cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
John Gavin (John Anthony Golenor; April 8, 1931 – February 9, 2018) was an American politician and actor. He was the Ambassador to Mexico from 1981 through 1986 under President Ronald Reagan. Gavin was in many movies. He was president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1971 through 1973. He was originally to play James Bond in two movies, but was rejected because he was not British.

Gavin was born on April 8, 1931 in Los Angeles, California to an Irish and Mexican family. He studied at St. John's Military Academy and at Stanford University. Gavin was married to Cecily Evans from 1957 until they divorced in the same year. They had seven children together. He married Constance Towers in 1974. He had two step-children.

Gavin died of pneumonia at his home in Los Angeles on February 9, 2018 at the age of 86.

References

Other websites

 
 John Gavin - So Suave

1931 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
Actors from Los Angeles
Ambassadors of the United States to Mexico
American military personnel of the Korean War
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Military people from California
Politicians from Los Angeles County, California
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
Stanford University alumni
US Republican Party politicians
Dayle Lymoine "Dale" Robertson (July 14, 1923 – February 27, 2013) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Jim Hardie in Tales of Wells Fargo. He won the Golden Boot Award in 1985.

Robertson was born on July 24, 1923 in Hurrah, Oklahoma. He was raised in Claremore, Oklahoma. Robertson studied at Oklahoma Military Academy. He was married to Susan Robertson until his death in 2013. Robertson died on February 27, 2013 from pneumonia caused by lung cancer in his home in San Diego, California, aged 89.

References

Other websites

 
Dale Robertson biographical sketch 
 

1923 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Oklahoma
American movie actors
American radio actors
American radio personalities
American stage actors
American television actors
American television personalities
American voice actors
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
Who is a Jew? () is the basic question about the identity of Jews, or in other words: which people are considered to be Jewish.

Question of race? 
The definition of who is a Jew may depend on a few things. Because Judaism has no specific race, it can include characteristics of an ethnicity, religion, and citizenship, and so the definition of who is a Jew is not specific.

This question has been a subject to legal arguments, especially in Israel but also outside of it. There have been court cases in Israel since 1962 which had to address the question. In addition, the United Kingdom and other countries has had to consider whether the question was a racial issue or not.

In Nazi Germany 
It was an important question to the Nazi party in Germany. The Nazis decided who a Jew was with the Nuremberg Laws.

My mom is Jewish or I converted 
The question is based on the person's genealogy. Simple definition: a person is a Jew either by birth (in any case if one's mother is Jewish) or by religious conversion.

Other ideas 
However, some disagree. Therefore, the following need to be taken into account:

 Are the parents mixed (Jew and Gentile)?
 What is the conversion process?
 Has there been a loss of Jewish identity?
 What is the person's diaspora identity?
 Do they have an Israeli citizenship?

Related pages
 Israelite

References

Other websites 

 Humanistic Judaism view on Who is a Jew 
 Reform view of who is a Jew  by the Union for Reform Judaism
 Who is a Jew by Jewish Virtual Library
 Orthodox and Non-Orthodox Judaism: How to Square the Circle by JCPA
 Rabbi Dr. Donniel Hartman: Israel cannot be arbiter of conversions to Judaism  by Shalom Hartman Institute
 Matrilineal descent Conservative view
 The "Who Is a Jew?" Controversy by the U.S. Library of Congress
 Rabbi Dr. Donniel Hartman: The challenge and crisis of conversion in Israel  by Shalom Hartman Institute
 Who is a Jew? from www.beingjewish.com
 "How Do You Prove You’re a Jew?" Gershom Gorenberg, New York Times, March 2, 2008
 "Rabbinical Court Puts Thousands Of Converts in Legal Limbo" Ruling Reopens Fractious Debate Over ‘Who is a Jew?’", Nathan Jeffay, The Forward, May 8, 2008
 "Israel considers question: ‘Who is a Jew?’ – Issue heads to higher court after rabbis annul some 40,000 conversions"  (November 2008)
 Who is born a Jew? Rabbinical and Karaite interpretations side by side from half-Jewish.org
 Times Online, The law of the land collides with the Law of Moses
 Israel risks alienating Jewish diaspora over definition of a Jew

Judaism
The logo of Wikipedia, which is a free, open-source online encyclopedia, that's accessible in many languages, is a picture that shows the following description:

A cut globe made from Jigsaw puzzle pieces with some missing at the top, and has glyphs from many different writing systems. 

As shown on the web pages of the English-language version of Wikipedia, it says "Wikipedia" under it, and there's a text that says "The Free Encyclopedia", in the free open-source font.

Wikipedia
Symbols
A registered user is a person who uses a program or a website and signs up to them by providing his or her identity information.

Registered users may be different depending on the platform they are using, and could have some advantage over guest users in many aspects - however, criticism on the matter has been a big deal. 

Technology
Internet security
The Alphabet Killer is a 2008 American mystery crime thriller movie. It was given limited release on November 7, 2008. The movie is about the murders of three girls in Rochester, New York between 1971 and 1973. Eliza Dushku plays Megan Paige, an investigator for Rochester Police Department who is investigating the murders. Timothy Hutton plays killer Richard Ledge. This thriller got negative reviews from the critics.

2008 crime movies
2000s mystery movies
2008 thriller movies
American serial killer movies
English-language movies
Movies set in New York
Movies set in the 1970s
Rochester, New York
American independent movies
A crop (sometimes called a croup or craw) is a thin-walled expanded portion of the alimentary canal used for storing food before digestion. It is found in many animals. It occurs in birds, some dinosaurs, and invertebrate animals such as gastropods (snails and slugs), earthworms, leeches, and insects.

Birds 
In a bird's digestive system, the crop is an expanded, muscular pouch near the gullet or throat.  It is a part of the digestive tract, essentially an enlarged part of the oesophagus.  As with most other organisms that have a crop, the crop is used to temporarily store food.  Not all birds have a crop.  In adult doves and pigeons, the crop can produce crop milk to feed newly hatched birds.

Scavenging birds, such as vultures, will gorge themselves when prey is abundant, causing their crop to bulge. They subsequently sit, sleepy or half torpid, to digest their food.

Most raptors, including hawks, eagles and vultures (as stated above), have a crop; however, owls do not.

Bees 
Cropping is used by bees to temporarily store nectar of flowers. When bees "suck" nectar, it is stored in their crops.

Difference to gizzard 
In a gizzard, the food is ground down before digestion, usually by stones. Gizzards have a tougher lining, and muscles. The gizzard is lower down the digestive tract, and more like a part of the stomach.

The crop is just a storage device. Often, it pays a bird to feed while the going is good, and do the digestion later. In many birds and in bees, the food is eventually brought back to the nest and given to family members. 

In other species, food brought back to the nest is pre-digested. That would mean it is regurgitated (brought up) from the stomach.

Related pages
 Oesophagus
 Gizzard
 Gular pouch, in bird anatomy, a flap generally used to store fish and other prey while hunting

References 

Animal anatomy
Türkmenabat (or Turkmenabad; ) is a city in Turkmenistan. It used to be called Chardzhou (, ); Persian for "four canals"). It is the capital of Lebap Province. There were about 254,000 people living there in 2009.

Cities in Asia
Geography of Turkmenistan
Lianas are vines which live in rainforests. They are climbing plants which wrap around trees.

Other websites

Flowering plants
Vines
Doctor of the Church (from Latin , to teach) is a title used in some Christian churches. It is given to people who are recognized as having been of particular importance, especially in their contribution to theology or doctrine. In the Catholic Church, this title is given to a saint who has written important works. The honour is given rarely, and only after canonisation. Saint Ambrose (330-397), Saint Augustine of Hippo (53-430), Saint Jerome, and Pope Gregory I are known as the Four Great Doctors (of the Western Church). In the Eastern Church, these are John Chrysostom, Saint Basil of Caesarea (or Basil the Great), Gregory of Nazianzus and Athanasius of Alexandria. Other Doctros of the Church incliude Thomas Aquinas, Anselm of Canterbury, Teresa of Ávila, Thérèse of Lisieux and Hildegard von Bingen.

List
List of Doctors 

Titles
Christian theologians
Factoring is selling rights to the future payments. People and companies that are receiving money from contracts every some time may be in need of extra money - so they sell rights to receive those payments for cash hence Factoring. This is done especially in construction business where companies are paid for parts of work completed instead of upfront payment. Such a company will sell future payments for small percentage fee and will receive all money they need to continue the work without delays.

The structured settlement factoring transaction can be really helpful for business in financial needs.
It provides business with better financing and more funds on hands in exchange for small percentage of total sum.

Some banks are entering field of Factoring trying to provide same service advertised by well known names.

References

Finance
Senigallia is a comune and seaport in Italy. It is on the Adriatic coastline, in the province of Ancona, in the Marche region. It is the second city of the province, after the capital, by the number of people living there.

It is an important seaside resort in the Marche region, and is visited every year by many person. Its beach is known as Spiaggia di Velluto (Velvet Beach).

Geography
Senigallia is on the Adriatic Sea, at the mouth of the Misa river. It has an area of  and its altitude is .

The comune borders with the following comuniː Belvedere Ostrense, Mondolfo (Province of Pesaro and Urbino), Monte San Vito, Montemarciano, Morro d'Alba, Ostra, Trecastelli.

Frazioni
The following frazioni (hamlets) are part of Senigalliaː Bettolelle, Borgo Bicchia, Borgo Catena, Borgo Passera, Brugnetto, Cannella, Castellaro, Cesanella, Cesano, Ciarnin, Filetto, Gabriella, Grottino, Mandriola, Marzocca, Montignano, Roncitelli, Sant'Angelo, San Silvestro, Scapezzano and Vallone.

Population
There are 44,706 persons living in the comune (January 2017), for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population

The people from this comune are known, in Italian, as senigalliesi.

Main sights
Despite its ancient origin the city presents a modern appearance, with wide streets. Attractions include:
Palazzo Comunale, a palace from the 17th century. Now is called Palazzo di Governo because the offices of the government of the comune are here. It is in the Piazza Roma.
Rocca Roveresca - castle of Gothic origin, was restored by Baccio Pontelli in 1492. It has a square plan with four large round tower.
The Cathedral of Senigallia (Cattedrale di San Pietro Apostolo), a cathedral built between  1762 and 1790.
Santa Maria delle Grazie church - one of the only two churches attributed to Baccio Pontelli (the other is at Orciano di Pesaro, province of Pesaro and Urbino, about  to the west by road). It once housed the painting of Madonna di Senigallia by Piero della Francesca; it is now in the Galleria Nazionale delle Marche in Urbino, Province of Pesaro and Urbino.
Chiesa della Croce or Church of the Cross .
Rotonda a mare .

People from Senigallia
 Pope Pius IX, 1792–1878, Pope
 Gaetano Bedini, 1806–1864, Cardinal and diplomat of the Catholic Church
 Enric Martínez-Castignani, (Barcelona, 1970) is an Italo-Spanish baritone who sings opera and lieder
 Fabri Fibra (born Fabrizio Tarducci,  17 October 1976) is an Italian rapper

Twinned and partner towns
Senigallia is twinned with:
 Chester, United Kingdom
 Lörrach, Germany
 Sens, France

Gallery

References

Towns in Italy
Settlements in Marche
A fulfillment house or fulfillment centre are modern terms for a packing warehouse.

Types of fulfillment company services
Standard types of these services are as follows: storage and warehousing (company stores an item until and order for that item is received), inventory control (maintaining and publishing inventory counts), pick and pack services (preparing ordered items for shipping) and shipping (outsourcing to courier or delivery companies).

Outsourcing to a fulfillment house or company
Advantages of outsourcing to such companies are: facilities (in early stages of business development you may have no place and money needed to store your items), shipping costs (because of special shipping rates when you ship thousands of items, which is not available for small companies), shipping materials costs (same reason as before), fulfillment costs (beneficial pricing when all fulfillment activities are bundled in one order), e-Commerce  (fulfillment houses use advanced e-Commerce systems to help in management).

On the other hand disadvantages of outsourcing are: indirect control (if there are any problems with services provided by the fulfillment company the blame and bad reputation will be on your company's shoulders) and product damage or shrinkage (fulfillment companies won't take full responsibility for any product damage or shrinkage until they're proven directly responsible).

References

Commerce
Paulina Susana Rubio Rue (born June 17, 1971), is a Mexican singer, actress, hostess, model and businesswoman. She has sold over 20 million records world wide.

Biography 
Paulina's father, Enrique Rubio is of Spanish origin and her mother Susana Dosamantes is a Mexican. Her breakthrough came with the group Timbiriche in Mexico.
She was married to Nicolas Vallejo Najera and they have a son, Andrea Nicolás Vallejo Rubio. She currently lives in Miami, Florida.

Discography

La Chica Dorada (1992)
24 Kilates (1993)
El Tiempo Es Oro (1995)
Planeta Paulina (1996)
Paulina (2000)
Border Girl (2002)
Pau-Latina (2004)
Ananda (2006)
Gran City Pop (2009)
Brava! (2011)
"TBA" (2014)

Tours
2001: Paulina Tour
2002: Tour With Enrique Iglesias
2004–2005: Pau-Latina Tour
2007: Amor, Luz Y Sonido
2009–2010: Gran City Pop Tour
2012: Brava! World Tour

Filmography

References

1971 births
Living people
Actors from Mexico City
Mexican television actors
Mexican singers
Latin singers
Susana Dosamantes (born Susana Dosamantes Rul Riestra on 9 January 1948 in Guadalajara, Mexico), is a Mexican actress.

Personal life 
She is the mother of Mexican pop diva Paulina Rubio, She has appeared in around 50 movies and TV series, including  telenovelas.
On 11 January 2011, her ex-husband died from kidney cancer.

In recent years Dosamantes has worked in the United States so that she could live near her daughter, Paulina.  Both Susana and Paulina now live in Miami, Florida.

Filmography
2012: Corazón Apasionado....Doña Úrsula Campos Miranda de Villacastín
2010: Eva Luna....Marcela
2008: El Juramento .... Luisa Robles Conde
2007: Tomalo Suave .... Susana
2006: Marina .... Alberta Morales viuda de Alarcón
2005: El amor no tiene precio  .... Lucrecia Cevallos
2003: Rebeca  .... Matilde Linares
1999: Reclusorio III
1997: Amada enemiga  .... Regina
1995: Bésame en la boca
1990: Keiko en peligro
1990: La ley de la mafia  .... Dinorah
1990: El protector de la mafia
1990: La metralleta
1990: El estrangulador de la rosa  .... Paola Luna
1990: Comando marino  .... Comandanta
1989: Morir para vivir
1988: El placer de la venganza
1988: Escuadrón  .... Roxana
1986: Ese loco, loco hospital
1985: Rosa de la frontera
1984: El sexo de los ricos  .... Diana
1983: El día del compadre .... Bertha
1983: El mercenario II  .... Laura
1983: Amalia Batista  .... Amalia Batista
1982: Jugando con la muerte  .... Laura
1981: Abierto día y noche
1981: Infamia  .... Lidia
1980: ¡Qué verde era mi duque! .... Pilar
1979: Day of the Assassin .... The Princess
1979: Aprendiendo a amar  .... Teresa
1978: El andariego
1978: María José
1977: Los temibles
1977: Corazón salvaje .... Aimee
1976: El hombre
1975: Más negro que la noche .... Aurora
1975: A Home of Our Own  .... Magdalena-as an Adult
1975: Aventuras de un caballo blanco y un niño
1975: Lo imperdonable
1974: Hermanos de sangre
1974: Jalisco nunca pierde
1974: El chofer  .... Pilar
1973: El juego de la guitarra
1973: La yegua colorada .... La esposa de Adolfo
1973: El imponente
1973: Duelo al atardecer
1973: Ana del aire  .... Norma
1973: La hiena  .... Dayanara
1972: Kaliman .... Nila
1972: El edificio de enfrente
1972: Las gemelas
1971: Siete Evas para un Adan .... Betty
1971: Muchacha italiana viene a casarse
1970: Rio Lobo .... Maria Carmen (Tuscarora's girlfriend)  ... aka San Timoteo
1970: Paraíso .... Amiga de Vicky
1970: Flor de durazno
1970: Matrimonio y sexo
1970: Confesiones de una adolescente
1970: Remolino de pasiones
1969: Los recuerdos del porvenir  .... Julia Andrade

References

Other websites

Official El Juramento Website  

1948 births
Living people
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
People from Guadalajara
Potter Palmer (May 20, 1826 – May 4, 1902) was an American businessman and architect. Palmer is known for helping creating new streets in the city of Chicago after the Great Chicago Fire during the 1880s.

Palmer was born on May 20, 1826. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Potter was married to Bertha Honoré from 1871 until his death in 1902. They had two children. On May 4, 1902, Palmer died from heart failure in his home in Chicago, Illinois. He was 75 when he died. He is buried at Graceland Cemetery in Uptown, Chicago.

References

Other websites

1826 births
1902 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Chicago
Burials at Graceland Cemetery
American billionaires
Businesspeople from Chicago
Architects from Chicago
International marketing (IM) or global marketing is a marketing done on international level. The International Marketing is based on strategy created in home country of company and distributed to its other offices/affiliations. In most cases it is international company level (company have offices in different countries) market identification and targeting. International Marketing is very similar to Global marketing.
The main difference will be the fact that Global Marketing is focusing on intercontinental point of view.
The example of International Marketing would be where an English company would like to enter Chinese market. It will be done by either developing marketing strategy in their home country that will be then introduced in new market or they will hire a company to create such a plan.

Differences between marketing and international marketing

International marketing is developed by many multinational companies on a global level. It is then send to local markets which make changes for their country and starts following new strategy. Such a way of creating marketing strategies ensures that the global brand will be following same strategy and targeting same buyers group.

References

Marketing
Harold Pinter CH CBE (10 October 1930 – 24 December 2008) was a British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. Pinter was Jewish. He was born and raised in Hackney, east London.

His plays include: The Birthday Party, The Homecoming and Betrayal, all of which he adapted into movies. His adaptations of others' works include: The Servant, The Go-Between, The French Lieutenant's Woman, The Trial and Sleuth.

The critic Irving Wardle called Pinter's early plays "comedies of menace". He meant that the plays begin with an apparently innocent situation. The situation becomes both threatening and "absurd" as Pinter's characters behave in strange ways. Pinter acknowledged that Samuel Beckett influenced his early work. They became friends, sending each other drafts of their works in progress for comments.

Pinter was married to Vivien Merchant from 1956 until they divorced in 1980. He was married to Antonia Fraser from 1980 until his death. He was diagnosed with oesophageal cancer in 2001 and died from the disease in London seven years later when it metastasised to his liver.

References

Other websites 

1930 births
2008 deaths
Actors from London
BAFTA Award winners
British anti–Iraq War activists
British movie actors
British Nobel Prize winners 
British playwrights
British television actors
British television writers
Cancer deaths in London
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Jewish British actors
Jewish British writers
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Movie directors from London
People from Hackney
Screenwriters from London
A Structured settlement is an insurance or financial arrangement that is negotiated to end a lawsuit. It is a legal agreement through which an insurance company agrees to make regular payments to a specific individual over a period of time.

Structured settlements created as a way for insurance companies to payout settlements in installments as opposed to large lump sums. Structured settlements may benefit injured people whose settlements might result in their owing taxes, by allowing them to reduce or delay tax payments. They may also benefit younger people or disabled people by providing periodic payments of money over an extended period of time.

Structured settlements require the paper holder (a name for the person who receives payments from the settlement) to wait before they will get money, by spreading payments over a number of years. However there are companies offering to buy such a structured settlement for upfront money. For example, a company might offer to buy a settlement that would be paid in 20 yearly payments for a one-time payment of lower value. Such financing may need to be approved by judge and the insurance company.

In the United States, the sale of a structured settlement may result in tax liability under the Internal Revenue Code.

References

Finance
Insurance
Die Fledermaus () is an opera by Johann Strauss II. Its first performance took place on April 5, 1874 at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, Austria. The opera has been presented on New Year's Eve in Vienna since the early 1930s. Die Fledermaus is based on the French play Le Réveillon (1872) by Meilhac and Halévy.

References
 

Operas
Compositions by Johann Strauss II
Term life insurance or term assurance is life insurance that provides coverage for some sum of money during a given period of time.  After the term stated in original contract expires, the sum of money paid to insurance company will need to be renegotiated and will often increase. Term insurance is the cheapest way of buying life insurance.

Term life insurance is the original form of life insurance and is different to permanent insurance because its rates will not go up, and there is a fixed term contract, which will end in the future. Permanent life insurance contracts can last until the death of insured person, but the rates will slowly increase over time.

Because term life insurance is only death insurance, it is used to cover mortgages (guarantee that the bank will receive their money), payment to the families (upon death of insured person his family will usually receive repayment for funeral costs and in some cases will get some money), repayment of debts.

The simplest form of term life insurance is a one-year contract. The death benefit will be paid if the insured dies. If he does not die during this the coverage period no claims are paid, and a new contract must be written.

Term life insurance is the most affordable type of life insurance because it is temporary and builds no cash value inside the policy over time. Term life is “pure protection”, not an investment.

Level term life insurance is a type of term life insurance plan that has guaranteed level rates and amounts of coverage for the entire term of the policy. 

Level term life plans may offer coverage with level rates for a period of 10, 15, 20 or 30 years. Some term life insurance plans provide life insurance to age 65 or 70, but your rate will increase after the “level term” period.

References

Insurance
Mesh networking is a kind of network topology, a way computer networks and other networks are laid out.  In mesh networking, each node is connected to one or more other nodes.  Information is passed from one node to the next, until it reaches its target destination.  Such networks can be very reliable because there is usually more than one path from one node to another.  When a node fails, the data will simply take another route.  

The disadvantage of such networks is that building them can be very expensive.  A network in which each node is directly connected to every other node is called a fully connected network.  Another type of a mesh network is a mobile ad hoc network.  In such a network the nodes are mobile, and the network may reorganize itself while it is running. 

According to Reed's Law, the value of fully meshed networks is proportional to the exponent of the number of subscribers. Metcalf's Law, in contrast asserts that the value is proportional to the square of the number of subscibers.

Related pages 

 Shortest Path Bridging

Computer networking
"The Emperor's New Clothes" is a story by Hans Christian Andersen. The tale was first published on 7 April 1837 with "The Little Mermaid" in the third and final installment of Andersen's Fairy Tales Told for Children. It was published in Copenhagen, Denmark by C. A. Reitzel. The story is based on one from the Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio|Libro de los ejemplos (or El Conde Lucanor, 1335) by Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena (1282–1348). This book was a medieval Spanish collection of fifty-one cautionary tales with various sources such as Aesop and other classical writers and Persian folktales. Andersen did not know the Spanish original, but read the tale in a German translation titled "So ist der Lauf der Welt". In the source tale, a king is hoodwinked by weavers who claim to make a suit of clothes invisible to any man not the son of his presumed father. Andersen altered the source tale to direct the focus on courtly pride and intellectual vanity rather than adulterous paternity.

Andersen's manuscript was at the printer’s when he suddenly changed the original climax of the tale from the emperor’s subjects admiring his invisible clothes to that of the child's cry.  Andersen’s decision to change the ending may have occurred after he read the manuscript tale to a child, or had its source in a childhood incident similar to that in the tale.  In 1872, he recalled standing in a crowd with his mother waiting to see King Frederick VI.  When the king made his appearance, Andersen cried out, "Oh, he’s nothing but a human being!"  His mother tried to silence him by crying, "Have you gone mad, child?". Whatever the reason, Andersen thought the change would prove more satirical.

The story tells of an Emperor who cares for nothing but new clothes. He hires two swindlers who promise him the finest suit of clothes. It will be made from a fabric invisible to anyone who is unfit for his position or "hopelessly stupid". The Emperor's ministers cannot see the clothing, but pretend that they can for fear of appearing unfit for their positions. The Emperor does the same. Finally the swindlers report that the suit is finished. They pretend to dress Emperor. He marches in procession before his subjects. The townsfolk play along with the pretense. Then a child in the crowd cries out that the Emperor is wearing nothing at all. The cry is taken up by others. The Emperor cringes, but holds his head high and continues the procession.

Notes

References
 
 Frank, Diane Crone (Ed. and transl.); Frank, Jeffrey (Ed. and transl.) (2005). The Stories of Hans Christian Andersen: A New Translation from the Danish. Durham and London: Duke University Press. .

Other websites

 "Keiserens nye Klæder" . Original Danish text
 "Keiserens nye Klæder" . Manuscript from the Odense City Museum
 "The Emperor's New Clothes". English translation by Jean Hersholt
  "The Emperor's New Clothes". Audio rendition by Sir Michael Redgrave

Fairy tales
Works by Hans Christian Andersen
Plural ignorance or pluralistic ignorance is a term which gives a name to  a situation where a majority of group members privately reject a norm, but at the same time, they assume incorrectly that most others accept it. The term describes a context in which "no one believes, but everyone thinks that everyone believes." 

A context of plural ignorance can be caused by the structure of the underlying social network.

A situation of plural ignorance develops when each individual decision-maker in a group of decision-makers does not have the necessary information to solve a problem.

History
The term pluralistic ignorance was coined by Daniel Katz and Floyd H. Allport in 1931.  

Plural ignorance may partially explain why people are more likely to intervene in an emergency situation when alone than when other persons are present. If people monitor the reactions of others in such a situation, they may conclude from the inaction of others that other people think that it is not necessary to act.

Related pages
 The Emperor's New Clothes
 False consensus
 Intensity of preference

References

Psychology
Millionaire Hot Seat is an Australian television game show. It is a spin-off of the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. It first aired on 20 April 2009. It is hosted by Eddie McGuire.

Gameplay
Six players compete for a prize of $1,000,000. Players are asked multiple choice questions with four possible answers. Each question has a time limit. The time limit is 15 seconds for the first five questions, 30 seconds for the next five questions, and 45 seconds for the last five. Players have one "pass" that they can use. If a player uses a pass, the question goes to the next player in line. That player can not use their pass on the question. If a player answers a question incorrectly, they are removed from the game, go home with nothing, and the top prize is lowered. If a player does not give an answer in the time limit, it is considered a pass. If they can not pass, they are removed from the game.

If the first player answers the first five questions correctly, they win a $1,000 bonus.

The game ends when all of the players are removed from the game or the last question is answered. If the question is answered correctly, the player wins the amount of money the question is worth. If it is answered incorrectly, the player goes home with nothing. If the 5th question was answered correctly, they leave with $1,000.

Other websites
Official website 

2009 television series debuts
2000s television series
Television game shows
Australian television
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (also spelled Ba'th or Baath, "resurrection" or "renaissance";  Hizb Al-Ba'ath Al-'Arabi Al-Ishtiraki), also called the pro-Iraqi Ba'ath movement, is a Ba'athist political party headquartered in Baghdad, Iraq. It is one of two parties which formed in 1966 after split of the original Ba'ath Party. They ruled Iraq between 1968 and the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Political parties in Asia
1966 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in Iraq
Ba'athism is an Arab political ideology. It combines socialism, nationalism, and Pan-Arabism. A Ba'athist society seeks enlightenment, renaissance of Arab culture, values and society

Nationalism
Socialism
Arab world
Denton Arthur Cooley (August 22, 1920 – November 18, 2016) was an American heart surgeon. He was known for doing the first implantation of a complete artificial heart. Cooley was also the founder and surgeon in-chief of The Texas Heart Institute, chief of Cardiovascular Surgery at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, consultant in Cardiovascular Surgery at Texas Children's Hospital, and a clinical professor of Surgery at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston.

He studied zoology in the University of Texas and graduated in 1941. He began his medical education at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston. He completed his medical degree and his surgical training at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, where he also completed his internship. At Johns Hopkins, he worked with Dr. Alfred Blalock and helped with the first Blue Baby procedure to treat a child's congenital heart defect.

In 1946, Cooley served as chief of surgical services at the station hospital in Linz, Austria for the Army Medical Corps. He was discharged (released) in 1948 with the rank of captain. Then, he returned to Johns Hopkins to remain as an instructor in surgery. In 1950, he went to London to work with Lord Russell Brock.

Cooley died at his home in Houston on November 18, 2016, aged 96.

References 

2016 deaths
People from Houston, Texas
1920 births
American physicians
Mumford & Sons are an English folk rock band from London. 

The band was formed in 2007 by band members Marcus Mumford, Ben Lovett, Winston Marshall and Ted Dwane. Lead vocalist Marcus Mumford organised the band and their performances and was one of the most visible members of the band because of this the band decided to use the name Mumford & Sons.

They released their debut studio album Sigh No More on 2 October 2009. They later released their second studio album Babel on 21 September 2012. Babel won a Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 2013 Grammy Awards. They were also a part of the documentary Big Easy Express which won a Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video.

Band members 
Current
Marcus Mumford - lead vocals, guitar, drums, mandolin (2007–present)
Ben Lovett - vocals, keyboards, accordion, drums, electric guitar (2007–present)
Winston Marshall - vocals, banjo, dobro, electric guitar (2007–present)
Ted Dwane - vocals, double bass, bass guitar, drums, guitar (2007–present)

Discography

Albums
Sigh No More (2009)
Babel (2012)

References

Other websites 
Official website

2000s British music groups
2007 establishments in England
2010s British music groups
Musical groups from London
Bluegrass bands
Folk music groups
Indie bands
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups established in 2007
Kings Island is a  amusement park located  northeast of Cincinnati in Mason, Ohio, United States. The park is owned and operated by the Cedar Fair company. It operates from late April to Labor Day. The park features 47 rides total and has 14 roller coasters including Vortex, The Bat, Mystic Timbers, Banshee, Diamondback, and other attractions. The park opened to the public on April 29, 1972.  Great Wolf Lodge nearby, is next to the amusement park.

The newest ride at Kings Island is Kings Mills Antique Autos.
Theme parks in the United States
Buildings and structures in Ohio
1972 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Ohio
The Symphony No. 94 in G major ("Surprise") is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. It was first performed in London on 23 March 1792 under Haydn's direction. It is nicknamed the "Surprise Symphony". It is sometimes called the "Kettledrum­stroke Symphony". The symphony's nickname is derived from the sudden loud chord played by the entire orchestra in the second movement. This movement is a set of variations on a sweet, gentle theme. The chord was Haydn's afterthought; it does not appear in the manuscript. One theory suggests Haydn inserted this loud chord saying, "That will make the ladies jump!". Another theory suggests he inserted it to wake up the music lovers who had dozed off after their dinners and drinks. Another theory suggests he inserted it to make the symphony memorable in light of the competition he faced from a series of London concerts directed by Ignatz Pleyel.

References
 Woodstra, Chris, et. al. 2005. All Music Guide to Classical Music. All Media Guide, LLC. pp. 574–575. 

Haydn No 94
Compositions by Joseph Haydn
MedlinePlus is a free website that gives free consumer health information for patients, families, and health care providers. The site has information from the United States National Library of Medicine, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), other U.S. government agencies, and health-related organizations.  The U.S. National Library of Medicine produces and maintains the site.  MedlinePlus includes a companion site in Spanish, which offers similar content for the Spanish-speaking community.  It also offers a mobile site in both English and Spanish optimized for display on mobile devices.  Over 150 million people from around the world use MedlinePlus each year.  

MedlinePlus contains:
 Health topics and a medical encyclopedia from A.D.A.M., Inc. covering hundreds of diseases, conditions, and wellness issues.
 Drug information for both generic and brand-name prescription and over-the-counter medications.
 Herbal and dietary supplement information.
 A medical dictionary.
 Health news articles from Reuters Health Information and HealthDay, plus press releases from major medical organizations.
 Directories of physicians, dentists, hospitals, clinics, and other health care providers.
 Videos of surgical procedures and anatomy videos.
 Interactive health tutorials that use animations and sound to explain conditions and procedures.
 MedlinePlus Connect, a service linking patients or providers in electronic health record (EHR) systems to related MedlinePlus information on conditions or medications.
 A mobile site  to provide authoritative health information for the growing audience of mobile internet users.

References

Science websites
Medicine
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a way to keep track of for the purpose of journal articles and books in the life sciences; it can also serve as a thesaurus that makes searching easier. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed article database and by NLM's catalog of book holdings.

MeSH was introduced in 1963. The yearly printed version was discontinued in 2007 and MeSH is now available online only. It can be browsed and downloaded free of charge through PubMed. Originally in English, MeSH has been translated into numerous other languages and allows retrieval of documents from different languages.

References

Medicine
eMedicine is an online research tool for clinical studies. It was founded in 1996 by two medical doctors, Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely. The website is searchable by keyword. It has about 6,800 articles, each of which is associated with one of 62 clinical subspecialty textbooks. Pediatrics, for example, consists of 14 subspecialty textbooks (endocrinology, genetics, cardiology, pulmonology, etc.).  For example, 750 articles are the textbook on emergency medicine.  Each article is authored by board-certified specialists in the subspecialty to which the article belongs. The article's authors are identified with their current jobs.  Each article is updated yearly and the date is published on the article.

History
It was sold to WebMD in January 2006.

The site is free to use, requiring only registration.  More than 10,000 contributors from several countries participated in the creation of the articles. It is operated as an e-book, the articles can be downloaded into a palm top device.

It was originally conceived in 1996 as an emergency medicine textbook but its content has expanded a lot since then to include allergy and immunology, cardiology, clinical procedures, critical care, dermatology, emergency medicine, endocrinology, gastroenterology. genomic medicine, hematology, infectious diseases, nephrology, neurology, obstetrics/gynecology, oncology, pathology, perioperative care, physical medicine and rehabilitation, psychiatry, pulmonology, radiology, rheumatology, and sports medicine. Surgical subspecialties include neurosurgery, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, (ENT) and facial plastic surgery, plastic surgery, thoracic surgery, transplantation, Trauma, urology, and vascular surgery.

References

Other websites
 eMedicine website

Databases
Medical manuals
Science websites
"La Reyne le veult" ("The Queen wills it") or "Le Roy le veult" ("The King wills it") is a Norman French line used in the Parliament of the United Kingdom to show that a public or private bill has received Royal Assent from the Monarch.

History 
The practice of giving Royal Assent came from William the Conqueror to show that the King intended for something to be made law. Norman French came to be used as the normal language of the educated classes and of the law, though Latin continued to be used with it. The work of the Parliament of England was conducted entirely in French until the latter part of Edward III's reign (1327–1377) and English was only rarely used before the reign of Henry VI (1422–61, 1470–71). Royal Assent was sometimes given in English, though more often in French. The practice of recording Parliamentary statutes in French or Latin stopped by 1488 and statutes have been published in English ever since.

During the period of the the Protectorate, when the Lord Protector (Oliver Cromwell and later his son Richard) governed the country, assent was given in English. The old practice of giving assent in Norman French was resumed following the Restoration in 1660 and has continued ever since. There has only been one attempt to remove it, when the House of Lords passed a bill in 1706 "for abolishing the use of the French tongue in all proceedings in Parliament and courts of justice." The bill failed to pass the House of Commons. Although the use of French in courts was later abolished in 1731, Parliament's practice was not affected.

Usage 
The line is used to show that the Monarch has granted their Royal Assent to a bill in order to make it become law. It is used by the Clerk of the Parliaments in the House of Lords. It is only used after the Lord Chancellor with the Lords Commissioners, has read out the Letters patent for the bill. The Clerk of the Crown then reads out the short title of the bill and the Clerk of the Parliament responds by saying the line 19 times towards the House of Commons at the bar of the House. The line is also written on the paper of the bill to show that the Monarch granted Royal Assent to the bill.

The line has been used wrongly on other bills, same as the wrong line has also been used for government bills. There are a few occasions where this has happened, most notably on the Act of Supremacy 1558 where "Soit fait comme il est désiré", the line used for personal bills, was used instead of "La Reyne le veult".

If the Royal Assent is refused, the line "La Reyne / Le Roy s'avisera" would be used, though in practice no British monarch since Queen Anne has not given royal assent since a dispute over militia in Scotland in 1707.

Sources 

Government of the United Kingdom
Samuel James "Sam" Champion (born August 13, 1961) is the weather anchor of ABC's Good Morning America and weather editor of ABC News. Champion was born in Paducah, Kentucky. He has a B.A. in broadcast journalism from Eastern Kentucky University. He worked on Good Morning America as a weatherman, making reportedly $1.5 million per year. On April 7, 2012, he debuted as host of Sea Rescue, an educational and informational television program that focuses on the rescue, rehabilitation, and release of animals back into the wild. 

Champion is active in many charitable organizations in the New York City area including the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, March of Dimes, and "Stopping AIDS Together". He co-hosted the New York City Project's 2002 "Courage Awards". On 20 February 2013 The Wall Street Journal reported that a former Mets teammate of baseball player Mike Piazza's said in 2000 that Piazza and Champion were involved in a homosexual relationship. Piazza denied this in 2002. Champion and his longtime partner Rubem Robierb were married on December 21, 2012. 

Champion left Good Morning America in December 2013, and later moved to The Weather Channel hosting AMHQ from March 2014 until October 2015.

References

1961 births
American television personalities
LGBT broadcasters
American LGBT people
Living people
The Opera House is a former opera house and current pub in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England. It is also a Grade II listed building.

Sources

Opera houses
Kent
Buildings and structures in England
Grade II listed buildings
Pubs
The River Medway is a river which flows for  from the High Weald in Sussex, through Kent to the point where it enters the Thames Estuary. The river becoms tidal after Allington Lock.

Tributaries

The major tributaries of the medway are:

 River Eden
 River Bourne, known as the River Shode and River Busty
 River Teise, major sub tributary River Bewl.
 River Beult
 Loose Stream
 River Len

Navigation

Until 1746 the river was impassable above Maidstone. The Environment Agency is the navigation authority.

References

Rivers of England
The Church of King Charles the Martyr is a Church of England parish church in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England. It is a Grade I listed building.

Sources

Churches in England
Kent
Listed buildings
John Ruskin (8 February 1819 – 20 January 1900) was the leading English art critic of the Victorian era. He was also an art patron, draughtsman, watercolourist, a prominent social thinker and philanthropist. He was hugely influential in the last half of the 19th century, up to the First World War. 

Ruskin wrote on a wide range of subjects. These included geology, architecture, myths, ornithology, literature, education, botany, and political economy. In all his writing, he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society. He also made detailed sketches and paintings of rocks, plants, birds, landscapes, and architectural structures and ornamentation.

Ruskin first came to widespread attention with the first volume of Modern Painters (1843), an extended essay in defence of the work of J. M. W. Turner. He argued that the principal role of the artist is "truth to nature". From the 1850s he championed the Pre-Raphaelites who were influenced by his ideas. 

In 1869, Ruskin became the first Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford, where he established the Ruskin School of Drawing. He founded the Guild of St George, an organisation that still exists.

References

Other websites
Ruskin at Victorian web

1819 births
1900 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Art critics
British critics
Writers from London
Diana Serra Cary (born Peggy-Jean Montgomery; October 29, 1918 – February 24, 2020), known as Baby Peggy, was an American silent movie actress, author, and historian. Cary was one of the last surviving actors from the silent movie area. She retired in 1938. She then wrote books about her career.

Cary was born on October 26, 1918 in Merced, California. She studied at Lawlor Professional School and at Fairfax High School. She was raised in San Diego, California. 

Cary was married to Gordon Ayres from 1938 until they divorced in 1948. Then she was married to Bob Cary from 1954 until his death in 2001. She has one son, Mark Cary.  

Cary died on February 24, 2020 in Gustine, California at the age of 101.

References

Other websites

 
 
An interview with Baby Peggy
Baby Peggy at Virtual History

1918 births
2020 deaths
American centenarians
American silent movie actors
American child actors
American historians
Actors from San Diego, California
Writers from San Diego, California