cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
On August 11, 1984, United States President Ronald Reagan was getting ready to make his weekly Saturday radio address on National Public Radio. He was running for re-election at the time. He was testing the microphone before he started to talk, then Reagan made this joke to the radio workers:

My fellow Americans, I'm pleased to tell you today that I've signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever.  We begin bombing in five minutes.

The joke was based on the start of that day's speech:

My fellow Americans, I'm pleased to tell you that today I signed legislation that will allow student religious groups to begin enjoying a right they've too long been denied — the freedom to meet in public high schools during nonschool hours, just as other student groups are allowed to do.

Many Americans and Soviets were scared about a nuclear attack. Reagan said it was a joke. Though this was not the first time Reagan had joked before giving a speech or address, the Soviets were offended. They started making fun of Reagan.

References

1984 in the United States
1980s in the Soviet Union
Speeches by Ronald Reagan
Flipping is a term used in economics. It is used mainly in the United States to describe buying something and quickly reselling (or "flipping") it for profit. It can apply to any asset but is often applied to real estate and initial public offerings (IPOs).

Real estate 

Real estate is bought and sold every day. The seller arranges for a realtor to advertise and sell their property. The realtor charges between 4 and 7 percent of the selling price as a commission. The sale is conducted between the owner of the property or house, and the buyer who wants to purchase it. 

Flipping is used by real estate investors to describe someone purchasing a property then selling it quickly for a profit. Usually the investor will pay for improvements to make the property more attractive. The investor must have the money to buy the house and pay for the improvements. Realtors neither buy the house or resell it (although a realtor can also be a flipper). They simply broker the sale.

Flipping involves a good deal of risk for investors. They must know the value of a property and not pay too much. They have to be careful not to invest too much in improvements. Very often run-down properties or foreclosures are sold at auctions. The buyer may not be able to inspect the property before buying it. This can lead to additional costs to fix problems that could not be seen. A property needs to sell quickly or there is no quick return on their money. 

There are also many risks for buyers of flipped homes.

IPOs 

Initial public offerings are when a private company sells shares of stock to the public for the first time (called going public). Flipping is buying stocks and selling within the first 2 to 3 days after the company went public. The hope is the price will go up rapidly. Underwriters want investors want to hold onto stocks. They may blacklist investors who flip too many stocks even though it is legal.

Other forms    

In the United Kingdom the term is used to describe Members of Parliament switching their 'second home' between several houses. This was to maximize their taxpayer funded allowances.

References

Other websites 

 Tax consequences of flipping real estate
 Can you flip a house for profit in this market?

Economics
Real estate
Chokwe Lumumba (born Edwin Finley Taliaferro; August 2, 1947 – February 25, 2014) was an American politician. He was the Mayor of Jackson, Mississippi. Lumumba was born in Detroit, Michigan as Edwin Finley Taliaferro, a name he referred to as his "slave name".

Lumumba died on February 25, 2014 at the St. Dominic Hospital in Jackson, Mississippi. He was aged 66. The cause of death was not made clear, though Jackson City Council president Charles Tillman, who was sworn in as acting mayor, said he had a meeting with Lumumba the previous day and that he had a cold. City Councilman Quentin Whitwell told reporters that Lumumba died of heart failure.

References

Other websites 
 Election website 
 

1947 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Politicians from Detroit, Michigan
American mayors
US Democratic Party politicians
Lawyers from Detroit
African American lawyers
African American politicians
Lawyers from Mississippi
A fasciculation, or "muscle twitch", is a small, local, involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation. At times it may be visible under the skin. Deeper areas can be detected by EMG testing. A fasciculation can happen in any skeletal muscle in the body. Fasciculations can occur in normal healthy people. One uncommon reason for them is due to a lower motor neuron lesion that may be caused by any of several diseases. One example would be Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

References

Other websites 
What is a Fasciculation? About.com

Symptoms
Muscular system
Douglas William "Doug" Jarrett (April 22, 1944 – February 10, 2014) was a Canadian ice hockey player. He was a Defense in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Chicago Black Hawks and New York Rangers. He also did work on behalf of the Chicago Blackhawk Alumni Association.

He was born in London, Ontario. In 2011, he was inducted into the London (Ontario) Sports Hall of Fame.

He died from lung cancer on February 10, 2014 in Fort Erie, Ontario. He was aged 69. He was diagnosed with the disease ten days before his death.

References

Other websites
 

1944 births
2014 deaths
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Cancer deaths in Ontario
Chicago Blackhawks players
Deaths from lung cancer
Ice hockey people from Ontario
New York Rangers players
People from London, Ontario
Cephalaspis (meaning 'head shield') is a genus of armoured fish in the early Devonian about 400 million years ago (mya).
It was one of the jawless fishes, or ostracoderms, which were common at the time. 

They were discovered in the first half of the 19th century in the Old Red Sandstone of Britain. Louis Agassiz named it in 1835. He had been to Scotland, and seen Hugh Miller's collection. Miller described his collecting later, in a popular work on the rocks and fossils of the Old Red Sandstone in Scotland. Agassoz' single species has now been split into more species, some of which have been moved into a different genus.

Lifestyle 
Cephalaspis was a medium-sized fish that lived in freshwater streams and estuaries of the early Devonian. Some of the fossils are well-preserved, and so we know quite a bit about its anatomy. Its armour was on the dorsal side, and its mouth on the ventral side. Therefore, it is likely that it was a bottom-feeder, nosing about in the mud of a river. It had a typical vertebrate type of brain, with front, middle and rear regions, and nerves to and from sense organs and  muscles in the head region.

Its pineal opening between its eyes was probably a light-sensitive organ. On its skull are three areas which obviously had a special function. Many modern fish which live in muddy rivers use both pressure-sensitive lateral lines, and also electrical fields to sense movement. Cephalaspis had no lateral lines, but the three fields on its skull were no doubt sensory, for sensing pressure change or electrical fields.

The animal had semi-circular canals to sense balance (one of the functions of our own semi-circular canals). They were capable of sustained swimming, and short rapid bursts. Almost all the fossils are found in strata laid down in freshwater conditions, so the various species live in rivers, streams connected with lakes and estuaries.

Sansom decided that Cephalaspis was the sister-taxon of cornuate osteostracans, which have defined corners on the head-shields.

References 

Agnatha
Francis "Franny" Beecher (September 29, 1921 – February 24, 2014), also known as Frank Beecher, was an American country, jazz, and rock musician. He was the lead guitarist for Bill Haley & His Comets from 1954 to 1962. He was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania.

Beecher died from natural causes on February 24, 2014 at a nursing home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was aged 92.

References

Other websites

 

1921 births
2014 deaths
Musicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Country musicians from Pennsylvania
American jazz musicians
American rock guitarists
Deaths from natural causes
Tomaž Pengov (1949 – 10 February 2014) was a Slovenian singer-songwriter, musician and poet. He played a 12-stringed acoustic guitar and lute. He was born in Ljubljana, then part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He studied comparative literature at University of Ljubljana's Faculty of Arts.

Pengov died after a short illness on 10 February 2014 in his hometown of Ljubljana. He was aged 64.

References

Other websites
 

1949 births
2014 deaths
People from Ljubljana
Composers
Singer-songwriters
Guitarists
Lutenists
Poets
Slovenian people
TMNT is a computer-animated fantasy action movie. It was made in the United States and released in 2007. It is part of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (TMNT) series. The movie is the fourth in the original TMNT movie series. It was the first Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movie made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). It was also the first movie in the series in 14 years.

TMNT was written and directed by Kevin Munroe. It features the voices of Nolan North, James Arnold Taylor, Mikey Kelley, Mitchell Whitfield, Chris Evans, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Kevin Smith, Patrick Stewart, Zhang Ziyi and Laurence Fishburne (who is the narrator). The animation was created by Imagi Animation Studios. It was produced by Warner Bros. Pictures. It was the last movie that producer Mako Iwamatsu made before his death. It was also produced by Peter Laird, one of the two men who created the Turtles.

The story begins with the four Turtles (Raphael, Leonardo, Donatello, and Michelangelo) having grown apart after their final defeat of the Shredder. Strange things begin happening in New York City as ancient creatures threaten the world. The Turtles must reunite to save it.

TMNT premiered in cinemas on March 23, 2007. It was successful, making US$95 million around the world. It received both good and bad reviews from movie critics.

2007 movies
2007 animated movies
2007 computer-animated movies
Warner Bros. movies
American animated movies
American action movies
Animated Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movies
Martial arts movies
Sulkava is a municipality in the Southern Savonia region of Finland. It had almost 3,000 living there in January 2014. The municipality is best known for the annual long distance rowing contest, Sulkavan Suursoudut, around Partalansaari ("Partala Island"). It is just as famous for the large party following the rowing event. The municipalities near it are Juva, Puumala, Rantasalmi, Ruokolahti and Savonlinna.

References

Other websites 

 The official Sulkava page

Municipalities of Southern Savonia
Rowing
Ruokolahti () is a municipality in South Karelia, Finland. It had almost 5,500 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Imatra, Lappeenranta, Parikkala, Puumala, Rautjärvi, Savonlinna, Sulkava and Taipalsaari.

Sights 
Nearby is the Kummakivi rock. It is a large rock balanced on top of another.

Distances 
 Imatra – 17 km
 Lappeenranta – 53 km
 Savonlinna – 104 km
 Mikkeli – 119 km
 Kouvola – 141 km
 Helsinki – 274 km

References

Other websites 

 The official Ruokolahti page

Municipalities of South Karelia
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (abbreviated as FLSA; also referred to as the Wages and Hours Bill) is a federal statute of the United States.

The Act 

The FLSA introduced a maximum 44-hour workweek (reduced to a 40-hour workweek by 1940). It established a national minimum wage (of 25¢ per hour). It guaranteed "time-and-a-half" for overtime in certain jobs. The FLSA also prohibited most employment of minors in "oppressive child labor". The FLSA created a Wage and Hour Division in the Department of Labor. The statute applies to employees engaged in interstate commerce or employed by a business engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce, unless the employer can claim an exemption from these requirements.

The FLSA was originally written in 1932 by Senator Hugo Black. He was later appointed to the Supreme Court in 1937. However, Black's proposal to require employers to adopt a thirty-hour workweek met stiff resistance.  In 1938 a revised version of Black's proposal was passed that adopted an eight-hour day and a forty-hour workweek. It allowed workers to earn wages for an extra four hours of overtime as well. According to the act, workers must be paid minimum wage and overtime pay must be one-and-a-half times regular pay. Children under eighteen cannot do certain dangerous jobs. Also children under the age of sixteen cannot work during school hours. There were 700,000 workers affected by the FLSA. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt called it the most important piece of New Deal legislation passed since the Social Security Act of 1935.

Related pages 

 Equal Pay Act of 1963
 United States Department of Labor
 United States Women's Bureau

References

Other websites 

 Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938: Maximum Struggle for a Minimum Wage 
 The Fair Labor Standards Act Of 1938, As Amended

United States federal legislation
20th century in law
1938 in North America
1930s in the United States
The Wage Stabilization Board (WSB) was an independent agency of the United States government. Its function was to make wage control policy recommendations. The WSB would then implement such wage controls as were approved. There were two agencies with the same name.  The first, the National Wage Stabilization Board, was the successor to the National War Labor Board. It existed from January 1, 1946, to February 24, 1947.  The second, the Wage Stabilization Board, was a part of the Office of Defense Mobilization. It existed from September 9, 1950, to February 6, 1953.

The Korean War broke out on June 25, 1950. There was an initial surge of inflation in the American economy. But soon Truman's war mobilization effort began to achieve some success in stabilizing the economy.

References

Other websites 

 Executive Order 9672 - Establishing the National Wage Stabilization Board 

United States federal legislation
1946 establishments in the United States
1947 disestablishments in the United States
1950 establishments in the United States
1950s disestablishments in the United States
Altar Alfonse "Al" Greene (November 9, 1954 – February 18, 2014) was an American baseball outfielder. He played in the Major League Baseball (MLB) for Detroit Tigers during 1979. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.

Greene died on February 18, 2014 in his hometown of Detroit, Michigan. He was aged 59.

References

Other websites
 

1954 births
2014 deaths
Sportspeople from Detroit, Michigan
African-American basketball players
Detroit Tigers players
William Erwin "Will" Eisner (March 6, 1917 – January 3, 2005) was an American cartoonist. His comic strip The Spirit was one of the most popular and influential in the history of comic strips. Eisner is thought to be one of the most famous cartoonist. He has an award named after him, the Will Eisner Award for the best in comics.

Eisner died in Fort Lauderdale, Florida from heart surgery complications. He was 87 years old.

References

Other websites

 "Interview with Jerry Iger" , Cubic Zirconia Reader, 1985. WebCitation archive
 Eisner, William at the Social Security Death Index via Familsearch.org. Retrieved on February 25, 2013.
 Archive of Heintjes, Tom. , AdventureStrips.com, n.d..
 Fitzgerald, Paul E. "Every Picture Tells A Story: His Pen and Wit Sharper Than Ever, Graphic Novelist Will Eisner Takes On Religious Intolerance", The Washington Post, June 3, 2004. WebCitation archive.
 Robinson, Tasha. "Interview: Will Eisner" , The A.V. Club / The Onion, September 27, 2000. WebCitation archive.

1922 births
2000 deaths
American cartoonists
Deaths from surgical complications
Writers from New York City
American comics artists
American Jews
American military personnel of World War II
Joseph Shuster (July 10, 1914 – July 30, 1992) was a Canadian-American cartoonist. Shuster along with Jerry Siegel created Superman. It proved one of the most popular and influential comic book hero in comic book history.

Shuster died of a heart failure and hypertension in Los Angeles, California, aged 78.

Creating Superman 
Schuster and Siegel created a bald telepathic villain, willing world domination, as the protagonist of the short story The Reign of Superman, published in Siegel's 1933 science fiction Science Fiction № 3. The character was not successful, and Siegel found a more familiar hero. Schuster modeled the character on Douglas Fairbanks, and his alter ego in glasses, Clark Kent, a combination of Harold Lloyd and Schuster himself, and the name "Clark Kent" comes from the stars of the films Clark Gable and Kent Taylor. Lois Lane was modeled after Joanna Carter, who was Joe's friend before she became Siegel's wife.

Then Siegel and Schuster began a six-year search for a publisher. They called the project The Superman and brought it to Consolidated Book Publishing, which published a 48-page black-and-white comic book called "Detective Dan: Secret Operative" № 48, but after that this cooperation finished. Schuster took this to heart and burned every page of the story, only the cover was saved. Siegel and Schuster compared this character to Slam Bradley, an adventurer the couple created for Detective Comics № 1 (March, 1937). In 1938, editor Vin Sullivan chose it as a cover feature for National Action Comics №1 (June, 1938). The following year, Siegel and Schuster initiated a series of Superman comics.

Then Siegel and Schuster sold the company's rights to $130 and a contract to supply to the publisher of Action Comics.

Siegel and Schuster's status as children of Jewish immigrants is also believed to have an influence on their work. Timothy Aaron Pevey claimed that they had created "a figure whose desire was to fit into American culture as an American," which Pevey felt was an important aspect of the American personality.

When Superman first appeared, Clark Kent's Superman alter ego worked for the Daily Star, named Schuster after the Toronto Daily Star, his former employer in Toronto. Schuster said that he modeled the urban landscape of Superman's hometown of Metropolis from his old hometown. When the comic strip became international, the company was finally renamed the Daily Planet.

References

Other websites

Comic Art & Graffix Gallery – Artist Biography
Additional, Aug 13, 2008.

1914 births
1992 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American comics artists
American cartoonists
Writers from Ontario
People from Toronto
Ukrainian Americans
Saim Bülend Ulusu (24 April 1923 – 23 December 2015) was a Turkish admiral. He was Prime Minister of Turkey serving from September 21, 1980 through December 13, 1983. He was succeeded by future Turkish president Turgut Özal.

References

1923 births
2015 deaths
Admirals
People from Istanbul
Prime Ministers of Turkey
Turkish military people
Sir Ninian Martin Stephen, (15 June 1923 – 29 October 2017) was an Australian jurist, civil servant, and politician. He served as the 20th Governor-General of Australia and as a Justice in the High Court of Australia.

Stephen died in Melbourne on 29 October 2017, aged 94.

References

Other websites
 Supreme Court of Victoria Website
 The Bob Hawke Prime Ministerial Centre website 

1923 births
2017 deaths
Australian Governors-General
Australian judges
Civil servants
People from Oxfordshire
Jamshid Amouzegar  (25 June 1923 – 27 September 2016) was an Iranian economist, artist and politician. He was the prime minister of Iran from 7 August 1977 to 27 August 1978 when he resigned. Before that, he served as the minister of interior and minister of finance in the cabinet of Amir-Abbas Hoveida. He was the leader of Rastakhiz Party during his tenure as prime minister.

Amouzegar was born on 25 June 1923 in Tehran, Iran. He graduated  from Tehran University with degrees in law and engineering. Then he attended Cornell University and received a PhD. He died on 27 September 2016 in Rockville, Maryland, aged 93.

References

Other websites

 'Alí Rizā Awsatí (عليرضا اوسطى), Iran in the Past Three Centuries (Irān dar Se Qarn-e Goz̲ashteh - ايران در سه قرن گذشته), Volume 2 (Paktāb Publishing - انتشارات پاکتاب, Tehran, Iran, 2003). .
 Qajar (Kadjar) Orders and Decorations

1923 births
2016 deaths
People from Tehran
Prime Ministers of Iran
Seán Treacy (22 September 1923 – 23 March 2018) was a former Irish politician. He was the Ceann Comhairle (chairman) of Dáil Éireann from 1973 to 1977 and from 1987 to 1997.

He was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1981 to 1984, replacing Eileen Desmond who resigned as an MEP when she was appointed Minister for Health and Social Welfare.

Treacy died on 23 March 2018 in Clonmel, Ireland at the age of 94.

References

Other websites
European Parliament profile

1923 births
2018 deaths
Former members of Dáil Éireann
Former MEPs
MEPs for Ireland
The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa. It was formed on 4 May 1843 after the British government had annexed the independent 1839 Boer Republic of Natalia. In the 1860s many workers from British India came to live in Natal. On 31 May 1910, it unified with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa. It now forms the larger province of KwaZulu-Natal of the Republic of South Africa.

References 

1843 establishments

1910s disestablishments in South Africa
19th-century establishments in South Africa
1840s establishments in the United Kingdom
20th-century disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1910s disestablishments in Europe
1840s establishments in Africa
was a Japanese politician. He was the 74th Prime Minister of Japan from 6 November 1987 to 3 June 1989.

Takeshita died on 19 June 2000 in Tokyo, Japan from respiratory failure, aged 76.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2000 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Prime Ministers of Japan
People from Shimane Prefecture
Waseda University alumni
was a Japanese politician. He was the 75th Prime Minister of Japan from 3 June 1989 to 10 August 1989.

Uno's main action as prime minister was to increase consumption tax, which caused an uproar among many voters and led to the Japan Socialist Party's victory in the Tokyo metropolitan legislative election of 1989. Uno's government was also hurt his actions. It was also effected from the Recruit Scandal of 1988. Uno assumed office on 3 June 1989. He would soon resign two months later because of a sex scandal accusation.

Uno died on 19 May 1998 in Moriyama, Shiga, Japan from pneumonia, aged 75.

Other websites

West, Mark D. 2006: Secrets, Sex, and Spectacle: The Rules of Scandal in Japan and the United States. 368 p.  Chicago University Press 

1922 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Prime Ministers of Japan
People from Shiga Prefecture
was a Japanese politician. He was the 76th and 77th Prime Minister of Japan from 1989 to 1991.

Kaifu died on 9 January 2022, a week after his 91st birthday at a Tokyo hospital from pneumonia. Norio Kaifu and Makoto Kobayashi are his brothers.

References

Other websites

1931 births
2022 deaths
Prime Ministers of Japan
People from Aichi Prefecture
Deaths from pneumonia
was a Japanese politician. He was the 80th Prime Minister of Japan for 9 weeks in 1994. He was a member of the lower house representing Nagano 3rd district. He was elected 14 times, retiring in 2012.

Hata died on 28 August 2017 in Tokyo at the age of 82.

References

Other websites
 Sanger, David E. "Man in the News; Cautious Leader in Japan: Tsutomu Hata." The New York Times. April 23, 1994.
 

1935 births
2017 deaths
Prime Ministers of Japan
Politicians from Tokyo
Deputy Prime Ministers of Japan
was a Japanese politician. He was the 82nd and 83rd Prime Minister of Japan from 11 January 1996 to 30 July 1998. He was the leader of one of the largest factions within the ruling LDP.  

Hashimoto died on 1 July 2006 in Tokyo, Japan from complication after abdominal surgery, aged 68.

References

Other websites

  Reuters. (July 1, 2006). Former Japan PM Hashimoto dies at 68. In Chinadaily.com. Retrieved on July 23, 2006.
  Water Voices from Around The World. (October 17, 2007). Hashimoto's letter addressed To People of the World.
 Junichiro Koizumi. August 8, 2006. Memorial Address at the Joint Memorial Service by the Cabinet and Liberal Democratic Party for the Late Ryutaro Hashimoto.  Retrieved on February 9, 2007.

1937 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Prime Ministers of Japan
People from Okayama Prefecture
Deputy Prime Ministers of Japan
Keio University alumni
was a Japanese politician. He served in the House of Representatives for twelve terms. He became the 84th Prime Minister of Japan from 30 July 1998 to 5 April 2000. His political career ended when he suffered a serious stroke and slipped into a coma.

Obuchi died on 14 May 2000 at the age of 62 in Tokyo from complications of a stroke.

References

Other websites

1937 births
2000 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Disease-related deaths in Japan
Prime Ministers of Japan
People from Gunma Prefecture
Kenneth David Kaunda (28 April 1924 – 17 June 2021), also known as KK, was a Zambian politician and teacher. He first served as the first President of Zambia from 1964 to 1991. He was also Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement from September 1970 to September 1973.

Kaunda died on 17 June 2021 at a hospital in Lusaka, Zambia from pneumonia at the age of 97.

References

More readings
"Kaunda, Kenneth."Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica Online. URL:http://search.eb.com/eb/article-3849 Accessed 19 May 2006.
Fergus Macpherson, Kenneth Kaunda: The Times and the Man (1974)
Richard Hall, The High Price of Principles: Kaunda and the White South (1969)
David C. Mulford, Zambia: The Politics of Independence, 1957–1964 (1967)
At Ipenburg, 'All Good Men.' The Development of Lubwa Mission, Chinsali, Zambia, 1905–1967 (1992)

Other websites

1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia
 Kaunda on the non-aligned movement
Kaunda on Mugabe

1924 births
2021 deaths
Presidents of Zambia
Teachers
Deaths from pneumonia
Jaime Ramón Lusinchi (27 May 1924 – 21 May 2014) was a politician of Venezuela. He was the President of Venezuela from 1984 to 1989.

Early life
Lusinchi was born in Clarines, Anzoátegui, on 27 May 1924. He studied at Central University of Venezuela.

Career
He became president in 1984. When he was president, Venezuela was through an economic crisis, growth of the external debt, populist policies, currency depreciation, inflation and corruption that exacerbated the crisis of the political system established in 1958.

Accused of corruption after leaving office, Lusinchi was popular during his presidency, and was succeeded by a member of his party, Carlos Andrés Pérez.

Personal life
Lusinchi divorced his first wife Gladys Castillo. He then married Blanca Ibanez. He lived in Caracas, Venezuela.

Death
Lusinchi died in Caracas, Venezuela from respiratory failure, aged 89.

References

Other websites

  Jaime Lusinchi  — Official biography.
  Jaime Lusinchi  — Venezuelatuya.com
  Extended bio by CIDOB Foundation
  Efemérides Venezolanas - Jaime Lusinchi 

1924 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Venezuela
Presidents of Venezuela
György Lázár (15 September 1924 – 2 October 2014) was a former Hungarian Communist politician. He served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1975 to 1987. He retired in 1988.

Lázár died on 2 October 2014 in Budapest, Hungary, aged 90. His death was announced on 30 October 2014.

References

Other websites

 Bölöny, József – Hubai, László: Magyarország kormányai 1848–2004 [Cabinets of Hungary 1848–2004], Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 2004 (5th edition).
 Ezenanapon: Lázár György 
 Hungarian History, glossary, 1968–1990  

1924 births
2014 deaths
Prime Ministers of Hungary
Communists
Alphons Egli (8 October 1924 – 5 August 2016) was a Swiss politician. He was a member of the Swiss Federal Council (1983–1986).

He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 8 December 1982 and handed over office on 31 December 1986. He had connections to the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. He was also President of the Confederation in 1986.

Egli was a citizen of Entlebuch and Lucerne.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2016 deaths
Presidents of the Swiss Confederation
People from Lucerne
Lubomír Štrougal (born October 19, 1924 in Veselí nad Lužnicí) is a former Czech politician. He was a communist. He served as Prime minister of Czechoslovakia from 28 January 1970 to 12 October 1988.

Other websites

 Štrougal’s biography on the website of the Czech Government 

1924 births
Living people
Communists
Prime Ministers of Czechoslovakia
Eino Uusitalo (born 1 December 1924, in Soini) is a Finnish politician from the Centre Party. Uusitalo studied to be an agronomist. He was a member of the parliament from 1955 to 1983 from the list of Centre Party. He was also Deputy Prime Minister.

Uusitalo is remembered mostly because of his proposition to declare 19 September as a second independence day of Finland. That date is the day of Moscow Armistice 1944. Uusitalo was fighting in the Continuation War 1942-1944 in Metsäpirtti, Karelian Isthmus.

References

1924 births
Living people
Finnish politicians
Prime ministers
Eino Leino (6 July 1878 – 10 January 1926) was a Finnish poet and journalist. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of Finnish poetry. 

His poems combine modern and Finnish folk elements. The style of much of his work is like the Kalevala and folk songs. He was known for writing about love, sadness, and about nature.

References

Other websites

1878 births
1926 deaths
Finnish people
Poets
Journalists
Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL, KE (; 7 December 1924 – 7 January 2017) was a Portuguese politician. He served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985. He was President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.

Other websites

 Fundação Mário Soares
 Soares' official site for the Portuguese elections of 2006 

1924 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Prime Ministers of Portugal
Presidents of Portugal
Portuguese lawyers
Portuguese educators
Historians
Atheists
People from Lisbon
The United States Women's Bureau (WB) is an agency of the United States government. It is a part of the United States Department of Labor.  The Woman's Bureau was established by Congress in 1920. It is the only federal agency mandated to represent the needs of women wage earners in the public policy process. The Director is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. He or she is supported by a staff in the national office as well as ten regional offices.

History

In 1918 President Woodrow Wilson created Woman in Industry Service. It was the predecessor of the more permanent Women's Bureau which was founded in 1920. The agency was founded by an act of Congress. The first director was Mary Anderson. She had been the assistant director of the Woman in Industry Service. She remained the director through World War II. In 1922, the WB investigated and reported on the conditions facing 'negro women in industry.' The WB successfully advocated for the inclusion of women under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. By 1942 shortages of manpower and efforts by woman's advocate groups such as the Women's Bureau saw the female labor force go up from 12 to 18 million. Their wages doubled and even tripled during the war. But after the war the difference between woman's and men's working wages returned. In the 1950s, the Woman's Board focused on 'older women as office workers.' The WB played a large role in the passage of the Equal Pay Act of 1963. In 1982, the Woman's Board started a major initiative to encourage employer-sponsored childcare. This was followed by the start of a multimedia Work and Family Clearinghouse in 1989. they also worked for the passage of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. In 1996, the Woman's Board published a fact sheet on the workplace effects of domestic violence.

Related pages 

 United States Department of Labor
 Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
 Equal Pay Act of 1963

References

Other websites 

 US Department of Labor; Woman's Bureau

1920 establishments in the United States
United States Department of Labor
The black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) is a species of caiman. It is the largest living member of the Alligatoridae family. It lives along slow-moving rivers, lakes and wetlands in the Amazon Basin of South America. The black caiman has very dark skin. It can grow up to  in length.

Crocodilia
Kenneth Alfred Ham (born 20 October 1951) is an Australian young-Earth creationist. He is the president of Answers in Genesis (AiG). Ham is also the founder of the Creation Museum in Petersburg, Kentucky, United States. He is a former high school science teacher.

Career 
Ham was born on 20 October 1951 in Cairns, Queensland. His father was a Christian educator who settled his family in Brisbane, working as a school principal. Ham earned a Bachelor of Applied Science degree from Queensland Institute of Technology.  He also earned a diploma in Education from the University of Queensland.

Bill Nye debate 

On 4 February 2014, at the Creation Museum, Ham debated Bill Nye (also known as "Bill Nye the Science Guy"). The topic was the question "Is Creation A Viable Model of Origins?". The televised event drew over three million viewers. Ham's position was the world was created about 6,000 years ago. He also defended his position that all animals alive today descend from those aboard Noah's Ark. Nye argued that radioisotopic and ice core data shows that Earth has existed for much longer than 6,000 years. He also added that using the Bible's description of the Ark it could not float. A number of experts were critical of the debate saying that it did not discuss important areas. At least one said neither did very well. An informal viewer's poll showed 92% thought Nye won the debate. However, "Debate is a tool for showing who's a better orator, not necessarily who's right. And Ken Ham is no mean orator, usually," noted the National Center for Science Education, a not-for-profit membership organization that defends the teaching of evolution and climate science."

Quote 
Ham said of his father:

Personal life 
He married Marylin "Mally" on 30 December 1972. They have five children together. The Ham couple live in unincorporated Boone County, Kentucky.

References

Other websites

 

1951 births
Living people
Australian activists
Australian Christians
Australian educators
Baptists
Christian writers
Creationists
People from Cairns, Queensland
Writers from Queensland
Jim Lange (August 15, 1932 – February 25, 2014) was an American game show host and disc jockey. He was best known to radio listeners for his work as an announcer on stations in California. He was best known to television viewers as the host of The Dating Game. He was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

Lange died from a heart attack on February 25, 2014 at his home in Mill Valley, California. He was aged 81. He was survived by his wife of over 35 years, Nancy Fleming, who won the Miss America crown in 1961.

References

Other websites
 

1932 births
2014 deaths
American game show hosts
American radio personalities
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Colin Andrew Mochrie (; born November 30, 1957) is a Scottish-Canadian actor, comedian and writer. He is best known for his work as a regular on both the British and American versions of the improvisational comedy television show Whose Line Is It Anyway?.

Mochrie was born in Kilmarnock, Scotland. In 1964, he moved with his family to Canada. He first moved to Montreal, Quebec and finally Vancouver, British Columbia.

References

Other websites

 

1957 births
Living people
Actors from Montreal
Actors from British Columbia
British stand-up comedians
Scottish television actors
Scottish movie actors
Scottish writers
Canadian comedians
Canadian television actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian writers
Jan Hoet (23 June 1936 – 27 February 2014) was a Belgian art critic and curator. He was the founder of Stedelijk Museum voor Actuele Kunst (SMAK; ).

He was born in Leuven. On 17 June 2012, he collapsed at the airport in Hamburg, Germany after having a heart attack. On 23 June 2012, Hoet suffered from hypercapnia and he was being held in a coma at the hospital of Soltau, Germany. He soon returned to Ghent.

Hoet suffered a second heart attack in January 2014. He died at a hospital in Ghent on February 27, 2014. He was aged 77.

References

Other websites
 

1936 births
2014 deaths
Art critics
Belgian nobility
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Belgium
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from Flemish Brabant
Fryazino is a scientific town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is about 25 miles northeast of the city of Moscow. The population is about 55,369. 

Fryazino is an electronics center. Merloni Electrodomestici of Italy has facilities in Fryazino that make electric stoves and washing machines. Currently, however, a large part of the population of Fryazino works in Moscow. 

The first school was opened in Fryazino in 1912. There are seven schools, including five secondary and gymnasiums in the town now. By the end of 1980, 20% of the population of Fryazino had a higher education.

Notes

References 

Cities in Russia
Seth Adam Meyers (born December 28, 1973) is an American actor, voice actor, screenwriter, producer, television host and comedian. He is best known for hosting NBC's Saturday Night Live news parody segment Weekend Update and the NBC talk show Late Night with Seth Meyers. The latter program premiered on February 24, 2014.

Meyers was born in Evanston, Illinois to  Hillary and Lawrence Meyers. in 1996 he graduated from Northwestern University. After college he and his brother Josh moved to Amsterdam. They joined a comedy improv group called Boom Chicago. In 2001 he auditioned for producer Lorne Michaels of Saturday Night Live and joined the cast that same year.

References

Other websites

 

1973 births
Living people
People from Evanston, Illinois
Actors from Illinois
Comedians from Illinois
Writers from Illinois
Actors from New Hampshire
Writers from New Hampshire
American stand-up comedians
Jewish American actors
American television actors
American movie actors
American television personalities
Screenwriters from Illinois
American movie producers
American voice actors
Comedians from New Hampshire
Neil deGrasse Tyson (; born October 5, 1958) is an American astrophysicist, author, and science communicator. He is currently the Frederick P. Rose Director of the Hayden Planetarium at the Rose Center for Earth and Space and a research associate in the department of astrophysics at the American Museum of Natural History.

Tyson was born in the borough Manhattan of New York City, New York. He graduated from The Bronx High School of Science. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Physics from Harvard University. He earned his doctorate degree in Astrophysics from Columbia University. He lives in Lower Manhattan with his wife and two children.

In December 2018, Tyson was accused on sexual misconduct by many female former students. He said that the allegations were not true, but Fox and National Geographic announced that they would launch an investigation into the matter.

Related pages
List of astrophysicists

References

Other websites

 

1958 births
Living people
Scientists from New York City
American academics
American astrophysicists
Educators from New York City
American agnostics
American activists
People from the Bronx
An intelligence agency is a government agency. Its job is to collect, analyse, and use information to support its government. 

There are two parts to this, and usually they are done by separate agencies. The first part is to collect information (to "spy") on other countries. The other side is to watch people in the home country who might cause problems. A third activity is to defend against foreign intelligence agencies in the home country. This is called counter-intelligence, and is often done by a separate agency.

What the agencies discover is called "intelligence". It may be used to help law enforcement, security, defence and foreign policy.  

The methods of information gathering are sometimes covert (hidden) and sometimes quite open. A covert method might be to steal and copy secret documents. An open method would be to read all published work on some important matter, and analyse it. Much important material is published openly in democratic countries.

To get hold of secret information, these organisations use espionage, intercept signals (tap phones, hack computers), cryptanalysis (break codes), and think about what the information means. Putting together and communicating information is known as intelligence analysis and assessment.

Some agencies have been involved in assassination, arms trafficking, coups d'état, and the placement of misinformation (propaganda) as well as other covert operations, in order to support their own or their governments' interests.

Examples

British 
SIS The Secret Intelligence Service, usually called MI6. Collects intelligence ("spies on") from other countries.
The Security Service, usually called MI5. Does counter-intelligence against foreign threats.
GCHQ Government Communication Headquarters. Intercepts signals, decodes them, passes the information on to other agencies. The home of cryptanalysis, the successor to Bletchley Park. 
Joint Intelligence Committee. Informs government as to what is going on.

U.S.A. 
The United States has about 17 major intelligence groups, and many other smaller groups. These are the most important:
CIA: The Central Intelligence Agency. Spies on foreign countries, and takes covert action against enemies of the U.S. abroad.
Defense Intelligence Agency
Homeland Security acts against terrorism inside the United States, and helps when natural disasters occur.
United States Intelligence Community is the coordinating group for government intelligence agencies, headed by the Director of National Intelligence.

References
The Tana River ( or ; ; ), is a  river, and it is the border between Norway and Finland for . The river is in Sápmi area of northern Fenno-Scandinavia, sometimes called Scandinavia.  The river flows through Finnmark county, Norway and the Lapland region of Finland. The Sámi name means "Great River". The main tributaries of Tana are Anarjohka and Karasjohka rivers. It is one of the world's most important rivers for Atlantic salmon reproduction.

Related pages 
 Atlantic salmon

References

Other websites 

 The Tana River Delta Website 
 Salmon - king of the major rivers (Teno) 

Rivers of Finland
Rivers of Europe
Alexander Salák (born January 5, 1987) is a Czech ice hockey goaltender. He currently plays for SKA Saint Petersburg in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Career
Salák started his career playing in the SM-liiga with the TPS Turku. He played there for 2 seasons and was signed by the Florida Panthers of the NHL on May 29, 2009. He played two games with the Panthers and was sent down to their AHL affiliate, the Rochester Americans. Salák was loaned to Färjestads BK of the Swedish Elite League (SEL) to play in the 2010-11 season.

On February 9, 2011, the Panthers traded Salák along with Michael Frolík to the Chicago Blackhawks for Jack Skille, Hugh Jessiman, and David Pacan. The Blackhawks signed him to a two-year contract on May 31, 2011. The Blackhawks released him from his contract on June 18, 2012.

References

Other websites

1987 births
American Hockey League players
Czech ice hockey goaltenders
Florida Panthers players
Living people
Swedish Hockey League players
The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a fish in the family Salmonidae. Atlantic salmon are found in the northern Atlantic Ocean and in rivers that flow into the north Atlantic. They have also been successfully transplanted into the north Pacific Ocean. Other names for Atlantic salmon are: bay salmon, black salmon, caplin-scull salmon, Sebago salmon, silver salmon, fiddler, or outside salmon. Atlantic salmon that don't journey to sea are known as landlocked salmon or ouananiche. This can be due to human interference or natural disasters.

Life cycle 

Most Atlantic salmon follow an anadromous life cycle. Once hatched, they are called alevins. They live off the nutrients in their yolk sac they were born with. Once they start feeding they are called fry. They grow into juveniles or parr and remain in fresh water for a number of years while growing. When they leave fresh water they are called smolts. Smolts leave the streams and move into the ocean for feeding and growth. The post-smolts change from territorial behavior to that of open ocean, possibly shoaling, fish. Their mortality rate while in the ocean is very high. The rate is from 90% to as high as 99%. After 1–5 years at sea they return to spawn in the same streams they were born in. Unlike most Pacific varieties Atlantic salmon are iteroparous meaning they don't automatically die after their first spawning. But the stress of spawning, predators, exhaustion or disease does kill many. The remainder return to sea to spawn again and again.

There is variety in the life cycle of Atlantic salmon. They do not require salt water. Numerous examples of fully fresh water landlocked Atlantic salmon exist throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In North America, the landlocked fish are called ouananiche. Fresh water Atlantic salmon are smaller than the anadromous (ocean-dwelling) Atlantic salmon.

Related pages 
 Salmon
 Tana River (Norway)

Notes

References 

Ray-finned fish
Huber Matos Benítez (26 November 1918 – 27 February 2014) was a Cuban dissident activist and writer from Yara, Granma Province.

He was best known as a revolutionary who assisted Fidel Castro, Che Guevara and other members of the 26th of July Movement (M-26-7) in removing the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista as part of the Cuban Revolution. He was against Batista since the general's effective coup in 1952, which he called unconstitutional, but became more critical of the movement's shift towards Marxist principles, and closing ties with leaders of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC). He was convicted of "treason and sedition" by the new Castro regime. He would spend 20 years in prison (1959–1979) before being released in 1979.

After his release, he spent his time between Miami, Florida, United States and Costa Rica. He was politically active in speaking out against the Cuban government.

Matos died from a heart attack on 27 February 2014 in Miami, Florida. He was aged 95.

References

Other websites

 

1918 births
2014 deaths
Activists
Anti-Communists
Prisoners
Cuban writers
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Non-Stop is a 2014 French-American action thriller/mystery movie directed by Jaume Collet-Serra. It was produced by Joel Silver. It stars Liam Neeson and Julianne Moore. It will be released on February 28, 2014.

2014 action movies
2014 thriller movies
2010s action thriller movies
2014 mystery movies
American action thriller movies
American mystery movies
English-language movies
French action movies
French thriller movies
Canadian thriller movies
Movies directed by Jaume Collet-Serra
Ghostbusters is an American supernatural comedy movie directed by Ivan Reitman. It is about people fighting ghosts in New York City. It was written by Dan Aykroyd and Harold Ramis. It stars Bill Murray, Dan Aykroyd, Harold Ramis, Sigourney Weaver, Annie Potts, William Atherton, Ernie Hudson and Rick Moranis. The music was composed by Elmer Bernstein. It was released on June 8, 1984. The movie earned $229 million at the box office and received mostly positive reviews. It was followed by Ghostbusters II.

Release dates 

1984 comedy movies
1980s fantasy movies
1980s ghost movies
1980s monster movies
1980s American comedy movies
American fantasy movies
American ghost movies
American monster movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Ivan Reitman
Movies set in New York City
Ghostbusters movies