cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Elżbieta Justyna Czyżewska (May 14, 1938 – June 17, 2010) was a Polish actress. She was active in both Poland and the United States. She was known for her role in The Saragossa Manuscript (1964).

She died on June 17, 2010 in Manhattan, New York City at the age of 72 from esophageal cancer.

References

Other websites
 
 Official website
 Polish film database
 Elżbieta Czyżewska biodata 
 Elżbieta Czyżewska  at Culture.pl

1938 births
2010 deaths
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Entertainers from Warsaw
Polish movie actors
Polish television actors
Georg Friedrich Graf von Hertling (31 August 1843 – 4 January 1919) was a Bavarian politician. He served as Minister-President of Bavaria 1912–1917 and then as Minister-President of Prussia and Chancellor of the German Empire from 1917 to 1918. 

1843 births
1919 deaths
Chancellors of the German Empire
German nobility
German people of World War I
Members of the Reichstag (German Empire)
Ministers-President of Bavaria
Prime Ministers of Prussia
People from Darmstadt
Politicians from Hesse
Randall Stout (May 6, 1958 – July 11, 2014) was an American architect.

Stout was born in Knoxville, Tennessee.

His best known works were the Hunter Museum of American Art in Chattanooga, Tennessee, the Taubman Museum of Art in Roanoke, Virginia, and the Abroms-Engel Institute for the Visual Arts in Birmingham, Alabama.

Stout died from renal cell carcinoma in Los Angeles, California, aged 56.

References

1958 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from kidney cancer
American architects
People from Knoxville, Tennessee
The John Seigenthaler Pedestrian Bridge (previously called the Shelby Street Bridge or Shelby Avenue Bridge) is a truss bridge that spans the Cumberland River in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It was originally opened on July 5, 1909, and was reopened as a pedestrian bridge on August 3, 2003. The bridge spans 960 m (3,150 ft) and is one of the longest pedestrian bridges in the world.

It was originally named the Shelby Street Bridge, but was renamed in April 2014 in honor of John Seigenthaler.

References

Other websites

John Seigenthaler Pedestrian Bridge

Buildings and structures in Tennessee
Bridges in the United States
Nashville, Tennessee
1909 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Tennessee
Shelbyville is a city in Bedford County, Tennessee, United States. It had a population of 20,335 residents at the 2010 census.

References

Cities in Tennessee
County seats in Tennessee
Parakeet is a name for any small to medium sized species of parrot, often with long tail feathers. Basically, it is a common term for a small parrot. Another term used in America for parakeets is conure.

Parakeets breed better in groups, but are usually fine breeding in pairs. Having other parakeets encourages a pair to breed, which is why breeding in groups is more successful. However, many breeders choose to breed in pairs because that way they know which parents produced any given birds. If the parakeet does lay eggs, it produces about six to eight.
A conure is a term referred in aviculture to 2 genuses of parrot, Pyrrhura and Aratinga. As they're not actual parakeets, they can be dubbed as conures. 

Conures are in the Psittacidae family (neotropical parrots). They're range goes to upper Brazil to southern Argentina. They can loving and affectionate pets if you take good care of them. Conures can also develop an atitute towards other humans.

Conures can grow up to 10 to 20 inches depending on the species.

Parrots
Typhoon Bopha (aka Typhoon Pablo) was a severe tropical cyclone in December 2012. It hit the Philippines. The typhoon struck Palau first. It destroyed homes and caused power outages.

The storm did a lot of damage to the Philippine island of Mindanao. Over 600 deaths were reported. 

The names Pablo and Bopha were retired because of the large number of deaths and the great destruction.

2012 disasters
2012 in Asia
2012 in weather
2010s in the Philippines
Pacific typhoons
Helix is a genus of large air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs.  

The genus Helix is known from the Oligocene onwards.
This genus is native to Europe and the regions around the Mediterranean Sea. 

The best-known species include Helix aspersa, the common, or brown garden snail, and Helix pomatia, the Roman snail, Burgundy snail, or edible snail.  H. pomatia and some other species are eaten as escargots.

Helix snails have been introduced throughout the world, where some, especially H. aspersa, have become garden pests.

Snails in this genus create and use love darts during mating.

Helix snails prefer cool, damp environments, as they easily get dry. Snails are most active at night and after rainfall. During unfavourable conditions, a snail will remain inside its shell, usually under rocks or other hiding places, to avoid being discovered by predators. In dry climates snails will naturally congregate near water sources, including artificial sources such as waste-water outlets of air conditioners.

The common garden snail (Helix aspersa) is herbivorous. These snails are able to digest most vegetation including carrots and lettuce. They also have a specialized crop of symbiotic bacteria that help their digestion, especially by breaking down the polysaccharide cellulose into simple sugars.

References 

Gastropods
Szymon Symcha Szurmiej (18 June 1923 – 16 July 2014) was a Jewish-Polish actor, director, singer, activist and theatre manager. He was the general manager of the Ester Rachel Kamińska and Ida Kamińska State Jewish Theater in Warsaw. He was also the director of the Yiddish Theater of Warsaw. He was later an activist for Jewish causes.

Szurmiej was born in Lutsk, Volhynian Voivodeship (now Ukraine). He was a member of the World Jewish Congress. He was married to actress Gołda Tencer and had four children.

Szurmiej died from natural causes on 16 July 2014 in Warsaw, aged 91.

References

Other websites

 

1923 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Jewish activists
Jewish actors
Jewish musicians
Polish filmmakers
Polish Jews
Polish movie actors
Polish singers
Polish stage actors
Polish television actors
John Ilhan (born Mustafa İlhan; 23 January 1965 – 23 October 2007) was an Australian businessman and philanthropist. He was best known as the founder and owner of Crazy John's, a mobile phone retail chain. He founded the company in 1991. In 2003, he was the richest Australian under the age of 40. After his sudden death, his wife sold the company to Vodafone.

Ilhan was born in Yozgat, Turkey to a Muslim family. His family moved to the Australian state of Victoria when he was five. He was married to Patricia and had four children.

Ilhan died from a heart attack on 23 October 2007, aged 42. He had been jogging in the Melbourne suburb of Brighton when he collapsed.

References

Other websites
 John Ilhan at Woopidoo

1965 births
2007 deaths
Australian businesspeople
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Australia
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Victoria (Australia)
Muslims
People from Melbourne
Australian philanthropists
Turkish people
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (MH17/MAS17) was a scheduled international passenger flight from Schiphol airport, Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. On 17 July 2014 the flight lost radar contact. It crashed near the village of Hrabove, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. The plane was a Boeing 777-200ER. It had 283 passengers and 15 crew members onboard at the time of the crash. All 298 people were killed.

It was suspected by Ukraine that the aircraft was shot down by a ground-to-air missile, fired by Pro-Russian separatists. Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko called it an "act of terrorism." The cause of the crash has not yet been determined by the official investigation, which is being carried out by the Dutch Safety Board. Fighting delayed investigation, but in October 2018 Dutch investigators said the plane was destroyed as a result of the explosion of a BUK missile.

Gallery

Notes

References

2014 crimes
2014 in Europe
2010s in Ukraine
 
July 2014 events
Henry Mower Rice (November 29, 1816January 15, 1894) was a fur trader, commissioner and one of the first United States Senators from Minnesota.

Early life 

Henry Rice was born on November 29, 1816, in Waitsfield, Vermont. His parents were Edmund Rice and Ellen Durkee Rice. He went to school in Detroit and Kalamazoo, Michigan. He became a sutler at Fort Atkinson, Iowa. In 1847 he negotiated a treaty with the Winnebago and Chippewa Native American tribes. In 1848 he settled in St. Paul, Minnesota. He helped negotiate the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux in 1851. This opened up parts of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River to white settlers. In 1856 Rice, as a territorial delegate, worked hard to secure Congressional land grants for the railroads in Minnesota.

Political career

Rice lobbied for the bill to establish Minnesota Territory. He was the delegate to the 33rd and 34th Congresses from March 4, 1853 to March 4, 1857. His work on the Minnesota Enabling Act, passed by Congress on Feb. 26, 1857, facilitated Minnesota's statehood.

In 1858 Rice was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate. He served from Minnesota's admittance on May 11, 1858 to March 4, 1863 in the 35th, 36th, and 37th Congresses and was not a candidate for re-election. He supported John C. Breckinridge for president in 1860.

Rice also served as a member of the board of regents of the University of Minnesota from 1851 to 1859. Rice was president of the Minnesota Historical Society. In 1865 he ran for Governor of Minnesota, but lost the election. From 1878 to 1884 he was the treasurer of Ramsey County, Minnesota. As a United States Commissioner during 1887 – 1888, he continued to negotiate treaties with the Indians. He died on January 15, 1894, while on a visit to San Antonio, Texas.

Legacy

In 1916, the state of Minnesota donated a marble statue of Rice to the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol. Rice County, Minnesota is named for him. His brother Edmund Rice served in the U.S. House of Representatives. Rice Park in St. Paul, Minnesota is named for him.

References

1816 births
1894 deaths
United States senators from Minnesota
People from Kalamazoo, Michigan
Politicians from Michigan
Club Santos Laguna S.A. de C.V. () commonly known as Santos Laguna or Santos, is a Mexican professional football club. They represent Comarca Lagunera, which includes Torreón, Gómez Palacio, and Lerdo. Santos Laguna currently plays in the Liga MX. The club started in 1982. They reached Mexico's top division in 1988 after buying the franchise belonging to the Ángeles de Puebla. They have won five league championship titles and the Apertura 2014 Copa MX.

Honours

Domestic 
Mexican Primera División/Liga MX: (6)
Invierno 1996, Verano 2001, Clausura 2008, Clausura 2012, Clausura 2015 Clausura 2018
Runner-up (5): 1993–94, Verano 2000, Bicentenario 2010, Apertura 2010, Apertura 2011

Copa MX: (1)
Apertura 2014

InterLiga: (1)
2004

International 
CONCACAF Champions League:
Runner-up (2): 2011–12, 2012–13

 Friendly 
 Copa Torreón: 1985.

 Torneo Fútbol Tres: 1994.

 Copa Corona: 2000.

 Copa Gobernador Cero Marginación (2): 2006, 2008.

 Trofeo Centenario de Torreón: 2007.

 Copa Independencia: 2007.

 Copa Xango: 2008.

 Trofeo IPN 75 Aniversario: 2011.

 Copa Centenario Real Club España: 2012.

 Trofeo Bandera Nacional: 2013.

 Trofeo IMSS 70 aniversario: 2013.

 Trofeo UANL 80 aniversario: 2013.

 Distintions and awards 

 FMF Golden Soccerball for Champion Team (2): Clausura 2008,Clausura 2012

 FMF Golden Soccerball for First place Team (2): Apertura 2007, Clausura 2012

 Fair Play FMF Golden Soccerball (1): Clausura 2005,

 Brand of the Year''' 2012

References

Mexican football clubs
Coahuila
1983 establishments in North America
1980s establishments in Mexico
Torreón () is a city in Coahuila, Mexico. In 2010, its population was 608,836 with 639,629 in the municipality. 

Torreón has a soccer team in Liga MX, Santos Laguna.

Cities in Mexico
Coahuila
1893 establishments in North America
19th-century establishments in Mexico
Nepal is divided into seven provinces. The provinces are divided into districts. The districts are divided into municipalities and rural municipalities. There are also six metropolitan city and eleven sub-metropolitan cities.

Nepal's new constitution of 2015 has divided the country into seven provinces and removed the older Zones and Development region system. The new system has mostly kept old districts the same, and made very small changes on the boundaries of a few districts.

History
Before 2017, Nepal was divided into fourdevelopment regions which were then divided into zones. The zones were again divided into districts. The districts were divided into municipalities and village development committees.

Provinces of Nepal
Nepal is divided into seven provinces.

Districts of Nepal

Seven provinces are divided into districts. There are 77 districts in Nepal.

Cities of Nepal
In Nepal, there are six metropolitan cities and eleven sub-metropolitan cities. There are 276 municipalities.

Gaupalikas (rural municipalities)
Nepal was divided into gaupalikas in 2017. In English, they are called rural municipalities. There are a total of 460 gaupalikas in Nepal.

References

Subdivisions of Nepal
The mountain communities () were created in Italy by law on 1971. Each Comunità montana is established by the Region to which it belongs and includes the municipalities that are in mountain areas and foothills. Its purpose is to promote mountain areas with specific functions and can have some municipal functions, such as waste collection.

Mountain communities exist in all regions, with the exception of Sicily, Sardinia and Trentino-Alto Adige.

Name in regional languages in Italy
In regions where there is a regional language, the mountain communities are known also with their name in that language besides the Italian name:

 In the Valle d'Aosta, the name in French is Communauté de montagne.
 In South Tyrol, the name in German is Bezirksgemeinschaft.
 In Friuli-Venezia Giulia, the Friulian name is Comunitât montane or Comunitât di mont and the Slovene name is Gorska skupnost.

References

Related pages
 Regions of Italy
 Provinces of Italy

Other websites
 The National Union of Mountain Towns and Communities - UNCEM 
  Comuniverso: le 211 Comunità montane
The Club de Fútbol Monterrey is a Mexican football club from Monterrey, Nuevo León.

The club has won 4 league titles in 1986, 2003, 2009 and 2010, a Copa México in 1991, and three straight CONCACAF Champions League tournaments in 2011, 2012 and 2013.

Honors

National
Mexican Primera División: 4
Mexico 86, Clausura 2003, Apertura 2009, Apertura 2010
Runner-up (4): 1992–93, Apertura 2004, Apertura 2005, Clausura 2012

Segunda División de México: 2
1956, 1960

Second Division Super Cup: 1
1956

Copa México: 1
1991
Runner-up (2): 1964, 1969

Campeón de Campeones: 0
Runner-up (1): 2003

InterLiga: 1
2010

Pre Pre Libertadores: 1
1998

International
CONCACAF Cup Winners' Cup: 1
1993

CONCACAF Champions League: 3
2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13

Friendly tournaments 
  2nd place Trofeo Ciudad de la Línea (Spain, 1979).
  2nd place: Ciudad de Alicante Trophy (Spain, 1979.
  2nd place: Ciudad de Jerez Trophy (Spain, 1979).
  Los Angeles Nations Cup (1): 1991.
  Copa Gobernador de Nuevo León (1): 1992.
  Subcampeón del Torneo Ría de Aveiro (Portugal): 1995.
  Subcampeón del Trofeo Ciudad de Santiago de Compostela (Spain): 1995.
  Copa Rial (Pontevedra, España) (1): 1995.
  Copa Movistar (1): 2002.
  International Challenge Cup (1): 2003.
  Torneo de Verano Miller Lite (1): 2004.
  Copa Chiapas(1): 2006.
 Trofeo Santos Laguna 25 Aniversario: 2008.
  Chicago Mayor's Cup (1): 2009.
 Copa 100 años de la UNAM: 2010.

References

Mexican football clubs
Monterrey
1945 establishments in North America
1940s establishments in Mexico
The Comunità montana Evançon ("Evançon mountain community", in French Communauté de montagne Évançon) is an association of a total of 9 comuni in the Italian region of Valle d'Aosta.

The headquarters of the mountain community are in Verrès.

Purpose
Its main purpose is to promote the development of the valleys in the preservation of their cultural and environmental heritage.

The main activities have been:
 protection of alpine pastures (or Alpine tundra)
 development of tourism

Geography
These comuni are in the eastern part of Valle d'Aosta. The Comunità is named after the Evançon river that flows through the Val d'Ayas and is a left tributary of the Dora Baltea river, which flows through the "Comunità".

The Comunità montana Evançon has a total area of about  and a population of 11,617; its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

Comuni
The following comuni are part of the Comunità:

References

Related pages
 Valle d'Aosta
 Val d'Ayas

Other websites
 The National Union of Mountain Towns and Communities - UNCEM 
  Comuniverso: le 211 Comunità montane 
  Comunità Montana dell'Evançon
  Guida Rurale della Valle d'Aosta. Comunità Montana Evançon

Italian mountain communities
Royal Sporting Club Anderlecht, usually known as Anderlecht (, , ) or RSCA (, , ), is a Belgian professional football club from Anderlecht, Brussels. They play in the Belgian Pro League. They are the most successful Belgian football team in European competitions (with 5 trophies) and Belgian Pro League (33 championship wins).

Honours

Domestic
Belgian First Division:
Winners (33): 1946–47, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1955–56, 1958–59, 1961–62, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1971–72, 1973–74, 1980–81, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1990–91, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1999–00, 2000–01, 2003–04, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14
Belgian Second Division:
Winners (2): 1923–24, 1934–35
Belgian Cup:
Winners (9): 1964–65, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1993–94, 2007–08
Belgian League Cup:
Winners (1): 1999–00
Belgian Supercup:
Winners (11): 1985, 1987, 1993, 1995, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2013
Bruges Matins:
Winners (2): 1985, 1988

International
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup:
Winners (2): 1975-76, 1977-78
UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League:
Winners (1): 1982-83
UEFA Super Cup:
Winners (2): 1976, 1978
Toulon Tournament:
Winners (1): 1967
Amsterdam Tournament:
Winners (1): 1976

References

Other websites
Official website

Belgian football clubs
Brussels-Capital Region
The Comunità montana Grand Combin (" Grand Combin mountain community", in French Communauté de montagne Grand-Combin) is an association of 11 comuni in the Italian region of Valle d'Aosta.

The Comunità is named after the Grand Combin mountain, one of the highest mountains in the Alps. Even if the mountain is completely in Switzerland, it can be seen from the two main valleys that are part of the Comunità.

Purpose
Its main purpose is to promote the development of the valleys in the preservation of their cultural and environmental heritage. The Comunità also helps with technical assistance to all the comuni of the region.

The main activities have been:
 protection of alpine pastures (or Alpine tundra)
 development of tourism

Geography
This Comunità is in the northern part of Valle d'Aosta, close to Switzerland. The comuni are in two small mountain valleys: Valle del Gran San Bernardo () and Valpelline. There is another smaller valley where is the Bionaz comuni. These three valleys form the larger system of side valleys of the Dora Baltea river.

The main rivers in the Comunità are:
 Buthier, that flows through the Valpelline valley and is  long. It joins the Dora Baltea in Aosta as a left tributary.
 Artanavaz, that flows through the Gran San Bernardo valley, is  long and is a right tributary of the Buthier.

The Comunità montana Grand Combin has a total area of about  and a population of 5,825; its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

The headquarters of the mountain community are in Gignod.

The Comunità includes the following comuni:

References

Related pages
 Valle d'Aosta

Other websites
 The National Union of Mountain Towns and Communities - UNCEM 
  Comuniverso: le 211 Comunità montane 
  Guida Rurale della Valle d'Aosta. Comunità montana Grand Combin

Italian mountain communities
The Comunità montana Grand Paradis ("Grand Paradis mountain community", in French Communauté de montagne Grand-Paradis) is an association of 13 comuni in the Italian region of Valle d'Aosta.

The Comunità is named after the Gran Paradiso mountain, a mountain in the Graian Alps between the Valle d'Aosta and Piedmont regions of north-west Italy. The Gran Paradiso mountain can be seen from the comuni of the Comunità.

Purpose
Its main purpose is to promote the development of the valleys in the preservation of their cultural and environmental heritage. The Comunità also helps with technical assistance to all the comuni of the region.

The main activities have been:
 protection of alpine pastures (or Alpine tundra)
 development of tourism

Geography
This Comunità is in the central part of Valle d'Aosta, to the west and south of Aosta, the capital city of the region. The comuni are in the central valley of the region and in other small lateral valleys: Val di Cogne, Valsavarenche, Val di Rhêmes and Valgrisenche.

The main river in the Comunità is the Dora Baltea that flows through the Comunità from east to west.

The Comunità montana Grand Paradis has a total area of about  and a population of 15,674; its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

The headquarters of the mountain community are in Villeneuve.

The Comunità includes the following comuni:

References

Related pages
 Valle d'Aosta

Other websites
 The National Union of Mountain Towns and Communities - UNCEM 
  Comuniverso: le 211 Comunità montane 
  Guida Rurale della Valle d'Aosta. Comunità Montana Comunità montana Grand Combin

Italian mountain communities
The Comunità montana Mont Emilius ("Mont Emilius mountain community" is an association of 10 comuni in the Italian region of Valle d'Aosta.

The Comunità is named after the Monte Emilius mountain, a high mountain in the Graian Alps near the city of Aosta.

Purpose
The Comunità was formed with very small communities that are at least partially in mountain regions in order to strengthen the economic development of the region and stop the rural-urban migration.

Its main purpose is to promote the development of the valleys in the preservation of their cultural and environmental heritage. The Comunità also helps with technical assistance to all the comuni of the region.

The main activities have been:
 protection of alpine pastures (or Alpine tundra)
 development of tourism

Geography
This Comunità is in the central part of Valle d'Aosta, southeast east of Aosta, the capital city of the Valle d'Aosta.

The Dora Baltea river flows through this Comunità.

The area of the Comunità montana Mont Emilius is about . The population is 22,528;, so its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

The headquarters of the mountain community are in Quart.

The Comunità includes these comuni:

References

Related pages
 Valle d'Aosta

Other websites
 The National Union of Mountain Towns and Communities - UNCEM 
  Comuniverso: le 211 Comunità montane 

Italian mountain communities
The Comunità montana Mont Rose ("Mont Rose mountain community", in French Communauté de montagne Mont-Rose) is an association of 9 comuni in the Italian region of Valle d'Aosta.

The Comunità is named after the Monte Rosa mountain, the second highest mountain in the Alps.

Purpose
Its main purpose is to promote the development of the valleys in the preservation of their cultural and environmental heritage. The Comunità also helps with technical assistance to all the comuni of the region.

The main activities have been:
 protection of alpine pastures (or Alpine tundra)
 development of tourism

Geography
This Comunità is in the southeastern part of Valle d'Aosta, to the east and south of Aosta, the capital city of the region. The comuni are in the central valley of the region and in two other small lateral valleys: Valle del Lys and Valle de Champorcher.

The main river in the Comunità is the Dora Baltea that flows through the Comunità from east to west.

The Comunità montana Mont Rose has a total area of about  and a population of 9,869; its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

The headquarters of the mountain community are in Pont-Saint-Martin.

The Comunità includes the following comuni:

References

Related pages
 Valle d'Aosta
 Valle del Lys
 Valle de Champorcher

Other websites
 The National Union of Mountain Towns and Communities - UNCEM 
  Comuniverso: le 211 Comunità montane 
  Guida Rurale della Valle d'Aosta. Comunità Montana Mont Rose - Walser, Alta Valle del Lys

Italian mountain communities
The Comunità montana Monte Cervino ("Monte Cervino mountain community", in French Communauté de montagne Mont-Cervin) is an association of 12 comuni in the Italian region of Valle d'Aosta.

The Comunità is named after the Monte Cervino mountain, a mountain in the Alps that is on the border between Switzerland and Italy. This mountain is at the northern end of the Valtournenche valley, which is part of this comunità.

Purpose
Its main purpose is to promote the development of the valleys in the preservation of their cultural and environmental heritage. The Comunità also helps with technical assistance to all the comuni of the region.

The main activities have been:
 protection of alpine pastures (or Alpine tundra)
 development of tourism

Geography
This Comunità is in the central part of Valle d'Aosta, to the east and northeast of Aosta, the capital city of the region. The comuni are in the central valley of the region and in a small lateral valley: the Valtournenche valley.

The main river in the Comunità is the Dora Baltea that flows through the Comunità from east to west.

The Marmore is a small river that flows through the Valtournenche valley and joins the Dora Baltea as a left tributary at Châtillon.

The Comunità montana Monte Cervino has a total area of about  and a population of 16,797; its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

The headquarters of the mountain community are in Châtillon.

The Comunità includes the following comuni:

References

Related pages
 Valle d'Aosta
 Valtournenche
 Matterhorn

Other websites
 The National Union of Mountain Towns and Communities - UNCEM 
  Comuniverso: le 211 Comunità montane 
  Guida Rurale della Valle d'Aosta. Comunità Montana Monte Cervino

Italian mountain communities
The Comunità montana Valdigne Mont Blanc ("Valdigne Mont Blanc mountain community", in French Communauté de montagne Valdigne - Mont-Blanc) is an association of 5 comuni in the Italian region of Valle d'Aosta.

The name of the Comunità comes from Valdigne, the upper part of the Aosta Valley in north-west Italy, and the Mont Blanc mountain, the highest mountain in the Alps that is on the border between France and Italy. The Mont Blanc is seen from the upper valley of Aosta and the other small valleys that are part of this Comunità.

Purpose
Its main purpose is to promote the development of the valleys in the preservation of their cultural and environmental heritage. The Comunità also helps with technical assistance to all the comuni of the region.

The main activities have been:
 protection of alpine pastures (or Alpine tundra)
 development of tourism

Geography
This Comunità is in the western part of Valle d'Aosta, to the west and northwest of Aosta, the capital city of the region. The comuni are in the upper central valley of the region (the Valdigne) and in a small lateral valley, the Vallon de La Thuile.

The main river in the Comunità is the upper part of the Dora Baltea river that flows through the Comunità from northeast to southwest.

The Comunità montana Valdigne Mont Blanc has a total area of about  and a population of 8,852; its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

The headquarters of the mountain community are in La Salle.

The Comunità includes the following comuni:

References

Related pages
 Valle d'Aosta
 Valdigne
 Mont Blanc

Other websites
 The National Union of Mountain Towns and Communities - UNCEM 
  Comuniverso: le 211 Comunità montane 

Italian mountain communities
The Comunità montana Walser Alta Valle del Lys ("Walser Upper Lys Valley mountain community", in French Communauté de montagne Walser Haute Vallée du Lys, in German Walser Berggemeinschaft Oberlystal) is an association of 4 comuni in the Italian region of Valle d'Aosta.

The name of the Comunità comes from the Walser people that live in the upper Lys or Gressoney valley, in the comuni Gressoney-Saint-Jean, Gressoney-La-Trinité and Issime. The Walser people came from the Swiss canton of Valais; they speak a German dialect.

Purpose

Its main purpose is to promote the development of the valleys in the preservation of their cultural and environmental heritage. The Comunità also helps with technical assistance to all the comuni of the region.

The main activities have been:
 protection of alpine pastures (or Alpine tundra);
 development of tourism;
 preservation of the Walser culture.

Geography
This Comunità is in the eastern part of Valle d'Aosta, to the east of Aosta, the capital city of the region. The comuni are in a small valley, the Lys or Gressoney valley. This small valley is lateral to the main valley of Aosta and through it flows the Lys river.

The Comunità montana Walser Alta Valle del Lys has a total area of about  and a population of 2,025; its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

The headquarters of the mountain community are in Issime.

The Comunità includes the following comuni:

References

Related pages
 Valle d'Aosta
 Lys Valley
 Walser

Other websites
 The National Union of Mountain Towns and Communities - UNCEM 
  Comuniverso: le 211 Comunità montane 
  Guida Rurale della Valle d'Aosta. Comunità Montana Mont Rose - Walser, Alta Valle del Lys

Italian mountain communities
Club Brugge Koninklijke Voetbalvereniging (), also referred to as just Club Brugge is a football club from Bruges, Belgium. It was founded in 1891 and is one of the top clubs in Belgium. Its home ground is the Jan Breydel Stadium, which has a capacity of 29,472.

References

Belgian football clubs
Bruges
1891 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Belgium
The first generation iPad is a tablet computer that is design and sold by Apple Inc. It has an Apple A4 processor and a 9.7 inch touchscreen. It can play music, send and receive email, and browse the web.

References

IPad
Tablets released in 2010s
Harold Eugene "Hal" Roach, Sr. (January 14, 1892 – November 2, 1992) was an American movie and television producer, director, and actor from the 1910s to the 1990s. He was best known today for producing the Laurel and Hardy and Our Gang (later known as The Little Rascals) movie comedy series.

Other websites

 
 Extensive list of Roach's work and publications about Roach
 The Charlie Hall Picture Archive
 Hal Roach at theluckycorner.com

1892 births
1992 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American movie actors
American centenarians
American television producers
Movie producers from New York
Movie directors from New York
Actors from New York
Special Branch is the British police force which works mostly for the security services, especially MI5. It has had various changes of name, while its function has stayed much the same.

It was formed in London in 1883. Branches were formed in Ireland (before the Republic of Ireland was founded) and later Northern Ireland. The Metropolitan Police had their own Special Branch, until it was merged with the Metropolitan Police Anti-Terrorist Branch (SO13) to form Counter Terrorism Command or SO15 in 2006.

The main function for all these branches was to collect evidence and arrest the enemies of the United Kingdom who lived on home territory. Historically, these have been the IRA (and its splinter braches), Soviet and Russian intelligence agents, and Islamic extremists and terrorists.

Special Branch has contact with the Security Service and the Home Office. They use the prefix "Detective" in front of their ranks, and are governed by the same laws as the general police. Under British law, MI5 officers are not permitted actually to lay hands on members of the public. Observations, wire taps ("lawful interception"), arrests, interrogations and preparing cases for prosecution are usually done by the Special Branch.

Special Branch have responsibility for the personal protection of (non-royal) VIPs, and are examining officers at designated ports and airports, as prescribed by the Terrorism Act 2000.

The intelligence work of Special Branch sits somewhere between that of the Security Service and that of the Metropolitan Police Anti-Terrorist Branch (SO13). It was announced, in September 2005, that the Metropolitan Police Special Branch would be merging with the Anti-Terrorism Branch of the Metropolitan Police to form a new department called Counter Terrorism Command. The new department came into being on 2 October 2006.

Most, if not all UK police services still maintain a Special Branch. Strathclyde Police had a Special Branch until it was renamed the Counter Terrorist Intelligence Section.

References 

Police
Pack is the name given to canines, which live and hunt together. That means the dog tribe, known as the Canini. It does not apply to foxes (the tribe Vulpini). Other caniforms (Caniformia) live singly or come together at mating times, with some exceptions (like the badger).

So, not all canids form packs. If they do, the size of the pack, and the social behaviour in the pack varies by species. The animals in the pack know each other. Always there is a hierarchy of dominance inside the pack. The classic case is the grey wolf. All packs are united by genetic relationship: they are family members.

One reason why some mammalian predators evolved group behaviour is that their prey lives in massive herds on grassland. The most notable predators on grassland are the wolves and jackals (caniforms) and the lions and hyaenas (feliforms). The same principle works with aquatic predators: if their prey goes in shoals or family groups, then the predators go in groups.

Related pages 
Collective animal behaviour
Herd

Ethology
Joseph Marie Albert "Joep" Lange (25 September 1954 – 17 July 2014) was a Dutch medical doctor and researcher. He mainly worked in HIV therapy. He served as the President of the International AIDS Society (IAS) from 2002 to 2004. He was also the Founding Chairman of PharmAccess Foundation until his death in 2014. The IAS has 16,000 members from 196 countries.

Lange was born in Nieuwenhagen, Limburg. He studied at the University of Amsterdam in Amsterdam.

Death
Lange, his wife and other IAS members were on board the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 when it was shot down on 17 July 2014, killing all people on board. He was 59. The flight was meant to go from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia but was shot down near Hrabove, Ukraine.  He and his wife were among the 193 Dutch citizens killed. He and the IAS members were planning to go to Melbourne, Australia for the 20th International AIDS Conference, starting on 19 July.

References

Other websites
 International AIDS Society
 PharmAccess Foundation
 Joep Lange  at The Body

1954 births
2014 deaths
Aviation deaths
Dutch academics
Dutch scientists
HIV/AIDS
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
Medical researchers
Murder victims
Dutch physicians
Villa Lidköping BK is a bandy club in Lidköping in Sweden. Established in 1934 as Villa BK, the club is named after nearby country estate Villa Giacomina. The club lost the Swedish national men's bandy championship final in the years of 1975, 1983, 2012 and 2016.

The club won its first World Cup title in October 2018. The women's team won the Swedish national championship for first time during the 2020–2021 season.

References

Other websites
Villa Lidköping BK

1934 establishments in Sweden
Bandy clubs in Sweden
Willem Johannes Witteveen (5 May 1952 – 17 July 2014) was a Dutch legal scholar, politician and political writer. He was a member of the Senate for the Labour Party from 1999 to 2007 and from 2013 until his death.

Early life and education 
Witteveen was born in Rotterdam, South Holland. His father was Johan Witteveen and he was also the great-grandson of social-democratic politician Floor Wibaut. He studied law at Leiden University. He was married and had two children.

Death 
Witteveen and his family were on board the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 when it was shot down on 17 July 2014, killing all people on board. He was 62. The flight was meant to go from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia but was shot down near Hrabove, Ukraine. Witteveen, his wife and daughter were among the 193 Dutch citizens killed. His son, Freek, was not on board.

Witteveen was a Sufi.

References

Other websites
 Bio at Parlement.com

1952 births
2014 deaths
Aviation deaths
Dutch academics
Dutch esotericists
Dutch jurists
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
Members of the Senate of the Netherlands
Murder victims
Politicians from Rotterdam
Sufis
Writers from Rotterdam
Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (also known as KAL007 and KE007) was a scheduled Korean Air Lines flight from New York City to Seoul via Anchorage. On September 1, 1983, the airliner serving the flight was shot down by a Soviet Su-15 interceptor near Moneron Island, west of Sakhalin Island, in the Sea of Japan. 

The interceptor's pilot was Major Gennadi Osipovich. All 269 passengers and crew aboard were killed, including Lawrence McDonald, representative from Georgia in the United States House of Representatives. The aircraft was en route from Anchorage to Seoul when it flew through prohibited Soviet airspace around the time of a U.S. reconnaissance mission.

Former president Richard Nixon was to have been seated next to Larry McDonald on KAL 007 but decided not to go, according to the New York Post and TASS.

The shooting of Korean Air Lines was one of the most tense moments of the Cold War. In the aftermath of the shooting, President Ronald Reagan made a presidential announcement saying that what the Soviet did was bad. Reagan was angry of what happened and changed his mind of making peace with the Soviets. 

President Reagan announced on September 16, 1983, that the Global Positioning System (GPS) would be made available for civilian use.

References

Notes

Other websites

 Soviet Air Force Transcripts , Airliners.net
 .
 .
 .
 .

1983 in Asia
Aviation disasters in the 1980s
Cold War
Disasters in the Soviet Union
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Kalix BF is a bandy club in Kalix in Sweden, founded on 2 May 1990. The club has been playing in Swedish bandy, top division Elitserien, in the 2011–12 season and then again in the 2013–14 season.

Supporters of the club often refer to it as KB. The club was founded as Kalix Nyborg BK, by merging the bandy sections of the clubs Nyborgs SK, who later has restarted a bandy section of its own, and IFK Kalix. The name "Kalix BF" was adopted on 20 June 2001.

References

Other websites
 Official website

Bandy clubs in Sweden
1990 establishments in Sweden
Emanuel Hjort is a Swedish fictional character, created by Swedish writers Anders Jacobsson and Sören Olsson for a youth book series. Upon the 2000 release, the old Bert Diaries seriues had been completed with Berts bokslut in 1999.

Emanuel is 16 years old in the first book, and thinks even more of girls than Sune and Bert. Emanuel is also interested in photographing. His mother is named Elisabeth, and his father Roger. His 23 years old big sister Emma is living in Denmark.

Books

References 

Young adult novels
The Canada women's national soccer team represents Canada in international women's soccer. It is directed by the Canadian Soccer Association. The team has played in several FIFA Women's World Cup and Olympic women's soccer tournament games. In the 2012 Summer Olympics soccer tournament, the team won third place.

women's national soccer team
Women's national football teams
The Toronto Rock is a professional lacrosse team in Toronto, Canada. It is part of the National Lacrosse League's East Division. The team was started in 1998. During the 2011 NLL season, the Toronto Rock won the league championship for the sixth time. They are tied with the Philadelphia Wings for the most league championships.

Sport in Toronto
National Lacrosse League
1998 establishments in Canada
Liam Patrick Davison (29 July 1957 – 17 July 2014) was an Australian novelist. He taught creative writing at the Chisholm Institute in Melbourne. He won awards for such as The Age Book of the Year Award and the Victorian Premier's Literary Award. He sometimes wrote reviews for The Australian newspaper.

Davison was born in Melbourne. He was married and had two children.

Davison and his wife were on board the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 when it was shot down on 17 July 2014, killing all people on board. He was 56. The flight was meant to go from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia but was shot down near Hrabove, Ukraine. He and his wife were among the 36 Australian citizens and residents killed.

References

Other websites
 Liam Davison at the Perry Middlemiss website
 Liam Davison  at Penguin Books Australia

1957 births
2014 deaths
Australian novelists
Aviation deaths
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
Murder victims
People from Melbourne
Writers from Victoria (Australia)
is a Japanese architect. He was born in Tokyo.

In 2014, Ban won the Pritzker Prize.

References

Other websites 

1957 births
Living people
Japanese architects
Pritzker Prize winners
People from Tokyo
Richard Meier (born October 12, 1934) is an American abstract artist and architect. He is known for his geometric designs and for using the color white in his buildings. A winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1984, some of his more iconic buildings include the Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art and the Getty Center in Los Angeles.

Museum 
 Museum Bisazza

References

Other websites

 Richard Meier official website

1934 births
Living people
American architects
American artists
Businesspeople from Newark, New Jersey
Pritzker Prize winners
Sequoyah was a Cherokee man. He invented a syllabary (alphabet based on syllables) for his people. Before that, they did not have an alphabet for their language.

Childhood
Sequoyah was born into the Cherokee Nation. His mother was Wut-teh. Not many people know about his early childhood. There are different stories on what happened.

Making the syllabary
Sequoyah met many white people. He was fascinated by their "talking leaves," which was their writing system on paper. He wanted to make an alphabet for Cherokees to communicate too. He began making it around 1809. First he tried to make a symbol for every word, like in Chinese. That required too much remembering. Then he tried to make one for every idea, but gave up. Finally he made one symbol for every syllable in the Cherokee language. He made a syllabary with 86 letters. Many of the letters look like English because he had an English book that he could not read.

He taught the syllabary to his daughter, Ayokeh (Ayoka). Then he tested it in front of a group of leaders. They said a word, he wrote it down, and then Ayokeh repeated them. Originally people thought it was witchcraft, but then they started liking his syllabary. Many Cherokee learned it and eventually became literate, which means they could read and write. In fact, more Cherokees could read and write better than nearby white people.

Influence
Sequoyah became a hero for giving Cherokee people a written language. Cherokee is still taught and used. There are now 85 symbols, instead of the original 86.

References

Other websites

 "Invention of the Cherokee Alphabet" , Cherokee Phoenix, 13 Aug 1828
 John B. Davis, "The Life and Work of Sequoyah", Chronicles of Oklahoma, Vol.8 (2), June 1930 , Oklahoma State University
 "Sequoyah", Tiro Typeworks
 "Sequoyah (aka George Gist)", a North Georgia Notable 
 The Cherokee Nation Official Website
 "The Official Cherokee Font"  at the Cherokee Nation Official Website

Native American people
Cherokee Nation
18th-century births
1843 deaths
The Calgary Roughnecks is a box lacrosse team in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It is part of the West Division of the National Lacrosse League. It plays its home games in Scotiabank Saddledome. The team joined the league in 2001. It has won the league championship twice, in 2004 and 2009.

Sport in Calgary
National Lacrosse League
2001 establishments in Canada
The Winnipeg Blue Bombers is a Canadian football team based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. It is part of the West Division of the Canadian Football League. The team started in 1930. It has won the league's Grey Cup championship ten times.

The team's home stadium is called Investors Group Field.

Canadian football clubs
Sport in Manitoba
1930 establishments
1930s establishments in Canada
The Montreal Alouettes is a Canadian Football League team based in Montreal, Quebec. It is part of the CFL's East Division. It has won the league's Grey Cup championship seven times, the last time in 2010.

The team plays its home games in Percival Molson Memorial Stadium.

Canadian football
Sport in Montreal
Ernst R. "Tom" Rolf (December 31, 1931 – July 14, 2014) was a Swedish-American movie editor. He worked on at least 48 movies in the space of fifty years. His best known works were Taxi Driver (1976) and The Right Stuff (1983). He and his team won an Academy Award in 1983 for Best Film Editing for The Right Stuff.

Rolf was born in Stockholm to actor parents. His father was Ernst Rolf and his mother was Norwegian-born Tutta Rolf. He moved to the United States and joined the United States Marine Corps.

Rolf died from problems caused by hip surgery on July 14, 2014 in France. He was 82.

References

Other websites
 

1931 births
2014 deaths
Academy Award winners
American movie editors
BAFTA Award winners
Deaths from surgical complications
People from Stockholm
Leopoldo Verona (24 September 1931 – 14 July 2014) was an Argentine actor. His best known movie roles were in I Need a Mother (1966), On the Beach by the Sea (1971) and La flor de la mafia (1974). He was born in Buenos Aires.

Verona died on 14 July 2014 in Buenos Aires, aged 82.

References

Other websites
 

1931 births
2014 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Argentina
Argentine movie actors
People from Buenos Aires
Argentine stage actors
Argentine television actors
Rogelio Polesello (26 July 1939 – 6 July 2014) was an Argentine painter, muralist and sculptor. He was best known for making Op art (or optical art) known in Latin America. He won two Konex Awards; one in 1982 and another in 2012. He was born in Buenos Aires.

Polesello died from a heart attack on 6 July 2014 in Buenos Aires. He was 75.

References

Other websites
 

1939 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Argentina
Painters
People from Buenos Aires
Sculptors
Manfred Wekwerth (né Weckwerth; 3 December 1929 – 16 July 2014) was a German theatre and movie director and writer. He was the director of the Berliner Ensemble theatre from 1977 to 1991. He was also an unofficial worker for East Germany's Stasi from 1965 until the reunification.

Wekwerth was born in Köthen, Saxony-Anhalt. He was married to Renate Richter until his death. They had one child.

Wekwerth died on 16 July 2014 in Berlin, aged 84.

References

Other websites

  
 

1929 births
2014 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Germany
German autobiographers
German movie directors
People from Saxony-Anhalt
German theatre directors