cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sir Elliot Belgrave, CHB, QC (born March 16, 1931), is a Barbadian politician and retired High Court Judge. He was the Acting Governor-General of Barbados from 1 November 2011 to June 30, 2017. Belgrave graduated from the universities of Cambridge (MA) and London (LLB). He is a former Director of Public Prosecutions in Barbados.  He was Judge of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeal of Barbados.  He is a Queen's Counsel.  Belgrave was awarded the Companion of Honour of Barbados for his contribution to the legal system in Barbados.

References 

1931 births
Governors-General of Barbados
Living people
The Parliament of Barbados is the national legislature of Barbados.  The Parliament is bicameral, meaning there are 2 houses. The Senate is the Upper house. The House of Assembly is the Lower house.  Parliament is in the national capital Bridgetown in Saint Michael.

Senate
The Senate is made up of twenty-one Senators and The Queen.  The Queen is represented by the Governor-General. Senators are appointed.  The term is 5 years.

House of Assembly
The House has thirty Members of Parliament (MPs).  There is also the Honourable Speaker of the House.  Members of the House are elected. The term is 5 years. The next election is due to be scheduled by January 2013.

References

Politics of Barbados
Barbados
The area code 246 is a part of the telephone numbering plan for Barbados.  Phone numbers in Barbados have 7 digits.

General
Police Force: 211, Ambulance: 511, Fire: 311
Information/Directory Assistance: 411
Operator: 0

Area codes
Barbados
The peak of Mount Hillaby is the highest point on the Eastern Caribbean island nation of Barbados.  The peak is  in the parish of Saint Andrew. It overlooks the area known as the Scotland District to the north and east.

References

Barbados
Geography of the Caribbean
Hillaby
8 out of 10 Cats is a British television comedy panel game. It began on 3 June 2005 and is shown on Channel 4. It is hosted by Jimmy Carr. Each episode has two teams, each has a captain and two celebrity guests. The captain of one team is Sean Lock. The other captain in series 1–4 is Dave Spikey; in series 5–10 it is Jason Manford; from series 11 onwards it is Jon Richardson. The 22nd series ended in January 2021.

Other websites 

2005 British television series debuts
2000s British comedy television series
2010s British comedy television series
2020s British comedy television series
British television game shows
Channel 4 comedy
English-language television programs
Panel games
Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most prevalent female endocrine health matters. PCOS is a complex and heterogeneous problem of uncertain etiology, although there is major evidence that the PCOS can be classified as a genetic health problem. This condition produces symptoms in between five percent to ten percent of females during the reproducing ages. Problems include although are not limited to hormones resulting in acne, hirsutism, resistance to insulin (which then results in diabetes mellitus, in particular Type 2 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes of adults), overweight and (in some women) high cholesterol levels. The symptoms and severity vary greatly among affected women.
Treatments include weight reduction, low-dose oral contraceptive pills, medroxyprogesterone and spironolactone. Clomiphene can be used as the treatment for those women who wish to get pregnant.

Symptoms of PCOS 
Symptoms of PCOS vary from woman to woman. Some common symptoms of PCOS are:

 Menstrual problems – PCOD mainly causes oligomenorrhea (less than nine periods in a year) or amenorrhea (no periods for 3 or more consecutive months). However, other problems related to menstruation can also occur.
 Infertility – This is usually due to lack or lack of frequent ovulation.
 Male pattern baldness – The hair on the scalp becomes very thin and may fall out.
 Weight gain
 Metabolic disorder
 High levels of masculinizing hormone
 Irregular periods

References

Related Read 

 Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Diagnosis and Treatment
 Causes of PCOS

Diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system
Syndromes
Bonginkosi Dlamini, professionally known  as Zola, is a South African musician, actor and presenter. He also presents Zola 7, a television program named for him, on SABC 1.

He was born on 24 April 1981 in the Soweto Township of Johannesburg, South Africa. Zola had time in prison as a youth for car theft.

Zola become well known for his role as the notorious gangster Papa Action in Yizo Yizo 2. Zola has enjoyed success as a Kwaito superstar.  He is also the owner of the music company Guluva Entertainment.

Zola raps in isiZulu and uses a lot of tsotsi.

Musical awards
He has received four South African Music Awards:
 Artist of the Year - 2002
 Best Soundtrack - Yizo Yizo
 Best Music Video - "Ghetto Scandalous"
 Best Kwaito Album - Umdlwembe

At the Metro FM Awards 2001, Zola won on public vote:
 Song of the Year - "Ghetto Scandalous"
 Best Album of the Year - Umdlwembe
 Best Kwaito Album - Umdlwembe

Discography

 Umdlwembe (2000)
 Khokhovula (2002)
 Bhambatha (2004)
 Ibutho (2005)
 Tsotsi (2006 Motion Picture)
 Impepho (2009)
 Unyezi (2011)

References

1981 births
Living people
Actors
Musicians
South African entertainers
Television presenters
Arlette Zola (born 29 April 1949) is a Swiss singer. She was born Arlette Jaquet in the city of Fribourg. Zola was in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1982. Zola was placed third behind Germany and Israel. She made two more tries at reaching the Eurovision finals. In 1984 she took third place in the Swiss final. 1985 also saw her in third spot.

Discography 
1965 Un peu d’amour, Libéria
1966 Elles sont coquines, Disc AZ
1967 Arlette Zola, Disc AZ
1967 Deux garçons pour une fille, Disc AZ
1967 J n'aime que vous. Disc AZ
1968 Musique en tête, Disc AZ LP
1969 C’est toute la terre, Disc Concert Hall LP
1969 La marchande de bonbon, Vogue
1970 L’été, Vogue
1971 Je suis folle de tant t’aimer, Vogue
1972 Pour que vienne enfin ce grand matin, Evasion
1977 Tu inventais des saisons, Tourel
1980 Offre moi un sourire, Libéria
1981 Frappe dans tes mains, Libéria
1981 Les fiancés du lac de Côme, LP Libéria
1982 Amour on t’aime, LP Jupiter Records
1982 Je n’ai pas changé, LP Jupiter Records
1983 Billy Boogie, LP Vogue
1984 Hasta manana amore mio, Disc Ibach
1990 Mais moi je l’aime, Libéria
2003 Laissez-moi encore chanter, Azo
2005 Amour... Amitié, Azo
2007 Le bonheur ne coûte rien, Azo
2009 Souvenir, mes anées 6o

References

1949 births
Living people
Swiss singers
David Hattersley Warner, who is known by his credited stage name as David Warner (born 29 July 1941) is an English actor.  He is known for playing both romantic leads and sinister or villainous characters.  He has been in a range of various media, including film, animation, television, and video games.

Movies

References

1941 births
Actors from Manchester
Emmy Award winning actors
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Living people
Hyperglycemia means high blood sugar levels at or beyond 200 mg/dl. It is a serious and life threatening health problem that can be fatal if not properly treated in time. 

In a healthy body, insulin helps glucose (sugar) get from the blood into the body's cells.  There, the cells can use the sugar to make energy.  However, when there is not enough insulin in the body, or if a person's body does not react to insulin normally (this is called insulin resistance), too much sugar stays in the blood.  This can cause serious health problems.

Extremely high blood sugar means diabetes mellitus, a condition that often causes very high blood sugar. Hyperglycemia that comes and goes may mean diabetes of any kind, or may be developing under low insulin levels or resistance to insulin.

Symptoms

Early Signs 
Three of the early signs of hyperglycemia are "the 3 polys": polydipsia (feeling very thirsty), polyphagia (feeling very hungry), and polyuria (urinating a lot).  These things happen because:
 The body senses that its cells are not getting enough sugar.  The body triggers hunger, because eating is usually how people get sugar.  This causes polyphagia.
 The body senses that there is too much sugar in the blood, and tries to urinate out the extra sugar.  This causes polyuria.
 Because the person is urinating so much, they get dehydrated easily and get very thirsty (polydipsia).
Other early signs of high blood sugar include blurred vision, headache, and feeling tired.

Late Signs 
If hyperglycemia gets worse or is not treated, it can cause toxic acids called ketones to build up in the blood and urine.  This is called diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a medical emergency.

Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis can include:
 Confusion, seizures, or coma
 Difficulty breathing with fruity-smelling breath ("ketone breath" - caused by the body trying to blow off the toxic ketones through breathing out)
 Weakness
 Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain

Blood disorders
Blood sugar is an amount of glucose present in the blood of humans or animals. It is the primary source for energy for body cells and blood lipids. Low blood sugar means hypoglycemia. High blood sugar means hyperglycemia. People with diabetes mellitus have high blood sugar.

Health
Blood
South East Mutton Bird Islet is a steep islet, in south-eastern Australia. It is part of the Mutton Bird Island Group, at the southern end of the south-western coast of Tasmania. It is part of the Southwest National Park, and part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site.  It is very small, with an area of , and the highest point is  above sea level.

The island is part of the Port Davey Islands Important Bird Area, so identified by BirdLife International because of its importance for breeding seabirds.

Fauna
Seabird species that breed on the island are the Short-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus tenuirostris) (250 pairs), Fairy Prion (1000 pairs), Black-faced Cormorant and Silver Gull. The Short-tailed Shearwater is also called the Mutton Bird in Australia, giving the islet it's name.

Related pages
Other National Parks and reserves in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area are:
 Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park
 Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park
 Hartz Mountains National Park
 Mole Creek Karst National Park
 Southwest National Park
 Walls of Jerusalem National Park
 Central Plateau Conservation Area
 Devils Gullet State Reserve

References

Protected areas of Tasmania
World Heritage Sites in Australia
Sir Eduardo Luigi Paolozzi, KBE, RA (Edinburgh, 7 March 1924 – London, 22 April 2005), was a Scottish sculptor and artist. He was the eldest son of Italian immigrants.

Education 
Paolozzi studied at the Edinburgh College of Art in 1943, then moved to London. He was briefly at the St Martin's School of Art in 1944, and then at the Slade School of Fine Art at University College London from 1944 to 1947. He lived in Paris from 1947–1949. There he met Alberto Giacometti, Jean Arp, Constantin Brâncuşi, Georges Braque and Fernand Léger. They were a big influence on his later work.

Pop art 
Paolozzi was the founder of the pop art movement. Paolozzi's I was a Rich Man's Plaything (1947) is considered the first standard bearer of Pop Art and first to display the word "pop". Paolozzi showed the collage in 1952 as part of his groundbreaking Bunk! series at the Independent Group meeting in London.

Assessment  
He was a major figure in the international art sphere. Paolozzi investigated how we fitted into the modern world. He revealed our fragmented civilization through imagination and fantasy.

He was made Her Majesty's Sculptor in Ordinary for Scotland in 1986, which he held until his death.

Writings
Eduardo Paolozzi by Eduardo Paolozzi, Tate, London 1971 ASIN B00103A8RG
Recurring themes by Eduardo Paolozzi   Rizzoli (1984) 
 Metafisikal Translations by Eduardo Paolozzi, Lelpra, London 1962 ASIN B002MNOJQY

Gallery

References 

1924 births
2005 deaths
British artists
People from Edinburgh
Sculptors
Royal Academicians
Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde (née Lallouette) (born 1 January 1956) is a French lawyer and politician. She was the Managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 5 July 2011 until 12 September 2019. She previously served as French Minister of Finance from 19 June 2007 to 29 June 2011 when she was elected IMF managing director. Before that she served as French Minister for Commerce and Industry from 2 July 2005 to 15 May 2007 in the government of Dominique de Villepin.

References

1956 births
Living people
French economists
French lawyers
French Ministers of Finance
Managing Directors of the International Monetary Fund
Politicians from Paris
Rain Man is a 1988 American drama movie. It was directed by Barry Levinson and produced by Mark Johnson. It was written by Barry Morrow and Ronald Bass. It stars Tom Cruise as Charlie Babbitt and Dustin Hoffman as his older brother Raymond Babbitt.

Charlie is a narcissist who is a dealer of new cars in Los Angeles, California. He hears of his father's death and is told that the vast majority of the estate has been left to Raymond, whom he cannot remember. Raymond is an autistic savant, who has an eidetic memory but is incapable of looking after himself. He has lived in an institution in Cincinnati, Ohio for about twenty years. Charlie drives Raymond to Las Vegas, Nevada where Raymond uses his skill at counting cards to win money in card games. They then go on to Los Angeles. During the journey, Charlie changes his feelings towards Raymond from being resentful to being caring and protective. Raymond lacks understanding of the world and requires 24 hour care, which Charlie cannot provide, so Raymond returns to his institution.

Rain Man won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award. The movie was inspired by the life of savant Kim Peek (1951-2009).

Other websites 

1988 movies
1980s drama movies
1980s road movies
American drama movies
American road movies
Autism in fiction
Best Picture Oscar
English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Las Vegas, Nevada in fiction
Movies set in Las Vegas
Movies set in Los Angeles
Narcissism in fiction
Ohio in fiction
Movies directed by Barry Levinson
Movies about autism
Going Solo is a non-fiction book by Roald Dahl. It is the second part of his autobiography, and was published in 1986. Going Solo is the story of Dahl's first job, in Africa, and about how he became a RAF pilot in World War II.

1986 books
Autobiographies
Aviation
Marc Houalla (born 10 February 1961 at Rueil-Malmaison) is a French aerospace engineer.
From the 28th of November 2008 to October 2017, he is the head of the French Civil Aviation University.

Graduate from the ENAC (IÉNAC L82) and having a MBA from HEC Paris (1990), he has done different jobs in air transport such as director of SEFA before being joining the French Civil Aviation University.

From November 2017 to February 2018, Marc Houalla is head of the Orly Airport and honorary President of ENAC Alumni. Since February 2018, he is head of the Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport. Since March 2018, he is also head of ENAC Alumni.

Award 
 Chevalier of the Ordre National du Mérite

References

Further reading
 Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. ()

1961 births
Living people
Alumni of the École nationale de l'aviation civile
French aviators
Heads of the French Civil Aviation University
Louis Pailhas (2 March 1926 – 6 February 2021), was a French politician and aerospace engineer.
From December 1967 to 1982, he was head of the French Civil Aviation University.

He graduated from the École Polytechnique (X 46) and École nationale de l'aviation civile (IAC 49). he did different jobs in civil aviation before joining the French Civil Aviation University in December 1967, the first to hold that position in Toulouse. He resigned in January 1982.

After that, in 1998, he was assistant of the Mayor of Toulouse, and then deputy Mayor for science, aeronautics and space activities in 2001.

Louis Pailhas was a member of the Académie de l'air et de l'espace.

Awards
 Legion of Honour
 Medal of Aeronautics

References

Further reading
 Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. ()

1926 births
2021 deaths
Alumni of the École nationale de l'aviation civile
Alumni of the École Polytechnique
Deputy mayors
French aviators
French politicians
Heads of the French Civil Aviation University
People from Occitanie
New Scientist is a weekly scientific journal. It covers recent developments in science and technology for a general audience. The magazine was founded in 1956 and it is published by Reed Business Information Ltd. New Scientist is edited by Sumit Paul-Choudhury.

Science and technology magazines
Magazines of the United Kingdom
Hervé Renaudeau, born at Laval, is a French aerospace engineer. From September 2009 to August 2016, he is the director-general of the Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées (French private aerospace university).

Graduate from the École Centrale de Lyon (1979), he starts his career as hardware design engineer on the Mirage 2000. He has done a career in aerospace industry before joining higher education in 2002 as head of École supérieure des techniques aéronautiques et de construction automobile at Levallois-Perret. In September 2009, he became head of the Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées. Francis Pollet replaces him in March 2017.

References

Further reading
 Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. ()

Living people
French aviators
Year of birth missing (living people)
Medal of Aeronautics ()  is a civil honor of the government of France.  It is awarded to those who have made outstanding contributions to the aviation industry.

History
The Medal was established in February, 1945.

Select recipients
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 Caroline Aigle
 Daniel Calleja
 Jorge Chavez, 1957
 James Stephen Fossett
 Yves Lambert
 Norman Lo 
 David McMillan
 Louis Pailhas
 Francis Pollet
 Michel Tognini
 Wu Tongshui
 Brian Trubshaw, 1976

References

Other websites
 Orders & Medals Society of America,  Medal of Aeronautics/Médaille de l'Aéronautique
 Medal-medaille.com,  Aeronautical Medal (Médaille de l’Aéronautique)

Aviation
Orders, decorations, and medals of France
1945 establishments in France
David McMillan is a British diplomat, civil servant and administrator.  He was the Director General of EUROCONTROL until 31st December 2012. Eurocontrol coordinates and plans air traffic control for all of Europe.

Early life
MacMillan earned a degree in French and Spanish from University of Edinburgh.

Career
McMillan's Foreign Office career began in 1976. He served in Morocco and Zimbabwe. He was Transport Secretary at the British Embassy in Washington.

In the UK's Department for Transport (DfT), he had several roles between 1998 and 2007, including
 1998–2001, he headed the division responsible for air traffic control policy
 2002–2004, he served as Director of Strategy and Delivery
 2004–2007, he was the UK’s Director General of Civil Aviation

McMillan was the First Vice President of the European Civil Aviation Conference between 2005 and 2007.

In 2008, he became the Director General of EUROCONTROL.

Honors
 Medal of Aeronautics

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
British aviators
British diplomats
Living people
Civil servants
Civil Aviation University of China (Simplified Chinese 中国民航大学, Traditional Chinese 中國民航大學, Pinyin Zhōngguó Mínháng Dàxué), also known as CAUC, is a national university in Tianjin, China. It offers education and training in civil aviation for new pilots in China.

History
CAUC was founded in 1951.

Related pages
 Wu Tongshui
 French Civil Aviation University

References

Other websites
http://www.cauc.edu.cn/ 

Aviation
Colleges and universities in the People's Republic of China
1951 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in China
Günter Blobel (May 21, 1936 – February 18, 2018) was a German-born American biochemist. His native city, Waltersdorf, now belongs to Poland.

He has received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1999 for his studies concerning protein targeting.

Blobel died in New York City on February 18, 2018 of prostate cancer at the age of 81.

References

1936 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Cancer deaths in New York City
American academics
American biochemists
American Nobel Prize winners
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from former German territories
People from Prussia
German Nobel Prize winners
Ahmad Abu Laban (born 1946 - 1 February 2007) was the leader of an organisation called Islamic Society of Denmark. In 2006, he complained about a series of cartoons that were printed in a Danish newspaper. He said the cartoons, which made fun of the prophet Muhammad, were offensive to Muslims. People in Syria, Lebanon.Afghanistan and Iran protested outside Danish embassies. There were riots in Afghanistan, in which 11 people were killed.

Ahmad was born in Palestine. He moved to Denmark with his family, and became a leading religious leader in the Danish Islamic community. He died in Copenhagen in 2007 from lung cancer.

References

1946 births
2007 deaths
Danish businesspeople
Deaths from lung cancer
Disease-related deaths in Denmark
Palestinian Muslims
Michel Ange-Charles  Tognini (born September 30, 1949, in Vincennes, France) is a French test pilot, astronaut, educator, writer and administrator.  Tognini is Head of the European Astronaut Centre (EAC) of the European Space Agency (ESA) in Cologne, Germany.

Tognini graduates École de l'Air.

Awards and honors
 Medal of Aeronautics
 Chevalier de Ordre National du Mérite
 Commander dans l'Ordre de la Légion d'Honneur
 Soviet Order of Friendship between the People
 Russian Order of Friendship between the People

References

Other websites

NASA biography of Tognini
Spacefacts biography of Tognini

1949 births
Living people
Astronauts
French people
Sir Frank Mortimer Maglinne Worrell (1 August 1924, Bank Hall, St Michael,  Barbados – 13 March 1967, Kingston, Jamaica) was a West Indies cricketer and Jamaican senator. He is sometimes called by his nickname of Tae. He was a stylish right-handed batsman and useful left-arm seam bowler. He became famous in the 1950s as the first black captain of the West Indies cricket team.  He is the only batsman to be in two 500-run partnerships in first-class cricket.

Since the 1960–61 series, the Frank Worrell Trophy is awarded to the winner of the Test series between Australia and West Indies.One of the two Halls of Residence at the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus in Barbados is named after him.

Caribbean journalist Ernest Eytle wrote a biography of Worrell titled Frank Worrell: The Career of a Great Cricketer in 1963.

In June 1988 Worrell was celebrated on the $2 Barbadian stamp along with the Barbados Cricket Buckle.

References

West Indies cricketers
Knights Bachelor
1924 births
1967 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
Barbadian sportspeople
Jamaican sportspeople
The West Indian cricket team, also known as the West Indies or the Windies, is a multi-national cricket team.  They are a sporting group of 15 mainly English-speaking Caribbean countries, British dependencies and non-British dependencies.

From the mid 1970s to the early 1990s, the West Indies team was one of the strongest in the world in both Test and One Day International cricket. A number of cricketers among the best in the world have played for the West Indies. Sir Garfield Sobers, Lance Gibbs, Gordon Greenidge, George Headley, Clive Lloyd, Malcolm Marshall, Andy Roberts, Alvin Kallicharran, Rohan Kanhai, Frank Worrell, Everton Weekes, Curtly Ambrose, Michael Holding, Joel Garner and Sir Viv Richards are in the ICC Hall of Fame. World-record holder Brian Lara was a West Indies Test player.

The West Indies won the ICC Cricket World Cup twice, in 1975 and 1979. They won the ICC Champions Trophy in 2004. They were runners up in the Under 19 Cricket World Cup in 2004. They were semi finalists in the ICC World Twenty20 in 2009. They were the first cricket team to win the World Cup twice.  West Indies are also the first team to win back to back World Cups. West Indies is the first team to appear in three consecutive World Cup finals (1975, 1979 and 1983).

References

Cricket clubs
Sport in the Caribbean
1928 establishments
Ryan Brathwaite  (born June 6, 1988) is a track and field athlete from Barbados.  He won the gold medal in the 110 metres hurdles at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin.

Achievements

References

Barbadian sportspeople
1988 births
Living people
Male athletes
Sprinters
World champions
The Southwest National Park is a  national park in the south-west of Tasmania, Australia.  The park is the largest in Tasmania and is part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area.

The eastern side of the park is  west of Hobart and the park stretches to the west and south coasts. This park covers most of the wilderness areas in Tasmania's south west. The park is well known for its untouched wilderness and remoteness.  Weather in the park is can change quickly, and can be severe. The area has not been changed by humans. Evidence shows that Tasmanian Aborigines have visited the area for at least 25,000 years. European settlers have made a few trips into the park, but there has been very few long lasting settlements and little change to the natural environment. Within the area there is only one road, to the hydroelectricity township of Strathgordon. The southern and western parts the park can only be reached by foot, boat, or light aircraft.

The tiny town of Melaleuca in the extreme south-west has a runway for airplanes to land, and basic facilities for the National Parks Service.

History
Most of the park was created in 1955 and was first called Lake Pedder National Park. Over the following 35 years the park was made bigger and was renamed, reaching its present size in 1990. The original small Lake Pedder was flooded with the building of a dam on the Gordon River for hydroelectricity. The man made lake is also called Lake Pedder

Wildlife
The Melaleuca area is the summer breeding grounds of the highly endangered orange-bellied parrot .

Access
There are two ways to reach the park by land: the Gordon River Road to the hydroelectricity township of Strathgordon and the Huon Highway to Cockle Creek. The southern and western areas of the park can only be reached by foot, boat, or light aircraft.
There are two main walking tracks cross the park. The Port Davey Track and the South Coast Track. The walks are generally for more experienced walkers, and take about ten to fourteen days to complete. A flight to or from Melaleuca may be arranged to split the walk, or for tourist access for day trips. Several more difficult walks also exist, including the Eastern and Western Arthur Ranges, Precipitous Bluff, the South West Cape, and Federation Peak. These are not suitable for inexperienced walkers, or for people traveling alone. Sea access to the park is from Port Davey and Bathurst Harbour.

Related pages
Other National Parks and reserves in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area are:
 Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park
 South East Mutton Bird Islet

Footnotes

Other websites
Parks and Wildlife Service, Tasmania - Southwest National Park  
Walking the South-West

Protected areas of Tasmania
National parks in Australia
Tasmanian Wilderness
"Payphone" is a song performed by American pop rock band Maroon 5 released on April 17, 2012 under A&M/Octone Records in the United States. It serves as the lead single on the band's fourth studio album Overexposed, set to be released on June 26, 2012. The song was written by producer Benny Blanco, bandmates Adam Levine, James Valentine, and featured vocalist Wiz Khalifa. The song was recorded in southern Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.

Cover artwork

The cover artwork or the track was leaked to the web over a newsletter on April 11, 2012 and featured similar varieties of colorful aspects from the band's upcoming fourth album's cover, which leaked a day prior on E! News.

Chart success

The song debuted at number-three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles' chart and later peaked at number-two. It also topped the Billboard Digital Songs chart in late April.

Music Video

A music video for the song has not been officially announced yet. However, featured rapper Wiz Khalifa said in a press conference that he would like the music video to be in a sutle setting where no people may be to relate to the lyrics of the song. 

Maroon 5 songs
2012 songs
The wrens are passerine birds in the mainly New World family Troglodytidae. There are about 80 species in about 20 genera. The Wren is also the shortest bird in Britain.

Originally, the word 'wren' was (and still is) used for the species found in Europe, western Asia and North Africa. The word came into English after a long history in the Germanic languages. The bird's scientific name is Troglodytes troglodytes. When European biologists got to the Americas, they soon realised that the family of wrens has many species, and is mainly an American family of birds.

Most wrens are about 10 centimetres (4 inches) long, brown (both sexes), and has a short bill that curves slightly down. Its wings are round and it has a short tail.

Vocalizations
Its song is a gushing burst of sweet music, loud and emphatic. It has an enormous voice for its size, ten times louder, weight for weight, than a cockerel. Its song may sometimes be confused for the dunnock, which has warble that is shorter and weaker. The wren's song also has trill sounds, which the dunnock does not. The male has a long and complex song, with a series of tinkling trills one after the other for seconds on end.

When this bird is annoyed or excited, its call runs into an emphatic churr, like clockwork running down.

References

Other websites 

Wren videos  on the Internet Bird Collection

Passeri
With the development of the internet, the issue of information leakage has been more and more serious. The definition of an information leakage is that secret information is stolen by others through hacker’s attack, copying, sending, printing or screen shooting.

Most individual information leakages are caused by hackers. This can be prevented by through antivirus software. Most corporate information leakages are caused by people in the company. Preventing corporate information leakage is more difficult. In 2003, the FBI and the CSI did research, the result shows that only 30 percent of information leakage accidents are caused by people outside the organization. That is because people inside are familiar with the regulation and more likely to find the information. Encrypting the information is an important way to stop corporate information leakages.

Cryptography
The Australian cricket team is the national cricket team of Australia. It is the joint oldest team in Test cricket.  They were in the first Test match in 1877. The team also plays One Day International cricket and Twenty20 International. They were in the first ODI, against England in the 1970–71 season. They were in the first Twenty20 International, against New Zealand in the 2004–05 season. They won both games.

The Australian team has played 744 Test matches, winning 350, losing 194, drawing 198 and tying two. Australia is ranked the number-one team overall in Test cricket in terms of overall wins, win-loss ratio and wins percentage. Australia is  ranked fourth in the ICC Test Championship behind England, South Africa and India. They led the Test rankings for a record time of 74 months from 2003 to 2009.

Australia has played 797 ODI matches, winning 490, losing 272, tying nine and with 26 ending in no-result. They have led the ICC ODI Championship since it started for all but 48 days in 2007. Australia made a record six World Cup final appearances (1975, 1987, 1996, 1999, 2003 and 2007).  They have won the World Cup a record four times in total; 1987 Cricket World Cup, 1999 Cricket World Cup, 2003 Cricket World Cup and 2007 Cricket World Cup. Australia is the first team to be in 4 consecutive World Cup finals (1996, 1999, 2003 and 2007).

The team was undefeated in 34 consecutive World Cup matches until 19 March at the 2011 Cricket World Cup. There Pakistan beat them by 4 wickets. Australia won the ICC Champions Trophy twice – in 2006 and in 2009 – making them the first and the only team to become back to back winners in the Champions Trophy tournaments. The team has also played 39 Twenty20 Internationals.

Tournament history

References

Cricket clubs
Sport in Australia
1877 establishments in Australia
A Twenty20 International (T20I) is a form of cricket which is played over 20 overs per side between two national cricket teams. The game is played under the rules of Twenty20 cricket. The first Twenty20 International took place on 17 February 2005. Australia defeated New Zealand by 44 runs at Eden Park in Auckland. The International Cricket Council gave rankings for the shortest format of the game on October 24, 2011 with England at top.

Twenty20 International teams
The nations are listed below with the date of each nation's Twenty20 International debut shown in brackets.

  (17 February 2005)
  (17 February 2005)
  (13 June 2005)
  (21 October 2005)
  (16 February 2006)
  (15 June 2006)
  (28 August 2006)
  (28 November 2006)
  (28 November 2006)
  (1 December 2006)
  (1 September 2007)
  (12 September 2007)
  (2 August 2008)
  (2 August 2008)
  (2 August 2008)
  (3 August 2008)
  (2 February 2010)
  (16 March 2014)
  (16 March 2014)
  (17 March 2014)
  (13 July 2015)
  (25 July 2015)

References

Cricket
2005 establishments
In mathematics, Gaussian elimination (also called row reduction) is a method used to solve systems of linear equations. It is named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, a famous German mathematician who wrote about this method, but did not invent it.

To perform Gaussian elimination, the coefficients of the terms in the system of linear equations are used to create a type of matrix called an augmented matrix. Then, elementary row operations are used to simplify the matrix. The three types of row operations used are:
 Type 1: Switching one row with another row.
 Type 2: Multiplying a row by a non-zero number.
 Type 3: Adding or subtracting a row from another row.

The goal of Gaussian elimination is to get the matrix in row-echelon form. If a matrix is in row-echelon form, that means that reading from left to right, each row will start with at least one more zero term than the row above it. Some definitions of Gaussian elimination say that the matrix result has to be in reduced row-echelon form. That means that the matrix is in row-echelon form and the only non-zero term in each row is 1. Gaussian elimination that creates a reduced row-echelon matrix result is sometimes called Gauss-Jordan elimination.

Example 
Suppose the goal is to find the answers to this system of linear equations.

First, the system needs to be turned into an augmented matrix. In an augmented matrix, each linear equation becomes a row. On one side of the augmented matrix, the coefficients of each term in the linear equation become numbers in the matrix. On the other side of the augmented matrix are the constant terms each linear equation is equal to. For this system, the augmented matrix is:
 

Then, row operations can be done on the augmented matrix to simplify it. The table below shows the row reduction process on the system of equations and on the augmented matrix.

The matrix is now in row-echelon form. This is also called triangular form.

The matrix is now in reduced row-echelon form. Reading this matrix tells us that the solutions for this system of equations occur when x = 2, y = 3, and z = -1.

Equations
Algebra
Computer science
Bronislava Nijinska (8 January 1891 [old style 27 December 1890] – 22 February 1972) was a Russian ballerina, choreographer, and teacher of Polish descent. Her parents were dancers. She was one of three siblings and the sister of the famous ballet dancer, Vaslav Nijinsky. 

When she was very young, Nijinska learned to dance at home. Her parents taught her Polish, Hungarian, Italian, and Russian folk dances. Her father also taught her some acrobatics. This helped her later with her choreography. 

She was only four years old when she made her debut in a Christmas program with her brothers in Nizhny Novgorod. Nijinska trained with the Italian dancer, Enrico Cecchetti, before joining the Imperial Ballet School in 1900. She was a student there until 1908. Her teachers were Nicolai Legat and Mikhail Fokine.

She danced with the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg and the Ballets Russes. She was a choreographer for the Ballets Russes, with important modernist dance titles to her credit: Les Noces (1923), Le Train Bleu (1924) and Les Biches (1924). She guided the re-creation of these works in modern times.

She died in Pacific Palisades, California. She was twice married and had two children.

References 

Russian ballerinas
Choreographers
1891 births
1972 deaths
The giant antshrike (Batara cinerea) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It belongs to the genus Batara. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. This species is the largest species of antbird, measuring 34 cm long and weighing around 150 g.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical forests.

References

 BirdLife International 2004.  Batara cinerea.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 25 July 2007.

Other websites
Image at ADW

Passeriformes
The pygmy antwren (Myrmotherula brachyura) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.
It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

The Pygmy Antwren is the smallest of the antbirds. It usually weighs only 7 g (0.25 oz).

References

 BirdLife International 2006.  Myrmotherula brachyura.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 26 July 2007.

Other websites

Pygmy Antwren photo gallery VIREO
Photo-High Res; Article wingsbirds–"Peru-Explornapo Lodge"

Passeriformes
Tropical Storm Beryl was a strong Atlantic tropical storm. It was the second tropical cyclone of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season. Beryl formed on May 26 from a low-pressure system. This system was near the East Coast of the United States.  It was described as a subtropical storm. However, it slowly became stronger and was upgraded to a tropical storm on May 27. It upgraded because it moved to warmer water. Beryl is responsible for floods in Cuba. This caused a mudslide that left two people missing. Beryl caused rough surf to beaches in Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. In South Carolina, one person was reported missing.

References

Other websites 
Tropical Storm Beryl Advisory Archive

2012 Atlantic hurricane season
May events
2010s in Cuba
2010s in the Bahamas
2012 in Florida
2010s in Georgia (U.S. state)
2010s in South Carolina
The collared antshrike (Thamnophilus bernardi) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.
It is found in Ecuador and Peru.

References 

 BirdLife International 2004.  Thamnophilus bernardi.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 27 July 2007.
 Brumfield, R. T., and S. V. Edwards. 2007. Evolution into and out of the Andes: a Bayesian analysis of historical diversification in Thamnophilus antshrikes. Evolution 61:346-367.

Other websites 
Image at ADW

Passeriformes
Thamnophilus is a genus of antbird in the family Thamnophilidae. The species in this genus are commonly known as antshrikes. The Collared Antshrike (Thamnophilus bernardi) is one of the species.

References 

Passeriformes
The dot-winged antwren (Microrhopias quixensis), also known as the velvety antwren, is a passerine bird in the antbird family. It is found in tropical Central and South America from southeastern Mexico south to western Ecuador, northern Bolivia and  central Brazil. The male dot-winged antwren is blackish, while the female has brownish underparts. It is the only member of the genus Microrhopias.

References

 Stiles and Skutch,  A guide to the birds of Costa Rica  

Passeriformes
The  current national flag of Belarus was introduced on June 7, 1995.  This new design replaced a historical flag used by the Belarusian People's Republic of 1918. The current flag is a change of the 1951 flag.

The flag has a red upper stripe and a green lower stripe.  A vertical red and white pattern is against the flagstaff.

Belarus
Belarus
The national emblem of Belarus replaced the historic Pahonia arms in 1995.  It has a ribbon in the colors of the national flag, a map of Belarus, wheat ears and a red star. It is sometimes called the coat of arms of Belarus, but this is not correct.

Despite the fact that the Belarusians share a distinct ethnic identity and language, they never previously had a political sovereignty prior to 1991, except during a brief period in 1918 when the short-lived Belarusian People's Republic used the horseman as its emblem. The unique Belarusian national symbols were not created as a result of the foreign rule of the Belarusian territories by Prussia, Poland, Lithuania, and Russia until the 20th century.

Gallery

References 

Politics of Belarus
Belarus
This is a list of heads of government of Belarus from 1918 to the present.

Belarusian National Republic (1918-1920)

Chairmen of the People's Secretariat
Jazep Varonka (21 February - May 1918)
Jan Sierada (June - August 1918)
Raman Skirmunt (August - October 1918)
Anton Luckevich (October - 11 October 1918)

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
Anton Luckevich (October 1918 - 13 December 1919)
Vaclau Lastouski (13 December 1919 - 1920)

Belarusian National Republic in Exile (1920-Present)

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
(in Vilnius to 1925, then in Prague, presently in Canada)
Vaclau Lastouski (1920 - 23 August 1923)
Alyaksandr Tsvikievich (23 August 1923 - October 1925)
Vasil Zacharka (October 1925 - 6 March 1943)
Mikola Abramchyk (6 March 1943 - 21 June 1948)

Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920-1991)

Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
Aleksandr Chervyakov (1 August 1920 - 17 March 1924)
Iosif Adamovich (17 March 1924 - 7 May 1927)
Nikolay Goloded (7 May 1927 - 30 May 1937)
Daniil Volkovich (30 May - 8 September 1937)
Afanasy Kovalyov (10 September 1937 - 28 July 1938)
Kuzma Kiselyov (28 July 1938 - 28 June 1940)
Ivan Bylinsky (28 June 1940 - 7 February 1944) (in exile in Russian SFSR from June 1941 until July 1944) 
Panteleimon Ponomarenko (7 February 1944 - 1946)

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
Panteleimon Ponomarenko (1946 - 15 March 1948)
Aleksey Kleshchev (15 March 1948 - 25 June 1953)
Kirill Mazurov (25 June 1953 - 28 July 1956)
Nikolay Avkhimovich (28 July 1956 - 9 April 1959)
Tikhon Kiselyov (9 April 1959 - 11 December 1978)
Aleksandr Aksyonov (11 December 1978 - 8 July 1983)
Vladimir Brovikov (8 July 1983 - 10 January 1986)
Mikhail Kovalyov (10 January 1986 - 7 April 1990)
Vyacheslav Kebich (7 April 1990 - 19 September 1991)

Republic of Belarus (1991-present)

Prime ministers

Notes

References
is a Japanese digital library. This online collection has several thousands of works of Japanese-language fiction and non-fiction.

Aozora Bunko has digital copies of many out-of-copyright books.
Project Gutenberg is similar to Aozora Bunko.

History
Aozora Bunko was established in 1997.

In 2006, Aozora Bunko became a public policy advocate for freely accessible e-books.

Related pages
 Wikisource

References

Other websites 
 青空文庫 (Aozora Bunko) official website 
 Aozora Bunko official blog 

Organisations based in Japan
Websites
The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) are three areas under the cerebral cortex. They are part of the cerebrum (forebrain), and connected to the midbrain and the thalamus. They are vital to movement, and damage here results in damaged ability to move. 

The three areas are:
striatum
caudate nucleus
putamen
pallidum (or globus pallidus)
substantia nigra
nucleus accubens
subthalamic nucleus

The range of behaviours controlled by the nuclei is wide. They control eye movements. They do voluntary motor control, learning procedures for routine behaviors or "habits", and cognitive emotional functions. 

The basal ganglia also control motivation. They select actions, that is, the choice of what to do at a given time. Experimental studies show that the basal ganglia inhibit (suppress) a number of motor systems. A release of this inhibition lets a motor system act. This "behaviour switching" is influenced by signals from many parts of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex, which plays a key role in doing things.

Evolution 
The basal ganglia form one of the basic components of the forebrain, and can be recognized in all species of vertebrates.  Even in the lamprey (one of the most primitive vertebrates) striatal, pallidal, and nigral elements can be identified by their anatomy and histochemistry.

Related pages
 Alexander Cools

References 

Anatomy of the brain
William Henry Seward (May 16, 1801–October 10, 1872) was an American politician. He was the 12th Governor of New York, and later a United States Senator. He was also the United States Secretary of State for two presidents, Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. He was very much against slavery. He was an important person in the Republican Party when it was starting. Many people thought he would be nominated by the Republican Party to run for President of the United States in 1860, but that did not happen.

On the night that President Abraham Lincoln was killed, someone also tried to kill Seward. For the rest of his life, Seward had scars on his face from the attack. Later, the man who attacked him was caught and put to death.

When Seward was Secretary of State, he arranged for the United States to buy Alaska from Russia. People made fun of him for doing that. They called it "Seward's Folly". When asked what he thought was the most important thing he did as Secretary of State, Seward said "The purchase of Alaska—but it will take the people a generation to find it out".

References

Other websites

1801 births
1872 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
American abolitionists
Governors of New York
Lawyers from New York
United States Secretaries of State
United States senators from New York
US Republican Party politicians
Crime victims
Politicians from New York
Whig party (US) politicians