cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jean Robieux (15 October, 1925; Jugon-les-Lacs – 14 June 2012; Chatenay-Malabry) was a French physicist. Graduate from École Polytechnique (1946-1949), École nationale de l'aviation civile (1949-1951), Doctor of Science from University of Paris and holder of a Master of Science from the California Institute of Technology, he is a leading French specialist in laser.
He is a member of the French Academy of Sciences and of the Académie des Technologies (Academy of Technologies).

Works 
Jean Robieux is responsible for the discovery of the principle of control of laser fusion in 1961 and the discovery of the principle of laser isotope separation. All contributions are outlined in his book « High Power Laser Interactions : Isotopes Separation - Nuclear Fusion Control - Elementary Particles Selective Creation ».

Bibliography 
 High Power Interactions : Isotopes separation - Nuclear fusion control - Elementary particles selective creation. Ed. Lavoisier-2000
 Towards the end of global warming. Abundant energy without pollution. Laser nuclear fusion». Ed.Louis de Broglie-2009

Award 
 Officier of the Légion d'honneur (2000)

Other websites 
  Interview vidéo de monsieur Jean Robieux sur la fusion nucléaire par laser 
  La fusion par laser au seuil de la réalité 
  La Fusion Nucléaire par laser - Jean Robieux

References 

1925 births
2012 deaths
French physicists
Alumni of the École nationale de l'aviation civile
Alumni of the École Polytechnique
Grevenmacher () is a commune with city status in eastern Luxembourg, near the border with Germany.

Grevenmacher is the capital city of the Grevenmacher canton and of the district of Grevenmacher. The city is on the left bank of the Moselle river.

Name
The name Grevenmacher is formed by two words: "Greven" and "Macher". "Macher" comes from the Latin word maceria ("very old walls"); "Greven" comes from the old German word Grafen (modern German: Graf) that means "count, earl". The town "Macher of the Count" was, since 1346, different from other "Machern" found in the region: Königsmacher, Kleinmacher, Rodemacher, Mecher, Mézières etc. The present name of Grevenmacher has been in use since 1769.

History
The valley of the Moselle, which owes its wealth to the fact that it is close to the water and it has fertile land, was settled long before the Roman era. As for Grevenmacher, the first town was behind the Holy Cross Chapel at the place called "Buerggruef", not far from the Roman road to the city of Luxembourg.

A few centuries later, the Counts of Luxembourg chose a safe place to protect their land against the powerful archbishops of Trier. They found it in Grevenmacher, that was the place where the road going from the city of Luxembourg to Trier meet with the one going from Trier to Thionville. Here a strong fortress was built, probably on the orders of Count Henry V. In 1252, this same count made Grevenmacher a city.

Geography

The commune of Grevenmacher, which is in the eastern part of the canton on the left bank of the Moselle river, has an area of , with  of forests and  of vineyards.

The altitude of the commune is  high. At the church, the altitude  is  high.

The most important river is the Moselle (; German: Mosel; ).

Population
There were 4,923 persons living in the commune in 2017, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population in Grevenmacher

Sights
Famous sights in Grevenmacher are, for exampleː
 "Huelen Zant", remains from an old castle;
 Chapel "Saint-Croix" (this is French and means "holy cross");
 The "Kelsbach", a beautiful piece of nature;
 The "Jardin des papillons" (this is French again and means "garden of butterflies"), a building which contains a lot of butterflies and other insects;
 The "Kulturhuef" which is a museum and a cinema.

Sport
The city has three soccer places, two in "Op Floor" (there is also the stadium from the CSG, the soccer club from Grevenmacher) and one on the bank from the Mousel. The city has also six tennis fields, three in a hall and the other three on the bank of the Mousel. Next to the tennis fields is an outdoor swimming pool. Grevenmacher has also two sports halls.

Twinned and partner towns
Grevenmacher is twinned withː
  Aubière, France

Gallery

Related pages
 Cantons of Luxembourg
 Communes of Luxembourg
 List of cities in Luxembourg

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Communes in Luxembourg
was a  after Ninji and before Hōji.  This period started in February 1243 and ended in February 1247. The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Kangen era
 1244 (Kangen 2, 4th month): Kujō Yoritsugu had his coming-of-age ceremonies at age 6.  In the same month, Yoritsune asked Emperor Go-Saga for permission to make Yoritsugu the new shogun.
 11 Septembe 1245 (Kangen 3, 7th month):  Yoshitsune shaved his head and became a Buddhist priest.
 1246 (Kangen 4, 7th month): Yoritsune's son, now Shogun Yoritsugu (who is only 7 years old) marries the sister of Hōjō Tsunetoki.
 1246 (Kangen 4): In the 4th year of Go-Saga's reign, the emperor abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by his 4-year-old son.  Soon after, Emperor Go-Fukakusa's role as emperor is confirmed by ceremonies (sokui).

Related pages 
 Kamakura period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1240s in Japan
The Ichneumonoidea are parasitoid wasps. They are a superfamily in the suborder Apocrita.

The superfamily is made up of the ichneumon wasps, (family Ichneumonidae), and the braconids (family Braconidae). The superfamily contains well over 80,000 different species. Members of the family Ichneumonidae are usually larger than members of the Braconidae, and the family has three times as many species as the braconids. The two families are distinguished mainly by details of wing venation.

Almost all are solitary insects, and most are parasitoids—the larvae feeding on or in another insect which finally dies. Being in the same order, ichneumonoids are closely related to other hymenoptera such as ants and bees. Many species in both families use polydnaviruses (with double strand DNA) to suppress the immune system of the host insect.

Some species use many different insects as hosts, others are very specific in host choice. Various ichneumons are used successfully as biological control agents in controlling pests such as flies or beetles.

Ichneumon wasp species are highly varied, ranging from  to  long. Most are slender, with the females of many species (particularly in the genus Megarhyssa) having an extremely long ovipositor for laying eggs. The female finds a host and lays an egg on, near, or inside the host's body. Upon hatching, the larval ichneumon feeds either externally or internally, killing the host when they themselves are ready to pupate. Despite looking formidable, the ovipositor does not deliver a sting like many wasps or bees. It can be used by the wasps to bore through rotten wood, and lay eggs in grubs hiding under the wood.

Other websites

 Reference large-format photos of 15 different species of Ichneumonidae
 An interesting account  of an observer's encounter with Ichneumons.
 University of Florida Department of Entomology & Nematology page about Ichneumons 
 BugGuide page: Family Ichneumonidae - Ichneumon Wasps

References

Parasitoids
Wasps
Information asymmetry is a concept in economics and contract theory. It says that in any given contract the two parties of the contract do not have the same information. Information economics is a field of science that looks at some of the problems that result from this bias. Neoclassical economics assumes there is perfect information: all the actors know all the states of their environment; they can also observe what all the other actors do. Information is free -it has no cost in the economic sense. This is also true for the ability to observe the other parties.

Model 
A model called New institutional economics changes this: information is no longer free, there are costs associated with obtaining information.

Information asymmetry is concerned with three main asymmetries:
 Hidden characteristics: Certain features of the products are not known before the contract is made.
 Hidden action and hidden information: After the contract is made, one of the actors' actions cannot be observed (hidden action); if it can be observed, its qualities cannot be determined (hidden information)
 Hidden intention: Before the contract is made, all the actors can be observed, but their intentions cannot be known.

History 
In 2001, the Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to George Akerlof, Michael Spence, and Joseph E. Stiglitz "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information."

References 

Market failure
Simpson's paradox is a paradox from statistics. It is named after Edward H. Simpson, a British statistician who first described it in 1951. The statistician Karl Pearson described a very similar effect in 1899.-  Udny Yule's description dates from 1903.  Sometimes, it is called the Yule–Simpson effect. When looking at the statistical scores of groups, these scores may change, depending on whether the groups are looked at one by one, or if they are combined into a larger group. This case often occurs in social sciences and medical statistics. It may confuse people, if frequency data is used to explain a causal relationship.  Other names for the paradox include   reversal paradox and amalgamation paradox.

Example: Kidney stone treatment 
This is a real-life example from a medical study comparing the success rates of two treatments for kidney stones.

The table shows the success rates and numbers of treatments for treatments involving both small and large kidney stones, where Treatment A includes all open procedures and Treatment B is percutaneous nephrolithotomy:

The paradoxical conclusion is that treatment A is more effective when used on small stones, and also when used on large stones, yet treatment B is more effective when considering both sizes at the same time. In this example, it was not known that the size of the kidney stone influenced the result. This is called a hidden variable (or lurking variable) in statistics.

Which treatment is considered better is determined by an inequality between two ratios (successes/total). The reversal of the inequality between the ratios, which creates Simpson's paradox, happens because two effects occur together:
 The sizes of the groups, which are combined when the lurking variable is ignored, are very different. Doctors tend to give the severe cases (large stones) the better treatment (A), and the milder cases (small stones) the inferior treatment (B). Therefore, the totals are dominated by groups three and two, and not by the two much smaller groups one and four.
 The lurking variable has a large effect on the ratios, i.e. the success rate is more strongly influenced by the severity of the case than by the choice of treatment. Therefore, the group of patients with large stones using treatment A (group three) does worse than the group with small stones, even if the latter used the inferior treatment B (group two).

References

Statistics
Guarani, Guaraní or Guarany may refer to

Ethnography 
 Guaraní people, an indigenous people from South America's interior (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia)
 Guaraní language, or Paraguayan Guarani, an official language of Paraguay
 Guarani dialects, spoken in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay 
 Guarani languages, a group of languages, including Guarani, in the Tupí-Guaraní language subfamily

Economics 
 Paraguayan guaraní, the currency of Paraguay

Geography 
 Guarani, Minas Gerais, Brazil
 Guarani de Goiás, Brazil
 Guarani das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
 Guarani Aquifer, a large underground water reservoir in South America

Literature and music 
 The Guarani, an 1857 novel by José de Alencar
 Il Guarany, an opera by Carlos Gomes, based on the above novel

Machines
 VBTP-MR, a Brazilian 6x6 armored personnel carrier

Association football (soccer) clubs 
Brazil
 Guarani Esporte Clube (CE), Juazeiro do Norte
 Guarani Esporte Clube (MG), Divinópolis
 Guarani Futebol Clube, Campinas
 Guarany Futebol Clube, Bagé
 Guarany Futebol Clube (Camaquã)
 Guarany Sporting Club, Sobral
 Associação Atlética Guarany, Porto da Folha
 Esporte Clube Guarani, Venâncio Aires
 Sociedade Esportiva, Recreativa e Cultural Guarani, Palhoça
 Sport Club Guarany, Cruz Alta

Paraguay
 Club Guaraní, Asunción
The coat of arms of Argentina was used in its current form in 1944.  It started in the seal of the General Constituent Assembly of 1813. 

It is not known who made the coat of arms.  At the top is the gold-yellowed Sun of May, also found on the flag of Argentina. The rising sun is for the rising of Argentina.  In the center, there are two shaking hands.  This is for the unity of the Provinces of Argentina. The hands come together to hold a pike.  This shows power and willingness to defend freedom.  The Phrygian cap is on the top of the spear.

The blue and white colors are for the Argentine people.  They are the same colors of the Argentine flag. The blue half is for the sky and the white is for the Río de la Plata.

References

Argentina
Argentina
Patagonia is at the southern end of South America.  It is land shared by Argentina and Chile.  It has some of the most dramatic landscapes on Earth. It has the southern section of the Andes mountains to the southwest towards the Pacific ocean.

Geography 
It follows south through the Colorado River towards Carmen de Patagones in the Atlantic Ocean. To the west, it includes the Valdivia through Tierra del Fuego archipelago.

The name Patagonia is from the word patagón used by Magellan in 1520.  The word was for the native people that his expedition thought to be giants. Now people think the Patagons were actually Tehuelches.  They had an average height of 180 cm (~5′11″) compared to the 155 cm (~5′1″) average for Spaniards of the time.

Animals

The guanaco, the cougar, the Patagonian fox, the Patagonian hog-nosed skunk, and the Magellanic Tuco-tuco are the most common mammals of the Patagonian plains.  There are also many birds.  Southern Caracara, Austral parakeets, and Green-backed Firecrowns are some.  Waterfowl include Chilean Flamingo, Upland Goose, and steamer ducks.

Famous marine fauna include the southern right whale, the Magellanic Penguin, the orca and elephant seals. The Valdés Peninsula is a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its importance as a nature reserve.

References

Geography of Argentina
Geography of Chile
Argentine Antarctica is a part of Antarctica claimed by Argentina as part of its national territory.  This claim overlaps with British and Chilean claims in Antarctica. Argentine Antarctica is a department of the province of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands.

The Argentine exploration to the continent started early in the 20th century. José María Sobral was the first Argentine to set foot on Antarctica in 1901. He spent 2 seasons with the Swedish Antarctic Expedition of Doctor Otto Nordenskiöld. In 1904, the Orcadas Base was fully working. Years later other bases were made. The first Argentine expedition to reach the South Pole was the 1965 Operación 90.

Argentine actions in Antarctica are coordinated by the Instituto Antartico Argentino

According the last Argentine national census, on October 2010 (winter) there were 230 people in the six permament bases.

Geography
The geography of Argentine Antarctica has some features of the Patagonia. The highest peaks are at the south of the Antarctic Peninsula. The land is under an ice sheet.

The region has a polar climate, with strong winds, snow and thick clouds.

References

Antarctic territorial claims
Geography of Argentina
1901 establishments
Establishments in Antarctica
1900s establishments in Argentina
The Chilean Antarctic Territory  is the territory in Antarctica claimed by Chile since 1940. The Chilean Antarctic Territory overlaps Argentine and British Antarctic claims.

Within Chilean territorial organization Antártica is the name of the commune that administers the territory. Belongs to Antártica Chilena Province, which is part of Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region. The commune of Antártica was created on July 11, 1961, and was dependent on the Magallanes Province until 1975, when the Antártica Chilena Province was created, making it dependent administratively on Puerto Williams, the province capital.

The Antarctic Treaty Freezed all the Antartic claims.

Bases

List of Chilean Antarctic Bases:

(P): Permanent; Are open all the year.
(S): Seasonal; Are open in the Austral Summer.

Villa Las Estrellas is the only civil settlement in a Chilean Base, the other one is in Esperanza Base (Argentina) and it's called "Fortín Sargento Cabral"

The only permanent Chilean base on the Antarctic Peninsula is Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme.  It has been working since February 18, 1948. It is located on Puerto Covadonga.

References

Geography of Chile
Antarctic territorial claims
1940 establishments in South America
20th-century establishments in Chile
Establishments in Antarctica
was a  after Bunpō and before Genkyō.  This period started in April 1319 and ended in February 1321.  The reigning Emperor was .

Events of the Gen'ō era
After the abdication of Emperor Hanazono, Takaharu-shinno was proclaimed emperor. Nijō Michihira was Chancellor (kampaku); but the court remained under the direction of former-Emperor Go-Uda.  Prince Morikuni  was the shogun in Kamakura; and Hōjō Takatoki was the shogunate's chief minister (shikken').
 1319 (Gen'ō 1, 3rd month): Prince Kuniyoshi, the son of former-Emperor Go-Nijō, was named Crown Prince (tōgu).
 1319 (Gen'ō 1, 6th month): Konoe Tsunehira died.  He was Minister of the Left (sadaijin).
 1319 (Gen'ō 1, in the 8th month): The daughter of Saionji Sanekane became one of the emperor's concubines.
 1319 (Gen'ō 1, 12th month): Nijō Michihira resigned from his office as kampaku; and Ichijō Uchitsune became kampaku.
 1330 (Gen'ō 2, 5th month): Hōjō Tokiasu died.  Tokiasu was a high shogunate official (Rokuhara Tandai and Kitakata).
 1320 (Gen'ō 2, 5th month): Kujō Moronori died at age 48. He was a former Regent (sesshō'').

Related pages 
 Kamakura period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

 

Japanese eras
1319
1320
1321
1310s in Japan
1320s in Japan
In 1900, the mathematician David Hilbert published a list of 23 unsolved mathematical problems. The list of problems turned out to be very influential. After Hilbert's death, another problem was found in his writings; this is sometimes known as Hilbert's 24th problem today. This problem is about finding criteria to show that a solution to a problem is the simplest possible.

Of the 23 problems, three were unresolved in 2012, three were too vague to be resolved, and six could be partially solved. Given the influence of the problems, the Clay Mathematics Institute formulated a similar list, called the Millennium Prize Problems in  2000.

Summary
The formulation of certain problems is better than that of others. 
Of the cleanly-formulated Hilbert problems, problems 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 17, 19, 20, and 21 have a resolution that is accepted by consensus. On the other hand, problems 1, 2, 5, 9, 15, 18+, and 22 have solutions that have partial acceptance, but there exists some controversy as to whether it resolves the problem.

The solution for problem 18, the Kepler conjecture, uses a computer-assisted proof.  This is controversial, because a human reader is unable to verify the proof in reasonable time. 

That leaves 16, 8 (the Riemann hypothesis) and 12 unresolved. On this classification 4, 16, and 23 are too vague to ever be described as solved. The withdrawn 24 would also be in this class. 6 is considered as a problem in physics rather than in mathematics.

Table of problems
Hilbert's twenty-three problems are:

Other websites
  :Wikilivres:Mathematische Probleme – source texts, documents, translations, media
   Listing of the 23 problems, with descriptions of which have been solved 
 Original text of Hilbert's talk, in German 
 English translation of Hilbert's Mathematical Problems on Wikisource
 Details on the solution of the 18th problem
 "On Hilbert's 24th Problem: Report on a New Source and Some Remarks."
The Paris Problems 
 Hilbert's Tenth Problem page!
'From Hilbert's Problems to the Future', lecture by Professor Robin Wilson, Gresham College, 27 February 2008 (available in text, audio and video formats).

References

About the problems

Other references

Mathematical problems
Problem solving
Energy drinks are beverages whose producers say they can "can boost energy". This claim has to do with vitamins and stimulants in these drinks. Examples of energy drinks are Red Bull and Monster Energy. They are usually well liked by young people. 66 percent of energy drink sales are to people between the ages of 14 and 35.

Drinks
Lionel Guérin is a French Chief executive officer and politician. Graduate from the École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique and from the École nationale de l'aviation civile, he is the founding President of the regional airline Airlinair, President of Transavia France and of the Fédération nationale de l’aviation marchande.

In September 2011, he almost became chairman of Air France.

Lionel Guerin is an environmental activist. He likes parrots. He also likes supporting sustainable aviation.

Guérin received the Legion of Honour award.

Bibliography 
 Info-Pilote number 612, Paris, Info-Pilote, March 2007

References 

Living people
Alumni of the École nationale de l'aviation civile
Aviation
French politicians
Environmentalists
French businesspeople
1956 births
True Romance is a 1993 American crime drama movie. It was directed by Tony Scott and was released on September 10, 1993. The cast of the movie includes Christian Slater, Patricia Arquette, James Gandolfini, Dennis Hopper, Gary Oldman, Brad Pitt, Val Kilmer and Christopher Walken.

Release dates

Other websites 

1993 crime movies
1993 drama movies
1990s crime drama movies
1990s road movies
American crime drama movies
American road movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Tony Scott
Movies set in Detroit, Michigan
Movies set in Los Angeles
La Sylphide () is a romantic ballet. It was created for Marie Taglioni by her father Filippo Taglioni to showcase her talents.  The ballet was first performed in the Salle Le Peletier in Paris on March 12, 1832. The ballet was a great success. Taglioni was regarded as the greatest ballerina of the age.

Story of the ballet 
The ballet is set in Scotland. James is on the eve of marrying Effie. Gurn also loves Effie. James is distracted by a vision of a lovely sylph. Old Madge, a witch, reads palms. She declares Gurn will be the husband of Effie. James grows angry and throws her out into the storm. The wedding preparations start. The sylph appears and steals the wedding ring. James runs after her into the forest. Effie is consoled in the arms of Gurn. 

In the forest, the sylph and James dally romantically. The sylph summons her sister sylphs. They entertain James with several dances. He wants to capture the sylph, and asks Old Madge for her help. She gives him a poisoned scarf, but tells him he can capture the sylph with it. He wraps the sylph in the scarf. Her wings fall off and she dies. James sees a wedding procession led by Gurn and Effie. He faints and dies. Old Madge has had her revenge.

Danish choreography     

In November 1836, August Bournonville choreographed his version to music by Herman Severin Løvenskiold for the Royal Danish Ballet. Taglioni's choreography has been lost, but Bournonville's exists and is still danced in Copenhagen. In 1972, Pierre Lacotte reconstructed Taglioni's choreography from prints, notes, and other materials.

Ballets
, also known as the Muromachi era, the Ashikaga era, or the Ashikaga period, is a division of Japanese history.  The period started in 1333 and ended in 1573.

Ashikaga shogunate 
The years of the Ashikaga shogunate are called the Muromachi period.  The name comes from the district of Kyoto in which this series of shoguns had an official home.  This home was also known as the  or .

Timeline 
 1333 (Kemmu 1): 
 1336 (Kemmu 4): Ashikaga Takauji captures Kyoto.  Emperor Go-Daigo established what is called the Southern Court (Nanchō) in Yoshino; and what is called the Northern Court (Hokuchō) is established in Kyoto
 1392 (Meitoku 3), also known as Genchū 9: Forces of the Southern Court surrenders to Ashikaga Yoshimitsu and the empire is unified under Emperor Go-Komatsu.
 1398 (Ōei 5): Kinkaku-ji or "Gold Pavillion" is built by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.
 1467 (Ōnin 1): The Ōnin War
 1484 (Bunmei 16): Ginkaku-ji or "Silver Pavillion" is built by Ashikaga Yoshimasa
 1488 (Chōkyō 2): Ryōan-ji is built by Hosokawa Katsumoto.
 1543 (Tenbun 12, 25th day of the 8th month):  Portuguese ship landed at Tanegashima bringing the first gun into Japan.
 August 15, 1549 (Tenbun 18, 22nd day of the 7th month):  Jesuit Catholic priest Francis Xavier arrived in Japan
 1555 (Kōji 1, 11th month):  Mōri Motonari won the , also known as the "Battle of Miyajima"
 June 12, 1560 (Eiroku 3, 19th day of the 5th month):  at the Battle of Okehazama, the forces of Imagawa Yoshimoto were defeated by Oda Nobunaga.
 1569 (Eiroku 12): First Christian church opened in Nagasaki.
 1570 (Genki 1, 6th month): At the Battle of Anegawa, the forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu won a victory.
 1573 (Genki 4): Ashikaga Yoshiaki, the last Muromachi shogun, ran away from Kyoto.

Gallery

Related pages 
 Northern Court
 Southern Court
 List of Japanese eras
 Nanboku-chō period
 Sengoku period

References

Other websites 

 Metropolitan Museum of Art,  Kamakura and Nanbokucho Periods (1185–1392),  Muromachi Period (1392–1573)
 British Museum, Japan: Muromachi period (AD 1333-1568) 
 Japan-guide.com,  Muromachi Period (1333 - 1573)

Periods in Japanese history
Samurai
1330s establishments in Japan
1573 disestablishments
1333 establishments
16th-century disestablishments in Japan
Kim is a male or female given name. It can also be used as a shorter way of saying "Kimberly", "Kimberley", "Kimball", "Kimiko" and "Joakim". It can also be used as a nickname.

Girls were hardly ever given the name "Kim" until the 1960s. Since then, it has become more common for females to be named Kim.

People with this name include:

Sports
 Kim Batiste, American baseball player
 Kim Bokamper, American football player
 Kim Clijsters, Belgian tennis player
 Kim Gevaert, Belgian athlete
 Kim Grant (footballer), Ghanaian former footballer
 Kim Grant (tennis), South African tennis player
 Kim Hagger, English track and field athlete
 Kim Hirschovits, Finnish ice hockey player
 Kim Johnsson, Swedish professional ice hockey player
 Kim Källström, Swedish footballer
 Kim Rhode, skeet shooter
 Kim Sunna, Swedish professional ice hockey player
 Kim Warwick, Australian former tennis player
 Carlos Henrique Dias, Brazilian footballer nicknamed "Kim"

Politics
 Kim Beazley, Australian politician, son of Kim Edward Beazley
 Kim Campbell, first and only (to date) female Canadian Prime Minister
 Kim Carr, Australian politician
 Kim Edward Beazley, Australian politician

Artists
 Lil' Kim, singer
 Kim Appleby, British singer
 Kim Basinger, actress
 Kim Carnes, singer 
 Kim Cascone, electronic music composer 
 Kim Cattrall, actress 
 Kim Chiu, teen actress in the Philippines
 Kim Coates, actor
 Kim Deal, musician
 Kim Deitch, comic book artist
 Kim Fields, actress
 Kim Gordon, musician
 Kim Ljung, musician
 Kim Mitchell, musician and radio personality
 Kim Moyes, Australian musician
 Kim Novak, actress
 Kim Petersen, also known as King Diamond, singer
 Kim Petras, German singer
 Kim Thayil, lead guitarist for Soundgarden
 Kim Wilde, singer
 Kim Wyatt, singer and dancer
 Kim Zolciak, American singer and reality star from The Real Housewives of Atlanta

Other 
 Kim Kardashian, American personality
 Kim Komando, American talk-radio program host
 Kim Peek (1951-2009), American savant
 Kim Mathers, wife of Eminem, subject of song "Kim" from The Marshall Mathers LP
 Kim Stanley Robinson, American science fiction writer
 Kim Stolz, American fashion model, television personality

Related pages 
 Kim (surname)

Given names
The name Samantha is a female given name dating back to around the 18th century. It has been used by many celebrities, musicians and many others, including Samantha Eggar, Samantha Fox and Samantha Womack.

Given names
Kim is a small town. It is in Las Animas County, Colorado, United States.  At the 2000 U.S. census, 65 people lived in Kim.

Rodeo star Lane Frost was born in La Junta in 1963. However, he spent some of his early days with his mother and grandparents in Kim, while his father was on tour.

Geography
Kim is at  (37.246129, -103.353643).

The United States Census Bureau says that the town has a total area of . All of it is land.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 65 people, 38 households, and 15 families living in Kim. The population density was 211.3 people per square mile (81.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.46% White, and 1.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.38% of the population.

There were 38 households. 15.8% of these had children under the age of 18 living with them. 36.8% were married couples living together. 2.6% had a female living there with no husband. 60.5% were non-families. 60.5% of all households were made up of just one person and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.71 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the town, 16.9% of the people were under the age of 18. 3.1% were from 18 to 24. 30.8% were from 25 to 44. 30.8% were 45 to 64, and 18.5% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 124.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.7 males.

Related pages 
 Colorado

References

Other websites 
Map of Kim

Towns in Colorado
1974 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Colorado
The name Andrea is a given name. It is usually used for females, but sometimes for males. There are a lot of celebrities with the name Andrea. Also, the name is a replacement for Allison over List 5 of the Atlantic tropical cyclone naming list.

People named Andrea

Women
 Andrea Baker, Canadian-born actress
 Andrea Barber (born 1976), American actress
 Andrea Dewar (born 1979), Canadian water polo player
 Andrea Moody (born 1978), Canadian swimmer
 Andrea Thompson (born 1960), American actress
 Andrea True (born 1943), American actress and singer

Men
 Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo (born 1925), Archbishop of Tuscania
 Andrea Kim Taegŏn (1821–1846), first Korean Catholic priest, Patron Saint of Korea for the Catholic Church
 Andrea Prader (1919-2001), renowned Swiss scientist and physician, co-discoverer of the Prader–Willi syndrome
 Andrea Sartoretti (born 1971), volleyball player

Given names
Citytv may refer to:
 Citytv is a Canadian broadcast television network
 Citytv.com, the official website of Canadian network, Citytv
 Citytv Video, an internet television service software, airing recent episodes of Citytv programming, on Citytv's official website
 Citytv HD, the HD version of Canadian television channel of the same name
 
 Citytv Calgary, a local television station, under the Citytv branding and programming
 Citytv Edmonton, a local television station, under the Citytv branding and programming
 Citytv Toronto, a local television station, under the Citytv branding and programming
 Citytv Vancouver, a local television station, under the Citytv branding and programming
 Citytv Winnipeg, a local television station, under the Citytv branding and programming
 Citytv Saskatchewan, a local television station planned to be lanuched, which is currently known as the Saskatchewan Communications Network, which will be under the Citytv branding and programming
 CFJC-TV, an affiliation of Canadian broadcast television network, Citytv
 CHAT-TV, an affiliation of Canadian broadcast television network, Citytv
 CKPG-TV, an affiliation of Canadian broadcast television network, Citytv
 Citytv (Bogotá), a local television station in Colombia, based on the Canadian channel of the same name
 Citytv.com.co, a Colombian video sharing website that is based on Canadian network, Citytv, it is also the official website of Citytv Bogotá
 City TV (Bulgaria), a cable music channel in Bulgaria
 City TV (Catalonia), a television network in Catalonia, now known as 8TV, originally based on Canadian television system of the same name
, also Genkō, was a  after Gen'ō and before Shōchū.  This period started in February 1321 and ended in December 1324.  The reigning Emperor was .

Events of the Genkyō era
 1321 (Genkyō 1, 2nd month): Saionji Kinakira died.  He was Minister of the Right (udaijin).
 1321 (Genkyō 1, 4th month): The former-Emperor Go-Uda ordered the construction of a small chapel at Daikaku-ji where he lived in retirement.
 1321 (Genkyō 1, 5th month): The emperor visited Dikaku-ji to see this new chapel for himself.
 1321 (Genkyō 1, 6th month):  died.  He was the  in Kyushu.
 1321 (Genkyō 1, 12th month): Hōjō Norisada was named governor of Kyoto; and Hōjō Hidetoki was named military governor of Kyūshū.
 1322 (Genkyō 2, 1st month): The emperor visited the former-Emperor Go-Uda at Daikau-ji; and he was entertained by a musical concert.
 1322 (Genkyō 2, 1st month): Saionji Sanekane died at age 74.
 1322 (Genkyō 3, 3rd month): Ichijō Uchitsune lost his position as Chancellor (kampaku); and Kujō Fusazane was given this office.
 16 July 1324 (Genkyō 4, 25th day of the 6th month): Former-Emperor Go-Uda died at age 58.

Related pages 
 Kamakura period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
 Kyoto National Museum  -- "Treasures of Daikaku-ji", including portrait of Go-Uda and the former-emperor's will 
 

Japanese eras
1321
1322
1323
1324
1320s in Japan
Catamarca is a Province of Argentina.  It is in the northwest of the country. The province has 334,568 people as per the 2001 census. To the west, it borders Chile.

The capital is San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, usually shortened to Catamarca. Other important cities are Andalgalá, Tinogasta, and Belén.

The land is mostly mountains.

Notable people
Calu Rivero, first actress from Catamarca to appear in national television
Emilio Caraffa - Post-impressionist painter
Daniel Díaz - Footballer
Mamerto Esquiú - Friar
Vicente Saadi - Justicialist Party politician

References

Provinces of Argentina
The Province of Chaco is a province in northeastern Argentina. There were 1,055,259 as of 2010. The province has an international border with the Paraguay. The capital and largest city is Resistencia.

Half of the people who live here are below the poverty line.

Chaco is  from the word .  It is a Quechua word used for hunting by the people of the Inca Empire.

References

Provinces of Argentina
The name Jennifer is a female name which was first put into use in the 18th century. The name was quite uncommon prior to 1906. Around 1969, however, the name hit number 3 on the girl name charts, then between 1970 and 1984 Jennifer became the single most popular name. Since 1990 the name is still common, although considerably less so. Numerous celebrities carry the name Jennifer, for example Jennifer Aniston and Jennifer Jason Leigh.

Given names
Corrientes is a province in northeast Argentina.   The Yacyretá Dam is in the northeast of the province. It is one of the largest hydroelectric dams in the world. Also in the province are the Iberá Wetlands and the Mburucuyá National Park.

On 28 September 2004, Guaraní became an official language of Corrientes, alongside Spanish. It is the only Argentine Province with an official language other than Spanish.

Agriculture is one of the main activities in the province.  Crops include citrus, tobacco, rice, tea, cotton and yerba mate.

References 

Provinces of Argentina
Entre Ríos is a northeastern province of Argentina. The capital is Paraná.  It is on the Paraná River, opposite the city of Santa Fe.

Most of the money for the province comes from agriculture. Products include rice, soybeans, wheat, maize, and citrus.  The province also produces a large amount of chickens and eggs.

The land is almost completely flat.  The name of the province means "between rivers".  El Palmar National Park and Predelta National Park are here.

References

Provinces of Argentina
Sylvain Richard Cloutier (born February 13, 1974 in Mont-Laurier, Quebec) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey. He currently is a player coach of the Hull Stingrays of the Elite Ice Hockey League. He was drafted with the 70th overall pick by the Detroit Red Wings in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. He played 7 games in the NHL with the Chicago Blackhawks but never scored a point. He became the player coach of the Hull Stingrays of the EIHL in 2009. He is siblings with former NHL goaltender Dan Cloutier.

References

Other websites 

1974 births
Living people
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Chicago Blackhawks players
Canadian ice hockey centres
American Hockey League players
ECHL players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Ontario Hockey League players
Margaret is an English name that dates back to around the 11th century. The name was popular in the Middle Ages, though between the 16th and 18th centuries it became less popular. However, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the name became popular again. It was the second most popular female name in 1903. Since then, the name has become less popular again.

The name Maggie is a short form of Margaret. Other nicknames include Meg and Peggy.

Well known people
Famous Margarets include:
 Margaret Taylor - Former US First lady
 Margaret Thatcher - former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 Meg Whitman - CEO of Ebay
 Margaretha Grietje Zelle, better known as Mata Hari
 Margaret Cho, American comedian
 Margaret Hamilton - American actress
 Maggie Gyllenhaal - American actress
 Dame Maggie Smith - English actress
 Maggie Q - American actress

Given names
In economics two or more goods can be classified by looking at the demand curve when the price of one of these goods changes. That way they will either be classified as substitutes or complementary goods. Two goods are substitutes if the demand of one good increases and the price of the other good increases. In this case, consumers will replace one good with the other. 

Classic examples of substitute goods include margarine and butter, or tea and coffee. Substitute goods not only occur on the consumer side of the market but also the producer side. Substitutable producer goods would include: petroleum and natural gas (used for heating or electricity). The fact that one good is substitutable for another has immediate economic consequences: insofar as one good can be substituted for another, the demand for the two kinds of good will be bound together by the fact that customers can trade off one good for the other if they get an advantage by to do so.

Perfect substitutes can replace each other, without trade-off in costs, or quality. For imperfect substitutes, the customer has to make a trade-off, either in price, or in quality. Artificial leather is much cheaper than real leather, and can replace it in many situations - artificial and real leather are substitute goods. Real leather is much more durable, and has a different look and feel. When these factors are important, the two are not interchangeable. For this reason artificial and real leather are imperfect substitutes.

Microeconomics
Goods
Split is the second largest city in Croatia. About 211.000 people lived there in 2012. The city is the biggest and most important one in Dalmatia. It is often called capital of Dalmatia. About 400.000 people live in the metropolitan region. Split is located at the Adriatic Sea. Its port ofters year-round connections to most islands of Dalmatia. There is an important shipyard in Split. Other sources of income are tourism, fishery, paper mills, cement works  and some chemical industry.

Cities in Croatia
St. Lucie County Public Schools is the branding for St. Lucie County School District, which is the school district that manages schools in St. Lucie County, Florida, USA.

Schools
St. Lucie County Public Schools has elementary (K-6, K-8), middle and high schools

Elementary schools
 Bayshore Elementary
 C.A. Moore Elementary
 Fairlawn Elementary
 Floresta Elementary
 Frances K. Sweet Elementary
 Garden City Elementary
 Lakewood Park Elementary
 Lawnwood Elementary
 Mariposa Elementary
 Morningside Elementary
 Parkway Elementary
 Rivers Edge Elementary
 St. Lucie Elementary
 Savanna Ridge Elementary
 Village Green Elementary
 Weatherbee Elementary
 White City Elementary
 Windmill Point Elementary

K-8 schools
 Allapattah Flats
Dan McCarty School
 Fort Pierce Magnet School of the Arts
 Manatee K-8
 NAU Charter School
Northport K-8
Oak Hammock K-8
Palm Pointe Research School at Tradition
Renaissance Charter School
St. Lucie West K-8
Samuel S. Gaines Academy K-8
West Gate K-8

Middle schools
 Forest Grove Middle
 Southern Oaks Middle
 Southport Middle

High schools
College Preparatory Academy
 Fort Pierce Central High School
 Fort Pierce Westwood High School
 Lincoln Park Academy, 6-12
 Port St. Lucie High School
 St. Lucie West Centennial High School
 Treasure Coast High School

Higher education
 Florida Atlantic University PSL Campus
 Indian River State College Ft. Pierce and PSL Campus
 Keiser University PSL Campus
 University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural  Sciences, School of Medicine Ft. Pierce
 Barry University PSL Campus

References

Other websites
 Official site
 2012-2013 School Year Calendar 

Schools in the United States
Buildings and structures in Florida
in 1274 and in 1281 were major military events in Japanese history.  Kublai Khan twice tried to conquer the Japanese islands; and his armies failed both times. 

The two failed invasion attempts are important because they were defining events in Japanese history. 

The attempts show the limits of Mongol (Yuan Dynasty) ability to expand the Chinese empire.

Timeline
 November 19, 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month): Kublai Khan sent a fleet and an army to invade Japan. Some military forces landed near Fukuoka in Kyūshū; however, a storm sank many of the ships.  The major part of the invading army is drowned. The invaders retreat to Korea.  During the brief fighting, the Hakozaki Shrine was burned to the ground.  This is called the  or the "Bun'ei War".
 1281 (Kōan 4): There was a second Mongolian attempt to invade Japan. This is called the  or the "Kōan War".

Consequences
After the destruction of the Mongol invaders, Japan's independence was guaranteed.  A power struggle within Japan led to the growth of military governments and less Imperial power.

Related pages
 Kamikaze
 Kamakura shogunate

References

Other websites 

 Fukuoka/Hakata Tourist Information,  "Historic spots of Genko (Mongol invasion of Japan)"
 Bowdoin,  Mongol Invasions of Japan 

Wars involving Japan
Wars involving China
Mongol Empire
13th century in Japan
1274
1281
[[File:Genkoyoshi.svg|right|thumb|230px|Use of genkō yōshi (400 square sheet shown):1. Title on 1st line, first character in 4th square.2. Author's name on 2nd line: 1 square between family name and given name, and 1 empty square below3. First sentence of the essay begins on the 3rd line, 2nd square. Each new paragraph begins on the 2nd square4. Subheadings have 1 empty line before and after, and begin on the 3rd square of a new line5'''. Punctuation marks have their own square, except when they would occur at the top of a line. In that case they share a square with the last character of the previous line]]

 (or genkoyoshi) is a type of Japanese paper used for writing.  It is printed with squares.  There are typically 200 or 400 squares on each sheet.  Each square designed to accommodate a single Japanese character or punctuation mark. 
 Genkō yōshi may be used with any type of writing instruments  pencil, pen, or an ink brush.Genkō yōshi is used for vertical writing. On a sheet of genkō yōshi, there is no pre-determined order; there is instead a system of space, which can be designed freely.

One page of Japanese with 400 characters generally equals 225-250 words in English.  In other words, an essay of about 10,000 words would be the same as  40-45 genko yoshi.

HistoryGenkō yōshi'' came into common use in the  Meiji period. Newspapers and magazines needed to count characters.

References

Other websites 
 Amherst College,  Genkoyoshi

Japanese culture
Formosa Province is a province in northeastern Argentina. Its northeast end touches Asunción, Paraguay. The capital is Formosa. 

Formosa's protected areas are the Río Pilcomayo National Park and the Formosa National Reserve.

Formosa is one of the poorest provinces in Argentina.

Provinces of Argentina
The name Andrew is a masculine given name. It was a very popular name in English-speaking countries in the 1990s. Many celebrities and famous people have the name. A hurricane with the name cut across Florida and central Louisiana in 1992, causing more than $35 billion in destruction.

People named Andrew

Saints
 Saint Andrew, an apostle of Jesus
 Saint Andrew of Constantinople
 Saint Andrew Dũng-Lạc of the Vietnamese Martyrs
 Saint Andrew Kim Taegon of the Korean Martyrs

Kings
 King Andrew I of Hungary
 King Andrew II of Hungary
 King Andrew III of Hungary

Princes
 Prince Andrew, Duke of York, second son of Queen Elizabeth II

U.S. presidents
 Andrew Jackson (7th President of the United States of America)
 Andrew Johnson (17th President of the United States of America)

Given names
Jujuy is a province of Argentina.  It is in the far northwest of the country, at the borders with Chile and Bolivia.

References

Provinces of Argentina
La Pampa is a province of Argentina.  It is in the center of the country. Very few people live there.

History
In 1952, the province was renamed after Eva Perón. In 1955, it was changed back to La Pampa.

Economy
Agriculture gives a fourth to La Pampa's economy.  The most important activity is cattle ranching. Other livestock include sheep, goats and pigs.

Provinces of Argentina
La Rioja is one of the provinces of Argentina.  It is in the west side of the country. The province's two largest cities are La Rioja and Chilecito.

Petroglyphs at the Talampaya National Park are dated around 10,000 years BCE.

Provinces of Argentina