cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
John Noakes  (6 March 1934 – 28 May 2017) was a British television presenter and personality. He was best known for co-presenting the BBC children's magazine programme Blue Peter in the 1960s and 1970s. He remains the show's longest-serving presenter for a total of 12 years.

Noakes was born in Halifax, West Yorkshire. He studied at the Rishworth School. 

On 30 June 2015, Noakes was reported missing from his home in Andratx, Majorca. His wife issued the alert to local police, who confirmed that Noakes had a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and had been living with the condition for some years. He was found the same day close to his home and taken to hospital, having fallen into some long grass "in the bottom of a storm drain".

Noakes died on 28 May 2017 at his home in Andratx, Majorca, Spain from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 83.

References

Other websites
John Noakes BBC Blue Peter
A view of John Noakes as a childhood icon of the 1960s and 70's

1934 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in Spain
English television presenters
Actors from West Yorkshire
Farm Sanctuary is an animal protection organization founded in 1986 by Gene Baur and Lorri Houston.  It is the leading shelter for farm animals in the United States. Farm Sanctuary not only provides shelter to injured or endangered farm animals but also supports animal rights. The organization has a history of fighting laws that help the factory farming industry. Farm Sanctuary currently owns and operates three animal shelters in these cities: Watkins Glen, New York, Los Angeles, California and Orland, California. Combined, these locations house over 1000 farm animals, including chickens, cows, sheep, goats, pigs, ducks, rabbits, and geese.  Various books about Farm Sanctuary have been written by co-founder Gene Baur. These include Farm Sanctuary: Changing Hearts and Minds About Animals and Food and Living the Farm Sanctuary Life: The Ultimate Guide to Eating Mindfully, Living Longer, and Feeling Better Every Day.  Both of these books reached bestseller lists and have received national attention.

Related pages
Veganism
Vegetarianism
Animal rights

References

Animal rights activists
Marvin Panch (May 28, 1926 – December 31, 2015) was an American stock car racing driver. Panch won the 1961 Daytona 500. He also won seventeen NASCAR Grand National - now Sprint Cup Series - events during a 17-year career. He was born in Menomonie, Wisconsin.

Panch died of natural causes after he was found in his car in Port Orange, Florida at the age of 89.

References

Other websites

Réplica del Histórico Auto 

1926 births
2015 deaths
American racecar drivers
Deaths from natural causes
Sportspeople from Wisconsin
The Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish noble family who ruled over a large part of western Europe from 751 to 987. They were a line of mayors, kings, and princes who succeeded the Merovingian dynasty. The most famous member of the family was Charlemagne. The dynasty was named after Charlemagne's grandfather, Charles Martel. He was a Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia and Neustria. The mayors of the palace were the real power behind the throne. 

Charles Martel (meaning "the hammer") left his wealth and power to his two sons, Pepin III and Carloman. In 771 Carloman died leaving his half to Pepin who became Mayor of the Palace. When the last of the Merovingian kings, Childeric III, was deposed by the Pope in Rome, Pepin was made king of the Franks. Pope Stephen III traveled to France and placed the crown on his head. Pepin left the kingdom to his two sons, Charles and Carloman.

Charles and his brother shared the kingdom for some time. Carloman then traveled to Rome and became a monk. Charles became the sole king. He then earned his name "Charles the Great" (Charlemagne) by defeating the Lombards, the Saxons, and the Avars. In 800 Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III. The dynasty was passed down to his son, Louis the Pious and to his grandsons. By the time Louis inherited the kingdom the Carolingian Empire had already started to decline. By the end of the 9th century it came to an end. With the collapse of the empire the dynasty came to an end.

References 

Frankish rulers
Royal dynasties
Gabriel Tambon (23 March 1930 – 27 December 2015) was a French politician for the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). He served as the Mayor of Le Castellet, Var from 1965 until his death. He was born in Castellet, Vaucluse.

Tambon died on 27 December 2015 at the age of 85.

References

1930 births
2015 deaths
French mayors
People from Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur
Åge Nordkild (19 September 1951 – 28 December 2015) was a Norwegian Sami politician. He was a member of the Norwegian Sami Association. He held many places in the Sami Parliament from 2001 to 2005 and 2009 to 2013. He was born in Narvik.

Nordkild died on 28 December 2015 at the age of 64.

References

1951 births
2015 deaths
Norwegian politicians
Frederick Herman "Fred" Tuttle (July 18, 1919 – October 4, 2003) was an American dairy farmer, actor and 1998 candidate for the U.S. Senate from the state of Vermont for the Republican Party. He was born in Tunbridge, Vermont. He appeared in movies such as Nosey Parker and Man with a Plan.

Tuttle ran against senator Patrick Leahy in the Vermont senate elections. He lost in a landslide to Leahy. Tuttle was described by Senator Leahy as "the distilled essence of Vermonthood". He was thought by many to be an example of the "everyman".

Tuttle died of a heart attack in his farm in Tunbridge, Vermont at the age of 84.

References

1919 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American movie actors
Actors from Vermont
Politicians from Vermont
US Republican Party politicians
Robert Eugene "Bob" Richards (born February 20, 1926), nicknamed the "Vaulting Vicar" or the "Pole Vaulting Parson" in his competitive days, was an American athlete who was known for pole vaulting in the Olympics. He competed in the 1948 (where he won a bronze medal), 1952 (gold medal), and 1956 Summer Olympics (gold medal) as a pole vaulter, and as a decathlete in 1956.

Richards was born in Champaign, Illinois. He studied at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.

References

Other websites

1926 births
Living people
American Olympic bronze medalists
American Olympic gold medalists
American track and field athletes
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
People from Champaign, Illinois
Sportspeople from Illinois
Barbara Byrd–Bennett (born April 12, 1951) is an American educator.

Career
Byrd–Bennett was the Chief Executive officer of the Chicago Public Schools district and the Cleveland Municipal School District. Byrd–Bennett served as CEO of the Cleveland Municipal School District from 1998 to 2006. From 2009 to 2011, she was the academic and accountability officer for the Detroit Public Schools system. She was hired as the Chicago Public Schools' chief education advisor in April 2012 and then named CEO by Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel six months later.

Illegal activity
She resigned from CPS in 2015 amid a bribery investigation, which led to her pleading guilty to multiple charges. She could go to jail for 7 and a half years.

References

1951 births
Living people
American fraudsters
Civil servants
Criminals from New York City
Criminals from Chicago
Criminals from Michigan
Criminals from Ohio
Democrats (United States)
People from Brooklyn
Educators from Cleveland, Ohio
Educators from Detroit, Michigan
Educators from New York City
Educators from Chicago
Forrest Claypool (born 1958 in Vandalia, Illinois) is an American politician. He was the superintendent of the Chicago Public Schools system serving from the resignation of Barbara Byrd-Bennett in June 2015 until his own resignation in December 2017.

Before becoming superintendent, Claypool has held several positions in the governments of Chicago, Cook County, and the State of Illinois. He was the Democratic member of the Cook County Board of Commissioners, Chief of Staff to Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel, and President of the Chicago Transit Authority.

In 2007–2008, Claypool served as a key member of Barack Obama campaign's media team, in his capacity as a longtime partner of David Axelrod.

References

1958 births
Living people
Educators from Chicago
Civil servants
Politicians from Chicago
US Democratic Party politicians
David M. Axelrod (born February 22, 1955) is an American political operative and analyst. He is best known as the Chief Strategist for Barack Obama's presidential campaigns.  After Obama's election, Axelrod was appointed as Senior Advisor to the President. Axelrod left the White House position in early 2011 and became the Senior Strategist for Obama's successful re-election campaign in 2012.

He now serves as the director of the non-partisan Institute of Politics at the University of Chicago and is a Senior Political Commentator for CNN. In April 2014 it emerged that Axelrod had been appointed senior strategic adviser to the British Labour Party to assist party leader Ed Miliband in the run-up to the 2015 general election.

References

Other websites

AKPD Media
ASGK Public Strategies 

The Agony and The Agony, Patrick T. Reardon, Chicago Tribune, June 24, 2007
Profile: David Axelrod, Ned Temko, The Guardian, July 27, 2008
Long by Obama’s Side, an Adviser Fills a Role That Exceeds His Title, Jeff Zeleny, The New York Times, October 26, 2008
President’s Political Protector Is Ever Close at Hand, Jeff Zeleny, The New York Times, March 8, 2009

1955 births
Living people
American political writers
American political commentators
Writers from New York City
Roslyn ( ) is a village in Nassau County, New York, on the North Shore of Long Island. As of the United States 2010 Census, the village population was 2,770. Roslyn was once called Hempstead Harbor, but its name changed to Roslyn on September 7, 1844.

References

Other websites

 Roslyn, New York 
 Pictures and Info on Roslyn's Historic Estates

Villages in New York
Carrier's constraint is an observation about air-breathing vertebrates which flex their bodies sideways when moving. They find it very difficult to move and breathe at the same time. The sideways flexing expands one lung and compresses the other, shunting stale air from lung to lung instead of expelling it completely to make room for fresh air.

It was named, by English paleontologist Richard Cowen, after David R. Carrier, who wrote his observations on the problem in 1987.

Many amphibia and reptiles can and do move very fast over short distances. They do it by moving without breathing, which builds up an "oxygen debt". Humans sometimes do this when running very quickly. 100-metre sprinters do not breathe during a race. They collapse and recover afterwards. Many reptiles and amphibians are ambush predators, which fits that kind of life quite well. There is no reptile or amphibian equivalent to dogs or deer, with their huge capacity for running long distances. 

There are, however, some reptiles which get round the Carrier constraint. Snakes, for example have only one lung. And, of course, dinosaurs were bipedal to start with, and most groups stayed bipedal to the end. Lizards run in short bursts with brief pauses. Carrier was able to show that they breathed in the pauses.

References 

Tetrapods
Respiratory system
Islamabad United () is one of the six teams which plays in the Pakistan Super League (PSL). The team represents the city of Islamabad and was founded in 2015. It is owned by Ali Naqvi and Amna Naqvi (Leonine Global Sports). Misbah-ul-Haq is the captain of Islamabad United, while the head coach is Dean Jones.

Squad

References

Cricket clubs
Islamabad
Pakistan Super League
2015 establishments in Pakistan
Karachi Kings (; ) is one of the six teams which plays in the Pakistan Super League (PSL). The team represents the city of Karachi and was founded in 2015. It is owned by the Salman Iqbal (ARY Group). Imad Wasim is the captain of Karachi Kings, while the head coach is Mickey Arthur.

Squad

References

Other websites
 Official website

Cricket clubs
Karachi
Pakistan Super League
2015 establishments in Pakistan
Lahore Qalandars (Urdu/) is one of the six teams which plays in the Pakistan Super League (PSL). The team represents the city of Lahore and was founded in 2015. It is owned by Fawad Rana (Qatar Lubricants Company Limited (QALCO)). Brendon McCullum is the captain of Lahore Qalandars, while the head coach is Aqib Javed.

Squad

References

Other websites
 Official website

Cricket clubs
Lahore
Pakistan Super League
2015 establishments in Pakistan
Peshawar Zalmi (; ) is one of the six teams which plays in the Pakistan Super League (PSL). The team represents the city of Peshawar and was founded in 2015. Zalmi in the name means Youth. It is owned by Javed Afridi (Haier Pakistan). Darren Sammy is the captain of Peshawar Zalmi, while the head coach is Mohammad Akram.

Squad

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Cricket clubs
Peshawar
Pakistan Super League
2015 establishments in Pakistan
Quetta Gladiators () is one of the six teams which plays in the Pakistan Super League (PSL). The team represents the city of Quetta and was founded in 2015. It is owned by Nadeem Omar (Omar Associates). Sarfaraz Ahmed is the captain of Quetta Gladiators, while the head coach is Moin Khan.

Squad

References

Cricket clubs
Quetta
Pakistan Super League
2015 establishments in Pakistan
Dallas Murray "Dal" Richards, CM, OBC (5 January 1918 - 31 December 2015) was a Canadian big band leader. 

Richards led his band for many years in a weekly CBC Radio show broadcast nationally from the Panorama Roof Ballroom of the Hotel Vancouver.  , Richards also hosts a weekly one-hour show on radio station CISL. Richards is commonly thought to be the lyricist of "Roar You Lions Roar", the fight song of the BC Lions football club set to the music of "I Love the Sunshine of Your Smile".

References

1918 births
2015 deaths
Bandleaders
Musicians from British Columbia
People from Vancouver
Michael Garver "Mike" Oxley (February 11, 1944 – January 1, 2016) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican party. He served as a U.S. representative from the 4th congressional district of Ohio. He was born in Findlay, Ohio.

Oxley died of lung cancer in McLean, Virginia on January 1, 2016 at the age of 71.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Interview on The BusinessMakers Show.

1944 births
2016 deaths
United States representatives from Ohio
Lawyers from Ohio
US Republican Party politicians
Politicians from Ohio
Fazu Aliyeva (December 5, 1932, Iasi – January 1, 2016, Makhachkala, Russia) Avar speaking-Soviet-born Russian poet, novelist and journalist. She has made a significant role to the development of Dagestani in Russian literature. She is also known for being a human rights activist.

She was awarded two Orders of the "Badge of Honor" and two Orders of Friendship of Peoples, the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle in 2002. She was  awarded the Gold Medal of the Soviet Peace Fund and the Jubilee Medal of the World Peace Council, as well as honorary awards in several foreign countries.

Aliyeva was born in the Khunzakhsky District. She died in Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia on January 1, 2016, from heart failure at the age of 83.

References

Other websites
 Biography 
 Fazu Aliyeva poetry 

1932 births
2016 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Russia
Deaths from heart failure
Human rights activists
Russian journalists
Russian novelists
Russian poets
Soviet writers
Joseph Brooks, born Joseph Kaplan (March 11, 1938 – May 22, 2011), and also known as Joe Brooks or Joey Brooks, was an American composer, director, producer, and screenwriter. He was born in Manhattan, New York.

He was a known writer of advertising jingles and wrote the hit songs "My Ship Is Comin' In", "If Ever I See You Again", and "You Light Up My Life", he later composed the hit movie of the same name which he also wrote, directed, and produced. He won a Grammy Award, Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for it.

In his later years he became the subject of an investigation after being accused of a series of casting-couch rapes. He was indicted in 2009. On May 22, 2011, before he could be brought to trial, Brooks committed suicide in his Upper East Side, Manhattan home by placing a bag over his head with a hose from a helium tank connected to it. He was 73 years old. On May 23, 2011, the medical examiner ruled that Brooks had committed suicide, citing asphyxia by helium.

References

Other websites
 
 

Grammy Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning composers
Academy Award winning composers
1938 births
2011 deaths
Suicides by asphyxiation
Suicides in the United States
American composers
American rapists
People from Manhattan
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Criminals from New York City
Albert Horton Foote, Jr. (March 14, 1916 – March 4, 2009) was an American playwright and screenwriter. He was best known for his screenplays for the 1962 movei To Kill a Mockingbird and the 1983 movie Tender Mercies. He was born in Wharton, Texas. He won two Academy Awards (1962, 1983), a Pulitzer Prize (1995) and an Emmy Award (1997).

Foote died of natural causes in Hartford, Connecticut at the age of 92.

References

Other websites
 
 

Academy Award winning writers
Emmy Award winners
Pulitzer Prize winners
1916 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American playwrights
American screenwriters
Writers from Texas
"When We Were Young" is a song by English singer-songwriter Adele from her third studio album, 25.  The song is the fourth track on the album.  It has reached the top fifteen on the US Billboard Hot 100.  The song reached the top ten in the UK and Canada.  It is the second single from 25, after "Hello".

The song is similar to "Hello" because it is influenced by soul music, except "When We Were Young" has a slower tempo.  It discusses the theme of youth and remembering the times of one's youth.

Credits and personnel
 Adele Adkins - songwriting, vocals
 Tobias Jesso Jr. - songwriting, backing vocals, piano
 Ariel Rechtshaid - production, backing vocals

Live performances
Adele first performed the song live on Adele at the BBC, which was recorded at The London Studios on 2 November 2015 and broadcast on BBC One on 20 November. She performed the song on Saturday Night Live on 22 November. Adele also performed the song on Adele Live in New York City, which was recorded at a one-night-only show at Radio City Music Hall on 17 November and broadcast on NBC on 14 December. A version of the song was filmed live at The Church Studios, where much of 25 was recorded, and released via Vevo. Adele performed "When We Were Young" as the closing song on the 2016 Brit Awards in London. At Glastonbury Festival 2016, Adele performed this song the live for over 135,000 people.

Notes

References

2015 songs
2010s ballads
Adele songs
Soul songs
Barbara Rush (born January 4, 1927) is an American stage, movie, and television actress. She is known for her roles in It Came from Outer Space!, Bigger Than Life, When Worlds Collide, The Young Philadelphians, and Robin and the Seven Hoods. She also appeared on television shows such as Peyton Place, Batman, All My Children, 7th Heaven and Knight Rider. She won a Golden Globe Award in 1954.

Other websites

Golden Globe Award winning actors
1927 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Denver, Colorado
Raoul A. Walsh (March 11, 1887December 31, 1980) was an American film director and actor. He also founded the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He was known for playing the part of John Wilkes Booth in the movie The Birth of a Nation (1915). He also directed films like The Big Trail (1930) starring John Wayne, High Sierra (1941) starring Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart, and White Heat (1949) with James Cagney and Edmond O'Brien.

Death 
Walsh died on December 31,1980 and as buried in Ventura County, California.

References

1887 births
1980 deaths
American movie actors
American movie directors
Joanna Angel, born as Joanna Mostov, (born December 25, 1980) is an American alternative pornographic and mainstream actress, director, writer of adult movies, and former stripper.

Early life
Angel was born in Brooklyn, New York to an Orthodox Jewish family. She was raised in River Edge, New Jersey, and studied at Rutgers University.

Career
She became famous for creating an adult dating website called BurningAngel. Following the success of Burning Angel, Angel has been featured in numerous magazines and newspapers, including The New York Times. She has appeared in over 150 adult movies and has directed over 50 adult movies.

Personal life
Angel dated fellow porn star James Deen for six years. On December 2, 2015, Angel appeared on The Jason Ellis Show to give more details about her "violent and scary" six-year relationship with Deen. 

Angel is a Democrat. In 2015, she endorsed Bernie Sanders for President of the United States in the upcoming 2016 U.S. presidential election.

References

Other websites

 
 
 "I’m a Porn Star, and I Believe in God"
 "Sociology Of Sexuality lecture at UC Irvine" 

1980 births
Living people
Actors from Brooklyn
Actors from New Jersey
American erotic dancers
American movie directors
American pornographic actors
Democrats (United States)
Jewish American actors
Jewish American writers
Jewish screenwriters
Jewish sex industry people
Movie directors from New Jersey
Movie directors from New York City
Pornographic movie directors
Stage names
Writers from Brooklyn
Writers from New Jersey
Lasse Erik Pöysti (24 January 1927 – 5 April 2019) was a Finnish actor, director, theatre manager and writer. He has acted both in Finnish and Swedish language.

Biography 
Pöysti began his career as a child actor. He was known for his role in the movie Suomisen Perhe (1941). He also appeared on stage mostly on Strindberg plays Gustav III () and Erik XIV.

He played his last role at theatre stage in Helsinki City Theatre at the age of 85.

From 1952 to 1984, he was married to actress Birgitta Ulfsson.

Filmography
1999 – Lapin kullan kimallus
1995 – Vita lögner
1995 – Petri tårar
1993 – Rosenbaum (TV-series)
1993 – Macklean (TV-series)
1989 – Tjurens år
1989 – Dårfinkar och dönickar
1986 – På liv och död
1986 – Flucht in den Norden
1984 – Dirty Story
1982 – Ingenjör Andrées luftfärd
1980 – Det blir jul på Möllegården (TV-series) 
1980 – Barna från Blåsjöfjället
1979 – Linus eller Tegelhusets hemlighet
1979 – Herr Puntila and His Servant Matti
1978 – The Adventures of Picasso
1969–1970 – Mumintrollet (TV-series)
1966 – Syskonbädd 1782
1964 – Bröllopsbesvär
1951 – Radio tekee murron
1942 – Suomisen Ollin tempaus

References

Other websites

1927 births
2019 deaths
Finnish movie actors
Finnish movie directors
Finnish stage actors
Finnish television actors
Finnish writers
The flag of New Zealand was adopted in 1907. It has the Union Flag of the United Kingdom in the upper left quarter, and the Southern Cross on a blue ground. it picks up the country's position as an island in a southern ocean, and its British heritage.

There was a referendum going on to find a replacement flag in 2015. New Zealanders voted to keep the original flag and not change it.

New Zealand
New Zealand
Tove Marika Jansson (Finland ; 9 August 1914 – 27 June 2001) was a Finnish-born novelist, painter, illustrator and comic strip author. For her contribution as a children's writer she received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1966.

Jansson is best known as the author of the Moomin books for children. The first such book, The Moomins and the Great Flood, appeared in 1945, though it was the next two books, Comet in Moominland and Finn Family Moomintroll, published in 1946 and 1948 respectively, that brought her fame.

Jansson died in Helsinki, Finland from natural causes at the age of 86.

References

Other websites

Tove Jansson  at www.moomin.com 
Tove Jansson  at Schildts
Tove Jansson and the altarpiece "Ten Virgins" 
Tove Jansson at WSOY 
thisisFINLAND: People – Tove Jansson: writer, painter and illustrator
The Moomin Trove Comprehensive lists of Tove Jansson's Moomin books
Tove Jansson and The Moomin Trove by Finland Travel Club
Moominland Tales: The Life of Tove Jansson (BBC) by Eleanor Yule

1914 births
2001 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Swedish children's writers
Writers from Helsinki
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), previously known as multiple organ failure (MOF), Total organ failure(TOF) or multisystem organ failure (MSOF), is when the organ function is acutely ill and the patient is required medical intervention to achieve homeostasis. It usually involves two or more organ systems.

The use of "multiple organ failure" or "multisystem organ failure" should be avoided since that phrase was based upon physiological parameters to determine whether or not a particular organ was failing.

Cause
The condition usually results from infection, injury (accident, surgery), hypoperfusion and hypermetabolism. The primary cause triggers an uncontrolled inflammatory response. Sepsis is the most common cause in operative and non-operative patients. Sepsis may result in septic shock.

Stages
Four clinical phases have been suggested:
Stage 1 the patient has increased volume requirements and mild respiratory alkalosis which is accompanied by oliguria, hyperglycemia and increased insulin requirements.
Stage 2 the patient is tachypneic, hypocapnic and hypoxemic; develops moderate liver dysfunction and possible hematologic abnormalities.
Stage 3 the patient develops shock with azotemia and acid-base disturbances; has significant coagulation abnormalities.
Stage 4 the patient is vasopressor dependent and oliguric or anuric; subsequently develops ischemic colitis and lactic acidosis.

References

Other websites
 The ICU Book by Marino 
 Cecil Textbook of Medicine
 The Oxford Textbook of Medicine 
 Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 

Organ failure
Medical emergencies
The crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela) is a medium-sized bird of prey. It is found in forested habitats across tropical Asia. It is found in a wide range across the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia and East Asia. There are a number of variations and some authorities prefer to treat several of its subspecies as completely separate species. In the past, several species including the Philippine serpent eagle (S. holospila), Andaman serpent eagle (S. elgini) and South Nicobar serpent eagle (S. klossi) were treated as subspecies of the Crested serpent eagle.

Physical description 
All members within the species complex have a large looking head with long feathers on the back of the head giving them a crested appearance. The face is bare and yellow joining up with the beak. Its powerful feet are unfeathered and heavily scaled. They fly over the forest canopy on broad wings and their tails have wide white and black bars. They call often with a loud, piercing and familiar three or two-note call.

Behavior 
This raptor sits motionless from a high perch watching for prey. When prey is found it drops almost straight down to pounce. They often feed on snakes, giving them their name and are placed along with the Circaetus snake-eagles in the subfamily Circaetinae. In addition to snakes it catches reptiles as well as small mammals and birds. It will take a dead snake whenever it finds one. They are often seen soaring over their territory in pairs. In Japan they are usually found very close to forest edges and wet marshlands.

Role in the ecosystem 
Crested serpent eagles are apex predators and at the top of their food chain. They are a good indicator of the health of the ecosystem they occupy. They control snake populations and also those of other small mammals and reptiles. They are a common sight in places such as India. The species is not globally threatened. On most lists they are of least concern.

References 

Accipitriformes
Birds of China
Birds of India
Birds of Indonesia
Birds of Pakistan
Least concern species
Nimr Baqr al-Nimr (‎; 1959 – 2 January 2016), better known as Sheikh Nimr, was a Saudi Shia Sheikh and human rights activist. He was a Sheikh from around 2008 until his death. He was one of the best known Shia clerics in Saudi Arabia. In July 2012, he was arrested by Saudi police and shot in the leg. He was put on trial for terrorism charges and sentenced to death in October 2014.

Early life and education 
Al-Nimr was born in Al-Awamiyah, Qatif. He studied for about ten years in Tehran, Iran and also studied in Syria.

Death 
Al-Nimr was among the prisoners killed by beheading in a mass execution on 2 January 2016. He was 56.

References

Other websites

1959 births
2016 deaths
Executed people
Human rights activists
Muslims
People executed by decapitation
Religious leaders
The scale insects are small bugs of the order Hemiptera. They are the superfamily Coccoidea.  There are about 8,000 described species of scale insects. They are ectoparasites of plants, like most bugs. They sit on the outside of plants, stick their mouthparts inside, and suck up the plant sap.

Adult female scales usually do not move: they are permanently attached to the plant they have parasitized.  They secrete a waxy coating for defence. The coating makes them look like  fish scales, hence their common name.

Males and females are quite different form each other. This is sexual dimorphism. Female scale insects keep their juvenile shape even when sexually mature (a condition known as neoteny). Adult males usually have wings (depending on their species) but never feed, and die within a day or two.

The details of their reproductive systems vary greatly between species. Three types of hermaphroditism are known, and at least seven forms of parthenogenesis.

Their young, known as crawlers, lose the use of their legs if they are female, and stay put for life. Only the males keep their legs and use them in seeking females for mating.

Pest control 
Many scale insects are serious crop pests.  The waxy covering  protects them from contact insecticides. However, scales may be controlled. Horticultural oils suffocate them, and systemic pesticides poison the sap of the host plants. Biological control agents such as tiny parasitoid wasps and Coccinellid beetles also work on them.  
Insecticidal soap may also be used against scales.

References 

Hemiptera
Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama movie. It was directed by Cameron Crowe and it was produced by Cameron Crowe and Scott Rudin. Aloha was released on May 29, 2015.

The movie got negative reviews from critics. It has a 20% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Aloha was also a box office bomb and only made $26.3 million from its $37 million budget. The Hollywood Reporter estimated that the movies financial losses were close to $65 million by the time the movie ended its run in theatres.

The movie was criticized by Media Action Network for Asian-Americans for "whitewashing" the cast. Director Cameron Crowe said in a response: "I have heard your words and your disappointment, and I offer you a heart-felt apology to all who felt this was an odd or misguided casting choice. As far back as 2007, Captain Allison Ng was written to be a super-proud one quarter Hawaiian who was frustrated that, by all outward appearances, she looked nothing like one. A half-Chinese father was meant to show the surprising mix of cultures often prevalent in Hawaii. Extremely proud of her unlikely heritage, she feels personally compelled to over-explain every chance she gets. The character was based on a real-life, red-headed local who did just that." Emma Stone said that whitewashing was a problem in Hollywood and that she regretted being miscast.

Cast 
 Bradley Cooper as Brian Gilcrest
 Emma Stone as Captain Allison Ng
 Rachel McAdams as Tracy Woodside
 Bill Murray as Carson Welch
 John Krasinski as John "Woody" Woodside
 Danny McBride as Colonel "Fingers" Lacy
 Alec Baldwin as General Dixon
 Bill Camp as Bob Largent
 Michael Chernus as Roy
 Jaeden Lieberher as Mitchell
 Danielle Rose Russell as Grace
 Edi Gathegi as Lieutenant Colonel Curtis
 Bumpy Kanahele as himself

References

Other websites 

2015 comedy-drama movies
2015 romance movies
2010s romantic comedy movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
Columbia Pictures movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Cameron Crowe
Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan (25 September 1924 – 2 January 2016) was an Indian communist politician. He was the general secretary of the Communist Party of India (CPI) from 1996 until 2012.

Bardhan was born in Barisal, Bengal Presidency, British India (now in Bangladesh). His wife died in 1986. They had two children.

Bardhan had a paralytic stroke in December 2015. He died on 2 January 2016 in New Delhi, aged 91.

References

1924 births
2016 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in India
Communist politicians
Deaths from stroke
Indian politicians
Thanat Khoman (also Thanad; ; ; May 9, 1914 – March 3, 2016) was a Thai former diplomat and politician. He was Foreign Minister from 1959 to 1971, chairman of the Democrat Party from 1979 to 1982, and Deputy Prime Minister from 1980 to 1982.

Forming of ASEAN
He and foreign ministers of 4 other countries, were responsible for starting ASEAN.

Death
Khoman died in Bangkok, Thailand of respiratory failure on March 3, 2016 at the age of 101.

References

1914 births
2016 deaths
Centenarians
Civil servants
Deaths from respiratory failure
Asian diplomats
Thanat Khoman
World War II people
Richard Francis "Dick" Gordon, Jr. (October 5, 1929 – November 6, 2017), (Capt, USN, Ret.), was an American former naval officer and aviator, chemist, test pilot, and NASA astronaut. He was one of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon, as the Command Module Pilot for the Apollo 12 mission. He was born in Seattle, Washington.

Gordon, Jr. died on November 6, 2017 at his home in San Marcos, California at the age of 88.

References

Other websites

Official website of Dick Gordon
Gordon's official NASA biography
Astronautix biography of Richard F. Gordon, Jr.
Spacefacts biography of Richard F. Gordon, Jr.
About Richard F. Gordon, Jr.

1929 births
2017 deaths
Apollo astronauts
American aviators
Businesspeople from Seattle, Washington
American chemists
American military people
Scientists from Seattle, Washington
Alan LaVern Bean (March 15, 1932 – May 26, 2018), (Capt, USN, Ret.), was an American former naval officer and aviator, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, and NASA astronaut. 

He was the fourth person to walk on the Moon. He was selected to become an astronaut by NASA in 1963 as part of Astronaut Group 3. He made his first flight into space aboard Apollo 12, the second manned mission to land on the Moon, at the age of thirty-seven years in November 1969.

Bean died at a hospital in Houston, Texas on May 26, 2018 from a short-illness at the age of 86.

References

Other websites

 Alan Bean Online Gallery - An authorized gallery of all his paintings
 Bean's official NASA biography
 Astronautix biography of Alan Bean
 Spacefacts biography of Alan Bean
 Bean at International Space Hall of Fame 
 Ocean of Storms with Alan Bean
 
 Alan Bean at the National Aviation Hall of Fame
 Bean at Encyclopedia of Science
 Bean at Spaceacts 
 Official publisher website for Homesteading Space

1932 births
2018 deaths
Apollo astronauts
Scientists from Texas
Lewis Lee Millett Sr. (December 15, 1920 – November 14, 2009) was an American military person. He was a United States Army officer who received the Medal of Honor during the Korean War for leading the last major American bayonet charge. Millett was born in Mechanic Falls, Maine. He later served in the Vietnam War as well. He retired from the Army in 1973.

Millett died in Loma Linda, California from congestive heart failure at the age of 88. He was buried with full military honors in Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside, California.

References

Other websites

 

1920 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
American military people
People from Maine
Frances Cress Welsing (Frances Luella Cress; March 18, 1935 – January 2, 2016) was an American afrocentrist and psychiatrist. She was born in Chicago, Illinois. Welsing is known for her views on white supremacy. According to Welsing, White people are the result of genetic mutation and are the children of Africans. She is the author of the well-known The Isis Papers (1991).

Welsing suffered a stroke on January 1, 2016. She was placed under critical condition at a Washington, D.C.-area hospital. Welsing died a few hours later on the morning of January 2, 2016. She was 80 years old.

References

Other websites
 Ortiz de Montellano, B. (2001) Magic Melanin: Spreading Scientific Illiteracy to Minorities.

1935 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Educators from Chicago
American psychiatrists
Writers from Chicago
Scientists from Chicago
Lohoré Steve Ulrich Gohouri (8 February 1981 – December 2015), better known as Steve Gohouri, was an Ivorian professional footballer. He played as a defender from 1998 until his death. He played for Paris Saint-Germain, Vaduz, BSC Young Boys, Borussia Mönchengladbach, Wigan Athletic, Maccabi Tel Aviv and Bologna.

Gohouri was born in Treichville, Abidjan.

Gohouri went missing in December 2015 in Germany. He was found dead on 31 December 2015 in the river Rhine. His death was announced on 2 January 2016. He was 34.

References

Other websites
 
 

1981 births
2015 deaths
2010 FIFA World Cup players
Ivorian footballers
A decathalon is a sporting event. It has ten track and field events. It consists of 4 runs, 3 jumps and 3 throws

The word decathalon comes from the Greek language. It has two parts; δέκα (déka, meaning "ten") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "feat").

Events in athletics
Summer Olympic sports
Laundry is the washing of clothing. Laundry is often done in a special room called a laundry room. Some shared homes have shared laundry rooms. Businesses that wash clothes are called laundromats or launderettes.

Laundry is done by washing with soap and water or detergent and water. The clothing is stirred roughly in the soapy water, and then moved to be rinsed in clean water. Washing can be done by hand or with a washing machine. The clothing is dried in a clothes dryer or on a clothesline. Sometimes after the clothes are dry, they are ironed or pressed.

References 

Clothing
Hygiene
Rooms
A clothes dryer or tumble dryer is a machine that is used to remove water from clothing after it is washed. A dryer has a rotating cylinder called a "drum' that holds clothes and lets hot air in to evaporate the water. Then the heated air and water vapor exit through a vent. The drum spins so that the clothing stays apart making the hot air work better. Dryers can use electricity to both operate the machine and create heat to dry the clothes. Others use natural gas to create the heat.

Ventless clothes dryers work differently since they cannot vent the hot air. The two types of ventless dryers are condensation dryers and heat pump dryers. Condensation dryers heat the air the same as a regular dryer, but use a heat exchanger. The air is cooled and the water goes down a drain. A heat pump dryer works similarly but passes the air a heat pump. The water either goes down the drain or into a collection tank.

References 

Home appliances
Clothing
The Byzantine calendar was a calendar used by the Eastern Orthodox Church from the year 691 A.D. to 1728. It was also used by the Byzantine empire from 988 A.D. to 1453, when the empire fell, and by Russia from 988 A.D. to 1700. The Byzantine calendar is like the Julian calendar, but the year starts on 1 September instead of 1 January. Year one of the Byzantine calendar is from 1 September, 5509 B.C. to 31 August, 5508 B.C.

Background 
The Great Schism, dated to 1054, created two religions from what was formerly one. The Western part later became the Roman Catholic Church. The Eastern part is known as the Eastern Orthodox Church. At that time the Roman Catholic church used the Julian calendar. In 1453 the Byzantine Empire collapsed ending the use of their calendar. But others still used it, notably Russia. Numbering differences began to appear when the Gregorian calendar was introduced in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII.

Other differences 
The Roman calendar did not include dates for Old Testament prophets. The Byzantine calendar does.

Russia 
Peter the great became tsar of Russia in 1682. At the time the Russians used a form of the Julian calendar with Byzantine influence. The calendar year started on 1 September and not 1 January. The years were numbered from the date given as earth's creation and not from the birth of Christ. Peter changed the calendar to start on January 1 and numbered the years from Christ's birth. But he continued basing the calendar on the Julian system instead of the Gregorian calendar. By the early 1800s the Russian calendar was 12 days behind the Gregorian calendar used by western Europe. So dating something between the two systems became a problem. Dating notations such as 1 March O.S. (meaning Old Style, Julian or Russian) were used. Another example is 16 May 1582 N.S. (New Style or Gregorian calendar). Other notations included both: 25 October/6 November 1917, trying to show how the same day appeared in different calendars. 

On 1 January 1700, by decree of Peter the Great, the Russian/Byzantine calendar was no longer used.

References

Calendars
Byzantine Empire
A file allocation table (FAT) is a way that computers look up stored data on a storage device. These include floppy disks, USB flash drives, SD cards and other high capacity storage devices. 

A FAT is a list of clusters that show where a computer file is stored. These clusters are not necessarily right next to each other but can be scattered over the disk or storage medium. The FAT is always located in the first few clusters of a storage device.There are always two identical copies, one being a backup of the other.

The FAT file system is a legacy file system that is both simple and robust. It works well even in lightweight uses. But it cannot deliver the same speed, reliability and scalability as some modern file systems. It is, however, supported for compatibility reasons by nearly all currently developed operating systems for personal computers. It is also supported by many mobile devices and embedded systems. That makes it a well suited format for data exchange between computers and devices of almost any type and age from 1981 up to the present.

History 
It was originally designed in 1977 for use on floppy disks. FAT was soon adapted and used almost universally on hard disks throughout the DOS and Windows 9x eras for two decades. As disk drives improved, the capabilities of the file system have been extended accordingly. This has resulted in three major file system variants: FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32. The FAT standard has also been expanded in other ways while generally preserving backward compatibility with existing software.

With the introduction of more powerful computers and operating systems FAT is no longer the default file system for use on Microsoft Windows computers.

Modern use 
FAT file systems are still commonly found on floppy disks, USB sticks, flash and other solid-state memory cards. DCF uses FAT as the standard file system for digital cameras. FAT is also utilized in the boot stage of EFI-compliant computers.

References

Other websites 
 File Allocation Table; YouTube
 FAT
 FAT File Systems, Microsoft

Computer file formats
A cheque (or check) is a paper used to give money from one person or business to another person or business. To the person getting the cheque, it is a paper that allows them to go to a bank and get money. To the person writing the cheque, it is a promise to pay the bank that is giving the money to the person who turned the cheque in.

Cheques must be written to a person or business. A cheque that is not written to anyone can be very bad because if it is lost, anyone who finds it can get the money. A cheque that is written to a person but does not have the amount of money written is a blank cheque.

Cheques have been used since over a thousand years ago. However, they became popular in the 20th century for paying money without using cash.

Parts of a cheque 
The four main parts of a cheque are:
 Drawer, the person who makes the cheque
 Payee, the person who gets the money
 Drawee, the bank that pays the money for the cheque
 Amount, the amount that has to be paid
When more people started to use cheques, more things were added to make them more secure and easy to track. They started to require the drawer's signature to be confirmed. The signature on a cheque is the main way to tell if a cheque is real. Cheques also started to need the amount written in words and numbers. This made it harder to make mistakes and harder to change the cheque after it was already written.

Issue dates have also been added to cheques. A cheque is invalid if a long time has passed since the issue date. A cheque with an issue date in the past is called an antedated cheque. A cheque with an issue date in the future is called a post-dated cheque. Usually, a person cannot get money from a post-dated cheque until after the issue date has passed.

Cheque numbers are also used often. Every cheque has a different cheque number. This is to make sure people can't get money twice from one cheque.

Accounting
Banks
Commerce
Currency
Documents
Legal terms
Money
Trade
Jean-Michel Delpech (26 January 1946 – 2 January 2016), better known as Michel Delpech, was a French singer-songwriter and actor. He began his career in 1964. He released thirteen albums and over 50 singles. He appeared in the movie The Beloved (2011).

Delph was born in Courbevoie, Hauts-de-Seine. He was married to Chantal Simon until their divorce in 1976. He later married Geneviève Garnier-Fabre in 1985. He had three children.

Delph died from throat cancer on 2 January 2016 in Puteaux. He was 69.

References

Other websites

 

1946 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Ile-de-France
Cancer deaths in France
Deaths from throat cancer
French movie actors
French singers
French songwriters
Musicians from Ile-de-France
Gisela Raquel Mota Ocampo (13 March 1982 – 2 January 2016) was a Mexican politician. She was a member of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). She was the mayor of Temixco from 1 January 2016 until her death the next day. She was born in Morelos, Temixco.

Mota Ocampo was shot dead at her home on 2 January 2016 in Pueblo Viejo, aged 33.

References

1982 births
2016 deaths
Mayors
Mexican politicians
Murders by firearm
City of Bones is the first novel of Cassandra Clare. It was first published March 27, 2007 in United States by Simon & Schuester, who publishes her other works as well. This is the first book of her main series The Mortal Instruments.

Creation

Cassandra Clare was a fanfiction author, publishing her Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings stories online. One day, in 2004, a friend of hers took her to a tattoo shop, where she saw those footprints in the ceiling, and after that, she started developing the story of  race of warriors, called Shadowhunters, who were burdened with the job to protect humans from demons. 
After some rejections, in 2007 Cassandra could get her book to be published by the name of City of Bones, by Simon & Schuester, in the US. Her books have been published and have been bestsellers throughout the years. In UK, her publisher is Walker Books.

Fantasy books
2007 books