Events

Up to 1900 
 1356  In the Battle of Poitiers, the English defeat the French, and capture King John II of France.
 1676  Jamestown, Virginia is burned to the ground by forces of Nathaniel Bacon.
 1692  Giles Corey is executed in Salem, Massachusetts after not pleading at the Salem Witch Trials.
 1777  American Revolutionary War: British forces win a tactically expensive victory over the Continental Army in the First Battle of Saratoga.
 1778  The Continental Congress passes the first United States budget.
 1796  George Washington's Farewell address is printed across the United States in an open letter to the public.
 1799  French Revolutionary Wars: French-Dutch victory against the Russians and British in the Battle of Bergen.
 1862  American Civil War: Battle of Iuka - Union troops under William Rosecrans defeat a Confederate force under General Sterling Price.
 1863  American Civil War: The Battle of Chickamauga is fought.
 1864  American Civil War: Third Battle of Winchester, Virginia - Union troops under General Philip Sheridan defeat a Confederate force commanded by General Jubal Early.
 1870  Franco-Prussian War: The Siege of Paris begins, resulting in January 1871 in the surrender of Paris and a decisive Prussian victory.
 1870  Having invaded the Papal States a week earlier, the Italian Army lays siege to Rome.
 1879  The Blackpool Illuminations are switched on for the first time.
 1881  President of the United States James Garfield dies aged 49, after being shot by Charles J. Guiteau on July 2. Chester A. Arthur succeeds him to become the 21st President of the United States.
 1893  Women in New Zealand are given the right to vote.

1901  2000 
 1934  Bruno Hauptmann is arrested for the kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh, Jr., the infant son of Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, which occurred in 1932.
 1944  World War II: Armistice between Finland and the Soviet Union is signed.
 1945  William Joyce (Lord Haw-Haw) is sentenced to death in London for spreading pro-German propaganda.
 1946  The Council of Europe is founded.
 1946  The first Cannes Film Festival is held in Cannes, France.
 1957  The US carries out its first underground nuclear bomb test.
 1959  Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, on a visit to the United States, is barred from visiting Disneyland, due to security concerns.
 1970  The first Glastonbury Festival is held in Glastonbury, Somerset, England.
 1972  A parcel bomb sent to the Israeli Embassy in London kills one diplomat.
 1973  Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden has his investiture as king.
 1975  The TV show Fawlty Towers premieres in the United Kingdom
 1976  A plane crash in Turkey kills 155 people.
 1976  The governing Social Democratic Party loses Sweden's parliamentary election.
 1978  The Solomon Islands join the UN.
 1981  Simon & Garfunkel re-unite for a free concert in New York City's Central Park.
 1982  Scott Fahlman posts the first documented emoticons :) and :( on the Carnegie Mellon University Board Systems.
 1983  Saint Kitts and Nevis becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
 1985  1985 Mexico City earthquake: A magnitude 8 earthquake centred near Acapulco kills thousands, and destroys many buildings, around 400 in Mexico City alone.
 1988  Hurricane Gilbert dissolves over Texas.
 1989  UTA Flight 772: A terrorist bomb explodes on a plane over Niger, killing 171 people.
 1991  German tourists discover Otzi the Iceman near the Austrian-Italian border.
 1995  The New York Times and Washington Post publish the Unabomber's manifesto.
 1997  The Guelb El-Kebir massacre in Algeria kills 53 people.

From 2001 
 2006  The Thai military stages a coup in Bangkok, overthrowing Thaksin Shinawatra. The Constitution is revoked, and martial law is instated.
 2010  Deepwater Horizon oil spill: The leaking oil well is sealed, having leaked oil into the Gulf of Mexico since April 20, when the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded.
 2014  Alex Salmond announces his intention to resign as First Minister of Scotland and leader of the Scottish National Party after a 55%-45% defeat in the Scottish independence referendum, 2014.
 2015  Rugby union World Cup: Japan, as rank outsiders, pull off one of the biggest surprises in the sport's history, by beating two-time champions South Africa 34-32.
 2017  Hurricane Maria sweeps across the Eastern Caribbean, including the islands of Dominica, Martinique and Guadeloupe.
 2017  2017 Puebla earthquake: A major earthquake strikes central Mexico, including Mexico City, on the 32nd anniversary of the 1985 earthquake, killing at least 220 people. It is Mexico's second earthquake in less than two weeks.

Births

Up to 1900 
 86  Antoninus Pius, Roman Emperor (d. 161)
 866  Leo VI, Byzantine Emperor (d. 912)
 1377  Albert IV, Duke of Austria (d. 1404)
 1551  King Henry III of France (d. 1589)
 1683  Lorenz Heister, German anatomist, surgeon and botanist (d. 1758)
 1721  William Robertson, Scottish historian (d. 1793)
 1737  Charles Carroll of Carrollton, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1832)
 1749  Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, French astronomer (d. 1822)
 1754  Louis Claude Richard, French botanist (d. 1821)
 1774  Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian hyperpolyglot (d. 1849)
 1778  Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux, English politician (d. 1868)
 1790  René Caillé, French explorer (d. 1838)
 1796  Hartley Coleridge, English poet (d. 1849)
 1799  René Caillié, French explorer (d. 1838)
 1802  Lajos Kossuth, Hungarian lawyer and regent-President, national hero of Hungary (d. 1894)
 1803  Maria Anna of Savoy, Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia (d. 1884)
 1803  Maria Teresa of Savoy (d. 1879)
 1806  William Dyce, Scottish artist (d. 1864)
 1813  Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters, German-American astronomer (d. 1890)
 1822  Joseph R. West, American general and politician (d. 1898)
 1826  Antonio Raimondi, Italian-Peruvian geographer and scientist (d. 1890)
 1828  Fridolin Anderwert, Swiss politician (d. 1880)
 1840  Galen Spencer, American archer (d. 1904)
 1853  Miguel, Duke of Braganza, Portuguese royal (d. 1927)
 1862  Arvid Lindman, Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1936)
 1864  Ragna Wettergreen, Norwegian actress (d. 1958)
 1869  Ben Turpin, American silent movie comedian (d. 1940)
 1883  Hjalmar Bergman, Swedish writer and playwright (d. 1931)
 1883  Mabel Vernon, American activist (d. 1975)
 1887  Lovie Austin, American jazz pianist (d. 1972)
 1888  J. W. Alexander, American mathematician (d. 1971)
 1889  Sarah Louise Delany, American physician and author (d. 1999)
 1898  Giuseppe Saragat, President of Italy (d. 1988)
 1900  Ricardo Cortez, American actor, singer and director (d. 1977)

1901  1950 
 1901  Joe Pasternak, Hungarian-born movie producer (d. 1991)
 1901  Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Austrian biologist (d. 1972)
 1905  Theodor Blank, German politician (d. 1972)
 1908  Mika Waltari, Finnish writer (d. 1979)
 1909  Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche, Austrian automobile designer and entrepreneur (d. 1998)
 1910  Margaret Lindsay, English actress (d. 1981)
 1911  William Golding, English writer (d. 1993)
 1912  Kurt Sanderling, German conductor (d. 2011)
 1913  Frances Farmer, American actress (d. 1970)
 1914  Rogers Morton, American politician (d. 1979)
 1915  Johann Hafstein, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1980)
 1921  Paulo Freire, Brazilian educator and writer (d. 1997)
 1922  Dana Zátopková, Czech athlete
 1922  Emil Zátopek, Czech athlete (d. 2000)
 1922  Damon Knight, American science fiction writer (d. 2002)
 1924  Vern Benson, American baseball player and manager (d. 2014)
 1924  Don Harron, Canadian comedian, actor, writer and composer (d. 2015)
 1926  Carlo Fruttero, Italian writer, journalist and translator (d. 2012)
 1926  Masatoshi Koshiba, Japanese physicist
 1926  James Lipton, American actor
 1926  Nini Rosso, Italian jazz trumpeter and composer (d. 1994)
 1927  Harold Brown, American physicist and politician, former United States Secretary of Defense
 1927  William Hickey, American actor (d. 1997)
 1928  Adam West, American actor (d. 2017)
 1928  Wolfram Siebeck, German food critic and journalist (d. 2016)
 1929  Charles Gordon-Lennox, 10th Duke of Richmond, British peer (d. 2017)
 1929  Marge Roukema, American politician (d. 2014)
 1929  Luigi Taveri, Swiss motorcycle racer (d. 2018)
 1929  Gertrude Baniszewski, American murderer (d. 1990)
 1930  Antonio Margheriti, Italian movie maker (d. 2002)
 1930  Muhal Richard Abrams, American educator, composer and musician
 1931  Hiroto Muraoka, Japanese footballer (d. 2017)
 1931  Jean-Claude Carrière, French author and screenwriter
 1932  Mike Royko, American journalist (d. 1997)
 1932  Stefanie Zweig, German writer (d. 2014)
 1933  David McCallum, Scottish actor
 1934  Brian Epstein, English musical group manager (the Beatles) (d. 1967)
 1935  Nick Massi, American musician
 1935  Milan Antal, Slovakian astronomer (d. 1999)
 1936  Al Oerter, American athlete (d. 2007)
 1939  Moshe Weinberg, Israeli weightlifting coach (d. 1972)
 1940  Bill Medley, American singer and songwriter (The Righteous Brothers)
 1941  Mariangela Melato, Italian actress (d. 2013)
 1941  Umberto Bossi, Italian politician
 1941  Cass Elliot, American singer (d. 1974)
 1944  Edmund Joensen, 9th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands
 1944  Anders Björck, Swedish politician
 1945  Kate Adie, English journalist
 1947  Tanith Lee, English writer (d. 2015)
 1947  Lol Creme, English musician
 1948  Mykhaylo Fomenko, Ukrainian footballer and manager
 1948  Mihai Timofti, Moldovan actor, director and composer
 1948  Jeremy Irons, English actor
 1949  Twiggy, English model
 1949  Sally Potter, English movie director and screenwriter
 1949  Ernie Sabella, American actor
 1950  Michael Proctor, English physicist, mathematician and academic
 1950  Erkki Liikanen, Finnish politician

1951  1975 
 1951  Ian Hudghton, Scottish politician
 1952  Gunnar Hökmark, Swedish politician
 1952  Nile Rodgers, American musician and composer
 1952  Jackie McNamara Sr., Scottish footballer
 1954  Mark Drakeford, Welsh politician, First Minister of Wales
 1954  Michael Wolff, American jazz pianist, composer, producer and actor
 1955  Rex Smith, American singer and actor
 1956  Juan Manuel Fangio II, Argentine racing driver
 1958  Lita Ford, British rock music singer and guitarist
 1958  Kevin Hooks, American actor and director
 1960  Mario Batali, American chef and author
 1960  Yolanda Saldivar, American murderer
 1962  Cheri Oteri, American actress
 1963  Jarvis Cocker, English musician
 1963  David Seaman, English footballer
 1964  Simon Singh, English journalist, author and producer
 1965  Sabine Paturel, French singer and actress
 1965  Sunita Williams, American captain, pilot and astronaut
 1966  Heiko Maas, German politician
 1966  Eric Rudolph, American criminal
 1967  Aleksandr Karelin, Russian Greco-Roman wrestler
 1970  Victor Williams, American actor
 1972  Ashot Nadanian, Armenian chess player
 1973  Cristiano da Matta, Brazilian racing driver
 1974  Jimmy Fallon, American actor and comedian
 1974  Victoria Silvstedt, Swedish model, actress and singer

From 1976 
 1977  Tasha Danvers, British athlete
 1978  Mariano Puerta, Argentine tennis player
 1980  Dimitri Yachvili, French rugby player
 1980  Amber Lancaster, American model and actress
 1980  Linda Ikeji, Nigerian blogger, writer, actress and model
 1982  Eleni Daniilidou, Greek tennis player
 1982  Jordan Parise, American ice hockey player
 1982  Columbus Short, American actor, singer, dancer and choreographer
 1982  Jesse Blaze Snider, American singer-songwriter, author and illustrator
 1983  Eamon, American singer
 1984  Kavya Madhavan, Indian actress
 1984  Lydia Hearst, American model, actress, blogger and heiress
 1984  Amber Rayne, American pornographic actress (d. 2016)
 1985  Alun Wyn Jones, Welsh rugby player
 1985  Song Soong-ki, South Korean actor, model and television host
 1985  Woodrow West, Belizean footballer
 1986  Leon Best, English-Irish footballer
 1986  Lauren Goodger, English model, singer and television personality
 1986  Gerald Ciolek, German cyclist
 1987  Danielle Panabaker, American actress
 1987  Carlos Quintero, Colombian footballer
 1988  Katrina Bowden, American actress
 1988  Faye Reagan, American pornographic actress
 1989  Tyreke Evans, American basketball player
 1990  Sako Fukuda, Japanese singer
 1990  Evgeny Novikov, Russian racing driver
 1990  Kieran Trippier, English footballer
 1991  C. J. McCollum, American basketball player
 1992  Deyver Vega, Costa Rican footballer
 1992  Diego Antonio Reyes, Mexican footballer
 1996  Haruka Kodama, Japanese singer
 1996  Pia Mia, American singer, actress and model

Deaths

Up to 1950 
 643  Goeric of Metz, Frankish bishop
 690  Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 602)
 1123  Emperor Taizu of Jin of China (b. 1068)
 1339  Emperor Go-Daigo of Japan (b. 1288)
 1356  Peter I, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1311)
 1356  Walter I, Count of Brienne (b. 1304)
 1692  Giles Corey, American farmer killed in the Salem Witch Trials (b. 1612)
 1693  Janez Vajkard Valvasor, Slovenian polymath (b. 1641)
 1710  Ole Romer, Danish astronomer (b. 1644)
 1781  Tobias Furneaux, English explorer (b. 1735)
 1812  Mayer Amschel Rothschild, German banker (b. 1744)
 1833  Mary Jemison, American frontierswoman (b. 1743)
 1843  Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, French mathematician, engineer and scientist (b. 1792)
 1868  William Sprague, American minister and politician (b. 1809)
 1881  James Garfield, 20th President of the United States (b. 1831)
 1893  Alexander Tilloch Galt, Canadian politician (b. 1817)
 1902  Masaoka Shiki, Japanese poet, author and critic (b. 1867)
 1905  Thomas John Barnardo, Irish philanthropist (b. 1845)
 1907  Jacob Morenga, Namibian uprising leader (b. 1875)
 1914  Charles de Vendeville, French swimmer (b. 1882)
 1927  Michael Peter Ancher, Danish painter (b. 1849)
 1935  Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovskii, Russian rocket scientist (b. 1857)
 1936  Vishnu Narayan Bhatkande, Indian singer (b. 1860)
 1938  Pauline Frederick, American actress (b. 1883)
 1949  Will Cuppy, American humorist (b. 1884)

1951  2010 
 1954  Miles Franklin, Australian writer (b. 1879)
 1967  Zinaida Serebriakova, Russian painter (b. 1884)
 1968  Chester Carlson, American physicist (b. 1906)
 1968  Red Foley, American singer (b. 1910)
 1969  Rex Ingram, American actor (b. 1895)
 1985  Italo Calvino, Italian writer (b. 1923)
 1987  Einar Gerhardsen, Norwegian politician and Prime Minister of Norway (b. 1897)
 1989  Willie Steele, American long jumper (b. 1923)
 1992  Jacques Pic, French chef (b. 1932)
 1995  Orville Redenbacher, American botanist and businessman (b. 1907)
 2002  Robert Guéï, leader of Ivory Coast (b. 1941)
 2003  Slim Dusty, Australian singer (b. 1927)
 2004  Skeeter Davis, American singer (b. 1931)
 2009  Eduard Zimmermann, German broadcaster (b. 1929)

From 2011 
 2011  Dolores Hope, American singer and philanthropist (b. 1909)
 2011  George Cadle Price, 1st Prime Minister of Belize (b. 1919)
 2013  Hiroshi Yamauchi, Japanese businessman (Nintendo) (b. 1927)
 2013  Saye Zerbo, Burkina Faso politician (b. 1932)
 2013  John D. Vanderhoof, American politician, 37th Governor of Colorado (b. 1922)
 2014  Avraham Heffner, Israeli filmmaker (b. 1935)
 2014  Elaine Lee, South African-Australian actress (b. 1939)
 2014  U. Srinivas, Indian mandolin player (b. 1969)
 2014  Francisco Feliciano, Filipino composer and conductor (b. 1941)
 2014  Iain MacCormick, Scottish politician (b. 1939)
 2014  Audrey Long, American actress (b. 1922)
 2015  Mishael Cheshin, Israeli judge (b. 1936)
 2015  Masajuro Shiokawa, Japanese politician (b. 1921)
 2015  Jackie Collins, English novelist (b. 1937)
 2017  Bernie Casey, American actor and football player (b. 1939)
 2017  Jake LaMotta, American boxer (b. 1922)
 2017  David Shepherd, British artist (b. 1931)
 2017  Brian Barder, British diplomat (b. 1934)
 2017  Leonid Kharitonov, Russian opera singer (b. 1933)
 2017  José Salcedo, Spanish film editor (b. 1949)
 2018  Jon Burge, American police officer (b. 1947)
 2018  Bunny Carr, Irish television presenter (b. 1927)
 2018  Kondapalli Koteswaramma, Indian Communist revolutionary and writer (b. 1918)
 2018  Marilyn Lloyd, American politician (b. 1929)
 2018  Arthur Mitchell, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1934)
 2018  Denis Norden, English comedy writer and television presenter (b. 1922)
 2018  Gamil Ratib, Egyptian-French actor (b. 1926)
 2019  Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (b. 1936)
 2019  Irina Bogacheva, Russian mezzo-soprano (b. 1939)
 2019  Wim Crouwel, Dutch graphic designer (b. 1928)
 2019  Marco Feingold, Austrian Holocaust survivor (b. 1913)
 2019  Maurice Ferré, American politician (b. 1935)
 2019  Charles Gérard, French actor (b. 1922)
 2019  Bert Hellinger, German psychotherapist (b. 1925)
 2019  Barron Hilton, American businessman (b. 1927)
 2019  Sandie Jones, Irish singer (b. 1951)
 2019  Harold Mabern, American jazz pianist and composer (b. 1936)
 2019  María Rivas, Venezuelan Latin jazz singer (b. 1960)
 2019  Levente Riz, Hungarian politician (b. 1974)
 2019  Larry Wallis, English songwriter and guitarist (b. 1949)

Observances 
 National holiday in Saint Kitts and Nevis, commemorating independence from the United Kingdom in 1983
 International Talk like a Pirate Day
 Armed Forces Day (Chile)

Days of the year