cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
GIS may stand for Geographic Information Sciences or for Geographic Information System. These are two different but related things in geography. The Geographic Information Sciences include many fields of knowledge that help to understand geographic information while a Geographic Information System is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data and allow for the study of "layers" of geographic information.

GIS also known as geographic information system is a computer system made for capturing and displaying positions on the earth’s surface and portraying data in many different ways on maps.  Its main job is to help in analyzing groups of data and in finding correlations or patterns.  For example a map could use GIS to find out the amount of rubbish in one area, and also include how many factories and types of factories are in that area.

GIS can store information about a location and help provide knowledge on many different topics in a location.  Users can specify a place via latitude and longitude, postal code or address.  Then GIS can provide information about the people in that area including: income, population and education levels.  It can also tell about physical things such as soil types, vegetation, water sources, manmade structures like buildings and roads.  

Acronyms
Branches of geography
Carl Sandburg (January 6, 1878 – July 22, 1967) was an American poet. He won several awards, including three Pulitzer Prizes. He also wrote a biography of Abraham Lincoln. The majority of his poems were about the city of Chicago. He was born in Galesburg, Illinois.

Writers from Illinois
American poets
Pulitzer Prize winners
1878 births
1967 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Industrial Workers of the World
Hard Again is a album by Muddy Waters. It was produced by Johnny Winter who also played guitar. The record was his first for Blue Sky Records. It was also the first studio album after he left Chess Records

Recording 
The recordings lasted three days. For the recordings Muddy used his then current touring band of guitarist Bob Margolin, pianist Pinetop Perkins, and drummer Willie "Big Eyes" Smith. James Cotton played harmonica and Charles Calmeses the bass.

Songs 
Three of the songs on the album – "Mannish Boy", "I Want to Be Loved", and "I Can't Be Satisfied" – were re-recordings of songs for Chess Records. One of the songs recorded, "The Blues Had a Baby and They Named It Rock and Roll, Pt. 2", was co-written by Brownie McGhee and another song, "Bus Driver", was co-written by T. Abrahamson.

An outtake from the recording sessions, "Walking Through the Park", appeared on the 2004 Legacy Recordings reissue CD, while several more unused tracks appeared on King Bee in 1981.

Reception 
The album has been well received by several critics.  Dan Oppenheimer of Rolling Stone magazine said that "Mannish Boy" sounded like it was recorded live while both Oppenheimer and Daniel Gioffre of Allmusic state how powerful Willie "Big Eyes" Smith's drumming is. Oppenheimer, Gioffre, and Robert Christgau all share the opinion that Hard Again is Muddy Waters comeback album.

Charts and awards 
Hard Again peaked at #143 on the Billboard 200, which was his first appearance on the chart since Fathers and Sons in 1969.

Track listing 
All songs written by McKinley Morganfield, except where others are noted.

Original album 
 "Mannish Boy" (Morganfield, Ellas McDaniel, Mel London) – 5:23
 "Bus Driver" (Morganfield, Terry Abrahamson) – 7:44
 "I Want to Be Loved" (Willie Dixon) – 2:20
 "Jealous Hearted Man" – 4:23
 "I Can't Be Satisfied" – 3:28
 "The Blues Had a Baby and They Named It Rock And Roll, Pt. 2" (Morganfield, Brownie McGhee) – 3:35
 "Deep Down in Florida" – 5:25
 "Crosseyed Cat" – 5:59
 "Little Girl" – 7:06

2004 bonus track 
<li>"Walking Through the Park" – 3:55

Personnel 
The following people contributed to Hard Again:

Muddy Waters – vocals, guitar
Bob Margolin – guitar
Pinetop Perkins – piano
James Cotton – harmonica
Willie "Big Eyes" Smith – drums
Charles Calmese – bass
Johnny Winter – guitar, producer
Dave Still – engineer
Andy Manganello – assistant engineer
Joseph M. Palmaccio – mastering
Al Quaglieri – reissue producer
Chris Theis – mix engineer

Release history

References

Other websites 
musicbox-online Hard Again album review

Blues albums
In the 19th Century Scramble for Africa, the British Empire tried to control all of southern Africa. They won control of the Cape of Good Hope in 1815 at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Many Boers (Dutch, German and French farmers) did not like Britain controlling the area. The British taxed them, made English the official language, and in 1834 abolished slavery. Some of the Boers moved north in the Great Trek and made a new country called the Orange Free State. In 1877 the British Army moved in to control the Orange Free State in pursuit of diamonds, one of the Orange Free State's rich natural resources. On 16 December 1880 the First Boer War began. It took ten weeks in 1880 and 1881. The British were defeated.

From 1896 to 1899 Governor of the Cape and High Commissioner for South Africa, Alfred Milner made preparations for another war in order to gain the wealth of the Orange Free State and in September 1899 British troops arrived in South Africa. Paul Kruger president of the Transvaal sent Britain an ultimatum asking strongly for their departure.

Boer farmers from Sandspruit, Volksrust, the Orange Free State, and the Transvaal fought in the war. As the Boers lost men in battle they recruited young boys and old men to fight. Black people also fought alongside the Boers in the war and they made up 20 to 25 percent of total Boer manpower. The German Empire was friendly to their cause, and the Boers used Krupp guns. Much of the fighting was on  horseback. As the Boers lost battle after battle they were eventually forced to make peace on the 23rd of March, 1902, and surrender to British authority.

Related pages 
 Second Boer War

References 

Wars involving the British Empire
19th century in South Africa
Lilly Ledbetter (born Lilly McDaniel April 1938) was the plaintiff in the American employment discrimination case Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. She has since become a women's equality activist.

Women's equality

Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
Goodyear paid Ledbetter significantly less than men holding the same job. This violated the Equal Pay Act of 1963 which said that she could sue to get the pay difference. Her lawsuit eventually reached the Supreme Court. The court said that she waited too long to sue Goodyear. In response to the court decision, Congress passed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, which is named after her. Under the new law, other women will be able to get backpay after employers keep pay discrimination secret.

United States Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg stated:Lilly

Ledbetter was a supervisor at Goodyear Tire and Rubber’s plant in Gadsden, Alabama, from 1979 until her retirement in 1998. For most of those years, she worked as an area manager, a position largely occupied by men. Initially, Ledbetter’s salary was in line with the salaries of men performing substantially similar work. Over time, however, her pay slipped in comparison to the pay of male area managers with equal or less seniority. By the end of 1997, Ledbetter was the only woman working as an area manager and the pay discrepancy between Ledbetter and her 15 male counterparts was stark: Ledbetter was paid $3,727 per month; the lowest paid male area manager received $4,286 per month, the highest paid, $5,236.

Activism
On August 26, 2008 (Women's Equality Day), Ledbetter spoke at the Democratic National Convention, on the topic of pay equity.

In June 2011, she dined with New York Congresswoman Carolyn Maloney, who introduced the Equal Rights Amendment the previous month, and Eleanor Smeal.

References

Other websites

A documentary on the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
 English Wikisource has original text related to this article: Lilly Ledbetter on the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009

Living people
1938 births
Feminists
Sonar is a machine that uses underwater sound waves to find other objects in the sea. A sonar can work by sending out sound and listening for echoes (active sonar), like a radar, or by listening for sound made by the object it is trying to find (passive sonar).

The basic parts of an active sonar are:
 the transmitter creates the sound waves.
 the hydrophone or hydrophone array converts the sound waves into electricity. 

The first use of passive sonar was in 1490 by Leonardo da Vinci, when he put a tube onto water and listened. Active sonar was first used in 1917 by Paul Langevin. The word SONAR was created during the Second World War as an acronym for Sound Navigation and Ranging. This acronym replaced the British acronym ASDIC. The word is now thought by many people as a regular word, no longer as an acronym.

References
 

Machines
Wave physics
Rococo is an artistic style which originated in the 18th century in France. Often referred to merely as Late Baroque, the Rococo developed from the Baroque artistic movement. Whilst it kept several characteristics of the original style, including elaboration and ornate themes, it was also more playful and asymmetrical. The Rococo is associated with the reign of French king Louis XV (Louis XIV is associated with the Baroque, whilst Louis XVI with Neoclassicism, albeit his style started off as Rococo at the beginning of reign). Rococo's popularity was at its height towards the middle of the 18th century, fading out by the end in favour of Neoclassicism.

Rococo art and architecture was feminine, graceful, florid and ornate. Creamy and pastel-like colours were used for paintings, unlike the darker shades in Baroque art. Religion and politics were no longer necessarily the core theme of Rococo art, unlike the Baroque, and everyday life became more commonly represented. In such a way, Rococo art revolved around themes such as love, romance, fun, landscapes, and mere portraits. Additionally, Far Eastern themes became popular in Rococo, especially Chinoiserie. Famous Rococo artists include Boucher, Watteau and Fragonard, amongst several others.

The Rococo has been the focus of much discussion, analysis and criticism by art historians throughout history. It has been criticised over the years for being over-the-top, superficial and frivolous; in such a way, the term has even been used derogatively in various points of history. Nevertheless, Rococo art and theatre has also received praise for the elegance, "beauty", and "charm" of its artwork.

References 

Art
Architectural styles
French culture
18th century in France
Azerbaijani food is what people cook and eat in Azerbaijan. Foods from different cultures have influenced Azerbaijani food. However, it remained different from foods in other countries. Many foods that started in Azerbaijan are now part of other cultures. For the Azerbaijanis, food is an important part of the country's culture and is very connected with the history, traditions and values of the nation.

Out of 11 climate types in the world, Azerbaijan has nine. This adds to the fertility of the soil, so there are many kinds of vegetables used according to seasons and the dishes. The climate helps to create the richness of the food. Fresh herbs, including mint, coriander, dill, basil, parsley, tarragon, leek, chive, thyme, marjoram, green onion and watercress, are very popular and are often put in the main dishes. The Caspian Sea has many edible species of fish, including the sturgeon, Caspian salmon, kutum, sardines, grey mullet, and others. Black caviar from the Caspian Sea is one of Azerbaijan’s best known delicacies wanted in many parts of the world.

The main courses of Azerbaijani cuisine are over 30 kinds of soups, including those prepared from plain yogurt. One of the most famous dishes is plov. Plov is a saffron-covered rice, served with different herbs. The Azerbaijani cuisine has more than 40 different plov recipes. Other second courses include many kinds of kebabs and shashliks, including lamb, beef, chicken, and fish (baliq) kebabs. Sturgeon, a common fish, is normally skewered (skewer is a thin metal or wood stick used to hold pieces of food together) and grilled as a shashlik, being served with a tart pomegranate sauce called narsharab.  Dried fruits and walnuts are used in many dishes. The traditional condiments are salt, the spices black pepper, sumac, and especially saffron. Much of the saffron comes from the Absheron Peninsula.

Black tea is the national drink, and is drunk after food is eaten. It is also popular on its own or with dried fruits.

Another popular drink is sherbet, a sweet cold drink made of fruit juice mixed or boiled with sugar, often perfumed with rose water. Azerbaijani sherbet is not sorbet, the cold dessert.

Other websites 

 Comparison of Cuisine between North and South Azerbaijan , Azerbaijan International, Autumn 2000, pp. 24–27.
 Proverbs about Food in Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan International, Autumn 2000, pp. 36–37.
 Food! Glorious Food!, Special issue of Azerbaijan International, Autumn 2000.
 Azerbaijani dishes: Photographs and descriptions
 Azerbaijani cuisine: Descriptions of dishes by category on Advantour.com
 Cuisine of Azerbaijan based on the book Azerbaijani Cooking  published in Baku 
 Selected recipes from Azerbaijani cuisine
 Farida's Azerbaijani Cookbook
 Azerbaijani Food 

 
Foods by nationality
Food
"Kde domov můj" (pron. [ɡdɛ ˈdomof muːj] "gdeh DOH-mohf MOO-ee") is the national anthem of the Czech Republic. It—combined with the lyrics of Nad Tatrou sa blýska—was used as the anthem of Czechoslovakia, and after Czechoslovakia splitted into Czechia and Slovakia, "Kde domov můj" became the anthem of the former (Czechia, the short-form name for the Czech Republic). It was created by Josef Kajetán Tyl and František Škroup in 1834 and was first published in the play Fidlovačka aneb žádný hněv a žádná rvačka.

Lyrics

Czech original
The lyrics were written by Fidlovačka in 1834. Only the first verse is used as the anthem.

Czechoslovakia: 1918–92 lyrics
See also Nad Tatrou sa blýska.
Kde domov můj,
kde domov můj.
Voda hučí po lučinách,
bory šumí po skalinách.
V sadě stkví se jara květ
zemský ráj to na pohled!
A to jest ta krásná země
země česká domov můj!
Země česká domov můj!

Nad Tatrou sa blýska, hromy divo bijú
Nad Tatrou sa blýska, hromy divo bijú
Zastavme ich, bratia, veď sa ony stratia,
Slováci ožijú.
Zastavme ich, bratia, veď sa ony stratia,
Slováci ožijú.

Poetic English translation
This version was translated into English by Czech poet Václav Sládek (1845–1912).
Where is my home, where is my home?
Over leas are waters streaming,
On the hills blue forests dreaming,
Flowery wolds Spring‘s happy skies,
Like as earthly Paradise:
There‘s the land so full of beauty,
Čechia, my fatherland!

Where is my home, where is my home?
Where God self to man had spoken:
Gentle be, but never broken,
Ever cheerful, hopeful, strong,
Bravely thwarting any wrong:
There‘s the land of manly honor,
Čechia, my fatherland!

German version
Between 1918 and 1938 there was an official version in German by Karl Wenzel Ernst.
Wo ist mein Heim, mein Vaterland,
Wo durch Wiesen Bäche brausen,
Wo auf Felsen Wälder sausen,
Wo ein Eden uns entzückt,
Wenn der Lenz die Fluren schmückt:
Dieses Land, so schön vor allen,
Böhmen ist mein Heimatland.
Böhmen ist mein Heimatland.

Hungarian version
Between the same years there was an official version in Hungarian.
Hol van honom, hol a hazám,
Hol patak zúg a hegyháton,
Csörgedez a rónaságon.
Üde virág a kertben,
Mint egy földi édenben.
Ez az istenáldotta föld,
Csehszlovák föld a hazám,
Csehszlovák föld a hazám.

References
Brave is a 2012 American computer-animated fantasy-adventure movie which stars Billy Connolly and Emma Thompson. The movie was released on June 22, 2012, by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. Pixar was the studio that worked on this movie. It received positive responses from critics and won an Oscar.

The movie is set in Scotland during the Medieval period. 16-year-old Princess  causes chaos in the kingdom of DunBroch by not wanting to marry.

It took six years to make.

Release Dates 

2012 animated movies
2012 comedy movies
2010s adventure movies
2010s fantasy movies
2010s American adventure movies
American animated movies
2010s American comedy movies
2010s American fantasy movies
English-language movies
Fiction set in the past
Movies about animals
Movies set in Scotland
Movies that won the Best Animated Feature Academy Award
Pixar movies
2010s feminist movies
2010s computer-animated movies
was a  after Man'en and before Genji.  This period spanned the years from February 1861 through February 1864. The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Bunkyū era

 1861 (Bunkyu 1): Ukai Gyokusen established the first commercial photography studio (Eishin-dō) in Edo.

 1861 (Bunkyu 1): Great comet of 1861.

 January 1862 (Bunkyū 1, 12th month): The Bonin Islands (Ogasawara Islands) were confirmed as part of Japan.

 1862 (Bunkyū 2): The Bunkyū Reforms reduced restrictions on daimyo which had beeb ordered by Ii Naosuke. 

 14 September 1862 (Bunkyū 2, 21st day of the 8th month): Satsuma samurai killed Charles Lennox Richardson at Namamugi on the Tōkaidō road, also known as the Namamugi Incident (Namamugi Jiken).

 22 April 1863 (Bunkyū 3, 5th day of the 3rd month): Shogun Iemochi traveled in a great procession to the capital.  He had been summoned by the emperor, and he had 3,000 retainers as escort.

 28 April 1863 (Bunkyū 3, 11th day of the 3rd month): Emperor Komei made an Imperial progress to the Kamo Shrines.  He was accompanied by the shogun and many feudal lords.

 15-17 August 1863 (Bunkyū 3, 2nd-4th of the 7th month ): British Bombardment of Kagoshima in retaliation for the death of Charles Lennox Richardson.

Related pages 
 Edo period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, The Japanese Calendar -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
 "The procession of the Shôgun nearby Shono, in Shirasagi-zuka, Ise, at night," woodblock print by Utagawa Tsuyanaga

Japanese eras
1861 establishments
1860s establishments in Japan
1860s disestablishments in Japan
1864 disestablishments
France has taken part in every Olympic Games with the possible exception of the 1904 Games. In 1904, different sources list Albert Corey as taking place in the games for either the United States or France.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for France is FRA.

History
France has hosted the Games 5 time:
1900 Summer Olympics in Paris
1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix
1924 Summer Olympics in Paris
1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble
1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville

French athletes have won 671 medals at the Summer Olympic Games. Fencing and cycling are their best sports.  France has won 94 medals at the Winter Olympic Games. Most of these are in alpine skiing.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by summer sport
     Leading in that sport

Medals by winter sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

 France at Olympic.org
 France profile at London2012.com
 

Nations at the Olympics
Olympics
was a  after Ten'ō and before Daidō.  This period started in August 782 and ended in May 806.  During this time, the emperor was .

Events of the Enryaku era

 782 (Enryaku 1, 6th month): Fujiwara no Uona was removed from his office.
 783 (Enryaku 3, in the 3rd month): Fujiwara no Tamaro died at the age of 62 years.
 783 (Enryaku 3, in the 7th month): Fujiwara no Korekimi was promoted in the hierarchy of the Imperial court.
 784 (Enryaku 3): The emperor moves the capital to Nagaoka
 788 (Enryaku 7): The Buddhist monk Saichō establishes a monastery on Mt Hiei
 793 (Enryaku 12): Construction began on the Buddhist temple complex at Enryaku-ji.
 17 December 794 (Enryaku 13, 21st day of the 10th month): The Emperor moved by carriage in a grand parade from Nara to Heian-kyō.
 796 (Enryaku 15): Copper coins were minted with the legend Ren-hei Ei-hō.
 797 (Enryaku 16): Shoku Nihongi was written.
 806 (Enryaku 25): Emperor Kammu died at the age of 70.

Related pages 
 Nara period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
 Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō), Mausoleum of Emperor Kammu 

Japanese eras
8th-century establishments in Japan
9th-century disestablishments in Japan
782 establishments
806 disestablishments
Jean-Honoré Fragonard (5 April 1732 in Grasse – 22 August 1806 in Paris) was a French artist. He is remembered as one of the most important French painters of the rococo style. He was a pupil of François Boucher, and developed Boucher's style further. At first he did historical paintings, but soon gave up on these.

He then painted things that were light-hearted, and slightly erotic. His works include The Swing, A Young Girl Reading, and The Secret Meeting. Together with Boucher and Antoine Watteau, he is one of the principal painters of French Rococo. He lost his wealth during the French Revolution. After the revolution, the painting style was different, because he had trouble adapting, he died a poor man.

Gallery

Related pages 
 List of French painters

References 
 

French painters
Writers from Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur
1732 births
1806 deaths
Spain first took part in the Olympic Games in 1900. It has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since 1920. Spain has taken part in every Winter Olympic Games since 1936.

Spain boycotted the 1936 Summer Olympics in Nazi Germany. They also boycotted the 1956 Games in Melbourne because of the Soviet Union's invasion of Hungary.  The equestrian events in 1956 took place five months earlier in Stockholm, and Spain did compete in those events.

Spain hosted the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Barcelona was the home city of the International Olympic Committee's president at the time, Juan Antonio Samaranch.

Spanish athletes have won a total of 132 medals. Sailing has given them their largest number of medals in one sport.  Spain has only won two medals at the Winter Games.

The Spanish Olympic Committee (Comité Olímpico Español) was created in 1924.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

 Spain profile at London2012.com

Nations at the Olympics
Olympics
Croatia took part in the Olympic Games for the first time as an its own nation in 1992. It has taken part in every Games since then.  Before 1992, Croatian athletes competed for Yugoslavia at the Olympics.

The National Olympic Committee for Croatia is the Croatian Olympic Committee. It was created in 1991. The IOC accepted the committee in 1993.

Croatian athletes have won 23 medals at the Summer Olympic Games. They won gold medals by the men's handball team in 1996 and 2004. At the Winter Olympic Games, Janica Kostelić won six medals (four gold) between 2002 and 2006. Her brother Ivica won several silver medals (in 2006 and 2010). Jakov Fak won a bronze in 2010.

Summer Olympic Games

Results by Games

Medals per sport

Winter Olympic Games

Results by Games

Medals per sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

  Croatia profile at London2012.com
 Croatia at Olympic.org

Sport in Croatia
Nations at the Olympics
The Czech Republic first took part in the Olympic Games as an independent country in 1994. It has competed in every Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then.  Before 1993, Czech athletes took part in the Olympics from 1920 to 1992 as Czechoslovakia and from 1900 to 1912 as Bohemia.

Athletes from the Czech Republic have won a total of 43 medals at the Summer Games. Canoeing, shooting  and athletics have been their best sports.  They have also won 16 medals at the Winter Games. Most of their medals came from  the Czech Republic national ice hockey team and cross-country skier Kateřina Neumannová.

The National Olympic Committee for the Czech Republic is the Czech Olympic Committee. It was founded in 1899 and accepted by the International Olympic Committee in 1993.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by summer sport

Medals by winter sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes
 Czechoslovakia at the Olympics
 Bohemia at the Olympics

References

Other websites 

 Czech Republic profile at London2012.com

Nations at the Olympics
Olympics
Czechoslovakia in the Olympics is a history which includes 32 games in 20 countries and 2,000+ athletes. Since 1920, Nicaragua has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Czechoslovakia was CZS.   Czechoslovakia was peacefully separated into two nations in 1993.  The Czech Republic is now is CZE and Slovakia is now SVK.

History
Czechoslovakia first took part in the Olympic Games in 1920. Before this, it competed as Bohemia from 1900 to 1912. The nation sent athletes to compete almost every Summer Olympic Games since then. They did not take part in the 1984 Games as part of the Soviet boycott of those Games.
Czechoslovakia has taken part in every Winter Olympic Games since the first Winter Games in 1924.

In 1993, Czechoslovakia was divided into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Each of these countries sent their own teams to the Olympics since 1994.

Czechoslovakian athletes have won a total of 143 medals at the Summer Games. Most of these medals were won in gymnastics. The nation also won 25 medals at the Winter Games. Ski jumping and ice hockey have been their best sports.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by summer sport

This table of summer sports does not include the bronze medal won in ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

Medals by winter sport

This table includes the bronze medal won in Ice hockey in the 1920 Summer Olympics.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 

Olympics
Former nations at the Olympics
Denmark at the Olympics is a history which includes 40 games in 22 countries  and 1,800+ athletes.  Since 1896, Denmark has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Denmark is DEN.

History
Teams from Denmark have taken part in the Olympic Games since the very first games in 1896.

The National Olympic Committee for Denmark (National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark or Danmarks Idræts-Forbund Olympisk Komite) was created in 1905; and it was recognized by the International Olympic Committee the same year.

Denmark has sent athletes to every Summer Olympic Games except for the 1904 Games.

Denmark has been a part of the Winter Olympic Games several times since 1948. They have been at every Games since 1988.

Danish athletes have won a total of 171 medals.  Sailing is their best medal winning sport.

Denmark has won only one medal at the Winter Games. This was in curling at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark 
 Denmark profile at London2012.com

Sport in Denmark
Nations at the Olympics
The term drug cartel is used to describe a group who makes, distributes and sells illegal drugs on national level. Drug cartels are often doing so across multiple countries. Mostly, the cartels in areas like Mexico and South America bring drugs to North America.

Illegal drugs
Estonia first competed in the Olympic Games at the 1920 Summer Olympics after becoming independence from Russia in 1918. The National Olympic Committee was created in 1923. They were a part of the first Winter Olympics in 1924. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country became a part of the Soviet Union in 1940. In the 1980 Summer Olympics,  the Sailing regatta was held in the capital city of Tallinn.  Estonia has taken part in all Olympics since it became independent again in 1991. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing.

Medals by Olympics sport

Medals by Summer Olympics sport

Medals by Winter Olympics sport

Summer Olympics Medal Count

Winter Olympics Medal Count

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Eesti Olümpiakomitee (Estonian Olympic Committee) website 
 Estonia profile at London2012.com

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Estonia
Neo-Keynesian economics is a school of macroeconomic thought that was developed after World War II from the writings of John Maynard Keynes. A group of economists (notably John Hicks, Franco Modigliani, and Paul Samuelson), attempted to interpret and formalize Keynes' writings, and to synthesize it with the neo-classical models of economics. This model, the IS/LM model, is nearly as influential as Keynes' original analysis in determining actual policy and economics education. It relates aggregate demand and employment to three variables, that is, the amount of money in circulation, the government budget, and the state of business expectations. This model was very popular with economists after World War II because it could be understood in terms of general equilibrium theory. Their work has become known as the neo-classical synthesis. It created the models that formed the core ideas of neo-Keynesian economics. These ideas dominated mainstream economics in the post-war period, and formed the mainstream of macroeconomic thought in the 1950s, 60s and 70s.

In the 1970s a series of developments occurred that shook neo-Keynesian theory. The developed world suffered from slow economic growth and high inflation at the same time (stagflation). Also, the work of monetarists like Milton Friedman cast doubt on neo-Keynesian theories. The result was a series of new ideas to bring tools to Keynesian analysis that would be capable of explaining the economic events of the 1970s. The next great wave of Keynesian thinking began with the attempt to give Keynesian macroeconomic reasoning a microeconomic basis. The new Keynesians helped create a "new neo-classical synthesis" that currently forms the mainstream of macroeconomic theory. Following the emergence of the new Keynesian school, neo-Keynesians have sometimes been referred to as Old-Keynesians.

Notes and references

Economic theories

sk:Neokeynesovstvo
A sea wall is a wall built to protect land along the coast from erosion and flooding from the sea. While they do provide protection from the waves and tides, a sea wall may also create more problems. Erosion of beach sand may increase because of the wall, and the wall may change the direction and flow of waves and caused erosion in other places.

Engineering
Flood control
The Unity Broadcasting Network is an over-the-air religious television network.  The office of the company is in Booneville, Mississippi, and individual transmitter stations are located in Mississippi and Tennessee.

List of Stations

Current Stations
W15CG 15 Pontotoc, Mississippi
W18BL 18 Adamsville, Tennessee
W34DV 34 Booneville, Mississippi
W39CD 39 Fulton, Mississippi

Possible Future Stations
Channel 42 in Rolla, Missouri.
W30DC 30 in Lexington, Tennessee (Construction Permit)
W45DP 45 Humboldt, Tennessee (Construction Permit)

Former Stations
W06AW 6 Selmer, Tennessee
W45CW 45 Russellville, Alabama
W46CF 46 Tuscumbia, Alabama
K38HE 38 West Plains, Missouri
W53AF 53 Booneville, Mississippi (moved to channel 34)

Cable coverage
UBN's website says that their Booneville Channel 34 programs are carried on Comcast Cable channel 8 in Corinth, MS, and their MySpace account says they are on Comcast Cable channel 56.

References

Other websites
 Official Unity Broadcast Network web-site
 UBN's Present Page , displaying the current affiliates, and their broadcasting facilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

American television networks
Religious media
Jewish Life Television (JLTV) is an American television network. It shows Jewish-themed programs.  It started in 2007.  JLTV has  news, sports, lifestyle and entertainment programming. It shows movies, documentaries, music, reviews, interviews and special events.  It has broadcast studios in Los Angeles, New York City and Toronto. JLTV has bureaus in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Washington DC, Miami, London and Moscow. Members can access live and on-demand programming and watch local, national and international news stories. In the UNited States, JLTV can be seen by 33 million households across all 50 states through DirecTV, Time Warner Cable, Comcast and independent broadcast systems.

Canadian distribution
On January 26, 2011, Jewish Life Television was officially added to the CRTC's approved list of foreign services. This let the channel to expand into Canada.  Ethnic Channels Group sponsored the application to get JLTV on the approved list. That company is the official Canadian distributor of the channel.

References

Other websites
 

American television stations
2007 establishments in the United States
Rolla is a city in Phelps County, Missouri, United States, midway between the larger cities of St. Louis and Springfield along Interstate 44. Its population in the 2010 United States Census was 19,559.
It is the county seat of Phelps County.  The Rolla Micropolitan Statistical Area consists of Phelps County.

Rolla is an important center for education and research in science and technology.  It is the home of the Missouri University of Science and Technology.  In addition, the US Geological Survey operates a large regional facility. This office includes: the National Geospatial Technical Operations Center III, the Missouri Water Science Center, the Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center, National Spatial Data Infrastructure Partnership Office Liaisons, and the Rolla Science Information and Library Services office. The main office of the Mark Twain National Forest is also located in Rolla.

Although private businesses are more limited, Royal Canin, a major manufacturer of dog and cat food, operates in Rolla. Small-engine manufacturer Briggs & Stratton operated a major plant in Rolla from 1996 to 2007.

The Rolla area is part of the Ozark Highlands American Viticultural Area, with vineyards established first by Italian immigrants to the area.

Notable people
 Monica Brinkman - Local Rolla Author
 Jean Carnahan - former US Senator
 Mel Carnahan - former Governor of Missouri
 Robin Carnahan - current Secretary of State of Missouri
 Russ Carnahan -  current US Representative
 Samuel Curtis - American Civil War General (Union)
 James Franklin  - QB for the Missouri Tigers 
 Kyle Hawkins - former University of Missouri Men's lacrosse coach and gay rights pioneer
 Claire McCaskill - current United States Senator from Missouri
 Shannon Miller - Olympic Gold Medalist
 Tom Shipley - member of popular music duo Brewer & Shipley
 Sarah Steelman - former State Treasurer of Missouri

See also Notable Missouri S&T Alumni

Notes

References

Other websites 
 City of Rolla, Missouri
 Rolla Area Chamber of Commerce
 Rolla Times
 The Rolla Daily News 
 Historic maps of Rolla in the Sanborn Maps of Missouri Collection  at the University of Missouri

1858 establishments in the United States
Cities in Missouri
County seats in Missouri
The polar night is when it stays dark outside for more than twenty four hours. This occurs only inside the polar circles (the northernmost and southernmost areas on Earth). A lot of times It will be a polar night for the winter and the opposite happens in the summer.

References

Other websites 

 The polar night and polar darkness
 Many years' of webcam pictures from Tromsø, Norway.  These clearly show the progression into and away from winter at a latitude within the Arctic Circle.

Geography
The line of succession to the Danish throne is the list of people who may become King or Queen of Denmark.

History 
Since 2009, Danish law identifies the eldest child of a Danish monarch the royal heir.  The first-born child follows his or her parent on the throne.   This is known as full or equal primogeniture.

Order of succession
In 2018, the current order of succession is clear.
 Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (Frederik, elder son of The Queen)
 Prince Christian of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (elder son of The Crown Prince and Crown Princess)
 Princess Isabella of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat (elder daughter of The Crown Prince and Crown Princess)
 Prince Vincent of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (younger son of The Crown Prince and Crown Princess) (twin)
 Princess Josephine of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat (younger daughter of The Crown Prince and Crown Princess) (twin)
 Prince Joachim of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (younger son of The Queen)
 Prince Nikolai of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (elder son of Prince Joachim and the Countess of Frederiksborg)
 Prince Felix of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (younger son of Prince Joachim and the Countess of Frederiksborg)
 Prince Henrik of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (son of Prince Joachim and Princess Marie)
 Princess Athena of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat (daughter of Prince Joachim and Princess Marie)
 The Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (Benedikte, daughter of King Frederick IX and sister of Queen Margrethe II)
 Princess Elisabeth of Denmark (granddaughter of King Christian X through his second son, Prince Knud)

Family tree

Related pages 
 Order of succession

References

Other websites 
  Danish Monarchy , official website
  Succession to the Throne Act, 1953

Danish royalty
Denmark
A synchrotron light source is a source of electromagnetic radiation produced by a synchrotron. The radiation can be artificially produced for scientific and technical purposes by specialized particle accelerators, typically by accelerating electrons. Once the high-energy electron beam has been generated, it is directed into auxiliary components such as bending magnets and insertion devices (undulators or wigglers) in storage rings and free-electron lasers. 
These supply the strong magnetic fields perpendicular to the beam which are needed to convert the high-energy electron energy into light or some other form of electronmagnetic radiation.

Synchrotron radiation may occur in accelerators either as a nuisance in particle physics experiments, or on purpose for many laboratory uses.
Electrons are accelerated to high speeds in several stages to achieve a final energy that can be in the GeV range.  In the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), proton bunches also produce the radiation at increasing amplitude and frequency as they accelerate in the vacuum field, making photoelectrons. The photoelectrons then make secondary electrons from the pipe walls with increasing frequency and density up to 7x1010.  Each proton may lose 6.7keV per turn due to this phenomenon. So, both electron synchrotrons and proton synchrotrons can be a light source.

The major applications of synchrotron light are in condensed matter physics, materials science, biology and medicine. Many experiments using synchrotron light probe the structure of matter from the sub-nanometer level of electronic structure to the micrometer and millimeter level. This is important in medical imaging. An example of a practical industrial application is the manufacturing of microstructures by the Lithography, Electroplating, and Molding (LIGA) process.

References

Other websites 
 Imaging ancient insects with synchrotron light source -- BBC
 Synchrotron light at IOP

Nuclear physics
Light
Electromagnetic radiation
The line of succession to the Swedish throne is the list of people who may become Queen or King of Sweden.

History 
Since 1980, Swedish law identifies the eldest child of a Swedish monarch the royal heir.  The first-born child follows his or her parent on the throne.   This is known as full or equal primogeniture.

Order of succession 
The current order of succession is
Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, Duchess of Västergötland
 Princess Estelle, Duchess of Östergötland
 Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne
 Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland 
 Prince Alexander, Duke of Södermanland
 Prince Gabriel, Duke of Dalarna
 Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland
 Princess Leonore, Duchess of Gotland
 Prince Nicolas, Duke of Ångermanland
 Princess Adrienne, Duchess of Blekinge

Related pages 
Order of succession

References

Other websites 

  Swedish Royal Court ,  Bernadotte Dynasty family tree
Successionsordning 

Swedish royalty
Sweden
The line of succession to the Dutch throne is the list of people who may become King or Queen of the Netherlands.

History
Since 1983, Dutch law identifies the eldest child of a Dutch monarch as the royal heir.  The first-born child follows his or her parent on the throne.   This is known as full or equal primogeniture.

Line of succession

 HM Queen Juliana (1909-2004)
 HM Queen Beatrix (Beatrix; b. 1938)
  HM The King (Willem-Alexander; b. 1967)
 (1) HRH The Princess of Orange (Catharina-Amalia; b. 2003)
 (2) HRH Princess Alexia (b. 2005)
 (3) HRH Princess Ariane (b. 2007)
 (4) HRH Prince Constantijn (b. 1969)
 (5) Countess Eloise of Orange-Nassau (b. 2002)
 (6) Count Claus-Casimir of Orange-Nassau (b. 2004)
 (7) Countess Leonore of Orange-Nassau (b. 2006)
(8) HRH Princess Margriet (b. 1943)
 HH Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau (b. 1968)
 Anastasia van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven (b. 2001)
Lucas van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven (b. 2002)
Felicia van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven (b. 2005)
 HH Prince Bernhard of Orange-Nassau (b. 1969)
Isabella van Vollenhoven (b. 2002)
Samuel van Vollenhoven (b. 2004)
Benjamin van Vollenhoven (b. 2008)

Family tree

Related pages
Order of succession

References

Dutch
A hawker is a person who sells things that can be easily moved from place to place. They are also known as peddlers, costermongers, or street vendors. Hawkers often sells food items,various types of toys for kids,jewellery for girls and women. They attract attention by calling out, singing chants, and interacting loudly with 
customers. While hawkers can be found in markets, they often move their products from place to place in small carts. In 19th century Australia, the hawkers travelled around to distant towns and remote farms, carrying a large range of items to sell in horse drawn wagons.

Occupations
A disc-detainer lock, also called a disc-tumbler, Abloy lock, or simply disc lock is a high-security keyed lock that uses a set of discs similar to those used in a combination lock. The difference is that the discs are rotated by a key instead of a dial.

Mechanism 
When the key is put into the lock, it rotates a set of discs with notches on them to different positions depending on the depth of the cuts in the key. The right key will line up a set of notches in a straight line, allowing a bar to fall into the notches, opening the lock. The wrong key will not put the notches in a straight line, and the bar will not fall, preventing the lock from opening. On high-end disc-detainer locks (such as Abloy), there are usually "false" notches on the disc as well. These feel like the real notch to someone trying to pick the lock, but do not allow the bar to fall. This makes it nearly impossible to pick the lock. It is possible to pick some lower-end disc-detainer locks. The disc-detainer mechanism usually does not contain any springs. This reduces the amount of wear on the cylinder.

Other websites 
A YouTube video of the mechanism

Locks
Ecological succession, is how a specific ecology changes after a disturbance like a fire.  In long-term studies, there is a species succession process in the way forests develop.

Notable ecologists  
Several scientists are prominent in the history of this theory:
 Adolphe Dureau de la Malle was the first to use the word succession.  He wrote about the process of re-growth after trees in a forest had been cut down.
 Henry David Thoreau described succession in an Oak-Pine forest in "The Succession of Forest Trees" in the year 1859.
 Henry Chandler Cowles developed a formal concept of plant-growth succession. Henry's work was based on studies of sand dunes in Danish by Eugen Warming. Cowles proposed the term sere.  This is a repeat of changes which are shown in specific environmental circumstances.
 Frederic Clements proposed a theory that seres were highly predictable.
 Henry Gleason proposed that chance factors were very important, even in highly predicable sere areas.

References

Other websites 

 ScienceAid, "Ecosystems", Succession

Ecology
Succession may mean:

Order of succession, the chronology of past leaders; or the pre-planned process through which a future leader takes over from another because of death, resignation, or removal
Succession planning, the process of identifying and developing people to take over senior positions in government, business, organizations, etc.
Ecological succession, the development of changes that occur over time after an ecology is disturbed
Wizard(s) may mean:

Fictional characters 
 Wizard or magician, a person in fantasy or mythology who has studied and practices magic
 Wizard (Oz), a character in L. Frank Baum's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and its movie adaptations
 Wizards (Discworld), major characters in Terry Pratchett's Discworld series
 Wizard (Middle-earth), powerful entities from the writings of J. R. R. Tolkien

Comics 
 Wizard (Archie Comics), an Archie comic book superhero
 Wizard (DC Comics), a DC comic book supervillain
 Wizard (Marvel Comics), a Marvel comic book supervillain
 The Wizard (comic), a weekly comic from D. C. Thomson & Co.

Film and television 
 The Wizard (film), a 1989 American film about a skilled video game player
 The Wizard (TV series), a short-lived 1980s CBS television series
 "The Wizard" (Seinfeld episode)
 Wizards (film), a 1977 animated post-apocalyptic fantasy/science fiction film by Ralph Bakshi
 Mr. Wizard, the stage name of Don Herbert as the host of two popular television shows about science for children

Games 
 Wizard (card game), a trick-taking card game
 Wizard (character class), magic-wielding character types in many role-playing games
 Wizards of the Coast or Wizards, a Seattle-based games publisher

Publications 
 Wizard (novel), a science fiction novel by John Varley
 Wizard (magazine), a magazine about comic books
 Wizards (anthology), an anthology of fantasy short fiction edited by Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois
 Wizard (DC Thomson), a British comic that featured Wilson of the Wizard and was merged to Rover
 The Wizard, a novel by Gene Wolfe in the series The Wizard Knight

Sports 
 Dakota Wizards, a team in the NBA Development League
 Washington Wizards, a team in the National Basketball Association

Technology 
 Wizard (software), a computer user interface that leads a user through dialog steps

Nicknames 
 Ozzie Smith, baseball player nicknamed "The Wizard"
 Gus Williams (basketball), basketball player nicknamed "The Wizard"
 Juan Quarterone, soccer player nicknamed "El Brujo" or "The Wizard"
 Jeff Farmer (footballer), nicknamed "The Wizard"
 Wizard of Menlo Park, nickame for American inventor Thomas Edison
 Wizard of New Zealand, born Ian Brackenbury Channell, orator and eccentric

Other uses 
 Wizard butterfly, the brush-footed butterfly Rhinopalpa polynice
 Wizard, a GWR Iron Duke Class steam locomotive
 Wizard Nebula, an open cluster located in the constellation Cepheus

Related pages
 The Wizard of Id, a daily newspaper comic created by Brant Parker and Johnny Hart
 Grand Wizard and Imperial Wizard, titles in the Ku Klux Klan
 Pinball Wizard, a song from The Who's rock opera Tommy

fi:Velho (täsmennyssivu)
Burrel is a small town in Albania. It is 91 km from Tirana. Its population is about 18,000. It is about 320 metres above sea level, and surrounded by mountains.

The area was settled about the 8th century BC by the Illyrians. There have been 54 Illyrian burial mounds found around Burrel. The town of Burrel began in 1922 as the centre of the Mat District.

References

Cities in Albania