cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Krymzaraykinskoye Rural Settlement (; , Krymzaraykă jal tărăkhĕ) is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a selo) of Krymzaraykino. Rural settlement's population: 1,081 (2006 est.).

Krymzaraykinskoye Rural Settlement comprises nine rural localities.

The Cheboksary–Yadrin highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.

References

Notes

Further reading
L. A. Yefimov, "Alikovsky District" ("Элĕк Енĕ"), Alikovo, 1994.
"Аликовская энциклопедия" (Alikovsky District's Encyclopedia), authors: Yefimov L. A., Yefimov Ye. L., Ananyev A. A., Terentyev G. K. Cheboksary, 2009, .

Other websites
Official website of Krymzaraykinskoye Rural Settlement 



Alikovsky District
Rural settlements of the Chuvash Republic
Pitishevskoye Rural Settlement (; , Yountapa jal tărăkhĕ) is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a village) of Pitishevo. Rural settlement's population: 1,095 (2006 est.).

Pitishevskoye Rural Settlement comprises six rural localities.

The Cheboksary–Yadrin highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.

References

Notes

Further reading
L. A. Yefimov, "Alikovsky District" ("Элĕк Енĕ"), Alikovo, 1994.
"Аликовская энциклопедия" (Alikovsky District's Encyclopedia), authors: Yefimov L. A., Yefimov Ye. L., Ananyev A. A., Terentyev G. K. Cheboksary, 2009, .

Other websites
Official website of Pitishevskoye Rural Settlement 



Alikovsky District
Rural settlements of the Chuvash Republic
Raskildinskoye Rural Settlement (; , Uraskilt jal tărăkhĕ) is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the western part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a selo) of Raskildino. Rural settlement's population: 1,366 (2006 est.).

Raskildinskoye Rural Settlement comprises five rural localities.

The Cheboksary–Yadrin and Cheboksary–Krasnye Chetai highways cross the territory of the rural settlement.

References

Notes

Further reading
L. A. Yefimov, "Alikovsky District" ("Элĕк Енĕ"), Alikovo, 1994.
"Аликовская энциклопедия" (Alikovsky District's Encyclopedia), authors: Yefimov L. A., Yefimov Ye. L., Ananyev A. A., Terentyev G. K. Cheboksary, 2009, .

Other websites
Official website of Raskildinskoye Rural Settlement 



Alikovsky District
Rural settlements of the Chuvash Republic
Shumshevashskoye Rural Settlement (; , Shĕmshesh jal tărăkhĕ) is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a selo) of Shumshevashi. Rural settlement's population: 2,289 (2006 est.).

Shumshevashskoye Rural Settlement comprises nineteen rural localities.

The Alikovo–Shumshevashi highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.

References

Notes

Further reading
L. A. Yefimov, "Alikovsky District" ("Элĕк Енĕ"), Alikovo, 1994.
"Аликовская энциклопедия" (Alikovsky District's Encyclopedia), authors: Yefimov L. A., Yefimov Ye. L., Ananyev A. A., Terentyev G. K. Cheboksary, 2009, .

Other websites
Official website of Shumshevashskoye Rural Settlement 



Alikovsky District
Rural settlements of the Chuvash Republic
Teneyevskoye Rural Settlement (; , Teni jal tărăkhĕ) is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a selo) of Teneyevo. Rural settlement's population: 900 (2006 est.).

Teneyevskoye Rural Settlement comprises five rural localities.

The Alikovo–Tautovo highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.

References

Notes

Further reading
L. A. Yefimov, "Alikovsky District" ("Элĕк Енĕ"), Alikovo, 1994.
"Аликовская энциклопедия" (Alikovsky District's Encyclopedia), authors: Yefimov L. A., Yefimov Ye. L., Ananyev A. A., Terentyev G. K. Cheboksary, 2009, .

Other websites
Official website of Teneyevskoye Rural Settlement 



Alikovsky District
Rural settlements of the Chuvash Republic
Yandobinskoye Rural Settlement (; , Yountapa jal tărăkhĕ) is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a selo) of Yandoba. Rural settlement's population: 1,081 (2006 est.).

Yandobinskoye Rural Settlement comprises twelve rural localities.

The Cheboksary–Alikovo highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.

References

Notes

Further reading
L. A. Yefimov, "Alikovsky District" ("Элĕк Енĕ"), Alikovo, 1994.
"Аликовская энциклопедия" (Alikovsky District's Encyclopedia), authors: Yefimov L. A., Yefimov Ye. L., Ananyev A. A., Terentyev G. K. Cheboksary, 2009, .

Other websites
Official website of Yandobinskoye Rural Settlement 



Alikovsky District
Rural settlements of the Chuvash Republic
Yefremkasinskoye Rural Settlement (; , Yountapa jal tărăkhĕ) is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a village) of Yefremkasy. Rural settlement's population: 2,608 (2006 est.).

Yefremkasinskoye Rural Settlement comprises thirteen rural localities.

The Cheboksary–Vurnary highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.

References

Notes

Further reading
L. A. Yefimov, "Alikovsky District" ("Элĕк Енĕ"), Alikovo, 1994.
"Аликовская энциклопедия" (Alikovsky District's Encyclopedia), authors: Yefimov L. A., Yefimov Ye. L., Ananyev A. A., Terentyev G. K. Cheboksary, 2009, .

Other websites 
Official website of Yefremkasinskoye Rural Settlement 



Alikovsky District
Rural settlements of the Chuvash Republic
Nikoláj Jákovlevič Jut —( & ), 30 July 1898 in village Siner of Alikovsky District, Chuvash Republic (Russia) - 27 March 1967 in Shumerlya) was a Chuvash writer, folklorist and literature critic.

Biography
Nikolai Yut was born in the village of Siner, which is now in Alikovsky District, Chuvash Republic, Russia. He graduated from the Simbir Chuvashia teachers School. He then graduated from the Communist University of Peoples of the East in 1923. He completed graduate studies at the Institute of History of Material Culture of the USSR from 1923–1925. Jut was the editor of the newspaper "Canvas". He was head of the Chuvashia Writers association from 1923–1925. He was the author of numerous literary-critical articles. He was the Author of "A brief sketch of Chuvash Folk Poetry" (1928). Jut was a USSR writers Union’s member (1934). He was critical of members of the regional committee accusing them of sloppiness. For this he was expelled from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was later reinstated. He had a significant influence on the literature of his time.

Yut served in the Russian Civil War and World War II. He was arrested in 1937, he was released in 1943. Yut was rehabilitated in 1956. He died on 27 March 1967 in Shumerlya.

Literature 
 Leo Efimov, Alikovsky Encyclopedia, Chuvash book publishing house, Cheboksary, 2009.
 L. I. Yefimov, "Alikovsky District" ("Элĕк Енĕ"), Alikovo, 1994.
 Zolotov A.A., Murakhaeva (Zolotova) S.A., "Принципам не изменили", Alikovo-Cheboksary, 1898.
 Zolotov A.A., Zolotov V. A., Zolotov V. T., "Николалай Яковлевич Золотов. К 110-летию со дня рождения, к 85-летию со дня организации Союза писателей "Канаш", Cheboksary, "Новое время", 2008.

References

Other websites 
Biography of Nikolai Yut
 Chuvash State Historical Museum

1898 births
1967 deaths
Russian writers
Alikovsky District
Sequoia is a genus of redwood trees in the Cupressaceae family. It includes the largest trees in the world. The only living species of the genus is  Sequoia sempervirens, the coast redwood, in northern California and southern Oregon in the United States. Several other species have been named from fossils, but are now extinct. These include Sequoia affinis, Sequoia chinensis in China, Sequoia langsdorfii, Sequoia dakotensis of South Dakota, and Sequoia magnifica. Other related species of the subfamily Sequoioideae include Sequoiadendron Giganteum, the Giant Sequoia  and Metasequoia Glyptostroboides, the Dawn Redwood.

The oldest known fossils in the Sequoia genus are those of Sequoia jeholensis, which have been found in Jurassic deposits of southern Manchuria. By the late Cretaceous it had spread to other parts of China, Europe, and western North America.

Giant sequoia  are much more recent in the fossil record, appearing 25 million years ago. They grow only in 75 groups across 35,600 acres in California, near the Sierra Nevada mountains. These groups were formed as a protection from logging. The most famous area with giant sequoia trees is Sequoia National Park. The park was made as the second national park, after the Yellowstone in 1980. The Sequoia National Park is managed with Kings Canyon National Park. Together, the two parks are called Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Several trees in Sequoia National Park have even been named, for example General Grant, the Grizzly Giant or General Sherman.

References

Cupressaceae
Plants of North America
An ecological footprint measures how much people take from nature. The footprint is then compared to the amount of natural resources nature can renew. The ecological footprint takes into account how much farm land, forest area, grazing land and sea area it takes to provide everything people use. More simply, footprint calculations answer the questions: how much nature do we have? And how much do we use?

When analyzing the world as a whole, humanity is using nature about 1.7 times faster than nature renews itself. It is like using 1.7 planet Earths. Since people consume differently around the world, it is also possible to calculate how many planet it would take if everybody around the world consumed like a particular population. For instance, if everybody consumed like the Germans, it would take nearly 3 planet Earths. Expressed in area: The ecological footprint per world citizen is about 2.8 global average hectares per person while there are only 1.6 global hectare of biologically productive land and water per person on Earth. This means that humanity has already overshot global biocapacity by 70% and now lives unsustainably by depleting stocks of "natural capital". 

All this data is based on the 2020 assessment from Global Footprint Network, York University, and FoDaFo. It uses 2017 data.

Related pages 
Population growth
Overpopulation

References

Other websites
The Sustainable Scale Project's introduction to the Ecological Footprint

Global Footprint Network - international think-tank advancing the Ecological Footprint

Environmental issues
Pope Innocent VII (; 1336 – November 6, 1406), born Cosimo de' Migliorati, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 205th Pope from 1404 until his death in 1406.

Early life
Migliorati was born at Sulmona in the Abruzzi region of Italy.

Migliorati studied at Perugia, Padua and Bologna. He taught law at Perugia and Pagua.

Bishop
Pope Urban VI made Migliorati Bishop of Bologna in 1386.  He became Archbishop of Ravenna in 1387.

Cardinal
Pope Boniface IX made Migliorati cardinal in 1389.

Pope
Migliorati was elected pope on October 17, 1404; and chose to be called of Innocent VII.

He elevated his nephew as a cardinal Ludovico Migliorati.  Cardinal Migliorati had a unique role as cardinal-nephew.

Pope Innocent was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

Western Schism
Innocent VII was pope during the years of the Western Schism, which was a split between factions of the Roman Catholic Church between 1378 and 1417.

During this period, there was more than one who claimed to be the true pope.

Related pages 
 List of popes

References

Other websites 

 
  Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Innocent VII
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Migliorati

Italian popes
1336 births
1406 deaths
Air travel has a major impact on the world's environment, especially the atmosphere. With fast globalisation, air traffic has quickly increased, and is one of the biggest causes of climate change.

This is due to the noise pollution emitted from the aircraft while it is flying. It also takes fuel to fly the planes which causes pollution. Aircraft pollution has increased a great deal although flying or taking a transportation method that can carry more than a few individuals at a time is more environmentally friendly than a smaller vehicle.

Public awareness of the impact of aircraft on the environment is a lot less compared with automobiles.

References 

International Civil Aviation Organization, Air Transport Bureau (ATB) (undated). "Aircraft Engine Emissions". Retrieved 2008-03-19.
Enviro.aero (undated). "What is the impact of flying?". Retrieved 2008-03-19.
Travis, David J. (2002). "Contrails reduce daily temperature range". Nature 418 (6898): 601. doi:10.1038/418601a. PMID 12167846.

Environmental issues
Aviation
JLS (short for Jack the Lad Swing) are an English boy band, which consists of members Aston Merrygold, Oritsé Williams, Marvin Humes, and JB Gill, originally formed by Williams. They initially signed to Tracklacers production company New Track City and then went on to become runners-up of the fifth series of the ITV reality talent show The X Factor in 2008, coming second to Alexandra Burke. During their initial stint as as boy band, they have sold over 3 million records worldwide. They were runners-up in the 2008 UK series of The X Factor. JLS signed a record deal with Epic records in 2009. Their debut album peaked at number-one on the UK Albums Chart and sold more than 1 million copies.

Awards and nominations

Discography
 JLS (2009)
 Outta This World (2010)
 Jukebox (2011)

References

Other websites 
 
 

2013 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
2000s British music groups
2006 establishments in England
2010s British music groups
Black British people
English boy bands
English R&B bands
English pop music groups
English hip hop bands
Musical groups disestablished in 2013
Musical groups established in 2006
Musical groups from London
The X Factor contestants
"Hush Hush" is a single by American singer Alexis Jordan for her debut album Alexis Jordan (2011).

Track listing

UK Digital EP
"Hush Hush" – 3:42
"Hush Hush" (Tom Neville's Turned Up to 11 Remix) – 6:21
"Hush Hush" (Cahill Full On Club Remix) – 7:10
"Hush Hush" (Cahill Full On Dub Remix) – 7:10
"Hush Hush" (Cahill Lounge Remix) – 7:11
"Hush Hush" (Full Intention Club Remix) – 6:10

Australian Digital EP
"Hush Hush" – 3:42
"Hush Hush" (Cahill Full On Remix Edit) – 3:29
"Hush Hush" (Full Intention Radio Remix) – 4:54
"Hush Hush" (Tom Neville's Turned Up To 11 Radio Remix) – 3:42
"Hush Hush" (Stargate Extended Mix) – 5:20

Credits and personnel
Autumn Rowe – songwriter
StarGate (Mikkel S. Eriksen and Tor Erik Hermansen) – songwriter, producer and instrumentation
Sandy Vee – songwriter, producer, recording, mixing and instrumentation
Petr Brdicko - songwriter
Mikkel S. Eriksen – recording
Phil Tan – mixing
Damien Lewis – additional and assistant engineering
Tom Coyne – mastering

Charts

References 

Alexis Jordan songs
2011 songs
Good Girl is a song recorded by American singer Alexis Jordan for her debut album Alexis Jordan (2011).

Track listing
UK digital EP
"Good Girl" – 3:56
"Good Girl (Radio Edit)" - 3:40
"Good Girl" (Freemason's Radio Edit) – 3:31
"Good Girl" (Kim Fai Radio Edit) – 3:55
"Good Girl" (Freemason's Club Edit) – 8:47
"Good Girl" (Kim Fai Club Edit) – 6:52

Australian digital download
"Good Girl" – 3:56
"Good Girl (Radio Edit)" - 3:42
"Good Girl" (Freemason's Radio Edit) – 3:31
"Good Girl" (Kim Fai Radio Edit) – 3:55

Credits and personnel
Autumn Rowe – songwriter
StarGate (Mikkel S. Eriksen and Tor Erik Hermansen) – songwriter, producer and instrumentation
Sandy Vee – songwriter, producer and instrumentation
Petr Brdicko - songwriter
Espionage (Espen Lind and Amund Björklund) – songwriter
Mikkel S. Eriksen – recording
Miles Walker – recording assistant
Antonio Resendiz – recording assistant
Phil Tan – mixing
Damien Lewis – additional and assistant engineering
Espen Lind – guitar
Tom Coyne – mastering

Credits adapted from Alexis Jordan album booklet.

Charts

References 

Alexis Jordan songs
2011 songs
Saunders Teddell, or Saunders Terrell (or other variants, sources differ) (October 24, 1911 – March 11, 1986), known as Sonny Terry, was an American Piedmont blues and folk musician, who was known for his energetic blues harmonica style, which frequently included vocal whoops and hollers and occasionally imitations of trains and fox hunts.

Life 
He was born Saunders Terrell. His father, who was a farmer and musician, taught him the basics of harmonica playing. At the age of 16 he became blind. Because of this  he was not able to work on the farm of his father. He started playing music. He developed a harmonica style which included also vocal parts and hollers. Also the imitation of trains was part of his style.

In 1938 he played in the Carnegie Hall during the first From Spirituals to Swing concert. The same year he recorded for the Library of Congress. Although he was famous as pure folk blues artist he also played jump blues in a band. From 1941 till 1982 he played together with the guitarist  Brownie McGhee (1915–1996). He also played with other folk and blues legends like  Woody Guthrie, Leadbelly, Pete Seeger, Champion Jack Dupree, Blind Gary Davis, Mississippi John Hurt, Big Bill Broonzy amongst others.

In the 1980s he stopped due to age his career.He played only some concerts. He died in 1986. This year he also was inducted to the Blues Hall of Fame.

Discographie

Main albums 
    California Blues – Universal (Pty) Ltd.
    On the Road – Smithsonian Folkways Recordings
    Sonny Terry's Harmonica and Vocal Solos – Smithsonian Folkways Recordings
 1958  Sonny Terry's New Sound – Smithsonian Folkways Recordings
 1960  Sonny's Story – Bluesville/Original Blues Classics
 1963  Sonny Is King – Bluesville/Original Blues Classics
  1965  Sonny Terry – Archive Folk
  1960's  Sonny Terry Guitar & Harmonica – Smithsonian Folkways Recordings
  1976  Black Night Road – Tomato
   1976  Harmonica Blues – Storyville
   1976  Sonny Terry's Washboard Band
    1984  Whoopin' – Alligator Records

Compilations 
 1991  The Folkways Years, 1944–1963 – Smithsonian Folkways Recordings
1995  Whoopin' the Blues: The Capitol Recordings, 1947–1950  Capitol
1996  Complete Recordings 1938–1945 – Document

References 

Blues musicians
1911 births
1986 deaths
Blues harp players
A water footprint is the amount of freshwater used by individuals, groups or companies in order to make goods or provide services used by the community. These goods and services may be needed around the entire world. A water footprint can be determined by math for any well-established group of users, or producers. It is measured by dividing the total amount of water used, by the water that became polluted, in the same area during the same amount of time. While the water footprint of an organization is a good indicator for its water consumption and pollution, it does not show how other water sources are affected. More studies will need to be done in order to determine the effect of the water footprint on water sources.

Etymology 
The water footprint concept was introduced in 2002 by A.Y. Hoekstra from UNESCO-IHE as an alternative indicator of water use.[2]. The concept was refined and accounting methods were established with a series of publications from two lead authors A.K. Chapagain and A.Y. Hoekstra from the UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, now at WWF-UK and University of Twente respectively. The most elaborate publications on how to estimate water footprints are a 2004-report on the 'Water footprint of nations' from UNESCO-IHE [3] and the 2008-book Globalization of Water by A.Y. Hoekstra and A.K. Chapagain, published by Blackwell, 2008. Cooperation between global leading institutions in the field has led to the establishment of the Water Footprint Network in 2008 that aims to coordinate efforts to further develop and disseminate knowledge on water footprint concepts, methods and tools.

Other websites 
 Water Footprint Network
 WWF-UK 
 WWF-NL 
 UNESCO-IHE
 WSOURCE 

Footprint
Pope Boniface IX (; 1350 – 1 October 1404), born Piero Tomacelli, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 204th Pope from 1389 until his death in 1404.

Early life
Piero Tomacelli was born into the baronial family of Casarano in the Kingdom of Naples.

Cardinal
In 1381, Pope Urban VI raised Tomacelli to the rank of cardinal.

Pope
Cardinal Tomacelli was elected pope in 1389; and he chose to be called Boniface IX.

Pope Boniface was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

Papal actions
 1391 – University of Ferrara established
 1392 – University of Efurt confirmed
 1396 – Jubilee celebrated at Rome
 1398 – University of Fermo established

Boniface canonized St. Birgitta of Sweden.

Western Schism
Boniface IX was pope during the years of the Western Schism, which was a split between factions of the Roman Catholic Church between 1378 and 1417.

During this period, there was more than one who claimed to be the true pope.

Related pages 
 List of popes

References

Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Boniface IX
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Tomacelli

Italian popes
1350 births
1404 deaths
Bang! is a card game. It is set in the Wild West. It was made by an Italian man named Emiliano Sciarra. This year, there were many expansion packs for the game. With all of them, this game can be played with eight players at the most.

Start of the game 

At the beginning of game, every player chooses their character and role. When the player is choosing their character, they take two random cards, looks at special ability and picks one of them. Every character has a different count of lives (from three to five). The sheriff has one more.

There are four roles. Every player knows only their own role. Only the sheriff is known to everybody. Roles are different depending on the number of players:

 4 players  –  one sheriff, two bandits and one renegade.

 5 players  –  sheriff, two bandits, one vice and renegade

 6 players  –  sheriff, three bandits, vice and renegade

 7 players  –  sheriff, three bandits, two vices and renegade

The roles 
Each player has a different mission:

 The sheriff is the most imortant role. Every time, he starts the game. His mission is to kill all the bandits and renegades. If he kills his deputy (vice), he will lose all his cards. If he dies, the game ends.

 The vice (deputy) has to protect the sheriff and kill the bandits and renegades.

 The bandit has to kill the sheriff in every game. There has to be more than two bandits.

 The renegade is the hardest role in the game. He has to stay alive so he can kill the bandits, vice (if he is playing) and sheriff at the end.

Gameplay 
After everyone chooses their character and role, the game starts. Every player gets the same number of cards as the number of lives they have, so if a player has three lives, they get three cards. At the beginning of turn, the player takes two cards. There are three kinds of cards. They have brown, blue and green edges. Brown cards allow players to play immediately, blue cards mean a player has to put it on the table first. Green cards also mean this, but the player needs to wait for one lap before he can use the card.

Card games
Aspens are a type of poplar tree with leaves that move with the slightest wind. The two main species are both called 'trembling aspens' or 'quaking aspens' on account of their leaves.

American aspen 
Populus tremuloides is the American aspen. It is common in temperate and colder regions of North America.

It forms large stands (groups) of genetically identical trees (clones) connected by a single underground root system. These trees form through root sprouts coming off an original parent tree. The largest known fully connected aspen is a grove in Utah nicknamed 'Pando', and some experts call it the largest organism in the world, by mass or volume. It covers 0.43 km2 (106 acres) and is estimated to weigh .

European aspen 
Populus tremula is a species of poplar native to cool temperate regions of Europe and Asia, from the British Isles east to Kamchatka, north to inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia and northern Russia, and south to central Spain, Turkey, the Tian Shan mountain system, North Korea, and northern Japan. It also occurs at one site in northwest Africa in Algeria. In the south of its range, it occurs at high altitudes in mountains.

It is a hardy species which tolerates long, cold winters and short summers. Aspen is dioecious, so individual trees are either male or female (in contrast to most trees, where male and female flowers occur on the same tree). Trees flower in March and April, before the leaves appear, with both the male and female trees producing catkins. Pollinated female catkins ripen in early summer and release tiny seeds which are tufted with hairs.

Like other aspens, its main method of reproduction is vegetative (asexual). It spreads extensively by root sprouts, which may be produced up to 40 metres from the parent tree. They form extensive clonal colonies. Large numbers of new shoots can be produced in this way, especially after a major disturbance such as fire.

References 

Trees
Malpighiales
Iyyampalayam is a panchayat town in Dindigul district  in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. There also exists another village by the same name, in the Erode district in Tamil Nadu. For the Ayyampalaym in Erode district, see here: Ayyampalayam, Erode district. There is another village of the same name near Manachanallur in Trichy district.

Demographics
As of 2001 India census, Iyyampalayam had a population of 12,131. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Iyyampalayam has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 56% of the males and 44% of females literate. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.Coconuts and Mangoes are  the main production in this village. This village is located at the bottom of Kodaikanal.  Marudanadi dam is very nearer to  this village and through which around   of lands gets irrigated.  

An ancient Muthalamman Temple festival is very famous in this village. This festival was  headed by Alappa gowder and their family members every year. This takesplaces for three days Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. Wednesday night is the most important day of the festival, during that day they bring silk cloth covered goddess statue from Thevarapanpatti and removing this silk cloth and eye opening and decorate the goddess in Alappa gowder's temple house and then only it goes to the temple where festival  begins and final Friday aarathi was also taken by Alappa gowder family to the goddess as send of function. Sadayandi swami petti festival is also equivalently important.  Periya Iyyanar temple on the bank of Marudanadi river is also a worth seeing place.   Pandit Nehru Portrait was given divine status in this temple proves this village people are very patriotic by birth. 

Persons from this village have  joined in the INA  founded by Nethaji Subash Chandra Bose.  The forefathers of Dr.Subramania Siva lived in this village. Pongal festival during the month of January, jallikattu competition will be held with great enthusiasm. 

This village is well connected by road.  N.P.Ramasamy Memorial Higher Secondary School caters to the needs of this village education.

References

Villages in India
Kenneth Bruce Gorelick (born June 5, 1956), better known by his stage name Kenny G, is an American adult contemporary and smooth jazz saxophonist. His fourth album, Duotones, brought him breakthrough success in 1986. Kenny G is the biggest-selling instrumental musician with global sales totaling more than 75 million records.

Early life
Kenny G was born in Seattle, Washington, to Jewish parents and grew up in the city's Seward Park neighborhood, which is a center of the city's Jewish community. His mother was originally from Saskatchewan, Canada. He came into contact with a saxophone when he heard someone performing with one on The Ed Sullivan Show. He started playing the saxophone in 1966 when he was 10 years old. He learned how to play under the direction of trumpeter Gerald Pfister and by practicing along with records (mostly of Grover Washington, Jr.). His first saxophone was a Buffet Crampon alto.

Personal life
Kenny G married Lyndie Benson-Gorelick in 1992, and the couple had two sons. In January 2012, Benson-Gorelick filed for legal separation. Kenny G filed for divorce in August 2012.

Kenny G lives in Malibu, California. He has been an avid golfer, with a handicap of +0.6. He had participated in the AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am tournament seven times as of 2007 and teamed with Phil Mickelson to share the AT&T pro-am title in 2001 with the team of Tiger Woods and Jerry Chang. In the Golf Digest rankings of Top 100 in Music, according to golf handicap indexes of musicians, he was first in 2002 and second in 2006. He has been a member at Sherwood Country Club in Thousand Oaks, California.

Kenny G is an aircraft pilot and has a De Havilland Beaver seaplane that he flies regularly.  He was also an early investor in the Starbucks coffee house chain.

References

Other websites

Kenny G at Myspace
Kenny G at Legacy Recordings 
Kenny G  at VH1.com
Kenny G Interview – Billboard en Español
[ Kenny G] at Allmusic

1956 births
Living people
Musicians from Seattle, Washington
American jazz musicians
Jewish American musicians
Škoda Auto (), better known as Škoda, is an automobile maker. It is based in the Czech Republic. Škoda was bought by the Volkswagen Group in 2000. Its total sales reached 684,226 cars in 2009 and 85,000 for the month of March 2011.

History 

Škoda Works was started as a firearms maker in 1859.

Škoda Auto goes back to the early 1890s as a company which started out making bicycles. In 1894, 26-year old Václav Klement (a bookseller in Mladá Boleslav) could not find any spare parts to fix his bicycle. Klement returned his bicycle to the makers, Seidel and Naumann, with a letter. It was written in Czech. The letter asked the company to repair the bicycle. When Klement got his reply, it was in German. It said (in English): "If you would like an answer to your inquiry, you should try writing in a language we can understand". Klement was very unhappy at this. Even though he did not have any experience, he decided to start a bicycle repair shop. He and Václav Laurin opened this in 1895 in Mladá Boleslav. Before working with Klement, Laurin was a bicycle maker in the town of Turnov. Turnov was near to Mladá Boleslav. In 1898, after moving to their newly-built factory, the pair bought a Werner "motorcyclist". It was made by French manufacturer Werner Brothers. Laurin & Klement's first motorcyclette was powered by an engine on the handlebars. It drove the front wheels. It was dangerous and unreliable. Laurin had an accident on it, and lost one of his front teeth. To design a safer motorcycle, the pair wrote to German specialist Robert Bosch for advice. The pair's new motorcycle went on sale in 1899.

In 1900, when the company had 32 people working for them, motorcycles began being exported. 150 machines were shipped to London. Shortly after, the press said that they were the makers of the first motorcycle.  The first model, Voiturette A, was a success. The company was set up both within Austria-Hungary and all over the world. By 1905 the company was making automobiles.

After World War I, the Laurin-Klement company began making trucks. However, in 1924, the company looked for a partner after running into problems. It was bought by Škoda Works, a firearms maker. Most things made later were under the Škoda name. Škoda was successful again after an economic depression. The Popular in the late 1930s is an example of a popular car.

During World War II, when Nazi Germany had invaded Czechoslovakia, the Škoda works was turned into part of Reichswerke Hermann Göring. It helped the German war effort.

Car models 
This table shows the Škoda car models still being made.

Concept cars 
 MissionL (2011)
 Vision D (2011)
 Fabia Super (2007)
 Joyster (2006)
 Yeti II (2006)
 Roomster (2003)
 Tudor (2002)
 Fabia Paris Edition (2002)
 Ahoj (2002)
 Felicia Golden Prague (1998)
 783 Favorit Coupé (1987)
 Škoda 110 Super Sport Ferat (1971)
 Škoda 1100 GT (1968)
 Škoda F3 (1964)
 Škoda 1100 Type 968 (1958)
 Škoda 973 Babeta (1949)

Gallery

Bibliography

Notes

References

Other websites 

 

Automobile companies
1895 establishments in Europe
Czech Republic
Got 2 Luv U is a duet with American reggae singer Sean Paul and American R&B singer Alexis Jordan. The music video was filmed by Ben Mor. It peaked at number-one in Switzerland while it peaked at number 20 on Billboards Rap Songs chart.

Charts

Year-end charts

References 

2011 songs
Alexis Jordan songs
The Rohingya are an ethnic group of Southeast Asia. They are mainly Muslim. They live in the Arakan State in western Myanmar (or Burma), and in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in south-eastern Bangladesh. They are not citizens of either Burma or Bangladesh.

Starting from 2017, many Rohingya refugees began to arrive in Bangladesh in order to escape the genocide against them in Myanmar.

History 
The Rohingya say that they are native to the region now known as Arakan. They are the product of the mixing of different cultures.

The Rohingya are quite different than other people in Burma. While most people in Burma are Buddhist and speak Burmese, the Rohingya are Muslim and speak the Rohingya language, which is quite similar to the Bengali language spoken in the neighboring country of Bangladesh. Because of these differences, a lot of people look down on the Rohingya and treat them wrong. They are worried that the Rohingya are not loyal to Burma and will try to take over the country, even though Rohingya are outnumbered by other groups.

The Burmese government does not like the Rohingya people. They say that the Rohingya are Bengalis and do not belong in the country. Because of this, Rohingyas cannot do things that other people in Burma can, such as go to school and vote.

In the 2010s, the Burmese government started to put the Rohingya in concentration camps and not allow them to leave. They also took away their ID cards so that they can't say that they were seen as Burmese citizens in the past.

In 2017, the Burmese army started burning down Rohingya villages. They also killed a lot of Rohingya men and said that they were part of terrorist groups. However, most Rohingya are not involved in terrorism and just want to live peaceful lives.

Ethnic groups in Bangladesh
Burmese people
Arakanese is a nationality in Myanmar; they  form the majority along the coastal region of present-day Rakhine State or Arakan State. They possibly constitute 5.53% or more of Myanmar's total population but no accurate census figures exist. Arakanese or Rakhine people also live in the southeastern parts of Bangladesh, especially in Chittagong and Barisal Divisions. A group of Arakanese descendants, living in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh at least since the 16th century, are known as the Marma people. These Arakanese descendants have been living in that area since the Arakanese kingdom's control of the Chittagong region.

Arakanese descendants spread as far north as Tripura state in India, where their presence dates back to the ascent of the Arakanese kingdom when Tripura was ruled by Arakanese kings. In northeast India, these Arakanese people are referred to as the Mog, while in Bengali, the Marma (the ethnic Arakanese descendants in Bangladesh) and other Arakanese people are referred to as the Magh people.

Ethnic groups in Asia
was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name), also known as Temmei, after An'ei and before Kansei.  This period started in April 1781 and ended in January 1789.  During this time, the emperor was .

The nengō Tenmei means "Heavenly Radiance". The kanji means "dawn" or "daybreak".

Events of the Tenmei era

 1782 (Tenmei 2): Great Tenmei Famine began.
 1782 (Tenmei 2): The emperor received a written study of silver currency in China and Japan.  The work was made by Minamoto no Masatsuna.
 1783 (Tenmei 3):  erupted in Shinano Province and loss of life was estimated at 20,000+.
 1783 (Tenmei 3): Famine was worse; food reserves used up
 1784 (Tenmei 4): Nationwide events honored Kōbō-Daishi who was the founder of Shingon Buddhism.  Kōbō-Daishi died 950 years earlier.
 1784 (Tenmei 4): The son of Tanuma Okitsugu was assassinated in Edo Castle.
 17 September 1786 (Tenmei 6, 25th day of the 8th month): Shogun Tokugawa Ieharu died and was buried in Edo.
 1787 (Tenmei 7): Tokugawa Ienari became the 11th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate.
 1787 (Tenmei 7): Matsudaira Sadanobu becomes the shogunate's senior official (rōjū).
 1787 (Tenmei 7): Kutsuki Masatsuna published Seiyō senpu (Notes on Western Coinage).
 1788 (Tenmei 7): Riots in rice shops in Edo and Osaka.
 1788 (Tenmei 8): Great Fire of Kyoto; the Imperial Palace was destroyed.

Related pages 
 Edo period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
1781 establishments
18th-century establishments in Japan
1788 disestablishments
18th-century disestablishments in Japan
1780s establishments in Asia
Waltari is an alternative metal band from Finland. The band was formed  in Helsinki in 1986. The original members were Kärtsy Hatakka, Sale Suomalainen and Jariot Lehtinen. Their name is a reference to popular Finish writer Mika Waltari – a favorite author of band’s guitarist Jariot Lethinen. 

Waltari is more famous in the rest of Europe than in Finland and the band members have very positive relationships to Czech Republic. They’ve collaborated with Czech punk rock band Wohnout and Kärtsy is a good friend of Lenka Dusilová. The band has collaborated with many other artists. They’ve made albums with Finnish ethno band Angelit, they hosted on Apocalyptica’s album and Tarja Turunen from Nightwish was a part of Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! live performance.

Musicial style 
Waltari's music is well known for it’s destruction of rock and metal genre boundaries. Their heavy sound is often combined with elements of electronic music, pop, rap, disco, funk, grindcore and bits of many other genres and creates a fusion which can be described as avant-garde. The lead singer and bass guitarist, Kärtsy Hattaka, delivers very distinctive vocal part to their music and makes Waltari's sound even more unique and easily recognizable.

Lyrics 
Waltari’s lyrics are as diverse as their music. They’re about various range of topics including everyday misery, personal struggles, science fiction motives, and music industry philosophical questions. They have one thing in common – heavy irony, self-irony and sarcasm.

Albums 
Waltari started their musical career with demo records. The longest one was Monk Punk. This album presents an interesting mixture of punk and funk music, but the first release which provided the band more positive reviews was the album called Torcha! and it was also the first one which combined bits of many musical genres. It also includes the cover of Madonna’s song "Vogue".

Next two albums, So Fine and Big Bang were also very successful. They mainly concentrate on mixing heavy metal with techno, which was something fresh and innovative. Their biggest success among death metal fans yet came with the Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! album, which is mixture of death metal and classical music. It also has a musical feeling to it, because it’s kind of an epic story from future sung in dialogues of various characters. 

Next album Space Avenue is more electronic and it has some pop feeling to it. Another one called Radium Round goes even further in that. It’s almost a pop/disco album with some metal elements. Waltari returned to more rock sound with albums like Rare Species and very successful Blood Sample. Last two albums – Release Date and Below Zero are mainly focused on heavy sound with bits of progressive rock. 

 Monk-Punk - 1991
 Torcha! - 1992
 So Fine! - 1994
 Big Bang - 1995
 Space Avenue - 1997
 Radium Round - 1999
 Rare Species - 2004
 Blood Sample - 2005
 Release Date - 2007
 Below Zero - 2009
 Covers All - The 25th Anniversary Album - 2011

Musical groups from Helsinki
Alternative metal bands
1986 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Finland
Adabel Guerrero is an Argentine professional theatre dancer, actress and vedette. She is of Ukrainian and Spaniard descent.

Guerrero was in Dancing with the Stars in Argentina competing together with professional dancer Martin Whitecamp. They were eliminated by 41.28% of the public vote.

Theatre

Others 
 In 2008 Guerrero modeled for Maxim in Argentina for the March cover.

 In 2008 Guerrero modeled for Maxim in Argentina for the July cover.

 In 2009 Guerrero modeled for Maxim in Argentina for the January cover.

 In 2010 Guerrero modeled for Playboy in Argentina for the cover of March.

 In November 3, 2011 Guerrero taped a video with the band Banda XXI of her dancing & singing to their song "Bam Bam".

 In November 2011 Guerrero created a portfolio of her named "Dulce Rock". Photos taken by Aníbal Pérez and clothing by Marta Trobbiani and Gisela Sabino.

Inspirations
When asked about her inspiration on dancing Guerrero responded: 

"Julio Bocca, Maximiliano Guerra, Hernán Piquín ... They are the highest in Argentina, each with their own style. Maxi, more manly, more land, and Julio and Piquín more princely, more aerial. There is no first or second, they are different from each other.They have broken their souls to get where they are now."

Guerrero also says that dance it self is her inspiration:
 
"To me, dancing transports me, its an absolute passion. Dancing is the best,its orgasmic."

References

Other websites 
 Official web site

1978 births
Living people
Argentine actors
Argentine models
Dancers
Sir Walter Raleigh (c. 1554–29 October 1618) was an English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, spy, and explorer. He helped make tobacco popular in England, especially among people in the royal court.

Raleigh was born to a Protestant family in East Budleigh, in Devon, the son of Walter Raleigh and Catherine Champernowne. Walter Raleigh was married to a woman called Elizabeth Throckmorten. He had 3 sons named Damerei Raleigh, Walter Raleigh and Carew Raleigh.

In 1594, Raleigh heard of a "City of Gold" in South America and sailed to find it, writing an exaggerated story of his trip in a book. He explored North Carolina all the way down to Florida. This book made people believe in the legend of "El Dorado". After Queen Elizabeth died in 1603, Raleigh was put in prison because he was accused of trying to overthrow King James I, who did not like Raleigh. In 1616, he was released to go look for El Dorado again. This was unsuccessful, and Raleigh's men attacked a Spanish outpost. He returned to England. The Spanish were upset, so to calm them, England arrested Raleigh and executed him by beheading (decapitation) on 29 October 1618.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 
 

1550s births
1618 deaths
English writers
English explorers
The rings of Uranus are planetary rings (circles of rock and dust) that go around the planet Uranus. There are 11 rings in total. In order of increasing distance from Uranus, they are: 1986U2R/ζ, 6, 5, 4, α, β, η, γ, δ, λ, ε, ν and μ.

Nine rings were found on 10 March 1977 by James L. Elliot, Edward W. Dunham and Douglas J. Mink. Scientists found two more rings in 1986 in images from the Voyager 2 spacecraft and two outer rings in 2003–2005 in images from the Hubble Space Telescope.

Most of the rings are only a few kilometres wide and are very dark. Most rings are made of rocks 0.2–20 meters wide. But some rings are made of very small dust particles. The closest ring is 38,000 km away from the center of Uranus and the furthest ring is 98,000 km away.

Scientists think that the rings are at not more than 600 million years old. The ring system was created when several moons crashed together. After crashing, the moons broke up into many pieces and made rings.People may discover more rings.

Uranus (planet)
Excision (real name: Jeff Abel) (born 1986 in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada) is a dubstep DJ and music boss. His signature sound takes influence from the morphing basslines of the drum and bass genre, the aggressive energy of heavy metal, and the laid back vibes of hip hop. Excision is also cited as being one of the first dubstep producers and DJs in North America, he has also played a significant role in the genre's growth in popularity. His first release was in 2007. Excision was asked by Pendulum to remix their 2009 single “Showdown.” His musical recordings from the Shambhala Music Festival in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 have also received over a million downloads which are available for free. He is known to work frequently with fellow Canadian producers Datsik and Downlink. he is also bad ass

References

Other websites
Excision's Official website

1986 births
Living people
DJs
Electronic musicians
People from Kelowna
Populus is a genus of trees common in the northern hemisphere. They are commonly called poplars. The genus has 25–35 species in three sub-groups, commonly called poplars, aspens, and cottonwoods.

In the September 2006 issue of Science, it was announced that the Western Balsam Poplar (P. trichocarpa) was the first tree to have its full DNA code sequenced.

Reproduction 
The flowers are mostly dioecious (rarely monoecious) and appear in early spring before the leaves. They are borne in long, drooping catkins. The male flowers have a group of 4–60 stamens on a disk. The female flower is a single-celled ovary in a cup-shaped disk.

Pollination is by wind. The fruit is a two to four-valved capsule, green to reddish-brown, mature in mid summer. It contains tiny light brown seeds surrounded by tufts of long, soft, white hairs which help wind dispersal.

Ecology
Poplars of the cottonwood section are often wetlands or riparian trees. The aspens are among the most important boreal broadleaf trees.

Poplars and aspens are important food plants for the larvae of a large number of Lepidoptera species.  Pleurotus populinus, the aspen oyster mushroom, is found exclusively on dead wood of Populus trees in North America.

References 

Trees
Malpighiales
Amy Meredith Poehler (; born September 16, 1971) is an American actress, comedian, director, producer and writer. She was a cast member of the television program Saturday Night Live between 2001 and 2008.

Early life
Poehler was born in Newton, Massachusetts. Her parents are high school teachers Eileen Frances (née Milmore) and William Grinstead Poehler. She grew up in nearby Burlington. Her father is of German, Irish, Portuguese, and English ancestry. Her mother is of Irish ancestry. Poehler was raised in the Catholic faith. She graduated from Burlington High School in 1989. She studied at Boston College and at The Second City.

Marriage and family
Poehler has been married to Will Arnett since 2003. They have two children. In September 2012, Poehler and Arnett separated. The divorce was finalized in 2016.

Filmography

Movies

Television

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites

 in 2009
 Amy Poehler named one of Men's Vogue's 2008 Visionaries 
 TODAY talent are on People magazine annual list of 100, led by Applegate 
 Amy Poehler at Emmys.com

1971 births
American feminists
Living people
Comedians from Boston, Massachusetts
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
People from Newton, Massachusetts