cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ithaca is a city in upstate New York, America. It was named after the Greek island of Ithaca. Cornell University and Ithaca College are in the city.

Cities in New York
County seats in New York
The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is a war and dispute that is still going on between the State of Israel and the Palestinians (some of which are represented by the Palestinian Authority, Fatah, or Hamas). It is part of the wider Arab–Israeli conflict. The dispute is over a specific area of land (what used to be the Mandatory Palestine area) that Palestinians and Israelis both claim. Many attempts have been made to make a two-state solution, which would mean an independent Palestinian state and an Israeli state, dividing the land between the two groups.
Right now, the vast majority of Israelis and Jews, according to many polls, agree a two-state solution is the best way to end the conflict. Most Palestinians view Judea and Samaria and the Gaza Strip as the area of their future state, which is a view also accepted by most Israelis. A handful of academics advocate a one-state solution, where all of Israel, the Gaza Strip, and Judea and Samaria would become a bi-national state (a country for both Israelis and Palestinians) with equal rights for all. However, there are big areas of disagreement over the form of any final agreement and also about the level of trust each side has in the other in following an agreement.

In 1920, 1937, 1948, 1967, 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2021 there were agreements to split the land into two countries, away from the original plan of a Jewish state in all of mandatory Palestine (Jordan and Israel). Israel accepted all of them. Every other plan has been rejected by most factions of Arabs or Palestinians.

Related pages
List of ongoing armed conflicts

References

Other websites
The Israel-Palestine conflict: a brief, simple history, Vox Media LLC on YouTube

Politics of Israel
Politics of Palestine
Palestinian territories

Nationalism
RPM was a Canadian music magazine that had song and album charts for Canada. It was started by Walt Grealis in February 1964 and printed with the help of Stan Klees who owned a record label. RPM was printed until November 2000.

RPM stood for "Records, Promotion, Music". Sometimes the magazine was also called RPM Weekly and RPM Magazine.

Canada
The Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media has been awarded since 1988. From 1988 to 1999 it was called the Grammy Award for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television. The award is presented to the songwriter(s).

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for works released in the previous year.

2000s 
 Grammy Awards of 2008
 Siedah Garrett & Henry Kireger for "Love You I Do" (from Dreamgirls) performed by Jennifer Hudson
 Grammy Awards of 2007
 Randy Newman for "Our Town" (from Cars) performed by James Taylor
 Grammy Awards of 2006
 Glen Ballard & Alan Silvestri for "Believe" (from The Polar Express) performed by Josh Groban
 Grammy Awards of 2005
 Annie Lennox, Howard Shore & Fran Walsh for "Into the West" (from The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King) performed by Annie Lennox
 Grammy Awards of 2004 
 Christopher Guest, Eugene Levy & Michael McKean for "A Mighty Wind" (from A Mighty Wind) performed by The Folksmen, Mitch & Mickey & The New Main Street Singers
 Grammy Awards of 2003 
 Randy Newman for "If I Didn't Have You" (from Monsters, Inc.)
 Grammy Awards of 2002 
 John Flansburgh & John Linnell for "Boss of Me" (Malcolm in the Middle) performed by They Might Be Giants
 Grammy Awards of 2001 
 Randy Newman for "When She Loved Me" (From Toy Story 2) performed by Sarah McLachlan
 Grammy Awards of 2000 
 Madonna & William Orbit for "Beautiful Stranger" (from Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me) performed by Madonna

1990s 
 Grammy Awards of 1999 
 James Horner & Will Jennings for "My Heart Will Go On" (from Titanic) performed by Céline Dion
 Grammy Awards of 1998 
 R. Kelly for "I Believe I Can Fly" (from Space Jam) 
 Grammy Awards of 1997 
 Diane Warren for "Because You Loved Me" (Theme from Up Close & Personal) performed by Céline Dion
 Grammy Awards of 1996 
 Alan Menken & Stephen Schwartz for "Colors of the Wind" (from Pocahontas) performed by Judy Kuhn & Vanessa Williams 
 Grammy Awards of 1995 
 Bruce Springsteen for "Streets of Philadelphia" (from Philadelphia)
 Grammy Awards of 1994 
 Alan Menken & Tim Rice for "A Whole New World (Aladdin's Theme)" (from Aladdin) performed by Regina Belle & Peabo Bryson
 Grammy Awards of 1993 
 Howard Ashman & Alan Menken for "Beauty and the Beast" (from Beauty and the Beast) performed by Peabo Bryson & Céline Dion 
 Grammy Awards of 1992 
 Bryan Adams, Michael Kamen & Robert John "Mutt" Lange for "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" (from Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves) performed by Bryan Adams 
 Grammy Awards of 1991 
 Alan Menken & Howard Ashman for "Under the Sea" (from The Little Mermaid) performed by various artists
 Grammy Awards of 1990 
 Carly Simon for "Let the River Run" (from Working Girl)

1980s 
 Grammy Awards of 1989 
 Phil Collins and Lamont Dozier for "Two Hearts" (from Buster) performed by Phil Collins
 Grammy Awards of 1988 
 James Horner, Barry Mann & Cynthia Weil for "Somewhere Out There" (from An American Tail) performed by Linda Ronstadt & James Ingram

Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media
Bonnie Lynn Raitt (born November 8, 1949) is an American blues singer-songwriter who was born in Burbank, California.  Raitt is best known for her songs "Nick of Time", "Something to Talk About", and the ballad "I Can't Make You Love Me."   Raitt is also an avid political activist and has received nine Grammy Awards in her career.

People from Burbank, California
Singers from California
Musicians from California
American blues singers
American blues musicians
American guitarists
American political activists
1949 births
Living people
Warner Bros. Records artists
Melanie Chisholm (born 1974) is an English singer-songwriter and television personality best known as one of the five members of English girl group the Spice Girls, who was nicknamed "Sporty Spice". As a solo artist she has released four albums and was nominated for a BRIT and ECHO Awards and charted at the top of the Billboard Dance Chart in the US in late 2000.

References 

1974 births
Living people
English pop musicians
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from Merseyside
Spice Girls
Wish You Were Here is a concept album by Pink Floyd. It was recorded at Abbey Road Studios between January and July 1975 and released on 15 September 1975. The album would later be thought of as one of Pink Floyd's greatest albums and was ranked 209 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list. Its lyrics, written by Roger Waters, talked about the music industry, and the market-oriented record companies' not having an understanding and interest for musicians. The album also pays tribute to Syd Barrett, Pink Floyd's former guitarist and chief songwriter, especially with "Shine On You Crazy Diamond" and the "Wish You Were Here" title track. The album sold 10 million copies worldwide.

Track listing

References 

Pink Floyd albums
Concept albums
Progressive rock albums
Animals is a concept album by English progressive rock band Pink Floyd, released on 23 January 1977 in the United Kingdom and on 2 February 1977 in the United States. The album proved to be a success in the UK, where it reached #2 in the era of punk music.  It was also a success in the U.S., reaching #3 on the Billboard album charts (#1 and #2 were Hotel California by the Eagles, and the soundtrack to the Barbra Streisand film A Star Is Born). However, it was on the American charts for only six months even though it has continued to sell solidly, to the extent of its having gone quadruple platinum, according to the RIAA.

In the UK, the British Phonographic Industry awarded the album Gold (100,000 units) in 1977. It has yet to achieve Platinum.

Track listing

Pink Floyd albums
Concept albums
Progressive rock albums
Space rock is a subgenre of rock music. The term originally referred to a group of early mostly British 1970s progressive rock and psychedelic bands such as Hawkwind and Pink Floyd. The music is characterised by slow, lengthy instrumental passages dominated by synthesisers, experimental guitar work and science fiction lyrical themes. Later the words were changed to mean a series of late 1980s British alternative rock bands that drew from earlier influences to create a more melodic but still ambient form of pop music.

References

Rock music
The Final Cut is the twelfth studio album by Pink Floyd. It was recorded at various studios in the UK from July to December 1982. It is the final Pink Floyd studio album with the band's bassist and primary songwriter Roger Waters.

The album is predominantly the work of Waters. It is the only Pink Floyd album on which the credit for writing every song is given to Waters alone. Keyboardist Rick Wright had been fired by Waters during the recording of The Wall, so this is the only Pink Floyd album on which Wright does not participate at all. Meanwhile, David Gilmour sings lead vocals on only one of the album's twelve songs, the rest being sung entirely by Waters.

During the recording of The Final Cut, there was a lot of tension between Waters and the other members of the band, particularly Gilmour, who now says that he doesn't like most of the album. For these and other reasons, it is sometimes regarded as a Roger Waters solo album rather than a true Pink Floyd album.

None of the album's songs has ever been performed live by Pink Floyd, though some have been performed live by Waters during solo tours. Waters' dominance on the album is most clearly seen on the back cover, which reads: The Final Cut: A Requiem for the Post-War Dream - by Roger Waters, performed by Pink Floyd.

Track listing 
All songs composed by Roger Waters. All lead vocals performed by Roger Waters unless otherwise stated.

Original release

Side one 
 "The Post War Dream" – 3:02
 "Your Possible Pasts" – 4:22
 "One of the Few" – 1:12
 "The Hero's Return" – 2:56
 "The Gunner's Dream" – 5:07
 "Paranoid Eyes" – 3:40

Side two 
 "Get Your Filthy Hands Off My Desert" – 1:19
 "The Fletcher Memorial Home" – 4:11
 "Southampton Dock" – 2:13
 "The Final Cut" – 4:46
 "Not Now John" – 5:01
 Lead vocals: David Gilmour and Roger Waters
 "Two Suns in the Sunset" – 5:14

2004 re-release 
 "The Post War Dream" – 3:00
 "Your Possible Pasts" – 4:26
 "One of the Few" – 1:11
 "When the Tigers Broke Free" – 3:16
 "The Hero's Return" – 2:43
 "The Gunner's Dream" – 5:18
 "Paranoid Eyes" – 3:41
 "Get Your Filthy Hands Off My Desert" – 1:17
 "The Fletcher Memorial Home" – 4:12
 "Southampton Dock" – 2:10
 "The Final Cut" – 4:45
 "Not Now John" – 4:56
 Lead vocals: David Gilmour and Roger Waters
 "Two Suns in the Sunset" – 5:23

Pink Floyd albums
A Momentary Lapse of Reason is the thirteenth studio album by Pink Floyd, the band's first release after the departure of Roger Waters from the band in 1985. The album reached #3 on both the U.S. and UK charts. It was released in the UK and the rest of Europe on EMI and on Columbia Records for the rest of the world.

Quotes

Track listing 
All lead vocals performed by David Gilmour except where noted.

"Signs of Life" (instrumental, spoken word by Nick Mason) (David Gilmour, Bob Ezrin) – 4:24
"Learning to Fly" (Gilmour, Anthony Moore, Ezrin, Jon Carin) – 4:53
"The Dogs of War" (Gilmour, Moore) – 6:05
"One Slip" (Gilmour, Phil Manzanera) – 5:10
"On the Turning Away" (Gilmour, Moore) – 5:42
"Yet Another Movie" (Gilmour, Patrick Leonard) / "Round and Around" (Gilmour) – 7:28
"A New Machine (Part 1)" (Gilmour) – 1:46
"Terminal Frost" (Gilmour) – 6:17
"A New Machine (Part 2)" (Gilmour) – 0:38
"Sorrow" (Gilmour) – 8:46

Personnel
Pink Floyd
David Gilmour – vocals, guitars, keyboards, sequencers
Nick Mason – drums, percussion, drum machine, sound effects

Additional musicians
Richard Wright – keyboards, backing vocals
Carmine Appice – drums
Sarah Nean Bruce – spherical sound
Ken Caillat – spherical sound
Jon Carin – keyboards
Bob Ezrin – keyboards, percussion, sequencers
Donnie Gerrard – backing vocals
John Helliwell – saxophone (mistakenly credited as "John Halliwell")
Tom Jones – spherical sound
Jim Keltner – drums
Darlene Koldenhaven – backing vocals
Michael Landau – backing guitar
Patrick Leonard – synthesizers
Tony Levin – bass guitar, Chapman Stick
Scott Page – tenor saxophone
Bill Payne – Hammond organ
Tom Scott – alto and soprano saxophones
Phyllis St. James – backing vocals
Carmen Twillie – backing vocals

Production
Andrew Jackson – sound effects
Mastering Lab – mastering
Precision Lacquer – mastering
Phil Taylor – technical and musical instrument supervision

Pink Floyd albums
Mmhmm is the fourth album made by Relient k. It has other spellings because it's a strange word. It is different from the bands previous albums, because it's heavier but also softer at times with the music. It marks the time where the band became more serious, using fewer joke songs than before.

This was their first album on their record label Capitol Records. It was also the last CD which Brian Pitman (Relient k bassist) recorded with the band.

The album was released again, with a new song which was first found on an EP. In 2005, the album was given gold status, because it had sold half a million copies in America. The album had a few singles which were played only on Christian radio such as "High of 75" and "I so hate consequences".

Songs 

 The One I'm Waiting For
 Be My Escape
 High of 75
 I So Hate Consequences
 The Only Thing Worse Than Beating A Dead Horse Is Betting On One
 My Girls Ex-Boyfriend
 More Than Useless
 Which To Bury, Us Or The Hatchet?
 Let It All Out
 Who I Am Hates Who I've Been
 Maintain Counciousness
 This Week The Trend
 Life After Death And Taxes
 When I Go Down

2004 albums
Now or Never is the first song off the soundtrack from High School Musical 3:Senior Year. It is about the East High Wildcats' final game of basketball before they leave East High.  It was released on iTunes Music Store on September 2, 2008.

Websites used

High School Musical
2008 songs
What Time Is It? is a song off the soundtrack for High School Musical 2.

Sources

High School Musical
2007 songs
List of the Presidents of Poland (officially President of the Republic of Poland) and other Polish heads of state since 1918 (people who held title other than President)

Second Republic (1918-1939)

 Józef Piłsudski (Chief of State), 1918-1922
 Gabriel Narutowicz, 1922
 Maciej Rataj (acting), 1922
 Stanisław Wojciechowski, 1922-1926
 Maciej Rataj (acting), 1926
Ignacy Mościcki, 1926-1939

Government in exile (1939-1990)

Government in emigration was recognized internationally until 1945

 Władysław Raczkiewicz, 1939-1947
 August Zaleski, 1947-1972
 Stanisław Ostrowski, 1972-1979
 Edward Bernard Raczyński, 1979-1986
 Kazimierz Sabbat, 1986-1989
 Ryszard Kaczorowski, 1989-1990

Communist Poland (1944-1989)

 Bolesław Bierut, 1944-1952
 Aleksander Zawadzki (Council of State), 1953-1964
 Edward Ochab (Council of State), 1964-1968
 Marian Spychalski (Council of State), 1968-1970
 Józef Cyrankiewicz (Council of State), 1970-1972
 Henryk Jabłoński (Council of State), 1972-1985
 Wojciech Jaruzelski (Council of State), 1985-1989

Third Republic (from 1989)

 Wojciech Jaruzelski, 1 January 1989 - 22 December 1990
 Lech Wąłęsa, 22 December 1990 - 22 December 1995
 Aleksander Kwaśniewski, 23 December 1995 - 23 December 2005
 Lech Kaczyński, 23 December 2005 - 10 April 2010
 Bronisław Komorowski (acting), 10 April 2010 - 8 July 2010
 Bogdan Borusewicz (acting), 8 July 2010
 Grzegorz Schetyna (acting), 8 July 2010 - 6 August 2010
 Bronisław Komorowski, 6 August 2010 - 6 August 2015
 Andrzej Duda, 6 August 2015 -

Lists of heads of state
A.E.K. Athens F.C. () is a Greek football club. The team is based in Nea Filadelfia, Athens. It is one of the most successful Greek clubs. AEK was established on 13 April 1924 by Greek people who left Constantinople (Istanbul) during the Greco-Turkish War. AEK Athens, is the only Greek football club that has been advanced to the Semi-Finals of the UEFA Cup, in 1977. They have rivalries with Panathinakos, Olympiacos, and PAOK.

Players

Current squad

Out on loan

Titles

Domestic competitions
Leagues:
 Super League
 Winners (12): 1938–39, 1939–40, 1962–63, 1967–68, 1970–71, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1988–89, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 2017–18
Super League 2 (Second Division)
 Winners (1): 2014–15
Football League (Third Division)
 Winners (1): 2013–14 (Group 6)

Cups:
Greek Cup
 Winners (15): 1931–32, 1938–39, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1955–56, 1963–64, 1965–66, 1977–78, 1982–83, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2010–11, 2015–16
Greek Super Cup
Winners (2):  1989, 1996
Greek League Cup
Winners (1) (record): 1990

International competitions
 UEFA Europa League
 Semi-finals (1): 1976–77
 UEFA Champions League
 Quarter-finals (1): 1968–69
 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
 Quarter-Finals (2): 1996–97, 1997–98
 Balkans Cup
 Runners-up (1): 1966–67

Regional
Athens F.C.A. Regional Championship
 Winners (4): 1940, 1946, 1947, 1950

References

Other Websites
Official websites
 Official website 
 AEK Athens at Super League Greece 
 AEK Athens at UEFA
 AEK Athens  at FIFA
News sites
 AEK Athens on aek365.org 
 AEK Athens news  from Nova Sports

Greek football clubs
Sport in Athens
1924 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Greece
The theory known as spontaneous generation held that complex, living organisms are generated by decaying organic substances. Mice might spontaneously appear in stored grain or maggots could spontaneously appear in meat.

According to Aristotle it was a readily observable truth that aphids arise from the dew which falls on plants, fleas from putrid matter, mice from dirty hay, crocodiles from  logs rotting at the bottom of bodies of water, and so forth. In the 17th century these things started to be questioned.
Sir Thomas Browne wrote a book called Pseudodoxia Epidemica. He subtitled it Enquiries into Very many Received Tenets, and Commonly Presumed Truths. He published it in 1646. He wrote it as an attack on false beliefs and "vulgar errors". 

Scientists failed to accept the conclusions he reached. For example, Alexander Ross, a scientist who lived at the same time as Browne, wrote about it: "To question this (he meant: to question spontaneous generation) is to question reason, sense and experience.  If he doubts of this let him go to Egypt, and there he will find the fields swarming with mice, begot of the mud of Nylus, to the great calamity of the inhabitants."

In 1546 the physician Girolamo Fracastoro theorized that epidemic diseases were caused by tiny, invisible particles or "spores", which might not be living creatures, but this was not widely accepted. Next, Robert Hooke published the first drawings of a microorganism in 1665. He is also credited for naming the cell which he discovered while observing cork samples.

In 1676, Anthony van Leeuwenhoek discovered microorganisms that were probably protozoa and bacteria. This sparked new interest in the microscopic world. 

The first step was taken by the Italian Francesco Redi. In 1668, Redi proved that no maggots appeared in meat when flies were prevented from laying eggs.  From the 17th century onwards it was gradually shown that, at least in the case of all the higher and readily visible organisms, the previous sentiment regarding spontaneous generation was false. The alternative seemed to be omne vivum ex ovo: that every living thing came from a pre-existing living thing (literally, everything from an egg). 

In 1768 Lazzaro Spallanzani proved that microbes came from the air, and could be killed by boiling. Yet it was not until 1861 that Louis Pasteur performed a series of careful experiments. With these experiments, Pasteur proved that organisms such as bacteria and fungi do not appear in nutrient-rich media of their own accord in non-living material. This experiment supported cell theory.

References

Related page 
Origin of life

Philosophy
Biology
The term Mother of the Nation refers to a female leader or female politician who led her country to independence. She may also be a person who is highly honored by her country.

List
The following women are still often called the "Mother" of their respective nations.

Related pages 
 Father of the Nation

References

Nationalism
Women
Die Welt is a daily German newspaper. It is conservative and free market in its editorial policy. It has an circulation of about 210,000 newspapers a day.

Die Welt was founded in 1946. The founder was the British Military Government in Germany.
In the 1950's the Axel Springer Verlag bought the newspaper.

Other websites
 Welt.de

Newspapers published in Germany
1946 establishments in Germany
Benrath is a part of Düsseldorf. It belongs to Düsseldorf since 1929.

History

The name Benrath came from the "Knights of Benrode". 
Benrath was mentioned for the first time in 1222.
The first church of Benrath was built in 1002.
In the 14th century Benrode belonged to the Counts of Berg.
Benrath was a village.

In the time of Industrial Revolution Benrath lied next to an important railway connection.
Benrath grew very fast in that time.

In 1929 Benrath became a part of Düsseldorf.

Benrath today

Benrath is in the South of Düsseldorf. It has an area of 5.90 km² and 15,900 inhabitants.
There is a railway station in Benrath (Benrath Railway Station). Until the 1980s, some long distance trains stopped in Benrath.
It is still a regional station.

The Benrath line

In the German language the Benrath line is the border line between the Northern German and the Southern German idiom.

The Benrath Castle 

The Benrath Castle is one of the largest castles from baroque time in Germany. 
In the castle there is a museum.
The park of the castle is very famous, too.

Benrath
Wallabies are marsupials from the islands of Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and New Guinea. They are small- to medium-sized kangaroos. There are 30 different types of wallabies that live in many types of habitats, including rocky areas, grasslands, forests and swamps.

Description 
Wallabies range in size from the size of a rabbit to almost 6 ft (1.8 m) long. The soft, woolly fur can be gray, brown, red or almost black. The belly is lighter. Females (called fliers) have a pouch in which the young live and drink milk. Males (called boomers) are larger than females. Babies are called joeys. They have short arms with clawed fingers. strong, legs, and long, four-toed feet with claws. They can hop and jump with their powerful legs.

Diet 
These herbivores (plant-eaters) eat grass, leaves, and roots. They swallow their food without chewing it and later regurgitate a cud and chew it. They need very little water; they can go for months without drinking, and they dig their own water wells.

List of wallabies
This is a list of about 30 wallaby species:
 Banded hare-wallaby, Lagostrophus fasciatus
 Brown dorcopsis, Dorcopsis muelleri
 White-striped dorcopsis, Dorcopsis hageni
 Black dorcopsis, Dorcopsis atrata
 Gray dorcopsis, Dorcopsis luctuosa
 Small dorcopsis, Dorcopsulus vanheurni
 Macleay's dorcopsis, Dorcopsulus macleayi
 Lake Mackay hare-wallaby, Lagorchestes asomatus 
 Spectacled hare-wallaby, Lagorchestes conspicillatus
 Rufous hare-wallaby, Lagorchestes hirsutus
 Eastern hare-wallaby, Lagorchestes leporides 
 Agile wallaby, Macropus agilis 
 Black-striped wallaby, Macropus dorsalis
 Tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii
 Toolache wallaby, Macropus greyii (extinct)
 Western brush wallaby, Macropus irma
 Parma wallaby: Macropus parma (rediscovered, thought extinct for 100 years)
 Pretty-faced wallaby: Macropus parryi
 Red-necked wallaby: Macropus rufogriseus
 Bridled nail-tail wallaby, Onychogalea fraenata
 Crescent nail-tail wallaby, Onychogalea lunata (extinct)
 Northern nail-tail wallaby, Onychogalea unguifera
 Short-eared Rock-wallaby, Petrogale brachyotis
 Monjon, Petrogale burbidgei
 Nabarlek, Petrogale concinna
 Proserpine rock-wallaby, Petrogale persephone
 Rothschild's rock-wallaby, Petrogale rothschildi
 Yellow-footed rock-wallaby, Petrogale xanthopus
 Allied rock-wallaby, Petrogale assimilis
 Cape York rock-wallaby, Petrogale coenensis
 Godman's rock-wallaby, Petrogale godmani
 Herbert's rock-wallaby, Petrogale herberti
 Unadorned rock-wallaby, Petrogale inornata
 Black-flanked rock-wallaby, Petrogale lateralis
 Mareeba rock-wallaby, Petrogale mareeba
 Brush-tailed rock-wallaby, Petrogale penicillata
 Purple-necked rock-wallaby, Petrogale purpureicollis
 Mt. Claro rock-wallaby, Petrogale sharmani
 Tasmanian pademelon, Thylogale billardierii
 Brown's pademelon, Thylogale browni 
 Dusky Ppademelon, Thylogale brunii
 Calaby's pademelon, Thylogale calabyi
 Mountain pademelon, Thylogale lanatus
 Red-legged pademelon, Thylogale stigmatica
 Red-necked pademelon, Thylogale thetis
 Swamp wallaby or black wallaby, Wallabia bicolor

Macropods
Marsupials of Australia
Suphanburi was an ancient province. Researchers found evidence that is over 2500 years old. Artifacts have been found from the Stone Age, Iron Age and successive cultures including the Suwannapoom period, Funan, Aummarawadee and Sriwichai.
The old name of Suphanburi was Tarawadeesrisuphannapoom or Phan tumaburi, on a bank of Ta Jeen River. In the Ayuttaya period it was a capital city. Suphanburi was an outpost city and an important granary.

Administration

In the present, Suphanburi is in central Thailand. It’s 108 kilometres away from Bangkok. Its administration is divided into 10 Aumper, 110 communes (tambon), and 997 villages that are.

Aumper Muang Suphanburi
Aumper Dan Chang
Aumper Don Chedi
Aumper Song Pi Nong
Aumper Sam Chuk
Aumper Bang Pla Ma
Aumper Si Prachan
Aumper U- Thong
Aumper Nong Ya Sai
Aumper Doem Bang Nang Buat

The interesting places in Suphanburi
 Buffalo Villages is at Aumper Sri Prajan. It’s the place that shows about the way of life of Thai people with buffaloes and home stays for visitor at a low prize.
 Samchuk 100 years Market is at Aumper Sam Chuk. It was a Chinese community for a long time. It’s a place that you should visit! Because there are many old things for sale.
 Banharn-Jamsai Tower is at Aumper Muang Suphanburi. From this tower you can see views around Suphanburi province very far. And around this tower there is an amusement park, too.
 Bueng Chawak Aquarium is at Aumper Doem Bang Nang Buat. It’s a very interesting place to visit. There are many zones like the zoo, under water world, tree houses and Vegetables Park.
In Suphanburi has many more things to visit than this.

References

Ancient history
History of Thailand
Avant-garde music, or experimental music, is a type of music that is meant to push the boundaries of "what music is." It started in the 1940s and 1950s after World War II. Some famous avant-garde composers were John Cage, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Henry Cowell.

Examples of avant-garde songs

4' 33" 
This was a song written by John Cage that is 4 minutes and 33 seconds of complete silence. It is meant to make the audience listen to the sounds around them.

Revolution 9 
This is a song by the popular English rock band The Beatles. It appeared on their album The Beatles, also known as The White Album (released in 1968.) "Revolution 9" is over 8 minutes of random sounds, and someone repeatedly saying "number 9...number 9...number 9...number 9..." It was mostly the work of John Lennon and his wife, Yoko Ono.

Hey Foxymophandlemama, That's Me 
This is a song by the American grunge band Pearl Jam. It is the last song on their third album Vitalogy, released in 1994. It is over seven minutes long. It is made up of conversations between mental patients in asylums, and psychiatrists, with distorted bass guitar and drums laid over them.

Music genres
Lisa Gerrard (born 12 April 1961)  is an Australian musician, singer and composer who rose to fame as part of the group Dead Can Dance with former music partner Brendan Perry. 

Gerrard received a Golden Globe award and an Academy Award nomination for the score for the 2000 film Gladiator on which she teamed up with Hans Zimmer.

Vocal ability
Gerrard possesses the vocal range of a contralto, spanning from E3-F5. Her voice has been described as rich, deep, dark, mournful and unique.   

She also has the ability to extend upwards into the dramatic mezzo-soprano range, examples of such would be on the songs The Host of Seraphim, Elegy,  Space Weaver, Come This Way and One Perfect Sunrise.   Gerrard however performs more predominantly in the dramatic contralto range in her other songs, Sanvean, Sacrifice, Largo and Not Yet. 

Gerrard sings many of her songs, such as Now We Are Free, Come Tenderness, Serenity, The Valley of the Moon, Tempest, Pilgrimage of Lost Children, Coming Home and Sanvean in an idioglossia (an idiosyncratic language) that she has developed since the age of twelve.

References 

1961 births
Living people
Contraltos
Salwar kameez (also spelled shalwar kameez or shalwar qameez) is a traditional dress worn by both women and men in Southern Asia. Salvars or shalvars are loose pajama-like trousers. The legs are wide at the top, and narrow at the bottom. The kameez is a long shirt or tunic. The side seams (known as the chaak) are left open below the waist-line, which gives the wearer greater freedom of movement. It is the most common dress for men in Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Gallery

References

Clothing
Pakistani culture
National symbols of Pakistan
Allspice (also called Jamaica pepper, Kurundu, Myrtle pepper, pimento, allspice berries, or newspice) is a spice which is the dried unripe fruit of the Pimenta dioica plant, a tree native to the West Indies, southern Mexico and Central America. The tree Pimenta dioica is from the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), and it is very valued for its berries. The allspice was named because the flavor of the berry is like a mixture of cloves, cinnamon, and nutmeg. It is used very much in baking, mostly for making mincemeat and mixed pickling spice. It was discovered first by the early Spanish explorers, who mistook it for a type of pepper.

Allspice is the only spice grown in the Western Hemisphere. But after that, the wild trees were cut down to get the berries and only a few allspice are left. There are many plantations in Mexico and Central America, too. However, the best allspice comes from Jamaica where the weather and soil are best for the berries.

History 
Allspice was used by the Mayans and by other South American Indians when making chocolate. The name Jamaica comes from Xamayca. This means ‘land of wood and water’ in the language of the Arawaks. The Arawaks used allspice to help keep the meat from rotting, or sometimes against their enemies.

The spice was imported to Europe after it was discovered. There were many tries to plant it in the East, but it did not work because the trees could not give a lot of fruit. Even though it had a rich smell and a tasty flavor, allspice never had the same caché in Europe as cinnamon or pepper. The English started taking the spice by ship to England in 1737, but by that time the want for spices had been taken over by other kinds of products such as sugar and coffee. It was still a little popular in England though, where it came to be known as the English Spice.
In the Napoleonic war of 1812, Russian soldiers put the spice in their boots to keep their feet warm. Because of this, today the pimento oil from the allspice is usually used for the men’s dress.

Description 

Dried allspice berries look like large brown peppercorns and their colors are cocoa brown. When the berries are not yet ripe, they are harvested and dried by the sun. They are different in size from between 4 and 7 mm (1/8 - 1/4 in) in diameter and are dark brown. Their skin is very wrinkled, and  the outer case has two seeds. Allspice can be eaten ground or whole.

Storage 

Whole dried allspice can keep without a time limit if they are properly kept in airtight jars. They also must not face the light. It can be ground in a mill or an electric coffee grinder. After it is ground, the spice loses its flavor in a few days.

References 

Spices
The peony or paeony (Paeonia) is the only genus in the flowering plant family Paeoniaceae. They are native to Asia, southern Europe and western North America. It is the national flower of China.

Other websites

Flowers
Saxifragales
Kisean Anderson (born February 3, 1990) better known by his stage name Sean Kingston, is a Jamaican-American reggae singer, songwriter, rapper and record producer. He is best known for his number 1 single "Beautiful Girls". On May 29, 2011, Kingston was seriously injured along with a female passenger in a jet ski accident in Miami, Florida. He was reported to be in critical condition.

Discography

Albums 
 Sean Kingston
 Released: July 31, 2007
 Label: Epic/Beluga Heights
 Chart positions: 6 U.S.
 RIAA certification: Platinum

 Tomorrow
 Released: 2009

Solo singles

Featured singles

Guest appearances

Awards/nominations 
 Image Awards
 2008, Outstanding New Artist (Nominated)
 MOBO Awards
 2007: Best Reggae Acts
 Teen Choice Awards
 2007: Choice R&B Track "Beautiful Girls"
 2007: Choice Summer Track "Beautiful Girls" (nominated)

References

Other websites 
 Official website
 Official UK website 
 
 DJBooth.net Interview 
 Exclusive Music Interview 

Rap musicians from Florida
Jamaican singers
People from Kingston, Jamaica
Singers from Miami, Florida
1990 births
Living people
Funker Vogt is a German aggrotech band, formed by Gerrit Thomas and Jens Kästel in 1995.

Discography

Studio Albums

Thanks for Nothing (1996)
We Came to Kill (1997)
Killing Time Again (1998) (part new material, part remixes)
Execution Tracks (1998)
Maschine Zeit (2000)
T (2000/2001) (contains 4 new tracks and 10 remixes)
Survivor (2002)
Revivor (2003) (remix album)
Navigator (2005)
Aviator (2007)
Blutzoll (2010)

Singles
Words of Power (1997)
Take Care (1997)
Tragic Hero (1998)
Gunman (2000)
Subspace (2001)
Date of Expiration (2002)
Red Queen (2003)
Fallen Hero (2005)

Other websites
Official English site
Official German site 
Funker Vogt dot com (English Fansite) 
Funker Vogt - "We love provocation !" - Interview

German musical groups
Metropolis Records is a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania based record label, distributor, and mail-order store specializing in the electro-industrial, synthpop, futurepop, darkwave, and gothic musical genres.

Artists signed 
Many of the bands on Metropolis are signed to European labels for their European releases while releasing albums in North America through Metropolis.

Among the artists signed are:
 16 Volt
 Accessory
 The A.K.A.s (Are Everywhere!)
 Alphaville
 Amduscia
 And One
 Angels and Agony
 Apoptygma Berzerk
 À Rebours
 Assemblage 23
 backandtotheleft
 Battery Cage
 Bauhaus
 Bella Morte
 Blutengel
 The Birthday Massacre
 Cesium_137
 Claire Voyant
 Cleaner
 Client
 Combichrist
 Covenant
 Das Ich
 Decoded Feedback
 Delaware
 Diary of Dreams
 Dismantled
 Electric Six
 Epoxies
 Excessive Force
 Fictional
 Flesh Field
 Front 242
 Front Line Assembly
 Funker Vogt
 Gary Numan
 Grendel (band)
 Hanzel und Gretyl
 IAMX
 Icon of Coil
 Informatik
 In Strict Confidence
 Imperative Reaction
 Juno Reactor
 KEN
 Kevorkian Death Cycle
 KMFDM
 Lights of Euphoria
 London After Midnight
 Mesh
 Mindless Faith
 Mindless Self Indulgence
 mind.in.a.box
 Moving Units
 PIG
 Psyclon Nine
 Specimen
 Suicide Commando
 System Syn
 Terrorfakt
 TheStart
 VNV Nation
 Velvet Acid Christ
 Wolfsheim
 :Wumpscut:

Other websites 
 Official site

American record labels
Electronic music record labels
Independent record labels
1995 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Pennsylvania
Apoptygma Berzerk is a Norwegian  musical group. They have achieved success with a brand of upbeat and danceable synthpop, winning awards and top-10 spots in Germany and Scandinavia. Apoptygma Berzerk (abbreviated to APB or APOP) has toured Europe, North America, South America and Israel with bands such as VNV Nation, Beborn Beton and Unheilig.

Members

 Stephan Groth (Grothesk) - front-man and original member, largely responsible for the "APB sound"
 Geir Bratland - Keyboard
 Fredrik Brarud - Drums
 Audun Stengel (Angel) - Guitar
 Anders Odden - Guitar (rejoined the band late 2003 after having left it some years before to pursue his own musical projects)
 Jon Erik Martensen - former member 1989-90s & co-writer of some of Harmonizer
 Per Aksel Lundgreen - former member and live keyboardist 1991-1994 & co-writer of "Wrack'em To Pieces" and "Electronic Warfare". Also responsible for the bands booking and promotion from 1991-1994.

Discography

Full-length studio albums and EPs
 The 2nd Manifesto [EP] (1992)
 Soli Deo Gloria (1993)
 7 (1996)
 Mourn [EP] (1997)
 The Apopcalyptic Manifesto (1998)
 Welcome to Earth (2000)
 Harmonizer (2002)
 7 (Remastered) (2002)
 Soli Deo Gloria (Remastered) (2002)
 The Singles Collection (2003)
 Unicorn [EP] (2004)
 You and Me Against the World (2005)
 Black EP (2006)
 Sonic Diary (2006)
 Soli Deo Gloria (Deluxe Edition) (2007)
 7 (Deluxe Edition) (2007)
 The Singles Collection (Deluxe Edition) (2007)
 Welcome to Earth (Deluxe Edition) (2007)
 Harmonizer (Deluxe Edition) (2007)
 Unicorn & The Harmonizer DVD (Deluxe Edition) (2007)
 Rocket Science (2008)
 Black EP Vol. 2 (2011)
 Stop Feeding the Beast (2014)
 Videodrome (2015)
 Xenogenesis (2016)
 Exit Popularity Contest (2016)
 SDGXXV (2019)
 Faceless Fear (B-Sides & Rarities) (2020)
 Disarm (B-Sides & Rarities) (2020)
 Nein Danke! (2020)

Live albums
 APBL98 (1999)
 APBL2000 (2001)
 APBL2000 (Deluxe Edition) (2007)
 APBL2009 Imagine There’s No Lennon (Live-CD and DVD) (2010)

Singles
 Ashes to Ashes 12" (1991)
 Bitch (1993)
 Deep Red (1994)
 Non Stop Violence (1995)
 Paranoia (1998)
 Eclipse (1999)
 Kathy's Song (2000)
 Kathy's Song 12" I. (2000)
 Kathy's Song 12" II. (2000)
 Until the End of the World I. (2002)
 Until the End of the World II. (2002)
 Until the End of the World Vinyl (2002)
 Suffer in Silence (2002)
 Suffer in Silence Trance Remixes (2002)
 Suffer in Silence 12" (2002)
 In This Together (2005)
 Shine On (2006)
 Love to Blame (2006)
 Cambodia (2006)
 Green Queen (2008)
 Apollo (Live on Your TV) (2009)
 Major Tom (2013)
 Deep Red 7" (2019)

DVDs and VHS
 APBL2000 (2001)
 The Harmonizer DVD (2004)
 Imagine There`s no Lennon DVD (2010)

Other websites 
 Apoptygma Berzerk Facebook
 Apoptygma Berzerk Twitter
 Apoptygma Berzerk Myspace
 Apoptygma Berzerk YouTube
 Apoptygma Berzerk Apoptygma Berzerk Web

Futurepop
Electronic music bands
Musical groups established in 1989
Norwegian musical groups
Rock bands
VNV Nation are an electronic music band originally from Wexford and London, now based in Hamburg, that combines elements of trance, synthpop and electronic body music (EBM), into what they call futurepop. Earlier works also include some electro-industrial influences. The members are Ronan Harris and Mark Jackson.

History

Origin of their name
The "VNV" in the name stands for Victory, not Vengeance, in keeping with the group's motto, "One should strive to achieve; not sit in bitter regret."

Discography

Studio Albums
Advance and Follow – (CD Album) 1995 - Energy Rekords
Praise the Fallen – (CD Album) 1998 - Energy Rekords, Off Beat • (CD Album) 1999 - Wax Trax!, TVT Records • (CD Album) 2000 - Metropolis
Empires – (CD Album) 1999 - Metropolis, Energy Rekords, Dependent Records • (CD Album) 2000 - Metropolis
Futureperfect – (CD Album) 2002 - Dependent Records, Metropolis, Energy Rekords
Matter + Form – (CD Album) 2005 - Anachron Sounds, Metropolis, SubSpace Communications
Judgement – (CD Album) 2007 - Anachron Sounds, Metropolis, SubSpace Communications • (CD, Promo, Enhanced) 2007 - Anachron Sounds • (CD, Promo) 2007 - Anachron Sounds, SubSpace Communications

Singles and EPs
Body Pulse – (12") 1990 - no label
Strength of Youth – (12") 1990 - no label
Solitary EP – (CD EP) 1998 - Energy Rekord, Off Beat • (CD EP) 1999 - Dependent Records
Darkangel – (CD Maxi) 1999 - Dependent Records • (AAC File) 1999 - Metropolis
Burning Empires/Standing – (2xCD, Ltd Edition [4700 copies]) 2000 - Dependent Records • (AAC File) 2006 - Metropolis
Advance and Follow (v2) – (CD Album, Remastered, Reissue) 2001 - Dependent Records • (AAC File) 2006 - Metropolis
Cold – (Rated 'R' Mix by Mig-29) – (MP3 File) 2001 - no label
Standing – (CD Maxi) 2000 - Metropolis, Dependent Records
Genesis (Radio Edition) (CD Maxi, Ltd. Edition, Promo) 2001 - Dependent Records
Genesis.0 – (CD Maxi, Promo) 2001 - Dependent Records
Genesis.1 – (CD Maxi) 2001 - Dependent Records, Metropolis
Genesis.2 – (CD Maxi) 2001 - Dependent Records, Metropolis
Beloved – (CD Maxi, Promo) 2002 - Dependent Records
Beloved (Hiver and Hammer Mixes) – (12") 2002 - 3 Lanka
Beloved.1 – (CD Maxi) 2002 - Dependent Records • (AAC File) 2006 - Metropolis
Beloved.2 – (CD Maxi) 2002 - Dependent Records • (AAC File) 2006 - Metropolis
Honour 2003 – (CD Maxi, Enhanced) 2003 - Anachron Sounds • (AAC File) 2003 - Metropolis
Pastperfect – (2xDVD + CD-ROM Special Edition) 2004 - Anachron Sounds, Metropolis • (2xDVD) 2004 - Anachron Sounds
Chrome/Matter + Form – (CD, Promo) 2005 - Anachron Sounds
Chrome – (MP3 File) 2005 - Anachron Sounds, Metropolis, SubSpace Communications • (CDr, Promo) 2005 - SubSpace Communications

References

Futurepop
Synth-pop is a subgenre of pop music in which the synthesizer is the main musical instrument. An electronic music genre, synthpop is additionally influenced by rock genres such as New Wave music and punk rock, as well as disco  music. It is most closely associated with the era between the late 1970s and early to middle 1980s, although it has continued to exist and develop ever since.

Electronic music
Synth-pop

id:Synthpop
Futurepop is a type of electronic dance music which uses influences from the genre synthpop (like song structure and vocal style), uplifting trance (grandiose and arpeggiated synthesizer melodies), and EBM. The name was created by Ronan Harris (of VNV Nation) and Stephan Groth (of Apoptygma Berzerk) while trying to describe the style of music their bands produced.

References 

Futurepop
Synth-pop
Electronic dance music
Blutengel () are a German futurepop musical group with a gothic appearance. Blutengel was formed in 1998 by singer Chris Pohl (also of the groups Terminal Choice, Tumor, and Miss Construction and the owner of the Fear Section label) after he had decided to give up the preceding project, Seelenkrank (which had released two albums), due to contractual problems. The lyrics are written primarily in German and English and are presented with male and female vocals.

Discography

Albums 
 1999: Child of Glass(Album)|Child of Glass
 2001: Seelenschmerz
 2002: Angel Dust
 2004: Demon Kiss
 2007: Labyrinth
 2009: Schwarzes Eis
 2011: Tränenherz
 2013: Monument

Seelenschmerz, Angel Dust, Demon Kiss and Labyrinth come with a hard-box limited edition including a bonus CD and exclusive booklet, sticker and post cards.
Tränenherz also came as a limited edition boxset which included, "Tränenherz" Deluxe Edition Digi 2CD, "Signs of the zodiac" Bonus CD and a 100 pages photo book,

EPS 
 2005: The Oxidising Angel EP
 2009: Soultaker
 2011: Nachtbringer

DVDs 
 2005: Live Lines
 2008: Moments Of Our Lives
 2012: Tränenherz Live

Singles 
 2001: Bloody Pleasures
 2001: Black Roses
 2002: Vampire Romance
 2003: Forever
 2004: Mein Babylon (Stendal Blast & Blutengel)
 2004: No Eternity
 2006: My Saviour
 2007: Lucifer (Purgatory)
 2007: Lucifer (Blaze)
 2008: Winter Of My Life (Download Single)
 2008: Dancing In The Light (Forsaken)
 2008: Dancing In The Light (Solitary)
 2010: Promised Land
 2010: Reich mir die Hand
 2011: Über Den Horizont
 2012: Save Our Souls
 2013: You Walk Away
 2013: Kinder dieser Stadt

Other websites
 Official Website
 Official Facebook
 Official YouTube

1990s music groups
2000s music groups
Futurepop
The Host is a 2008 science-fiction/romance book by Stephenie Meyer. A movie based on the book is currently in development.

Story 
Melanie Stryder refuses to fade away. The earth has been invaded by a species that takes over the minds of their human hosts while leaving their bodies intact, and most of humanity has succumbed.

Wanderer, the invading ‘soul’ who has been given Melanie’s body, knew about the challenges of living inside a human: the overwhelming emotions, the too-vivid memories. But there was one difficulty Wanderer didn’t expect: the former tenant of her body refusing to relinquish possession of her mind.

Melanie fills Wanderer’s thoughts with visions of the man Melanie loves – Jared, a human who still lives in hiding. Unable to separate herself from her body’s desires, Wanderer yearns for a man she’s never met. As outside forces make Wanderer and Melanie unwilling allies, they set off to search for the man they both love.

Characters 
The characters in the book include:
 Wanderer (Wanda) - An alien "soul" who is placed in the body of Melanie Stryder.
 Melanie Stryder - Wanderer's strong-minded host.
 Jared Howe - Melanie's true love.
 Ian O'Shea - A surviving human who falls in love with Wanderer.
 Jeb - Melanie's uncle, who owns the caverns that hide the human rebels. He is generally good-natured and relaxed, but is really a very perceptive man.
 Jamie - Melanie's younger brother who also develops a friendly relationship with Wanda.
 Kyle O'Shea - Ian O'Shea's brother who tries to murder Wanda several times during the novel
 Doc - the doctor who is among the rebel humans who is very compassionate and caring. His real name is Eustace

References 

2008 books
Science fiction books
Pearl "Polly" Adler (April 16, 1900  July 11, 1962) was a Russian-born madam (owner-manager of a brothel) of Jewish descent. Adler was born in Ivanava (nowadays Belarus).

Biography 
She opened her first bordello in 1920, under the protection of mobster Dutch Schultz and a friend of mobster Charles "Lucky" Luciano. One building she used was The Majestic at 215 West 75th Street, designed by architects Schwartz and Gross and completed in 1924 with hidden stairways and secret doorways. Her brothel there boasted such patrons as Robert Benchley, New York City mayor Jimmy Walker, and Dutch Schultz. 

A House is Not a Home was a 1953 book of Polly Adler's life that was ghosted (written anonymously) by Virginia Faulkner.  The 1989 Perry Mason TV-movie Musical Murder revolved around a faux-musical based on Adler.

References 

1900 births
1962 deaths
American sex industry businesspeople
Belarusian Jews
Brothel owners and madams
Jewish American criminals
Jewish American writers
Jewish sex industry people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
The Premier of New South Wales is the leader of the New South Wales government. He or she is the most powerful politician in the Australian state of New South Wales.

The current Premier is Dominic Perrottet from the Liberal Party.

List of Premiers of New South Wales

* Askin's given name was Robin but he changed it legally to Robert in 1971, prior to being knighted in 1972. Before then, he was generally known as Bob.
is a motocross racing video game series made by Nintendo. It first appeared as a game for the Famicom in Japan in 1984 for a price of 5000 yen. It is the first game in the Excite series. The second game in the series is Excitebike 64 and the third is Excite Truck.

In 2011, a re-release of Excitebike called 3D Classics: Excitebike was released for the Nintendo 3DS. It is a 3D version of the original game.

Other websites
Excitebike at StrategyWiki

1984 video games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Virtual Console games
Famicom Disk System games
The houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata), also known as the African houbara, is a large bird in the bustard family. It breeds in the Canary Islands, North Africa, Iran and western Pakistan. 

Birds of Pakistan
Gruiformes
The Sindh Ibex or Turkman Wild Goat (Capra aegagrus blythi) is a vulnerable wild goat native to Iran, Iraq, Turkmenistan Pakistan within Pakistan it is the Provincial animal of Sindh.

Mammals of Pakistan
Juniperus squamata (flaky juniper or Himalayan juniper) is a species of juniper native to the Himalaya and China, from northeastern Afghanistan and Pakistan east to Yunnan in southwestern China, and with disjunct populations north to western Gansu and east to Fujian. 

It grows at 1,600-4,900 m altitude.  It is the provincial tree of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (unofficial).

Plants of Asia