cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The first impeachment of Donald Trump, the 45th President of the United States, began on September 24, 2019, after a whistleblower alleged that Trump had pressured foreign leaders. The scandal was about Trump telling Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to investigate Hunter Biden and his father Joe Biden, a former vice-president and a candidate for the 2020 presidential election. It ended on February 5, 2020.

House trial
The inquiry stage of Trump's impeachment lasted from September to November 2019. In October 2019, three Congressional committees (Intelligence, Oversight, and Foreign Affairs) deposed witnesses.

In November 2019, the House Intelligence Committee held a number of public hearings in which witnesses testified publicly. On December 3, the House Intelligence Committee voted 13–9 along party lines to adopt a final report.

A set of impeachment hearings before the Judiciary Committee began on December 4, 2019. On December 13, the House Judiciary Committee voted 23–17 along party lines to recommend two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. The Judiciary Committee also released a report on the articles of impeachment on December 16.

The first hearing, held on December 4, 2019, was an academic discussion on the definition of an impeachable offense. The witnesses invited by Democrats were law professors Noah Feldman from Harvard, Pamela S. Karlan from Stanford, and Michael Gerhardt from the University of North Carolina. Republicans invited Jonathan Turley, a constitutional scholar at George Washington University.

On December 18, the full House approved the articles of impeachment, making Trump the third president in U.S. history to be impeached.

House vote

Senate trial

On January 10, 2020, Speaker Nancy Pelosi announced that she had "asked Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerry Nadler to be prepared to bring to the Floor next week a resolution to appoint managers and transmit articles of impeachment to the Senate".

At the end of the January 21 session, the Senate voted along party lines to pass Mitch McConnell's proposed trial rules and reject 11 amendments proposed by Democrats. The prosecution's opening arguments and presentation of evidence took place between January 22–24. Trump's defense presentation began on January 25. The primary arguments were a lack of direct evidence of wrongdoing, and that Democrats were attempting to use the impeachment to steal the 2020 election. Under the U.S. Constitution, a two-thirds majority of the Senate is required to convict the president.

Verdict
On February 5, 2020 the Senate acquitted Trump on both count. The votes were 52-48 to acquit on the first count and 53-47 to acquit on the second count.

Public approval polling

Related pages
 Second impeachment of Donald Trump

Notes

References

December 2019 events
January 2020 events
February 2020 events
2019 in the United States
Donald Trump
Le Chenit is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the Vallée de Joux.

References

Further reading

Other websites 

 Official website of the municipality of Le Chenit 
 Official website of the village of Le Brassus 
 Aerial views von Le Sentier
 Aerial views von Le Brassus
 Aerial views von L’Orient
 Vallée de Joux 

Municipalities of Vaud
Thomas Joseph Polanic (April 2, 1943 – September 22, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He was born in Toronto. Polanic played 19 games in the National Hockey League for the Minnesota North Stars between 1965 through 1977. He was born in Toronto.

Polanic died on September 22, 2019 in Toronto at the age of 76.

References

1943 births
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
2019 deaths
Minnesota North Stars players
Sportspeople from Toronto
Eastern Hockey League players
Robert C. Hunter (June 23, 1941 – September 23, 2019) was an American lyricist, singer-songwriter, guitarist, translator, and poet. He was best known for his work with the Grateful Dead.

Over the years Hunter wrote lyrics to a number of the band's signature pieces, including "Dark Star", "Ripple", "Truckin'", "China Cat Sunflower", and "Terrapin Station". Hunter was added into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with the Grateful Dead in 1994.

Hunter died on September 23, 2019 at his home in San Rafael, California at the age of 78. He was recovering from surgery at the time of his death.

References

1941 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
American poets
American singer-songwriters
Lyricists
American translators
American rock singers
American rock guitarists
American blues singers
American blues musicians
American country singers
Country musicians from California
American folk singers
American folk musicians
Singer-songwriters from California
Musicians from California
Arroyo Grande is a city in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States.  The population was 17,908 as of 2014.

References

Cities in California
Settlements in San Luis Obispo County, California
Artūras Rimkevičius (14 April 1983 – 23 September 2019) was a Lithuanian footballer. He played as a striker. He was born in Kaunas.

Rimkevičius played for FK Tauras Tauragė, FBK Kaunas, FK Liepājas Metalurgs, FK Silute, FK Šiauliai, FK Bekentas, Atlantis FC. and Asteras Tripoli F.C.. He made his international debut against Latvia in June 2010, scoring three times for his country in seven caps, one against Estonia and two against Armenia.

Rimkevičius shot himself at his Kaunas apartment on 23 September 2019, aged 36.

References

1983 births
2019 deaths
Lithuanian sportspeople
Suicides by firearm
Footballers
People from Kaunas
Donald Leonard Tucker (July 23, 1935 – September 24, 2019) was an American politician. He was born in Tallahassee, Florida. He was a member of the Florida House of Representatives between 1966 through 1978 and between 1975 through 1978, he was Speaker of the House. Tucker was a member of the Democratic Party.

Tucker died on September 24, 2019 at his Tallahassee home of cancer at the age of 84.

References

1935 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in Florida
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Florida
People from Tallahassee, Florida
US Democratic Party politicians
Onnens is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 Aerial views on Onnens
 

Municipalities of Vaud
Thomas Terrell Sessums (June 11, 1930 – June 6, 2020) was an American politician. He was born in Daytona Beach, Florida. Sessums was the Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives from 1972 to 1974. Sessums was a member of the state house from 1963 through 1972. He is a member of the Democratic Party. From 1979 through 1988, he was Chair of the Florida Board of Regents.

Sessums died on June 6, 2020 in Tampa, Florida at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
 T. Terrell Sessums Collection at the University of South Florida
 Sessums Mall at the University of South Florida
 Sessums Elementary School
 Neva S. Sessums obituary

1930 births
2020 deaths
Lawyers from Florida
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Florida
US Democratic Party politicians
People from Daytona Beach, Florida
Richard Andrew Pettigrew (born June 10, 1930) is an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Pettigrew was born in Charleston, West Virginia. He was in the Florida House of Representatives for the 97th district from 1963 to 1972. From 1971 to 1972, he was Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives.

References

Living people
1930 births
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Tampa, Florida
Politicians from West Virginia
People from Charleston, West Virginia
US Democratic Party politicians
Ralph Donald Turlington, Sr. (October 5, 1920 – May 14, 2021) was an American politician. He was born in Gainesville, Florida. Turlington was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the Florida House of Representatives between 1950 through 1975. Between 1967 through 1969, he was the Speaker of the State House.

Turlington died on May 14, 2021 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina at the age of 100.

References

1920 births
2021 deaths
American centenarians
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Florida
US Democratic Party politicians
Le Lieu is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is found in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the Vallée de Joux.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of the municipality of Le Lieu 
 
 
 Aerial views of Le Lieu
 Aerial views of Les Charbonnières
 Aerial views of Le Séchey
 Vallée de Joux 

Municipalities of Vaud
Premier is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Alfred Pleasonton (July 7, 1824 – February 17, 1897) was a United States Army officer and major general of volunteers in the Union cavalry. This was during the American Civil War. He led the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac during the Gettysburg Campaign. This would also include the biggest cavalry battle of the war, Brandy Station.

Early life
Pleasonton was born in Washington, D.C., on July 7, 1824.

References

Other wesbites

1824 births
1897 deaths
American Civil War generals
People from Washington, D.C.
Villars-Epeney is a municipality in the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 Profile 
 

Municipalities of Vaud
The Meskwaki (sometimes spelled Mesquaki) are a Native American people. They are often called the Fox tribe. They are related to the Sauk people of the same language family. In the Meskwaki language, the Meskwaki call themselves . This means "the Red-Earths". This is related to their creation story. Historically they lived in the Great Lakes region.

References

Native American people
The Wea were a Miami-Illinois-speaking Native American tribe. They were in western Indiana. They were related to the Miami Tribe. The name Wea is used today as the a shortened version of their many recorded names. The Wea name for themselves in their own language is waayaahtanwa. This came from waayaahtanonki, 'place of the whirlpool', where they were first recorded being seen and where they were living at that time.

References

Native American people
The Peoria (or Peouaroua) are a Native American people. They are in the federally recognized Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. Historically, they were part of the Illinois Confederation.

Traditionally, the Peoria spoke a dialect of the Miami-Illinois language. The name "Peoria" comes from their autonym (name for themselves) in the Illinois language, peewaareewa (modern pronunciation peewaalia). It first meant "Comes carrying a pack on his back." No speakers of the Peoria language are alive.

References

Other websites
Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, official website
Tribes of the Illinois/Missouri Region at First Contact (1673)
The Tribes of The Illinois Confederacy
Inoca Ethnohistory Project: Eye Witness Descriptions of the Contact Generation, 1667–1700
 Peoria Historical Society at Google Cultural Institute

Native American people
Prahins is a former municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The former municipality of Prahins merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Donneloye.

References 

2010s disestablishments in Switzerland
2012 disestablishments in Europe
Former municipalities of Vaud
The Boone's Lick Road or Boonslick Trail was an early 1800s transportation route. It went from eastern to central Missouri in the United States. It went east-west on the North side. It went along the Missouri River. The trail started in the river port of St. Charles. The trail was important in the westward expansion of the United States and the development of Missouri becoming a state. The trail ended at Franklin. Franklin was the start of the better-known Santa Fe Trail. First mapped by the sons of Daniel Boone, the path ended at a salt lick in Howard County used by the pair to manufacture salt. Today the lick is maintained as Boone's Lick State Historic Site. 

Towns created along the trail include Franklin, Smithton, Columbia, Fulton, Williamsburg, and Warrenton and others.

References

Other websites
Boone's Lick Road Association
Boonslick Historical Society

Missouri
Lignerolle is a municipality of the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Vaud
Mathod is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois, in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Molondin is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
The Pottawatomi , also spelled Pottawatomie and Potawatomi (among many variations), are a Native American people of the Great Plains, upper Mississippi River, and western Great Lakes region. They traditionally speak the Potawatomi language. That language is part of the Algonquian family. The Potawatomi called themselves Neshnabé, a cognate of the word Anishinaabe. The Potawatomi are part of a long-term friendship, called the Council of Three Fires, with the Ojibwe and Odawa (Ottawa).

References

Other websites

 
 Hannahville Indian Community; Wilson, MI
 Citizen Potawatomi Nation, official website
 First Nations Compact Histories: Potawatomi History
 Forest County Potawatomi
 Kettle & Stony Point First Nation
 Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi (Gun Lake)
 Moose Deer Point First Nation 
 Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi
 Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians
 Potawatomi Author Larry Mitchell
 Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation
 Treaties with the Potawatomi
 Treaty Between the Ottawa, Chippewa, Wyandot, and Potawatomi Indians
 Potawatomi Migration from Wisconsin and Michigan to Canada

Native American people
Montagny-près-Yverdon is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Montagny-près-Yverdon website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Montcherand is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Vaud
The Arapaho (; , ) are a tribe of Native Americans. They used to live on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close friends of the Cheyenne tribe. They were barely friends with the Lakota and Dakota.

History

Early history
Around 3,000 years ago, the ancestors of the Arapaho-speaking people (Heeteinono'eino) lived in the western Great Lakes region. They lived there along the Red River Valley. This would be in what is present-day Manitoba, Canada and Minnesota, United States. The Arapaho were an agricultural people. They grew crops, including maize.

Language
The Arapaho language is currently spoken in two different dialects. It is considered to be a part the Algonquian language family. There are only about 250 fluent speakers of Northern Arapaho. Most of them live on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming. There are even fewer fluent Southern Arapaho speakers. All of them are very old.

References

Other websites

Native American people
Novalles is a municipality of the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Vaud
The Treaty of Fort Wise of  1861 was a treaty signed between the United States and six chiefs of the Southern Cheyenne and four of the Southern Arapaho Indian tribes. Many Cheyenne people hated this treaty because only a minority of Cheyenne chiefs had signed. They were also angry because those chiefs signed asking the rest of the tribe what they wanted. Different responses to the treaty were a reason why there was conflict between whites and Indians. This led to the Colorado War of 1864, including the Sand Creek Massacre.

Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)
The 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie between the United States and various tribes including the Cheyenne and Arapaho says that the Cheyenne and Arapaho were supposed to have a very big amount of territory in the area between the North Platte River and Arkansas River and eastward from the Rocky Mountains to western Kansas. This area included present-day southeastern Wyoming, southwestern Nebraska, most of eastern Colorado, and the westernmost parts of Kansas.  However, in November 1858, people found gold in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado (then part of the western Kansas Territory). This created a gold rush. A lot of white people went across Cheyenne and Arapaho lands. Colorado territory officials asked federal authorities to change the size of Indians lands in the treaty. In Fall 1860, A.B. Greenwood, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, came to Bent's New Fort along the Arkansas River to make a new treaty.

Treaty of Fort Wise (1861)
On February 18, 1861, six chiefs of the Southern Cheyenne and four of the Arapaho signed the Treaty of Fort Wise with the United States. This was at Bent's New Fort at Big Timbers. This was near what is now Lamar, Colorado. Lamar had been recently leased by the U.S. Government, and the name changed to Fort Wise. The Native Americans gave most of the lands given to them by the Fort Laramie treaty to the United States.

References

1861 in the United States
On Friday, October 2, 1970 at 1:14 p.m. MDT in Colorado a chartered Martin 4-0-4 airliner crashed into a mountain eight miles (13 km) west of Silver Plume. It happened in clear weather. The twin-engined propliner carried 37 passengers and a crew of three; 29 were killed at the scene and two later died of their injuries while under medical care. It was operated by Golden Eagle Aviation.

It was one of two aircraft carrying the Wichita State University football team to Logan, Utah. They were going to Utah for a game against Utah State University. The other plane flew a normal route and arrived safely in Utah. Pilot errors, including bad in-flight choices and bad pre-flight planning, were officially reported as what caused the crash.

References

Other websites
NTSB Aircraft Accident Report, SA-421, File No. 3-1127    (alternate link 1, alternate link 2)
Memorial '70 Homepage  – includes survivor recollections, photos of victims
Super70s article about the crash – includes narrative on circumstances leading up to the flight, and lists names of those on board
Roadside memorial adjacent to I-70 near Colorado crash site
Present-day photos of crash site on Mount Trelease – includes directions for visiting the site, and GPS coordinates
1960s photo of the accident aircraft in Mohawk Airlines livery 
Wichita State University Football Team Airplane Crash Collection – archives related to crash

Aviation disasters in the 1970s
1970 in the United States
football team plane crash
20th century in Colorado
Aviation disasters in the United States
Orges is a municipality of the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Vugelles-La Mothe is a municipality of the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
ALIWEB (Archie Like Indexing for the Web) is considered the first search engine, as it was the first that allowed you to search for web pages. It was announced in November 1993. by the website maker Martijn Koster, and shown in May 1994.

References

Websites
Search engines
The 1911 Kansas vs. Missouri football game was a college football game between the University of Kansas and the University of Missouri. It was played on November 25, 1911 at Rollins Field in Columbia, Missouri. It is considered to be the first college football homecoming game ever played.

References

College football
The 1890 Kansas vs. Baker football game was an American college football game. It was between the  team of the University of Kansas and the  team of Baker University. It was played on November 22, 1890 in Baldwin City, Kansas. The game ended with Baker winning 22–9.  It was the first college football game played in the state of Kansas.

References

College football
The 1905 Cooper vs. Fairmount football game was a college football game. It was between Cooper College (now the Sterling College) and  (now Wichita State University). It was played on October 6, 1905, at Association Field in Wichita. The game was played at night under gas lamps as a demonstration by the Coleman Company. It was the first night football game played west of the Mississippi River. Fairmount won by a score of 24–0.

References

College football
The 1939 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1939 college football season. The Wildcats finished the season with a 4–5 record with a 1–4 record in conference play. The Wildcats scored 107 points and gave up 108 points.

Schedule

Homecoming game against Nebraska
Kansas State played  the Nebraska Cornhuskers on October 28, 1939. This game was the first college football homecoming game ever shown on television. It was also the second ever televised college football game and the first televised game west of New York City.

Kansas State scored first with a field goal. Two minutes later Nebraska took the lead. Nebraska won the game 25–9.

Nebraska entered the game a 12–5 favorite. The matchup was considered to be important to the outcome of the Big Six Conference championship.  Nebraska ended the game as one of ten college teams in the nation that were unbeaten up to that point.

References

College football
Asma Fawaz al-Assad (, Levantine pronunciation: ; , : ; born 11 August 1975) is the First Lady of Syria since 2000.

She was born and raised in London to Syrian parents. She is married to the 19th and current President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad.

References

1975 births
British businesspeople
British people
First Ladies
Living people
People from Damascus
People from London
Syrian people
Syrian politicians
Black Sunday refers to a very bad dust storm that happened on April 14, 1935. The storm happened as part of the Dust Bowl. It was one of the worst dust storms in American history. It caused a lot of economic and agricultural damage. It is estimated to have moved 300 million tons of topsoil from the prairie area in the US.

References

Disasters in the 20th century
1935 in the United States
Natural disasters in the United States
Texas
The Hôpital Sainte-Périne - Rossini - Chardon-Lagache is a well-known hospital in Paris. It was created in 1807. It is a partner of Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines.

References

Further reading 
   Hôpital Sainte-Périne - Rossini - Chardon-Lagache

19th-century establishments in France
1800s establishments in Europe
1807 establishments
Hospitals in France
Buildings and structures in Paris
The windshield (North American English) or windscreen (Commonwealth English) is the front window of a vehicle. It lets drivers see out while at the same time protecting passengers and the driver from weather. Aircraft, cars, buses, motorbikes or trams can all have windshields. 

Windshields on cars and aircraft are designed to protect the vehicle against wind and flying debris (such as dust, rocks, and insects). Windshields on motorbikes are designed to shield the driver from wind, though it doesn't protect as much as other vehicle windshields do.

Modern windshields are generally made of laminated safety glass, a type of treated glass. The laminated safety glass used for vehicles is made of two curved sheets of glass with a plastic layer between them. This laminated safety glass is then joined into the window frame. 

Motorbike windshields are different to the ones found on cars or aircraft. Motorbike windshields are often made of high-impact polycarbonate or acrylic plastic.

History

Before laminated safety glass, vehicles used ordinary window glass as a windshield. However, ordinary window glass can shatter if the vehicle had a massive physical impact, which would produce flying sharp pieces of glass that can injure people. On 1917, Henry Ford developed the laminated safety glass from the French, which would help prevent broken glass from shattering. Modern windshields were developed from Ford's developments.

Other websites

Vehicles
Windows (architecture)
In the classification of the archaeological cultures of North America, the Archaic period or "Meso-Indian period" in North America, starts from about 8000 BC, and it ends at about 1000 BC. In the sequence of North American pre-Columbian cultural stages, is a period defined by the archaic stage of cultural development.  
The Archaic stage is characterized by subsistence economies. These economies were supported through the use of nuts, seeds, and shellfish. Because it ended when people started using sedentary farming, this date can be different by a lot across the Americas.

The rest of the Americas also have an Archaic Period.

Classifications
This classification system was first proposed by Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips in the widely accepted 1958 book Method and Theory in American Archaeology.
 
In the organization of the system, the Archaic period is after the Lithic stage. THe Archaic period is before the Formative stage.
 The Lithic stage
 The Archaic stage
 The Formative stage
 The Classic stage
 The Post-Classic stage

References

More Reading

History of North America
Thatching is building a roof with dry vegetation such as straw, reeds, sedge (Cladium mariscus), rushes, heather, or palm branches. The vegetation is put on top of each other so as to make sure water stays away from the inner roof.

Architecture
Construction
Natural materials
Orzens is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Provence is a municipality in Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Rances is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Villars-sous-Champvent was a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The former municipalities of Essert-sous-Champvent and Villars-sous-Champvent merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Champvent.

References 

2010s disestablishments in Switzerland
2012 disestablishments in Europe
Former municipalities of Vaud
Sainte-Croix is a municipality in Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Suscévaz is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Treycovagnes is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Tony Xia () is a Chinese businessman and the current chairman of English football team, Aston Villa F.C.
Tony is 48 years old

1976 births
Living people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Ursins is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Valeyres-sous-Rances is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Lyle E. Yost (March 5, 1913 – April 5, 2012) was an American agriculture equipment manufacturer and inventor.

Yost was the designer and inventor of the 1947 unloading auger, the catalyst for the development of Hesston Manufacturing in Hesston, Kansas. The device was used to unload grain from farm combines.  The company's controlling stake was sold to Italian corporation Fiat Trattori in 1977. Fiat Trattori bought the rest of Hesston Manufacturing in 1987.  In 1991, a year after being created, AGCO Corporation bought the rights to Hesston Manufacturing.

Yost's success in the agriculture industry led to multiple awards and accolades. This included articles of his success in Fortune and Forbes.

References

Other websites
 
 Uncovering the Hesston Story: Lyle Yost AGCO official website and blog

1913 births
2012 deaths
AGCO Corporation is an American agricultural equipment manufacturer. Their headquarters are in Duluth, Georgia, United States.

History

AGCO was created in 1990 when executives at Deutz-Allis bought out Deutz-Allis North American operations from the parent corporation KHD (Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz). KHD was a German company that owned the Deutz-Fahr brand of agriculture equipment. KHD had bought parts of the Allis-Chalmers agricultural equipment business five years earlier.

In March 1991, AGCO bought the Hesston Corporation. Because of this, they gained hay and forage equipment as well as technologies such as the grain auger (used to unload grain quickly from combines), invented in 1947 by Lyle Yost. Hesston had a 50 percent joint venture with Case International, now a part of CNH Global. AGCO bought the White Tractor line from the Allied Corporation's White-New Idea company. In 1993, AGCO bought the rest of White-New Idea, gaining New Idea hay equipment and manure spreaders, and White planters. White New Idea had a big manufacturing plant in Coldwater, Ohio, USA.

In 2013, AGCO’s GSI acquired Johnson System, a manufacturer of catwalks and towers. 

In 2017, AGCO acquired Precision Planting, LLC, a planting equipment and technology business.

References

Other websites
 
 AGCO (official website)
 AGCO SEC Filings

Companies based in Georgia (U.S. state)
Manufacturing companies
1990 establishments in the United States
Valeyres-sous-Ursins is a municipality in Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Vallorbe is a municipality in Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Vaulion is a municipality of the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Vaud
Vuiteboeuf is a municipality in Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 Aerial views
 

Municipalities of Vaud
Yvonand is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official municipality website 
 Municipality Information 
 
Geography and History of Yvonand
 Aerial photographs of the village
 VD8 Campsite

Municipalities of Vaud
Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne is a municipality in Lausanne in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is a suburb of Lausanne.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Epalinges is a municipality of the district of Lausanne in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

It is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  

Municipalities of Vaud
Jouxtens-Mézery is a municipality in Lausanne in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

It is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  

Municipalities of Vaud
Le Mont-sur-Lausanne is a municipality in Lausanne in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

It is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.

References

Other websites 

 Official Homepage 

Municipalities of Vaud
Romanel-sur-Lausanne is a municipality of the district Lausanne in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

It is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.

References

Other websites 

 Official Homepage 

Municipalities of Vaud
The 1951 Central Missouri State vs. Southwestern football game was a college football game between the Central Missouri State Mules and the Southwestern Moundbuilders. It was played on September 14, 1951. The game was played at Sonner Stadium in Winfield, Kansas. The game is known for a team rejecting a touchdown awarded by the game officials.

Central Missouri's head coach Tate C. Page called it "the finest act of sportsmanship" that he ever saw. In the third quarter, Southwestern halfback Arthur Johnson completed a long run down the sidelines nearest Southwestern's bench. The referee signaled a touchdown. The crowd of 2,000 cheered.

Southwestern's head coach Harold Hunt ran out on the field to shout, "Southwestern rejects the touchdown!" He then told the officials that Johnson had stepped out of bounds. This would undo the touchdown. None of the referees had seen this happen, but they agreed to undo the touchdown. They put the ball back to the place where Coach Hunt said Johnson had stepped out. A photo of the run later showed Coach Hunt was correct. It was published in the Winfield Daily Courier.

Referee W. P. Astle noted that there had been only three officials at the game instead of the regulation four.  He later said, "If the fourth official had been present to cover what was impossible for me to cover ... I would never have discovered the ‘biggest’ man I ever met."

Southwestern's Coach Hunt was nominated for "Football's Man of the Year" by This Week magazine. This was because he showed so much sportsmanship.

References

College football
The Southwestern Moundbuilders are the athletic teams that represent Southwestern College in Winfield, Kansas. They are part of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). They compete in the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference (KCAC).

Accomplishments
The school boasts the following accomplishments:
 143 KCAC Championships in 10 different sports since 1960
 15 NAIA All-America Scholar-Athletes in 2005–06
 SC finished 77th out of nearly 300 NAIA institutions in the United States Sports Academy Directors Cup for all sports in 2006.
 Seven KCAC Championships this past year in Softball, Men's Golf, Men's and Women's Track, Men's Basketball, and Men's and Women's Cross Country.
 NAIA Region IV titles in Men's Cross Country, Men's and Women's Golf to advance to NAIA National competition.
 Men's Basketball won the KCAC Post-Season tournament and advanced to the National Tournament.
 Women's Track and Men's Track each had National Champions in 2004.
 An SC student-athlete was featured in Sports Illustrated's "Faces in the Crowd" in 2006.
 Women's Tennis and Women's Cross Country were NAIA Region IV runners-up in 2005–06.
 In excess of 170 NAIA All-America Scholar Athletes since 1981, an honor requiring a 3.5 GPA.
 Women's Basketball advanced to the "Sweet 16" of the 2004 NAIA National Tournament.
 Conference champions in football in 1997, 1998, 1999.
 Men's and Women's soccer teams advanced to the semi-finals in the 2003 KCAC Post-Season tournament.

References

Sports organizations of the United States
The 1905 Washburn vs. Fairmount football game was a college football game between Fairmount College (now called Wichita State University) and the Washburn Ichabods. It was played on December 25, 1905, in Wichita, Kansas. It was the first experiment with the forward pass. It was also the first experiment with the ten-yard requirement for first downs. It is unclear if the game was considered "regular season", "post season", or "exhibition" in classification.

Game play
Fairmount college was coached by Willis Bates. The head coach for Washburn that season was John H. Outland. However, since he was officiating, it is likely that the coaching job was given to assistant coach (and next year's head coach) Garfield Weede. The game ended in a 0–0 tie.

The weather for the game were good, but neither side was able to get close to the other team's goal except by a punt. Only seven first downs were made the entire game—four by Washburn and three by Fairmount. Most of the game was played in the middle of the field. The fans were upset.

New rule test

Safer but not "conducive"
Both teams had played a previous game that same season. What made this second game different was that it was a test of a different way to play. During the game, each team's offense was required to gain ten yards in three downs instead of four to earn a new first down.

The experiment was considered a failure. Football legend John H. Outland officiated the game and said, "It seems to me that the distance required in three downs would almost eliminate touchdowns, except through fakes or flukes."  The Los Angeles Times said that there was much kicking and that the game was considered much safer than regular play, but that the new rule was not "conducive to the sport."

Impact
Three days later, 62 schools met in New York City to discuss rule changes to make the game safer. As a result of that meeting, the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States, later named the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), was created. Several other rule changes were made to make the game safer for players, including the addition of the forward pass.

First forward pass

In his history of the sport of football, David M. Nelson said that "the first forward passes were thrown at the end of the 1905 season in a game between Fairmount and Washburn colleges in Kansas."  Nelson says that Washburn did three passes, and Fairmount did two. Credit for the first pass goes to Fairmount's Bill Davis, who did a pass to Art Solter.

References

College football
The Independence Producers were a minor league baseball team based in Independence, Kansas, United States. They played from 1921 to 1925 and from 1928 to 1932. From 1921 to 1924, they played in the Southwestern League, and in 1925 they played in the Western Association. They played in the Western Association from 1928 to 1932 as well. The 1921 Producers were recognized as one of the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time. Perhaps their most notable alumnus was Cy Blanton. Glenn Wright, another notable Producer, made an unassisted triple play when playing Major League Baseball in 1925.

History
A historical marker says that the first night game in organized baseball was played in Independence on April 28, 1930, between the Independence Producers and the Muskogee Chiefs.

References

Baseball
Gossens was a municipality in Yverdon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It became part of neighbouring Donneloye on 1 January 2008.

It is on the main road between Yverdon and Moudon. The economy is mostly agricultural.

References 

2000s disestablishments in Switzerland
2008 disestablishments in Europe
Former municipalities of Vaud
Villages in Vaud
Mézery-près-Donneloye was a municipality in Yverdon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2008 it joined together with Donneloye and Gossens to become one municipality called Donneloye.

References 

2000s disestablishments in Switzerland
2008 disestablishments in Europe
Former municipalities of Vaud
Villages in Vaud
Thierrens was a municipality in Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Chanéaz, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges and Thierrens joined together to become one new municipality called Montanaire.

References 

2013 disestablishments in Switzerland
Former municipalities of Vaud
Montilliez is a municipality in Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011 the former municipalities of Dommartin, Naz, Poliez-le-Grand and Sugnens joined together to become one new municipality called Montilliez.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of the municipality of Montilliez 

2011 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Vaud
William Joseph Levada (June 15, 1936 – September 26, 2019) was an American  cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. 

From May 2005 until June 2012, he was Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith under Pope Benedict XVI. He was the Archbishop of Portland (Oregon) from 1986 to 1995, and then Archbishop of San Francisco from 1995 to 2005. 

Levada died on September 26, 2019, in Rome at the age of 83.

References

1936 births
2019 deaths
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
American Roman Catholics
People from San Francisco
People from Portland, Oregon
Julius Vytautas Briedis (27 August 1940 – 22 September 2019) was a Lithuanian rower. He finished fifth and third at the 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics.

Briedis died on 22 September 2019 in Vilnius.

References

1940 births
2019 deaths
Lithuanian sportspeople
Olympic bronze medalists
Rowers
The Topeka Constitutional Convention met from October 23 to Nov 11, 1855 in Topeka, Kansas Territory at Constitution Hall. It wrote the Topeka Constitution that would have made slavery in Kansas illegal. The convention was organized by Free-Staters to go against the pro-slavery Territorial legislature elected March 5, 1855. The territorial legislature was elected in polling that had a lot of electoral fraud and the intimidation of free state settlers.

The Topeka Constitution was the first effort to create a Kansas governmental structure and write its basis in law. Free-State people passed the constitution on December 15, 1855. The constitution was sent to Washington. They really wanted the U.S. Congress to pass it. President Pierce hated the document. It was presented in the Senate by Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan and in the House by Representative Daniel of Indiana. It passed the House by two votes on July 2. However, it was held in committee by the Senate. On July 8, Senator Stephen A. Douglas took up the Topeka Constitution in a bill counter to Senator Cass. Cass sent the issue back to the people of Kansas to follow the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Related pages
Lecompton Constitution
Wyandotte Constitution
Bleeding Kansas

References
 Cutler, William G. (1883). "History of the State of Kansas".

Other websites

 Transcript of PBS documentary

Bleeding Kansas
The Leavenworth Constitution was one of four Kansas state constitutions written during the era of Bleeding Kansas.  The Leavenworth Constitution was written by a convention of Free-Staters. It was the most progressive of the four proposed constitutions. Important parts of this Constitution were a Bill of Rights that referred to "all men" (making no distinction between the rights of white men and black men), making slavery in the state illegal, and a basic framework for the rights of women.

The constitutional convention that wrote the Leavenworth Constitution was provided for by an act of the Territorial Legislature passed in February 1858, while the Lecompton Constitution was being debated in Congress. The constitution was adopted by the convention at Leavenworth April 3, 1858. It was also chosen by the people at an election on May 18, 1858.

The Leavenworth Constitution did not have a big impact on the history of Kansas since the US Senate did not approve of the laws in the document.  The other proposed state constitutions were the Topeka Constitution (1855), the Lecompton Constitution (1857) and the Wyandotte Constitution (1859).

Related pages
Topeka Constitution
Lecompton Constitution
Wyandotte Constitution
Bleeding Kansas

More reading
 Wilder, D.W., "The Annals of Kansas". 1886.
 William G. Cutler, "History of the State of Kansas" 1883

Other websites
 The Kansas Constitution
  The Leavenworth Constitution

Bleeding Kansas
1858
The Mid-continent oil field is a big area that has hundreds of oil fields in Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. The area, which has various geological strata and diverse trap types, was discovered and used during the first half of the 20th century. Most of the crude oil found in the onshore mid-continent oil field is the mixed base or intermediate type (a mix of paraffin base and asphalt base crude oil types).

Other websites
Energy Information Administration (DOE)
U.S. Energy Information Administration (DOE) , "Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production"

Oil fields
The color line, also known as the color barrier, in American baseball stopped players of black African descent from playing Major League Baseball and its affiliated Minor Leagues until 1947 (with a few notable exceptions in the 19th century before the line was firmly established). Racial segregation in professional baseball was sometimes called a gentlemen's agreement. This means an understanding, as there was no written policy at the highest level of organized baseball, the major leagues. There was minor league's vote in 1887 against allowing new contracts with black players within its league. It sent a powerful message that eventually led to blacks not being allowed to play at all.

The color line was broken for good when Jackie Robinson signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers organization for the 1946 season.

Origins

The beginning of segregation followed the baseball season of 1867. On October 16, the Pennsylvania State Convention of Baseball in Harrisburg denied admission to the "colored" Pythian Baseball Club.

References

Other websites
 Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Playing for Keeps: Philadelphia's Pythian Base Ball Club. 

African-American history
History of baseball
The Leavenworth Soldiers was the first professional baseball team from Leavenworth, Kansas. The club played in the Western League from 1886 to 1888. Their first year, they tied the Lincoln Tree Planters for last place at 31-49. In 1887, the Soldiers were 27-27 when they disbanded on July 8 due to poor attendance. In 1888, Leavenworth returned to the loop and went 7-7 under L. M. Cretors. They were in second place when the league stopped operations on June 21. A J. Curran was leading the club in batting average at .300.

References
The Western League: A Baseball History, 1885 through 1999 by W.C. Madden and Patrick Stewart. .

Baseball
The Western League of Professional Baseball Clubs, also called the Western League, was a minor league baseball league. It created on February 11, 1885. It focused on the Midwestern United States.

History
Before its most famous version in November 1893, the Western League existed in various forms. The League was created as a minor league on February 11, 1885. The original clubs were in Indianapolis‚ Kansas City‚ Cleveland‚ Milwaukee‚ Toledo and Omaha/Keokuk, Iowa.

References

Baseball
Greensburg is a city in,  Kiowa County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Kiowa County. In 2010, 777 people lived there. Before the tornado, in 2000, 1,544 people lived there.

In the evening of May 4, 2007, Greensburg was hit by an EF5 tornado that traveled quickly through the area. It destroyed at least 95 percent of the city. It killed eleven people between the ages of 46 and 84.

Greensburg today is a model "green town". It is often described as the greenest in America. The hospital, city hall, and school have all been built to the highest certification level issued by Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). Greensburg is also home to the world's largest hand-dug well.

History

21st century

At 9:45 p.m. CDT on May 4, 2007, during a deadly tornado outbreak, Greensburg was hit by an EF5 tornado. The tornado was estimated to be  in width — wider than the city itself — and traveled for nearly . Tornado sirens sounded in the city twenty minutes before the tornado struck, and a tornado emergency was issued, which undoubtedly saved many lives.

Kansas Governor Kathleen Sebelius and President George W. Bush both declared Kiowa County a disaster area, which opened up the affected areas for national and international aid. The tornado killed 10 people in Greensburg and two more in neighboring towns.

Geography
Greensburg is at  (37.6027963, -99.2926131). The United States Census Bureau says taht the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Demographics

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 777 people, 355 households, and 212 families living in Greensburg.

Education
Greensburg is served by USD 422 Kiowa County Schools. The Kiowa County High School mascot is Mavericks.

References

Other websites

Official sites
 City of Greensburg
 Greensburg - Directory of Public Officials

2007 tornado
 Damage: Article 1, Article 2, Article 3
 Recovery: Article 1, Article 2, Article 3, Article 4 , Article 5 
 Before: Photos before 2007 tornado
 , from Hatteberg's People on KAKE TV news

Other sites
 The Big Well and Pallasite Meteorite
 Kiowa County Signal
 USD 422, local school district
 Greensburg City Map

Cities in Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Kiowa County, Kansas