cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Shadows-on-the-Teche is an old plantation house at 317 E. Main St., New Iberia, Louisiana. It was built in 1833-34. Original owners David and Mary Weeks were rich growers of sugarcane. They owned four plantations. The house is Greek Revival in style. A portico of eight columns supports a second floor verandah. The house is made of bricks. The interior was originally furnished with Federal-style and Empire-style furniture imported from the East Coast. The house was built on the edge of one of Weeks's sugarcane plantations.  It was designed for social life and entertaining. The house was said to be the third brick house built on Bayou Teche.

A series of tragedies struck the Weeks family following the completion of the house.  David Weeks died in August 1834.  His wife married John Moore. The household was dependent on slavery.  Mary and John supported secession. During the American Civil War, Federal troops occupied the property. Union officers lived in the house. Mary Weeks died in December 1863. The house was still being used by Union troops. He son restored some of the family fortune during the Reconstruction years. Succeeding generations however were forced to sell much of the property to meet living expenses.

David and Mary Weeks's great-grandson, William Weeks Hall, lived in the house from 1922 until his death in 1958.  He tried to preserve what remained of the property.  He made a large garden of live oak, bamboo, camellias, azaleas, and other plants.  He  donated the house and garden to the National Trust for Historic Preservation at his death. The Trust has owned and operated Shadows until the present. Shadows-on-the-Teche was named a National Historic Landmark on 30 May 1974.

Gallery

References

Other websites
 Shadows-on-the-Teche official site

Plantations in the United States
1830s establishments in Louisiana
is a former Japanese football player.

Club statistics

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References

1975 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
(born May 22, 1975) is a former Japanese football player.

Club statistics

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References

1975 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
is a former Japanese football player.

Club statistics

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References

1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
is a former Japanese football player.

Club statistics

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|2002||Ventforet Kofu||J. League 2||1||0||||||||
1||0||||||||||||
1||0||||||||||||
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References

1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Kagoshima Prefecture
Slave breeding was long a part of slavery. As in other slave countries, its purpose was to make more slaves. Slave breeding became more important in the United States the 19th century when the Atlantic slave trade ended. As with other commodities, scarcity caused the price of slaves to rise, so more slaves meant more money for their owners. Pregnancy was encouraged. Many slave masters mated with their own slaves to make more slave children. It produced mulatto children.

History 
For some states such as Virginia and North Carolina it was an export industry; they sold slaves to places where the price was higher, such as Alabama and Arkansas. Slave breeders favored woman slaves who could have large numbers of children. As with other livestock, breeders tried to improve the health and productivity of slaves. Breeders were approved in slave states because slaves were considered to be less than human, thus had no human rights. They were livestock, like horses or dogs.

References 

Slavery in the United States
History of the United States
African-American history
Meadowlawn is an antebellum (before the American Civil War) plantation house built in the Greek revival style. It is located in Lowndesboro, Alabama. The house is a two-story frame house with 13 fluted Doric columns on two sides. There are balconies over both main entrance doors with wrought iron railings.

Meadowlawn was built in 1853 for Squire George Thomas (1797-1867).  The house was later sold to Fort Williamson.  In 1905 the house was sold to Ransom Meadows (1846-1940).  He was the last surviving Confederate veteran in Lowndes County.  His daughter, Aline Meadows, (1880-1979) married Robert Bragg Hagood on April 3, 1907. Ransom Meadows deeded the house to the Hagoods. Mrs. Hagood named the house Meadowlawn.  She lived in the house until her death at age 99.  The house still remains in the Hagood family.  It is a contributing property of the Lowndesboro Historic District.  The District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 1973.

Gallery

References

Buildings and structures in Alabama
Houses in the United States
1853 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in Alabama
Magnolia Hall is a plantation house at the corner of Otts and Tutwiler streets in Greensboro, Alabama. It is also known as the McCrary-Otts House. It is a historic Greek Revival mansion.  It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing property to the Greensboro Historic District. It was recorded by the Historic American Buildings Survey in March 1936.

History 
Greensboro became prosperous as part of the cotton boom of the mid-19th century. In 1850 William Murphy, a lawyer and legislator, sold a prime lot to David F. McCrary, a prominent cotton broker and planter. McCrary had originally come from North Carolina. He married Elizabeth Cowan Lowry, daughter of a prominent Alabama family. McCrary had Murphy’s house removed. He hired the architect B. F. Parsons to design a new mansion. The house was completed in about 1855. The Alabama Beacon reported that the house cost $10,000. It was a very large sum at the time.

McCrary’s finances survived the American Civil War. He opened the Greensboro Bank and Exchange in 1871. His only living child and her husband inherited the property when MCCrary died in 1888. Their son and his wife  bought the house from siblings in the 1920s. It stayed in the family until 1970. It was sold to Mr. and Mrs. M. D. Baines. The house was sold again in 2011.

Architecture 
A detailed, twelve-page building contract for Magnolia Hall still exists. It calls for porticos, north and south, each with six fluted columns, of the "Grecian Ionic Order ... the Entablature and Mouldings all to harmonize with it ... and proportioned after the order." There are double balconies of delicate iron grill work. There are colored glass transoms around the doors. Inside are large four over four rooms, 14 foot ceilings, chandelier medallions, and a grand mahogany-railed staircase in the hallway. W. E. Yerby in his History of Greensboro wrote that Magnolia Hall "is indisputably one of the finest antebellum mansions in Alabama ... [and] a perfect example of late Greek Revival architecture."

Gallery

References

Further reading 
 

Buildings and structures in Alabama
Houses in the United States
This is a complete list of ice hockey players who have played for the Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League (NHL). It includes players that have played at least one regular season or playoff game for the Montreal Canadiens since the team joined the NHL in 1917. Founded in 1909 as one of the founding members of the National Hockey Association (NHA), the Montreal Canadiens were also one of the founding members of the NHL. Since the formation of the NHL, 709 different players have played with the Canadiens

As of April 3, 2008, 71 goaltenders and 638 skaters (forwards and defencemen) have appeared in at least one regular-season and/or playoff game with the Montreal Canadiens since the formation of the league in the 1917–18 NHL season. The 709 all-time members of the Canadiens are listed below, with statistics complete through the end of the 2013–14 NHL season. This list does not include members of the Montreal Canadiens while the team was a member of the NHA from 1909 until 1917.

The "Seasons" column lists the first year of the season of the player's first game and the last year of the season of the player's last game. For example, a player who played one game in the 2000–01 season would be listed as playing with the team from 2000 to 2001, regardless of what calendar year the game occurred within.

Key

Goaltenders

Note: Stats are updated through to the end of the 2019–20 season

Skaters

Note: Stats are updated through to the end of the 2016–2017 season.

Notes

References
 Montreal Canadiens all-time roster on the Internet Hockey Database
 Montreal Canadiens all-time roster at Legends of Hockey
 Montreal Canadiens all-time roster  at the Montreal Canadiens Official Site

Lists of National Hockey League players
Canada-related lists
Kipper the Dog is a character in a series of books for preschool age children by a British writer, Mick Inkpen. The books consist of 34 titles (as of July 2005), which have sold over 8 million copies and have been translated into over 20 languages. The books have also won many awards. 

Kipper (the Dog) is also the name of a British animated television series based on the same characters. In some cases, the episodes are specifically based on particular stories by Mick Inkpen. The videos have won awards including a BAFTA award for best children's animation. The show was broadcast from 1997 to 2000 on CITV and Nick Jr.. It currently airs on PBS Kids Sprout. It took a break for a while from CITV until it was repeat on Christmas Eve 2003 showing the 'Christmas Eve' episode and repeated for most of 2004. Kipper has not been on CITV since then. 

The show was released on VHS and DVD by HIT Entertainment, but the episodes were not in order.

1997 British television series debuts
1990s British television series
Animated television series
Fictional characters
George Willis, MD JP (1828-1898) was a British medical doctor and politician.

Early life
Willis was born in County Cavan, Ireland.  He earned his medical degree at the University of Glasgow in 1850.

He was the elder brother of Dr. William Willis who taught medicine at the University of Tokyo and founded the medical school at the University of Kagoshima.

Career
He was one of the founders of the Monmouth Hospital and Dispensary at Monmouth in Wales.   

He was three times elected mayor of Monmouth.

References

1828 births
1898 deaths
English politicians
British physicians
People from the Republic of Ireland
Death row is a place where people convicted of bad things go to be executed using different methods. Some are lethal injection or a gas chamber, or even an electric chair. Death row is often known as capital punishment due to the fact that many years ago, people who were convicted of really bad things such as killing were executed by being hanged, drawn and quartered, firing squad, gas chamber, guillotine, or shooting.

Punishments

Gas chamber 
Gas chamber is a tool used to kill somebody by breathing in the gas and choking to death.

Guillotine 
Guillotine is a tool that was used way before other tools were created. It is an object designed to cut off the head of a person by dropping a cutting tool that is controlled by a pulling object.

Firing squad 
Firing squad is a killing method used in the early 1900s, including World War II. The method is used when army officers shoot a person to death.

Electric chair 
The electric chair is a tool that is used to this day. It is a chair with electricity flowing through it designed to shock a person and kill them in minutes.

Lethal injection 
Lethal injection is a killing method that is also used to this day. It is made to inject a person with one or more drugs that will kill them in minutes, or even seconds if the drugs are very bad, or a large dose is given.

Related pages
Death penalty

Imprisonment and detention
Punishments
Capital punishment
Animation Domination is a group of television shows that is shown on Fox. It began on May 1, 2005 and airs on Sunday nights. In Canada, it is known as Animation Rules. Fox plans on airing it on Saturday nights. It airs from 7 to 10 PM when The OT is not on, when The OT is airing, Animation Domination is broadcast from 8 to 10 PM, unless the NFL game runs for longer, which might cause the block not to air until the following week.

History
Animation Domination started on May 1, 2005 with back-to-back episodes of The Simpsons, Family Guy then American Dad! (created with the block).

Shows

Current schedule
 Shows in bold are currently airing new episodes.

Current shows
The Simpsons (2005–present)
Family Guy (2005–present)
American Dad! (2005–present) (Moving to TBS in late 2014)
Bob's Burgers (2011–present)
Duncanville (2020-present)
The Great North (2021-present)
HouseBroken (2021-present)

Past shows
King of the Hill (2005–2009, final 4 episodes aired in syndication in 2010)
Sit Down, Shut Up (2009)
The Cleveland Show (2009-2013)
Allen Gregory (2011)
Napoleon Dynamite (2012)
Bordertown (2016)

International versions
It airs in Australia on Fox8, and on other Fox channels in Italy, Portugal and Spain, putting it in their own languages.

Saturday nights
Fox announced plans to air a late Saturday night block of adult animation (11pm-12:30am ET/PT), which would compete with Saturday Night Live on NBC and replace reruns of their programming. It is by Nick Weidenfeld, who used to be at Adult Swim. It launched in January 2013.

Related pages
Fox Broadcasting Company

References

Other websites
Official website

Fox television series
2005 television series debuts
William Willis (1837–1894) was a British medical doctor and professor at the University of Tokyo.

Early life
Willis was born in Ireland in 1837.  He was awarded his medical degree at the University of Edinburgh in 1859.

He was the younger brother of Dr. George Willis of Monmouth in Wales.

Career
In 1861, Willis became the doctor of the British legation in Edo, Japan in 1861.

In 1869, Willis was named professor and head of the medical school at the Tokyo Imperial University.

In 1870, Willis became head of the hospital at Kagoshima.  He founded the medical school at the University of Kagoshima.

Willis returned to the United Kingdom in 1881.  He practiced in Wales with his brother until 1885.

References

Further reading
 Cortzzi, Hugh, (1985). Dr. Willis in Japan, 1862-1877: British medical pioneer London: Athlone Press. 

1837 births
1894 deaths
British physicians
Ernani is an Italian opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi, with a libretto by Francesco Maria Piave, based on Victor Hugo's play Hernani. It was first performed in Venice, on March 9, 1844.

Principal roles

 Ernani - tenor
 Elvira - soprano
 Carlo - baritone
 Silva - bass

Sources
 The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.

operas
Compositions by Giuseppe Verdi
Mirella Freni (February 27, 1935 – 9 February 2020) was an Italian soprano, one of the leading lyric sopranos of her era. She had a beautiful and well-schooled voice and a charming stage presence.

Life and career

Born Mirella Fregni, in Modena, Italy, she studied at the Bologna Music Conservatory with Ettore Campogalliani. She made her debut in her hometown in 1955, as Micaela in Carmen. That same year, she married pianist Leone Magiera, with whom she had a daughter, whom she called Micaela.

After winning the Viotto vocal competition in 1957, she sang with the Netherlands Opera, then was invited at the Glyndebourne Festival, and the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in 1961. She made her debut at La Scala in Milan in 1962. Her New York Metropolitan Opera debut came in 1965, as Mimi in La bohème, a role she will remain closely associated with throughout her career. She then sang at most of the great operatic centers ot the world, such as Paris, Chicago, Salzburg, etc.

She began her career by singing soubrette roles, such as Susanna, Zerlina, Adina, Nanetta, etc., and then moved to more lyric roles such as Mimi, Marguerite, Juliet, etc., and eventually more dramatic roles such as Violetta, Amelia, Desdemona, Cio-Cio-San, Tosca, Medea, Wally, Maddalena, Giulia etc., with equal success. 

After her divorce from Magiera, she married Bulgarian bass Nicolai Ghiaurov in 1981.

Freni died on 9 February 2020 in Modena after suffering multiple strokes and a degenerative disease, aged 84.

Notes

Sources
 Le Guide de l'Opéra, Roland Mancini & Jean-Jacques Rouverox, Fayard, 1986.
 The Metropolitan Opera Encyclopedia, edited by David Hamilton, Simon & Schuster, 1987.

Sources
 Le Guide de l'Opéra, Roland Mancini & Jean-Jacques Rouverox, Fayard, 1986.
 The Metropolitan Opera Encyclopedia, edited by David Hamilton, Simon & Schuster, 1987.

1935 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from neurodegenerative disease
Deaths from stroke
Italian singers
Musicians from Emilia-Romagna
Italian opera singers
People from Modena
Sopranos
Rachel Crow (born January 21, 1998) is an American singer, actress, and comedienne. She has been on many television programs, including Brain Surge, Inside Edition, and The Wendy Williams Show. Right now, she has a role in Fred: The Show as Starr.

References

Other websites
 Rachel Crow on X Factor

1998 births
Living people
Singers from Colorado
American television actors
Comedians from Colorado
African American actors
African American comedians
Actors from Colorado
The X Factor contestants
Rachel Anne McAdams (born November 17, 1978) is a Canadian actress. She was born in London, Ontario and grew up in St. Thomas, Ontario. 

She had major roles in The Hot Chick, Mean Girls, The Notebook, Wedding Crashers, Red Eye, The Family Stone, State of Play, The Time Traveler's Wife, Sherlock Holmes, Morning Glory, Midnight in Paris, The Vow and About Time.

She was nominated for the Orange Rising Star Award in 2006.

References

Other websites 

Actors from London (Ontario)
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
1978 births
Living people
Actors from Toronto
Canadian stage actors
Canadian voice actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
The Cape Henry Lighthouse is a lighthouse in Virginia. It is near Virginia Beach, Virginia. For a long time, it has been important for the large amount of shipping entering the Chesapeake Bay from the Atlantic Ocean. The first building was the first lighthouse authorized by the U.S. government. It was built in 1792.  The lighthouse was also the first federal construction project under the Constitution. It was expected to cost $15,200 to build. Another $2,500 was needed to finish the lighthouse. A second lighthouse was built in 1881 a short distance away. It was built because people were worried the first building was not stable.

History
The Cape Henry Lighthouse was the first work of the new U.S. Federal government. It was built of stone by John McComb, Jr.. The building was finished in October, 1792. McComb was one of the architects that helped build New York City Hall. He also designed other lighthouses. The lighthouse's design was based on the 1767 Cape Henlopen Light.  The lighthouse was damaged by Confederate forces during the American Civil War. It was repaired by Union forces in 1863. Union forces needed the light for navigation.  In the 1870s, people worried about the condition and safety of the old lighthouse at Cape Henry. Because of this, the New Cape Henry Lighthouse was built in 1881. The new lighthouse is  southeast of the old lighthouse. The old tower was not destroyed. It is still standing. The old lighthouse is still a daymark used for triangulation.  The lighthouse was fully automated in 1983.

Description
In 1798, Benjamin Latrobe visited Cape Henry Lighthouse and described it as "an octangular truncated pyramid of eight sides, rising 90 feet to the light..."  The Old Cape Henry Lighthouse is 26 feet in diameter at its base and 16 feet at its top.   It was built with Aquia Creek sandstone. The sandstone came from the same source as the White House.

The new lighthouse is  tall. It was built of cast iron and wrought iron. It also has a more powerful light.

Preservation
Preservation Virginia took control of the older lighthouse in 1930. Preservation Virginia was known as the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities at the time.  A brick lining and an iron stairway have been added to the lighthouse. The lighthouse is open to the public.  It was made a National Historic Landmark on January 29, 1964.  In 2002 the American Society of Civil Engineers listed the lighthouse a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.

The lighthouses are located in the city of Virginia Beach within the boundaries of Joint Expeditionary Base East, a Navy base.  The Cape Henry Memorial is next to the lighthouses.

References

Other websites

 Lighthousefriends: Cape Henry Lighthouse
 Cape Henry Lighthouse webpage on the Preservation Virginia website 
 Cape Henry Lighthouse info 
Chesapeake Bay Lighthouse Project – Old Cape Henry Light
Chesapeake Bay Lighthouse Project – New Cape Henry Light

Buildings and structures in Virginia
Virginia Beach, Virginia
Lighthouses
1792 establishments in the United States
1881 establishments in the United States
Washington Irving was an American writer. He was born in New York City on April 3, 1783.  He began his literary career writing humorous newspaper sketches. He edited magazines. He went to Europe on family matters as a young man. He remained there for 17 years. He served as the United States ambassador to Spain from 1842 to 1846. He wrote biographies. He regarded his 5-volume life of George Washington as his masterpiece. He died in his home, Sunnyside, at Tarrytown, New York on November 28, 1859.

Irving and his contemporary James Fenimore Cooper were America's first internationally acclaimed authors. Irving encouraged American authors and supported stronger copyright laws. He is best known today for two short stories: "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow". They have been adapted to the stage, to television, and to animated and live-action movies.

The Chicago community area Irving Park is named after him.

Selected works 
 A History of New-York (1809)
 The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (1819-20)
 Bracebridge Hall (1822)
 Tales of a Traveller (1824)
 Tales of the Alhambra (1832)
 The Life of George Washington (1855-59)

References

1783 births
1859 deaths
Writers from New York City
Ambassadors of the United States
Sunnyside is a house in Tarrytown, New York. It was once the home of American writer Washington Irving. He wrote many books, but he is best known for the short stories "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle". Irving bought the property on June 7, 1835 for $1,800. He described it to his brother as "a beautiful spot, capable of being made a little paradise ... I have had an architect up there, and shall build upon the old mansion this summer. My idea is to make a little nookery somewhat in the Dutch style, quaint, but unpretending. It will be of stone." In its day, Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. said that Sunnyside stood "next to Mount Vernon, the best known and most cherished of all the dwellings in our land." The public interest in the home drew several gawkers hoping to catch a glimpse of Irving working. Irving died of a heart attack in his bedroom at Sunnyside on November 28, 1859. Irving's descendants lived in the house until 1945. In that year, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. bought it. He opened the house to tourists in 1947. Sunnyside is now a museum. An admission fee is charged. The house contains furniture that once belonged to Irving. Sunnyside became a National Historic Landmark in 1962.

Buildings and structures in New York
National Historic Landmarks of the United States
Houses in the United States
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is a short story by Washington Irving. The story was published in 1820 in a collection of Irving's literary pieces called The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. The story was one of the first fictional works by an American author to become popular outside the United States. Adaptations include Walt Disney's animated movie The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad of 1949 and, more recently, Tim Burton's Sleepy Hollow of 1999 starring Johnny Depp.

Story 
A lanky school teacher named Ichabod Crane arrives in the village of Sleepy Hollow. He is very superstitious. He falls in love with pretty Katrina Van Tassel (and her father's large farm).

Katrina has a suitor though. His name is Brom Bones. Brom is a rowdy and boisterous young man. He does not like Ichabod. He does not like Ichabod hovering about Katrina.

One autumn night after a party at the Van Tassel's, Ichabod sets off for home alone. He thinks he sees the Headless Horseman, a dead soldier of the Revolution whose head was blown off by a cannon ball. His ghost haunts the countryside in search of his head.

He chases Ichabod. Ichabod is terrified and runs away. He is never seen again. Villagers find Ichabod's hat, saddle, and a smashed Jack-o'-lantern. Whenever the story is told, Brom gives a knowing wink. It is implied that he frightened away his rival by posing as the Headless Horseman.

References

Other websites 

The Legend of Sleepy Hollow  original text with human-read audio.
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" from The Harvard Classics (1917), hosted online at Bartleby.com.
"Sleepy Hollow" , a non-fiction update on the story's locale, written by Washington Irving in 1839.
Old Dutch Burying Ground of Sleepy Hollow, the churchyard where Ichabod Crane sought sanctuary.
List of locations related to "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" .
"Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" - Irving's Fictions of Revolution
.
 (directed by Tim Burton).
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" Brickfilm (Lego movie).
 The unabridged "Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (Episode Number 174) is read in its entirety in Mister Ron's Basement Podcast
 A Librivox Podcast version of "Legend of Sleepy Hollow"  can be found here as well

19th-century American short stories
Works by Washington Irving
George Li (Chinese: 黎卓宇, Pinyin: Lí zhuōyǔ), born August 24, 1995 in Boston, Massachusetts, is a Chinese-American pianist.

Li has been performing since he was nine years old, and is known as a recitalist, a chamber musician, and a soloist with orchestra. At the age of eleven, he played at New York's Carnegie Hall. The performance was featured in the new TV series by NPR, From the Top.

Career 
Li won first prizes in the Massachusetts Music Teachers Association state competitions at the age of 6 and 7. In 2005, Li won second prizes in both the Virginia Waring International Piano Competition  and the Cincinnati World Piano Competition at the age of nine. 

In 2008, Li won the second prize in the Gina Bachauer International Piano Junior Artist Competition. In 2010, Li won the first prize in the Cooper International Piano Competition  Li has also won the first prize in the Young Concert Artists International Auditions.

On June 7, 2011, Li played for Barack Obama and his wife Michelle Obama, and German Chancellor Dr. Angela Merkel and her husband Dr. Joachim Sauer at a state dinner in the White House Rose Garden. On June 23, 2011, Li was one of the two recipients of the 2012 Gilmore Young Artist Award. He is currently the youngest person who got the award.

Li lives in Lexington, Massachusetts. He is a student of Walnut Hill School and the New England Conservatory Preparatory School, where he learns with Wha Kyung Byun. Li's previous piano teachers include Dorothy Shi (杨镜钏) and Yin Chengzong (殷承宗).

References

Other websites 
George Li's official website
George Li on YouTube

Living people
American pianists
1995 births
Murray Perahia KBE (born April 19, 1947) is an American pianist and conductor. 

Murray Perahia was born in New York City to a family of Sephardi Jewish origin. According to the biography on his Mozart piano sonatas CD, his first language was Judaeo-Spanish. The family was from Thessaloniki, Greece. His father moved to the United States in 1935.   

In 1965, Perahia won the Young Concert Artists International Auditions. In 1972, he was the first North American to win first prize at the Leeds Piano Competition.

Awards 
Seventh International Schumann Festival
2000 Robert Schumann Society Claudio Arrau Memorial Medal

Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance
1989 Bartók: Sonata for Two Pianos & Percussion 

Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist Performance (without orchestra)
2003 Chopin: Études, Opp. 10, 25 
1999 Bach: English Suites Nos. 1, 3 and 6

References 

1947 births
Living people
American pianists
American conductors
The Études by Polish composer Frédéric Chopin are three sets of études for piano.

Composition

Chopin's Études (studies) are some of the hardest pieces of all the works in concert piano repertoire. Because of this, the music remain famous and are often played at concerts. Some of them have been given nicknames (but not by Chopin himself) - for example, the last Étude from Op. 10 has been called the Revolutionary because it was inspired by the November 1830 Uprising, when the Poles were defeated by the Russian Empire.

All twenty-seven Études were published during Chopin's lifetime; Opus 10, the first group of twelve were written between 1829 and 1832, and were published in 1833, in France, Germany, and England. The twelve Études of Opus 25 were composed at various times between 1832 and 1836, and were published in the same countries in 1837. The final three, part of a series called "Méthode des méthodes de piano" compiled by Moscheles and Fétis, were composed in 1839 but with no opus number.

The first Études of the Opus 10 set were written when Chopin was still in his teens. Chopin's Études elevated the musical form from purely utilitarian exercises to great artistic masterpieces. At a concert in which Chopin performed his opus 25, Robert Schumann said "À la Chopin".

List of Études

Études Op. 10

Études Op. 25

Trois nouvelles études

References 

Compositions by Frédéric Chopin
Lev Ivanovich Ivanov (1834-1901) was a Russian ballet dancer and choreographer. He became Second Balletmaster of the Imperial Ballet. Ivanov is credited with choreographing The Nutcracker in 1892 due to the ill health of Ballet Master Marius Petipa. The extent of his work is disputed. Only Petipa's name appeared on posters for the first production. Ivanov also worked with Petipa on a restaging of Swan Lakein 1895. He choreographed Acts 2 and 4, and the Italian and Hungarian dances in Act 3. Other ballets choreographed by Ivanov as the Second Balletmaster to Petipa include "The Enchanted Forest" (1887), and "The Tulip of Haarlem" (1887). Ivanov is credited with the choreography for the "Polovetsian Dances" in the first production of Borodin's Prince Igor in 1890. Late in life, Ivanov petitioned the Imperial Theatres for financial assistance on the strength of his 50 years of service. He died in poverty.

Ballets 
 The Enchanted Forest (1887)
 The Tulip of Haarlem (1887)
 Polovetsian Dances in the opera Prince Igor (1890)
 The Nutcracker (1892)
 Acts 2 and 4 of Swan Lake for the St Petersburg restaging (1895)

References 

 Goodwin, Noël (Ed.) Stanley Sadie, "Ballet (2. 19th Century)," The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Second Edition. (London: MacMilian, 2001), 29 vols. .

Other websites 
 The Ballet Encyclopedia entry for Lev Ivanov.
 Balletmet.org notes for Lev Ivanov. 
 Archive film of Alexandra Danilova performing the Sugar Plum Fairy variation from The Nutcracker after Lev Ivanov in 1952 at Jacob's Pillow 

Choreographers
1834 births
1901 deaths
Russian people
Arthur Robert Ashe, Jr. (July 10, 1943 – February 6, 1993) was an American tennis player. He started playing tennis professionally in 1969. He won three singles Grand Slam titles: the US Open in 1968, the Australian Open in 1970 and Wimbledon in 1975. He won two Grand Slam doubles titles: the French Open in 1971 and the Australian Open in 1977. Arthur Ashe was ranked no 1. for being the best tennis player, the first African American to be number one. He retired in 1980. Arthur Ashe raised awareness about HIV and AIDs. He also was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1993.

Ashe was born and raised in Richmond, Virginia. He died of AIDS in New York City.

References

Other websites 
Official website

1943 births
1993 deaths
African-American tennis players
American activists
American male tennis players
Deaths from AIDS
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in New York City
Male tennis players
People from Richmond, Virginia
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Sportspeople from Virginia
US Open (tennis) champions
Wimbledon champions
The "Italian" Concerto (or, Concerto in the Italian style) is a piece of music for harpsichord composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. It was published in 1735 with the French Overture in the second volume of Bach's Keyboard Practice. Both pieces are Bach's interpretations of popular musical forms of the day. The Italian Concerto is a three-movement composition written specifically for a two-manual harpsichord (see image).

The first movement is written in F major. It has a time signature of 2/4, but lacks a tempo marking. It is always played Allegro (fast). The second movement is written in D minor. Its time signature is 3/4, and its tempo marking is Andante (slow).  The third movement is written in F major. Its time signature is cut-time (2/2), and its tempo is marked Presto (very fast). The first and third movements are composed in ritornello style. This means a theme particular to the movement returns time and again. The second movement is a very florid arioso-like piece.

An orchestral Italian concerto relies upon contrasts between the full orchestra and a small group of instruments which act as soloists. Bach achieves this effect by using the lower manual on the harpsichord as the "full orchestra" and the upper manual as the "small group of instruments".

References 
 Woodstra, Chris, et. al. 2005. All Music Guide to Classical Music. All Media Guide, LLC. pp. 45–46. .

Compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach
Concertos

de:Clavierübung#Clavierübung Teil II
This page is about the Shakespearean character.  For the opera by Verdi see Falstaff (opera)

Sir John Falstaff is a fictional character who appears in three plays by William Shakespeare. In two of the Henry IV plays, he is a friend of Prince Hal, the man who becomes King Henry V.  

Falstaff is very fat.  He thinks he is very important and is always boasting.  He is also a coward.  Falstaff makes Prince Hal get into trouble.  When Hal becomes king Falstaff is rejected.

Falstaff is a comic figure, but Shakespeare makes him say some things which tell us a lot about human nature. For example: before a battle in Henry IV he explains that his cowardice is actually common sense, because honour in battle is not really worth anything. Honour would not stop other people saying he was a coward and it would not help him if he got injured.

Falstaff also appears in The Merry Wives of Windsor.

Shakespeare’s character inspired several musicians to compose music about him.  Carl Otto Nicolai wrote an opera called Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor (1849). Verdi’s wrote an opera Falstaff based on the same play.  It is often thought to be Verdi’s greatest opera. Ralph Vaughan Williams wrote an opera called Sir John in Love, (1924–1928).  Elgar wrote a brilliant piece for orchestra called “Falstaff” which he called: “a symphonic study”.

It is likely that Shakespeare based the character of Falstaff on a real person.  Many ideas have been discussed but no one can be sure who Shakespeare may have had in mind.

Characters in Shakespeare's plays
Sammy Davis Jr. (December 8, 1925 – May 16, 1990) was an American entertainer. He was a dancer, singer and instrumentalist (playing vibraphone, trumpet and drums), comedian and actor. He was born in Harlem, New York City. Davis became hugely successful as a stage singer and recording artist and when asked to play at segregated places (where African-Americans were not allowed) he refused. Because of this some popular venues began to allow African-Americans to attend just so they could have Davis and other popular black musicians play. Before that black singers like Davis and Nat King Cole could play at the hotels and casinos but not stay or gamble there.

Davis led an unhealthy lifestyle of drinking, smoking and cocaine use but was one of the most popular musicians and actors of the time. He converted to Judaism while in the hospital in 1954 and 1955. He was also a member of the Rat Pack with friends Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin.

The Kennedy Center honored Davis in 1987.

Davis died of throat cancer in Beverly Hills, California.

References

Other websites

Sammy Davis, Jr.'s Grave

1925 births
1990 deaths
Actors from New York City
African American actors
African American musicians
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
Cancer deaths in the United States
Converts to Judaism
Deaths from throat cancer
Jewish American actors
Jewish American musicians
Jewish businesspeople
Kennedy Center honorees
Musicians from New York City
Singers from New York City
"Billie Jean" is a song released from Michael Jackson's 1982 album Thriller. The song was released in borderline 1983/1984. Billie Jean was one of many hits by the singer and established itself at number one in the Billboard Hot 100. At the 1984 Grammy Awards Jackson was awarded Best R&B Song and Best R&B Male Vocal Performance for the song. In 2008 Kanye West remixed the song for Thriller 25. According to Quincy Jones, the song is based off a fan that would always sneak into Michael's backyard and claim her little brother was his son.

Pop songs
1983 songs
Grammy Award winning songs
Michael Jackson songs
Fox Entertainment Group was an American entertainment company. It owns places that movies are produced, television networks and others. It is named after William Fox.

Corporate divisions

Motion picture
20th Century Fox Film Corporation
Fox Studios Australia
Fox Baja Studios
Fox 2000 Pictures
Fox Searchlight Pictures
Fox Faith
20th Century Fox Español
20th Century Fox International
20th Century Fox Home Entertainment
Fox Atomic
20th Century Fox Animation
Fox Star Studios

Television production and distribution
20th Century Fox Television
Fox Television Studios (television studio unit)
Fox 21 (reality television unit)
20th Television (syndication unit) (20th Century Fox International Television, global distribution unit)

Television stations
Fox Television Stations Group

Television broadcast network
Fox Broadcasting Company
Fox Kids

Broadcast syndication service 
MyNetworkTV

Cable network programming
Big Ten Network (51%, with the Big Ten Conference) 
Fox Business Network
Fox College Sports
Fox Sports Net (some affiliates owned by DirecTV Sports Networks)
Fox Movie Channel
Fox News Channel
Fox Soccer
Fox Soccer Plus
Fox Sports Australia (50% with Consolidated Media Holdings (formerly PBL))
FoxTEL (25% with Consolidated Media Holdings and Telstra)
Fuel TV
FX
National Geographic Channel (with the National Geographic Society)
Nat Geo Mundo (with the National Geographic Society)
Nat Geo Wild (with the National Geographic Society)
Speed (TV channel)
Fox Latin American Channels
Fox
FX
Utilisima
Fox Sports
Fox Life
National Geographic Channel

American entertainment companies
Companies based in Los Angeles
1985 establishments in California
2019 disestablishments in the United States
Defunct companies of the United States
"Sexy Bitch" (renamed "Sexy Chick" whenever censored) is a hit song by David Guetta. Akon sings in it. The single was released during 2009. There are several music videos for this song. It was written by Giorgio Tuinfort, Aliaune Thiam, David Guetta, Jean-Claude Sindres and Sandy Vee.

2009 songs
Pop songs
David Guetta songs
Steinway & Sons, also known as Steinway, () is an American-German piano company. It was founded in 1853 in Manhattan, New York City, the United States, by German piano builder Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg (later known as Henry E. Steinway). The employees at Steinway were mostly German immigrants. The company's growth led to the opening of a factory in Queens, New York City, the United States, and a factory in Hamburg, Germany. The factory in Queens supplies the Americas and the factory in Hamburg supplies the rest of the world.

Steinway is a prominent piano company making pianos of high quality. Many inventions within piano development have been made at the Steinway factories. Steinway has been granted 126 patents in piano making – the first patent was granted in 1857. The company's share of the high-end grand piano market is over 80 percent.

Steinway pianos have got many awards. One of the first is a gold medal in 1855 at the American Institute Fair at the New York Crystal Palace. From 1855 to 1862, Steinway pianos got 35 gold medals. Many awards and recognitions followed, for example three medals at the world's fair of 1867 in Paris. The European part of the company holds a royal warrant of appointment to Queen Elizabeth II.

Steinway pianos are made at the factories in Hamburg and Queens. In addition to the flagship Steinway piano line, Steinway markets two cheaper brands of piano. They are sold under the secondary brand names Boston and Essex. The Boston brand is for the mid-level market and the Essex brand is for the entry-level market. Boston and Essex pianos are designed by Steinway engineers. To take advantage of lower costs of part production and labor, they are made in Asia by other piano makers under the supervision of Steinway employees.

Related pages 
 Steinway D-274

References

Other websites 

 Steinway & Sons – European and international headquarters
 Steinway & Sons – American headquarters

1853 establishments
Companies of Germany
Companies of the United States
Musical instrument companies
Gullah Gullah Island was an American children's television series that features Gullah culture. It was on Nick Jr. from July 6, 1994 to January 9, 1998, with reruns from January 10, 1998 to their 9th birthday. It starred Ron Daise and his wife Natalie Daise. It was the first show designed for preschoolers to feature a black family. It was created by Maria Perez-Brown, Kathleen Minton Capano, and Kit Laybourne. It had 3 seasons and 78 episodes.

Gullah Gullah Island on NickRewind's NickRewind Jr. The added to Paramount+ in July 2021.

Cast
 Ron Daise as "Ron"
 Natalie Daise as "Natalie"
 Vanessa Baden as "Vanessa"
 James Edward Coleman III as "James"
 Manolo Villaverde as "Abuelo"
 Iris Chacón as "Ms. Juana"
 Corey Hayes as "Corey"
 Simeon Othello Daise as "Simeon"

Episodes

Season 1: 1994

Season 2: 1995

Season 3: 1996-1998

References

Other websites

1994 American television series debuts
Nickelodeon television series
1998 American television series endings
English-language television programs
The Inventions and Sinfonias (1720; revised 1723) are 30 pieces of keyboard music (15 each in sinfonia and invention) composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. They are sometimes known as the Two and Three Part Inventions. Bach arranged the two groups of pieces in order of ascending key. Each group covers the eight major and seven minor keys. Bach wrote them as exercises and study pieces for his 12 year old son, Wilhelm Friedemann Bach. The 1720 versions are found in the boy's Little Keyboard Book of 1722. The invention and sinfonias are often used as preparation for two volumes of Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier.

Bach wrote in the preface to the printed edition of the Inventions and Sinfonias: "Honest method, by which the amateurs of the keyboard – especially, however, those desirous of learning – are shown a clear way not only (1) to learn to play cleanly in two parts, but also, after further progress, (2) to handle three obligate parts correctly and well; and along with this not only to obtain good inventions (ideas) but to develop the same well; above all, however, to achieve a cantabile style in playing and at the same time acquire a strong foretaste of composition."

(In that year, there wasn’t piano. So, J.S.Bach used harpsichord as a keyboard instrument.)

Media 
All of these sinfonias are played by Randolph Hokanson.

References 

 Woodstra, Chris (Ed.) and others. 2005. Blair Johnston in All music guide to classical music. All Media Guide. .

Other websites 

 Mutopia's editions of Bach's Inventions and Sinfonias
 History and analysis of Bach's inventions 
 Bach – Inventions ( 43:26 minutes) at BBC's Discovering Music: Listening Library
 Overview of Inventions from Tim Smith's Website 
 Graphical Motif Extraction of the Inventions and Sinfonias

Compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 1 in C major, K 279 (189d) (1774) is a sonata in three movements:
Allegro
Andante
Allegro

It takes about 14 minutes to play the entire sonata.

References

Compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Solo piano pieces
Sonatas
The Detroit Red Wings are a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit, Michigan. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the National Hockey League's (NHL) Eastern Conference. The Red Wings franchise has been a part of the NHL since 1926, making them one of the "Original Six" clubs. Originally named the Detroit Cougars, the team was renamed to the Detroit Falcons in 1930; in 1932, the team's name was changed to the Detroit Red Wings and has remained the same since. As of the conclusion of the 2014–15 NHL season, 897 players have played for the franchise; of them, 91 of them are goaltenders, while 806 are skaters.

Since its creation, the team has had 36 captains, including Hall of Famers Sid Abel, Ted Lindsay and Red Kelly. Six players have had the honor of having their jersey number officially retired from play; one of them is Steve Yzerman, who played for the Red Wings from 1983 to 2006, and was the longest-serving captain in North American major league sports, with a tenure of 19 years. Yzerman led his team to three Stanley Cups and was the recipient of several awards, including the Lester B. Pearson Award and Lester Patrick Trophy for his outstanding play and contributions to the sport. Thirty-five other players have been inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame.

As of the conclusion of the 2010–11 NHL season, the Red Wings have made the Stanley Cup playoffs for 20 consecutive seasons, the longest post-season streak for a single team in all of North American major professional sports. Gordie Howe holds the franchise records for the most points (with 1809) and for the most goals (with 786). Howe was a member of a Stanley Cup-winning team four times, all with the Red Wings. As of the conclusion of the 2010–11 season, 869 players have played for the franchise; of them, 89 of them are goaltenders, while 780 are skaters.

Key 

 Won the Stanley Cup with the Red Wings

Statistics are complete to the end of the 2016–17 NHL season.

Goaltenders

Skaters

Notes 

 Beginning in the 2005–06 season, ties are no longer possible. At the same time, the league began tracking overtime losses for goaltenders.
 Save percentage did not become an official NHL statistic until the 1982–1983 season. Therefore, goaltenders who played before 1982 do not have official save percentages.
 The seasons column lists the first year of the season of the player's first game and the last year of the season of the player's last game. For example, a player who played one game in the 2000–2001 season would be listed as playing with the team from 2000–2001, regardless of what calendar year the game occurred within.''

References 
General
 
 
 
 
 
 

Specific

Lists of National Hockey League players