cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Anglosphere is a term used to mean the group of English-speaking nations with a similar cultural heritage. 

The Anglosphere includes the United Kingdom, the United States, and the main members of the Commonwealth of Nations such as Canada (except the majority French-speaking province of Quebec and the majority Inuit-speaking territory of Nunavut), Australia and New Zealand. Ireland, a former Commonwealth of Nations member, is in the Anglosphere. 

The term was invented at the end of the 20th century.

Other meanings 
The word means more than just those countries where English is a first or second language. To be considered part of the Anglosphere requires sharing basic customs and values. "Nations comprising the Anglosphere share a common historical narrative in which the Magna Carta, the English and American Bills of Rights, and such Common law principles as trial by jury, presumption of innocence". Since the Great Rapprochement of the early 20th century, the United States and Great Britain were far more friendly than before. Their military alliance during World War II has lasted ever since.  

By the time of the 2003 Iraq war the political use of the word meant the cultural tendency towards military intervention, particularly by the US, the UK and Australia. Strategically, the word has come to mean that the US is usually backed by Britain and Australia, but not so much by Canada. In this sense, Canada is and sometimes is not considered a part of the Anglosphere. This has been since the Pierre Trudeau era. The United States of America is generally considered by many to be the dominant country in the Anglosphere.

Some go so far as to call it an Anglospherist school of thought. This holds that English speaking countries are becoming a separate civilization in their own right. Anglosphere theorists point out that there is no intent to build an Anglosphere superstate like the European Union. The term was coined (used for the first time) by science fiction writer Neal Stephenson. He used it in his novel The Diamond Age.

Related pages 
 List of countries where English is an official language

References

Other websites 
 The Anglosphere is alive and well, but I wonder whether it needs a better name 
 The State of the Anglosphere

Colonialism
British Empire
Commonwealth of Nations
English language
Wild Card is a 2015 crime drama movie. Jason Statham plays security guard Nick Wild, who has a gambling problem. Stanley Tucci plays Baby. Anne Heche plays Roxy.

The movie was released by Lionsgate. It is based on the novel Heat. It is a remake of a movie from 1986 called Heat.

References

Other websites
 

2015 drama movies
2010s crime drama movies
English-language movies
Movie remakes
Movies set in Las Vegas
Lionsgate movies
Let's Go Pocoyo is a 2009-2010 Spanish animated television  series created by Zinkia Entertainment. The series is about a 3-year-old boy named Pocoyo and his friends Pato (a duck), Elly (an elephant) and Loula (a dog).

Cast
 Isobelle Foy as Pocoyo
 Stephen Hughes as Narrator

Filming
The show was filmed in August 11, 2011.

Episodes
 Pocoyo Band
 Picnic
 The Egg
 The Fugitives
 The Good Deed
 The Pet
 The Prisoner
 Camping
 The Troll
 The Box
 Playtime
 The Little Guy
 The Ball
 The Bounty
 Wheels
 The Birthday Boy
 The Nice Guy
 The Time Bomb
 The Tourist
 The Day
 Cooking With Elly
 The Lonely Planet
 The Brainstorm
 The Toddler
 The Fancy Party
 Painting With Pocoyo
 The Void
 The Party Animal
 The Gift 2: the Giftening
 The Date
 The Buddies
 Elly's Computer
 Going to the Beach
The Big Job
 The Helper
 The Funk
 The Enemies
 The Rider
 The Gift
 Pocoyo's Breakfast
Traffic Jam
 Pato's Living Room
 Cinema
 Elly's New Doll
 Circus
 The Best Bedroom
 Pocoyo Goes to School
 Art
 Pocoyo Recycles
 Down on the Farm
 Nurse Elly
 Fishing With Pocoyo

References

Other websites 
 Let's Go Pocoyo at the Internet Movie Database

2010s television series
Children's television series
Geoffrey "Geoff" Downes (born 25 August 1952) is an English rock songwriter, record producer, and musician, mainly a keyboardist. He is mainly known as a member of the New wave duo The Buggles, progressive rock band Yes, and supergroup Asia.

Discography

Solo 
 Studio albums
 The Light Program (1986, Store for Music)
 Vox Humana (1992, JIMCO/Czar)
 Evolution (1998, Blueprint Records)
 The World Service (2000, Blueprint Records)
 Shadows & Reflections (2003, Blueprint Records)

References 

1952 births
Living people
British keyboardists
English rock musicians
Musicians from Cheshire
People from Stockport, Greater Manchester
On 15 and 16 December 2014, there was a hostage crisis in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Seventeen people were taken hostage by a gunman at 9:44 a.m. in a Lindt chocolate café in Martin Place on 15 December. The gunman has been identified as Iranian immigrant Man Haron Monis. He had a criminal record and supported Islamic terrorism. Five people, three workers and two customers, escaped after being held by Monis for several hours. Monis shot one hostage who died.  Seventeen hours after the crisis started, the police raided the café at 2:44 a.m. on the morning of 16 December. The gunman died during when the police shot him in the head. Another hostage was killed by police bullet fragments. Four other people were injured. There has been world-wide condemnation of the attack.

References

Other websites

2010s in Australia
December events
History of Sydney
Murder in 2014
Murder in Australia
Terrorist incidents in the 2010s
Active transport is when molecules move across a cell membrane from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. This takes energy, often from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Active transport is done so cells get what they need, such as ions, glucose and amino acids. 

In general, molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. To get molecules into the cell against the concentration gradient, work must be done. The work is done in special proteins which act as ports in the cell membrane. The imports must come through the ports: they cannot get through the bilipid layer of the cell membrane.

Types of ports 
There are three main types of protein ports in cell membranes: 
Uniporters: they use energy from ATP to pull molecules in.
Symporters: they use the movement in of one molecule to pull in another molecule against gradient.
Antiporters: one substance moves against its gradient, using energy from the second substance (mostly Na+, K+ or H+) moving down its gradient.

References 

Cell biology
Andreas Schockenhoff (February 23, 1957 – 13 December 2014) was a German politician of the CDU. From 1990 until his death in 2014, he served as a member of the German Bundestag. In the general election in 2013, he was elected the seventh consecutive year as a direct mandate for the federal electoral district Ravensburg in the German Bundestag. Schockenhoff was born in Ludwigsburg, Germany.

Schockenhoff died in Ravensburg, Germany, aged 57.

References

Other websites

1957 births
2014 deaths
Former members of the German Bundestag
Politicians from Baden-Württemberg
Politicians of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Joan Barril i Cuixart (20 January 1952 – 13 December 2014) was a Spanish journalist and writer. He was born in Barcelona, Spain. He was known for his writing columns on El País, La Vanguardia and in El Periódico de Catalunya.

Barril died in Barcelona, Spain from pneumonia, aged 62.

References

Other websites
 Web de El Cafè de la República 
 Web de opinión de ''El Periódico de Catalunya 
 Web del programa Qwerty  
 Entrevista a Joan Barril 
 Editorial Barril & Barral  

1952 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in Spain
Spanish journalists
People from Barcelona
Spanish writers
David Henry Gambrell (December 20, 1929 – May 6, 2021) was an American politician. Gambrell served in the United States Senate representing Georgia from 1971 through 1972. He was appointed to the Senate by President Jimmy Carter.

Gambrell died on May 6, 2021 in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 91.

References

1929 births
2021 deaths
United States senators from Georgia
Politicians from Atlanta, Georgia
US Democratic Party politicians
George Albert Sinner (May 19, 1928 – March 9, 2018) was an American politician. He served as the 29th Governor of North Dakota from 1985 through 1992. He served two four-year terms as governor.

Sinner died on March 9, 2018 in Fargo of pneumonia at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
 Jane Sinner Papers at The University of North Dakota 
 North Dakota Historical Society: George Sinner

1928 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Governors of North Dakota
US Democratic Party politicians
A caravan (from ) is a group of people traveling together. Often they are on a trade expedition. Caravans were used mainly in desert areas and throughout the Silk Road. Traveling in groups aided in defense against bandits, in the same way that convoys at sea helped protect against piracy. It also helped improve economies of scale in trade. In the 14th century there were reports of caravans of up to 12,000 camels.

In historical times, caravans traveled across East Asia and Europe. They often carried luxurious and lucrative goods, such as silks or jewelry. They would trade these for salt, gold, copper or slaves. At first donkey carts were used. They were replaced with the single hump camel. The camel could go great distances on very little water. 

Caravans could require a large investment in goods and camels. They were a rich target for bandits. The profits from a successful trade journey could be great. Many rulers along important trade routes created caravanserai (way stations). These were places where caravans could refresh their animals and supplies can be replenished. However, the volume a caravan could transport was limited. For example, a caravan of 500 camels could only transport as much as a third or half of the goods carried by a regular Byzantine merchant sailing ship.

Present-day caravans still transport important goods in less-developed areas of the world. Examples are the camel trains traversing the southern edges of the Sahara Desert. Also, modern caravans are often made up of cars, trucks and busses.

References 

Transport
Because I Said So is a 2007 romantic comedy movie. The movie is about an overbearing mother who is concerned about her three daughters. Diane Keaton plays Daphne. Mandy Moore plays Milly. Piper Perabo plays Mae. Lauren Graham plays Maggie.

Because I Said So got negative reviews from critics. But it did very well at the box office. It took in more than $69 million against a $39 million budget.

Other websites
 

2007 romance movies
2007 comedy movies
2000s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Piper Perabo (born October 31, 1976) is an American actress. She acts in movies, television and on stage. In the movie Whiteboyz, she played Sara. She played Violet "Jersey" Sanford in Coyote Ugly.

Perabo was born in Dallas, Texas. She grew up in Toms River, New Jersey.

References

Other websites

Actors from Dallas, Texas
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
1976 births
Living people
Lauren Graham (born March 16, 1967) is an American actress, producer and novelist. She played Lorelai Gilmore on The Gilmore Girls. She played Sarah Braverman in the TV series Parenthood.

Graham was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.

References

Other websites
 

American television actors
American movie actors
Writers from Hawaii
Actors from Honolulu
1967 births
Living people
Brian Daniel Heffron (born May 18, 1973) is an American professional wrestler and actor. He is better known by his ring name The Blue Meanie. He is best known for his time with Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) from 1995 to 2000 and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Heffron's ring name is a reference to the Blue Meanies, the creatures from the 1968 movie, Yellow Submarine.

In ECW, Heffron was known for his time in the Blue World Order, which was a parody of World Championship Wrestling (WCW)'s top heel group, the nWo. In the bWo, Meanie played a parody of nWo member Scott Hall and was named Da Blue Guy which was a parody of Scott Hall's nickname "The Bad Guy".

In wrestling 
Finishing moves
Meaniesault (Moonsault)
People's Leg Drop (Running delayed leg drop, with theatrics) (parodied from The Rock)
Snap DDT

Signature moves
Body avalanche
Bulldog
Diving splash
Elbow drop
Hip toss
Inverted atomic drop
Scoop slam
Short-arm clothesline

Double team finishing moves
With Nova
Blue Light Special (Wheelbarrow facebuster/Implant DDT combination)

Managers
Chastity
Jasmin St. Claire
Mini Meanie
Mrs. Patricia

Entrance music
"What Would You Do" by Tha Dogg Pound (ECW)
"MMMBop" by Hanson (ECW)
"Come Out and Play" by The Offspring (ECW; used while he was teaming with Raven)
"bWo Theme" by Swamp Candles (ECW / WWE; used while he was a part of the Blue World Order)
"Let Me Clear My Throat" by DJ Kool (ECW; used while he was teaming with Nova)
"Da Ya Think I'm Sexy" by Revolting Cocks (ECW)
"Armed & Rambunctious" by Steve Goomas and Dougvid Perkins  (WWF; used while he was a part of the J.O.B. Squad)
"Here We Go" by Mark Sandell and Neal Watson (WWE)

Championships
Allied Powers Wrestling Federation
APWF Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

Cleveland All-Pro Wrestling
CAPW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

Extreme Championship Wrestling
Hardcore Hall of Fame (2014)

Memphis Championship Wrestling
MCW Southern Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Jim Neidhart)

NWA New Jersey
NWA World Light Heavyweight Champion (New Jersey version) (1 time)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #143 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI Years in 2002.

Steel City Wrestling
SCW Tag Team Championship (3 times) (with Stevie Richards (1), Nova (1), and Cactus Jack (1))
SCW Television Championship (1 time)

Ultimate Pro Wrestling
UPW Internet Championship (1 time)

West Coast Wrestling Connection
WCWC Championship (1 time)

References

Other websites

1973 births
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Monster Buster Club is a children's comedy action animated television program series. It was created by Vincent Chalvon-Demersay and David Michel and by Marathon Media and Image Entertainment Corporation Inc. The series was first shown on TV in Europe on Jetix, June 2, 2008. In the United States it began on June 9, 2008. In Asia it started on May 3, 2008. The show was first shown on Canada's Television channel YTV in 2008. The series ended in 2009.

Plot
This show is about three twelve-year-olds, helped by an alien girl named Cathy, who are all charged with saving their town from alien invasions. With her grandfather, they reform a secret organization that was founded centuries ago called the Monster Buster Club, often abbreviated to MBC. The goal of the MBC is to locate alien criminals seeking refuge in Single Town, capture them, and send them to galactic authorities.

References

Other websites 
 Official Site 
 Marathon Brings Monster to MIPCOM from animationmagazine.net
 Disney XD Official site
 

Animated television series
French television series
2008 Canadian television series debuts
2009 television series endings
2008 establishments in France
2000s disestablishments in Canada
2000s disestablishments in France
English-language television programs
Chakradhar Gilla (known as Chakri) (15 June 1974 – 15 December 2014) was an Indian music composer and singer. He works for Tollywood movies. He won the Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu for the movie Satyam (2003). His song named "O Maguva Nee Sneham Kosam" from his movie "Satyam" was thought to be his best known work. Chakri was born in Mahabubabad, Telangana.

Chakri died from a heart attack in Hyderabad, Telangana, aged 40.

References

Other websites

1974 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Indian singers
Composers
John Graham "Mac" McVie (born 26 November 1945) is a British bass guitarist. He is best known as a member of rock groups John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers and Fleetwood Mac. He joined Fleetwood Mac shortly after its formation by guitarist Peter Green in 1967. He replaced bassist Bob Brunning.

In 1968, he married blues pianist and singer Christine Perfect, who became a member of Fleetwood Mac two years later. John and Christine McVie divorced, however, in 1977.

On 27 October 2013, Fleetwood Mac announced on their Facebook Page that McVie had been diagnosed with cancer and would be undergoing treatment. He has continued to play with the band during their 2014 On With The Show tour following an improvement in his condition.

References

Other websites
 Fleetwood Mac official website
 

1945 births
Living people
British bass guitarists
English rock guitarists
Musicians from London
People with cancer
Louis de Bourbon, or Louis III, Prince of Condé (10 November 1668 - 4 March 1710) was a Prince of the blood at the French court of Louis XIV. Styled as the Duke of Bourbon from birth, he succeeded his father as Prince of Condé in 1709. He was commonly called Monsieur le Duc. However, he was known by the lesser ducal title. He was prince for less than a year. As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon, he was a prince du sang. He was governor of Burgundy from 1709 to 1710. He was forced to marry an illegitimate daughter of Louis XIV.

Children

Marie Anne Éléonore de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Bourbon (22 December 1690 - 30 August 1760) died unmarried.
Louis Henri I, Prince of Condé (18 August 1692 - 27 January 1740) married Marie Anne de Bourbon and had no issue. He later married Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg and had issue.
Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon (22 November 1693 – 27 May 1775) married Louis Armand, Prince of Conti and had issue.
Louise Anne de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Charolais (23 June 1695 - 8 April 1758) died unmarried.
Marie Anne de Bourbon (16 October 1697 - 11 August 1741) secretly married Louis de Melun, Duke of Joyeuse.
Charles, Count of Charolais (19 June 1700 - 23 July 1760) secretly married Jeanne de Valois Saint Remy (descendant of Henri II of France) and had illegitimate issue.
Henriette Louise de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Vermandois (15 January 1703 - 19 September 1772) died unmarried.
Élisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Sens (15 September 1705 - 15 April 1765) died unmarried.
Louis, Count of Clermont (15 June 1709 - 16 June 1771) died unmarried.

Tiles and styles
10 November 1668 – 1 April 1709  His Most Serene Highness the Duke of Bourbon.

References 

House of Bourbon
Deaths from stroke
Dukes and Duchesses of Bourbon
People from Paris
1668 births
1710 deaths
Raquel Castro (born November 17, 1994) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She played Gertie in Jersey Girl in 2004. She played Destiny in Little Fugitive.

Castro was born in Long Island, New York.

Reference

Other websites
 

Actors from New York
People from New York
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
1994 births
Living people
Dennis Morgan (December 30, 1909 – September 7, 1994) was an American actor and singer. He played Jefferson in Christmas in Connecticut. He played Paul Hudson in The Desert Song.

Morgan was born Stanley Morner in Prentice, Wisconsin, on December 30, 1909. He died in Fresno, California of respiratory failure on September 7, 1994.

References

Other websites
 

American television actors
American movie actors
Singers from Wisconsin
Actors from Wisconsin
1908 births
1994 deaths
Francisco Ibáñez Talavera (born 15 March 1936), Spanish comic book artist and writer. He was born in Barcelona, Spain. He is the creator of several comic book series. The most famous series he created is Mortadelo y Filemón.

Ibáñez worked in a bank while publishing his first drawings before dedicating himself fully to his craft in 1957.  A year later, Mortadelo y Filemón appeared for the first time in the publication Pulgarcito.  After that Ibáñez created several other characters.  Since 1988, he has drawn six new Mortadelo y Filemón albums a year. Many of them concern common issues of the day.

In 1994, he received the Grand Prize of the Salón del Cómic de Barcelona. In 2001 he received the Medalla de Oro al Mérito en las Bellas Artes ("Gold Medal for Contributions to the Fine Arts"). He received the "Premios Notario del Humor" 2008 from the University of Alicante.

Works
Mortadelo y Filemón, agencia de información (1958).
La familia Trapisonda, un grupito que es la monda (1958)
13, Rue del Percebe (1961)
Godofredo y Pascualino viven del deporte fino (1961)
Ande, ríase usté con el arca de Noé (1961)
El botones Sacarino (1963)
Rompetechos (1964)
Pepe Gotera y Otilio (1966)
Chicha, Tato y Clodoveo (1985)
7, Rebolling Street (1987)
Doña Pura y Doña Pera vecinas de la escalera
Don Pedrito que está como nunca
El doctor esparadrapo y su ayudante Gazapo
Tete Cohete

References

1936 births
Living people
Comics artists
Pulgarcito (Spanish for "Tom Thumb") was a weekly illustrated magazine in Spain. It was published by Editorial Bruguera. It was first named El Gato Negro. It had a black cat as its logo from June 1921 to 1986.

Pulgarcito had short stories, articles, pastimes, and jokes, with only a few comic strips. Economic difficulties caused by the Spanish Civil War led to only 13 issues being published between 1945 and 1947. It was brought back after 1952. It had with more space given to comic strips when it returned. It also had a new set of new comic characters, including:

Zipi y Zape (characters that later got their own magazine)

Las hermanas Gilda

Carpanta

El profesor Tragacanto

Both Ibáñez and Jan worked on Pulgarcito during its last years.  With the demise of the Editorial Bruguera publishing house, Pulgarcito was discontinued.

References

Comics
Magazines of Europe
Shapeshifting is the act of being able to change into another being or form.  The idea of shapeshifting has been around since the Middle Ages. It has been used in literature and epic poems, including works such as Peleus and Thetis and the Iliad.  The trend of shapeshifting is still being done today. It is a theme in children's literature, and works of popular culture.

References

Other websites
 The Evolution of the Vampire in Fiction and Popular Culture
Real Shapeshifters Website Dedicated to the study of shapeshifting phenomena (realshapeshifters.com)
Shapeshifters in Love  – A series of articles about shapeshifting characters in romance and speculative fiction.

Mythology
Don Lynn Anderson (March 5, 1933 – December 2, 2014) was an American geophysicist. Anderson’s work was about seismology, solid state physics, geochemistry and petrology to explain how the Earth works. Anderson was born in Frederick, Maryland.

Anderson died of cancer in Cambria, California, aged 81.

References

Other websites
Anderson's webpage at Caltech 

1933 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in California
American physicists
American geologists
Educators from Maryland
Writers from Maryland
Norman Bridwell (February 15, 1928 – December 12, 2014) was an American author, cartoonist, and philanthropist. He was best known for creating Clifford the Big Red Dog. Bridwell was born in Kokomo, Indiana.

Bridwell died on December 12, 2014 of heart failure at the age of 86 in Edgartown, Massachusetts.

References

Other websites

 

1928 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American philanthropists
American cartoonists
Writers from Indiana
Priscilla Morrill (June 4, 1927 – November 9, 1994) was an American actress. She was well known for playing Edie Grant on The Mary Tyler Moore Show. She also played Elaine Hogan on the TV show Family.

Morrill was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She died from complications of a kidney infection in Los Angeles at age 67.

American television actors
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
1927 births
1994 deaths
Stuart Little is a 1999 American Family comedy movie. It was directed by Rob Minkoff and was produced by Douglas Wick. Stuart Little was released on December 17, 1999. The movie is loosely based on the E. B. White novel, Stuart Little.

The movie gained positive reviews from critics and holds a 66% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Stuart Little was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, but it lost to The Matrix. The movie spawned a sequel in 2002 titled Stuart Little 2, a short-lived TV show Stuart Little: The Animated Series in 2003, and another sequel in 2006, Stuart Little 3: Call of the Wild which went direct-to-video.

The movie was both Estelle Getty's last movie before she retired in 2000 as well as her last movie before her death in 2008.

Cast

Live action 
Geena Davis as Eleanor Little
Hugh Laurie as Frederick Little
Alec Baldwin as Adam Maitland (Frederick and Crenshaw's half-brother)
Jonathan Lipnicki as George Little
Jeffrey Jones as Uncle Crenshaw Little
Connie Ray as Aunt Tina Little
Allyce Beasley as Aunt Beatrice Little
Brian Doyle-Murray as Cousin Edgar Little
Estelle Getty as Grandma Estelle Little
Harold Gould as Grandpa Spencer Little
Patrick Thomas O'Brien as Uncle Stretch Little
Stan Freberg as Race Announcer
Jon Polito as Detective Sherman
Jim Doughan as Detective Phil Allen
Julia Sweeney as Mrs. Keeper, Head of the Orphanage
Miles Marsico as Anton

Voices 
Michael J. Fox as Stuart Little
Chazz Palminteri as Smokey the Chief
Nathan Lane as Snowbell
Steve Zahn as Monty the Mouth
David Alan Grier as Red
Bruno Kirby as Reginald Stout
Jennifer Tilly as Camille Stout
Jim Doughan as Lucky

References

Other websites 

1999 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Columbia Pictures movies
English-language movies
Movies about cats
Movies based on books
Movies set in New York City
Screenplays by M. Night Shyamalan
Louis Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Bourbon, Prince of Condé (Louis Henri Joseph; 18 August 1692 – 27 January 1740) was head of the  Prince of Condé and a cousin of the then reigning House of Bourbon from 1710 to his death, and served as prime minister to his kinsman Louis XV from 1723 to 1726.

Despite succeeding as head of the House of Condé in 1709, he never used that name, preferring the title "Duke of Bourbon", and was known at court as Monsieur le Duc.  As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon, he was a Prince of the blood.

Marriages and children

On 9 July 1713 at Versailles, he married Marie Anne de Bourbon who died in 1720. Marie Anne was the eldest daughter of Marie Thérèse de Bourbon and her husband, François Louis, Prince de Conti. The couple had no children.

Secondly on 23 July 1728 he married Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg and they had one son;

Louis Joseph de Bourbon (9 August 1736 – 13 May 1818), who led the "Army of Condé" during the French Revolutionary Wars. He also married twice.

Titles and styles

18 August 1692 – 4 March 1710  His Serene Highness the Duke of Enghien
4 March 1710 – 27 January 1740 His Serene Highness the Duke of Bourbon ("Monsieur le Duc")

Dukes and Duchesses of Bourbon
1692 births
1740 deaths
People from Versailles
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, commonly called Boethius (; also Boetius ;  477 – 524 AD), was a Roman philosopher. He was from the important Roman Anicia family, which included the Roman Emperors Petronius Maximus and Olybrius. In 510 Boethius became consul in the kingdom of the Ostrogoths. He was put in prison and later executed, by King Theodoric the Great, who thought he was secretly working with the Byzantine Empire. In prison, Boethius wrote the Latin philosophy book Consolation of Philosophy. In the Middle Ages, it was a famous and important book.

References

477 births
524 deaths
Ancient Roman writers
Philosophers
Tamara "Tamriko" Gverdtsiteli (, , born 18 January 1962 in Tbilisi) is a Georgian-Russian singer, actress and composer. She is a People's Artist of Ingushetia, Georgia (since 1991) and Russia (since 2004).

Discography 
 1982 — Debyut. Tamara Gverdtsiteli (min'on)
 1985 — Muzyka: poyot Tamara Gverdtsiteli
 1992 — Tamara Gverdtsiteli poyot svoi pesni
 1994 — Vivat, Korol'!
 1996 — Spasibo, Muzyka, tebe!
 2000 — Luchshiye pesni raznykh let
 2001 — Posvyashcheniye Zhenshchine
 2002 — Vivat, Lyubov', Vivat!
 2002 — Mne vchera prisnilos' nebo
 2003 — Izbrannoye
 2004 — Muzyka — Khram Dushi
 2008 — Vozdushnyy potseluy
 2008 — MP3-al'bom «Izbrannoye»
 2009 — The Best (2 CD)

References

1962 births
Living people
People from Tbilisi
Russian actors
Russian singers
Soviet actors
Soviet singers
Bellvale is a wooded hamlet in the town of Warwick in Orange County, New York, United States. It was the site of an iron forge destroyed by British Army soldiers in 1750. Most of its homes and other structures date from before American independence.

References

Hamlets in New York
Otra Cosa ("Another Thing") is the fifth studio album by Mexican singer-songwriter Julieta Venegas. It was released worldwide on March 16, 2010.

Track listing

Otra Cosa Más - EP  (Walmart Exclusive)(only US)

 "Bien o mal"
 "Despedida"
 "Debajo de Mi Lengua"
 "Me Voy"
 "Andar Conmigo"
 "Limón y Sal"

References

2010 albums
Julieta Venegas albums
Rooster Teeth Productions, LLC. or Rooster Teeth is a movie making company in Austin, Texas, United States. It makes live action short videos, animated videos, video game animations, and voiced video game playing called Let's Play. The creator, Burnie Burns, made voice-over videos of Bungie Studios' big first-person shooter video game Halo: Combat Evolved. These videos led to the making of Red vs. Blue, an awarded funny science-fiction set of videos released on April 1, 2003. These are still being made, and its 12th season came out on April 28, 2014. Rooster Teeth also makes live-action short videos, funny game play under the name Achievement Hunter, making video games, and full animated videos such as RWBY. Rooster Teeth hosts its community meeting, RTX, yearly in Austin, Texas.

In 2015, Rooster Teeth released its large movie debut, Lazer Team, a science-fiction funny movie.

References

Companies based in Texas
Movie studios
2003 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Texas
{{Infobox mobile phone
| name          = Samsung Galaxy S5
| modelnumber   = SM-G900
| logo          = Samsung Galaxy S5 logo.svg
| logosize      = 200px
| image         = Samsung Galaxy S5.png
| imagesize     = 220px
| manufacturer  = Samsung Electronics
| slogan        = My Life, powered by Samsung Galaxy S5
| series        = Galaxy S
| networks      = (GSM/GPRS/EDGE)
| released      = 
| discontinued  = 
| status        = 
| unitssold     = 
| unitsshipped  = 
| predecessor   = Samsung Galaxy S4
| successor     = Samsung Galaxy S6
| related       = Samsung Galaxy S5 MiniSamsung Galaxy S5 Active Samsung Galaxy S5 Sport
| type          = Touchscreen smartphone
| form          = Slate phone|Slate
| size          = 142 mm (5.59 in) H72.5 mm (2.85 in) W8.1 mm (0.31 in) D. 
| weight        = 145 g (5.11 oz) 
| os            = Original: Android 4.4.2 "KitKat"Current: Android 6.0.1 "Marshmallow"
| root_access   =
| soc           = Samsung Exynos 5 Octa 5422 ''LTE: Qualcomm Snapdragon 801 LTE-A: Qualcomm Snapdragon 805
| cpu           = 1.9 GHz quad-core Cortex-A15 and 1.3 GHz quad-core Cortex-A7 LTE versions: 2.5 GHz quad-core Krait 400
| gpu           = ARM Mali T628MP6 LTE versions: Adreno 330 (Snapdragon variant)
| memory        = 2 GB LPDDR3 RAM
| storage       = 16 GB, 32 GB
| memory_card   = microSD up to 128 GB
| battery       = 2800 mAh Li-ion
| input         = 
| display       =  1920x1080 Pixels (432 ppi) Full HD Super AMOLED Gorilla Glass 3
| rear_camera   = 
| front_camera  = 2 megapixels (1080p) High-definition video video recording @ 30 fps back-illuminated sensor
| sound         = 
| connectivity  = 
| other         = 
| sar           = 
| hac           = 
| website       = Samsung Mobile
| references    = 
}}Samsung Galaxy S5, Galaxy S5 or just GS5''' is an Android smartphone made by Samsung Electronics. The phone was released on 11 April 2014 in 150 countries as the successor to the Samsung Galaxy S4. Like the S4, the S5 is similar to the prior year's model, placing a large focus on a better build with a textured rear cover and IP67 rating for dust and water proof (up to ), a better user feel, new security items such as a fingerprint scanner and private mode, expanded health items (such as a built-in heart rate scanner), and an updated camera.

The successor of the S5 is the Samsung Galaxy S6.

Related pages
 Samsung Galaxy

References 

Samsung mobile phones
Mobile phones released in 2014
Mobile phones with 4K video recording
The 1980 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States. It was held at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan. It took place from July 14 to July 17, 1980. The 32nd Republican National Convention nominated former Governor Ronald W. Reagan of California for President. It also nominated former congressman George H. W. Bush of Texas for Vice President.

References

Other websites
Ronald Reagan's nomination acceptance speech

20th century in Detroit, Michigan
United States Republican Party
United States presidential nominating conventions
1980 in the United States
1980s in Michigan
July events
The 1980 Republican presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1980 U.S. presidential election. 

Former California Governor Ronald Reagan was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses which happened in the Republican National Convention held from July 14 to July 17, 1980, in Detroit, Michigan.

Nominees

Withdrew during primaries

Withdrew before primaries

Declined to run
The following potential candidates declined to run for the Republican nomination in 1980.

References

Other websites
. online review by Lou Cannon

United States Republican Party
United States presidential primary elections
1980 in the United States
The 1968 Republican presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1968 U.S. presidential election. 

Former Vice President Richard Nixon was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses which happened in the 1968 Republican National Convention. It was held from August 5 to August 8, 1968, in Miami, Florida.

Nominees

Favorite sons

Declined to run

United States presidential primary elections
Republican Party presidential primaries
United States Republican Party
The 1968 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States. It was held in at the Miami Beach Convention Center in Miami Beach, Dade County, Florida, from August 5 to 8, 1968.

1968 in the United States
1960s in Florida
United States presidential nominating conventions
United States Republican Party
August events
The 1976 Republican presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1976 U.S. presidential election.

Current President Gerald Ford was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses which was held in the 1976 Republican National Convention. It was held from August 16 to August 19, 1976 in Kansas City, Missouri. The 1976 primary was the first Republican primary to hold primaries in every state, the Democrats held the first nationwide primary in 1972.

Nominees

References

1976 in the United States
United States presidential primary elections
United States Republican Party
The 1976 Republican National Convention was a United States political convention of the Republican Party that met from August 16 to August 19, 1976 to select the party's nominee for President. 

It was held in Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri, the convention nominated President Gerald R. Ford for a full term, but only after narrowly defeating a strong challenge from former California Governor Ronald W. Reagan. 

The convention also nominated Senator Robert J. Dole of Kansas for Vice President, instead of Vice President Nelson Rockefeller.

1976 in the United States
United States presidential nominating conventions
History of Kansas City, Missouri
United States Republican Party
20th century in Missouri
August events
The 1984 Republican presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1984 U.S. presidential election. 

Current President Ronald Reagan was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses which happened in the 1984 Republican National Convention. It was held from August 20 to August 23, 1984 in Dallas, Texas.

The primaries were uneventful as Reagan was bound to win the nomination because of his popularity within the party.

Candidates

Nominee

Withdrew during primaries

Other websites

United States Republican Party
United States presidential primary elections
1984 in the United States
The 1984 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States. It was held on August 20 to August 23, 1984, at Dallas Convention Center in downtown Dallas, Texas. The convention nominated President Ronald W. Reagan and  Vice President George H. W. Bush for reelection.

References

Other websites
 CNN: Address on Foreign Policy delivered August 20 by Jeane Kirkpatrick, Ambassador to the United Nations
 C-SPAN: [rtsp://video.c-span.org/project/c04/c04072904_reagan84.rm Acceptance Speech] delivered August 23 by President Reagan

1984 in the United States
1980s in Texas
20th century in Dallas, Texas
United States presidential nominating conventions
United States Republican Party
August events
The 1992 National Convention of the Republican Party (GOP) of the United States was held in the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, from August 17 to August 20, 1992. The convention nominated President George H. W. Bush, and Vice President Dan Quayle for reelection. Former president Ronald Reagan made one of his last speeches at the convention.

1992 in the United States
United States Republican Party
United States presidential nominating conventions
20th century in Houston, Texas
1990s in Texas
August events
Juke Girl is a 1942 American crime drama mystery movie directed by Curtis Bernhardt. It stars Ann Sheridan and Ronald Reagan. It is set in Florida. It was released on May 30, 1942.

1942 movies
1940s crime movies
1940s drama movies
1940s mystery movies
American crime drama movies
American mystery movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Florida
Ronald Reagan
Movies directed by Curtis Bernhardt
The Marrying Man (also known as Too Hot to Handle) is a 1991 American romantic comedy movie. Kim Basinger plays Vicki. Alec Baldwin plays Charley. Elisabeth Shue plays Adele.

The movie received poor reviews from the critics. Basinger earned a Golden Raspberry Award nomination for Worst Actress.

Other websites
 

1991 comedy movies
1991 romance movies
1990s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Las Vegas
Jungle Fever is a 1991 American romance-drama movie set in New York City. This movie is about interracial romance and drug addiction. Wesley Snipes plays Flipper, a married African American architect who has an affair with Italian American Angie, played by Annabella Sciorra. Ruby Dee plays Flipper's mother Mrs Purify. Ossie Davis plays Flipper's father The Good Reverend Doctor. Samuel L. Jackson plays crack cocaine addict Gator. Halle Berry plays Gator's girlfriend Vivian.

This movie got mostly positive reviews from critics.

1991 drama movies
1991 romance movies
1990s romantic drama movies
Adultery in movies
American romantic drama movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies about interracial romance
Movies about prostitution
Movies directed by Spike Lee
Movies set in Brooklyn
Movies set in Manhattan
Screenplays by Spike Lee
Universal Pictures movies
Raymond Martin (born 22 May 1949) is a French retired professional cyclist. In the 1980 Tour de France he finished third overall and won the Polka dot jersey for being the best climber. He also competed in the individual road race at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

Palmarès 

1972
 National Amateur Road Race Championship
1974
GP Ouest-France
Lescouet-Jugon
Route Niveroise
1975
Paris–Camembert
1978
Grand Prix de Plumelec-Morbihan
Josselin
1979
Paris–Camembert
1980
Agon-Coutainville
Lescouet-Jugon
Trophée des Grimpeurs
1980 Tour de France:
Winner stage 13
 Winner mountains classification
3rd place overall classification
1982
1982 Tour de France:
8th place overall classification

References

Other websites
Official Tour de France results for Raymond Martin (cyclist)

1949 births
1972 Summer Olympics
French cyclists
French Olympians
Living people
People from Normandy
Tour de France cyclists
Bret Easton Ellis (born March 7, 1964) is an American writer. 

Ellis was born in Los Angeles, California to rich parents. He was raised in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles. He attended schools for the rich and famous. He also attended Bennington College.

His first novel was Less Than Zero in 1985. His next novel was The Rules of Attraction in 1987. 

Ellis's third novel was American Psycho in 1991. It made him famous. In 1998, it was still selling 25,000 copies a year. The book's hero is an investment banker and sadistic serial killer named Patrick Bateman. His violent acts are described in detail. The Los Angeles chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) called for a boycott of the book. NOW described it as "a how-to novel on the torture and dismemberment of women". Easton's publisher Simon and Schuster ended their contract with Ellis. Vintage Press bought and published the book. Ellis got several death threats,  but the book sold well. The novel was made into a movie in 2000. Christian Bale played the lead role.

In 1994, Easton's book of 13 related short stories, The Informers, was published. The stories were set in Los Angeles. Glamorama was published in 1998. Lunar Park was published in 2005.

Bibliography
 Less Than Zero (1985)
 The Rules of Attraction (1987)
 American Psycho (1991)
 The Informers (linked short stories, 1994)
 Glamorama (1998)
 Lunar Park (2005)

References 

1964 births
Living people
American novelists
Writers from Los Angeles
New Blood Rising was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Championship Wrestling (WCW). It was held on August 13, 2000 at Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver, British Columbia. New Blood Rising replaced Road Wild as WCW's August pay-per-view. The pay-per-view's name is a reference to the New Blood stable in WCW.

Matches

1"Canadian Rules" is that, instead of the traditional three-count, the referee has to use a five-count. After the five-count, the wrestler has to stay down for ten seconds. If both of the wrestlers are still down for a ten-count for any reason, the first man who gets to his feet wins the match. Also, there are no submissions and no count-outs.

2After he was not at the pay-per-view because of a (kayfabe) mysterious motorcycle accident, Goldberg did not show up until the middle of the match. Then, in a worked shoot, Goldberg would walk out on the match, because he apparently refused to take Kevin Nash's Jacknife Powerbomb.

References

2000 in professional wrestling
Sport in Vancouver
World Championship Wrestling
2000s in Canada
Nina Badrić (born 4 July 1972) is a Croatian pop singer. She was born in Zagreb, Croatia. At age 9 she started singing with the children's choir Zvjezdice. At age twenty she signed a singing contract. Her version of "I'm so Excited" from her second album was number one on pop charts in Italy,  Spain and France. Badric is one of the most award-winning Croatian musicians. While not commonly heard in the west, she is popular in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Slovenia and Turkey.

Discography

Studio albums 
 Godine nestvarne (Croatia, 1995)
 Personality (Zg Zoe Music, 1997)
 Unique (Croatia, 1999)
 Nina (Croatia, 2000)
 Ljubav (Aquarius, 2003)
 07 (Aquarius, 2007)
 NeBo (Aquarius, 2011)

References

Other websites
 Nina Badrić's page

1972 births
Living people

People from Zagreb
Pop singers
Leopold von Ranke (21 December 1795 – 23 May 1886) was a German historian. Modern history writing is greatly influenced by him. He made focusing on primary sources and international relations in history writing, popular.

Life
Ranke was born 21 December 1795 in Wiehe in Electoral Saxony. He was educated at local schools in Donndorf and Pforta. In 1814 he went to the University of Leipzig. He studied Classics and Lutheran theology. From 1817-1825 he was a Classics teacher. While teaching he became interested in history. In 1824 he released his first book: Geschichte der romanischen und germanischen Völker von 1494 bis 1514 (History of the Latin and Teutonic Peoples from 1494 to 1514). Ranke was a firm believer in historicism. For that reason he insisted on using primary sources.

University professor 
Ranke was a professor at the University of Berlin. He was a professor there for almost 50 years. While there he criticized the historical theories of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. He also advised his students to go to archives in search of sources. Because of this many think of him as the founder of a historical social science. Ranke retired as a professor in 1871, but still wrote history. In 1880 he started writing a book on world history, beginning in Ancient Egypt with the story of the Israelites. When he died in 1886 he had not finished his book, and had only written up to the 12th century.

Honors 
In 1831 the Prussian Government asked Ranke to start and edit the Historisch-Politische Zeitschrift journal. Ranke, who was conservative, sometimes used the journal to attack liberalism. In 1841 Ranke was made Royal Historiographer of the Prussian Court. In 1865 Ranke was made a noble, and in 1882 he was made a member of the Prussian Privy Council. In 1885 he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

References

1795 births
1886 deaths
German historians
Conservatives
Afro-Colombians are people who are from the country of Colombia and who have ancestors who are African. There is a large population of Colombians of African descent.

History 
Spanish colonists brought African slaves to Cartagena in the sixteenth century. They were purchased to replace the indigenous peoples who died under the harsh working conditions in the mines and on the plantations. The main slave port for the colony (then Granada) was Cartagena. By 1600 about 100,000 slaves had been brought to the colony. The rate increased after 1650 because of labor needed for the gold mines. Conditions were harsher for some slaves than others. Most were allowed to mine, farm and sell their goods for one day a week. The money they made could buy their freedom. Slave rebellions in the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries had slaves forming their own villages in uncontrolled areas. Slavery was abolished in 1851.

References 

Colombian people
Apex predators are predators with no natural predators of their own. They are at the top of their food chain.

Apex predators have big effects on the animals and plants lower down the food chain. If they become extinct in an area, many changes happen. In recent times, it is often humans who have removed top predators.

An example of apex predators affecting an ecosystem is in Yellowstone National Park. After the gray wolf was reintroduced, in 1995, researchers noticed big changes occurring in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.  Elk, the primary prey of the gray wolf, became less abundant and changed their behavior. This freed the riparian (river) zones from constant grazing.  This allowed willows, aspens, and cottonwoods to grow, so creating a habitat for beaver, moose, and scores of other species.  In addition to the effects on prey species, the gray wolf's presence also affected the park's grizzly bear, a vulnerable species.  The bears, emerging from hibernation, chose to scavenge off wolf kills after fasting for months.  They can also eat wolf kills in autumn to prepare for hibernation.  As grizzly bears give birth during hibernation, a greater food supply may improve the mother’s nutrition and increase the number of cubs.  Dozens of other species, including eagles, ravens, magpies, coyotes, and black bears, have been seen scavenging from wolf kills.

References 

Ecology