cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bourg-en-Bresse is a commune in the Ain department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in east France. It is the prefecture of the department and the capital of the arrondissement of Bourg-en-Bresse.

Geography
Bourg-en-Bresse is located at the western base of the Jura Mountains, on the left bank of the Reyssouze river, a  tributary  of the Saône.

The commune has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The distances from Bourg-en-Bresse to other cities are:
 Paris, the national capital - ;
 Lyon, the regional capital - ;
 Reims - ;
 Bordeaux - ;
 Toulouse - ;
 Montpellier - ;
 Strasbourg - ;
 Nantes - ;
 Marseille - .

The commune of Bourg-en-Bresse is surrounded by the communes Viriat, Jasseron, Saint-Just, Montagnat, Péronnas and Saint-Denis-lès-Bourg.

Climate
The climate of Bourg-en-Bresse, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Population
The inhabitants of Bourg-en-Bresse are known, in French, as Burgiens (women: Burgiennes''').

Bourg-en-Bresse has a population, in 2014, of 40,967 and its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Bourg-en-Bresse

Bourg-en-Bresse forms, with other 4 communes, the urban area of Bourg-en-Bresse with a population of 59,816 inhabitants (2014) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Bourg-en-Bresse, formed by 69 communes, with a population of 125,863 inhabitants (2014) and an area of .

Administration
Bourg-en-Bresse is the prefecture of the Ain department since 1800. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Bourg-en-Bresse and the administrative centre () of two cantons:
 Bourg-en-Bresse-1 formed by one commune and part of Bourg-en-Bresse, with 31,801 inhabitants (2014).
 Bourg-en-Bresse-2 formed by 3 communes and part of Bourg-en-Bresse, with 28,101 inhabitants (2014).

It is part of the intercommunality Bassin de Bourg-en-Bresse'' ().

Twinned and partner towns 
Bourg-en-Bresse is twinned with:
  Bad Kreuznach, Germany, since 1963

Additionally, it has established partnerships withː
  Parma, Italy, since 1990
  Namur, Belgium, since 1996
  Aylesbury, United Kingdom, since 2000
  El Kef, Tunisia, since 2000
  San Severo, Italy, since 2004
  Brzeg, Poland, since 2006

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Bourg-en-Bresse
 Communes of the Ain department

References

Other websites

 City council website 

Communes in Ain
Departmental capitals in France
Corning  is a city in the US state of Arkansas.  It is in Clay County.

Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Crossett  is a city in the US state of Arkansas.

The population was 5,518 at the 2008 mark.

Cities in Arkansas
Dardanelle is a city in Yell County, Arkansas, United States. It is near Lake Dardanelle.

The population was 4,228 at the 2000 census. Along with Danville, it is one of two county seats for Yell County.

References

Other websites
 
 Dardanelle Chamber of Commerce
 City of Dardanelle Arkansas Portal style website, Government, Business, Library, Recreation and more
 City-Data.com Comprehensive Statistical Data and more about Dardanelle

Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
El Dorado  is a city in the US state of Arkansas.

Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Château-Gaillard is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department  in the centre-east of France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ain department

Other websites

Communes in Ain
Fort Smith is a city in the US state of Arkansas. It is one of the two county seats of Sebastian County.

Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Sebastian County, Arkansas
Fountain Lake is a town of Garland County in the state of Arkansas in the United States.

Towns in Arkansas
Friendship is a town of Hot Spring County in the state of Arkansas, in the United States.

Towns in Arkansas
Fulton County is a county found in Arkansas. About 11,600 people were living in Fulton County as of 2000. The county seat is Salem.

Cities and towns

Other websites

Arkansas counties
1842 establishments in Arkansas
Druillat is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department  in the east of France.

Communes in Ain
France
Échenevex is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department  in the east of France.

Communes in Ain
Hampton  is a city in the state of Arkansas in United States. It is the county seat of Calhoun County.

Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Gex () is a commune in the Ain department. It is  in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in east France. Gex is the capital of the arrondissement of Gex and of the historical region Pays de Gex.

It is  from the Swiss border and  from Geneva.

Geography
The area of Gex is . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The distances from Gex to other cities are:

 Paris, the national capital - ;
 Lyon, the regional capital - ;
 Reims - ;
 Bordeaux - ;
 Toulouse - ;
 Montpellier - ;
 Strasbourg - ;
 Nantes - ;
 Marseille - .

Climate
The climate of Gex, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Population
The inhabitants of Gex are known, in French, as Gexois (women: Gexoises''').

Gex's population, in 2014 was 11,141 and its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Gex

Administration
Gex is a subprefecture of the Ain department and the capital of the arrondissement of Gex in the same department. It is also the capital of the canton of Gex, formed by 7 communes (29,557 inhabitants) (2014)

It is part of the intercommunality Pays de Gex''.

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Gex
 Communes of the Ain department

References

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Ain
Jacksonville  is a city in the U.S. state of Arkansas.

Cities in Arkansas
Pulaski County, Arkansas
1870 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Arkansas
Jonesboro  is a city in the US state of Arkansas.

Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Lake Village is a city in Chicot County, Arkansas in the United States.

Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Leachville  is a city in the US state of Arkansas. In 2000, there were 1981 people living in Leachville.

References

Cities in Arkansas
L'Abergement-Clémenciat is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.

Communes in Ain
Lowell  is a city in the US state of Arkansas. About 5,000 people were living in Lowell as of the year 2000.

Geography
Lowell is located at  (36.260429, -94.139570).

References

Cities in Arkansas
Magazine  is a city in the US state of Arkansas.  It is in Logan County.

Cities in Arkansas
Malvern  is a city in the US state of Arkansas.

Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Mammoth Spring is a city in Fulton County, Arkansas, United States.

Cities in Arkansas
Matafelon-Granges is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department  in the east of France.
Meillonnas is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department  in the east of France.
Mérignat is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department  in the east of France.
Messimy-sur-Saône is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department  in the east of France.
Montmerle-sur-Saône is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department  in the east of France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ain department

Other websites
Nantua is a commune in the Ain department. It is found in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in  the east of France and is the capital of the arrondissement of Nantua.

Geography
The commune of Nantua has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The distances from Nantua to other cities are:

 Paris, the national capital - ;
 Lyon, the regional capital - ;
 Reims - ;
 Bordeaux - ;
 Toulouse - ;
 Montpellier - ;
 Strasbourg - ;
 Nantes - ;
 Marseille - .

Climate
The climate of Nantua, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Population
The inhabitants of Nantua are known, in French, as Nantuatiens (women: Nantuatiennes).

Nantua has a population, in 2014, of 3,534 and its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Nantua

Administration
Nantua is a subprefecture of the Ain department and the capital of the arrondissement of Nantua in the same department. It is also the capital of the canton of Nantua, formed by 18 communes (21,477 inhabitants) (2014)

It is part of the intercommunality Haut Bugey.

Twinned and partner towns 
Nantua is twinned with:
  Brembilla, Italy, since 2011.

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Nantua
 Communes of the Ain department

References

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Ain
Neuville-sur-Ain is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department  in the east of France.
Maumelle  is a city in the U.S. state of Arkansas.

Cities in Arkansas
Pulaski County, Arkansas
Mena  is a city in the US state of Arkansas.

Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Mountainburg is a city in Crawford County, Arkansas, in the United States.

Cities in Arkansas
Natural Steps  is an unincorporated census-designated place in the U.S. state of Arkansas.

Census-designated places in Arkansas
Pulaski County, Arkansas
North Little Rock is a city in the U.S. state of Arkansas.

Cities in Arkansas
Pulaski County, Arkansas
Pont-de-Veyle is a commune. It is found in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in the Ain department in the east of France. It is 10 kilometers east of Mâcon, and about 400 km from Paris. In 1999, there were 1571 people living in the commune. It is built on an island made where the River Veyle separates into two branches. The Veyle then flows into the River Saône, which was made the border between the Kingdom of France and the German Empire in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun.

History
Pont-de-Veyle was first started by the Lords of Bage, and legally made a city by the Counts of Savoy in 1275. It only became French in 1601 under King Henri IV of France as part of the Treaty of Lyon.

Because it was close to the border, this city had to build a castle to defend themselves against the Lords of Macon, the Sires of Beaujeu and the Princes of Dombes. The castle had 14 towers, but today only one remains, the Clock Tower and a doorway from the 14th century, joined by brick walls. Today there is very little left of these walls. The castle was surrounded by a moat filled with water. From 1750 to 1800, they pulled down the city walls and towers that had become dangerous and were about to fall down.

There are many old and historic buildings from the Renaissance and later centuries. The "Savoy" or "House of Lords", whose facade was restored, is one of the most beautiful in the region. There is a priory of Saint Benedict with its Gothic doors. There are many half-timbered houses, such as "The House of the Watchman", which was redeveloped with great care and taste. There are also many spiral staircases of stone, including one at City Hall which was part of the former College of the Jesuits. The Jesuit style church was built in 1755. The hospital which was started in 1322, still has 18th century buildings.

After the Reformation and the religious wars there was a large group of Protestants living in the city. When the Edict of Nantes, a law which gave them religious freedom, was overturned, they fled the city and went to live in Switzerland and Germany.

Jean-Louis Carra, a French journalist and revolutionary, was born in Pont-de-Veyle on 9 March 1742. He was executed by the guillotine in Paris on 31 October, 1793.

References
Rancé is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department  in the east of France.
Peach Orchard is a city of Clay County in the state of Arkansas in the United States.

Cities in Arkansas
Piggott  is a city in the US state of Arkansas. In 2000 there were about 3,900 people living in Piggott which is the largest city in Clay County. The town was first called Huston, but was later named Piggott after Dr. James Piggott, an early resident. In 1956 the town was used as the main location in Elia Kazan's movie, A Face in the Crowd, starring Lee Remick and Andy Griffith.

Hemingway
American author Ernest Hemingway  visited Piggot many times during the 1930s. His second wife's parents,  Paul and Mary Pfeiffer, lived in Piggott. They converted a barn into a studio where Hemingway could write. He wrote a lot of his novel A Farewell to Arms in the studio. The house and barn are now the Hemingway-Pfeiffer Museum and Educational Center which is run by Arkansas State University.

References

Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Skateboarding is the act of riding on a skateboard and doing tricks that very difficult. A person who skateboards is most often called a "skateboarder". 

Skateboarding can be a hobby, an art, a job, or a way of moving around. Skateboarding has been changed by many skateboarders over many years. A 2002 report by American Sports Data found that there were 18.5 million skateboarders in the world. Of those skateboarders, 85 percent were under 18 years old, and 74 percent were male.

History
Skateboarding started when surfers in California wanted to take surfing to the street. Soon, the first skateboard was invented in the 1950s.  From there, the new culture of skateboarding was created.

Tricks
The basic tricks of skateboarding are ollies, kickflips, shuv-its, and 180s ("one-eighties"). These are the tricks that new skateboarders often try. An "ollie" is when someone pops the board and gets off the ground. A kickflip is done by doing an ollie and rotating the board. A "shuv-it" is done by turning the board 180° while staying above the board. A "180" is done by turning the board 180°, along with the skateboarder. There are also variations of these tricks, such as the "tre flip", which is a 360° shuv-it and a kickflip. There are many other tricks such as manuals, slides, grinds, grabs, slappy grinds, footplants/plants, and nollie flips.

References

Skateboarding
Saint-Rambert-en-Bugey is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ain department

Other websites

  Office de Tourism in Saint-Rambert-en-Bugey
Salem is a city in Fulton County, Arkansas, United States.  It is the county seat of Fulton County.

County seats in Arkansas
Cities in Arkansas
Saline County  is a county of the state of Arkansas in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 107,118. The county seat is Benton. Saline County was founded on November 2, 1835.

References 

Arkansas counties
1835 establishments in Arkansas Territory
Thoiry is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department  in the east of France.
Sherwood  is a city in the U.S. state of Arkansas.

References

Cities in Arkansas
Pulaski County, Arkansas
Texarkana  is a city in the US state of Arkansas. It has around 30,000 residents as of 2021. It is in Miller County.

Cities in Arkansas
Ark-La-Tex
County seats in Arkansas
Viola is a town in Fulton County in the state of Arkansas in the United States.

Towns in Arkansas
Waldron  is a city in the US state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 3,618. It is the county seat of Scott County.

References

Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Scott County, Arkansas
Walnut Ridge  is a city in the US state of Arkansas. It has a population of 4,925.

In 1964, the Beatles visited the city at the height of their popularity.  It was a brief stop on the Beatles' American tour. They landed at the city's airport to spend the weekend at a local dude ranch.  The city has built a sculpture to commemorate the visit. The city also holds a festival to remember the Beatles' visit.

Johnny Cash and Elvis Presley performed in the city early in their careers.

The town is located on U.S. Route 67 which is named "Rock 'N Roll Highway."

References

Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Weiner  is a city in the US state of Arkansas.  It is in Poinsett County.

Cities in Arkansas
White Hall  is a city in the US state of Arkansas.  It is in Jefferson County, Arkansas.

Cities in Arkansas
Winslow  is a city in the US state of Arkansas.  It is in Washington County.

People
John Joshua Webb, Old West gunman died while living in Winslow in 1882 during a smallpox epidemic
Douglas C. Jones Western historical writer, born in Winslow
Maude Duncan

Cities in Arkansas
The Bouncing Souls are a punk rock band from New Brunswick, New Jersey that formed in 1987. The band's name is a reference to Doc Martens shoes.

History 
Before joining the group, all four of the original members grew up in Basking Ridge, NJ and played in smaller bands during high school.

In 1994, they released their first album on their own label, Chunksaah Records. They signed with Epitaph in 1997.

Current members 
 Greg Attonito - vocals (1988–present)
 Pete Steinkopf - guitar (1988–present)
 Bryan Kienlen - bass (1988–present)
 George Rebelo - drums (2013–present)

Past members 
 Shal Khichi - drums (1988–2000)
 Michael McDermott - drums (2000–2013)

Discography 
Studio albums
 The Good, The Bad & The Argyle (1994)
 Maniacal Laughter (1996)
 The Bouncing Souls (1997)
 Hopeless Romantic (1999)
 How I Spent My Summer Vacation (2001)
 Anchors Aweigh (2003)
 The Gold Record (2006)
 Ghosts on the Boardwalk (2010)
 Comet (2012)

EPs
 The Greenball Crew (1993)
 Tie One On (1998)
 Fight to Live (1999)
 Gone (2001)

Splits
 BYO Split Series, Vol. 4 (With Anti-Flag) (2002)

7" Records
 Ugly Bill (1991) (pressed on black and also transparent green wax)
 "The Argyle e.p." (1993) (pressed on black, yellow, green, and red wax, some had green and yellow covers)
 "Tales Of Doomed Romance" (1994) (split EP with the band Buglite pressed on red and black wax)
 "Neurotic" (1994) (pressed on black and yellow wax)
 "Bouncing Souls/Weston split" (1994) (pressed on black and red wax)
 "Split EP" (1995) (pressed on black with the bands basic skills, youth gone mad, and the reviled, some have red stamped cover some black)
 "Johnny X" (1995) (pressed on black wax)
 "Fight to Live" (1999) (pressed on orange wax, distributed by epitaph Europe)
 "Tales Of Doomed Romance" (2001) (reissued split EP with the band ZeroZero pressed on yellow and black wax)
 "Bouncing Souls/Lucky Stiffs Split" (2005) (pressed on splatter wax and 1500 picture disks)

Live and Compilation albums
 The Bad the Worse and the Out of Print (2002)
 Live (2005)

DVDs
 Do You Remember? 15 Years of the Bouncing Souls (2003)
 Live at the Glasshouse (2005)

Other websites
Official website

American punk bands
Musical groups established in 1988
Musical groups from New Jersey
New Brunswick, New Jersey
1988 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in New Jersey
Leedsichthys problematicus ("leeds fish") was a giant fossil fish of the Jurassic period. It was a pachycormid, a group of extinct ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii). Leedsichthys is the largest fish known, with an estimated length of up to 16 meters. The blue whale is twice as long, at 30 metres, but that is a mammal, not a fish.

Leedsichthys fossils are incomplete, making it impossible to know the exact length. The fossil is named after its discoverer, Alfred Nicholson Leeds, who discovered it before 1886 near Peterborough, England. No full fossil is known, mainly because parts of the skeleton were made of cartilage, which does not fossilise.
The front of the snout was made of cartilage.

Food
Like the world's biggest fish today, the whale shark,  Leedsichthys was a filter feeder, getting its nutrition from plankton. Remains of over 70 individuals have been found.

References 

Extinct fish
Fossils
Jurassic
The Polynesian rat, or Pacific rat (Rattus exulans), known to the Māori as kiore, is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat. The Polynesian rat originates in Southeast Asia but, like its cousins, has become well travelled - infiltrating most Polynesian islands including New Zealand, Fiji, and Hawaii.

Old World rats and mice
Michael Greg "Mike" Mizanin (born October 8, 1980), is an American professional wrestler, reality television star, and actor. He currently competes for the WWE, where he wrestles under the ring name The Miz, where he is the current WWE Intercontinental Champion in his seventh reign. Before joining the WWE, The Miz was a cast member on MTV's The Real World: Back to New York and its spinoff series, Real World/Road Rules Challenge. He was also the first runner-up during the fourth season of WWE's Tough Enough.

The Miz is a one-time WWE Champion, seven-time Intercontinental Champion, two-time United States Champion, three-time WWE Tag Team Champion with John Morrison, Big Show, and John Cena, two-time World Tag Team Champion with John Morrison and Big Show, Raw's Mr. Money in the Bank in 2010, two-time Slammy Award winner and the 25th Triple Crown Champion.

Championships
Deep South Wrestling
DSW Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Ohio Valley Wrestling
OVW Southern Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Chris Cage)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (2011)
He was ranked #1 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the "PWI 500" in 2011.

World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE
WWE Championship (one time)
WWE Intercontinental Championship (seven times)
WWE United States Championship (two times)
WWE Tag Team Championship (four times) (with John Morrison (1), Big Show (1), and John Cena (1))
World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with John Morrison (1) and Big Show (1))
Money in the Bank (2010)
Slammy Award for Best WWE.com Exclusive in 2008 (with John Morrison)
Slammy Award for Tag Team of the Year in 2008 (with John Morrison)
25th Triple Crown Champion

Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Most Improved Wrestler (2008, 2009)
Tag Team of the Year (2008)

References

Other websites

WWE profile

1980 births
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Ohio
WWE wrestlers
Steve Borden (born March 20, 1959), is an American professional wrestler, actor, author and former bodybuilder. He is better known by his ring name Sting. He is currently under contract with All Elite Wrestling (AEW). He is best known for his time with the former World Championship Wrestling (WCW), World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

During his time with WCW, he was known as "The Franchise (of WCW)". He is also known as "The Stinger", "The Icon", "The Man Called (or They Call) Sting", and "The Vigilante". Also, during a time in 2011, he went through a Joker (a character played by the late Heath Ledger in movie The Dark Knight in 2008) phase that was dubbed "The Insane Icon". He held a total of 15 championships in WCW. This includes the WCW World Heavyweight Championship six times, the WCW International World Heavyweight Championship two times, and the NWA World Heavyweight Championship one time. He has appeared on more PPVs in WCW than any other wrestler. When the WWF bought WCW in March 2001, Sting decided to not sign with them.

Sting joined Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) in 2003. Throughout his 11 years with the company, Sting was a one-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion, a four-time TNA World Heavyweight Champion, a one-time TNA World Tag Team Champion with Kurt Angle, and was inducted into the TNA Hall of Fame in 2012.

Sting made his WWE debut on November 23, 2014. He attacked Triple H and cost Team Authority the match. Sting faced Triple H at WrestleMania 31. He lost but shook Triple H's hand after the match.

Personal life
He became a born-again Christian in August 1998. Sting has two sons, Garrett Lee and Steve, Jr. and a daughter named Gracie. After the 2015 NFL draft, his son Steven was invited by the Kansas City Chiefs to try out for the team at the rookie mini-camp.

References

Other websites

Official website 

 Sting's TNA profile 

1959 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Omaha, Nebraska
American professional wrestlers
AEW wrestlers
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
Former WWE wrestlers
Bodybuilders
American Christians
Bisham (said "Bissam") is a village in Windsor and Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, UK. It is on River Thames. Across the river is Marlow in Buckinghamshire. In 2001 there were 1,149 people living in Bisham.

References 

Towns in Berkshire
Civil parishes in Berkshire
Windsor and Maidenhead
Auvare is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.

Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
Results
!Dark Match: Ric Flair and Carlito defeated Chavo Guerrero and Gregory Helms
Tag team Lumberjack match
Mr. Kennedy defeated Edge, CM Punk, King Booker (managed by Queen Sharmell, Jeff Hardy, Matt Hardy, Finlay and Randy Orton
Money in the Bank Ladder match
The Great Khali defeated Kane
Chris Benoit defeated Montel Vontavious Porter to retain the WWE United States Championship
The Undertaker defeated Batista to win the World Heavyweight Championship
The ECW Original (Tommy Dreamer, Sabu, The Sandman and Rob Van Dam) defeated The New Breed (Elijah Burke, Marcus Cor Von, Matt Striker and Kevin Thorn) (managed by Ariel)
8-man tag team match
Bobby Lashley (managed by Donald Trump defeated Umaga (managed by Vince McMahon)
Hair Vs Hair match, with Special guest referee Steve Austin
Melina defeated Ashely Massaro to retain the WWE Women's Championship
Lumberjill match
John Cena defeated Shawn Michaels to retain the WWE Championship
John Cena's entrance was with a Mustang driven through the streets of Detroit, he then made Michaels tap out to the stfu marking Cena's second WrestleMania win by submission and the dx members,

Sports in Detroit, Michigan
WrestleMania
2007 in professional wrestling
2007 in the United States
2000s in Detroit, Michigan

no:WrestleMania#WrestleMania 23
Gorbio is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.

Related pages
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
Saint-Auban is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.

Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
Saint-Dalmas-le-Selvage is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.

Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
Saint-Étienne-de-Tinée is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.

Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
Sigale is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.

Related pages
 Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References
INSEE commune file

Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
Ambulocetus ("walking whale") was an early amphibious cetacean. It could walk as well as swim. Ambulocetus natans lived from the early Eocene (50 to 48 million years ago). Its fossils have been found in Pakistan. When the animal was alive, Pakistan was a coastal region of India, which was then a large island in the Indian Ocean.

Description 

It looked like a 3-meter (10-foot) long mammalian crocodile. It was clearly amphibious: its back legs are better adapted for swimming than for walking on land, and it probably swam by undulating its back vertically, as otters and whales do.

Ambulocetids may have hunted like crocodiles, lurking in the shallows to snatch unsuspecting prey. Chemical analysis of its teeth shows that it was able to move between salt and fresh water. Ambulocetus did not have external ears. To detect prey on land, they may have lowered their heads to the ground and felt for vibrations.

Scientists consider Ambulocetus to be an early whale because it shares underwater adaptations with them. It had an adaptation in the nose that enabled it to swallow underwater, and its periotic bones had a structure like those of whales, enabling it to hear well underwater. In addition, its teeth are similar to those of early cetaceans.

One mostly complete specimen and several partial skeletons have been found in Pakistan.

Related pages 
Pakicetus

References 

Fossils
Cetaceans
Bassersdorf is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Zurich. It can be found in the district of Bülach.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Zürich
Cities in Switzerland
Maurice Duruflé  (born Louviers, 11 January 1902;  died Louveciennes,   16 June 1986) was a French composer and organist.  He was very self-critical and destroyed any of his compositions that he thought were not really good.  This is why we now only have a small number of his works.  He wrote choral music and music for the organ.  His most famous work is his Requiem.

Life 
Duruflé was born in Louviers, Haute-Normandie.  In 1912, he joined the choir of Rouen Cathedral where he studied piano and organ.  When he was 17 he went to Paris and had private organ lessons with Charles Tournemire.  He became Tournemire’s assistant at the Basilique Ste-Clotilde, Paris until 1927. In 1920 Duruflé went to study at the Conservatoire de Paris.  His organ teacher was Eugène Gigout. When he graduated he got first prizes in organ, harmony, piano accompaniment, and composition. 

In 1929 Duruflé became organist at St. Étienne-du-Mont in Paris, a job he kept for the rest of his life.  

In 1939, he gave the first performance of Francis Poulenc's Organ Concerto.  In 1943 he became professor of harmony at the Conservatoire de Paris, where he worked until 1970.  In 1947, Duruflé wrote his famous Requiem op. 9, for soloists, choir, organ and orchestra.  In the same year Marie-Madeleine Chevalier became his assistant organist at St-Étienne-du-Mont. They married in 1953 after Duruflé divorced his first wife.  The couple often travelled together to give organ recitals together.  They always spent many hours practising on the organs on which they had to perform, often practising a lot of the time without the sound so that their fingers were really used to the feel of the organ.

In 1975 Duruflé was badly hurt in a car accident and had to give up performing.  His wife, who was not so badly hurt in the accident, was still able to play and continued to play the organ at St-Étienne-du-Mont.

Duruflé died in Louveciennes (near Paris) in 1986, aged 84.

Duruflé only left a few of his works for publication.  His two important organ works are the Suite, op. 5  which has a famous Toccata as last movement, and his Prelude and Fugue sur le nom d'Alain.  His Requiem remains a favourite work for choirs.  Duruflé’s music uses Gregorian plainchant, modal harmonies and polyphonic writing.  He was a great admirer of the music of Louis Vierne and Charles Tournemire and he made transcriptions of some of their improvisations.

Other websites 
 Association de Maurice et Marie-Madeleine Duruflé 
 http://www.requiemsurvey.org/composers.php?id=274

References

1902 births
1986 deaths
20th-century French composers
French organists
The Sala São Paulo is a concert hall in the Julio Prestes Cultural Center in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. It is a very large building.  The Cultural Center used to be a railway station and it was rebuilt and changed into a cultural centre in 1999.

Sala São Paulo is big enough for an audience of 1.498 people.  The orchestra that perform there is the Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo (Osesp).

The Brazilian government wanted to bring more culture to the centre of São Paulo.  The rebuilding began in November 1997. 

The original train station was called Julio Prestes Station.  It was built between 1926 and 1938 so that trains could take coffee to the port of Santos.   When motor car transport became more and more popular many stations connecting Brazilian towns closed down.

The station's large hall was the same shape as many 19th century concert halls, that is, it is shaped like a horse shoe.  

Sala São Paulo has 22 balconies and a ceiling that is 24 meters high.  There is a very large platform so that everyone in the audience can see well.  There is an elevator to lift the piano on and off the stage and many other useful modern devices.

Other websites
 Official web site

Concert halls
Buildings and structures in Brazil
São Paulo
1999 establishments
1990s establishments in Brazil
New Sweden (, ) was a Swedish colony in North America that existed from 1638 through 1655. It was in the modern day states of Delaware, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Its capital was Fort Christina, modern-day Wilmington.

New Sweden was captured by the Dutch in 1655, and incorporated into New Netherland.

References

Other websites

1638 establishments in North America
History of Delaware
History of Sweden
History of New Jersey
History of Pennsylvania
1655 disestablishments
World Chess Champions are players who have won a match or tournament for the World Championship at chess. Both men and women can become champion, but no woman has ever been a challenger for the title. There is, however, a separate championship for women. There are also separate championships for specific age groups.

Before 1886, there was no official championship held, but some players were thought to be pre-eminent. From 1948 on, the World Chess Federation FIDE held the championships. Between 1993 and 2006 there were two world champion titles, the FIDE one and the classical one.

The 2013 World Championship match took place between Anand and Magnus Carlsen (challenger) in Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, where Anand grew up. Usually, world champions had been played on neutral ground. Fischer played Spassky in Iceland; Alekhine played Capablanca in Buenos Aires. The Soviets always played in Moscow. However, sponsorship is needed for these matches, and the decision to accept the Chennai bid was taken by FIDE. The Challenger was victorious winning 3 games and achieving the necessary 6.5 points to win the title at the end of game 10. Magnus Carlsen (b. 1990 and from Norway) is therefore the current World Chess Champion.

Some players and authors before 1821 
These players are included (pre-18th century) on little more than opinion, and (18th century) on the basis of more substantial information. Some authors of important early works on chess are noted.

World Champions pre-FIDE 
These players are included on the basis of their winning matches against credible opponents. Champions are numbered from Steinitz onwards, because his match against Zukertort was publicly declared as a world championship and generally accepted.

FIDE world champions 1948–1993 
Long matches, initially best of 24 games.

FIDE world champions 1993–2006 
These knock-out events are separately numbered.

Classical world champions 1993–2006 
These are matches of the traditional kind, and of 15 or 20 games.

Undisputed world champions 2006–present 
Various formats have been used, especially during Carlsen's tenure.

Women's World Champions

Related pages
 List of chess Grandmasters

References 

Chess lists
Phosgene is the chemical compound with the formula COCl2.  This gas has no color. The gas was used as a weapon during World War I. It is responsible for most of the deaths related to poison gas during the war. Today, phosgene is used as a tool. It is used for organic synthesis.  When there is a small amount in the air, the smell is similar to that of freshly cut hay or grass.  Some soldiers during the First World War have stated that it smelled a little like May Blossom.  When some compounds of  chlorine burn or break down, small amounts of phosgene are given off.

Uses 
Today, most phosgene is used to produce isocyanates. The most important isocanates in this context are toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Both are precursors to polyurethanes. Large amounts are also used to produce polycarbonates. Polycarbonate is produced from its reaction with bisphenol A.  Polycarbonates are an important class of engineering thermoplastic. They can be found in lenses in eyeglasses.

Safety
Phosgene is a strong poison. Its smell may not be noticed. Signs of exposure may sometimes be detected slowly.
Phosgene can be seen at 0.4 parts per million.  This amount is four times the safe amount.  Its high ability to poison doesn't come from the hydrogen chloride released by a process. It comes from the action of the phosgene on the proteins in the pulmonary sac of the lungs.  The sacs are where the oxygen goes into the body. Their damage makes it hard for the blood and air move oxygen and carbon.  This will make breathing very hard.  Badges are worn by those at risk of exposure.

Sodium bicarbonate may be used to make spills of phosgene harmless. Gas spills may be made harmless with a special liquid spray.

Other websites 
 Davy's account of his discovery of phosgene
 International Chemical Safety Card 0007
 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
 U.S. CDC Emergency Preparedness & Response 
 U.S. EPA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels
 Regime For Schedule 3 Chemicals And Facilities Related To Such Chemicals , OPCW website
 CBWInfo website 
 Use of Phosgene in WWII and in modern-day warfare (Refer to Section 4.C of the article)
 Phosgene -Citizendium

References

Chemical compounds
Yeh (in Russian and Belarusian) or Eh (in Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) (Е, е) is the sixth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [e] or [ɛ], except in Russian and Belarusian, where it is said as [yeh] at the beginning of the word and as a palatised (soft) [yeh] in other cases.

It came from the Greek epsilon and is the same as the Roman E.

Related pages
 Epsilon (letter)
 E
Phosgene oxime, also called dichloroformoxime or CX, is a chemical weapon, and a nettle agent that damages skin and other body parts. It was first made in the year 1929.  When it is solid, it has no color. When it is liquid, it is yellow-brown. It has a strong, very bad odor.  The chemical formula phosgene oxime is CCl2NOH.

This chemical has no real use, so accidental exposure is does not happen often. Exposure to CX is almost certainly the result of its use as a weapon.

Signs of phosgene oxime poisoning
Phosgene oxime is toxic if breathed, eaten, or placed on the skin or by the skin. In a very short time, the signs of poisoning are seen. If breathed, it harms the lungs and may eventually lead to pulmonary edema. The effects on the skin include hives, itching, and necrosis of the skin. It also causes watering of the eyes and even can cause blindness.

Other websites
 EMedicine: Urticants, Phosgene Oxime
 Center for the Study of Bioterrorism: Phosgene Oxime 
 Centers for Disease Control: Facts About Phosgene Oxime 
 Virtual Naval Hospital: Phosgene Oxime 

Chemical compounds
Chemical warfare
Pianoro is a town of the province of Bologna in Italy.

References

Other websites 
 Official Site

Pianoro
Settlements in Emilia-Romagna
Zheh (Ж, ж) is the seventh (eighth in Russian) letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like Zh, or the S in treasure or vision.

It came from the Glagolitic letter "zhivete". In English, it is transliterated as zh. In other slavic languages like Ž.
The city limits are boundaries that define where a city ends. The words town limits and village limits mean the same thing as city limits, but are used in towns and villages.  The limits are usually marked with a sign.

Government
The European Capital of Culture is a city chosen by the European Union for a period of one calendar year. The city is given a chance to show its cultural life and cultural development. Most of the cities are very popular and are known internationally (by people around the world).

List of by year

Past years

Future years 
According to the official  EU website. From 2014 to 2020, these are only the countries have been chosen, based on the rotation system.

References 

 García, B. (2005) “De-constructing the City of Culture: The long term cultural legacies of Glasgow 1990” in: Review Issue of Urban Studies (vol 42, n5/6) (pp. 1–28)
 García, B. (2004) “Cultural Policy in European Cities: Lessons from Experience, Prospects for the Future” in: Special edition on Cultural Policy and Regeneration, Local Economy (vol 19, n4) (pp. 312–326)
 García, B. (2004) “Urban Regeneration, Arts Programming and Major events: Glasgow 1990, Sydney 2000 and Barcelona 2004” in: Gibson, L. & Stevenson, D. (Eds) Special Issue of the International Journal of Cultural Policy: Urban Space and the Uses of Culture (vol 10, n 1) (pp. 103–118)

Other websites 
 European Cultural Capitals and Months

European Union
Cultural geography
Japan Soccer League (JSL)  used to be an amateur football league in Japan.

Champions

Division 1

Division 2

References

Football leagues
Defunct sports leagues
1965 establishments in Asia
1990s disestablishments in Japan
1960s establishments in Japan
Pierre Littbarski (born April 16, 1960) is a former German football player. He has played for the German national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1978/79||rowspan="8"|Köln||rowspan="8"|Bundesliga||16||4
|-
|1979/80||34||7
|-
|1980/81||32||6
|-
|1981/82||33||15
|-
|1982/83||34||16
|-
|1983/84||33||17
|-
|1984/85||28||16
|-
|1985/86||24||8

|-
|1986/87||RC Paris||Division 1||32||4
|-
|1987/88||Matra Racing||Division 1||2||0

|-
|1987/88||rowspan="6"|Köln||rowspan="6"|Bundesliga||31||8
|-
|1988/89||30||5
|-
|1989/90||34||8
|-
|1990/91||15||2
|-
|1991/92||36||1
|-
|1992/93||26||3

|-
|1993||rowspan="2"|JEF United Ichihara||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||35||9
|-
|1994||28||1
|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Brummell Sendai||rowspan="2"|Football League||27||5
|-
|1997||2||0
406||116
34||4
92||15
532||135
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1981||2||3
|-
|1982||15||5
|-
|1983||8||0
|-
|1984||3||0
|-
|1985||10||4
|-
|1986||7||0
|-
|1987||6||3
|-
|1988||8||0
|-
|1989||4||2
|-
|1990||10||1
|-
!Total||73||18
|}

Other websites
 National Football Teams
 RSSSF

1960 births
Living people
German footballers
German football managers
Sportspeople from Berlin
MSV Duisburg managers
Patrick Mboma (born 15 November 1970) is a former Cameroonian football player. He has played for Cameroon national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Paris Saint-Germain||rowspan="2"|Division 1||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1991/92||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="2"|Châteauroux||Division 2||19||5||||||||||19||5
|-
|1993/94||National||29||17||||||||||29||17
|-
|1994/95||Paris Saint-Germain||Division 1||8||1||||||||||8||1
|-
|1995/96||Metz||Division 1||17||4||||||||||17||4
|-
|1996/97||Paris Saint-Germain||Division 1||8||1||||||||||8||1

|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||28||25||1||0||5||4||34||29
|-
|1998||6||4||0||0||0||0||6||4

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Cagliari||rowspan="2"|Serie A||13||7||||||||||13||7
|-
|1999/00||27||8||||||||||27||8
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Parma||rowspan="2"|Serie A||20||5||||||||||20||5
|-
|2001/02||4||0||||||||||4||0

|-
|2001/02||Sunderland||Premier League||9||1||||||||||9||1

|-
|2002/03||Al-Ittihad Tripoli||Premier League||28||12||||||||||28||12

|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||23||13||3||0||3||3||29||16
|-
|2004||12||4||0||0||5||4||17||8
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||6||2||0||0||0||0||6||2
|-
|2005||4||0||0||0||0||0||4||0
83||28||||||||||83||28
79||48||4||0||13||11||96||59
64||20||||||||||64||20
9||1||||||||||9||1
28||12||||||||||28||12
263||109||4||0||13||11||280||120
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||1||1
|-
|1997||10||6
|-
|1998||8||1
|-
|1999||4||3
|-
|2000||9||9
|-
|2001||9||4
|-
|2002||10||5
|-
|2003||1||0
|-
|2004||4||4
|-
!Total||57||33
|}

References

1970 births
Living people
Cameroonian footballers
or   is part of the Japanese football club system.

J2 League is the second grouping of .

Club guide 

There are 20+ Division 2 (J2) teams.

The list of clubs in the league has changed over time.  In 2013, the J2 teams are: 

 
 Avispa Fukuoka
 Consadole Sapporo
 Ehime F.C.
 Fagiano Okayama
 F.C. Gifu
 Gainare Tottori
 Gamba Osaka
 Giravanz Kitakyushu
 JEF United Ichihara Chiba
 Kataller Toyama
 Kyoto Sanga F.C.

 Matsumoto Yamaga F.C.
 Mito Hollyhock
 Montedio Yamagata
 Roasso Kumamoto
 Thespa Kusatsu
 Tochigi S.C.
 Tokushima Vortis
 Tokyo Verdy
 Vissel Kobe
 V-Varen Nagasaki
 Yokohama F.C.

Champions

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 J. League Division 1
 Japan Football League
 Japanese Regional Leagues
 List of J. League players

References

Other websites
 http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/tv/sportsjapan/archives201209110600.html 

Football leagues
Football in Japan
1999 establishments in Japan
The  also known as simply the JFL is the 4th tier of the Japanese association football league system, positioned beneath three divisions of the J.League, and is the top tier of amateur football in the country.

JFL has 18 amateur or semi-professional clubs which mirror the system of teams and athletes of the J-League.  Promotion from JFL to the J-League is possible, but not automatic.

Club guide

The JFL has 17 teams.  In 2012, the teams are:

Blaublitz Akita
Fujieda MYFC
Honda F.C.
Honda Lock S.C.
Hoyo A.C. Elan Oita
Kamatamare Sanuki 
MIO Biwako Kusatsu
AC Nagano Parceiro
F.C. Ryūkyū

Sagawa Printing S.C.
Sagawa Shiga F.C.
Sony Sendai F.C.
Tochigi Uva F.C.
V-Varen Nagasaki 
Yokogawa Musashino F.C.
Yokohama Sports and Culture Club
Zweigen Kanazawa

In 2012, Arte Takasaki was removed from the list of JFL teams.

Champions

Former champions

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 J. League Division 1
 J. League Division 2
 Japanese Regional Leagues

References

Other websites
  Japan Football League website 
 http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/tv/sportsjapan/archives201209110600.html 

Football leagues
Football in Japan
1992 establishments in Japan
is a Japanese professional football club in Osaka.

History
The club was founded in 2001.
1980-1992 Matsushita Electric SC
1992-present Gamba Osaka

League titles
Japan Soccer League Division 2 : (1)
1985/86
J1 League : (2)
2005, 2014
J2 League : (1)
2013
J.League Cup : (2)
2007, 2014
Emperor's Cup : (4)
2008, 2009, 2014, 2015
AFC Champions League : (1)
2008

League position
2011 : J1 League - 3rd
2012 : J1 League - 17th
2013 : J2 League - 1st
2014 : J1 League - Champions
2015 : J1 League - 2nd
2016 : J1 League - 4th
2017 : J1 League - 10th
2018 : J1 League - 9th
2019 : J1 League - 7th
2020 : J1 League - 2nd

Former positions

Notable achievements 
The team has some notable achievements.

In 2008, Gamba Osaka won the Emperor's Cup and the AFC Champions League, and won 3rd place at the FIFA Club World Cup.

In 2010,  Rafinha made three goals in one game for Gamba Osaka against Kawasaki Frontale.

In 2014, Gamba Osaka won all three major titles in Japan, including the J1 League, the J. League Cup, and the Emperor's Cup.

Related pages 
 Sports in Japan
 List of Japanese football teams
 List of Gamba Osaka players

References

Other websites

 http://www.gamba-osaka.net/en/index.html ; 
  J.League Club Guide 

Japanese football clubs
Osaka
is a Japanese professional football club in Ichihara and Chiba.

The team is also known as  or .

History
The club was founded in 1946.
1946-1992 Furukawa Electric SC
1992-2004 JEF United Ichihara
2005-present JEF United Chiba

League title 
Japan Soccer League: 2
1976, 1985/86

League position 
2011 : J2 League - 6th
2012 : J2 League - 5th
2013 : J2 League - 5th
2014 : J2 League - 3rd
2015 : J2 League - 9th
2016 : J2 League - 11th
2017 : J2 League - 6th
2018 : J2 League - 14th
2019 : J2 League - 17th
2020 : J2 League - 14th

Former position

Reserve team 
JEF United Chiba has reserve team ; JEF Reserves.

Related pages 
 Sports in Japan
 List of Japanese football teams
 List of JEF United Chiba players

References

Other websites

 http://www.so-net.ne.jp/JEFUNITED/ 
  J.League Club Guide 

Japanese football clubs
Chiba Prefecture