cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Soumaoro Kanté (also written Sumanguru Kanté) was a king of the Sosso people during the 13th century. The Sosso formed their kingdom in the 1180s, after the collapse of the Ghana Empire.

In the Epic of Sundiata, Soumaoro is portrayed as a villain. He is said to have been a supernatural warrior with eight heads rising above his own. Many of his military victories were associated with his supernatural powers.

In 1203, Soumaoro captured Koumbi, the old capital of Ghana. He conquered several neighbouring peoples, including nine other kingdoms in the early 1200s. Among these were the Mandinka in what is now Mali. Soumaoro killed all of the Mandinka king's sons except one. This son, Sundiata Keita, was a cripple, and Soumaoro did not believe him to be a threat.

A short time later, however, Sundiata built an alliance of smaller kingdoms to oppose Soumaoro. Legends describe Sundiata as having supernatural powers as well. In 1230, Sundiata founded the Mali Empire. He defeated Soumaoro at the Battle of Kirina in 1235.

Sourmaoro ruled as a tyrant. His empire lasted a little more that 30 years. He was unable to maintain stability. He also made his people pay heavy taxes. He made them give him large amounts of gold, food, and livestock. On top of that he demanded that his subjects turn over the most beautiful women for his pleasure and the strongest boys to be his slaves. He killed anyone suspected of becoming a potential threat to his rule. Although he was successful on the battlefield, Sumanguru an arrogant, brutal and intolerant ruler. He failed at winning the faith and loyalty of the people he had hoped to unify under his rule.

References

Malian people
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Kings and queens
Sundiata Keita ( 1210 – c. 1260) was the founder of the Mali Empire. He ruled as emperor (mansa) from 1235 to 1260. He is celebrated as a hero of the Mandinka people of West Africa in the Epic of Sundiata. Sundiata changed his father's small kingdom into the core of the Mali Empire. It grew to be one of largest and richest empires of Africa.

Sundiata Keita was born in about 1210. His father was Naré Maghann Konaté, a king of the Mandinka. Keita was disabled from birth. His legend follows the theme of a culture hero overcoming extreme hardships to achieve greatness. According to the legend, Keita and his mother went into voluntary exile to avoid the risk of being killed by his jealous half-brother, Kankaran Tuman, who had become king in 1218. While Keita and his mother were in exile, the Mandinka were conquered by the Sosso Empire. Later, Keita was recalled by his fellow people to free them from this foreign oppression.

In the early 1200s, the independence of the Mandinka was threatened by the Sosso. Sosso was one of the many kingdoms that succeeded the Ghana Empire. Keita, who had already become a king, gathered his people and fought a battle with the Sosso army. In 1235, Keita and his army destroyed the army of Soumaoro Kanté, the ruler of the Sosso. This battle is called the Battle of Kirina, located in present-day Mali.

Further military advancements led to the expansion of the Mali Empire. The empire thrived, because it controlled many of the major gold fields and was an important center of trans-Saharan trade. Keita also successfully combined Islamic and traditional African beliefs to create a functional kingdom. Today, some of the Mandinka people of West Africa still regard Sundiata as a hero.

Little is known about the later life of Keita, but it is known that Keita ruled for about 25 years before his death. It is said that Keita was killed in an accident in his capital city.

References

1217 births
1255 deaths
Malian people
Emperors and empresses
Zhang Heng (also written Chang Hêng, ; AD 78–139) was a Chinese scientist who worked in many subjects. He lived during the Han dynasty. He was an accomplished engineer, meteorologist, geologist, philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and writer.

Zhang invented the first seismometer, a machine that measures the strength of earthquakes. He is remembered for many other inventions and writings. He invented the seismometer in 132 AD. Heng was also the first in China to apply a grid system to maps, from which positions and distances could be calculated.

Some of his jobs were chief astronomer of the Imperial Chancellery for Astronomical and Calendrical Science, and chief minister under the rule of Moana. He also wrote many works ranging from poetry to books full of his scientific research. One was his book of astronomical research and it described his theories about previously unexplained things that could be seen in the night sky. Some things it theorized were that the Moon was lit by the Sun instead of making its own light. It also proposed that the Moon could be eclipsed by the shadow of the Earth.

Related pages
List of Chinese scientists

References

 "Zhang Heng". Science and Its Times. Ed. Neil Schlager and Josh Lauer. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2001. Biography in Context. Web. 4 Dec. 2013.
 "Chang Heng". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Vol. 24. Detroit: Gale, 2005.Biography in Context. Web. 4 Dec. 2013.

78 births
139 deaths
Chinese engineers
Chinese inventors
Chinese mathematicians
Astronomers
Cartographers
Chinese physicists
A refractory is a material that can stand high temperature. It is used in furnaces, kilns, incinerators and reactors. Materials to make refractory must be chemically and physically stable at high temperature, such as alumina, silica, magnesia and lime.

Types of refractory

Based on material
 Acidic refractory
 Neutral refractory
 Basic refractory

Based on ways to manufacture
 Dry press process
 Fused cast
 Hand molded
 Formed
 Unformed
 Unformed dry vibratable

Based on operating temperature
 Normal refractory
 High refractory
 Super refractory

Materials
A rotor is the part of an electric machine (motor or generator) that rotates. It rotates because of the torque developed by wires and magnetic field inside the machine.

Related pages
 Stator

Electricity
Motors
A stator is the part of a rotary system that does not move. It is the fixed, stationary part of an electric machine (motor or generator). The stator might act as the field magnet (working with the armature to create the spinning movement) or as the armature (receives influence from the moving field coils of the rotor).

Related pages
 Rotor (electric)

Electricity
Motors
Kabsa is the national dish of Saudi Arabia. It is a dish made of rice and meat, cooked either separately or together. It can be made with spices and camel meat, lamb, chicken or fish. It is usually eaten for lunch and sometimes for dinner. Kabsa is often a dish for a group of people. The kabsa is normally served on a round metal dish placed on the floor and people eat with their right hand, although a spoon may be used. In Saudi Arabia there are many different ways to make kabsa. Kabsa is also eaten in other Middle Eastern countries such as Kuwait, Bahrain and other Gulf countries.

Saudi Arabia
Middle Eastern foods
An uninterruptible power supply (or uninterruptible power source; UPS) is an apparatus that provides electric power in an emergency when there is a problem with the normal electricity supply. It provides an almost instantaneous supply of electricity during any power failure. It is used normally to protect any sensitive hardware (computer, data center, telecommunication) in which if there is any disruption of power supply, it might easily damage that equipment.

UPS batteries are lead acid batteries that use gel sulfuric acid instead of the liquid sulfuric acid car batteries use. UPS batteries are sealed and have the property to store electricity and provide a consistent high surge DC current to a UPS system which converts it to a stabilized AC current. UPS batteries have a wide selection of dimensions and one of their main properties is that they do not leak or produce fumes. This is one of the most important reasons why they are used safely in houses, server rooms, data centers, manufacturing environments, hospitals, offices, and other poorly ventilated areas. These sealed lead-acid batteries can be found in some of the electronics stores or UPS specialized stores.

Electricity
Nicole "Nikki" Sinclaire (born 26 July 1968) is a British politician. In June 2012, she started We Demand a Referendum (WDAR), a political party. She was a member of the United Kingdom Independence Party until 2010.

She was born in Nicholas Sinclaire in London.

Personal life
She is openly gay.

In November 2013, Sinclaire released a book about her life, Never Give Up. In it she said that she was born male. When she was 23 she had sex reassignment surgery. The news made Sinclaire the United Kingdom's first transgender Member of Parliament.

Other websites
Official website

References

1968 births
Living people
English LGBT people
Former MEPs
LGBT politicians
MEPs for the United Kingdom
Politicians from London
Transgender and transsexual people
Enterprise Center is a sports arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The arena opened on October 8, 1994, and is the current home to the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL). The arena was also home to Saint Louis University's men's basketball team from 1991 to 2008.

The arena was originally known as Kiel Center from 1994 to 2000 and Savvis Center from Aug 2000 to 2006. Scottrade acquired naming rights for the arena in September 2006.

The Scottrade Center has held many WWE events as well including: Badd Blood: In Your House, Survivor Series in 1998, the special live tribute episode of WWF Raw is War that aired after the night of Owen Hart's death, No Mercy in 2001, Judgment Day in 2007, Elimination Chamber in 2010, Royal Rumble in 2012 and Extreme Rules in 2013.

The arena was initially expected to be renamed as the TD Ameritrade Center by the end of 2017, once the purchase of Scottrade by TD Ameritrade closed. However, TD Ameritrade decided not to put its name on the arena. The team later reached a new deal with Enterprise Holdings, a company based in the St. Louis suburb of Clayton, Missouri that owns the Enterprise, National, and Alamo car rental companies. The deal was announced on May 21, 2018, with the name officially changing to Enterprise Center on July 1 of that year.

References

Other websites
Official website

Sports buildings in the United States
Sports in St. Louis, Missouri
Buildings and structures in Missouri
1994 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Missouri
St. Louis Blues
Capital One Arena is a sports arena in Washington D.C. The arena opened on December 2, 1997, and is the current home to the Washington Capitals on the National Hockey League (NHL), Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA), Washington Mystics of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), the Washington Valor of the Arena Football League, and the Georgetown University men's basketball team. The arena was also home to the Washington Power of the National Lacrosse League (NLL) from 2001 to 2002.

The arena was originally known as MCI Center from 1997 to 2006. It became Verizon Center in January 2006 when Verizon Communications acquired the naming rights for the arena. The name changed again in August 2017 when Capital One acquired naming rights.

Capital One Arena has held many WWE events as well including: SummerSlam in 2005, Cyber Sunday in 2007, Survivor Series in 2009 and WWE Capitol Punishment in 2011. Aside from WWE, the arena also hosted World Championship Wrestling (WCW)'s Starrcade pay-per-view in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000.

References

Other websites
Official website

Sports buildings in the United States
Buildings and structures in Washington, D.C.
1997 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Washington, D.C.
Washington Capitals
Saʻadiah ben Yosef Gaon (882/892 – 942) was a Jewish religious scholar and philosopher.

He was born in al-Fayyūm, Egypt. When he was 28, he left Egypt and his wife and two sons, and traveled to Babylonia. There, he helped schools in many Jewish communities. After a while, he left Babylonia because he was not happy with the government.

As a religious scholar, he translated the Bible into Arabic and wrote many commentaries on it. He also wrote the first Hebrew dictionary and grammar dictionary, and many books on Talmudic law. One of his famous books is called Kitāb al-amānāt wa al-iʿtiqādāt ("Book of Beliefs and Convictions").

He died at the age of 63, in Baghdad.

Notes

9th-century births
942 deaths
Egyptian Jews
Jewish philosophers
Al-Battānī (other names include Albategnius, Albategni and Albatenius; born about 858 – died 929) was an Arab astronomer, astrologer and mathematician. He is considered an important astronomer and mathematician of the Islamic Golden Age. His discoveries about trigonometry were often quoted by medieval European astronomers; including by Copernicus. He was from Harran. His full name was Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī al-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī.

Career 
Al-Battani helped to calculate the distance between the Earth and the Sun, before the telescopes. This allowed him to refine existing values for the length of the year.

Works 
He is most famous for his book the Kitāb az-Zīj (or the Zij). The Zij was a book with 57 chapters dedicated to astronomy. He influenced the works of Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Tycho Brahe, who were famous astronomers of later times. The book was translated many times into many different languages. Inside the Zij, Al-Battani made a map of the stars, naming a few of them.

Al-Battani died of old age in the year 929. He had been protesting against the taxes in Baghdad, and died on the way home.

Related pages
 List of scientists

References

Other websites
 

858 births
929 deaths
Arab people
Astrologers
Astronomers
Mathematicians
Muslims
TD Garden is a sports arena in Boston, Massachusetts. The arena opened on September 30, 1995, and is the current home to the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

The arena was originally known as FleetCenter from 1995 to 2005. TD Banknorth acquired the naming rights for the arena on March 3, 2005. The name was changed to TD Banknorth Garden on July 1, 2005.

TD Garden has held many WWE events as well including: WrestleMania XIV in 1998, King of the Ring in 2000, Royal Rumble in 2003, SummerSlam in 2006, Survivor Series in 2008, Royal Rumble in 2011, Night of Champions in 2012, and Survivor Series in 2013.

References

Other websites
Official website

Sports buildings in the United States
Boston Celtics
Buildings and structures in Boston, Massachusetts
1995 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Massachusetts
Boston Bruins
Gagra (Abkhaz and ; ) is a town in Abkhazia. It covers an area of about 5 kilometres. It is located on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea, at the base of the Caucasus Mountains. The moderate climate makes it a popular tourist resort.

Gagra is the centre of the Gagra District. It is located in the western part of Abkhazia. The river Psou serves as a border with Krasnodar Kray of Russia.

History 
Gagra was established as a Greek colony. During the rule of the Kingdom of Colchis, they called it Triglite.

In the time of the Roman Empire the town was renamed to Nitica. Because of its geographical and commercial importance, it was attacked repeatedly by the Goths. The Romans did not neglect it, however. They fortified it well. After the Romans, the Byzantine Empire took control of all of Colchis, including Nitica. It became a major trading center for merchants from Venice and Genoa. The name "Gagra" appeared for the first time on a map in 1308. This was on a map of the Caucasus made by the Italian Pietro Visconti. This map is now in the Library of Saint Mark in Venice.

Gagra within the Russian Empire 

In the 16th century, Gagra was a part of Georgia. It was invaded by the Ottoman Empire. Because of poverty and disease, most of its people had left. After Russia's victory over the Ottomans in 1878, Russia rebuilt the town.

Gagra under the Soviet Union 
In 1919, Vladimir Lenin established a "worker's resort" in Gagra. He nationalised the resort that had been built by Oldenburg. Then Gagra became a popular holiday resort for Soviet citizens. During World War II, it gained a new role as a site for the rehabilitation of wounded soldiers. After the war, various state-run sanatoriums were built there. The resort grew and was developed quickly as part of the "Soviet Riviera".

Gagra in post-soviet Abkhazia 

In the late 1980s, tensions grew between the Georgian and Abkhazian communities in the region. War started between 1992 and 1993. It ended in a defeat of the Georgian government's forces. Hundreds of thousands of ethnic Georgians were forced to leave their homes in Abkhazia. This was part of a mass ethnic cleansing, in which thousands of Georgian civilians were massacred. Gagra and the Abkhazian capital Sukhumi were at the centre of the fighting and suffered heavy damage.

After 1993, Gagra was under Russian occupation and under the control of separatist armed formations.

Monuments 

The most important landmarks of Gagra are:
 ruins of the Abaata fortress (4th–5th century AD, built by the Anchabadze dynasty, the ruling Georgian dynasty);
 6th-century church, said to be the oldest in Abkhazia, built by Anchabadze dynasty;
 Marlinsky defensive tower (1841);
 19th-century palace of the Prince of Oldenburg.

Twin towns
On 14 May 2012, Gagra signed a cooperation agreement with Vladimir.

References

Other websites 

 webcamera in Gagra 

Ancient Greek cities
Abkhazia
Settlements in Georgia (country)
Spa towns
The KeyBank Center is a sports arena in Buffalo, New York. The arena opened on September 21, 1996, and is the current home to the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Buffalo Bandits of the National Lacrosse League (NLL).

The arena was originally known as Marine Midland Arena from 1996 to 1999 and as HSBC Arena from 2000 to 2011. First Niagara Bank acquired the naming rights for the arena in 2011. The arena name next changed after KeyBank bought First Niagara Bank in 2016. Outside signs began to show the new name in August of that year, with the name change to "KeyBank Center" becoming official on September 19.

KeyBank Center has held many WWE events as well including: The Great American Bash in 2005, Armageddon in 2008, Night of Champions in 2011, and WWE Battleground in 2013.

References

Other websites
Official website 

Sports buildings in New York
Buffalo Sabres
1996 establishments in New York (state)
KatieJane Garside (born Katrina Jane Garside; 8 July 1968) is an English singer-songwriter. She first became known as the singer of the indie rock band Daisy Chainsaw. Garside is now the singer of Ruby Throat.

Career

Daisy Chainsaw
Garside joined the band in 1989. With the band Garside released two extended plays. The band then released one album, Eleventeen in 1992. Their single "Love Your Money" reached number 26 in the UK Singles Chart in February 1992. It is Garside's most successful song so far.

Garside sung on two songs on Creaming Jesus' 1992 album Guilt by Association. She was also in the music video for their single "Lilies".

In 1993, Garside left Daisy Chainsaw. She was replaced with Belinda Leith.

1994-1998
In 1994, Garside sung on the album The Greatest Show of Truth by The Sacred Sawdust Ring.

Garside sung on five songs on Test Dept.'s 1995 album Totality.

Queenadreena
In 1999, she started an alternative rock band called Queenadreena with Crispin Gray. Queenadreena released their first album, Taxidermy, in 2000. In 2002, they released their second album Drink Me. In 2005, their third album The Butcher and the Butterfly was released by One Little Indian. One single was released from the album, "Medicine Jar".

In 2007, the band released Ride a Cock Horse. The next year they released Djin. It was only released in Japan. In September 2009 it was released in the UK.

The band broke up in 2010.

Lalleshwari, Corps Electriques, and Ruby Throat
In 2005, she released an album of songs she made on her own called Lalleshwari/Lullabies in Glass Wilderness.

In 2006, Garside met Chris Wittingham on the London Underground. He was busking there. They started making music together. In 2007 they released an album together called The Ventriloquist under the name Ruby Throat. It has a folk sound. At first they released 500 copies of the cd inside red leather books. The album was released on Amazon in 2008.

In 2008, Garside released an album with Hector Zazou called Corps Electriques. Nils Petter Molvær played the trumpet on it.

In 2009, Ruby Throat released their second album, Out of a Black Cloud Came a Bird. The album has a cover of "Nothing" by Townes Van Zandt. Also that year, Jeff Zetner's album The Dying Days of Summer was released. Garside sung on the thirteenth song on the album, "Where We Fall We'll Lie". 

In 2012, they released a third album, O' Doubt O' Stars.

Family life
She has a sister called Melanie Garside. Melanie is also a musician. She was the bass player for Queenadreena.

Garside lives on a boat with Chris Wittingham and their children.

References

1968 births
British folk musicians
English singer-songwriters
Living people
Singers from London
British rock singers
A battery charger is a device that makes a used battery able to be used again. It works by forcing electric current into it from the opposite polarity of the battery. However, only rechargeable batteries can be recharged with a battery charger.

Battery chargers can be found in many forms, such as for mobile phone batteries, an electric vehicle charger, and a laptop battery charger (adapter).

References

Electricity
Batteries
Science
Adobe Premiere Elements is an editing software that allows users to edit videos and make home-made movies, using the provided options.

Compatibility
Upon release, the software was made compatible with Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Mac OS X. The installation of the software is different for each device, providing step by step instructions. It can only be installed once per device, where it then needs to be uninstalled before installing again to a different device.

Adobe ID
An Adobe ID is a paid service that allows access to otherwise inaccessible content created by Adobe. The price of an Adobe ID has varied in the past five years. It currently costs around ten dollars a month, although the price may be different depending where you are located. Creating your Adobe ID also unlocks free benefits for Adobe Photoshop and an automatic online backup.

Free Trial
A free thirty day trial is available to those who are willing to download the often large amount of data required. The trial includes everything you would get from buying the product, attempting to get customers to buy the full version after the trial is over.

Awards
Adobe Premiere Elements has won over 180 editing awards and has been classified as number one award winning editing software for the past 10 years.

Sharing
Adobe has a built in sharing configuration, that allows users to share their videos to major websites such as YouTube and Facebook. It also allows easy transferring onto a DVD, or into AVCHD format.

References
www.adobe.com/go/pre_reviews.
www.adobe.com

Adobe software
Ian Mathias Bavitz (born June 5, 1976), better known as Aesop Rock, is an American hip hop artist and music producer who lives in San Francisco, California. He was born in New York.

References

1976 births
Rap musicians from New York
Living people
Musicians from New York
PPG Paints Arena is a sports arena in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The arena opened on August 18, 2010, and is the current home of the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL). It was also home to Pittsburgh Power of the Arena Football League (AFL) from the team's 2011 entry into the league until its demise in 2014.

When it opened, the arena was known as Consol Energy Center, with the naming rights owned by Consol Energy. In October 2016, Consol Energy opted out of its naming rights contract, and PPG Industries took over the naming rights, choosing to promote its paint brand on the arena. The first Penguins game played in the arena was on October 7, 2010 in a 3–2 loss against their rivals, the Philadelphia Flyers.

The arena hosted the Frozen Four in 2013. The first event that happened in the arena was a concert by Paul McCartney. The arena hosted the WWE's Royal Rumble on January 26, 2014.

References

Other websites
Official website

Sports buildings in Pennsylvania
Sports in Pittsburgh
2010 establishments in the United States
2010s establishments in Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh Penguins
4.3.2.1 is a British 2010 crime-thriller movie. The movie is about four friends, all 19, during the late 2000s decade. One of them (Shannon) has one bad day after another. She gets mugged, assaulted and rejected. Another, Joanne (or simply Jo, played by Emma Roberts), works inside a 24-hour retail store. The reviews mixed. It was released in June 2010.

2010s crime thriller movies
2010s crime drama movies
2010 movies
William A. "Bill" Allain (February 14, 1928 – December 2, 2013) was an American politician. He held office as the 58th Governor of Mississippi as a Democrat from 1984 to 1988.

Allain died December 2, 2013 in Jackson, Mississippi from unknown causes, aged 85.

References

1928 births
2013 deaths
US Democratic Party politicians
Governors of Mississippi
"Hail to the Chief" is the official presidential anthem of the United States. The song is played only when the president of the United States appears during public appearances. It is also played during funerals of former [residents such as during Ronald Reagan's funeral. This song is under the public domain.

Songs
History of the United States
Sulukta is a small town in Kyrgyzstan. Over 20 thousand people live in Sulukta.

References 

Towns in Asia
Geography of Kyrgyzstan
A boiler is a device used to heat water or other fluids until it boils or before boiling point. The heated or vaporized fluid is then used for various process applications, such as central heating, power generation, cooking, and sanitation. 

Hot water boilers heat water for the purpose of domestic or commercial heating and hot water supply.

Steam boilers generate steam in order to power turbines for power generation and various other industrial heating applications.

Fuel
The source of the heat for boiler can be from coal, oil, wood, rejected heat or natural gas.

Types
The different types of boilers find their use in different applications.
 Fire-tube boiler
 Flash boiler
 Flued boiler
 Water-tube boiler
 System boiler
 Combi boiler

Steam heating
Where steam is required for space heating, the boiler is often called a steam generator. A niche application was for heating railroad passenger cars while steam locomotives were being phased out. The steam generator would be oil-fired on diesel locomotives or electrically heated on electric locomotives.  Steam heating is now uncommon on trains. Modern trains are usually heated by electric heaters.

References
Patrick "Pat" Tanaka (born August 5, 1961) is an American professional wrestler.

He is best known for working with American Wrestling Association where he was one half of Badd Company and the World Wrestling Federation where he was one half of The Orient Express.

While in AWA, he won the AWA World Tag Team Championship as a member of Badd Company on March 19, 1988 when they defeated the Midnight Rockers. The team held the championships for a year and the lost them to the Olympians (Brad Rheingans and Ken Patera) on March 25, 1989.

In mid-March 2006, he opened Fighting Spirit Dojo in Minster, Ohio along with shoot-fighter Jody Poff. He teaches judo to more than 50 students while Poff teaches a group of mixed-martial-artists.

Championships

American Wrestling Association
AWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Paul Diamond)
Continental Wrestling Association
AWA Southern Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Paul Diamond and Jeff Jarrett (one))
CWA/AWA International Tag Team Championship (five times) (with Paul Diamond (four) and Jeff Jarrett (one))
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #355 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003.
He was ranked #99 of the 100 best tag teams of the "PWI Years" with Paul Diamond in 2003.
Universal Wrestling Association
UWA/UWF Intercontinental Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Bulldog K.T.)

References

1961 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
People from Honolulu
Sportspeople from Hawaii
Former WWE wrestlers
Cranes are a British dream pop band. Their most well known song is perhaps "Shining Road". They formed in 1985 in Portsmouth, England. The band's founding members were singer Alison Shaw, her brother Jim Shaw and guitarist Kevin Dunford. Dunford left the band in 1990. He was replaced by Mark Francombe who had such diverse musical influences as Velvet Underground, Can and Thobbing Gristle. He also liked building experimental electronic devices to alter his guitar-sound as well as wearing experimental hair. In 1989 their 6-track EP Self Non Self was released by Bite Back. A further guitarist, Matt Cope, was recruited. In 1990 they released an EP called Inescapable. It was their first release on the record label Dedicated. Later in 1990 they released another EP, Espero. 1991 saw the release of Tomorrows Tears followed by Adoration.

Their first album, Wings of Joy, was released in 1991. It reached number fifty-two in the UK Album Chart. In 1992 they opened 90 shows for The Cure on the U.S. and European legs of their "Wish" world tour. During a break from this tour their second album Forever was written and recorded and was released in 1993. It got to number forty in the UK. The single "Jewel" reached number twenty-nine in the UK Singles Chart. It was a collaboration with The Cure and became Cranes best-selling single.

Their third album Loved was released in 1994. Three singles were released from the album: "Lilies", "Shining Road", and "Beautiful Friend". In 1996 Cranes released 10,000 copies of La Tragédie d'Oreste et Électre. This album, based on a Jean-Paul Satre work, Shaw recites entirely in French. The next year Population 4 was released. It was their last album on Dedicated.

In 1997 the band broke up. In 2000 they reformed. They released Future Songs in 2001. In 2002 they performed before The Cure at Hyde Park. They released an EP called Submarine. Only 2000 copies of it were made. There were eight songs on it. All of them were remixes. In 2004 Particles and Waves was released. Cranes performed as the opening act for The Cure at the Move Festival. In 2007 Cherry Red Records released Wings of Joy again. Seven extra songs were on it. In 2008 they released an album called Cranes on their record label Dadaphonic. Pitchfork gave it a score of 7.2 out of 10. In 2009 Loved was released again by Cherry Red Records. There were seven extra songs on it.

References

Musical groups established in 1989
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
Bowser Jr. is a character from the Mario video game series. He is the son of Bowser and prince of the Koopas. He is known for inventing machines, painting graffiti, and doing what he can to make his father proud. He first appeared in Super Mario Sunshine. Since then, he has become a main character and appears in most of the Mario video game series.

Appearances
Bowser Jr. first appears in Super Mario Sunshine, where he disturbs Mario's vacation with Princess Peach on Delfino Isle by making the island dirty and kidnapping Peach. He makes himself look like Mario, so the people of the island put Mario in jail. He kidnapped Peach because Bowser made him think that Peach was his mother, and he had to keep her safe. He later finds out that Peach is not actually his mother, but he still wants to fight Mario again in the future to make his father proud.

He later appears in New Super Mario Bros., where he is the boss of the tower levels at the middle of each world.

Bowser Jr. appears in Super Mario Galaxy, where he helps his father in battling Mario. He also has three worlds of his own.

Bowser Jr. makes an appearance in New Super Mario Bros. Wii along with the Koopalings, where he appears on an airship (a type of flying ship).

Jr. appears in Super Mario Galaxy 2, where he helps his father in battling Mario like in Super Mario Galaxy.

He also appears in New Super Mario Bros. U, along with the Koopalings and his father. He does the same in 'New Super Luigi U.

Bowser Jr. appears Super Mario 3D World + Bowser’s Fury as an ally to Mario to help him defeat Bowser (character) in an enraged form where he cannot control himself.

Bowser Jr. also appears a lot in the Mario spin-off games. He appears in Mario Kart: Double Dash!! and Mario Kart Wii. He also appears in some of the Mario sports games. He appears as a mini-boss in Mario Party 9. He has his own space on the boards where players have to play a minigame with him. He appears in Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games along with its sequel Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games, and Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games. He appears in Paper Mario: Sticker Star as a boss, and in Mario & Luigi: Dream Team'' as a boss in the Battle Ring. He has appeared in nearly every spin-off title since his introduction.

References

Other websites
Bowser Jr. on Super Mario Wiki

Fictional characters introduced in 2002
Mario series characters
Matthew Jason "Matt" Bloom (born on November 14, 1972) is an American professional wrestler. He currently works for the WWE under the ring name, Tensai.

He also wrestled under the ring names Prince Albert (or simply Albert) and A-Train in his early days of the WWF/E. He also competed under the ring name Giant Bernard during his tenure in Japan.

Championships
Impact Zone Wrestling
IZW Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Elite Xtreme Wrestling
EXW Tag Team Championship (one time)1

New Japan Pro Wrestling
IWGP Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Travis Tomko (one) and Karl Anderson (one))
G1 Tag League (2007) (with Travis Tomko)
G1 Tag League (2009) (with Karl Anderson)
New Japan Cup (2006)

Power Pro Wrestling
PPW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
PPW Young Guns Championship (one time)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #45 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2012.

Pro Wrestling Noah
GHC Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Karl Anderson)

World Wrestling Federation
WWF Intercontinental Championship (one time)

Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Tag Team of the Year (2011) (with Karl Anderson)

1After he won the championship, he held it by himself.

References

Other websites
WWE profile 

1972 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Jewish American sportspeople
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
Thebe Neruda Kgositsile (born February 24, 1994), better known by his stage name Earl Sweatshirt, is an American rapper and record producer from Los Angeles, California. Kgositsile was originally known by the moniker Sly Tendencies when he started rapping, but soon changed his name when Tyler, the Creator invited him to join his hip hop collective Odd Future in late 2009.

He gained recognition and critical praise for his debut mixtape, entitled Earl, which released in March 2010 when he was just 16 years old. Shortly after its release, his mother sent him to a boarding school in Samoa for at-risk teens for a year and a half. He was unable to record music during his tenure there, but returned to Los Angeles in February 2012, just before his eighteenth birthday. Kgositsile rejoined Odd Future and started producing new music, releasing his debut studio album Doris in August 2013.

His second album, I Don't Like Shit, I Don't Go Outside: An Album by Earl Sweatshirt followed in March 2015, and his third, Some Rap Songs, released in November 2018. His projects have all received widespread critical praise. He is currently signed to Columbia Records as well as his independent label Tan Cressida.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1994 births
American musicians
Living people
Edward Teller (January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was an American theoretical physicist. He was born in Budapest, the capital city of Hungary. At the time Hungary was called Austria-Hungary. He is known as "the father of the hydrogen bomb".

Early life

Teller's family was Jewish. Teller did not speak until he was three years old. He left Hungary in 1926. He moved to Germany. He went to the University of Karlsruhe there. He then went to the University of Leipzig. He got his Ph.D. in physics there. In 1933 Adolf Hitler became the leader of Germany. Teller decided to move so the Nazis wouldn't kill him for being a Jew. In 1934 Teller moved to Copenhagen in Denmark. He joined the Institute for Theoretical Physics there. He married Augusta Maria Harkanyi.  Then Teller moved to London in England to teach at University of London.

Career
In 1935 he moved to the United States to become a professor at George Washington University. In 1941 he stopped working at George Washington University. He joined the Manhattan Project in 1942. At the time it was called the Manhattan Engineering District. With Stanislaw Ulam and other immigrant scientists he invented the fusion bomb.

In 1952 Teller opened Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory at the University of California with Ernest Lawrence. In 1953 Teller became a professor at the University of California. He was on the cover of TIME magazine in 1957. From 1958 to 1960, Teller worked as the director of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. He was the associate director until 1977. The laboratory is now called Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory.

In 1979 Teller had a heart attack. He blamed it on Jane Fonda. In 1982 he became a member of the White House Science Council.

Teller was given one of the first Ig Nobel Prizes for Peace in 1991. In 2000 Teller's wife died.

In 2001 a book Teller wrote about his life, Memoirs: A Twentieth Century Journey In Science And Politics, was published by Basic Books. Teller was 93.

He died from a stroke on September 9, 2003 at Stanford University.

Views
Teller was an agnostic. He also was a Republican.

References

1908 births
2003 deaths
Hungarian Jews
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Budapest
Refugees from Nazism
American theoretical physicists
Hungarian physicists
Sir Galahad is a character from Arthurian legend- a knight of the Round Table and the son of Sir Lancelot. Legend says that Galahad searched for and later found the Holy Grail earning him the name 'The Grail Knight', as he was the only one on earth considered by God worthy of finding the Holy Grail. It is said that when he drank from the grail, he was surrounded by light and ascended to heaven.His uncle was king Pelle and Galahad's father was actually Sir Lancelot. 

Galahad was also very noble and loyal, and was reknowned as a talented swordsman. Galahad was known as the perfect knight.
Arthurian legend
Characters in written fiction
Fictional knights
The Chesapeake Bay Bridge (called the Bay Bridge by locals) is a bridge that crosses Chesapeake Bay, on the eastern coast of the United States. The bridge is  long. It serves as a connecting route between the eastern and western shores of Maryland. The bridge was named after William Preston Lane Jr., the governor at the time that the building of the bridge was ordered.

Tolls and fees
A toll of six dollars is charged on the one-way toll side of the bridge (the side opposite of the Eastern Shore). Although for taxi services the fee is anywhere from 25 to 30 dollars.

Construction
The bridge was first proposed for building in 1938. Building did not begin until 1947 because of the United States' involvement in World War II. The bridge was finally opened to traffic on July 30, 1952. Later in 1967, because traffic on the bridge was increasing, another side for the bridge was proposed. The proposal was agreed to, and funded by the state of Maryland. Building began once again in 1969 and was completed in 1973.

Incidents
Today the Bridge is considered one of the most dangerous bridges in the world because of the accidents that have happened on it.
On August 10, 2008 a tractor trailer was involved in a head on collision, which worried people about the structure of the Bridge. Afterwards, the Maryland Transportation Comity ruled out any possibility of the accident being caused by the bridge itself.
 On August 28, 2012 the bridge was seen making unusual vertical movements that were later found to be caused by two construction tarps that had been installed for a construction project, catching wind causing the bridge to slightly move. In result to the incident, traffic that day backed up almost seven miles, a record for traffic on the bridge.
On July 18, 2013 a tractor trailer was hit from behind, forcing it over the edge of the bridge, falling a total of 27 feet into the water, where the driver then was able to open the door and swim to the Eastern Shore and receive help.

References
Roads to the Future Website
Chesapeake Bay Bridge Fundamental
Official PDF for Bridge Finances

Bridges in the United States
1952 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Maryland
August Anthony Alsina Jr. (born September 3, 1992) is an American hip-hop singer. He was born in New Orleans. He released his first mixtape in 2011. In August 2013 he was signed to Def Jam Recordings. His first EP Downtown: Life Under the Gun was released by Def Jam that month. It reached number 68 in the Billboard 200. His first album is going to be released in 2014.

References

Other websites
 Official website

1992 births
African American musicians
Living people
Singers from Louisiana
Hip hop musicians
Representational state transfer (REST) is a software architectural that was made to guide the development of the World Wide Web. Systems which implement REST are called 'RESTful' systems. REST documents a way for computer systems to communicate with each other using HTTP requests.

HTTP Verbs 
 GET fetches a resource.
 POST creates a resource.
 PUT updates a resource.
 DELETE deletes a resource.

Other websites 
 Mozilla Developer Network HTTP
 Wikimedia REST API

Internet
Technology
Ahmed Fouad Negm (22 May 1929 – 3 December 2013) was an Egyptian vernacular poet. Negm is well known for his work with Egyptian composer Sheikh Imam, as well as his patriotic and revolutionary Egyptian Arabic poetry. Negm has been called "a bit of a folk hero in Egypt" or "el-Fagommi".

Negm was born in Sharqia, Egypt on 22 May 1929.

In 2007, Negm was chosen by the United Nations Poverty Action as Ambassador of the poor. Negm won the 2013 Prince Claus Award for ‘Unwavering Integrity’.

On 3 December 2013, Negm died at the age of 84 in Cairo, Egypt from a long-illness, aged 84.

References

Other websites
Rawafed: documentary interview Ahmed Fouad Negm "part one" Alarabiya.net 
Rawafed: documentary interview Ahmed Fouad Negm "part two" Alarabiya.net 

1929 births
2013 deaths
Egyptian poets
Poets
Activists
Musicians
Paul Aussaresses (7 November 1918 – 4 December 2013) was a French Army general. He fought during World War II, the First Indochina War and Algerian War. His actions during the Algerian War, and later defense of those actions, caused considerable controversy. He was perhaps best known for wearing an eye patch since he lost an eye during battle. 

Aussaresses was badly criticized in 2000, when in an interview with the French newspaper Le Monde, he defended the use of torture during the Algerian war. He repeated the defense in an interview with CBS's 60 Minutes, further arguing that torture ought to be used in the fight against Al-Qaeda.

Aussaresses died on 4 December 2013 from natural causes in La Vancelle, France, aged 95.

References

Other websites
 Torture to Prevent Terrorism? Interview with a French Master Torturer

1918 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
French generals

People from Occitanie
World War II people
Sir William Ramsay KCB  FRS (William Ramsay, Jr.; 2 October 1852 – 23 July 1916) was a Scottish chemist. Ramsay discovered the noble gases. He also helped discover several elements that are on our periodic table today. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air" (along with Lord Rayleigh).

Early life

Ramsay was born in Glasgow on 2 October 1852. He was a nephew of the geologist Sir Andrew Ramsay. His father, William, Sr., was a civil engineer. His mother was Catherine Robertson. He studied at Glasgow Academy, at the University of Glasgow and at University of Tübingen in Germany. 

Ramsay went back to Glasgow as an assistant at the Anderson College. He found a job as Professor of chemistry at the University College of Bristol in 1879.

Career
On the evening of 19 April 1894 Ramsay was at a lecture given by Lord Rayleigh. Rayleigh had noticed a difference between the density of nitrogen made by chemical synthesis and nitrogen isolated from the air by removal of the other known components. He named the gas responsible for this difference "argon".  

He was working with Morris Travers, when he discovered neon, krypton, and xenon. He also isolated helium. In 1910, he also created and characterized radon.  In 1904, Ramsay received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Ramsay discovered all six elements that are in the noble gas group on the periodic table.

Personal life
Ramsay was married to Margaret Buchanan in 1881. They had one daughter, Catherine, and one son, William George. William George died when he was 40.

Death
Ramsay lived in Hazlemere, Buckinghamshire until his death. He died in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire on 23 July 1916 from nasal cancer (nose cancer). He died at the age of 63. He was buried in Hazlemere Parish church.

Recognition
The Sir William Ramsay School in Hazlemere is named after him.

References

Other websites

Nobel Lecture  The Rare Gases of the Atmosphere from Nobelprize.org website
Biography  Biography from Nobelprize.org website
Sir William Ramsay School
Ramsay biography
Chemical achievers 
Eponymous school
NNDB Biography
Web genealogy article on Ramsay 
Chemical genealogy
victorianweb biography 
chemeducator biography 
7/23/1904;This Photograph of Sir William Ramsay Was Taken in His Laboratory Specially for the Scientific American 

1852 births
1916 deaths
British chemists
Cancer deaths in England
Disease-related deaths in Buckinghamshire
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Noble gases
People from Glasgow
Scottish scientists
Julius Lothar von Meyer (August 19, 1830 – April 11, 1895) was a German chemist. He worked with Dmitri Mendeleev and helped him draw up the first periodic table of chemical elements. He also worked with Robert Bunsen.

References

Other websites
 Periodic table according to Lothar Meyer (1870)
 Video of a talk by Michael Gordin titled "Periodicity, Priority, Pedagogy: Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer"
 The Internet Database of Periodic Tables. Chemogenesis web book. 

1830 births
1895 deaths
Deaths from tuberculosis
German chemists
People from Lower Saxony
Periodic table
Danilo Medina Sánchez (born November 10, 1951) is a Dominican politician. He was the President of the Dominican Republic from 2012 to 2020.

References

Other websites

Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)

1951 births
Living people
Presidents of the Dominican Republic
Current national leaders
Sophia Bush (born July 8, 1982) is an American television and movie actress. She has also directed. Movies in which she appeared include John Tucker Must Die. Television programs in which she appeared include Chicago Hope, Chicago PD and "One Tree Hill". Bush was born in Pasadena, California.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Pasadena, California
1982 births
Living people
Hongkong Electric Company (HKC; ) is an electricity generation company in Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.

History
The company was established on 1 December 1890 in British Hong Kong.

Other websites
 HK Electric 

Electric power companies
Hong Kong
CLP Group (CLP; ) is an electricity company in Hong Kong. Their business are power generation, power transmission and electricity selling.

History
CLP Group was established in British Hong Kong in 1901 as China Light and Power Company Syndicate.

Other websites
 CLP 

Electric power companies
Hong Kong