cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Peter Andreas Thiel (teel; born October 11, 1967) is an American entrepreneur. He helped create PayPal, Palantir Technologies and Founders Fund. In 2018, he supposedly had $2.5 billion.

Thiel was born in Frankfurt. As a baby, he moved with his family to the United States. He spent some time in Southern Africa. He studied philosophy at Stanford University, graduating with a B.A. in 1989. He then went on to the Stanford Law School and received his J.D. in 1992. He worked as a lawyer, speechwriter, and trader. He founded Thiel Capital in 1996. He co-founded PayPal in 1999. He was chief executive officer until he sold the company to eBay in 2002 for $1.5 billion.

He founded Clarium Capital, a global macro hedge fund. He launched Palantir Technologies, a big data analysis company, in 2004 and continues to serve as its chairman as of 2018. He helped create Founders Fund, a venture capital firm. 

Thiel became Facebook's first outside investor by buying 10.2% for $500,000 in August 2004. He sold the majority of his shares in Facebook for over $1 billion in 2012, but remains on the board of directors. He also co-founded Valar Ventures in 2010, co-founded Mithril Capital.

References 

1967 births
Living people
American billionaires
American Christians
American LGBT people
Gay men
LGBT businesspeople
LGBT Christians
Naturalized citizens of the United States
New Zealand businesspeople
People from Frankfurt
Stanford University alumni
Pages with unreviewed translations
Jackson County (county code JA) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 13,462 people lived there. Its county seat is Holton. Holton is also the biggest city in Jackson County. The county was first named Calhoun County. This was named after pro-slavery South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun. The county was renamed in 1859 for President Andrew Jackson.  The Prairie Band Potawatomi Indian Reservation is in the county, and it makes up about 18.5% of the county's area.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has an area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.3%) is water.

People

Jackson County is included in the Topeka, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Government

Presidential elections
Jackson County has supported the Republican Party candidate in every presidential election from 1936 onward. Democratic Party candidates for president have only won the county twice since 1888, in 1912 & 1932.

Education

Unified school districts
 Jackson Heights USD 335
 Holton USD 336 
 Royal Valley USD 337

Communities

Cities

 Circleville
 Delia
 Denison
 Holton
 Hoyt
 Mayetta
 Netawaka
 Soldier
 Whiting

References

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Jackson County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 66 pages; 1921.
 Plat Book of Jackson County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 39 pages; 1903.

Other websites

County
 
 Jackson County - Directory of Public Officials
Maps
 Jackson County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Kansas counties
1859 establishments in Kansas Territory
Crawford County (county code CR) is a county in Southeast Kansas. In 2010 census, 39,134 people lived there. Its county seat is Girard. Its biggest city is Pittsburg. The county was named after Samuel J. Crawford, Governor of Kansas.

It is in the Osage Cuestas and Cherokee Lowlands. It is halfway between Kansas City, Missouri and Tulsa, Oklahoma. Pittsburg State University is located in Crawford County.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.9%) is water.

People

The Pittsburg Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Crawford County.

Government

Presidential elections

Communities

Cities

 Arma
 Arcadia
 Cherokee
 Frontenac
 Girard
 Hepler
 McCune
 Mulberry
 Pittsburg
 Walnut

References

Notes

More reading
 Plat Book of Crawford County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 54 pages; 1906.

Other websites

County
 
 Crawford County - Directory of Public Officials
 Crawford County - Convention and Visitors Bureau
Historical
 Crawford Co. Kansas History and Heritage - Genealogy       
Maps
 Crawford County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1867 establishments in Kansas
In economics the middle income trap happens when a country's GDP is stuck at some level and cannot increase.

The World Bank says that South Africa and Brazil have fell into the trap.

Economists think this happens because as a country sells more and gets richer, it pays higher wages. This increases the cost of selling stuff. So the countries lose their competitive advantage and get stuck, unable to sell more and get richer.

The World Bank says a country is in the 'middle-income range' if its gross national product per person stays between $1,000 to $12,000 (in 2011 prices).

I don't want to fall into the trap 
To avoid the trap, a country could find better ways to make goods and reduce the cost of making them. They could also find new people or countries to sell their goods to. An increasing middle class could also use their money to buy fancy stuff that helps further promote growth: this includes better education, better technology and infrastructure, studying science and technology to create more innovations.

References 

Economics
Cowley County (county code CL) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas.  In 2010, 36,311 people lived there. Its county seat is Winfield. Its biggest city is Arkansas City.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.6%) is water.

People

 

Cowley County comprises the Arkansas City-Winfield, KS Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Wichita-Arkansas City-Winfield, KS Combined Statistical Area.

Government

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts
 USD 462, Central
 USD 463, Udall
 USD 465, Winfield
 USD 470, Arkansas city
 USD 471, Dexter

Colleges
 Cowley College
 Southwestern College
 St. John's College closed in 1986

Communities

Cities
 Winfield
 Arkansas City
 Udall
 Burden
 Parkerfield
 Dexter
 Atlanta
 Geuda Springs (partly in Sumner County)
 Cambridge

References

Notes

More reading
 History of Cowley County Kansas; D.A. Millington / E.P. Greer; Winfield Courier; 162 pages; 1901. (Download 16MB PDF eBook)
 Standard Atlas of Cowley County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 54 pages; 1905.
 Edwards' Historical Atlas of Cowley County, Kansas; John P. Edwards; 52 pages; 1882.

Other websites

County
 
 Cowley County - Directory of Public Officials
Historical
 Cowley County - GenWeb
Maps
 Cowley County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1867 establishments in Kansas
The Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area is an area that has five counties in south central Kansas. Its main place is the city of Wichita. In 2013, the area had 637,989 people living there. It is the biggest metropolitan area in the state of Kansas.

Counties
Butler
Harvey
Sedgwick
Sumner

Communities
Populations are from the 2010 census.

Places with more than 300,000 people
Wichita (Principal city) Pop: 389,902

Places with 10,000 to 25,000 people
Derby Pop: 22,158
Newton Pop: 19,132
El Dorado Pop: 13,021
Winfield Pop: 12,204
Arkansas City Pop: 12,136
Andover Pop: 11,791
Haysville Pop: 10,826

Places with 5,000 to 10,000 people
Augusta Pop: 9,274
Wellington Pop: 8,172
Park City Pop: 7,297
Valley Center Pop: 6,822
Bel Aire Pop: 6,769
Mulvane Pop: 6,111

Places with 1,000 to 5,000 people
Goddard Pop: 4,344
Rose Hill Pop: 3,931
Hesston Pop: 3,709
Maize Pop: 3,420
Oaklawn-Sunview (census-designated place) Pop: 3,276
Clearwater Pop: 2,481
Cheney Pop: 2,094
Halstead Pop: 2,085
Kechi Pop: 1,909
McConnell Air Force Base (census-designated place) Pop: 1,777
North Newton Pop: 1,759
Douglass Pop: 1,700
Sedgwick Pop: 1,695
Belle Plaine Pop: 1,681
Towanda Pop: 1,450
Colwich Pop: 1,327
Conway Springs Pop: 1,272
Caldwell Pop: 1,068
Oxford Pop: 1,049

Places with fewer than 1,000 people
Andale Pop: 928
Burrton Pop: 901
Benton Pop: 880
Garden Plain Pop: 840
Mount Hope Pop: 813
Eastborough Pop: 773
Whitewater Pop: 718
Leon Pop: 704
Bentley Pop: 530
Argonia Pop: 501
Potwin Pop: 449
South Haven Pop: 363
Walton Pop: 235
Elbing Pop: 229
Geuda Springs (partial) Pop: 185
Latham Pop: 139
Viola Pop: 130
Cassoday Pop: 129
Mayfield Pop: 113
Milan Pop: 82
Hunnewell Pop: 67

References

 http://2010.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ 

Kansas
Sedgwick County, Kansas
Metropolitan areas of the United States
Finney County (county code FI) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 36,776 people lived there. Its county seat is Garden City. Its biggest city is also Garden City.

History
Finney County was created around 1880. It was called Buffalo County and Sequoyah County. They were named after Sequoyah, the Cherokee Indian responsible for the creation of the Cherokee alphabet. The two counties were renamed Finney County. It was named after Lieutenant Governor David Wesley Finney.

Charles "Buffalo" Jones was the first member of the Kansas House of Representatives from Finney County. He tried to stop the buffalo from extinction.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.05%) is water. It is the second-largest county in Kansas by area.

Demographics

Finney County is included in the Garden City, KS Micropolitan Statistical Area.

2010 Census
The 2010 census says that there were 36,776 people, 12,359 households and 8,903 families living in Finney County.

Government

Presidential election results
Finney County has often supported Republican presidential candidates. The last time it supported a Democrat was in 1976. This was when Jimmy Carter won the county by only 102 votes.

Education

Unified school districts
 Holcomb USD 363
 Garden City USD 457

Communities

Cities
 Garden City
 Holcomb

References

Notes

More reading
 Plat Book of Finney County, Kansas; Western Publishing Company; 50 pages; 1910.

Other websites

County
 
 Finney County - Directory of Public Officials
Other
 Finney County Public Library 
Maps
 Finney County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Kansas counties
1883 establishments in Kansas
Santa Fe Trail
The Promised Land (, translit.: ha'aretz hamuvtakhat; , translit.: ard al-mi'ad; also known as "The Land of Milk and Honey") is very important in the Hebrew Bible. It is the land that God promised to Abraham and his descendants. Nowadays, it refers to the restored homeland for the Jewish people, a path to salvation and liberation, or both.

Related pages 

 Book of Genesis
 Conquest of Canaan
 Land of Israel
 Who is a Jew?

References 

Zionism
Pages with unreviewed translations
Greater Israel (; Eretz Yisrael Hashlema) refers to the historic or desired borders of Israel. It is a form of irredentism.
It usually refers to the State of Israel together with the Palestinian territories. It is used in the Bible, sometimes called the Land of Israel. See , , ,  or .

Arab–Israeli conflict
Pages with unreviewed translations
The fiery flying serpent is a snake creature mentioned in the Hebrew Bible (Book of Isaiah, the Book of Numbers, etc.). In biology it is the Echis coloratus (saw-scale viper).

Name 
"Fiery flying serpent" is an English translation of the Hebrew words , shārāp (a "fiery serpent") me‘ōpêp ("flying").

References

Pages with unreviewed translations
McPherson County (standard abbreviation: MP) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 29,180 people lived there. The biggest city is McPherson. It is also the county seat. The county is named after Civil War General James B. McPherson.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that  is land and  (0.3%) is water.

Major highways
  Interstate 135
  U.S. Route 56
  U.S. Route 81
  K-4
  K-61
  K-153

People

The McPherson Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of McPherson County.

Government

Presidential elections
McPherson county is often carried by Republican Candidates. The last time a democratic candidate has carried this county was in 1964 by Lyndon B. Johnson.

Education

Unified school districts
 USD 400, Smoky Valley
 Lindsborg, Marquette, Rural Areas
 
 McPherson, Rural Areas
 USD 419, Canton-Galva
 Canton, Galva, Rural Areas
 
 Moundridge, Rural Areas
 USD 448, Inman
 Inman, Rural Areas
District Office In Neighboring County
 USD 411, Goessel
 Rural Areas
 
 Windom, Rural Areas

Communities

Cities

 Canton
 Galva
 Inman
 Lindsborg
 Marquette
 McPherson
 Moundridge
 Windom

References

Notes

More reading
County
 Through the Years: A Pictorial History of McPherson County; McPherson Sentinel' Heritage House Publishing Co; 1992.
 McPherson County First Courthouse Built About 1869 or 1870; Lindsborg News-Record; March 30, 1959.
 Pioneer Life and Lore of McPherson County, Kansas; Edna Nyquist; Democratic-Opinion Press; 1932.
 A History of the Church of the Brethren in Kansas (includes McPherson College history); Elmer LeRoy Craik; McPherson Daily; Republican Press; 397 pages; 1922.
 Portrait and Biographical Record of Dickinson, Saline, McPherson, and Marion Counties, Kansas; Chapman Bros; 614 pages; 1893.
 Standard Atlas of McPherson County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 82 pages; 1921.
 Plat Book of McPherson County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 50 pages; 1903.
 Edwards' Atlas of McPherson County, Kansas; John P. Edwards; 51 pages; 1884.

Trails
 
 The National Old Trails Road To Southern California, Part 1 (LA to KC); Automobile Club Of Southern California; 64 pages; 1916. (Download 6.8MB PDF eBook)

Mennonite Settlements
 Impact of Mennonite settlement on the cultural landscape of Kansas; Brenda Martin; Kansas State University; 1985/1988.
 Mennonite settlement : the relationship between the physical and cultural environment; Susan Movle; University of Utah; 1975/1886.
 Status of Mennonite women in Kansas in their church and home relationships; Eva Harshbarger; Bluffton College; 1925/1945.

Other websites

County
 
 
Maps
 McPherson County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1867 establishments in Kansas
Kansas counties
Harvey County (county code HV) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 34,684 people lived there. Its county seat is Newton. Newton is also the biggest city in Harvey County.

History

19th century
In 1871, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a railroad from Emporia to Newton.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.2%) is water. The Little Arkansas River goes through the county.

People

Harvey County is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Government

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts
 USD 369, Burrton
 Burrton, Rural Areas
 USD 373, Newton
 Newton, Walton, Rural Areas
 USD 439, Sedgwick
 Sedgwick, Rural Areas
 USD 440, Halstead
 Halstead, Rural Areas
 USD 460, Hesston
 Hesston, Rural Areas
District Office In Neighboring County
 USD 206, Remington-Whitewater
 Rural Areas
 USD 398, Peabody-Burns
 Rural Areas
 USD 411, Goessel
 Rural Areas
 USD 423, Moundridge
 Rural Areas

Communities

Cities
 Burrton
 Halstead
 Hesston
 Newton
 North Newton
 Sedgwick
 Walton

References

Notes

More reading
County
 Standard Atlas of Harvey County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 70 pages; 1918.
 Plat Book of Harvey County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 34 pages; 1902.
 Historical Atlas of Harvey County, Kansas; 33 pages; John P. Edwards; 1882.

Newton
 Bernhard Warkentin and the Kansas Mennonite Pioneers; David A. Haury; Mennonite Life; December 1974.

Other websites

County
 
 Harvey County - Directory of Public Officials
 Harvey County - Economic Development Council
Historical
 Harvey County Historical Society
 Harvey County Genealogical Society
 Kansas State Historical Society
Maps
 Harvey County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Kansas counties
1872 establishments in Kansas
Greeley County (county code GL) is a county in western Kansas. It is in the Central United States. In 2010, 1,247 people lived there. It is the county with the fewest number of people living in it in Kansas. Its county seat is Tribune. Tribune is also the biggest city in the county. The county is named after Horace Greeley of Chappaqua, New York, editor of the New York Tribune. Greeley helped western settlement with the motto  "Go West, young man".

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . All of it is land. It is the largest of five United States counties and twelve (Virginia) independent cities that officially have no water area.

People

Government

County
Since January 1, 2009, Greeley County and Tribune have been a unified government.

Presidential elections
This county is often chooses Republican candidates. The last time a Democratic candidate won the county was in 1976. A Democratic candidate has only won the county three times in its history: 1932 (Franklin D. Roosevelt), 1964 (Lyndon B. Johnson), and most recently in 1976 by Jimmy Carter.

Education

Unified school districts
 Greeley County Schools, USD 200

Communities

Cities
 Horace
 Tribune

References

Notes

Other websites

County
 
 Greeley County - Directory of Public Officials
Other
 Greeley County Library
Maps
 Greeley County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Kansas counties
1873 establishments in Kansas
Allen County (county code AL) is a county located in southeast portion of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 13,371 people lived there. Its county seat is Iola. Iola is also the biggest city in Allen County.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (1.0%) is water. Allen County is located in the southeastern part of Kansas.

People

Census 2010
The 2010 United States Census says that there were 13,371 people living in Allen County.

Government

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts
 Marmaton Valley USD 256
 Iola USD 257
 Humboldt USD 258

Colleges and universities
 Allen County Community College

Communities

Cities

 Bassett
 Elsmore
 Gas
 Humboldt
 Iola
 La Harpe
 Mildred
 Moran
 Savonburg

References

More reading
 Atlas and plat book of Allen County, Kansas; Kenyon Company; 90 pages; 1921.
 Plat book of Allen County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 33 pages; 1906.

Other websites

County
 
 Allen County - Directory of Public Officials
Historical
 Allen County - History, Kansas State Historical Society
Maps
 Allen County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1855 establishments in Kansas Territory
Barton County (standard abbreviation: BT) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 27,674 people lived there. Its county seat is Great Bend. Great Bend is also the biggest city in Barton County. The county is named after Clara Barton. She was responsible for the creating the American Red Cross.

History
In 1867, Barton County was created. It was named after Clara Barton. It is the only Kansas county named after a woman.

Geography
Barton County was drawn in the shape of a  square. The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.6%) is water. The geographic center of Kansas is in Barton County.

Major highways
Sources:  National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau
 U.S. Route 56
 U.S. Route 281
 Kansas Highway 4
 Kansas Highway 96
 Kansas Highway 156

People

The Great Bend Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Barton County.

Government

Presidential elections
Prior to 1940, Barton County was a Democratic-leaning swing county in presidential elections, being a national bellwether from 1912 to 1936. From 1940 on, it has become a Republican Party stronghold, with the solitary Democratic Party presidential candidate to carry it since then being Lyndon B. Johnson in his national landslide of 1964.

Education

Unified school districts
The five school districts are part of the special education area of Barton County called Barton County Special Services.
 Central Plains USD 112
 Ellinwood USD 355
 Great Bend USD 428 
 Hoisington USD 431
 Otis-Bison USD 403 (Rush County)

Community colleges
 Barton Community College

Communities

Cities

Albert
Claflin
Ellinwood
Galatia
Great Bend
Hoisington
Olmitz
Pawnee Rock
Susank

References

More reading
County
 Atlas and Plat Book of Barton County, Kansas; Kenyon Co; 55 pages; 1916.
 Plat Book of Barton County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 47 pages; 1902.

Trails
 The Story of the Marking of the Santa Fe Trail by the Daughters of the American Revolution in Kansas and the State of Kansas; Almira Cordry; Crane Co; 164 pages; 1915.
 The National Old Trails Road To Southern California, Part 1 (LA to KC); Automobile Club Of Southern California; 64 pages; 1916.

Other websites

County
 
 Barton County - Directory of Public Officials
Maps
 Barton County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1867 establishments in Kansas
Franklin County (county code FR) is a county in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 25,992 people lived there. Its county seat is Ottawa. Ottawa is also the biggest city in Franklin County. The county is mostly rural. It was Kansas City metropolitan area, but it no longer is since 2013.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.9%) is water.

Major highways
 Interstate 35
 U.S. Route 50
 U.S. Route 59
 K-33
 K-68

People

Franklin County is in the Ottawa, KS Micropolitan Statistical Area. It was included in the Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS Combined Statistical Area.

Government

Presidential elections
Franklin County is often carried by Republican Candidates. The last time a democratic candidate has carried Franklin County was in 1964 by Lyndon B. Johnson.

Education

Unified school districts
 West Franklin USD 287 (Web site)
 Central Heights USD 288 (Web site)
 Wellsville USD 289 (Web site)
 Ottawa USD 290 (Web site)

Colleges and universities
 Ottawa University, Ottawa
 Neosho County Community College (branch campus), Ottawa

Communities

Cities

 Lane
 Ottawa
 Pomona
 Princeton
 Rantoul
 Richmond
 Wellsville
 Williamsburg

References

Notes

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Franklin County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 69 pages; 1920.
 Plat Book of Franklin County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 36 pages; 1903.

Other websites

County
 
 Franklin County - Directory of Public Officials
Historical
 Franklin County Genealogical Society
Maps
 Franklin County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Kansas counties
1855 establishments in Kansas Territory
Dickinson County (county code DK) is a county in Central Kansas. In 2010, 19,754 people lived there. Its county seat is Abilene. Abilene is also the biggest city in Dickinson County. The county was named after Daniel S. Dickinson.

History

19th century

In 1857, Dickinson County was created.

The first railroad in Dickinson County was built through it in 1866.

In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a railroad from Topeka to Herington. This main line connected Topeka, Valencia, Willard, Maple Hill, Vera, Paxico, McFarland, Alma, Volland, Alta Vista, Dwight, White City, Latimer, Herington.

21st century
In 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was built through Dickinson County. There was a lot of controversy about tax exemption and environmental concerns.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has an area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.6%) is water.

People

Government

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts
 USD 393, Solomon
 Solomon, Rural Areas
 USD 435, Abilene
 Abilene, Rural Areas
 USD 473, Chapman
 Chapman, Carlton, Manchester, Enterprise, Rural Areas
 USD 487, Herington
 Herington, Rural Areas
District Office In Neighboring County
 USD 481, Rural Vista (headquarters in White City)
 Hope, Woodbine, Rural Areas

Communities

Cities

 Abilene
 Carlton
 Chapman
 Enterprise
 Herington
 Hope
 Manchester
 Solomon (partly in Saline County)
 Woodbine

Famous people

Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He moved to Abilene when he was 2 years old. Prior to that he was a five-star general in the United States Army. He was Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe World War II. He planned the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43 and the invasion of France and Germany in 1944–45. The Eisenhower Library is in Abilene.

Joe Engle is a retired U.S. Air Force colonel and a former NASA astronaut.

References

Notes

More reading
County
 The Scully Land System in Marion County, Kansas; Homer Socolofsky; Kansas State University; 110 pages; 1944/1947. (includes Dickinson County)
 Standard Atlas of Dickinson County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 82 pages; 1921.
 Plat Book and Complete Survey of Dickinson County, Kansas; Kenyon Company ; 54 pages; 1909.
 Standard Atlas of Dickinson County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 63 pages; 1901.
 Portrait and Biographical Record of Dickinson, Saline, McPherson, and Marion Counties, Kansas; Chapman Bros; 614 pages; 1893.

Trails
 The National Old Trails Road To Southern California, Part 1 (LA to KC); Automobile Club Of Southern California; 64 pages; 1916. (Download 6.8MB PDF eBook)

Other websites

County
 
 
Historical
 Dickinson County Kansas History and Heritage Project
Maps
 Dickinson County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1857 establishments in Kansas Territory
Ashurst may refer to:

Places

United Kingdom
Ashurst, Hampshire
Served by Ashurst New Forest railway station
Ashurst, Kent
Served by Ashurst (Kent) railway station
Ashurst, Lancashire
Ashurst, West Sussex
Ashurst Wood, West Sussex

Other places
Ashurst, Arizona, United States
Ashhurst, a town in New Zealand

People
Henry F. Ashurst (1874–1962), U.S. Senator from Arizona (1912–1941)
Len Ashurst (born 1939), English footballer and manager
Mark Ashurst-McGee (born 1969), Mormon historian
William Ashurst (footballer) (1894–1947), English footballer
William Ashurst (Lord Mayor of London) (1647–1720), English banker, Sheriff of London, Lord Mayor of London and Member of Parliament
Bill Ashurst (born 1948), English rugby league footballer
William Henry Ashurst (judge) (1725–1807), English judge
William Henry Ashurst (solicitor) (1792–1855), English solicitor
William Ashhurst (1647–1720), English politician and banker

Other uses
Ashurst baronets, an English baronetcy
Ashurst LLP, an international law firm headquartered in London
The Chinese economic reform () refers to the economic reforms in the People's Republic of China between the 1970s and 1990s. They were led by the Communist Party of China and Deng Xiaoping and started in December 1978. They were also called "Socialism with Chinese characteristics".

Why reform? 
Before the eighteenth century, China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies. Adam Smith agreed. However, Chinese economy began to slow down and even got worse by the 20th century. This was due to things like the First Sino-Japanese War and Second Sino-Japanese War.

How did they reform? 
The Communist Party began to fix the economy. It introduced market principles in 1978.

Part 1: In the 70s and 80s, they stopped requiring everybody to farm and stopped sending young people to the countryside. They also opened China to foreign investment, allowing people to start businesses. However, most businesses remained owned by the government.

Part 2: In the 80s and 90s, the PRC allowed much more private control of business (less government control, privatization). They removed price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations. Still state monopolies in banking and petroleum remained.

What happened next? 
The private sector grew remarkably, becoming 70% of China's gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth happened, with the economy increasing by 9.5% each year.

After 2005, Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao controlled the economy more heavily, reversing some reforms. Xi Jinping undid some more reforms by allowing the government greater control in some areas of the economy.

Chinese society changed a lot because of these reforms. They greatly reduced poverty and increased average income. They have also led to China's rise as a world power.

References 

Pages with unreviewed translations
History of the People's Republic of China
Roelof Johannes Nelissen (4 April 1931 – 18 July 2019) was a Dutch politician and businessman. He was a member of the Catholic People's Party (KVP) (now the Christian Democratic Appeal). He was born in Hoofdplaat, Netherlands. Nelissen was the Deputy Prime Minister from 1971 to 1973 and Minister of Finance at the same time during the Barend Biesheuvel ministry. He was the CEO of the AMRO Bank from 1983 to 1991.

Nelissen died on 18 July 2019 in Hilversum, Netherlands at the age of 88.

References

1931 births
2019 deaths
Bankers
Catholic People's Party politicians
Deputy Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch businesspeople
Dutch Roman Catholics
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Politicians from Zeeland
Jan Cornelis Terlouw (born 15 November 1931) is a Dutch politician, physicist and writer. He is a member of the Democrats 66 (D66) party. Terlouw was born in Kamperveen, Netherlands. He was the Deputy Prime Minister and at the same time the Minister of Economic Affairs from 1981 to 1982 during the Dries van Agt ministry. A children's writer, his best known work is Winter in Wartime (Oorlogswinter, 1972).

References

1931 births
Living people
Democrats 66 politicians
Deputy Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch children's writers
Dutch former Christians
Dutch physicists
Dutch provincial politicians
Former leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Members of the Senate of the Netherlands
Nuclear physicists
People from Kampen
Politicians from Overijssel
Writers from Overijssel
Ágnes Heller (12 May 1929 – 19 July 2019) was a Hungarian philosopher and educator. She was a member of the Budapest School philosophical forum in the 1960s. She later taught political theory for 25 years at the New School for Social Research in New York City. She was born in Budapest.

Heller drowned while swimming at Lake Balaton in Balatonalmádi, Hungary on 19 July 2019, aged 90.

References

1929 births
2019 deaths
Accidental deaths by drowning
Hungarian philosophers
Political scientists
Political writers
Hungarian educators
Hungarian writers
People from Budapest
Masha Gessen (born Maria Alexandrovna Gessen () 13 January 1967) is a Russian-American journalist, author, translator and activist. She is known for being a very vocal critic of the Russian President Vladimir Putin and American President Donald Trump. She was born in Moscow.

Gessen is openly a lesbian. She lives in New York City.

Gessen has written columns for The New York Times, The New York Review of Books, The Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, The New Republic, New Statesman, Granta, Slate, Vanity Fair, Harper's Magazine, The New Yorker, and U.S. News & World Report.  Since 2017, she has been a staff writer for The New Yorker.

References

1967 births
Living people
American LGBT rights activists
American political commentators
Jewish activists
Jewish American writers
Journalists from New York City
Lesbian Jews
LGBT journalists
LGBT people from New York City
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Russian Jews
Russian LGBT people
Translators
Writers from Moscow
Kateekal Sankaranarayanan (born 15 October 1932) is an Indian politician. He was the Governor of Maharashtra from 2010 to 2014. He also was the Governor of Nagaland and Jharkhand. He is a member of the Indian National Congress. He was born in Kerala.

References

1932 births
Living people
Governors of Arunachal Pradesh
Governors of Assam
Governors of Goa
Governors of Jharkhand
Governors of Maharashtra
Governors of Nagaland
Axial Age (also Axis Age, from ) is a term invented by German philosopher Karl Jaspers. It refers to ancient history from between 8th to the 3rd century BCE. He says that this represents a turning point in human history.

New ways of thinking appeared in Iran, India, China and the Greco-Roman world. There were new religions and philosophies. Moreover they happened in parallel across Eurasia, without obvious contact.

What is it

References 

History of religion
Ancient history
CS1 German-language sources (de)
Pages with unreviewed translations
In photometry, luminous intensity is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per solid angle unit, based on the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. The SI unit of luminous intensity is the candela (cd), an SI base unit.

Astronomy
Light
Measurement
Optics
Physical quantity
Physics
Physiology
SI units
Smiths Ferry is a census-designated place (CDP) in Valley County, Idaho, United States. As of the 2010 census, there were 75 people living there.

References 

Census-designated places in Idaho
Garfield is a city in Whitman County, Washington, United States. The population was 597 at the 2010 census, down from 641 in 2000.

References 

Towns in Washington
The Japonic languages are a language family made up of languages native to the Japanese islands. Known members of the language family are Japanese and the Ryukyuan languages (Okinawan, Kunigami, Amami, Miyako, Yaeyama and Yonaguni).

All Japonic languages are agglutinative languages with a simple syllable structure and SOV word order. They have many similar features, but they are not mutually intelligible, which means native speakers of one language will not understand the other language without already knowing it.

While Japanese is the ninth most spoken language in the world, the Ryukyuan languages are critically endangered, which means there are very few speakers left. This was largely because of the Japanese government's assimilation of Ryukyu into the mainland Japanese culture. During the Meiji Era, the Japanese government called the Ryukyuan languages “dialects of Japanese”. This was used to forbid Ryukyuans from speaking the Ryukyuan languages and to force them to speak Japanese. In fact, Okinawan soldiers and civilians were put to death for speaking Okinawan during World War II. The Japanese military would accuse them of being spies so they could have an excuse to put them to death.

All of the languages write using a combination of Chinese characters, called kanji in Japanese, and kana, a Japanese-made syllabic writing system made for writing phonetically. This was true even before the Japanese takeover of the Ryukyu Kingdom.

References
Hakuna matata means "no worries" in Swahili, a language of East Africa. The phrase was used in the Disney movie The Lion King in a song of the same name.

In 2003 Disney trademarked the phrase in the US. In 2018, some people accused Disney or "colonialism" and "robbery" for stealing the phrase from East Africa. The phrase is popular in Kenya, one of the countries where it came from. But because of the trademark, Kenyans are not allowed to sell stuff to the US that use that phrase.

References 

The Lion King
The Baltimore oriole (Icterus galbula) is a small icterid blackbird. It is common in eastern North America as a migratory breeding bird.

The Baltimore oriole is the state bird of Maryland. It is also the inspiration for the Baltimore Orioles baseball team.

References

Passeriformes
Maryland
Birds of North America
Cosmogony is any theory of the origin of the universe.

Examples

Physics 

In astronomy, cosmogony is the study of the origin of things like the universe, the Solar System, or the Earth–Moon system. The popular cosmological model for the birth of the universe is the Big Bang theory.

It is generally accepted that the universe began as a singularity, and when the singularity of the universe started to expand, the Big Bang occurred, which began the universe.

People disagree on the origins of the singularity.

It may be like a black hole, which is a singularity sincegravity in a black hole becomes boundless.

Others like Stephen Hawking say "time" did not exist and was only born with the universe. Hence the universe does not have an origin story. Time did not exist before the creation of the universe.

There is currently no theoretical model that explains the earliest moments of the universe's existence (during the Planck time). This is because we lack a testable theory of quantum gravity. Still, some researchers in string theory, M theory, and loop quantum cosmology have some ideas.

Mythology 
There are certain myths that also propose how the universe was created: for example creation myths in the Bible, the Dào Dé Jīng, and other genesis stories. These usually involve

 a supreme being or god
 birth via sex between male and female gods
 or birth via the cosmic egg

The Eridu Genesis, written on Sumerian tablets, is one of the oldest creation myths. The universe was created from a sea (Abzu). In Greek mythology, Zeus created the universe from chaos.

It is not the same as cosmology 
Cosmology studies the universe in general. You can still study the universe without thinking about its origin, which is what cosmonogy studies specifically.

References 

Universe
Creation myths
Pages with unreviewed translations
In statistical physics, Glauber dynamics is a way to simulate the Ising model (a model of magnetism) on a computer. It is a type of Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm.

The algorithm 
In the Ising model, we have say N particles that can spin up (+1) or down (-1). Say the particles are on a 2D grid. We label each with an x and y coordinate. Glauber's algorithm becomes:

 Choose a particle  at random.
 Sum its four neighboring spins. .
 Compute the change in energy if the spin x, y were to flip. This is  (see the Hamiltonian for the Ising model).
 If  flip the spin. That is if flipping reduces the energy, then do it.
 Else flip the spin with probability  where T is the temperature.
 Display the new grid. Repeat the above N times.

This tries to approximate how the spins change over time. The fancy term is that it is part of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, which roughly studies the time-dependent behavior of statistical mechanics.

History 
The algorithm is named after Roy J. Glauber, Nobel Prize winner and a Harvard physicist who worked at Los Alamos.

Related pages 
 Metropolis algorithm
 Ising model
 Monte Carlo algorithm
 Simulated annealing

References 

Subfields of physics
Fort William was the fort that was granted(britishers were allowed to construct it on the grounds of Bengal) to the britishers by the Nawab of Bengal for their short termed loyalty and sincerity they showed towards the Nawab.

British India
Kolkata
Tuvan People's Republic was a partially recognized state that existed from 1921 to 1944. After 1944 it became part of the Soviet Union. Until 1926, it was also known as People's Republic Tannu-Tuva. Only two states recognized the it: the Soviet Union and Mongolia. Even when it existed, it was seen as a puppet state of the Soviet Union. Its economy was largely based on nomads raising and selling cattle. The republic was between the Siberian part of Russia, and Mongolia. The capital was the city of Kyzyl. Since 1992, the territory is known as the Tuvan Republic. It is a self-governing part inside the Russian state.

References 

1921 establishments in Asia
1944 disestablishments
1940s disestablishments in Asia
Former countries in Asia
Former countries of the Interwar period
Former republics
Former socialist republics
Geography of Russia
20th century in Mongolia
20th century in Russia
History of the Soviet Union
Siberia
States and territories disestablished in the 20th century
Grizzy and the Lemmings is an French animation series, produced by Studio Hari for France Télévisions and Boomerang. The Heart TV series has 156 episodes in 3 seasons. Season 1 was realised for Netflix on July 20, 2019.

Premise 
In a forest there is a Forest Ranger's house. When the ranger goes on weekends into vacations or leaves his cabin, a grizzly bear, named Grizzy comes in house. But he isn't alone - a group of blue Lemmings also want a comfortable and luxury live.

Characters
 Grizzy: Grizzy is a grizzly bear, he lives in the cabin of the forest ranger. 

 Lemmings: The Lemmings are a group of blue lemmings. They also want luxus and they want fun. They also make trouble with Grizzy. 

 She bear: The She bear is a female grizzly bear. Grizzy is loved in she. In season 2, she have got a new redisign.
 Other: There are also other animals, birds, insects like Mooses, chickens, frogs, Butterflies, forest flies, racoons etc. who lives in the Forest.

Seasons

Other websites 
 Grizzy and the Lemmings on Studio Hari's Website

Animated television series
Marshall Clement "Mark" Sanford Jr. (born May 28, 1960) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican. He was a U.S. Representative for South Carolina's 1st congressional district from 1995 to 2001. Sanford was then elected Governor of South Carolina from 2003 until 2011. He ran again for the U.S. House and was a congressman from 2013 to 2019. He lost in the 2018 Republican primary for his re-election bid.

Sanford is a teaching fellow at the University of Chicago Institute of Politics.

In July 2019, Sanford said that he was thinking of a 2020 presidential bid against President Donald Trump for the Republican nomination. He formally announced his candidacy on September 8, 2019. He dropped out from the race two months later on November 12.

References

1960 births
Living people
2020 United States presidential candidates
United States representatives from South Carolina
Governors of South Carolina
Educators from Florida
Politicians from Florida
People from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
US Republican Party politicians
South Carolina Republicans
Educators from South Carolina
A word is the number of bits a particular computer's CPU can deal with in one go. 

Modern processors, including those in embedded systems, usually have a word size of 8, 16, 24, 32, or 64 bits.

Computing measurement
Raffaele La Capria (born 3 October 1922) is an Italian novelist and screenwriter. He is known for his series of three novels (the most important is "Ferito a morte") which were known as Tre romanzi di una giornata. La Capria was born in Naples. He was married to actress Ilaria Occhini until her death in July 2019.

He worked as co-scriptwriter on many of Francesco Rosi's movies, including Le mani sulla città (1963), Uomini contro (1970) and Cristo si è fermato a Eboli (1979). In September 2001 he won a Premio Campiello lifetime achievement award and in 2005 L'estro quotidiano was selected as the winner of the Viareggio Prize for fiction.

References

1922 births
Living people
Novelists
Italian screenwriters
People from Naples
Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow (born 29 June 1957) is a Turkmen politician. He is the 2nd and current President of Turkmenistan since February 2007.

Berdimuhamedow, a dentist, worked in the government under President Saparmurat Niyazov as Minister of Health. He is the first dentist in the world to head a state or a government.

In February 2022, it was reported that Berdimuhamedow is planning to resign after an early presidential election the following month.

References

1957 births
Living people
Presidents of Turkmenistan
Current national leaders
Dictators
President of Turkmenistan (Turkmen:Türkmenistanyň prezidenti) is the head of state, head of government and the chief executive of Turkmenistan

Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow is the current President of Turkmenistan, only the second in the history of the country since it gained independence with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

The President is also the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan and the Chairman of the country's Cabinet of Ministers.

Term limits
The country passed reforms in 2016 eliminating term limits for the presidency and removing the age requirement of below 70, as well as extending the term from five to seven years.

Requirements for presidents and removal from office 
Requirements for candidates for President of Turkmenistan include the following:

 Must have been born in Turkmenistan
 Must be fluent in the Turkmen language
 Must be at least 40 years old 
 Must have resided in Turkmenistan for the past 15 consecutive years
 Must be employed

List of presidents

References

Other websites
U.S. State Department profile of Turkmenistan
John Adel Elya (16 September 1928 – 19 July 2019) was a bishop of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church. From 1993 to 2004, he was Eparch of Newton, with jurisdiction over Melkite churches in the United States. He was born in Maghdouché, Lebanon.

Elya died on 19 July 2019 at the age of 90.

References

1928 births
2019 deaths
Lebanese people
Albert Daniel "Bert" Rechichar (July 16, 1930 – July 19, 2019) was an American football defensive back and kicker. He played with the National Football League's Cleveland Browns, Baltimore Colts, and Pittsburgh Steelers from 1952 to 1960. He also played for the American Football League's New York Titans in 1961. He was born in Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania.

Rechichar died on July 19, 2019 in Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania from an illness, aged 89.

References

1930 births
2019 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Pennsylvania
Indianapolis Colts players
Cleveland Browns players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Ilaria Occhini (28 March 1934 – 20 July 2019) was an Italian actress. She starred in more than 30 movies. Her best known roles were Doctor and the Healer, Welcome to Home Gori and Loose Cannons. Her husband was screenwriter Raffaele La Capria.

Occhini died in Rome on 20 July 2019 at the age of 85.

References

Other websites

1934 births
2019 deaths
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Italian stage actors
People from Florence
José Manuel Estepa Llaurens (1 January 1926 – 21 July 2019) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church and Military Archbishop Emeritus of Spain from 1986 to 2003. He was born in Andújar, Spain.

He was created Cardinal-Priest of S. Gabriele Arcangelo all’Acqua Traversa by Pope Benedict XVI in a consistory at St. Peter's Basilica on 20 November 2010. Because he had already reached age 80, he was not eligible to participate in a conclave.

Estepa Llaurens died on 21 July 2019 in Madrid at the age of 93.

References

Other websites
 

1926 births
2019 deaths
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
People from Madrid
Forrest County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 74,934 people lived there. Its county seat and largest city is Hattiesburg.

References 

1900s establishments in Mississippi
1908 establishments in the United States
Mississippi counties