cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bergün Filisur is a new municipality of the district Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2018 the former municipalities of Bergün/Bravuogn and Filisur merged to form the new municipality of Bergün Filisur.

References 

Municipalities of Graubünden
2010s establishments in Switzerland
2018 establishments in Europe
Bregaglia () is a municipality of the district of Maloja in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It was formed by the 2010 merger of the municipalities of Bondo, Castasegna, Soglio, Stampa and Vicosoprano, all in the Val Bregaglia.

Municipalities of Graubünden
2010 establishments in Switzerland
S-chanf (; ; ) is a municipality of the district of Maloja in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 http://www.s-chanf.ch
 

Municipalities of Graubünden
Sils im Engadin/Segl (; Romansh ), often also as Sils i.E./Segl, is a municipality and village in the Upper Engadine in the Swiss canton of the Graubünden. It is found of the district of Maloja.

The municipality has two villages Segl Maria (Romansh, ; Seglias is part of Segl Maria) and Segl Baselgia (German: Sils Baselgia; Baselgia is Romansh for church), the Val Fex (German: Fextal), and the three Maiensässe Grevasalvas, Blaunca and Buaira above Plaun da Lej on the left side of the valley.

References

Other websites 

Official website of the tourist office
Official website of the municipality
Website for the Corvatsch-Furtschellas lift system (in German)

Municipalities of Graubünden
Ross is a small incorporated town in Marin County, California, United States, just north of San Francisco. It is about  west-southwest of San Rafael. The population was 2,415 at the 2010 census. The town is bordered by Kentfield and Greenbrae to the east, Larkspur to the south and San Anselmo to the north.

Ross is named in honor of James Ross, who bought Rancho Punta de Quentin in 1859.

References

Other websites 
 Town of Ross

1908 establishments in California
Towns in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Nadine Trintignant (born 11 November 1934) is a French movie director, producer, editor, screenwriter, and novelist. She is known for her movies Ça n'arrive qu'aux autres and L'été prochain. Her movie Mon amour, mon amour was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1967 Cannes Film Festival.

References

Other websites

1934 births
Living people
French movie directors
French movie producers
French screenwriters
French novelists
Editors
People from Nice
David Ferdinand Durenberger (born August 19, 1934) is an American politician. He was born in St. Cloud, Minnesota. He served as a Republican member of the U.S. Senate from Minnesota from November 8, 1978 to January 3, 1995.

Durenberger endorsed former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton for the 2016 presidential election.

References

Other websites
 

1934 births
Living people
United States senators from Minnesota
US Republican Party politicians
People from St. Cloud, Minnesota
Dennis Webster DeConcini  (born May 8, 1937) is an American lawyer, philanthropist, politician. He served as the Democratic U.S. Senator from Arizona from 1977 until his retirement in 1995. He was replaced by Jon Kyl. DeConcini was born in Tucson, Arizona.

In February 1995 DeConcini was appointed by President Bill Clinton to the Board of Directors of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), where he served until May 1999.

DeConcini is a member of the Board of Directors of the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children (ICMEC), a global nonprofit organization that combats child sexual exploitation, child pornography, and child abduction.

References

Other websites

 Speaking about President Carter and Senate on KJZZ Radio 
 
 Parry, Romani, DeConcini & Symms
 Deconcini Mcdonald Law Firm
 Deconcini on Panama Canal
 Book Award
 DeCONCINI & Warner
 DeConcini Backs Senator Obama

1937 births
Living people
United States senators from Arizona
American philanthropists
Lawyers from Tucson, Arizona
American political writers
Writers from Tucson, Arizona
Politicians from Tucson, Arizona
US Democratic Party politicians
PUMA AG is a German multinational company. The company designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear, apparel and accessories.The headquarter is in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, Germany.

Puma is the third largest sportswear manufacturer in the world.

The logo of Puma is puma jumping through the title or just jumping. 

It is estimated that Puma employs about 14,606 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries.

References 

1920s establishments in Germany
1924 establishments in Europe
Companies of Germany
Clothing companies
Bavaria
A military base is where a country keeps its armed forces. It could be an air base, an army base, or a navy base. It could be inside its home country, in a different, friendly country, or in a country being invaded or occupied.

Naming 
The name used generally refers to the type of military that uses the base.

A military base may go different names, such as the following:

 Armory
 Arsenal
 Barracks
 Casern
 Combat outpost (COP)
 DoDAAC
 Facility
 Fire support base (FSB, FB)
 Forward Operating Base (FOB)
 Fortification
 Garrison
 Installation
 Joint base
 Magazine
 Main Operating Base (MOB)
 Marine Corps base
 Military airbase, airfield or field
 Military camp
 Naval air station
 Naval base
 Naval dockyard
 Outpost (OP)
 Presidio
 Proving ground
 Reservation
 Shipyard or yard
 Station

References

Military
The Georgia Aquarium is an aquarium in Atlanta, Georgia in the United States.  It is one of the largest aquariums in the world, and has thousands of species in about ten million gallons of water. The animals there include sharks, Beluga whales, dolphins and manta rays.

2005 establishments in the United States
Aquariums
Buildings and structures in Atlanta, Georgia
Thomas Stanley Holland (born 1 June 1996) is an English actor and dancer. He is best known for playing Spider-Man in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movies, Captain America: Civil War (2016), Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019). He also stared in the famous musical Billie Elliot (2008) And most recently Cherry (2020) Chaos Walking (2020) and Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021). He was cast to play the character Nathan Drake in the upcoming movie Uncharted (2022), based on the video game series of the same name.

Holland was diagnosed with dyslexia in 2003.

Early life 
Holland was born at Kingston Hospital in Kingston upon Thames, He is son of Dominic Holland and Niki Holland, His mother is photographer and his father may be Comedian and Author, He has three younger brothers: Harry, Sam, and Patrick (Paddy). He was bullied in school for being a dancer.

He studied Nifty Feet Dance School on his childhood, He is started to dance from his school group at the 2006 Richmond Dance Festival, where he was spotted by choreographer Lynne Page, an associate to Peter Darling, choreographer of Billy Elliot and Billy Elliot the Musical. And than studies at Donhead Preparatory School in Wimbledon, London and Wimbledon College,  BRIT School and Carpentry school in Cardiff .

Personal life 
Tom Holland lives in Southwest London. Has a dog named Tessa and is curently dating Marvel co-star Zendaya.

References

Other websites
 Tom Holland at Curtis Brown Literary and Talent Agency
 
 
 The Brothers Trust
 Works by or about Tom Holland in libraries (WorldCat catalogue)

BAFTA Award winning actors
Saturn Award winners
1997 births
Living people
English movie actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
English child actors
English dancers
Actors from London
Gun language () is a language in the Gbe languages group. It is spoken by the Gun people in Benin and Nigeria. This language is close to Fon, as well as to Agbome, Kpase, Maxi and Weme (Ouémé) languages. It is the second most spoken language of Benin. It is used in some schools in the Ouémé Department of Benin.

It is mainly spoken in south Benin in Porto-Novo, Sème, Bonou, Adjara, Avrankou, Dangbo, Missérété, Akpro-Missérété, Cotonou and other cities where Gun people live. Gun is also spoken by a minority of people in southwest Nigeria near the border with Benin.

References

Bibliography 

 
 

Languages of Benin
A bot is a computer program which acts automatically. It may do things that a person wouldn't normally do, or take a long time to do.  It is an automated or semi-automated tool or script. They may be simple, or advanced and complex:
Software agents acts for a user doing things which the user programs it for. Software agents which interact with people (such as chatbots) have features which make this possible, such as natural language processing.
More advanced agents:
Intelligent agents can use artificial intelligence.
Autonomous agents change the way they do things to achieve the same objectives. Also, there are multi-agent systems which can work together to get a result which could not be done by a single agent.
Mobile agents can move (relocate) their working to different processors.

Issues with bots 
Societies are going through a rapid learning process at present. The freedom of bots to mine data is challenged. By mining data is meant collecting information about use, and about users, so as to advance some commercial or other purpose. In the European Union, for example, bots must now ask for permission to mine data from users. Before, they could collect any data they liked from users inorder to promote the welfare of the companies that used them.

There is a Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases. It is a directive of the European Union in the field of copyright law, made under the Treaty of Rome. The need to protect the data of users is a more recent development. 

Data mining is certain to be extremely important in the future. On Wikipedia the use of bots is frequent (see link above), but the use of data mining is minimal.

References 

Software
An aphorism is a memorable saying. It often contains a surprising truth. Most aphorisms are quite short, but not all:

Ars longa, vita brevis (Art is long but life is short). Hippocrates' opening to his work on medicine.
To do nothing is sometimes a good remedy. Hippocrates.
The various modes of worship, which prevailed in the Roman world, were all considered by the people, as equally true; by the philosopher, as equally false; and by the magistrate, as equally useful. Edward Gibbon, "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", volume 1, chapter 1.
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely". Lord Acton (John Dalby-Acton, 1st Baron Acton), in The history of freedom in antiquity (1877).

Our virtues are most frequently but vices in disguise. ("Nos vertus ne sont, le plus souvent, que de vices déguisés".)  Francois de La Rochefoucauld. Reflections; or Sentences and Moral Maxims (1665–1678)
We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars. Oscar Wilde, in Lady Windermere's Fan (1892).
Fool, nothing is impossible in Russia but reform. Oscar Wilde, in Vera; or, The Nihilists (1880).
All is flux, and You cannot step into the same river twice. Both quoted by Plato in his Cratylus, and both were remarks of Heraclitus. But Plato's version was not quite the same. The first was All entities move and nothing remains still.

Phrases
Literary terms
The "Parson's Cause" was a legal and political dispute in the Colony of Virginia. Many people think it was an  important event leading up to the American Revolution. The case was about the payment of clergy of the Anglican Church in Virginia.  At the time, a lot of tobacco was planted in Virginia. It was one of the commodity crops of the colony.  The colony of Virginia had passed laws in  1748: These laws said that  Virginia's Anglican clergy were to be paid 16,000 pounds of tobacco per year. 

The problem was that the harvest of tobacco was poor in 1758. Because of that, the price of tobacco in Virginia rose from from two to six pennies per pound. This also meant the salary of clergy effectively tripled, that year. The state of Virginia was forced to act, and passed a law called the Two Pennies Act: This law allowed the state authorities to pay the clergy in currency, instead of tobacco. It also fixed the exchange rate of tobacco: it said that for these payments, the state should take a rate of two  pennies per pound of tobacco.  King George III of Great Britain vetoed the law, causing an uproar in the colony.  Many Virginia legislators saw the king's veto as a breach of their legislative authority.

Colonel John Henry, father of Patrick Henry, was the judge who presided over the court case and jury that decided the issue.  Patrick Henry was the person who argued in favor of colonial rights in the case. He was relatively unknown at the time.

The Reverend James Maury had sued in Hanover County Court (April 1, 1762) for back wages on behalf of all the ministers involved: he effectively became a representative of the British cause.  The court ruled (Nov. 5, 1763) that Maury's claim was valid, but that a jury had to determine the amount of damages. This jury was called for in December  1763. Patrick Henry rose to prominence by defending Hanover County against Maury's claims. Henry argued in favor of the Two Penny Act.  As reported by the plaintiff Maury in a letter (Dec. 12, 1763) to fellow Anglican minister John Camm shortly after the trial, Henry argued in substance "that a King, by disallowing Acts of this salutary nature, from being the father of his people, degenerated into a Tyrant and forfeits all right to his subjects' obedience."

The jury awarded Maury one penny in damages. The award essentially nullified the Crown veto, and no other clergy sued.

The Hanover County Courthouse is still operating; historic U.S. Route 301 passes by it. The courthouse is next to the Hanover Tavern, where Patrick Henry lived while arguing the Parson's Cause. It is the third oldest courthouse still in use in the United States.  The state historic office dates the building's construction between 1737 and 1742.

References 

History of Virginia
Hans Hürlimann (6 April 1918 –22 February 1994) was a Swiss politician. He was a member of the Swiss Federal Council (1974-1982).

He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 5 December 1973. He served until 31 December 1982 when Alphons Egli took office. He was a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland.

During his office time he held the Federal Department of Home Affairs and was President of the Confederation in 1979.

Other websites 
 
 

1918 births
1994 deaths
Presidents of the Swiss Confederation
Canton of Zug
France is a country in Europe.

France may also refer to:

 "La France", a single released by the Dutch pop group BZN.
 La France (rose), an hybrid tea rose developed in 1867 by Jean-Baptiste Guillot.

Transport 

 La France (airship), a dirigible built by Arthur Constantin Krebs and Charles Renard in 1884.
 SS France (1871), an ocean liner.
 SS France (1912), an ocean liner.
 SS France (1961), an ocean liner later renamed SS Norway.
 Anatole France (Paris Métro), a station of the Paris Métro.

Radio 

 Radio France, the French public service radio broadcaster.
 France Bleu, France Culture, France Info, France Inter and France Musique, five public radio stations belonging to Radio France.
 Radio France Internationale, a French public radio network.

Television 

 France Télévisions, a French public national television broadcaster.
 France 2, France 3, France 4 and France 5, four French public television networks.
 France Ô, a satellite channel featuring programming from all the France's overseas departments and territories around the world.
 France 24, a French satellite and cable TV news channel.

People 
In French-speaking countries, France may also be a woman's first name:

 France Gall, French pop singer
 France Gélinas, Canadian politician

On rarer occasions, it may also be a surname:

 Anatole France, nom de plume of French writer .
 Cécile de France, a Belgian actress
 C.V. France, English actor

Other uses 

 Fils de France
 Île-de-France
Jagmeet Singh Dhaliwal  (born January 2, 1979) is a Canadian politician and lawyer. He is the leader of the New Democratic Party of Canada right now. He became the leader in 2017. He used to be a Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2011 to 2017. He represented the electoral district of Bramalea—Gore—Malton.

After the leadership election, he became the first person of a visible minority to become the permanent leader of a major federal political party.

Biography 
Jagmeet Singh was born on January 2, 1979 in Scarborough, Ontario. His parents were Harmeet Kaur and Jagtaran Singh, who both came from the state of Punjab in India. He started his career as a criminal defense lawyer.

Singh was first elected in the 2011 Ontario provincial election. He represented the ONDP. In 2015, he became the Deputy Leader of the Ontario New Democrats under Andrea Horwath until 2017.

Singh announced he would run for leadership of the federal New Democratic Party of Canada to replace Tom Mulcair which he won. He did not have a seat in the House of Commons until March 2019. This was when he won a seat in Burnaby South, British Columbia in a by-election.

Political views
Singh has branded himself a progressive and a social democrat. Singh supports LGBTQ rights.

References

Other websites
 
 

1979 births
Living people
Politicians from Toronto
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia
The Ohio Fireworks Derecho was a severed wind storm that happened on July 4, 1969. The storm started in southeast Michigan and entered northwestern Ohio near the Toledo area and moved into the Sandusky and Cleveland areas also western Pennyslvania, including the Pittsburgh area before ending at midnight near the borders of Pennyslvania, West Virginia, and Maryland.

Weather events
Brad J. Dye, Jr. (December 20, 1933 – July 1, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in Charleston, Mississippi. Dye served three 4-year terms as 27th Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi from 1980 until 1992. He served under William Winter, William Allain and Ray Mabus. Dye was a member of the  Democratic Party.

Dye died of respiratory failure on July 1, 2018 in Ridgeland, Mississippi at the age of 84.

References

Other websites
 Oral History Project
 

1933 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Lieutenant Governors of Mississippi
US Democratic Party politicians
Raymond Edwin Mabus Jr. (born October 11, 1948) is an American politician and diplomat. He is a member of the Democratic Party. 

Mabus served as the 75th United States Secretary of the Navy from 2009 to 2017. Mabus also served as the State Auditor of Mississippi from 1984 to 1988, as the 60th Governor of Mississippi from 1988 to 1992 and as the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1994 to 1996.

In 2012, he appeared in the movie Battleship as the Commanding Officer of USS Ronald Reagan.

Other websites
United States Navy bio page
Mississippi Historical Society biography

C-SPAN Q&A interview with Mabus, February 5, 2012

1948 births
Living people
Governors of Mississippi
United States Secretaries of the Navy
Ambassadors of the United States
Harvard University alumni
US Democratic Party politicians
Bukalapak online marketplace in Indonesia, owned and run by PT. Bukalapak.

History 
Bukalapak was founded by Achmad Zaky in early 2010 as a digital agency division named Suitmedia, based in Jakarta. However, Bukalapak has only been a Limited Liability Company (PT) in September 2011 and is managed by management led by Achmad Zaky as CEO (Chief Executive Office) and Nugroho Herucahyono as CTO (Chief Technology Officer).

Users 
In one day, Bukalapak visited more than 2 million visits. Until now, Bukalapak has 7 million sold by users (as of December 2015) and is in position 11 major sites in Indonesia based on Alexa.

References
Richard Feagler (July 29, 1938 – July 1, 2018) was an American journalist, playwright and television personality. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He entered journalism in 1963, writing obituaries for the Cleveland Press. In 1970 Feagler started a regular feature column that continued until the Press closed in 1982. He won a Peabody Award in 1991. He was the host of Feagler & Friends, a weekly half-hour discussion program on WVIZ until 2013.

Feagler died July 1, 2018 in Cleveland, Ohio, aged 79.

References

Other websites

Queer high for a straight guy 
Plain Dealer column archive 
Feagler & Friends
Feagler, Dick. "Christmas at Aunt Ida's." 1993. Rpt. 21 Dec. 2007.

1938 births
2018 deaths
American columnists
American playwrights
American television personalities
American radio personalities
Writers from Cleveland, Ohio
Gordon Hillman (29 July 1943 – 1 July 2018) was a British archaeobotanist. He worked as Professor in Archaeobotany (Palaeoethnobotany) at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London.

He was awarded the Distinguished Economic Botanist award by the Society for Economic Botany in 2004.

Hillman died on 1 July 2018 in London of complications from Parkinson's disease, aged 74.

References

Other websites
 Full bibliography
 Wild Plant Foods of Britain by Gordon Hillman

1943 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in London
British botanists
British educators
British archaeologists
Patrick Finnegan (September 20, 1949 – July 2, 2018) was a United States Army Brigadier General. He served as president of Longwood University from 2010 to 2012. Finnegan served 39 years in the U.S. Army, retiring in 2010 after serving as the 12th Dean of the Academic Board at the U.S. Military Academy. He was born in Fukuoka, Japan, but raised in Baltimore, Maryland.

Finnegan died in Farmville, Virginia on July 2, 2018 from a heart attack, aged 68.

References

Other websites
Patrick Finnegan's Facebook page

1949 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Virginia
American generals
Educators from Baltimore
Lawyers from Baltimore
Ángel Roberto Seifart (12 September 1941 – 2 July 2018) was a Paraguayan politician. He was a member of the Colorado Party. He was born in Asunción, Paraguay.

Seifart was minister of education in the military government of Andrés Rodríguez. In 1993, he was elected Vice President of Paraguay as running mate of Juan Carlos Wasmosy for the period from 15 August 1993 to 15 August 1998 and also a minister in the cabinet of Raúl Cubas Grau.

Seifart died in Asunción on 2 July 2018 from complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 76.

References

1941 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from COPD
Judges
Vice presidents
People from Asunción
Mario Abdo Benítez (born 10 November 1971) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as president of the Senate of Paraguay. Abdo Benítez is the 51st President of Paraguay since 15 August 2018.

References

Other websites
 Official campaign website 
Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)

Living people
1971 births
Presidents of Paraguay
Current national leaders
People from Asunción
Juan Carlos Wasmosy Monti (born December 15, 1938) is a Paraguayan politician. He was the President of Paraguay from August 15, 1993 until August 15, 1998. He was a member of the Colorado Party, and the country's first civilian president in 39 years.

In 2002, Wasmosy was convicted of defrauding the Paraguayan state and was himself sentenced to four years in prison. The sentence was later appealed.

References

Other websites
WASMOSY, Juan Carlos International Who's Who. accessed September 3, 2006.
Biography by CIDOB

1938 births
Living people
People from Asunción
Presidents of Paraguay
Engineers
Georges-Emmanuel Clancier (3 May 1914 – 4 July 2018) was a French poet, novelist, and journalist. He won the Prix Goncourt (poetry), the Grand Prize of the Académie française, and the grand prize of the Société des gens de lettres.

From 1955 to 1970, he worked in Paris as secretary general of the programming committees of Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française, (which later became the ORTF). In 1956 he published Le Pain noir, a series of novels in which he told, until 1961.

He was President of the PEN of France from 1976 to 1979, where he worked in the defense of writers threatened, detained, deported or exiled. In 1980 he was Vice-President of the French Commission for UNESCO, in 1987 Vice President of International PEN, and chairman of the House of Writers which was founded in 1986 to 1990. 

Clancier turned 100 in May 2014 and died on 4 July 2018 from pneumonia in Paris, aged 104.

References

1914 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Paris
French centenarians
French poets
French journalists
French novelists
The President of Paraguay () is according to the Constitution of Paraguay the head of the executive branch of the Government of Paraguay, both head of state and head of government.

The President is limited to a single five-year term. it was ultimately rejected.

The Presidential seat is the Palacio de los López, in Asunción. The Presidential residence is the Mburuvichá Roga, also in Asunción.

Once Presidents leave office, they are granted by the Constitution of Paraguay the speaking-but-non-voting position of Senator for life.

The current President of Paraguay is Mario Abdo Benítez, since 15 August 2018. He was elected in 2018.

List of heads of state of Paraguay (1811–present)

Non-presidential heads of state (1811–1844)

Presidents (1844–present)

Living former presidents
There are seven living former presidents. The most recent former president to die was Alfredo Stroessner (1963–1989), on 16 August 2006.

Notes

References
Raúl Alberto Cubas Grau (born August 23, 1943 in Asunción) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as the President of Paraguay from 1998 until 1999.

References

Other websites
Cecila Cubas body found – MSNBC
 Biography by CIDOB

1943 births
Living people
Presidents of Paraguay
Engineers
People from Asunción
Fernando Armindo Lugo Méndez (; born 30 May 1951) is a Paraguayan politician. He was President of Paraguay from 2008 to 2012. He was a Roman Catholic priest and bishop, serving as Bishop of the Diocese of San Pedro from 1994 to 2005.

In 2012, he was removed from office through an impeachment process, which some people believed it was a coup d'état. He was elected to the Senate of Paraguay in the 2013 general elections.

In August 2010, Lugo was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. He continued his duties as president of Paraguay while undergoing treatment.

References

Other websites
 Fernando Lugo profile at CatholicHierarchy website
 27 February 2007 New York Times article on Lugo's possible candidacy
 22 February 2007 article on Lugo from Worldpress.org
 30 December 2006 Daily (Maybe) blog on background to Lugo's presidential bid
 Lugo Wins Election at AP
 18 April 2008 article on Lugo and Paraguay elections from The Christian Science Monitor
 "Rise of the Red Bishop", The Guardian Weekly, 14 August 2008
Biography by CIDOB

1951 births
Living people
Bishops
Roman Catholics
Presidents of Paraguay
People with cancer
Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera, GCMG, (, known as Cuqui (born July 13, 1941) is a Uruguayan lawyer and politician. He served as President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995.

In August 1978 Lacalle was sent three bottles of wine tainted with poison  The case remains unsolved.

His son is Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, the 42nd President.

References

1941 births
Living people
People from Montevideo
Presidents of Uruguay
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Aquatic locomotion is animals and other organisms moving through water. The surface of the world is mostly covered with water, and all major animal phyla started life in the water.

The earliest fossils we have are those of stromatolites, which are mat-like structures formed by photosynthetic bacteria in the sea. Even animals which evolved on land have often returned to the water, even though they usually continue to breath air. There are aquatic insects, reptiles, mammals and birds.

We don't quite know when the first animals and plants evolved, but some guesstimates have been made. Acritarchs are present from about 3200 to 1400 million years ago to the present. That's a wide time-range which means we cannot be sure when they evolved. They seem to have been grazed (eaten) by some early forms of life. Probably some kind of protist developed using existing life forms as food.

Locomotion is needed to find the right place in the seas, and to eat and avoid being eaten. All advanced forms of life, and many primitive forms of life, use locomotion.

Propulsion systems

Microorganisms 
The simplest propulsive systems evolved in microorganisms. Cilia and flagella are used.

Swimming has evolved a number of times in more complex life-forms. Examples include arthropods, fish, molluscs, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Ciliates have hundreds or thousands of small flagella called cilia to move through the water. Certain organisms such as bacteria and animal sperm have a flagellum to move in liquid environments.

Invertebrates 
All aquatic invertebrates swim at some stage in their lives, and many swim for their entire life. All jellyfish swim by pulsing their cup-shaped bodies. Crustaceans swim with their legs. Some molluscs swim all their lives, some only as larvae.

Squid and octopods swim quite vigorously by 'jet propulsion'. They squirt water out to move.

There are a very large number of insects which are aquatic as larvae or adults. Almost all use their legs for swimming. They are air-breathing, and carry air with them as they swim. The air they get from the surface of the water, and take it down with them. Usually, the air is trapped among dense hairs on their surfaces. 13 orders of insects have aquatic stages, including all mayflies and dragonflies, and many beetles, bugs, and flies.

Vertebrates 
[to come]

References 

Anthropology
The Church of North India (CNI) is a major Protestant denomination in northern India. It is a united church established on 29 November 1970 by bringing together the main Protestant churches working in northern India; it is a province of the worldwide Anglican Communion. It is one of the three successors of the Church of England in South Asia, the others being the Church of Pakistan and the Church of South India. The merger resulted from discussions begun in 1929; it came eventually between the Church of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon (Anglican), the United Church of Northern India (Congregationalist and Presbyterian), the Baptist Churches of Northern India (British Baptists), the Church of the Brethren in India, which withdrew in 2006, the Methodist Church (British and Australian Conferences) and the Disciples of Christ denominations.

The CNI's jurisdiction covers all states of the Republic of India with the exception of the four states in the south (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu) and has approximately 1,250,000 members (0.1% of India's population) in 3,000 pastorates.

References 

Protestant denominations
Religion in India
The Toronto International Film Festival (or TIFF) is one of the largest and publicly attended movie festivals. It attracts over 480,000 people annually. It was founded in 1976.

In 2007, the Time magazine noted that TIFF had "grown from its place as the most influential fall film festival to the most influential film festival, period.

The festival's People's Choice Award has been an indicator of success in the awards season. Past movies include Academy Award winners, such as Slumdog Millionaire, The King's Speech, La La Land, 12 Years a Slave and Silver Linings Playbook.

Notable movie premieres
Movies such as American Beauty, Ray and Black Swan have premiered at the TIFF.

References

Movie festivals
Fred Hubbell (born April 25, 1951) is an American politician and businessman. He was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Iowa in the 2018 Governors' election.

Before running for office, Hubbell was the chairman of the Younkers department stores in the 1980s. He was also President of Equitable of Iowa.

On July 17, 2017, Hubbell declared his candidacy for the Governor of Iowa. On November 14, 2017, the Iowa Starting Line released a poll showing Fred Hubbell leading the Democratic primary.

Hubbell got 55% of the vote in the Democratic primary to become the party's nominee for Governor of Iowa. However, he lost the general election to Kim Reynolds.

Fred Hubbell was born in Des Moines, Iowa.

References

US Democratic Party politicians
Politicians from Des Moines, Iowa
Businesspeople from Iowa
1951 births
Living people
The Late May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho was a weather event in the United States from May 30-31, 1998. It affected the northern half of the country and southern Ontario, from Montana to the Mid-Atlantic states.

Weather events

Spencer, South Dakota tornado 
The first reports of severe weather were from Montana around 12:30 p.m. MDT. The tornado struck Spencer, South Dakota around 8:37 p.m. CDT. The Spencer tornado was an F4. Six people were killed in this tornado.

Derecho event (May 30-31) 

The same storm that produced the Spencer, South Dakota tornado turned into a derecho affecting Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontario, and New York. The derecho killed another 6 people.

New York and Pennyslvania tornadoes (May 31) 
On May 31, tornadoes broke out across Pennyslvania and New York, this being the most destructive to sweep across the two states since the 1985 United States-Canada tornado outbreak.

1998 in the United States
1998
Derechos
Severe weather
1998 in Canada
May events
Carmen Campagne  (September 8, 1959 – July 4, 2018) was a Canadian singer and children's entertainer. She, along with Connie Kaldor, received a Juno Award at the 1989 in the category Best Children's Album for Lullaby Berceuse. She was born in Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan.

In 2013, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada "for her contributions as a singer, songwriter and composer enhancing music for young children and using music in French-language education".

Campagne died of pancreatic cancer at age 58 on July 4, 2018, in Willow Bunch.

References

1959 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in Canada
Canadian singers
People from Saskatchewan
Adamu Ciroma (20 November 1934 – 5 July 2018) was a Nigerian politician.

Ciroma served as Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria. He was born in Potiskum, Yobe State. He was a member of the People's Democratic Party.

Ciroma was a founding member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP). He served as Minister of Finance in the government of Olusegun Obasanjo from 1999 to 2003. His wife Maryam Ciroma holds the position of PDP National Women leader in Nigeria.

References

1934 births
2018 deaths
Bankers
Nigerian politicians
Neil McDermott (born 15 December 1980) is an English stage and television actor. He is best known for portraying Ryan Malloy in the BBC television soap opera, EastEnders.

McDermott appeared in the 2008 Doctor Who episode "The Next Doctor", as well as Casualty and Rosemary and Thyme, amongst others, the feature movies Goal! and Blooded, and various stage productions including The Sound of Music in the West End. He trained at the Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts.

References

Other websites 
 

1980 births
English stage actors
English television actors
People from Merseyside
Living people
Farrah Lynn Abraham (born May 31, 1991) is an American reality television personality and pornography actress. She was born in Omaha, Nebraska, and raised in Council Bluffs, Iowa and Austin, Texas.

Abraham is known for starring in 16 and Pregnant in 2009, which documented the pregnancies and first months of motherhood for several young women. Later that year she was cast in the spin-off series Teen Mom, and appeared in each of its four seasons until its conclusion in 2012.

In 2012, she wrote her first memoir My Teenage Dream Ended. The book made it onto The New York Times Best Seller List.

Abraham began starring in sex tapes and pornography videos since 2014.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1991 births
Living people
American pornographic actors
American autobiographers
Writers from Omaha, Nebraska
Writers from Iowa
Writers from Austin, Texas
Actors from Omaha, Nebraska
Actors from Iowa
Actors from Austin, Texas
singers from Austin, Texas
Singers from Omaha, Nebraska
Singers from Iowa
American television presenters
Erotic dancers
Participants in American reality television series
People from Sicily
Syrian people
Bulle (, ) is a municipality of the district of Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. In January 2006 Bulle incorporated the formerly independent municipality of La Tour-de-Trême.

References

Other websites 
 
 Official website 
 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Cities in Switzerland
Mehrsa Baradaran (born April 3, 1978) is an Iranian-American law professor. She was born in Orumieh, Iran. She works in banking law at the University of Georgia. Her book How the Other Half Banks has received national and international media coverage.

In 2017, Baradaran publicly criticized President Donald Trump and his executive order that allowed an immigration ban.

References

1978 births
Living people
Iranian writers
Lawyers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Educators from Georgia (US)
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Novato ( ) is a city in northern Marin County, in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, in the U.S. state of California.  As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 51,904. It officially became a city on January 20th, 1960.

Novato is about  northwest of San Rafael and about  north of San Francisco on U.S. 101.

References

Other websites 

 Official website
 A Century of Gentle Seasons, The History of Novato

1960 establishments in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Cities in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Mill Valley is a city of Marin County in the state of California, United States.

It is about  north of San Francisco via the Golden Gate Bridge. The population was 13,903 at the 2010 census.

Actress and comedian Eve Arden was born there in 1908.

1900s establishments in California
1900 establishments in the United States
Cities in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
EA Vancouver (formerly known as EA Canada and also known as EA Burnaby) is a video game developer in Burnaby, British Columbia.

Studio is in Burnaby near Vancouver. In the complex there are several buildings where there are a theater, cafes, restaurants and a full-size football pitch. There is also a Motion Capture studio.

History 
The studio was founded in 1982 as Distinctive Software Inc. by Don Mattrick and Jeff Sember. In the late 1980s, Sember sold his shares to Mattrick. In 1991, it was bought by Electronic Arts and changed its name to EA Canada. A year later, 80 people worked for the studio, in 2000 it was already 660, in 2010 it employed 1,300 employees in British Columbia and 2,400 throughout the country.

In 2008, the decommissioned EA Black Box was added to EA Canada, which despite the merger still retained its name.

References

1983 establishments in Canada
Video game companies of Canada
British Columbia
, born , was a Japanese terrorist. He was the founder of the Japanese doomsday cult group Aum Shinrikyo. Asahara was convicted for being the mastermind behind the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack and several other crimes, for which he was sentenced to death in 2004.

In June 2012, his execution was postponed due to further arrests of Aum Shinrikyo members. He was executed by hanging on July 6, 2018.

References

Other websites
Aleph: the organization's official website, with an English section
A Japan Times article  about two documentary films on Aleph.
 BBC link & photos
IMDB: Documentary films A (1998) and A2 (2001) by Tatsuya Mori

1955 births
2018 deaths
Japanese people
Murderers
Terrorists
People executed by hanging
Executed people
The Tokyo subway sarin attack ( was an act of domestic terrorism on 20 March 1995, in Tokyo, Japan, by members of the cult movement Aum Shinrikyo. 13 people were killed. 

The group had already carried out several assassinations and terrorist attacks using sarin, including the Matsumoto sarin attack nine months earlier. They had also produced several other nerve agents, including VX. The cult had attempted to produce botulinum toxin and had perpetrated several failed acts of bioterrorism.

In the raid following the attack, police arrested many senior members of the cult. Police activity continued throughout the summer, eventually arresting over 200 members, including Asahara himself. Thirteen of the senior Aum management have been sentenced to death, with many others given prison sentences up to life. Leader Shoko Asahara was executed in July 2018.

Executions 
On July 6, 2018, Asahara and six other Aum Shinrikyo members were executed by hanging. Japan's Justice Minister Yōko Kamikawa stated that the crimes "plunged people, not only in Japan but in other countries as well, into deadly fear and shook society to its core". Amnesty International criticized the use of the death penalty. While executions are rare in Japan, they have public support according to surveys. There were 13 members on death row at the time:

Aum Shinrikyo members executed on 6 July 2018:
 Shoko Asahara, leader of Aum Shinrikyo
 Yoshihiro Inoue, Aum's "head of intelligence" and chief coordinator of the Tokyo subway attack
 Tomomitsu Niimi, the getaway driver for Ikuo Hayashi, one of the perpetrators of the Tokyo subway attack
 Tomomasa Nakagawa, a perpetrator of the Sakamoto family murder
 Kiyohide Hayakawa, Aum's "construction minister", convicted of strangling a young cult member in 1989 suspected of dissidence
 Seiichi Endo, the "head scientist" of Aum Shinrikyo
 Masami Tsuchiya, Aum Shinrikyo's chief chemist and director of the sarin gas manufacturing

The six remaining Aum Shinrikyo members were executed on 26 July 2018.
 Yasuo Hayashi, a perpetrator of the Tokyo subway attack
 Kenichi Hirose, a perpetrator of the Tokyo subway attack
 Toru Toyoda, a perpetrator of the Tokyo subway attack
 Masato Yokoyama, a perpetrator of the Tokyo subway attack
 Kazuaki Okazaki, a perpetrator of the Sakamoto family murder
 Satoro Hashimoto, a perpetrator of the Sakamoto family murder

References

Other websites
Aum Shinrikyo A history of Aum and list of Aum-related links
The Aum Supreme Truth Terrorist Organization – The Crime library Crime Library article about Aum
I got some pictures of sarin scattered on the metro floor Several pictures taken by One of the passengers on the scene (in Japanese)
"Homebrew chemical terror bombs, hype or horror?," The Register

1990s crimes in Asia
1990s disasters in Asia
1990s in Japan
20th century in Tokyo

March events
Mass murder in Asia
Mass murder in the 1990s
Murder in 1995
Terrorist incidents in Asia
Terrorist incidents in the 1990s
1995 in Asia
Jean-Louis Pierre Tauran (; 5 April 1943 – 5 July 2018) was a French cardinal of the Catholic Church. At his death he had been president of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue since 2007. 

He was made a cardinal in 2003 and was the Cardinal Protodeacon from 2011 to 2014. He was the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church since 20 December 2014 until his death.

Tauran died on 5 July 2018 from complications of Parkinson's disease in Hartford, Connecticut at the age of 75.

References

Other websites
Catholic-Hierarchy
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
Catholic-pages.com 
Al Jazeera interview 

1943 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in Connecticut
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
French Roman Catholics
General Secretary Xi Jinping important speech series is a book of the sayings of Xi Jinping, the current General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, published in 2014 and 2016. The book is a collection of quotations taken from Xi Jinping's speeches. The book was written by Party's Publicity Department and published by official People's Publishing House and Study Publishing House. Party's Organization Department ordered to communist staffs and university students must study this book and learn General Secretary's talking spirit.

Related pages
 The Little Red Book

Reference 

Chinese culture
Non-fiction books
Xi Jinping
Counterintelligence is an activity to protect a state against spies and other activities of a foreign intelligence service.

It includes "protecting an agency's intelligence program against an opposition's intelligence service". It refers to information gathered and steps taken to counter espionage. Other intelligence activities are taken to prevent sabotage, or assassinations by foreign powers, organizations or persons. Activities are taken against international terrorist groups and personnel. Work is done on physical, document or communications security programs.

Often counterintelligence at home is done by a different department from gathering intelligence abroad. For example, in the United Kingdom, there is a distinction between the Security Service (MI5) and the Special Branch of the Metropolitan Police. Arrests and interrogation is done by Special Branch. Gathering intelligence abroad is done by MI6, the Secret Intelligence Service.

In theory, the USA has a similar division between foreign activities and homeland activities. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a domestic security service. The CIA has no law enforcement function and does overseas intelligence gathering, with only limited domestic intelligence collection. In practice, the set-up is much more complex, and ever-changing. For one thing, the career of James Angleton and also the Watergate scandal shows how the CIA has been involved in mainland USA. The addition of the United States Department of Homeland Security was a recognition that the United States was itself a potential target of attack by its various enemies.

Russia may have been the first country to set up an official counterintelligence organisation: the Okhrana was set up in 1880. Its title 'Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order'. sounds very modern. There was an even earlier Russian security department called the 'Department on Protecting the Order and Public Peace'. It was founded in 1866. It would be fair to say that these Russian organisations were not directed towards foreign intelligence services, but against internal threats to public order. They were part of the MVD (Ministry of the Interior).

References 

Security
Espionage
A minicomputer is a type of computer that possesses most of the features and capabilities of a large computer but is smaller in physical size.

A minicomputer fills the space between the mainframe and microcomputer, and is smaller than the former but larger than the latter. It also has a terminal.  terminal is a device in which keyboard and monitor are integrated together

Minicomputers are mainly used as small or mid-range servers operating business and scientific applications. However, the use of the term minicomputer has diminished and has merged with servers.

A minicomputer may also be called a mid-range computer.

References

Computers
Karl Schlechta (28 January 1922 – 5 September 2016) was an Austrian football player and coach.

He played for Austria Wien, Sturm Graz and Rapid Wien.

Schlechta died on 5 September 2016 at the age of 94.

References 

1922 births
2016 deaths
Austrian footballers
Austrian football managers
SK Sturm Graz managers
Larkspur is a city of Marin County in the state of California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 11,926.

It is about  south of San Rafael.

1887 establishments in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Settlements in Marin County, California
Cities in California
Belvedere is a city of Marin County in the state of California, United States. The population was 2,068 at the 2010 census.

It is about  northeast of Sausalito.

1890s establishments in California
1896 establishments in the United States
Cities in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area