cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Demeter (Attic Greek: Δημήτηρ, Dēmḗtēr; Doric: Δαμάτηρ, Dāmā́tēr) is the goddess of the harvest and agriculture in ancient Greek religion and myth, one of the Twelve Olympians. The elder sister of Zeus, Demeter presided over grains and the fertility of the earth. She served as the patron goddess of farmers, and was believed to have taught men how to reap and cultivate the harvest. By Zeus, she is the mother of Persephone, the wife of Hades and queen of the underworld. Both she and Persephone were central figures of the Eleusinian Mysteries, a series of festivals held in honor of the two goddesses in the region of Attica. Her symbols were the scythe, cornucopia, wheat, bread and harvest grains, and the pig and snake were her sacred animals. Her Roman equivalent is Ceres.

In Greek Mythology, Demeter's daughter Persephone was kidnapped by Hades, and made her bride. Demeter grieved the loss of her daughter, bringing on a long famine. Eventually an accord was met by which Persephone would spend part of the year underground, and the rest above ground with her mother. This cycle is the Mythological explanation for the seasons.

Related pages 

 Ceres - Roman version of Demeter

Twelve Olympians
In Roman religion and myth, Ceres (Latin: Cerēs) is the goddess of agriculture, especially the growing of grains and cereals, fertility and motherly relationships. The Roman counterpart of Demeter, Ceres was the central deity of the Plebeian or Aventine Triad, comprised of her, Liber and Libera. She was the mother of Proserpine, who was married to Pluto, the god of the underworld. At Roman weddings, a boy carried the torch of Ceres to light the way to marital happiness. The dwarf planet Ceres is named for her.

Related pages
 Demeter - Greek mythology version of Ceres

Roman gods and goddesses
This is a list of Roman gods and goddesses that are in Roman mythology.

 Apollo- The god of light, music, and healing
 Aurora- The goddess of dawn
 Bacchus- The god of agriculture and wine
 Bellona- The goddess of war
 Caelus- The primal god of the sky and theology, iconography, and literature
 Ceres- The goddess of agriculture and grain
 Cupid- The god of love
 Cybele- The goddess of the Earth, nature, mountains, and wild animals
 Diana -The goddess of wild animals and the hunt
 Faunus- The god of the forest, fields, and plains
 Flora- The goddess of flowers and of the season of spring
 Fortuna - The goddess of luck
 Janus - The god of beginnings, gates, transitions, time, duality, doorways, passages, and endings
 Juno - The goddess of love, marriage, and fertility
 Jupiter- The god of thunder and the sky
 Mars - The god of war and fighting
 Mercury - The god of shopkeepers, merchants, travelers, transporters of goods, thieves, and tricksters. Messenger of the gods.
 Minerva- The goddess of wisdom, medicine, commerce, handicrafts, poetry, the arts, and war
 Neptune - The god of the sea and earthquakes
 Nyx - The primordial goddess of the night
 Pluto - The god of the underworld. God of death and the riches under the Earth
 Proserpina- The goddess of fertility, wine, and agriculture
 Pomona - The goddess of fruitful abundance
 Saturn- The god of generation, dissolution, plenty, wealth, periodic renewal, liberation, and time
 Spes- The goddess of hope
 Terra- The goddess of the Earth
 Venus- The goddess of love and beauty
 Veritas- The goddess of truth
 Vesta- The goddess of the hearth, the home, and domestic life
 Vulcan- The god of fire and blacksmiths

Related pages
List of names of mythological gods, a comparison of names of Greek, Roman, Etruscan, Norse and Meitei gods and goddesses

Lists of gods and goddesses
Staten Island is a borough of New York City. Fewer than half a million people live there, the smallest population of any of the five boroughs. Three bridges connect Staten Island to New Jersey, and the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge connects to Brooklyn. A passenger railroad runs along the south shore to the northeast end of the island, which is called Saint George. The borough has the same boundaries as the county Richmond County.

The free Staten Island Ferry carries 21 million passengers each year the five miles (eight km) across New York Harbor between Saint George and Manhattan. Nine ferry boats provide the service which began in 1817.

England took control of New Netherland in the Second Anglo-Dutch War in the 17th century and made Staten Island part of New York instead of new Jersey.

References

Other websites 

 Staten Island Live
 Staten Island -Citizendium

Islands of New York
County seats in New York
 
1661 establishments
1660s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
17th-century establishments in New York
A borough is an administrative division in many countries.  It is a kind of local government. 

The term borough can means a self-governing township. 

In medieval times, boroughs were settlements with some self-government. Boroughs were particularly common in England, Germany and Scotland. In medieval England, boroughs had also the right to elect members of parliament. (The Borough in Southwark, London is thought to have been the original 'borough' of which all others come from.)

Usually a borough is a single town with its own local government. 
But in some cities it is a sub-division of the city (e.g. London, New York City, Toronto, Montreal). In such cases the borough will normally have either limited powers delegated to it by the city's local government or no powers at all. At certain times London has had no overall city government and London boroughs were the main unit of local government for Londoners. 
In other places, such as Alaska, a borough does not mean a single township, but a whole region - in other words, it is similar to a county. In Australia borough can mean a town and its surrounding area, e.g. the Borough of Queenscliffe.

Boroughs exist in United Kingdom, more specifically in England and Northern Ireland, in the Canadian province of Quebec, in some states of the United States, in Israel, and formerly they also existed in New Zealand. 

At the end of a word, -borough (or -brough) is found in the name of many towns and cities in England; in southern England it is usually spelt -bury. The suffix -bury is also used in the New England region of the United States, while -burg (or -burgh) is more common in Scotland and the American South and West.
Echo was a nymph in Greek mythology, and an Oread (a mountain nymph).  She was very beautiful, but loved her own voice.

Hera
According to Ovid, Echo once had the job of distracting Hera from Zeus having relationships with other women. She did this by leading Hera away and flattering her. When Hera found out she was very angry with Echo. She put a curse on her that meant that she could only speak the last words of other people after she had heard them. It is due to this story that we get the meaning behind the word echo.

Narcissus
After she was cursed, Echo fell in love with Narcissus.  Narcissus was very handsome and anybody who saw him always fell in love with him.  However, Narcissus had no heart and could not fall in love with anybody.  Echo could not speak to Narcissus but wanted to be able to see him.  She therefore followed him everywhere, but made sure that he could not see her.

Narcissus got lost and called out "Is anyone here?".  Echo said back "Here, here, here."  Narcissus then asked Echo to come out of her hiding place.  Echo did so and then told Narcissus that she loved him by hand movements. Narcissus, who was angry that so many people loved him, told Echo that he did not love her.

Echo was very upset and prayed to Aphrodite for death.  Aphrodite granted Echo's wish, but she liked Echo's voice so much she kept it alive.

Narcissus also rejected Echo and broke her heart. She then went and haunted valleys and mountainous areas where echoes are able to be heard in all hollow places of the earth.

Pan
This is a different story about Echo's death.  Echo was a talented dancer and singer, but did not like the love of any man.  This caused another god, called Pan, to become angry.  He had Echo killed and split into pieces.  These pieces were spread about the world, but were collected up by Gaia.  Echo's voice was not collected, so it remains all over the world and still says the last words that other people have said.  In some versions of the story, Echo and Pan have a child who was called Iambe.

Nymphs
Harmonia (; ) is the goddess of harmony and concord in Greek mythology. She is the daughter of Ares and Aphrodite. She is the opposite of Eris, goddess of strife and discord. Her Roman counterpart is Concordia.

Origins 
Harmonia is the daughter of Ares and Aphrodite. Her children are Ino, Polydorus, Autonoe, Agaue and Semele with Kadmos. As goddess of harmony, she is the opposite of Eris, the goddess of strife and discord.

Related pages
 Eris - the goddess of strife and the opposite god of Harmonia in Greek mythology

Greek gods and goddesses
The president pro tempore ( or ), or president pro tem, of the United States Senate is the longest serving senator from the majority political party in the United States Senate.  According to the Constitution, this is the fourth highest office in the United States. It is the third in the U.S. presidential line of succession (behind the vice president and the speaker of the House). Many state senates also use the office of President pro tem.

Officially the vice president is the person in charge of the Senate, but they are not a Senator.  Patrick Leahy (D-VT) is the president pro tempore. When the vice president cannot be in charge, the president pro tempore is in charge of the Senate. Many people still think of the president pro tempore as de facto president of the Senate. Benjamin Wade was only one vote away from becoming the president of the United States due to the impeachment of Andrew Johnson. No president pro tempore has taken over the presidency as of March 2020.

Probably the most famous presidents pro tempore were John Langdon (first in this office), David Rice Atchison (D-MO), Benjamin Wade (R-OH), Arthur Vandenberg (R-MI), Carl Hayden (D-AZ) Richard Russell, Jr. (D-GA), Strom Thurmond (R-SC), Robert Byrd (D-WV), Daniel Inouye (D-HI), Orrin Hatch (R-UT) and Chuck Grassley (R-IA).

When Senator Hubert Humphrey, a former vice president, was seriously ill, the Senate showed its respect for him by creating the office of Deputy President Pro tempore for any former president or vice president who is elected to the Senate.  No vice president since Humphrey has done this.

President pro tempore emeritus 
Since 2001, the honorary title of president pro tempore emeritus has been given to a Senator of the minority party who has previously served as president pro tempore. The position has been held by:

 Strom Thurmond (R-South Carolina) (2001-2003)
 Robert Byrd (D-West Virginia) (2003-2007)
 Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) (2007-2009) 
 Patrick Leahy (D-Vermont) (2015-2021)
 Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) (since 2021)

References
David John Tennant (né McDonald; 18 April 1971) is a Scottish actor. He is known for portraying the Tenth Doctor on Doctor Who from 2005 to 2010 and as Giacomo Casanova in the television series Casanova.

In 2011, Tennant had a daughter with Georgia Moffett. Later that year he adopted Moffett's son. The couple married in December 2011. In May 2013, the couple had a son. In November 2015, the couple had a daughter.

Programmes he has been in 
1994: Takin' Over the Asylum — Campbell McBain
1998: Duck Patrol — Darwin
2001: People Like Us — Rob Harker (1 episode)
2002: Foyle's War — Theo Howard (1 episode)
2004: He Knew He Was Right — Rev Gibson
2004: Blackpool — DI Carlisle
2005: Casanova — Young Giacomo Casanova
2005: The Quatermass Experiment — Dr Gordon Briscoe
2005–2010: Doctor Who — The Doctor
2005: Secret Smile — Brendan Block
2005: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire — Barty Crouch Junior
2007: Recovery — Alan Hamilton
2008: Einstein & Eddington — Arthur Eddington
2009: Hamlet — Hamlet
2010: Single Father — Dave
2011: United'' — Jimmy Murphy

Other websites 

1971 births
Living people
Doctor Who
Scottish movie actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish voice actors
The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American television network. Along with CBS, NBC and Fox, it is one of the country's four major television networks. The network is owned by The Walt Disney Company following the acquisition of Disney Channel's consumer business.

ABC Television Shows
The Goldbergs
The Rookie
American Idol

References

Other website 

Official site
ABC  at the Museum of Broadcast Communications Encyclopedia of Television

1943 establishments in the United States
American Broadcasting Company
Companies based in New York City
Disney companies
Fox (styled as FOX) is an American television network. Along with ABC, CBS, and NBC, it is one of the country's four major television networks. It is owned by Fox Entertainment Group.

Fox Television shows
The Simpsons
Family Guy
Bob's Burgers
Bless the Harts
Duncanville
Last Man Standing
The Resident
9-1-1
The Masked Singer
American Idol

References

Fox Broadcasting Company
1986 establishments in the United States
ABC are the first three letters in the Latin alphabet.

Media 
 American Broadcasting Company, a television network in the United States
 Associated Broadcasting Company, a television network in the Philippines
 Australian Broadcasting Corporation, a television network in Australia
 ABC Family, a cable and satellite television network in the United States

Music 
 "ABC" (The Jackson 5 song), a 1970 hit song
 ABC (The Jackson 5 album), a 1970
 "ABC-DEF-GHI", a 1969 song sung by Big Bird of Sesame Street

Other 
 Abc notation, a musical notation language
Papua New Guinea is an island country located on the Pacific Ocean. It is the east half of New Guinea island, plus some nearby islands. The capital city of Papua New Guinea is Port Moresby. The population of Papua New Guinea are mostly the Indigenous peoples of the island.

The island is in both Australasia and Oceania, which are two different terms for the continent of islands in the Pacific area. It borders Indonesia to the west and near Australia to the south.

Divisions

Administrative divisions 
Papua New Guinea is divided into four regions.  These regions are important for government, commercial, sporting and other activities.

The nation has 20 province-level divisions: eighteen, the Autonomous Region of Bougainville and the National Capital District. Each province is divided into one or more districts.  The districts are divided into one or more Local Level Government areas.

The province-level divisions are as follows:

Parliament has approved two additional provinces by 2012: Hela Province, which will be part of the current Southern Highlands Province, and Jiwaka Province, which will be formed by dividing Western Highlands Province.

References

Other websites 

 Government of Papua New Guinea 
 Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
 
 Papua New Guinea focused wiki 
 

 
Current monarchies
English-speaking countries
Commonwealth realms
1975 establishments
1970s establishments in Oceania
The Roman Forum is an area of the city of Rome which the ancient city developed around. It is the place where commerce, business, cult, and the administration of justice took place. 

It was for centuries the centre of Roman public life. It was the site of triumphal processions and elections; the venue for public speeches, criminal trials, and gladiatorial matches. It was also the heart of commerce. Here statues and monuments mark the city's great men. It has been called the most celebrated meeting place in the world, and in all history. 

The Forum is in the small valley between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills. Today it is a sprawling ruin of architectural fragments and excavations. It has 4.5 million sightseers each year.

Buildings in the Forum 
The Roman Forum is famous for the number of buildings and other ancient ruins that it contains. These include:
Temple of Castor and Pollux
Temple of Vesta

References 

Ancient Rome
A playwright is a person who writes plays for the stage. Because the name of such a text is drama, another word for this person is dramatist. Sometimes, dramas are written to be read and not played. In that case, they are called closet dramas.

The word wright does not come from write. It is an ancient English term for a builder. For example, a wheelwright makes wheels. In a similar way, a playwright makes plays. When the term was first used, it was meant as an insult. Today it has lost this meaning.

History
The first playwrights in Western literature whose plays still exist were the Ancient Greeks. They were written around the 5th century BC. These playwrights are important as they wrote in a way that is still used by modern playwrights. Important among them are Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes.

The most famous playwright may be William Shakespeare. A lot of later work is based on his tragedies and comedies. For example, Kiss Me, Kate is based on Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew, and his Romeo and Juliet has been made again many times. Tom Stoppard created the play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead in 1966 which is a modern adaptation of Hamlet.

Modern playwrights 
Modern playwrights are usually less famous than past playwrights. Since television and movies were invented, theater has become less popular. Because it is less popular, not as many tickets are sold now, and producers often do not have enough money to make plays, and many playwrights are not known.

References 

Plays
Entertainment occupations
 
Writing
Iambe was the goddess of rhyme and merriment in Greek mythology. She was the daughter of Pan and Echo.

Iambic pentameter 
Iambe is said to have created the iambic pentameter verse pattern in poetry. This is a metered verse with two different sounds, and it was named after Iambe. The iambic pentameter verse is used by many poets, one of which is William Shakespeare.

Demeter 
In the myth, Demeter, was sad about losing her daughter, Persephone. It was only Iambe who was able to make Demeter laugh. She did this by using poetry and wit to cheer Demeter up. When Demeter was not sad any more, the earth became fertile again. Iambe then became Demeter's first priestess.

Greek gods and goddesses

fr:Ïambe
Bernie Little (born in McComb, Ohio on circa 1926 - died April 25, 2003) was the most successful owner in Unlimited Hydroplane racing history. His Miss Budweiser team won 134 of the 354 hydroplane races they entered. They won the high points championship 22 years in 40 years of competition, and the Gold Cup 14 times.

Racing career 
Little's team is also known for making an enclosed driver's seat to improve driver safety, after driver Dean Chenoweth was killed in a crash during a race in 1982.

His team employed some of the biggest names in their field, including designer Ron Jones, and driver Chip Hanauer who won more Gold Cup races than any other driver. He is second only to Bill Muncey in total races won.

Awards and recognition 
Little has been inducted into the Unlimited Hydroplane Hall of Fame, the Florida Sports Hall of Fame, and the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America. Chenoweth, Hanauer, and another driver for Little, Tom D'Eath, are also in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America.

References 
Bernie Little obituary  - from the American Boat Racing Association website
Bernie Little - King of Boats - by Fred Farley - APBA Unlimited Historian

1926 births
2003 deaths
Sportspeople from Ohio
Perseus () is a hero in Greek mythology. He is the legendary founder of Mycenae and is most famous for killing the Gorgon Medusa. He is a demigod, the son of Zeus and the mortal princess Danaë. With his wife, the Ethiopian princess Andromeda, his children are the sons Perses, Alkaios, Sthenelos, Elektryon, and the daughter Gorgophone. Perseus is also the great-grandfather of Herakles, as well as his half-brother.

Birth
King Akrisios of Argos was told by an oracle that he would be killed by his grandchild. Because of that he put his daughter Danaë in a tower where no one was allowed to enter, so she could not have a child. But the god Zeus could enter in the form of a golden rain, and with him her child was Perseus.

Akrisios then put Danaë and her baby Perseus in a box and threw it into the sea. But Zeus tells the sea-god Poseidon to help them, and so Danaë and her son come to the island Seriphos. There they are found by Diktys, who lets them live with him.

A long time after that, the grown up Perseus takes part in some funeral games. During the games Perseus throws a discus, which accidentally hits Akrisios. Akrisios is killed by it: he was killed by his grandchild, like the oracle's prophecy said.

Perseus and Medusa 

Perseus was sent to retreive Medusa's head by King Polydectes, who wanted him dead so he could marry his mother. To do this, he was advised by Athena to seek the Gray sisters, who told him how to fight Medusa when he stole their eye. Hermes lent Perseus winged sandals, Hades lent him his helm of darkness (which makes the wearer invisible), and Athena lent him a shield which he could see Medusa's reflection in, since whoever looked her in the eye would turn to stone. With all these magic items, Perseus was able to cut off Medusa's head. On the way back home, he fights a sea monster to save Andromeda, who is chained to a cliff as a sacrifice, and marries her.
People in Greek mythology
Niccolò Paganini (27 October 1782 – 27 May 1840) was an Italian composer and violin player.  He is believed to be one of the greatest violinists who ever lived.  He was born in Genoa, Italy and died in Nice, France. 

Paganini was the perfect virtuoso during his time although many other violinists slowly approach and some appear to be as virtuosic as him too.  He was said to be a show off during his time and many wanted to challenge his violin skills.  Paganini once broke all of the strings on his violin except the G-string and played a piece just on one string to show how good he was. 

He intonated the violin in a different way to sound different.  He was the master of violin technique and invented many new techniques such as ricochet bowing, flying staccato, and left hand pizzicato.  His 24 Caprices for Solo Violin, Op.1 are his most famous compositions.  Paganini was good friends with Franz Liszt, a similarly magnificent virtuoso.  Liszt admired Paganini.  In his teenage years he watched Paganini playing, and determined to be a virtuoso as Paganini in piano.

Other websites 
Viola in music – Niccolò Paganini
Free Family Tree

1782 births
1840 deaths
Italian composers
People from Genoa
Romantic composers
Violinists
Winnie the Pooh, also called Pooh Bear, is a fictional anthropomorphic teddy bear. He was created by A. A. Milne. He is based on a stuffed toy that belonged to Milne's son, Christopher Robin Milne. The toy was named after "Winnipeg" ("Winnie" for short), who was a black bear at the London Zoo, and "Pooh", which was a nickname Milne and his son had given to a swan. The first book was published in 1926. Other books were published later. Walt Disney made a series of cartoons based on the books. The Walt Disney Company still owns the character.

Pooh is a small yellow bear. He is nearly  tall. He wears an old red t-shirt. His favorite food is honey. The first thing he says when he gets up in the morning is "What's for breakfast?". He invented the game "Poohsticks".

Pooh has several friends. Their names are Piglet, Eeyore, Tigger, Rabbit, Kanga and Roo, Owl, Gopher, and Christopher Robin. Piglet is a small timid pig. Eeyore is an old grey donkey. Tigger is an energetic tiger. Rabbit is a kind-hearted rabbit. Kanga is a female kangaroo. Roo is Kanga's son.

The first book, Winnie-the-Pooh, was published on October 15, 1926 by Methuen & Company. The second book was The House at Pooh Corner, which was published on October 11, 1928. The poetry book When We Were Very Young was published in 1924 and Now We Are Six was published in 1927. Return to Hundred Acre Wood was written by David Benedictus and published on October 5, 2009. The Best Bear in All the World was published in 2016 to mark the 90th anniversary of the first Winnie-the-Pooh book.

There have been quite a few series created by Walt Disney based on these books. The stories are translated into many languages.

A Disney movie about Pooh, The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, was made in March 1977. Winnie the Pooh was made in July 2011. A live-action movie directed by Marc Forster and based on A. A. Milne's books, entitled Christopher Robin, was released in 2018.

Cast and characters in adaptations

Other websites 

Characters in written fiction
Fictional bears
Disney characters
Kingdom Hearts characters
Winnie the Pooh
Aleksander Kwaśniewski (; born 15 November 1954) is a Polish politician. He served as President for two terms (1995-2000 and 2000-2005). He was, before being elected first time, member of the Democratic Left Alliance, but after assumed duties he became an independent. Before 1989 he was a member of Polish United Workers Party (communist). He was preceded by Lech Wałęsa and succeeded by Lech Kaczyński.

He was born in Białogard in Northwest Poland. Before became a politician, he was a journalist. Before became President, he was minister and deputy to the Sejm. In the late 1980s, he participated in the Polish Round Table Agreement.

In 1995 election, he won in the second round, but five years later he won in the first round.

Other websites 

 Official web page 

1954 births
Living people
Presidents of Poland
A NAND gate is a logic gate used to build digital logic circuits.
It is a combination of an AND and NOT gate.
The name refers to this.
The NAND gate is a “universal gate”, that means all other types of logic gates can be obtained by wiring exclusively one or more NAND gates in a particular manner.

Behavior 
Given two inputs, A and B, A NAND B will be true if at most one of A and B is true.
In other words, A NAND B is false if both A and B are true, and true otherwise.

Symbols 
There are three symbols for drawing NAND gates in electrical circuit schematics:
the "distinctive shape" symbol, the “military” symbol, and the “rectangular” symbol.
For more information see logic gate symbols.

Application 
Since a NAND gate is a universal gate, microprocessors can be built using this type of gate only.
For example:
 the negation can be represented by ¬A ≡ A ⊼ A
 and the disjunction can be obtained by A ∨ B ≡ (A ⊼ A) ⊼ (B ⊼ B)

Logic gates

es:Puerta lógica#Puerta NO-Y (NAND)
fa:ادات شفر
Gilli "िगल्ली" -danda "डन्डा" is a game played by children in India and Pakistan. It is usually played by using a small round stick, about as long as a baseball or cricket bat. This is the danda. There is another smaller stick, round in the middle and tapering towards the ends. This is the gilli. The game gilli-danda is similar to cricket. It is also believed to be the origin of cricket.

Players
This game is also know as Viti Dandu, Kitti Pul and by other variations as well. It is a sport originated from the Indian subcontinent and is also played in the rural areas as well as in small towns over southern Asia, Cambodia, Turkey, South Africa, Italy, Poland and in some Caribbean Islands like Cuba.

Rules
To play the game, one team uses the "danda" to hit one of the tapered ends of the "gilli" with force. This causes the "gilli" to flip through the air. While the "gilli" is airborne, the opposing team's hitter attempts to smack it like one would as if playing cricket. The one who hits the "gilli" the farthest will wins. It is played with two teams. One side pitches the "gilli" using the big "danda" (not the bare hands), to the other team's hitter. The hitter, using his "danda" then hits the "gilli". In the course of the play, if the "gilli" is caught, then those players who pitched with the big "danda" to the hitter, are out of the game.If the gilli falls on the ground the fielder closest to the gilli gets an oppurtunity to make the hitter out.He has to throw the gilli towards the danda if the danda is been hit by the gilli it means the striker is out if not then the fielder gains 1 point.When the striker gains 1 point he will get 3 tries to hit the danda if the gilli still does'nt hit the danda the striker is out.If he is successful,the 1 point which he gained will continue.At the end who has the maximum points wins the game.It was most popularly played around 1970 to 1980 throughout India and Pakistan and is played to this day.

Games
Indian culture
Pakistani culture
The Southern United States (also known as The Southern States or "The South" among Americans) is a term for the Southeastern part of the United States. All Confederate States were in the South, but not all Southern States joined the Confederacy.  The States farthest to the south are called the "Deep South". Even though Arizona, New Mexico and southern California are  geographically southern parts of United States, they are usually classified as the Southwestern United States and not the South (the climate, culture and ethnic makeup of the Southwest are also different from the South).

Most of the South is a land of long, hot summers. Winters are mostly short and cool. There is much rainfall. This combination gives the South a long growing season. Important crops include cotton, tobacco, peanuts, and peaches.

The States that make up "The South" are usually considered to be:
 Virginia 
 Tennessee
 Arkansas
 Louisiana
 North Carolina
 South Carolina
 Mississippi
 Alabama
 Georgia
 Florida
 Texas
Washington, D.C. (although not a state, it is part of the south)
Border States are also sometimes called Southern:
 Oklahoma
 West Virginia
 Kentucky
 Maryland
 Delaware
 Missouri

The cuisine of the Southern United States is distinct from other regions.

Demographics
Except for Florida and Texas, most of the South did not have as many immigrants arriving from other countries as the rest of the United States did, in the late 19th and 20th centuries.  Most of the people in the South are of English, Scottish, or Irish ancestry, or the descendants of African-American slaves.  Some Southerners identify themselves as being of "American" ancestry.

Census Regions of the United States
A greenhouse gas is a gas which reflects radiation that the Earth emits, and stops it from being lost into space. This makes the Earth hotter than it would be without greenhouse gases. This is called the "greenhouse effect".

Most greenhouse gases are natural - water vapor is the most common, and causes most of the greenhouse effect on Earth. Other greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbon  and ozone. 

Without greenhouse gases, life as we know it would probably not be possible on Earth, because heat is important for life. Natural emissions of greenhouse gases vary. For example, the great volcanic eruptions that created the Siberian Traps a quarter billion years ago may have released enough gases to partly cause the Permian–Triassic extinction event which killed most life on Earth. 

However, humans are adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. This is making the planet's average temperature rise by increasing the greenhouse effect. The most important greenhouse gas that humans add to the atmosphere is carbon dioxide, which is now about 0.04% of the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is released when people burn fossil fuels, like oil, coal, and natural gas. Carbon dioxide emissions come mostly from transportation, energy and industries. The biggest is burning fossil fuels to make heat and electricity: but if we look at where the electricity is used the biggest is industry.  The Food and Agriculture Organization said emissions associated with livestock added up to 7.1 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) per year – or 14.5% of all human-caused greenhouse releases. This is more than the 13% that comes from global transport (including all cars and planes) each year.

Water vapour is the most abundant of these gases, and it reacts to climate change. In other words, when the atmosphere is warm, there is more water vapour. Thus there is a higher possibility of clouds and precipitation. 

In addition to burning fossil fuels, human beings reduce the planets absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by cutting down trees. Methane is also added to the atmosphere by raising cattle and other farm animals, such as geese, turkeys, pigs, chickens, and sheep. Scientists have shown that producing 1 kg of beef results in more CO2 emissions than going for a three-hour drive while leaving all the lights on at home. Additionally, human activity adds water vapor to the atmosphere through increased evaporation by the use of cooling towers in thermal cycle power plants or creation of artificial lakes. These activities contribute to global warming.

References

Other websites 
 The Climate Change Guide easy-to-understand information on the Greenhouse gases
2040 (MMXL) will be .

Predicted events

February 
 February 6 – Early Macintosh computers cannot recognise dates after this day.

May 
 May 2 – Partial solar eclipse

September 
 September 8 – Major alignment of the planets

November 
 November 4 – Partial solar eclipse

Unknown Dates 
 2040 Summer Olympics will be held.
 If the United States had not returned land for bases on Bermuda in 2002, a ninety-nine year lease (signed in 1941) would have expired.

 Climatologists predict that sometime in 2040 the Arctic Ocean will be free of ice, at least during the autumn. (News reports, December 2006).

Fictional events 
The anime series Macross Plus and Bubblegum Crisis Tokyo 2040 are both set in this year.
 In the universe of Star Trek: The Next Generation, the television becomes obsolete.
 A collection of Doctor Who short stories, Short Trips, is also set in that year.

2040
Years in the future
John Wayne Mixson (June 16, 1922 – July 8, 2020) was an American politician. He was born in New Brockton, Alabama, but was raised in Jackson County, Florida. He was a democrat.

He served in Florida's House of Representatives. In 1978 he was elected a lieutenant governor (deputy governor) to governor Bob Graham. They were reelected in 1982. Mixson served as lieutenant governor from 1979 to 1987. During his second term he was also state Secretary of Commerce. In 1987, Graham resigned from office to become U.S. Senator. Mixson was sworn in as governor for three days, from January 3 to January 6, when governor-elect Bob Martinez (Rep.) took over.

During the 2004 presidential election, Mixson crossed party lines to endorse the re-election of President George W. Bush. 

Mixson died on July 8, 2020 in Tallahassee, Florida at the age of 98.

References

1922 births
2020 deaths
Governors of Florida
Lieutenant Governors of Florida
Politicians from Alabama
US Democratic Party politicians
State legislators of the United States
Neustadt an der Weinstraße is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It has about 54,000 people. The main parts of the town's economy are tourism and winegrowing. Every year the town is the location of the German wine harvest festival with the election of the Gerrman wine queen.

Districts 
Its districts are 
 Diedesfeld,
 Duttweiler,
 Geinsheim,
 Gimmeldingen,
 Haardt,
 Hambach,
 Königsbach,
 Lachen-Speyerdorf,
 Mußbach, and
 Winzingen.

Culture and sights 
 Hambach Castle
 Saalbau
 Elwetritsch fountain
 Railway Museum
 Villa Böhm
 Wolfscastle

Traffic 
Neustadt have two on-ramps (North and South) of the highway A 65.
Except for the central station, the town have a second railroad station (Böbig) and a third (South).

Economy 
Neustadt is the seat of the Hornbach Holding AG and Team Rosberg.

Twin towns 
 , Lincoln
 , Mâcon
 , Musange
 , Manchester, New Hampshire
 , Mersin-Yenisehir
 , Wernigerode
 , Quanzhou

References

Other websites
Reubin O'Donovan Askew (September 11, 1928 - March 13, 2014) was an American politician. He was a democrat from Florida. He was born in Muskogee (Oklahoma), but since 1937 he lived in Florida. He was a lawyer. He served both in US Army and US Air Force.

Early life
Askew was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma. He studied at Florida State University and at University of Florida Levin College of Law. Askew married Donna Lou Harper in August 1956.

Career
Prior to becoming governor, Askew served as state representative (1959-1963) and state senator (1963-1970). For a year (1969-1970) he was president pro tempore of this body.

He was elected governor in the same year and assumed duties in January 1971. He was one of the first southern governors (alongside Jimmy Carter of Georgia) yo openly support desegregation. In 1972 then-democratic Presidential nominee, senator George McGovern of South Dakota offered him vice presidency, but Askew declined it. McGovern lost to Richard Nixon.

Askew was reelected in 1974 and served until early 1979. After leaving office he was, for two years, United States Trade Representative under President Carter.

In 1984 he ran for President, but was defeated in the primary.

Personal life
Askew had two children; one son and one daughter. Askew lived in Tallahassee, Florida.

Death
Askew died at the age of 85 on March 13, 2014 at his Tallahassee home, after a recent stroke.

Legacy
He was regarded by many (including Harvard Scholars) as one of the best U.S. governors in the 20th Century.

References

Other websites

Official Governor's portrait and biography from the State of Florida
Florida DeMolay hall of Fame website
DeMolay hall of Fame website 
NYTimes obituary

1984 United States presidential candidates
American military people
United States Trade Representatives
Askew, Reubin
Politicians from Oklahoma
Deaths from stroke
1928 births
2014 deaths
The Trabant (or Trabi) was a series of cars built in the German Democratic Republic. When the first cars were released, people saw them as being innovative. The cars were also easy on fuel, they did not need much fuel. Trabant had a two-stroke engine. The outside of the Trabant was not made with steel or iron, because the German Democratic Republic did not want to import steel and iron for the cars, because that would have been too expensive. Instead, the Trabant was made of Duroplast, a special kind of plastic, made by mixing formica and bakelite, and made stronger with fibres of cotton. They could afford some steel from Russia, and this was used for the engine and the floor, and to give the plastic strength. After the Berlin Wall was opened the Trabant did not sell as much as before, because the people wanted bigger cars that they could get after the wall was opened. Trabants can still be found in East Europe, for example in Hungary.

Criticism 
The Trabant was a small car, good for driving in the city. The two-stroke engine created lots of air pollution, but because of the plastic body, it was stronger and safer than western cars of the same time. It was famous for being better in a crash test than a VW Polo.

Versions 

Between 1957 and 1990, about 3 million Trabants were built. As of January 2005, about 67.000 such cars were still registered.

Gallery 

Automobiles
Brok nad Bugiem (English: Brok near Bug) is a small town in Mazowsze Voivodship, Poland. Brok is in Ostrowian County (head town of this region is Ostrów Mazowiecka). Brok is one of the smallest places in Europe with town status (since 1500).

 Area: 28,05 km²
 Number of people (as of 2004): 1882
 Community: Brok
 Post code: 07-306
 Current Mayor: Stanisław Bębenek (since 2002)

Brok is regarded by many as one of the most beautiful places in this part of Poland. This is a tourist town near two rivers: Bug and one also named Brok.

Attractions include:
 Gothic Church (built 1560)
 Old Jewish Cemetery
 Location (Puszcza Biała, White Wood)
 Many old houses

Towns in Poland
Ostrowian County (Poland)
Events 
 March 6 – Treaty of Toledo – Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize African conquests of Afonso of Portugal and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain
 Great standing on the Ugra river – Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde and Moscow becomes the capital of Russia.
 Ludovico Sforza becomes Regent of Milan (reigns until 1499)
 Concorts and co-rulers Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile initiate the Spanish Inquisition (looking for heretics in converted Jews)
 Leonardo da Vinci invents the parachute
 Mohamed II fails in his attempt to capture Rhodes from the Knights of Rhodes
 Magdalen College School, Oxford starts.
 The Inca Empire conquers northwest Argentina.

Births 
 Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese explorer who was the first to sail around the world.
 Pier Gerlofs Donia, a huge pirate who fought for the independence of Friesland.
 Pir Sultan Abdal, Turkish poet.
 Peter Henlein, German inventor who may have first invented the watch.

Deaths 
 Antonio Squarcialupi, Italian composer
Herb Alpert (born March 31, 1935 in Los Angeles, California) is an American musician. He is known for his trumpet playing with his group, Tijuana Brass. He is also the co-founder and one of the heads of A&M Records.

References

Other websites

Musicians from Los Angeles
Trumpeters
1935 births
Living people
Hangeul () (formerly Hangul 한굴) is the alphabet (or alphabetic syllabary) used for the Korean language.

It was made by Sejong the Great, the 4th King of the Joseon Dynasty in 1443. It is still being used now. When Hangeul was spreading, King Sejong published Hunminjeong'eum Haeryebon (훈민정음 해례본). It was picked as the 'Memory of the World' by UNESCO in 1997. 

In this book, the design ideas of Hangeul and information about its use were written down in detail. The book Hunminjeong'eum Haeryebon states the two design ideas of Hangeul. The first one is that the consonants of Hangeul look like vocal organs. The second one is that the vowels of Hangeul are based on Cheonji'in (천지인). Cheonji'in refers to the three elements of philosophy which are sky (천), earth (지) and human (인). Because of these ideas, Hangeul is well known for being easy to learn.

Although it was only used by the lower classes at first, Hangeul became the official writing script of Korea in the late 19th century. Today it is the most used writing system of both North Korea and South Korea. North Korea abolished the use of Hanja, and today North Koreans write only in Hangeul. In South Korea, people write mostly in Hangeul, but sometimes Hanja is still used.

Vowels 
Vowels are letters like A, E, O and so on

There are 21 letters for vowels in Hangul.
 10 simple ones,  ㅏㅓㅣㅑㅕ  and  ㅗㅜㅡㅛㅠ.
 11 more complicated combinations:  ㅐㅒㅔㅖ and ㅘㅙㅚㅝㅞㅟㅢ.

Meaning:

{|
|-----
| ㅏ || ㅓ || ㅣ || ㅑ || width="40" | ㅕ || ㅗ || ㅜ || ㅡ
| ㅛ || width="40" | ㅠ || ㅐ || ㅒ
| ㅔ || width="40" | ㅖ || ㅘ || ㅙ || ㅚ || ㅝ
| ㅞ || ㅟ
ㅢ
|-----
| a || eo || i || ya || yeo || o || u || eu
| yo || yu || ae || yae || e || ye || wa || wae || oe || wo
| we || wi
eui
|-----
|}
Those with two small lines are pronounced with an extra "y" first.

Consonants 
Consonants are letters like B, G, L, M, N, S and so on.There are 14 simple consonants: ㄱㄴㄷㄹㅁㅂㅅㅇㅈㅊㅋㅌㅍㅎThey can be written two next to each other. Meaning:

The consonants the Korean language uses written in Latin letters are:
B, D, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, R, S, T, W, Y.

Blocks 
The consonants and vowels are combined into blocks of syllables. A syllable means one vowel and a few consonants, like "han" and "geul".

The blocks look like these examples: 서울 한글 평양

Examples

References

Other websites 

 

Alphabets
Korea
1443 establishments
15th-century establishments in Asia
Korean language
Sascha Fischer (born 24 December 1970 in Stuttgart) is a German rugby player. He started with volleyball, then he began to play rugby for DSV 1878 Hannover (Lower Saxony). Right now he is playing in France as a pro for C.A. Périgueux-Dordogne. With his former team, C.S. Bourgoin-Jallieu, he took part at Heineken Cup. He is 6 feet, 8 inches tall (2.08 meters) and one of the tallest rugby players in Europe. He is a 27 time national player for Germany. He is a very aggressive player and with his height, he can overlook the whole rugby field.

1970 births
Living people
German sportspeople
Rugby players
Sportspeople from Stuttgart
Daniel Robert "Bob" Graham (born November 9, 1936) is a retired American politician. He was a well known member of the Democratic Party.

Graham has never lost an election. His career started with being a state legislator (Representative 1966-1969, and Senator 1971-1979).

Career

Early career 
In 1978 he was elected Governor of Florida. His Lt. Governor was Wayne Mixson. Graham was reelected in 1982, when he won 65% over a Republican candidate, Skip Bafalis.

He was a popular Governor. He did much to protect the environment. He also oversaw restart of state executions (as first time since 1964), when 16 people were electrocuted. The first of them, John Spenkelink, was the first to die in the electric chair since 1966 in the United States. He was the second to be executed since 1967 (after Gary Gilmore in Utah in January 1977).

Later career 
Graham was elected to the United States Senate in 1986, defeating sitting Senator Paula Hawkins. He served as Senator from 1985 to 2005, when he retired. He resigned from governorship on January 3, 1985, three days before the swearing-in of the governor-elect, Republican Robert Martinez. For this time Mixson assumed his duties, making him the shortest serving governor in Florida history.

From 2001 to 2003 Graham was a chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.

Attempted careers 
In early 2003 he decided to run for President but, after poor results in an opinion polls, he resigned and later supported John Kerry, who won the Democratic nomination. He was regarded as possible Kerry Vice Presidential candidate, but Kerry chose John Edwards.

Graham voted in 2002 against intervention in Iraq.

Personal 

 He was born in Dade County (now Miami-Dade County)
 He married Adele Khoury in 1959

United States senators from Florida
Governors of Florida
US Democratic Party politicians
1936 births
Living people
2004 United States presidential candidates
Americans are citizens of the United States.

Also, there are other groups that did not immigrate to the United States but became American because of American expansion in the late 19th century. In addition to the United States, Americans and people of American descent can be found around the world. Three to seven million Americans are estimated to be living outside the United States.

Most Americans are of European descent. The number of Latin Americans and Asians is more than ever. About 13% of Americans are of African descent. People from many cultures, religions, and ethnic groups live in the U.S. This is why the United States is called the "Melting Pot".

The United States is a diverse country. Six races are officially recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau for statistical purposes: White, Black or African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian, and other Pacific Islander.

The current population of Americans in the U.S. is over 320 million people as of 2015.

References

Other websites