cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mickey Gilley (born March 9, 1936) is a country musician and singer. He is a cousin of Jerry Lee Lewis and Jimmy Swaggart. He is best known for his nightclub "Gilley's" which was featured in the movie Urban Cowboy and his hit song "Don't The Girls All Get Prettier At Closing Time".

Related pages

List of country musicians from Mississippi

1936 births
Living people
Musicians from Louisiana
Singers from Louisiana
American country singers
Gilley, Mickey
Jerry Lee Lewis (born September 29, 1935) is an American musician. He was born in Ferriday, Louisiana and is a cousin of Mickey Gilley and Jimmy Swaggart. Like other music players who were known by many people around the same time as him Johnny Cash, Elvis Presley, Roy Orbison, and Carl Perkins, he sang gospel and country music before becoming well known for rock and roll. He was known for his wild style of piano playing and songs like "Whole Lotta Shakin' Going On" and "Great Balls of Fire".

Lewis got a career boost, when he performed on The Steve Allen Show. His first son was named Steve Allen Lewis, as a tribute.

At a time when Lewis was very popular, people found out that his third wife, Myra Gale Brown, was a thirteen-year-old distant cousin of his. People thought this was bad, and his career nearly came to an end. In the early 1960s, he made a comeback, but throughout the next two decades (groups of ten years) he suffered many personal problems, including health problems, and divorce. 

Even though he has had problems, he is still active and people think of him as an icon and pioneer of popular music.

A 1989 movie, Great Balls of Fire, starring Dennis Quaid and Winona Ryder, is about his life.

Other websites

American rock musicians
Country musicians
Musicians from Louisiana
Singers from Louisiana
Singers from Mississippi
Musicians from Mississippi
1935 births
Living people
Jimmy Lee Swaggert (born March 15, 1935) is an American Pentecostal televangelist (a preacher who gives services on TV). His church, Family Worship Center, is in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Swaggart first started his television ministry in 1975, and it continues today, over 33 years later. The show airs nationally across the U.S. and overseas. The weekly Jimmy Swaggart Telecast and A Study in the Word are shown nationwide and overseas on 78 channels in 104 countries and live over the Internet. He preaches a message called "The Cross" which is that you can only get to heaven through Jesus.

Swaggart was born in Ferriday, Louisiana, USA. He is a cousin of musicians Jerry Lee Lewis and Mickey Gilley. Swaggart is married to Frances Swaggart, who hosts the popular SonLife Radio program, Frances and Friends. They have one son, Donnie, who is also a minister. They have three grandchildren, Jennifer, Gabriel and Matthew Swaggart. Gabriel also serves the ministry as pastor of Crossfire Youth Ministries.

He has also been a very controversial figure, too. He was caught with a prostitute in 1987, but later asked God (and the public) for forgiveness. He was caught again in 1991.

References

1935 births
Living people
American Pentecostals
People from Louisiana
Television evangelists
Pluto is the god of the underworld in Roman mythology. Pluto was also the god of wealth because diamonds and other jewels come from underground.

A myth about Pluto is that he took Proserpina, who was the daughter of Ceres, to the underworld to be his wife. Ceres cried and did not let plants grow on the Earth. People needed the plants so much that the god Jupiter made Pluto give her up. The deal they worked out was that for six months, Pluto got Proserpina. While Proserpina was in the underworld, no plants could grow on Earth and it was winter. When Proserpina went back to her mother, it was summer. This was how the Romans explained the seasons. Pluto also had a three-headed dog named Cerberus that guarded the gates to the underworld.

The dwarf planet Pluto was named after this god.

Related pages

 Hades - Greek mythology version of Pluto

Roman gods and goddesses
Maoism is the communist (a plan about how countries should work) idea created by the Chinese man Mao Zedong. Mao believed that peasants, not factory workers, should lead the communist revolution (change in government). China followed Maoism when he became leader, in 1949. This created differences with communism in the USSR and Cuba. Maoism is still practiced in China today, but it has become different since Mao died in 1976. Today the Chinese economy is still considered a communistic economy. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) completely controls all aspects of production and sets workers wages artificially low for the "good of all", which is the basic premise of Maoism. All worker production is also relegated to the overall good and equality of all,  the definition of which is also determined by the state (CCP). This effectively shackles the profit motive (upward wage mobility) for the working class, as upward mobility is all but nonexistent except for those in line with, or actively participating in,  the Chinese Communist Party.

Overview 
Maoism was a theory created because of Mao’s beliefs and ideologies. Similar to Karl Marx, he agrees that a proletariat revolution is essential in order for society to change. As opposed to Marx who states that the factory workers should revolutionize, Mao felt that the farmers in China were the ones in need of this revolution.  Marx supports an economically strong state that is industrialized. Mao on the other hand, does not support industrialization or technology. 

The reasoning behind this is that he felt that industrialization would give owners the ability to exploit their workers even more which will result in a weakened proletariat class. While Karl Marx viewed industrialization to play vital role in the proletariat since factory workers were most likely the ones suffering under capitalism. Marxism states that “social change is driven by the economy” meaning that society and the economy are intertwined; while Maoism states that willpower is what changes us. 

Then in 1960 as the USSR denounced Stalin’s ideas who Mao was an avid admirer of, Mao’s own popularity started to decrease.  With the leader Liu Shaoqi, Mao’s policies were no longer in effect.  Then in 1964, the “Cultural Revolution” happened due to the distribution of Mao’s “Little Red Book” which reemphasized his ideologies. This resulted in the deaths of many civilians due to conflicts and fighting between Mao’s party and the Red Guard.

References

Related pages
Chinese Civil War

Other websites
Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism international project
Marx2Mao.org Mao Internet Library
The Encyclopedia of Marxism  Mao Zedong Thought.
The Encyclopedia of Marxism  Mao's life.
Monthly Review January 2005  Text of the leaflets distributed by the Zhengzhou Four.
World Revolution Media Maoist revolutionary film, music, and art archive
 Batchelor, J. Maoism and Classical Marxism , Clio History Journal, 2009.

Politics of the People's Republic of China
Marxism
C++ (pronounced "see plus plus") is a computer programming language based on C. It was created for writing programs for many different purposes. In the 1990s, C++ became one of the most used programming languages in the world.

The C++ programming language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs in the 1980s, and was originally named "C with classes". The language was planned as an improvement on the C programming language, adding features based on object-oriented programming. Step by step, a lot of advanced features were added to the language, like operator overloading, exception handling and templates.

C++  runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX. C++ is simple and practical approach to describe the concepts of C++ for beginners  to advanced software engineers.

C++ is a general-purpose programing language which means that it can be used to create different variety of applications. C++ is used for variety of application domains.

Example 
The following text is C++ source code and it will write the words "Hello World!" on the screen when it has been compiled and is executed. This program is typically the first program a programmer would write while learning about programming languages.
// This is a comment. It's for *people* to read, not computers. It's usually used to describe the program.

// Make the I/O standard library available for use in the program.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// We are now defining the main function; it is the function run when the program starts.
int main()
{
    // Printing a message to the screen using the standard output stream std::cout.
    cout << "Hello World!";
}
This program is similar to the last, except it will add 3 + 2 and print the answer instead of "Hello World!".

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    // Print a simple calculation.
    std::cout << 3 + 2;
}

This program subtracts, multiplies, divides and then prints the answer on the screen.
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    // Create and initialize 3 variables, a, b, and c, to 5, 10, and 20.
    int a = 5;
    int b = 10;
    int c = 20;

    // Print calculations.
    std::cout << a-b-c;
    std::cout << a*b*c;
    std::cout << a/b/c;
}

References 

Programming languages
John Landis (born August 3, 1950) is an American movie director. Landis was born in Chicago, Illinois and raised in Los Angeles, California. He started his career working as a mailboy at 20th Century Fox.

Some of his movies are:

 The Kentucky Fried Movie
 National Lampoon's Animal House
 The Blues Brothers
 An American Werewolf in London
 Trading Places
 Into the Night

He directed the music videos for Michael Jackson's "Thriller" and "Black or White". Thriller won the Video Vanguard Award for The Greatest Video in the History of the World.

Other websites 

1950 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
Movie directors from Los Angeles
Movie directors from Chicago
Movie producers from Los Angeles
Movie producers from Chicago
Screenwriters from Chicago
Screenwriters from Los Angeles
Events 
 March 3 – Georges Bizet's Carmen debuts in Paris
 Wadworth Brewery founded.

Births 
 February 2 – Fritz Kreisler, Austrian violinist and composer
 February 28 – Christie MacDonald, actress and singer
 May – Paul Sarebresole
 July 26 – Carl Jung
 September 3 – Ferdinand Porsche, German car designer

Deaths 
 June 3 – Georges Bizet

Published music
 "Angels, Meet Me At the Cross Road"     w.m. Will Hays
 "Carve Dat Possum" by Sam Lucas & Herbert Hershy
 "Dreaming Forever of Thee"      w.m. John Hill Hewitt
 "Grandfather's Clock"     w.m. Henry C. Work
 "I'll Take You Home Again, Kathleen"     w.m. Thomas P. Westendorf
 "Nancy Lee" w. Frederick Edward Weatherly, m. Stephen Adams (pseudonym of Michael Maybrick)
 "The Witches Flight (Galop Caprice)" by Henry A. Russell

Musical theater 
 Trial By Jury, Gilbert & Sullivan, London production opened at the Royalty Theatre on March 25
 Trial By Jury Philadelphia production opened at the Arch Street Theatre on October 22
 Trial By Jury, New York production opened at the Eagle Theatre on November 15
 The Zoo, Lyrics and Book: Bolton Rowe Music: Arthur Sullivan, London production opened at St. James Theatre on June 5
Thomas Stearns Eliot OM (26 September 1888 – 4 January 1965) was an American-born British poet. He was one of the most influential poets of the 20th century. He also wrote plays and some important essays about literature.

Early life
He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, then went to college in Harvard. He spent most of his adult life in London, England. He became a British citizen in 1928.

Career
One famous book of his was written for children and is called The Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats. The songs in the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical Cats are based on poems in it. He also wrote "The Waste Land", a very mysterious, complicated poem that helped start a new style called Modernism. His friend, Ezra Pound, another Modern poet, helped him finish it. His poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" and his play Murder in the Cathedral (about Thomas Becket) are also well known.

Personal life and death
He was married two times. He worked at a bank in England and later as the head editor of a famous publishing company in London that is now called Faber and Faber. In 1948, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature. He died of emphysema in London.

1888 births
1965 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American Christians
American essayists
American literary critics
American playwrights
American poets
British Anglicans
British essayists
British Nobel Prize winners
British playwrights
British poets
Deaths from emphysema
Disease-related deaths in England
Harvard University alumni
Literary critics
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Order of Merit
Writers from St. Louis, Missouri
Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is a British composer and impresario of musical theatre. His company, the Really Useful Group, is one of the largest theatre operators in London.

Career 
In 2018, Webber became one of fifteen people to win an Oscar, Grammy, Tony and Emmy Award.

During his career, he has produced 15 musicals (several have run at the West End and on Broadway for ten or more years). His lyricists have included: Tim Rice, Don Black, Christopher Hampton, Richard Stilgoe, and Ben Elton. He wrote the music for two movies: Gumshoe and The Odessa File. He wrote a Latin requiem mass. He has won many awards for his work, most notably seven Tony Awards, three Grammy Awards, an Oscar, an International Emmy, six Olivier Awards, and a Golden Globe Award. Lloyd Webber was knighted in 1992, and entered the House of Lords in 1997.

Personal life 
Lloyd Webber's second marriage was to the actress and singer Sarah Brightman. They divorced in 1990. Lloyd Webber's third and current wife is Madeleine Gurdon, a former three-day event horsewoman. His younger brother is cellist Julian Lloyd Webber. On 25 October 2009, it was reported that Webber had been diagnosed with the early stages of prostate cancer. He had an operation and has recovered.

Musicals

He has many musical plays, including:

 Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (1967)
 Jesus Christ Superstar (1970)
 Evita (1976)
 Cats (1981)
 Song and Dance (1982)
 Starlight Express (1984)
 Phantom of the Opera (1984): as an idea, (1985): Started development and 1st debut, (1986): as 2 pop singles early that year and in October 9th 1st public debut
 Aspects of Love (1989)
 Sunset Blvd. (1993)
 By Jeeves (1996), a rewritten 1974 show
 Whistle Down the Wind (1998)
 The Beautiful Game (2000)
 The Woman in White (2004)
 Love Never Dies (2010)

References 

1948 births
Living people
Academy Award winning composers
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Cancer survivors
Emmy Award winners
English theatre directors
English composers
Golden Globe Award winning composers
Theatre producers
Grammy Award winners
Members of the House of Lords
People educated at Westminster School, London
Television personalities from London
Tony Award winners
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Val Kilmer (born December 31, 1959 in Los Angeles, California) is an American actor, best known for his roles in Tombstone, The Doors, Heat and Batman Forever. He was married to Joanne Whalley from 1988 until they divorced in 1996. The couple had a daughter and son.

In January 2015, Kilmer was hospitalized for massive bleeding in his throat. In December 2017, Kilmer said he had a "two-year battle with throat cancer...and a procedure on his trachea has reduced his voice to a rasp and rendered him short of breath."

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 Kilmer's Official website
 
 

1959 births
Living people
Cancer survivors
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors who played Batman
Christian Scientists
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Snoopy is Charlie Brown's pet beagle in the comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz.  Born on the Daisy Hill Puppy Farm, Snoopy started out in the background.  Eventually he stood on his hind legs and became a main character.  Snoopy has many alter egos, and many siblings.

Snoopy's house looks small from the outside, but the inside is much bigger, like the Tardis from Doctor Who.  He has many things in his house, including a TV set, Van Gogh painting, pool table, cedar closet, and many other things.  It has been destroyed multiple times, including being burnt down, destroyed by a falling icicle, and being smashed by the violent cat who lives next door.

Snoopy's family
Spike, brother, who lives in a desert in Needles, California.
Olaf, brother, lives with Andy.  He is fat, or "roly-poly" as he describes himself.
Andy, brother, lives with Olaf. He is very shaggy.
Marbles, brother, doesn't understand Snoopy's fantasies.
Belle, sisters, is cute and fashionable.
Rover is yet another one of Snoopy's brothers. He doesn't appear in the comic strip, only in the movies/TV shows.
Molly, sister. Like Rover, she appears only in certain movies/TV shows.
Missy is Snoopy's mother.

Snoopy's costumes
Snoopy has many alter egos. Most are "World Famous".
Joe Cool: He is a cool college student and likes girls.
World War I Flying Ace: He is a fighter pilot who flies a Sopwith Camel (actually Snoopy's dog house).
World Famous Author: He writes many stories. Most of his stories begin with "It was a dark and stormy night...", and most are also not very good.
World Famous Lawyer: He is a lawyer who loves to sue people and also loves eating doughnuts. 
World Famous Beagle Scout: He is a scout troop leader. The scouts in his troop are Woodstock (Snoopy's best friend) and a few birds that Woodstock is friends with.

References

Other websites 

The page about Snoopy at the Peanuts Wiki.

Fictional dogs
Annapolis is the capital city of the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the census held in the year 2010, its population was 38,394. It is home to the United States Naval Academy, where the United States Naval Officers get their training. It is also home to Saint John's College, originally King William's School founded in 1696. Annapolis is the oldest seat of government still in service in America.

Annapolis became the temporary capital of the United States after the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783. Congress was in session in the state house from November 26, 1783 to June 3, 1784, and it was in Annapolis on December 23, 1783 that General Washington resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.

Annapolis is also known as the sailing capital of the U.S., situated on the Chesapeake Bay, the largest inland tidal estuary in the world. The Chesapeake is Maryland's canary in the coal mine, troubled for the last 50 years by ever increasing degradation as an indicator of its citizens concern for economic or material value over that of their land. The Chesapeake Bay can not sustain the higher life that once proliferated these waters, and 3 of the main harvests need to be re-stocked by man in order to maintain 1/10th (or less) of the numbers - Oysters and Rockfish, and more recently as reported in the Capital, Blue Crab stocks are at an all-time and ever-decreasing low, with scientists from University of Maryland researching how to raise crabs for re-introduction.

Chesapeake Bay Native plants and animals are often crowded out by invasive species which are more hardy to the now-polluted environment. Fragmites, the Chinese Mitten Crab, English Ivy, and the Mute Swan are examples of invasive species thriving in this man-altered environment.

Annapolis is the only capital city in America east of the Mississippi River without any rail transportation.

References

Former capitals of the United States
 
County seats in Maryland
State capitals in the United States
1640s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
Keanu Charles Reeves (born September 2, 1964) is a Canadian actor. He is known for his roles in movies like the Bill and Ted series, The Matrix series, Speed, and John Wick. He also played John Constantine in the 2005 movie Constantine.

At age 9, he started his acting career by appearing onstage, and at age 14, he appeared in Canadian television series and commercials.  He also appeared in short movies and stage work in early 1980s. Keanu acted his first significant role in River's Edge (1987), and the next year (1988), he appeared in some movies such as Dangerous Liaisons and Permanent Record.  In 1989, he appeared in the successful comedy Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, which was one of the Bill and Ted series.  In 2008 he played the alien in The Day the Earth Stood Still.

In 2014, he began playing John Wick in three movies: John Wick, John Wick: Chapter 2 and John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum.

Early life
Reeves was born in Beirut, Lebanon. He is the son of Patricia Bond (née Taylor), an English-born costume designer/performer, and Samuel Nowlin Reeves, Jr. His father, who is a Hawaiian-born American, has English, Native Hawaiian, Chinese, Irish, and Portuguese ancestry. Reeves has said: "My grandmother is Chinese and Hawaiian, so I was around Chinese art, furniture and cuisine when I was growing up". He is named after his uncle, and his first name is a Hawaiian word that means 'cool breeze over the mountains'.

Filmography

References

Other websites

1964 births
Living people
Actors from Toronto
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Native Hawaiians
Tron is a 1982 American science fiction movie released by Walt Disney Pictures. The movie stars Jeff Bridges as Kevin Flynn (and Clu), Bruce Boxleitner as Alan Bradley (and Tron) and Cindy Morgan as Lora (and Yori). David Warner plays the villain, Dillinger (and Sark, as well as the voice of the "Master Control Program"). It was directed by Steven Lisberger. One of the first movies to use computer animations extensively, Tron has a distinctive visual style.

The music for the movie was written by Wendy Carlos, and there were also two songs from the band Journey.

Even though it got mixed success soon after its debut, Tron has gained a cult following thanks to its computer-generated imagery (CGI) and hero story. Several video games have been based on it.

A twentieth anniversary DVD edition came out in 2002. In early 2005, Disney revealed plans for a sequel. The sequel was called Tron Legacy and was released in 2010. It tells the story of Flynn's son Sam.

References

Other websites 

 

1982 science fiction movies
American science fiction movies
Cult movies
Disney movies
English-language movies
Garfield is a famous comic strip created by Jim Davis. 

The comic has a cat called Garfield, a dog called Odie, and their owner Jon Arbuckle. The cat is named after Davis's grandfather, James Garfield Davis (who was probably named after former U.S. President James Garfield). It debuted on June 19, 1978 in 41 US newspapers. Garfield at Large was Garfield'''s first book, published in 1980. It was listed in the New York Times bestseller lists at #1. By 1983, Garfield was featured in 1400 newspapers, and was translated into seven different languages.Garfield got a website in 1996. In 2002, Garfield was declared "Most widely syndicated comic strip in the world" by the Guinness Book of World Records. Garfield's 1st cookbook was featured in 2003. In 2004, Garfield: The Movie was the first full-length feature movie based off of Garfield''. Garfield is a fun loving cat who loves lasagna but hates Monday’s and is enjoyed by many people around the world.

 five Garfield movies have been made.

Main characters 
Garfield - orange, fuzzy tabby cat
Jon Arbuckle - Garfield's owner
Odie -  yellow, long-eared beagle
Dr. Liz Wilson - Garfield's veterinarian and a long-time love interest of Jon Arbuckle

Dates
June 19, 1978 (USA/UK)
August 12, 1978 (Australia)
July 14, 1979 (Worldwide)
December 21, 1980 (Brazil)
July 31, 1981 (Japan)

References

Other websites
 Garfield and Friends official site

Comic strips
Michael Francis Moore (born April 23, 1954 in Davison, Michigan, USA) is an American writer and moviemaker. He is known for his strong liberal political views. He often expresses them using humor and satire. His work includes Roger & Me, Fahrenheit 9/11, Sicko, and Bowling for Columbine, and the satire show TV Nation. He has also written books including Dude, Where's My Country? and Will They Ever Trust Us Again?.

Youth
Until 1972, Moore went to Davison High School. When he was 18, he was elected to the Davison School Board. There he met Kathleen Glynn.

His job as a journalist
At the age of 22, Moore left school. He started an alternative magazine called The Flint Voice. He was the editor of the magazine for ten years. After that, Moore was hired as managing editor of the magazine Mother Jones in San Francisco. After five months, he left the editorial staff because of a dispute. After that he went back to Flint, Michigan.

Political activities
Moore has been a strong critic against Presidents Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush. He supported Ralph Nader in the 2000 presidential election, and Barack Obama over Hillary Clinton in the 2008 presidential election. In December 2015, Moore announced his support for Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders in the upcoming 2016 United States presidential election. Moore has stated that Sanders is a "candidate not to be messed with" and showed his support for Sanders' debate performances.

Movies by Moore
Roger & Me (1989)
Pets or Meat: The Return to Flint (1992) (TV movie)
Canadian Bacon (1995)
The Big One (1997)
And Justice for All (1998) (TV movie)
Bowling for Columbine (2002)
Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004)
Sicko (2007)
Captain Mike Across America (2007)
Slacker Uprising (2008)
Capitalism: A Love Story (2009)
Fahrenheit 11/9 (2018)

Books by Moore 
 Downsize This!  Random Threats from an Unarmed American (1997)
 Adventures in a TV Nation: The Stories Behind America's Most Outrageous TV Show (with Kathleen Glynn) (1998)
 Dude, Where's My Country? (2003)
 Stupid White Men... and Other Sorry Excuses for the State of the Nation (2004)
 The Official Fahrenheit 9/11 Reader (2004)
 Will They Ever Trust Us Again?  Letters from the War Zone (2004)
 Mike's Election Guide 2008 (2008)
 Here Comes Trouble: Stories from My Life (2012) (a memoir)

References

Other websites

General
 
 
 
 The Populist: Michael Moore Can Make You Cry / New Yorker (February 16, 2004)
 America's Teacher  by Naomi Klein, The Nation, September 23, 2009
Interviews
 A 2007 NOW on PBS interview with Michael Moore
 Michael Moore on His Life, His Films and His Activism – video interview by Democracy Now!
 Michael Moore on 2010 Midterm Elections, the Tea Party, and the Future of the Democratic Party
In Depth interview with Moore, October 2, 2011

American Roman Catholics
American movie directors
American movie producers
American political commentators
American journalists
American historians
American activists
Writers from Michigan
People from Flint, Michigan
1954 births
Living people
Hawaiian Punch is the name of a brand of sweetened fruit punch drinks owned by Dr Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. (DPSU). It was created in 1934 by A.W. Leo, Tom Yates, and Ralph Harrison as an ice cream topping, and customers later discovered that it was an appealing drink when mixed with water.

In 1962, the character of Punchy was introduced in a commercial for Hawaiian Punch, eventually becoming the product's mascot. His long-time saying is "Hey, how about a nice Hawaiian Punch!"

It currently comes in the following flavors:
 Fruit Juicy Red: the original flavor
 Green Berry Rush: strawberry and kiwifruit
 Mazin' Melon Mix: melon
 Bodacious Berry: berry
 Tropical Vibe: orange
 Wild Purple Smash: grape and berry

The drink has its name because some of original recipe's main ingredients come from Hawaii.

The Fruit Punch 
The Fruit Punch is the name of a brand of sweetened fruit punch drinks owned by Dr Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. (DPSU). It was created in 1928 by Los Angeles, California, and Red Buttons as an ice cream topping, and customers later discovered that it was an appealing drink when mixed with water.

In 1988, the character of Peep was introduced in a commercial for The Fruit Punch, eventually becoming the product's mascot. His long-time saying is "Hey! How about a nice Fruit Punch!"

Cast 
 Keith Scott - Peep
 Frank Gorshin - Quack

Drinks
Light pollution is a type of pollution. It is defined as “any adverse (or bad) effect as a result of man-made lights.” Usually, this means too much light. Several species, including plants and humans, are badly affected by light pollution. Most people have never heard of light pollution, and those who have usually don’t care, or do anything about it. Light pollution costs Americans billions of dollars every year.

Types of light pollution 
There are five kinds of light pollution:
 Light trespass
 Over-illumination
 Clutter
 Glare
 Sky glow

Sky glow usually has more of an effect on the environment than light trespass and glare, but all of them are a major problem to people today.

Sky glow is the kind of light pollution that prevents people from seeing stars and other deep-space objects. This causes birds to not be able to migrate to the right place because they can not follow the moon and stars. Sky glow also prevents astronomers from seeing dim objects.

Light trespass is when light being used by a person goes into the property of another. Although light trespass is not an environmental issue, it is still light pollution.

The third kind of light pollution, glare, has different kinds. The first, disability glare, is the loss of visibility because of too many lights. Discomfort glare is when the lights cause pain.

Effects

Effects on animals 
Light pollution stops migrating birds from having any way of seeing the moon and stars that they need to use to navigate the direction of their migration, therefore not being able to migrate to the correct place. Also, sea turtles do not come to shore and nest as often, because they are afraid of the lights. It also affects animals eyes as a flash of camera weakens the eyesight of animals.

Effects on humans 
Glare causes sleep problems in humans. For example, too much light in an apartment shining in from a nearby billboard will disturb their sleep. Science, too, is being affected by light pollution. Astronomers have no way of observing or making discoveries with too much light to block the night sky.
Light pollution also causes headaches when light directly falls into our eyes and affects the sensory nerves.

The solution

Group solution 
There are now several groups that are trying to prevent light pollution. Light pollution first made news in 1964, when an observatory was specially placed just to avoid light pollution. However, it wasn’t brought to the attention of most people until June 6, 2002, when the Czech Republic passed the world’s first light pollution law. Since then, light pollution is slowly being recognized by the general public as a major problem.

Also government should pay attention for advertisements, which produce the greatest amount of light.

Individual solution 
You can lower the amount of light pollution by having lights off when they are not needed. You can also shield yourself from this pollution by putting curtains on a window facing the street or any other disturbing light source.
We can also use automatic lights. If we come in range of it, it will turn on, otherwise it stays off. This way we can save electricity and reduce light pollution.

Light
Pollution
Timothy Walter "Tim" Burton (born August 25, 1958) is an American director, producer, screenwriter, and artist.

Early life 
Burton was born in Burbank, California on August 25, 1958. His father is of Dutch, English, French, German, and Scottish descent and His mother is of Croatian, German, Norwegian, and Swedish descent. He began as an animator for Walt Disney Pictures, but soon moved on making his own kinds of movies and projects.

Career
He has an individual style; the movies that he makes are creative and often based on events that would not happen in real life. For example, the main character in "Edward Scissorhands" is a young man who has scissors instead of hands. His movies attract an audience usually that fits his unique tastes.

Personal life 
Burton has bipolar disorder. He lives in Belsize Park, London, next door to his former partner Helena Bonham Carter. Burton and Carter split in December 2014. The houses have a door connecting them. The couple have a son and daughter together.

Selected Filmography
 Pee-Wee's Big Adventure
 Beetlejuice
 Batman
 Batman Returns
 Edward Scissorhands
 Mars Attacks!
 The Nightmare Before Christmas
 Planet of the Apes
 Big Fish
 Sleepy Hollow
 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
 Corpse Bride
 Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
 Alice in Wonderland
 Dark Shadows
 Frankenweenie
 Big Eyes
 Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children
 Dumbo

References

Other websites 
 

1958 births
Living people
American movie directors
American movie producers
American television directors
American television producers
Movie directors from Los Angeles County, California
Movie producers from Los Angeles County, California
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
People from Burbank, California
People with bipolar disorder
Screenwriters from California
Writers from Los Angeles County, California
A submarine (or Sub) is a vessel that goes underwater. Most large submarines are war vessels. Some small ones are used for scientific or business purposes. These are often called "submersibles" and cannot go far or stay long away from base. Some people buy their own to explore under the sea. A submarine is actually a boat, not a ship.

History 
Early submarines were often powered by hand. This is because boat engines had not been invented yet. They were almost always made for war. Submarines would try to sink enemy ships by crude methods. These included drilling screws into their wooden hulls. Some tried to blow up a ship. This often destroyed the submarine, too. At the end of the 19th century, the Whitehead torpedo and electrical systems allowed much better submarines.

These better submarines were much used during the First and Second World Wars. Many of these better submarines were created by Germany, called U-boats. The submarines were powered by a diesel-electric system. A diesel motor would be used to turn a generator. The generator would charge a large battery while the submarine was on the surface. The power in the battery was then used by the submarine when it went underwater. These submarines were dangerous to enemies. They were hard to see while underwater but it was easy to attack them when they surfaced to recharge.  Many modern boats still use this diesel-electric propulsion system.

The First Battle of the Atlantic was the first major battle that was mainly fought between submarines and their enemies. As in later wars, the main jobs of submarines were to enforce a blockade and to sink enemy warships. They usually attacked freighters at night, shooting with their deck guns and then hiding under the water. Sometimes they used their torpedoes, which they could fire while underwater, especially against larger ships and warships. During World War II The US Navy lost around 52 submarines due to combat and non-combat causes. 

After World War II better sonar helped the enemies of submarines to find and destroy them. New subs were more streamlined and had no deck guns because water dragging against the guns made noise underwater and slowed the subs.

Modern submarines 
Most large modern military submarines are powered by nuclear reactors. These submarines often have a system which can get air from the seawater. These two things allow them to stay underwater for long periods of time. Their most important uses are attacking ships or launching missiles. These include cruise missiles and nuclear missiles. There are two main kinds of subs. Attack submarines are small and fast. They attack other subs and surface ships with torpedos. Missile subs are larger and slower. They are built to shoot missiles at far-away targets on land.

Warships
Lebanon is a country in the Middle East, located in Western Asia, on the Mediterranean Sea. It has a border with Israel to the south, and Syria to the east and north. Lebanon has been independent since 1943. Its capital city is Beirut.

Lebanon has two chains of mountains. It is often called the ruby of the Middle East. It has a coastline stretching all the way up. The area of Lebanon is 10,452 square kilometers.

The Cedar tree is the national symbol of Lebanon; because many of them grow in the Lebanon Mountains.

Population of Lebanon 
Around 5.2 million people live in Lebanon. 

Around 14 million Lebanese people live outside Lebanon.

The people of Lebanon 
About 61% of Lebanese people are Muslim and 34% are Christian. 

Lebanese people mostly speak Arabic; but French, English, and Armenian are also common languages.

Governorates and districts
Lebanon is divided into six governorates.  These are divided into 25 districts. The districts are also divided into several municipalities. The governorates and their districts are listed below:

 Beirut Governorate
 The Beirut Governorate is not divided into districts and is limited to the city of Beirut
 Nabatieh Governorate (Jabal Amel)
 Bint Jbeil
 Hasbaya
 Marjeyoun
 Nabatieh
 Beqaa Governorate
 Baalbek
 Hermel
 Rashaya
 Western Beqaa (al-Beqaa al-Gharbi)
 Zahle
 North Governorate (al-Shamal)
 Akkar
 Batroun
 Bsharri
 Koura
 Miniyeh-Danniyeh
 Tripoli
 Zgharta
 Mount Lebanon Governorate (Jabal Lubnan)
 Aley
 Baabda
 Byblos (Jbeil)
 Chouf
 Keserwan
 Matn
 South Governorate (al-Janoub)
 Jezzine
 Sidon (Saida)
 Tyre (Sur)

Related pages
Lebanese Civil War
2020 Beirut explosion
List of rivers of Lebanon
Lebanon at the Olympics
Lebanon national football team

References 

 
Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1943 establishments

Beirut
Population
Alan Alda (real name: Alfonso Joseph D'Abruzzo) (born January 28, 1936) is an American actor. His mother was of Irish ancestry; his father was of Italian ancestry.

He directed, wrote and starred in many movies. He is probably most famous for his role as "Hawkeye" Pierce, the central character on the comedy/drama TV series M*A*S*H, as well as writing and directing several episodes of the show, and later becoming one of its producers. Alan also hosted Scientific American Frontiers on PBS from 1993 to 2005.

His father, Robert Alda, was an actor, and his mother, Joan, was once crowned Miss New York. Alan has been married to Arlene Weiss since 1957 and they have three daughters and a son.

In 2015, Alda was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. That same year, he starred in Steven Spielberg's Bridge of Spies. In 2019, he starred as lawyer Bert Spitz in Marriage Story.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 Bio on Scientific American Frontiers
 Comprehensive bio 
 InnerVIEWS with Ernie Manouse: Alan Alda  (TV Interview)
 Archive of American Television interview
 Military Service
 Interview with Alda  on NPR's Fresh Air (September 21, 2005)
 Alan Alda's Charity Work
 Performance  Working in the Theatre seminar video at American Theatre Wing.org, April 1992
 Never Have Your Dog Stuffed: And Other Things I've Learned (Chapter 1) 

1936 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning directors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Sally Clare Kellerman (June 2, 1937 – February 24, 2022) was an American movie actress. She was born in Long Beach, California. Her acting performances include the pilot for the original Star Trek television series, and the movies MASH (1970) and Back to School (1986). For her role in MASH, she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

Kellerman, who had dementia, died on February 24, 2022 in Los Angeles, California from heart failure at the age of 84.

References

Other websites 

1936 births
2022 deaths
Actors from Long Beach, California
American movie actors
American television actors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from heart failure
Baghdad (, transliterated Baghdād) is the capital city and largest city in Iraq. It is the second-largest city in Southwest Asia after Tehran. It is the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It has 5,772,000 people (2003). Baghdad is on the Tigris River at 33°20′N 44°26′E. The city was once the center of Dar al-Islam, Muslim civilization.
Baghdad used to be one of the largest learning centers in the world, during the post classical era.

References

 
762 establishments
8th-century establishments in Iraq
760s establishments in Asia
Don Van Vliet  (born Don Glen Vliet January 15, 1941– December 17, 2010) was an American singer. He is better known by his stage name Captain Beefheart.  He was best known for his collaborations and (sometimes) rivalry, with long time friend, Frank Zappa. He is an inspiration to many "alternative" singers. He retired from music due to illness and spent his time painting. He was born in Glendale, California. His stage name came from a movie project Zappa was writing, but soon abandoned, "Captain Beefheart battles the Grunt People". His best known album was recorded in 1969. It was titled "Trout Mask Replica".

He and his group Magic Band also made albums in the early 1980s that received positive critical attention.

Van Vliet was also a well known painter of abstract primitive art. His work has been shown in gallery presentations in New York City and Europe.

He died on December 17, 2010 at the age of 69 from complications from multiple sclerosis, twenty-nine days before his 70th birthday.

References

Singers from Los Angeles
American rock musicians
People with multiple sclerosis
Deaths from multiple sclerosis
1941 births
2010 deaths
Multi-instrumentalists
The C programming language is a computer programming language that was developed to do system programming for the operating system UNIX and is an imperative programming language.  C was developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs. It is a procedural language, which means that people can write their programs as a series of step-by-step instructions. C is a compiled language.

Because the ideas behind C are kept close to the design of the computer, the compiler (program builder) can generate machine code/native code for the computer.  Programs built in machine code are very fast. This makes C a good language for writing operating systems. Many operating systems, including Linux and UNIX, are programmed using this language. The language itself has very few keywords, and most things are done using libraries, which are collections of code for them to be reused.

C standards 
There are three successive standards for the C programming language ANSI C, ISO C and Standard C which are published by the American National Standards Institute(ANSI) and the International Organization for Standardization(ISO).

C is available for many different types of computers. This is why C is called a "portable" language. A program that is written in C and that respects certain limitations can be compiled for many different platforms.

The syntax of C has also influenced many other programming languages, such as C++, C#, and Java, and many more programming languages we use nowadays.

Example code
Here is an example of a program written in C. When built and run it will show "Hello world!", followed by a new line on the computer screen.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    printf("Hello world!\n");
    return 0;
}

 #include <stdio.h> gets the standard input/output tools ready for the program to use. This allows text to be displayed (output). 
 int main() is called the main function, and it is where the first code starts being run in a C program.
 printf("Hello world!\n"); is what displays text, in this case "Hello world!" with a new line (\n) at the end.
 return 0; tells the computer that the program finished and did not run into problems.h

Related pages
 C dynamic memory allocation
 C++
 C Sharp (programming language)
 Objective-C

Other websites
 Introduction to C programming
 Coding Programmer Page / C Library Reference and Examples (English)
 C (programming language) -Citizendium

 C programming language basic programs

Programming languages
Drake & Josh was a Nickelodeon television series. It started in January 2004 and ended in September 2007. The stars of the series are Drake Bell and Josh Peck. The two appeared as best friends on The Amanda Show. In Drake & Josh, they play step-brothers of separate parents. The overall story of the show was to show how Drake & Josh, two people with completely different ways of life, come together through their parents' marriage, and trying to avoid getting pranked by their little sister Megan Parker (Miranda Cosgrove).

Other stars of the show include Nancy Sullivan, who also starred on The Amanda Show.

Characters

Main cast

Recurring Characters

Theme Song
The start of each episode uses a song called "I Found A Way". The song is written by Drake Bell and Michael Corcoran and performed by Bell. Bell can also be seen playing the song in a quick scene from an episode in the first season. The song can also be found on the series' official soundtrack, Drake & Josh: Songs from and inspired by the hit TV show, and on Drake Bell's albums, Telegraph and It's Only Time.

2000s American sitcoms
Nickelodeon television series
2004 American television series debuts
2007 American television series endings
English-language television programs
The Amanda Show is a sketch comedy television series starring Amanda Bynes, formerly of All That. It is a spin-off of All That. The series starred Amanda as almost every major recurring character, including herself, Penelope, Courtney, and Judge Trudy (a parody of Judge Judy.) The series aired on Saturday nights on the Nickelodeon television network in the United States.  It still shows the show in reruns. Three of the show's stars (Drake Bell, Josh Peck, and Nancy Cartwright) Were on the very popular Drake and Josh.

Penelope Taynt
Penelope Taynt is a fictional character played by Amanda Bynes "Number One Fan, Please" on The Amanda Show. She never once met Amanda, but often came very close. She is known for saying "please" and "actual" often. She does not know the names of any cast member that is not Amanda. On the show, she had a website called "www.amandaplease.com." Eventually, it was made into the show's official site.

Comedy television series
Nickelodeon television series
1999 American television series debuts
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
Sally Kristen Ride (May 26, 1951 – July 23, 2012) was an American astronaut and astrophysicist. She was the first American woman to reach outer space.

Ride was born on May 26, 1951. She was born in the neighborhood of Encino in Los Angeles, California. She earned a Ph.D. in physics from Stanford University. She joined NASA in 1978. She was an astronaut until 1987. In order to be an astronaut and go into space, Sally Ride had to train for a year. Training included adapting to gravity, water survival, radio communications, and navigation. She went on the Space Shuttle Challenger in June 1983. This trip was the first time an American woman was in space. She helped design the robot arm for the space shuttle. The robot arm lifts heavy objects in space. Ride was the first person to use the robot arm in space. The robot arm put a satellite in space that showed how the sun affected weather. Ride flew to space twice.

She worked on the commissions that investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger and Space Shuttle Columbia disasters. Ride became a professor in 1989. She was the professor of physics and director of the Oklahoma Space Institute at the University of California.

She was married to astronaut Steven Hawley from 1982 until they divorced in 1987. At the time of her death, Ride had been in a relationship with writer Tam O'Shaughnessy for 27 years.

On July 23, 2012, Ride died of pancreatic cancer at her home in La Jolla, a neighborhood of San Diego, California. She was 61.

References

American astronauts
American physicists
Cancer deaths in San Diego County
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
LGBT people from Los Angeles
LGBT scientists
Scientists from Los Angeles
1951 births
2012 deaths