cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Viriato Trágico is a long poem by Portuguese poet Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas (1596-1656).

General information 
Viriato Trágico is a heroic poem, one of the most important Portuguese poems of the 17th century. It consists of twenty books. It was first printed in 1699, many years after author's death.

Form 
The poem about Viriatus by Garcia de Mascarenhas is written in ottava rima (oitava rima in Portuguese). This strophe was very popular in Portugal in 17th century. It was introduced into Portuguese literature by Francisco de Sá de Miranda. After Luís de Camões used the strophe in The Lusiads all poets emloyed it in long works. The strophe consists of eight lines rhymed abababcc. The lines are composed of ten syllables each.

 Canto um Pastor, Amores, e Armas canto,
 Canto o Raio do monte, e da campanha,
 Terror da Itália, e do mundo espanto,
 Glória de Portugal, honra de Espanha:
 Triunfante da Águia, que triunfando tanto,
 Tanto a seus raios tímida se acanha,
 Que à traição, só dormindo, o viu rendido,
 Porque desperto nunca foi vencido.

Story 
The poem tells about an ancient hero, Viriatus. He was a warrior from Lusitania (old Portugal). He was famous for his struggle for independence against the Romans. He was invincible in any battle. As the Romans could not defeat him in the open field, the decided to get rid of him by an unlawful deed. Viriatus was assasinated in his sleep.
He died, but his fame outlived the Roman empire.

References

Bibliography 
 Viriato tragico : poema heroico em 20 cantos de Bras Garcia Mascaranhas, Lisboa 1846.

Other websites 
 Bras Garcia de Mascaranhas, Viriato tragico, poema heroico em 20 cantos at Hathi Trust.

Epic poems
Saillon is a town and municipality in the district of Martigny in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Valais
Cities in Switzerland
SPQR are the initials of a Latin phrase Senātus Populusque Rōmānus. It means "The Roman Senate and People" or "The Senate and People of Rome". 

It refers to the government of the ancient Roman Republic. It is still used as an official emblem of the modern-day municipality of Rome. 

SPQR appears on Roman coins, at the end of documents made public by inscription in stone or metal, in dedications of monuments and public works, and on the flag (vexilloid) of the Roman legions.

The phrase appears in Roman political, legal and historical literature, such as the speeches of Cicero and Ab Urbe Condita Libri ("Books from the Founding of the City") of Livy.

The date of first use of SPQR is not known. It first appears in inscriptions of the later Republic, from about 80 BC onwards. It last appears on coins of Constantine the Great (ruled AD 312-337), the first Christian Roman emperor.

The signature continued in use under the Roman Empire. The emperors were considered the representatives of the people, although the decrees of the Senate were dictated by the wishes of the emperor.

Similar language in more modern political and social revolutions no doubt comes from this usage. During the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini, SPQR was emblazoned on many public buildings in an attempt to promote his dictatorship as a "New Roman Empire"

Roman Republic
The National Museum of Computing is a museum in the United Kingdom dedicated to collecting and restoring old computer systems. The museum is based at Bletchley Park in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. It opened in 2007. The building — Block H — was built in 1944. At the end of World War II it housed six Colossus computers. It is the first computer centre in the world.

The museum has a rebuilt Colossus computer. It also has an exhibition of the most complex code cracking activities that were performed at Bletchley Park during World War II. More modern computers can be seen. They show the history of the development of computing from the 1940s to the present day. The museum tries to have these machines in working order.

Although located on the Bletchley Park "campus", The National Museum of Computing is an entirely separate charity. It receives no public funding. It relies on the generosity of donors and supporters. Tickets for admission to the museum are separate from those for the other museum on the site.

References

Museums in England
National museums
Computing
Scientific organizations
Day of the Dead () is a Mexican holiday celebrated in Mexico known around the world by the skull painting face. It is celebrated by people of Mexico living in other places, especially the United States. Family and friends gather for this multi-day holiday to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died while creating an ofrenda. They do ofrenda on a altar at home and also on the grave. It is also to help support their spiritual journey. In 2008, the tradition was inscribed in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.

The origin of the day of the dead comes from a mix of culture. Aztect and christian are the main influence of it. In some country people use sugar skull painting for Halloween but it is not the same celebration. Everyone is welcomed to join in on the celebration, but nearly everyone in Mexico celebrates it. The Day of the Dead is a holiday celebrated all throughout Mexico. It is a day to celebrate, remember and prepare special foods in honor of those who have died. The traditional food is the bread of the dead( pan de muertos). They use to paint their face into skull (calavera). The famous decoration is the sugar skulls the orange flowers and candle. People believe the spirit of the dead goes and visits their families from October 31 (aka Halloween) then leaves on November 2. The Day of the Dead is held every year on the 2nd of November in Mexico. It is celebrated because it is a Mexican holiday and families do it to honor their loved ones who have passed. 

That is a happy fest.

References 

Mexican culture
Festivals in North America
November events
Luis García Meza Tejada (August 8, 1929 – April 29, 2018) was a former Bolivian dictator. In 1980, he led a military coup d'état on President Lidia Gueiler Tejada. He later made himself president on 17 July 1980. He left office on 4 August 1981 after being exiled for human rights violations. Before becoming president, he worked closely with Bolivian president Hugo Banzer. 

García Meza died in La Paz on April 29, 2018, of a heart attack at the age of 88.

References

1929 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Anti-Communists
Former dictators
Generals
Presidents of Bolivia
South American military people
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada Sánchez de Bustamante (born 1 July 1930), familiarly known as "Goni", is a Bolivian politician and businessman. He served as President of Bolivia for two non-consecutive terms from 6 August 1993 through 6 August 1997 and again from 6 August 2002 through his resignation on 17 October 2003. He is a lifelong member of the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR).

References

Other websites

Social and Economis Reforms of Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, personal website
Commanding Heights: [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/lo/index.html The Battle for the World Economy], PBS-WGBH
Interview with President Sancha de Lozada, from Commanding Heights, PBS documentary
"Black October Memorial: A decade of impunity" , Democracy Center
"A case for extradition: Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada and Carlos Sanchez Berzain", Council of Hemispheric Affairs
"Gallery of portraits and biographies of presidents of Bolivia" , Presidencia de Bolivia website

1930 births
Living people
Presidents of Bolivia
I'll Be Missing You was a song performed by P.Diddy, Faith Evans and the 112. It was in memory of Christopher The Notorious B.I.G. Wallace. He was killed on March 9, 1997. It sampled the melody of The Police's Every Breath You Take song from the 80s. As well as these artists, Sting (vocalist from The Police) joined in at the MTV Video Music Awards in 1997 along with The Family.

Formats and track listings
Single
 P.Diddy featuring Faith Evans and 112 – "I'll Be Missing You"

Maxi-single
 P.Diddy featuring Faith Evans and 112 – "I'll Be Missing You"
 The Lox – "We'll Always Love Big Poppa"
 112 – "Cry On"
 P.Diddy and Faith Evans featuring 112 – "I'll Be Missing You" (Instrumental)
 The Lox – "We'll Always Love Big Poppa" (Instrumental)

Charts

Related pages 
 List of best-selling singles

References

Other websites 
 Puff Daddy - I'll Be Missing You :: Official Video | ft. Faith Evans & 112: YouTube
 The Police - Every Breath You Take: YouTube

1997 songs
A hate group is a group that hates a specific group of people.  For example, a hate group might hate everyone who belongs to a different ethnic group, religion, sex, and/or sexual orientation.

Statistics
According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, as of 2015, there were 892 hate groups currently operating in the United States.  Hate groups exist in every state.

According to the Southern Poverty Law Center:
 In 1999, there were 457 hate groups operating in the United States.  
 The number of hate groups in the U.S. grew every year until 2011.  At that point, there were 1018 hate groups operating in the United States.
 After 2011, the number of hate groups in the U.S. decreased for three straight years, but in 2015 it increased by 14%.

Types of hate groups 
There are many different types of hate groups.  Of the 892 hate groups currently operating in the U.S.:
 190 are Ku Klux Klan
 184 are "General Hate" groups - including:
 Anti-Muslim groups
 There has been a 42% increase in anti-Muslim hate groups since 2014
 Anti-LGBT groups
 Anti-Immigrant groups
 Groups that say the Holocaust did not happen
 Other groups that say hateful things
 Racist music
 Radical traditionalist Catholic groups
 180 are Black Separatist
 95 are White Nationalist
 95 are Racist Skinheads
 94 are Neo-Nazi
 35 are Neo-Confederate
 19 are Christian Identity groups

According to the Anti-Defamation League, as of 2015, 21,000,000 people in the United States admitted to having anti-Semitic attitudes.  For example, 31% of people admitted that they think "Jews are more loyal to Israel than to [this country/the countries they live in].

References

Hatred
United States
SMS Posen was a German battleship built in 1907 and launched in 1910. She had twelve 11 inch guns in six turrets.

The ship sailed during most of the First World War, in the North Sea. The main battle she was in was the Battle of Jutland where she hit another German ship which then sank. 

The ship served with her three sister ships for the majority of World War I. She saw extensive service in the North Sea, where she took part in several fleet sorties. These culminated in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May – 1 June 1916, where Posen was heavily engaged in night-fighting against British light forces. In the confusion, the ship accidentally rammed the light cruiser SMS Elbing, which suffered serious damage and was scuttled later in the night.

The ship also conducted several deployments to the Baltic Sea against the Russian Navy. In the first of these, Posen supported a German naval assault in the Battle of the Gulf of Riga. The ship was sent back to the Baltic in 1918 to support the White Finns in the Finnish Civil War. At the end of the war, Posen remained in Germany while the majority of the fleet was interned in Scapa Flow. In 1919, following the scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow, she was ceded to the British as a replacement for the ships that had been sunk. She was then sent to ship-breakers in the Netherlands and scrapped in 1922.

About 

Posen was 146 m long and 27 m wide. She weighed 18,873 tonnes. Her crew was 40 officers and 968 sailors, 1008 total. She had three coal engines and could go at 20 knots or 9600 miles at 12 knots.

Her guns were 28 cm wide and were in six twin turrets in a hexagon shape around the ship. She also had 15cm and 8.8 cm anti aircraft guns. She carried six torpedo which she could shoot out the front, back and sides. She had thick armour along both sides, 30cm thick in most places.

History 

Posen was first ordered in 1906 as the Ersatz Baden. She started being built on 11 June 1907 in secret. She sailed for the first time in December 1908. She cost the German government 36,920,000 Marks.

She went to Wilhelmshavenin 1910 and sailed out of there for the next 4 years. In World War 1 she spent a lot of time in the North Sea, and sometimes going down to the Baltic sea to fight the Russian Navy. She was part of the Battle of Jutland, and in the fight she hit another German ship and made it sink.

References

Bibliography
 
 

German Empire
Warships
World War I
No. 77 Squadron is a squadron in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). It flies out of RAAF Williamtown in New South Wales, Australia. It is part of No. 81 Wing and has F18 Hornet fighters. 

The squadron started at RAAF Pearce in Western Australia in 1942 during the Second World War, and fought in the Pacific Theatre with P40 Kittyhawks. After the war it got new P51 Mustangs and went to Japan. 

In 1950 it went to Korea to support the United Nations against North Korea. It got Meteor jets there and shot down five MiG 15s and 5,000 buildings and vehicles. 

When they went back to Australia in 1956 they got new Sabre jets. In 1958 they went to Malaya to help the Commonwealth there. They stayed there, looking after the country until 1969. Then they went back to Williamtown and got new Mirage jets, then F18 Hornets in 1987. It went to Afghanistan in 2001 and again in 2015. In 2021 it will get F35 Lightning fighters.

Jobs and planes 

The squadron has F18 Hornets which they got in 1987. They look after an area of sky in New South Wales.

Notes 

Military of Australia
Saxon is a municipality of the district of Martigny in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It is famous as the birthplace of figure skater and choreographer of Stéphane Lambiel.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Saxon 

Municipalities of Valais
Trient is a municipality of the district of Martigny in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Valais
Champéry is a municipality of the district of Monthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Homepage 

Municipalities of Valais
Collombey-Muraz is a municipality of the district of Monthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. There is an oil refinery in the municipality.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 

Municipalities of Valais
Port-Valais is a municipality of the district of Monthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Valais
Saint-Gingolph is a municipality in the district of Monthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 Swissinfo map 

Municipalities of Valais
Troistorrents is a municipality of the district of Monthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 None official website of Troistorrents and Morgins 

Municipalities of Valais
Val-d'Illiez is a municipality of the district Monthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official Website  
 

Municipalities of Valais
La Fouly is a village of the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

La Fouly is in the municipality of Orsières.

It sits at the foot of Mont Dolent (3,823 m) and the Tour Noir (3,836m) in the Mont Blanc massif.

Other websites 
 Official website  
 La Fouly myswitzerland.com

Villages in Valais
Nugget may refer to:

Things
 Gold nugget, a piece of gold produced through mining and extraction
 Australian Gold Nugget, a gold bullion coin minted by the Perth Mint
 Chicken nuggets, a lump of breaded or battered chicken
 Laister LP-15 Nugget, a single-seat glider aircraft
 Bede BD-17 Nugget, a single-seat homebuilt monoplane
 Nugget, a variety of hops

Media 
 The Nome Nugget, a weekly newspaper in Nome, Alaska
 North Bay Nugget, a daily newspaper in North Bay, Ontario, Canada
 Nugget Newspaper, a weekly newspaper in Sisters, Oregon
 The Nugget, a 2002 comedy film
 "Nugget", a song off the 1996 album Fashion Nugget by Cake

Businesses
 Nugget Markets, an upscale California supermarket chain
 Carson Nugget, a hotel and casino in Carson City, Nevada
 Wendover Nugget, a hotel and casino in West Wendover, Nevada

Places
 Nugget Falls, a waterfall in Alaska
 Nugget Point, New Zealand

People
 Nickname of H. C. Coombs, an Australian economist and public servant
 Nickname of Steve Davis (born 1957), snooker player
 Derisive nickname of Owen Hart (1965–1999), Canadian professional wrestler
Alappuzha is a city in Kerala, India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Alappuzha district. Alappuzha is considered as the oldest planned city in the region. It is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Kerala. The city is located in the coastal region of Laccadive Sea. In 2016, the Centre for Science and Environment rated Alappuzha as the top cleanest town in India.

Population
According to 2011 census the population of the city is 174,176. The male population is 83,853 and female population is 90,323. The Literacy rate is 96.2%. The languages spoken here are Malayalam, Tamil and Konkani. Most of the population of Alappuzha are of Hindu and Christian religions with a small Muslim population.

Famous places and events
Alappuzha is famous for Snake boat races, especially the Nehru Trophy Boat Race. Games of cricket, football and basketball are also popular in the city. The Kerala Backwaters of Alappuzha are the most popular tourist attraction in Kerala.
Alappuzha is most famous for its attractions. The attractions here are: 
 The Alappuzha Beach
 Ambalappuzha Sri Krishna Temple
 St. Andrew's Basilica
 Mannarasala Temple
 Chettikulangara Devi Temple
 Haripad Sree Subrahmanya Swamy temple
 Thakazhy Sree Dharma Sastha Temple
 Mullakkal Temple
 Christ Church
 Champakulam Kalloorkadu Church

References

Other websites 
 Alappuzha Houseboat Beautiful Backwaters Alleppey Kerala India; YouTube

Cities in Kerala
Zakir Husain (8 February 1897 – 3 May 1969) was the 3rd President of India. He was the first Muslim president of Indian nation and also the first to die in office. Zahir Husain was the shortest serving president of India. He previously served as the second Vice-President of India and Governor of Bihar. Zakir Husain was also the co-founder of Jamia Milia Islamia. He served as its Vice-Chancellor. Under Husain, Jamia became closely to the Indian freedom movement.

Career of serving the nation
Zakir Husain was born in Hyderabad, Telangana in 8 February 1897. He became the Governor of Bihar in 1957 to 1962. Later he became the 2nd Vice President of India after Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. He served in the post from 13 May 1962 to 12 May 1967.In 13 May 1967 he was elected as the 3rd President of India after Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.He was the Muslim President of India. But his term was short-lived. He died in New Delhi on 3 May 1969 and became the 1st President to die in the office period.

References

Vice Presidents of India
1897 births
1969 deaths
Cuddalore district is one of the 32 districts in Tamil Nadu, South India. Cuddalore city is the headquarters of the Cuddalore district. It was the mostly affected district in the 2015 South Indian floods along with Chennai district. Cuddalore is on the sea shore, so most of the cyclones affecting Tamil Nadu hit this district.

Geography
The district area is 3,564km². It is bounded on the north by Viluppuram District, on the east by the Bay of Bengal, on the south by Nagapattinam District, and on the west by Perambalur District. The district is drained by Gadilam River and Pennaiyar River in the north, Vellar River and Kollidam River in south.

Economy
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Cuddalore one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of Districts of 640). It is one of the six districts in Tamil Nadu currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Demographics
According to 2011 census of India, Cuddalore district had a population of 2,605,914 with a sex-ratio of 987 females for every 1,000 males. A total of 279,950 were under the age of six, constituting 147,644 males and 132,306 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 29.32% and 0.6% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 69.66%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.

Reference

Cuddalore district
Vionnaz is a municipality in the district of Monthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Valais
Vouvry is a municipality in the district of Monthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Valais
Ausserberg is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Ausserberg 

Municipalities of Valais
There are 3 arrondissements in the Indre-et-Loire department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Indre-et-Loire are:

History
Since its creation, the Indre-et-Loire department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with seven districts: Tours, Amboise, Château-Renault, Loches, Chinon, Preuilly and Langeais; the capital was Tours.
 1800 : creation of three arrondissements: Chinon, Loches and Tours.
 1926 : the arrondissement of Loches was eliminated.
 1943 : Loches was made again an arrondissement.

Related pages
List of arrondissements of France

References

Indre-et-Loire
An independence referendum was held in Azerbaijan on 29 December 1991, three days after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The result was 99.8% in favor, with turnout reported to be 95.3%.

Results

References

Soviet Union
1991 in Europe
1990s in Azerbaijan
Politics of Azerbaijan
1991 in Asia
The arrondissement of Tours is an arrondissement of France, in the Indre-et-Loire department, Centre-Val de Loire region. Its capital is the city of Tours.

History
When the Indre-et-Loire department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Tours was part of that original department.

Geography
The arrondissement of Tours is the northern half of the Indre-et-Loire department. It is bordered to the north and east by the Loir-et-Cher department, to the southeast by the Loches arrondissement, to the southwest by the Chinon arrondissement, to the west by the Maine-et-Loire department and to the northwest by the Sarthe department.

The arrondissement of Tours is the largest arrondissement of the department in area, , and the one with more people living in it with 466,232 inhabitants.

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

The cantons of the arrondissement of Tours are:

 Amboise (3701)
 Ballan-Miré (3702)
 Bléré (3703)
 Château-Renault (3704)
 Joué-lès-Tours (3707)
 Langeais (3708) (partly)
 Montlouis-sur-Loire (3710)
 Monts (3711)
 Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire (3712)
 Saint-Pierre-des-Corps (3714)
 Tours-1 (3715)
 Tours-2 (3716)
 Tours-3 (3717)
 Tours-4 (3718)
 Vouvray (3719)

Communes
The arrondissement of Tours has 54 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

 Artannes-sur-Indre (37006)
 Azay-le-Rideau (37014)
 Azay-sur-Cher (37015)
 Ballan-Miré (37018)
 Berthenay (37025)
 Bréhémont (37038) 
 Chambray-lès-Tours (37050)
 Chançay (37052)
 Chanceaux-sur-Choisille (37054)
 La Chapelle-aux-Naux (37056)
 Cheillé (37067)
 Druye (37099)
 Esvres (37104)
 Fondettes (37109)
 Joué-lès-Tours (37122)
 Larçay (37124)
 Lignières-de-Touraine (37128)
 Luynes (37139)
 La Membrolle-sur-Choisille (37151)
 Mettray (37152)
 Monnaie (37153)
 Montbazon (37154)
 Montlouis-sur-Loire (37156)
 Monts (37159)
 Notre-Dame-d'Oé (37172)
 Parçay-Meslay (37179)
 Pont-de-Ruan (37186)
 Reugny (37194)
 La Riche (37195)
 Rigny-Ussé (37197)
 Rivarennes (37200)
 Rochecorbon (37203)
 Saché (37205)
 Saint-Avertin (37208)
 Saint-Branchs (37211)
 Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois (37212)
 Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire (37214)
 Saint-Étienne-de-Chigny (37217)
 Saint-Genouph (37219)
 Saint-Pierre-des-Corps (37233)
 Savonnières (37243)
 Sorigny (37250)
 Thilouze (37257)
 Tours (37261)
 Truyes (37263)
 Vallères (37264)
 Veigné (37266)
 Véretz (37267)
 Vernou-sur-Brenne (37270)
 Villaines-les-Rochers (37271)
 Villandry (37272)
 La Ville-aux-Dames (37273)
 Villeperdue (37278)
 Vouvray (37281)

The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Indre-et-Loire department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Tours
The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) or "sea cow"  is a manatee. It is the largest living member of the order Sirenia (which also includes dugongs and the extinct Steller's sea cow).

The West Indian manatee is a different species from the Amazonian manatee (T. inunguis) and the African manatee (T. senegalensis). The West Indian manatee is in two subspecies, the Florida manatee (T. m. latirostris) and the Antillean or Caribbean manatee (T. m. manatus). New research shows that there may be three groups:
 Florida and the Greater Antilles
 Mexico, Central America and northern South America
 Northeastern South America.

The Florida manatee and the Antillean manatee are endangered. Federal, state, private, and nonprofit organizations are working to protect these species from natural and human threats, such as collisions with boat propeller blades.

References

Sirenia
Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare genetic disorder.

Ultraviolet (UV) light damages the DNA in skin cells. Normally the DNA damage is repaired. But if a person has a defective repair gene,  the DNA is not repaired.

Consequences 
This disease causes the skin to be sensitive to sunlight. A person with this disorder must always stay out of the sun, or they will get a sunburn. People with this disease are often called a "Moon child" because they can only go outside during the night. This disease is present in both genders and in all races, with one in 250,000 people living in the US having this disease. A Japanese person is about six times more likely to have this disease.

This disorder is found in one in 250,000 people. People with xeroderma pigmentosum are about 1,000 times more likely to get skin cancer.

There is no cure for xeroderma pigmentosum. The symptoms can be minimized if you do not go outside into sunlight. Fewer than 40% of individuals with the disease survive beyond the age of 20. Some XP victims with less severe cases do manage to live well into their 40s.

People that have xeroderma pigmentosum are sensitive to UV light from the sun, and have dry, flaking skin and pigmented spots that can become skin cancer. 

Other symptoms include:
 Sunburn when in sunlight.
 Making of freckles at a young age
 Skin cancer
 Eyes that are sensitive to the sun and are irritated and clouded
 Blistering of the skin
 Limited growth of hair on the chest and legs
 Dry, scaly skin

The most important part of treatment is avoiding going into sunlight.  You may have to wear protective clothes and wear sunscreen.

Technical note 
XP can be caused by mutations in any one of eight genes. Seven of these genes help repair of ultraviolet-induced photoproducts.

References 

Genetic disorders
James Bradley FRS (1693 – 13 July 1762) was an English astronomer. He was born in Sherborne, Gloucestershire, England. Bradley was educated at Northleach Grammar School and at Balliol College, Oxford. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1714 and a Master of Arts in 1717. 

He became a member of the clergy and received an income at Bridstow in Herefordshire. Because of his friendship with Edmond Halley, in 1718 he was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society. He gave up his living at Bridstow to become a professor at Oxford in 1721. Bradley succeeded Edmond Halley as Astronomer Royal at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich in 1742. He held this post until his death in 1762.

In 1729 he published his discovery of the aberration of light (also called astronomical aberration). This was he first observational proof of the Copernican Hypothesis that the Sun is at the centre of the Solar System and not the Earth. He noticed a motion in the stars that did not fit the accepted pattern of the time. What he discovered was stellar aberration. In 1748 he published his discovery. That same year he was awarded the Copley Medal from the Royal Society for his discovery.

References 

1693 births
1762 deaths
English astronomers
Betten is a former municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Betten and Martisberg merged into the new municipality of Bettmeralp.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Valais
Silesian Wikipedia is the Silesian language edition of Wikipedia. It was started on 26 May 2008.

In October 2010 the Silesian Wikipedia was mentioned as one of the arguments for Silesian to become one of the regional languages in Poland.

2008 establishments
Wikipedias
The Eshtaol Forest is a forest in Israel, located north of Beit Shemesh and near Ta'oz and Neve Shalom. The Forest of the Martyrs lies to the east. The forest is a popular recreation area and is one of the largest forests in Israel. The forest (like most other forests in Israel) was planted in by the Jewish National Fund, which continues to expand it. The forest covers an area of .

Related pages
List of forests in Israel 
Jerusalem Forest
Yatir Forest
Jewish National Fund

Other websites

Jewish National Fund website

Forests
Geography of Israel
Salem district is a district in Tamil Nadu, South India.  Salem is the district headquarters and other major towns in the district include Mettur, Omalur and Attur. Salem is surrounded by hills and the landscape dotted with hillocks. Ancient Salem Nadu ruled by Mazhavar kings.

Population
According to 2011 census of India, Salem district had a population of 3,482,056 with a sex-ratio of 954 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 16.67% and 3.43% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 65.64%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.

Education
Salem district has many educational institutions including government schools, private schools and hundred years traditional institution Government arts college ,Government arts college for women  and the Government College of Engineering and Periyar University.

Industries
The Salem handloom industry is one of the most ancient cottage industries and producing quality saree, doti etc out of silk yarn and cotton yarn. More than 75,000 handlooms are working and the total value of cloth produced per annum is estimated at Rs.5,000 crores. With more than 125 spinning mills, with modern weaving units and garment units Salem established itself as one of the major textile center in Tamil Nadu .

Reference
École nationale supérieure d'électrotechnique, d'électronique, d'informatique, d'hydraulique et des télécommunications is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the University of Toulouse (Southern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur ENSEEIHT (ENSEEIHT Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Master of Science (in partnership with the French Civil Aviation University)
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS)
 Massive Online Open Course.

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ENSEEIHT.

Most of the 1500 graduate engineer students at ENSEEIHT live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports.

Research labs 
Research activities at ENSEEIHT relate to the following topics:
 Fluid mechanics
 Information technology
 Systems engineering
 Energy

References

Further reading 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in Toulouse
1907 establishments in Europe
1900s establishments in France
MADURAI district is one of the 32 districts in Tamil Nadu, South India. Madurai district is the second largest district by population. Madurai is the headquarters of this district. It is an important place for making movies.

Population
According to 2011 census of India, Madurai district had a population of 3,038,252. The population was 2,578,201 in the 2001 census. This is a growth rate of 17.95%. The district had a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males. This is up from 978 in 2001, and much above the national average of 929.

Administrative divisions in Madurai district
The district of Madurai has 13 taluks and revenue blocks with the same boundaries and names. They are:
 Thiruparankundram
 T.Kallupatti
 Tirumangalam
 Kallikudi
 Sedapatti
 Usilampatti
 Vadipatti
 Melur
 Madurai West
 Madurai East
 Kottampatti
 Alanganallur
 Chellampatti

Tourist attractions in the district
 Madurai Meenakshi Amman temple
 Thiruvathavur Thirumarainathar Temple
 Alagar Koyil
 Thirupparankundram Murugan Temple
 Thirumalai Nayakar Mahal
 1000 pillar hall
 Kazimar Big Mosque
 Gandhi Memorial Museum
Pazhamudhircholai
Vandiyur Mariamman Temple

References

Madurai district
The 2016 Kaikoura earthquake was a magnitude 7.8 (Mw) earthquake in the South Island of New Zealand. It happened two minutes after midnight on 14 November 2016 NZDT (11:02 on 13 November UTC). The epicentre where shaking started was about  north-east of Culverden and  south-west of the tourist town of Kaikoura. The epicentre was about 15 kilometres deep (9 mi).

The earthquake lasted for more than a minute, and was one of the three largest earthquakes in 2016.

References 

2016 earthquakes
Earthquakes in New Zealand
November 2016 events
2010s in New Zealand
Parole is the release of a prisoner before the end of his or her original sentence. This is based on the prisoner accepting certain conditions. Usually these include remaining on good behavior. They also agree to be monitored for a period of time by a public official called a parole officer.

References 

Legal terms
A form-based interface is a kind of user interface. In it, the user interacts with the application by selecting one of a number of possible values, and by entering text into the fields that accept it. A word processor which is used to write documents, might offer settings for the font size, the font to use, and the alignment of the paragraph on the page. Many databases support a technology called query by example: Users who do not know SQL can easily select database records which are similar to the information entered.
Other places where form based interface can be use is 
Online application for job, school, college
Bank to fill cash details a
Hospital for filling patients details

Computers
Metric space is a concept from Mathematics: Given a set of elments, there is a function which takes two arguments, which are elements of the set and returns a real number, which is usually called distance d between those elements. The function needs to be symmetric: d(x,y) = d (y,x).

Functions and mappings
Set theory
Bister is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Valais
Bitsch is a municipality in the district of Raron in the Swiss canton of Valais.

References

Municipalities of Valais
Blatten (Lötschen) is a village and municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Valais
Villages in Valais
Bürchen (Walliser German: Birchu) is a municipality of the district Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Bürchen  

Municipalities of Valais
Eischoll (Walliser German: Eyschol) is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Webpage 

Municipalities of Valais
Ferden is a municipality of the district Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Valais
Grengiols is a municipality of the district of Raron of the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Valais
Dumbarton (Dùn Breatainn or 'fort of the Britons'} is a town in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It is on the north bank of the River Clyde where the River Leven flows into the Clyde estuary. In 2006, it had an estimated population of 19,990.

Dumbarton was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Alclud, and later the county town of Dunbartonshire.
Dumbarton Castle, on top of Dumbarton Rock, dominates the area. Dumbarton was a Royal burgh between 1222 and 1975.

Dumbarton became a centre for shipbuilding, glassmaking, and whisky production. However, these industries have declined. Dumbarton today is more a commuter town for Glasgow  east-southeast of it. Dumbarton F.C. is the local football club.

References 

Towns in Scotland
Roy Asberry Cooper III (born June 13, 1957) is an American politician. He is currently the 75th Governor of North Carolina. He served as the Attorney General of North Carolina from 2001 to 2017. He was a member of the North Carolina State Senate. Cooper is a member of the North Carolina Democratic Party. 

He ran for Governor of North Carolina in the 2016 election against incumbent Pat McCrory. On December 5, McCrory conceded the election, making Cooper the first challenger to defeat a sitting governor in North Carolina since 1850. Cooper took office as the 75th governor of North Carolina on January 1, 2017. The Republican-dominated legislature passed bills in a special session before he took office to reduce his power. The legislature has overridden several of his vetoes of legislation.

References

1957 births
Living people
Governors of North Carolina
Lawyers from North Carolina
US Democratic Party politicians
The Marne is a river in France. It is a right tributary of the Seine in the area east and southeast of Paris. Four departments are named after it: Haute-Marne, Marne, Seine-et-Marne and Val-de-Marne.

The Marne is famous as the place of two battles during the First World War, the first in 1914 and the second in 1918.

Geography
The Marne river has a length of , one of the longest in France, and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Gournay-sur-Marne in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, for a period of 44 years.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Gournay-sur-Marne

Course
The source of the Marne river is in the Plateau de Langres, in the commune of Balesmes-sur-Marne, at an altitude of about , in the Haute-Marne department. It flows generally to the north then turns to the west between Saint-Dizier and Châlons-en-Champagne.

The Marne river flows through 3 regions, 7 departments and 218 communes. It flows through the following communes, among others:
 Grand Est region
 Haute-Marne : Langres, Chaumont, Saint-Dizier
 Marne : Vitry le François, Châlons-en-Champagne, Épernay
 Hauts-de-France region
 Aisne : Château-Thierry
  Île-de-France region
 Seine-et-Marne : Meaux, Lagny-sur-Marne, Saint-Thibault-des-Vignes, Torcy, Noisiel, Vaires-sur-Marne, Chelles
 Seine-Saint-Denis :  Gournay-sur-Marne, Noisy-le-Grand, Neuilly-sur-Marne, Neuilly-Plaisance
 Grand Paris
 Val-de-Marne : Nogent-sur-Marne, Créteil, Charenton-le-Pont, Champigny-sur-Marne, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, Joinville-le-Pont, Saint-Maurice, Bry-sur-Marne, Le Perreux-sur-Marne, Maisons-Alfort

Finally, it flows into the Seine river between Charenton-le-Pont and Alfortville in the Val-de-Marne department, in the area of Paris.

Main tributaries
The main tributaries of the Marne river are:

Left tributaries:
 Suize - 48.6 km
 Blaise - 85.6 km
 Fion - 21.3 km
 Coole - 30.2 km
 Somme-Soude - 59.9 km
 Surmelin - 41.5 km
 Petit Morin - 86 km
 Grand Morin - 120 km
 Guenelle - 30.1 km

Right tributaries:
 Traire - 29 km
 Rognon - 73.3 km
 Moivre - 22.8 km
 Saulx - 127 km
 Ourcq - 87 km 
 Thérouanne - 23.3 km
 Beuvronne - 23.9 km

Painters of the Marne

During the 19th and 20th centuries the Marne inspired many painters: some of them are:

 Camille Corot;
 Paul Cézanne;
 Pierre Emmanuel Damoye;
 Camille Pissarro;
 Henri Rousseau, known as "Le Douanier Rousseau";
 Albert Marquet;
 Raoul Dufy;
 André Dunoyer de Ségonzac;
 Louis Vuillermoz;
 Maurice Boitel;
 Daniel du Janerand.

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France
 First Battle of the Marne

References

Rivers of France
Grand Est
Hauts-de-France
Île-de-France
Elaine Lan Chao-McConnell (; born March 26, 1953) is an American politician. She was the 18th United States Secretary of Transportation from January 31, 2017 to January 11, 2021 during the Donald Trump administration.

She served as the 24th United States Secretary of Labor under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2009, and Deputy Secretary of Transportation under President George H. W. Bush. She was the first Asian-American woman and the first Taiwanese American in U.S. history to be appointed to a U.S. president's cabinet.

Early life
Chao was born in Taipei, Taiwan. Her parents were Ruth Mulan Chu Chao (1930–2007) and James S. C. Chao (born 1927). Her parents immigrated to the United States in 1961. She studied at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts and at Harvard University.

United States Secretary of Labor (2001–2009)
Chao was the only cabinet member in the George W. Bush administration to serve for the entirety of his eight years. She was also the longest-serving Secretary of Labor since Frances Perkins, who served from 1933 to 1945, under President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

United States Secretary of Transport (2017–2021) 
On November 29, 2016, it was announced that President-elect Donald Trump planned to nominate Chao for Secretary of Transportation when he takes office.

On January 31, 2017, the United States Senate confirmed Chao's nomination with a 93-6 vote. She assumed office on the same day, with Vice President Mike Pence swearing her in.

Following the 2021 United States Capitol attack, Chao announced her resignation as Secretary of Transportation on January 7, 2021. She resigned on January 11, 2021.

Personal life
Chao is married to Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky.

References

Other websites

 
 Heritage Foundation profile 
 
 Elaine Chao history at Department of Labor 
 Elaine Chao   Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America
 msb.georgetown.edu 

1953 births
Living people
Harvard University alumni
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Politicians from Kentucky
Businesspeople from Kentucky
Taiwanese businesspeople
United States Secretaries of Labor
United States Secretaries of Transportation
US Republican Party politicians
Thomas Edmunds "Tom" Price (born October 8, 1954) is an American physician and politician. He is the 23rd United States Secretary of Health and Human Services serving from February 10, 2017 to September 29, 2017. 

Price was U.S. Representative for , serving from  2005 through 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party. He formerly served as chairman of the Republican Study Committee and the Republican Policy Committee.

Early life
Price was born in Lansing, Michigan. He was raised in Dearborn, Michigan. He studied at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He moved to Atlanta, Georgia in the 1980s.

United States representative (2005–2017)
Price served as a United States representative from 2005 through 2017. Price's district served the northern suburbs of Atlanta. Price served as chairman of the House Budget Committee.

United States Secretary of Health and Human Services (2017)
On November 29, 2016, it was announced that Price would be nominated for Secretary of Health and Human Services by President-elect Donald Trump when he takes office.

On February 1, 2017, the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee approved his nomination by a vote of 11-0 with all Democrats boycotting the vote, sending the nomination to the Senate floor. On February 10, the Senate confirmed Price in an 52-47 vote.

In March 2017, Price endorsed the American Health Care Act, a bill proposed by House Republicans that would repeal the individual mandate and make several other major changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

In a series of reports in September 2017, Politico reported that since May 2017, Price had expended more than $1 million of Department funds for his own travel on private charter jets and military aircraft. Many of the flights were between cities that are easily accessible by train or car and have frequent, low-cost commercial airline service.

On September 29, 2017, Price resigned, becoming the shortest tenured Secretary of Health and Human Services.

Personal life
Price is married to Betty Price. They have one son together. Price is a Presbyterian.

References

Other websites

 Congressman Tom Price  official House site
 
 

1954 births
Living people
American physicians
People from Dearborn, Michigan
People from Lansing, Michigan
Politicians from Michigan
United States representatives from Georgia
United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services
US Republican Party politicians