cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Angelica is a genus of about 50 species of tall biennial and perennial herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, reaching as far North as Iceland and Lapland. They grow to 1-3 m tall, with large bipinnate leaves and large compound umbels of white or greenish-white flowers.

Species 
Some species can be found in Purple Moor and Rush Pastures.

Angelica ampla - Giant Angelica
Angelica archangelica - Garden Angelica, Archangel, Angelique
Angelica arguta - Lyall's Angelica
Angelica atropurpurea - Purplestem Angelica, Alexanders
Angelica breweri - Brewer's Angelica
Angelica californica - California Angelica
Angelica callii - Call's Angelica
Angelica canbyi - Canby's Angelica
Angelica cartilaginomarginata
Angelica dahurica - bai zhi in Chinese
Angelica dawsonii - Dawson's Angelica
Angelica dentata - Coastalplain Angelica
Angelica genuflexa - Kneeling Angelica
Angelica gigas - Cham dangwi in Korean
Angelica glabra - synonym for Angelica dahurica
Angelica grayi - Gray's Angelica
Angelica hendersonii - Henderson's Angelica
Angelica keiskei -- Ashitaba in Japanese
Angelica kingii - King's Angelica
Angelica lineariloba - Poison Angelica
Angelica lucida - Seacoast Angelica
Angelica pachyacarpa
Angelica palustris
Angelica pinnata - Small-leaf Angelica
Angelica pubescens
Angelica roseana - Rose Angelica
Angelica sinensis -  Dong quai
Angelica scabrida - Charleston Mountain Angelica
Angelica sylvestris - Wild Angelica
Angelica tomentosa - Woolly Angelica
Angelica triquinata - Filmy Angelica
Angelica venenosa - Hairy Angelica
Angelica wheeleri - Utah Angelica

References 

Apiaceae
Herbs
Acanthomintha is a genus of the Lamiaceae, or mint family.  The Acanthomintha genus is commonly referred to as Thornmint.  There are a number of species within this genus, including the endangered species Acanthomintha duttonii. All four thornmints are native to the California Floristic Province.  The origin of the genus name is from the identical Greek word meaning thornmint.

There are four species of Acanthomintha:

Acanthomintha duttonii (Abrams) Jokerst: San Mateo thorn-mint
Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray): San Diego thorn-mint, San Diego thornmint
Acanthomintha lanceolata (Curran): Santa Clara thorn-mint
Acanthomintha obovata (Jepson): San Benito thorn-mint

Lamiaceae
Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen zu Köningen (29 October 1879 - 2 May 1969) was a German nobleman, Catholic monarchist politician, General Staff officer, and diplomat. He was Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and as Vice Chancellor of Germany in 1933-1934. He was a member of the Catholic Centre Party of Germany until 1932. 

Papen was one the people who believed and said that they (the conservative elite and the military) could control Adolf Hitler when he becomes Chancellor of Germany; and was responsible for his rise to power along with Reich President Paul von Hindenburg, when he persuaded Hindenburg, that the other alternative to Hitler was Communist rule, which they saw as more dangerous. 

As a result, Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor on 30 January 1933. But von Papen's belief in controlling Hitler and his assurances to Hindenburg did not happen, because Hitler started to control them and gain more power. In March Hindenburg signed the Enabling Act of 1933 which gave special powers to Hitler and his government, and he became a dictator. Von Papen and the conservatives lost all influence, though most of them stayed as members in Hitler's cabinet with no powers, until the fall of the Third Reich.

Before and during World War II he was an ambassador, from 1934 to 1938 in Austria, and from 1939 to 1944 in Turkey.

Von Papen was one of the 24 people charged at the Nuremberg Trials. The court decided he was not guilty.

1879 births
1969 deaths
Chancellors of the Weimar Republic
Ambassadors of Germany
German military personnel of World War I
German Roman Catholics
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Majors
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
Prime Ministers of Prussia
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Vice Chancellors of Germany
Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi caused by irritation. It may also refer to acute bronchitis or chronic bronchitis. It can be caused by infection or other causes such as smoking, or being exposed to cigarettes.

Other websites
 NIH entry on Bronchitis
 MedlinePlus entries on Acute bronchitis and Chronic bronchitis
 Mayo Clinic factsheet on bronchitis

Health problems
Respiratory system
The Kashmiri people are a Dardic ethnic group living in the central valley of Kashmir in the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir. They speak the Kashmiri language. Kashmiri is an Indo-Aryan language. The Kashmiris are also known as Koshur.

There are about 7.1 million people speaking the Kashmiri language. About 6.7 million of them live in Jammu and Kashmir, and about 350,000 in Azad Kashmir and the Federally Administered Northern Areas (FANA) in Pakistan.  Although all residents of Azad Kashmir call themselves 'Kashmiri', most residents of Azad Kashmir are not ethnic Kashmiris.

Notes

Bibliography 
Scholarly books

References

Ethnic groups in India
Malvern College is a coeducational British public School, founded in 1865. It is in Malvern, Worcestershire.

Notable Old Malvernians 
This is a short list:
 Francis William Aston, Physicist, 1922 winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
 Humphry Berkeley, politician, humourist
 Aleister Crowley, occultist
 J.F.C. Fuller, soldier, military historian, strategist, occultist
 Prince Christian of Hanover, and Prince Ernst August of Hanover
 Godfrey Martin Huggins, 1st Viscount Malvern, Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia
 Arnold Jackson, 1912 Olympic 1500 m gold medallist, youngest ever British Army Brigadier-General, DSO with Three Bars.
 C. S. Lewis, novelist, scholar, Christian apologist
 James Meade, economist, 1977 winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics
 Dominic Sandbrook, historian and author
 Oliver Selfridge, computer scientist
 Alfred Stratford (1853 – 1914), England footballer and three times FA Cup winner with Wanderers F.C.
 John Wheeler-Bennett, historian

Other websites 
 Malvern College official web site 

Schools in England
1865 establishments in England
The Pakistan Armed Forces () are the overall unified military forces of Pakistan. The Pakistani military was first formed when the nation achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947.

Its component branches are:

 Pakistan Army
 Pakistan Navy
 Pakistan Air Force
 Paramilitary forces of Pakistan
 Pakistan Coast Guard
 Pakistan Strategic Nuclear Command

 
Approximately 620,000 people are on active duty in the military which is the world's 7th largest armed force as of 2007. Combined with the 302,000 strong Paramilitary forces and the Coast Guard, the Military of Pakistan has a total size of nearly 1,000,000 people.

Military of Pakistan
Spider Kiss (first called Rockabilly) is a 1961 book that was written by Harlan Ellison.  The story follows the fast rise and fall of an early rock 'n' roll singer named Stag Preston.

1961 books
English-language novels
Pakistan Air Force (, Pak Faza'ya) (PAF) is the Aviation branch of the Pakistan armed forces and is responsible for defending Pakistani air-space from intrusions. It also provides air support for ground troops. Every year on the 7th of September, the day after the annual celebration of the Pakistan Defense Day, the day is celebrated as the Air Force day in Pakistan. That day air shows and other programs mark the PAF's role in defending the nation.

Air forces
Military of Pakistan
The Vines are an Australian garage rock band from Sydney, Australia, notable for creating a musical combination of '60s rock and '90s alternative music. They have won an ARIA in 2002 for Breakthrough Artist and received nominations for six other awards in the same amount of years.

They also appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone in October 2002 (the first Australian band to do so since Men At Work in 1983) with the words "Rock is Back: meet the Vines" boldly emblazed underneath.

Discography

Studio albums
 2002: Highly Evolved
 2004: Winning Days
 2006: Vision Valley
 2008: Melodia
 2011: Future Primitive
 2014: Wicked Nature
 2018: In Miracle Land

Singles
 2001: Hot Leather/Sunchild
 2001: Factory
 2002: Highly Evolved
 2002: Get Free
 2002: Outtathaway!
 2003: Homesick
 2003: Fuck the World
 2004: Ride
 2004: Winning Days
 2006: Gross Out (Radio Promo Only)
 2006: Don't Listen to the Radio
 2006: Anysound
 2007: Dope Train (Video Promo Only)
 2008: He's a Rocker
 2008: MerryGoRound (Australian Radio-promo only)
 2008: Get Out
 2011: Gimme Love
 2011: Future Primitive
 2014: Metal Zone
 2016: In Miracle Land

Live recordings, compilations and demos
 2001: Five Track Demo / Six Track Demo
 2001: Mixes
 2002: This is Not the Vines Album
 2002: College EP
 2008: The Best of the Vines

References

Australian alternative rock bands
Post-grunge bands
Musical groups from Sydney
Interpol is an alternative rock band from New York City. Popular songs include Evil, PDA and NYC. The band's current members are Paul Banks, Daniel Kessler, and Sam Fogarino. Bassist Carlos Dengler departed the band in 2010.

Members 
Paul Banks is the artist name used by the lead vocalist and one of the guitarists in the band Interpol. He is American but was born in Clacton-on-Sea, Essex, England.  The family moved back to the USA, where his parents were from, when he was five. The family lived in Chicago, Illinois and Virginia Beach, Virginia. They also spent time in Europe and Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico before he attended college. 

He uses an alias in Interpol and in his solo work to separate life from work. In addition to Interpol, he has released one album, Julian Plenti Is... Skyscraper  in 2009 and one EP, Julian Plenti Lives... in 2012, using the name "Julian Plenti". He also released one album, Banks, in 2012, as "Paul Banks". A mixtape entitled Everybody on My Dick Like They Supposed to Be was made available to download on Datpiff in 2012. The tape has contributions from El-P, High Prizm, Talib Kweli and Mike G. 

Daniel Kessler - lead guitar.

Sam Fogarino - drums.

History 

Interpol formed in the 1997 at NYU and signed to Matador Records in 2002. Their first album, Turn On The Bright Lights was released on August 20, 2002, through Matador Records.  Well known singles and music videos from this album this include "Obstacle 1", "PDA" and "NYC". 

The band's second album, Antics  was released September 28, 2004, also through Matador Records. Well known singles and music videos from this album include "Slow Hands", "Evil" and "C'mere". The "Evil" music video, directed by Charlie White is perhaps Interpol's best known. It shows a lifelike puppet surviving a car wreck. The meaning behind the song is much discussed, though Interpol have denied that it is about serial killers.

The band's third album, Our Love To Admire was released July 10, 2007 through Capitol Records. Well known singles and videos from this album include "The Heinrich Maneuver", "No I Threesome" and "Rest My Chemistry".

In July 2010, Interpol announced the departure of bassist Carlos Dengler. The fourth album, Interpol, was released on September 7, 2010. Well known singles and videos from this album include "Barricade" and "Lights". The video for "Lights" was again directed by Charlie White.

The fifth album and most recent album, El Pintor, was released on September 8, 2014. Well known singles and videos from this album include "All The Rage Back Home", "My Desire" and "Everything Is Wrong".

Discography 
 Precipitate EP 
 Interpol EP (2002)
 Turn On The Bright Lights (2002)
 The Black EP (2003)
 Antics (2004)
 Our Love To Admire (2007)
 Interpol (2010)
 El Pintor (2014)
Marauder (2018)

References

Other websites

 Band website
 Interpol at Allmusic

1997 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American rock bands
Musical groups established in 1997
Musical groups from New York City
Editors are an indie rock band from England. They were formed in 2002. They were first called Pilot, then The Pride and also Snowfield. The band members are:
 Tom Smith - lead vocals, rhythm guitar, piano
 Chris Urbanowicz - lead guitar and synth 
 Russell Leetch - bass guitar and  backing vocals 
 Ed Lay - drums, percussion and backing vocals. 

Editors have so far made two platinum albums, selling over two million copies around the world. Their first album, The Back Room, came out in 2005. It had hit songs such as "Munich" and "Blood" and the following year was nominated for the Mercury Prize. Their next album An End Has a Start went to number one in the UK Album Chart in June 2007. It was nominated for a BRIT Award for best British Band. The second album also had a Top 10 hit single, "Smokers Outside the Hospital Doors".

After success in the charts, sold out tours and playing as the main act at many festivals, The Mail on Sunday newspaper said the Editors were the second biggest British band of the decade, after Arctic Monkeys. Their style of epic, sweeping, indie rock is often compared to the sound of bands such as Echo and the Bunnymen, Joy Division, Interpol and U2.

Studio albums 
 The Back Room (2005)
 An End Has a Start (2007)
 In This Light and on This Evening (2009)
 The Weight of Your Love (2013)
 In Dream (2015)
 Violence (2018)

References 

English rock bands
A Clash of Kings is the second of seven planned books in A Song of Ice and Fire, a fantasy series written by George R. R. Martin. It was first released on 16 November 1998 in the United Kingdom, but the first United States edition did not come out until March 1999. It won the Locus Award in 1999 for Best Novel and was nominated for the Nebula Award in 2000 for Best Novel.

In other languages 
 Bulgarian: "Сблъсък на Крале"
 Chinese
 Croatian: "Sraz kraljeva"
 Czech: Střet králů
 Dutch: Luitingh-Sijthoff (1999): ""
 Finnish: ""
 French: Three volumes (Hardcover: Pygmalion (2000); paperback: J'ai Lu (2002)): "", "", ""
 German: Single volume, Fantasy Productions (2004): "". Two volumes, Blanvalet (2000): "", "".
 Greek
 Hebrew:  (Two volumes)
 Hungarian: Single volume, Alexandra: ""
 Italian: Two volumes, Mondadori (2002): "", ""; as a single volume titled "Lo scontro dei re" in the collection Urania Fantasy - Le grandi saghe (July 2008)
 Japanese
 Korean
 Polish: ""
 Portuguese: Two volumes: Saída de Emergência (2008): "", ""
 Romanian: Two volumes: ""
 Russian: Single volume, AST (2004, 2005, 2006): "". Two volumes, AST (2000): "", "".
 Serbian: "Sudar kraljeva"
 Spanish: Gigamesh (2003): ""
 Swedish: ""
 Turkish: ""

Awards 
 Locus Award – Best Novel (Fantasy) (Won) – (1999)
 Nebula Award – Best Novel (Nominated) – (2000)
 Ignotus Award – Best Novel (Foreign) (Won) – (2004)

A Song of Ice and Fire
1998 books
20th-century American novels
Fantasy books
A Storm of Swords is the third of seven planned books in A Song of Ice and Fire, a fantasy series written by George R. R. Martin. It was first released on 8 August 2000 in the United Kingdom, and in November 2000 in the United States.

A Storm of Swords won the 2001 Locus Award and 2002 Geffen Award for Best Novel and was nominated for the 2002 Nebula Award for Best Novel. It was also put up for the Hugo Award, but it lost to JK Rowling's novel Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.

Translations 

Dutch: Two volumes, Luitingh-Sijthoff (2001, 2002): , 
Finnish: Two volumes, Kirjava (2005, 2006): , 
French: Four volumes (Hardcover: Pygmalion (2001, 2002, 2003); paperback: J'ai Lu (2003, 2004)):  (hardcover) /  (paperback), , , 
German: Single volume, Fantasy Productions (2005): . Two volumes, Blanvalet (2001, 2002): , .
Greek
 (Two volumes)
Hungarian: Single volume, Alexandra: 
Italian: Three volumes, Mondadori (2002, 2003): , , .

Portuguese: Two volumes: Saída de Emergência (2008, forthcoming): , 

Spanish: Two volumes, Gilgamesh (2005): , .
Swedish: Three volumes,  (1997, 2005),  (2006),  (2007)

Awards 
Hugo Award – Best Novel (Nominated) – (2001)
Locus Award – Best Novel (Fantasy) (Won) – (2001)
Nebula Award – Best Novel (Nominated) – (2002)
Geffen Award – Best Fantasy Book (Won) – (2002)
Ignotus Award – Best Novel (Foreign) (Won) – (2006)

A Song of Ice and Fire
2000 books
A Feast for Crows is the fourth of seven planned books in A Song of Ice and Fire, a fantasy series written by George R. R. Martin. The book was first released on 17 October 2005 in the United Kingdom, and in the United States on 8 November 2005.

Like A Storm of Swords, A Feast for Crows was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel,  and was also the first book in the series to get to the top of the New York Times bestseller list.

Translations 
 Bulgarian: Bard (2006): "".
 Croatian: Algoritam (2006): "".
 Catalan: (2012) "".
 Dutch: Luitingh (2006): "".
 Finnish: "" (2007).
 French: Hardcover: Pygmalion (2006-...): "", "", "".
 German: Single volume, Fantasy Productions (2006): "" (to be released). Two volumes, Blanvalet (2006): "", "".
 Hungarian: Alexandra (2007): "".
 Italian: "" (Volume 1, 2006), "" (Volume 2, 2007).
 Polish: "".
 Russian: "".
 Serbian: Laguna (2006): "".
 Spanish: Gigamesh (2007): "".

Awards 
 Hugo Award – Best Novel (nominated) – (2006)
 British Fantasy Award – Best Novel (nominated) – (2006)
 Quill Award – Best Novel (Science Fiction & Fantasy) (nominated) – (2006)

A Song of Ice and Fire
2005 books
21st century American novels
Fantasy books
Paprika is a spice made from the grinding of dried sweet red bell peppers. The word comes from a Turkish word meaning "pepper". In many non-English speaking European countries, the word paprika also refers to bell peppers themselves.  The seasoning is used in many cuisines to add color and flavor to cooked foods.

Spices
Syzygium is a genus of flowering plants, belonging to the myrtle family Myrtaceae. The genus comprises about 1100 species, and has a native range that extends from Africa and Madagascar through southern Asia east through the Pacific.

Species
 Syzygium ampliflorum
 Syzygium amplifolium
 Syzygium andamanicum
 Syzygium anisatum
 Syzygium aqueum (Water Apple, Bell fruit, Water cherry, Watery rose apple)
 Syzygium australe (Brush Cherry (Aust.))
 Syzygium aromaticum (Clove)
 Syzygium beddomei
 Syzygium benthamianum
 Syzygium bourdillonii
 Syzygium caryophyllatum
 Syzygium chavaran
 Syzygium cordatum (Hute, Waterbessie, undoni, water berry, umSwi)
 Syzygium corynanthum (Sour cherry)
 Syzygium courtallense
 Syzygium crebrinerve  (Purple cherry)
 Syzygium cumini (Jambul, Jambolan, Black plum, Damson plum, Duhat plum, Jambolan plum, Java plum, Malabar plum, Portuguese plum)
 Syzygium curanii (Lipote)
 Syzygium cyclophyllum
 Syzygium densiflorum
 Syzygium diffusum
 Syzygium discophorum
 Syzygium erythrocalyx (Johnstones River Satinash)
 Syzygium fergusonii
 Syzygium fibrosum
 Syzygium fijiense
 Syzygium forte (White Apple)
 Syzygium francisii  (Giant water gum)
 Syzygium gambleanum
 Syzygium guehoi
 Syzygium guineese (Waterberry)
 Syzygium hodgkinsoniae  (Red lilly pilly)
 Syzygium jambos (Roseapple, Malabar plum, Plum rose, Rose apple, Water apple)
 Syzygium luehmannii (Riberry, Cherry Satinash)
 Syzygium maire
 Syzygium malaccense (Malay Apple, Malacca apple, Malay rose apple, Mountain apple, Otaheite cashew, Rose apple, Water apple)
 Syzygium makul
 Syzygium manii
 Syzygium micranthum
 Syzygium microphyllum
 Syzygium minus
 Syzygium moorei  (Coolamon)
 Syzygium myhendrae
 Syzygium neesianum
 Syzygium occidentale
 Syzygium oleosum Blue Lilly Pilly
 Syzygium oliganthum
 Syzygium palghatense
 Syzygium paniculatum (Magenta lillypilly (Aust.))
 Syzygium parameswaranii
 Syzygium phaeophyllum
 Syzygium phyllyraeoides
 Syzygium polyanthum (Indian bay leaf, Indonesian bay leaf, Salam leaf, daun salam, Indonesian laurel)
 Syzygium pondoense
 Syzygium purpureum
 Syzygium ramavarma
 Syzygium rotundifolium
 Syzygium samarangense (Java Apple, Makopa, Java rose apple, Samarang rose apple, Water apple, Wax jambu, Wax apple)
 Syzygium seemannianum
 Syzygium smithii = Acmena smithii
 Syzygium spathulatum
 Syzygium spissum
 Syzygium stocksii
 Syzygium suborbiculare (Lady Apple)
 Syzygium sylvestre
 Syzygium travancoricum
 Syzygium turbinatum
 Syzygium umbrosum
 Syzygium utilis
 Syzygium wolfii
 Syzygium wrightii
 Syzygium zeylanicum (Smaich (Cambodia))

Myrtaceae
Junoon (, meaning "obsession" in Urdu and "madness" in Arabic) is one of Pakistan's most popular rock bands. It is from the city of Lahore. It was formed in 1990 by guitarist/songwriter/medical doctor Salman Ahmad. It comes in the genre of Sufi rock.

Rock bands
Pakistani entertainers
Companies headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma

This list is very out of date and incomplete.

Largest Companies
ONEOK - Fortune 500 (312)
Williams Companies - Fortune 500 (367)
Dollar-Thrifty Automotive Group - Fortune 1000 (958) - Purchased by Hertz and Jobs moved from Tulsa.
Semgroup 
QuikTrip - Fortune's Largest Private Companies (33)
Vanguard Automotive Group:Alamo, National Purchased by Enterprise.  Most jobs moved to St. Louis or eliminated.  Small/Growing Shared Service Center remains.
Red Man Pipe and Supply

Other companies
AAON
Bama Pie
BOK Financial Corporation, parent company of Bank of Oklahoma, Bank of Texas and 4 other bank subsidiaries
Bluefin Payment Systems
Casillas Petroleum
Crane Carrier Corporation
ENGlobal Corporation
Enovation Controls
Explorer Pipeline 
Facet International
FlightSafety International   (Simulation Systems Division)
Rubbean Construction Company
GasTech Engineering Corporation
Helmerich & Payne, Inc., oil and gas exploration, and real-estate holding company
Hilti USA - Moved most of it's operation to Dallas.
John Zink Co.
Kenco Engineering
Lowrance Electronics
Lufthansa Technik Tulsa
Magellan Midstream Partners, L.P.
Manhattan Construction Company
Matrix Services
Mazzio’s
McElroy Manufacturing, Inc.
Nordam Group
Plymouth Pharmaceuticals
Public Service Company of Oklahoma a subsidiary of American Electric Power
RibCrib
Saint Francis Health System
Skycam
SmartMax Software
Syntroleum
Samson Investment Company, petroleum production and exploration company
TD Williamson
Unit Corp
Webco Industries
Winnercomm
Xcel Energy
Xeta Technologies
ZFG Mortgage
Leinbach Company

Tulsa, Oklahoma
Oklahoma-related lists
Lists of companies
ONEOK, Inc. (pronounced like 'one oak') () is a diversified Fortune 200 corporation based in Tulsa, Oklahoma.  Founded in 1906 as Oklahoma Natural Gas Company, it is one of the largest natural gas distributors in the United States.

Other websites
 ONEOK Website

Tulsa, Oklahoma
1906 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in Oklahoma Territory
Selhurst Park is a football stadium in the London Borough of Croydon. It is home to Crystal Palace Football Club.

Football stadiums in London
Zack de la Rocha (born January 12, 1970) is the lead singer of American rock band Rage Against the Machine.  He was born in Long Beach, California.

Biography

Early life (1970-1991)
Zack was interested in punk rock- including bands such as the Sex Pistols and the Clash- from a young age. In seventh grade, Zack played guitar in a punk band called Juvenile Expression, along with his friend Tim Commerford, who played bass. As a teenager, Zack grew to like hardcore punk bands such as Minor Threat and Fugazi, and joined Hardstance as a guitarist. In 1988, Hardstance changed it's name to Inside Out, and Zack became vocalist. Inside Out broke up in 1991. In August of that year, while performing in a club, Zack was approached by Los Angeles local musicians Tom Morello, a guitarist, and Brad Wilk, a drummer and the three agreed to form a band called Rage Against the Machine, which was the name of a song Zack had written when he was vocalist. De la Rocha asked former Juvenile Expression bandmate Tim Commerford to play bass, and he agreed.

As a teenager, de la Rocha became a vegetarian for ethical reasons

Rage Against the Machine (1991-2000: 2007-present)
Zack wrote most of Rage Against the Machine's songs, with lyrics that talked about politics and current events. The band signed with Epic Records in 1992 and released three original albums between 1992 and 1999- Rage Against the Machine in 1992, Evil Empire in 1996, and The Battle of Los Angeles in 1999. Zack left the band in October, 2000 for "political and creative differences". A fourth album, Renegades, was released in December.

On January 22, 2007, it was announced that RATM would reunite to play a show in Coachella, California. Since then, the band has been active in political causes and is planning to release a new album in 2011.

References

1970 births
Living people
Singers from California
People from Long Beach, California
The fire triangle is used to show the rule that a fire needs three things to burn. These things are heat, fuel, and oxygen. If one of these three is removed, the fire will be put out. In the middle of the fire triangle there is also a chemical reaction.

Without heat, a fire cannot begin. If fire becomes cool enough, it will not keep burning. Heat can be removed by using water. This only works on some types of fire. Separating burning fuels from each other can also reduce the heat. In forest fires, burning logs are separated and placed into safe areas where there is no other fuel. Turning off the electricity in an electrical fire removes the heat source, but other fuels may have caught fire. They will continue burning until the firefighters deal with them and their fire triangles. Without oxygen, a fire can not start. Oxygen may be removed from a fire by covering it in some way. Some foams and heavy gases (for example, carbon dioxide) are often used for this. The fire can also be closed off away from a source of oxygen. Once all the oxygen in the closed off area is used by the fire, it will go out if it cannot get more oxygen because it needs oxygen.

Fire
Nicaragua is a country in Central America. It is officially called the Republic of Nicaragua (). It has a size of 129,494 square kilometres. It is the largest country in Central America. It borders Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The capital of the country is Managua. Managua is the third-largest city in Central America. It is also the biggest city of Nicaragua. Almost a quarter of the population lives in the capital city. 

The population of Nicaragua is approximately 6 million. The population is multicultural. The population includes indigenous native tribes from the Miskito Coast, Europeans, Africans, and Asians. The main language is Spanish. Some native tribes on the eastern coast speak their native languages. Some of these languages are Miskito, Sumo, and Rama. Some people speak English Creole. Creole is a curious mix-match of English, Dutch, French, Portuguese and Spanish. It dates back to the days when pirates hid out among the islands and cays that make up the coastline. The mixture of cultures has created diversity in art and literature. Some famous Nicaraguan writers are Rubén Darío, Ernesto Cardenal, and Gioconda Belli. The International Poetry Festival held each February in Granada attracts poets and fans from all over the world. Unlike the majority of Latin American countries, Nicaraguans do not see soccer as their main sport. Baseball is king here, an influence from the years of United States occupation in the early 20th century. Music in Nicaragua is the same as elsewhere in the region. The traditional Latin styles like salsa and meringue rule. The Caribbean side has its own Caribbean Island vibe, as well as the traditional Garifuna Punta style. 

The biological diversity, warm tropical climate, and active volcanoes make Nicaragua an increasingly popular tourist destination.

References 

 
Spanish-speaking countries
Lalon Shah Bridge is the second longest bridge in Bangladesh. Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia inaugurated the bridge at a ceremony held at Paksey. The bridge directly connects the north-western and south-western regions of the country by road. The river Padma had separated the two regions.

The 1.8 K.M long bridge has been constructed parallel to historic Hardinge Railway Bridge over the river Padma with the financial assistance from Japan. To construct the bridge, the Government of Japan through JBIC extended soft ODA Yen loan to Bangladesh in two phases. The first phase loan agreement was signed between Bangladesh and Japan on July 01, 1997 while the second phase loan agreement on March 31, 2001. The total cost of the bridge is US $ 184 million of which JBIC contributed US $ 141 million, which is about 80% of the total cost.

An inauguration ceremony was held at the bridge site at Paksey on May 18, 2004. Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia was the Chief Guest while Ambassador of Japan to Bangladesh H.E. Mr. Matsushiro Horiguchi spoke as the special guest. Mr. Ryutaro Koga, Deputy Director General of JBIC Tokyo read out the message from JBIC Governor Mr. Kyosuke Shinozawa in the ceremony. Mr. Tsutomu Uchida, Chief Representative of JBIC Dhaka was present, among others, in the function.

The Lalon Shah Bridge has some of the deepest concrete piles in the world and the longest continuous segmental deck in the world, erected by using the balanced cantilever technique.

Buildings and structures in Bangladesh
Bridges
Charlotte Emma Moore Sitterly (September 24, 1898 – March 3, 1990) was an American astronomer.

Charlotte Moore was born in Ercildoun, Pennsylvania. She graduated from Swarthmore College in 1920 and went on to Princeton to assist Henry Norris Russell. During this time, she worked at the Princeton University Observatory and the Mt. Wilson Observatory. She worked much on solar spectroscopy, studying the spectral lines of the Sun and identifying the chemical elements in the Sun. She earned a Ph.D. in astronomy in 1931 from the University of California, Berkeley on a Lick Fellowship. She then returned to Princeton.

During her second stay at Princeton, she met and married Bancroft W. Sitterly, who became a physics professor. She joined the then National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in 1945. Her tables of atomic spectra and energy levels, published by NBS, have remained essential references in spectroscopy for decades.

Later in her life, it became possible to launch instruments on rockets and she extended her work to the ultraviolet spectral lines.

1898 births
1990 deaths

American astronomers
Scientists from Pennsylvania
Widzew Łódź is a Polish football (soccer) club from Łódź, Poland.

The club was started in 1910 and currently plays in the Polish First League. They have won the Polish league four times (1981, 1982, 1996 and 1997). Their official colours are red-white-red.

Polish football clubs
Łódź
1910 establishments in Europe
20th century establishments in Poland
The Palestinian territories usually refers to Judea and Samaria and the Gaza Strip. Their final status has yet to be determined. The territories were originally part of the Israeli Civil Administration, until the Oslo Accords in 1993. They were captured and occupied by Jordan and by Egypt in the late 1940s. Israel captured and occupied the areas in the Six-Day War in 1967.  Palestinian territories borders Jordan in the east, Israel in the west. It also borders Egypt on the southwest, which shares the maritime boundary of the Dead Sea.

After the Oslo Accords were signed in 1993, parts of the territories have been governed by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). Both Israel and the PNA claim East Jerusalem, which was captured by Israel in 1967. In 1980, Israel made a law to include East Jerusalem as part of Israel. This has not been recognized by any other country. Part of Judea and Samaria is ruled by the Israeli 'Judea and Samaria Civil Administration'. This has not been recognized by any other country.

Since the Palestinian Declaration of Independence in 1988, about 130 UN members have recognized the State of Palestine. Israel and the United States have not.
The West Indies Federation, also known as the Federation of the West Indies, was a short-lived Caribbean federation.  It lasted from January 3, 1958 to May 31, 1962. It was made of several Caribbean colonies of the United Kingdom. The expressed intention of the Federation was to make a political unit that would become independent from Britain as a single state—possibly similar to the Canadian Confederation, or Australian Federation. Before that could happen, the Federation collapsed due to internal political conflicts.

Former countries in North America
1958 establishments in North America
1962 disestablishments
20th-century disestablishments in North America
A Little Bit Longer is the third hit studio album by American teen pop-rock band The Jonas Brothers. The album was released August 12, 2008 in the United States. The title of the album, A Little Bit Longer, comes from their song of the same name, which Nick Jonas wrote about his dealings with having type one diabetes. The album artwork was released by Team Jonas, the Jonas Brothers' official fan club, to fan club members via an e-mail newsletter on June 20, 2008. Like their last album, this one also features that includes more than 30 pages of bonus features with exclusive video performance, 60 printable photos, complete album lyrics, downloadable graphics, and hidden links. In addition, the packaging of the album is made from 100% recycled materials.

Track List 
 "BB Good"
 "Burnin' Up"
 "Shelf"
 "One Man Show"
 "Lovebug"
 "Tonight"
 "Can't Have You"
 "Video Girl"
 "Pushing Me Away"
 "Sorry"
 "Got Me Going Crazy"
 "A Little Bit Longer"
 "A Little Bit Longer (Live)"
 "Out of This World"
 "Live to Party"
 "Hello Goodbye"

Reviews 
Allmusic 
Blender 
Detroit Free Press 
The Gazette 
The Guardian 
Jesus Freak Hideout 
Los Angeles Times 
Rolling Stone 
Slant Magazine 
Toronto Star

References 

2008 albums
An antioxidant is a molecule that can slow or stop the oxidation, or electron transfer, of other molecules. 

Antioxidants can be found in food.

Antioxidants are molecules that relieve oxidative stress by preventing the formation and oxidation of free radicals. Antioxidants donate one of their electrons or hydrogen to free radicals, stopping their chain reaction. Found in our diet (for example, in vitamins) or formed inside our body (like enzymes), antioxidants can protect us from the damaging effects of free radicals.

The best way to combat free radicals is to have a diet of fresh fruits and vegetables, red wine, and green tea. These functional foods are rich in phytochemicals with antioxidant properties. Health supplements enriched with antioxidants are also now widely available.

References
Afzal, M., Armstrong, D. (2002). “Fractionation of herbal medicine for identifying antioxidant activity”. In: Armstrong, D. (Ed.) Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 186: Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Antioxidant Protocols, Humana Press Inc.
Halliwell, B., Aeschbach, R., Loliger, J., Aruoma, O.I. (1995). ”The characterization of antioxidant”. Food and Chemical Toxicology 33(7): 601–617.
Kaur, C., Kapoor, H. (2001). “Review: antioxidants in fruits and vegetables – the millennium’s health”. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 36: 703–725.
Percival, M. (1998). “Antioxidants”. Clinical Nutrition Insights 1/96 Rev. 10/98. http://acudoc.com/Antioxidants.PDF

Health
Chemical processes
A marshmallow is a candy that is made of sugar or corn syrup, water, and gelatin, that has been pre-softened in hot water, dextrose, and flavorings, whipped to a spongy consistency. Marshmallows are used in several types of candies, on foods, and on some drinks such as hot chocolate.

Nutritional value 
The weight of a single portion of marshmallows is about  (four large marshmallows or a half cup of mini marshmallows)

References

Desserts
"Find a Way" is a single released off of the album by alternative rock band The 10th Day called Makes Me Wonder.

References

Rock songs
1998 songs
The Picture of Dorian Gray is the only published book written by Oscar Wilde. It was first published in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine on June 20, 1890. Later, Wilde was asked to edit this version, and it was published again in April 1891. The story is often incorrectly called The Portrait of Dorian Gray.

Plot 
The Picture of Dorian Gray is about a young man named Dorian Gray who has a portrait painted of himself. The artist, Basil Hallward, thinks Dorian Gray is very beautiful, and becomes obsessed with Dorian. One day in Basil's garden, Dorian Gray meets a man named Lord Henry Wotton. Lord Henry Wotton makes Dorian Gray believe that the only thing important in life is beauty. However, Dorian realizes that he will become less beautiful as he grows older. He wishes the portrait Basil painted would become old in his place. Dorian then sells his soul so he can be beautiful forever, but not on purpose.

Dorian's wish comes true. However, every time Dorian does something evil, mean, or selfish, his picture ages. For 18 years, Dorian does not age. He does many bad things, while his portrait becomes more aged with each bad deed. Later on, Dorian decides to stop doing bad things in the hopes that this will make his portrait become beautiful again, but it only makes it worse. Dorian thinks that only a full confession will make the portrait beautiful again. However, he does not feel guilty for anything he has done. So Dorian picks up a knife and destroys the portrait.

When his servants hear a scream from the room Dorian is in, they call the police. The police find Dorian's body on the floor with a stab wound in his heart. His body has become very aged. However, the portrait has returned to the way it was when it was first painted.

References 

1890 books
British novels
Horror novels
English-language novels
The Little Red Book (official title Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong ) is a book of the sayings of Mao Zedong. The book was written by Lin Biao in 1964 .

It was put out by the military newspaper of the People's Republic of China from April 1964 until about 1976. The book is a collection of quotes taken from Mao Zedong's speeches and books. Its popular title The Little Red Book describes its size and appearance: it was specially designed for easy carrying.

Non-fiction books
China
Wii Sports Resort (also known as Wii Sports Beach) is a sports video game for the Wii. It is a sequel to Wii Sports and was released in Summer 2009. The game is part of a series of games sometimes referred to as the Wii Series. The game comes bundled with the MotionPlus device and another Wii Remote Jacket, both of which are also sold separately. The game is set in beach resort called Wuhu Island.

List of Sports 
Here are what games can be played on Wii Sports Resort.

Swordplay
Wakeboarding
Frisbee
Archery
Basketball
Table Tennis
Golf
Bowling
Power Cruising
Canoeing
Cycling
Air Sports

Notes 

2009 video games
Wii games
Sports video games
On the Road is a novel by American writer Jack Kerouac, written in April 1951, and published in 1957. Most of it is autobiographical and was written based on the road trips of Kerouac and his friends across mid-century America and is often considered a defining work of the postwar Beat Generation.

When the book was originally released, the New York Times hailed it as "the most beautifully executed, the clearest and most important utterance" of Kerouac's generation.  The novel was chosen by TIME Magazine as one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005.

Related pages
Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century

References

Beat Generation
English-language novels
American novels
For oral sex on a man see fellatio.
For oral sex on a woman see cunnilingus.
''For the explanation of different types of English language see Oral Sects.

Oral sex is when one partner uses the tongue, mouth or throat to excite the other partner's sex organs. For males it can include placing the penis in one's mouth and for females licking the vaginal area.

Sometimes oral sex is performed as a way of getting ready for intercourse, but it may be done as an alternative to intercourse. 

If someone is performing oral sex on a male, he or she may decide to swallow the semen if the male ejaculates in the mouth. There is no risk of pregnancy from swallowing semen.

One can get sexually transmitted diseases from oral sex, such as herpes simplex (which can be passed between mouth and groin or the other way). Some STDs, like HIV, are much harder to pass through oral sex, but it is still possible.

The technical term for oral sex is fellatio if performed on a male and cunnilingus if performed on a female. Slang for oral sex is common in Western cultures, for example: "going down on" or "giving a blowjob" or "giving head."

Related pages
69 (sex position)
Fellatio

References

Human sexuality
Chartreuse green is the color halfway between yellow and green on the RGB color wheel.

Chartreuse green (the web color known as chartreuse since the X11 colors were created in 1987 and then renamed the X11 web colors in 1991) is a web color that was named because it looked like the green color of a French liqueur called green chartreuse, made since 1764. Before 1987, this color was called yellow-green, but that name is now used for the web color "yellow-green", a medium dark shade of chartreuse green shown in the color chart below. 

The color chartreuse yellow (the traditional color originally called chartreuse since 1892) is a yellow color mixed with a small amount of green that was named because it looked similar to the yellow color of a French liqueur called yellow chartreuse, introduced in 1838.  The color chartreuse yellow is shown on the color chart below. Chartreuse yellow is the color halfway between lime and yellow on the RGB color wheel.

Meaning of chartreuse green

 Chartreuse green is the color of most salad greens and therefore it is associated with good health and a healthy diet.  

 Chartreuse green is associated with nature and the country.  

 Chartreuse green is associated with healing.

Tones of chartreuse green color comparison chart

Related pages
List of colors

References
The Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) is a tailless, black furred gibbon native to the forests of Malaysia, Thailand, and Sumatra. It lives in trees, that's why it is called arboreal. The Siamang is the largest of the lesser apes. It can grow to be twice the size of other gibbons. Siamangs grow to about 1 m in height, and weigh up to 23 kg. The Siamang is the only species in the genus Symphalangus.

The Siamang is different form other gibbons. In Siamangs, two fingers on each hand are fused together, that's where  the name "syndactylus" is from. Siamangs have large  "gular sacs". These can be found in both males and females. The gular sac is a throat pouch that can be inflated to the size of its head. This allows the Siamang to make loud resonating calls or songs.

There may be two subspecies of the Siamang. If so, they are the nominate Sumatran Siamang (S. s. syndactylus) and the Malaysian Siamang (S. s. continentis, in peninsular Malaysia). Otherwise, the Malaysian individuals are only a population. The Siamang is the only gibbon which occurs sympatrically with other gibbons; its two ranges are entirely within the combined ranges of the Agile Gibbon and the Lar Gibbon.

The Siamang can live over 30 years in captivity.

While the illegal buying and selling of pets takes a toll on wild populations, the main threat to the Siamang is habitat loss in both Malaysia and Sumatra. Palm oil production is clearing lots of forest, reducing the habitat of the Siamang, along with that of other species such as the Sumatran Tiger.

References

Apes
Mammals of Asia
Albert Bitzius (October 4, 1797 – October 22, 1854) was a  Swiss novelist and pastor. He is probably more famous by his pen name Jeremias Gotthelf. He was born in Murten, where his father was pastor.

In 1804 the home was moved to Utzenstorf, a village in the Bernese Emmental. Bitzius gew up there and  received his early education. He also had to  help his father to cultivate his glebe. In 1812 he went to complete his education at Bern, and in 1820 was received as a pastor. In 1821 he visited the University of Göttingen, but returned home in 1822 to act as his father's assistant. When his father died in 1824, he went to Herzogenbuchsee as a priest. In 1829, he went to Bern. Early in 1831 he went to help the old pastor of the village of Lützelflüh, in the Upper Emmenthal (between Langnau and Burgdorf). In 1832 he was chosen as his successor. He  married one of his granddaughters in 1833. He spent the rest of his life there, leaving three children (the son was a pastor, the two daughters married pastors).

His first work, the Bauernspiegel, appeared in 1837. It claimed to be the life of Jeremias Gotthelf, narrated by himself, and this name was later adopted by the author as his pen name. It is a living picture of Bernese (or, strictly speaking, Emmenthal) village life, true to nature, and not attempting to gloss over its defects and failings. It is written (like the rest of his works) in German, but contains expressions from the Bernese dialect of the Emmenthal.  Unlike Auerbach, Bitzius was not a peasant by birth, but belonged to the educated classes. He reproduces what he had seen and learnt, and not what he had himself personally experienced. The book was a great success, as it was a picture of real life, and not of fancifully beribboned eighteenth-century villagers.

His best known work is without doubt the short novel Die Schwarze Spinne (The Black Spider), a semi-allegorical tale of the plague in form of the titular monster that devastates a Swiss valley community; first as a result of a pact with the devil born out of need and a second time due to the moral decay that releases the monster from its prison again.

Among his later tales are the Leiden und Freuden eines Schulmeisters (1838-1839), Uli der Knecht (1841), with its continuation, Uli der Pächter (1849), Anne-Bäbi Jowäger (1843-1844), Käthi, die Großmutter (1846), Die Käserei in der Vehfreude (1850), and the Erlebnisse eines Schuldenbauers (1853). He also published several volumes of shorter tales.

One slight drawback to some of his writings is the echo of local political controversies, for Bitzius was a Whig and strongly opposed to the Radical party in the canton, which carried the day in 1846.

He died on October 22, 1854 in Lützelflüh in Canton of Bern.

Lives by C. Manuel, in the Berlin edition of Bitzius's works (Berlin, 1861), and by J. Ammann in vol. i. (Bern, 1884) of time Sammlung Bernischer Biographien. His works were issued in 24 vols. at Berlin, 1856-1861, while 10 vols., giving the original text of each story, were issued at Bern, 1898-1900.

References

The article is available here .

Other websites

  Biography 

1797 births
1854 deaths

Swiss writers
The Seven Promises of Eragon Shadeslayer and Saphira Bjartskular, better known as Brisingr, is the third book of the Inheritance Cycle by Christopher Paolini. It comes after the books Eragon and Eldest. It was released on September 20, 2008. The title means "fire" in the fictional Ancient Language of Alagaesia.

The book sold 550,000 copies on its first day of sale, the most ever for a Random House Children's Book.

References

Other websites
 The Official Australian Brisingr website 
 Excerpt  from the third installment at Alagaesia.com
 Inheriwiki, an Inheritance Cycle wiki
 Brisingr Review 

Inheritance Cycle
2008 books
American novels
English-language novels
Fantasy books
The University of Edinburgh is a university in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Related pages
 Old College, University of Edinburgh

Universities in the United Kingdom
Edinburgh
1583 establishments
1580s establishments in Europe
Establishments in Scotland
The Inheritance Cycle is a series of fantasy books written by Christopher Paolini.

Books 
Eragon
Eldest
Brisingr
Inheritance

Characters 
 Eragon: A farm boy who finds a dragon egg and becomes a Dragon Rider.
 Saphira: Eragon's' sapphire' dragon.