cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Nelson Mandela died on 5 December 2013 at the age of 95, at his home in Houghton, Johannesburg, South Africa surrounded by his family after a prolonged lung infection. His death was announced by President Jacob Zuma. Reactions from governments, international organizations, and notable individuals, have gained worldwide media coverage.

Reactions
His death brought many reactions such as from, Barack Obama, David Cameron, Pope Francis, Queen Elizabeth, Joe Biden, Harry Reid, Rihanna, Bashar al-Assad, José Mujica, Raul Castro, Nicolás Maduro, Prince William, and F. W. de Klerk.

Official funeral events

The South African government announced a period of 10 days of national mourning ending with the state funeral on 15 December 2013. All flags on government buildings will be flown at half-mast for the duration of this period.

On 9 December, it was confirmed that at least 80 foreign heads of state and government would travel to South Africa to attend events.

Other notable guests include the President of the United States and three former presidents of the United States; the President of India; the Prime Minister of Italy; the Vice President of China; the President of Brazil; the President of France; the President of Ireland; the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; the President of Germany; the Prime Minister of Australia; two former Governors General of Canada, the Prime Minister of Canada, and three former Prime Ministers of Canada; the Prime Minister of Jordan; and the President of Afghanistan. Royal dignitaries attending include, the King of the Netherlands, the King of Belgium, the Prince of Wales, the Prince of Asturias, the Crown Prince of Denmark, the Crown Princess of Sweden, the Crown Prince of Norway, the Crown Prince of Japan, and the Queen Rania of Jordan.

Queen Elizabeth II will honor Mandela with a thanksgiving service at Westminster Abbey in early 2014.

Day of prayer
The South African government declared Sunday, 8 December 2013 to be observed as a national day of prayer and reflection.

Showing the body at the seat of the Government (or lying in state)

Mandela's body layed in state at the Union Buildings in Pretoria from 11 to 13 December 2013.

State funeral, Qunu
The state funeral was held on 15 December 2013 in Qunu in the Eastern Cape. He was later buried there on the same day.

References

Other websites

2013
2010s in South Africa
Mandela
Nelson Mandela
December events
WWF SmackDown! 2: Know Your Role is a professional wrestling video game developed by Yuke's and published by THQ. The game was known as Exciting Pro Wrestling 2 in Japan. The Japanese version was published by Yuke's.

It was released on November 21, 2000 in North America, December 1, 2000 in Europe and on January 25, 2001 in Japan. The game was the second game in the WWF SmackDown! video game series. It was the sequel to WWF SmackDown! and was followed by WWF SmackDown! Just Bring It.

Reception
IGN rated the game a 8.9 out of 10 and said "Smackdown 2, if it's the last wrestling game on the PlayStation (which is likely), is a fine high note to go out on - no WWF fan is liable to be disappointed by what they get when they pick it up, as they undoubtedly will.”

GameSpot gave the game a 8.9 out of 10 and stated "While it isn't that much different from the last SmackDown!, SmackDown! 2 makes enough incremental changes and upgrades to be significant in its own right."

References

2000 video games
PlayStation games
SmackDown! 2: Know Your Role
The Sound of Music Live! was a live television production of the musical The Sound of Music. It was telecast on NBC Thursday evening December 5, 2013 between 8 and 11 p.m. ET.

Characters
The production starred Carrie Underwood as Maria von Trapp. Others in the cast included Stephen Moyer as Georg von Trapp, Audra McDonald as Mother Abbess, Laura Benanti as Elsa Schrader, and Christian Borle as Max Detweiler.

Background
The production was based on the original 1959 Broadway musical by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, rather than the 1965 movie adaptation starring Julie Andrews.

Reviews
Critics said that Underwood sang well, but she received poor reviews for her acting. The New York Times wrote that Underwood's "bloodless performance put a damper on the night" and described her as "sleepwalking". The greatest praise was given to Laura Benanti as Elsa Schrader who was said to have "had all the sparkle and mischief that Ms. Underwood, as Maria, lacked." The Times closed their review with, "It was a live performance of a legendary musical that felt muted and a little sad."

References
 

Musicals
English-language television programs
2013 in the United States
Benjamin Daniel Breedlove (August 8, 1993 – December 25, 2011) was an American Internet personality. He was from Austin, Texas. He was known for his blogs on YouTube. 

At an early age, Breedlove had been diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). It is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes thick. Often, only one part of the heart is thicker than the other parts. The thickening can make it harder for blood to leave the heart, forcing the heart to work harder to pump blood. It also can make it harder for the heart to relax and fill with blood. 

On the night of December 25, 2011, he died of cardiac arrest at the age of 18.

References

Other websites
 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association
 Ben Breedlove Memorial Service Video 
 

1993 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from cardiomyopathy
Internet celebrities
People from Austin, Texas
Machete Kills is a 2013 action movie. The movie is the sequel to Machete. It is about a man named Machete who fights for the rights of immigrants. Danny Trejo plays Machete Cortez. Amber Heard plays Blanca Vasquez and Miss San Antonio. Michelle Rodriguez plays Luz/She. The movie received negative reviews. It did not make much money.

2013 crime movies
2010s action movies
American action movies
American crime movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Lionsgate movies
Movies about the illegal drug trade
Jack Westelman or Danny Wells (April 7, 1941 – November 28, 2013) was a Canadian-American actor and composer. He was known for his role as Charlie the bartender on The Jeffersons. He also portrayed Luigi in The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!.

Wells died on November 28, 2013 in Toronto, Ontario, aged 72.

References

Other websites

1941 births
2013 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Canadian composers
Actors from Montreal
The Jeffersons is an American sitcom starring Sherman Hemsley and Isabel Sanford. It is about an African-American couple who live in New York City. The series was first broadcast on T.A.T. Communications Company, from January 18, 1975 to July 2, 1985. It is one of the longest-running television series in television history.

1970s American television series
1975 American television series debuts
1985 television series endings
1980s American black sitcoms
CBS network shows
English-language television programs
Television series set in New York City
Fred Bassetti FAIA, (January 31, 1917 – December 5, 2013) was an American architect, teacher, and a prime contributor to the regional approach to Modern architecture during the 1940s-1990’s.  His architectural legacy includes some of the Seattle area's more recognizable buildings and spaces.  The American Institute of Architects (AIA) described his role as a regional architect and activist as having made significant contributions to  “the shape of Seattle and the Northwest, and on the profession of architecture.”

References

Other websites
 AIA Seattle honors awards 1988 
 AIA Seattle honors awards 1950 to present 
 AIA Seattle memories - Bassetti, 10/18/1993 
 Architecture Week
 Bassetti Architects corporate webpage
 Bizjournals.com 11/01/1999 column

1917 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American architects
Businesspeople from Seattle, Washington
Colin Henry Wilson (26 June 1931 – 5 December 2013) was an English novelist and writer. Wilson also wrote widely on true crime and criminology, mysticism, the paranormal, and other topics. In all, there are over 120 books, including some fiction. He preferred to call his philosophy new existentialism or phenomenological existentialism.

Wilson was interested in metaphysics and the occult. In 1971, he wrote a nonfiction book named The Occult: A History. In it, he talked about the beliefs of Aleister Crowley, George Gurdieff, Helena Blavatsky, Kabbalah, primitive magic, Franz Mesmer, Grigori Rasputin, and Paracelsus. He also wrote a biography of Crowley, Aleister Crowley: The Nature of the Beast. He also wrote biographies on other visionaries in spirituality and psychology. Some were about George Gurdjieff, Carl Jung, and Wilhelm Reich.

Wilson suffered a stroke in June 2012 and lost his ability to speak. He died in December 2013, aged 82.

The Outsider 
This was the book which made his name. It was really a work of literary criticism, but was also about social philosophy. It was based mainly on the work of Dostoyevsky, Camus and Satre, all of whom featured characters who were lost, outsiders, alienated from society.

Gollancz published the 24-year-old Wilson's The Outsider in 1956. The book became a best-seller and helped popularise existentialism in Britain. It has never been out-of-print since publication day and has been translated into over thirty languages (including Russian and Chinese).

Crime 
Wilson's writing on crime is quite extensive and commercially successful. He wrote several books about serial killers and murderers.
 The mammoth book of true crime. New edition 1988. London: Robinson.
 The serial killers: a study in the psychology of violence. London: W.H. Allen. (with Donald Seaman)
 A plague of murder: the rise and rise of serial killing in the modern age. London: Robinson.

References

Other websites 

 Colin Wilson Papers (2 document boxes) housed at the Eaton Collection of Science Fiction and Fantasy of the University of California, Riverside Libraries.
  The Colin Wilson Collection at the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom - This is Wilson's bibliographer Colin Stanley's collection of books, articles, manuscripts, letters, photographs and assorted ephemera now at the University of Nottingham. Regularly updated by Stanley.

1931 births
2013 deaths
British esotericists
English science fiction writers
Cardiovascular disease deaths in England
Deaths from stroke
English philosophers
Mystics
People from Leicester
Writers from Leicestershire
Literary critics
Robert "Rob" Cohen (born March 12, 1949) is an American movie director, producer, and screenwriter. He is known for directing the entire Fast and Furious movie series. He also directed A Small Circle of Friends, Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story, Dragonheart, Daylight, and xXx.

Other websites

 Rare 1989–1990 Footage of Rob Cohen Directing Dick Wolf's "Nasty Boys" 

1949 births
Living people
American screenwriters
Movie directors from New York
Movie producers from New York
Jasper Newton "Jack" Daniel (September 5, 1850 – October 10, 1911) was an American distiller and the founder of Jack Daniel's Tennessee whiskey.

Daniel died from an infectious case of blood poisoning at Lynchburg in 1911. The infection allegedly set up originally in a toe, which Daniel injured in kicking his safe in anger when he could not get it open early one morning at work. He always had trouble remembering the combination.

References

1850 births
1911 deaths
Deaths from infectious disease
People from Lynchburg, Tennessee
Businesspeople from Tennessee
WWF SmackDown! is a professional wrestling video game developed by Yuke's and published by THQ. The game was known as Exciting Pro Wrestling in Japan. The Japanese version was published by Yuke's Future Media Creators.

It was released on March 2, 2000, in North America, April 2000 in Europe and on August 8, 2000, in Japan. The game was the first game in the WWF SmackDown! video game series. It was the first WWF game on the PlayStation to be published by THQ who took over from the previous publisher Acclaim Entertainment. It is was followed by WWF SmackDown! 2: Know Your Role.

Reception
IGN rated the game a 8.8 out of 10 and said "It gives some to the N64 Wrestlemania game's tighter controls and crisper animation, but Smackdown is no slouch in either department, and it even bests Wrestlemania in graphics and features.”

GameSpot gave the game a 8.7 out of 10 and stated "The little things that debut in SmackDown, such as a never-ending season mode and inklings of a plot, really make the game feel fresh and new."

References

2000 video games
PlayStation games
SmackDown!
The Voortrekker Monument is a monument in Pretoria in South Africa. It is a massive granite structure on a hilltop. It was built to commemorate the Voortrekkers who left the Cape Colony between 1835 and 1854. 

Most of the Voortrekkers were not satisfied with the British government that ruled over them in the Cape in those years, that is why they packed their ox wagons and started to trek to greener valleys to the north of current South Africa.

The Voortrekker Monument is an important structure to the white Afrikaner bloodline (children), because it shows many pictures, reliefs and statutes inside the building of what happened in the history of those years.

Monuments and memorials
Buildings and structures in South Africa
Pretoria
The University of Pretoria is a large public research university in Pretoria, the capital of South Africa. It started in 1908.

The University was built on seven suburban campuses (in parts of Pretoria). It is organised into nine faculties and a business school.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1908 establishments
1900s establishments in Africa
20th-century establishments in South Africa
Pretoria
Pretoria
Claire Boucher (born March 17, 1988), better known as Grimes, is a Canadian musician and artist. She was born in Vancouver in British Columbia.

Early life
Boucher grew up in Vancouver. When she was 18 she moved to Montreal to study neuroscience and Russian at McGill University.

Career
She wrote on her Tumblr account that she started Grimes in 2009 when she first heard Mariah Carey.

She released her first album, Geidi Primes in 2010 on cassette. In 2011 she released an EP with d'Eon called Darkbloom.

In January 2012 she was signed to the record label 4AD. Pitchfork gave the album of a score of 7.5 out of 10. On January 9, 2012 she released the single "Genesis". Brooke Candy was in the music video. 

Grimes released her third album Visions on January 31, 2012 in the United States. It got mostly good reviews from music critics. Pitchfork gave the album a score of 8.5 out of 10. Allmusic called it the best album of 2012. NME chose it as the second best album of 2012. In 2013 it was given the Juno Award for Electronic Album of the year.

In December 2013 Grimes signed to Jay-Z's management company Roc Nation.

Personal life
She is a feminist. In 2018, she became partners with Elon Musk. They have one son, X Æ A-Xii. In October 2021, Grimes and Musk separated.

References

Other websites
Official website
Tumblr

1988 births
Canadian musicians
Feminists
Living people
Musicians from British Columbia
Jamelia Niela Davis (born 11 January 1981), best known as Jamelia, is a British singer-songwriter. She has released three albums.

Early life
Jamelia was born to Jamaican parents in Birmingham. She was raised there on a council estate by her single mother.

Career
When she was 15 she signed with Capitol Records. In 1999 she released her first single, "So High". It didn't sell many copies, so Jamelia left Capitol Records and signed to Parlophone. They released her first album Drama in 2000.

She released her second album Thank You on 29 September 2003. Seven singles were released from the album. The second single "Superstar" reached number three in the UK Singles Chart. It reached number one in Australia and the Netherlands. The third single "Thank You" reached number two in the UK. It was nominated for Best British Single at the 2005 BRIT Awards. The fourth single "See It in a Boy's Eyes" was written by Jamelia with Chris Martin. It reached number five in the UK Singles Chart. The album is Jamelia's best-selling in the UK.

Jamelia's third album Walk with Me was released in 2006.

In November 2013, she became a presenter on Loose Women.

Discography
 Drama (2000)
 Thank You (2003)
 Walk with Me (2006)

Personal life
Jamelia had her first daughter Teja in 2001. In 2005 she had her second daughter Tiani.

References

Other websites
Official website

1981 births
Black British musicians
English R&B singers
British rap musicians
British soul musicians
Living people
Musicians from Birmingham
Édouard Molinaro (13 May 1928 – 7 December 2013) was a French movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Bordeaux, Gironde. He was nominated for an Academy Award. Molinaro was known for his movie La Cage aux Folles.

Molinaro died on 7 December 2013 in Paris. His cause of death was of a long-illness. He was 85 years old.

References

Other websites
 

1928 births
2013 deaths
French movie directors
French screenwriters
French movie actors
People from Bordeaux
Elmer James Lach (January 22, 1918 – April 4, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey center. He played 14 seasons for the Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League. 

Lach retired in 1954 as the league's all-time leading scorer, having played 664 regular season games, scoring 215 goals and 408 assists for 623 points, as well as 76 postseason games, where he scored 19 goals and 45 assists for 64 points. He was soon elected in the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1966.

Lach was born on January 22, 1918 in Nokomis, Saskatchewan. He was raised in Regina, Saskatchewan. Lach died of a stroke in Pointe-Claire, Quebec, aged 97.

References

Other websites

 
 

1918 births
2015 deaths
Art Ross Trophy winners
Canadian ice hockey centres
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Quebec
Deaths from stroke
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Montreal Canadiens players
People from Regina, Saskatchewan
Seán Dermot Fintan O'Leary, Jr. known as Dermot O'Leary (born 24 May 1973) is an Irish television and radio presenter.

Early life
O'Leary was born in Colchester, Essex to Irish parents. He has dual citizenship British and Irish.

Career
He started presenting Big Brother's Little Brother in 2001. He presented the show until 2008 when Big Brother ended. He has presented The X Factor since 2007.

In 2014 O'Leary will present This Morning for one week.

Personal life
O'Leary married Dee Koppang on 14 September 2012.

References

1973 births
Living people
BBC radio presenters
Channel 4 presenters
English television presenters
Irish television personalities
ITV presenters
Television personalities from Essex
Emily Jane White is a singer and songwriter from California.

Career
She released her first album, Dark Undercoat, in 2007. In 2009 she released her second album, Victorian America. White's third album Ode to Sentience was released in France in 2010. It was not released in the United States until 2012. In December 2013 White released her fourth album, Blood/Lines.

References

Singer-songwriters from California
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
The Ordinary Boys are an English indie rock band. Their name is from the Morrissey song "The Ordinary Boys". At first they were called Next in Line.

Career

2002–2004
They started in 2002. The members were Samuel Preston, William Brown, James Gregory, and Simon Goldring. They released their first album Over the Counter Culture in 2004. The third single from the album. "Talk, Talk, Talk", reached number seventeen in the UK Singles Chart.

2005–2006
In 2005 they released their second album Brassbound. "Boys Will Be Boys" was the first single from the album. It reached number sixteen in the UK Singles Chart.

In January 2006 the band's singer Samuel Preston was on the British reality TV show Celebrity Big Brother. This made the band more popular. Their single "Boys Will Be Boys" was released again. It reached number three in the UK Singles Chart. Goldfrapp did a cover version of the song for BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge. 

They released their third album How to Get Everything You Ever Wanted in Ten Easy Steps in October 2006. It had a more pop sound than the band's first two albums. The first single from the album "Lonely at the Top" reached number ten in the UK Singles Chart.

2007–now
"Boys Will Be Boys" was on the soundtrack of the 2007 movie Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. In 2007 it was also played in Smoke and Mirrors, the fifth episode of season two of The IT Crowd.

In 2008 they broke up. In 2011 they started again.

References

Indie rock bands
English rock bands
2000s British music groups

Musical groups established in 2002
Musical groups disestablished in 2008
Alice Ann Munro (born 10 July 1931) is a Canadian writer of short stories. Munro received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013. In her stories Munro has changed the way people write short stories. Her stories usually start in a place where people do not expect. After that, the stories go back and forward in time.

Her first collection of short stories, Dance of the Happy Shades, was published by Ryerson Press in 1968. It won the 1968 Governor General's Award for Fiction.

Munro's most recent collection of short stories, Dear Life, was published in 2012 by McClelland and Stewart.

References

1931 births
Canadian writers
Living people
Writers from Ontario
O. Henry Award winners
Tahliah Debrett Barnett (born 17 January 1988), known as FKA twigs, is an English R&B singer. She used to be called twigs. Her music has been called post-dubstep and trip-hop.

She was on the cover of i-D magazine in August 2012.

twigs released her first EP EP on December 4, 2012.

On August 1 2013 twigs posted the video for her single "Water Me" on YouTube. It now has over one million views.

twigs released her second extended play EP2 on September 17, 2013. It was her first release on the record label The Young Turks. Pitchfork gave it a score of 8 out of 10.

In 2013 BBC put her on their Sound of 2014 list of nominees. In January 2014 BBC chose the winner.

twigs' first album LP1 was released in August 2014.

References

Other websites
Twitter
YouTube

Living people
1988 births
English singer-songwriters
Record producers
English dancers
English movie actors
English television actors
Actors from Gloucestershire
Writers from Gloucestershire
English R&B singers
English pop singers
Of Thee I Sing: A Letter to My Daughters is a children's book by United States President Barack Obama. It came out on November 16, 2010. It is about the lives of thirteen Americans: George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Neil Armstrong, Sitting Bull, Cesar Chavez, Billie Holiday, Maya Lin, Albert Einstein (who was born in Germany), Georgia O'Keeffe, Jackie Robinson, Helen Keller, and Jane Addams. Obama finished writing the book in 2008, after he was elected but before he took office.

References

2010 books
Children's books
Barack Obama
American literature
Evolution is a professional wrestling stable that competes in the WWE. The stable was created on January 20, 2003 and broke up on October 3, 2005.

The members of the stable were Triple H, Randy Orton, Batista and Ric Flair. Triple H acted as the leader and Flair acted as a mentor. The members of the stable each portrayed evolutions of professional wrestling with Ric Flair being "the past", Triple H being "the present"  and Randy Orton and Batista being "the future". They all portrayed heels.

On April 14, 2014, Evolution, not including Ric Flair, reunited. They came down to the ring to their theme "Line in the Sand" by Motörhead and attacked The Shield.

On the June 2 episode of Raw, Batista quit the WWE after he had his title match request denied by Triple H. Later in the night, Triple H said that he had a "Plan B" in his quest to destroy the Shield, which prompted Rollins to turn on and attack his group members Reigns and Ambrose.

In wrestling 
 Entrance themes
"Evolve" by Jim Johnston (February 10, 2003–June 16, 2003)
"Line in the Sand" by Motörhead (July 14, 2003–November 14, 2004; April 14, 2014–present)
 Championships
World Heavyweight Championship (five times) (Triple H (four) and Orton (one))
World Tag Team Championship (two times) (Flair and Batista (two))
WWE Intercontinental Championship (2 times) (Orton (one) and Flair (one))
Royal Rumble (2005) (Batista)

References

Other websites 
Triple H's WWE profile
Ric Flair's WWE profile
Randy Orton's WWE profile
Batista's WWE profile

WWE teams and stables
Dio Chrysostom (;  Dion Chrysostomos), Dion of Prusa or Dio Cocceianus (c. 40 – c. 115 AD) was a Greek speaker, writer, philosopher and historian of the Roman Empire. He lived in the 1st century, from about the year 40 to around the year 115.  He is also known as  Dion of Prusa or Dio Cocceianus. Eighty of his Discourses (or Orations) are known. A few Letters and a funny mock essay In Praise of Hair, as well as a few other fragments also survive. His surname Chrysostom comes from the Greek chrysostomos, which literally means "golden-mouthed". He should not be confused with the Roman historian Cassius Dio, nor with the 4th-century bishop John Chrysostom of Constantinople.

40 births
110s deaths
Ancient Greek philosophers
Ancient Greek historians
In mathematics, Cauchy's integral formula is a central statement in complex analysis. The statement is named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy. It expresses the fact that a holomorphic function defined on a disk is completely determined by its values on the boundary of the disk. The statement also provides integral formulas for all derivatives of a holomorphic function. Cauchy's formula shows that, in complex analysis, "differentiation is equivalent to integration": complex differentiation, like integration, behaves well under uniform limits – a result denied in real analysis.

Functions and mappings
Eliza Sophie Caird (born 17 April 1988), best known as Eliza Doolittle, is a British singer and songwriter. Her first album Eliza Doolittle was released on 12 July 2010.

Early life
Eliza Doolittle was born in London in 1988. Her father is John Caird. Her mother is Frances Ruffelle. Doolittle grew up in Camden. She went to Channing School.

Career
On 29 November 2009 Doolittle released her first EP Eliza Doolittle on iTunes. On 11 April 2010 she released her first single "Skinny Genes". On 5 July 2010 her second single "Pack Up" was released. It entered the UK Singles Chart at number twelve. It reached number five  on 11 July 2010. The two singles were from her album Eliza Doolittle, which was released on 12 July 2010. 

In 2011 Doolittle was signed to Select Models.

On 28 April 2013 "You & Me", a song by Disclosure with Doolittle singing on it, was released. It reached number ten in the UK Singles Chart.

On 7 June 2013 Doolittle released the first single from her second album, "Big When I Was Little". 

Doolittle released her second album In Your Hands on 14 October 2013.

References

1988 births
Living people
Singers from London
Robert G. "Bob" Heft (January 19, 1942  – December 12, 2009) was the designer of the current United States 50-star flag. He has also designed a 51-star flag that would be used if a new state joins the United States. He was born in Saginaw, Michigan.

Heft designed the current United States flag as a school project in Lancaster, Ohio, when he was 17 years old. He received a B- for his project from his teacher, Stanley Pratt. After talking about the project, he reached an agreement with his teacher that, if the flag was selected as the official flag by the United States Congress, he would get a better grade for the project. Heft's design was chosen out of more than 1,500 designs that were given to United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and his teacher changed his grade to an A.

After graduating from college, he became a high school teacher and later a college professor. He was also mayor of Napoleon, Ohio, for 28 years.

After years of combating diabetes, Heft died on December 12, 2009, from a heart attack while living in Saginaw.  He was 67 years old.

References

Other websites
Designer of America's current flag, by Jim Sielicki (UPI), The Exchange, July–August 1988.
Who Created the First US Flag of 50 Stars? 
Story Corps oral history of the creation of the 50 star flag in the words of Robert G. Heft.

Politicians from Ohio
American mayors

Deaths from myocardial infarction
1941 births
2009 deaths
People from Saginaw, Michigan
Politicians from Michigan
The Division of Macarthur is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is named after John Macarthur and his wife Elizabeth, who were both pioneers of Australia's wool industry. 

It covers the outer south-west of Sydney. It includes the suburbs of Airds, Ambarvale, Appin, Badgerys Creek, Bickley Vale, Bradbury, Camden, Camden South, Campbelltown, Cawdor, Cobbitty, Ellis Lane, Gilead, Glen Alpine, Grasmere, Greendale, Harrington Park, Kentlyn, Mount Annan, Narellan, Oran Park, Rosemeadow, Rossmore, St Helens Park, Wedderburn and Woodbine and parts of Bringelly, Catherine Field, Douglas Park, Leumeah, Razorback and Rossmore.

Over the years the size of the electorate has become much smaller. This is because of the increasing number of people living in the Campbelltown region. The towns of Bowral and Moss Vale and a large part of the Southern Highlands were removed from the division before the 2001 election.

Members

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
Division of Macarthur- Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
new South Wales
1949 establishments in Australia
Dead Rising is a survival horror video game developed by Capcom Production Studio 1 and published by Capcom.

It was released on August 8, 2006 in North America, September 8, 2006 in Europe, September 14, 2006 in Australia, and on September 28, 2006 in Japan.The game was the first in the Dead Rising video game series and was followed by Dead Rising 2 in 2010.

In the game the player controls a photojournalist named Frank West who is trapped in a shopping mall during a zombie outbreak. The story centers around West trying to uncover the truth behind the outbreak while trying to stay alive.

Reception
IGN rated the game a 8.3 out of 10 and said it was "one of the more unique and entertaining titles on the Xbox 360.” but noted that the game could have had "a better save system, more intelligent NPCs, a more forgiving story progression, and tighter controls"

GameSpot gave the game a 8.4 out of 10 and stated "Dead Rising's gory, ridiculous, and entertaining action, coupled with its real-time structure and campy stylistic touches, make it one of the most unique games currently available for the Xbox 360."

The game won "Most Innovative Design for Xbox 360" by IGN in 2006, "Best Action Adventure Game", "Best Sound Effects", and "Best Use of Xbox 360 Achievement Points" in GameSpot's Best and Worst of 2006, and won "Action Game of the Year" at the 2006 Spike TV Video Game Awards.

References

2006 video games
Capcom games
Horror video games
Xbox 360-only games
Christine Ijeoma Ohuruogu, MBE (born 17 May 1984) is a British athlete. Her coach is Lloyd Cowan. She was born to Igbo Nigerian parents in Newham, London.

In 2009, she was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire. 

Ohuruogu won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics and a silver medal in the 400m in the 2012 Summer Olympics. 

In December 2013, she was given the Sunday Times and Sky Sports Sportswoman of the Year award. She was also nominated for BBC Sports Personality of the Year.

Ohuruogu has written children's books.

References

1984 births
Black British sportspeople
British children's writers
British female athletes
British Olympic gold medalists 
British Olympic silver medalists
Doping cases in sport
Living people
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from the London Borough of Newham
Sportspeople from London
Sprinters
Dead Rising 2 is a survival horror video game developed by Blue Castle Games and published by Capcom.

It was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on August 8, 2006 in North America, September 8, 2006 in Europe, September 14, 2006 in Australia, and on September 28, 2006 in Japan. It was also released on Microsoft Windows on September 28, 2010 in North America, September 30, 2010 in Australia, October 1, 2010 in Europe, and on October 28, 2010 in Japan.

The game was the second in the Dead Rising video game series and is the sequel to Dead Rising which was released in 2006.

Reception
IGN rated the game a 8 out of 10 and said it was "It’s not the smoothest game and it can feel like the last one, however that doesn’t mean a thing when the game’s this much fun."

GameSpot gave the game a 8.5 out of 10 and stated "The Dead Rising formula proves to be as addictive as ever, and a new cooperative mode and weapon crafting system are great additions to the franchise."

References

2010 video games
Capcom games
Horror video games
PlayStation 3 games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Video game sequels
Abraham Maslow (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist. He is considered by other psychologists to be one of the most important psychologists of the 20th century. He was ranked 10th among psychologists nominated for being well-known or influential. He is known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Maslow died of a heart attack.

References

1908 births
1970 deaths
American atheists
American psychologists
Cardiovascular disease deaths in California
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Jewish American writers
Writers from Brooklyn
Sándor Szokolay  (30 March 1931 – 8 December 2013) was an Hungarian composer and a professor of the Liszt Ferenc Academy, Budapest.

Szokolay was born on 30 March 1931 in Kunágota, Hungary. He was chairman of the Hungarian Kodály Society (1978) and the Hungarian Music Camera (1991–92), and he is member of the Hungarian Széchenyi Art Academy (1992). Szokolay died on 8 December 2013 in Sopron from pneumonia, Hungary, aged 82.

References

Other websites

 Szokolay Sándor: Sopron years (accessed at the Wayback Machine)
 Evangelic Church life
 Fidelio 
 Sopron walker’s book
 Pearlhymn Vivat Academia 2005.

1931 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Hungarian composers
Hungarian educators
Kingdom Hearts III is a action role-playing video game developed and published by Square Enix. It is the eighth game for the Kingdom Hearts video game series. It was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. Kingdom Hearts III is the first game in the series to be released on a Microsoft platform as it was only released on both Sony and Nintendo systems.

Development
After years of rumors and speculation, the game was confirmed to be in development at E3 2013. Director Tetsuya Nomura said that the game will finish the "Xehanort Saga" but that it would not be the final game in the series.

In a June 2013 interview with Famitsu, Nomura discussed the visuals that were seen in the teaser trailer. He said that they tried to remember that the "Kingdom Hearts characters were originally paintbrush art from Disney productions, a texture that was one of our original aims, and that it was time to return to that. So [chief creative director Takeshi] Nozue went through a series of tests, and the results are the visuals that we refer to in the team as the Kingdom Shader. It may look like a pretty drastic change, but I see it as a rich evolution of everything we've shown you up to now." In September 2013, producer Shinji Hashimoto said that since both Kingdom Hearts III and Final Fantasy XV are being directed by Nomura, there would be a big gap between the release of the two games, "as [they] want each game to be perfect in terms of quality." Hashimoto repeated Nomura's statements about the game's announcement at E3 2013, and said that "the company thought it was about time it addressed speculation about the long-awaited conclusion to the trilogy." In October 2013, Teruzane Utada, the father of singer Hikaru Utada, said that Hikaru would once again be involved in the theme song, as she did with Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II. He later stated that it is still undecided on their involvement. In January 2014, actor Haley Joel Osment, the English voice of Sora in the series, said that he was in talks with the development team after the announcement and said that since dialogue was one of the last parts of the process, he believed he would not begin recording until mid-2014 at the earliest.

Controversy 
After the announcement of SQUARE ENIX that there would be no French Spanish and German voice (present in the 1 and 2) European fans launched the movement # EUDubbingForKH3 which aims to change his opinion SE and he includes (real) German and Spanish French voice through petition, letter etc.

References

Other websites
Official website 
Official Europe & North American website

2019 video games
Disney video games
Kingdom Hearts series
PlayStation 4 games
Xbox One games
Watchmen were groups of men who discouraged crime and enforced the law. They were usually authorised by the state or government. Watchmen have existed in many places around the world throughout history. Today, the job of law enforcement has generally been taken over by organised police.

An early reference to a watch can be found in the Bible. Ezekiel says that it was the watchmen's duty to sound the alarm to warn the people that they were under attack (Ezekiel 33:1-6). The Roman Empire turned the role of a watchman into a profession. The Vigiles was the city watch in Rome. It was the city's police force.

In England, the Ordinance of 1233 required the appointment of watchmen. The Assize of Arms of 1252 and the Statute of Winchester of 1285 are considered among the earliest examples of a police in England. The Assize of Arms required that constables be appointed to call men to fight when the town was under attack. It also required them to stop disturbances of the peace, and to take criminals to the sheriff. By 1415, a watch was appointed to the Parliament of England. King Henry VII appointed a watch for his house, the Tower of London, in 1485. These watchmen became known as the Beefeaters.

References

More reading
David Barrie, Police in the Age of Improvement: Police Development and the Civic Tradition in Scotland, 1775-1865, Willan Publishing, 2008, . Chapter "watching and wardning", pp. 34–41

Law enforcement occupations
SpaceShipOne  is a vehicle built to travel to the lower limits of outer space. It completed the first manned private spaceflight in 2004. That same year, it won the US$10 million Ansari X Prize and has not flown since winning. It was carried high into the air by a specially designed plane named "White Knight". Both vehicles were built and flown by Mojave Aerospace Ventures. This was a joint project between Paul Allen and Scaled Composites, Burt Rutan's flying machine company. Allen provided the money to build and fly SpaceShipOne, about US$25 million.

Rutan has said that ideas about the project began as early as 1994. The full-time work towards the 2004 accomplishments took about three years. The vehicle first flew faster than the speed of sound on December 17, 2003. This date was also the one-hundredth anniversary of the Wright Brothers' historic first powered flight. SpaceShipOne's first official spaceflight, was piloted by Mike Melvill. A few days before that flight, the Mojave Air and Space Port was the first commercial spaceport licensed in the United States. A few hours after that flight, Melvill became the first licensed U.S. commercial astronaut. The overall project name was "Tier One". It has evolved into Tier 1b with a goal of taking a new, but similar ship's first paying passengers into space within the next few years.

Individual aircraft
Spacecraft
Watch Dogs (written as Watch_Dogs) is an action-adventure video game that was developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. The game was released on 27 May 2014. The game is available on Microsoft Windows, the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One and Wii U.

It was revealed during Ubisoft's press conference at E3 2012. They announced that PC is the lead platform for the game.

It was chosen as Best PC Game, Biggest Surprise and Best New Franchise of E3 2012 by IGN. It also won People's Choice Most Exciting Game of E3 2013 by GameSpot.

The game tells the story of Aiden Pearce, a hacker who searches the city of Chicago for information in order to find out who hired the men who killed his six-year-old niece, Lena, when they tried and failed to kill Aiden.

References

Other websites
Official website

2014 video games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
Wii U games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Xbox One games
Ubisoft games
The Division of Mackellar is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is named after Dorothea Mackellar, a 20th-century Australian poet. The division was set up in 1949.

It covers the northern beach suburbs of Sydney, including Narrabeen, Beacon Hill, Newport, Palm Beach and Terrey Hills.

Members

William Wentworth IV, was the first Minister for Aboriginal Affairs, and the great-grandson of politician and explorer William Wentworth, one of the first Europeans to cross the Blue Mountains. Bronwyn Bishop was the Speaker of the Australian House of Representativesfrom 2013 to 2015.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Mackellar - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1949 establishments in Australia
The Division of McMahon is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It was set up in 2010 and is named for Australian Prime Minister Sir William McMahon. It replaced the division of Prospect.

The division covers the western suburbs of Sydney. It includes the suburbs of Abbotsbury, Blacktown (part), Bossley Park, Canley Vale, Cecil Park, Eastern Creek, Edensor Park, Erskine Park, Fairfield, Fairfield Heights, Fairfield West, Greenfield Park, Greystanes, Horsley Park, Kemps Creek, Merrylands (part), Merrylands West, Mount Vernon, Orchard Hills, Pemulwuy, Prairiewood, Prospect, Smithfield, South Wentworthville (part), St Clair and Wetherill Park.

Members

Election results
 2010 election results
 2010 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of McMahon - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
2009 establishments in Australia
The Airbus A350 XWB (XWB standing for Extra Wide Body) is a type of airplane built by European aerospace company Airbus. It is a long-ranged aircraft with two engines and a wide body. It is said that the plane is able to hold and transport 250-350 passengers in a first class, business class, and economy class or a normal 3-class setting. On January 15, 2015, the A350-900 entered service with Qatar Airways, and the A350-1000 in February 24, 2018 with the same airline.

Variants
Variants include:
A350-900 (A359)
A350-900ULR

A350-1000

The A350-1000 is a wide body twin engined aircraft made by Airbus. It can hold more than 400 passengers when arranged in an all economy class configuration. It is currently operated by Qatar airways and Cathay Pacific. Soon other airlines will use this aircraft such as British Airways and Virgin Atlantic. Its first flight was on the 24 November 2016.

Gallery

References

Airbus aircraft
Alfriston (pronounced All-friston) is a village and civil parish in the Sussex district of Wealden, England. The village is in the valley of the River Cuckmere, about four miles (6 km) north-east of Seaford and south of the main A27 trunk road and part of the large area of Polegate. Alfriston has a population of 764.

Villages in England
Civil parishes in East Sussex
A personal defense weapon (PDW) is usually defined as a light, compact and easy to use firearm. However the definition varies depending on context and who you ask. Many will still say it is a Short-barreled rifle (SBR). These are regulated in the United States by the ATF. Many SBRs are available as selective fire (can switch between semi-automatic or fully automatic fire). The United States Department of Homeland Security defines a personal defense weapon as an M4 carbine (or a Colt AR-15 civilian semi-automatic rifle). Some governments' definition of PDWs includes handguns. An example is the Czech Republic which has proposed a constitutional amendment that would allow its citizens to own and keep PDWs as a way to discourage terrorists. Regardless, a PDW is usually agreed upon as being somewhere between a submachine gun and an assault rifle.

History 
In the 1980s, the term was used for troops in tight, confined environments. They needed a compact automatic weapon that could defeat body armor. It was designed for troops in tanks, military trucks and those operating from aircraft including pilots. The majority of soldiers do not take part in an infantry battle. Their jobs are usually to support the infantry. Their main role is not winning a fight, but often to escape an ambush. In other situations they may assist the infantry. PDWs are also used by bodyguards as they can be hidden under a jacket but still allowed good firepower. PDWs tend to be shorter range weapons.

The term evolved as concealed carry became more popular, especially in places like the United States. Certain states in the United States make carrying a firearm for personal defense relatively easy while others make it more difficult. Also, quite a few other countries allow concealed carry, to various degrees. Pistols, especially compact models, are very popular self defense weapons today.  Also, there are now a number of pistols available in rifle calibers.

Alternative self-defense weapons 
In places where a firearm cannot be carried or the person chooses not to carry a firearm, there are other weapons they can carry. Common items such as a credit card, car keys, a pen or even a scarf can be effective self defense weapons. Because of the popularity of self defense, there are also specially designed non-lethal weapons designed not to look like weapons.

References

Other websites 
 Self Defense Weapons (Non Lethal?); YouTube
 Firearms Facts: Personal Defense Weapons; YouTube

Firearms
Simon Green (born 30 March 1976), known as Bonobo, is a British electronic musician. He released his first album Animal Magic in 2000 on the record label Tru Thoughts. It was then released again by Ninja Tune in 2001. He became successful in 2013 when he released his fifth album The North Borders. Erykah Badu sung on one of the songs on the album. Bonobo's song "Ketto" was used in the Citroën C4 Picasso car advertisement in 2007. He lives in New York.

References

1976 births
Electronic musicians
Living people
British musicians