cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Redange () is a canton in the west of Luxembourg. Its capital is Redange, also called as Redange-sur-Attert.

History
On 1 January 1979, the communes of Arsdorf, Bigonville, Folschette and Perlé were merged to make the new commune of Rambrouch. The number of communes in the canton changed from 13 to 10.

Geography
With an area of , and a population (2017) of 18,351, the Redange canton has a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The canton has the Wiltz canton to the north, the Diekirch canton to the northeast, the Mersh canton to the east and the Capellen canton to the south. The canton of Redange borders, to the west, with two arrondissements of  Belgiumː  Arlon and  Bastogne.

Communes
The Redange canton has 10 communes (2016 population).
Beckerich (2,489)
Ell (1,265)
Grosbous (1,026)
Préizerdaul (1,705)
Rambrouch (4,284)
Redange (2,795)
Saeul (780)
Useldange (1,800)
Vichten (1,246)
Wahl (961)

Related pages
 Cantons of Luxembourg
 Former Districts of Luxembourg
 List of cities in Luxembourg

References

Cantons of Luxembourg
Zim is an unincorporated place in McDavitt Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States. In 2010 the population of Zim was 5,228 people according to the U.S. Census. Zim makes up 2.6% of the entire population of Saint Louis County.

Zim got its name from a nearby lumber camp of a man named Zimmerman. Nearby is the "Sax-Zim Bog", one of the world's best birdwatching places. It was named for the two nearby, mostly uninhabited, towns of Zim and Sax. Every February the habitat hosts a three-day festival for birdwatchers.

References

Unincorporated communities in Minnesota
Agarn (Walliser German: Agaru) is a municipality of the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Valais
Bleienbach is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Bleienbach 

Municipalities of Bern
Bleiken bei Oberdiessbach is a former municipality of the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne, Switzerland. 

On 1 January 2014 the former municipality of Bleiken bei Oberdiesbach merged into the municipality of Oberdiessbach.

Former municipalities of Bern
The law of definite proportions states that a chemical compound always has exactly the same proportion of elements by mass. Joseph Proust, a French chemist,  first observed it in 1794. For this reason, it is sometimes called  Proust's law.  

Amounting to the same thing is the law of constant composition. This states that all samples of a given chemical compound have the same elemental composition by mass. For example, oxygen makes up about 8/9 of the mass of any sample of pure water, while hydrogen makes up the remaining 1/9 of the mass. The law of definite proportions is the basis of stoichiometry, together with the law of multiple proportions.

Note that there are some compoonds, where this law cannot be applied: They are called non-stoichiometric compounds. Commonly they are metals. 

Chemical compounds
Remich () is a canton in the southeast of Luxembourg. Its capital is Remich.

History
On 1 January 2012, the communes of Burmerange and Wellenstein were merged with the commune of Schengen.

Geography
With an area of , and a population (2017) of 21,987, the Remich canton has a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The canton has the Grevenmacher canton to the northeast, the Esch-sur-Alzette canton to the west and the Luxembourg canton to the northwest. The canton of Remich borders, to the east, with two districts of  Germanyː  Trier-Saarburg and Merzig-Wadern, and to the south with the Moselle department in France.

In the Schengen commune is the point where where three countries meetː Luxembourg, France and Germany.

Communes
The Remich canton has 8 communes (2016 population).
Bous (1,553)
Dalheim (2,148)
Lenningen (1,886)
Mondorf-les-Bains (4,999)
Remich (3,632)
Schengen (4,805)
Stadtbredimus (1,866)
Waldbredimus (1,098)

Related pages
 Cantons of Luxembourg
 Former Districts of Luxembourg
 List of cities in Luxembourg

References

Cantons of Luxembourg
Vianden () is a canton in the north of Luxembourg. Its capital is Vianden.

History
On 1 January 2006, the communes of Bastendorf (in the Diekirch canton) and Fouhren were merged to form the commune of Tandel.

Geography
Vianden is the smallest canton of Luxembourgh, with an area of , and a population (2017) of 5,162; it has a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The canton has the Diekirch canton to the south, southwest and west; and the Clervaux canton to the northwest. To the east, it borders with the Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm district (Rhineland-Palatinate state), Germany.

Communes
The Vianden canton has 3 communes (2017 population).
Putscheid (1,123)
Tandel (2,031)
Vianden (2,008)

Related pages
 Cantons of Luxembourg
 Former Districts of Luxembourg
 List of cities in Luxembourg

References

Cantons of Luxembourg
Wiltz () is a canton in northwestern Luxembourg. Its capital is Wiltz.

History
On 1 January 2012, the communes of  Heiderscheid and Neunhausen were merged with the commune of Esch-sur-Sûre.

Geography
With an area of , and a population (2017) of 16,449, the Wiltz canton has a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The canton has the Clervaux canton to the north, the Diekirch canton to the east and the Redange canton to the south. The canton of Wiltz borders, to the west, with the arrondissement of  Arlon, (Belgium).

Communes
The Wiltz canton has 7 communes (2016 population).
Boulaide (1,223)
Esch-sur-Sûre (2,640)
Goesdorf (1,543)
Kiischpelt (1,168)
Lac de la Haute-Sûre (1,860)
Wiltz (6,730)
Winseler (1,285)

Related pages
 Cantons of Luxembourg
 Former Districts of Luxembourg
 List of cities in Luxembourg

References

Cantons of Luxembourg
Beatenberg is a municipality of the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 

Municipalities of Bern
Blumenstein is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Bern
Frequency hopping spread spectrum is a method of transmitting data wirelessly, using many different frequencies. After a given time, the transmitter and receiver change the frequency on which they transmit the signal. They do this in a seemingly random way, but both have agreed on the order in which they use the frequencies.

Technlogies such as Bluetooth use it.

It is one of the technologies generally referred to as Spread spectrum.

Radio technology
N.K. Osijek is a football club which plays in Croatia.

League position

Establishments in Croatia
1947 establishments in Europe
Croatian football clubs
Bolligen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district of the canton of Berne
in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Bern
David Bryan Rashbaum (born February 7, 1962), better known as David Bryan, is the keyboard player of American rock band Bon Jovi. With the band,  he has co-written songs and sings backing vocals. 

He is also the co-writer of the successful Broadway musical Memphis. He wrote the music and lyrics. Joe DiPietro wote the book and some lyrics.

Memphis played on Broadway from October 18, 2009 to August 5, 2012. The Broadway production won Best Musical in the Live Theatre division of the Golden Icon Awards, as well as four Tony Awards including Best Musical and four Drama Desk Awards. These make Memphis the most nominated show on Broadway.

Second musical 
Bryan also co-wrote the musical The Toxic Avenger, also with Joe DiPietro. The musical made its off-Broadway premiere at New World Stages on April 6, 2009.

References

Other websites 
  David Bryan website
 Official website for Memphis
 Memphis at the Internet Broadway Database

1962 births
Keyboardists
Living people
Musicians from New Jersey
Tony Award winners
People from Perth Amboy, New Jersey
"The Straight Dope" is a newspaper column.  Its author uses the pen name "Cecil Adams."  Readers send questions in to Adams, and he answers them.  He often uses humor in his answers.

The first Straight Dope column was published on February 2, 1973. As of 2013, The Straight Dope was published in the Chicago Reader and syndicated in eight newspapers in the United States.

Creators and format
Most reader questions are answered by Cecil Adams.  Adams describes himself as "the world's most intelligent human being."  He describes The Straight Dope's goal this way:

The name "The Straight Dope" comes from the American idiom meaning roughly "the true information; the full story". The column covers many subjects, including history, science, urban legends, myths, and inventions.  The column's motto is: "Fighting ignorance since 1973 (it's taking longer than we thought)."

The Straight Dope is illustrated by Slug Signorino.

Website
As of 2016, The Straight Dope's website includes all of Adams' new columns, and archives of his past columns.  There are also online forums where users can discuss Adams' columns, as well as many other topics.

Books
To date, Adams has published five collections of his columns, and his "assistant," Ed Zotti, has published a children's collection in the Adams style, Know It All.

Television
In 1996, the A&E Network briefly aired a show based on The Straight Dope, hosted and co-written by comedian Mike Lukas.

A "Straight Dope" podcast was briefly released in November 2009, but was then cancelled.

Related pages
 Urban legend
 Snopes.com
 FactCheck.org
 TruthOrFiction.com
 The Skeptic's Dictionary
 MythBusters
 List of common misconceptions

References

Other websites
 The Straight Dope
 

Newspapers in Chicago
Columnists
Entertainment websites
1973 establishments in Illinois
Victoria City was one of the first urban settlements in Hong Kong after it became a British colony in 1842. It was named after Queen Victoria, the Queen of the United Kingdom.

In 1857, the British government expanded Victoria City and divided it into seven districts, including Sai Ying Pun, Sheung Wan, Tai Ping Shan and Central. These were located in the area that is now the Central, Western and Wanchai districts.

Victoria City is technically the capital of Hong Kong. However, the name is rarely used today.

References

Other websites 

  Historical and statistical abstract of the colony of Hongkong (1907)

Hong Kong
A cloud forest or fog forest is a (usually) tropical or subtropical, contains mostly evergreen trees, and is high up on a mountain.  There is a large amount of water in the air. Cloud forests have cloud cover for much of the year, usually at the same height as the canopy, the place where the trees' branches meet.

Cloud forests often have mosses covering the ground and large plants. Such mossy forests usually grow on the saddles of mountains, where the wind cannot blow away moisture from clouds.

Cloud forests grow from 500 to 4000 meters above sea level. Usually, they grow where the fog is right at the level where the plants grow, so there is less sunlight to burn away the mist. Many of the plants take water through fog drip. Fog drip is when water forms drops on tree leaves and then drips onto the ground below.

References 

Forests
Bollodingen was a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011 it was merged with the municipality of Bettenhausen.

Former municipalities of Bern
Alessia Caracciolo (born July 11, 1996), known professionally as Alessia Cara, is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She is best known for her hit songs "Here" and "Wild Things".

Cara's singing style has been compared to that of Norah Jones and Adina Howard.

Cara released her first single "Here" in April 2015.  The following single, "Scars to Your Beautiful", was released from her first studio album, Know-It-All.  She collaborated with German DJ Zedd on the song "Stay".  "Stay", "Here", and "Scars to Your Beautiful" all reached the top ten in the US and topped the US Mainstream Top 40 radio chart.

In 2018, she won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist, one of the "Big Four" awards.

References

Singers from Ontario
Canadian singer-songwriters
Canadian pop singers
1996 births
Living people
Giorgio Albertazzi (20 August 1923 – 28 May 2016) was an Italian actor movie director, screenwriter and singer. 

He was known for his roles in Little World of Don Camillo, Concert of Intrigue, White Nights, Last Year at Marienbad, Eva, Redhead, I Married You for Fun, The Assassination of Trotsky, Five Women for the Killer, Mark of the Cop, Once a Year, Every Year, Li chiamarono... briganti!, The Rage and in Some Say No.

His best known directed movies were La governante and Gradiva. He sang the soundtrack for Gli angeli del potere.

Albertazzi died on 28 May 2016 in Roccastrada, Italy, aged 92.

References

Other websites

1923 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Tuscany

Italian movie actors
Italian movie directors
Italian screenwriters
Italian singers
Military personnel of World War II
Musicians from Tuscany
Television directors
Television writers
Writers from Tuscany
Georges Sesia (8 July 1924 – 12 May 2016) was a French footballer who played as a striker. He was born in Villerupt. He made one appearance for the French national team in 1948.

Sesia played for Nancy-Lorraine, FC Nancy, Stade Français Paris, Roubaix-Tourcoing, Strasbourg, Béziers and Merlebach. 

Sesia died on 12 May 2016 in France, aged 91.

References

1924 births
2016 deaths
French footballers
People from Grand Est
His Honour Judge Sir Gavyn Farr Arthur KStJ GCFO (13 September 1951 – 16 May 2016) was a British judge. He served as the 675th Lord Mayor from 2002 to 2003. He served as Alderman for the Ward of Cripplegate in the City from his election in 1991 until 2005.

Arthur died from a heart attack in London on 16 May 2016, aged 64.

References

1951 births
2016 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British judges
British lawyers
Cardiovascular disease deaths in London
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deputy mayors
Mayors of London
People educated at Harrow School
Politicians from London
John Bainbridge Webster DD FRSE (20 June 1955 – 25 May 2016) was a British theologian of the Anglican Communion. He was born in Mansfield, England. He wrote about systematic, historical and moral theology. He was the Chair of Divinity at St. Mary's College, University of St Andrews, Scotland.

He died at his home in Aberdeen, Scotland on 25 May 2016 at the age of 60.

References

Other websites
Webster's webpage at the University of St. Andrews 
Kantzer Lectures  at the Henry Center
Webster at Frost's Scottish Who's Who 
John Webster at Theopedia 

1955 births
2016 deaths
Academics of the University of Oxford
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Anglican priests
British academics
Christian theologians
English Anglicans
English priests
English theologians
People from Nottinghamshire
David Cañada Gracia (11 March 1975 – 28 May 2016) was a Spanish professional road racing cyclist. He was known for winning the 2006 Volta a Catalunya. He competed in the 2005 Tour de France. Cañada was unable to compete in the 2009 season, due to treatment for skin cancer which had been detected in 2007, and retired early in the 2010 season.

He at the age of 41 after a fall during a cycling event, aged 41.

References

1975 births
2016 deaths
Deaths in sport
Skin cancer survivors
Spanish cyclists
The Civil Air Patrol (CAP) is a non-profit organization that serves as the official civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force (USAF). CAP is a volunteer organization with members from many backgrounds. It performs three missions: emergency services, which includes search and rescue (by air and ground) and disaster relief operations; aeronautics education for youth and the general public; and cadet programs for teenage youth.

Membership in the organization consists of cadets ranging from 12 to just under 21 years of age, Senior members are 18 years of age and up. All members wear uniforms while performing their duties.

References

Other websites
Flying Minute Men The Story of the Civil Air Patrol

Non-profit organizations of the United States
Clervaux (, German: Clerf) is a commune and town in northern Luxembourg, administrative capital of the canton of Clervaux.

The city is in the valley of the Clerve river and is part of the Natural Park of the Our.

History
The city was the site of heavy fighting during World War II, in the December 1944 Battle of Clervaux, part of the "Battle of the Bulge".

In 2012, the commune of Clervaux was combined with the communes of Heinerscheid and Munshausen.

Geography
The commune is in the Oesling, a region within the greater Ardennes area. It has an area of .

The highest point in the commune is in Schwaarzenhiwwel near the town of Marnach that is  high, and the lowest point is  high that is in the valley of the Our river near the town of Roder. The altitude is  high. At the railway station, the altitude  is  high.

To the east, the Our river forms the border with Germany and, to the north, is the commune borders Belgium. In this commune is the place where three countries meetː Luxembourg, Germany and Belgium.

Population
There were 5,069 persons living in the commune in 2017, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Other towns, besides the town of Clervaux, within the commune are:

 Drauffelt (Draufelt)
 Eselborn (Eeselbur)
 Fischbach (Fëschbech)
 Grindhausen (Grandsen)
 Heinerscheid (Hengescht)
 Hupperdange (Hëpperdang)
 Urspelt (Ischpelt)
 Kalborn (Kaalber)
 Lieler (Léiler)
 Marnach (Maarnech)
 Mecher (Mecher)
 Munshausen (Munzen)
 Reuler (Reiler)
 Roder (Rueder)
 Siebenaler (Siwwenaler)
 Weicherdange (Wäicherdang)

Evolution of the population in Clervaux

Places of interest
 The Clervaux Castle. Here is on permanent display The Family of Man, a famous exhibit of photos collected by Edward Steichen. The castle also includes the Battle of the Bulge Museum, with an extensive collection of objects from World War II, and an exhibition of models of the castles and palaces of Luxembourg.
 The Abbey of St. Maurice and St. Maur is situated close to the town of Clervaux. Halldór Laxness, 1902–1998, the Nobel Prize-winning Icelandic writer, stayed at the abbey for some time.
 Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian, built in the years 1910-1912.

Gallery

Related pages
 Cantons of Luxembourg
 Communes of Luxembourg
 List of cities in Luxembourg

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 Destination Clervaux  
 Château fort de Clervaux  
 Abbaye Saint-Maurice-et-Saint-Mau 

Communes in Luxembourg
Donald Joseph "Don" McNay (February 13, 1959 – May 29, 2016) was an American financial author and columnist. He was a chartered financial consultant and specialist on what to do when you win the lottery. He was born in Covington, Kentucky, but was raised in Lexington, Kentucky. He was a financial author and The Huffington Post contributor.

McNay died of a suspected heart attack on May 29, 2016 in New Orleans, Louisiana, aged 57.

References

1959 births
2016 deaths
American columnists
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Louisiana
People from Lexington, Kentucky
Writers from Kentucky
Robert Frank "Bob" List (born September 1, 1936) is an American attorney and politician. He served as the 24th Governor of Nevada from 1979 to 1983. List was defeated for re-election in 1982 by Nevada Attorney General Richard Bryan. He is a member of the Republican Party.

References

Other websites

1936 births
Living people
Governors of Nevada
Politicians from California
US Republican Party politicians
The M14 is an American 7.62 NATO battle rifle that was adopted in 1959 during the Vietnam War. The M14 production begin in 1959 and ended in 1964. The M14 can be used as a battle rifle, marksman rifle and a sniper rifle. The M14 was based on a WW2 M1 Garand. In the late 1960s and early 1970s the M14 got replaced by the M16A1 by the United States Army in Vietnam.

Battle rifles
Rifles of the Cold War
7.62 mm rifles
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Mount Kinabalu 
| other_name = Gunung Kinabalu'
| photo = MtKinabalu_view_from_kundasan.jpg
| photo_caption = Mount Kinabalu
| elevation_m = 4096
| prominence_m = 4096
| prominence_ref = Ranked 20th
| listing = Country high pointUltraSpesial (Ribu)
| range = Crocker Range
| location = Sabah, Borneo,Malaysia
| label_position = bottom
| coordinates       = 
| coordinates_ref =
| first_ascent = March 1851Hugh Low (summit plateau)
1888John Whitehead (highest peak)
| easiest_route = Hiking
}}

Mount Kinabalu  is a high mountain on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. This is in Malaysia.

The mountain is protected as a park, named Kinabalu Park. The park was awarded the country's first World Heritage Site. Because of over 5,000 plant species, it is also one of the world’s most important biological sites.

At its peak, the indigenous Kadazan people make their homes there. The mountain's name comes from the name "Akinabalu" (meaning Revered Place of the Dead'').

References

Other websites 

World Heritage Sites in Asia
Mountains of Asia
Geography of Malaysia
Spread spectrum is a method in radio and other kinds of telecommunication. Its purpose is to overcome interference, noise and jamming of signals.

Sending electromagnetic signals through the air became possible in the later 19th century with wireless telegraphy. The fact that signals were affected by natural interference was soon discovered. By the early 1900s, wireless telegraphy could cross the Atlantic. Intercepting the enemy's radio communications and interfering with their transmission was important in World War II. Messages in code were intercepted and recorded for decryption and translation. Not only can radio signals be detected, but those listening can be detected, since radio receivers also emit a signal.

Above all, since radio direction-finding is widely used in civil and military aviation, ways are needed to reduce interference with these transmissions. The main method is spread spectrum. Spread spectrum systems transmit the message using a bandwidth that is wider than the bandwidth actually needed by the message signal. This spreading of the transmitted signal over a large bandwidth make the resulting wideband signal appear as a noise signal. This resists intentional and unintentional interference with the transmitted signal.

Direct-sequence spread spectrum transmits the messages and adds chips of noise to the message. The sequence of chips produced by the transmitter is already known by the receiver. The receiver uses the same pseudonoise (PN) sequence to  reconstruct the information signal. Benefits:
It resists intended or unintended jamming
It shares a single channel among multiple users
It reduces the signal/background-noise level: this hampers interception
Determines the relative timing between transmitter and receiver
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum transmits radio signals by rapidly switching a carrier among many frequency channels. It uses a pseudorandom sequence known to both transmitter and receiver. Its benefits are:
Spread-spectrum signals can resist narrowband interference.
Spread-spectrum signals are difficult to intercept. A spread-spectrum signal may simply look like an increase in the background noise to a narrowband receiver. 
Spread-spectrum transmissions can share a frequency band with many types of conventional transmissions with little interference. 
Military users can generate the channel sequence with a transmission security key (TRANSEC) that the sender and receiver share in advance. For such critical uses, spread spectrum methods alone do not give enough security.

References 

Radio technology
Boltigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Obersimmental-Saanen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of the Boltigen Community 
 

Municipalities of Bern
The Santa Fe Trail was a 19th century transportation route through central North America. It connected Independence, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico.  It was pioneered in 1821 by William Becknell. The Santa Fe Trail was a vital commercial highway until the introduction of the railroad to Santa Fe in 1880. Santa Fe was near the end of the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro which carried trade from Mexico City.

The route skirted the northern edge and crossed the northwestern corner of Comancheria, the territory of the Comanches. they demanded payment for allowing people to use the trail.  Comanche raiding farther south in Mexico isolated New Mexico. This made the area more dependent on the American trade. It also gave the Comanches  a steady supply of horses.  By the 1840s trail traffic along the Arkansas River valley was so heavy that bison herds could not reach important seasonal grazing land. This contributed to their decline which in turn hastened the decline of Comanche power in the region. The Trail was used as the 1846 U.S. invasion route of New Mexico during the Mexican–American War.

After the U.S. took the Southwest ending the Mexican–American War, the trail helped open the region new settlement. It was important for the expansion of the U.S. into the lands it had taken.

Historic trail 
The road route is commemorated today by the National Park Service as the Santa Fe National Historic Trail. A highway route that roughly follows the trail's path through the entire length of Kansas, the southeast corner of Colorado and northern New Mexico has been designated as the Santa Fe Trail National Scenic Byway. It is  long and takes about 12 hours to drive the trail today.

References 

19th century in the United States
1821 establishments in the United States
 
National Register of Historic Places
Bönigen is a municipality of the administrative district Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. It lies on the shore of Lake Brienz.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 

Municipalities of Bern
Bowil is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 

Municipalities of Bern
Fleming County is a county located in the state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,348. Its county seat is Flemingsburg. The county was formed in 1798 and named for Colonel John Fleming, an Indian-fighter and early settler. It's a prohibition or dry county, which means drinks with alcohol are not sold there. In 1998, the Kentucky General Assembly designated Fleming County as the Covered Bridge Capital of Kentucky.

History
Fleming County was established in 1798 from land given by Mason County, Kentucky. The first courthouse, possibly built of logs, was replaced in 1830 and again in 1952.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.8%) is water.

Adjacent counties
Mason County  (north)
Lewis County  (northeast)
Rowan County  (southeast)
Bath County  (south)
Nicholas County  (west)
Robertson County  (northwest)

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 13,792 people, 5,367 households, and 3,966 families residing in the county.  The population density was 39 people per square mile (15/km²).  There were 6,120 housing units at an average density of 17 per square mile (7/km²).  The racial makeup of the county was 97.33% White, 1.41% Black or African-American, 0.14% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.28% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races.  0.75% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 5,367 households out of which 34.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them. Of these, 60.30% were married couples living together, 9.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.10% were non-families. Approximately 23.30% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the county the population was spread out with 25.40% under the age of 18, 8.40% from 18 to 24, 29.00% from 25 to 44, 23.90% from 45 to 64, and 13.40% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 96.00 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $27,990, and the median income for a family was $33,300. Males had a median income of $26,463 versus $19,895 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,214.  About 14.80% of families and 18.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.90% of those under age 18 and 20.10% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

Cities
Ewing
Flemingsburg

Unincorporated communities

Notable residents
Herman Chittison, jazz pianist
Edward Alvin Clary, US Navy Medal Of Honor Recipient, 23 March 1910
Claiborne Fox Jackson, Pro-Confederate Missouri governor during the early part of the Civil War
Alvin Saunders, United States senator from Nebraska
Franklin Sousley, Iwo Jima flagraiser

References

Other websites 
The Kentucky Highlands Project
Welcome to Fleming County

Kentucky counties
1798 establishments in Kentucky
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. Members of the House are elected for a two-year term during general elections held in even-numbered years.

In 1992 Missouri approved a constitutional amendment providing term limits (before this there were no limits). No Representative may serve more than eight years in the House. Each candidate for the office must be at least twenty-four years old, a qualified registered voter in the state for at least two years, and a resident of his or her district for at least one year.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States although the state ranks 18th in population.  Legislation was introduced in 2011 to cut its size to 103 members in 2020. States with larger legislatures in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203) and Georgia (180).

Composition

Term Limits 
In 1992 Missouri voters approved a constitutional amendment placing term limits on the Missouri House of Representatives. A Representative can serve no more than four two-year terms in the house (a total of eight years).  The first time term limits prevented someone from running again was in 2002.

Salary 
As of March 2008, members of the Missouri House of Representatives receive an annual salary of $35,915.44.

Related pages 
Missouri General Assembly
Missouri Senate
Government of Missouri

References

Other websites 
 Missouri House of Representatives - Official Website
 Missouri House of Representatives Member Roster, 2016

Missouri
1821 establishments in Missouri
State lower houses in the United States
Adriana Lecouvreur is an Italian opera in four acts, music by Francesco Cilea and libretto by Arturo Colautti, after Eugène Scribe and Ernest Legouvé's play Adrienne Lecouvreur. It was first performed in Milan, on November 6, 1902. By far Cilea's most successful work and his only opera still regularly performed.

Principal characters
 Adriana Lecouvreur - soprano
 Maurizio - tenor
 Princess de Bouillon - mezzo-soprano
 Prince de Bouillon - bass
 Michonnet - baritone
 Quinault - bass

Discography
 1950: Mafalda Favero (Adriana Lecouvreur), Nicola Filacuridi (Maurizio), Elena Nicolai (Principessa di Bouillon), Giannetto Zini (Principe di Bouillon), Luigi Borgonovo (Michonnet), Ottavio Serpo (Quinault); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Federico Del Cupolo - (VAI)
 1951: Carla Gavazzi (Adriana Lecouvreur), Giacinto Prandelli (Maurizio), Miti Truccato Pace (Principessa di Bouillon), Plinio Clabassi (Principe di Bouillon), Saturno Meletti (Michonnet), Pasquale Lombardo (Quinault); Coro e Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano della RAI, Alfredo Simonetto - (Fonit Cetra)
 1959: Magda Olivero (Adriana Lecouvreur), Franco Corelli (Maurizio), Giulietta Simionato (Principessa di Bouillon), Antonio Cassinelli (Principe di Bouillon), Ettore Bastianini (Michonnet), Augusto Frati (Quinault); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro di San Carlo di Napoli, Mario Rossi - (Opera D'Oro)
 1961: Renata Tebaldi (Adriana Lecouvreur), Mario Del Monaco (Maurizio), Giulietta Simionato (Principessa di Bouillon), Silvio Maionica (Principe di Bouillon), Giulio Fioravanti (Michonnet), Giovanni Foiani (Quinault); Orchestra e Coro dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Franco Capuana - (Decca)
 1977: Renata Scotto (Adriana Lecouvreur), Plácido Domingo (Maurizio), Elena Obraztsova (Principessa di Bouillon), Giancarlo Luccardi (Principe di Bouillon), Sherrill Milnes (Michonnet), Paul Hudson (Quinault); Ambrosian Opera Chorus, Philharmonia Orchestra, James Levine - (Sony Classical)
 1988: Joan Sutherland (Adriana Lecouvreur), Carlo Bergonzi (Maurizio), Cleopatra Ciurca (Principessa di Bouillon), Francesco Ellero d'Artegna (Principe di Bouillon), Leo Nucci (Michonnet), Bryn Terfel (Quinault); Welsh National Opera Orchestra and Chorus, Richard Bonynge - (Decca)

Sources

 The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993. 

1902 works
1900s operas
Bremgarten bei Bern is a municipality of the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Brenzikofen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Bern
Kazimierz Zygfryd Barburski (7 August 1942 – 26 May 2016) was a Polish fencer. He won a bronze medal in the team épée event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was born in Łódź, Poland.

Barburski died on 26 May 2016 in Poland, aged 73.

References

Other websites

1942 births
2016 deaths
Fencers
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists
People from Łódź
Polish Olympic medalists
Thomas Marshall Hahn, Jr. (December 2, 1926 – May 29, 2016) was an American educator. He served as President of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University from 1962 to 1974. He was also Director of Georgia Pacific from 1983 to 1993.  

Hahn died on May 29, 2016 in Blacksburg, Virginia, aged 89.

References

Other websites
President Reagan's appointment as member of the Export Council 

1926 births
2016 deaths
Educators from Kentucky
People from Lexington, Kentucky
Educators from Virginia
Gobichettipalayam Vasudevan "G. V." Loganathan (April 8, 1954 – April 16, 2007) was an Indian-born American professor. He was a professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental engineering, part of the College of Engineering at Virginia Tech, United States. He was born in Karatadipalayam, Gobichettipalayam.

At age 53, Loganathan was among the 32 people killed in the Virginia Tech shootings on April 16, 2007. Loganathan taught an Advanced Hydrology class in Norris Hall's Room 206. On April 16, 2007, Cho entered Norris 206 and opened fire. Loganathan was Cho's first target.

References

Other websites
 Virginia Tech faculty profile: G. V. Loganathan 

1954 births
2016 deaths
Deaths by firearm
American murder victims
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Indian scientists
Educators from Virginia
Engineers from Virginia
Liviu Librescu (; ; August 18, 1930 –  April 16, 2007) was a Romanian-born Israeli and American scientist and engineer. He was a professor whose major research fields were aeroelasticity and aerodynamics. He was born in Ploiești, Romania. He was Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics at Virginia Tech.

He was a known academic in addition to being a survivor of the Holocaust, he was most widely known for his heroic actions during the Virginia Tech shootings, in which he held off the gunman, giving all but one of his students enough time to escape through the windows. Shot and killed during the attack, Librescu was awarded the Order of the Star of Romania, Romania's highest civilian honor.

References

Other websites
In Memoriam , Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics
Librescu Family Condolence Page , Chabad on Campus Foundation
BBC profile
The Librescu Jewish Student Center 

1930 births
2007 deaths
Engineers from Virginia
Deaths by firearm
Holocaust survivors
Israeli academics
Israeli Jews
Israeli scientists
Jewish academics
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Romanian Jews
Educators from Virginia
Scientists from Virginia
Rupert Neudeck (14 May 1939 – 31 May 2016) was a German journalist and humanitarian. Neudeck, together with a group of friends, formed the committee "A ship for Vietnam" and chartered for the rescue mission the freighter "Cap Anamur". He did humanitarian work in this project that aids refugees. He also founded "Grünhelme e.V." (Green Helmets; voluntary association) for rebuilding schools, villages, and ambulances in destroyed regions.

Neudeck died on 31 May 2016 in Germany, from complications after heart surgery, aged 77.

References

Other websites

1939 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
German journalists
German writers
Humanitarians
People from former German territories
People from Gdańsk
Wiltz () is a commune with city status in north-western Luxembourg, capital of the canton Wiltz. Wiltz is situated along the sides of the river Wiltz.

History
During World War II, Luxembourg was occupied 10 May 1940 (the first day of the Battle of France). 
On 31 August 1942, a general strike began in Wiltz that spread throughout the country.

On 1 January 2015, Wiltz absorbed the neighboring commune of Eschweiler.

Geography
The commune is in the Oesling, a region within the greater Ardennes area. It has an area of . The altitude is  high. At the castle, the altitude  is  high.

Wiltz is surrounded by six communes: Wincrange to the north and northwest, Clervaux to the northeast, Kiischpelt to the east, Goesdorf to the southeast, Lac de la Haute-Sûre to the south and southwest, and Winseler to the west.

Population
There were 6,730 persons living in the commune in January 2016, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Other towns, besides the town of Wiltz, within the commune are Roullingen and Weidingen.

Evolution of the population in Wiltz

Places of interest
One of the main features of the town is Wiltz Castle (, German: Schloss Wiltz, ) which belonged to the former Counts of Wiltz.  This castle, which is situated on  of lawns and gardens, contains hundreds of rooms.  It was completed in 1727, and the final Count died in 1793.

Twin towns 
Wiltz is twinned withː

  Celorico de Basto, Portugal, since 2005
  Zavidovići, Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 2008

Gallery

Related pages
 Cantons of Luxembourg
 Communes of Luxembourg
 List of cities in Luxembourg

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Communes in Luxembourg
David Tod Roy (; 1933 – May 31, 2016) was an American professor and scholar of Chinese literature. He taught at University of Chicago from 1967 until he took early retirement in 2006. 

He was known for his translation of Jin Ping Mei, or The Plum in the Golden Vase, one of the Four Great Novels of the Ming dynasty. It was the first complete translation into a Western language. 

He was diagnosed with ALS (often known as Lou Gehrig's disease) just as he had finished the translation in 2012 and died of that disease in 2016.

References

Other websites
 "芮效卫," Baidu Baike

1933 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from motor neurone disease
American academics
Carla Lane (1928 – 31 May 2016) was an English television writer. She wrote many sitcoms, including The Liver Birds (co-creator, 1969–78), Butterflies (1978–82), and Bread (1986–91).

References

Other websites
Carla Lane (official site). Archived from the original on 29 October 2012.

1928 births
2016 deaths
Animal rights activists
English activists
English television writers
Writers from Liverpool
Albinen is a municipality of the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Valais
Brienz is a municipality of the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. It is on the northern shore of Lake Brienz.

References

Other websites

 
 Official Website 
 Brienz-rothorn-Bahn 
 Ballenberg openair museum  
 Brienz wood carvings

Municipalities of Bern
Villages in Bern
Brienzwiler is a municipality in Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of Brienzwiler 

Municipalities of Bern
An agonist is a type of chemical known as a ligand. It binds to a receptor. It activates (switches on) the receptor to produce a response.

An agonist causes an action. There are also antagonists which block the action of the agonists, and there are inverse agonists which cause an action opposite to that of the agonist.

This is typical of the systems which regulate the body. Being able to control activity is the basis of homeostasis.

Types of agonists 
Receptors can be activated by either endogenous or exogenous agonists. Both types result in a biological response. Endogenous agonists include hormones and neurotransmitters. Exogenous agonists include drugs.

A substance which causes the same bodily responses, but does not bind to the same receptor is called a physiological agonist.

Examples 
The endogenous agonist for serotonin receptors is serotonin, and the endogenous agonist for dopamine receptors is dopamine.
Morphine is an exogenous agonist. It mimics the actions of endorphins at certain receptors in the central nervous system.

References 

Biochemistry
Physiology
Centovalli is a municipality of the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 25 October 2009 the municipalities of Borgnone, Intragna and Palagnedra merged into the new municipality of Centovalli

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
2009 establishments in Switzerland
The line formation is a standard tactical formation which was used by infantry in early modern warfare. 
It continued the phalanx formation or shield wall of infantry armed with polearms in use during antiquity and the Middle Ages. The line formation used soldiers standing or moving side by side forming a line.

Frederick the Great 
The line formation provided the best front for volley fire. However the line could not change direction easily and was open to attack by cavalry. Frederick the Great used the line formation, or “march by lines” as a part of his oblique order to fix this problem. The other part of the oblique order was the “attack in echelon” (change to column formation and angle slightly towards the enemy). This way his line of soldiers, usually two ranks deep, could easily change the direction they faced.

17th century line formation 
An infantry battalion would form "in line" by placing troops in several ranks. They could range in number from two to five, with two or three being the most common. During the 17th century lines thinned out and became longer. Using this line formation required greater discipline since the two opposing armies were often only  apart.

American Civil War 

During the American Civil War the standard formation for both attacking and defending was the line formation. The line allowed the maximum number of soldiers to fire their weapons without hitting their own men. The line formation worked best in open fields. The line could not move well in wooded areas or in rough terrain. Both sides were still using tactics that were used in the American Revolutionary War. During earlier wars including the Napoleonic Wars, single-shot smoothbore muskets were used with fixed bayonets. A line would advance to about  from the enemy line and fire in volley (all at the same time). Muskets were not very accurate and by all firing at the same time they were more likely to hit enemy soldiers. After firing their one shot the soldiers would all move the line forward for a bayonet charge.

The new weapons in use at the beginning of the war made the older tactic unnecessary. Newer rifles and rifle muskets were now available that could allow the defenders to start firing at  to  yards away. The development of the Minié ball (bullet) also increased the accuracy of rifles at longer ranges.

Modern warfare 
A loose line formation is also used by many modern forces during assaults. It allows the use of maximum firepower to concentrate in one direction at once. This is useful when attacking an enemy position. It also enables the use of fire and movement.

References 

Military terminology
Brügg is a municipality of the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Brügg 

Municipalities of Bern
Brüttelen () is a municipality in the administrative district Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Erika Berger (August 13, 1939 – May 15, 2016) was a German television presenter and author. She was born in Munich, Germany.

Berger worked as television presenter on German television broadcaster RTL. As writer, she wrote several books over sexuality. Berger has two children.

Berger died in Cologne, Germany on May 15, 2016, aged 76.

References

Other websites
 Spiegel.de: Interview: "Worüber soll man denn sonst reden?" (German)
 Welt.de: Es wird immer mehr nackert

German television presenters
German writers
1939 births
2016 deaths
People from Munich
The Missouri Senate is the upper house of the Missouri General Assembly. It has 34 members, representing districts with an average population of 174,000. Its members serve four-year terms, with half the seats being up for election every two years.

Composition
After the 2014 elections, the party representation in the Senate was:

Committees

Standing Committees

Related pages 
Missouri House of Representatives

Notes

References

Other websites 
Missouri State Senate
State Senate of Missouri at Project Vote Smart]

1821 establishments in Missouri
State upper houses in the United States