cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Hebridean Terrane is one of the terranes that form part of the Caledonian orogenic belt in northwest Scotland. Its boundary with the neighbouring Northern Highland Terrane is formed by the Moine Thrust Belt.

The basement rock is formed by Archaean and Paleoproterozoic gneisses of the Lewisian complex. They are overlaid unconformably by the Neoproterozoic Torridonian sediments. This in turn is unconformably overlain by a sequence of Cambro–Ordovician sediments. It formed part of the Laurentian foreland during the Caledonian continental collision.

The Hebridean Terrane is the westernmost strip of mainland Scotland, most of the Inner Hebrides and all of the Outer Hebrides. Similar rocks are also thought to be present on Shetland. They have been proved west and north of the Outer Hebrides by BGS shallow boreholes and hydrocarbon exploration wells. The full extent of this terrane to the west is obscured by the effects of Mesozoic rifting.

Some similar rocks occur in Shetland, which are the northern outpost of the Caledonian orogeny,

References 

Geography of Scotland
Sudden cardiac death is a condition where a person dies because the heart fails to work. It is very common, about 80% of the people have other heart problems. In general three conditions are present:
A problem with the heart
Irregular heartbeat, known as Cardiac arrhythmia
An external cause
In general, people become unconscious within one hour form the onset of symptoms.

Heart disease
Helsingør is a city on the northeastern part of Zealand in eastern Denmark. 

Cities in Denmark
1420s establishments in Europe
Establishments in Denmark
The Division of Port Adelaide was an Australian electoral division in the state of South Australia. It included the suburbs of Alberton, Beverley, Birkenhead, Cheltenham, Findon, Kilkenny, Largs Bay, Mansfield Park, North Haven, Ottoway, Parafield Gardens, Paralowie, Pennington, Port Adelaide, Queenstown, Rosewater, Salisbury Downs, Semaphore, Woodville, West Croydon, and part of Seaton. The seat also included Torrens Island and Garden Island.

It was set up in 1949, and was named after Port Adelaide, the working port of Adelaide.

The Division was abolished in 2019 when a redistribution cut South Australia's divisions from 11 to 10.

Members

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results
 2016 election results

References
 ABC profile for Port Adelaide: 2013
 AEC profile for Port Adelaide: 2013
 Poll Bludger profile for Port Adelaide: 2013

Other websites
 Mark Butler's website 

Former electoral divisions of Australia
South Australia
1949 establishments in Australia
June Diane Raphael (b. January 4, 1980) is an American actress, comedian and screenwriter. She studied acting at New York University. She played Ann in the movie Forgetting Sarah Marshall. She also played Amanda in Bride Wars.

Raphael was born in Rockville Centre, New York.

References

Actors from New York
American movie actors
American television actors
American television writers
New York University alumni
Screenwriters from New York
1980 births
Living people
Smokin' Aces is a 2006 American crime thriller movie. It is about a Las Vegas Strip magician who became a mafia informant and the FBI agent who is assigned to protect him. Taraji P. Henson plays Sharice. Ray Liotta plays Donald. Alicia Keys plays Georgia.

The movie got negative reviews from critics. It made more than $54 million worldwide.

Other websites
 
 
 
 

2006 movies
2000s crime thriller movies
American crime thriller movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Nevada
Defragmentation is a process that happens with digital files. Files are usually stored in one part. When a disk drive fills up, finding an empty space that is large enough becomes more difficult. When this happens, the file is split into different parts, and each part is stored on a different place in the disk. That process is known as fragmentation. Fragmentation happens because different parts of a file are not stored next to each other. When the file is read, the different parts must be assembled. Fragmented files are take longer to assemble. Files that are stored in one part can be read faster. Defragmentation reverses fragmentation and puts the file into one piece.

The process 
Defragmentation is the process of rearranging the different parts, so that they are stored next to each other. This is usually done by copying them to a different place on the disk. Defragmentation is relevant to file systems on electromechanical disk drives. To read each part,  the head of the hard disk needs to reposition itself to the area where the part is stored.

The problem of defragmentation is that it  is takes a long time and in some cases, the file system cannot be changed while it is in progress. For that reason, defragmentation should not be done, when it can be avoided.

There are different kinds of files, some of them are modified more often. It is often a good practice to put them on different partitions, as most Unix-like operating systems do. Also, the design of hard drives has changed over time, which will make the effects of defragmentation less visible.

Media that uses flash memory, such as solid-state disks, do not benefit from defragmentation, as there are no moving parts than need to be re-positioned.

Computing
The Sweden Box Open was an international amateur boxing event in Sweden. It was held between 1980-1997 The event was often held in January. It was usually held in Stockholm as the Stockholm Box Open. The 1995 and 1996 editions were held in Sundsvall and Timrå.

The event was one of the major amateur boxing competitions in Europe.

References

1980 establishments in Sweden
1997 disestablishments in Sweden
Boxing
Sport in Stockholm
Sundsvall
Skara HF is a handball club in Skara, Sweden. It was established on 8 April 1993 when Hangelösa HF and Stenums IF merged their handball sections. The women's team has played in the Swedish top division during the 1990s.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

1993 establishments in Europe
Handball clubs in Sweden
20th-century establishments in Sweden
The Swedish Ski Games () is an annual cross-country skiing event in Sweden. It was started in Sundsvall in 1947. It was moved to Falun in 1959. Ski jumping and Nordic combined skiing were included up to 1991 as a recurring event. Alpine skiing was also included between 1950 and 1953 (in Åre). Biathlon was included in 1984. The event is usually held in February or March as one of the final World Cup competitions during the season. The event is usually held at  Lugnet. Sometimes the lack of snow has required the event to be moved to other places in Sweden.

Events

 1947 – Sundsvall
 1948 – Östersund
 1949 – Sollefteå
 1950 – Östersund
 1951 – Sundsvall
 1952 – Falun
 1953 – Boden
 1954 – Falun (combined with the World Ski Championships)
 1955 – Stockholm-Nässjö
 1956 – Falun
 1957 – Sollefteå
 1958 – No competitions held
 1959 – Falun
 1960 – Falun/Sälen/Transtrand
 1961 – Falun
 1962 – Falun/Bjursås
 1963 – Falun
 1964 – Kiruna
 1965 – Falun
 1966 – Umeå/Örnsköldsvik
 1967 – Falun
 1968 – Falun
 1969 – Falun
 1970 – Falun
 1971 – Falun/Bjursås
 1972 – Lycksele
 1973 – Falun
 1974 – Falun (combined with the World Ski Championships)
 1975 – Falun
 1976 – Falun
 1977 – Falun
 1978 – Falun
 1979 – Falun
 1980 – Falun (women's 20 kilometers world championship)
 1981 – Falun
 1982 – Falun
 1983 – Falun
 1984 – Falun
 1985 – Falun
 1986 – Falun
 1987 – Falun
 1988 – Falun
 1989 – Falun
 1990 – Lycksele/Örnsköldsvik
 1991 – Falun
 1992 – Falun
 1993 – Falun (combined with the World Ski Championships)
 1994 – Falun
 1995 – Falun
 1996 – Falun
 1997 – Falun
 1998 – Falun
 1999 – Falun
 2000 – Falun
 2001 – Falun
 2002 – Falun
 2003 – Falun
 2004 – Falun
 2005 – Falun
 2006 – Falun
 2007 – Falun
 2008 – Falun
 2009 – Falun
 2010 – Falun
 2011 – Falun
 2012 – Falun
 2013 – Falun
 2014 – Falun
 2015 – Falun (combined with the World Ski Championships)
 2016 – Falun
 2017 – Falun
 2018 – Falun
 2019 – Falun
 2020 – Falun
 2021 – Falun

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 Earlier winners  

1947 establishments in Sweden
Skiing in Sweden
The Lawnmower Man is a 1992 science fiction-horror movie. It is about a simple-minded gardener who later becomes intelligent. A priest punishes him for not completing his chores. He then gains special powers. Pierce Brosnan plays Dr. Lawrence Angelo.

The movie got mixed reviews from the critics. It made over $32 million at the box office.

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1992 movies
1990s science fiction horror movies
American science fiction horror movies
English-language movies
American independent movies
Man Trouble is a 1992 American romantic comedy movie. Ellen Barkin plays Joan. Jack Nicholson plays Harry. Beverly D'Angelo plays Andy.

This movie did not have good reviews from critics. It flopped at the box office.

Other websites

 

1992 romance movies
1992 comedy movies
1990s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
Italian romance movies
Italian comedy movies
Movies set in California
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Bob Rafelson‏‎
Melina Mercouri (31 October 1925 – 6 March 1994) was a Greek actress, singer, and politician.

Personal Life 
Mercouri’s parents were Stamatis Mercouris and Irene Lappa. Her father was the governor of a section of Athens. She went to school at the Academy of the National Theatre, Athens from 1943 to 1946.

In 1939, Mercouri married Panayiotis Harokopus. They divorced in 1962. Mercouri remarried in 1966 to Jules Dassin.

She died from lung cancer at age 73 in New York City.

Career 
Mercouri was an actor in many movies. Her first movie was Stella in 1955. She later acted in Topkapi (1964), and  Never on Sunday (1960). Her husband, Dassin, was the director of these movies. Mercouri also acted and sang in the musical llya, Darling (1967). She became very famous for her work in Never on Sunday. Mercouri also was awarded an Academy Award nomination for best actress from that role. Later, she became the Greek Minister of Culture and Sciences. Her job was to educate about Greek history, art and sports. While in this job, Mercouri supported Greek arts, sports, and women's rights. She became part of the Greek Parliament in 1977. Mercouri was also an author. She wrote her autobiography: I Was Born Greek.

References

1920 births
1994 deaths
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from lung cancer
Government ministers of Greece
Greek actors
Greek singers
People from Athens

Contemporary Authors Online. “Melina Mercouri.”Biography in Context. GALE, 2014. Biography in Context. May 4, 2018.

Benson, Sonia G. "Melina Mercouri." Biography in Context. GALE, 2001. Gale Biography In Context. May 4, 2018.

Flint, Peter B. "Melina Mercouri, Actress and Politician, Is Dead." New York Times, 7 Mar. 1994. Student Resources In Context, May, 4 2018.

"Mercouri, Melina." World Book Advanced, World Book, 2018. World Book, Inc. May 4, 2018.
Arrhythmia (commonly called irregular heartbeat) is the name for a number of conditions, where the heartbeat is not normal. It may be too fast (tachycardia); too slow (bradycardia); or the heart may not beat in its regular rhythm.

Heart disease
Donald R. Keough (September 4, 1926 – February 24, 2015) was an American businessman. He was the Chairman of the Board of Allen & Company Incorporated, a New York investment-banking firm. He was elected to that position in April 1993.

References

1926 births
2015 deaths
Businesspeople from New York
Boris Yefimovich Nemtsov ( ; 9 October 195927 February 2015) was a Russian scientist, statesman and liberal politician. He had a successful political career during the 1990s under President Boris Yeltsin. Since 2000 had been an outspoken critic of Vladimir Putin. He was shot and killed in February 2015 for his pro-democracy views on Russia, probably by loyalists of Vladimir Putin, on a bridge near the Kremlin and Red Square in Moscow.

Nemtsov studied physics, and held the equivalent of a Phd in physics and mathematics, from the university of Nizhny Novgorod, which was called Gorki at the time.

References

1959 births
2015 deaths
Assassinated people
Murders by firearm in Russia
Russian murder victims
Russian politicians
Russian physicists
Sochi
Fritz Joachim Raddatz (3 September 1931 – 26 February 2015) was a German feuilletonist, essayist, biographer and romancier.

In September 2014 Raddatz announced his retirement from active writing. He was a bisexual.

Raddatz, who was an advocate of Euthanasia, committed suicide at the age of 83 on 26 February 2015 in Zurich. He never wanted to become a nursing case. In full possession of his powers he decided: "That's it, it's enough."

References

1931 births
2015 deaths
Bisexual people
German LGBT people
LGBT writers
Suicides in Germany
Writers from Berlin
Thomas A. "Tom" Schweich (October 2, 1960 – February 26, 2015) was an American politician, diplomat, attorney, and author. A member of the Republican Party, Schweich served as State Auditor of Missouri.

Prior to being elected State Auditor, he served as the U.S. Coordinator for Counternarcotics and Justice Reform in Afghanistan.  While in that position, he was given the rank of Ambassador by U.S. President George W. Bush.

In the 2010 election, Schweich was elected State Auditor, defeating Democratic incumbent Susan Montee. He was reelected in 2014 without opposition. In 2015, Schweich announced he would run for Governor of Missouri in the 2016 election. On February 26, 2015, he died as a result of injuries sustained from a gunshot wound.

References

1960 births
2015 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States
Harvard University alumni
Politicians from St. Louis, Missouri
Politicians who committed suicide
US Republican Party politicians
Yale University alumni
Avijit Roy (; 12 September 1972 – 26 February 2015) was a Bangladeshi-American engineer, writer, blogger and secular activist. He was hacked to death in Dhaka, Bangladesh, on 26 February 2015. A Muslim extremist group claimed responsibility for the attack. 

Avjit Roy was a U.S. citizen.  He was born in Bangladesh. His family is Hindu.  He studied microbiology at Dhaka University.  His father Ajoy was a professor of physics at the university.  Avjit Roy moved to the city of Atlanta in the United States.  He had a job there as an engineer.

Activism 

In May 2001, Roy started Mukto-Mona, meaning "free mind", as a Yahoo group.  In 2002 Mukto-Muno became a website. Mukto-Muno started the first Bengali Darwin Day, Rationalist Day, and International Women's Day on the internet. The group worked for freedom for religious minorities and secular writers. The group discussed religious questions and LGBT issues.

Avjit Roy wrote many articles, as well as books.  In 2014, Roy received death threats after he wrote a book.  One threat on Facebook said, "Avijit Roy lives in America and so it is not possible to kill him right now, but he will be murdered when he gets back."

In 2015, Avijit Roy returned to Dhaka and was killed after leaving a book fair with his wife.  Roy's wife, Rafida Bonya Ahmed, was also hurt in the attack.  On March 2, 2016, Farabi Shafiur Rahman was arrested for the attack. Farabi wrote on Facebook, “Avijit lives in America. It is not possible to kill him now. But he will be killed when he will be back in the country.” Rahman is a blogger from the banned Islamist group Hizb ut-Tahrir.

Selected writings 

Obisshahser Dorshon (অবিশ্বাসের দর্শন) (The Philosophy of Disbelief)Text in Bengali.
Biswasher Virus (বিশ্বাসের ভাইরাস)(The Virus of Faith in Bengali) Text in Bengali.
"The Virus of Faith", Free Inquiry magazine, April/May 2015 Text in English.

Other websites 

Profile on Mukto-Mona
"Avijit Roy and His Legacy", Jahed Ahmed, Free Inquiry, vol 35 issue 4, May 19, 2015 
"Obituary: US-Bangladesh writer Avijit Roy", BBC News, 27 February 2015

References

1972 births
2015 deaths
American engineers
Murders by blade weapons
American activists
Bangladeshi bloggers
American bloggers
Seymour Joseph Cassel (January 22, 1935 – April 7, 2019) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Sam Catchem in Dick Tracy and as Esteban in The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou.

Cassel died of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Los Angeles on April 7, 2019 at the age of 84.

References

Other websites
 

1935 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
Moonrise Kingdom is a 2012 American comedy-drama adventure movie. It was directed by Wes Anderson and written by Anderson and Roman Coppola. It stars Jared Gilman, Kara Hayward, Bruce Willis, Edward Norton, Bill Murray, Frances McDormand, Jason Schwartzman, Bob Balaban and Harvey Keitel. It is set in New England in 1965. It is about a 12-year-old boy and 12-year-old girl who run away together. It received very positive reviews when it was released on May 25, 2012.

2010s adventure movies
2012 comedy-drama movies
2010s coming-of-age movies
Coming-of-age drama movies
American adventure movies
American comedy-drama movies
American coming-of-age movies
English-language movies
Movies set in the 1960s
Movies set in islands
New England
Movies directed by Wes Anderson
Alejandro González Iñárritu (born August 15, 1963) is an Academy Award-winning Mexican movie director, screenwriter, movie producer, and composer. His five feature movies – Amores perros (2000), 21 Grams (2003), Babel (2006), Biutiful (2010), Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014), and The Revenant (2015).

He is also close friends with fellow Mexican filmmakers Alfonso Cuarón and Guillermo del Toro, collectively known as "The Three Amigos of Cinema".

References

Other websites
 Alejandro González Iñarritu at Biosstars International
 
 
 
 Moving Pictures Magazine interview 
 Guardian interview, discussing Amores Perros
 IndieWire interview, discussing Amores Perros 
 IndieWire interview, Interview discussing 21 Grams 
 Sounds and Colours interview, discussing Biutiful 

Academy Award winning directors
BAFTA Award winning directors
Golden Globe Award winning directors
Satellite Award winners
Saturn Award winners
1963 births
Living people
Mexican movie directors
Mexican screenwriters
Composers
Writers from Mexico City
Bohdan Tomaszewski (August 10, 1921 – February 27, 2015) was a Polish sports journalist, tennis player, sports commentator, and author of several sports books. Called a “legend of Polish sports journalism”, he was a member of the Polish Writers Association, and, with his son Tomasz, worked for the television station Polsat Sport.

References

1921 births
2015 deaths
Polish writers
Polish sportspeople
Yaşar Kemal, (born Kemal Sadık Gökçeli 6 October 1923 – 28 February 2015) was a Turkish writer of Kurdish origin. He was one of Turkey's leading writers. Kemal was long a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature, on the strength of Memed, My Hawk.

References

1923 births
2015 deaths
Kurdish people
Turkish writers
Minnie Miñoso (Saturnino Orestes Armas "Minnie" Miñoso Arrieta, ; , November 29, 1922 – March 1, 2015), nicknamed "The Cuban Comet" and "Mr. White Sox", was a Cuban-American professional baseball player. 

He began his career in the Negro league in 1946, becoming an All-Star third baseman with the New York Cubans in 1947 and 1948. He was signed by the Cleveland Indians after the 1948 season as baseball's color line slowly fell. 

In 1949, he became the first black Cuban in the major leagues, and went on to become a seven-time All-Star. In 1951, as a rookie left fielder for the Chicago White Sox, he became the first black player in White Sox franchise history, and one of the first Latin Americans to be named to a major league All-Star team.

Miñoso was found dead in the driver's seat of a car near a gas station in Chicago at 1 am on March 1, 2015, aged 92. He died of a torn pulmonary artery caused by COPD.

References

Other websites

1922 births
2015 deaths
African-American baseball players
Chicago White Sox players
Cleveland Indians players
Cuban sportspeople
Deaths from COPD
Disease-related deaths in Chicago, Illinois
Naturalized citizens of the United States 
St. Louis Cardinals players
Pavel Andreievich Chekov is a fictional character in the television and movie franchise Star Trek. He one of the navigators of the Starship Enterprise.  Chekov is played by actor Walter Koenig in The Orginal Series and by Anton Yelchin in the three Kelvin Timeline movies before his death in 2016.

References

Star Trek: The Original Series characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1966
Nichelle Nichols (born Grace Dell Nichols on December 28, 1932) is an American actress, singer and voice artist. She was known for her role as Uhura in the sci-fi television series Star Trek: The Original Series.

In May 2018, Nichols' son, Kyle Johnson, announced that she was suffering from "severe" short-term memory loss as a complication of advanced dementia.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1932 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Singers from Chicago
Actors from Chicago
Sentinel Prime is the name of several fictional characters in many of the Transformers series. First mention of Sentinel Prime was in issue #65 of the US Marvel Comics Transformers series, where he was mentioned to hold the Autobot Matrix of Leadership before Optimus Prime. 

Sentinel Prime is One of the members of the Dynasty of Primes and dedicated as the leader of the Autobots and has since appeared in a variety of forms as either Optimus Prime's mentor or friend. In the 2011 live action movie Transformers: Dark of the Moon, Sentinel was the main villain and was voiced by Leonard Nimoy.

Other websites
 Sentinel Prime at the Transformers Wiki
 Sentinel Prime Character Page - Transformers Animated.com

Fictional characters
Transformers (franchise)
Robbins is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 5,337 at the 2010 census.

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
The Swedish Ski Association () is a special sports association for skiing in Sweden. It was established in Sundsvall on 11 December 1908 as the Swedish Cross-Country Skiing Association (). It changed name in 1911. The headquarters were originally located in Stockholm. On 3 May 2001 the headquarters were relocated to the town of Falun.

Chairmen
1908-1910 - Fritz af Sandeberg
1910-1915 - C G A Lindencrona
1915-1922 - Sven Hermelin
1922-1948 - Sixtus Janson
1948-1952 - Björn Kjellström
1952-1961 - Sigge Bergman
1961-1965 - Karl Arne Wegerfelt
1965-1974 - Nils Stenberg
1974-1977 - Stig Synnergren
1977-1982 - Arne Jägmo
1982-1996 - Sven Larsson
1996-2008 - Carl Eric Stålberg
2008- Mats Årjes

References

Other websites
 Official website 

1908 establishments in Sweden
Skiing in Sweden
The Swedish Biathlon Federation () is a special sports association for biathlon in Sweden. It was established in 1986. It was appointed into the Swedish Sports Confederation in November 1987. It joined the Swedish Sports Confederation on 1 July 1988. Its headqarters are located in the town of Östersund.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1986 establishments in Sweden
Skiing in Sweden
Francisco González Ledesma (March 17, 1927 – March 2, 2015) was a Spanish journalist, comic writer and novelist. He was a popular crime novelist. He wrote under the pseudonym Silver Kane. He published over 1000 novels, most of them in western novels. Ledesma was born in Barcelona, Spain.

Ledesma died in Barcelona, Spain from complications of a stroke, aged 87.

References

Other websites
 Biografía de González Ledesma 

1927 births
2015 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Spain
Comics writers
Deaths from stroke
Spanish journalists
Spanish novelists
Writers from Barcelona
Laxmi Aggarwal (born 1 June 1990) is a leading figure for the "Stop Acid Attacks" group in India.  In 2014, US First Lady Michelle Obama gave Laxmi received an International Women of Courage Award.  NDTV (New Delhi Television Limited) chose her as Indian of the Year.

Life 

In 2005, when Laxmi was 16 years old, Naeem Khan threw acid on Laxmi's face because she rejected advances by him.   The Hindustan Timesnewspaper wrote a story about Laxmi.  She got 27,000 names on a petition.  People signed the petition to show that they wanted a change in the sale of acid.  She took the petition to the Indian Supreme Court. Because of the petition, the Indian Supreme Court told the central and state governments to control the sale of acid, and the Parliament to make it easier to hold a trial against a person who makes an acid attack.

Work 

Laxmi Aggarwal is the director of Chhanv Foundation, an NGO (nongovernmental organization) that helps people who are able to keep living or succeeding in spite of acid attacks in India.

References

Other websites 

 2015 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

1990 births
Indian activists
Crime victims
Living people
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Jaden Christopher Syre Smith (born July 8, 1998) is an American actor and rapper. He is the son of actors Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith. He is the older brother of singer Willow Smith and younger half-brother of Trey Smith. His first movie role was in the 2006 movie The Pursuit of Happyness. He has also appeared in The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008) and The Karate Kid (2010).

References 

1998 births
Living people
Actors from Malibu, California
Un refugio para el amor (A Shelter For Love) is a Mexican telenovela. It is produced by Televisa.

Cast 
 Zuria Vega as Luciana Jacinto Flores/Linares Talancon de Torreslanda
 Gabriel Soto as Rodrigo Torreslanda Fuentes Gil
 Laura Flores as Rosa Elena "Roselena" Fuentes Gil de Torreslanda
 Roberto Blandon as Maximino Torreslanda
 Jessica Coch as Gala Villavicencio

References

Other websites 
 Official website  

2012 television series debuts
Telenovelas
Mexican television series
2010s establishments in Mexico
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act is a copyright law that protects copyright on the internet in the U.S.A. This Act was passed by the United States Congress in 1998.

It puts into effect two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It criminalizes production and distribution of technology, devices, or services intended to circumvent (get around) measures which control access to copyrighted works. These "measures" are commonly known as digital rights management or DRM.

The WIPO Copyright Treaty is the basis of protecting copyright on the web.

References

United States federal legislation
Internet
Copyright
Thelarche means the development of breasts in human females during puberty (sexual development).

Development
Generally, the left breast is the larger of the two. 
This usually begins when girls are about 9. A lump that is a bit hard appears in each breast under the areola, which is the dark ring around the nipple. The lump in one breast may grow before the other one. This is called breast budding. Within 6-12 months, both breasts will have started growing. The swelling can be felt and seen outside the edges of the areolae. About 1 and a half to 2 years after the breasts first start growing, they are close to the shape and size of an adult woman's breasts. The nipple and areola may be on a smaller mound on each breast. This small mound usually goes away when each breast is fully grown. Breast size depends on the body's amount of fat.

Thelarchic stage
It is the Tanner 2 stage of breast development (a scale used to analyze changes in people from childhood to adulthood). The first stage is the non-developed prepubescent state of breasts. Thelarche is usually the first sign of puberty. It usually occurs after age 8, and is the first evidence of puberty in 60% of women. It usually ends at age 13. However, it can sometimes happen earlier. When this happens, it can be by itself (called isolated premature thelarche). It could also be a wider pattern of precocious puberty (sexual development happening too early).

Hormones
The process is started by estradiol, the primary female sex hormone. Many young women are not prepared for thelarche, and this may result in stress. Teaching materials on breast development for elementary and middle schools has been suggested to promote breast health by reducing shame.

References 

Human sexuality
Breasts
The Swedish Basketball Federation () is a special sports association for basketball in Sweden. It was established on 25 October 1952. It was established out of the Swedish Handball Federation's basketball section. The Swedish Handball Federation's basketball section had been started in 1948. Its headqarters are in Stockholm.

Chairmen
1952-1969 - Lars-Åke Nilsson
1969-1975 - Leif Forsberg
1975-1979 - Anders Wijkman
1979-1986 - Bengt Wallin
1986-1990 - Arne Jansson
1990-1991 - Kaj Sandell
1991-1992 - Eleonor Rehn-Jacobsson
1992-1996 - Kenny Lövingson
1996-1999 - Kari Marklund
1999-2001 - Kaj Krantz
2001-2004 - Niklas Nordström
2004-2008 - Jan Jacobsen
2008-2009 - Anna Westin
2009- Hans Von Uthmann

References

Other websites
Official website 

Basketball
1952 establishments in Europe
Sport in Stockholm
1950s establishments in Sweden
The Finnish Ski Association (, ) is a skiing governing body in Finland. It is based in the towns of Helsinki and Lahti. It is a member of FIS. It runs cross-country skiing, ski jumping and Noridc skiing. Sections for alpine skiing and freestyle skiing are instead within the Ski Sport Finland.

It was established in 1908 as Liitto Suomen hiihtourheilun edistämiseksi. The first chairman was Lennart Munck Af Flukila. It modern name was adopted in 1931.

Chairmen 
 1908–1911 Lennart Munck Af Flukila
 1911–1912 Artur Antman
 1912–1913 Eino Saastamoinen
 1914–1915 Frans Ilander
 1915–1931 Toivo Aro
 1931 Armas Palmros
 1931–1937 Juho Hillo
 1937–1941 Tauno Aarre
 1941–1942 Kalle Vierto
 1942 Armas Palamaa
 1942–1954 Yrjö Kaloniemi
 1954–1960 Akseli Kaskela
 1960–1967 Ali Koskimaa
 1967–1985 Hannu Koskivuori
 1986–1989 Matti Autio
 1990–1995 Eino Petäjäniemi
 1996–2000 Esko Aho
 2000–2002 Paavo M. Petäjä
 2003–2004 Seppo Rehunen
 2005–2009 Jaakko Holkeri
 2009– Matti Sundberg

References

Other websites
National members of the International Ski Federation 

1908 establishments in Europe
Skiing in Finland
Helsinki
Lahti
20th-century establishments in Finland
The Okefenokee is a swamp, a National Wildlife Refuge and a U.S. wilderness area. It is  shallow, 438,000 acre (1,770 km²), peat-filled wetland straddling the Georgia–Florida border in the United States. 

The Okefenokee is the largest "blackwater" swamp in North America. The term Okefenokee in Native American is "land of trembling earth". The swamp was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1974. The Okefenokee Swamp is considered to be one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Georgia. 

The swamp was formed over the past 6,500 years by the build-up of peat in a shallow basin on the edge of an ancient Atlantic coastal terrace, the geological relic of a Pleistocene estuary. 
The swamp is bordered by Trail Ridge, a strip of higher land believed to have formed as coastal dunes or an offshore barrier island. The Suwanee River drains at least 90% of the swamp's watershed southwest towards the Gulf of Mexico. 

Longtime residents of the Okefenokee Swamp, "Swampers", are mostly of English ancestry. Due to their isolation, the Swampers used Elizabethan phrases and syntax well into the twentieth century. The Suwanee Canal was dug across the swamp in the late nineteenth century in a failed attempt to drain the Okefenokee. After the Suwanee Canal Company's bankruptcy, most of the swamp was bought by the Hebard family of Philadelphia, who logged cypress from 1909 to 1927. Several other logging companies ran railroad lines into the swamp until 1942; some remains are visible across swamp waterways. Most of the Okefenokee Swamp is included in the 403,000 acre (1630 km²) Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge.

A wildfire begun by a lightning strike near the center of the Refuge on May 5, 2007 eventually merged with another wildfire which began near Waycross, Georgia, on April 16 when a tree fell on a power line. By May 31, more than , or more than 935 square miles, had burned in the region.

The Okefenokee Swamp Alliance is a conservation group that works for the continued preservation of the swamp.

References 

Wetlands
Geography of Georgia (U.S. state)
Geography of Florida
James Paris Lee (9 August 1831 –  24 February 1904) was a British, Canadian and later American inventor. He was also a small arms designer. Lee is best known for inventing the Lee-Metford and Lee-Enfield series of rifles.

Lee was born in Hawick, Scotland, 9 August 1831. At age 12 he created his first gun. He accidentally blew himself up with gunpowder. He also accidentally shot himself, twice. His family was surprised he reached adulthood. He was obsessed with guns, but he was apprenticed to a clockmaker. His family migrated to Canada. Lee worked making and repairing clocks and watches. In 1850 he opened his own shop where he could work on rifles in his spare time.

References 

 

1831 births
1904 deaths
American inventors
Canadian inventors
Scottish inventors
Edmund Ignatius Rice (; 1 June 1762 – 29 August 1844), was a Roman Catholic missionary and educator. Rice was the founder of two religious institutes of monks. In 1808 Rice and several friends took religious vows and became the Presentation Brothers. In 1822, as Brother Ignatius, he was elected Superior general of the Irish Christian Brothers.

In 1779 he became his uncle's apprentice in a merchant business. Rice inherited the business about 1790 after his uncle died. He became a successful businessman. After his wife died he dedicated his life and wealth to helping the poor.

References 

1862 births
1844 deaths
Missionaries
David Craig Mackay (14 November 1934 – 2 March 2015) was a Scottish football player and manager. 

Mackay was best known for a highly successful playing career with Heart of Midlothian, the Double-winning Tottenham Hotspur side of 1961, and winning the league with Derby County as a manager. He also represented Scotland 22 times, and was selected for their 1958 FIFA World Cup squad.

Mackay died on 2 March 2015 in Nottingham, England at the age of 80.

References

Other websites
 
 Dave Mackay Hearts Career Record
 Dave Mackay Scotland Record
 Dave Mackay Scotland Football League Record
 Dave Mackay Profile

1934 births
2015 deaths
1958 FIFA World Cup players
Scottish footballers
Scottish football managers
Sportspeople from Edinburgh
Joshua Aaron Fishman (Yiddish: שיקל פֿישמאַן — Shikl Fishman; July 18, 1926 – March 1, 2015) was an American linguist. He specialized in the sociology of language, language planning, bilingual education, and language and ethnicity.

Fishman was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died in The Bronx, New York, aged 88.

References

1926 births
2015 deaths
Educators from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Anthony George Douglas Mason (December 14, 1966 – February 28, 2015) was an American professional basketball player. In his 13-year career he played with the New Jersey Nets, Denver Nuggets, New York Knicks, Charlotte Hornets, Milwaukee Bucks and Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association. 

Mason was born in Miami, Florida. He spend most of his life in Tennessee and in New York City. Mason studied at Tennessee State University.

Mason played for Tennessee State University and played professionally in Turkey, Venezuela, the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) and the United States Basketball League (USBL).

Mason suffered a massive heart attack in early February 2015 and was diagnosed with congestive heart failure. He died on February 28, 2015 in Manhattan, New York at the age of 48 from the illness.

References

1966 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
New Jersey Nets players
Denver Nuggets players
New York Knicks players
Milwaukee Bucks players
Miami Heat players
Sportspeople from Miami, Florida
Sportspeople from New York City
Sportspeople from Tennessee
People of Tennessee State University
Medford Stanton Evans (July 20, 1934 – March 3, 2015) was an American journalist, author and educator. He was the author of eight books, including Blacklisted by History: The Untold Story of Senator Joe McCarthy and His Fight Against America's Enemies (2007). 

Evans was born in Kingsville, Texas. He was raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee and in the Washington, D.C. area. He studied at Yale University. Evans died in Leesburg, Virginia from pancreatic cancer, aged 80.

References

1934 births
2015 deaths
American academics
American activists
Cancer deaths in Virginia
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Journalists from Texas
People from Chattanooga, Tennessee
Writers from Tennessee
Writers from Texas
Writers from Washington, D.C.
Yale University alumni
Educators from Texas
Educators from Tennessee
Educators from Washington, D.C.
Enrique José Bolaños Geyer (13 May 1928 – 14 June 2021) was a Nicaraguan politician. He was the President of Nicaragua from 10 January 2002 to 10 January 2007.

Bolaños died in Nindirí, Nicaragua on 14 June 2021, just one month after his 93rd birthday.

References

Other websites
Biography and tenure by CIDOB Foundation (in Spanish)

1928 births
2021 deaths
Presidents of Nicaragua
Vice Presidents of Nicaragua
José Napoleón Duarte Fuentes (November 23, 1925 – February 23, 1990) was a Salvadoran politician. He served as President of El Salvador from 1984 to 1989.  He was mayor of San Salvador before running for president in 1972.

Duarte died of stomach cancer in San Salvador at the age of 64.

References

Other websites

 José Napoleón Duarte Fuentes: President of El Salvador  CNN Cold War Profile
 Article about Herbert Sanabria's murder in 1987. 

1925 births
1990 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Presidents of El Salvador
Mayors
"All Apologies" is the second single off American rock band Nirvana's third studio album In Utero. The song was released on December 6, 1993. It was released as a double A-side along with the song "Rape Me".

On the Billboard charts, All Apologies ranked at #1 on the Alternative Songs, #4 on the Mainstream Rock, and #45 on the Radio Songs charts.

In 1995, the song was nominated for two Grammy Awards in the categories of Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and Best Rock Song in 1995. "All Apologies" won a BMI award winning song. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame included the song on their list of "The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll".

References

Other websites
"All Apologies (MTV Unplugged)" on YouTube

1993 songs
Nirvana songs
Rock ballads
The European green woodpecker (Picus viridis), or European green woodpecker, is a member of the woodpecker family Picidae. It occurs in most of Europe and in western Asia. There are four subspecies. All have green upperparts, paler yellowish underparts, and a red crown.

The woodpecker spends much of its time feeding on ants on the ground and does not often 'drum' on trees like other woodpecker species. It is a shy bird but usually draws attention with its loud calls. A nest hole is excavated in a tree; four to six eggs are laid which hatch after 19–20 days.

It gives a loud call known as  yaffling.

Old deciduous trees for nesting, and nearby feeding grounds with plenty of ants, is essential. This is usually found in semi-open landscapes with small woodlands, hedges, scattered old trees, edges of forests and floodplain forests. Suitable habitats for foraging include grassland, heaths, plantations, orchards and lawns.

References

Other websites 
Weasel on flying woodpecker. BBC News Science & Environment. 

Piciformes
Honeyguides (family Indicatoridae) are near-passerine birds of the order Piciformes.  They are also known as 'indicator birds', or 'honey birds'.

They have an Old World tropical distribution, with most species in Africa and two in Asia. These birds are known for their interaction with humans. One or two species will deliberately lead humans to bee colonies, so that they can feast on the grubs and beeswax that are left behind.

Brooding 
The breeding behavior of eight species in Indicator and Prodotiscus is known. They are all brood parasites that lay an egg in a nest of another species. Most prefer hole-nesting species, often the related barbets and woodpeckers, but Prodotiscus parasitizes cup-nesters such as white-eyes and warblers. Honeyguide nestlings have been known to throw out their host's chicks from the nest. They have hooks on their beaks with which they puncture the hosts' eggs or kill the nestlings.

African honeyguide birds are known to lay their eggs in underground nests of other bee-eating bird species. The honeyguide chicks kill the hatchlings of the host using their needle-sharp beaks just after hatching, much as cuckoo hatchlings do. The honeyguide mother ensures her chick hatches first by internally incubating the egg for an extra day before laying it, so that it has a head start in development compared to the host.

References 

Piciformes
David Usher (born April 24, 1966) is an British-born Canadian rock singer-songwriter. He is the lead singer of the alternative rock band Moist.

Usher was born in Oxford, England. He lived in many different places such as Malaysia, New York City, California and Thailand before his family decided to finally settle in Kingston, Ontario. Usher attended high school at Kingston Collegiate and Vocational Institute and he attended Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia. He majored in political science. While attending Simon Fraser, Usher formed Moist with guitarist Mark Makowy and keyboardist Kevin Young.

Usher is also a humanist, and he has been involved in causes like War Child Canada, White Ribbon Campaign and Amnesty International. He was featured in the 2001 MuchMusic special Musicians in the WarZone, a humanitarian documentary which was produced by War Child Canada and was directed by filmmaker Liz Marshall.

Discography

Studio albums
with Moist
 Silver (1994)
 Creature (1996)
 Mercedes Five and Dime (2000)
 Machine Punch Through: The Singles Collection (2001)
 Glory Under Dangerous Skies (2014)

solo
 Little Songs (1998)
 Morning Orbit (2001)
 Hallucinations (2003)
 If God Had Curves (2005)
 Strange Birds (2007)
 Wake Up and Say Goodbye (2008)
 The Mile End Sessions (2010)
 Songs from the Last Day on Earth
 Let It Play (2016)

References

Other websites
Official website

1966 births
Canadian rock musicians
Canadian singer-songwriters
Humanists
Living people
Musicians from Ontario
People from Oxford
The Bieg Piastów is a cross-country skiing marathon in Poland. It was held for first time in 1976  and is part of Worldloppet since 2008.

References

Other websites
Official website

1976 establishments in Europe
Skiing
Sport in Poland
20th century establishments in Poland
The Tuskegee Airmen  is the popular name for a group of African-American military pilots (fighter and bomber) who fought in World War II. Formally, they formed the 332nd Fighter Group and the 477th Bombardment Group of the United States Army Air Forces. The name also applies to the crew members and support personnel. Their units were all black and all segregated. They had an outstanding record. As fighter escorts they had the reputation that not a single bomber was lost to enemy action while being escorted by Tuskegee airmen. 

The Tuskegee Airmen were the first African-American military aviators in the United States Armed Forces. During World War II, Black Americans in many U.S. states were still subject to the Jim Crow laws. Most Tuskegee pilots were trained at Tuskegee Army Airfield in Tuskegee, Alabama. Training bomber crews took longer than training fighter pilots and the war was won before they finished. Navigators and other crew members trained at various army based in the US.

References 

United States Army
1940 establishments in the United States
1950s disestablishments in the United States
1952 disestablishments
The Merino Muster is a cross-country skiing marathon on the South Island of New Zealand. It was held for first time in 1995 and is part of Worldloppet since 2014.

References

Other websites
Official website

1995 establishments
Skiing
Sport in New Zealand
1990s establishments in New Zealand
East London is the northeastern part of London. It is east of the City of London.

It does not have an official definition. The idea has its origins in 1720 as "That part beyond the Tower". By 1950 it was called East London and included all of Greater London east of the City of London and north of the River Thames. This area now makes up the London boroughs of Barking and Dagenham, Hackney, Havering, Newham, Redbridge, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest. It includes one of the highest ethnic minority populations in the country, mostly families of South Asian origin.

The East End of London is a subset of East London, corresponding to areas closer to the ancient City. 

The early development of London eastward was caused by shipping on the River Thames. There were docks and shipbuilding. These industries declined after World War II. Felixstowe is now used as the main container port of southern England. East London is now an area of regeneration. 

Areas further east developed in the Victorian and Edwardian eras following the expansion of the railways in the 19th century.  In Tower Hamlets the population peaked in 1891 and growth was restricted to the outer boroughs. By 1971 the population had peaked in every borough and the entire area was experiencing population decline. By the time of the 2011 census this had reversed and every borough had some growth in population.

Many famous places like Spitalfields, Brick Lane and Shoreditch are in East London.

References

Geography of London
Allister is an American punk rock band from Chicago, Illinois.

Career
The band was formed in 1995 under the name Phineas Gage by high school classmates Tim Rogner and John "Johnny" Hamada. Eric "Skippy" Mueller later joined the band in 1996. In 1996, the band changed their name to Allister, to pay tribute to Alasdair Gillis from the Canadian TV show You Can't Do That on Television. The band released their debut studio album, Dead Ends and Girlfriends in 1999 through Drive-Thru Records.

Their second studio album Last Stop Suburbia was released on October 1, 2002. Their song "Somewhere On Fullerton" from Last Stop Suburbia was featured in the 2003 video game Disney's Extreme Skate Adventure.

Band members 
Current
Tim Rogner — Drums, percussion, lead and backing vocals (1995—2000); rhythm and lead guitar, lead and backing vocals (2000—2007, 2010—present)
Scott Murphy — Bass guitar, lead and backing vocals (1998—2007, 2010—present)
Kyle Lewis — lead guitar, backing vocals (2003—2007, 2010—present)
Buddy "Goldfinger" Schaub — Tenor trombone and backing vocals (1993—present)

Former
John Hamada — lead guitar, backing and lead vocals (1995—2002); backing vocals (July 20, 2007)
Eric "Skippy" Mueller — bass guitar, backing vocals (1996—1998); rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1998—2000)
David Rossi — drums, percussion (2000—2003)
Chris Rogner — lead guitar, backing vocals (2002—2003); rhythm guitar, lead and backing vocals (2007)

Discography

Studio albums
Dead Ends and Girlfriends (1999)
Last Stop Suburbia (2002)
Before the Blackout (2005)
Countdown to Nowhere (2010)
Life Behind Machines (2012)

References

1995 establishments in Illinois
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American punk bands
Musical groups established in 1995
Musical groups from Chicago
Pop punk bands
Musical groups disestablished in 2007
2007 disestablishments in the United States
2000s disestablishments in Illinois
Musical groups established in 2010
2010 establishments in Illinois