cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Joe Cocker, OBE (20 May 1944 – 21 December 2014) was an English rock/blues singer who came to popularity in the 1960s, and was most known for his gritty voice and his cover versions of popular songs, particularly those of The Beatles. The cover of their song With A Little Help From My Friends, sung by Cocker at the Woodstock Festival, initially made him famous. 

On 22 December 2014, Cocker died of lung cancer at his home in Crawford, Colorado at the age of 70.

Discography

Albums
 With a Little Help from My Friends (1969)
 Joe Cocker! (1969)
 Mad Dogs & Englishmen (1970)
 Cocker Happy (1971) (Australian compilation release, 1971)
 Double Cocker Power (Australian release, 1972)
 Joe Cocker: Something to Say (also known as just Joe Cocker) (1972)
 I Can Stand a Little Rain (1974)
 Jamaica Say You Will (1975)
 Stingray (1976)
 Greatest Hits (1977)
 Luxury You Can Afford (1979)
 Sheffield Steel (1982)
 The Best of Joe Cocker (1983 - Australia / NZ only)
 Civilized Man (1984)
 Cocker (1986)
 Unchain My Heart (1987)
 One Night of Sin (1989)
 Joe Cocker Live (1990)
 Night Calls (1991)
 The Best of Joe Cocker (1992)
 Have a Little Faith (1994)
 The Long Voyage Home (1995)
 Organic (1996)
 Across from Midnight (1997)
 Greatest Hits (1998)
 The Anthology (1999)
 No Ordinary World (1999)
 Respect Yourself (2002)
 Ultimate Collection (2004)
 Heart & Soul (2004)
 Hymn for My Soul (2007)
 ''Come Together (album) Across the Universe Motion Picture Soundtrack (2007)

Singles

References

Other websites
The Official Website of Joe Cocker

1944 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in Colorado
Deaths from lung cancer
English rock singers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Musicians from Sheffield
Elliot Goldenthal (born May 2, 1954 in Brooklyn, New York City) is an American composer of modern classical music. He was a student of Aaron Copland and John Corigliano. Goldenthal is best known for his ability to blend different musical styles and techniques in original and inventive ways.

Movie works
 1979 - Cocaine Cowboys
 1980 - Blank Generation
 1989 - Drugstore Cowboy score
 1989 - Pet Sematary score
 1991 - Grand Isle
 1992 - Fools Fire (TV) - directed by Julie Taymor
 1992 - Alien³ score
 1993 - Demolition Man score
 1993 - Golden Gate score
 1994 - Interview with the Vampire score
 1994 - Roswell (TV)
 1994 - Cobb score
 1995 - Batman Forever score
 1995 - Heat score
 1996 - Michael Collins score
 1996 - A Time to Kill score
 1997 - The Butcher Boy score
 1997 - Batman & Robin (score not commercially released)
 1998 - In Dreams score
 1998 - Sphere score
 1999 - Titus score - movie directed by Julie Taymor
 2001 - Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within score
 2002 - Frida score - movie directed by Julie Taymor
 2002 - The Good Thief score
 2003 - S.W.A.T. score
 2007 - Across the Universe soundtracks - movie directed by Julie Taymor

Concert Music Works
 1980 - Brass Quintet No. 1, Brass Quintet No. 2 (No. 2 has been recorded recently by Extension Ensemble, New York)
 1988 - Pastime Variations
 1990 - Shadow Play Scherzo
 1996 - Fire Water Paper: A Vietnam Oratorio (recorded in 1995, featuring Yo Yo Ma)

Theatre Works
 Play "The King Stag" (1984 production of Carlo Gozzi's play by Andrei Serban)
 Musical "Liberty's Taken" (an original 1985 musical co-created with David Suehsdorf and Julie Taymor)
 Musical "The Transposed Heads" (adapted in 1986 by Sidney Goldfarb and Julie Taymor from the novel by Thomas Mann)
 Play (Commedia) "The Serpent Woman" (1988 production of Carlo Gozzi's Commedia)
 Musical "Juan Darien: A Carnival Mass" (1988 off-Broadway, reworked and recorded for Broadway in 1996)Co-Bookwriter, lyricist, arranger of the Latin text.
 Ballet "Othello" (a 1998 ballet with choreography by Lar Lubovitch)
 Musical "The Green Bird" (1999 on Broadway production of production of Carlo Gozzi's work)Stage director: Julie Taymor
 Opera "Grendel" (opened 2006 June at Los Angeles Opera; not released on CD yet as of August 2007)Libretto: Julie Taymor and J D. McClatchy, after the novel Grendel by John Gardner, and the poem BeowulfStage director: Julie Taymor

Awards and nominations

Other websites
 Elliot Goldenthal at Variety.com
 
 Elliot Goldenthal at the Internet Broadway Dabatase
 "A Website for the Composer" 
 Elliot Goldenthal at SoundtrackNet
 Elliot Goldenthal at Moviemusicuk.us 
 Elliot Goldenthal at Theoscarsite.com 
 Elliot Goldenthal at the All Music Guide
 An Interview with both Taymor and Goldenthal at their apartment in New York with the New York Times
 An interview with Goldenthal about his 'Titus' and 'Heat' scores et al.
 An interview with him on his score for Frida and other scores.

1954 births
Living people
Goldenthal, Elliot
Academy Award winning composers
Golden Globe Award winning composers
Musicians from New York City
Sartène (), is a town (a "commune" in French) of Southern Corsica, in the Corse-du-Sud département, in France. The city is famous since medieval times for granite buildings in 16th century. One of the main incidents in the town's history was an attack by pirates from Algiers in 1583, after which 400 people were taken away. These attacks continued into the 18th century. 

The town is centered around the Place de la Libération (previously the Place Porta), at the edge of which is the church of Sainte Marie. The town allows good views across the valley. Sartene wine is well known amongst wine buffs as being a good drop.

Sartene has given its name to one of the southern-Corsican dialects that are most like the Sardinian language.

Important places 
 Church of Sainte Marie

Other websites 
A page on the history of the town

Communes in Corse-du-Sud
Subprefectures in France
Saint-Florent () is a commune in Haute-Corse, Corsica, France. It is a fishing port located near the gulf of the same name (Saint-Florent Gulf).

Today, it is a popular summer vacation spot for many tourists for one of the most beautiful beaches on the Mediterranean coast, Saleccia.

Climate

Saint-Florent has a typically Mediterranean climate - mild winters with temperatures rarely under zero, warm, dry summers with temperatures at around 35°C in July and August.

History

Saint-Florent was created by the Genoese in the 16th century as a base for to fight the Corsican patriots in their villages. The colonial state and imperialist France later used it for getting troops of mercenaries and colonists during August 1764. After the defeat at Ponte Novu Bridge, the army of Pasquale Paoli, helped by Horatio Nelson, reconquered Saint-Florent in 1793 during the brief Anglo-Corsican rule.

Important places
The Genoise citadel constructed in 1440.

Gallery
View of Saint-Florent

Other websites
 Picture of Saint-Florent Cathedral 

Communes in Haute-Corse
The term carbon footprint is how much carbon goes into the air because of something done by people or that is not done by nature. Doing something that burns fuel will make carbon dioxide gas (CO2).  It is the total amount of greenhouse gases produced to directly and indirectly support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide.  Just as walking on the sand leaves a footprint, burning fuel leaves carbon dioxide in the air, which is called a carbon footprint.  Total carbon footprint/emission would include energy emissions from human activities - that is, from heat, light, power and refrigeration and all transport related emissions from cars, freight and distribution.  

The words "carbon footprint" are often seen in the news. They are used with the word sustainability, which means that we can keep doing something without making something bad happen. That is, if there is too much of a carbon footprint, then there is no sustainability. People and businesses are often asked to think about how much carbon they are putting into the air, and how this changes the environment and maybe causes global warming. This is often said about traveling by airplane or by car, because burning fuel makes carbon dioxide gas.

Where it comes from 
Oil, gas, and coal are called "fossil fuels" because they come from fossils of ancient plants and animals.  Those plants and animals had carbon in them.  When we burn oil, gas, and coal, the carbon becomes carbon dioxide and goes into the air.  This makes the greenhouse effect, which means that the carbon dioxide makes the earth warmer, like a greenhouse. A carbon footprint is the carbon dioxide that is put into the air because of a person, a group of people, an event or a product.

Remedies 
The most common way to reduce the carbon footprint of humans is to Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Refuse. Another easy option is to drive less. By walking or biking to the destination rather than driving, not only is a person going to save money on gas, but they will be burning less fuel and releasing fewer emissions into the atmosphere. However, if walking is not an option, one can look into carpooling use public transportation options in their area.
Yet another option for reducing the carbon footprint of humans is to use less air conditioning and heating in the home. By adding insulation to the walls and attic of one's home, and installing weather stripping or caulking around doors and windows one can lower their heating costs more than 25 percent. 
Choice of diet is a major influence on a person's carbon footprint. Animal sources of protein (especially red meat), rice (typically produced in high methane-emitting paddies), foods transported long distance and/or via fuel-inefficient transport (e.g., highly perishable produce flown long distance) and heavily processed and packaged foods are among the major contributors to a high carbon diet. 

Ecology
The Louisiana Purchase was a land purchase made by United States president, Thomas Jefferson, in 1803.  He bought the Louisiana territory from France, which was being led by Napoleon Bonaparte at the time, for 15,000,000 USD. First, the men sent to France were allowed to spend up to 10 million USD in order to buy New Orleans and, if possible, the west bank of the Mississippi River.  But then the French government said that for 5 million more dollars they would sell all of the Louisiana territory.  Thomas Jefferson approved the deal and used his constitutional power to sign treaties to buy the land. 

Napoleon Bonaparte sold the land because he needed money for the Great French War.  The British had re-entered the war and France was losing the Haitian Revolution and could not defend Louisiana.  Thomas Jefferson took the French offer as an opportunity to make America larger, even if it meant going against his Republican principles of small government (some would say he exceeded his constitutional power by accepting the deal on his own).

 
The purchase added 828,394 square miles and doubled the size of the U.S..  This included all of the states of Oklahoma, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, and part of the states of Louisiana, Texas, Minnesota, Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota. It also included a small piece of land that is now part of Canada.

The Louisiana Purchase gave the U.S. control of the Mississippi River and the port city of New Orleans, both of which were used by farmers to ship their crops and get paid. It also ensured that France and other European countries would not try to take the land.  France only controlled small bits of the territory.  Because of that, the United States had to make other agreements with and payments to other governments and groups.  The total amount paid for the Louisiana Purchase and all of these other agreements was about 2.6 billion USD.

The Lewis and Clark expedition explored the Louisiana Purchase and the Oregon Territory. They started from St. Louis. Their route traced the Missouri River.

Other websites
 Lewis and Clark website
 Article on the Louisiana Purchase
 Article about the history and the purchase of the Louisiana territory
 Louisiana Purchase -Citizendium

1803 in the United States
Thomas Jefferson
Mattimeo is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1989. It is the third book in the Redwall series.  It was also translated into six different languages.

1989 books
Redwall
Fantasy books
Mariel of Redwall is a fantasy book, written by Brian Jacques in 1991.  It is the fourth book in the Redwall series. Mariel of Redwall has also been translated to seven different languages.

Redwall
1991 books
Fantasy books
Salamandastron is a fantasy book, written by Brian Jacques in 1992.  It is the fifth book in the Redwall series, and has been translated into four different languages.

Plot introduction
Salamandastron, the mountain ruled by Badger Lord Urthstripe the Strong, and guarded by forty hares of the Long Patrol, is under siege by the weasel Ferahgo the Assassin, his son Klitch, and his vermin army of "Corpsemakers". Meanwhile, two stoats at Redwall Abbey accidentally kill a Brother of Redwall and then run away with the sword of Martin the Warrior. Mara (Urthstripe's adopted daughter) and Pikkle Ffolger, her trusted hare friend, are fooled by Klitch and his lackey, and Mara and Pikkle leave Salamandastron. Meanwhile, the deadly Dryditch Fever breaks out in Redwall...

Redwall
1992 books
Fantasy books
Martin the Warrior is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1993.  It is the sixth book in the Redwall series, and has been translated into nine different languages.

Redwall
1993 books
Fantasy books
Zionism is the nationalist movement to bring back an independent country for the Jewish people in part of the Land of Israel, the site of the first Jewish states. This movement resulted in the creation of the State of Israel in 1948.

History
The word 'Zionism' comes from Zion, which means Jerusalem. Theodor Herzl started the modern Zionist movement. At the time, the Land of Israel was called Palestine. It was controlled by the Ottoman Empire. In 1917, the British made a statement called the Balfour Declaration. They agreed to support a Jewish homeland in Palestine. 

Many Evangelical Christians believe that the migration of Jews to Palestine is linked to the apocalypse and prophecy.

Related pages 
 Religious Zionism

References
The Bellmaker is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1994. It is the seventh book in the Redwall series.  The Bellmaker has been translated into six different languages, including Finnish, French, German, Italian, Swedish, and Russian.

Redwall
1994 books
Fantasy books
British novels
Outcast of Redwall is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1995. It is the eighth book in the Redwall series.  Outcast of Redwall has been translated into six different languages, including Finnish, French, German, Italian, Swedish, and Russian.

Redwall
1995 books
Fantasy books
The Pearls of Lutra is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1996. It is the ninth book in the Redwall series.  The American edition of the novel was titled  Pearls of Lutra.  The Pearls of Lutra has been translated into six different languages, including Finnish, French, German, Italian, Swedish, and Russian.

Redwall
1996 books
Fantasy books
The Long Patrol is a children's fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1997. It is the tenth book in the Redwall series.  The Long Patrol has been translated into four different languages including Finnish, French, Italian, and Swedish.

Plot summary
A young hare named Tammo wants to join the Long Patrol, the army of fighting hares that serves the Ruler of the mountain Salamandastron. But meanwhile Damug Warfang the rat and his evil army of cruel Rapscallions are coming. 

Redwall
1997 books
Fantasy books
Stop is the second album released by the band Plain White T's. It was the first plain White T's album to be released on Fearless Records. The album was released August 20, 2002.

Track listing

 "Stop"
 "Please Don't Do This"
 "What If?"
 "Fireworks"
 "Leavin'"
 "Shine"
 "Your Fault"
 "Happy Someday"
 "A Lonely September"
 "Can't Turn Away"
 "Penny (Perfect For You)"
 "Radios In Heaven"

References

2002 albums
Plain White T's albums
Porto-Vecchio () is a town and commune of the Corse-du-Sud department, on the island of Corsica, in France.Porto-Vecchio is the third largest town in Corsica after Bastia and Ajaccio.Porto-Vecchio is also a tourism city, tourists come from many countries around the world, in particular from Italy, Germany or the Netherlands. Porto-Vecchio has 10,000 inhabitants, 40,000 in the summer.

History and Politics 
The town of Porto-Vecchio is also called the city of salt, because this one was built on salt-water marshes which were drained in order to develop itself.

Food 
Corsican gastronomy is rich and varied. Many of food are seasonal like clementines or citrus. Corsica is the only region of France producing this variety of oranges, around 25,000 tonnes per year and 40% of this production comes from Porto-Vecchio or its area. This fruit is very famous for its freshness and the vitamins which it brings. Another fruit very significant in Corsica and in particular in Porto-Vecchio is the chestnut because they are used in many Corsican dishes, for example, it is used to make bread or crepe. A typically Corsican dish is the pig that is cooked in a lot of version, and that has famous part really good, like: coppa, lonzu or prizuttu, which one is similar to a parma ham but the most famous is figatelli, which is smoked. The most typical cheese is called brocciu.

Other websites 
 Porto-Vecchio , pictures of Porto-Vecchio

Communes in Corse-du-Sud
Treptower Tollensewinkel was an Amt in the former district of Demmin. Since 4 September 2011, it is an Amt in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte Rural District. Both districts were/are in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

The seat (capital city) of the Amt is in Altentreptow. 

The Amt Treptower Tollensewinkel consists of the following municipalities:
The Tollense () is a river in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in northeastern Germany, right tributary of the Peene. The river starts as the outflow of the lake Tollensesee in Neubrandenburg. The Tollense is  long and empties into the river Peene in Demmin.

History

According to several reports in the German media, several human remains of the bronze period have been found in the region named Tollense valley () since 1997.

Many showed signs of injury and violent death. In 2008 research was concentrated on an area of . Hundreds of bone fragments, as well as wooden weaponry and flintstone arrowheads have been discovered. The finds were possible due to the preservation of the former swamp ground and the fact that the Tollense has never really changed its flow.

It is now estimated that about 200 people died in a battle-like scenario in that valley about 1250 BC. Since the population then was about 5 people per square kilometre, about 13 people per square mile, this would've been the most important battle in Bronze Age Germany yet to be discovered. More investigation of the grounds is planned for the years 2010 to 2015.

References

Geography of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Rivers of Germany
Every Second Counts is the fourth album released by Plain White T's. The album peaked at #10 on Billboard 200 on July 29, 2007. The album was released on September 12, 2006.

Track listing

Standard edition
  "Our Time Now" - 2:50
  "Come Back to Me" - 3:23
  "Hate (I Really Don't Like You) - 3:47
  "You and Me" - 2:18
  "Friends Don't Let Friends Dial Drunk" - 3:22
  "Making a Memory" - 2:49
  "So Damn Clever" - 3:03
  "Tearin' Us Apart" - 2:36
  "Write You a Song" - 4:01
  "Gimme a Chance" - 2:57
  "Figure It Out" - 2:45
  "Let Me Take You There" - 6:18
  "Hey There Delilah" (iTunes bonus) - 3:53
  "Hold On" (iTunes bonus) - 2:40

The Best Buy version of the album contains two bonus tracks: "Hold On" and an acoustic demo of "Hate (I Really Don't Like You)".

Deluxe Edition
A deluxe edition of Every Second Counts was released. It also has a different cover, with a white background instead of a brown background and includes a slipcase. It contains:

CD
 Tracks 1-12 as above
  "Hey There Delilah" - 3:53
  "We Can Work It Out"
  "Hold On" - 2:40

DVD
The DVD includes a live concert in the bands hometown Chicago. The set list was:
 "Our Time Now"
 "Revenge"
 "All That We Needed"
 "Stop"
 "Friends Don't Let Friends Dial Drunk"
 "You And Me"
 "Come Back To Me"
 "Write You A Song"
 "Tearin' Us Apart"
 "So Damn Clever"
 "Let Me Take You There"
 "Hate (I Really Don't Like You)"
 "Hey There Delilah"
 "Take Me Away"

References

2006 albums
Plain White T's albums
Marlfox is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1998. It is the eleventh book in the Redwall series. Marlfox has been translated into two different languages other than English, including French and Italian.

Redwall
1998 books
Fantasy books
The Legend of Luke is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1999.  It is the twelfth book in the Redwall series, and has been translated into two languages including French and Italian.  It was also a New York Times Bestseller.

Redwall
1999 books
Fantasy books
Lord Brocktree is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 2000.  It is the thirteenth book in the Redwall series.  Lord Brocktree was also translated into French.

Plot
A badger Lord named Brocktree is a strong badger with a mighty sword. With the help of friends Lord Brocktree takes back the mountain fortress of Salamandastron from Ungatt Trunn the Wildcat Warlord and his vermin horde.

Redwall
2000 books
Fantasy books
The Taggerung is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 2001. It is the fourteenth book in the Redwall series.  The title of the American book was Taggerung.  It was also translated into French.

Redwall
2001 books
Fantasy books
Triss is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 2002.  It is the fifteenth book in the Redwall series.  It was also translated into French.

Plot
A young female squirrel named Trisscar (mostly called Triss) is a slave to a royal family of white ferrets who live in a castle on an island. Along with two other slaves, Shogg (a male otter) and Welfo (a female hedgehog), Triss escapes from the island. The evil ferrets chase Triss and her friends. Triss and Shogg join forces with warriors from Redwall Abbey and the mountain Salamandastron, and together, the woodland creatures fight rats, ferrets, snakes, and more in their fight for freedom.

Redwall
2002 books
Fantasy books
Loamhedge is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 2003. It is the sixteenth book in the Redwall series. It was translated into French and Russian, and was a New York Times bestseller.

Plot
Loamhedge is about a young hare named Martha who cannot move her legs, and must use a wheelchair. It is also about the travels of her brother Horty, along with friends Bragoon, Saro, Fenna, and Springald, who are trying to find a cure for Martha.

Redwall
2003 books
Fantasy books
Rakkety Tam is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 2004.  It is the seventeenth book in the Redwall series, and it was also translated into French.

Plot
When the wolverine Gulo the Savage and his army of vermin sweep across the land, it's up to the squirrel Rakkety Tam MacBurl and his friend Wild Doogy Plumm with one hundred hares from Salamandastron to stop the  wicked wolverine and protect Redwall Abbey and the land of Mossflower.

Redwall
2004 books
Fantasy books
High Rhulain is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 2005.  It is the eighteenth book in the Redwall series, and was also translated into French and Russian.

Plot
A young female otter named Tiria Wildlough is living at Redwall Abbey. When she gets a vision and riddle from the long-dead hero Martin the Warrior, she sets out with a hare named Cuthbert Blanedale Frunk in search of an island called Green Isle to fight an evil wildcat and lead a bunch of otters to freedom.

References

Redwall
Fantasy books
2005 books
Eulalia! is a children's fantasy book. It's the nineteenth book in the Redwall novel series, and was written by Brian Jacques in 2007.

Plot
Vizka Longtooth, a wicked fox pirate, captures a young badger named Gorath. At the same time, the old badger king of the mountain Salamandastron tells a young female hare named Maudie to go and find a new badger to be king after he dies. At Redwall Abbey, a young hedgehog named Orkwil Prink gets kicked out of the abbey because he keeps stealing stuff. What will happen to these three animals and the wicked fox pirate? 

Redwall
2007 books
Fantasy books
Abdelaziz Ibrahim Ahmed Al-Basha (), ; 11 December 1911 – 30 August 2006), known as Naguib Mahfouz, was an Egyptian novelist who won the 1988 Nobel Prize in Literature.

He managed to modernize Arabic literature. He is one of the few writers of Arabic literature who explored themes of existentialism.

Biography 
Naguib Mahfouz was born in the Gamaliya quarter of Cairo and was named after Professor Naguib Pasha Mahfouz (1882-1974), the renowned Coptic physician who delivered him. In his childhood Mahfouz read extensively. His mother often took him to museums and Egyptian history later became a major theme in many of his books.

The Egyptian Revolution of 1919 had a strong effect on Mahfouz, although he was at the time only seven years old. From the window he often saw English soldiers firing at the demonstrators, men and women. "You could say," he later noted, "that the one thing which most shook the security of my childhood was the 1919 revolution."

Before the Nobel Prize only a few of his novels had appeared in the West.
Because of his outspoken support for Anwar el Sadat's treaty with Israel, his books were banned in many Arab countries until after he won the Nobel prize.

Like many Egyptian writers and intellectuals, Mahfouz was on a "death list" by Islamic fundamentalists. He defended Salman Rushdie after the Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini condemned him to death, but later he criticized Rushdie's Satanic Verses as "insulting" to Islam.

Before his death, Mahfouz was the oldest living Nobel Literature laureate and the third oldest of all time, only Bertrand Russell and Halldor Laxness were older. At the time of his death, he was the only Arabic-language writer to have won the Nobel Prize for Literature.

Works

Related pages
 List of Nobel Prize winners by country

References

Other websites 
 The Paris Review Interview With Naguib Mahfouz
 Naguib Mahfouz on his English publisher's website 
 Nobel Prize press release
 Naguib Mahfouz from Pegasos Author's Calendar 
 Cornell biography
 BBC report of death 30 August 2006
 Article dated 31 August 2006 from The Independent: Nobel Prize winner Naguib Mahfouz dies aged 94 
 Associated Press report dated 31 August 2006 on Naguib Mahfouz's funeral
 Biography and bibliography in French 
 -"L'hypothèse naturaliste zolienne dans l'oeuvre de Naguib Mahfouz", by Salah NATIJ - in french, Website Maduba / Invitation àl'adab
 Obituary of Naguib Mahfouz published in Islamica Magazine 
 Fouad Ajami, "The Humanist in the Alleys," The New Republic, September 25, 2006, http://www.sais-jhu.edu/programs/mideast/documents/Recent%20Articles/Articles/The%20Humanist%20in%20the%20Alleys.pdf 

1911 births
2006 deaths
Egyptian writers
People from Cairo
Egyptian Nobel Prize winners
Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust (French pronounced: maʁsɛl pʁust) (10 July 1871 – 18 November 1922) was a French novelist, essayist and critic, best known as the author of À la recherche du temps perdu (in English, Remembrance of Things Past), a monumental work of twentieth-century fiction published in seven parts from 1913 to 1927.

Proust was a homosexual. He died of pneumonia.

References 

 Adorno, Theodor.  "Prisms."  The MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.  1967.
 Aciman, André (2004) The Proust Project. New York Farrar, Straus and Giroux
 Albaret, Céleste (Barbara Bray, trans.) 2003 Monsieur Proust. New York: The New York Review of Books
 Bernard, Anne-Marie (2002) The World of Proust, as seen by Paul Nadar. Cambridge: MIT Press
 Carter, William C. (2000) Marcel Proust: A Life. New Haven: Yale University Press
 Davenport-Hines, Richard (2006) A Night at the Majestic. London: Faber and Faber 
 De Botton, Alain (1998) How Proust Can Change Your Life. New York: Vintage Books
 Deleuze, Gilles (2004) Proust and Signs: The Complete Text. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
 Painter, George D (1959) Marcel Proust A Biography Vols. 1 & 2. London: Chatto & Windus
 Shattuck, Roger (1963) Proust's Binoculars: A Study of Memory, Time, and Recognition in À la recherche du temps perdu. New York: Random House
 Shattuck, Roger (2000) Proust's Way: A Field Guide To In Search of Lost Time, New York: W. W. Norton
 Tadié, Jean-Yves: MARCEL PROUST: A Life. Viking, New York, 2000
 White, Edmund (1998) Marcel Proust. New York: Viking Books

Online texts 
  French text of volumes 1-4 and Swann's Way in English translation
 University of Adelaide Library  French text of volumes 1-4 and the complete novel in English translation
 Works of Marcel Proust 

1871 births
1922 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
French novelists
French LGBT people
Infectious disease deaths in France
LGBT writers
Writers from Paris
Ashoka was India's great emperor of the Mauryan Dynasty of India who ruled from 268-232 BC. His name means "He who is loved by the Gods and who is friendly to everyone".

Ashoka is often cited as one of India's greatest emperors. After a number of military conquests, he reigned over much of present-day India. He fought a war with the kingdom of Kalinga in which there was said to be 200,000+ casualties. He conquered Kalinga (present-day Odisha) around 261 BCE.

Afterwards, shaken by his brutal victory, he decided to become a Buddhist and lead with peace, not war. To do this, he set up hospitals for animals and humans, created shaded and rested areas along roads for weary travellers to rest, and dug wells in villages. We know these things about his life through various inscriptions (writing) on rocks and pillars. Ashoka also convinced people to follow Buddhists paths.

The national emblem of India and the "Ashok Chakra" are created by Ashoka. It's in the flag to keep a remembrance of him.

References 

4th-century BC births
232 BC deaths
Emperors and empresses
Indian monarchs
The Puritans were a group of English-speaking Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries. Puritans thought that the English Reformation had not gone far enough. They also did not agree with some of the things the Church of England did.

King Henry VIII separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 and established the Protestant Church of England.  This Church remained until 1553. Queen Mary returned the Church to Roman Catholicism until 1558 when Elizabeth I of England became Queen.  Since she was a Protestant many people were happy, but thought that the Church had not changed enough and was still too much like Catholicism.

A Puritan was any person who tried to become purer through worship and doctrine. The Puritans' way of life and set of beliefs were called Puritanism.  The most important parts of Puritanism were piety (obeying religious rules), dressing simply, and living a modest life.

The Puritans believed some of the same things as Calvinists and Scottish Presbyterians. All of these groups were devoted to the Bible and to being morally pure.

One of the Puritans' most important beliefs was that every person needed to understand the Bible in his own way. (This belief is shared among most Protestants.) Puritans tried to live by the Bible's teachings in every way. They tried to be morally pure in even the smallest ways. They also tried to be spiritually pure in every way. They thought that man existed for the glory of God. They believed that man's most important job in life was to do God's will (what God wanted). By doing God's will, man would be rewarded with happiness in the future.

Because they did not agree with the way the Church of England did things, the Puritans made reforms, or changes, in their own churches and societies. Some of the Reformed churches in Europe made similar changes. The Puritans made preaching very important. They used as little ritual and decoration as possible. Very often, sermons talked about Hell. One famous sermon is "Sinners in the hands of an angry god", by Jonathan Edwards, an important Puritan preacher. The sermon talks about God being angry with people for sinful behavior, and throwing them into the fires of Hell as a punishment.

Many Puritan groups emigrated to New England so that they could start their own societies there and practice Puritanism the way they wanted. Puritan beliefs and writings became very important in New England. One important work was Puritan John Bunyan's "The Pilgrim's Progress".

Separatists
Those who left the Church of England altogether were known as Separatists. Many of the Plymouth Colony Pilgrims who established the first successful colony in New England were separatists.
 Some of these churches were later called Congregationalists.

References

Other websites
 John Bunyan: The Pilgrim’s Progress
  A Puritan's Mind , some writings of the Puritans and their admirers
 Puritan sermons 
 Extensive Large collection of Puritan resources
Devario is a genus of fish. It is a relative of the aquarium fish Danio. Generally, they are larger than Danio, and have deeper bodies than Danio species. They have vertical or horizontal stripes. In size, they range from 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 in).

They are native to the freshwater rivers and streams of southeast Asia. Many species are brightly coloured, and are available as aquarium fish. They are active swimmers, and do best in a long tank.

Other websites 
Fishbase

Ray-finned fish
Freshwater fish
Aquarium fish
Da Nhay Beach is a beach on the shore of South China Sea. Da Nhay in Vietnamese means the rocks that jump. The beach was called this because of the geographical appearance of it; it has thousands rock reaching the sea and surrounding small fine sand beaches.

Location 
It is about 40 km north of Đồng Hới city, Quảng Bình Province, Vietnam.

Other websites
 Introduction of Da Nhay Beach on Official website of Vietnam Tourism Authority 

Quang Binh Province
Beaches of Asia
Nhat Le Beach is a beach in Đồng Hới city, the capital of Quảng Bình Province.

Appearance 
The sand there is fine and white with clean water. The beach is located on the mouth of Nhật Lệ River emptying into South China Sea. There is a four-star resort at the opposite bank of the river and another under construction. 

Quang Binh Province
Beaches of Asia
The Nhật Lệ River is a river in Đồng Hới City, Quảng Bình Province, Vietnam.

Appearance 
The Nhat Le River is 152 km long and splits up into other rivers such as the Kien Giang River, which is 58 km in length, and the Long Dai River, which it is 77 km long.

Other websites 
Rivers in Quang Binh Province on Official Website of Quang Binh government 

Rivers of Vietnam
Quang Binh Province
Varanasi (Sanskrit: वाराणसी Vārāṇasī,Telugu: వారణాసి, [ʋaːɾaːɳəsiː), also commonly known as Banaras and Kashi, is a city on the banks of the river Ganga (Ganges) in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Hindus, Buddhists and Jains think it is holy. It is one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world along with Damascus.

Notable people 
Rani Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi from 1842 to 6/18/1858, an Indian queen and charismatic female strategist, was born here, named Manikarnika. On 10 May 1857, she led the Hindu revolt, also known as India's First War of Independence, against the British navy. She died on 6/17/1858 or 6/18/1858 at age 29.

References 
 Singh, Rana P. B. Varanasi as Heritage City (India) on the scale the UNESCO World Heritage List: From Contestation to Conservation. Swedish South Asian Studies Network.

Other websites 
 District Varanasi Official Website - Official website of Varanasi District and City
 Why Did Aurangeb Demolish Kashi Vishawnath ? 

Varanasi district
Cities and towns in Uttar Pradesh
A dependent territory is a territory that is not fully independent or sovereign. They belong to a sovereign state, and are dependent on that state to some degree. There are varying degrees and forms of such a dependence. They are commonly distinguished from subnational entities in that they are not considered to be part of the state. A subnational entity typically represents a division of the country proper, while a dependent territory is a legally separate territory that enjoys a greater degree of autonomy.

As an example, Greenland is a dependent territory of Denmark, and Saint Helena is a dependent territory of the United Kingdom.

Most of these dependent territories were originally colonies, which often had no autonomy.

Lists of dependent territories 
This list includes all territories that have not been legally incorporated into their governing state, including several territories that are not on the list of non-self-governing territories of the General Assembly of the United Nations. Dependency claims without general international recognition, including all claims in Antarctica, are listed in italics.

New Zealand

Summary: New Zealand has one dependent territory (Tokelau) and a territorial claim in Antarctica, as well as two self-governing associated states.

Norway

Summary: Norway has 1 dependent territory and 2 dependency claims.

United Kingdom

Summary: the United Kingdom has 13 Overseas Territories (10 autonomous, 1 restricted to military personnel, 1 uninhabited, 1 group of Sovereign Base Areas), 3 Crown dependencies (autonomous), and 1 dependency claim.

United States

Summary: the United States has 11 dependent territories and 2 dependency claims. The uninhabited Palmyra Atoll is administered similarly to some of these territories, but unlike the others is a fully incorporated part of the United States.

References

Notes
A pidgin is a simplified language. Pidgins usually develop because two groups of people need to talk to each other but do not speak the same language. Pidgins are not usually as complicated as many other languages.

Not all simple or "broken" forms of language are pidgins. Pidgins have rules which a person must learn to speak the pidgin well.

Countries that use pidgin languages as their official languages include Papua New Guinea, Jamaica and some other Caribbean and Central American countries.

References

Notes

Languages
Eiterfeld is a village in Germany in the east of Hesse. It can be found 25 km north of the town of Fulda and 15 km south of the town of Bad Hersfeld.

Tourism

The most importand building is Burg Fürsteneck, a castle from the Middle Ages. It is preserved and restored competely.

References

Other websites

 Official site 
 Akademie Burg Fürsteneck 

Villages in Hesse
Fulda (district)
Corsican ( or Lingua Corsa) is a Romance language spoken on the island of Corsica (France), together with French, which is the official language. Similar languages are also spoken on the nearby island of Sardinia (Italy), in the city of Sassari and the istorical region of Gallura. Corsican is similar to the dialects of Central Italy, particularly in Tuscany. Corsican is spoken by almost 35% of people in Corsica.

According to its UNESCO classification, the Corsican language is now in danger of becoming extinct. The language is separated into two dialects, "Northern Corsican", spoken in the Bastia and Corte areas, and "Southern Corsican", spoken around Sartene and Porto-Vecchio. The dialect of Ajaccio has been described as in transition. The dialects spoken at Calvi and Bonifacio are like the Genoa dialect, also known as Ligurian.

In the Sardinian region of Gallura, including the town of Tempio Pausania, and on the island of La Maddalena "Gallurese" is spoken. The Corsican language is very important for the Corsican culture, because it is really rich in proverbs.

Alphabet

References

Other websites 

 Wikiquote: Corsican proverbs

Languages of France
Romance languages
Corsica
PMMP is a Finnish pop rock band. The band has two singers: Paula Vesala and Mira Luoti and three musicians Mikko Virta, Juho Vehmanen and Heikki Kytölä. The band writes their own songs with Jori Sjöroos. PMMP became popular in Finland in 2003, with the song Rusketusraidat. Their biggest hit is a song called Oo siellä jossain mun.

In November 2007, PMMP released their fourth album Puuhevonen which has songs for children.

The members of PMMP 
Paula Vesala, December 10, 1981
Mira Luoti, February 28, 1978
Mikko Virta, March 22, 1982
Juho Vehmanen, March 31, 1981
Heikki Kytölä, October 14, 1981

Discography

Albums 
Kuulkaas enot! (#6) 2003
Kovemmat kädet (#2) 2005
Kovemmat kädet (Kumipainos) 2005
Leskiäidin tyttäret (#1) 2006
Puuhevonen (-) 2007
Veden varaan (2009)
Rakkaudesta (2012)
Matkalaulu (2013)

Singles 
Rusketusraidat (#1) 2003
Niina (promo only) 2003
Joutsenet (#8) 2003
Päiväkoti (#13) 2005
Oo siellä jossain mun (promo only) 2005
Matkalaulu (promo only) 2005
Pikkuveli (promo only) 2005
Henkilökohtaisesti 2006
Tässä elämä on (radio only) 2006
Joku raja (#1) 2007
Kesäkaverit 2007
Täti Monika 2007
Atsipoppaa	2008
Viimeinen valitusvirsi 2009
Lautturi 2009
Pariterapiaa 2009
Lapsuus loppui 2009
Heliumpallo 2012
Rakkaalleni 2012
Tytöt 2012
Pahvinaamari 2012
Valloittamaton 2013

Music Videos 
Rusketusraidat 2003
Joutsenet 2003
Päiväkoti 2005
Matkalaulu 2005
Pikkuveli 2005
Henkilökohtaisesti 2006
Tässä elämä on 2006
Joku raja 2006

Other websites
Official homepage
Fans Colombia

Finnish musical groups
Rock bands
Musical groups from Helsinki
Musical groups established in 2003
2003 establishments in Europe
2000s establishments in Finland
Louis III of France (born 863–865, died 5 August 882), king of Western Francia, was the second son of King Louis the Stammerer and Ansgarde.  He and his brother Carloman, both became king together and ruled together after his father's death in 879.

Louis won an important battle against the Viking pirates at the Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu, in 881.  He died in August 882 at Saint Denis after falling from his horse.  Because he had no children, his brother Carloman became the sole king.

860s births
882 deaths
Kings and Queens of France
Carloman II of France (c. 866 – 12 December 884), king of Western Francia, was the youngest son of King Louis the Stammerer and Ansgarde. He and his brother Louis III of France shared the kingship when their father died in 879. Carloman became sole king in 882 when his brother died.

Carloman had problems with Viking raiders during his reign. He died while hunting on December 12, 884.

866 births
884 deaths

Kings and Queens of France
Eldest is the second book in the Inheritance Cycle by Christopher Paolini. It comes after Eragon and was first published in hardcover on August 23, 2005. The paperback came out in September of 2006.

Story
In this book Eragon, with his dragon Saphira visits the elf city Ellesmera to complete his training. He is accompanied by a dwarf Orik and the elf, Arya. Here he finds out that the mysterious Mourning Sage had been another rider named Oromis, and his dragon Glaedr. Oromis is an Elf and is very old so he cannot fight Galbatorix but he can teach Eragon and Saphira. Eragon now has his own disability; his back pains him very much when ever he fights or exerts himself. During his stay, in a celebration of the elves the dragons grant Eragon with a gift, he is transformed, gaining the physical features of an elf. His back is also healed. He becomes much faster, stronger and his lessons become easier. His training is disrupted by news that the Varden are being attacked by a huge army sent by Galbatorix. Eragon goes to their aid and helps them in battle and has an encounter with another dragon rider and his red dragon. The Rider turns out to be Murtagh. Galbatorix had captured him after the battle in Farthen Dur and when a dragon hatched for him, Galbatorix made them swear oaths in the Ancient Language (so they cannot break them) that they would only serve him. They are bound by their oath to try and capture Eragon and Saphira. Eragon loses but Murtagh leaves him because he has "tried", telling him that Galbatorix will make sure Murtagh's oaths are stronger next time. He takes Za'roc from Eragon, because it was Morzan's sword. He also tells Eragon they are brothers and that Eragon is also the son of Morzan.

References 

2005 books
Inheritance Cycle
Charles the Fat (13 June 839 – 13 January 888) was the King of Alemannia from 876, King of Italy from 879, Holy Roman Emperor (as Charles III) from 881, King of East Francia from 882, and King of West Francia from 884. He lost control of East Francia, Lotharingia, and possibly Italy in 887. He died a few weeks later in January 888.  

839 births
888 deaths

Kings and Queens of France
Holy Roman Emperors
The Philadelphia City Hall is a city hall  in Philadelphia, United States.  It is 167 meters (548 feet) tall and has 9 floors.  It was built in 1901.

Philadelphia City Hall was the tallest building in the world from 1901 to 1908.  Before it was built, the tallest building in the world was Philadelphia City Hall.  The Singer Building became the tallest seven year later.

Photo gallery

Other websites 

 City of Philadelphia City Hall official site
 Site with a lot of information and pictures 
 Emporis.com - Philadelphia City Hall
 SkyscraperPage.com - Philadelphia City Hall

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1901 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Pennsylvania
The Treaty of Verdun (843) happened two generations after Charlemagne and divided his empire into three parts. When Charlemagne's son Louis the Pious died in 840, his oldest son Lothair I said that he ruled his younger brothers and their lands. But his brothers Louis the German and Charles the Bald won the Battle of Fontenay (841).

Division of the empire 
Each of the brothers already had one kingdom - Lothair in Italy, Louis the German in Bavaria, and Charles the Bald in Aquitaine. 

 Lothair got the central part of the empire - what later became the Low Countries, Lorraine, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence, and Italy.

 Louis the German received East Francia. Louis became of all lands to the east of the Rhine river and to the north and east of Italy. This area became the Medieval Holy Roman Empire and parts of it later became modern Germany.

Charles the Bald received West Francia, which later became modern France.

History of Germany
History of France
Verdun
843
Quảng Bình () is a province in the North Central Coast of Vietnam.

The province has the World Heritage Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park. The province is the place of birth of several famous Vietnamese persons, including general Vo Nguyen Giap, the family of former South Vietnamese president Ngo Dinh Diem, poet Han Mac Tu, and writer Bao Ninh. During the Vietnam War, this province was severely devastated by bombing by U.S. B-52s.

Gallery

References

Provinces of Vietnam
Hồ Ngọc Hà (born 25 November, 1984) is a Vietnamese singer, model and actress. She became famous when she won 1st prize of super model contest of Vietnam in 2003 and 2004, then she turned to act as singer.

Biography 
Hồ Ngọc Hà was born in Đồng Hới city, Quảng Bình province to a banking family. Her grandfather was of French descent. She studied piano at Military College of Arts . She is now living in Ho Chi Minh City.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1984 births
Living people
Vietnamese people
Quang Binh Province
Singers
Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf (21 June 1863 – 3 October 1932) was a German astronomer. He was born in Heidelberg, Germany. He discovered the first Trojan asteroid 588 Achilles.

1863 births
1932 deaths
German astronomers
People from Heidelberg
Gluten /gloot-en/ is a composite of the proteins gliadin and glutenin. These proteins are found in the endosperms of some grass-like grains such as wheat, rye and barley. Gliadin and glutenin make up about 80% of the protein contained in wheat seed. As they are insoluble in water, they can be got by washing away the starch in the grain. Worldwide, gluten is an important source of food protein, both in foods prepared directly from grains with gluten in them, and as an additive to foods that are low in protein.

Gluten and Celiac Disease
Some people are very sensitive to glutens in their food.  When they eat foods which contain gluten, these people may experience stomach cramps, bloating, gas and diarrhoea and rashes. This sensitivity is called coeliac disease (in North America, it is usually spelled "celiac disease").

Further reading

Other websites 
 Gluten Free FAQ 

nutrition