cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
West Flanders (; French: (Province de) Flandre-Occidentale; German: Westflandern) is one of the five provinces of the Flemish Region, also named Flanders, and also is one of the ten provinces of Belgium. It is the westernmost province in Flanders.

Its capital is Bruges (, , ).

The whole Belgian North Sea coast, an important tourism destination, lies in West Flanders. A tram line runs the length of the coast, from De Panne on the French border, via the port of Ostend (), to Knokke-Heist on the Dutch frontier.

Geography

The province of West Flanders lies in the most densely populated area of Western Europe. It has  inhabitants, and a population density of  inhabitants per km². It borders the North Sea, northern France, Zeeland in the Netherlands, the Flemish province of East Flanders () and the Walloon province of Hainaut () in Belgium. West Flanders is the only Belgian province that borders both France and The Netherlands.

The province has an area of . In terms of area, it is the largest province in the Flemish Region and the fifth largest in Belgium.

West Flanders has a very flat landscape with polders, except for a row of dunes along the coast and an area with small hills known as the 'Westvlaamse Bergen', with the Kemmelberg (159 m) being the highest point in the province.

The main rivers in the province are the Leie () and Yser (). The Yser flows into the North Sea at the town of Nieuwpoort and the Leie flows into the Scheldt river.

Industry
In the north of the province, most industry is concentrated in and around the cities of Bruges and Ostend. Both cities also have important seaports: the port of Bruges-Zeebrugge and the port of Ostend. The south is known for its textile industry.

Tourism is also an important industry in West Flanders. Major touristic attractions include the Belgian coast, the historic centre of Bruges, and places where there were battles around Ypres during World War I.

Administrative division
The province of West Flanders is divided into 8 arrondissements and a total of 64 municipalities.

Population by arrondissement
Population on 1 January of each year.

References

Other websites

 Official website of the Government of Flanders 
 Eurostat - Portrait of the Regions
Sebastian Vettel (born 3 July 1987 in Heppenheim) is a German race car driver.  He is a four-time Formula One world champion.  He drives for the Aston Martin team in Formula One and is contracted by the team until the end of 2022. He is a former driver of Red Bull Racing's sister team, Scuderia Toro Rosso, in 2008. Before that he was a reserve driver of BMW Sauber.

He currently holds numerous records in Formula One, most of them from his first win in the  Italian Grand Prix and his debut drive in the  United States Grand Prix.

Racing record

Career summary

* Season still in progress.

Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula Renault 3.5 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

 Did not finish, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.
* Season still in progress.

Formula One records
Vettel holds the following Formula One records:

Footnotes

References

Other websites 

 Sebastian Vettel Fansite  

1987 births
Formula One current
Formula One drivers
German racecar drivers
Living people
Sportspeople from Hesse
Sara Evans (born February 5, 1971) is a traditional country singer born in Boonville, Missouri.  She has had several #1 hits, gold albums and platinum albums.

Early life
Music was a big part of her life when she was young. At age 8, she was hit by a car in front of her house and broke both of her legs.  She spent months in a wheelchair and kept singing to pay her hospital bills.

At age 16, she began performing in a nightclub in Columbia, Missouri.  She did this for two years. At age 20, she moved to Nashville, Tennessee because she wanted to be a country music singer.  She met musician Craig Schelske there.  A year later, they moved to Oregon, but when they married, they moved back to Nashville.

In 1995, Sara began recording demos. Harland Howard was impressed by them so much he decided to help her get a contract.  This paid off when she signed with RCA Records.

Her first album under RCA was called Three Chords and the Truth, released in 1997.  People liked it for being traditional, and it was in many Top 10 lists for that year.

However, country music radio didn't like it that much.  None of the singles made the Top 40.

In 1998, Sara released her next album, No Place That Far.  People didn't like it because it was more of a pop-country sound.  The first single (Cryin' Game) didn't do anything, but the next single (No Place That Far, a duet with Vince Gill) became a #1 hit.  Because of that the album was certified gold.

Singles

"I Keep Looking" (2002)

Studio albums

Three Chords and the Truth (1997)
No Place That Far (1998)
 2000: Born to Fly
 2003: Restless
 2005: Real Fine Place
 2011: Stronger
 2014: Slow Me Down
 2014: At Christmas
 2017: Words
 2020: Copy That

1971 births
Living people
Country musicians from Alabama
American singer-songwriters
Singers from Missouri
Felipe Massa (born April 25 1981 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian Formula One racing driver. In the 2008 racing season he was working for the Ferrari team. His contract allows him to continue driving for that racing team until 2010. In 2008 he is a co-driver of Kimi Räikkönen. Massa was hurt in the 2009 Grand Prix of Hungary qualifying session. He missed the remainder of the 2009 season, but was back for the  season.

Racing record

Career summary 

† As Massa was a guest driver, he was ineligible for points.
* Season still in progress.

Complete Euro Formula 3000 results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)

Complete Formula One results 

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

 Driver failed to finish the race, but was classified as they had completed more than 90% of the race distance.

References

Other websites 

 The official website for Felipe Massa

1981 births
Living people
Brazilian racecar drivers
Formula One current
Formula One drivers
People from São Paulo
Georg Cantor (3 March 1845 - 6 January 1918) was an important German mathematician.  He founded set theory and worked on transfinite numbers.

Life
Cantor was born in St Petersburg, Russia. His father had a Jewish-Danish, his mother an Austrian background. His father was a Protestant. He was a rich merchant. His mother was a Roman Catholic. She was very artistic. When his father became ill in 1856 the family moved to Frankfurt. Georg went to private schools and then to gymnasien in Darmstadt and Wiesbaden.  He soon showed that he was brilliant at maths.  His father wanted him to be an engineer but Georg persuaded him to let him study mathematics.  He spent a short time studying at the University of Zürich, but soon went to Berlin where he studied physics, philosophy and mathematics.  He was very influenced by the teaching of Weierstrass, Kummer and Kronecker, who were later to become his enemies.  He wrote a doctoral thesis in which he said that asking questions was more important than finding the answers.  He was talking about a problem that Carl Friedrich Gauss had left unanswered.

Cantor taught for a time at a girls’ school in Berlin,  then he became a lecturer in Halle where he remained for the rest of his life.  He became full professor there in 1879.  Cantor worked on the theory of numbers, continuum hypothesis and then on trigonometric series, starting with ideas that had been developed by Bernhard Riemann on complex variables.  He sent a paper on algebraic numbers to be published in Crelle's Journal, but Kronecker was against it.  However, Dedekind supported Cantor, and eventually the article was published.  This article showed that Cantor was a great mathematician.

When his father died in 1863 he had enough money to build a house for his wife and five children.

Cantor thought that infinite numbers really existed, and used ideas from ancient and medieval philosophy to prove his point.  Kronecker disagreed with him.  He thought that only integers existed.  Kronecker said that “God made integers and all the rest is the work of man”.  Kronecker stopped Cantor from being offered a professorship in Berlin, a position he ought to have had since he was one of the greatest mathematicians in the world.  Cantor stayed at Halle and continued to work into his old age, although he often suffered from fits of depression.  He often lost his temper, but he was also a very kind man.  He always gave encouragement to young mathematicians with new ideas.  He did not want them to suffer like he had because of older mathematicians who felt threatened by new ideas.  A lot of Cantor’s work led eventually to what is called “new mathematics” in schools today.

Cantor died in a mental hospital in Halle on 6 January 1918.

References

Related pages
Cantor set
Cantor's diagonal argument
Cantor's theorem

1845 births
1918 deaths
German academics
German mathematicians
Scientists from Saint Petersburg
Set theorists
Dacca District () is a district in the centre of Bangladesh. The district is part of the Dhaka Division, more than half of the district is made up of Dacca - the capital of the district and of Bangladesh too.

History

Dhaka has a very old history, the city area of Dhaka was ruled by the Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms century.

After the Sena dynasty, Dhaka was ruled first by the Turkish and the Afghan governors from the Delhi Sultanate before the arrival of the Mughals in 1608.

During the rule of the Mughal the district was famous for its textile products - especially the Muslin. The Mughal governor Islam Khan was the first administrator of the city. Khan named the town "Jahangir Nagar" (City of Jahangir) in honour of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, although this name was dropped soon after Jahangir's death.

The city grew in size quite a lot under Mughal general Shaista Khan. The city then measured 19 by 13 kilometres (12 by 8 mi), with almost a million people. The city then passed to the control of the British East India Company in 1765 after the Battle of Plassey. The number of people in the city fell very much as the prominence of Kolkata rose, but development eventually followed. A modern civic water supply system was introduced in 1874 and electricity supply launched in 1878. The Dhaka Cantonment was established near the city, serving as a base for British and Indian soldiers.

Thanas
Gazipur Thana
Narsingdi Thana
Manikganj Thana
Dacca Thana
Munshiganj Thana
Narayanganj Thana

References

Districts of British India
Districts of East Pakistan
Dhaka Division
Proprietary software (or closed source software) does not let people see or change source code of the computer software. It is the opposite of free software. Proprietary software is usually created by businesses who want to sell their software, but some programs that are free to use are still proprietary because the user is not allowed to change them. With proprietary software, only the people that make the software can see and change the code.

Even if the people who make the program give the source code to other people, the program will be proprietary if they do not allow to do important things like these: 
 Change the code;
 Give the code to other people;
 Give the changed code to other people;
 Use the code on a different computer;

Most companies who sell their software for money (and even some who do not charge money for it) make it proprietary source. This makes it harder for people to copy and change the software, or to use the source code to make similar software. It helps prevent a user from pretending to be the author of someone else's work (a way of plagiarism).

Related pages 
Freeware, software that is free to use but is not allowed to change.

Software
Dhaka Division is an administrative division of Bangladesh. The capital and largest city is Dhaka. The division has an area of 31,119.97 km², and a population of 38,678,000.

The division of Dhaka is next to the Indian state of Meghalaya to the north, Barisal and Chittagong Divisions on the south, Sylhet Division to the east, Rajshahi and Khulna Divisions to the west.

Divisions of British India
East Pakistan provincial region
Ratodero is a taluka of Larkana District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The city of Ratodero, founded by Rato Khan Jalbani in the days of Talpur dynasty, is the capital.

Talukas of Sindh
Swabi is a tehsil of Swabi District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is administratively divided into twenty Union Councils.

Tehsils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Mohenjo-daro  was one of the largest city-settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization of south Asia. 

It is in province of Sindh, Pakistan. The city was built around 2600 BC. It was one of the early urban settlements in the world. Mohenjo-daro existed at the same time as the civilisations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece. The archaeological ruins of the city are designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In Pakistan, it is one of the national icons of the distant past.

Historical context
Mohenjo-daro was built in the 26th century BC. It was one of the largest cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, which developed around 3000 BC from the prehistoric Indus culture. At its height, the Indus Civilization spanned much of what is now Pakistan and North India, extending westwards to the Iranian border, south to Gujarat in India and northwards to an outpost in Bactria. There were major urban centers at Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Lothal, Kalibangan, Dholavira and Rakhigarhi. 

Mohenjo-daro was the most advanced city of its time, with remarkably sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning. When the Indus civilization went into sudden decline around 1900 BC, Mohenjo-daro was abandoned.

Artifacts 
The Dancing girl found in Mohenjo-daro is an artifact that is some 4500 years old. The 10.8 cm long bronze statue of the dancing girl was found in 1926 from a house in Mohenjo-daro. She was British archaeologist Mortimer Wheeler's favorite statuette, as he said in this quote from a 1973 television program:

"There is her... pouting lips and insolent look in the eyes. She's about fifteen years old I should think, not more, but she stands there with bangles all the way up her arm and nothing else on. A girl perfectly, for the moment, perfectly confident of herself and the world. There's nothing like her, I think, in the world".

John Marshall, one of the excavators at Mohenjo-daro, described her as a vivid impression of the young ... girl, her hand on her hip in a half-impudent posture, and legs slightly forward as she beats time to the music with her legs and feet.

A seated male sculpture is the so-called "Priest King" (even though there is no evidence that either priests or kings ruled the city). Archaeologists discovered the sculpture in Lower town at Mohenjo-daro in 1927. It was found in an unusual house with ornamental brickwork and a wall niche and was lying between brick foundation walls which once held up a floor.

This bearded sculpture wears a fillet around the head, an armband, and a cloak decorated with trefoil patterns that were originally filled with red pigment.

Notes 

Archaeological sites in Pakistan
World Heritage Sites in Pakistan
Pakistani culture
Harappa () is an archaeological site in Punjab, northeast Pakistan. It is about 35 km (22 miles) southwest of Sahiwal. A village with the same name is located about 6 kilometres from the site. About 15,000 people live there.  

The site got little attention until the 1920s. In 2005, an amusement park scheme was abandoned during the early stages of building work. Harrapa is a beautiful place 

The site contains the ruins of a city from the Bronze Age. The people living in Harappa were part of the Indus Valley Civilization.

Archaeological sites in Pakistan
Villages in Pakistan
World Heritage Sites in Pakistan
Latifabad Taluka is an administrative subdivision (taluka) of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The city of Latifabad is the headquarters of the subdivision

Talukas of Sindh
Mehar Taluka is an administrative subdivision (taluka) of Dadu District in the Sindh province of Pakistan.

Talukas of Sindh
Qasimabad Taluka is an administrative subdivision (taluka) of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan

Talukas of Sindh
Mary is a female given name. It can refer to:

Mary (mother of Jesus)
Mary Magdalene
Mary of Bethany
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary I of England

Given names
ABB Group is a power and automation company based in Zürich, Switzerland. It is one of the world's largest engineering multinationals with operations in around 100 countries. The company has five divisions: Power Products, Power Systems, Discrete Automation & Motion, Low Voltage Products and Process Automation.

Companies of Switzerland
1988 establishments in Europe
1980s establishments in Switzerland
Samaro is a town in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is at 25°16'60N 69°23'45E and has an altitude of 11 metres (39 feet), the town is the headquarters of a taluka (an administrative subdivision) of Mirpur Khas District.

Settlements in Sindh
Mirpur Khas District
Fatehpur Thakiala is one of the three tehsils, (administrative subdivisions), of Kotli District, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is also called Nakyal.

Tehsils of Azad Kashmir
Sibi Tehsil () is a subdivision (tehsil) of Sibi District in the Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Tehsils of Balochistan
Schloss Lenzburg (also known as Lenzburg Castle) is a castle that was started above the older part of the town of Lenzburg in the Canton of Aargau, Switzerland. It is one of the oldest castles in Switzerland.

Castles
The A1 is a major highway in Switzerland. It stretches across the majority of Northern Switzerland, starting relatively close to Geneva and ends at St. Margrethen. It has roughly 86 exits and buildings (these are listed on the table above).

Roads
Transport in Switzerland
Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Dera Ismail Khan District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Administration
The tehsil is administratively divided into 21 Union Councils, four of which form the headquarters - Dera Ismail Khan.

Tehsils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Gojal Tehsil (), also known as Upper Hunza is the largest tehsil of the Gilgit District, Northern Areas of Pakistan, it is north of the Gilgit region and is close to the Chinese border.

Gojal is a network of small and large valleys sharing borders with Hunza in the South, China in the North and East and Afghanistan in the North West. Shishkat is the first village of Gojal. Except for the Shimshal, Misgar and Chipursan valleys, all villages of Gojal can be seen while travelling on the Karakuram Highway.

The Karakorum Highway (KKH) crosses Gojal entering China at the Khunjerab Pass linking Pakistan to China and, in the future, other Central Asian states such as Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan.

Tehsils of Northern Areas (Pakistan)
The vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) is one of two wild South American camelids. The vicuña is the smallest of the camelids. It has had an interesting relationship with humans over time.

General characteristics 
The main colour of the soft, wooly coat (hair) is ochre, light cinnamon, or reddish brown. The lower part of the body, the inside of the legs, and the underside of the head are white. On the chest, at the base of the neck, there is a 'mane' of white hairs. They can be 20-30 cm (8-12 inches) in length. The vicuña is very slender (slim). It has long neck and skinny limbs.  The head is small and wedge shaped. The ears are small and triangular. The incisors (front teeth) of the vicuña are always growing. It is the only even toed-ungulate with teeth that always grow. The enamel is on only one side. This is because of the tough grasses which they eat.

Distribution 
The vicuña lives in grasslands at elevations of 3,500-5,800 meters (11,700-19,300 feet) in the Andes mountains of Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile.

References

Camelids
Mammals of South America
This article is about the orchestral suite by Claude Debussy. For other musical compositions called "Nocturne", see Nocturne.

Nocturnes is a piece of music for orchestra by the French composer Claude Debussy.  There are three movements.  A female chorus also sings in the last movement.  Debussy finished writing "Nocturnes" on  15 December  1899.

The music
The three movements each have a title.  They are:
 I. Nuages ("Clouds")
 II. Fêtes ("Festivals")
 III. Sirènes ("Sirens")

A large portion of Debussy’s music, including his nocturnes, is inspired by the works of the Impressionist painters.  The word nocturne (from the Latin nocturnus) usually describes a piece that is inspired by the night.  However, Debussy's Nocturnes do not follow this patter; rather, they capture the way light is shown in Impressionist paintings.

'Nuages' is about the clouds in the sky and the way they move slowly in grey colours with a little white.

'Fêtes' is a very lively picture of a group of people having a celebration and dancing.  A procession is heard arriving.  The music of the procession gradually gets louder,  mixes with the music of the dancing, then it gradually dies away as the procession disappears into the distance.

'Sirènes' describes the sea and the many rhythms that can be heard when we listen to it.  The moonlight shines on the sea, and the mysterious song of the Sirens is heard as they laugh.

First performances

The Lamoureux Orchestra conducted by Camille Chevillard gave the first performance of Nuages and Fêtes in Paris in 1900, and they played the first performance of all three movements the next year.  Some of the listeners found it hard to understand at first, but today "Nocturnes"  is one of Debussy’s most popular works.

The music lasts for about 22 minutes.

Compositions by Claude Debussy
The Brooklyn Nets are a team in the National Basketball Association in the New York City community of Brooklyn. They play their home games in the, Barclays Center.

The team was founded as the New Jersey Americans in 1967, and played in the American Basketball Association (ABA). After one season in that state, they moved to Long Island, becoming the New York Nets. In 1976, the Nets were one of four ABA teams that joined the NBA, and returned to New Jersey a year later, becoming the New Jersey Nets. After their return to New Jersey, they played on the campus of Rutgers University. In 1981, they moved to East Rutherford, closer to New York City. In 2010, they moved to Newark, and played there until their new Brooklyn arena was built. Once they moved to Brooklyn, they became the Brooklyn Nets.

Home arenas
 
Teaneck Armory (1967–1968)
Long Island Arena (1968–1969)
Island Garden (1969–1971)
Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum (1971–1977)
Louis Brown Athletic Center|Rutgers Athletic Center (1977–1981)
Izod Center|Brendan T. Byrne Arena/Continental Airlines Arena/Izod Center (1981–2011)
Prudential Center (2010-2012)
Barclays Center (2012–present)

High points

Individual awards

NBA Rookie of the Year
 Buck Williams – 1982
 Derrick Coleman – 1991

NBA Executive of the Year
 Rod Thorn – 2002

All-NBA First Team
 Jason Kidd – 2002, 2004

All-NBA Second Team
 Buck Williams – 1983
 Jason Kidd – 2003

All-NBA Third Team
 Dražen Petrović – 1993
 Derrick Coleman – 1993, 1994
 Stephon Marbury – 2000

NBA All-Defensive First Team
 Jason Kidd – 2002, 2006

NBA All-Defensive Second Team
 Buck Williams – 1988
 Jason Kidd – 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007

NBA All-Rookie Team
 Bernard King – 1978
 Buck Williams – 1982
 Derrick Coleman 1991
 Keith Van Horn – 1998
 Kenyon Martin – 2001
 Brook Lopez – 2009

NBA All-Rookie Team|NBA Rookie Second Team
 Chris Morris – 1989
 Kerry Kittles – 1997
 Richard Jefferson – 2002
 Nenad Krstic – 2004
 Marcus Williams – 2007

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
Brooklyn
Sports in New York City
1967 establishments in New York (state)
The Cleveland Cavaliers are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association in Cleveland, Ohio. They began playing in 1970. They play their home games at Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse, originally known as Gund Arena and later as Quicken Loans Arena. They now have one NBA championship won in 2016 with the help of LeBron James.

History
For years, the team had little success, although with players such as Brad Daugherty and Mark Price, they had some success in the late 1980s and early 1990s. They reached the Eastern Conference Finals in 1992, where they lost to Michael Jordan's Chicago Bulls.

In 2003, the Cavaliers won the NBA Draft lottery, and chose LeBron James with the first pick. James became a star, and the Cavaliers reached the NBA Finals for the first time in 2007. However, they lost to the San Antonio Spurs, 4 games to 0. This was the only time that the Cavaliers reached the NBA Finals until 2015

James's contract ran out in 2010, and James decided not to sign another contract with the Cavaliers. Instead, he would play for the Miami Heat where he lead the team to four straight Finals, winning two of them. The Cavaliers were immediately a worse team. At one point during the 2010-2011 season, they lost 26 games in a row. This set a new NBA record for the most games lost in a row.

After the 2013–14 season, James' contract with the Heat ended, and he decided to return to the Cavaliers. The team, which in the meantime had added rising star Kyrie Irving and would soon add another star in Kevin Love, once again became NBA title contenders. Despite Irving and Love being out with injuries, LeBron lead the Cavaliers to a 2-1 lead, but lost the 2015 NBA Finals to the Golden State Warriors in six games, and won a rematch against the Warriors in the 2016 Finals after coming down 3-1 being the first team in the NBA Finals to do so. The championship was the first ever for the Cavaliers, and the first for any major sports team in Cleveland in over 50 years. However, the Cavaliers lost to the Warriors in 2017 and 2018 Finals. James once again left the Cavaliers and joined the Los Angeles Lakers where he won his fourth championship in his second season with the team.

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
Sports in Cleveland, Ohio
1970 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Ohio
The Indiana Pacers are a team in the National Basketball Association in Indianapolis, Indiana. They began playing in the American Basketball Association from 1967 to 1976. The Pacers joined the NBA in 1976. They play their home games at Gainbridge Fieldhouse.

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
Indianapolis, Indiana
1967 establishments in the United States
Fans are a device used for cooling themselves down when they feel hot, especially:
 A machine using an electric motor to rotate vanes in order to move air for cooling.
 A tool whose shape is usually long triangle or semicircle is made of feathers, leaves, paper, cloth, etc. people usually wave it lightly in a hand to create a cooling current of air.

Types of fans
Table Fans: small size, appropriate for personal space, cheap price, economical cooling
Pedestal Fans: height can be changed, provide powerful air
Window Fans: save space, bring in fresh air
Wall Mount Fans: save space, offer more air, suit for industrial environment 
Floor Fans: offer more air, save space, suit for offices and warehouses
Tower Fans: small space, vertical shape, quiet
Ceiling Fans: on the ceiling, have a lot of styles to match room's decoration
Box Fans: flexible, suit for various need of rooms
Misting Fans: suit for outside areas
Industrial Fans and Blowers: made of durable metal or steel
Decorative Fans: has a lot of different styles
Bathroom Exhaust Fans: used in bathroom, prevent from excess moisture
Bladeless fans have no visible blades. They are not actually bladeless, the blades are hidden in the base of the fan.

Origin of fans
The fans making history are at least 3000 years, and the earliest fans can date from 3000 BC according to the record. Fans originated in China. The first European folding fans were brought into Europe by businessman and religious orders from China, and they are considered as a status symbol in Europe then.

References

Machines
The Washington Wizards are a team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in Washington, D.C. at the Verizon Center. They were known as the Washington Bullets from 1974–1997 and were formed as the Chicago Packers in 1961. Michael Jordan came out of his second retirement to play with the Washington Wizards from 2001–02 and was the Wizards' president of basketball operations from 2001 - 2003 until he was fired by Wizards' majority owner Abe Pollin.

History
The team won an NBA Championship in 1978 over the Seattle SuperSonics. Wes Unseld was the Most Valuable Player of the NBA Finals.

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
The Orlando Magic are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association in Orlando, Florida. They began playing in 1989. They play their home games at the Amway Center. They are the only team in the "big four" sports leagues to be based in Orlando. Steve Clifford is the current owner of the team.

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
Sports in Orlando, Florida
Richard DeVos
1989 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Florida
The Charlotte Hornets are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in Charlotte, North Carolina. They play their home games at the Spectrum Center. Most of the team is owned by Michael Jordan, who was a star player for the Chicago Bulls in the 1980s and 1990s. The team started playing in 2004 as the Charlotte Bobcats, and was the second NBA team to play in Charlotte (the New Orleans Pelicans had played in Charlotte as the Hornets from 1988 to 2002). In 2010, the Bobcats made the playoffs for the first time.

After the New Orleans Hornets renamed themselves the Pelicans in 2013, they gave the "Hornets" name back to the NBA. The Bobcats soon announced they would rename themselves the Hornets beginning with the 2014–15 NBA season, and the name change became official on May 20, 2014.

At the time of the change to "Hornets", the team also said that it had reached a deal with the NBA and the Pelicans to split the Pelicans' history and records between the two teams:
Records from the first Charlotte Hornets while in that city (1988 to 2002) belong to the current Hornets.
Records from the first Hornets' move to New Orleans in 2002 until that team's name change to Pelicans in 2013 belong to the Pelicans.

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
Sports in Charlotte, North Carolina
2004 establishments in North Carolina
The Denver Nuggets are a team in the National Basketball Association in Denver, Colorado. They play their home games at Ball Arena, formerly known as Pepsi Center. Carmelo Anthony, Allen Iverson, and Nenê also used to play for them. Current stars include Nikola Jokić and Jamal Murray.

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
Sports in Denver, Colorado
The Memphis Grizzlies are a team in the National Basketball Association. They play their home games at the FedExForum in Memphis, Tennessee.

In 1995, the team began playing in the NBA. The team was then in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and was called the Vancouver Grizzlies. In 2001, the Grizzlies moved to Memphis because the previous owner Orca Bay Sports and Entertainment started losing money on the franchise due to low attendance and a weak Canadian dollar.

References

Other websites 
 

National Basketball Association teams
Memphis, Tennessee
2001 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Tennessee
The Los Angeles Clippers are a team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). They play their home games in the Crypto.com Arena in Los Angeles, California. The Los Angeles Lakers also play their home games in the Staples Center.

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
Sports in Los Angeles
1970 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in California
The Olympic Flame or Olympic Torch is a symbol of the Olympic Games. A committee plans the route that it goes through, which ends at the city where the event is being hosted. Sometimes people use the torch route to make a point.  During the 2008 Olympic torch relay to Beijing, people talked about and held signs that were against China's human rights record and signs that said Tibet was not a part of China.

References

Other websites 
 IOC brochure on the history of Olympic Flame (1 MB PDF) 
 Olympic torch technology

Olympic Games
Freedom of assembly and freedom of association, is the right  to join together with others peacefully to reach common goals and express common opinions, both in public and in private. This usually includes business groups (or corporation), civic organizations, labor unions, political parties, and protest groups.

Restrictions
Freedom of assemble does not mean that any group can come together for any purpose. Some governments prohibit militias, or groups of people outside the military that gather weapons and train soldiers, from demonstrating in public with their weapons to cause violence and a disturbance.

Protection
Many developed nations protect the freedom of assembly. Many have passed laws or constitutional amendments ensuring that people will be able to freely assemble. These include:
 Canada - Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which is Part I of the Constitution of Canada
 France - article 431-1 of the Nouveau Code Pénal
 Hong Kong - Basic Law Section 27
 Article 27 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran 
 Republic of Ireland - Guaranteed by Article 40.6.1 of the Constitution of Ireland
 Turkey - article 33 and 34 of the Constitution of Turkey guarantee the freedom of association and assembly.
 United States - First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States
 United Nations - Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 20 and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 21.

References

Freedom
Parliamentary procedure is a commonly accepted way in which a group of people work together to discuss and make decisions.  It is a set of rules for meetings.

History
The term gets its name from its use in the Parliamentary system of government.

In the 16th century, there were rules of order in the early British Parliaments.  In the 1560s, Sir Thomas Smith published a book about the procedures in the House of Commons in 1583.<ref name="britannica">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/444328/parliamentary-procedure "Parliamentary procedure" at Encyclopedia Britannica]; retrieved 2013-1-11.</ref>  Early rules included
 One subject should be discussed at a time (adopted 1581)
 Personal attacks are to be avoided in debate (1604)
 Debate must be limited to the merits of the question (1610)
 Division of a question when some seem to be for one part but not the other (1640)

Westminster procedures
The Westminster parliamentary procedures are followed in several Commonwealth countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, and South Africa.  In Canada, for example, Parliament uses [House of Commons Procedure and Practice as its primary procedural authority.

American procedures 
The rules of the United States Congress were developed from the parliamentary procedures used in Britain. Variations of the American parliamentary procedures are followed in many nations, including Indonesia, the Phillipines, Mexico and South Korea.

Other
In contrast, the procedures of the Diet of Japan have moved away from the British parliamentary model.  After the end of World War II, there were efforts to bring Japanese parliamentary procedures more in line with American congressional practices. In Japan, informal negotiations are more important than formal procedures.

Robert's Rules
In the US, the most widely used set of rules is Robert's Rules of Order''.

Related pages
 Filibuster

References

Other websites
  "Parliamentary Procedure" (UK)
"Parliamentary Procedure" (Canada)
  "Powers, practice and procedure" (Australia)
 Mason's Manual at National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)
National Association of Parliamentarians (NAP)

Politics
Law
Systems
A militia is a group of people not in the military who do many things that the military does.  This includes collecting weapons, training soldiers, defending people or land, policing an area.  Militias are often made up of veterans who were once in the military.  

Some militias are organized by a government, like the United States National Guard.  This is a group of state militias who help with wars, natural disasters and other emergencies.  Others are not connected to a government, and may even be illegal. One common definition of a militia includes all men who are able to serve as soldiers.

At the beginning in the late 20th century, some militias acted as professional forces, while still being "part-time" or "on-call" organizations. 

Military
Wine is a piece of software which lets Unix-like computer operating systems on the x86 and x86-64 architectures to execute programs written for Microsoft Windows. Wine runs Windows programs without using emulation. Wine also provides a software library known as Winelib which developers can compile Windows applications against to help port them to Unix-like systems. Some Wine code is used in ReactOS, a free operating system that is Windows-compatible and is not based on Unix.

The Wine developers released version 1.0 of Wine, after 15 years of development, on June 17 2008. 
Wine is free software, released under terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).

References

Other websites
 
 Wine newsgroup (Google web interface)
 Jeremy White's Wine Answers - Slashdot interview with Jeremy White of CodeWeavers
 Jeremy White interview on the "Mad Penguin" web-site
 Appointment of the Software Freedom Law Center as legal counsel to represent the Wine project
 Wine  on Freshmeat
 Wine: Where it came from, how to use it, where it's going a work by Dan Kegel

Free software
1993
Art rock (also sometimes called progressive rock or classical rock) is a sub-genre of rock music that has "experimental influences". It tries to make rock music into art instead of just entertainment. It often uses longer songs than other genres of rock. It uses different techniques such as elements (parts) of classical music. It is not usually music to dance to, but music to just listen to. It started in the 1960s. Phil Spector (an American music producer) and Brian Wilson (the leader of The Beach Boys) are two early examples of musicians making art rock. The genre was popular with British bands at the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s.

Relationship with progressive rock
Art rock is often the same as progressive rock, especially for bands in the 1970s. Allmusic says that progressive rock and art rock are almost the same; both describe rock music that is more artistic. The term "Progressive rock" became more popular to talk of the genre of rock music. Art rock is often to describe bands that are harder to define.

Princeton University's Wordnet dictionary says that "progressive rock, art rock" are "a style of rock music that [came out] in the 1970s; associated with attempts to [mix] rock with jazz and other forms." It also says that it is meant "for listening and not dancing".

Examples of art rock bands
Examples include Queen, King Crimson, The Who, Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, David Bowie, The Velvet Underground, The Beatles, Genesis, 10cc and Yes.

References

Rock music
The MIT License is a free software license that was created at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It is a permissive license, meaning that it allows programmers to put the code in proprietary software on the condition that the license is given with that software, and GPL-compatible, meaning that the GPL permits programmers to combine and redistribute it with software that uses the MIT License.

According to the Free Software Foundation, the MIT License is more accurately called the X11 license, since MIT has used many licenses for software and the license was first written for the X Window System.

Software that use the MIT License include Expat, PuTTY, Mono development platform class libraries, Ruby on Rails, Cakephp, Twisted, Lua 5.0 onwards and the X Window System, which the license was written for.

Some software are dual licensed under the MIT License, such as older versions of the cURL library, which allowed recipients to choose either the Mozilla Public License or the MIT License.

License 
This is the license:

Copyright (c) <year> <copyright holders>

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.

Related pages
 List of software licenses

References

Other websites 
 The MIT License template
 The X Window System Trap by Richard Stallman

Software licences
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Blender is an American music magazine that self-identifies as "the ultimate guide to music and more." It is also known for sometimes having pictures of female celebrities that shows them with a lot of their body uncovered. It puts together lists of albums, artists, and songs, including both "best of" lists and "worst of" lists. In each issue, there is a review of an artist's entire discography, with a review of each album. The magazine teamed up with VH1 to create the "50 Most Awesomely Bad Songs".

Blender is published by Dennis Publishing. The magazine was started in 1994 as the first digital CD-ROM magazine by Jason Pearson, David Cherry & Regina Joseph, acquired by Felix Dennis/Dennis Publishing, UK. It published 15 digital CD issues, and launched on the web in 1997. It started publishing a print edition again in 1999 in the same form that it does today. Blender CD-ROM showcased the earliest digital editorial (paper) formats, as well as the first forms of digital advertising. The first digital advertisers included: Calvin Klein, Apple Computer, Toyota and Nike.

References

Other websites 
 Official Blender website

Music magazines
American magazines
Progressive metal (often called prog metal) is a sub-genre of heavy metal music that mixes the powerful, guitar-driven sound of metal with the complexity of progressive rock, which includes odd time signatures and complicated instrumental playing. Some progressive metal bands are also influenced by jazz fusion and classical music. Like progressive rock songs, progressive metal songs are usually much longer than other metal songs, and they are often themed in concept albums. As a result, progressive metal is rarely heard on mainstream radio and video programs.

History 
The origins of progressive metal started with progressive rock bands from the late 1960s and early to mid-1970s such as Yes, Pink Floyd, Jethro Tull, King Crimson, Genesis, Kansas and Rush. However, progressive metal did not evolve into a genre of its own until the mid-1980s. Bands such as Queensrÿche, Fates Warning and Dream Theater took certain aspects of progressive rock music and mixed them with heavy metal styles.

Related pages
 Progressive rock
 Heavy metal

References 

Heavy metal subgenres
Così fan tutte, ossia La scuola degli amanti (Women are like that, or The school for lovers) is an opera buffa with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and an Italina libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte. Così premiered at the Burgtheater in Vienna on 26 January 1790. 

Legend says the opera was based on a real-life incident that occurred in Vienna. In the 19th century, the opera was considered somewhat naughty, and was rarely performed. Modern critics however believe that the music is some of Mozart's finest, and the opera is now frequently performed around the world.

Cast
 Fiordiligi (soprano), Dorabella's sister and Guglielmo's lover
 Dorabella (soprano), Fiordiligi's sister and Ferrando's lover
 Despina (soprano), maid to Fiordiligi and Dorabella
 Ferrando (tenor), a soldier and Dorabella's lover
 Guglielmo (bass), a soldier and Fiordiligi's lover
 Don Alfonso (bass), a cynical bachelor

Story
The opera is set in Naples in the 18th century. Don Alfonso wagers two young soldiers that their sweethearts will prove unfaithful if given the chance. The men accept the bet. They tell their sweethearts that they have been called to the front and leave Naples.

They return however as turban-clad, moustache-wearing "Albanians" to woo each other's sweetheart. With the conniving of Despina, the two sisters consent to marry the foreigners. At the last moment, the men remove their disguises, and rebuke their faithless sweethearts.
 

Compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1790s operas
1790
The University of York is a research-intensive university in the city of York, England. York University began in 1963, and has more than 30 departments and centres, covering many subjects.

Despite its relatively young age, the university has a big reputation. York has been named the 8th best "young university" in the world, and first in the UK, building a "reputation to rival Oxford and Cambridge".

The university is among the top 10 in the country, top 20 universities in Europe, and ranked 96th in the world, according to the 2011 QS World University Rankings. This places York in the top 1% of all higher education institutions across the globe.

In the last Research Assessment Exercise in 2008, York was also named as the 8th best research institution in the United Kingdom. The university was named Sunday Times university of the year in 2003 and Times Higher Education university of the year in 2010. In 2012, The University of York was invited to join the Russell Group in recognition of the institution's world-leading research and outstanding teaching.

References

Other websites

University of York – official website
University of York Students' Union ("YUSU")
University of York LGBT Website 

York
York
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (14 September 1486 – 18 February 1535) was a German occult writer, astrologer, and alchemist.

His life 
Agrippa was born in Cologne in 1486. In 1512, he taught at the University of Dole in France.

In 1510, he studied briefly with Johannes Trithemius.

During this part of his life in Germany, France and Italy, he worked as a theologian, physician, legal expert and soldier.

He was for some time in the service of Maximilian I.

According to his student Johann Weyer, in the book De praestigiis daemonum, Agrippa died in Grenoble, in 1535.

Partial works 
 De occulta philosophia libri tres. Ed. Vittoria Perrone Compagni. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 1992: .
 Three Books Of Occult Philosophy. Trans. J. F. Edited by Donald Tyson. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn, 1993: .
 Declamation on the Nobility and Preeminence of the Female Sex. Trans. Albert Rabil, Jr. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996: 

1486 births
1535 deaths
Astrologers
German esotericists
Occultists
People from Cologne
Writers from North Rhine-Westphalia