cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a regional development bank established on 19 December 1966, which is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The company also maintains 31 field offices around the world to promote social and economic development in Asia. The bank admits the members of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP, formerly the Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East or ECAFE) and non-regional developed countries. From 31 members at its establishment, ADB now has 68 members.

The ADB was modeled closely on the World Bank, and has a similar weighted voting system where votes are distributed in proportion with members' capital subscriptions. ADB releases an annual report that summarizes its operations, budget and other materials for review by the public. The ADB-Japan Scholarship Program (ADB-JSP) enrolls about 300 students annually in academic institutions located in 10 countries within the Region. Upon completion of their study programs, scholars are expected to contribute to the economic and social development of their home countries.

ADB is an official United Nations Observer.

As of 31 December 2018, Japan and the United States each holds the largest proportion of shares at 15.571%. China holds 6.429%, India holds 6.317%, and Australia holds 5.773%.

 

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a regional development bank established on 22 August 1966 to facilitate economic development of countries in Asia.  The President of the Asian Development Bank is Abhist Vejjajiva

References

Banks of Asia
1966 establishments in Asia
San Bernardino is a city in San Bernardino County, California.  It is one of the main cities in Southern California's Inland Empire region east of Los Angeles. It has a population of 209,924.

San Bernardino has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa in the Koeppen climate classification).

On 2 December 2015, 14 people were killed in a mass shooting.

References

1869 establishments in California
County seats in California
Barrow-in-Furness is a town in south Cumbria (England), connected by the A590 road. The old town and seaport form about half of the modern Borough of Barrow-in-Furness.

Before 1 April 1974, Barrow was in Lancashire.

Other websites
Borough of Barrow-in-Furness Council

Ports and harbours of the United Kingdom
Towns in Cumbria
Hartlepool is a town near the A689 road in County Durham, England.

The Hartlepool monkey
There is a legend that during the Napoleonic Wars, a French ship was wrecked off the coast near Hartlepool. The captain's pet, a monkey, was washed ashore. The people from Hartlepool thought it was a person and tried to ask it questions. When they were unable to understand the monkey they assumed it was a French spy. A trial was held on the beach and the monkey was sentenced to death and hanged. This event is remembered in several songs. The local football team, Hartlepool United F.C., used to greeted with cries of "Who hung the monkey?". Their mascot is a monkey called "H'Angus the Monkey". The rugby football team, the Hartlepool Rovers, are known as the Monkeyhangers.

References

Other websites
 

Hartlepool
An ode is a type of lyric poem.  The word comes from the Ancient Greek.  An ode is a poem which is written in praise of something or someone, saying how wonderful they are. 

Very often an ode will have the title "Ode to..." followed by the name of the thing or person that it describes, e.g. John Keats wrote a poem "Ode to a Nightingale".

Odes were written by the poets of Ancient Greece as well as by the Romans.  Horace was particularly famous for his odes, and many English odes written centuries later were based on Horace's lyrical verses.

Poets who wrote odes 
  John Keats
  Samuel Taylor Coleridge
  William Wordsworth
  Percy Bysshe Shelley
  Edmund Spenser
  Pablo Neruda
  Horace
  Ovid
  Sappho

Poetry forms
Writing
Newton Abbot is a town near the A380 road, in Teignbridge, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 23,580 people living in Newton Abbot.

References 

Towns in Devon
A prosthesis is a device made to replace a missing human body part. They are used by people who are missing body parts due to accidents, health problems (amputees) or being born without them. Originally, prostheses were simply pieces of wood (for example, wooden legs), but now they are made of lighter materials.  

Currently available prostheses can help return mobility to those with transtibial (below the knee), transfemoral (above the knee), transradial (below the elbow), and transhumeral (above the elbow) amputations. There is still much research to be done before artificial limbs can function with the same versatility as a natural limb; as a result many of the currently available prosthetic limbs are tailored to a specific activity or need.

In sports 
In Para-alpine skiing, the device needs to be made to work like an ankle because the way the ankle moves is very important in skiing.  The device for skiing is only used in skiing.  People use other prostheses when they are not skiing.

Prosthetic arms can be designed for climbing as well. Private Jaco Van Gass, an amputee veteran, designed a special prosthetic arm with a built in ice pick that he would use to climb Mount Everest. It also includes a battery pack and heat patch to keep his stump warm. 

Olympic sprinter Oscar Pistorius also had prostheses designs specifically for spot. He used carbon fiber running blades that, some argue, give an advantage over natural legs.

Underlying Mechanisms 
A traditional prosthetic limb consists of three main components: a socket, an attachment mechanism, and a control system.

The socket is the part of the prosthetic that attaches to the users natural body. A precise fit is extremely important to the function of the limb, so typically molds are taken of a patient’s residual limb to ensure the fit is ideal. If it does not fit correctly, the socket could cause severe tissue damage to the patient. 

The attachment mechanism is a means of securely anchoring the limb in a way that is both comfortable and easy for the user to control. The attachment mechanism may work by tension (straps) or even merely by suction between the socket and the limb. 

The control system varies greatly from limb to limb. Some are controlled entirely by the user’s motion; he or she learns to balance on it. In other cases, cables are pulled to cause a limb to bend in the desired direction. 

Today, the most promising control system is the myoelectric signal. This technology is allowing for thought-controlled prosthetics to be developed.

References

Other websites

Limbs and extremities
Disability
Bionics
Thetford is a town near the A11 road, in Breckland District, Norfolk, England.

Breckland
Towns in Norfolk
A dormitory, also known as dorm, is a residence hall consisting of sleeping quarters or entire buildings primarily providing sleeping and residential quarters for large numbers of people, often in boarding.

Rooms
Annie Edson Taylor (October 24, 1838 – April 29, 1921) was an American school-teacher and adventurer.  She was the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel without dying.  She did this on her 63rd birthday, October 24, 1901.

References 

 Women of Bay County, Joan Totten Musinski Rezmer (ed.). Bay County Historical Society: Bay City, Michigan, 1980.
 Queen of the Falls, Chris Van Allsburg. Houghton Mifflin Books for Children.

1838 births
1921 deaths
People from New York
Redcar is a town near Middlesbrough in North Yorkshire, England.

 
 
Towns in North Yorkshire
Whitehaven is a town on the A595 road in Cumbria, England. Whitehaven was Built on shipping and mining, but these have now declined.

References 

Towns in Cumbria
Okehampton is an old market town on Dartmoor near the A30 road in West Devon, England. In 2001, there were 5,846 people living in Okehampton. Okehampton is the ideal place to explore Dartmoor with the highest Tor on Dartmoor (Yes Tor) being a short distance from the town. 

Heritage railway services are operated from Okehampton railway station. The station was formerly on the Southern Railway main line from Exeter to Padstow.

References 

Towns in Devon
West Devon
Wadebridge is a town on the A39 road in Cornwall, England. In 2001 there were 6,351 people living in Wadebridge. The town is situated on the south bank of the River Camel a few miles inland from the north coast of Cornwall. It is well known for the road bridge across the river which was built to replace the dangerous ford in the Middle Ages.

The showground for the Royal Cornwall Show is near Wadebridge.

References 
 

Towns in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Falmouth (meaning mouth of the River Fal) is a town on the south coast of Cornwall. The A39 road links Falmouth with North Devon. In 2001 there were 20,775 people living in Falmouth. Falmouth harbour is a large natural harbour and Carrick Roads are nearby. Carrick Roads are the estuary of the River Fal.

The MP for Falmouth is Sarah Newton, a Tory. The school there is Falmouth School.

References 
 

Towns in Cornwall
Ports and harbours of the United Kingdom
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Warwick is a town near in Warwickshire, England. In 2011 there were 31,345 people living in Warwick. It is most famous for its castle and many of the buildings in the town centre are very old, some from the 11th century. A market is held each Saturday which has been going for hundreds of years. It also has a large and impressive church and a racecourse which is often seen on television. The town next to it is called Leamington Spa and the nearest city is Coventry. It has two train stations and is near a major motorway linking Birmingham and London.

References 

Towns in Warwickshire
Carnforth is a town near the M6 motorway in Lancashire, England. In 2001 there were 5,350 people living in Carnforth.

References 

Towns in Lancashire
Blandford Forum is a historic Georgian town in Dorset, England. In 2001 there were 8,745 people living in Blandford Forum.  There is a church in the centre of the town. It is on the River Stour.

There are three Primary Schools:  Archbishiopwake Primary School, Milldown Primary and Blandford St Mary.  There is also a Secondary School called The Blandford School.

Town Centre 
There is a large well known brewery Hall and Woodhouse who also own the Crown Hotel.

Facilities 
There is a leisure centre which has a 25m pool and children's water slide.  A sauna and steam room are next to the pool.  There is also a fully equipped gym and a cafe.

Events 
The famous annual Steam Fair is held nearby in Tarrant Hinton. and Blandford Forum is host to the rock festival every year, called Teddy Rocks which is charitable event to raise money for cancer awareness.

Annually there is a Georgian Fayre in the town centre and also a Yuletide Festival.  The Blandford Carnival is well known celebration of the local community.

References 

Towns in Dorset
Attleborough is a town near the A11 road in Breckland District, Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 9,702 people living in Attleborough.

References 

Breckland
Towns in Norfolk
Tyldesley is a village in Greater Manchester, England. Tyldesley has a library.

References 

Settlements in Greater Manchester
Villages in England
The Afrotropic is one of the Earth's eight ecozones. The zone was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone.

The zone includes Africa south of the Sahara, the southern and eastern parts of the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, southern Iran, extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. Almost all this land was part of the ancient southern supercontinent of Gondwana, which started to break up 150 million years ago.

Major ecological regions
Because Africa is a very large continent, and runs north/south acrsoss the equator, the zone has many different climates and habitats.

Most of the Afrotropic, has a tropical climate. A broad belt of deserts separate the Afrotropic from the Palearctic ecozone, which includes northern Africa and temperate Eurasia.

Sahel and Sudan
South of the Sahara, two belts of tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands run east and west across the continent, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ethiopian Highlands. 

Immediately south of the Sahara lies the Sahel belt, a transitional zone of semi-arid short grassland and Acacia savanna. 

Rainfall increases further south in the Sudan, a belt of taller grasslands and savannas. The Sudanian savanna is home to two great flooded grasslands and savannas, the Sudd wetland in the Sudan, and the Niger Inland Delta in Mali.

Southern Arabian woodlands
South Arabia, mostly Yemen and parts of western Oman and southwest Saudi Arabia, has few permanent forests. Otherwise woodlands scatter the land and are very small Juniper or Acacia forests.

Forest zone
A belt of lowland tropical moist broadleaf forests, runs across most of equatorial Africa. 

The largest tropical forest zone in Africa are the forests of the Congo Basin in Central Africa. A belt of tropical moist broadleaf forest also runs along the Indian Ocean coast, from southern Somalia to South Africa.

East Africa
The Great Rift Valley gives East Africa its unique mix of deep lakes, highlands, volcanoes and grassland.

 Acacia-Commiphora grasslands
 Serengeti
 Lake Victoria
 Ngorongoro
 Olduvai Gorge

Southern African 
Woodlands, savannas, grasslands and desert.
 Namib Desert
 Kalahari Desert

Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands 
Madagascar and neighboring islands form a distinctive sub-region of the ecozone, with numerous endemic taxa like the lemurs. 

Madagascar and the Seychelles are not part of Africa, and that explains why the advanced primates of Africa (monkeys, apes) are not found in Madagascar. This is because Madagascar has not been connected to Africa since the break-up of Gondwana. Lemurs are found occupying more or less the same ecological niches as monkeys do in Africa.

Other Indian ocean islands, like the Comoros and Mascarene Islands, are volcanic islands that formed more recently. Madagascar contains several important biospheres: its biodiversity and numbers of unique species is high.
 Madagascar dry deciduous forests
 Madagascar spiny thickets
 Eastern Madagascar lowland rainforests

Ecozones
The radiated tortoise is a type of tortoise. It has vibrant yellow streaks down its bumpy black shell.  It lives in southern and hotter parts of Madagascar. It can stay alive up to about 50 years in the wild and about 100 years in captivity.

Description 
The radiated tortoise has a black patch on its head.  Its scaly legs are yellow.  Its shell is its most impressive feature.  The shell is black and bumpy with a pattern of yellow stripes on it.  The radiated tortoise can weigh up to 35 lbs.

Diet
The radiated tortoise likes to use the same food source many times before choosing a new one.  They eat seeds, fruit, succulent plants and shrubs.  They get their water from water pools on rocks.  It is very hot so they have to stay hydrated.

References

 
 

Turtles
The Australasian zone is an ecological region which fits the geographic region of Australasia. That means Australia, New Guinea and neighbouring islands. The northern boundary is the Wallace Line. 

The ecozone includes Australia, the island of New Guinea (including Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua). 

The smaller islands include the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago, including the island of Sulawesi, the Moluccan islands (the Indonesian provinces of Maluku and North Maluku) and islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Timor, often known as the Lesser Sundas.  

The Australasian ecozone also includes several Pacific island groups, including the Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia. New Zealand and its surrounding islands are a distinctive sub-region of the Australasian ecozone.  The rest of Indonesia is part of the Indomalayan ecozone. 

The Australasian continental plate was once attached to Antarctica as part of the Gondwana supercontinent. The peculiarity of its flora and fauna is due to its long separation from the rest of the world. Apart from some birds, and until recent introductions by man, the native life had been undisturbed by invasions. The ecozone has the only two living monotremes, and has no native eutherian mammals. 

Almost all its native mammals (except the two monotremes) are marsupials. The indisputable remains of Australian placental mammals started from the Miocene, when Australia moved closer to Indonesia. After 15 million years ago (mya) bats appeared in the fossil record, and after 5-10 mya rodents did, and 1 mya rats arrived. This information is based on the fossil record. Several thousand years ago, man brought the dingo, and 200 years ago many more species. This information applies to Australia. The fauna of New Zealand, and the Pacific islands shows a different pattern. There the migrations from the Indomalayan ecozone mostly did not arrive.

Alfred Russell Wallace found the dividing line between the Australasian ecozone and the rest of the world. It runs between the islands of Lombok (Australasia) and Bali (Indomalaya).

Related pages 
Australasia
Gondwana
Biogeography
Wallace Line
Animals of New Zealand

References 

Ecozones
Australasia
Vanuatu
A Dog of Flanders was written in 1872 by English author Marie Louise de la Ramée.  It is about a dog named Patrasche who ends up living with an artist named Nello and his grandfather, Jeehan Daas.  

Several movies and TV series have been made based on this book. Among them are:
 A Dog of Flanders (1959 movie)
 A Dog of Flanders (1999 movie)

1870s books
Books about dogs
Novels
Eczema (from Greek ēkzema, "to boil over") is a form of dermatitis, or inflammation of the epidermis. The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin.

Eczema is a skin disease that makes your skin dry with a red or pink color to it. It becomes irritated very easily. The person's skin may start to fall off. The person may get a rash, and skin may ooze fluids (liquid will come out from the area). If a person has eczema, the person's skin might itch and turn a lighter color in the area. Eczema is common in creases of the body (i.e. on the backs of knees, on your eyelids, in between your fingers). It worsens with extreme temperatures, so it is most common during the winter and the summer. The extreme heat can make you sweat which will irritate the dry spots. The extreme cold will dry your skin out even more. It also can become irritated from a quick change in temperature. For example, if you are outside on a summer day and come into the air conditioning. 

Eczema can last for a most of a person's life, but there is a good chance you will out grow it before you are eighteen. If you do not outgrow it by the age of eighteen, the odds that you will have it for the rest of your life increase. The good thing is, even if you do not outgrow it symptoms usually lessen the older you are. The worst breakouts are usually when you are very young. Some babies are born with eczema and deal with it a lot during their first years of life. 

There are three different kinds of eczema: atopic, contact dermatitis, and neurodermatitis. No kind of Eczema is contagious. If a person's relatives have Eczema, that person is more likely to have it, too. For example, if your father grew up having eczema there is a high likelihood you will have it during your lifetime. 

There are some foods or medicines that can start eczema. A lot of children who are sensitive to dairy or gluten will find this leads to eczema flare ups. Also, if you have an allergic reaction to a food this can cause hives which can sometimes turn into an eczema irritation spot. 

There are medicines that can help eczema hurt less. There is a medicine called hydroxyzine that is commonly used to treat it. This prevents people from itching their eczema during their sleep. There is also a new product on the market called Dupixent. This is an injection one must give to themselves once every other week. It helps to lessen the dry skin and rashes that come with eczema. 

Eczema can also be treated with lotions and ointments. It can be treated with over the counter lotions such as Eucerin, Cera Ve, or a cortisone ointment. There are also prescription steroid creams that will help the eczema spots. These are typically just stronger cortisone ointments. Also, using Aquaphor on very dry spots can help them from drying out further. In some extreme cases, people might find it necessary to receive an oral steroid or steroid shot to lessen their irritation.  Bathing with hot water will make Eczema rashes worse.

References

Diseases
Skin
John Payne (May 28, 1912 – December 6, 1989) was an American actor and singer.

Career 
John Payne began his career playing a small role in the William Wyler movie Dodsworth (1936). In 1938 he got a role in the comedy College Swing, directed by Raoul Walsh. He appeared on Broadway from 1935 to 1939. His first starring role was playing a boxer Steve Nelson in Kid Nightingale (1939), directed by George Amy. John Payne work with Randolph Scott and Maureen O'Hara in the war movie To the Shores of Tripoli (1942), directed by H. Bruce Humberstone. 

In 1946 he got the role co-starring in Miracle on 34th Street (1947), directed by George Seaton. Another great movie starring Payne was Kansas City Confidential (1952), directed by Phil Karlson. In this movie Payne plays an ex-convict trying to become a part of society who people think robbed many armored car. 

He has also been a regular performer in Westerns movies El Paso (1949), The Eagle and the Hawk (1950) and Passage West (1951) directed by Lewis R. Foster, The Vanquished (1953), directed by Edward Ludwig, Silver Lode (1954), directed by Allan Dwan, Rails Into Laramie (1954) directed by Jesse Hibbs, Santa Fe Passage (1955) directed by William Witney, The Road to Denver (1955), directed by Joseph Kane, Tennessee's Partner (1955), where he worked with Ronald Reagan, directed by Allan Dwan, and Rebel in Town (1956) by Alfred L. Werker.

Television 
John Payne also had success in television. He was the star of western The Restless Gun. It was a television series broadcast on NBC between 1957 and 1959, Payne starred as Vint Bonner, a lone cowboy and former Confederate soldier. He also made appearances in Zane Grey Theater (1957), The Dick Powell Show (1962), The Name of the Game (1968), Gunsmoke (1970), Cade's County (1971), and Columbo (1975).

References 
Best Western Movies: Winning Pictures, Favorite Films and Hollywood B Entries, by John Howard Reid
Movie Mystery & Suspense, by John Howard Reid

Other websites 
 

 John Payne in Lux Radio Theater: Miracle on 34th Street (1948)  (Downloadable mp3 and streaming audio)

1912 births
1989 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Singers from Virginia
Actors from Virginia
People from Roanoke, Virginia
Another Perfect Day is the sixth album by the British heavy metal band Motörhead. The album was released in 1983 and reached number 20 in the UK charts.

Track listing 

1983 albums
Heavy metal albums
Newcastle Waters is a small settlement near the Stuart Highway in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is 777 km north of Alice Springs and 705 km south of Darwin. It is inside Newcastle Waters station, a large cattle station with over 45,000 head of cattle. The station covers 10,353 square kilometers. The nearest petrol station and accommodation is found 23 kilometres (14 miles) south at Elliott.

Newcastle Waters was named by the explorer, John McDouall Stuart in 1861. He named it after the Duke of Newcastle. The waterhole Stuart discovered is now called the Longreach Hole. When the Australian Overland Telegraph Line was built, a relay station was built at Newcastle Waters in 1870. The cattle station was set up in 1883. In 1930 the government set aside an area of the station for a town site. It was an important stop for moving cattle herds through the Northern Territory. However in the 1960's as cattle were moved by trucks, the town was abandoned. The buildings in the town are now in poor condition.

References

Other websites
 The Age Newcastle Waters 

Towns in the Northern Territory
1870 establishments
1870s establishments in Australia
The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank is the central bank of a group of six independent Caribbean nations, namely:
 Antigua and Barbuda,
 Grenada,
 Saint Kitts and Nevis,
 Commonwealth of Dominica,
 Saint Lucia,
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,
and 2 British overseas territories
 Anguilla,
 Montserrat.

It was set up in October 1983 in order to keep the East Caribbean dollar (EC$) stable, to regulate the banking system and to help the balanced growth and development of member states. Its headquarters are in Basseterre, on the island of St. Kitts.

All of the ECCB members are also a part of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS).

Related pages
East Caribbean dollar
Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange

Other websites
 Eastern Caribbean Central Bank Web site 

Central banks
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Caribbean
1983 establishments in North America
Banks of North America
Westerfield is a railway station in Westerfield Suffolk, England. The station is a junction of the Felixstowe Branch Line to Felixstowe, and the East Suffolk Line to Lowestoft. The station is 6 km (3½ miles) east of Ipswich. Westerfield is a small village north of Ipswich and the station is situated on the south side of the village. As a result patronage has never been high and it might be the fact because the location is a junction that has been partly responsible for keeping it open.

Other websites 

Railway stations in Suffolk
Railway stations served by National Express East Anglia
Not to be confused with the Caribbean Court of Justice.
The Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is a higher court for the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), including six independent states: Antigua and Barbuda, the Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and three British Overseas Territories (Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, and Montserrat). It has unlimited jurisdiction in each member State.

History
The ECSC was set up in 1967 by the West Indies Associated States Supreme Court Order No. 223 of 1967. In Grenada, the Court is called "the Supreme Court of Grenada and the West Indies Associated States". See section 105 of the Grenada Constitution.

Functions
The functions of the ECSC are as follows:
 To interpret and apply the laws of the various member states of the OECS;
 To decide cases of both civil and criminal matters;
 To hear appeals.

Composition

Location
The Headquarters of the ECSC is in the Heraldine Rock Building, Waterfront, Castries, Saint Lucia. The building houses the Justices of Appeal’s chambers, the Court of Appeal Registry, the Judicial Education Institute, Library, and the Administrative Services.

Also, there are Court Offices in the nine Member States, which house the chambers of the High Court Judges and the offices of the High Court Registry. Each High Court Registry is headed by a legally trained Registrar to give administrative and legal support for the working of the High Court.

Related pages
Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC)
Caribbean Court of Justice

References

Other websites
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court website 

Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States

International organizations
1967 establishments
Courts (law)
The Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. (born Michael King; December 19, 1899  – November 11, 1984) was an African American civil rights activist and the father of Martin Luther King, Jr.  He was a Baptist minister. His son - Martin Luther King, Junior - was a civil rights activist who went against racial segregation. His spouse, Alberta Williams King, was assassinated.

1899 births
1984 deaths
African-American people
American Baptists
American civil rights activists
Christian ministers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from Atlanta, Georgia
Pico Rivera is a city in Los Angeles County, California.  It is in the southeastern part of the county, near Whittier and Montebello.  The city was formed in 1958 when the communities of Pico and Rivera came together.  Those places had been farming towns, but became residential after World War II.  At one time, there was a large factory that made Ford cars in Pico Rivera.  The city has a large Mexican-American population, with Latinos making up 88% of the population.

References

Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
1958 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in California
The Open Door Policy was a policy between China, the United States and several nations in Europe.  It opened trade with China to each of these nations.  Prior to that, China was a closed country.  Europe was about to fight a war to open up China by force.  This grew out of the Open Door Notes sent by United States Secretary of State John Hay to diplomats in Europe.

   

History of the United States
History of China
The Red Forest (, ) is in the area around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The forest is the trees in the 10 km² around the damaged nuclear reactor. The name "Red Forest" comes from color of the pine trees that died after taking in high levels of radiation from the Chernobyl accident on April 26, 1986. The trees became reddish-brown. People took down the trees and buried them in 'waste graveyards' while cleaning up after the disaster. The Red Forest is one of the areas in the world today with the most radioactivity.

References

Other websites
Description of Red Forest - unique ecosystem of Chernobyl zone of alienation. (radiation dead forest ecosystem)
Greenpeace ten-year retrospective 
The Zone as a wildlife reserve
More images from inside the Zone
 25 years of satellite imagery over Chernobyl 

Forests of Europe
Geography of Ukraine
Fasciola hepatica (also known as the common liver fluke) is a parasitic trematode (fluke or flatworm) in the phylum Platyhelminthes.

It infects the livers of various mammals, including humans. The disease caused by the fluke is called fascioliasis. It has been classified as a neglected tropical disease. 

F. hepatica is distributed worldwide, and has been known as an important parasite of sheep and cattle for hundreds of years. It causes great economic losses in sheep and cattle. Because of its size and economic importance, it has been the subject of many scientific investigations and may be the best-known of any trematode species.

Life cycle

References 

Parasites
Flatworms
Valentine's Day is a 2010 American romantic comedy movie. It is set in Los Angeles. It stars Jessica Alba, Julia Roberts, and Jessica Biel.

The film made $52.4 million its opening weekend.

Many people think the movie is very much like the British movie Love Actually.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites
 
 

2010 comedy movies
2010 romance movies
2010s LGBT movies
2010s romantic comedy movies
American LGBT movies
American romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
LGBT comedy movies
Movies about couples
Movies set in Los Angeles
Warner Bros. movies
The Killer Inside Me is a 2010 American crime drama thriller movie based on the 1952 novel of the same name. It is set in Texas in 1952. It stars Jessica Alba and Casey Affleck.

Related pages
The Top 100 Crime Novels of All Time

References

Other websites 

2010 crime movies
2010 drama movies
2010 thriller movies
2010s crime drama movies
2010s crime thriller movies
2010s drama thriller movies
American crime drama movies
American crime thriller movies
American drama thriller movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
BDSM in movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Texas
Movies set in the 1950s
Machete is a 2010 American action movie. It stars Danny Trejo, Robert De Niro, Jessica Alba, Don Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez, Steven Seagal and Lindsay Lohan.

References

2010 movies
2010s action movies
American action movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies about murderers
Movies directed by Robert Rodriguez
Movies set in Mexico
Movies set in Texas
Movie spin-offs
American independent movies
Movies about the illegal drug trade
Little Fockers is a 2010 American comedy movie set in Chicago. It is the sequel to Meet the Parents and Meet the Fockers. It stars Robert De Niro, Ben Stiller, Jessica Alba, Dustin Hoffman and Barbra Streisand.

Release Dates

References

Other websites

2010 comedy movies
American comedy movies
American sequel movies
English-language movies
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies set in Chicago, Illinois
Levenshtein distance is a way to calculate how different two words (or longer chains of symbols, like sentences or paragraphs) are from one another.

The simple way this works is by counting how many times you need to change one word to turn it into another word.

The three atomic 'changes' considered in this measure are: inserting a single symbol (usually a character, like letter, digit etc.), deleting a single character, and replacing (substitution) a single character with another one. Moving a character to another position in the text, swapping two characters, as well as adding, deleting or replacing longer blocks of characters (like words in a sentence) are not counted as single changes in this measure.

For example, the Levenshtein distance between "kitten" and "sitting" is 3, since the following three edits change one into the other, and there is no way to do it with fewer than three edits:

 kitten → sitten (substitution of 's' for 'k')
 sitten → sittin (substitution of 'i' for 'e')
 sittin → sitting (insertion of 'g' at the end).

This can be used by various websites when you change your password to make sure you're not using a similar password that can decrease the security of the website. The given minimum distance between two passwords is recommended to be 5, so that means that 5 changes need to take place between your old password and your new password for certain websites to accept your new password.

This can also be used to estimate if one text is a plagiarism from the other one.

References

Security
Words
Milton Keynes Central is a railway station in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. It is on the West Coast Main Line between Euston station in London and Glasgow.  It is about  northwest of London.

Milton Keynes
Railway stations in England
The right to petition is when a country allows people to gather — electronically or not — and voice an opinion or problem they think should be corrected without arrest or punishment by the government.

Rights
Human rights
The  is a railroad line in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. It is part of the JR East system. The line runs from Kogota Station in Misato to Onagawa Station in Onagawa. It connects the Tōhoku Main Line to the central coast of Miyagi Prefecture. It connects with the Rikuu East Line and Tōhoku Main Line at Kogota Station, the Kesennuma Line at Maeyachi Station and the Senseki Line at Ishinomaki Station, both in Ishinomaki, Miyagi.

The line color is pink. 

The line is outside the area where Suica cards can be used. Riders should only use Suica between Kogata and Ishinomaki stations. Past those stations, there may be a special way to pay the fare using Suica.

The line was damaged by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

About the line
Gauge (distance between rails): 1067mm
Stations: 14
Two-track line section: None, all single track line
Electrified line section: None
Maximum speed: 85km

Station list

Transport in Japan
Rail transport in Asia
1912 establishments in Asia
1910s establishments in Japan
is a town in Miyagi Prefecture. Fishing is an important business in this town. The JR East Ishinomaki Line stops here at Onagawa Station. The town was badly damaged by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami

The tsunami reached a maximum of 15 metres in height and went as much as one kilometer in from the coast. According to some accounts the wave was even higher in places. It destroyed the town center. At least 1,300 people died.

Gallery of photos of tsunami damage and rescue efforts

Transportation

Train stations
 Ishinomaki Line: Urashuku - Onagawa

Major roads
 Route 398

Energy
There are three nuclear reactors in Onagawa. They can produce up to 2,174 megawatts of electricity. The plants automatically shut down after the March 11 earthquake without any accidents. There is no plan to start the plants again during 2011.

Education

High schools 
 Miyagi Onagawa High School is a prefectural high school.

Junior High Schools 
 Onagawa Public Junior High School Number 1
 Onagawa Public Junior High School Number 2

Elementary Schools 
 Onagawa Public Elementary School Number 1
 Onagawa Public Elementary School Number 2
 After severe tsunami damage to the town hall, the Emergency Response Office moved to this school.

 Onagawa Public Elementary School Number 4

References

Towns in Japan
Settlements in Miyagi Prefecture
is a city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the city has an estimated population of 138,538, and a population density of 250 persons per km2 in 61,919 households. The total area of the city is .

Ishinomaki was one the cities most seriously affected by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. Between 1 March and 31 August 2011, many people left Ishinomaki. 6,500 fewer people, or 4%, lived there.

References

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Miyagi Prefecture
Ibrahim Sekagya (born 19 December 1980 in Kampala) is a Ugandan football player. He plays plays for Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. He is a defender.

Career
He started playing football with Kampala City Council in 1998. He went to Argentina, where he played for Atletico Rafaela (2nd division) and for Ferro Carril Oeste (3rd division). His last club in Argentina was Arsenal de Sarandí(Primera División) where he played two seasons. 2007 he was transferred to Europe for 1 million €, what made him the most expensive player from Uganda. He signed for three years and soon became a regular player for FC Red Bull Salzburg.

Sekagya also plays for the Ugandan national football team and is the team's captain.

Honours
Argentinia:Champion (3rd division) with Ferro Carril Oeste
Austria:Champion 2009 and 2010 with Red Bull Salzburg

Other websites

Guardian football stats 
Players profile Red Bull Salzburg Official page (German)

1980 births
Ugandan people
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Living people
Oakwood is a London Underground station on the Piccadilly Line. It is the second most northerly station on the line, between Southgate and Cockfosters stations, and is in Travelcard Zone 5.  The station is on the edge of the Oakwood area of Enfield (N14) and is at the junction of Bramley Road (A110) and Chase Road (the other end of Chase Road is close to Southgate tube station).

Related pages
List of London Underground stations

References

Other websites
London Transport Museum Photographic Archive 

Piccadilly line stations
Tube stations in the London Borough of Enfield
Grade II listed buildings in London
Grade II listed railway stations
Railway stations opened in 1933
Charles Holden buildings
Liberty Mutual Group, normally known as Liberty Mutual, is a worldwide insurance company. It was started in 1912. The head office is based in Boston, Massachusetts. It employs over 45,000 people in over 900 offices around the world.
They are the third largest property and casualty insurer in the United States based on 2010 written premium. Liberty Mutual rank 77th on the Fortune 100 list of largest corporations in the U.S. based on 2019 revenue. As of December 31, 2019, they had $43.2 billion in annual consolidated revenue.

The company sells a lot of different insurance products, like car insurance, home insurance and business insurance. It also owns other insurance companies (completely or partly) in countries like Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China (including Hong Kong), Colombia, India, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, Venezuela, and Vietnam.

The current head of the business (CEO) is Edmund (Ted) F. Kelly.  He was appointed CEO in 1998.

History 
Liberty Mutual started in 1912 under the name "Massachusetts Employees’ Insurance Association" (MEIA). The name was changed in 1917 to the Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, and through partnerships with other companies, they started to sell full cover car policies.

In 1964 Liberty Mutual began offering life insurance through its Liberty Life Assurance part of the business.

Over the years, Liberty Mutual has bought a number of other large companies. As an example, in 2008 they bought the Safeco Corporation. Liberty Mutual agreed to buy all outstanding shares of Safeco for $68.25 per share, for a total price of approximately $6.2 billion.

Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety 
In 1954, the Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety was started. It studies safety and health of people at work. Its work has helped to  specify machine safeguarding guidelines (how to work safely with machines), the Cornell-Liberty Survival Car, and ergonomic guidelines. They helped to form the basis for national and international safety standards.

The Institute's scientists do field and laboratory experiments on the main causes of work-related injury and disability. They publish their findings in scientific literature. The findings are the basis for safety programs, advice and software. They are used by Liberty Mutual loss control consultants to help policyholders improve worker safety. The Institute’s work is available to the public.

References

Other websites 
 LibertyMutual.com 
 LibertyMutualGroup.com

American financial companies
20th-century establishments in Massachusetts
1912 establishments in the United States
Insurance companies
Companies based in Boston, Massachusetts
Southgate is a London Underground Piccadilly Line station. It is in Southgate, between Arnos Grove and Oakwood stations. It is in Travelcard Zone 4.

References

Other websites
 London Transport Museum Photographic Archive 
 
 
 
 
 
Charles Holden.com
 Southgate station, external 
 Southgate station, internal 
 Southgate station, at night 

Piccadilly line stations
Tube stations in the London Borough of Enfield
Grade II* listed buildings in London
Art Deco buildings
Railway stations opened in 1933
Charles Holden buildings
Bounds Green tube station is a London Underground station. It is at the junction of Bounds Green Road and Brownlow Road, in North London.

The station is on the Piccadilly Line, between Wood Green and Arnos Grove stations. It is on the boundary between Travelcard Zone 3 and Zone 4.

References

Other websites
 London Transport Museum Photographic Archive 
 
 
 

Piccadilly line stations
Transport in the London Borough of Haringey
Railway stations opened in 1932
Charles Holden buildings
1932 establishments in the United Kingdom
1930s establishments in England
Mohamed Fairuz Fauzy (born October 24, 1982 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) is a race car driver.

Early career
Fauzy started competing in karting in 1994. In 1999, he moved to British Formula Ford. He moved to British Formula Renault in 2000, and to British Formula Three in 2002.

He moved to the GP2 Series for 2005 and 2006. He did not score any point in GP2. Fauzy raced in the A1 Grand Prix series for Team Malaysia. He then raced  in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series in 2007.

Fauzy returned to GP2 in 2008, driving for the Super Nova team in the GP2 Asia Series. In 2009, he raced in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series for Mofaz Racing. He finish in second place in the championship standings.

Formula One 

Fauzy was one of Spyker F1's test and reserve drivers for , He was announced as the third driver for Lotus for the 2010 season.

Fauzy drove in the first free practice sessions at the Malaysian Grand Prix, the British Grand Prix, the German Grand Prix and the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. 

At the end of the 2010 season, Fauzy left Lotus Racing. He joined Renault as a test driver for the 2011 season.

Other racing 
Fauzy returned to full-time racing in 2011. He has re-signed for Super Nova Racing to drive in the 2011 GP2 Series season and 2011 GP2 Asia Series season.

Racing record

Career summary 

 Team standings
 Season in progress

Complete A1 Grand Prix results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete GP2 Series results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

 Season in progress

Complete GP2 Asia Series results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

 Season in progress

Complete Formula Renault 3.5 Series results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula One results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

References 
Career statistics from driverdb.com.  Retrieved on July 12, 2008.

Other websites

Official website 

1982 births
Living people
Malaysian sportspeople
GP2 Series drivers
Kuala Lumpur
Validity is an idea that is used in everyday language and in logic. In ordinary language it means correct or in the right form.

An argument is valid if it seems appropriate, well-grounded and can be defended. A contract is valid if it is enforceable in law. In other words, it applies legally to a particular situation. A bank-note is valid if it can be exchanged and used for purchase, and a passport is valid if it lets the holder come in and go out of a country. A will is valid if correctly made, and certified by an appropriate court. In all these cases, valid refers to the soundness in some situation. Logical uses of this idea are similar, but phrased much more exactly.

In logic 
It is nothing to do with ordinary ideas of truth. Truth points outwards to the world. Validity, on the other hand, points inwards to the syllogism.

The conclusion of a valid argument is a logical consequence of its premises. An example of a valid argument is given by the following well-known syllogism:

All men are mortal.
Socrates is a man.
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

However, this is also a valid syllogism:

All cups are green.
Socrates is a cup.
Therefore, Socrates is green.

And it is not true that Socrates was green.

The following is valid but not sound:

 All animals live on Mars.
 All humans are animals.
 Therefore, all humans live on Mars.

The problem with the argument is that it is not sound.  In order for a deductive argument to be sound, the deduction must be valid and all the premises true.

References 

Logic
The Dirac equation is an equation from quantum mechanics. Paul Dirac formulated the equation in 1928. The equation describes the behaviour of fermions (e.g. electrons and quarks), and takes special relativity into account. The equation showed the existence of antimatter. 
It does not change in Lorentz transformation. This means it is a differential equation of the same order in space and time.
The Pauli equation can be derived from a special case of the equation
It predicts the existence of antimatter particles, with the same mass and spin, but with the opposite charge. In 1931, Dirac predicted the existence of positrons, one year before the particles were found in an experiment.
It explains why the spin of the electrons in the Stern–Gerlach experiment acts like a magnet, which splits the silver atoms according to their spin.
The differential operator used in a special form of the equation is very important for differential geometry
Dirac Equation also explains the behaviour of electron in two-dimensional Graphene sheet where the electron is set free due to the lack of interaction between elections thus making the electron behave massless.

Quantum mechanics
Bloody Sunday was a day of violence in Dublin, Ireland, United Kingdom, on November 21, 1920. It happened during the Irish War of Independence. In total, 31 people were killed. This included fourteen British people, fourteen Irish civilians and three republican prisoners.

Other websites

1920 in the United Kingdom
1920s in Ireland
20th century in Dublin
Irish War of Independence
Massacres in Europe
November events
Police misconduct