cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
True Star: A Private Performance is a two-track EP by American R&B singer Beyoncé. Produced by herself and Tommy Hilfiger, it was released exclusively in Austria in 2004 (see 2004 in music), solely available with limited edition purchases of her fragrance by Hilfiger entitled True Star.

Track listing

References

2004 albums
Beyoncé albums

en:True Star (perfume)#True Star: A Private Performance
"Lose My Breath" is an R&B/dance-pop song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland, Michelle Williams, Rodney Jerkins, LaShawn Daniels, Fred Jerkins III, Sean Garrett, and Shawn "Jay-Z" Corey Carter for Destiny's Child's fourth studio album, Destiny Fulfilled (2004). It was produced by Knowles and Jerkins and released as the album's lead single in autumn 2004. The single was released with "Why You Actin'" as the b-side. The song reached number one in Belgium, China, India, Israel, Ireland, and Switzerland and entered the top ten on the majority of the charts it appeared on, making it one of Destiny's Child most successful single releases. The song was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Duo Or Group.

Charts

Credits and personnel 
 Lead vocals: Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland, Michelle Williams
 Vocal production - Beyoncé Knwoles, Sean Garrett, Kelly Rowland
 Recorded by Jeff Villanueva, Jim Caruna at Sony Music Studios, NYC
 Audio mixing - Tony Maserati
 Mastered by Tom Coyne
 Introduction by Michigan Marching Band Drumline (http://mmb.music.umich.edu/sections/drumline/sounds/Cadence_Series_2k2.mp3 )

Formats and tracklistings 
These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "Lose My Breath".

 Maxi CD single
 "Lose My Breath" (Album Version)
 "Lose My Breath" (Maurice's Nu Soul Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Paul Johnson's Club Mix)
 "Why You Actin'"

 US CD single
 "Lose My Breath" (Album Version)
 "Game Over"

Official versions 

 "Lose Me Breath" (Radio Mix)
 "Lose Me Breath" (Radio Mix 2)
 "Lose My Breath" (Instrumental)
 "Lose My Breath" (Acapella)
 "Lose My Breath" (Extended Mix)
 "Lose Me Breath" (Remix) (feat Khia & Chingy)
 "Lose Me Breath" (Remix) (feat Wise)
 "Lose My Breath" (Inhale...Breath Radio Remix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Exhale...Breath Club Remix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Burn The House Down Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Jones & Moss Main Radio Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Jones & Cabrera Vibelicious Bring Da House Edit)

 "Lose My Breath" (UK DJ 12" Demo)
 "Lose Me Breath" (Hex Hector Mixshow Edit)
 "Lose Me Breath" (Mac Quayle Dream Club Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Maurice's Nu Soul Remix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Paul Johnson Club Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Peter Rauhofer Breathless Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Peter Rauhofer Breathless Dub)
 "Lose My Breath" (MGM Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Seamus Haji Remix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Joe Smooth Strings Of Life Mix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Junior Vasquez Remix)
 "Lose My Breath" (Riley York vs Chris Cox Drum Revenge Mix)

References

Destiny's Child songs
2004 songs
The discography of the R&B group Destiny's Child.
Destiny' s Child has sold in total 75 million worldwide including albums, video albums and singles; its leader Beyoncé as a solo and featured artist has sold the same million of copies; its co-leader Kelly Rowland has sold as a solo and featured artis 20 albums and single's million worldwide.
In total Destiny's Child and its leader and co-leader has sold 170 million worldwide.

CD

DVD

Single

Videos

Related pages
 Beyoncé Knowles discography

Discographies
Discography
The 1983 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1983 in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1983 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1983. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.

This season, there were a record-setting 21 named storms this year. Of those storms, twelve became hurricanes. Eight hurricanes reached Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. No named storms formed in the central Pacific; however, there were two tropical depressions. A strong El Niño contributed to this level of activity. That same El Niño influenced a relatively quiet season in the Atlantic.

The most notable storms were hurricane Tico, Tropical Storm Octave, and Hurricane Winnie. Hurricane Tico left thousands homeless in Mazatlan; Tropical Storm Octave killed several people in one of Arizona's worst disasters; and Hurricane Winnie was a rare December cyclone.

Other websites
 Unisys Weather archive for the Eastern Pacific, 1983
 Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive

Pacific hurricane seasons
Pacific hurricane season
The 1972 Pacific hurricane season began on May 15, 1972 in the east Pacific, and on June 1, 1972 in the central Pacific. It ended on November 30, 1972. These dates conventionally delimit the period of time when tropical cyclones form in the east Pacific Ocean.

This season had a below average number of storms. There were twelve tropical cyclones. Of those, four were tropical storms, eight were hurricanes, and four were major hurricanes that reached Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. In the central Pacific, two tropical storms and two tropical depressions formed. One of the depressions and one of the storms crossed the dateline to become typhoons.

Other websites
 Unisys Storm Tracks
 CPHC Archive

Pacific hurricane seasons
Pacific hurricane season
The 1970 Pacific hurricane season began on May 15, 1970 in the east Pacific, and on June 1, 1970 in the central Pacific. It ended on November 30, 1970. These dates conventionally delimit the period of time when tropical cyclones form in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

This season had an above average number of storms. There were twenty-one tropical cyclones, of which eighteen reached tropical storm strength. Four storms became hurricanes, of which none reached major hurricane strength. In the central Pacific, one hurricane and one tropical depression formed. One of the depressions crossed the dateline to become a typhoon.

Other websites
 Unisys Storm Tracks
 CPHC Archive

Pacific hurricane seasons
1970 in North America
The 1977 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1977 in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1977 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1977. These dates start and end the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeast Pacific Ocean. The season was very inactive.
 
This season had a record low level of activity. Only eight tropical storms formed, and four hurricanes. No major hurricanes formed. The next time this happened was during the 2003 season. Also, there was just one cyclogenesis in each of May, June, July, August, and October, which is also low. Activity in the central Pacific was zero, as no storms formed there nor moved in from the east. Strangely enough it was also not very active in the Eastern Pacific or the Atlantic.

Other websites
 Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive
 Unisys Storm Archive

Pacific hurricane seasons
Pacific hurricane season
The 2003 Pacific hurricane season saw an strangely big number of tropical cyclones affect Mexico. The biggest cyclones in 2003 were Hurricanes Ignacio (which killed 2 people in Mexico) and Marty (which killed 12 people in Mexico). Those hurricanes were responsible for nearly $1 billion (2003 USD) in damage. Three other Pacific storms and three Atlantic storms also affected Mexico. The only other big storm of the season was Hurricane Jimena. Hurricane Jimena passed just to the south of Hawaii. Hurricane Jimena was the first storm to go near Hawaii for several years.

The season officially started on May 15, 2003 in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 2003 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 2003. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The season saw 16 tropical storms form, which is about average. However, this season was the first Pacific hurricane season since 1977 to have no systems become major hurricanes by reaching Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.

Storms

Hurricane Marty

Marty killed 12 and destroyed 4,000 homes in Baja California.

Hurricane Nora

Hurricane Nora was the strongest hurricane in the eastern Pacific Ocean in 2003.

Other Storms
Tropical Storm Andres
Tropical Storm Blanca
Tropical Storm Carlos
Tropical Storm Dolores
Tropical Storm Enrique
Tropical Storm Felicia
Tropical Storm Guillermo
Tropical Storm Hilda
Tropical Depression One-C
Hurricane Ignacio
Hurricane Jimena
Tropical Storm Kevin
Hurricane Linda
Hurricane Olaf
Hurricane Patricia

Other websites
 NHC 2003 Pacific hurricane season archive
 HPC 2003 Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Pages
 Central Pacific Hurricane Center 2003 season summary
 Mariners Weather Log: Summary of the 2003 Pacific hurricane season

Pacific hurricane seasons
Pacific hurricane season
The 1989 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1989 in the Eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1989 in the Central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1989. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.

Notable storms include Hurricanes Cosme, Kiko, and Raymond. Cosme crossed over Mexico and contributed to the formation of Tropical Storm Allison in the Atlantic. Hurricane Kiko made landfall on the Gulf of California side of the Baja California peninsula. Hurricane Raymond was the strongest storm of the season, but weakened significantly before landfall.

Other websites
 NHC 1989 Pacific hurricane season archive
 Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive

Pacific hurricane seasons
Pacific hurricane season
The 1995 Pacific hurricane season was the least active Pacific hurricane season since 1979. Of the eleven tropical cyclones that formed during the season, four affected land, with the most notable storm of the season being Hurricane Ismael, which killed at least 116 people in Mexico. The strongest hurricane in the season was Hurricane Juliette, which reached peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h).

The season officially started on May 15, 1995 in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 1995 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1995. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The season saw eleven tropical cyclones form, of which ten became tropical storms. Seven storms attained hurricane status, of which three acquired major hurricane status. The number of tropical storms was much less than the average of 16 storms, while the number of hurricanes and major hurricanes were slightly below average.

References

Other websites
 NHC 1995 Pacific hurricane season archive
 Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive

 
Natural disasters in North America
Pacific hurricane seasons
The 1992 Pacific hurricane season was the most active Pacific season on record. The most notable storm was Hurricane Iniki, which caused billions of dollars of damage to the Hawaiian Islands. Hurricanes Lester, Virgil, Winifred, and Orlene also made landfall and killed several people, but were significantly less destructive. Hurricane Darby and Tropical Storm Agatha brought rains and more destruction to Mexico, without making landfall. Also of note are Hurricane Ekeka and Tropical Storm Hali, which formed in late January and March, respectively.

Other websites
 NHC 1992 Pacific hurricane season archive
 Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive

Pacific hurricane seasons
Pacific hurricane season
The River Artibonite (Spanish, Artibonito; Haitian Creole, Latibonit) is a river in the island of Hispaniola. It is 321 km long (68 km in the Dominican Republic, 253 km in Haiti), the longest of the island and of Haiti.

Name
The Taíno name of the river was Hatibonico. Peter Martyr d'Anghiera wrote that the name was Attiboni or Attibonicus. Some people said that the name was Guayajayuco but it is another river, tributary of the Artibonite.

Course
The source of the Artibonite is to the northeast of Río Limpio, in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. The mouth of the Artibonite is in Haiti, south of La Grand Saline, at about . It flows into the Gulf of Gonâve.

The river is the border between the Dominican Republic and Haiti for several kilometres, from the town of Pedro Santana to the point where it is joined by the River Macasías, and then turns west into Haiti.

Its watershed has an area of 9,013 km2 (2,614 km2 in the Dominican Republic, the rest in Haiti). Its discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 16.6 cubic metres per second at Pedro Santana.

Tributaries
The most important tributaries are the rivers Libón, Macasías and Joca, all of them in the Dominican Republic. The Libón River is the only important tributary that flows into the right side of the Artibonite.

Environment
Deforestation has affected in a bad way the quality and amount of water in the River Artibonite in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. There are not many fishes; only tilapias are caught. There were American crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) in the River Artibonite and in other rivers of the Hispaniola, but now they are found only in the big lakes of the island.

Uses
The water of the river is used for irrigation in Haiti but not in the Dominican Republic because it flows here through high mountains. The Peligre Hydroelectric Dam was built on the Arbitonite; it produces electricity for Haiti.

References

Rivers of the Dominican Republic
Geography of Haiti
Jens Johnnie "Little Evil" Pulver (born December 6, 1974 in Sunnyside, Washington) is an American mixed martial artist (MMA). He was the first  Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) lightweight champion, and was a coach on The Ultimate Fighter 5 reality show, which aired on Spike TV. He is currently signed as a featherweight with World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC), which is owned by Zuffa (the parent company of the UFC).

Other websites
Jens Pulver official website
Video Interview about The Ultimate Fighter 5 
May 2007 interview

American mixed martial artists
1974 births
Living people
A Video CD or VCD is a CD that contains a movie instead of music or a computer program. It is the "little brother" of the DVD.

Since a DVD can store ten times as much information as a VCD, the quality of a VCD is not as high as that of a DVD, but it is ten times cheaper to make. The quality of the picture is about as good as an analog television with a simple antenna, or a VHS tape.

History 
VCD's were invented by Philips and Sony just like the CD, but then never became very popular in the Western world, which switched from VHS tapes directly to the DVD. However, in Asia and in other developing countries the VCD is popular, since a DVD player is also much more expensive than a VCD player.

Uses 
A VCD movie is stored in the popular MPEG (.MPG) format, that is also often used to download movies from the internet. But if a VCD disk is put in a computer, there is a file with a .MPG after the name, and many other files. This is because the movie is actually in a file (or files) that has .DAT after the name. This file can be played with Windows Media Player (or any other player that can play a .MPG movie), one does not need special software because the file is actually just a .MPG movie with a .DAT end of the name instead of .MPG. There are also many programs that can play a VCD on a PC.

References 

Compact Disc
Video Discs
The Boston Red Sox are an American baseball team from Boston, Massachusetts that play in Major League Baseball. They have nine World Series championships, most recently in 2018. The Red Sox are a member of Major League Baseball's American League East Division and of the American League itself. The Red Sox have played at Fenway Park since 1912

One of the American League's eight charter franchises, the club was founded in Boston in 1901. They had no real nickname, but were often called the Boston Americans because they played in the American League. Their first home field was the Huntington Avenue Grounds. They met the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first modern World Series, and defeated the Pirates in an upset.

In 1907, the Boston National League team stopped using red as their team color. The Americans team color had been blue. The next year, 1908, the Americans adopted red as their color, and officially became the Boston Red Sox.

In 1918, the team won its fifth World Series, and then went into one of the longest championship droughts in baseball history. The Red Sox won the World Series in 1903, 1912, 1915, 1916, 1918, 2004, 2007, 2013, and 2018; they won the pennant, but lost the World Series in 1946, 1967, 1975, and 1986.

The Curse of the Bambino

Many thought their championship drought between 1918 and 2004 was caused by the "Curse of the Bambino", said to have been caused by the trade of Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees in 1920. The drought was ended, and the "curse" reversed in 2004, when the team won their sixth World Series Championship. 

To get to the 2004 World Series, they beat the Yankees in the 2004 American League Championship Series; they lost the first three games to the Yankees, but then, facing elimination, they won the next four games and thereby won the ALCS. That was, and still is, the first and only time an MLB team has won a seven-game playoff series after losing the first three games. 

After the ALCS, the Red Sox swept the St. Louis Cardinals to win their first World Series since 1918 (86 years) in 2004.

Other facts

They share a large and very famous rivalry with the New York Yankees. They also share a notably smaller rivalry with the Tampa Bay Rays because of the 2008 American League Championship Series and because of various on-field fights and disputes.

References

Other websites 

 "Official" Red Sox Nation Website
 The Remy Report Jerry Remy's Sox Page
 Boston Red Sox official website 

 
1901 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in Massachusetts
Irreemplazable is a Spanish and Spanglish EP by female R&B singer Beyoncé Knowles. It was released on August 28, 2007 in US.  At the same time, a CD/DVD combo was released exclusively at Wal-mart. The DVD features behind the scenes documentary entitled La Evolucion Latina de Beyoncé (The Latin Evolution of Beyoncé) as well as the music video for Beyoncé's "Get Me Bodied" (Timbaland remix) featuring Voltio.

Contents

EP 
 "Amor Gitano"  (featuring  Alejandro Fernández) 3:47
 "Oye" ("Listen" Spanish Version) 3:40
 "Irreemplazable" ("Irreplaceable" Spanish version) 3:47
 "Bello Embustero" ("Beautiful Liar" Spanish Version) 3:20
 "Beautiful Liar" (Remix featuring Shakira) 3:01
 "Beautiful Liar" (Spanglish Version featuring Sasha a.k.a. Beyoncé) 3:19
 "Irreemplazable" (Nortena Remix) 3:52
 "Get Me Bodied" (Timbaland Remix featuring Voltio) 6:12

DVD 
Behind The Scenes Footage
Beyoncé en Español:
"La Evolución Latina de Beyoncé" (Beyoncé's Latin Evolution)
Music Video
"Get Me Bodied" (Timbaland Remix) featuring Voltio

References 

Beyoncé albums
2007 albums
Latin pop albums
Hip hop albums
R&B albums
Ring the Alarm is an R&B song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Kasseem "Swizz Beatz" Dean, and Sean Garrett for Knowles' second solo album B’Day (2006). Co-produced by Knowles, and Swizz Beatz, the song premiered on August 8, 2006 to radio outlets in the United States and eventually debuted at number twelve on the Billboard Hot 100, making the single her highest entry on the official American singles chart and the second highest debut of 2006 behind only Taylor Hicks's "Do I Make You Proud". It previously debuted at Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles at number seventeen.

Formats and track listing 
These are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of "Ring the Alarm".
CD Maxi single
 "Ring the Alarm" (Karmatronic remix)
 "Ring the Alarm" (Migtight remix)
 "Ring the Alarm" (The Tranzformas remix, featuring Collie Buddz)
 "Ring the Alarm" (Jazze Pha remix)
 "Ring the Alarm" (Grizz remix)
CD Single
 "Ring the Alarm" (Album version)
 "Ring the Alarm" (Instrumental)

Charts

References 

Beyoncé songs
2006 songs
'03 Bonnie & Clyde is a single by rapper Jay-Z, featuring R&B singer Beyoncé. It was taken from his ninth studio album The Blueprint²: The Gift & the Curse and can also be found on the international editions of Beyoncé's first solo album Dangerously in Love. Released in 2002, the song reached number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. It was Jay-Z's second top ten single and Beyoncé's first top ten single as a solo artist. It also reached number two in the United Kingdom. The single is notable for causing drama between Jay-Z and Toni Braxton over what she said was a stolen sample. Jay-Z had to work with Suge Knight to secure the rights to cover this song from Tupac Shakur, because he made the original version of the song, which was called "Me and My Girlfriend". "Me and My Girlfriend" was on his 1996 classic The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory. Jay-Z also referenced this in his song "All I Need" from The Blueprint.

Music video 
The music video for the song, which was directed by Chris Robinson, was nominated for "Best Hip-Hop Video" at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. However, it lost to Missy Elliott's "Work It." The name of the song is a reference to Eminem's song "'97 Bonnie and Clyde". 

There is a changed version of it called "Bonnie & Clyde '03" which has many of Beyoncé's vocals rather than Jay-Z's. It is included in her "Dangerously In Love" CD.

Official versions 
 "'03 Bonnie & Clyde" (Clean version for the radio)
 "'03 Bonnie & Clyde" (Instrumental)
 "'03 Bonnie & Clyde" (Radio E)

References 

2002 songs
Beyoncé songs
Jay-Z songs
Rap songs
One Night Only is a song from the 1981 Broadway musical Dreamgirls, with lyrics by Tom Eyen and music by Henry Krieger. In the context of the musical, "One Night Only" is performed twice in succession, as differing versions of the song - a soul ballad by the character Effie White and a disco version by her former bandmates Deena Jones & the Dreams - compete on the radio and the pop charts.

Song information
Both versions of "One Night Only" appear as one track on the original 1982 Dreamgirls Broadway cast album, performed by Jennifer Holliday as Effie and Sheryl Lee Ralph, Loretta Devine, and Deborah Burrell as Deena Jones & the Dreams. "One Night Only" was later covered on album by Elaine Page and Sylvester. Actor Hugh Jackman performed the song while hosting the 2004 Tony Awards ceremony, in a large production number featuring girl groups from the musicals Caroline, or Change, Hairspray, and Little Shop of Horrors.

Single versions
Releases of the single featured the different versions of the 2006 song.
One Night Only (Eric Kupper & Richie Jones Club Mix - Edit) 
One Night Only (Eric Kupper & Richie Jones Club Mix) 
One Night Only (Eric Kupper & Richie Jones Club Mix - Instrumental) 
One Night Only (Film Version) 
One Night Only (Film Version - Instrumental)

Beyoncé songs
2006 songs
Green Light is an R&B/funk song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Sean Garrett, and Pharrell Williams for Knowles' second solo studio album, B'Day (2006). Co-produced by Pharrell and Beyoncé, it was released as fifth UK single on July 30 2007. The Freemasons remix of "Green Light" was on the BBC Radio 1 A-list by July 18 2007.

Chart performance 
With the album version of the song being available digitally as soon as the album was released, it debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 152 after the video aired in July 2007. The album version peaked at number seventy-seven one week before the Freemasons remix became available. Because of heavy radio airplay of the Freemasons remix, as soon as it was available, the song climbed sixty places to number seventeen the following week, and then to number twelve, giving Knowles her eleventh top twenty hit in the UK. "Green Light" became Knowles's highest charting single on downloads alone on the UK Singles Chart without a prominent featured artist. The UK commercial CD single was cancelled at the last minute.

The album version was released in the Netherlands where it debuted on the Dutch Singles Chart at number 30.

References 

Beyoncé songs
2007 songs
Suga Mama is a song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Rich Harrison, and Makeba, and produced by Knowles and Harrison for Knowles' second solo album, B'Day (2006). It features a sample of Jake Wade and the Soul Searchers' song "Searching for Soul", which was written by Chuck Middleton. The music video for the song was released on television in the United Kingdom in April 2007.

Music video and other promotion 
The "Suga Mama" music video was released to UK music channels in April 2007. It is black-and-white and was co-directed by Melina and Knowles for the B'Day Anthology Video Album, which was released the same month; it was one of eight videos shot in two weeks for the album. It begins with Knowles sitting in a chair, wearing men's clothing and smoking a cigar. She gets up and begins to pole dance. The remainder of the video presents Knowles dancing on top of a sugar cube, dancing with backing dancers whose faces are partially concealed, lying in a circle of light and riding a mechanical bull. Knowles said she is meant to "slowly become a woman" during the video, adding "Well, a sexier woman — I'm always a woman."

Knowles rehearsed the pole dancing using two ballet bars, which was when it was decided to add a pole above her head to form an arc. Though Knowles is from Texas, she had never previously been on mechanical bull. There were no problems during warm-ups, but the man operating the bull during the video shoot programmed it to go faster, causing Knowles to fall off when she tried to perform tricks such as lifting up her foot, leaning back and turning around. To minimise the time Knowles spent on the bull, the director shot the sequence at twelve frames per second (see frame rate) and Knowles sang twice as quickly, but it was not until 4:00 a.m. that they completed work.

"Suga Mama" was included on the set list of Knowles's 2007 tour, The Beyoncé Experience, and The Tennessean wrote that the song "was even sexier and more gutbucket than on record". A remix of the song features rapper Consequence.

References 

2007 songs
Beyoncé songs
Funk songs
R&B songs
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" is a song recorded by Destiny's Child. It was the fourth and final single from the group's second album, The Writing's on the Wall. The single achieved success in various charts.

Byron Rittenhouse's voice is on the song saying "Uh huh, I ain't worried 'bout my girl a'ight" in response to Beyonce's line "I ain't thinking 'bout my man tonight".

Formats and remixes 
Two official urban remixes for this song exist. One, known as the Nitro remix features rapper Nitro, while the other is known as the So So Def Remix with Lil' Bow Wow, Da Brat and Jermaine Dupri. A video was filmed for the So So Def Remix later. Also, appearing as a second half of the So So Def Remix on the This Is the Remix (Destiny's Child album), Azza's Remix of Jumpin', Jumpin'. This version was a newly recorded version with slower singing and Kelly doing lead on chorus and high notes during break, and one of few remix songs from Writing's On The Wall that Farrah Franklin and Michelle are singing; the other being the WMBA version of the song.

"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (A Capella)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Instrumental)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Azza's Remix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Digital Black 'N Groove Club Mix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Hammerhouse Remix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Maurice's Radio Mix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Maurice's Jumpin' Retro Mix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Mike Moore Remix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Nitro Remix) (feat Mr Nitro)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Disney Party Remix) (feat Solange)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (So So Def Remix) (feat Lil' Bow Wow, Jermaine Dupri & Da Brat)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (So Far So Def Remix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (So So Dub)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (Jameson Drum & Bass Mix)
"Jumpin', Jumpin'" (WNBA Version)

Destiny's Child songs
2000 songs
Fighting Temptation is a single released by R&B singer Beyoncé and female rappers Missy Elliott, MC Lyte, and Free in 2003 to promote the film The Fighting Temptations, in which Beyoncé has a part. The song is part of the official soundtrack.

As it was released just one month after the second single from Beyoncé's Dangerously in Love, "Baby Boy", the song did not become a big hit and failed to enter the Billboard Hot 100 and other important U.S. charts. However, the single received some attention from European countries, eventually peaking at number thirteen in the Netherlands. The film was also an instant success, mainly due to Beyoncé's success in Europe at that time.

Track listing 
"Fighting Temptation" (Album Version)
Destiny's Child – "I Know" (Album Version)

Other versions
"Fighting Temptation" (Acapella)
"Fighting Temptation" (Instrumental)
"Fighting Temptation" (Radio Edit)

Beyoncé songs
2003 songs
The Five Pillars of Islam are five basic rules in Islam that all Muslims must follow.

The Five Pillars consist of :
 Shahadah. The shahadah means there is no other god except Allah(one God) and Prophet Muhammad is the messenger/prophet of Allah. The shahadah can be recited when a person chooses to revert to Islam as the words in the shahadah are the key fundamental beliefs in Islam.
 Prayer (Salat) - Praying five times a day, kneeling towards Mecca.  There are specific ritualistic movements and prayers that are said.
 Fasting during the month of Ramadan (Sawm) - Islamic Fasting is not eating or drinking beverages when the sun is out, only when the moon is out.
 Charity or alms-giving (zakat) - Each year a Muslim must give money to charity (Usually 2.5% of their savings). If a person does not have much money, they can give services to others instead.
 Hajj - Pilgrimage(journey) to Mecca.Mecca is a desert city in Asia.

Sources

Islam
Religious ethics
ARD is a public broadcaster in Germany. The name is an abbreviation. It stands for Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. This can be translated as "Consortium of public-law broadcasting institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany". The company is made of different regional broadcasters. It provides one of the two (publicly-funded) television programmes in Germany, amongst other programmes. The other publicly funded TV program is called Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (ZDF, in short). 

It was founded in West Germany in 1950. It was made for common interests of the new, de-centralized post-war broadcasting services - in particular, the introduction of a joint television network.

ARD is made of the following regional broadcasters: BR, HR, MDR, NDR, Radio Bremen, RBB, SR, SWR, and WDR, as well as international broadcaster Deutsche Welle

They make a total of 54 regional and local radio stations and networks, two nationwide radio channels, and seven regional TV networks. During certain parts of the day some of these split even further.

German broadcasting companies
1950 establishments in Europe
1950s establishments in Germany
The DW (Deutsche Welle) (until 5 February 2012: Deutsche Welle) is Germany's international broadcaster. It broadcasts news and information on shortwave, Internet and satellite radio in 29 languages (DW (RADIO)).

It has a satellite television service (DW (TV)) that is available in four languages, and there is also DW.DE, a 30-language online news site. DW, which in English means "German Wave", is similar to international broadcasters such as the BBC World Service, Radio Canada International, Voice of America, and Radio France Internationale.

On 6 February 2012 Deutsche Welle was completely relaunched and now operates only as DW.

Censorship 
Since October 28, 2021, the site of Deutsche Welle can't be opened in Belarus.

Notes and references

Other websites 

 Official site
 DW Livestream 
 The Bobs DW International Weblog Award
 DW on Satellite TV in the United States

German television networks
1953 establishments in Europe
1950s establishments in Germany
Censorship in Belarus
Guildford Dudley (1536 - 12 February 1554) was the husband of Lady Jane Grey. He was executed along with Jane on February 12 1554.

Pre-Marriage
Guildford (also spelled as Guilford) was the son of John Dudley, the Earl of Warwick and later Duke of Northumberland and Jane Guildford (that was how he got his unusual name). He was very handsome, but arrogant and selfish because his mother spoiled him ever since he was a child.

Marriage
In 1553, Guildford was told by his father that he was to marry Lady Jane Grey. Like many other people in the sixteenth century, Guildford complied. However, Jane did not want to marry Guildford because she thought he was rude. Jane only agreed after her parents had beaten and whipped her. 
When Jane became queen, in July 1553, they got into an argument about Guildford becoming king. Guildford claimed than he should be king, but Jane did not believe that Guildford had the qualities to become king. She said she would make him duke, but Guildford was unhappy. Guildford and his mother attempted to leave the Tower of London, but Jane had him brought back. Jane lost the throne on July 19 1553.

Inprisonment and Death 
At first, Guildford and Jane were allowed to visit each other, but only in the garden. However, for the last few months of their lives, they were not allowed to visit each other anymore.
A few days before their execution, Guildford asked Jane if they could visit one last time, but Jane refused.
On February 12 1554, Guildford was executed and, unlike his wife, he was not very calm when he went to his death. Days before his death, he cried endlessly. However, on the day he was executed, he was calm. At the sight of the block, however, he lost his courage and cried again. He is said to have cried "Pray for me!" many times.

Other websites
 More on Guildford Dudley  Guildford's biography

1536 births
1554 deaths
English people
The medical papyri (or medical papyruses) are a set of ancient Egyptian texts that give background info on medical practices from ancient Egyptian times. The papyri give details on disease, diagnostics, and remedies of disease, which also have traditional methods and with magical spells. 

It is thought there were more medical papyri, but many have been lost due to grave robbing. The largest study of the medical papyri to date has was undertaken by Berlin University and was titled "Medizin der alten Agypter" (Medicine of ancient Egypt).

Early Egyptian medicine was based on a mixture of magic and religious spells. Most commonly "cured" by use of amulets or magical spells, the illnesses were thought to be caused by spiteful acts or actions. Afterwards, doctors did various medical treatments if needed. The instructions for these medical rituals were later inscribed on papyrus scrolls by the priests performing the actions.

Related pages
 Medicine
 Ancient Egypt

Other websites 
 The History and Treatment of the Papyrus Collection at The Brooklyn Museum

Manuscripts
Ancient Egypt
The Tibetan Book of the Dead is a religious text from Tibet, written as a guide for persons attending someone who is dying or recently dead, to bring comfort and " ". It includes prayers, instructions for both dying persons and their attendants, and descriptions of the afterlife. (Roman Catholicism has comparable rituals, called  or Last Rites.) The book has been translated into many languages, including English.

Adaptations 
In the 1960s, professors Timothy Leary, Ralph Metzner and Richard Alpert (later known as Baba Ram Dass) collaborated on a book titled The Psychedelic Experience, which adapted portions of the Book of the Dead as a guide for use in LSD experiences. They hoped to give users of LSD a simulation of death and , to "liberate" them from past problems or mistakes in their lives. Many persons did have positive results from their book. Others pursued it like a , and were not helped or changed for the better.

John Lennon of The Beatles adapted the adaptation in turn, using many of the book's ideas for his song "Tomorrow Never Knows". He later  The Psychedelic Experience, calling it "that stupid book of Leary's," but his song spread its influence. This book has real life experiences between life and death situations.

Related pages 
 Book of the Dead

Afterlife
Tibet
Buddhist texts
ChalkZone is an American animated television series. It is about a boy named Rudy. Rudy has magic chalk. When Rudy draws on the board with the magic chalk, it lets him go to a chalk world called Chalk Zone. Whatever he draws on the chalk board, or in Chalk Zone, comes to life.

Characters 
Rudy (8-11 years old)- the main character of the series
Penny (10-11 years old) - a friend of Rudy that is a female
Snap (7-10 years old) - another friend of Rudy from Chalk Zone,
Skrawl - an evil villain that wants to take over Chalk Zone and destroy Rudy

Other websites 
 ChalkZone area on nick.com (leads to TV Show list)
 ChalkZone at the Big Cartoon DataBase
 

Animated television series
Nickelodeon television series
2002 American television series debuts
2004 American television series endings
English-language television programs
The F-22 Raptor is a fighter plane made by Lockheed Martin. It first flew in 1990, and entered service in the United States Air Force in 2005. Because it is expensive, there will not be as many of them as earlier fighter planes. It uses stealth, which means it cannot be seen on radar. It can hold 6 radar-guided medium-range AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles and 2 heat-seeking, short-range AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles. Its top speed is 2.4 times the speed of sound and it features thrust vectoring, where the plane's thrust nozzles turn to help turn it faster.

The plane is a 5th generation fighter and is a very expensive plane to produce, and the USAF say they will provide the plane to other countries but in a "watered down state"

Simulacrum of Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor 
Su-57 - Simulacrum of the F-22.
  - on UAC Official YouTube Channnel
 	

United States Air Force aircraft
F-22
Edom is a name given to Esau, the brother of Jacob, in the Hebrew Bible. It also means the nation that came from him.  The nation's name in Assyrian was Udumi. In Syriac it was . In Greek, it was  (Idoumaía). In Latin, it was  or .

The Edomite people were a Semitic-speaking tribal people. They lived in the Negev Desert and the Arabah valley. The Arabah valley is now the south of Dead Sea and next to the Jordan. The area has much red sandstone. This may have made the name "Edom".  The nation of Edom is known to have existed back to the 8th or 9th century BC. The Bible dates it back several centuries further. Recent archaeological proof may show an Edomite nation as long ago as the 11th century BC. However, people are not completely sure. Others argue that the 8th or 9th century dates are right.  The nation stopped being a settled state after the Jewish-Roman Wars.

References 

Ancient history
Hollywood is the fourth single from Jay-Z's latest solo album Kingdom Come. The song features Jay-Z's longtime girlfriend, R&B singer Beyoncé. The song is also featured on Beyoncé's B'Day Deluxe Edition with more of Beyoncé's vocals and less of Jay-Z's under the title "Welcome To Hollywood".

Music video 
A video for Jay-Z's album version does not exist but an official video was created for "Welcome to Hollywood" using clips of different Beyoncé videos (much like the "Lose My Breath" megamix on the Destiny's Child Fan Pack II). The video is played as an interlude on Beyoncé's B'Day Tour, The Beyoncé Experience.

Charts 

Jay-Z songs
Beyoncé songs
2007 songs
Fabaceae is the systematic name of the plant family that is commonly known as the Pea family. It consists of three subgroups: Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae and Papilionoideae (or better Faboideae). In modern systems like APG II this family Fabaceae is closely related to Quillajaceae, Polygalaceae or milkworts (including the families Diclidantheraceae, Moutabeaceae, and Xanthophyllaceae), and Surianaceae.

Description 
The leaves are usually alternate and compound, in the Mimosoideae and the Caesalpinioideae commonly bipinnate (e.g. Acacia, Mimosa). In many species the leaves have structures evolved to attract ants, that, being predatory, protect the plant from herbivore insects. Extrafloral nectaries -a gland secreting nectar -are common among the Mimosoideae and the Caesalpinioideae and are also found in some Faboideae (e.g. vetches Vicia sativa). Fabaceae are typically entomophilous plants (i.e. they are pollinated by insects) and the flower are usually showy to attract the pollinators.

In the Mimosoideae the flowers are radial symmetric or actinomorphic. In the Caesalpinioideae and Faboideae (see diagram) are most often zygomorphic or bilateral in simmetry.

Related pages 
 Senna (herb)
 Broom (shrub)
Lupin
Sophora

Other websites 

List of genera

References
The Bundesversammlung, or Federal Convention, is a special federal body in Germany.

It is made up of all of the members of the Bundestag, plus an equal number of delegates elected by the parliaments of the Länder. Those delegates don't have to be memebers of the Länder parliaments; sometimes celebrities are chosen.

The convention usually has for about 1200 members. The only task of the Bundesversammlung is to elect the Federal President.

Meeting 

The Bundesversammlung is called to meet by the President of the Bundestag, and the President of the Bundestag acts as Chairman of the Bundesversammlung.

The Bundesversammlung meets at least thirty days before the end of the Federal President's term of office ends, in order to elect the next president.  If the Federal President dies or is impeached, the Bundesversammlung meets within 30 days.

Electing the President 
The Bundesversammlung does not hold debates or question any of the candidates for president.
It chooses the next Federal President by an absolute majority vote.  If no-one has an absolute majority on the first and second ballot, then they hold a third ballot, and the winner is the person who has the highest number of votes.

German Bundestag 
Government of Germany
President of Germany
This article is about Friedrich Ebert Senior. For his son, who helped to found the GDR see Friedrich Ebert Jr.

Friedrich Ebert (4 February 1871 in Heidelberg – 28 February 1925 in Berlin) was a German politician (SPD). He was Chancellor of Germany and its first president during the Weimar period.

Ebert was a social democrat. He became leader of the SPD in 1913, when the last leader August Bebel died. He was a big part of the German Revolution of 1918–19, and when Germany became a republic he became the first Chancellor. His goal was to make Germany more peaceful. He did this by putting down the left, working with the right-wing Freikorps.

He was Chancellor until he died on 28 February 1925 from Septic Shock.

References

Other websites

1871 births
1925 deaths
Chancellors of the Weimar Republic
German people of World War I
Members of the Reichstag (German Empire)
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
People from Heidelberg
Politicians from Baden-Württemberg
Politicians of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
Presidents of the Weimar Republic
Presidents of Germany
Prussian politicians
Full Moon is the third studio album by R&B singer Brandy Norwood. It contains the hit songs like "What About Us", "Another Day In Paradise" and "Full Moon".

2002 albums
Brandy albums
U Don't Know Me (Like U Used To) – The Remix EP is the first EP by American R&B singer Brandy Norwood, released in 1999 (see 1999 in music). It was released for promotional use only.

Release
During 1999, her record company, Atlantic Records, released a 9-track remix EP entitled U Don't Know Me... Like U Used To – The Remix EP. The album contains remix versions with Da Brat, Ma$e, Fat Joe, Big Pun, Darkchild, DJ Premier and many other artists and producers. The album is seen as a maxi-single so the peak positions are the same as the peak positions of the single. The songs on U Don't Know Me did not have much success with a peak position of #79 on the U.S. Hot 100, 50 in Canada and 25 in the UK. The album's lead single was "U Don't Know Me (Like U Used To) [Remix]".

References

1999 albums
Brandy albums
The Boy Is Mine is an R&B song by singers Brandy and Monica. It was written by LaShawn Daniels, Fred Jerkins III, Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins and Brandy Norwood for Norwood's second studio album Never Say Never (1998) but eventually released as the lead single off of both singers' second albums during the second quarter of 1998 (see 1998 in music). Co-produced by Darkchild, Brandy and Dallas Austin, "The Boy Is Mine" has become one of the most successful R&B singles of all time. The song's lyrics tell a story about two women disputing the love of a man and were inspired by Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson's 1982 duet "The Girl Is Mine."

The song was number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 for 13 weeks in a row.  It finished as the second-best performing song of 1998 on that chart.

References

1998 songs
Brandy songs
Petr Eben (Žamberk, 22 January 1929; died Prague 24 October 2007) was a Czech composer and organist. Many musicians think of him as the most important Czech composer of the late 20th century. He was known world wide for his organ playing. He was especially good at improvisation.

His Life 

Eben grew up in Český Krumlov in south Bohemia. He learned to play the piano, and later the cello and organ. Because his father was a Jew he had to leave school in 1943 and spent the rest of the war years in concentration camp in Buchenwald. In the camp he saw many terrible things, including graves into which the Nazis were throwing lots of murdered Jews. These terrible things influenced his music in later years. He had a strong faith and this helped him to survive during 40 years of living in Czechoslovakia under communist rule.

After the war he went to Prague Academy for Music where he studied the piano with František Rauch and composition with Pavel Bořkovec. In 1955 he got a job as lecturer at Charles University in Prague. He stayed there until 1990. He was the country’s best composer, and he should have had promotion, but the communist politicians did not allow this. He went to church every Sunday with his family. This did not help his career in a communist state.

After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, when his country became free from the Soviet Union, he started to become a national hero. He was made Professor of Composition and president of the Prague Spring Music Festival. Many music festivals performed his compositions, and he traveled to hear the concerts in spite of the fact that he was starting to become ill. His music was often played in England, where he had spent two years as professor of composition at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester from 1978 to 1979. In March 2007 the BBC Symphony Orchestra under their Czech conductor Jiří Bělohlávek performed his Vox Clamantis, a work he had written in 1968 which shows the Czech people’s longing to be free.

His compositions 

Eben continued during his lifetime to develop the style of music in which he wrote. He was interested in Czech folk music and he wrote down many folk songs that he heard in Moravia. He listened to plainchant in church music. All this helped him to develop his own style of composition. He is best-known abroad for his organ music, especially works such as Musica Dominicalis (Sunday Music) which includes a popular piece called Moto Ostinato. Other organ works include Faust (1980), Job (1987) and A Festive Voluntary which is a set of variations on the tune of Good King Wenceslas, written for the reopening in 1986 of the organ at Chichester Cathedral which had just been restored. He also wrote a lot of music for orchestra as well as chamber music. He composed some beautiful music for children’s choir, including church music called Liturgical Songs.

References

1929 births
2007 deaths
Czech composers
Organists
20th-century composers