cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Roberto Landi (born January 2, 1956 in Forlì) is an Italian football manager, currently in charge of Scottish First Division side Livingston.

References 

1956 births
Living people
Italian football managers
Gordon Chisholm (born April 8 1960 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a former professional footballer. He is currently the manager of Scottish First Division club Dundee.

1963 births
Living people
Scottish football managers
Scottish footballers
Derek Adams (born 25 June 1975) is a former Scottish footballer.  As of 2011 he is manager at Ross County.

He is the son of George Adams.  George Adams is also a former player and is now the Director of Football at the Dingwall club.

References

1975 births
Living people
Scottish football managers
Scottish footballers
Derek John McInnes (born 5 July 1971 in Paisley, Renfrewshire) is a former professional footballer and current manager of Bristol City.

McInnes featured prominently for Greenock Morton, Rangers, West Bromwich Albion and Dundee United during his playing career.

McInnes became manager of St. Johnstone in November 2007. He guided the club to promotion to the Scottish Premier League in 2009 and kept that status for two seasons. McInnes was made manager of Bristol City on 19 October 2011.

References

1971 births
Living people
Scottish football managers
Scottish footballers
A gynoecium (from Ancient Greek gyne, "woman") is the female reproductive parts of a flower. The male parts are called the androecium. Some flowers have both female and male parts, and some do not.

Another key term is carpel. Carpels are the building blocks of a pistil. The gynoecium may have one pistil or more. A pistil may have one carpel or more than one stuck together ("fused"). Carpels and pistils have three parts: a stigma at the top where the pollen lands; a style and an ovary. In the case of a pistil, the stigma, style, and ovary may be made up of those parts of more than one carpel, fused.

Plant ovaries are the parts of the gynoecium which (much like animal ovaries) contain ovules. The style is generally stalklike. It is between the ovary at the bottom and the stigma at the top. In some plants, there are no styles in the pistils. The stigma is the pollen receptor at the top of the carpel. Stigmas may be separate or they may be in a region called the "stigmatic region".

Carpel anatomy 
A carpel is the basic unit of the female reproductive organ of a flower (the gynoecium).  The parts of the carpel are:
the stigma: the end portion which receives the pollen. It is usually sticky;
the style, a stalk connecting the stigma with the ovary. It has a tract, which helps the growth of the pollen tube so the male gamete gets to the ovule; and
the ovary has the female reproductive cell or ovule.

The ovule 

The ovule, when mature, has one or two coats round the central nucellus, except at the top where there is an opening, the micropyle. The nucellus  is a tissue round one large cell, the megaspore. The one large cell divides, giving the egg and some other cells.

An example of a simple carpel is that of a pea, bean or Arabidopsis: the fruit develops from the single carpel consisting of two rows of ovules aligned beside one another along the placental margin.

Pistil 
An alternative term for the female parts. This table shows how it is used:

References

Further reading 
 Esau K. 1965. Plant anatomy. 2nd ed,. John Wiley.

Reproductive system
Flowers
Plant anatomy
Saves the Day are a band who have played many genres of music during their career. They formed together in 1997, and have often changed their lineup, with singer Chris Conley being the only original member who is still in the band.

At first, Saves the Day was influenced heavily by melodic hardcore band Lifetime. At first, their songs had macabre lyrics and a lot of power chords. In 2001, they started to have more of a pop sound.

The band started to record a trilogy of albums in 2005. The first album, Sound the Alarm (2006), is more similar to the band's original sound than the band's previous albums. The second album, Under the Boards, was released in fall 2007 and mixed together many previous records' sounds. Daybreak, the concluding album in the trilogy, was released in 2011. They started recording it after a string of shows in late October 2008.

Albums

Studio albums 
 Can't Slow Down - 1998
 Through Being Cool - 1999
 Stay What You Are - 2001
 In Reverie - 2003
 Sound the Alarm - 2006
 Under the Boards - 2007
 Daybreak - 2011

Emo bands
American punk bands
American rock bands
Indie rock bands
Musical groups from New Jersey
2000s American music groups
1990s American music groups
Musical groups established in 1997
1997 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in New Jersey
Jesus Christ Superstar is a rock opera. It is based on the Gospel accounts of Jesus. Tim Rice wrote the lyrics and Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote the music. Superstar premiered on 12 October 1971 at the Mark Hellinger Theatre on Broadway. It opened on the West End in 1972. It was released as a movie in 1973 starring Ted Neeley and Carl Anderson.

1970s operas
Rock musicals
Musicals by Tim Rice
Musicals by Andrew Lloyd Webber
Broadway musicals
West End musicals
1970s musicals
Greenock (Gaelic Grianaig) is a large town in the Inverclyde council area of western Scotland. 

Greenock's population was recorded as being 45,467 in the 2001 census, a decrease from about 78,000 in 1966. It lies on the south bank of the Clyde at the "Tail of the Bank" where the River Clyde expands into the Firth of Clyde, and is in what was the county of Renfrewshire.

Towns in Inverclyde
Dumfries is a former royal burgh and town within the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland.  Its name means either fort or ridge of the thicket.  

Dumfries was the county town of the former county of Dumfriesshire. It has a population of 49,883.  This makes Dumfries one of the largest non-city areas in Scotland. 

Its nickname is Queen of the South, which is also the name of its local football team Queen of the South F.C..

Geography 
Dumfries is close to the Solway Firth, near the mouth of the River Nith. The River Nith runs through the centre of the town.

Its suburbs include: 
 Sandside
 Lochside
 Lincluden
 Troqueer
 Rotchell
 Marchmount
 Locharbriggs
 Heathhall
The eastern side of Dumfries has the DG1 post code, while the western side of the town has the DG2 postcode.

Education 
Dumfries has four main high schools, with three being in DG1. There is one primary school per key district. There is one college in the town, while the University of west of Scotland and the open university is on the same campus. Glasgow University also has a campus on the same site.

Towns in Scotland
Football Club Internazionale Milano, simply known as Inter and colloquially known as Inter Milan outside Italy is an Italian football club that plays in Serie A. Their home stadium is the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza. They are also the only Italian team to win the treble.
This club is well known as one of strongest team in Europe.

Name 
 1908 Foot-Ball Club Internazionale
 1928 Ambrosiana
 1932 Ambrosiana-Inter
 1945 Football Club Internazionale
 1967-present Football Club Internazionale Milano

Honours 
Serie A : 19
 1909/10, 1919/20, 1929/30, 1937/38, 1939/40, 1952/53, 1953/54, 1962/63, 1964/65, 1965/66, 1970/71, 1979/80, 1988/89, 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08, 2008/09, 2009/10,
2020/21

Coppa Italia:
 Winners (7): 1938–39, 1977–78, 1981–82, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2009–10, 2010-11
 Runners-up (6): 1958–59, 1964–65, 1976–77, 1999–00, 2006–07, 2007–08

Supercoppa Italiana: 5
 1989, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010

European Cup/UEFA Champions League: 3
1963-64, 1964-65, 2009-10

League position

Former position 

 1929/30 : Serie A - Champions
 1930/31 : Serie A - 5th
 1931/32 : Serie A - 6th
 1932/33 : Serie A - 2nd
 1933/34 : Serie A - 2nd
 1934/35 : Serie A - 2nd
 1935/36 : Serie A - 4th
 1936/37 : Serie A - 7th
 1937/38 : Serie A - Champions
 1938/39 : Serie A - 3rd
 1939/40 : Serie A - Champions
 1940/41 : Serie A - 2nd
 1941/42 : Serie A - 12th
 1942/43 : Serie A - 4th
 1944 : Campionato Alta - 3rd / Semifinal Group A
 1945/46 : Serie A - 4th / Final
 1946/47 : Serie A - 10th
 1947/48 : Serie A - 12th
 1948/49 : Serie A - 2nd
 1949/50 : Serie A - 3rd
 1950/51 : Serie A - 2nd
 1951/52 : Serie A - 3rd
 1952/53 : Serie A - Champions
 1953/54 : Serie A - Champions
 1954/55 : Serie A - 8th
 1955/56 : Serie A - 3rd
 1956/57 : Serie A - 5th

 1957/58 : Serie A - 9th
 1958/59 : Serie A - 3rd
 1959/60 : Serie A - 4th
 1960/61 : Serie A - 3rd
 1961/62 : Serie A - 2nd
 1962/63 : Serie A - Champions
 1963/64 : Serie A - 2nd
 1964/65 : Serie A - Champions
 1965/66 : Serie A - Champions
 1966/67 : Serie A - 2nd
 1967/68 : Serie A - 5th
 1968/69 : Serie A - 4th
 1969/70 : Serie A - 2nd
 1970/71 : Serie A - Champions
 1971/72 : Serie A - 5th
 1972/73 : Serie A - 4th
 1973/74 : Serie A - 4th
 1974/75 : Serie A - 9th
 1975/76 : Serie A - 4th
 1976/77 : Serie A - 4th
 1977/78 : Serie A - 5th
 1978/79 : Serie A - 4th
 1979/80 : Serie A - Champions
 1980/81 : Serie A - 4th
 1981/82 : Serie A - 5th
 1982/83 : Serie A - 3rd

 1983/84 : Serie A - 4th
 1984/85 : Serie A - 3rd
 1985/86 : Serie A - 6th
 1986/87 : Serie A - 3rd
 1987/88 : Serie A - 5th
 1988/89 : Serie A - Champions
 1989/90 : Serie A - 3rd
 1990/91 : Serie A - 3rd
 1991/92 : Serie A - 8th
 1992/93 : Serie A - 2nd
 1993/94 : Serie A - 13th
 1994/95 : Serie A - 6th
 1995/96 : Serie A - 7th
 1996/97 : Serie A - 3rd
 1997/98 : Serie A - 2nd
 1998/99 : Serie A - 8th
 1999/00 : Serie A - 4th

Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors

References

Other websites 
 Sito ufficiale FC Internazionale Milano

Italian football clubs
Milan
1908 establishments in Italy
Enzo Scifo (born 19 February 1966) is a former Belgian football player. He has played for Belgium national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1983/84||rowspan="4"|Anderlecht||rowspan="4"|First Division||25||5
|-
|1984/85||30||14
|-
|1985/86||31||5
|-
|1986/87||33||8

|-
|1987/88||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||28||4

|-
|1988/89||Girondins Bordeaux||Division 1||24||7
|-
|1989/90||rowspan="2"|Auxerre||rowspan="2"|Division 1||33||11
|-
|1990/91||34||14

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Torino||rowspan="2"|Serie A||30||9
|-
|1992/93||32||7

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="4"|Monaco||rowspan="4"|Division 1||31||6
|-
|1994/95||11||2
|-
|1995/96||34||7
|-
|1996/97||15||5

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Anderlecht||rowspan="3"|First Division||30||4
|-
|1998/99||27||8
|-
|1999/00||18||2
|-
|2000/01||Charleroi||First Division||12||3
206||49
90||20
182||52
478||121
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1984||8||1
|-
|1985||3||1
|-
|1986||12||3
|-
|1987||4||0
|-
|1988||4||0
|-
|1989||5||0
|-
|1990||9||2
|-
|1991||6||3
|-
|1992||6||1
|-
|1993||5||4
|-
|1994||6||0
|-
|1995||3||2
|-
|1996||4||0
|-
|1997||4||0
|-
|1998||5||1
|-
!Total||84||18
|}

References 

1966 births
Living people
Belgian footballers
Belgian football managers
Peter Phillip Bonetti (27 September 1941 – 12 April 2020) was an English football player. He played for England national team.

Bonetti died on 12 April 2020, aged 78, following a long illness.

Club career statistics

|-
|1959-60||rowspan="16"|Chelsea||rowspan="3"|First Division||6||0
|-
|1960-61||36||0
|-
|1961-62||33||0
|-
|1962-63||Second Division||39||0
|-
|1963-64||rowspan="12"|First Division||35||0
|-
|1964-65||41||0
|-
|1965-66||38||0
|-
|1966-67||38||0
|-
|1967-68||40||0
|-
|1968-69||41||0
|-
|1969-70||36||0
|-
|1970-71||28||0
|-
|1971-72||33||0
|-
|1972-73||23||0
|-
|1973-74||20||0
|-
|1974-75||8||0

|-
|1975||St. Louis Stars||North American Soccer League||21||0

|-
|1975-76||rowspan="4"|Chelsea||rowspan="2"|Second Division||27||0
|-
|1976-77||31||0
|-
|1977-78||rowspan="2"|First Division||31||0
|-
|1978-79||16||0

|-
|1979-80||Dundee United||Scottish Premier Division||5||0
600||0
21||0
5||0
626||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1966||1||0
|-
|1967||2||0
|-
|1968||1||0
|-
|1969||2||0
|-
|1970||1||0
|-
!Total||7||0
|}

References

1941 births
2020 deaths
English footballers
Sportspeople from London
Alan Shearer (born 13 August 1970) is a retired English footballer and BBC football pundit. He played for the England national team, and club teams: Southampton, Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United. He won the Premier League with Blackburn in the 1994/95 season. He is the person who has scored the most goals in the Premier League, as well as the 4th most goals for England. He played as a striker and was very good at taking penalties. Shearer is considered a legend in his hometown of Newcastle, and he is well respected in the rest of England as well because of his good playing for England. He also managed Newcastle for the last eight games of the 2008/2009 Premier League season.  The team only got five points out of 28 possible points and were relegated to the championship for the 2009/2010 season.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1987/88||rowspan="5"|Southampton||rowspan="5"|First Division||5||3||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||3
|-
|1988/89||10||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|1989/90||26||3||3||0||6||2||colspan="2"|-||35||5
|-
|1990/91||36||4||4||2||6||6||colspan="2"|-||46||12
|-
|1991/92||41||13||7||2||6||3||colspan="2"|-||54||18
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="4"|Blackburn Rovers||rowspan="4"|Premier League||21||16||0||0||5||6||colspan="2"|-||26||22
|-
|1993/94||40||31||4||2||4||1||colspan="2"|-||48||34
|-
|1994/95||42||34||2||0||3||2||3||1||50||37
|-
|1995/96||35||31||2||0||4||5||6||1||47||37
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="10"|Newcastle United||rowspan="10"|Premier League||36||25||3||1||1||1||5||1||40||28
|-
|1997/98||17||2||6||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||23||7
|-
|1998/99||30||14||6||5||2||1||2||1||40||21
|-
|1999/00||37||23||6||5||1||0||6||2||50||30
|-
|2000/01||19||5||0||0||4||2||colspan="2"|-||23||7
|-
|2001/02||37||23||5||2||4||2||colspan="2"|-||46||27
|-
|2002/03||35||17||1||1||0||0||12||7||48||25
|-
|2003/04||37||22||2||0||1||0||11||6||51||28
|-
|2004/05||38||7||4||1||1||0||9||11||42||29
|-
|2005/06||32||10||3||1||2||1||4||2||41||24
559||283||58||27||50||32||58||32||725||374
559||283||58||27||50||32||58||32||725||374
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1992||6||2
|-
|1993||1||0
|-
|1994||6||3
|-
|1995||8||0
|-
|1996||9||8
|-
|1997||5||3
|-
|1998||11||6
|-
|1999||10||6
|-
|2000||7||2
|-
!Total||63||30
|}

References 

1970 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
People from Newcastle upon Tyne
Sportspeople from Tyne and Wear
Premier League players
Dingwall is a town in the north of Scotland. It is home to the local football club, Ross County F.C.

Population: 5,470 (2016)

Dingwall is 198 km far from Edinburgh.

Towns in Scotland
Ruud Gullit (born 1 September 1962) is a Dutch former football player. He has played for the Netherlands national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1979/80||rowspan="3"|Haarlem||Eredivisie||24||4||||||colspan="2"|-||24||4
|-
|1980/81||Eerste Divisie||36||14||||||colspan="2"|-||36||14
|-
|1981/82||Eredivisie||31||14||||||colspan="2"|-||31||14
|-
|1982/83||rowspan="3"|Feyenoord Rotterdam||rowspan="3"|Eredivisie||33||9||||||colspan="2"|-||33||9
|-
|1983/84||33||15||12||9||4||1||49||25
|-
|1984/85||19||7||||||2||0||21||7
|-
|1985/86||rowspan="2"|PSV Eindhoven||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||34||24||2||1||2||0||38||25
|-
|1986/87||34||22||3||6||colspan="2"|-||37||28

|-
|1987/88||rowspan="6"|Milan||rowspan="6"|Serie A||29||9||5||3||2||1||36||13
|-
|1988/89||19||5||3||2||8||5||30||12
|-
|1989/90||2||0||0||0||1||0||3||0
|-
|1990/91||26||7||0||0||4||1||30||8
|-
|1991/92||26||7||4||1||colspan="2"|-||30||8
|-
|1992/93||15||7||9||4||4||0||28||11
|-
|1993/94||Sampdoria||Serie A||31||16||10||3||colspan="2"|-||41||19
|-
|1994/95||Milan||Serie A||8||3||0||0||3||0||11||3
|-
|1994/95||Sampdoria||Serie A||22||9||0||0||colspan="2"|-||22||9

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="3"|Chelsea||rowspan="3"|Premier League||14||3||7||3||colspan="2"|-||21||6
|-
|1996/97||12||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|-
|1997/98||6||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
244||109||17||16||8||1||269||126
178||63||31||13||22||7||231||83
32||4||8||3||colspan="2"|-||40||7
454||176||56||32||30||8||540||216
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1981||1||0
|-
|1982||5||1
|-
|1983||6||4
|-
|1984||4||0
|-
|1985||4||0
|-
|1986||6||1
|-
|1987||6||5
|-
|1988||8||2
|-
|1989||2||0
|-
|1990||9||1
|-
|1991||4||1
|-
|1992||8||2
|-
|1993||2||0
|-
|1994||1||0
|-
!Total||66||17
|}

References 

1962 births
Living people
1990 FIFA World Cup players
Dutch football managers
Dutch footballers
Sportspeople from Amsterdam
Eredivisie managers
Commodore is the common name for Commodore International Limited, a U.S. computer and electronics manufacturing company. Headquarters were in West Chester, Pennsylvania. In the 1960s and 70s they made adding machines and calculators. This company was important in the development of the home–personal computer in the late 1970s and 1980s. Commodore developed the first color computer sold under $300, known as the VIC-20 in 1981. The company sold about 22 million Commodore 64 machines, introduced in 1982. It is believed to be the biggest-selling computer in history. Commodore later released the Amiga computers in 1985. The company went bankrupt in 1994.

1954 establishments in the United States
 
Electronics companies of the United States
Toronto
1950s establishments in Pennsylvania
1994 disestablishments in the United States
Cappielow is a district of Greenock in Inverclyde, west central Scotland.  It is home to Scottish Football League side Greenock Morton F.C. The name Cappielow, usually refers to the Cappielow Park stadium, but it can also mean a small area of housing or the nearby industrial estate.

Football stadiums in Scotland
Almondvale Stadium is a football stadium in Livingston, West Lothian. It is the home of Scottish First Division club Livingston F.C..

The stadium, which used to be called the "City Stadium" because of a deal with the City Group, was built in 1995. It had also previously been called the "West Lothian Courier Stadium". Since the club was taken over by the Lionheart Consortium, it was changed back to its original name, Almondvale Stadium.  

It is hired by Livingston FC from West Lothian Council every year.  As Livingston moved up the divisions into the top flight of Scottish Football, they expanded the stadium to meet Premier League standards.

Football stadiums in Scotland
1995 establishments in the United Kingdom
1990s establishments in Scotland
McDiarmid Park is the home stadium of St. Johnstone Football Club from Perth, Scotland.  It has an all-seated capacity of 10,673. The record attendance is 10,525, which occurred on May 23, 1999, when Tayside rivals Dundee were the visitors for the last game of the season.

References

Football stadiums in Scotland
Judd Apatow (born December 6, 1967) is an American movie producer, director, and screenwriter. He is best known for producing a distinct series of critically and commercially successful comedy movies, including Anchorman (2004), The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Talladega Nights (2006), Knocked Up, Superbad (both 2007), Forgetting Sarah Marshall, Step Brothers and Pineapple Express (all 2008).

Filmography

Movies

Other movies

Television

References

1967 births
Living people
Movie directors from New York
Screenwriters from New York
Movie producers from New York
American television directors
American television writers
American television producers
Interstate 182 (sometimes called I-182) is a 15.19-mile longInterstate Highway in the state of Washington, going into the Tri-Cities. The road goes from Interstate 82 west of Richland to U.S. Route 12 in Pasco. It runs along U.S. Route 12 from Interstate 82 to U.S. Route 12, Washington State Route 240 through Richland, and U.S. Route 395 in Pasco.

References

182
Roads in Washington
Ellensburg is a city in the state of Washington.

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
County seats in Washington
Kittitas County, Washington
For the area in Tennessee, see Tri-Cities, Tennessee.
The Tri-Cities are a group of 3 cities in Washington. They are Richland, Pasco, and Kennewick.

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
Umatilla is a city in the state of Oregon. It was the former county seat of Umatilla  County. Its population was 6,906 at the 2010 United States Census.

References

Cities in Oregon
Richland is a city in the state of Washington.

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
Benton County, Washington
Pasco is a city in the state of Washington.

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
County seats in Washington
Selah is a city in the state of Washington.

Yakima County, Washington
Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
Union Gap is a city in the state of Washington.

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
Yakima County, Washington
Zillah is a city of Yakima County in the state of Washington in the United States. 2,198 people were living in Zillah as of 2000.

References 

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
Yakima County, Washington
Granger is a city in the state of Washington.

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
Yakima County, Washington
Sunnyside is a city in the state of Washington.

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
Yakima County, Washington
Grandview is a city in the state of Washington in the United States. The population of the city was 8,377 at the 2000 census.

History
Grandview was incorporated on September 21, 1909. It began as the midway point on the rail line between Prosser and Sunnyside.

Geography
Grandview is located at  (46.253670, -119.910133).

It has a total area of 5.4 square miles (14.0 km²). The whole of it is land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,377 people, 2,431 houses, and 1,956 families in the city. The density was 1,552.3 people per square mile. There were 51.12% White, 0.58% African American, 0.94% Native American, 0.94% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 43.27% from other races, and 3.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 68.04% of the population.

There were 2,431 households out of which 49.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them.  60.0% were married couples living together. 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present. 19.5% were non-families. 16.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.40 and the average family size was 3.80.

In the city the population was spread out with 36.2% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 16.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The average age was 27 years. For every 100 females there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.

The average income for a household in the city was $32,588, and the average income for a family was $36,165. Males had a median income of $29,321 versus $21,959 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,489. About 16.0% of families and 20.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.0% of those under age 18 and 17.6% of those age 65 or over.

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
Yakima County, Washington
1909 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Washington (state)
Prosser is a city in the state of Washington.

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
County seats in Washington
Benton County, Washington
Music of the Sun is the first studio album released by Barbadian singer Rihanna. The album was released on August 30, 2005 by Def Jam and SRP with the singles "Pon de Replay" and "If It's Lovin' that You Want. The album features a wide range types of music, including dancehall, reggae and R&B as well as elements of hip hop and Latin and features guest appearances from Vybz Kartel, Kardinal Offishall, J-Status and Elephant Man.

Singles 
"Pon de Replay" (2005)
"If It's Lovin' That You Want" (2005)

Track listing

Personnel
Credits for Music of the Sun are adapted from AllMusic.

Musicians

 Rihanna – vocals, composer
 Rob Mounsey – arranger/conductor
 Full Force – vocals (background)
 Carl Sturken – composer, guitar, keyboards, piano,
 Evangeline Evelyn – guitar
 Lawrence Glazener – bass
 Avril Brown – violin
 Kenneth Burward-Hoy - violin
 Yana Goichman – violin
 Ann Leathers – violin
 Cenovia Cummins – violin
 Jan Mullen – violin
 Elizabth Nielson – violin

 Debra Shufelt – violin
 Marti Sweet – violin
 Uri Vodoz – violin
 Carol Wener – violin
 Stephanie Cum – cello
 Richard Locker – cello
 Mark Orrin Shuman – cello
 Lian Truffle – cello
 Tristan Hart – viola
 Vince Lionti – viola
 Sue Pray – viola

Production

 Evan Rogers, Carl Sturken – Executive producers
 Full Force, Evan Rogers – Vocal production
 Full Force – Additional vocal production
 Al Hemberger, Matt Noble, Malcolm Pollack – Engineers
 Jason Agel, Roy Matthews, Alex Pinto – Assistant engineers
 Jason Goldstein, Jason Groucott, Al Hemberger – Mixing

 Chris Gehringer  – Mastering
 Jay Brown, Adrienne Muhammad, Tyran "Ty Ty" Smith – A&R
 Tai Linzie – Design
 Andy West – Art Direction
 Tai Linzie, Mark Mann, Ivan Otis – Photography

 Johnny Nice- Mixed by

Charts

Certifications

|-
!scope="row"| Canada (CRIA)
| Platinum
| 80,000
|-

|-

|-
!scope="row"| United Kingdom (BPI)
| Gold
| 100,000
|-
!scope="row"| United States (RIAA)
| Gold
| 623,000
|-

Release history

References

2005 albums
Rihanna albums
Debut albums
Dancehall albums
Reggae albums
R&B albums
Benton City is a city in the state of Washington. About 2,600 people live in Benton City as of 2002.

References 

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
Benton County, Washington
"Pon de Replay" is the debut single recorded by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna, from her debut studio album Music of the Sun (2005). It was written and produced by Vada Nobles, Alisha "M'Jestie" Brooks, Carl Sturken and Evan Rogers. Her debut single, the song was released on May 24, 2005 as the lead single from the album. It is a dancehall, reggae and R&B song that means "play it again" in one of Barbadoss official langauges.

Info 
The song peaked at number 2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, becoming her first Top 5 single; it also peaked at number 1 in New Zealand, number 2 in the UK and at number 6 and number 7 in Australia and Canada, respectively. The beat for "Pon de Replay" was also used in Natasja Saad's hit "Mon De Reggae". Pon de Replay was also a major dance hit topping both the Hot Dance Music/Club Play and the Dance Radio Airplay chart for 2 weeks. It also performed well on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks charts peaking at #24; most of its chart points had been received from airplay from pop stations and from its digital downloads. In an unusual situation, the track reached #6 on the Hot Rap Tracks, an unlikely supporter of the song. On the non-Billboard chart, ARC Top 40, the track also hit #1. Pop girl group Girl Authority covered the song in 2006 for their debut album. The song was the 21st best sell of 2005 with 3,970,000 units sold.

The hit single, "Pon de Replay" was first made public in the mainstream media on March 17, 2005 by publicist, Jonathan Hay through co-producer Vada Nobles on MTV News.

Track listing 
 CD single (European version)
 "Pon de Replay" (Radio edit) (Brooks, Alisha/Rogers, Evan/Sturken, Carl/Nobles, Vada) — 3:34
 "Pon de Replay" (Remix featuring Elephant Man) (Brooks, Alisha/Rogers, Evan/Sturken, Carl/Nobles, Vada) — 3:37

 CD maxi-single (European version)
 "Pon de Replay" (Brooks, Alisha/Rogers, Evan/Sturken, Carl/Nobles, Vada) — 3:36
 "Pon de Replay" (Cotto's Replay Dub) (Brooks, Alisha/Rogers, Evan/Sturken, Carl/Nobles, Vada) — 6:48
 "Pon de Replay" (Instrumental) (Brooks, Alisha/Rogers, Evan/Sturken, Carl/Nobles, Vada) — 4:05
 Extras:
"Pon de Replay" (Video) — 3:37

Music Video 
In the music video, directed by Little X, Rihanna and her friends arrive at the club where everybody is bored and not dancing because of the low music. Rihanna steps up and sings the song, causing the DJ to turn the music up and everybody to start dancing. The music video also features Rihanna doing some belly dancing moves. The music video was also popular receiving much play from MTV and BET. It peaked at #2 on MTV's Total Request Live spending 37 days on the countdown; it was not able to retire due to the early introduction of the music video for her second single, "If It's Lovin' That You Want". The video reached #4 on BET's 106 & Park and remained on the countdown for over 20 days.

Covers & Parodies 

"Weird Al" Yankovic covered part of the song in his polka medley Polkarama! from the album Straight Outta Lynwood.

References 

2005 songs
Rihanna songs
Debut singles
Reggae songs
Dancehall songs
R&B songs
Kennewick is a city in the state of Washington.

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
Benton County, Washington
An outlaw or bandit or thug is a person who is "outside the law" usually because they have committed serious crimes. A longtime criminal can be declared an outlaw, which means the outlaw cannot use the legal system to protect himself if needed.

Famous outlaws
The Emperor Nero was made an outlaw by the Roman Senate in 68 AD
Robin Hood, the English folk hero, who was probably a combination of several real and legendary outlaws.
Martin Luther was outlawed in 1521.
Carmine Crocco, the most famous Italian outlaw of the XIX century, an escaped convict who joined the liberal revolution of Garibaldi but returned to banditry because he didn't get the promised forgiveness. Then he became the leader of 2.000 men, heading the most feared peasant army in southern Italy at the time. 
Ben Hall, the Australian bushranger. The government passed a law in 1865 which outlawed the gang and made it legal for anyone to kill them. There was no need for the outlaws to be arrested, or for there to be a trial.
Billy the Kid, American gunman and cowboy who took part in the Lincoln County War.
Ned Kelly, the Australian bushranger. The government passed a law on 30 October 1878 to make the Kelly gang outlaws. They no longer had any legal rights. They could be killed by anyone.
Jesse James (1847–1882), from the American state of Missouri, who committed a series of bank, stagecoach and train robberies in the years following the American Civil War.

References 

Criminals
Kittitas County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. The county seat is Ellensburg, Washington. In 2005, 36,841 people lived there.   The county includes  of which 2,297 are land (the rest is water). The highest point is Mount Daniel at .

 
19th-century establishments in Washington (state)
1883 establishments in the United States
Borshch (, , Lithuanian: barščiai, ) is a type of sour red beet soup. It is the main first meal in Ukrainian cuisine. It is also oftenly eaten in Eastern European countries, such as Russia, Romania, Poland, Belarus, Moldova and Lithuania. It contains red beets, sausage, onion, potatoes and cabbage. Borshch soup is usually eaten with a piece of black bread. It is also eaten in central Asian countries like Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan.

References 

Soups
Belarus
Latvia
Lithuanian culture
Moldova
Polish food
Romanian food
Russian culture
Ukrainian food

ro:Borș
Tlaxcala is the smallest state in Mexico with about a million people. It is in central Mexico, east of Mexico (state) and west of Puebla (state).

 
States of Mexico
The International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU) was a program launched in January 2006 as a leading co-operative network of 10 international research-intensive universities. The president of the IARU is Australian National University Vice-Chancellor Professor Ian Chubb.

Its members are:
  Australian National University
  University of Cambridge
  University of Oxford
  University of California, Berkeley
  Yale University
  Peking University
  National University of Singapore
  University of Tokyo
  University of Copenhagen
  ETH Zurich

Education
2006 establishments
International organizations
Rodman "Rod" Serling (December 25, 1924 – June 28, 1975) was American screenwriter, radio and television narrator and producer. He is best known for producing and hosting the television series The Twilight Zone.  In 1973 and 1974, he hosted a syndicated radio program.

After three emergency surgeries, Serling died during surgery on 28 June 1975 from heart problems.  He was buried on  July 2 1975 in Interlaken, New York. He was married to Carolyn Kramer.

In 1994, computers were used to have him host a television movie of the Twilight Zone using old images of him.

American screenwriters
American military people
American television presenters
Writers from New York
Actors from New York
1924 births
1975 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
The Masoretic Text is a copy of the Hebrew Bible that was written by the Masoretes between the 6th and 10th centuries.

The Masoretic Text is an authority because it is the source for most translations of the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament.

Standardisation
Before the first century CE, there were some small differences between copies of the Hebrew Bible. During first century CE, Jewish Bible specialists agreed on the same words, a process called standardisation.

Between about 100 and 300 CE, a group of Jewish Bible specialists called the Tannaim copied this Hebrew Bible. Then between about 300 and 500 CE, another group of Jewish Bible specialists called the Amoraim continued the work of the Tannaim. The Masoretes then continued the Amoraim's work for the next 500 years.

The Masoretes' Work
The Masoretes were very careful when they copied the Bible. When they thought there was a mistake in the work of the Amoraim or the other specialists, they wrote a note in the side of the book, rather than change the book. After they copied a book, they counted the verses, words and letters in each book to make sure there were no mistakes.

The Masoretes also added vowel points to make the Bible easier to read because the Hebrew writing does not show vowels.

There were two main places where Masoretes worked: Babylon and Israel. The Masoretes also wrote book about the Bible called the Masorah.

Further reading
The Journey from Texts to Translations: The Origin and Development of the Bible, by Paul D. Wegner (1999), BridgePoint Books. 

Bible versions
Golant is a small village in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is in the parish of St Sampson on the banks of the Fowey estuary and between St. Austell and Polperro. The church in the villiage is dedicated to St. Sampson.

Golant railway station was at one time by the river to the south of the village.  It was served by trains on the Great Western Railway's Fowey branch line from 1 July 1896 until 4 January 1965. The station has since been removed. The space is now used for a car park.

Annie Vernon, the Olympic rower, first learned her sport at Golant's Castle Dore Rowing Club.

History 
Until very recently, Golant has been almost unknown except to the people who live there and pilgrims and other walkers of the Saints' Way. Nearby, there is a little used ford across the Fowey estuary. In late summer 1644, during the first English Civil War, war came to Golant and the area around the village. A large group of about 10,000 Parliamentary soldiers  fought against the forces of King Charles on the peninsula between Lostwithiel, St Blazey and Fowey. King Charles was in the area at the time.

References

Villages in Cornwall
Haumea (symbol ) is a dwarf planet in the Solar System. Its discovery was announced in 2005 by astronomers Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo and David Rabinowitz of the United States, and J. L. Ortiz of Spain. It was classified as a dwarf planet on September 17, 2008. Haumea is a Trans-Neptunian object, because it orbits the Sun after Neptune. It has two known moons, Hiʻiaka and Namaka.  Haumea is special because of its very short day and odd shape.  It turns once on its axis every four hours.    This quick turning has caused Haumea to be shaped like an ellipsoid. It was the fifth discovered dwarf planet.

Name 
The object was originally nicknamed 'Santa' as it was discovered shortly after Christmas. In 2008, the International Astronomical Union gave it the proper name Haumea, after a Hawaiian god of childbirth and fertility.

Rings 
A stellar occultation observed on January 21, 2017 and described in an October 2017 Nature article indicated the presence of a ring around Haumea. This represents the first ring system discovered for a TNO. The ring has a radius of about 2,287 km, a width of ~70 km and an opacity of 0.5. It is well within Haumea's Roche limit, which would be at a radius of about 4,400 km if it were a sphere (not being a sphere pushes the limit out farther). The ring plane is inclined 3.2°±1.4° with respect to Haumea's equatorial plane and approximately coincides with the orbital plane of its larger, outer moon Hiʻiaka. The ring is also close to the 1:3 orbit-spin resonance with Haumea's rotation (which is at a radius of 2,285 ± 8 km from Haumea's center). The ring is estimated to contribute 5% to the total brightness of Haumea.

References

Other websites 
 NASA visualization of the orbit 
 Entry at Mike Brown's Planets, explaining how he discovered it
 Michael Brown's webpage

Dwarf planets
"Psychosocial" is the second single and fourth track from Slipknot's fourth studio album, All Hope Is Gone which was released August 26 2008.

Music video

The music video for "Psychosocial" was shot at Sound Farm studios in Jamaica, Iowa on June 30, 2008. The shoot was delayed due to an unrelated head injury sustained by turntablist Sid Wilson before the shoot, who was subsequently hospitalized. On July 18, 2008 the video premiered on MTV's FNMTV show, hosted by Pete Wentz. The video, which was directed by Paul Brown, was shot using high-end cameras which shoot 1,000 frames per second and are contrasted with traditional 35 mm hand crank camera equipment. Percussionist Shawn Crahan explains; "we have the most extreme on both ends, with nothing in the middle. That's what the video is, and nobody does that. There's an art form behind it."

During an interview with Kerrang!, guitarist James Root revealed that the video features the burning of the purgatory masks adorned by the band members in the splash teaser photos shown on Slipknot's website, reportedly because the masks represent the band's ego.

The are two versions of the video. One uses the album version of the song, whilst the other uses a much shorter version of the song; excluding the "Limit of the Dead!" lines.
This song was nominated to best rock video at the VMA´s 2008.

Personnel

 (#0) Sid Wilson – Turntables
 (#1) Joey Jordison – Drum kit
 (#2) Paul Gray – Bass guitar
 (#3) Chris Fehn – Percussion instrument, backing vocals
 (#4) Jim Root – Electric guitar
 (#5) Craig Jones – Sampler (musical instrument),
 (#6) Shawn Crahan – Percussion instrument, backing vocals,
 (#7) Mick Thomson – Electric guitar
 (#8) Corey Taylor – Vocals

References

2008 songs
Slipknot songs
Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III (born on June 5, 1979) better known as Pete Wentz, is an American musician and songwriter. He is most famous for his work with the Chicago-based band Fall Out Boy. In recent years, he has also become an entrepreneur and the host of the MTV program, FNMTV. 

Wentz has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Ashlee Simpson divorced him.

Fall Out Boy came off hiatus in 2013, releasing a new single "My Songs Know What You Did in the Dark (Light 'Em Up)" and an album Save Rock and Roll, along with a supporting Spring tour. They will be going on the Save Rock and Roll Arena Fall Tour this September with pop punk group Panic! at the Disco and rapper Big Sean in support of the album as well.

References

1979 births
Living people
American guitarists
American punk musicians
American rock musicians
American singer-songwriters
Fall Out Boy
Musicians from Chicago
Singers from Chicago
People with bipolar disorder
Dwayne Michael Carter Jr. (born September 27, 1982), known professionally as Lil Wayne, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record executive from New Orleans, Louisiana. He joined the Cash Money Records collective as a teenager. He worked with B.G. on the album True Story and eventually recorded for the label. Get It How U Live, released in 1997, was Lil Wayne's first album with Hot Boys, and Tha Block is Hot, his solo debut, came out 1999. Block debuted in the top ten on the American Billboard 200 chart and Lil Wayne was nominated for "Best New Artist" from magazine the same year. Following this success, Wayne soon featured on other rappers' singles, including "Bling Bling" by B.G. and "#1 Stunna" by the Big Tymers in 2000.

Career
After his hit debut album Tha Block Is Hot and two albums released with little promotion, Lil Wayne reached higher popularity with 2004's Tha Carter and its two subsequent albums Tha Carter II (2005) and Tha Carter III (2008). During that period, Lil Wayne appeared on several mixtapes and singles of other artists.

2008: Tha Carter III
Initially planned to be released in 2007, Tha Carter III's largest delay came after the majority of the tracks were leaked and distributed on mixtapes, such as "The Drought Is Over Pt. 2" and "The Drought Is Over Pt. 4". Lil Wayne initially decided to use the leaked tracks, plus four new tracks, to make a separate album, titled Tha Carter III: The Leak. The Leak was to be released December 18, 2007, with the actual album being delayed until March 18, 2008, The release of The Leak in this format never came to fruition, but an official EP titled The Leak and containing five tracks was released digitally on December 25, 2007.

Personal life

Health issues
On March 12, 2013, Lil Wayne was hospitalized in Los Angeles after having many seizures. TMZ reported that Wayne is breathing through tubes and is moved to an Intensive Care Unite.

Discography

Studio albums
 1999: Tha Block Is Hot
 2000: Lights Out
 2002: 500 Degreez
 2004: Tha Carter
 2005: Tha Carter II
 2008: Tha Carter III
 2010: Rebirth
 2010: I Am Not a Human Being
 2011: Tha Carter IV
 2013: I Am Not a Human Being II
 2018: The Carter V

Extended plays
 2007: The Leak

Mixtapes
 2003: SQ1-SQ7 (with Sqad Up)
 2003: Da Drought
 2004: Da Drought 2
 2004: The Prefix
 2005: The Suffix
 2005: The Dedication
 2006: Dedication 2
 2007: Da Drought 3
 2008: Dedication 3
 2009: No Ceilings
 2011: Sorry 4 the Wait
 2012: Dedication 4

Filmography

Television
 The Boondocks (2007), Jericho's son

References

1982 births
Living people
African American musicians
Rap musicians from Louisiana
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from New Orleans, Louisiana
Singers from New Orleans, Louisiana
The Carter III is the sixth studio album by rapper Lil Wayne. The album contains singles like "Lollipop", "Got Money", "A Milli", "Mrs. Officer", and "Mr. Carter". It has been certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America and has sold 3.6 million copies in the United States.

Tracklisting 
 3 Peat
 Mr. Carter (feat. Jay-Z)
 A Milli
 Got Money (feat. T-Pain)
 Comfortable (feat. Babyface)
 Dr. Carter
 Phone Home
 Tie My Hands (feat. Robin Thicke)
 Mrs. Officer (feat. Bobby Valentino)
 Let the Beat Build
 Shoot Me Down (feat. D. Smith)
 Lollipop (feat. Static Major)
 La La (feat. Brisco & Busta Rhymes)
 Playing with Fire (feat. Betty Wright)
 You Ain't Got Nuthin (feat. Fabolous & Juelz Santana)
 Misunderstood

Other websites
 

2008 albums
Lil Wayne albums
Saral is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 33°5'39N 72°55'18E.

References 

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Spit It Out is the second single from the album Slipknot by metal band Slipknot. It was released on September 4, 2000 and is off their debut album Slipknot.

Slipknot songs
2000 songs
The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE (), is the agency responsible for statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil. The IBGE performs a national census every ten years, and the questionnaires account for information such as age, household income, literacy, education, occupation and hygiene levels.
The IBGE's headquarters is located in Rio de Janeiro.

Other websites 
 IBGE website

Rio de Janeiro
Government agencies
Barclays is a major bank. It was founded in 1690.

References

Other websites 
Barclays official website

Banks of England
1690 establishments
17th-century establishments in England
1690s establishments in Europe
The Beano is a weekly British children's comic. The first issue was on July 30, 1938. Annuals are released each year.

Beano characters

Norman
Minnie the Minx
Dennis the Menace
The Bash Street Kids
Little Plum
Ball Boy
Ivy the Terrible 
Billy Whizz
Ratz
Robbie Rebel
Gnasher
Gnipper
Lord Snooty
Les Pretend
Stanley the Rottweiler
Billy the Cat
Rodger the Dodger
The Numskulls
Fred (Fred's bed)
Jonny Bean
Charlie the Fox
Lewis Blair

Other websites
The Beano Comic web site

Magazines of the United Kingdom
Dunedin is a city in New Zealand, Ōtepoti in Maori, is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the main city of the region of Otago. The city stands on the hills and valleys surrounding the head of Otago Harbour. The harbour and hills are the remnants of an extinct volcano. It is the home of the University of Otago.

Twinning 
Dunedin is twinned with several cities throughout the world. These include:

Cities in New Zealand
Dunfermline Building Society (which includes Dunfermline Direct) is a trading division of Nationwide Building Society. 

Nationwide Building Society is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority for life assurance, pensions, investments, insurance and regulated mortgages.

Banks of Scotland
1869 establishments in the United Kingdom
The Big Mac Index is an economic index which compares the purchasing power of two currencies. It looks at how expensive a Big Mac is in different countries. 

The Big Mac Index was first written about in The Economist magazine in September 1986.  They have published the index each year since then. The McDonald's Big Mac was chosen because it is made in a similar way with similar ingredients in many countries around the world.

The exchange rate between two countries can be compared by dividing the price of a Big Mac in one country (in its currency) by the price of a Big Mac in another country (in its currency).  This value is then compared with the actual exchange rate.  If the rate is lower, then the first currency is under-valued (according to purchasing power parity (PPP) theory) compared with the second currency. Conversely, if the rate is higher, then the first currency is over-valued.

For example, using figures in July 2008:
the price of a Big Mac was $3.57 in the United States 
the price of a Big Mac was £2.29 in the United Kingdom (Britain)
using exchange rates at July 2008, the  Big Mac in Britain could be bought for $4.57
the implied purchasing power parity was 1.56, that is the local price in Britain divided by the price in the United States
this compares with an actual exchange rate of $2.00 to £1 at the time
the pound was thus overvalued against the dollar by 28% 
i.e. the actual exchange rate divided by implied purchasing parity -> 2 divided by 1.56 = 1.28

Related pages
 KFC Index

References

Other websites 
 Big Mac Index 1986-2009

Economics
McDonald's
An economic index is a number that is calculated from different economic factors, like prices or income. These numbers are calculated to be able to compare different economies in different countries. An example for such an index would be the Gross Domestic Product (or GDP).

Usually, the base is given a value of 100 and all later data is expressed in relation to this base. 
For example, the consumer price index (CPI) of a year might stand at 95 (a fall of 5 percent in the prices) or 105 (an increase of 5 percent in the prices).

Indexes (indices) also measure up and down movement of industrial production, and of the market prices of bonds, commodities, shares, etc.

Economics
All Hope Is Gone is the second single off the album by Slipknot called All Hope Is Gone.

2008 songs
Slipknot songs