cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Meningitis is an infection of certain membranes and tissues of the nervous system. Those are called meninges (singular: meninx). Their function is to protect the central nervous system. Most often, this infection is caused by microorganisms, like viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites. The most common cause of meningitis are viruses, followed by bacteria. Meningitis is a life-threatening condition. It affects all age groups.

Some kinds of meningitis are very easy to spread. For this reason, in certain countries, like Germany, doctors have to tell the authorities that someone might have meningitis.

Signs of meningitis 
Some signs  of meningitis can be: high fever, sometimes with chills; very strong headache; nauseas and vomiting; drowsiness or confusion; twitching; sleepiness; sore throat; delirium (especially in children); seizures; and stiff neck (in less than 50% of the cases, but may be a telltale sign).

Types
The two main forms of meningitis are bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis. In bacterial meningitis, most patients die without treatment, whereas in viral meningitis most patients get better on their own. Herpes virus meningitis may respond to an antiviral drug.

Related pages
 Encephalitis, the inflammation (swelling) of the brain

References

Other websites 
 
 WHO: Meningococcal meningitis
 Merck Manual: Central nervous system infections
 Vaccination information from the NHS, UK
 CDC: Meningococcal disease 
 CNN Health Library, Meningitis 
 Information on Meningitis UK and the charity's search for a vaccine
 Information from the Meningitis Trust
 Information from the Meningitis Trust in New Zealand 

Infectious diseases
Mental confusion (often simply called confusion) is a symptom. People suffering from it have problems finding their way around in the world. They have troubles remembering who they are, where they are, or what time (or day of the week) it is. Additionally, they may have trouble remembering things or memorizing new things. This may be linked to problems focusing their attention. Confusion can also be a sign of someone being sick with various illnesses when it's coupled with things like fever, chills, or exhaustion.

Medical causes of confusion 
Confusion can be caused by many different medical problems.

There are both acute and chronic causes of confusion.

Acute causes of confusion 
Acute causes of confusion usually come on suddenly, and doctors may be able to fix some of them.

In medicine, the acronym AEIOU-TIPS is used to remember the most common causes of confusion that comes on suddenly (over hours or days, not years):
 Alcohol (being drunk) or Acidosis (having too much acid in the blood, which poisons the body)
 Environmental causes (like being very cold) or Epilepsy (being confused after a seizure)
 Infection (like meningitis, an infection of the brain's lining) 
 Overdose (taking too much medicine or too many illegal drugs)
 Uremia (poisons building up in the blood because of kidney problems) or Underdose (not taking enough prescribed medicine)
 Trauma (injury, especially to the head)
 Insulin (confusion because of a blood sugar emergency - blood sugar is either too low or much too high)
 Psychogenic (when mental illness causes confusion)
 Stroke (when not enough blood and oxygen gets part of the brain)

Confusion can also happen when the brain is not getting enough blood and oxygen.  For example, this can happen because of:
 Low blood pressure (when the heart is not pumping hard enough to get blood and oxygen to the brain)
 If the heart is beating too slow, or too fast, or not regularly (making the heart unable to get blood and oxygen up to the brain)
 A breathing problem that makes it impossible to get enough oxygen into the body (like a bad asthma attack, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD))

Chronic causes of confusion
Chronic causes of confusion usually come on less suddenly and last for a long time (months or years).  For example:
 Dementia or Alzheimer's disease can cause a person to be confused most of the time, or all of the time
 Traumatic brain injury, or any other kind of damage to the brain
 A brain tumor

References

Symptoms
Lick It Up is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on September 18, 1983.

Track listing 
Exciter
Not For The Innocent
Lick It Up
Young And Wasted
Gimme More
All Hell's Breakin' Loose
A Million To One
Fits Like A Glove
Dance All Over Your Face
And On The 8th Day

Kiss albums
1983 albums
Heavy metal albums
Hard rock albums
Wesleyan University, is a private liberal arts university in Middletown, Connecticut. It was founded by Methodist leaders and the people of Middletown in 1831. The university was the first college or university to be named after John Wesley, the founder of Methodism. Wesleyan is one of the three small New England colleges that make up the "Little Three" (or the "Little Ivies"): the others are Amherst and Williams Colleges.

History 
Wesleyan was founded as an all-male Methodist college in 1831. In 1872 it became one of the first American colleges to let female students attend. Some of Wesleyan's male alumni did not think that letting women go to the school was a good thing. They believed that it made Wesleyan look bad. Wesleyan stopped letting women got there and from 1912 to 1970 Wesleyan operated as an all-male college. Wesleyan began letting women attend again in 1970. At that time many females had went to the all-female Connecticut College in nearby New London, Connecticut.

Other websites 
 Wesleyan University
 Virtual Wesleyan  - An award-winning, interactive guide to Wesleyan University
 The Wesleyan Connection  - Official newsletter of the University administration
 Wesleyan Student Assembly 

Methodism
Christianity in the United States
Colleges and universities in Connecticut
1831 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Connecticut
Ben 10 is an American animated television show. The first episode was shown on December 27, 2005-present on Cartoon Network. The main character, Ben Tennyson, is a ten-years old boy who can turn himself into many different aliens including 10 original aliens. Ben and his rival girl cousin named Gwen are on summer with their grandpa, Max Tennyson.   The main villains are Vilgax, Kevin Levin and occasionally Charmcaster and the Forever Knights.

Danish Voice Cast 
 Albert Thorup – Ben Tennyson
 Amalie Dollerup – Gwen Tennyson
 Max Hansen – Max Tennyson
 Morten Hemmingsen – Kevin Levin
 Mathias Klenske – Kevin Levin

Additional Voices
 Kristian Holst-White
 Annevig Schelde Ebbe
 Niels Weyde
 Donald Andersen
 Peter Røschke
 Mathias Klenske
 Vibeke Dueholm
 Morten Hemmingsen
 Ole Fick
 Niclas Mortensen
 Søren Thorup
 Oliver Berg
 Thea Iven Ulstrup

Seasons 
Season 01 (2005-2006)
Season 02 (2006-06)
Season 03 (2006-07)                                                                                                                            *Season 04 (2007-08)
Season 05 (2008-08)
Season 06 (2008-09)
Season 07 (2009-2010)
Season 08 (2010-10)
Season 09 (2011-11)
Season 10 (2011-12)
Season 11 (2012-12)
Season 12 (2013-13)
Season 13 (2013-13)
Season 14 (2014-14)
Season 15 (2014-14)
Season 16 (2015-15)
Season 17 (2015-16)
Season 18 (2016)
Season 19 (2017-17)
Season 20 (2018-18)
Season 21 (2019-19)
Season 22 (2020)

References

Channel Links
 
Cartoon Network series
American science fiction television series
2000s American animated television series
2010s American animated television series
English-language television programs
2005 television series debuts
Karol Maciej Szymanowski (6 October 1882 - 29 March 1937) was a Polish composer. Next to Frederic Chopin, Karol was Poland's most famous composer. He is thought to be one of the greatest Polish composers of the first half of the 20th century.

Early life 
Szymanowski was born on his family's estate in Tymoszówka in what is today Ukraine. He studied in Berlin and Warsaw.

Music 
His music can be divided into three phases.

Early works before World War I showed his repertoire for the works of Frederic Chopin, Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss.

The second phase is influenced by the Orient and Mediterranean cultures. His music during this phase resulted in many of his best known compositions.

The third phase began in 1921. It has much what is similar to Polish folk themes. This work defined Polish themed music and is thought to include his greatest works. Initially, his music was not well accepted in Poland.

Works 
The works of Szymanowski include four symphonies, two violin concertos, the operas Hagith and King Roger, the ballet-pantomime Harnasie, the oratorio Stabat Mater, as well as many piano, violin, vocal and choral compositions. His most popular works was his ballet Harnasie and opera King Roger. "Harnasie" was first shown in Prague and later shown at the Paris Opera. It was received with acclamation and enthusiasm,  both by critics and the public. Health and financial problems brought his work to an end in 1934. Szymanowski died after a short stay in a sanatorium in Lausanne, Switzerland.

 Karol Szymanowski's "Stabat Mater". Spanish Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra. Thomas Dausgaard, conductor. Live concert.

Death 
He died of tuberculosis in Lausanne, Switzerland on 28 March 1937. He was buried on 7 April 1937 at the cemetery for the Polish nobles, in Pauline in Krakow.

References 

20th-century composers
Deaths from tuberculosis
Disease-related deaths in Switzerland
LGBT composers
Polish composers
1882 births
1937 deaths
Animalize is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on September 13, 1984.

Track listing 

1984 albums
Heavy metal albums
Hard rock albums
Kiss albums
Eubie Blake (February 7, 1883 or 1887 - February 12, 1983) was an American pianist and composer. There is some confusion about his birth date. During the latter part of his life he had said that he was born in 1883. However, recently released documents - the 1900 United States census, his World War 1 draft card, his Social Security registration and his passport registration - all say that he was born in 1887. People saying they were born earlier than they actually were ("back dating") was common with musicians from that time. Jelly Roll Morton is another well known example of this. Blake also said that he composed his "Charleston Rag" in 1899. If this was true, he would have been 12 years old at the time. There is no evidence he was composing at that age or at that time. People who study ragtime believe this may be another case of "backdating". Blake was born in Baltimore, Maryland.

American jazz musicians
American composers
American pianists
Writers from Baltimore
Musicians from Baltimore
1887 births
1983 deaths
A television director directs the activities involved in making a television program. He or she is part of a television crew. A television director is different from a movie director. In television the producer usually has creative control. In movies, the director has creative control. Most television directors specialize in directing one type of television program.

Duties
A television director has a complex job that includes approving scripts, setting up camera shots, laying out scenes and deciding on lighting. The director is responsible for directing of live broadcasts, filming programs, post-production editing and mixing. A director also supervises the technical crew. 

A director's duties can be very different depending on the type of program. For example a drama recorded in a studio is different from a live event outside the studio. In a dramatic arts production, the television director's job can be similar to that of a movie director. A director gives cues to actors and directs the camera placement and movement. Often, in a television series, different directors will work on different episodes.

Related pages 
Producer
Screenwriter
Television presenter
Television producer

References

Other websites 
 Television Director at The Museum of Broadcast Communications 

Television directors
Roseanne is an American television sitcom. It was shown on ABC from 1988 to 1997. It stars comedian Roseanne Barr. The series is about a working-class family living in fictional city of Lanford, Illinois. For many years, Roseanne was more truthful than other series of the time in how it showed family life. They dealt with tough subjects, for example poverty, alcoholism, narcotics, sex, first menstrual periods, masturbation, obesity, feminism, domestic violence, nudity and homosexuality. Another important thing in the series was Roseanne's control in raising her children. Her husband Dan (John Goodman) felt as though he had no say in their house. Roseanne was important for women because it was one of the first series to put an overweight, powerful, yet smart woman as the main character.

The series had very high viewing figures from its start. It spent its first six seasons in the top five of the Nielsen ratings. During the seventh season the series dropped some in ratings, but still stayed in the top 10 of the Nielsen ratings. However, during its ninth, and final season, the show's ratings dropped much and had fallen out of the top thirty.

Season 10 aired from March 27–May 22, 2018. On March 30, an eleventh season was ordered.

However, on May 29, 2018, the show was cancelled by ABC after Barr tweeted a message about Valerie Jarrett (an aide to President Barack Obama) that was viewed as racist.  Barr wrote:

Comedienne and actress Wanda Sykes, a consulting producer of the reboot, resigned before the show's cancellation due to the tweet.

References

Other websites 

1988 American television series debuts
2018 television series endings
1980s American sitcoms
1990s American sitcoms
2010s American sitcoms
Illinois in fiction
Television series about dysfunctional families
Television series about marriage
Television series about siblings
English-language television programs
In many religions, the deity or God is called the Father.

In Christianity, God the Father is the first person of the Trinity. He is God, just like the Son and the Holy Spirit, but as a person He is different from the Son and the Holy Spirit. Although Jesus had St. Joseph for his human father on earth, Jesus is God, so His father would actually be God the Father.

Related pages 
 God
 Christ
 Jesus

Other websites 

 God the Father at Theopedia

Gods and goddesses
The Nicene Creed,  Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed or Icon/Symbol of the Faith, is the most widespread or ecumenical Christian statement of faith.

Since its original formulation it continues to be used in the Roman Catholic, Syrian Orthodox (Jacobite), Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Assyrian, Anglican, Lutheran, and most other Protestant Churches.

Comparison between Creed of 325 and Creed of 381 
The following table displays side by side the earlier (325) and later (381) forms of this Creed in the English translation given in Schaffs Creeds of Christendom, which indicates by brackets the portions of the 325 text that were omitted or moved in 381, but uses no typographical mark to indicate what phrases, absent in the 325 text, were added in 381.

The following table presents in the same way the texts of the two Councils, as given in the original Greek language on the Web site Symbolum Nicaeno-Constantinopolitanum - Greek:

Problems
There were certain problems with the Nicene creed. In 529, the so-called filioque clause was added to the creed. This clause is one of the main differences between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Catholic Church has this clause, the Eastern Orthodox Church does not. The clause is about how godly the Father is, compared to the Son. Where the original Nicene Creed reads "We believe in the Holy Spirit ... who proceeds from the Father", the altered, Roman Catholic version reads "We believe in the Holy Spirit ... who proceeds from the Father and the Son". Roman Catholic Christians accept this change, but Eastern Orthodox Christians reject it. Many Eastern Catholic churches (Eastern in liturgy but in full communion with the pope) do not use the clause in their creed. They do think the doctrine it represents is true, though, as this is a dogma of the Roman Catholic faith. Many Protestant churches  who take a position in this matter, usually accept the filioque.

After the East-West Schism of 1054, the Eastern and Western churches attempted to reunite at two separate medieval councils, and the filioque was an issue at each. Despite Greek concessions, neither the Second Council of Lyon (1274) nor the Council of Ferrera-Florence (1438 - 1535) achieved the desired union.

The clause is most often referred to as "the filioque" or simply filioque.

Related pages
Apostles' Creed
Athanasian Creed
One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church

References

Bibliography 
 A E Burn, The Council of Nicaea (1925); 
 G Forell, Understanding the Nicene Creed (1965)
 J.N.D. Kelly, Early Christian Creeds, (1982),

Other websites 
 Extensive discussion of the texts of the First Council of Nicea
 Philip Schaff, Creeds of Christendom Volume I: Nicene Creed 
 Athanasius, De Decretis or Defence of the Nicene Definition
 Line-by-Line Roman Catholic Explanation of the Nicene Creed 
 Nicene Creed in languages of the world

Christian creeds
Ancient Christianity
Asylum is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on September 16, 1985.

Track listing 
 King Of The Mountain
 Any Way You Slice It
 Who Wants To Be Lonely
 Trial By Fire
 I'm Alive
 Love's A Deadly Weapon
 Tears Are Falling
 Secretly Cruel
 Radar For Love
 Uh! All Night

Kiss albums
1985 albums
Heavy metal albums
Hard rock albums
Sake (Japanese:酒; pronounced 'sa.kɛ' ) is a Japanese word for "alcoholic drink". In English, "sake" means one kind of alcoholic drink made from rice. In Japan, people call this drink nihonshu ( "Japanese alcohol") or sake. This article uses the word "sake" as it is used in English.

Ingredients 
Sake is a fermented drink. Most sake is made from rice, water, kōji, and yeast. Sometimes a small amount of lactic acid is used in brewing. Water or small amounts of pure alcohol can be added at the end of production. Sake can have from 12 to 22% alcohol, but is usually around 15 or 16%. Lower quality mass-produced sake can have added sugar or flavorings.

Serving sake
Sake is usually sold in bottles that are either 720ml or 1.8L. Drinkers or servers in a restaurant may pour small cups called chokko directly from the bottle. Sake is also served in smaller bottles called tokkuri. A typical serving in a bar or restaurant is 180ml. People may share that amount. When drinking together, people often pour drinks for each other rather than for themselves.

Amazake
Amazake is sweet, low or non-alcoholic sake.

Related pages
Awamori
Doburoku
rice wine
Shōchū

Fermented drinks
Japanese culture
Majority means the greater number of something.  The opposite is minority.

If more than half the people are right-handed we can say that the majority of people are right-handed.
A minority of people are left-handed.
In fact, nearly everyone is right-handed, so we can say that the "vast majority" are right-handed, and only a "small minority" are left-handed.

If a political party or candidate gets a majority of votes, it means that they get more than all the other parties together. In Plurality voting, they only get more than any one of the others. Thus if there are three parties, the winning party may have a plurality of 40% while the other two each have 30%. A "true majority" or "absolute majority" means more votes than all the other parties together, i.e. more than half the total votes.

Related pages
Majority rule
Minority group
Ethnic group

Numbers
Charles Koechlin (pronounce:”Ke-klin” with “klin” to rhyme with French “vin”), (born Paris,  November 27 1867; died Le Canadel, December 31 1950) was a French composer, teacher and writer on music.  He wrote a very large amount of music, but very little of it was published because he was more interested in helping younger composers than making himself well-known.  Some of his best works include his symphonic poems and his film music.

His life
Koechlin was born in Paris, the youngest child of a large and rich family. His mother’s family came from the Alsace near the French border with Germany, and he was proud of his Alsatian background.  His grandfather on his mother’s side had started a cotton textile firm in Mulhouse and his father worked in the textile business.  When Koechlin was 14 his father died.  He showed an interest in music, but his family wanted him to be an artillery officer. However, he had tuberculosis and had to spent six months getting better in Algeria.  After finishing his schooling he was allowed to enter the Paris Conservatoire in 1890.  Two years later he was studying composition with Massenet, and in 1896 he was a pupil of Gabriel Fauré. Ravel was a pupil in the same class.  Fauré had a big influence on Koechlin who wrote a book about him and helped him to arrange some of his music for orchestra.

Koechlin became a freelance composer and teacher. He married Suzanne Pierrard in 1903 and they had five children.  At first he was comfortably off, but after World War I the family lost a lot of money and they had to sell their country house.

Koechlin had very free views about music, and this is probably why he never got a teaching job at the Piano Conservatoire.  He also agreed with some things that the Communists thought.  He did not like modern inventions like the telephone and radio.  He looked like an old Russian patriarch with his long beard.  He dressed in velvet trousers, sandals and a shepherd’s cape for bad weather.   He liked outdoor activities such as swimming and mountaineering.  He was offered the Legion d’honneur in 1940 but refused it.

His music

Koechlin composed in a variety of styles, even changing the style during a piece.  He often liked quiet music with long chords which are played for the sounds they make rather than for giving the music a traditional shape.  Sometimes there were no barlines in his music.  He often composed in his head while on a train or climbing a mountain.

His works for orchestra include Les Bandarlogs which was based on the Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling.  Kipling’s “Bandarlog” are a troupe of monkeys in the forest.  The music describes the monkeys, but Koechlin also gives it another meaning: he is criticising music critics, comparing them to monkeys.   In the Seven Stars Symphony each movement is about a famous film star.  They include Greta Garbo, Marlene Dietrich and  Charlie Chaplin.  He wrote a lot of chamber music and piano music, including some dances for Ginger Rogers.

Sources
Robert Orledge, Charles Koechlin (1867-1950) His Life and Works (London, 1989)

1867 births
1950 deaths
20th-century French composers
Jastrzębie-Zdrój is a city in Poland in Silesian Voivodeship. It has about 94,072 inhabitants and an area of 85,44 km².

Other websites 
 Municipal homepage
 JastrzebieOnline.pl
 Jasnet.pl 
 Modern Portal of Jastrzębie-Zdrój 
 SJZ1963 - Portal Jastrzebie Zdrój 
 Forum Mieszkańców 

Cities in Poland
Standard time is putting all clocks in a time zone to the same time.

Standard time can also be used to mean the time without daylight saving time. Standard time happens from autumn to early spring. Daylight saving time happens from early spring to autumn.

History

Great Britain
Standard time was first used by British railways on December 11, 1847, when they switched from local mean time to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Almost all of Great Britain's public clocks were using GMT by 1855.

North America
Before 1883, local mean time was used in all of North America. This meant there were many different local times. This caused problems for train schedules. Sandford Fleming, a Canadian, proposed standard time at a meeting of the Royal Canadian Institute on February 8, 1879.  The owners of the major railroads met in Chicago to make the Standard Time System. Most states began using the system soon after the railroads. The U.S. government officially began using the system almost fifty years later.

Criticism
Some people do not like standard time (and daylight saving time). Some people do not like it because they do not trust in government. Others believe that it disturbs circadian rhythms. Others simply like traditional, natural markers of time, like sunsets, noon and sunrise.

References

More reading

Time zones
Span is the width of a human hand, from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the pinky finger. 
 1 span = 9 inches
= 0.2286 m

In Slavic language, the analogue of span is pyad (peti, пядь). It is the width from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the forefinger. 
 1 pyad = 4 vershok
= 7 inches
= 0.1778 m

Everyday life
The acting president of the United States is a person who temporarily acts as president when the president is unable to carry out their duties, but remains in office. The position was created by the 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution.

The acting president possesses all presidential powers and duties during the time of their term but does not become the president, instead serving only as acting president. This term lasts until the president declares in writing that they are no longer unable to execute the duties of their office themselves.

George H.W. Bush later became president. To date there have been three acting presidents. They were vice presidents:
 Vice President George H. W. Bush acted for President Ronald Reagan, when he was under a colonoscopy procedure on July 13, 1985 He later became president in 1989. He died in 2018. 
 Vice President Dick Cheney twice acted for President George W. Bush, when he was also under a colonoscopy procedure on June 29, 2002 and July 21, 2007
 Vice President Kamala Harris acted for President Joe Biden, when he was under a colonoscopy procedure on November 19, 2021. She became the first woman in American history to hold presidential powers

References

Other websites 
 Presidential Line of Succession Examined, September 20, 2003
 Amendment25.com
Electric power transmission is the transmitting of electricity to places where it will be used.  Specifically, it is the bulk transfer of electrical power from the power plant to substations near populated areas.  Electric power distribution is the delivery from the substation to the consumers.  Due to the large amount of power and long distances, transmission normally takes place at high voltage (110 kV or above).

Electricity is usually transmitted over long distance through overhead power transmission lines. Underground power transmission is used only in densely populated areas (such as large cities) because of the high cost of installation and maintenance and because the power losses increase dramatically compared with overhead transmission unless superconductors and cryogenic technology are used.

A power transmission system is sometimes referred to colloquially as a "grid"; however, for reasons of economy, the network is rarely a true grid. Redundant paths and lines are provided so that power can be routed from any power plant to any load center, through a variety of routes, based on the economics of the transmission path and the cost of power.

Further reading 
 Grigsby, L. L., et al. The Electric Power Engineering Handbook. USA: CRC Press. (2001). 
 Westinghouse Electric Corporation, "Electric power transmission patents; Tesla polyphase system". (Transmission of power; polyphase system; Tesla patents)

Related pages
 Transmission tower
 Superconductor
 Electric power distribution
 High-voltage direct current

Other websites 
 United States: Transmission Lineworker Community Website
 Japan: World's First In-Grid High-Temperature Superconducting Power Cable System 
 A Power Grid for the Hydrogen Economy: Overview/A Continental SuperGrid
 Global Energy Network Institute (GENI) - The GENI Initiative focuses on linking renewable energy resources around the world using international electricity transmission.
 Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity (UCTE), the association of transmission system operators in continental Europe, running one of the two largest power transmission systems in the world
 Non-Ionizing Radiation, Part 1: Static and Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields (2002)  by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
 A summary of the IARC report by GreenFacts.

Electricity
The Darfur conflict is an ongoing military conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan, the third largest country in Africa.  It is a conflict along ethnic and tribal lines that began in 2003.  Many people and the United States Government, consider it to be a genocide. The United Nations currently does not see this as genocide.

Those involved in the conflict 
One side of the conflict is composed mainly of the Janjaweed, a militia group recruited from the Arab tribes who move from place to place herding camels.  The Sudanese government tells the public that it does not support the Janjaweed.  However, it has provided cash and assistance and has even participated in joint attacks.

The other side of the conflict is made up of a number of rebel armies, including the Sudan Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement. These armies are recruited from Black ethnic groups who make a living farming the land.

How the conflict is dealt with 
The African Union sent a 7,000-troop peacekeeping force to Sudan.  However, this force was poorly funded and under-equipped.  So the United Nations decided to send an additional 17,300-troop peacekeeping force to help them.  Sudan was strongly against this decision and saw the UN forces as foreign invaders.  The next day, the Sudanese military launched a major offensive in the region.

The Sudanese government may have suppressed information about the conflict. Some witnesses have been jailed, others may have been killed. This started in 2004. Also, some evidence, such as mass graves was tampered with, so that it became unusable. Some people say this was done by forces which are close to the Sudanese government. In addition, by obstructing and arresting journalists, the Sudanese government has been able to obscure much of what has gone on. The United States government has described it as genocide,. The UN has declined to do so. In March 2007 the UN mission accused Sudan's government of "gross violations" in Darfur and called for urgent international action to protect  civilians there.

Effect of the conflict 
There are different estimates of how many died in the conflict. According to Sudan's government, 9,000 people have been killed.  On the other hand, many other people say that it could be from 200,000 to over 400,000.  By October 2006, as many as 2.5 million people had to move because of the conflict.

The United Nations says that about 200,000 people have been killed in the conflict so far. Most non-governmental organizations use 200,000 to more than 400,000. The latter is a figure from the Coalition for International Justice that has since been cited by the UN. Sudan's government claims that more than 9,000 people have been killed, although this figure is seen as a gross underestimate.

Related pages 
 Bibliography of the Darfur conflict

References

Darfur conflict
21st century in Africa
Civil wars involving Africa
Genocides in Africa
AIESEC (said like "Eye Seck"), is a big student organisation that was started in 1948. It was made to fix problems between countries and create peace after World War II. It has spread all over the world since it started. There are many members in about 125 countries.

AIESEC is an organisation that helps its members to develop themselves as leaders. It also has an exchange program for students and university graduates to intern or volunteer in other countries. Most members are students at university but some are paid to work for AIESEC. The organisation is presented in 125 countries and territories in the world. The headquarters of AIESEC are in Rotterdam.

Members say that AIESEC does a lot of good in the world through the exchange by helping people from different countries to share information about their culture.

For over 60 years of working AIESEC's main impact had been its alumni all over the world. These alumni become successful business leaders, politicians, and NGO directors. The approximate number of alumni 1 million.

Other websites 
 AIESEC homepage

Rotterdam
International organizations
Youth organizations
1948 establishments
In cell biology, an organelle is a part of a cell that does a specific job.

Organelles typically have their own plasma membrane round them. Most of the cell's organelles are in the cytoplasm.

The name organelle comes from the idea that these structures are to cells what an organ is to the body.

There are many types of organelles in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes were once thought not to have organelles, but some examples have now been found.
They are not organised like eukaryote organelles, and are not bounded by plasma membranes. They are called bacterial microcompartments.

Scope of the term 
The term is now widely used to refer to cellular structures surrounded by single or double plasma membranes. However, the older definition of a 'subcellular functional unit' still coexists. That is, the term is sometimes used for structures which are not membrane-bound.

The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer with some proteins embedded in it. It keeps the ions and molecules of the organelle from merging with the surroundings.

Origin of organelles 
Mitochondria and chloroplasts, which have double-membranes and their own DNA, are believed to have originated from incompletely consumed or invading prokaryotic organisms, which were adopted as a part of the invaded cell. This idea is supported in the endosymbiotic theory.

Eukaryotic organelles

Major organelles

Minor organelles

Prokaryotic organelles 
Prokaryotes are not so complex as eukaryotes. They were thought  to have no internal structures enclosed by lipid membranes.

However, recent research has shown that at least some prokaryotes have microcompartments such as carboxysomes. These subcellular compartments are 100–200 nm in diameter and are enclosed by a shell of proteins.  Even more striking is the description of membrane-bound magnetosomes in bacteria. as well as the nucleus-like structures of the Planctomycetes that are surrounded by lipid membranes.

References
Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami (January 5, 1927 – 2001), known as Gurudeva by his followers, was a Hindu leader and author. He was born in Oakland, California. He made a Hindu monastery in Kauai, Hawaii and founded the magazine Hinduism Today. Subramuniyaswami was an author of many books on Hinduism and metaphysics. He was one of the most traditional and well known people of Hinduism during the last two decades of the 20th century. He was one of Saivism's most revered Gurus, the founder and leader of the world's first Hindu church (Saiva Siddhanta Church).

Books 
Subramuniyaswami has written several books on Hinduism, Saivism, yoga and meditation. His works are highly regarded by many of today's Hindu leaders. Subramuniyaswami's largest work, Master Course, is a complete essay on all parts of Hinduism (Saivism), including the Hindu approach to meditation and metaphysics. It is in three books and more than 3,000 pages. The work is written in a flowing version of written English that is similar to the spoken language as well as ancient Hindu oral traditions.

References 

1927 births
2001 deaths
Hindu gurus
People from Oakland, California
Crazy Nights is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on September 18, 1987. "Crazy Crazy Nights" was the first song released from the album. It reached #4 in the UK.

Track listing 
Crazy Crazy Nights
I'll Fight Hell To Hold You
Bang Bang You
No, No, No
Hell Or High Water
My Way
When Your Walls Come Down
Reason To Live
Good Girl Gone Bad
Turn On The Night
Thief In The Night

Kiss albums
1987 albums
Hot in the Shade is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on October 17, 1989.

Track listing 
 Rise To It
 Betrayed
 Hide Your Heart
 Prisoner Of Love
 Read My Body
 Love's A Slap In The Face
 Forever
 Silver Spoon
 Cadillac Dreams
 King Of Hearts
 The Street Giveth And The Street Taketh Away
 You Love Me To Hate You
 Somewhere Between Heaven And Hell
 Little Caesar
 Boomerang

Kiss albums
1989 albums
Halfway Home is a comedy television series that premiered on Wednesday, March 14, 2007, at 10:30 p.m. on Comedy Central.   As described on its official website, Halfway Home is an "improvised half-hour series featuring the daily exploits of five ex-cons living together in a residential rehab facility."

Characters
Carly Barzac (played by Jessica Makinson) – Ex-convict in for drug trafficking. She has been shown to have a bad relationship with her parents (she even had to hire fake parents for parents day.) She also came very close to setting a world record for pogo-sticking.
Kenny Carlisle (played by Kevin Ruf) – The house supervisor
Serenity Johnson (played by Octavia Spencer) – Ex-convict in for armed robbery
Eulogio Pla (played by Oscar Nunez) – Ex-convict in for prostitution, described as "[using] sex to get what he wants."
Alan Shepard (played by Regan Burns) – Ex-convict in for arson, described as "the house narc who has an uncontrollable obsession with fire."
Sebastian "C-Bass" Yates (played by Jordan Black) – Ex-convict in for internet fraud, described as a "wanna-be terrorist who's really just a rich kid from California."

Comedy television series
2007 television series debuts
English-language television programs
The prime minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government. This job is given to the leader of the party or coalition with the most support in the Parliament of New Zealand. Since 26 October 2017, the prime minister has been Jacinda Ardern of the Labour Party.

Responsibilities and powers
The role of the prime minister is not formally defined, being based on constitutional convention rather than specific legislation. According to these conventions, the prime minister is leader of Cabinet (itself a body existing by convention), and takes a co-ordinating role.

The prime minister holds the most senior post in the New Zealand Parliament. The prime minister is not able to give direct orders to other people in their party.

The prime minister can call for an election by asking the Governor-General to close Parliament

List of New Zealand prime ministers

Living former prime ministers
As of , there are six living former New Zealand prime ministers, as seen below.

The most recent prime minister to die was Mike Moore (served 1990), on 2 February 2020, aged 71.

References

Other websites 
New Zealand Prime Minister's official website 
List of New Zealand Prime Ministers

 
New Z
"The Masque of the Red Death" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It was first published in May 1842 in Graham's Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine.

Plot
A painful and fatal disease involving blood aka kinbni 

am and finds him lying dead. His courtiers try to unmask the figure..only to find nothingness! Only then do they realize the figure is the Red Death itself, and all of the guests contract and succumb to the disease. With the last of them die the clock and the flames illuminating the scarlet window both die out at the same time. "And Darkness and Decay and the Red Death held illimitable dominion over all".
done!

Other websites 

 "The Masque of the Red Death"  at EServer.org
 "The Masque of the Red Death" with annotated vocabulary at PoeStories.com
 Sabrina Laurent (July 2003). "Metaphor and Symbolism in The Masque of the Red Death" , Bohème Magazine Online.
 Analyzing Poe's Work Biographically and Psychologically  Illinois State University

19th-century American short stories
Short stories by Edgar Allan Poe
Mill could mean:
 Mill (grinding), equipment for the grinding or pulverizing of raw materials using millstones
 a gristmill grinds grain into flour
 windmill, wind powered
 watermill, water powered
 horse mill, animal powered
 treadwheel, human powered (archaic: "treadmill")
 Mill (factory), a place of business for making articles of manufacture. The term mill was once in common use for a factory because many factories in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution were powered by a watermill, but nowadays it is only used in a few specific contexts; e.g.
 a cotton mill is a factory for processing cotton
 a paper mill produces paper
 a sawmill cuts timber
 a steel mill manufactures steel
 a sugar mill (also called a sugar refinery) processes sugar beets or sugar cane into various finished products
 a huller (also called a rice mill, or rice husker) is used to hull rice
 Milling machine, machine tool that operates by moving a work piece against a cutter.
 Stamp mill, a specialized machine for reducing ore to powder for further processing or for fracturing other materials
 Mill (currency), a tenth of a cent/penny
 The standard author abbreviation Mill. may be used to indicate botanist Philip Miller's work when citing a botanical name
 Diploma mill or degree mill an organization which awards academic degrees and diplomas with very little or no academic study and without recognition by official accrediting bodies
 Nine Men's Morris, a traditional board game; the term "mill" may also mean "three (playing pieces) in a row" within the game
 Mill (Netherlands), a town in the municipality of Mill en Sint Hubert
 Arithmetical unit, used in the context of Charles Babbage's Analytical engine, a 19th-century concept of a computer
 Windmill (breakdance move) or mill, a power move in breakdancing
 The Mill (post-production), a visual effects company

People named Mill:
 Andy Mill, skier
 Frank Mill, German football player (World Cup winner, Summer Olympics bronze medalist)
 Harriet Taylor Mill, philosopher
 James Mill, a Scottish historian, economist and philosopher
 John Stuart Mill, an influential liberal thinker of the 19th century
For other uses see Mill (disambiguation)

A grinding mill is a tool that is designed to break a solid material into smaller pieces.  There are many different types of grinding mills and many types of materials processed in them. 

Small mills can be powered by hand, such as a mortar and pestle or a pepper grinder. Large grinding mills were usually powered by working animals, wind (windmill) or water (watermill) in the past. In the 2000s, most large grinding mills are powered by electricity.

Types of grinding mills

Mortar and pestle

People who need to grind a small amount of a food, such as spices or grain, for their own cooking often use a hand-powered mortar and pestle or a hand-powered grinder, such as a pepper grinder. In the 2000s, many people also used electric-powered grinding mills. These kitchen appliances have a metal blade that grinds the food into small pieces. Electric-powered grinding mills are often used for grinding nuts or coffee.

Grain mills
For thousands of years, humans have ground their grains (such as wheat or corn) into flour using grain mills powered by animals (such as oxen or horses), wind (windmills) or by running water from a stream or river (watermill). In the 2000s, most grain mills are powered by electricity.

Mechanical process
After  grinding the state of the solid is changed: the grain size, and the grain shape. Also, there may be more or less crushing.

For process engineering, several things are important: increasing the surface area of the solid; making the solid have wanted grain size; and pulping the material to the desired state (squishing it).

Types of grinding mills
Mortar and pestle
Windmill

Other websites 
Animation of Horizontal Grinder 

Tools
A windmill is an engine powered by the wind to produce energy, often contained in a large building as in traditional post mills, smock mills and tower mills. 

Windmill may also refer to:

Windmill (company), a Japanese visual novel video game developer
Operation Windmill,  a U.S. Navy exploration and training mission to Antarctica in 1947-1948
Windmill Islands, an Antarctic group of rocky islands and rocks
Windmill restart, a maneuver that uses kinetic energy to restart a jet engine
Windmill (solitaire), a solitaire card game played with two decks of cards
Windmill Sessions EP, a 2005 EP produced, written, mixed, and mastered by Kevin Deal
Windmill (breakdance move), one of the most well-known power moves in breakdancing
"Windmills", a song by Blackmore’s Night from their 2006 album The Village Lanterne
Windmill (chess), a combination of moves where a series of discovered checks result in winning of material
plants in the genus Allionia
"Windmill", a song on Helloween's Chameleon album.
The Windmill Theatre in London.
 The Windmill, Brisbane – the oldest surviving building in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
 The Windmill, Brixton, Brixton, England
 The Windmill (play) – an English stage play
 Windmill Theatre Company, a non-professional musical theatre group in Victoria, Australia
Blood transfusion is a medical term. It means a procedure used to transfer blood (or some products based on blood) from the circulatory system of one human to that of another human.

Uses 
Blood transfusions can save the life of a person, if that person has lost a lot of blood. A person can lose blood from an injury, a trauma or from a medical operation. Blood transfusions can also be applied as a treatment to certain diseases of the blood (like Anaemia, for example).

Blood is not collected and used immediately.  Instead it is kept until it is needed.  The storage area is informally called a blood bank . By adding anti-coagulant to keep the blood from clotting and refrigerating the blood, it is possible to store it for a few days.  Information about transfusion and donation is available at the National Institutes of Health website .

Problems 
Not all people are able to donate blood to all other people. Testing for blood types usually prevents any bad reaction to a blood transfusion. However, there are special problems for anyone with rare blood groups. It is very important, in order to avoid any complications during a blood transfusion, to detect individuals with rare blood types. The usual tests for ABO blood group system would show them as group O. It may not be possible to give a blood transfusion at all unless the repository has supply of blood which will not cause a reaction.it donates blood  

Blood
Delirium is a medical term. The condition is also known as acute confusional state. Doctors use it to describe patients who have lost parts or all of their ability to focus attention. People who suffer from it  may also have problems to concentrate, or to remember things or  other people. Delirium is a medical symptom. It is not a disease.

Causes
A delirium can have many causes. The most common ones include:
Injuries to the head or the nervous system
Mental illness
Trauma or shock
Fever or pain
Certain substances found in drugs or poisons
Problems with metabolism. If a substance is transformed into another using an enzyme, a problem with that enzyme will lead to too much of the first, and too little of the second substance.
Not having enough water, or food, or sleep
Withdrawal symptoms (when people try to get away from a drugs or alcohol addiction). The delirium associated with alcohol withdrawal is called delirium tremens.

Definition
There are several definitions of what constitutes a delirium, but in general, the following is true:
Disturbance of consciousness; problems to focus, shift the focus, concentrate, or shift concentration from one item to another.
hallucinations; reduced ability to solve problems.
Sleeping problems are common, very often the circadian rhythm is lost.
Problems with thinking; problems remembering things.

Treatment
Deliria are often treated with special drugs, called antipsychotics. Benzodiazepines are the most commonly used medications for alcohol withdrawal and DTs. They help calm excited nervous system. Treatment also need intravenous fluids with vitamins and minerals to treat dehydration or bring your electrolytes back into balance.

Deliria are always a medical emergency, because it is impossible to predict how they develop. Worst-case scenarios include cardiac arrest, and malfunctions of the metabolism. In order to be able to treat a delirium, its cause must usually be found. In the case of alcoholism, the most common cause for a delirium is the withdrawal of alcohol. This condition is known as Delirium tremens.

References

Symptoms