cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sarona Reiher (born January 10, 1978) better known by her ring name Tamina Snuka, is an American professional wrestler. She is curretly wrestling for the WWE. She is the daughter of WWE Hall of Famer Jimmy "Superfly" Snuka.

Career
On the May 24, 2010 episode of Raw, Reiher debuted along with Jimmy and Jey Uso. On the September 28, 2013 episode of SmackDown, she began accompanying WWE Divas champion AJ Lee to the ring. She currently teams with her and acts as her bodyguard.

Championships
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
She was ranked #19 of the best 50 female singles wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2012.
Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Worst Worked Match of the Year (2013) (with AJ Lee, Aksana, Alicia Fox, Kaitlyn, Rosa Mendes and Summer Rae vs. Brie Bella, Cameron, Eva Marie, Jojo, Naomi, Natalya and Nikki Bella on November 24)

References

Other websites
WWE profile

1978 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Female professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Washington
WWE wrestlers
Royal Highness is a style of address traditionally used to address or refer to members of the royal families. This address is usually for princes, other than monarchs, and their female consorts. This style ranks below that of Imperial Highness. Historically the term was first used by Gaston, Duke of Orléans, younger son of King Henry IV of France. He encountered this style in Brussels and used it himself. His children later used the style, considering it their right as grandchildren of France. In contradiction to other European kingdoms, the kingdom of Denmark reserves the superior style of Royal Highness only to the children of the monarch and the children of the crown prince; other grandchildren of a Danish monarch enjoy the style of Highness, e.g. Princess Elisabeth of Denmark.

Examples of modern usage

His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales. Present day heir to the British throne. 
Her Royal Highness Princess Elisabeth of Belgium, Duchess of Brabant First in line to the present day Belgian throne. 
Her Royal Highness The Princess of Asturias. The first in line to the modern day Spanish throne. 
His Royal Highness The Crown Prince of Greece, Prince of Denmark, Duke of Sparta. The eldest son and heir of the pretender to the modern day Greek throne. Due to Greece being a Republic the title of HRH is not officially recognised but is used out of courtesy.

Related pages
Royal family
Titles of European royal heirs
Prince

References

Styles (manners of address)
The Fault in Our Stars is a 2012 novel by young adult author John Green. 

The book follows the story of sixteen year old Hazel Grace Lancaster, who has cancer. Her parents make her go to a support group, where she meets a boy named Augustus Waters, who she falls in love with. 

It has been made into a movie of the same name, which was released on June 6, 2014.

References

2012 books
21st century American novels
Amsterdam
Cancer in fiction
English-language novels
Indianapolis, Indiana 

Romance novels
Young adult novels
Indiana in fiction
Koke (born Jorge Resurección Meredio in Madrid on 8 January 1992) is a Spanish footballer. He plays as a midfielder for Atlético Madrid. He played for the Spain national football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.

International career statistics 

|-
|2013||7||0
|-
|2014||3||0
|-
!Total||10||0
|}

References

Living people
1992 births
Spanish footballers
Sportspeople from Madrid
The Gomphotheres were a varied family of extinct elephant-like animals (proboscidea)  the Gomphotheriidae.  They had a wide distribution. They were common in North America during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs, 121.6 million years ago. Some lived in parts of Eurasia, Beringia and, after the Great American Interchange, South America.

Beginning about 5 million years ago, they were gradually replaced by modern elephants. The last two South American species, in the genus Cuvieronius, did not become extinct until about 9000 years ago. Stegomastodon remains have been dated as recently as 6,000 years ago in the Valle del Magdalena, Colombia.  Gomphotheres also survived in Mexico and Central America until the end of the Pleistocene.

References 

Extinct elephants
22 Jump Street is a 2014 criminal comedy movie. The movie is about two police officers who go undercover at a fraternity. Their friendship is pushed to the limit. Channing Tatum plays Jenko. Jonah Hill plays Morton.

The movie picks up from where the first movie left off. It was released in June 2014.

Release dates

Other websites 

2014 action movies
2014 buddy movies
2014 comedy movies
2014 crime movies
2010s action comedy movies
2010s criminal comedy movies
2010s sequel movies
American action comedy movies
American criminal comedy movies
American sequel movies
Buddy action movies
Buddy comedy movies
English-language movies
Brianne Sidonie Desaulniers, known professionally as Brie Larson, (born in Sacramento, California, October 1, 1989) is an American musician, singer, actress, director and screenwriter. 

She played Molly in the 2012 movie version of 21 Jump Street. She also played Envy in Scott Pilgrim vs. the World. Larson won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role as Ma in the 2015 movie Room.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

Academy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Sacramento, California
1989 births
Living people
Serene Highness is a style of address used by several princely and noble families throughout present-day Europe. It has also been used historically. It ranks below Royal Highness and Imperial Highness.

Examples of usage
 Princes of the Blood at the French royal court of Versailles (such as His Serene Highness The Duke of Penthièvre)
 The present Prince of Monaco who is a son of Grace Kelly. 
 Various German princely states prior to the country being unified in 1871.
 Various Russian princely families
 Her Serene Highness Princess Romanova-Krasinskaya
 Princes of Carignan

Styles (manners of address)
A revolver is a type of gun. Revolvers are repeating firearms with a cylinder that spins. Revolvers have several chambers each holding one cartridge. Most are handguns, but other types of weapons also use revolving cylinders. They are also called revolving guns, though revolver is used far more often. The first revolvers date back to late 1500s in Europe. It was not until the 1700s or 1800s, however, they became affordable. Revolvers are sometimes used by law enforcement agencies. On some occasions, these guns can be reset by one hand, then loaded with the other.

Action

Single-action 

In a single-action revolver, the hammer is manually cocked. This is usually done with the thumb. This action turns the cylinder to the next cartridge. It also locks the cylinder in place with the chamber aligned with the barrel. The trigger, when pulled, releases the hammer, which fires the round in the chamber. To fire again, the hammer must be manually cocked again. This is called "single-action" because the trigger only performs a single action—that of releasing the hammer. Because only a single action is performed and trigger pull is very light, firing a revolver in this way allows most shooters to achieve greater accuracy. Additionally, the need to cock the hammer manually acts as a safety. The gun will not fire unless the hammer is cocked back. The Colt Paterson Revolver, the Walker Colt, the Colt's Dragoon and the Colt Single Action Army pistol of the American Frontier era are all good examples of this system.

Double-action 

In double-action, the stroke of the trigger pull generates three actions: 
The hammer is pulled back to the cocked position.
At the same time, the cylinder turns to the next round.
The hammer is released to strike the firing pin. 
Double-action means that a cocking action separate from the trigger pull is not needed. Every trigger pull causes a complete cycle and a bullet is fired. This allows the gun to be carried uncocked. It also allows the gun to be drawn from the holster and fired using only the trigger. However, a double-action revolver has a longer and harder trigger pull. However, this drawback can also be viewed as a safety feature, as the gun is safer against accidental discharges from being dropped.

Most double-action revolvers may be fired in two ways.
 The first way is single-action. It can be used the same a single-action revolver. The hammer is cocked with the thumb, which indexes the cylinder and when the trigger is pulled the hammer fires the round. In this mode the trigger pull is lighter.
 The second way is double-action, or from a hammer-down position. In this case, the trigger first cocks the hammer and revolves the cylinder. It then trips the hammer at the rear of the trigger stroke, firing the round in the chamber. In this mode the trigger pull is much heavier.

References
Simon Baker (born 30 July 1969) is an Australian actor and director. He is best known for his roles as Nicholas Fallin on The Guardian and Patrick Jane on The Mentalist. Baker was born in Launceston, Tasmania. He was first raised in New Guinea and then Ballina, New South Wales. He began a career in acting in 1988.

Baker married actress Rebecca Rigg in 1998. They live together in Los Angeles, California and have three children. 

Baker was nominated for an Emmy Award for The Mentalist in 2009.

References

Other websites

1969 births
Living people
People from Tasmania
Actors from New South Wales
Australian movie actors
Australian stage actors
Australian television actors
Television directors
People from Launceston, Tasmania
Nursultan Äbishuly Nazarbayev (; born 6 July 1940) is a Kazakh politician who served as the first President of Kazakhstan from 1990 to 2019. Some opposition groups call him an "unofficial leader" and "dictator".

Nazarbayev has been the president since December 1991, when Kazakhstan became independent of the Soviet Union. He has been the country's leader since 1989. This is when he was named First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR. In April 2011, Nazarbayev was re-elected to another five-year term. 

In February 2014 he proposed renaming Kazakhstan to "Kazakh Eli". In 2006 he rewrote the words to "My Kazakhstan" which was then accepted as the country's national anthem. Shortly after his resignation as president the capital city was named after him in his honour.

Notes

References 

Presidents of Kazakhstan
1940 births
Living people
Recipients of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
Kim Il-sung Square is the national square of North Korea. It is in the capital Pyongyang next to the Taedong River. The square is used for military parades and performances for national holidays. Around the square are national institutions that include stairs with chairs overlooking the square.

Other websites 

Asian Historical Architecture: Kim Il-sung Square images
Traveller's blog with pictures from North Korea ; Several photos of Kim Il Sung Square.
Kim Il-sung Square, Pyongyang, North Korea (video) — practising for the Mass games

Pyongyang
National squares
The loudness war is a negative term that describes the apparent competition to release albums that are increasingly loud. Albums that are "victims of the loudness war" have less good sound quality because the dynamic range has been compressed to make the music louder. Examples of albums that are victims of the loudness war include Death Magnetic by Metallica. Record producer Charles Dye started an organization called Turn Me Up! that campaigns to give musicians the choice to make albums with bigger dynamic ranges. In March 2010, mastering engineer Ian Shepherd organised the first Dynamic Range Day.

References

Music
SummerSlam (2012) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on August 19, 2012 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. It was the twenty-fifth yearly SummerSlam event that was held by the WWE.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official SummerSlam 2012 website

2012 in professional wrestling
SummerSlam
Sports in Los Angeles
2012 in American television
2010s in Los Angeles, California
The Voluntary Human Extinction Movement (VHEMT) is an environmental movement. It was started in 1991 by the American activist Les U. Knight. Knight says that the human population is too big for the Earth, so humans should choose to stop reproducing.

Other websites
Official website

1991 establishments
Political movements
Katherine "Kat" Lynne Bjelland (born December 9, 1963) is an American singer. She became known as the singer of the punk rock band Babes in Toyland. In 2001 the band broke up. That year Bjelland released an album as part of Katastrophy Wife. Since then Katastrophy Wife has released one more album.

Early life
Bjelland was born in Oregon. Her parents divorced when she was young. Bjelland said that her stepmother was "abusive" and that her mother beat her. When Bjelland was in second grade she was bought an acoustic guitar after she asked for one.

Career
In 1982 Bjelland moved to Portland, Oregon. There she formed a series of bands. The Neurotics was the first. In 1981 Bjelland started Sugar Babydoll with her friend Courtney Love. Bjelland and Love made a new band called Pagan Babies around 1985. They made a demo tape of four songs. Bjelland wrote songs inspired by the punk rock band Frightwig. Love said, "you're never going to get anywhere playing that punk rock noise" and left the band. In 1986 Bjelland started The Italian Whorenuns.

In 1987 Bjelland started Babes in Toyland. The band released their first album, Spanking Machine, in 1990. 

In 1993 Babes in Toyland performed at the Lollapalooza tour. Bjelland started a band with her husband Glenn Mattson called Crunt. In 1994 they released an album, Crunt. In 1995 Bjelland divorced her husband and Crunt broke up. In 1999 Bjelland started Katastrophy Wife. Babes in Toyland broke up in 2001.

Personal life
In 1999 Bjelland's son Henry was born.

References

1963 births
American guitarists
American singer-songwriters
American pianists
Singers from Oregon
Writers from Oregon
Musicians from Oregon
People from Salem, Oregon
Living people
Die Antwoord () is a South African rap band. The main singers are Yolandi Visser and her husband Ninja. They released their first album $O$ in 2009. In 2012 their second album Ten$ion was released. Four singles were released from the album.

2008 establishments in Africa
Hip hop bands
South Africa
2000s establishments in South Africa
This is the title history of the WWE Intercontinental Championship. The title was introduced in 1979 when Pat Patterson was awarded the championship he won a fictional tournament in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In total, there have been 75 distinct championship holders as of January 2018. fi day3at  al abtal bejdarfel
The wrestler with the most reigns as Intercontinental champion is Chris Jericho with 9. The longest reigning champion is The Honky Tonk Man, holding the championship for one year, two months and 27 days, from June 13, 1987 to August 29, 1988. The current Intercontinental champion is AJ Styles.

Title History

References

Other websites 
 WWE Intercontinental Title History

Lists of professional wrestlers
World Wrestling Entertainment championships
Antonio Francisco Cafiero (September 12, 1922 – October 13, 2014) was an Argentine politician. He was the Governor of the Buenos Aires Province from 1987 through 1991. He was also its Senator from 1993 to 2005.

Cafiero was born on September 12, 1922 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He studied at the University of Buenos Aires. Cafiero died on October 13, 2014 of pneumonia in Buenos Aires, aged 92.

References

Other websites

1922 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Argentine politicians
People from Buenos Aires
Accountants
Lee Teng-hui (15 January 1923 – 30 July 2020), sometimes called the "father of Taiwan's democracy", was a politician of the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan). He was the President of the Republic of China and Chairman of the Kuomintang (KMT) from 1988 to 2000.

Lee died of sepsis caused by multiple organ failure in Taipei on 30 July 2020, aged 97.

References

Other websites
Biography from Office of the President, ROC
Friends of Lee Teng-Hui Association 
Lee Teng-Hui Academy 
America and Taiwan, 1943–2004
Cornell University Magazine Profile

1923 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Deaths from sepsis
Presidents of the Republic of China
Belisario Betancur Cuartas (4 February 1923 – 7 December 2018) was an Colombian politician. He was the 26th President of Colombia from 1982 to 1986.

Betancur was born on 4 February 1923 in Amagá, Antioquia, Colombia. He studied at Pontifical Bolivarian University. Betancur died on 7 December 2018 in Bogotá from a kidney infection at the age of 95.

References

Other websites
Biography by CIDOB Foundation
 Betancur's page at the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences

1923 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from kidney disease
Ambassadors of Colombia
Presidents of Colombia
Disney Junior, is an American cable and satellite television network. It is part of The Walt Disney Company. It is for children between one and eight years old. It shows first-run children's television shows, movies and made-for-DVD movies. It follows Playhouse Disney, which aired from April 6, 1997 to February 13, 2011.

The name Disney Junior is also used for a morning and early afternoon program seen on the Disney Channel, branded as "Disney Junior on Disney Channel".

Programming
Programming on the Disney Junior channel includes original series (such as Vampirina) and series which used to be shown on the Playhouse Disney block (such as Mickey Mouse Clubhouse) It also showed re-runs of former original shows (such as Doc McStuffins). There included some that also air on the companion Disney Channel morning block. The network also airs short-form series as well as reruns of some older animated series. These progams had been seen on sister network ABC, CBS (made before 1996) and programs from Disney Channel and Toon Disney. These are aired by the channel by popular demand (especially during the overnight graveyard slot). The channel also carries several non-Disney preschool shows (such as PJ Masks and Bluey).

References

Other websites

 
 Disney Junior Press

American television networks
Disney companies
Companies based in Burbank, California
César Augusto Gaviria Trujillo (; born 31 March 1947) is a Colombian economist and politician. He was the 28th President of Colombia from 1990 to 1994 under the Colombian Liberal Party.

Gaviria was born on 31 March 1947 in Pereira, Risaralda. He studied at the University of the Andes until 1969.

References

Other websites

César Gaviria biography 

1947 births
Living people
Presidents of Colombia
Secretaries General of the Organization of American States
Martin Plissner (1926 – February 6, 2014) was an American political commentator. He worked for CBS News from 1964 until his retirement in 1996. He first began his job during the United States presidential election, 1964 during Robert F. Kennedy's campaign. He was known for first using the phrase "too close to call".

Plissner was born in 1926 in Brooklyn, New York City. He studied at Yale University. Plissner served in the United States Navy during World War II. He was married to Susan Morrison until his death. They had two daughters. He had one son from a last marriage. Plissner lived in Washington, D.C..

Plissner died on February 6, 2014 in Washington, D.C. from lung cancer, aged 87.

References

Other websites
 Warren Mitofsky Memorial Service by Marty Plissner 
 Marty Plissner, longtime CBS News political director, dies at 87 

1926 births
2014 deaths
American journalists
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from lung cancer
American political commentators
Writers from New York City
Kal Penn (born Kalpen Suresh Modi; April 23, 1977) is an American actor, producer, and civil servant. He is best known for his role as Lawrence Kutner on the Fox television program House. He is also well known for appearing in the movies Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle (2004), Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay (2008), and A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas (2011).

Penn was born in Montclair, New Jersey. He is the son of an Indian family. He started acting after graduating from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1998. He lives in Los Angeles, California.

Penn was the Associate Director in the White House Office of Public Engagement for Barack Obama from 2009 through 2011.

References

Other websites

1977 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American television actors
American movie producers
Civil servants
Democrats (United States)
People from Montclair, New Jersey
Armand Douglas "Armie" Hammer (born August 28, 1986) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in movies, including The Social Network, The Lone Ranger and Cars 3.

Personal life
Hammer was born in Los Angeles. He is of Russian-Jewish, Danish, Swiss, Greek, Poland, Russian, English, Scottish, Scotch-Irish and Cherokee origin. He took courses while at the University of California, Los Angeles. In a 2008 interview, Hammer stated, regarding his religious beliefs, "I have my own spiritual life, and I value it very much".

Hammer married television personality Elizabeth Chambers in May 2010. Their wedding was featured in the January 2011 issue of Town & Country. They were introduced by Hammer's friend, artist Tyler Ramsey. They have two children, including a daughter Harper (born 2014) and a son Ford (born 2017).

References

Other websites

1986 births
Living people
Actors from Santa Monica, California
American movie actors
American television actors
Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. (; August 22, 1934 – December 27, 2012), better known as Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr., was a United States Army general who was the commander of the U.S. Central Command and the coalition forces in the Gulf War.

He was born in Trenton, New Jersey, the son of Ruth Alice (née Bowman) and Norman Schwarzkopf, Sr., both Americans of German origin. Schwarzkopf died from pneumonia on December 27, 2012, aged 78, in Tampa, Florida.

References

Other websites

1934 births
2012 deaths
American generals
Cancer survivors
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in Florida
People from Trenton, New Jersey
Republicans (United States)
Ii is a municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. The municipalities next to it are Oulu, Pudasjärvi, Ranua and Simo.

History
In 1749, there were 2378 people living in Ii.

Ii was merged with Kuivaniemi in 2007.

Population growth

References

Other websites

 Ii pages

Municipalities of Northern Ostrobothnia
Uusimaa (or Uudenmaan maakunta) is a region in southern Finland. It is located next to Gulf of Finland.  Neighbouring regions are Southwest Finland, Kanta-Häme, Päijänne Tavastia and Kymenlaakso.

The historical province of Uusimaa covered a larger area than modern Uusimaa.

A very large number of people in Finland live in Uusimaa. As of 31 November 2013, there were over 1,500,000. Uusimaa is only 3% of the total area of Finland.

Nature
The ground is bedrock, granite and gneiss.

Other websites

Uudenmaan liitto 

Regions of Finland
Pirkanmaa is a region in western Finland. As of 2013 population was about 500,000. Neighbouring regions are: Southwest Finland, Satakunta, Kanta-Häme, Päijänne Tavastia, Southern Ostrobothnia and Central Finland

Municipalities

 Akaa
 Hämeenkyrö
 Ikaalinen
 Juupajoki
 Kangasala
 Kihniö
 Lempäälä
 Vilppula
 Nokia
 Orivesi
 Parkano
 Pirkkala
 Punkalaidun
 Pälkäne
 Ruovesi
 Sastamala
 Tampere
 Urjala
 Valkeakoski
 Vesilahti
 Virrat
 Ylöjärvi

Population growth

References

Other websites

Pirkanmaan liitto 

Regions of Finland
Martha Cowles Chase (November 30, 1927 – August 8, 2003), also known as Martha C. Epstein, was an American geneticist known for having experimentally showed in 1952 (with Alfred Hershey) that DNA rather than protein is the genetic material of life.

Early Life and Education

Chase was born in 1927 in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1950 she received her bachelor's degree from the College of Wooster. In 1964 Chase received her PhD from the University of Southern California.

Research and Later Life
In 1952 Chase was a young laboratory assistant to American bacteriophage expert Alfred Hershey at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory at the Carnegie Institution for Science. This was where the well-known Hershey-Chase experiment was performed. The experiment , otherwise known as the 'blender experiment' showed that it was DNA, and not protein, that was the genetic material through which traits were inherited.

A series of personal setbacks through the 1960s ended Chase's career in science. She spent decades suffering from a form of dementia that affected her short-term memory. She died of pneumonia on August 8, 2003, at the age of 75.

Key paper
Hershey, A. D. and Martha Chase. "Independent Functions of Viral Protein and Nucleic Acid in Growth of Bacteriophage." J. Gen. Physiol., 36 (1): 39-56. September 20, 1952.

References

Other websites
Linus Pauling and the race for DNA: Martha Chase 
Dawson, Milly. Martha Chase Dies.  Genome Biology 

1927 births
2003 deaths
American biochemists
Scientists from Ohio
Sir John Edwin Enderby (16 January 1931 – 3 August 2021) was a British physicist. From 1976 to 1996 he was professor of physics at the University of Bristol. From 2004-2006 he was the president of the Institute of Physics. In 2004 he received a knighthood for services to science.

Enderby died on 3 August 2021, aged 90.

References

1931 births
2021 deaths
British academics
British physicists
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal Society
Saarijärvi is a city in central Finland. The municipalities next to it are Kannonkoski, Karstula, Multia, Soini, Uurainen, Ähtäri and Äänekoski.

History
Saarijärvi has been city since 1986. However, there have been people living here for 6,000 years. In 1749, Vanha Saarijärvi had populatoin of 1,380. It's population was the largest in 1870 when there were 14,000 living there.

The neighboring municipality of Pylkönmäki was merged with Saarijärvi in 2009.

Population growth

References
Tilastokeskus reference, Finnish

Other websites

 Saarijärvi pages

Cities in Finland
Municipalities of Central Finland
1986 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Finland
Ähtäri is a city in Finland. Nearby municipalities are Alajärvi, Alavus, Keuruu, Multia, Saarijärvi, Soini and Virrat.

Population growth

Other websites

References

Cities in Finland
Gomphotherium is an extinct genus of proboscid which evolved in the lower Miocene of North America. It survived from 13.651.7 million years ago (mya).

They spread to Asia, Europe and Africa after a drop in sea level allowed them to cross over. It survived into the Pliocene, and its remains have been found in Chile, china, France, Germany, Austria, Kansas, Tennessee, Pakistan, Kenya and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

 
Gomphotherium stood around  high with an estimated weight of 4-5 tons, and looked similar to a modern elephant. However, it had four tusks; two on the upper jaw and two on the long lower jaw. Gomphotherium lived in dry wooded regions near lakes.

Feeding method 
The lower tusks are parallel and shaped like a shovel. They may have been used to dig up food from mud. These animals probably lived in swamps or near lakes, using their tusks to dig or scrape up aquatic vegetation. 

However, wear patterns on the teeth of its relative Platybelodon suggest that it used its lower tusks to strip bark from trees, and may have used the sharp incisors that formed the edge of the "shovel" more like a modern-day scythe, grasping branches with its trunk and rubbing them against the lower teeth to cut it from a tree.

Unlike modern elephants, the upper tusks were covered by a layer of enamel. Compared to elephants, the skull was more elongated and low, indicating that the animal had a short trunk, rather like a tapir's. In comparison to earlier proboscids, Gomphotherium had fewer molars; the remaining ones had high ridges to expand their grinding surface.

References 

Extinct elephants
Kanta-Häme is a region in Finland. Kanta-Häme has many features that are similar to the Finnish Lakelands. Neighbouring regions are Uusimaa, Päijänne Tavastia, Pirkanmaa and Southwest Finland.

Nature
Torronsuo National Park and Liesjärvi National Park are both located in Kanta-Häme, near Tammela.

Municipalities
Cities marked bold:
Forssa
Hattula
Hausjärvi
Humppila
Hämeenlinna
Janakkala
Jokioinen
Loppi
Riihimäki
Tammela
Ypäjä

Population growth

Traditional food
 Lammin sahti
 Mämmi

References

Other websites

Hämeen liitto

Regions of Finland
Carl Terrell Mitchell (born November 27, 1973), better known as Twista, is an American rapper. He released his first album in 1992. He had his first number one single, "Slow Jamz", in 2003.

References

1973 births
African American musicians
American rap musicians
Living people
The Division of Dickson is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland, Australia. It was set up in 1992 and is named after Sir James Dickson, a supporter of the Australian Federation, the Premier of Queensland and Minister for Defence in the first Australian government. It covers the outer north-western suburbs of Brisbane, including Albany Creek, Arana Hills, Bray Park, Brendale, Cashmere, Dayboro, Eatons Hill, Everton Hills, Ferny Hills, Joyner, Kallangur, Lawnton, Mount Glorious, Mount Nebo, Petrie, Samford Valley, Strathpine and Warner.

1993 Election
There was an unusual circumstance at the 1993 election. One of the candidates, an independent, died very shortly before the election. Because of this another election had to be called for the division a month later than the general election. The Labor Party won the election, and Prime Minister Paul Keating selected his new ministers on 27 March. He did not include an Attorney-General, keeping the position open for Michael Lavarch. Lavarch won the division, and was appointed to the ministry on 27 April.

Members

Michael Lavarch had previously had been member for the Division of Fisher. He was Attorney-General in the Keating Government. Tony Smith did not receive Liberal Party support for the upcoming 1998 election, and so become an independent. Cheryl Kernot had been a member of the Australian Senate and leader of the Australian Democrats. She resigned, joined the Labor Party and won the division in 1998. Peter Dutton was a minister in the Howard Government and Minister for Health and Minister for Sport in the Abbott Government.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Dickson (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission
 Peter Dutton's website

Electoral divisions of Australia
Queensland
1992 establishments in Australia
Shlomo Argov, Hebrew: שלמה ארגוב , (December 14, 1929 – February 23, 2003) was a well-known Israeli diplomat. He was the Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom. On 3 June, 1982 three Palestinians tried to kill Shlomo Argov. This was a cause of the 1982 Lebanon War.

Early life and education
Argov was born in Jerusalem in 1929. His family had lived in Jerusalem for seven generations. As a teenager, he joined the Palmach, the elite force of the Haganah. During the 1947-1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, he was wounded in the Battle of Safed. When Israel was established and the 1948 Arab-Israeli War began, Argov joined the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).

In 1950, he completed his military service and went to the United States to study. In 1952 he received a Bachelor of Arts in political science from Georgetown University. While studying, he worked part-time at the Israeli Embassy. In this time he met his future wife Hava. Afterwards, he went to study in the United Kingdom. In 1955 he received a Master of Arts in international relations from the London School of Economics.

Personal life
Argov had three children with his wife Hava: son Gideon and daughters Yehudit and Edna. Hava died in May 2002.

Attempted assassination
On 3 June 1982, three men, Hussein Ghassan Said, Marwan al-Banna, and Nawaf al-Rosan came close to Argov when he got into his car after a party at the Dorchester Hotel, in Park Lane, London. There is another report that says that four men were coming close to Shlomo Argov. Said shot Argov in the head. Argov was not killed, but he was badly injured. He was taken to the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery very rapidly, and he was taken to a specialist unit and the surgeons did an emergency brain surgery on him . He remained in a coma for three months. Argov was the second of two Israeli diplomats who were attacked in just a month. This was given as the reason for Israel attacking Lebanon in 1982.

Later life
Argov recovered from his coma and was returned to Israel. There, he was placed in Hadassah Hospital in Jerusalem as a permanent patient. Though he could not move, he could clearly understand what was going on around him.

Death
Argov died at Hadassah Hospital in 2003 aged 73 from the injuries in the attack. He had been paralysed and was placed in permanent hospital care for 21 years.

References

1929 births
2003 deaths
Ambassadors of Israel
Israeli Jews
People from Jerusalem
TR-069 is a protocol that is mainly used for the communication with end-user devices, such as DSL modems. The number of such devices is rising steadily, and they are often are very difficult to configure. For that reason, TR-069 allows to configure these modems remotely. This also poses problems, because it allows to change the configuation  the managed device as well as  other devices, which may be behind a firewall. Since the users are not aware of the configuration changes, TR-069 can be used to introduce a backdoor. This backdoor might allow a "remote search" by police or legal authorities of a country.

TR069 Open source implementations
EasyCwmp opensource implementation of the TR069 cwmp client developed with C/SHELL

Telecommunications
In computing, a backdoor is a way of bypassing security mechanisms to gain access to a resource that is otherwise secured. Backdoors give illegal access to an otherwise secured resource. A common example for  a backdoor is the existence of default passwords which can be used to access the BIOS of a computer. Very often, special programs that run on a computer provide the functionality of a backdoor.

List of known backdoors in standards
 the MD2 algorithm was found in the 1996 announcement of RFC6149 to have a backdoor
 Ron Rivest's MD4 hash was found in the 2011 announcement of RFC6150 to have a backdoor
 Rivest's MD5 hash was shown to have several weaknesses in 1996 by Hans Dobbertin
 SHA-0 (aka FIPS-180) was withdrawn after CRYPTO '98
 SHA-1 (aka FIPS-180-1) was shown to be attackable in 2005 by Eli Biham and co-authors, as well as Vincent Rijmen and Elisabeth Oswald
 The Dual_EC_DRBG cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator was revealed in 2013 to have a kleptographic backdoor deliberately inserted by NSA, who also had the private key to the backdoor.

References

Computer security
Manoel Cândido Pinto de Oliveira GCSE, GCIH (; 11 December 1908 – 2 April 2015) was a Portuguese director and screenwriter. At the age of 106, he is thought to be the second oldest movie director, just behind George Abbott at 107.

Manoel de Oliveira was born in Cedofeita, Porto and was raised as a Roman Catholic. He began making movies in 1927.

Oliveira married Maria Carvalhais on 4 December 1940. They have four children together that were all born in the 1940s. When he was younger, Oliveira competed as a race car driver.

He was also an athlete competing in the pole vault event.

de Oliveira died on April 2, 2015 in Porto from heart failure, aged 106.

References

Other websites

1908 births
People from Porto
Portuguese movie actors
Portuguese movie directors
Portuguese screenwriters
Portuguese movie producers
Deaths from heart failure
Centenarians
Roman Catholics
2015 deaths
Alison Brie Schermerhorn (born December 29, 1982), better known by her stage name Alison Brie, is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Annie Edison on the NBC sitcom Community and Trudy Campbell on the AMC drama Mad Men. She has also been in movies such as Scream 4 (2011), The Five-Year Engagement (2012), and as Uni-Kitty in The Lego Movie (2014) and The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part (2019).

Brie was born in Hollywood, California. Her mother is Jewish and her father is of Dutch, Irish, and Scottish origin. She started acting in 2004 at the Jewish Community Center in Southern California. She lives in Los Angeles. She received her Bachelor of Arts degree from the California Institute of the Arts in 2005. Before she was a movie actress, Brie worked as a clown at birthday parties. She also performed in theater in California. Brie also studied at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Scotland.

References

Other websites

 

1982 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
Sir Nicholas George Winton MBE (born Nicholas George Wertheim; 19 May 1909 – 1 July 2015) was a British humanitarian. He is best known for his role in the rescue of 669 mostly Jewish children from German-occupied Czechoslovakia before World War II. This event became known as the Czech Kindertransport. He was also known as the "British Schindler".

Winton was born in Hampstead, London, England. His parents were German Jews. The family later became Christians and Winton was baptised. In 1923, he began studying at Stowe School. He married Grete Gjelstrup, a woman of Danish origin, in 1948. They were married until Gjelstrup's death in 1999. They had three children together, Nicholas, Barbara and Robin.

Winton died from respiratory failure on 1 July 2015 in Slough, Berkshire, aged 106.

References

Other websites

1909 births
2015 deaths
Bankers
British centenarians
British Jews
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in England
English activists
English Christians
Humanitarians
Jewish activists
Jewish businesspeople
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from Hampstead
Stockbrokers
Trent is a town in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Moody County, and 232 people lived there at the 2010 census. Trent became a city in 1884.

References

Towns in South Dakota
1884 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Dakota Territory
Maicon Pereira de Oliveira (8 May 1988 – 8 February 2014) commonly known as Maicon, was a Brazilian footballer. He played for the Ukrainian club Illichivets on loan from Shakhtar Donetsk. He operated as a striker.

Maicon died in a car accident in Donetsk on 8 February 2014, aged 25.

References

1988 births
2014 deaths
Road accident deaths
Brazilian footballers
People from Rio de Janeiro
Jomo Kenyattapron. (~1889 – 22 August 1978) was an Kenyan politician. He was the leader of Kenya from independence in 1963 to his death in 1978. He served first as Prime Minister (1963–64) and then as President (1964–78). He is considered the founding father of the Kenyan nation.

As President, Kenyatta was against socialism and worked with the United Kingdom and the United States in the Cold War. He also was criticized within Kenya for corruption. He suffered a heart attack in 1966, and eventually died on 22 August 1978 from complications of a stroke, aged 88. His son Uhuru Kenyatta is the current president of the country.

References

Other websites

Jomo Kenyatta sworn in as President - 1964 newsreel
Mzee Jomo Kenyatta
Famous People in Kenya: Jomo Kenyatta

1889 births
1978 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Presidents of Kenya
Prime Ministers of Kenya
Daniel Toroitich arap Moi (2 September 1924 – 4 February 2020) was a Kenyan politician. He served as the 2nd President of Kenya from 1978 to 2002. He also served as the country's 3rd Vice President from 1967 to 1978.

Moi was popularly known to Kenyans as "Nyayo", a Swahili word for "footsteps". He earned this name because they thought he was following the footsteps of the first President.

Moi was born in Kurieng'wo village, Sacho division, Baringo County on 2 September 1924.

Moi died at a Nairobi hospital on 4 February 2020 at the age of 95. He had Alzheimer's disease and was recently hospitalized for multiple organ failure.

References

Other websites

 Moi Africa Institute 
 State House Kenya  Profile of Daniel Toroitich arap Moi

1924 births
2020 deaths
Presidents of Kenya
Deaths from multiple organ failure
People with Alzheimer's disease
Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta (born 26 October 1961) is a Kenyan politician. He is the fourth President of Kenya and the son of Jomo Kenyatta, the first president. He has been in office since 9 April 2013.

Before he was President, Kenyatta was Deputy Prime Minister from 2008 to 2013. Before that, he was the Member of Parliament for Gatundu South Constituency beginning in 2002. Kenyatta was also Chairman of Kenya African National Union (KANU), which was a part of the Party of National Unity (PNU).

In October 2021, he was cited in the pandora papers scandal.

References

Other websites

Uhuru Kenyatta 

1961 births
Living people
Presidents of Kenya
People from Nairobi
Current national leaders
The President of the Republic of Kenya () is the head of state and head of government of  Kenya. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Kenya. The president is the commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defence Forces. The first president of Kenya was Jomo Kenyatta. His son, Uhuru is now president.

Role
Under the 1964 Constitutional Amendment establishing the Republic of Kenya, the President replaced the Monarch as head of state and the Prime Minister as chief executive. The President was initially elected by  the House of Representatives of Kenya, and, after the merger of the House of Representatives and Senate into a unicameral National Assembly, by the National Assembly, for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy the Vice-President would have served as Acting President for 90 days until new elections were held.

Following the enactment of the 1969 Constitution of Kenya, the system of election by the National Assembly was replaced by direct elections under a first-past-the-post system, yet true separation of powers was still not established; The President had to also be elected as an MP and he had to appoint his Ministers from among MPs, the President was still able to dissolve the National Assembly, and the Assembly was still able to declare no confidence in the ministers. Not only that, but until the first multiparty elections in 1992, only one candidate - that of the Kenya African National Union - was nominated and automatically declared winner of the elections without voting actually being held.

With the enactment of the 2010 Constitution, Kenya's current, the first-past-the-post system was replaced in presidential elections in favor of a two-round system, the post of Vice-President was renamed Deputy President and was made to automatically succeed to the Presidency in case of a vacancy for the remainder of the term in a full, not merely acting, capacity, and the requirement of the President, DP, and ministers to also be MPs was abolished, finally establishing separation of powers between the executive and legislature.

List of presidents
Status

Other websites
Raila Amolo Odinga (born 7 January 1945) also popularly known to his supporters as Agwambo, is a Kenyan politician. He was the last Prime Minister of Kenya. He was elected in 2008. He was leading to a coalition government from 2008 to 2013. He was the last prime minister of Kenya until the position was abolished in 2013.

Raila Odinga was born at Maseno Church Missionary Society Hospital, in Maseno, Kisumu District, Nyanza Province on 7 January 1945.

References

Other websites

 http://allafrica.com/stories/201002100793.html
 http://www.biddho.com/horn-of-africa/kenya/21456-raila-odinga-embroiled-in-261-million-maize-scandal-in-kenya-newstime-africa.html
 Raila Odinga personal site
 Office of the Prime Minister – Kenya 
 Raila Odinga – Profile, Biography & Timeline  
 Raila Odinga political biography
 An Audience with Raila  – (video – London Sep 7th 2007) 
 An open letter to Hon. Raila Amolo Odinga by Jerry Okungu, Posted On: 2007-11-28

1945 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Kenya
María de Villota Comba (13 January 1980 – 11 October 2013) was a Spanish racing driver.

María de Villota was born in Madrid on 13 January 1980. She was the daughter of former Formula One driver Emilio de Villota. She was also the sister of Emilio de Villota, Jr., who also competed in Formula Palmer Audi. Before her death, de Villota was recovering from serious injuries on her head and face. These was caused by a straight-line testing accident at the Duxford Aerodrome in Duxford, Cambridgeshire, England on 3 July 2012. She married Rodrigo García Millán, a personal trainer and owner of Oxigeno Training, on 28 July 2013 in Seville. They got married less than three months before her death.

María de Villota died from a heart failure on 11 October 2013. She died in a hotel room in Seville, at the age of 33. Her death was said to have been caused by the accident she had in 2012. She was outlived by her husband and her family.

References

Other websites

1980 births
2013 deaths
Sportspeople from Madrid
Racecar drivers
Autobiographers
Deaths from cardiac arrest
George Spencer-Brown (2 April 1923 – 25 August 2016) was an English polymath. He was best known  as the author of Laws of Form. He described himself as a "mathematician, consulting engineer, psychologist, educational consultant and practitioner, consulting psychotherapist, author, and poet."

References

Other websites
G Spencer-Brown: Laws of Form , website with Tutorial, Flash animations, downloads.
 Richard Shoup's website devoted to Spencer-Brown, his work, and related ideas. Includes an extensive bibliography of the secondary literature on Laws of Form.
 Brief bio of G. Spencer-Brown.
 Draw a distinction... The space of imagination based on Spencer-Brown.
 Kauffman, Louis H., "Reformulating the Map Color Theorem".
 Transcript of Spencer-Brown's talks at Esalen, 1973.
 http://iconicmath.com/

1923 births
2016 deaths
English mathematicians
English poets
British engineers
British psychologists
Writers from Lincolnshire
Henry Wollman Bloch (July 30, 1922 – April 23, 2019) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was the co-founder and (since 2000) the chairman of the American tax-preparation company H&R Block. Henry and his brother, Richard Bloch, founded H&R Block in 1955 in Kansas City, Missouri.

References

1922 births
2019 deaths
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from Kansas City, Missouri
Richard Adolf Bloch (February 15, 1926 – July 21, 2004) was an American entrepreneur and philanthropist. He is best known for starting the H&R Block tax preparation and personal finance company with his older brother Henry in 1955.  His personal experience with cancer led him to invest in helping others fight and overcome the disease.

Bloch died of heart failure on July 21, 2004 at the age of 78. He was survived by his wife, Annette, daughters Linda Lyon, Barbara Stanny and Nancy Linsely and ten grandchildren.

References

Other websites
 Bloch Cancer Foundation

Related pages

 Henry Hillman
 John C. Bogle
 Kenneth Langone

1926 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from Kansas City, Missouri