cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
ELIZA is an early program able to process natural language. ELIZA operated by processing users' responses to scripts. The most famous script was called DOCTOR. It was a simulation of a Rogerian psychotherapist. Eliza didn't know much about thought or emotion. However, DOCTOR   sometimes provided conversation like a human. ELIZA was written at MIT by Joseph Weizenbaum between 1964 to 1966.

When the person used words that were not in the very small list,
DOCTOR might say, for example, responding to "My head hurts", "Why do you say your head hurts?" The response to "My mother hates me" might be "Who else in your family hates you?" ELIZA was programmed using simple pattern matching techniques, but was taken seriously by several of its users, even after Weizenbaum explained to them how it worked. It was one of the first chatterbots in existence.

Implementations
 Using Java, and based very closely on Weizenbaum's published description of the program: http://www.chayden.net/eliza/Eliza.html
 Using z80 Assembly on the TI-83 Plus: ticalc.org
 Trans-Tex Software has released shareware versions for Classic Mac OS and Mac OS X: Trans-Tex Software
 doctor.el (circa 1985) in Emacs lisp: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/areas/classics/eliza/emacs/0.html.
 Source code in Tcl: http://wiki.tcl.tk/9235
 Source code in BASIC: http://www.atariarchives.org/bigcomputergames/showpage.php?page=22

Related pages
 20Q
 Artificial intelligence
 Chatterbot
 Loebner prize
 Turing test

Notes

References

Other websites 
 dialogues with colorful personalities of early AI , a collection of dialogues between ELIZA and various conversants, such as a company vice president and PARRY (a simulation of a paranoid schizophrenic)
 Weizenbaum. Rebel at work - Peter Haas, Silvia Holzinger, Documentary movie with Joseph Weizenbaum and ELIZA.
 Questsin - MSN Messenger implementation of ELIZA
 CounterCounseling  - Source code in C (programming language), Windows

Software
GNU Emacs (short for Editing Macros) is a text editor that is common on many UNIX-based operating systems.

Emacs is primarily used by programmers.

Emacs is made powerful by Emacs Lisp, a built-in programming language that lets the user extend the capabilities of the editor.

A common Emacs joke is that all of the functions of the editor are crazy weird keystrokes (such as "control-meta-4 shift-left-P-semicolon-F1" to do something simple like cut and paste text).  In reality, though, these keystrokes are relatively simple, though they can take some getting used to.

There is an Internet turf war between programmers that prefer Emacs and programmers that prefer Vim (or Vi), another common text editor.

References

GNU project software
Microsoft Windows software
Linux software
Quezon City, or Q.C., is the largest city of the Philippines. It is just south of Manila. In 2015, it had a population of 2.936 million people. The city, on Luzon island, was named after Manuel L. Quezon, the former president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

References

Other websites
Official Cebuano Website

 
Cities in the Philippines
Robert "Uncle Bob" Larue Stewart (1917-2006) is the founder, former owner and broadcaster of the GMA Network (formerly known as Republic Broadcasting System).

Filipino people
1917 births
2006 deaths
Far Eastern Republic (;  romanised: Dalnevostochnaya Respublika, DVR), sometimes called the Chita Republic, was a nominally independent state established at Blagoveshchensk, covering the former Russian Far East and Siberia east of Lake Baikal on April 6, 1920.

1922 disestablishments
Puppet states
1920 establishments in Asia
1920s disestablishments in Asia
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Fujishiro was born in Chiba Prefecture on January 25, 1960. After graduating from Juntendo University, he joined Japan Soccer League club Nippon Kokan (later NKK SC) in 1982. Starting in 1985, the club won second place for three years in a row. The club also won the 1987 JSL Cup. He played 172 matches und scored 41 goals until 1990/91 season. He joined Sumitomo Metal in 1992. He retired in 1992.

On January 27, 1988, Fujishiro debuted for the Japan national team against the United Arab Emirates. He played two games for Japan in 1988.

Statistics

|-
|1982||rowspan="6"|Nippon Kokan||JSL Division 1||17||5
|-
|1983||JSL Division 2||11||2
|-
|1984||rowspan="4"|JSL Division 1||17||2
|-
|1985/86||22||11
|-
|1986/87||22||9
|-
|1987/88||22||3
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="3"|NKK||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 1||21||3
|-
|1989/90||20||2
|-
|1990/91||20||4
|-
|1991/92||Sumitomo Metal||JSL Division 2||16||5
188||46
188||46
|}

|-
|1988||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

References

Other websites

1960 births
Living people
Footballers from Chiba Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
NKK SC players
Kashima Antlers players
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Nakamoto was born in Hiroshima Prefecture on October 29, 1959. After graduating from Chuo University, he joined Japan Soccer League club Nippon Kokan (later NKK) in 1982. From 1985, the club won the 2nd place for 3 years in a row. In 1987, the club won JSL Cup. He played for 168 matches for the club. He retired in 1991.

In August 1979, when Nakamoto was a Chuo University student, he was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 1979 World Youth Championship. He played 3 matches. In September 1987, he was selected the Japan national team for 1988 Summer Olympics qualification. At this qualification, on September 2, he debuted against Thailand. He played 5 games for Japan in 1987.

Statistics

|-
|1982||rowspan="6"|Nippon Kokan||JSL Division 1||9||0||2||0||3||0||14||0
|-
|1983||JSL Division 2||17||0||4||0||0||0||21||0
|-
|1984||rowspan="4"|JSL Division 1||18||0||1||0||||||19||0
|-
|1985/86||22||0||3||0||2||0||27||0
|-
|1986/87||22||0||5||0||3||0||30||0
|-
|1987/88||21||0||2||0||5||0||28||0
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="3"|NKK||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 1||22||0||||||0||0||22||0
|-
|1989/90||17||0||2||0||2||0||21||0
|-
|1990/91||20||0||||||2||0||22||0
168||0||19||0||17||0||204||0
168||0||19||0||17||0||204||0
|}

|-
|1987||5||0
|-
!Total||5||0
|}

References

Other websites

1959 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
NKK SC players
Horticulture is the practical botany of gardens. It includes both decorative and vegetable aspects of gardens. A horticulturist is a person who works and conducts research in the science and skill of growing flowers, fruits, vegetables or ornamental plants. Plant breeding is an important part of horticulture.

Related pages
 Arboriculture
 Gardening

Botany
Gardening
Agriculture
Ryujiro Ueda (born 29 January 1988) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Fagiano Okayama.

Club career statistics

|-
|2006||rowspan="3"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Fagiano Okayama||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||31||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||31||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
31||0||0||0||0||0||31||0
31||0||0||0||0||0||31||0
|}

References

1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
Cauê Santos da Mata (born 1 May 1986 ) is a Brazilian football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2007||Consadole Sapporo||J. League 2||32||2||1||0||33||2
32||2||1||0||33||2
32||2||1||0||33||2

References

1986 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
People from Salvador, Bahia
, also known as Kang Il-Sung (Ko: 강일성, 康一成), is a Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Yokohama Marinos||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||8||3||2||1||0||0||10||4
|-
|1998||5||0||0||0||4||2||9||2
|-
|1999||Yokohama F. Marinos||J. League 1||4||0||0||0||0||0||4||0
|-
|1999||Omiya Ardija||J. League 2||6||1||2||2||0||0||8||3
|-
|2000||Yokohama F. Marinos||J. League 1||13||0||1||0||1||0||15||0
|-
|2001||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||28||3||4||0||2||0||34||3
|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Kawasaki Frontale||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||37||1||5||1||colspan="2"|-||42||2
|-
|2003||34||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||35||2
|-
|2004||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2005||Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 2||34||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||35||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Kashiwa Reysol||J. League 2||45||10||0||0||colspan="2"|-||45||10
|-
|2007||J. League 1||1||0||0||0||3||0||4||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||18||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||18||2
|-
|2008||33||4||0||0||colspan="2"|-||33||4
268||26||16||4||10||2||294||32
268||26||16||4||10||2||294||32
|}

References

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
is a Japanese football player.

Since 2009, he has been active in India's professional football league.  In 2011, coaches in the I-League named Sueoka as the best player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||5||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|2003||12||1||3||1||colspan="2"|-||15||2

|-
|2004||Albirex Niigata Singapore||S. League||27||12||1||0||colspan="2"|-||28||12

|-
|2005||Albirex Niigata||J. League 1||5||0||3||1||0||0||8||1

|-
|2006||Geylang United||S. League||29||4||||||colspan="2"|-||29||4
|-
|2007||Balestier Khalsa||S. League||32||9||||||colspan="2"|-||32||9

|-
|2008-2009||Bangkok||Thai Premier||||||||||colspan="2"|-||||

|-
|2010-2011||Mohun Bagan||I-League||||||||||colspan="2"|-||||
|-
|2011-2012||Salgaocar||I-League||||||||||colspan="2"|-||||
|-
|2012-2013||Dempo||I-League||||||||||colspan="2"|-||||
||22||1||8||2||0||0||30||3
||88||25||1||0||colspan="2"|-||89||25
||  ||  || || ||colspan="2"|-|||||
||  ||  || || ||colspan="2"|-|||||
110||26||9||2||0||0||119||28
|}

References

1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Yamaguchi Prefecture
Koichi Sugiyama (born 27 October 1971) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1994||rowspan="5"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||31||0||3||0||1||0||35||0
|-
|1995||44||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||45||1
|-
|1996||23||0||3||0||9||0||35||0
|-
|1997||8||0||2||0||3||0||13||0
|-
|1998||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||26||1||4||0||4||0||34||1
|-
|2000||25||0||0||0||5||0||30||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||11||0||3||0||0||0||14||0
|-
|2002||1||0||0||0||3||0||4||0
|-
|2003||Albirex Niigata||J. League 2||6||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
175||2||17||0||25||0||217||2
175||2||17||0||25||0||217||2
|}

References

1971 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
Shoji Yamada (born 6 December 1984) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2003||Albirex Niigata||J. League 2||0||0||1||0||1||0
0||0||1||0||1||0
0||0||1||0||1||0
|}

References

1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
Bill Foulkes (5 January 1932 – 25 November 2013) was an English footballer-turned-manager. He played for England national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1951/52||rowspan="19"|Manchester United||rowspan="19"|First Division||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1952/53||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1953/54||32||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||1
|-
|1954/55||41||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|1955/56||26||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||27||0
|-
|1956/57||39||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||8||0||53||0
|-
|1957/58||42||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||8||0||58||0
|-
|1958/59||32||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|-
|1959/60||42||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||45||0
|-
|1960/61||40||0||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||45||0
|-
|1961/62||40||0||7||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||47||0
|-
|1962/63||41||0||6||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||47||0
|-
|1963/64||41||1||7||0||0||0||6||0||54||1
|-
|1964/65||42||0||7||0||0||0||11||0||60||0
|-
|1965/66||33||0||7||0||0||0||8||1||48||1
|-
|1966/67||33||3||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||35||3
|-
|1967/68||24||1||0||0||0||0||6||1||30||2
|-
|1968/69||10||0||0||0||0||0||5||0||15||0
|-
|1969/70||3||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
563||6||61||0||3||0||52||2||679||8
563||6||61||0||3||0||52||2||679||8
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1954||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

1932 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
English footballers
English football managers
Sportspeople from Lancashire
Gianpiero Combi (20 November 1902 – 12 August 1956) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1921/22||rowspan="13"|Juventus||rowspan="8"|Championship||10||0
|-
|1922/23||21||0
|-
|1923/24||21||0
|-
|1924/25||24||0
|-
|1925/26||27||0
|-
|1926/27||28||0
|-
|1927/28||32||0
|-
|1928/29||28||0
|-
|1929/30||rowspan="5"|Serie A||34||0
|-
|1930/31||29||0
|-
|1931/32||34||0
|-
|1932/33||34||0
|-
|1933/34||29||0
351||0
351||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1924||1||0
|-
|1925||4||0
|-
|1926||2||0
|-
|1927||3||0
|-
|1928||7||0
|-
|1929||4||0
|-
|1930||5||0
|-
|1931||8||0
|-
|1932||2||0
|-
|1933||5||0
|-
|1934||6||0
|-
!Total||47||0
|}

References

1902 births
1956 deaths
Italian footballers
Varkala () is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. It is on the west coast of India near the far south of the mainland. It is the only region in the southern Kerala that has cliffs. Geologists call these cliffs the Varkala Formation.

Infrastructure
Varkala is a famous tourist place. The town has great telecommunication facilities, an average-rated water supply system, fire station, several post offices and a police station. The town has a government-run modern medicine, ayurveda, and nature cure hospital. Also there are about 10 private hospitals, clinics and some dental clinics.

References

Cities in India
Mesut Özil (born 15 October 1988) is a German football player of Turkish descent. He plays for Fenerbahçe and the German national team. 

Özil is often praised for his skill at being an attacking midfielder. He is known for making plenty of assists. In 2011, he made the second most assists with Real Madrid in La Liga with 17 and the most assists in major European competitions with 25.

Club career

Schalke 04 

In 2005, he went to the youth department of FC Schalke 04. He was a midfielder, and his number was 17. He soon played in the Ligapokal, against teams such as FC Bayern Munich and Bayer Leverkusen. He was thought to be the "next big thing," but soon left the club.

Werder Bremen 

In 2008, Mesut Özil moved to Werder Bremen for a reported amount of €4.3 million, signing a contract with the German club until June 30, 2011. He soon became popular in the club, leading them to the 2009 DFB-Pokal final with the winning goal against Bayer Leverkusen. He helped the team make it to the UEFA Cup, but lost to Shakhtar Donetsk.

Real Madrid 

Because of his impressive performance in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, he made his place as one of the best young football athletes in Europe. Teams such as FC Barcelona, Manchester United. and Arsenal wanted him in their squad. Werder Bremen made an agreement with Real Madrid. The transfer amount was believed to be near €15 million. After signing, Özil said, "When the offer came in to join Real Madrid, there is no decision to make. Let's be honest – you don't refuse this club. I was in no rush to leave Werder Bremen, but this is one club you say yes to. They are an institution, a club with a fantastic history, stadium and squad full of world-class players. The prospect of performing at the Bernabeu is so awesome you jump straight in."

His first game was against Hércules, which the team won the game 3-1. His first goal was against Deportivo de La Coruña, which the team won 6-1.

Mesut Özil performed many assists, and in the 2011-12 season he was nominated for the FIFA Ballon d'Or award. Real Madrid maintained its success, and finished in 1st place in the 2011-12 La Liga.

Arsenal

Ozil joined Arsenal in September 2013 at a transfer fee believed to be around €50 million. His first game for Arsenal was against Sunderland in which the team won 3-1, with him making an assist. He was a top performer in his first season, however his form has went down since then.

Club career statistics

International career goals

Retirement

Őzil stopped playing for the German National Team in July 2018 citing "racism and disrespect".

References 

1988 births
Living people
German footballers
People from Gelsenkirchen
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
is a former Japanese football player.

Biography
Minoguchi was born in Chiba Prefecture on August 23, 1965. After graduating from Kokushikan University, he joined Japan Soccer League club Furukawa Electric (later JEF United Ichihara) in 1988. He played 67 games and scored 14 goals in Japan Soccer League. From 1993, he played for Japan Football League club PJM Futures (1993-1994), Fukuoka Blux (1995) and Oita Trinity (1996).

In 1988, Minoguchi was selected the Japan national "B team" for 1988 Asian Cup. At this competition, he played 2 games. However, Japan Football Association don't count as Japan national team match because this Japan team was "B team" not "top team".

Statistics

|-
|1988/89||rowspan="4"|Furukawa Electric||rowspan="4"|JSL Division 1||14||2||||||||||14||2
|-
|1989/90||16||6||||||1||0||17||6
|-
|1990/91||18||2||||||5||2||23||4
|-
|1991/92||19||4||||||1||0||20||4
|-
|1992||JEF United Ichihara||J1 League||colspan="2"|-||||||0||0||0||0
67||14||0||0||7||2||74||16
67||14||0||0||7||2||74||16
|}

References

Other websites

1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Chiba Prefecture
J1 League players
Japan Soccer League players
JEF United Chiba players
Sagan Tosu players
Avispa Fukuoka players
Oita Trinita players
1988 AFC Asian Cup players
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Nimura was born in Kyoto on May 2, 1943. After graduating from Waseda University, he joined Toyo Industries in 1966. The club won Japan Soccer League champions 4 times (1966, 1967, 1968, 1970) and Emperor's Cup 2 times (1967, 1969). This was the greatest era in the club history. He retired in 1976. He played 151 games and scored 16 goals in the league.

In December 1970, Nimura was selected the Japan national team for 1970 Asian Games. At this competition, on December 10, he debuted against Malaysia. He played 5 games for Japan in 1970.

After retirement, Nimura became a manager for Mazda (former Toyo Industries) as Aritatsu Ogi successor in 1981. However, in 1983 season, the club finished at the bottom place and was relegated to Division 2 first time. He resigned end of 1983 season.

Statistics

|-
|1970||5||0
|-
!Total||5||0
|}

References

Other websites

1943 births
Living people
Footballers from Kyoto Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Sanfrecce Hiroshima players
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Shigematsu was born in Hiroshima on April 2, 1930. When he played for Keio University, he won 1952 Emperor's Cup as a member of All Keio. After graduating from Keio University, he joined his local club Toyo Industries in 1954. He won the 2nd place at 1954 and 1957 Emperor's Cup. At 1954 Emperor's Cup, it was first Emperor's Cup finalist as a works team.

In May 1958, Shigematsu was selected the Japan national team for 1958 Asian Games. At this competition, on May 28, he debuted against Hong Kong.

After retirement, in 1974 Shigematsu became a president of his local baseball club Hiroshima Toyo Carp. In 1981, he moved to Fujita Industries (later Bellmare Hiratsuka) and became a president of the club in 1997. In 1999, he left the club.

In 2018, Shigematsu died at the age of 88.

Statistics

|-
|1958||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

1930 births
2018 deaths
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Sanfrecce Hiroshima players
Takuya Muro (born 2 November 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sagan Tosu.

Club career statistics

|-
|2007||rowspan="4"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2008||24||0||1||0||25||0
|-
|2009||47||0||2||0||49||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||
71||0||3||0||74||0
71||0||3||0||74||0
|}

References

1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
Miguel Torres Gómez (born 28 January 1986) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Getafe.

Club career statistics

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Real Madrid||rowspan="3"|La Liga||18||0||5||0||3||0||26||0
|-
|2007/08||20||0||3||0||3||0||26||0
|-
|2008/09||14||0||0||0||1||0||15||0
|-
|2009/10||Getafe||La Liga||||||||||||||||
52||0||8||0||7||0||67||0
52||0||8||0||7||0||67||0
|}

References

1986 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Sportspeople from Madrid
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Kuwata was born in Hiroshima on June 26, 1941. After graduating from Waseda University, he joined his local club Toyo Industries in 1965. The club won Japan Soccer League champions for 4 years in a row (1965-1968). The club also won 1965, 1967 and 1969 Emperor's Cup. He retired in 1969. He played 62 games and scored 34 goals in the league. He was selected Best Eleven in 1966 and 1967.

On May 28, 1961, when Kuwata was a Waseda University student, he debuted and scored a goal for the Japan national team against Malaya. In 1962, he also played and scored a goal at 1962 Asian Games. He played 5 games and scored 2 goals for Japan until 1962.

Statistics

|-
|1965||rowspan="5"|Toyo Industries||rowspan="5"|JSL Division 1||14||11
|-
|1966||14||6
|-
|1967||14||9
|-
|1968||13||7
|-
|1969||7||1
62||34
62||34
|}

|-
|1961||2||1
|-
|1962||3||1
|-
!Total||5||2
|}

References

Other websites

1941 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Sanfrecce Hiroshima players
Juan Manuel Mata (born 28 April 1988) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Manchester United FC and Spain national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Valencia||rowspan="3"|La Liga||24||5||8||4||1||0||33||9
|-
|2008/09||37||1||2||1||6||1||45||13
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
61||16||10||5||7||1||78||22
61||16||10||5||7||1||78||22
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2009||7||3
|-
!Total||7||3
|}

References

1988 births
Chelsea F.C. players
Living people
Manchester United F.C. players
Spanish footballers
People from Castile and León
goto is a statement in many programming languages. It is a combination of the English words go and to. It is a way to jump to another line of code.

Many languages support the goto statement, and many do not. In Java, goto is a reserved word, but cannot be used. (A reserved word is a word that is a part of the programming language and cannot be used for other things like naming variables.)

In Computer Science, there is a theory called the structured program theorem. This theory says that any program can be written in such a way that things are done with functions and methods (smaller sub-programs) instead of in one very big program and goto statements. The theory proves that the goto statement is not needed to write programs.

Use 
A goto statement is usually used with a label. A label is a word that identifies a place in a piece of code. A goto statement in code usually looks like this:

 goto LABEL

In this example, the computer would jump to the location of LABEL.

Many times the goto statement is, combined with the if statement. In this case, the computer will only jump to another place in the code if something is true. For example:

 IF condition THEN goto LABEL

This can be read as "if some condition is true, then go to the location of LABEL."

Different programming languages have different restrictions or limits on the use of goto statements. For example, the C programming language does not allow a goto to jump to a location inside of another function (subprogram).

References 

Computer programming
Lisa M. Buttenheim, a national of the United States, was appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon as his Special Representative and Head of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)on 2 June 2010.She has extensive experience with the United Nations in political affairs and peacekeeping.

Buttenheim replaces Tayé-Brook Zerihoun of Ethiopia, who held the same function from May 2008 to April 2010.  The Secretary-General expressed his gratitude to Zerihoun for his devotion and leadership of UNFICYP.  In addition, Zerihoun served as the acting Deputy to the Special advisor of the Secretary-General on Cyprus. During his tenure, he provided assistance to the Secretary-General’s mission of good offices.

Before the appointment of Buttenheim, she was Director of the Middle East and West Asia Division in the Department of Political Affairs from January 2009. She previously served in the same department as Director of the Asia and Pacific Division from January to December 2008. She was Director of the Asia and Middle East Division in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations from April 2004 to December 2007. She served as Director and Head of the United Nations Office in Belgrade from March 2003 to March 2004.

Between May 1997 and February 2003, Buttenheim was Senior Political Adviser in the Office of the Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva.During the same period, she was also the acting Chief of Staff, Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General in the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), Director and Senior Adviser in the Office of the Special Envoy for the Balkans in Geneva.

She joined the United Nations in March 1983 and held a number of positions in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, the Office of the Under-Secretaries-General for Special Political Affairs in New York, and the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) in Jerusalem.
Buttenheim holds a Master's degree in international economics and Middle East studies from Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies, in Washington, D.C., and a bachelor's degree in political science and English from Stanford University.
She was born in 1954 and is married to Jean-Claude Aimé, a former United Nations official.

Other websites
UN Biography Lisa M.Buttenheim

1954 births
Living people
American diplomats
Women diplomats
Theanine is a chemical that you find in tea and in some mushrooms. Theanine is an amino acid. The chemical theanine can change your mood, behavior and the way you see or feel things. It lowers stress and it is also an antioxidant. This is a good chemical that fights aging. Theanine helps the immune system. This protects your body against diseases.

References

Organic compounds
A Bichon Frise is a small,  breed of dog.  It has a coat that can be solid white, apricot or grey. A white coat is preferred in dog shows. It is also very playful and friendly.

Dog breeds
Thirty is a number. It is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, and 30. It is a composite number. It is the number between 29 and 31. In roman numerals in is XXX.

Integers
Eighty is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 40, and 80.

Integers
Ninety is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 18, 30, 45, and 90.

Integers
Yazman Tehsil is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Bahawalpur District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

Tehsils of Punjab (Pakistan)
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is a way of allocating IP addresses and routing Internet Protocol packets.

Internet

it:Supernetting#CIDR
The Rage: Carrie 2 is a 1999 American horror science fiction sequel movie. It follows classic 1976 horror movie Carrie.

Background 
The director said that the movie shows how difficult it is to be a young woman today.

Plot summary 
Rachael/Rachel, like Carrie, is a high school outcast who attends Bates High School, except that it is a new building because Carrie destroyed the first one. Also like Carrie, she has telekinetic powers, the ability to move things with your mind, powers. Throughout the movie, there is flashbacks to events that happened in the first movie. Unlike Carrie, the prom violence is graphic impalings with flying CDs and fireplace pokers. Rachael's telekinetic powers are first shown when her Lisa commits suicide by jumping off of the roof of the school.

Reception 
Rob Nelson, of City Pages, said that the movie's obsessive focus on predatory teen-male sexuality — and female fragility in the face of it — clearly pegs this as the work of a feminist. Marc Savlov, of Austin Chronicle said that the movie does not even deliver one good shock.

References

Other websites 

1999 science fiction movies
1999 horror movies
1990s high school movies
1990s science fiction horror movies
1990s sequel movies
1990s teen horror movies
American high school movies
American science fiction horror movies
American sequel movies
American teen horror movies
Carrie
English-language movies
Feminist movies
Movies about bullying
Movies about revenge
Suicide in movies
Supernatural horror movies
Telekinesis in movies
The name "John Doe" is used as a name in a legal action, case or discussion for a male person, whose true identity is unknown, anonymous or must be withheld for legal reasons. Male corpses or hospital patients whose identities are unknown may also be called "John Doe".  The name "Jane Doe" is used for females.

John or Jane Doe is also use an example when a name is needed, for instance when showing how a form should be completed.  "Joe Bloggs" is sometimes used in such a case.

Law

fr:Homme de la rue
fi:Matti Meikäläinen
Simon Davies (born 23 October 1979) is a Welsh football player. He plays for Fulham and Wales national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Peterborough United||rowspan="3"|Third Division||6||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|1998/99||43||4||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||46||4
|-
|1999/00||16||2||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||20||2
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="6"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="6"|Premier League||3||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2000/01||13||2||1||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||15||4
|-
|2001/02||31||4||3||0||7||3||colspan="2"|-||41||7
|-
|2002/03||36||5||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||39||5
|-
|2003/04||17||2||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||20||2
|-
|2004/05||21||0||5||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||29||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Everton||rowspan="2"|Premier League||30||1||2||0||1||0||3||0||36||1
|-
|2006/07||15||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Fulham||rowspan="4"|Premier League||14||2||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||16||2
|-
|2007/08||37||5||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||40||5
|-
|2008/09||33||2||5||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||39||3
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
315||29||26||3||23||3||3||0||367||35
315||29||26||3||23||3||3||0||367||35
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2001||5||0
|-
|2002||7||3
|-
|2003||6||1
|-
|2004||3||0
|-
|2005||7||1
|-
|2006||8||0
|-
|2007||12||1
|-
|2008||7||0
|-
|2009||2||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||57||6
|}

References

1979 births
Living people
Welsh footballers
Cristian Brocchi (born 30 January 1976) is an Italian football player. He plays for Lazio.

Club career statistics

|-
|1994/95||Milan||Serie A||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Pro Sesto||Serie C1||32||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||32||1
|-
|1996/97||Serie C2||25||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||25||2
|-
|1997/98||Lumezzane||Serie C1||30||4||0||0||colspan="2"|-||30||4
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Hellas Verona||Serie B||32||6||3||0||colspan="2"|-||35||6
|-
|1999/00||Serie A||27||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||28||2
|-
|2000/01||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||15||1||0||0||3||0||18||1
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Milan||rowspan="4"|Serie A||12||1||5||0||7||0||24||1
|-
|2002/03||12||2||7||0||7||0||26||2
|-
|2003/04||11||0||6||0||3||0||20||0
|-
|2004/05||11||0||3||1||2||0||16||1
|-
|2005/06||Fiorentina||Serie A||34||3||4||0||colspan="2"|-||38||3
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Milan||rowspan="2"|Serie A||29||1||5||1||8||0||42||2
|-
|2007/08||24||0||2||0||3||0||29||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Lazio||rowspan="2"|Serie A||31||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||34||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
325||23||39||2||36||0||400||25
325||23||39||2||36||0||400||25
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2006||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

1976 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Mbo Mpenza (born 4 December 1976) is a former Belgian football player. He has played for Belgium national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="3"|Kortrijk||rowspan="3"|Second Division||20||13
|-
|1994/95||26||9
|-
|1995/96||27||12
|-
|1996/97||Mouscron||First Division||30||12
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Standard Liège||rowspan="3"|First Division||19||8
|-
|1998/99||17||6
|-
|1999/00||16||6

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Sporting Portugal||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||17||3
|-
|2000/01||18||0

|-
|2001/02||Galatasaray||Süper Lig||0||0

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Mouscron||rowspan="3"|First Division||15||8
|-
|2002/03||17||8
|-
|2003/04||30||11
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="4"|Anderlecht||rowspan="4"|First Division||28||7
|-
|2005/06||29||11
|-
|2006/07||16||2
|-
|2007/08||13||0

|-
|2008/09||Larissas||Super League||0||0
303||113
35||3
0||0
0||0
338||116
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1997||1||0
|-
|1998||7||0
|-
|1999||8||0
|-
|2000||5||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||9||0
|-
|2003||6||0
|-
|2004||7||0
|-
|2005||7||3
|-
|2006||3||0
|-
|2007||3||0
|-
!Total||56||3
|}

References

1976 births
Living people
Belgian footballers
People from Kinshasa
Oscar Benjamin Cintas, (b. Sagua la Grande, Cuba, 1887; d. New York City, N.Y. 1957) was an important sugar and railroad magnate. He served as Cuba’s ambassador to the United States from 1932 until 1934.

Cintas used to be a Cuban Ambassador to the United States. Cintas liked to collect art and manuscripts. He had bought the Bliss Copy for $54,000 at a public auction in 1949. It "set a new high record for the sale of a document at public auction". The Castro government claimed Cintas' properties after it became powerful in 1959. But Cintas, who died in 1957, had willed the Gettysburg Address to the American people, if it would be kept at the White House. It was moved there in 1959, and is still there today.

References

Other websites 
 

1887 births
1957 deaths
Cuban people
Hyperopia (also called hypermetropia or far-sightedness) is a problem with the focusing ability of the eye. People with hyperopia have an easier time seeing things that are far away than seeing things that are up close. Inside the eye is the lens which can change shape to change the focusing power of the eye and make things look clear. Someone who is not far-sighted only needs to use their lens to make far objects look clear. But for someone with hyperopia, their lens has to do that even when they're looking far away, and it has to work extra hard to make close objects look clear. 

Many people with small amounts of hyperopia don't have any problems seeing up close because it's easy for their lens to focus all the time, especially when they're children. But if they have more hyperopia, they often get headaches and eyestrain when they read for a long time because the muscle that controls the lens gets tired.

Hyperopia can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery.

Diseases and disorders of the eye
Dispersion is the idea that the frequency of a wave influences its velocity (speed).  Dispersion is most easily seen in light, when all the colors inside white light become separated by a prism. 

When a white beam is shone at the prism, all of the colors in the light (colour spectrum) are slowed down when they meet the prism.  Each color then refracts (bends) at different angles, making us see a rainbow.

The spitting of white light into seven colours (VIBGYOR) is dispersion

Physics
Absorption spectroscopy is a technique used to find out what makes up a sample of a substance – in other words, a chemical analysis.

When a full spectrum of light (light with all the colours, like light from the sun) passes through the sample (which is often a gas) some specific colours do not show up on the other side. These colours of light are being absorbed by the sample. An image is created of the spectrum of light with black breaks where the light has been absorbed. These breaks are called absorption lines, and every element has its characteristic pattern of absorption lines.

On an atomic scale, this happens because of the electrons in the atoms of the sample - an electron can absorb light to gain energy. From experiments, electrons only ever absorb certain amounts of energy, suggesting an electron's energy must fit onto set, quantised, discrete energy levels. The process of an electron going to a higher energy level is called excitation. For any atom of a particular element, the energy needed to excite an electron from one specific energy level to another will be the same. This is important because it allows us to compare the absorption lines of say, the atmosphere of a far away planet, to the absorption lines of elements we know to exist in a lab. We can then reach a conclusion about what the distant planet's atmosphere may be made of.

The missing colours give us information about the energy of the photons that cause excitation. Note that the energy gained by the excited electron is equal to the energy of the incident photon (a particle of light), so only photons with fitting energies will cause an excitation. The energy of a photon is proportional to its frequency: 

Where E is the energy of a photon, h is Planck's constant (a constant is a set number that doesn't change) and f is the frequency of the photon. Since a colour can be described as a specific frequency of light, this is why the black breaks can be used to identify element(s) which the light is passing through.

The intensity of the absorption varies as a function of frequency, and this variation is the absorption spectrum.

In chemistry, the technique is used to detect and measure concentrations of a particular metal element within a solution. The  scientists atomise the sample (make it turn to individual atoms) and then see what light wavelengths it absorbs. Each type of chemical (element) absorbs a particular wavelength, so scientists can tell which chemicals are in the sample. Every element has a different atomic absorption spectrum because of the different light wavelengths it absorbs.

References

Spectroscopy
This is about the sportsman.  For the North Korean politician, see Kim Jong-nam.
Kim Jung-Nam (, Hanja: 金正男, born January 28, 1943) is a South Korean professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player.  He was a member of the Korean national team, including the 1964 Summer Olympics.

He was a K-League manager;  and he served as K-League Vice President.

References

1943 births
Living people
South Korean footballers
South Korean football managers
People from Seoul
Snowy River National Park is a national park in Victoria (Australia), 323 km east of Melbourne. The park includes much of the Snowy River.

A lot of the park is a protected wilderness area, with no access for vehicles. The park in the Little River Gorge area, has one of the last natural habitats for the endangered Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby. Numbers for this species are estimated as extremely small, with the rugged terrain making it difficult to count the population. Over 250 species have been found in the park, 29 are rare or threatened in Victoria. These include the Long-footed Potoroo, Spotted Quoll (Tiger Quoll), Giant Burrowing Frog and Eastern She-oak Skink.

Little River Gorge
Little River Gorge is Victoria's deepest gorge. The Little River drops 610 metres from the Wulgulmerang plateau over a distance 14 km to where it joins the Snowy River at a height of 122 metres above sea level.

McKillops Bridge
McKillops Road is the northern park boundary, with the Alpine National Park to the north of the road. The road is not suitable  for caravans, trailers and large trucks because it is steep and winding. At McKillops Bridge the road which crosses the Snowy River near its junction with the Deddick River. A camping site near McKillops Bridge has excellent spots for swimming. It is also a good place to begin canoe and raft trips through the rugged gorges downstream. It is the start for the 18km Silver Mine Walking Track and the short Snowy River Trail.

References

National parks in Australia
Protected areas of Victoria (Australia)
So Cold is a very successful song by alternative metal band, Breaking Benjamin. So Cold came off from their album We Are Not Alone.

Rock songs
2004 songs
Suguru Hino (born 29 July 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tokushima Vortis.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001||rowspan="6"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2003||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2004||0||0||1||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2005||4||0||0||0||3||0||7||0
|-
|2006||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="3"|Gifu||Regional Leagues||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2007||Football League||34||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||37||0
|-
|2008||J. League 2||38||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||40||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Tokushima Vortis||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
76||0||6||0||3||0||85||0
76||0||6||0||3||0||85||0
|}

References
Tokushima Vortis

1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
Grizzly Rage is a Syfy (used to be called The Sci-Fi Channel) television movie.

Plot summary
Four high school friends go to the woods to celebrate their graduation. When they break into a part of the woods that is closed, they hit and kill a grizzly cub with their car. Now the mother of the cub tries to attack and kill the four teenagers.

DVD
The movie is widescreen, has a Dolby Digital English 5.1 stereo track, and has no extras.

Reception
David Johnson, of DVD Verdict, said that there are better ways to spend your time instead of watching this movie.  Paul Mavis, of DVD Talk, said that the movie fulfills none of the requirements of a bear attack exploitationer. A Bloody Disgusting review says that the movie is a pretty silly but satisfying flick.

References

Other websites
 Official Sonar Entertainment Grizzly Rage website
 
 
 

2007 horror movies
Television movies
Movies about bears
2007 movies
Canadian movies
English-language movies
William of Ockham was a Franciscan friar who lived in the 14th century. He was born around 1285, in Ockham, Surrey, England, and died April 9, 1347 in Munich. He was a philosopher and theologian. He is most famous for inventing Occam's razor. He wrote about logic, epistemology, natural philosophy, political philosophy, metaphysics and ethics. 

William of Ockham went to school at the University of Oxford, where he studied theology. After he graduated, he became a teacher of philosophy at the school. However, the Church did not like the ideas he was teaching, and brought him to court on charges of heresy in 1327. Because he was afraid he would be executed, William of Ockham fled the school and spent the rest of his life living with a group of friars who also did not like the large power that the Church had.

1280s births
1347 deaths
Christian theologians
English philosophers
English Roman Catholics
English theologians
Franciscans
Writers from Surrey
The palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus) (also known as the goliath cockatoo) is a black or dark-gray parrot of the cockatoo family. 

In the wild, it eats nuts and palm tree fruit by cracking them open with its strong and curved beak. In captivity, people feed palm cockatoos a variety of fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Palm cockatoos are native to Cape York Peninsula in northern Australia, the Aru Islands, Papua New Guinea, and other surrounding smaller islands. Palm cockatoo are common in these places, but scientists believe they are becoming less common because people are using their habitat for mining. They are intelligent and can be kept as pets.

References 

Cockatoos
Birds of Australia
Birds of Oceania
Sterling Knight (born March 5, 1989) in Houston, Texas. is an American actor, and singer. He is in Sonny With a Chance as Chad Dylan Cooper. He also in plays Christopher Wilde in Starstruck. He will be playing Ty Parker in the upcoming movie Elle: A Modern Cinderella Tale.

Personal life
Sterling Knight was born in Houston, Texas. He has a younger sister, Samantha Scarlett, and a younger brother, Spencer Shuga. He lived in Texas before moving to Los Angeles, California to keep going with his acting career.

Knight had acted in many Houston theater plays like On Golden Pond, Lost in Yonkers, Bye Bye Birdie and Mad Adventures of Mr. Toad..

Filmography

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Disney actors
Actors from Houston, Texas
1989 births
Living people
Robert Kiprono Cheruiyot (born 1988) is a Kenyan marathon runner.  Cheruiyot was the winner of the 2010 Boston Marathon, setting a course record.  He finished fifth in the 2009 Boston Marathon.
He won the 2008 Frankfurt Marathon, setting a course record, and finished second in the 2009 Frankfurt Marathon.

Cheruiyot is not related to countryman and fellow marathon runner Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot, although their similar names are often mentioned in press articles.  Robert Kiprono Cheruiyot broke Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot's course record when he won the Boston Marathon in 2010.

References

Kenyan sportspeople
1988 births
Living people
Competitors in athletics
Bellatrix Lestrange (née Bellatrix Black) is a fictional character of the Harry Potter series and is the sister of Narcissa Malfoy, the wife of Lucius Malfoy, and Draco Malfoy's aunt. Her parents are Cygnus Black III and Druella Black (née Rosier) and the eldest of three sisters: Bellatrix, Andromeda and Narcissa. She is an enthusiastic Death Eater who believes that Lord Voldemort is the supreme and everyone should follow him. She marries Rodolphus Lestrange, but it was Voldemort that she truly loved. In the Harry Potter movies she was played by Helena Bonham Carter. She has been to Azkaban, the wizard prison, but Lord Voldemort helped her and the other Death Eaters in Azkaban escape. She is killed by Molly Weasley at the end of book 7 when she attempts to kill Ginny Weasley with the killing curse Avada Kedavra. But her infamous legacy lived on through her illegitimate daughter, Delphini, who was born due to Bellatrix's relationship with Lord Voldemort.
Her name literally means "female warrior" in Latin, which is a nod to her aggressive behavior. Her surname Lestrange is a French variant of "strange", a perfect description of her strange personality and her maiden name Black is also a telltale about her dark life, as the color itself doesn't absorb light at all.

Harry Potter characters
Fictional characters introduced in 2003