cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Maureen Reillette "Rebbie" Jackson (born May 29, 1950 in Gary, Indiana) is an American singer. She is the eldest of the Jackson siblings.

Life and Career
Maureen was born at 2300 Jackson Street in Gary, Indiana, She began performing on stage in 1974 and later appeared in the television program  "The Jacksons". In 1984 Rebbie released her debut album Centipede, her most successful album. The single "Centipede" reached number 4 in the US R&B chart. It has backing vocals from siblings La Toya and Michael Jackson and The Weather Girls. In 1976 she was in the TV series The Jacksons. It was the first TV show starring an African-American family. She then released two more albums in the 1980s and then went on hiatus, returning in 1998 with Yours Faithfully. She has not had an album released since 1998.

Personal life
She married Nathaniel Brown in 1968. He died in 2013 of cancer. They have three children, Austin, Stacee (who has Jackson's only grandchild, London), and Yashi Brown.

References

African American musicians
Singers from Indiana
1950 births
Living people
Jackson family
People from Gary, Indiana
The Battle of White Mountain in 1620, was the first battle of the Thirty Years War. Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria defeated the forces of Frederick V, Elector of Palantine, King of Bohemia and Moravia.  

The cause of the battle was a revolt by a group of Czech lords who threw two governors and a secretary out of the windows of Prague Castle. This incident is known as the Defenestration of Prague. They quickly built up an army of 30,000 to make an independent Protestant country. The Czechs were defeated by a well trained Imperial army, the battle lasting less than one hour. Emperor Ferdinand II replaced Frederick as King of Bohemia, and then killed many who had opposed him. Others were given a choice, convert to Catholicism or leave the country.

White Mountain is now in the city of Prague. There is an open space and monument.

References

Czechoslovakia
White Mountain
Thirty Years' War
1620
1620s in Europe
Lana Turner (February 8, 1921 - June 29, 1995) was an American actress. She was born in Wallace, Idaho. She was first discovered and signed into movie contract by MGM when she was 16. She played mainly feature roles and was one of Hollywood's first scream queens. She would become very popular in the 1940s and 1950s. Turner appeared in the television series Falcon Crest during 1982 and 1983. The actress died from throat cancer in 1995 in Century City, Los Angeles.

Other websites 

1921 births
1995 deaths
Actors from Idaho
American movie actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from throat cancer
Gansus is a genus of  aquatic birds that lived during the Lower Cretaceous period, between 115 to 105 million years ago (mya). It was found in what is now Gansu province, western China. It is the oldest-known of the Ornithurae, the group which includes modern birds (Neornithes) and extinct related groups, such as Confuciusornis, Ichthyornis and Hesperornis.

Description
The genus Gansus contains a single species, G. yumenensis, which was about the size of a pigeon and similar in appearance to loons and diving ducks.
 It had many features common among modern birds, and also retained some primitive traits such as its clawed wings.

Gansus was discovered in the form of a single fossil foot in 1981. Five more well-preserved fossils were found in 2003–2004 in mudstone at the site of an ancient lake at Changma, Gansu; the geological stratum in which the fossils were found is the Xiagou Formation.  Their bodies had settled in anoxic mud and were soon covered with further extremely fine silty sediments. Without oxygen, their remains resisted decay: these specimens preserved remains of flight feathers and traces of the webbing between their toes.

References 

Cretaceous birds
Gansu
Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, ADC, PC (24 June 1850 – 4 June 1916) was an Irish born British Field Marshal.

Kitchener was Sirdar (British Commander in Chief) of the Egyptian Army. He defeated the Mahdist rebels against Egyptian rule in 1898 and conquered the Sudan for Britain and (nominally) Egypt.

He was Chief of Staff during the Boer War of 1899-1902. From 1899-1900 he was also Commander-in-Chief of the forces in southern Africa. He was given many orders of chivalry, both British and foreign, including Knight of St. Patrick and Knight of the Garter.

At the start of the First World War, the Prime Minister, Asquith, quickly appointed Lord Kitchener Secretary of State for War. A massive recruitment campaign began, featuring his image in a famous advertisement. Kitchener was drowned in 1916 when the HMS Hampshire sunk near the Orkney Islands after hitting a German mine.

References

1850 births
1916 deaths
British Army people
Deaths by drowning
People from the Republic of Ireland
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights of Justice of the Order of St John
Knights of the Garter
Order of Merit
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was the name of the Sudan when it was a colony of the United Kingdom and Egypt. It was officially under the joint rule of both countries, but really the British controlled the government from the beginning. Every Governor was British, and all decisions about the country were made by the British, although many of the administrators of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan were Egyptians. The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was created in 1899 when the Egyptian Army under Herbert Kitchener recaptured the Sudan, which was before an Egyptian colony, from the Madhists, a group of Islamic rebels against Egypt. 

Former countries in Africa
1899 establishments
19th-century establishments in Africa
Neornithes are the most recent common ancestor of all living birds and all their descendants. There are about 9,000 to 10,000 known living species in the world.

Taxonomy
Modern birds are divided into two superorders; the Palaeognathae (tinamous and flightless ratites), and the Neognathae, containing all other birds.

It is generally agreed that the Neornithes evolved in the Cretaceous and that the split between the Palaeognathae and Neognathae, and then the split between fowl and the other Neognathae, occurred before the K/T extinction event. The earliest fossil remains of the Neornithes might be about ten million years after the start of the Cretaceous. Gallornis may be the first fossil, but its remains are only a worn partial femur and a fragment of the humerus.

There are different opinions about whether the radiation of the remaining neognathes occurred before or after the extinction of the other dinosaurs. Molecular dating suggests a Cretaceous radiation, while fossil evidence suggest an early Tertiary radiation. Attempts made to bring together the molecular and fossil evidence have proved controversial.

The classification of modern birds is difficult. Sibley & Ahlquist's Phylogeny and classification of birds (1990) is a landmark work on the classification of birds, though it is often debated and revised. Most evidence suggests that the modern bird orders are accurate taxa. More recently, new fossil and molecular evidence is providing an increasingly clear picture of the evolution of modern bird orders.

References 

Birds
Taxonomy
Pope Benedict XIII (; 2 February 1649 – 21 February 1730), born Pietro Francesco Orsini, later Friar Vincenzo Maria Orsini, O.P., was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 246th Pope from 1724 until his death in 1730.  He was the third and last member of the Orsini family to be a pope.

Early life
He was born in Gravina in Puglia near Naples.  He was the son of Ferdinando III Orsini, Duke of Gravina.

In 1667, Orsini entered the Dominican Order.  As a monk, his name was Vincent Maria.

Cardinal
Pope Clement X raised the monk to the rank of Cardinal of San Sisto on 22 February 1672.

In 1675, he was made Bishop of Manfredonia.

In 1686, he was made Archbishop of Benevento.

Pope
Cardinal Orsini was elected pope on May 28, 1724;  and he chose to be called Benedict XIII.

Pope Benedict was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

In 1727, he ordered construction of the famous Spanish Steps in Rome.

In 1729, the pope helped bring about the Treaty of Seville between Great Britain, France, and Spain.

After his death
Benedict was buried in a tomb in Santa Maria sopra Minerva completed by Pietro Bracci and others.

Related pages 
 List of popes
 List of popes from the Orsini family

References

Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy,   Pope Benedict XIII
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Orsini

Italian popes
1649 births
1730 deaths
Báthory was the name of an aristocratic family in Europe in the Middle Ages. Members included Stephen Báthory, King of Poland, Erzsébet Báthory, a countess and wife of General Francis Nadasdy and alleged serial murderer, and Andreas Bathory, a Roman Catholic bishop and prince.

Hungarian people
Families
Armenia first took part in the Olympic Games in 1994. They have taken part in all summer and winter Olympics since then.

Before Armenia became independent, they competed in the Olympics as a part of the Soviet Union team. After the Soviet Union collapsed, Armenia got their own team.

The Armenian athletes have won twelve medals altogether. They won these medals in wrestling, weightlifting and boxing.

Medallists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Armenia profile at London2012.com

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Armenia
Pope Benedict XIV (; 31 March 1675 – 3 May 1758), born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 248th Pope from 1740 until his death in 1758.

Early life
Lambertini was born in Bologna.

Bishop
In 1725, Lambertini was made Bishop of Theodosia. He became the Bishop of Ancona in 1727.  He was made Bishop of Bologna in 1731.

Cardinal
lambertini was raised to the rank of cardinal in 1728.

Pope
He was elected Pope in 1740; and he chose to be called Benedict XIV.

Benedict confirms the title of King of Prussia, which was taken in 1701 by the Elector of Brandenburg. 

The pope remained neutral in the War of the Spanish Succession.

Benedict ordered the construction of the Fountains of Trevi.

During Benedict's reign, the creation of a Vatican Library catalogue was begun.

Related pages 
 List of popes

References

Other websites

 

  Catholic Hierarchy,  Pope Benedict XIV
 Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Lambertini
Pope Benedict XIV portrait in the Vatican Museum

Italian popes
1675 births
1758 deaths
The Treaty of Northampton signed in 1328 was an agreement between England and Scotland that recognised Scotland as an independent country and Robert the Bruce as its king. Edward I of England and his son Edward II had been fighting wars against Robert the Bruce for more than 20 years. Edward II believed that he was the rightful King of Scotland. In 1327, Edward II was forced from his throne by his wife, Isabella of France and her lover, Roger Mortimer. Edward's young son, Edward III became King of England at the age of 15. Robert the Bruce saw a chance in the confusion in England and immediately sent James Douglas to attack the north of England. The English, scared that they would lose, wanted a peace treaty. The Treaty of Northampton secured peace between the two countries. As part of the treaty, Edward II's six year old daughter, Joan of the Tower was married to Robert's four year old son, David II.

References

History of Scotland
Northampton
1328
14th century in England
Sudan's people liberation army (SPLA) and Sudan's people liberation movement is a political party in South Sudan. It was founded as a resistance movement / rebel group in 1963. As Sudan's people liberation army, it fought against the Sudanese government, in the Sudanese Civil War. This war ended in 2005. Officially, the movement wanted to create a free secular Sudan, which it called "New Sudan". In reality, however, many people in the movement wanted to create an independent state, South Sudan. In 2005, there was a peace treaty. From that moment, until 2011, the SPLM was part of the Sudanese government. Since the independence of South Sudan in 2011, the SPLM is de facto the only party in the country. In the south, the SPLA will become the regular army. In the north, the SPLM is still part of the government. In the provinces South Kordofan and Blue Nile, the SPLA is one of the armies fighting the government. 

Sudan
Political parties in Africa
Nationalist organizations in Africa

en:Sudan People's Liberation Army
Stephen Báthory (27 September 1533 – 12 December 1586) was a Hungarian Prince of Transylvania (1571–1586), then King of Poland (1576–1586) and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576–1586).

1533 births
1586 deaths
Hungarian people
Kings and queens
Kings of Poland
Transylvania
"Girl You Know It's True" is a 1988 song by Milli Vanilli. The song hit #3 in the United Kingdom and #2 in the United States. In 1989, while the duo performed the song during a concert in Connecticut, the record skipped and revealed a case of lip synching. This created controversy and eventually led to the end of Milli Vanilli.

Pop songs
1988 songs
Milli Vanilli songs
Pope Benedict XV (; , 21 November 1854 – 22 January 1922), born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 259th Pope from 1914 until his death in 1922.

His pontificate was largely overshadowed by World War I.

Priest
Della Chiesa was ordained a priest on 21 December 1878.

Bishop
Pope Pius X made della Chiesa Bishop of Bologna in 1907.

Cardinal
On 25 May 1914, Giacomo della Chiesa was created a cardinal.

Pope 
Cardinal Della Chiesa was elected pope in 1914; and he chose to be called Benedict XV.

Joan of Arc was canonized by Benedict.

Benedict made efforts to encourage peace in World War I. He refused to denounce either side. In 1918, Pope Benedict was excluded from the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, despite his entreaties to be made part of the talks.

Benedict XV helped develop a Code of Canon Law.

Benedict XV was the fourth Pope since the Kingdom of Italy took possession of Rome.

The last years of his papacy were concerned with making sure that the Church could still function smoothly in the newly changed borders of Europe.

Death and legacy
Benedict XV fell ill with pneumonia in early January 1922. He died on 22 January 1922.  The Italian Government lowered its flags in his honor; Benedict was the first pope to be honored in this way.

In 2005, Pope Benedict XVI explained why he chose the name Benedict: 
"... I remember Pope Benedict XV, that courageous prophet of peace, who guided the Church through turbulent times of war. In his footsteps I place my ministry in the service of reconciliation and harmony between peoples."

Related pages
 List of popes

References

More reading
 Peters, Walter H. (1959). The Life of Benedict XV.  Milwaukee: Bruce Publishing. OCLC 625633
 Pollard, John F. (1999). The Unknown Pope. London: Geoffrey Chapman. ;  OCLC 60158637

Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy,  Pope Benedict XV
 Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal della Chiesa
  Vatican webpage, Benedict XV,   biography 
  Saint Peter's Basilica, Tomb of Benedict XV

Italian popes
1854 births
1922 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Chak Haryam () is a village, near Islamgarh in the Chakswari tehsil of the Mirpur District in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.

Demography 

According to 1998 census of Pakistan, its population was 973.

History 

Like many villages in the Mirpur region, many of its residents have emigrated to the United Kingdom.

References 

Villages in Pakistan
Swimming is the movement of the body through water using arms and legs. People can swim in the sea, swimming pools, rivers and lakes. People swim for exercise, for fun, and as a sport. There are several styles of swimming, known as "strokes", including: front crawl, breaststroke, freestyle, butterfly, and backstroke.

Swimming works all the muscles simultaneously. It is impact free. It also builds up stamina.

Styles of swimming 
There are several styles in swimming. Some of them are:

 Front crawl: Fastest and most efficient technique; also called freestyle, because swimmers use it in freestyle events.
 Backstroke: Only stroke that is swum on the back with the swimmer looking up; uses the same leg movements (flutter kick) as crawl.
 Breaststroke: One of the easiest and most relaxing strokes; competitive swimmers find it difficult because it uses more energy when swum at a fast pace.
 Butterfly: Powerful and fast; relies on good technique; uses the dolphin kick; the hardest and least popular stroke.

Competitive swimming
The goal of competitive swimming is to improve speed, and to beat other competitors in events. An athlete goes through several stages of training. At the beginning, the body is overloaded with work. The workload becomes less closer to the date of the competition. This final stage is often referred to as "shave and taper"; the swimmer tapering downs his or her workload to be able to perform at their optimal level. At the end of this stage, before competition, the swimmer shaves off all exposed hair and dead skin. Often confused within shaving, swimmers shave to rid the skin of dead skin cells to expose sensitive skin to the water. The effect of shaving is a decrease in drag from hair and an increase in the sensation of "feeling" the water.

Equipment
Sometimes equipment is used when swimming, and can include:

 Fins: rubber or plastic and are worn on the foot.
 Kickboard: keeps the upper body afloat; allows the swimmer to concentrate on kicking correctly
 Pull buoy: foam float that swimmers hold between their thighs to keep the lower body high and flat; helps to learn the arm and upper body movements
Swimming Suits: These are made from a special fabric and used in swimming

Related pages
 Aquatic locomotion deals with animals swimming.

References

Water sports
Swimming
Fitness
"One Step at a Time", released in 2008, became the third single off Jordin Sparks' first album. This song reached #17 on Billboard Hot 100. It hit #3 on the R&B charts in the USA.

Pop songs
2008 songs
John Lester Hubbard Chafee (October 22, 1922 – October 24, 1999) was an American politician. He was an officer in the United States Marine Corps. He was the 66th Governor of Rhode Island. He was the Secretary of the Navy. He was a United States Senator.

Chafee was born on October 22, 1922 in Providence, Rhode Island. He studied at Yale University and at Harvard Law School. Chafee was married to Virginia Coates until his death in 1999. They had six children; one daughter was killed in an racing accident.

Chafee died suddenly on October 24, 1999 from congestive heart failure in his home in Washington, D.C., aged 77. He is buried at Chafee Family Cemetery in Warwick, Rhode Island.

Chafee's son, Lincoln, is a former governor and former senator of Rhode Island.

References

Other websites

 John Chafee at Find A Grave

1922 births
1999 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Episcopalians
Governors of Rhode Island
Harvard University alumni
People from Providence, Rhode Island
People from Warwick, Rhode Island
United States Secretaries of the Navy
United States senators from Rhode Island
Yale University alumni
Dwight Arrington Myers (May 24, 1967 - November 8, 2011), better known by his stage name Heavy D,  was a Jamaican-American rap musician. He was born in Mandeville, Jamaica and raised in Mount Vernon, New York, United States. He began rapping in the late 1980s. His hip hop group, Heavy D and the Boys, were affiliated with East Coast rap music.

He died in Los Angeles, California from a pulmonary embolism as a result of diabetes.

1967 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
Deaths from diabetes
African American actors
African American musicians
Jamaican singers
Singers from New York
Rap musicians from New York
actors from New York
Biological control, or biological pest control, is the reduction of pest populations by using natural enemies. It is important because crop pests become resistant to chemical pesticides.

Natural enemies of insect pests include predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. Biological control agents of weeds include herbivores and plant pathogens. Predators, such as birds, lady beetles and lacewings, are free-living species that eat many prey during their lifetime. 

Parasitoids are species whose larvae develop on or in a single insect host, ultimately killing or fatally infecting the host. Most have a very narrow host range. Many species of wasps and some flies are parasitoids. 

Pathogens are disease-causing organisms including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. They kill or debilitate their host and are relatively specific.

Three strategies 
There are three basic types of biological control strategies; conservation, classical biological control, and augmentation.

Conservation: Avoid using pesticides, which kill the natural enemies of the pests. Encourage the growth of those things which attack the pests. Use companion planting where possible. In China, the mosquito fern has been used for at least a thousand years, as a companion plant for rice crops. It hosts a special cyanobacteria that fixes nitrogen from the atmosphere, and also blocks out light from competing plants (but not the rice, which grows taller).

Classical biological control: This is the introduction of natural enemies to a new area where they did not originate or do not occur naturally. Thereafter, the predator lives as a natural part of the habitat, reproducing and killing the pest species. This method is especially effective when the pest is itself an invasive or introduced species in the area. Free of its natural enemies, the pest multiplies to huge numbers. The introduction from its homeland of an enemy or two can be very successful. One example is the use of Larinus planus to control the Canada thistle.

Augmentation: This is the release of numbers of natural enemies at specific times. These predators are natural parts of the ecosystem, but are released in such numbers as to overwhelm the pest at some critical time. Stocks of the predator are got from commercial suppliers.

An early example 
A Chinese text from 304 AD, Records of the plants and trees of the southern regions, by Hsi Han, describes mandarin oranges protected by large reddish-yellow citrus ants. The ants attack and kill insect pests of the orange trees. The citrus ant (Oecophylla smaragdina) was rediscovered in the 20th century, and now is again used in China to protect orange groves.

References 

Agriculture
Ecology
Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (11 February 1938 – 29 May 2017) was a Panamanian politician and general. 

Noriega went to high school and had a career in the army. He was the de facto ruler of Panama between 12 August 1983 and 20 December 1989. In 1992, a United States court convicted him of drug trafficking, racketeering, and money laundering. Noriega served a prison sentence in the US, which ended in 2007. He was then extradited to France, where he served another sentence.

A conditional release was given to him on September 23, 2011. Noriega was sent to Panama to serve 20 years. He arrived in Panama on December 11, 2011.

Noriega died at a medical center in Panama City on 29 May 2017 from complications of brain surgery at the age of 83.

References

1938 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Drug traffickers
Former dictators
Generals
Heads of state
North American military people
North American politicians
Panamanian people
People convicted of drug offenses
Prisoners
Extradition
The Auld Alliance (Scots) () is
an alliance between the kingdoms of Scotland and France. It played a major role in the relations between Scotland, France and England from its beginning in 1295 until the 1560 Treaty of Edinburgh. The alliance was renewed by all the French and Scottish monarchs of that period except for Louis XI. By the late 14th century, the treaty was renewed even when France or Scotland was not at war with England.

The alliance dates from the treaty signed by John Balliol and Philip IV of France in 1295 against Edward I of England. The treaty said that if either country was attacked by England, the other country would invade England. That happened at the Battle of Flodden Field, 1513. The alliance played an important role in conflicts between both countries and England, such as the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Hundred Years' War, the War of the League of Cambrai and the Rough Wooing.

Legacy 

In a speech which he delivered in Edinburgh in June 1942, Charles de Gaulle described the alliance between Scotland and France as "the oldest alliance in the world":
In every combat where for five centuries the destiny of France was at stake, there were always men of Scotland to fight side by side with men of France, and what Frenchmen feel is that no people have ever been more generous than yours with its friendship.
In 1995, celebrations were held in both countries for the 700th anniversary of the beginning of the alliance.

References

History of Scotland
History of France
13th century in Europe
14th century in Europe
15th century in Europe
16th century in Europe
Berwick-upon-Tweed (historically known as South Berwick) is a border town in the north of England.

Berwick may also refer to:

Places

Australia 
Berwick, Victoria

Canada 
Berwick, Nova Scotia

United Kingdom

England 
Berwick Street Market, London
Berwick, Sussex
Berwick (Sussex) railway station
Berwick St John, Wiltshire

Scotland 
North Berwick, East Lothian, Scotland
Berwick Law, a hill situated to the south of the town
County of Berwick, a historic county in south-east Scotland

United States 
Berwick, Iowa
Berwick, Louisiana
Berwick, Maine, a town
Berwick (CDP), Maine, a census-designated place within the town
Berwick, Pennsylvania
Berwick Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania

People
Andrew Berwick, anglicised pseudonym of Norwegian terrorist Anders Behring Breivik
Baron Berwick, a title
Berwick (cricketer) (first name unknown)
Dennison Berwick (born 1956), author
Donald Berwick (born 1947), American professor of pediatrics and health care policy
Duke of Berwick, a title in the Peerage of England
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick (1670–1734)
Jeff Berwick (born 1970), Canadian businessperson and adventurer
Kester Berwick (1903–1992), Australian actor, playwright, and author
Nicola Berwick, (born in 1978) stunt actress
Stephan Berwick (born 1964), American author, martial artist, and actor
William Edward Hodgson Berwick (1888–1944), English mathematician

Other uses
Berwick (automobile), an electric car produced in 1904
Berwick Academy, a private college preparatory school located in South Berwick, Maine
Berwick cockle, a confectionery from Berwick upon Tweed
Berwick Prize in mathematics, named for William Edward Hodgson Berwick
Berwick Rangers F.C., a football team
HMS Berwick, the name of a number of Royal Navy ships
Aepyornis is an Elephant bird, one of three genera of ratite birds endemic to Madagascar until their extinction about 1000 A.D. The species "A". maximus weighed up to , and until recently was regarded as the largest known bird of all time. However, in 2018 the largest Aepyornis specis, weighing up to , was moved to the related genus Vorombe.

References

Flightless birds
Ratites
Fossils
Megafauna
Jos Luhukay (born 13 June 1963 in Venlo, Netherlands) is a Dutch football coach and former player. He played for different teams in Germany and the Netherlands. After the end of his career he became coach. Since 2016 he is coach of VfB Stuttgart.

1963 births
Living people
Dutch football managers
Dutch footballers
People from Venlo
Sportspeople from Limburg (Netherlands)
KFC Uerdingen 05 managers
Hertha BSC managers
Pope Sixtus V (; 13 December 1520 – 27 August 1590), born Felice Peretti di Montalto, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 228th Pope from 1585 to 1590.

Early life
Felice Peretti was born in December 1520 at Grottammare  in the province of Ascoli Piceno.

Monk
In 1547, Peretti was ordained.

Peretti became a Franciscan; and in 1560, he became Apostolic vicar of his order.

In 1565, Pope Pius IV assigned Peretti to work with Cardinal Buoncompagni (who would become Pope Gregory XIII); but they did not work well together.

Bishop
In 1566 Pope Pius V made Peretti Bishop of Sant' Agata dei Goti in the Kingdom of Naples.

Cardinal
In 1570, Peretti was raised to the rank of cardinal.

After the election of Gregory XIII, Peretti withdrew from public activities.

Pope
Cardinal di Montalto was elected pope in 1585; and he chose the name Sixtus V.

During the reign of Sixtus V, the dome of St Peter's Basilica was completed;. The external dome was covered with lead and the bands were covered with bronze gilt.

A building for the Vatican Library was constructed.

The investment in public works included the loggia of Sixtus in the Basilica of St. John Lateran; the chapel of the Praesepe in Santa Maria Maggiore; additions and repairs to the Quirinal Palace, Lateran Palace and Vatican Palace; the erection of four obelisks (including the one in the Piazza of St Peter's; the opening of six streets; and the restoration of the aqueduct of Severus (Acqua Felice).

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy, Sixtus V
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Peretti Montalto

Italian popes
1520 births
1590 deaths
Franciscans
Lacewings, or 'Green lacewings', are insects in the large family Chrysopidae of the order Neuroptera. There are about 85 genera and (differing between sources) 1,300–2,000 species in this widespread group. However, in America and Europe, the two genera Chrysopa and Chrysoperla are very common.

Most species of lacewings and their larvae are active predators, and are often used for biological control. 

Many adults of Chrysopa can defend themselves by giving out a vile smell from glands at the front of their thorax.

They have 'ears' at the base of their front wings. When they hear bat echolocation sounds, they close their wings and drop down. They can escape spider webs, because, being so light, they  do not create much vibration to alert the spider. Instead of struggling like most insects, the lacewing bites through the strands holding its legs and antennae. When it is stuck only by its wings, it become completely immobile. Slowly, the lacewing slides downwards out of the web. Tiny hairs on the wings prevent the sticky spider silk from touching the wings' surface. 

The larvae are voracious, attacking other insects of suitable size, especially soft-bodied ones (aphids, caterpillars and other insect larvae, insect eggs). When they touch a potential prey object, the larva grasps it. Their maxillae are hollow, and inject a digestive secretion into the prey. The organs of an aphid can be dissolved by this in 90 seconds.

References 

Neuroptera
Dame Emma Thompson  (born 15 April 1959) is a British screenwriter, actress and comedian. She was born in Paddington, London, the elder daughter of Eric Thompson and Phyllida Law. She was raised in West Hampstead. Her sister is Sophie Thompson.  

Thompson has a Master of Arts degree from Newnham College, Cambridge.

She has won many Academy Awards for her acting. Her many movies include the Harry Potter franchise and the Nancy McPhee series. She has also won many BAFTA Awards.

Thompson was married to Kenneth Branagh from 1989 until they divorced in 1995. She has been married to Greg Wise since 2003.

References

Other websites

1959 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Academy Award winning writers
Actors from London
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
BAFTA Award winning actors
British screenwriters
British television writers
Emmy Award winning actors
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning writers
People from Hampstead
Screenwriters from London
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
"What's Love Got to Do with It" is the second single released in May 1984. It is from Tina Turner's album, Private Dancer. The song is a pop rock and soul song written by Graham Lyle and Terry Britten.  Britten produced the song.

It became Turner's most successful song. It reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US, in Australia, and  the top five in New Zealand, Austria, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The title of this song was used for a 1993 biographical movie that was distributed by TriStar Pictures.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Decade-end charts

All-time charts

References

1984 songs
Grammy Award winning songs
Little Children is a 2006 drama movie based on the novel of the same name. Actress Kate Winslet plays a reluctant housewife and mother from Boston in the film.

Cast
 Kate Winslet as Sarah Pierce
 Patrick Wilson as Brad Adamson
 Jennifer Connelly as Katherine "Kathy" Adamson
 Jackie Earle Haley as Ronald "Ronnie" James McGorvey
 Noah Emmerich as Larry Hedges
 Phyllis Somerville as May McGorvey
 Gregg Edelman as Richard Pierce
 Ty Simpkins as Aaron Adamson
 Sadie Goldstein as Lucy Pierce
 Jane Adams as Sheila
 Raymond J. Barry as Bullhorn Bob
 Trini Alvarado as Theresa
 Marsha Dietlein as Cheryl
 Mary B. McCann as Mary Ann
 Rebecca Schull as Laurel
 Chadwick Brown as Tony Correnti
 Adam Mucci as Richie Murphy
 Chance Kelly as Pete Olaffson
 Lola Pashalinski as Bridget
 Hunter Reid as Christian
 Sarah Buxton as Slutty Kay
 Will Lyman (uncredited) as Narrator
 Thomas Greaney as Troy

Reception
Reviews of Little Children were mostly positive.  The movie got an 80% rating from the Rotten Tomatoes.

Top ten lists
Little Children was listed on many critics' top ten lists.

 1st – Kevin Crust, Los Angeles Times
 2nd – Mick LaSalle, San Francisco Chronicle
 3rd – Michael Phillips, Chicago Tribune
 3rd – Dennis Harvey, Variety
 4th – James Berardinelli, Reelviews
 4th – J.R. Jones, Chicago Reader
 5th – Peter Hartlaub, San Francisco Chronicle
 6th – Frank Scheck, The Hollywood Reporter
 8th – Shawn Levy, Portland Oregonian
 9th – A.O. Scott, New York Times
 10th – William Arnold, Seattle Post-Intelligencer
 10th – Richard Schickel, Time
 Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Carina Chocano, Los Angeles Times
 Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Ruthe Stein, San Francisco Chronicle
 Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Steven Rea, Philadelphia Inquirer
 Best of 2006 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – David Denby, The New Yorker

Accolades

References

2006 drama movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
English-language movies
American independent movies
Pierre Gamarra (Toulouse, July 10, 1919 – Argenteuil, May 20, 2009) was a French writer. He was a poet and novelist. He is famous for his poems and novels for the children. Pierre Gamarra also worked for a literary magazine, Europe.

Life
Gamarra was born in Toulouse in 1919. From 1938 to 1940, he was a teacher in the south of France. He became a journalist in 1944.

In 1948, he received an international prize for his novel The Fiery House.

In 1951, he began working for the literary magazine Europe.

Gamarra died in 2009 in Argenteuil, near Paris, at age 89.

Books 
Most of Gamarra's novels are set in the southwest of France. That is the region where is was born.

Gamarra's books are not yet translated into English. His poems are well known by French schoolchildren. Examples are My Schoolbag () or The Cosmonaut and his host ().

Sources
 Interview with Pierre Gamarra: Tohoku University Faculty of Letters Bulletin, 27 (Year 2006), Sendai, Japan
 Encyclopedia Britannica: "Children's literature"
 Encyclopedia Universalis: "Pierre Gamarra"

1919 births
2009 deaths
Children's writers
French novelists
French poets
People from Toulouse
António Egas Moniz (António Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz, 29 November 1874 – 13 December 1955), known as Egas Moniz, was a Portuguese neurologist.

He developed cerebral angiography, a technique to visualise the blood vessels in and around the brain. This technique is widely used today. He also developed the surgical procedure leucotomy, also known as lobotomy. This technique is now rarely used.

Antonio Egas is highly regarded. He became the first Portuguese national to receive a Nobel Prize when, in 1949, he shared it with Walter Rudolf Hess.

He held academic positions, wrote many medical articles and also served in several legislative and diplomatic posts in the Portuguese government. In 1911 he became professor of neurology in Lisbon until his retirement in 1944. At the same time, he pursued a demanding political career.

References 

1874 births
1955 deaths
Portuguese scientists
Physicians
Neurologists
Puddle of Mudd is an American rock band from Kansas City, Missouri. Puddle of Mudd has five members in the band; the current band members are Wes Scantlin, Paul Phillips, Doug Ardito, Shannon Boone and Dizzi Devereux.

Band members 

Current
Wes Scantlin – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1992-1999, 2000–present)
Doug Ardito – bass guitar, backing vocals (2000–2010, 2011–present)
Paul Phillips – lead guitar (2000–2005), (2009–present)
Dizzi Devereux – guitar (2011–present)
Shannon Boone – drums (2011–present)

Former
Ryan Yerdon – drums (2005–2011)
Damien Starkey – bass guitar, backing vocals (2010)
Christian Stone – lead guitar, backing vocals (2006–2009)
Jimmy Allen – lead guitar (2005–2006)
Greg Upchurch – drums (2000–2005; 2011 [studio only])
Sean Sammon - bass (1992–2000)
Kenny Burkitt - drums (1992–2000)

Discography

Studio albums
Come Clean (2001)
Life on Display (2003)
Famous (2007)
Volume 4: Songs in the Key of Love & Hate (2009)

EPs
Stuck (1994)

Compilation albums
Icon (2010)

References

Other websites 
Official website

American hard rock bands
Grunge bands
Post-grunge bands
Musical groups from Missouri
Pope Julius III (; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 222nd Pope from February 1550 until his death in 1555.

Early life
Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte was born in Rome in 1487.  

Ciocchi del Monte studied law at the University of Perugia and the University of Siena.

Bishop
In 1512, Ciocchi del Monte became Archbishop of Siponto (Manfredonia) in Apulia.

Inm 1520, he was made Bishop of Pavia.

Cardinal
Pope Paul III made Ciocchi del Monte a Cardinal in 1536.  He became Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina in 1543. 

He participated in the Council of Trent.

Pope
Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte was elected pope on 7 February 1550.

Pope Julius was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

Pope Julius re-opened the Council of Trent.

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Bibliography
  
  

 Bayle, Pierre. "Jules III." Dictionnaire historique et critique. Vol. 15. Paris: Desoer, 1820.
 Burkle-Young, Francis A., and Michael Leopoldo Doerrer. The Life of Cardinal Innocenzo del Monte: A Scandal in Scarlet. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen, 1997.
 Dall'Orto, Giovanni. "Julius III." Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History from Antiquity to World War II. Robert Aldrich and Garry Wotherspoon, eds. London: Routledge, 2001. 234-35.
 Kelly, J. N. D. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Other websites

  Catholic Hierarchy, Julius III
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte

People from Rome
Italian popes
1487 births
1555 deaths
Pope Celestine IV (; died 10 November 1241 in Rome), born Goffredo Castiglione, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 180th Pope for two weeks from October 25, 1241 to November 10, 1241.

Early life
Goffredo Castiglione was born in Milan, but the date of birth is unknown.

Castiglione became a Cistercian monk.

Cardinal
Pope Gregory IX made Castiglione a cardinal on September 18, 1227. 

In 1238, he was made Bishop of Sabina.

Pope
Cardinal Castiglione was elected on October 25, 1241; and he chose to be called Pope Celestine IV.  His reign lasted only seventeen days.

After his death
He died on November 10, 1241; and he was buried in St Peter's. The exact location of his tomb has been lost.

Related pages
 List of popes
List of popes by length of reign

References

Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy,  Pope in sequence
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Castiglione

Italian popes
12th-century births
Celestine IV
Natalie Wood (July 20, 1938 – November 29, 1981) was an American actress.

Early life
Natalie Wood's parents were Russian immigrants Nikolai Stepanovich Zakharenko and Maria Stepanovna. Her parents moved to Santa Rosa, California. The family moved to Los Angeles. Wood began a career there. Her younger sister, Svetlana Zacharenko also became an actress using the stage name Lana Wood.

Career
In the 1950s, Wood became a teen idol. When she shot the movie Rebel Without a Cause with James Dean, she was 16 years old. She got an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress for the role as Judy in this movie. She got a Golden Globe Award nomination in the category New Star Of The Year – Actress.

Her most successful role was as "Maria" in the movie West Side Story in 1961.

Personal life
Wood was married to Robert Wagner from 1957 to 1962. She was married to Richard Gregson for a short time. They had a daughter, Natasha Gregson Wagner. In 1972, Wood and Wagner married again.

Death
In 1981, Wood worked on the movie Brainstorm with Christopher Walken. During a boat trip with Walken and her husband Robert Wagner, she drowned near Santa Catalina Island, California. She is buried in Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery.

Other websites 

Accidental deaths by drowning in the United States
Actors from San Francisco
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1938 births
1981 deaths
The Wyandot people (also called Wendats or Huron) are a tribe of Native Americans. Samuel de Champlain traded fur with them. In the 17th and 18th centuries they were allies of New France, and enemies of the Iroquois and New Netherland and New York.

The Wyandots signed the Treaty of Detroit on November 17 in the year 1807. They signed it with other Native Americans from three other tribes called the Odawa, Ojibwe and Potawatomi. The tribes gave up areas of Michigan and Ohio to the United States to own.

References

Native American
Occupy movement are an international protest group which are directed against social or economic inequality. The movement model itself after the New York City based movement network Occupy Wall Street. These protests were ongoing all across the world in 2011.

Protests in the 2010s
2011
Political movements
Ball Arena is a sports arena in Denver, Colorado. The arena opened on October 1, 1999, and is the current home to the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL), the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the Colorado Mammoth of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). Ball Corporation currently has naming rights for the arena. The arena currently seats 19,155 for basketball and 18,007 for hockey and lacrosse.

The arena had opened as Pepsi Center after PepsiCo bought the naming rights. The rights contract expired in 2020, and a new deal was signed with Ball Corporation, a company based in nearby Broomfield that makes packaging and aerospace products.

References

Other websites
Official website

Sports buildings in the United States
Sports in Denver, Colorado
Buildings and structures in Colorado
1999 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Colorado
Colorado Avalanche
FLA Live Arena is a sports arena in Sunrise, Florida. It opened on October 3, 1998. It is the current home to the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL). 

The arena was also known as the Broward County Civic Arena in 1998, the National Car Rental Center from 1998 to 2002, Office Depot Center from 2002 to 2005, BankAtlantic Center from 2005 to 2012, and BB&T Center from 2012 to 2021.

The most recent name change was in September 2021, when the naming rights contract between the arena and the financial services company BB&T ran out. By that time, BB&T had merged with SunTrust Banks to form Truist Financial Corporation. The merged company decided to not renew the naming rights agreement, and the arena now has the temporary name of FLA Live Arena until a new rights partner is found.

The arena currently seats 20,737 for basketball and 17,040 for hockey. The arena was also home to the Florida Pit Bulls of the ABA from 2005 to 2006 and the Florida Bobcats of the AFL from 1999 to 2001.

References

Other websites
Official website

Sports buildings in Florida
Buildings and structures in Miami, Florida
1998 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Florida
Florida Panthers
Da Nang International Airport is an airport in Da Nang, Central Vietnam. It is the third biggest airport in Vietnam. The French government built the airport in 1930s. During the Vietnam War, the airport was upgraded. It has two terminals (old and new ones) and two runways. There are international air routes to some Asian countries like China, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan and South Korea.

Airports in Vietnam
1930s establishments in Asia
20th century establishments in Vietnam
WSG Wattens is an Austrian football club from Wattens, a town in the state of Tyrol. They play in the Austrian Bundesliga, the top league of Austrian football.

History
The club was founded in 1930 and played under different names.
SC Wattens (1930-53)
 SV Wattens (1953-71)
 WSG Wattens (1984-2019)
 WSG Swarowski Tirol (2019-2021)
 WSG Tirol (2021- )

Between 1971 and 1984  the club was united with  FC Wacker Innsbruck to form SSW Innsbruck. This team was very successful. They reached the championship five times. From 1984 onwards they played in the Austrian Regional League West and the second tier First League. 2002 they merged with FC Wacker Tirol, so this new founded club was able to play in the Regionalliga. After the promotion the merger was dissolved. In the 2010/11 season they reached the second place and played two relegation matches versus Blau-Weiß Linz, the champion of the Regionalliga Mitte. They lost in the penalty shooting and Linz was promoted to the First League.

In 2019 they were promoted to the Bundesliga. After promotion they changed the name to WSG Swarowski Tirol. In 2021 Swarovski ended its sponsorship and the name was removed from the club's name so they play under the name WSG Tirol.

Current squad

Coaching staff
 Thomas Silberberger Headcoach
 Martin Svejnoha Assistant coach
 Manuel Ludwiger Assistant coach
 Hermann Steinlechner Goalkeeper coach
 Simon Beccari Goalkeeper coach

Honours

 Austrian Second Division (West):
 Winners (1): 1968

 Austrian Third Division (West):
 Winners (4): 1989, 1995, 1999, 2003

References

Austrian football clubs
Football clubs of Tyrol
Hurricane Lili was the strongest hurricane during the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season in terms of winds. However, Hurricane Isidore was actually stronger in terms of barometric pressure. Lili had winds of 145 miles an hour at her peak. Thirteen people were killed because of this hurricane over the Caribbean islands. The storm hit Louisiana as a Category One hurricane with winds between 90 and 100 miles an hour. There were no direct deaths in the United States, though two indirect deaths did happen due to Lili. Property damage totaled between $750 million and $1.5 billion, making Lili the costliest of the season. The name Lili was later retired and replaced by Laura.

Hurricanes in the United States
2002 Atlantic hurricane season
2002 in the United States
2000s in Louisiana
Hurricanes in Louisiana