cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A Flight Information Display System (FIDS) is a computer system in airports. It tells passengers about arrivals and departures as they happen. The computer system controls mechanical or electronic displays or TV screens.

In large airports, there is a FIDS for each terminal. Some airports use a separate FIDS for each major airline. FID systems help passengers during air travel and people who want to pick-up passengers after the flight.

Each line on an FIDS shows a different flight number and:
 the airline name/logo and/or its IATA or ICAO name
 the city where the aircraft first came from or is going to. It may also show other cities the aircraft is traveling to (or from)
 when the aircraft should take-off or land. This time can change to show if a plane is late
 the gate number
 the check-in counter numbers or the name of the airline in charge of the check-in
 the status of the flight, such as "Landed", "Delayed", or "Boarding"
 if the flight is an arrival or departure

Because of code sharing, a single flight may be shown with many different flight numbers. For example, a flight may use the flight numbers  LH474 and AC9099) even though there is just one aircraft doing both flights. Lines may be sorted by time, airline name, or city.

Display technology
Airports
The flash point of a volatile substance is the lowest temperature at which it can become vapor, mix with air, and burn.

The flash point describes liquid fuel. It helps to tell about the danger of fire from liquids. “Flash point” can describe both flammable liquids and combustible liquids.

Measurement
Several national and international committees and organizations decide how everyone should measure the flash point. The three main groups that decide this standard for measurement are the CEN / ISO Joint Working Group on Flash Point (JWG-FP), ASTM D02.8B Flammability Section, and the Energy Institute's TMS SC-B-4 Flammability Panel.

The standard for testing the temperature of the flash point tells the equipment, units of measure, the steps to follow, and the precision of the test method.

Chemistry
Fire
The series of Open Season movies from Sony Pictures Animation includes four films: Open Season (2006), Open Season 2 (2008), Open Season 3 (2010), Open Season: Scared Silly (2015), as well as a short movie called Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run (2006). A video game based on the first movie was released on many platforms.

Movie series

Open Season (2006)

A 900-pound grizzly bear named Boog living in the town of Timberline (Martin Lawrence) meets Elliot (Ashton Kutcher), a one-horned mule deer. They end up stranded together in the woods during hunting season and they have to beat the hunters with the help of all the other animals. In the end, Boog decides to stay in the forest and says goodbye to his owner Ranger Beth (Debra Messing).

Open Season 2 (2008)

Elliot (Joel McHale) falls in love with Giselle (Jane Krakowski). However, his friend Mr. Weenie (Cody Cameron) is kidnapped by a group of pampered pets determined to return him to his owners. Elliot (who leads the way), Boog (Mike Epps) (who also leads the way), Giselle, McSquizzy (Billy Connolly), Buddy (Maddie Taylor), and Serge (Danny Mann) and Deni (Maddie Taylor) go on a long journey to rescue Weenie. However, the pets, lead by a poodle named Fifi (Crispin Glover), insist on fighting for Weenie. In the end, Mr. Weenie decides to go back to his owners and leave the wild.

Open Season 3 (2010)

Boog (Matthew J. Munn) thinks that Elliot (Maddie Taylor) has not been as close a friend since he started a family with kids of his own. In search for real friends, Boog stumbles upon a circus in Russia where he meets a talented female bear named Ursa (Melissa Sturm) (whom he falls madly in love with) and a clever bear who looks like him, named Doug (Matthew J. Munn). Boog switches places with Doug while so Doug can escape. When Elliot, Mr. Weenie, and the pets and other wild animals realize Boog is missing, they all get together and set up a plan to get Boog back. In the end, Ursa decides to live with Boog and his friends.

Open Season: Scared Silly (2015)

When an unknown creature gets mistaken for a werewolf, former hunter Shaw (Trevor Devall) reopens open season. With the animals of Timberline National Forest being at risk, Boog (Donny Lucas), Elliot (Will Townsend), and Mr. Weenie (Will Townsend) set out to uncover the mystery of the werewolf, and get open season closed.

Short film

Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run (2007)

A short movie, Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run, was released in 2007 and is featured on the Open Season DVD and Blu-ray.

Releases

Box office performance

Critical reception

Cast and characters

 Note: A dark gray cell indicates that the character does not appear in the film.

Video game
 Open Season is a video game loosely based on the original movie, and it was released by Ubisoft in September 18, 2006, on PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Microsoft Windows, Game Boy Advance, Xbox 360, Xbox, Nintendo DS, and Nintendo GameCube. A Wii version was released on November 30, 2006.

References

American family movies
American comedy movies
American animated movies
Series of movies
Movies about animals
Vladimir Vasilievich Stasov (born 14 January [O.S. 2 January] 1824, Saint Petersburg; died 23 October [O.S. 10 October] 1906, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian art and music critic.  He wrote a lot about art and music in journals, newspapers and in letters to the press. He lived at a time when classical music and other forms of culture were quite new in Russia.  Russian artists were imitating European art, but Stasov encouraged them to create a culture which was typically Russian, showing its own nationalism.  People saw him as the champion of the new Russian school in all the Russian arts.  He knew most of the great Russian writers, artists and composers of his day, and he wrote many letters including letters to the press in which he stated his views very forcefully.

His life

Stasov’s father was an architect.  Stasov graduated from the School of Jurisprudence in 1843.  In 1847 he began his career as a music critic.  He gave a lot of support to Glinka who was trying to compose music that reflected Russian nationalism.  In 1856 a group of five composers often got together to discuss ideas about music.  Stasov called this group Moguchaya kuchka (“The Mighty Handful”).  The oldest one of the group was Balakirev who was like a leader and teacher to the others.  The other four were Mussorgsky, Cui, Borodin and Rimsky Korsakov.  They had ideas about music which were very different from those of Anton Rubinstein, the composer who had founded the Petersburg Conservatory.  Rubinstein thought that Russian composers such as Glinka were all amateurs and that music should be taught like it was in Germany.  Stasov and Balakirev were very angry about his views.  They started a Free Music School as a rival to the Conservatory.  They wanted music to reflect Russian folk singing, dancing and the tolling of Russian church bells.

Stasov gave a lot of encouragement to Russian composers and suggested ideas for compositions to them.  It is thanks to his suggestions that many great Russian operas were composed: Borodin’s Prince Igor, Mussorgsky’s Boris Godunov, Rimsky-Korsakov’s The Tale of Tsar Saltan, Sadko and The Maid of Pskov and Tchaikovsky's The Tempest and Manfred.  Stasov wrote biographies of the composers Glinka, Dargomïzhsky, Musorgsky and Borodin.

Stasov wrote in an interesting way that made the reader become enthusiasic about the subject.  He talked a lot about ‘nationalism’ and ‘realism’.  ‘Nationalism’ meant that it should reflect the daily lives of the Russian people. He encouraged painters such as Repin, Kramskoi, Vasnetsov and Antokolsky to paint the lives of the Russian people instead of classical or biblical subjects that were popular with European artists. He became a member of the Imperial Academy of Arts in 1859 and stayed there, even when he was offered better jobs, because he felt that the Academy gave him freedom to express his thoughts.  He was made honorary fellow of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1900, together with the great novelist Leo Tolstoy.

Footnotes 

1824 births
1906 deaths
Russian people
Art critics
Music critics
The  (JSPS), also known as Gakushin, is an independent administrative institution in Japan.

JSPS exists to contribute to the advancement of all fields of the natural and social sciences and the humanities.

History
The Society was created in 1932.  An endowment given by Emperor Shōwa helped establish Gakushin.

Popular interest in the history of science led to the establishment of JSPS

Gakushin evolved in a context of other societies and groups such as the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Research Institute for Chemistry and Physics.

The Japanese government has always supported the society.

In 1967, JSPS became a semi-governmental organization.  The Society was reorganized as an independent administrative institution in 2003.

Mission
JSPS has many scientific and academic programs. Its mission is
 To foster young researchers
 To promote international scientific cooperation
 To award grants for scientific research
 To support scientific cooperation between the academic community and industry
 To collect and distribute information on scientific research

Publications
JSPS publications include:
 Gakujutsu Geppo (Japanese Scientific Monthly).
 Scientific books.

Related pages
 List of Independent Administrative Institutes in Japan
 List of National Laboratories (Japan)

References

Other websites
 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science website , 
 Hideo Noguchi Africa Prize 

Independent Administrative Institutions of Japan
Scientific organizations
An inversion is a chromosome rearrangement out of mutation. In chromosome inversion, a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end. An inversion is when the chromosome breaks at two points in a chromosome (or at the end) and does a 180 degree flip. The genes inside the inversion are in the reverse of the original order.

Consequences 
What matters is whether the inversion interferes with crossing-over during meiosis. Meiosis is the type of cell division which produces sex cells (gametes).

Both chromosomes the same 
If both chromosomes of a pair have the same inversion, and there is no extra or missing genes, then there is no problem with meiosis.

Inversion on one chromosome only  
When the homologous chromosomes pair in prophase I of meiosis, the genes on the chromosomes pair up. The only way this can happen after an inversion is if the homologous pairs form a loop. If a cross-over occurs within this inversion loop, it can lead to loss or gain of DNA. For this reason, people with inversions in their germ cells often have lower fertility. This is because the gametes are damaged.

Families that are carriers of inversions may be offered genetic counselling and testing.

References 

Chromosomes
The  is a nuclear power plant in the towns of Naraha and Tomioka in the Futaba District of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. The Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) runs the plant. There are four nuclear reactors at the plant. All four of them automatically shut down after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The plant is sometimes called Fukushima II Nuclear Power Plant because "Daini" means "Number 2" in Japanese.

The plant uses boiling water reactors. Toshiba built reactors 1 and 3. Hitachi built reactors 2 and 4.

All reactors at the plant reached cold shutdown by March 15, 2011. In June 2011, 7,000 tons of seawater from the tsunami were still in the plant.  TEPCO planned to put it all back into the ocean. But, about 3,000 tons of the water had radioactive chemicals in it.  Japan's Fisheries Agency did not let TEPCO release the water back into the ocean. Japan's Prime Minister said the nuclear emergency at the Fukushima Daini plant was over on December 26, 2011.

References

Buildings and structures in Japan
Nuclear power plants
1982 establishments in Japan
2011 disestablishments
List of National Laboratories (Japan) includes scientific research centers in Japan. These independent administrative institutions are supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).  The semi-governmental laboratories include

 Central Customs Laboratory
 Geographical Survey Institute of Japan (Geography & Crustal Dynamics Research Center)
 International Medical Center of Japan
 Japan Meteorological Agency, JMA
 National Cancer Center
 National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute.
 National Center for Child Health and Development
 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP)
 National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
 National Institute for Longevity Sciences, NCGG
 National Institute for Minamata Disease (NIMD)
 National Institute of Health Sciences
 National Institute of Infectious Diseases
 National Institute of Population and Social Security Research
 National Institute of Public Health
 National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster
 National Research Institute of Police Science
 Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
 Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities

Related pages
 List of Independent Administrative Institutes in Japan

References

Independent Administrative Institutions of Japan
Japan-related lists
Ted Lilly (born 4 January 1976, in Torrance, California) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He played for the Montreal Expos, New York Yankees, Oakland Athletics, Toronto Blue Jays, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers. He retired after the 2013 season.

1976 births
Living people
Chicago Cubs players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Montreal Expos players
New York Yankees players
Oakland Athletics players
Toronto Blue Jays players
American League All-Stars
National League All-Stars
People from Torrance, California
Elena Jane "Ellie" Goulding (born 30 December 1986) is a British singer-songwriter. She was born in Hereford and raised in Herefordshire, England. Her debut studio album was Lights in 2010.

Goulding studied drama, politics, and English at the University of Kent.

In 2010, she became the second artist to both top the BBC's yearly Sound of... poll and win the Critics' Choice Award at the Brit Awards in the same year. The first was Adele in 2008.

Goulding released her first studio album, Lights, in 2010. The album started at number one on the UK Albums Chart. It has sold over 850,000 copies in the UK.  The album's title track was released as a single and rose to number 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100.  The song was later ranked as the number-five song of 2012 in the United States.

She performed her cover of Elton John's "Your Song" at the wedding reception of Prince William and Kate Middleton at Buckingham Palace. On 6 August 2011, Goulding performed at Lollapalooza in Chicago. Goulding performed at the yearly Nobel Peace Prize Concert on 11 December 2011 in Oslo, Norway. She also was on a panel discussion with Amy Lee of Evanescence and Janelle Monáe. On 1 December 2011, Goulding performed at the White House during the National Christmas Tree lighting ceremony.

She will make her film debut in John Grisham's adaptation of The Testament with Nicole Appleton.

Her 2012 album, Halcyon, debuted at number 9 on the US Billboard 200 album chart.  Its lead single, "Anything Could Happen", reached number five in the UK, while it made the top 50 in the US.  The album was re-released as Halcyon Days in 2013 and provided the single, "Burn", which reached number one in the UK and the top twenty in the US.

In 2015, her song "Love Me like You Do" was released from the soundtrack for the movie Fifty Shades of Grey, based on the novel by E. L. James.  The song reached the top three in the US and reached number one in the United Kingdom.  She released her third studio album, Delirium, in November of that year. It included the singles "On My Mind", "Love Me like You Do", and a collaboration with Scottish DJ Calvin Harris, "Outside".

Goulding recorded a single in 2016, "Still Falling for You", for the movie Bridget Jones's Baby.  She also released a collaboration with rapper Swae Lee and DJ Diplo, "Close to Me".

Discography

 Lights (2010)
 Halcyon (2012)
Delirium (2015)

References

Other websites 

1986 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Kent
 
English pop singers
English singer-songwriters
People from Hereford
Yifan Hou  (born 27 February 1994, in Xinghua, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China) is a female Chinese chess prodigy. She was the Women's World Chess Champion 20102012. She was the youngest ever to win the title, and the youngest female player ever to qualify for the title of Grandmaster.

At the age of 12, Hou became the youngest player ever to take part in the Women's World Championship and the Chess Olympiad (Turin 2006). In June 2007, she became China's youngest National Women's Champion ever. In 2010, she became the youngest World Chess Champion in chess history (men's or women's) by winning the Women's World Chess Championship 2010 in Hatay, Turkey, at the age of 16. She then defended her title by defeating Indian Koneru Humpy in the Women's World Chess Championship 2011.

In the most recent (January 2012) FIDE rating list, Hou is ranked as the #1 girl player in the world, the #2 female player, the #10 junior player, and the #3 player aged 17 or under. She is only the third female chess player to achieve a FIDE chess rating of over 2600. In January 2011, Hou was recognised as the best Sportsperson of the Year in China involved in a non-Olympic event.

In January 2012 Yifan broke through to the highest level in chess. She came joint first in the very strong Gibraltar chess tournament, an event with many grandmasters. She tied with Nigel Short on 8/10 points ahead of top players like Michael Adams and Shakhriyar Mamedyarov. To divide the prize money, a two game rapidplay match was won by Short 1½–½.

Significantly, she beat Judit Polgar and finished well above her. This was the first time Polgar has lost to a woman since 1992. Then, aged 16, she lost to her eldest sister, Susan Polgar, who was at that time a stronger player. Yifan also beat Alexei Shirov, Zoltan Almasi and Le Quang Liem, and drew with Adams and Mamedyarov for a tournament performance rating of 2872. This means she is the second highest rated female in the history of the game, and is closing in on Polgar's record grading. There has been talk of a match between Polgar and Hou. Polgar has never competed in events limited to women, but the prospects of such a match is "interesting". Polgar, born 23 July 1976, is still an extremely strong player.

References 

1994 births
Living people
Chinese chess players
Chess grandmasters
Yi Gi (, hanja:, October 26, 1476 – April 28, 1552) was a Neo-Confucian scholar, politician, and writer of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. His other name was Gyungjae (경재, 敬齋), and his Chinese style name was Munjung (문중, 文仲). He came from the Deoksu Lee clan (Hangul: 덕수이씨, Hanja: 德水李氏).

nephew of Seong Dam su (성담수) and Seong Dam-nyun (성담년). One of the members of Saengyukshin (생육신), and first cousin once removed of Seong Sam-mun (성삼문). He was one of the members of Sayukshin. He was grand uncle of Yulgok Yi I (율곡 이이). Prime minister of Joseon Dynastys 1549 to 1551.

Other websites 
 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=125504
 http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=541493

1476 births
1552 deaths
Korean educators
South Korean politicians
Autobiographers
Kim Seok-ju(김석주, 金錫冑, 1634 – September 20 1684) was a Confucian scholar, writer and politician of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. He is the elder cousin of Queen Myungsung and paternal first cousin once removed of 19th king Sukjong. His penname was Shigam(식암, 息庵) and Chinese style name was Sabaik(사백, 斯百).

Book 
 'Shikamjip'(식암집, 息庵集)
 'Beolgo'(별고)
 'Haedongsabu'(해동사부, 海東辭賦)
 'Shikamyugo'(식암유고, 息菴遺稿)
 'Hanggunsooji'(행군수지, 行軍須知)
 'Gomunbaiksun'(고문백선, 古文白選)
 'Hangoojasu'(한구자수, 韓構字藪)
 Chunsojhajipseomun(춘소자집 서문, 春沼子集 序文)

Related pages 
 Kim Yuk
 Kim Ikhun
 Song Siyeol
 Song Jun-gil

References

Cite web 

 http://100.daum.net/encyclopedia/view.do?docid=b03g1658b 
 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=31181
 http://koreandb.nate.com/history/people/detail?sn=9901

1634 births
1684 deaths
Korean educators
South Korean politicians
Autobiographers
Master Po Ping (more commonly known simply as Po) is a fictional character and the main character of the Kung Fu Panda franchise. He is a 20-30 years old giant panda who was improbably chosen as the "Dragon Warrior", the kung fu champion of the Valley of Peace in the first movie.

Po is the adoptive son of Mr. Ping, the Warrior of Black-and-White (as revealed in Kung Fu Panda 2). Po is one of Master Shifu's students. In Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness, Po is revealed to have the ability to be able to learn kung fu at a glance.

References

Animated characters
Fictional bears
Fictional characters introduced in 2008
Kung Fu Panda
The Kung Fu Panda franchise from DreamWorks Animation, consists of three movies: Kung Fu Panda (2008), Kung Fu Panda 2 (2011) and Kung Fu Panda 3 (2016). Two Annie Award-winning shorts, Secrets of the Furious Five (2008) and Kung Fu Panda Holiday (2010), were also released. A TV show for Nickelodeon called Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness premiered in the fall of 2011 and is currently on the air.

Animation
Media franchises
Kung Fu Panda
General Kim Ikhun (Korean: 김익훈, 金益勳, 1619 – March 11 1689) was one of the Neo-Confucian scholars, politicians and Solders of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. His nickname was Kwangnam(광남, 光南), a Chinese style name was Moosook(무숙, 懋叔). He was a grand uncle of Queen Inkyung, wife of Joseon Dynastys 19th king of Joseon Sukjong.

Related pages 
 Bosagongshin
 Kim Seok-ju
 Kim Man-joong

Other websites 
 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=32011
 http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=553186
 http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=553186
 http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=878337

1619 births
1689 deaths
Korean educators
South Korean politicians
Autobiographers
Murder victims
Nam Gon (Korean: 남곤, 南袞, 1471 – March 10 1527) was a Neo-Confucian scholar, politician, and soldier of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. His nickname was Jijeong (止亭, 지정)·Jijokdang (知足堂, 지족당)·Jijok (知足, 지족), a Chinese style name was Sahwa (士華, 사화). He was a mental grandfather of Song in married to princess Jeongsun (정순옹주, 貞順翁主), illegitimate daughter of King Joseon Jungjong

A member of Sarim (사림, 士林), Vice Prime minister to 1521 and Prime minister of Joseon 1523 to 1527.

Books 

Jijeongjip (지정집, 止亭集)
Yujagwangjeon (유자광전, 柳子光傳)
Namakchangsurok (남악창수록, 南岳唱酬錄)

Related pages
 Jo Gwang-jo
 Kim Jeon
 Shim Jeong

References

Other websites 
 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=35237
 http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=532759
 http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=689086

1471 births
1527 deaths
Korean educators
South Korean politicians
Autobiographers
Song Siyeol (, Hanja: 宋時烈; 30 December 1607 - 19 July 1689), was a Neo-Confucian scholar, politician, and soldier of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. His nickname was Uam (우암, 尤庵) Ujae (우재, 尤齋) Gyosannobu (교산노부, 橋山老夫) Namgannosu (남간노수, 南澗老叟) Hwayangdongju (화양동주, 華陽洞主) Hwayanbgbuja (화양부자, 華陽夫子), a Chinese style name was Youngbo (영보, 英甫). header of Westner Partys.

Writing 
 Uamjip (우암집, 尤庵集)
 UamSeonsanghoojip (우암선생후집, 尤菴先生後集)
 Uamyugo (우암유고, 尤菴遺稿)
 Joojadaejeon (주자대전잡억)
 Songseoseupyu (송서습유, 宋書拾遺)
 Songseosokseupyu (송서속습유, 宋書續拾遺)
 Joojadaejeonchaui (주자대전차의, 朱子大全箚疑)
 Jeongseobunryu (정서분류, 程書分類)
 Joojauhryusobun (주자어류소분, 朱子語類小分)
 Nonmaengmunuitonggo (논맹문의통고, 論孟問義通攷)
 Shimgyungseokui (심경석의, 心經釋義)
 Shambangchwalyo (삼방촬요, 三方撮要)
 Songjadaejeon (송자대전, 宋子大全)
 Jangreungjimun (장릉지문, 長陵誌文)
 Youngreungjimun (영릉지문, 寧陵誌文)
 Songjungilmyojimyung (송준길묘지명)
 Sagyeseonsaenghangjang (사계선생행장, 沙溪先生行狀)

Gallery

Related pages
 Song Jun-gil
 Kim Jip
 Heo Mok

Other websites

 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=95558
 http://navercast.naver.com/contents.nhn?contents_id=4225

1607 births
1689 deaths
Korean educators
South Korean politicians
Autobiographers
The Académie de l'air et de l'espace (AAE) is the French national air and space non-profit academy. It was been created in 1983. by André Turcat. It is in Toulouse.

The main activity of AAE is to promote knowledge and development in aerospace activities.

References

Other websites
 Official website

Toulouse
Aerospace engineering
Education in France
Aviation in France
The University of Toulouse is a network of French universities and grandes écoles in the city of Toulouse. It was founded in 2007.

Members 

 University of Toulouse I: Capitole - UT1 (Law, Economics, Management)
 University of Toulouse II: Le Mirail - UT2 (Arts, Literature, Humanities and Languages)
 University of Toulouse III: Paul Sabatier - UT3 (Science, Technologies and Health)
 Institut national polytechnique de Toulouse - INP (Engineering) including :
 École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse - INP-ENSAT (Agronomy)
 École nationale supérieure d'électrotechnique, d'électronique, d'informatique, d'hydraulique et des télécommunications - INP-ENSEEIHT (Engineering)
 École nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques - INP-ENSIACET (Engineering)
 École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes - INP-ENIT (Engineering)
 École nationale de la météorologie - INP-ENM (Meteorology)
 École d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - INP-EI Purpan (Engineering)
 École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse - ENVT (Veterinary Studies)
 Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA Toulouse (Applied Sciences)
 Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace - ISAE (Aeronautics and Space)
 Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche Jean-François Champollion - CUFR Champollion (Several fields of study on offer)
 École des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - EMAC (Engineering)
 École nationale de l'aviation civile - ENAC (Civil Aviation)
 École nationale supérieure de formation de l’enseignement agricole - ENSFEA (Agronomy)
 École Nationale Supérieur d'Architecture de Toulouse - ENSA Toulouse (Architecture)
 Toulouse Business School (ESC Toulouse) (Business and Commerce)
 Institut d'études politiques de Toulouse - IEP/Sciences Po Toulouse (Political Studies)
 Institut Catholique d'Arts et Métiers de Toulouse - ICAM Toulouse (Engineering)

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Technical colleges and universities in Toulouse
2007 establishments in France
The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill is the debut solo album by American R&B musician Lauryn Hill. It was released on August 25, 1998.

Track listing

References 

1998 albums
The Five, often known as The Mighty Handful, are a group of five Russian composers who met regularly in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in the mid-19th century.  The Russian name for the group: Moguchaya kuchka (The Mighty Handful) was given to them by Vladimir Stasov, the famous music critic.  The five composers were:  Mily Balakirev, César Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Borodin. The group all wanted to write music in a Russian style, rather than imitating European composers.  They were part of the movement known in music as Nationalism.  They were five of the most important composers of the time.  Note that Tchaikovsky was not one of the group.  His music is more European-based, but he, too, often wrote very Russian music based on folk tunes.

History
Before The Five were established as a group, Mikhail Glinka and Alexander Dargomyzhsky were trying to create a Russian kind of music.  All the composers of The Five were amateur composers.  This does not mean that they were bad, it means that they earned their living in other ways and composed when they had time.  Rimsky-Korsakov was a naval officer, Borodin was a professor of chemistry, Cui was an expert in military armaments and Mussorgsky had been in the Guards and then in the civil service before he took up music full time.  Balakirev, the leader of the group, worked for a time for the Warsaw Railways.  He was the spiritual leader of the group: a kind of teacher and guide.

The composers of The Five tried to put the sounds of village songs, Cossack and Caucasian dances, and church chants in their music.  Russian peasants used to sing folk songs in which words or syllables were spun out with several notes into a long, lyrical line.  This influence can be heard in many of the Five’s works, especially in Mussorgsky’s operas.  They also frequently used music which sounded like that from Eastern Asia (“Orientalism”).

The group began to meet in 1856. This was before Anton Rubinstein founded the St Petersburg Conservatoire.  Music at the Conservatoire was taught in a European way.  This is what The Five, together with the music critic Vladimir Stasov, were against.  However, in later years Rimsky-Korsakov taught at the Conservatoire, and Rubinstein who had left in to concentrate on his career as a pianist, often used ideas from Russian folk music.  The difference between the two parties had become blurred. By the 1880s The Five were drifting apart because they each had developed their own personal styles.  Apart from Cui, whose music is not often heard today, the members of the group influenced or taught many of the next generation of Russian composers, such as Alexander Glazunov, Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Sergei Prokofiev, Igor Stravinsky, and Dmitri Shostakovich.

Related pages
Les Six, French composers

References

Other websites
Encyclopædia Britannica article about "The Five" 

Russian composers
The   identifies a special type of legal entity in Japan.  There are about 100 of these semi-governmental entities, including

 Building Research Institute, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
 Electronic Navigation Research Institute
 Equine Research Institute, JRA
 Fisheries Research Agency
 Forest Tree Breeding Center
 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
 Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC)
 Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO).
 Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences
 Japan Mint
 Japan National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
 Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC), 2004.
 Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
 Japan Sewage Works Agency
 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
 Marine Technical College
 National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
 National Archives of Japan (NAJ)
 National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences
 National Institute for Environmental Studies
 National Institute for Materials Science
 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
 National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)
 National Institute of Health and Nutrition
 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
 National Institute of Radiological Sciences
 National Maritime Research Institute
 Kyoto National Museum (KNM)
 Kyushu National Museum
 Nara National Museum (NNM)
 Tokyo National Museum (TNM)
 Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties
 National Art Center, Tokyo (NACT)
 National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo
 National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention
 National Research Institute of Brewing (NRIB)
 National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory
 NHK Science & Technical Research Laboratories
 Port and Airport Research Institute
 Public Works Research Institute
 RIKEN (Institute of Physical and Chemical Research)

Related pages
 Independent Administrative Institution
 List of National Laboratories (Japan)

References

Other websites
  Independent Administrative Institution National Museum of Art 

Japan-related lists
The Aéro-Club de France (AéCF) is the oldest aeronautical institution in the world. It was created on 20 October 1898. It is in Paris.

The main activity of AéCF is to promote aviation and certification.

References

Other websites 
 

Aviation in France
Aerospace engineering
Paris
1898 establishments in Europe
1890s establishments in France
Hans Florian Zimmer (born 12 September 1957) is a German movie score composer and music producer. He has written music for over 100 movies. 

His works include The Lion King (1994), Crimson Tide (1995), Gladiator (2000), Batman Begins (2005), The Dark Knight (2008), Inception (2010), Rango (2011), The Dark Knight Rises (2012), Man of Steel (2013), The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014), Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), Dunkirk (2017), Widows (2018) and The Lion King (2019). 

His next projects are No Time to Die (2020), Wonder Woman 1984 (2020) and Top Gun: Maverick (2020).

Career
Zimmer spent the early part of his career in the United Kingdom before moving to the United States. He is in charge of the movie music division at DreamWorks studios. He also works with other composers through the company he founded, Remote Control Productions. 

Zimmer's works are notable for combining electronic music sounds with traditional orchestral arrangements. He has been given four Grammy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, a Classical BRIT Award, and an Academy Award. He was also named on the list of Top 100 Living Geniuses, published by The Daily Telegraph.

In 2000, Zimmer's score for Gladiator became one of the best selling movie score albums of all time. He also composed video game scores such as Call of Duty and Fortnite.

Discography

As actor

Feature films

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

Television

As composer

Feature films

1980s

1990s

2000s

Short films

Television

References

Other websites

 
 
 Interview with Hans Zimmer in Film Score Monthly 
 Interview with Hans Zimmer about Sherlock Holmes from C Music TV 
 Focus.De
 Interviews with Hans Zimmer

1957 births
Living people
20th-century German composers
21st-century German composers
Academy Award winning composers
Golden Globe Award winning composers
Grammy Award winners
Movie score composers
People from Frankfurt
Saturn Award winners
Arka Sokaklar (Turkish for Back Alleys or Back Streets), is a Turkish crime television series. It has been broadcast on Kanal D (Channel D) since 2006.

Turkish television series
2006 television series debuts
2000s establishments in Turkey
Shin Suk-ju (1417 - June 21, 1475) was a Neo-Confucian scholar, politician and diplomat, linguist, and painter during the Korean Joseon Dynasty. His cousin was Deposed Queen Lady Yun His pen name was Huihyundang (희현당, 希賢堂), Bohanjae (보한재, 保閑齋), Chinese style name was Beomong (범옹, 泛翁).

Writing 
 Bohanjaejip(보한재집, 保閑齋集)
 Saseongtonggo(사성통고, 四聲通攷)
 Nongsanchukmokseo(농산축목서)
 Bukjungrok(북정록 北征錄)
 Haedongjegukgi(해동제국기 海東諸國記)

Related pages
 Deposed Queen Lady Yun
 Yeonsangun of Joseon

References

Other websites 

 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=101950
 http://navercast.naver.com/contents.nhn?contents_id=5967
 http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=560358
 http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=689523

Korean politicians
Asian diplomats
Korean painters
1417 births
1475 deaths
A safe is a container where people can put important things to protect them from fire, theft, or both. A safe is usually a box-shaped container with a lock. Safes that are designed to protect things from just fire may not have a lock or may have only a simple lock or padlock hasp. It is usually heavy and made of a strong substance such as steel. It is designed to be very hard to open with crowbars, hammers, drills, lock picks, and other tools. Safes are available in many different security levels. These range from those designed to protect from common burglars to those designed to protect from professional thieves and spies. Fire ratings are usually based on how long the safe can be in a common structure fire before the inside of the safe reaches 175 degrees Celsius. This is the temperature at which paper and wood are destroyed. The fire rating usually ranges from 15 minutes up to 3 hours. Some safes are also waterproof, which both protects the contents from flood and prevents the contents from getting wet when a fire is put out by firefighters. A large safe that is part of a building is called a vault. Vaults have usually one or more rooms.

Security
Containers
Colin Andrew Firth CBE (born 10 September 1960) is an English actor who has received an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, two BAFTA Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival. In 2010, Firth's portrayal of King George VI in Tom Hooper's The King's Speech won him the Academy Award for Best Actor.

Identified in the late 1980s with the "Brit Pack" of rising, young British actors, it was not until his portrayal of Fitzwilliam Darcy in the 1995 television adaptation of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice that he received more widespread attention. This led to roles in films, such as The English Patient, Bridget Jones's Diary, for which he was nominated for a BAFTA Award, Shakespeare in Love, and Love Actually. In 2009, Firth received widespread critical acclaim for his leading role in A Single Man, for which he gained his first Academy Award nomination, and won a BAFTA Award. In 2014, Firth portrayed secret agent Harry Hart in the film Kingsman: The Secret Service; he later reprised the role in the 2017 sequel Kingsman: The Golden Circle. In 2018, he co-starred as William "Weatherall" Wilkins in the musical fantasy Mary Poppins Returns.

His films have grossed more than $3 billion from 42 releases worldwide. In 2011, Firth received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and was also selected as one of the Time 100. He was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Winchester in 2007, and was made a Freeman of the City of London in 2012. He has campaigned for the rights of indigenous tribal people, and is a member of Survival International. Firth has campaigned on issues of asylum seekers, refugees' rights, and the environment. He commissioned and co-authored a scientific paper on a study into the differences in brain structure between people of differing political orientations.

References

Other websites 

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Hampshire
BAFTA Award winning actors
British activists
English movie actors
English television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Writers from Hampshire
1960 births
Living people
Faheem Rasheed Najm (born September 30, 1984), better known by his stage name T-Pain, is an American singer-songwriter, rapper, and record producer. His debut album, Rappa Ternt Sanga, was released in 2005. In 2007, T-Pain released his second album, Epiphany, which reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart. His third album, Three Ringz, was released in 2008. The albums included a string of hit singles, including "I'm Sprung", "I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper)", "Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')", "Bartender", "Can't Believe It", and "5 O'Clock". T-Pain has earned two Grammy Awards, one with Kanye West for "Good Life" and the other with Jamie Foxx for "Blame It".

T-Pain is the founder of the record label imprint Nappy Boy Entertainment, established in 2005. Throughout his career as a singer, T-Pain popularized the creative use of the Auto-Tune pitch correction effect, used with extreme parameter settings to create distinctive vocal sounds. From 2006 to 2010, T-Pain was featured on more than 50 chart topping singles. His most successful feature to date was on Flo Rida's debut single "Low", which has since been certified 6x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

References

Other websites

Official website
Nappy Boy Records

1984 births
Living people
American contemporary R&B singers
American hip hop musicians
Businesspeople from Florida
Reality show winners
Singers from Florida
African-American singers
American singer-songwriters
American record producers
Walter Perry Johnson  (November 6, 1887 – December 10, 1946) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He played 21 years in the Major Leagues, all for the Washington Senators. He was then the manager of the Senators from 1929 to 1932, and he managed the Cleveland Indians from 1933 to 1935. He was known for being able to throw baseballs with great speed, and he was nicknamed "The Big Train". He set many baseball records and has the second-most wins of all-time. Many people think he is the greatest pitcher of all-time.

Early life 
Walter Johnson was born on November 6, 1887 on a farm near Humboldt, Kansas. His parents were Frank and Minnie Johnson, and he had five siblings. When Johnson was 14, his family moved to Orange County, California. Later, he moved to Idaho, where he played baseball for a small team from Idaho and worked for a phone company. When someone from the Washington Senators saw him pitch, they signed him to a contract in 1907.

Baseball career 
Walter Johnson was known for being a "power pitcher," meaning he could throw the ball very hard and fast. His fastball was the main reason he was able to accomplish so much, like having the most  3,509 career strikeouts and the most shutouts of all-time. He also won the American League Most Valuable Player award twice, in 1913 and 1924.

After baseball 
After he retired from playing in 1927, Johnson was one of the first five players elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936. He later ran for a spot in the United States House of Representatives, but lost the election. He died from a brain tumor in Washington, D.C. on December 10, 1946.

References 

1887 births
1946 deaths
American baseball players
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
Sportspeople from Kansas
Baseball coaches
Paulie is a 1998 family movie about a talking parrot named "Paulie". It was directed by John Roberts and written by Laurie Craig, and it was produced by Mark Gordon, Gary Levinsohn, and Allyson Lyon Segan for Mutual Film Company and DreamWorks Pictures. It stars Jay Mohr as Paulie's voice and Tony Shalhoub as a janitor who finds the parrot kept captive in a biological research laboratory. It also stars Gena Rowlands, Cheech Marin, Bruce Davison, Trini Alvarado, and Buddy Hackett in his final film role.

The film was released on VHS in 1998 by DreamWorks Home Entertainment.

1998 movies
American family movies
English-language movies
Movies about animals
Robin is a comic book superhero and Batman's sidekick. The character appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. There are many characters that became Robin, but the first one was Dick Grayson. The first version of Robin was presented in Detective Comics #38 (April 1940). He was created by Bob Kane, Bill Finger and Jerry Robinson. The team of Batman and Robin is also called "the Dynamic Duo" or "the Caped Crusaders". He is member of the Teen Titans.

Batman characters
Estelle Fanta Swaray, better known under the name Estelle, formerly known as Est'elle (born January 18, 1980) is an English Grammy Award-winning R&B, hip hop and soul singer-songwriter and voice actress. She was born in Hammersmith, London, England.

In 2004, two of Estelle's singles made it into the charts. These were "1980" and "Free". She also won a MOBO Award for "Best Newcomer". The videos to both of her songs were directed by Andy Hylton. "Free" was written by Estelle. It was produced by Jimmy Hogarth. Her first album,The 18th Day was number 35 in the UK Albums Chart.

In 2008, Estelle worked with rapper Kanye West on her song "American Boy". This song reached the top 10 in many countries. It was number one on the UK Singles Chart and in Belgium and Israel. The song won many awards. These included a Grammy Award for best Rap / collaboration. The song was also nominated for the Grammy for "Song of the Year". "American Boy" was Number 7 on Rolling Stone'''s list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008. Her album Shine was released after the single. It was on the albums chart in most countries. It was number 6 in the UK.  Estelle also released a new single with American rapper Busta Rhymes. It is called "World Go Round". The single was on his album Back on My B.S. which was released on 19 May 2009.

Her third album All of Me was released on February 28, 2012 in the US. 

Estelle does the voice of Garnet, one of the main characters in the cartoon Steven Universe.

Discography
Studio albumsThe 18th Day... (2004)Shine (2008)All of Me (2012)True Romance (2015)

EPsiTunes Live: London Sessions (2008)Estelle Live @ LiveDEMO Berlin (2008)Love & Happiness (Volume I: Love Jones) (2013)Love & Happiness (Volume II: Waiting To Exhale) (2013)Love & Happiness (Volume III: How Stella Got Her Groove Back)'' (2013)

References

Other websites
Official website

Black British musicians
British R&B musicians
Grammy Award winners
Singers from London
Living people
1980 births
Gladiator is a 2000 Anglo-American historical action movie. Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) takes power and strips rank from Maximus (Russell Crowe), one of the favored generals of his predecessor and father, Emperor Marcus Aurelius, the great stoical philosopher. Maximus is then relegated to fighting to the death in the gladiator arenas.

It won five Academy Awards. Gladiator was directed by Ridley Scott and produced by Douglas Wick, David Franzoni and Branko Lustig.

It stars Russell Crowe, Joaquin Phoenix, Connie Nielsen, Djimon Hounsou and Oliver Reed.

Other websites 

2000 action movies
2000 drama movies
2000s historical movies
2000s epic movies
American action movies
American drama movies
American epic movies
BAFTA Award winners
British action movies
British drama movies
Best Picture Oscar
English-language movies
Movies set in Ancient Rome
Movies composed by Hans Zimmer
Movies directed by Ridley Scott
Golden Globe Award winners
A reference ellipsoid is an ellipsoid which is used as a frame of reference for geodetic calculations. It is a figure like the shape of the Earth. It is easier to work with than the geoid, which is another shape like that of the Earth. 

It is relatively easy to describe the reference ellipsoid using mathematical formulae. Describing the geoid is much more complex, as it results from precise measurements. The first such models were spheres, used since Ancient Greece. In the 17th century, there were doubts that the earth was a sphere. In 1688, Isaac Newton solved a controversy with Giovanni Domenico Cassini by demonstrating mathematically that the rotation of the earth would lead to a flattening around the area of the poles, and not at the equator. 

In practice this was shown by Pierre Bouguer and Alexis-Claude Clairaut half a century later. The two had done an expedition to Peru and Lapland (1735-1741). Their measurement of the meridian arc lead to the definition of the metre. This was the ten-millionth part of the idealized distance between the pole and the equator, 1791. Because of different errors in measurement, it turned out to be 0.022% too short, and was redefined twice, in 1793, and 1799. The value of 1799 is still the official definition but it is about 0.197‰ too short. 

In 1983, the metre was redefined as the distance, light travels in a certain amount of time, in a vacuum.

Navigation
Geodesy
Heo Mok (Korean: 허목, hanja:許穆, 1595 – April 27 1689) was a Korean Neo-Confucian and Taoist scholar, politician, writer, and painter during the Joseon Dynasty. His pen names were Misu (미수, 眉叟) and Teryung-Noin (태령노인, 台領老人), Sukhojangin (석호장인, 石戶丈人). His Chinese style names were Moonbo (문보, 文甫) and Hwabo(화보, 和甫).

He was a leader of South man party, 1675 - March 1680 in vicePrime minister of Joseon Dynastys.

Writing 
 Kyungreyuchan (1647)
 Eastern History (1667)
 Blue Gentelman List (1667)
 Kyung seol (1677) 
 Mesu ChunjaMun
 Dangun's Family
 Misu Kiun 
 Sim Hakdo

gallery

Related pages

 Yun Seondo
 Song Siyeol

1595 births
1682 deaths
Korean educators
South Korean politicians
Autobiographers
Korean painters