cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jerome David Salinger (January 1, 1919 – January 27, 2010), better known as J. D. Salinger, was an American writer of (partly) Jewish descent. He was best known for his 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye.

Early life
Salinger was born Jerome David Salinger in Manhattan, New York on January 1, 1919.

Career
Salinger began writing short stories while in secondary school. In 1936, he went to work in Austria, but left 2 years later, just before Germany took Austria over.

Salinger published several stories in the early 1940s before serving in World War II. In 1948 he published the story "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" in The New Yorker magazine, which also published most of his following work.

In 1951, his first novel The Catcher in the Rye was published. It became an immediate popular success.

Death
On January 27, 2010, Salinger died in his home in Cornish, New Hampshire of natural causes at age 91.

Personality
Salinger did not like publicity: He never published an original work after 1965 and was never interviewed after 1980. In fact, he told his agent to burn any mail that fans sent him. He also did not want his photograph on the jacket of his books.

Unpublished books
On November 28, 2013, scans of three unpublished Salinger stories were uploaded to the Internet. It was done by a user of What.CD, an invite-only BitTorrent tracker site. The file was quickly removed by administrators of the site. It is not currently clear how the unpublished material was uploaded, as the original gangster sources came from two different locations (the University of Texas and Princeton). This shows that the works may have been obtained on separate occasions and then put together. Salinger's unpublished works quickly spread over to open BitTorrent sites like The Pirate Bay and image-sharing sites such as Imgur.

Despite What.CD's quick response, Salinger's unpublished writings will forever be available on the internet.

Footnotes

References 

Salinger, Margaret (2000). Dream catcher: reflections on reclusion. Scribner, N.Y.

Other websites 

 The Letters to J. D. Salinger Web Site. 
 The J. D. Salinger "Bananafish" discussion list. 
 Implied meanings in J. D. Salinger stories and reverting (English Pdf)  (from http://www.tversu.ru/Science/Hermeneutics/1998-2.html  )
 Salinger.org - A Fan site
 Dead Caulfields. The early life and work of J.D. Salinger 

1919 births
2010 deaths
American novelists
Jewish American writers
Jews who converted to Christianity
Writers from Manhattan
Luca Toni (born 26 May 1977 in Pavullo nel Frignano, Modena) is an Italian football player. He plays for Genoa and Italy national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Modena||rowspan="2"|Serie C1||7||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||7||2
|-
|1995/96||25||5||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||5
|-
|1996/97||Empoli||Serie B||3||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||1
|-
|1997/98||Fiorenzuola||Serie C1||26||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||26||2
|-
|1998/99||Cisco Roma||Serie C1||31||15||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||15
|-
|1999/00||Treviso||Serie B||35||15||4||1||colspan="2"|-||39||16
|-
|2000/01||Vicenza||Serie A||31||9||2||0||colspan="2"|-||33||9
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Brescia||rowspan="2"|Serie A||28||13||4||1||2||0||34||14
|-
|2002/03||16||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||16||2
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Città di Palermo||Serie B||45||30||2||0||colspan="2"|-||47||30
|-
|2004/05||Serie A||35||20||1||1||colspan="2"|-||36||21
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Fiorentina||rowspan="2"|Serie A||38||31||4||2||colspan="2"|-||42||33
|-
|2006/07||29||16||0||0||colspan="2"|-||29||16

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||31||24||4||5||11||10||46||39
|-
|2008/09||25||14||2||1||8||3||35||18
|-
|2009/10||4||0||1||1||1||0||6||1

|-
|2009/10||Roma||Serie A||||||||||||||||
349||161||17||5||2||0||368||166
60||38||7||7||20||13||87||58
409||199||24||12||22||13||455||224
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2004||5||1
|-
|2005||10||5
|-
|2006||11||4
|-
|2007||5||4
|-
|2008||11||2
|-
|2009||5||0
|-
!Total||47||16
|}

Other websites 
 Official Website
  National Team statistics at FIGC official site

References 

1977 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Alicia Linda Goranson (born June 22, 1974, in Evanston, Illinois), also known as Lecy Goranson, is an American actress most famous for her role as Becky Conner in the TV show Roseanne.

1974 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Illinois
American movie actors
People from Evanston, Illinois
Kenneth Elton Kesey (September 17, 1935 – November 10, 2001) was an American writer best known for his novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. He was born in La Junta, Colorado and moved to Springfield, Oregon in 1946.

References

1935 births
2001 deaths
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from liver cancer
Writers from Colorado
Writers from Oregon
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a novel. It was written in 1959 by Ken Kesey. It was published in 1962. It is set in a mental asylum in Oregon. It was made into a movie that was directed by Milos Forman. The movie stars Jack Nicholson. It was very popular, and won 5 Academy Awards. It was a very controversial book. It is still considered a classic.

1962 books
20th-century American novels
English-language novels
Oregon
Suicide in fiction
Works about prostitution
Fred Dalton Thompson (Freddie Dalton Thompson; September 19, 1942 – November 1, 2015) was an American politician, actor, attorney, and lobbyist. 

Thompson became famous during the 1970s during the Watergate Scandal because he discovered the Watergate tapes which would lead to President Richard Nixon's resignation in 1973.

He starred on Law & Order as Arthur Branch, the District Attorney of New York. He quit the show to run as the Republican candidate for the United States presidency in 2008, but he did not become the candidate. He was also the host of The Fred Thompson Show, one of Westwood One's most popular talk shows.

On November 1, 2015, Thompson died from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), a form of cancer, at the age of 73 in Nashville, Tennessee.

References

Other websites

1942 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Alabama
American lobbyists
American movie actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in Tennessee
Deaths from non-Hodgkin lymphoma
People from Sheffield, Alabama
Politicians from Alabama
2008 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Tennessee
Super OS (formerly: Super Ubuntu) is a free Linux distribution. It is a modified version of Ubuntu made with reconstructor. Its main goal is to provide an ‘Out of the Box’ experience, containing various enhancements over Ubuntu. It has the goal of remaining compatible with Ubuntu.

Features 
Includes an easy way to run executable files and scripts.
Multimedia support: It is prepackaged with support for MP3 files and video-DVDs.
Internet codecs: It includes an additional web browser (Opera), Adobe Flash Player, and more communication software (aMSN and Skype).
Additional software: It also includes, Wine, the GUI for Uncomplicated Firewall, and other software installed by default.

Tools and software

App Runner 
App Runner is a script included in Super OS that allows any kind of executable or script to be launched without having to use the command line. App Runner was also subject of an article by Lifehacker, saying "App Runner would come in handy" and "there's plenty of scripts and closed-source apps that this would be useful for".

Live USB 
There is also a Windows tool called cd2usb to create Ubuntu and Super OS Live USBs. The program is already included in the DVD of Super OS.

RUNZ Framework
The RUNZ Framework  is a tool that allows the use of portable apps and something called SuperDebs (an installer with a .deb file + its dependencies that can be installed offline) in Super OS. It is already included in Super OS 9.04 SP 0.1+

Software repository
In addition to the official Ubuntu repositories, Super OS also includes its own repositories, which include third-party software like Adobe Reader, Skype, Real Player, TrueCrypt, PeaZip, Google Chrome or Ubuntu calendar, but also include tools/software developed by hacktolive, like App Runner and RUNZ.

Reception and adoption 
Super OS has been received mainly with positive reviews, with softpedia saying "it is a distribution with super powers […] [due to] the inclusion of applications, tools and technologies that are missing from a standard Ubuntu". Super OS (still with the name Super Ubuntu at the time), was also Lifehacker's featured download saying "It's basically just a re-compiled version of the official Ubuntu distribution, but with a whole bunch of features included that save you the time of grabbing them yourself".Super OS is also the OS that the Helios project  (a non-profit organization to give away computers to children without the money to buy them) pre-loads on most of the computers they give away. , Super OS is in the top 100 of the page hit ranking of DistroWatch,.

Related pages
List of Ubuntu-based distributions

References

Other websites 

Official website  
Super OS coverage and reviews 
Official blog 
Super OS at DistroWatch
Super OS Archive

Linux software
Ubuntu (operating system) derivatives
Linux distributions
Live CD
Remastersys is a free software/open source (GPL) script for Linux distributions that allows a person to:
 Create a customized Live CD/DVD of Ubuntu and derivatives.
 Backup all the system, including user data to an installable Live CD/DVD.

Uses
It is a very useful and easy way to create a customized Live CD/DVD version of Ubuntu, once the system is installed and configured with programs, updates, etc... the user just has to:
Download and install the latest version of remastersys from: http://remastersys.klikit-linux.com/repository/remastersys/ 
Open the program (a shortcut is created on the desktop) and then choose the dist or backup option, and then the iso of the Live CD will be automatically created.
The resulting iso can also be installed on a USB pendrive, creating a Live USB distro, using either a command-line approach or a graphical tool such as UNetbootin.

It has a command line version and a GUI version.  It currently works with Ubuntu, and possibly more Ubuntu-based distributions. 
The latest version of Ubuntu (8.04) is already supported.

Related pages
Reconstructor

References

Other websites
 Remastersys forums 
 Wiki of Remastersys project
 How to make a customized Ubuntu Live CD/DVD with remastersys 

Live CD
Debian-based Linux distributions
Murray Langston (born 1945, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada) is a Canadian comedian and writer. His television work includes The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour, Make Me Laugh, and The Gong Show.

Langston is best known, oddly enough, as The Unknown Comic – a comedian who appears onstage wearing a paper bag over his head. He first appeared as the Unknown Comic on The Gong Show. He did not want his true identity known, because an appearance on an amateur show could have hurt his comedy career, when he was already well-known.

Audiences liked the Unknown Comic, and Langston began to appear as that character on other shows, and in live performances. In time, Langston was as famous for the character as for himself. When he was finally unmasked in public (on a television show called Real People), the two careers became one. Langston has performed both as himself and as the Unknown Comic ever since.

Langston partly retired from his career during the 1990s, to focus on raising his daughter.

References

1945 births
Living people
Canadian television actors
Canadian comedians
The term Australopithecine ('australos' for short) refers to any species in the related genera  Australopithecus or  Paranthropus. These genera occurred in the Pliocene–Pleistocene era, and were bipedal. The arrangement of their teeth, especially the dental arcade, was similar to humans. They did not have the large canine teeth characteristic of present-day apes.

They had a brain size not much larger than modern apes, lacking the large brain of the genus Homo. They were mainly bipedal, but probably capable of climbing and living at least partly in trees. Their arms were longer in proportion to their bodies, and this also suggests their inherited capacity to move above the ground. The efficiency of their walking is difficult to estimate, but they were not so well adapted to bipedalism as humans. The males were much larger than the females, which suggests a family arrangement with a dominant male and several females, as with modern apes. Nothing is known for certain about their use of tools.

They are in the hominins,and appeared in the late Miocene.

Australopithecus, about four million years ago (mya)
Paranthropus, about 2.7 mya

When used alone, the term refers to both genera together. Australopithecus is sometimes referred to as the "gracile (slender) australopithecines", while Paranthropus are also called the "robust australopithecines".

Other genera:
Kenyanthropus (3.5 to 3.2) mya is either a separate genus of australos, or a species of Australopithecus.
Ardipithecus (5.6 and 4.4) mya, is a Miocene hominin. It had a grasping big toe, and therefore could live in trees as well as on the ground. The term "facultative biped" is used. 
Sahelanthropus, also a Miocene hominin, lived about seven million years ago (mya). The relationships of this species to the australos is unclear.
Orrorin, at 6.1 to 5.7 mya is known from 20 pieces of bone, and its relationships are unclear. Orrorin is both earlier, by almost 3 million years, and more similar to modern humans than is A. afarensis. The main similarity is that the Orrorin femur is morphologically closer to that of H. sapiens than is Lucy's; there is, however, some debate over this point.

A likely ancestor of the australopithecines is the Ardipithecus genus, which lived in East Africa. The genus Homo (humans), appears about 2.4 million years ago with Homo habilis. Australos moved into mixed savannah/woodland habitats as the climate cooled in the later Miocene. This explains their adaptations to walking or walking plus climbing. It also explains the changes to their diet and teeth, though not in detail. The great increase in brain size of modern man began with the genus Homo: it did not start with the australos.

The australopithecines according to Briggs & Crowther.
Australopithecina 
Australopithecus
A. afarensis
A. africanus
A. anamensis
A. bahrelghazali
A. garhi
Paranthropus
P. robustus
P. boisei
P. aethiopicus
Ardipithecus
A. ramidus
Orrorin
'Orrorin tugenensis
Sahelanthropus
Sahelanthropus tchadensis

References 

 
Miocene
The Sahara Pump Theory attempts to explain how plants and animals from Africa moved into the Middle East and then Europe and Asia. 

At the time, Africa was rainier than it is today, and the Sahara was wetter, with bigger lakes and more rivers. 

African rainy periods are associated with a "wet Sahara" phase, during which larger lakes and more rivers exist.  This causes changes in the type of animals found in the area. 

Regardless of the aridity of the greater Sahara, migration along the river corridor was halted when, during a desert phase 1.8-0.8 million years ago, the Nile ceased to flow completely and possibly flowed only temporarily in other periods due to Nubian Swell uplift.

During the periods of a wet Sahara, the Sahara and Arabia become a savanna grassland and African flora and fauna become common. During the following dry period, the Sahara reverts to desert conditions usually as a result of the retreat of the West African Monsoon southwards. Evaporation exceeds precipitation, the level of water in lakes like Lake Chad falls, and rivers become dry wadis.  

Flora and fauna previously widespread retreat northwards to the Atlas Mountains, southwards into West Africa, or eastwards into the Nile Valley and thence either south-east to the Ethiopian Highlands and Kenya or north-east across the Sinai into Asia. This separates populations of some of the species in areas with different climates, forcing them to adapt, possibly giving rise to speciation (species splitting).

The Saharan pump has been used to date four waves of human emigration from Africa, namely:

 Homo erectus (ssp. ergaster) into Southeast and East Asia
 Homo heidelbergensis into the Middle East and Western Europe
 Homo sapiens sapiens Out of Africa theory
 The spread of Afro-Asiatic languages.

References

Geography
Evolutionary biology
Prehistoric Africa
US Airways, Inc. was an airline that used to be owned by the US Airways Group, Inc. US Airways was previously known as USAir. It was the sixth largest airline in the United States.  Its headquarters were in Tempe, Arizona. US Airways owned 357 large jet aircraft and 329 smaller planes that flew to 240 places in North America, Central America, the Caribbean, Hawaii, and Europe. In May 2008, US Airways had 36,632 people working for them in the world and flew 3,512 flights each day.  The US in US Airways stands for United States.

Flights
US Airways had many flights from Charlotte, North Carolina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Phoenix, Arizona. US Airways also ran smaller numbers of flights from Washington, DC, Las Vegas, Nevada, New York, New York, and Boston, Massachusetts.

Affiliates
The airline also had the US Airways Shuttle. It's a brand which operates frequent flights between cities in the northeast part of the United States. Other companies operate short flights for US Airways, which are called US Airways Express. After the AA combination, the brand is now known as the "American Shuttle".

History
In 2005, US Airways combined with America West Airlines, but they kept the US Airways name.

In 2013, US Airways announced it was going to be combined with American Airlines.  The combination was completed on April 8, 2015,  with the new airline keeping the "American Airlines" name.  US Airways had it's last flight on October 16, 2015.

Gallery

References

 

Airlines of the United States
Companies based in Arizona
Tempe, Arizona
1937 establishments in the United States
Star Alliance
Northwest Airlines, Inc. (often abbreviated NWA) is a subsidiary of Delta Air Lines, Inc., and was a major United States airline. It was headquartered in Eagan, Minnesota, near Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport in the United States. Northwest had three major hubs in the United States: Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, and Memphis International Airport. Northwest also operated flights from a small hub in Asia at Narita International Airport near Tokyo and also operated transatlantic flights in cooperation with their partner KLM from Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam. It also had focus city operations at Indianapolis International Airport and Seattle-Tacoma International Airport.

As of 2006 Northwest was the world's sixth largest airline in terms of domestic and international scheduled passenger miles flown and the U.S.'s sixth largest airline in terms of domestic passenger miles flown. In addition to operating one of the largest domestic route networks in the U.S., Northwest carries more passengers across the Pacific Ocean (5.1 million in 2004) than any other U.S. carrier, and carries more domestic air cargo than any other American passenger airline. It is the only U.S. combination carrier (passenger and cargo service) operating dedicated Boeing 747 freighters. The airline, along with its parent company, Northwest Airlines Corporation and subsidiaries, operated under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection which, in the United States, allows continued operation during the reorganization effort, not stopping flights as in the case in some countries. Northwest emerged from bankruptcy protection on May 31, 2007.

Northwest Airlines' regional flights were operated under the name Northwest Airlink by Mesaba Airlines, Pinnacle Airlines, and Compass Airlines. Its frequent flyer program was WorldPerks. Northwest Airlines' tagline was "Now you're flying smart." 

On April 14, 2008, Northwest announced it would be merging with Delta Air Lines, subject to regulatory review. The merger was officially completed on January 31, 2010.

References 

Airlines of the United States
Companies based in Minnesota
1926 establishments in the United States
2010 disestablishments in the United States
Erich Wasicky (May 27, 1911 in Vienna, Austria - May 28, 1947 in Landsberg) was a pharmacist at the Mauthausen concentration camp. He was responsible for killing many inmates.

Wasicky joined the NSDAP and the SS (he had the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer). From 1941 to 1944, he worked in the concentration-camp Mauthausen. He was in charge of choosing victims to be killed, and of poisoning them with the gas Zyklon-B. He also drove trucks that were used for killing people by exhaust gas. Up to 15,000 people had been killed at Mauthausen as well as neighboring Hartheim.

After the end of World War II he was charged with murder by an US-military tribunal, found guilty, and was hanged on May 28, 1947.

References

Other websites 
 Erich Wasicky
 Dachau trials 
 Jewish Virtual Library

1911 births
1947 deaths
Austrian people of World War II
Austrian physicians
Austrian war criminals
Executed Austrian people
Executed Nazis
Holocaust perpetrators
Majors
People executed by hanging
Scientists from Vienna
SS officers
Waffen-SS people
Pharmacists
The Boy with No Name is an album by Indie pop band Travis and was released in May 2007. The name of this record came from the fact it took Francis Healy (singer) a long time to name his son.

Songs

All songs written by Fran Healy, except where noted.
 "3 Times and You Lose" (Healy, Andy Dunlop) – 4:14
 "Selfish Jean" – 4:00
This track uses several lyrics and the overall theme from the 1997 B-side "Standing on My Own" (which was included on the single release of "Tied to the 90's").[3]
 "Closer" – 4:00
 "Big Chair" (Healy, Dunlop) – 4:07
 "Battleships" – 4:11
Backing vocals provided by Julia Stone.
 "Eyes Wide Open" – 2:59
 "My Eyes" – 4:08
 "One Night" – 4:00
 "Under the Moonlight" (Susie Hug) – 4:00
Backing vocals provided by KT Tunstall.
 "Out in Space" – 3:35
 "Colder" (Healy, Dougie Payne) – 4:06
 "New Amsterdam" – 2:37
 "Sailing Away" (hidden bonus track) – 3:31
 Starts at 5:52 into last track (5:38 on UK and Mexican release).
 "Perfect Heaven Space" (UK bonus track) – 3:50
 "Say Hello" (iTunes bonus track) - 3:33 (Only available on the release date)

"Closer" was the first single the band released from this album.

2007 albums
Life expectancy is how long a person is expected to live. It is based on many factors such as country and life style including smoking, diet, and exercise.

There are great changes in life expectancy between different parts of the world, mostly caused by differences in public health, medical care and diet. Much of the excess mortality (higher death rates) in poorer nations is due to war, not enough food, and medical conditions or diseases (AIDS, Malaria, etc.). 

Over the past 200 years, countries with black or African populations have generally not had the same improvements in mortality rates that have been enjoyed by other peoples. Even in countries with a majority of white people, such as USA, Britain, Ireland and France, black people tend to have shorter life expectancies than their white counterparts (although the statistics are often not analysed by race). For example, in the U.S. white Americans are expected to live until age 79, but African Americans only until age 75 (as of the year 2013).

Climate may also have an effect, and the way data is collected may also influence the figures. According to the CIA World Factbook, Macau has the world's longest life expectancy of 84.4 years.

There are also significant differences in life expectancy between men and women in most countries, with women typically outliving men by around five years. Economic circumstances also affect life expectancy. For example, in the United Kingdom, life expectancy in the expensive areas like Kensington is several years longer than in the poorest areas such as Glasgow. This may reflect factors such as diet and lifestyle as well as access to medical care. It may also reflect a selective effect: people with chronic life-threatening illnesses are less likely to become wealthy or to live in expensive areas.

References 

Demography
Gerontology
Demosthenes (384–322 BC, , Dēmosthénēs) was a well-known Greek statesman and orator from ancient Athens. His speeches show the height of classical Athenian skill at speaking. They also show us lots about the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC. Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators.  He delivered his first law court speeches when he was twenty. He argued effectively to gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance. For a time, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speech-writer and a lawyer, writing speeches for use in private legal suits.

At the age of 21, Demosthenes took the job of the commander of warships in Athens.

Demosthenes grew interested in politics during the time he wrote speeches for others. In 354 BC he gave his first public political speeches. He went on to devote his most productive years to opposing Macedon's expansion. He idealized his city and tried throughout his life to restore Athens' supremacy and motivate the rest of the Athenians against Philip II of Macedon. He sought to preserve his city's freedom and to establish an alliance against Macedon, in an unsuccessful attempt to impede Philip's plans to expand his influence southwards by conquering all the Greek states. After Philip's death, Demosthenes played a leading part in his city's uprising against the new King of Macedon, Alexander the Great. However, his efforts failed and the revolt was met with a harsh Macedonian reaction. To prevent a similar revolt against his own rule, Alexander's successor, Antipater, sent his men to track Demosthenes down. Demosthenes took his own life, in order to avoid being arrested by Archias, Antipater's confidant.

The Alexandrian Canon compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace recognized Demosthenes as one of the ten greatest Attic orators and speech writers. According to Longinus, Demosthenes "perfected to the utmost the tone of lofty speech, living passions, copiousness, readiness, speed". Cicero acclaimed him as "the perfect orator" who lacked nothing, and Quintilian extolled him as "lex orandi" ("the standard of oratory") and that "inter omnes unus excellat" ("he stands alone among all the orators").

References 

384 BC births
322 BC deaths
European politicians
Ancient Greek philosophers
Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs is an animated movie. It's the sequel to Futurama: Bender's Big Score, and is the second Futurama movie. It takes place right after the events of Bender's Big Score, and is about a giant monster who is in love with the entire universe. It has two sequels that were released, the first called Futurama: Bender's Game, and then Futurama: Into the Wild Green Yonder.

Plot summary 

Everyone is worried and afraid of the rift in space that was opened at the end of Bender's Big Score.

Cast

Other websites

2008 movies
2008 animated movies
2000s science fiction movies
20th Century Fox movies
Futurama movies
Movies based on TV series
Mobile is a song by Avril Lavigne. It was only released in Australia and New Zealand.

Charts
"Mobile" was only released in Australia and New Zealand. "Mobile" started its chart position at #36 on the New Zealand Singles Chart, climbing up to #26 in its fifth week. The song was also released in South Africa as an airplay single.

References

Avril Lavigne songs
2003 songs
Don't Tell Me is a 2004 song by Avril Lavigne. It is from her album Under My Skin. On April 27 2004, it was released as the first single off of that album.

Song listing 
Australian CD single(82876614112; Released April 14, 2004)
 "Don't Tell Me"
 "Don't Tell Me" (acoustic)
 "Take Me Away"

International Maxi CD single
 "Don't Tell Me"
 "Don't Tell Me" (acoustic)
 "Take Me Away"
 "Don't Tell Me" (music video)

UK Pt. 2/FR/German single
 "Don't Tell Me"
 "Don't Tell Me (acoustic)

Japan CD single
(BVCA-29607; Released April 28, 2004)
 "Don't Tell Me"
 "Take Me Away"

EU/BR/Japan/Mex/US promo
 "Don't Tell Me" (album version)

Charts 
The song did well on charts, climbing to number twenty-two in the United States, at number ten in Australia, at number six in Spain, at number five in the UK.

References 

Avril Lavigne songs
2004 songs
EasyJet Airline Company Limited, styled as easyJet, is a British low cost airline founded in 1995. Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou started the airline in 1995. He was in charge of EasyJet until 2002.  Starting in 2003, EasyJet opened many bases at airports throughout Europe.  As of 2016, EasyJet is based at London Luton Airport. EasyJet currently has 26 bases and its largest base is at London Gatwick Airport.  It is the second largest low-fare airline in Europe. It flies domestic and international scheduled services. It has 387 routes between 104 European and north African airports.

EasyJet was featured in the television series Airline.

Gallery

References 

1995 establishments in the United Kingdom
Airlines of the United Kingdom
Low-cost airlines
A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually have one or more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the computer. A popular variation of the joystick used on modern video game consoles is the analog stick.

The joystick has been the principal flight control in the cockpit of many aircraft, particularly military fast jets, where center stick or side-stick location may be employed.

Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as cranes, trucks, underwater unmanned vehicles and zero turning radius lawn mowers. Miniature finger-operated joysticks have been adopted as input devices for smaller electronic equipment such as mobile phones.  

 
Data input
Klaus Barbie (25 October 1913 – 25 September 1991) was an SS-Hauptsturmführer, soldier, and Gestapo member. He is known as the "Butcher of Lyon" because of the war crimes he committed in France during World War II. He lived in Bolivia from 1951 until he was extradited (moved by government order) to France in 1983. From 1984-1987, he was tried and convicted of, and sentenced to life imprisonment for, crimes against humanity. He remained in prison until he died of leukemia in Lyon.

References
 

1913 births
1991 deaths
Cancer deaths in France
Deaths from leukemia
Extradition
German prisoners
German war criminals
Holocaust perpetrators
People from North Rhine-Westphalia
People from Prussia
People who died in prison custody
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
RSHA people
SS officers
Brassicaceae is a family of plants including mustard, wasabi, and horseradish. They are also called the mustard family, or cabbage family. Some plants in this family are hot when you eat them, so they are used as spices. Another group includes the cabbages, where there are broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage. Another name for this family is Cruciferae.

The flowers of this family have four petals and look like a cross. The name comes from the genus in it, Brassica.

Image gallery 

Brassicales
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Ned Kelly is a 2003 Australian movie directed by Gregor Jordan. The movie shows the life of Ned Kelly who was a famous bushranger in Australia. The movie is based on Robert Drewe's book Our Sunshine.

Most of the filming was done at the Little River Earth Sanctuary, Mount Rothwell, near Geelong. Street scenes were filmed in Clunes and Ballarat. Other locations include Broadford, Glenfern, Hepburn Springs and Melbourne.

Related pages
Ned Kelly
Ned Kelly (1970 movie)
The Story of the Kelly Gang

Other websites
Official site

Boxoffice information

References

Australian biographical movies
Australian crime movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Ned Kelly
Western movies
Movies set in Australia
Events

By Geography

Asia 
 After the defeat of his army in the Battle of the Zab the last Umayyad Caliph, Marwan II, is overthrown and killed. Al-Saffah is proclaimed the first Abbasid Caliph. The capital of the Caliphate will later moved from Damascus to Baghdad, within the territory of the former Persian Empire; this transfer will prove to be a momentous event for Baghdad, which develops into a centre of international trade and culture.

Africa 
 The Ghana Empire begins.

750
Amir al-Mu'minin () is usually translated Commander of the Faithful, but Leader of the Believers might be a better translation. It is the Arabic style of Caliphs and other independent sovereign Muslim rulers that claim legitimacy from a community of Muslims. It has been claimed as the title of rulers in Muslim countries and empires and is still used for some Muslim leaders.

Use
Abu Bakr, the First Rashidun Caliph, is not reported to have ever conferred this title. He had the title of Khalifa Rasulullah rather than Amir al-Mu'minin. On his accession in 634, Umar ibn Khattab, the Second Rashidun Caliph, was given the title. According to At-Tabaqat al Kubra, When Abu Bakr died, Muslims of the time said: “We are the Mu'minin (Believers/Faithful) and Umar is our Amir (Commander).” After this, the title Amir al-Mu'minin was held by Umar ibn Khattab who was also the first caliph to be given this title. Some Shia Muslims claim that Amir al-Mu'minin was used for Ali during Muhammads era. It has also been adopted by various Caliphs of the succeeding Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties, as well as by some contemporary Arab monarchs.

Defunct offices that officially used this title
 Various Caliphs.
 The Taliban leader Mohammed Omar took the title while he was in control of Afghanistan.

References

Islam
Scranton is a city in Pennsylvania. It is the county seat of Lackawanna County. The city had a population of 76,415 people in 2000.

History
Scranton was first settled in 1776 by Lenape Indians.  Over time, settlers from New England began to move to Scranton.  They built mills and other small businesses. The village was known as Slocum Hollow.  In 1845, Scranton started to manufacture iron and steel.  The iron was used for making rails.  Scranton became a leading maker of iron rails. A railroad was founded in 1851. It was built to move iron and coal.

Scranton became a borough in 1856. In 1866, Scranton was made a city when Hyde Park and Providence joined together with the Borough of Scranton.  The city had 35,000 people living in it.  In 1866, a streetcar system was built.  It was the first in the United States.  Scranton got the nickname "The Electric City" because of this.  In the late 1890s, Scranton had several minor league baseball teams.

The United States Census said that Scranton had a population of 102,026 people in the year 1900. This made it the 38th largest city in the United States.  In the 1900s, Scranton was known for its many Victorian-style houses.

In 1901, the iron industry in Scranton moved to Lackawanna, New York.  Scranton lost one of its main industries.  In the next 25 years, many people from Eastern Europe moved to Scranton.  Two years later, the Laurel Line railroad opened up, making it easy to go to Wilkes-Barre, 20 miles South.  After World War II, coal began losing cleaner fuels such as oil and gas.  This caused Scranton to diminish.  There wasn't as much coal being made, and not as many trains passed through.  The streetcar system stopped in 1954, and a year later, the city was flooded after Hurricane Diane.  80 people died. The NYO&W freight railroad stopped going to Scranton in 1957.

The Knox Mine Disaster of 1959 wiped out the mining industry as the Susquehanna River flooded most of the mines in Northeastern Pennsylvania.  The local DL&W railroad, nearly out of money, merged with the Erie Railroad in 1960.  In the 1960s and 1970s, the silk and textile industries was getting smaller as they moved South or overseas.  In the 1970s and 1980s, the downtown shops lay empty as it was best to shop in suburban malls.  However, in the 1980s, the people of Scranton started revitalizing the city.  Old places were marketed as tourist attractions.  There is a historic site commemorating the city's railroad history, a hotel at the former DL&W Railroad station and a trolley museum.  Some more modern attractions are a ski resort, the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees (a minor league baseball team) and a concert venue.  Also, popular sitcom The Office is set in Scranton.

References

County seats in Pennsylvania
 
1856 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in Pennsylvania
Umayya ibn Abd Shams is the man, the clan of Banu Umayyad is named after. Umayya was the adopted son of Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf and the father of Harb ibn Umayya and Abu al-'As.

References 

Muslims
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Abd Manaf ibn Qusai (Arabic: ) is the person, whom the clan of Banu Abd Manaf is named after. His father was Qusai ibn Kilab.

When his father died, he took charge of his work.  He too distinguished himself by his ability, and he was famous for his generosity and good judgment. 

He had five sons: Nawfal, Abd Shams, Hashim (after whom the Banu Hashim clan was named) and Muttalib . Muttalib was younger than Hashim, and became his successor.

Other websites 
al-islam.org 

History of Islam
Muslims
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Events 
 The Umayyad Empire was established.
 In the year 660 the kingdom of Silla invaded the kingdom of Baekje. (see Korea)
 Empress Saimei of Japan makes an order to dispatch a force to the Korean Peninsula to save Baekje.

Births 
 Yamanoue no Okura, Japanese poet (d. 733) (see: Waka)
Ghazi Tehsil is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Haripur District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The tehsil, headquartered at the town of Ghazi, is itself divided into 7 Union Councils.

Tehsils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Haripur Tehsil is an administrative subdivision (tehsil), of Haripur District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The tehsil is administratively subdivided into 37 Union Councils.

References

Tehsils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Lahor is a town and tehsil of Swabi District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The town is a settlement of 35,000 people and is west of Swabi, on the northern bank of the Indus River. Lahor is surrounded by Yar Hussain, Tordher, Ambar and the Indus River.

Tehsils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Mandi Bahauddin Tehsil is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Mandi Bahauddin is the headquarters of the tehsil.

References

Other websites 
 Mandi-Bahauddin 
 Mandi-Bahauddin

Tehsils of Punjab (Pakistan)
The Necronomicon is a fictional book of magic created by the horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. It is a Greek-sounding word commonly translated as "book of dead names".  It is pronounced "neck-ro-nom-ih-kon".  Like most of his ideas, the Necronomicon came to Lovecraft in his dreams.  Lovecraft let his friends write stories about the Necronomicon.  Eventually, fake Necronomicons were written.

Fictional History
According to Lovecraft, the Necronomicon was written in the eighth century by a crazy Arabian man named Abdul Alhazred. Alhazred (who was also fictional) practiced evil magic.  He assembled a collection of evil spells into a manuscript (a book with loose pages and no cover) which he called Al Azif. Lovecraft said this as an Arabian phrase for a scary sound, like a scream.  Later, the original manuscript was translated into Greek.  It was given the title Necronomicon.  Olaus Wormius (a real person) then translated the Greek version into Latin.  John Dee (also real) translated the Necronomicon into English.  Lovecraft liked to mix in real people and places in his fiction.  This made the stories seem more real.  Some people were fooled into thinking what he wrote was true.

"Real" Necronomicons
Since Lovecraft's death, several authors have written their own versions of the Necronomicon. They are the author's imagination of what the Necronomicon would be like, if it were real.  A few claim to be the actual Necronomicon. The most famous case of a "real" Necronomicon is the "Simon" Necronomicon.  Simon is a fake name.  It was published in the 1970s. The "Simon" Necronomicon is based on Sumerian mythology. It has nothing to do with H. P. Lovecraft's fiction. Some people dislike the "Simon" Necronomicon.  They do not like that it pretends to be real.  Sometimes, people believe it to be real.  Simon has written several books about the Necronomicon'''s "discovery". 

Here are some hoax Necronomicons (books that the authors claim are the real Necronomicon):The True Story of the Necronomicon, author unknownGeorge Hay Presents: The Necronomicon, by George HayAl Azif: The Necronomicon, by L. Sprague de Camp

Here are some books that are the authors' imaginations of what the Necronomicon might be like:Necronomicon: The Wandering of Alhazred, by Donald TysonAlhazred: Author of the Necronomicon (a novel about the life of Abdul Alhazred, also by Donald Tyson)Grimoire of the Necronomicon (a book of real spells inspired by the fiction of H. P. Lovecraft, also by Donald Tyson)

Here are all the books by Simon about the Necronomicon:Necronomicon Spellbook (an instruction manual of how to use the Necronomicon's spells safely)Dead Names: The Dark History of the NecronomiconGates of the Necronomicon'' (a book explaining the Walking of the Seven Gates, a long and complicated ritual that all first-time users of the Necronomicon must perform)

Related pages 
 Grimoire

Fiction books
Magic (paranormal)

hu:Howard Phillips Lovecraft#Necronomicon
Occult refers to an area of knowledge or thought that is hidden. The word occult has many uses in the English language. Often it means knowledge that lies outside the range of normal experience or scientific explanation. The term sometimes means knowledge meant only for certain people or knowledge that must be kept hidden. For most occultists it is the study of a deeper spiritual reality.

The term occult is also used as a label given to a number of magical organizations or orders, and the teachings and practices as taught by them. The name also extends to a large body of literature and spiritual philosophy.

Occultism
Occultism is the study of occult. It can involve such subjects as magic (alternatively spelled and defined as magick), extra-sensory perception, astrology, spiritualism, numerology and lucid dreaming. There is often a strong religious element to these studies and beliefs, and many occultists profess adherence to religions such as Gnosticism, Hermeticism, Satanism, Thelema, and Neopaganism. While Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam are generally not considered as occult, some of their modern interpretations can be, such as the interpretation of Hinduism within Theosophy or the various occult interpretations of the Jewish Kabbalah.

Science and the occultism
Alchemy, is considered an occult practice. Alchemy used to be common among scientists, such as Isaac Newton. During the Age of Enlightenment alchemy and science went their separate ways. Newton was accused of introducing occult agencies into natural science when he proposed that gravity was a force capable of acting over vast distances.

Related pages
 Esotericism
 Haunted house
 Spiritual séance

Notes

Other websites 

 Journal of Thelemic Studies  - the first non-partisan, academic journal investigating the occult tradition of Thelema, founded by the infamous Aleister Crowley
 The Occult Lodge  For all things Occult
 University of Amsterdam Center for Study of Western Esotericism
 University of Exeter Centre for the Study of Esotericism (EXESESO)
 ESSWE European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism, with many links to associated organizations, libraries, scholars etc.
 Joseph H. Peterson, Twilit Grotto: Archives of Western Esoterica (Esoteric Archives: Occult Literature)
Athenaeum  (Collection of occult works in PDF Format)
 Inner Quest  All things occult

Occult
Pandemic Studios was a video game developer that was started in 1998. It became owned by Electronic Arts from 2007 to 2009. It was an Australian and American company, with offices in Brisbane and Los Angeles.

Pandemic Studios developed the first two main titles of the successful Star Wars: Battlefront series; those were Star Wars: Battlefront and Star Wars: Battlefront II. It also developed Full Spectrum Warrior, the Mercenaries series, and the last game in the Army Men series.

Their office in Brisbane was closed in February 2009. In November 2009, Electronic Arts cut a total of 1,500 jobs, including at Pandemic. The company was officially closed on 17 November 2009. The rest of the staff were moved to EA Los Angeles to support Mercs Inc, a sequel to the Mercenaries series.

Games developed (made)
Battlezone II (1999)
Dark Reign 2 (2000)
Triple Play 2002 (2002)
Army Men RTS (2002)
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (video game) (2002)
Full Spectrum Warrior (2004)
Star Wars: Battlefront (2004)
Star Wars: Battlefront II (2005)
Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction (2005)
Destroy All Humans! (2005)
Destroy All Humans! 2 (2006)
Mercenaries 2: World in Flames (2008)
The Lord of the Rings: Conquest (2009)
The Saboteur (2009

References

American video game companies
Companies based in Los Angeles
Companies of Australia
Brisbane
A rain dance is a ceremonial dance. It is performed by people who believe it will cause rain and keep their harvest safe. 

Many different types of "rain dances" can be found in many cultures, from Ancient Egypt to certain Native American tribes. In the 20th century Balkans, a ritual known as Paparuda (Romanian) or Perperuna (Slavic) is a type of rain dance.  

The Cherokee tribe, an ethnic Native American tribe from the Southeastern United States used rain dances to both create rain and to remove evil spirits from the earth.  The legend of the tribe says that the rain created has the spirits of the former leaders of the tribe. During the rain, these spirits fight the evil spirits in a place between our reality and the spirit world. These raindances are also seen as acts of worship.

Julia M. Butree in her book,  describes the "Rain Dance of Zuni" and other Native American dances

Feathers and turquoise are worn during the dance. They symbolize wind and rain.  Many traditions of the Rain Dance are passed down through history by people telling their children about them in stories.

Settler times
In an early type of meteorology, Native Americans in the midwestern parts of modern United States often tracked and followed known weather patterns. They would do a raindance for settlers in return for trade items. This is best known to happen among Osage and Quapaw Indian tribes of Missouri and Arkansas.

References

Ritual dances
Superstitions