cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School (also known as PA Cyber) is an online school, made as an alternative to regular schooling. It recently changed its name from the Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School.

Students from Pennsylvania in grades Prekindergarten-12 can attend PA Cyber for free. Students can have classes that are self-paced and classes that are "virtual" where the student participates in a "online classroom".

Other websites 
PA Cyber Website
NNDS Website 
Lincoln Interactive Website

Schools in Pennsylvania
2000 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Pennsylvania
The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is an international organization set up to protect plants, animals and habitats. It was first called the "World Conservation Union." It was started in 1948, with its main office in Gland, Switzerland. The IUCN brings together 83 states, 108 government agencies, 766 Non-governmental organizations and 81 international organizations and about 10,000 experts and scientists from countries around the world.

IUCN's purpose is to influence, encourage and assist countries around the world to conserve the quality and diversity of nature. It also has to make sure that any use of natural resources is fair and  sustainable without harming the earth.

History 
The first Director General of UNESCO, (Sir Julian Huxley) wanted to give UNESCO a more scientific base. He set up a meeting to start a new organisation to protect nature.

At the first meeting at Fontainebleau, France, on 5 October, 1948, 18 governments, seven international organisations, and 107 national nature conservation organisations agreed to form the International Union for the Protection of Nature.

From the start the most important task has been to explore and develop arrangements that can allow development as well as helping people and nations to better preserve their flora and fauna. The ICUN has always argued that needs of local communities, people and nations have to be the main part of a conservation plan. Areas needing protection and threatened species would be best protected:

The IUCN now has offices in many of the nations around the world. It is able to provide the services of a large group of mainly voluntary specialists, providing local level advice and conservation services.

Related pages
 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

References

Other websites 
 IUCN official website
 Friends of World Heritage A non-profit organization that identifies projects that support local tourism activities that can help provide jobs and protect World Heritage sites.
 Review of the 2008 Red List of Threatened Species 

 
1948 establishments
The red-collared lorikeet (Trichoglossus rubritorquis) is a species of lorikeet. It was a subspecies of the rainbow lorikeet, but now they are regarded as separate species. The bird is found living in northern Australia.

Habitat 
The red-collared lorikeet is found in Northern Australia, as far west as Broome, Western Australia, right through the Kimberley region, across the top of the Northern Territory to the bottom of the Cape York Peninsula.

Description 
It is about  long with brightly colored feathers. It is the largest of the Australian lorikeets. The head and the face are blue, and it has an orange to red chest which narrows to a thin colored band around the neck, like a collar. Its wings and tail are green, with some yellow tips on the feathers. The feathers on its abdomen are dark blue to black. It has a red beak, and grey to brown legs and feet. The female is the same as the male but smaller. They can live up to 15 years.

How they live
The bird is nomadic and moves about in large flocks. They feed on eucalyptus flowers, as well as nectar from other flowering plants such as grevilleas, and seeds from grass trees. It is described as being a restless and noisy bird, making a shrill shrieking noise when flying.

Breeding
It builds nests in hollows in eucalyptus trees, usually near a creek. They lay two dull white eggs in the breeding season from August and January or March to June or May to December.

Other websites
 Red-collared lorikeet photos

References

Birds of Australia
Lorikeets
Lee Yun-jeong (b. December 20, 1976) is a South Korean singer and stylist. In 1995, She debuted in the musical world as a singer in Pippi-band, a three person singing group. In 2001, after her second solo album Six sense, she ended her singing career. After singing, She studied fashion design at Central Saint Martins College. After that, she had been active as a stylist for many Korean singer. These include Lee Hyori, Clazziquai, Leessang, Jaurim and Se7en. Lee Yun-jeong was also a stylist at the 2007 Mnet Korean Music Festival (MKMF). She created the design for the opening stage from clothes to props. She has appeared as a coordinator and stylist at M.net's television program Trend Repot Feel. 

In 2008, she made EE, an arts performance team. The team uses music, art, fashion and dance in its performance. The name of the team, EE, symbolizes many acronyms beginning with the letter E such as Eternity, 'Entertainment and Everybody. EE was created in an effort to perform all the genres available at the same time. Its first performance was named Curiosity Kills.

Album 
 The Cultural Revolution (문화혁명) (1995) - Pippi Band
 Impossible mission (불가능한 작전) (1996) - Pippi Band
 Bung Er BBang (붕어빵) (1996) - Pippi Band, Remake album
 Evolution (진화) (1997)
 Six sense (육감, 六感) (2001)
 The Complete Best 1995~1997 (2004) - Pippi Band, Best album
 Curiosity Kills (2008) - EE
 pppb (2014) - Pippi Band, EP album

References

Profile at Nate.com 
Profile at Naver.com
Curiosity Kills at Naver music

Living people
1976 births
South Korean singers
People from Seoul
Hearts of Iron (HOI) is a grand strategy real-time simulation game developed by Paradox Interactive in Sweden.

Series
Four series have been published:

 Hearts of Iron
 Hearts of Iron 2
 Hearts of Iron 2 Doomsday
 Hearts of Iron 2 Doomsday Armageddon
 Hearts of Iron 3
 Hearts of Iron 4

In this game, the player has all military authority over their selected nation. World War II is the background of this game. So the player can select all nations that existed when WW2 occurred. The player’s goal is surviving in the historical flood of WW2 and conquering the world. In order to survive in the game, the player has to develop his/her nation’s technology level and organize the nation’s economy for war. And, because each political regime has different characteristics in the process of war, a political statement can be important too. However, because this game is a war game, the most important thing is making the army, navy, and air force, and controlling them to make your nation larger.

Real-time strategy video games
Video games developed in Sweden
Lee Min Ho () is a South Korean global actor, born on June 22nd, 1987 in Heukseok-dong, Seoul.

In a short span of his acting career, he became a most popular actor worldwide.

He made his debut in 2006 through a EBS TV drama Secret Campus and became popular across Asia in Boys over flowers (2009), then he gained fame in Europe with City hunter (2011) and also became popular in African continent with his drama The King: Eternal Monarch (2020).

He is the first Korean celebrity to have a wax figure made in his image at Madame Tussauds in 2013 and Grevin Museum Paris in 2018.

Profile

Drama 

 2020 Netflix "The King: Eternal Monarch as "The King: Lee Gon"
 2016 SBS " Legend of the Blue Sea" as "Jeo Joon Jae"
 2013 SBS  The Heirs (상속자들) as Kim Tan ( 김탄)
 2012 SBS  Faith
 2011 SBS  City Hunter  (시티헌터) as  Lee Yoon-seong (이윤성)
 2010 MBC  Personal Taste (개인의 취향) as Jeon Jin Ho
 2009 KBS2 Boys Over Flowers (꽃보다 남자) as Gu Jun Pyo (구준표)
 2008 MBC I Don’t Know Well Either (나도 잘 모르지만) as Min Wook Gi (민욱기)
 2007 SBS I Am Sam (아이엠샘) as Mo Se Hur (허모세)
 2007 SBS Run Mackerel (달려라 고등어) as Gong Chan Cha(차공찬)
 2006 EBS Secret Campus (비밀의 교정) as Doo Hyun Park (박두현)

Movies 

 2008 Our School’s E.T. (울학교 이티) as Sang Hoon Oh(오상훈)
 2008 Public Enemy Returns (강철중 공공의 적) as Jung Ha Yeon (정하연)

CF 
 Pepsi NEX
 CASS 2X
 ETUDE HOUSE
 Dunkin’ Donuts
 Levi Strauss Signature
 Market O
 LG Telecom Teenring
 Trugen
 Toyota Camry
 12 Plus Shower Cream
 Bang Bang
 Bench
 Binggrae Banana Milk
 Cadillac CTS
 Cartier Love Summer Exhibition
 Cantata Coffee
 Eider
 Hyundai Veloster
 Innisfree
 Jangin Furniture
 KTF
 LG Optimus One
 Lotte 7% Glucose Drink
 Lotte Pie
 Lotte When lacking 2% Drink
 Lotte World
 NHN Me2day
 Pizza Hut
 Samsung Anycall Haptic Mission
 Samsung Anycall Magic Hole
 Semir

Album 
 2009 Extreme (Single)
 2009 My Everything (Single)

Awards 

 The 45th BaekSang Arts Awards: Best New Actor for Boys Over Flowers
 MTN Broadcast Advertisement Festival: Most Popular Advertisement Model for Trugen Commercial
 Best Commercial Star Award
 KBS Drama Awards: Male Rookie Award for Boys Over Flowers
 KBS Drama Awards: Best Couple Award with Ku Hye Sun for Boys Over Flowers
 Mnet 20's Choice Awards: Hot Actor
 MBC Drama Awards: Excellence Award for Personal Taste
 Korea Drama Festival Awards: Best Actor Award for City Hunter
 Korea Drama Festival Awards: Hallyu Star Award for City Hunter
 SBS Drama Awards: Top Ten Stars Award for City Hunter
 SBS Drama Awards: Netizen Popularity Award for City Hunter
 SBS Drama Awards: Top Excellence Award, Drama Special, Actor for City Hunter

References 

 MINOZ
 http://www.starhaus.co.kr

Other websites 
 Official website 
 Starhaus Entertainment website
 Cyworld homepage 
 Boys Over Flowers official website 
 Official Japanese website

Living people
1987 births
South Korean movie actors
South Korean television actors
People from Seoul
The Pentaport Rock Festival is a rock festival in South Korea. It is held each year in Incheon for three days in the last week of July.  Bands from many genres of music perform.

The name of this festival comes from five philosophical themes of the festival: music, , the environment, DIY (Do it yourself), and friendship.  The festival started in 2006 and has many well-known musicians perform.  The 2006 festival had Jason Mraz and The Black Eyed Peas. In 2007, L'Arc-en-Ciel and Muse performed at the festival. Ellegarden and Travis played in 2008. In 2012 the headliners were Manic Street Preachers, Snow Patrol and Baekdoosan.

References

Rock festivals
South Korean culture
Festivals in Asia
Incheon
2006 establishments in Asia
2000s establishments in South Korea
WJAC-TV is the local NBC channel in the Johnstown-Altoona-State College, Pennsylvania area. It is owned by Cox Enterprises, which also owns WPXI-TV in nearby Pittsburgh.

History 
WJAC-TV first appeared on television on September 15, 1949. It was originally owned by Johnstown Automotive Company. It was originallly on channel 13 before moving to channel 6 in 1952. In the 1960s, Johnstown Automotive sold the television station to The Tribune-Democrat. In 1997 it was sold to Sunrise Television, which later became part of Cox in 2000.

Other websites 
WJACTV.com - WJAC Website

American television stations
Pennsylvania
1949 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Pennsylvania
WPXI (also known as WPXI-TV) is the NBC television station in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is owned by Cox Enterprises.

History
On September 1, 1957, WPXI first signed onto television as WIIC-TV.

Bill Cardille was the first to appear on this channel. Some of the first television shows to air on WIIC-TV included Studio Wrestling and Chiller Theatre

In 1964, the station was sold to current owner Cox Enterprises.

In 1981, the name was changed to WPXI-TV (Pittsburgh 11, with XI being the Roman numeral sign for 11). The WIIC is still used in Pittsburgh, but on a smaller and less known channel showing music videos.

Other websites
WPXI Web site

American television stations
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1957 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in Pennsylvania
Jacques-Louis David (30 August 1748 – 29 December 1825) was both a politician and an artist who lived during the French Revolution. As a politician, he is most famous for being one of the handful of leaders that governed France during the most violent part of the French Revolution. David believed that France should not have a monarchy and instead it should be a Republic. He voted to have the King of France Louis XVI killed with the guillotine. When the French Revolution began to fail, David was happy that Napoleon Bonaparte became Emperor of France.

As a painter, Jacques-Louis David wanted artwork to be political. He often painted heroes from myths or history that he believed represented good ideals such as strength, brotherhood, and virtue. His paintings are very realistic and often portray heroes from Ancient Greece and Rome. This is called the Neoclassical style of painting. 
One of David's most famous paintings is of his best friend Jean-Paul Marat who was killed during the French Revolution. David's painting helped make Marat into a popular martyred hero.

Gallery of his art

Related pages 
 List of French painters

1748 births
1825 deaths

French politicians
People of the French Revolution
Popsicle is a popular brand of ice pop in the United States and Canada. It is made of colored, flavored ice on a wooden stick. The brand name includes more than 30 different versions of the snack.

History 
The Popsicle was accidentally invented in 1905 by 11-year-old Frank Epperson. Epperson left a mixture of powdered soda and water and a stirring stick in a cup on his porch. That night San Francisco went through unusually low temperatures, and Epperson awoke the next morning to find a frozen pop that would eventually become a favorite American snack.

At first, Epperson named his frozen snack the "Epsicle", and it became popular with his school friends. In 1923, while running a lemonade stand at an amusement park in Oakland, California, Epperson realized that he could earn money from his invention. Epperson changed the name of his treat to "Popsicle", after his children always asked for "Pop’s ’sicle", and signed up for a patent. The patent for frozen ice on a stick was issued August 19, 1924.

Around 1925, Epperson sold the popsicle rights to the brand name Popsicle to the Joe Lowe Company in New York. By 1928, Epperson had earned royalties on more than 60 million Popsicle ice pops.

Other websites
Popsicle History 

Desserts
WGAL NBC television channel in the Lancaster/Harrisburg/York (Susquehanna Valley) area. It can be viewed on channel 8. Its studios are located in Lancaster, PA.

History
WGAL-TV first appeared on television on March 18, 1949 on channel 4 as the fourth television station in Pennsylvania. It was owned by the Steinman family, owners of WGAL radio (1490 AM) and Lancaster's two major newspapers. At the time, Lancaster was the smallest city in the country with its own television station. On 31 December 1952 WGAL moved to its current location on channel 8. On January 1, 1954 WGAL showed its first color television program, the Tournament of Roses Parade. WGAL has always been an NBC television station, but also carried some programs from CBS, DuMont, and ABC until 1963. The Steinmans sold WGAL-TV to Pulitzer in late 1978. Pulitzer sold WGAL-TV to Hearst-Argyle Television in 1999. The change took place on March 18, the station's 50th anniversary.

References

Other websites
WGAL Homepage
WGAL's 60th Anniversary

American television channels
NBC
Silvio Sergio Bonaccorsi Barbato (born Candeias (Minas Gerais) (Brazil), 11 May 1959; died either in or over the mid-Atlantic Ocean, on the Air France Flight 447, 1 June 2009) was an Italian-Brazilian opera conductor and composer.

Life 
He studied conducting at the University of Brasília and composition in Milan. He started his conducting career when he was 25 with a performance of Puccini's opera Tosca. He also helped to bring other operas to places in the middle of the Brazilian rainforest. He directed the music in a film about the Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos called Uma Vida di Paixao (A Life of Passion). In Rio de Janeiro he conducted operas which included world-famous singers such as Montserrat Caballé, Robert Alagna and Angela Gheorghiu. He also conducted choral works such as Berlioz's L'enfant du Christ.

Barbato was travelling to Kiev where he was due to conduct and teach. He was on board an Air France aeroplane flying from Rio de Janeiro to Paris early on 1 June 2009 when it mysteriously crashed over the Atlantic Ocean.

References 
 Obituary "The Daily Telegraph" 6 June, 2009 p.33

1959 births
2009 deaths
Aviation deaths
Brazilian people
Italian conductors
Minas Gerais
Sexual fetishism (also erotic fetishism or fetish) is sexual arousal caused by an object or body part that is not normally thought of as sexual. The term was made in the late 1800s by Alfred Binet.

Examples of common or well-known fetishes include feet and footwear (shoes, socks), rubber, bondage, furry or cross-dressing.

Partialism

Partialism is a type of sexual fetishism where the sexual want of a body part is more than the sexual want of the person who has the body part. Martin Kafka states that partialism is not exactly the same as fetishism, although common use does not agree.

References 

Human sexuality
Hendrick Motorsports is a race team in NASCAR owned by Rick Hendrick. Chase Elliott, William Byron, Kyle Larson, and Alex Bowman all drive for this team. Hendrick Motorsports has won 10 Monster Energy MASCAR Cup Series championships.

References

NASCAR
Roush Fenway Racing is a NASCAR team owned by Jack Roush and John W. Henry. This team owns race cars that race in the NASCAR Sprint Cup, Nationwide Series, Camping World Truck Series, and the ARCA RE/MAX Series.  Roush Fenway Racing has won two Sprint Cup championships with Kurt Busch  and Matt Kenseth.

NASCAR
A photo booth is a vending machine that takes instant photos. After you pay, usually in coins, a computer-based screen and often a recorded voice will tell you when the picture will be taken, how many shots will be taken and when the photo is developed.

Anatol Josepho invented the first self-automated photo booth in 1925. Photo booths began as black and white, film-based machines to fully coloured, digitalised machines.

There are many types of photo booths today that offer different sizes and kinds of photos such as passport photos and photos for identification. Also, some photo booths give you a number of tools you can use to create different features for your photos. Sticker photos are a good example. Sticker photos are instant photos printed on sticker-based material. After you take your picture, you can change backgrounds the tone or the color of the photo and insert letters and symbols. Invented in Japan, photo sticker booths are especially popular in Asian countries among teens and grown-ups alike.

Nowadays, the term photo booth also refers to Apple's photography program that features editing tool such as black-and-white, pencil and comic book.

 

Photography
Commerce
The Busan International Film Festival (BIFF, previously Pusan International Film Festival, PIFF), is one of the biggest movie festivals that is held in Busan, South Korea. It has been held every year since 1996. Although the name of Pusan changed to Busan, the festival committee decided to keep the name for the PIFF's authority. Every year, millions of people participate in this festival. They do this because many movie stars come to the festival. It is also the first international movie festival in Korea. PIFF promotes the culture and art of Busan internationally. It also helps Korean movies be known to the world movie market, and finds talented movie directors.

Movie festivals
Busan
Festivals in Asia
1996 establishments in Asia
1990s establishments in South Korea
Oscar Emmanuel Peterson (August 15, 1925 – December 23, 2007) was a Canadian jazz pianist. Peterson won seven Grammy Awards and was put into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1978. His career lasted for more than 65 years.

He was born in Montreal, where his father taught him to play the piano. While at high school he had lessons with a Hungarian classical pianist, Paul de Marky.

References

Other websites 
Oscar Peterson and Andre Previn - A mix of stories and music on BBC Channel 4
An album "We Get Requests" (1964) by the Oscar Peterson Trio at YouTube

1925 births
2007 deaths
Canadian musicians
Deaths from renal failure
Jazz pianists
People from Montreal
The Wonder Girls are a South Korean girl group. The Wonder Girls debuted on February 10th, 2007 on Show! Music Core, singing "Irony", the single from their debut mini-album, The Wonder Begins. The mini-album went on to become a minor hit, selling 11,454 copies in 2007. The main producer was Jin-young Park, the leader of JYP entertainment. Wonder Girls is the first female group from JYP entertainment since it was established.  Each of the five original members were selected through auditions.
The members are Yoo Bin, Ye Eun, Sun Ye, Hye Rim and So Hee. Former member 김현아 (Kim Hyuna) left in June 2007 due to health problems, and Sun Mi left in January 2010 to pursue her education. Now Sun Ye has left and Sun Mi Has rejoined.

Sohee has become a successful actress after leaving Wonder Girls.

In 2017, Yeeun and Sunmi left JYP Entertainment, resulting in the group's disbandment.

Former members

Timeline

References

Other websites

 Wonder Girls Official Korean Site 
 Wonder Girls Official English Site 
 Official Wonder Girls MySpace

South Korean musical groups
K-pop music groups
2007 establishments in South Korea
All About Lily Chou-Chou is a Japanese movie made in 2001. The theme of this movie is Ijime(bullying). With this material, Shunji Iwai, the director, tried to describe teenagers’ sensibility and anguishes. In the movie, there is violence, bullying, rapes, suicide, murder, sympathy, confusion, and music. The entire mood is dark. Although Iwai chose this movie as his best for now and his style is well reflected, it can be hard for audiences to truly sympathize with the movie because it is lacking consideration of general audiences.

The plot
In the movie, a boy named Yuichi Hasumi loves Lily Chou-Chou’s songs. Lily Chou-Chou is an imaginary singer who plays an odd music in this movie, and her fans communicate with each other through internet site named ‘Lily-holic.’ Another fan of Lily Chou-Chou, Shusuke Hoshino, once a friend of Yuichi, was a quiet and sincere student. However, during a trip to Okiwana, he experienced some traumatic accidents related to death and his characteristics completely changes. He starts to torment other students including Yuichi. Yuichi wants to stop him but he doesn’t know how to do so and he cannot help assisting Hoshino’s misdeeds. The only solace Yuichi can find is Lily Chou-Chou’s songs.

Japanese movies
2001 movies
John Galliano, also known as Juan Carlos Antonio Galliano-Guillén (born on November 28, 1960 in Gibraltar) is a world-renowned British fashion designer. After studying design at St. Martin's School of Art in London, he sold his French Revolution-inspired graduation collection to a London retailer shop. He launched his own line in 1984. From 1995 to 1996 he designed haute couture and ready-to-wear at the House of Givenchy. In 1996, he was appointed creative director of Christian Dior. Being in charge of Dior and his own label, he designs for six collections a year plus a mid-season line under his label "G Galliano". In 2001 Galliano was made a Commander of the British Empire. In March 2011 he was sacked from Dior because anti-semitic remarks which he made appeared on the internet, and were being investigated by the police in Paris.

Galliano's historically influenced designs are an adaptation of traditional styles into highly contemporary pieces. His shows are theatrical and his runway tableau are often likened to performance art. Thirties-influenced chiffon cut on the bias is among Galliano's signatures, as are imaginative hats. He is known for his end-of-show looks, where he stuns his audience with eccentric, avant-garde appearances in continuance with the show's inspiration.

Galliano also owns other product lines like eyewear, fragrances, jeans, lingerie and shoes. Since 2004, Galliano has collaborated with Diptyque, creating scented candles.

Galliano is openly gay.

References

Other websites 
 John Galliano Official website
 John Galliano - Biography 

1960 births
Living people
British fashion designers
British LGBT people
Gibraltar
LGBT fashion designers
Sasuke Uchiha is a fictional character from the manga series Naruto, which depicts a world of ninjas. He is an important character in the manga due to the fact that the story basically revolves around Naruto, the main character, and Sasuke, Naruto's rival. Sasuke is a very popular character, there have been many polls that prove this. Merchandise based on Sasuke has also been released, ranging widely from action figures to plush dolls and even to his ninja equipment. Sasuke has also appeared in Naruto related video games and OVAs.

Background 
Sasuke is a member of the Uchiha Clan, one of the strongest clans of the village of Konoha (Also known as the hidden leaf village). When Sasuke was a little boy, he saw his older brother kill their parents. Itachi Uchiha, Sasuke’s older brother, told Sasuke that he also killed all of the other clan members to see if he was a strong ninja but that he will save Sasuke’s life because it was not even worth killing. From then on, Sasuke lived a lonely life full of hatred and destined to walk a path of an “Avatar of Revenge” and kill his brother. However, these feelings seemed to be alleviated when he befriended Naruto Uzumaki after graduating Ninja Academy. As they were working together in a team as “Genin" (which means rookie ninja), Naruto showed him what friendship and companionship were.

This ended with Sasuke's encounter with his brother. After battling Itachi, Sasuke realized that he lacked both the strength and intelligence to kill him. Later Sasuke leaves Naruto and Konoha to go to Orochimaru, one of the main antagonists of the series, to learn advanced ninja techniques and to be trained as a stronger ninja. Through mastering “Level Two of the Cursed Seal,” a restricted ninja technique, Sasuke obtains extraordinary power, thanks to is former master. Eventually, Sasuke defeats and kills his older brother only to find out that the order to massacre the Uchiha Clan was made by the elders of Konoha because the clan was destroying the peace of the entire village. However, Itachi could not kill his little brother because he loved Sasuke too much. In order for Sasuke to become able to protect himself, Itachi told Sasuke to live a life of anger and revenge which would stimulate Sasuke’s progress and allow him to become a strong ninja. After hearing about his brother, Sasuke turns his anger toward Konoha and decides to destroy the village.

Naruto is a weekly cartoon and has not ended even to this day. The adventures of Sasuke continue. The story now focuses on the reunion of the two rivals, Naruto and Sasuke. The two friends' goals conflict in that Naruto wants to protect Konoha, whereas, Sasuke plans to destroy it.

References

Further reading
Kishimoto, Masashi (2000). "Chapter 4". Naruto, Volume 1. 
Kishimoto, Masashi (2003). "Chapter 145". Naruto, Volume 17. 
Kishimoto, Masashi (2003). "Chapter 146". Naruto, Volume 17.
Kishimoto, Masashi (2004). "Chapter 179". Naruto, Volume 20. 

Naruto characters
Amar Shonar Bangla (bn. আমার সোনার বাংলা, pron. [amar ʃonar baŋla]; en. "My Golden Bengal") is the national anthem of Bangladesh. Adopted in 1972, the lyrics (words) were written by Rabindranath Tagore in 1909 and the music was composed by Gagan Harkara in 1889.

History
It was originally an ode to Bangamata ('Mother Bengal'); the music is based on the melody of the folk song Āmi Kōthāy Pabo Tarē. The modern instrumental rendition was arranged by Samar Das.

Lyrics

Bengali original
Only the first two stanzas (which are highlighted in bold) are officially part of the anthem.

English translation
My golden Bengal, I love you.
Forever thy skies, thy air set my heart in tune as if it were a flute,
O mother! The aroma of the mango orchard in Falgun drives me crazy,
Ah, what a thrill!
O mother! In Ogrohayon time sees sweet smiles all through mature fields of paddy.

What beauty, what shades, what affection, what tenderness!
What a quilt have thee spread at the feet of banyan trees and along the bank of every river,
Oh mother mine, words from thy lips are like nectar to my ears.
Ah, what a thrill!
If sadness, O mother! casts a gloom on your face, my eyes are filled with tears!

Spending my childhood in your playhouse
Your dirt and soil smeared all over my body, I consider myself privileged.
The wonderful lamp you light up at dusk,
Ah, what a thrill!
I quit play and sprint back to your lap at once, O mother!

In the cattle grazing field, on the pier for crossing stream,
Shaded village walkways, serene with calling birds,
Open porch with heaped ripe paddy my life goes on.
Ah, what a thrill!
All your shepherds and farmers are my brothers.

This time I offer my head beneath your feet,
Bless me with your dust, I shall be obliged to flaunt overhead.
I shall offer you meagrely whatever I have at home,
Ah, what a thrill!
Never bother to buy you, from others, a hanging rope disguised as a crown.

Other websites
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxhE2nQ3Mqw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-S2TbQLGRU

References 

Bangladesh
National anthems
Shin Seung-hun is a South Korean singer. He was at the top in the 1990s in the Republic of Korea. He is remembered as the "Emperor of Ballads". He made his debut in 1990 with his first album. As soon as he released his first album, he went to the top of the Korean broadcasting music chart. His album became a million seller. And his first album had won Korea's main award, the Golden Disk Award. In 1991, he released his second album, "Invisible Love". Through this album he got his nickname, "Emperor of Ballads". With this album, he was at the top of the MBC music chart for eleven weeks, and the SBS music chart for fourteen weeks. That is in the Guinness Book of World Records. This album also won a Golden Disk Award.

His first seven albums were all million sellers. And his all formula album, all 10 albums, had won the main award or the greatest award in the Golden Disk Award. He is the singer who had been at the top the most times in Korea's 1990s. And he is also a composer. He composed all his albums' title songs, and he is the composer who composed the song which had been at the top the most times. And his accumulated album sales is fifteen million. He is still actively performing and working today.

South Korean singers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Aldgate tube station is a London Underground station at Aldgate in the City of London.

The station is on the Circle Line between Tower Hill and Liverpool Street. It is also the eastern terminus of the Metropolitan line. It is in Travelcard Zone 1, and its ticket office is part-time only.

Platforms 1 and 4 at Aldgate are two of the only three platforms on the network to be served exclusively by the Circle Line (the other being Platform 2 at Gloucester Road). All other Circle Line platforms are shared by the District, Metropolitan and/or Hammersmith & City Lines.

In literature

Aldgate tube station is important in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes story The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans.
In the story, Cadogan West is found dead on the tracks near the station. We later know that the body was placed on top of the train before its arrival at the station.

Gallery

Related pages
List of London Underground stations

References 

Circle line stations
Metropolitan line stations
Tube stations in the City of London
Aldgate East is a London Underground station. It is between Aldgate and Whitechapel in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

The station is in Travelcard Zone 1. It is on the Hammersmith & City Line between Liverpool Street and Whitechapel, and the District Line between Tower Hill and Whitechapel.

Image gallery

Related pages
List of London Underground stations

References

Other websites 

 London's Abandoned Tube Stations - Aldgate East

District line stations
Hammersmith & City line stations
Transport in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
London Travelcard zone 1
All Saints DLR station is a station on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) in East London. It is named after the neaby All Saints, Poplar, a church dating from 1821-3. The station entrance is on the East India Dock Road, opposite Chrisp Street Market.

References 
 Listed as All Saints LRT station

Other websites 

 Docklands Light Railway website - All Saints station page
 Map of Poplar, 1885.
 Photograph of the platform at All Saints

London Travelcard zone 2
Docklands Light Railway stations
Alperton is a London Underground station on the Uxbridge branch of the Piccadilly Line.  The station is between Sudbury Town and Park Royal. It is on Ealing Road (A4089 road) a short distance from the junction with Bridgewater Road (A4005) and is close to Alperton Bus Garage and the Paddington branch of the Grand Union Canal. The station is in Travelcard Zone 4.

Services
The typical off-peak service is a train in each direction every ten minutes. Half of northbound trains terminate at Rayners Lane and the other half continue to the terminus of the line at Uxbridge.

References

Other websites

London's Transport Museum Photographic Archive 

 Showing structure of reinforced concrete roof

 With appearance marred by rooftop safety barriers

Piccadilly line stations
Transport in the London Borough of Brent
London Travelcard zone 4
Kurt Thomas Busch (born August 4, 1978) is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Race car driver from Las Vegas, Nevada. He drives the No. 1 Chevrolet for Chip Ganassi Racing. Busch has raced for Roush Fenway Racing, Penske Racing, Stewart-Haas Racing and Phoenix Racing. He has won one NASCAR Sprint Cup Championship, which he won in 2004. In 2014, Busch raced in the Indianapolis 500, where he finished in sixth place. The Indianapolis 500 was Kurt Busch's first try at racing in the IndyCar Series.

References

1978 births
Living people
NASCAR drivers
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Las Vegas, Nevada
The strike zone is the area over home plate through which a pitch must pass to be called a strike, roughly between the batter's armpits and knees. The Strike Zone shall be determined from the batter's stance as the batter is prepared to swing at a pitched ball. The strike zone in baseball is a tricky subject as the strike zone changes with each batter. Accordingly, there is no "automatic" strike zone and much of what is a strike or not a strike is left to the judgement of the home plate umpire.

In short, the strike zone extends from the batters' knees to the letters across the front of his uniform.
To be called a strike, the pitcher must throw the baseball across home plate, an area 17 inches wide (0.4318 meters), and between the knees and letters as indicated.
In professional baseball, a player who stands 5' 6" tall (1.67 meters), for example, will have a much smaller strike zone that will a 6' 4" (1.93 meters) homerun hitter.
Moreover, the focus is not on where the ball is caught by the catcher, but rather where the ball is as it passes the front of home plate.

Related pages
At bat

References
Strike Zone MLB website.
John Walsh, "Strike Zone: Fact vs. Fiction," The Hardball Times, July 11, 2007.

Baseball rules
Team Penske is a auto racing team the IndyCar Series and NASCAR. The team is owned by Roger Penske. Penske Racing has one Indy Racing League championship and several more in other forms of open wheel racing

IndyCar
Team Penske joined the IndyCar circuit in 1968 with driver Mark Donahue, who won the team's first race at Indianapolis in 1972. By the late 1980s, the team had become one of the highest rated in IndyCar, and hired drivers like Emerson Fittipaldi, Rick Mears, and Al Unser Jr. to name three. In the early 1990s, Penske won many races and has continued to be a force in the series ever since. In 2003, they switched to the Indy Racing League, now known as the IndyCar Series, and hired Sam Hornish Jr. and Gil de Ferran to drive. Both won championships. Even though Penske has not won a championship since 2006, the team is always one of the fastest in the series. In 2014, their drivers will be Juan Pablo Montoya who left NASCAR to move to open wheel racing, three time Indy 500 winner Hélio Castroneves, and top ranked Australian driver Will Power. The team's headquarters are in Mooresville, North Carolina.

NASCAR 
Team Penske also runs a NASCAR team, which used to be called Penske Racing South until last year. Although this team has not been as successful as Penske's IndyCar program, it has had some big wins. Ryan Newman won the Daytona 500 for Penske in 2008 and Brad Keselowski won a Sprint Cup title while driving for the team in 2012. Keselowski will be joined by Joey Logano at the team in 2014.In 2018 Ryan Blaney joins in the 3rd car the 12. Joey Logano won the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Championship in 2018.

Other Motorsport Activities 
Penske was involved in Formula 1 in the 1970s, with John Watson as their most famous driver. Penske also had a highly successful sports car program in the 2000s. This team ran Porsche sports cars with great success. Their drivers included Timo Bernhard, Romain Dumas, and Sacha Maassen. Penske stopped running this team in 2009.

Drivers 
 Juan Pablo Montoya
 Hélio Castroneves
 Will Power
 Brad Keselowski
 Joey Logano

References

NASCAR
Formula One constructors
1968 establishments
2009 disestablishments
IndyCar Series
Chupa Chups is a Spanish confectionery company which was started in 1957. Enric Bernat had the idea of caramel on a stick because many children ate a lot of caramels and this caused their hands to get dirty. The company had much success.  

Chupa Chups was sold outside of Spain in the 1970s. It now does business in over 150 countries. These include Russia, Japan, Germany, Mexico, Australia and the United States. 
 
Chupa Chups began with seven flavours. This number has grown since then.

The logo of the company is a daisy with the name of the company inside. It was an designed by Salvador Dalí in 1969.

References

Other websites 
 Chupa Chups site

Companies of Spain
Food companies of Europe
BIGBANG (, ) is a Korean boy band. The current members of the group are G-Dragon, Taeyang, T.O.P and Daesung. Former member Seungri left the group and the entertainment industry in 2019. Since their debut in 2006, they have become one of the most popular groups in Korea. BIGBANG has been praised numerous times for their musical talent. The group was planning a comeback in 2020 with a performance at the Coachella festival, however it was cancelled because of the Coronavirus.

Members
 G-Dragon (Kwon Jiyong ) - Leader, Main Rapper, Vocalist,  Dancer, Face Of The Group
 T.O.P (Choi Seung-hyun ) - Lead Rapper, Vocalist, Visual
 Taeyang (Dong Young-bae ) - Main Vocalist, Main Dancer
 Daesung (Kang Daesung ) -  Lead Vocalist
 Seungri (Former member, 2006-2019) (Lee Seung-hyun ) - Vocalist,  Lead Dancer, Maknae

Discography

Singles
"First Single"  - August 28, 2006
"BigBang is V.I.P"  - September 28, 2006
"Bigbang 03"  - November 21, 2006
"My Heaven"  - June 24, 2009
"Gara Gara GO!!"  - July 8, 2009
"Let Me Hear Your Voice"  - November 4, 2009
"Tell Me Goodbye"  - June 9, 2010
"Beautiful Hangover"  - August 25, 2010
"Alive"  - March 28, 2012

EPs (mini albums)
Always  - August 16, 2007
Hot Issue  - November 22, 2007
For The World  - January 4, 2008
With U  - May 28, 2008
Stand Up  - August 8, 2008
Tonight  - February 24, 2011
Alive  - February 29, 2012

Albums
Bigbang Vol.1  - December 21, 2006
Number 1  - October 22, 2008
Remember  - November 5, 2008
BIGBANG  - August 19, 2009
BIGBANG 2  - May 12, 2011
Alive  - March 28, 2012

Concert albums
1st Live Concert Album - The Real - February 8, 2007
2nd Live Concert Album - The Great - February 29, 2008
2009 Big Bang Concert Live Album - Big Show - April 22, 2009
2010 Big Bang Concert Live Album - Big Show - June 23, 2010
MADE -2015

References

Other websites 

  
  
 Information about Korean artists 
 
 Big Bang's channel on YouTube

South Korean boy bands
K-pop music groups
2006 establishments in Asia
2000s establishments in South Korea
Hélio Castroneves (born Hélio Castro Neves; May 10, 1975) is a Brazilian racecar driver. Until 2020, Castroneves raced for Team Penske in the IndyCar Series. He has won the Indy 500 four times. Castroneves won Dancing with the Stars in 2007 with his partner Julianne Hough. Castroneves drove for Team Penske since he entered the Indycar series in the late 1990s. Even though he has many race wins, Castroneves has never won an IndyCar Series championship. Castroneves lives in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

Racing Career 
Castroneves was born and raised in Brazil and was successful in karting there. He moved to Europe to keep racing and was a top driver in British Formula 3, which many racing experts say is a "stepping stone" to a career in a higher series such as F1 or IndyCar. He began racing in the United States in what was then the CART series in the late 1990s and struggled at first. However, in 2000, he got a big break when Team Penske signed him after Greg Moore, who the team originally wanted to drive for them, died in a racing accident in 1999. He joined the team in 2000 and has remained there ever since. In 2001, he won the Indianapolis 500, one of the most important events in the racing world. At the event, he famously climbed the protective fence at the side of the track. The following year he won again in a very controversial finish where it wasn't clear whether Castroneves or rival Paul Tracy had won. Castroneves was declared the winner, but many people believe Tracy was the rightful winner. Tracy has not gotten along with Castroneves since then and has called him a "two time winner", leaving out his 2002 win. Castroneves has always been a top driver and finished second in IndyCar Series points in 2008. The following year he won the Indy 500 for a third time. In 2009, the IRS charged Castroneves with tax evasion. After a trial, Castroneves was acquitted by a jury.

References

1975 births
Living people
Brazilian racecar drivers
Changdeokgung is one of the five grand palaces in South Korea. They are Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, Deoksugung, Changgyunggung, and Gyeonghuigung. The five grand palaces were not built at the same time. Changdeokgung was built as the secondary palace next to Gyeongbokgung. The construction began by King Taejong, the Third King of the Joseon Dynasty, in 1405. Taking 7 years to complete, it was finished in the year 1412.

The word Changdeokgung means 'the palace of prospering virtue'. Because of the meaning of the name of the palace, the kings of Joseon Dynasty chose mostly Changdeokgung to live in.

The palace had been the home of 14 kings of Joseon Dynasty until it was totally destroyed by the Japanese army in the year 1592. After the Japanese were driven back by the combined forces of Korea and China, Changdeokgung was rebuilt in 1612. After the reconstruction, the palace had suffered little damage and became the primary royal court of the Joseon Dynasty. This was because Gyeongbokgung was also destroyed by the Japanese but the Joseon Dynasty did not rebuild it for some reason and the Changdeokgung became the biggest palace in Korea.

However, Changdeokgung had suffered some damage for 350 years after the reconstruction. As a result, a large scale restoration took palace from 1990 to 1999. This restoration shows how much the Korean people loved Changdeokgung. Apparently, the UNESCO saw its value as well. Seeing Changdeokgung as a vital global asset, UNESCO listed it as a World Cultural Heritage. The UNESCO said that Changdukgung 'was outstanding example of Far Eastern palace architecture and garden design'.

Changdeokgung is in a park in Seoul, the capital city of South Korea.  There are total of 13 buildings remaining in all and the area is designated as Historical Site No. 122. Tourists from all around the world visit this historic site. Changdeokgung is also an enjoyable park for families to spend their weekends.

Palaces
Buildings and structures in Seoul
World Heritage Sites in South Korea
Korea University is a private university in Seoul, South Korea. Along with Seoul National University and Yonsei University, KU is one of the three most renowned universities in the country, collectively known as 'SKY.'

Founded in 1905 with the struggle against Japanese colonialism as a historical background, Korea University holds its legacy with highly national values as priorities. These days, however, an emphasis on internationalism and globalization is also becoming an important value that KU pursues.

Korea University has 81 academic departments, and is most well known for its law school, business school, and college of education. 
It has many notable alumni, including the former President of the Republic of Korea Lee Myung-bak and former mayor of Seoul Oh Se-hoon. 
Cha Bum-Kun, famous football manager and former player (nicknamed Tscha Bum), graduated from KU.
In 2009, famous figure skater Kim Yu-Na entered Korea University as a physical education major. 
About 28,000 students are currently studying in Korea University, including 1,000 foreign students.

Other websites 
Korea University

Schools in South Korea
1905 establishments
20th-century establishments in South Korea
1900s establishments in Asia
Joseph-Armand Bombardier (April 16, 1907 – February 18, 1964) was a Canadian inventor famous for inventing the snowmobile.  In 2000, Joseph-Armand Bombardier was honnoured by the government of Canada with his image on a postage stamp.

Childhood
Joseph-Armand was born in 1907 in Valcourt, Quebec. As a child he loved to take things apart and put them back together. He was very good at building mechanical things.  He built his first moving toy at the age of 13. His father had to hide the family car from him because he liked to take apart and re-build the motor. To keep him away from the family car, his father gave him an old car that didn't work.  Joseph-Armand fixed the motor, and put it on old sleds and created the first snow vehicle.

When he was 17 years old he convinced his father to let him quit college and become a mechanic. He continued to study mechanics and electrical engineering at night school.

Inventions
His first patent was for a sprocket wheel and track system in 1937.  This system would help him to make the first snowmobile the B7.  These first snowmobiles were used by doctors, veterinarians, innkeepers and funeral directors to get around in the winter. Bombardier went on to design bigger snowmobiles that would carry up to 12 people.

During the War, he made snowmobiles and armoured tracked vehicles for the Canadian Government. 

 Because of this, his company began to grow. In the 1970s, it began making airplanes and trains and became the large multi-national corporation now called Bombardier Inc.

He is a member of the Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame.

Further reading

Related pages
 Bombardier Recreational Products
 Snowmobile

References

Other websites
  J. Armand Bombardier Museum
 Joseph-Armand Bombardier  at The Canadian Encyclopedia
 CBC's Bombardier: The Snowmobile Legacy
 Heritage Minute about Joseph-Armand Bombardier

1907 births
1964 deaths
Canadian inventors
People from Quebec