cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bredbury is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. Bredbury is found   southeast of the city of Manchester, and  east-northeast of Stockport.  At the 2001 census it had a population of  15,126 people living there.

References

Towns in Greater Manchester
The phrase Roaring Twenties describes the 1920s, a time in North America when art, society, and culture were rapidly changing. The term 'Roaring' applies here, as art, society and culture were rapidly improving and therefore 'Roaring'. Prohibition was in place and so North America was a very 'wise' and 'clean-cut' place to be.

Economy
The North American economy during the 1920s was doing very well because World War I had just ended. Many new products were being made for the consumer. Products were being produced on a huge scale throughout North America, one example of these products is the 'Model T Ford', a car that was seen in every state of the USA.

Culture 
The culture of the Roaring Twenties was very different from before. Women's roles were changed. Liberal young women, called flappers, wore short skirts, cut their hair short, and listened to a new form of music called jazz. Women had gotten the right to vote. Writers like F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway were called the Lost Generation because they moved out of the United States after the war. African-American art and culture also grew a lot during the Harlem Renaissance.

Problems of the Roaring Twenties
Even though North America was doing very well in terms of prosperity, a lot of problems still arose. One of the main problems in North America during the 1920s was Organized Crime. Gangs of foreign immigrants were importing illegal alcohol, tobacco, firearms etc. One of the most famous gangsters of this time was Al Capone.

1920s in the United States
Ginseng refers to species within Panax, a genus of species of slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, in the family Araliaceae. They grow in the Northern Hemisphere in eastern Asia (mostly northern China, Korea, and eastern Siberia), typically in cooler climates; Panax vietnamensis, discovered in Vietnam, is the southernmost ginseng found.

Asterids
Herbs
A topological space is a space studied in topology, the mathematics of the structure of shapes. Roughly, it is a set of things (called points) along with a way to know which things are close together.

More precisely, a topological space has a certain kind of set, called open sets. Open sets are important because they allow one to talk about points near another point, called a neighbourhood of the point. A neighbourhood of a point is simply an open set containing that point. If one did not have the concept of open sets, one cannot define neighbourhoods in a good way. If one tries to define a neighbourhood of a point as any set containing that point, it might just include that point and that point only, not any points near it, or points far away.
We also have the concept of closed sets, which are complements of open sets. That is, all of the points not belonging to a certain open sets forms a closed set.

Open sets must follow certain rules so that they match our ideas of nearness. The union of any number of open sets must be open, and the union of a finite number of closed sets must be closed. (The second rule only works for a finite number of closed sets. That is because in many cases a set containing a single point is closed. Any set is made of points. If the second rule applied to an infinite number of closed sets, then every set would be closed.) As a special case, the set containing every point is both open and closed. The set containing no points is also both open and closed.

A set of points can have many different definitions of what an open set is. One can think of only certain sets as open, or more sets as open. One might even consider every set to be open. The same set with different definitions of open sets form different topological spaces.

Topology
Gisele Caroline Bündchen (born July 20, 1980) is a Brazilian model. She also occasionally acts in movies. According to Forbes, Bündchen is the best paid supermodel in the world and the sixteenth richest woman in the entertainment world. Bündchen earned $33 million in 2007 and $35 million in 2008 alone. Bündchen's fortune is estimated to be about $150 million. She is also listed on Guinness Book of World Records as the world's richest supermodel. Bündchen has been the face of more than 20 brands internationally and has appeared on more magazine covers than any other model.

Personal life 

Gisele Caroline Bündchen was born in Brazil to a family of German origin. Her mother, Vânia Nonnenmacher, was a bank clerk and her father, Valdir Bündchen, was a university teacher and writer. Bündchen is one of the six daughters of Vânia Nonnenmacher and Valdir Bündchen. Her sisters are: Raquel, Graziela, her twin Patrícia, Gabriela and Rafaela. 

Bündchen married Tom Brady on February 26, 2009. Bündchen has two children with him, Benjamin Rein Brady (born 2009) and Vivian Lake Brady (born 2012).

References

Other websites 

 Official site
 

Brazilian models
Brazilian movie actors
Twin people
1980 births
Living people
Rio Grande do Sul
Sonic Unleashed is a 2008 adventure video game, which was released for Wii, PlayStation 3 (PS3), PlayStation 2 (PS2) and Xbox 360.

Sonic can turn into a giant werehog with amazing power at nightfall. But in day, race though many tracks fight Eggman and his robots, and save the day once again, like in other Sonic the Hedgehog video games.

References

Other websites
Official website 

Sonic the Hedgehog games
2008 video games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 3 games
Wii games
Xbox 360 games
Tarnów is a city in the southeastern part of Poland in Lesser Poland Voivodeship. About 114,000 people live in Tarnów. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east-west connection from Lwów to Kraków.

Cities in Poland
León is a province in the northwest of Spain. About 500,000 people live there. Its capital city is León. Leonese language is the language of the province.

Related pages
 Kingdom of León

Kingdom of León
Provinces of Spain
Castile and León
Bermudo III was the King of León in the Middle Ages.

Related pages
 Kingdom of León

Kings and queens
Kingdom of León
For the town that joined with Toronto in 1998, see York, Ontario.

The Regional Municipality of York, also called York Region, is a regional municipality in south-central Ontario, Canada, between Lake Simcoe and Toronto. It replaced the old York County in 1971. In 2006, nearly 893,000 people were living in the Regional Municipality of York.   It is the fastest growing region in Canada and it is expected to grow to more than 1.5 million people by 2031. The whole region is part of the Greater Toronto Area and is part of the Golden Horseshoe. The capital of the region is in Newmarket.

Geography
York Region covers 1,776 square kilometres from Lake Simcoe in the north to the city of Toronto in the south.  The eastern border is shared with Durham Region. To the west is Peel Region, and Simcoe County is to the northwest.

Towns and cities in York Region include:
Town of Aurora
Town of East Gwillimbury
Town of Georgina
Township of King
City of Markham
Town of Newmarket
Town of Richmond Hill
City of Vaughan
Town of Whitchurch-Stouffville

There is also one First Nation (Native Canadians) with an Indian reserve, where the Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation live.

York Region includes farmlands, wetlands and small kettle lakes, the Oak Ridges Moraine and over 2,070 hectares of regional forest, as well as built-up areas of its towns.

Notes

Other websites
York Region Official site
Yorkregion.com online news
York Regional Police
Map of York Region 

Settlements in Ontario
This is a complete list of Pokémon, fictional creatures from the Pokémon series. This list covers over 800 Pokémon species.

List 

*These pre-evolved Pokémon were introduced in generations following introduction of the species they evolve into (and after the 2nd, which introduced breeding). The pre-evolutions will only hatch from eggs produced under special conditions. All other eggs will hatch directly into the next stage of evolution.
†Marked as  for at least one game entry. These Pokémon cannot be encountered and caught in the course of normal gameplay, and does not affect the completion of Pokédex. They are officially only made available via promotional events, or transferred from a previous version or spin-off titles under certain conditions. Lugia and Ho-Oh are special cases in that are Mythical only in Game Boy Advance (GBA) versions but legendary in other versions, where they can be obtained by normal gameplay.
‡In Pokémon Black and White, Zorua and Zoroark cannot be encountered and caught in the course of normal gameplay without trading or obtaining them from promotional distributions. However, Zorua and Zoroark are not Mythical Pokémon, because they are required to complete the Pokédex in Pokémon Black and White''.

References

Other websites 
Official Pokédex
Pokémon species on Bulbapedia
National PokéDex on Bulbapedia

Entertainment-related lists
"Hot" is a song by Avril Lavigne produced by Lukasz "Dr. Luke" Gottwald, and is the third single from Lavigne's third album, The Best Damn Thing.

2007 songs
Avril Lavigne songs
Donkey Kong 64 (also called DK 64), is a platform video game made by Rare and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64 video game system. It was first out on November 24, 1999 in North America. Donkey Kong 64 is one of the first games for the Nintendo 64 to use the Expansion Pak.

Gameplay 
The gameplay of Donkey Kong 64 is about getting different types of items. Some of those items include coins, bananas, weapons, and keys. These items are needed in order to move on to new levels and fighting bosses.

Donkey Kong 64 can be played on multiplayer for up to 4 players at a time. The multiplayer mode has three arenas, and five characters to pick from the single player mode.

Reception 
Donkey Kong 64 got good scores from reviewers, which had a 88% average on GameRankings.

References 

Platform games
1999 video games
Nintendo 64 games
Donkey Kong
The Toronto Sun is an English language daily tabloid newspaper published in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is often seen as a working person's newspaper.

As of the end of 2007, the Sun sold 180,000 newspapers during Monday to Saturday and about 310,000 papers on Sunday.

Related pages
 The Sun (United Kingdom) - The original UK version

References

Other websites
 
 Article on the Sun  - includes rough circulation info

Newspapers published in Canada
Miles Gilbert "Tim" Horton (January 12, 1930 – February 21, 1974) was a Canadian professional hockey defenceman from Cochrane, Ontario. He played 24 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Toronto Maple Leafs, the New York Rangers, the Pittsburgh Penguins, and Buffalo Sabres. He was also a businessman and the co-founder of Tim Hortons, now Canada's largest restaurant chain. He died in an car crash at St. Catharines, Ontario in 1974 at the age of 44.

Doughnut shops 

In 1964, Horton opened his first Tim Hortons shop in Hamilton, Ontario.

As well as over 2700 shops in Canada, Buffalo, New York has over 80 Tim Hortons Doughnut Shops, and they can be found in Detroit, Michigan; Columbus, Ohio; and other American cities, mainly in the Northeast and the Great Lakes region. There are now over 400 shops in the United States.

Death 
Early on the morning of February 21, 1974, Horton was driving on the Queen Elizabeth Way from Toronto to his home in Buffalo after the Buffalo Sabres had played in Toronto the night before, in his sports car. He lost control and hit a concrete culvert. The crash turned the vehicle over and Horton, who was not wearing a seat belt, was thrown out of the car. Horton was dead on arrival at the local hospital. A police officer following Horton said that he had been going over 160 km/h (100 mph).

Tim Horton is buried in York Cemetery Toronto..

Career statistics

Awards and achievements
 1961-62 – Stanley Cup
 1962-63 – Stanley Cup Champion
 1963-64 – Stanley Cup Champion
 1966-67 – Stanley Cup Champion
 1977 – Inducted (posthumously) into the Hockey Hall of Fame
 1996 – Number 2 retired  by the Buffalo Sabres
 1998 – Ranked number 43 The Hockey News list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players.
 2004 – Ranked number 59 The Greatest Canadian by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
2016 – Number 7 retired by the Toronto Maple Leafs

References

Other websites 
 
 The Canadian Encyclopedia: Tim Horton 
 Biography at Tim Hortons corporate site 

Accidental deaths in Canada
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Road accident deaths
Sportspeople from Ontario
1930 births
1974 deaths
Ontario Hockey League players
Jetstar Airways is a low-cost airline. It was established by Qantas to counter the expansion of Virgin Blue in Australia. It flies to many domestic and international destinations. Its main airport is Melbourne Airport.

Sister companies 
  Jetstar Asia (Singapore)
 Jetstar Hong Kong (Hong Kong)
 Jetstar Japan (Japan)
 Jetstar Pacific Airlines (in Vietnam)

History  
In 2003 Qantas bought the bankrupt Impulse Airlines, and established Jetstar as a low-cost domestic subsidiary. In February 2004 Jetstar Airways start selling tickets to passengers for her flights.
On 1 December, 2005 she started flying to 1st international airport in Christchurch, New Zealand.

Other websites 

  Jetstar Airways

Low-cost airlines
Airlines of Australia
2000s establishments in Australia
2004 establishments
Airlines of Oceania
Companies of Australia
Transport in Melbourne
A Fire extinguisher is a device which can be used to control a fire. Fire extinguishers can help remove the fire, and may stop it from burning. Depending on the size, some fire extinguishers can be carried around and operated by hand. There are different kinds of fire extinguishers. Different kinds of fire can be controlled by different substances. There are color codes, the color tells what kinds of fires the fire extinguisher is useful for:

There are also different sizes of fire extinguishers. Bigger fire extinguishers can be used for a longer time. Hand-held fire extinguishers vary between 0.5 and 14 kg. A 2 kg extinguisher works for about two to four seconds, the 12 kg model for about eighteen seconds. There are also bigger fire extinguishers, mounted on a cart or a vehicle. These are used to fight fires at airports, for example.

To be useful, fire extinguishers need to be checked at regular intervals. Usually, there are laws about this duration, concerning fire extinguishers in public buildings. 

Firefighting
The minke whale (also known as the lesser rorqual) is the smallest of the baleen whales that lives in many places in the world. It is the smallest rorqual whale (the large baleen whales). A large one is about 30 feet long and weighs 10 tons. They are black or gray with white on their belly and a white "armband" across their flippers. It is the only baleen whale that is still hunted for money. The Minke whale can swim quite fast.

There are two types of Minke whale.  They are:
 Common minke whale or northern minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), and
Antarctic minke whale or southern minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis)

Description

The minke whales are the second smallest baleen whale. Only the pygmy right whale is smaller. Males measure an average of  and females  in length. Both sexes typically weigh 4 - 5 t (3.9–4.9 long tons; 4.4–5.5 short tons) as adults.  The maximum weight may be as much as 14 t (14 long tons; 15 short tons). They become adults after 6 to 8 years.

The minke whale is a black/gray/purple color. Common minke whales (Northern Hemisphere variety) have a white band on each flipper. The body is usually black or dark-gray above and white underneath. Most of the back, including dorsal fin and blowholes, appears at once when the whale comes to the surface to breathe.

Minke whales usually live for 30–50 years.  In some cases they may live for up to 60 years.

The gestation time for minke whales is 10 months.  Calves measure  at birth.  The newborns nurse for five to possibly 10 months. Breeding is mostly done during the summer months. Calving is thought to happen every two years.

References

Baleen whales

en:Minke whale
The University of Durham is a university in the City of Durham in the north of England.  It was founded in 1832.  It is one of the oldest universities in the United Kingdom. It is "long established as the leading alternative to Oxford and Cambridge".

References

Other websites

 University of Durham

1832 establishments
1830s establishments in England
Durham, University of
Durham
Gerrymandering is when a political group tries to change a voting district to create a result that helps them or hurts the group who is against them. It is named after Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814).

Example 
If we have Group A and Group B both trying to win in a district. Group A has 40 votes and Group B has 50. In another district Group A knows Group B will win for sure. Group A changes the voting district so that 11 votes are moved to the other district. Now they will win 40 votes to 39.

Politics
Suffrage is the right to vote. Most countries allow citizens to vote once they are legally an adult. In the past not all people were allowed to vote. In general, most countries today do not stop people of a different race or sex from voting. 

Suffrage can also apply to states themselves. Article V. of the U. S. Constitution does not allow any amendment to take away the States' equal suffrage in the Senate.

Suffrage can also mean the right to be a public official. Some people call the right to run for office candidate eligibility.  Full suffrage means both the right to vote and the right to seek office.

Related pages 
Voting age

Voting
Democratic rights
A musket is a muzzleloading, smoothbore firearm, which is meant to be fired from the shoulder. 

The musket is the weapon that replaced the arquebus, and was then replaced by the rifle. But the word musket is also used to describe a number of different weapons including:
 a long, heavy weapon with a matchlock or wheellock and loose powder fired with the gun barrel resting on a stand
 a lighter weapon with a flintlock or percussion cap firing mechanism, with a bayonet. 

Muskets were made for use by infantry. A soldier armed with a musket was called a musketman or musketeer. In the 1500's, soldiers armed with a heavy arquebus, called a musket, supported the arquebusiers and the pikemen. By the start of 1700's, a lighter type of musket took over from the arquebus. When the bayonet was added, there was no longer a need for pikemen, and almost all infantry soldiers became musketeers. The first musket made in the united States was the Springfield Model 1795 Musket. In the 1800's, better ammunition and ways of firing the gun, meant that rifling was practical for military use, and the rifled musket became common. A few years later, the use of cartridges, breechloading, and multiple rounds of ammunition meant the "rifled musket" gave way to the rifle, and "muskets" were no longer used.

Musket calibres ranged from  to . A smoothbore musket, firing at a single target, was only accurate to about  to . Rifled muskets in the 1850's were much better, able to hit a man sized target at up to . The advantage of this longer distance was shown at the Battle of Four Lakes, where Springfield Model 1855 rifled muskets killed Indian warriors before they could get close enough with their smoothbore muskets. However, in the Italian War of 1859, French forces were able to defeat the longer range of Austrian rifle muskets by quick, small attacks and bayonet attacks at close range.

References

Other websites 
 History of Muskets
 Infantry Tactics During the Napoleonic wars - Musketry
 http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Campground/8551/ 

1500s
Firearms
The ALPHA Collaboration is a group of physicists from about 11 universities who work together (or "collaborate") to try to trap neutral antimatter. The neutral antimatter they are working to trap is antihydrogen. This is the antimatter version of hydrogen, the first atom in the periodic table. Antihydrogen, like hydrogen, has two oppositely charged particles. Hydrogen has a proton and an electron, and so antihydrogen would have an antiproton and a positron. A positron is the common name for the antielectron.

CERN 
The ALPHA collaboration has its experiment at CERN in Geneva in Switzerland. CERN is the only place in the world that can provide "slow" antiprotons that can be easily captured by ALPHA. ALPHA then brings these antiprotons into contact with positrons and form antihydrogen. 

Antihydrogen has, like many atoms and especially hydrogen, a small magnetic dipole moment. A dipole moment is another way of saying that the atom behaves a bit as if it was a tiny magnet with a north and a south pole. Normally such small magnets are attracted to other magnets. However, some atoms in some states behave such that they are repelled by magnetic fields. This means that the atoms could possibly be trapped in space by making a minimum of the magnetic field. ALPHA is trying to do just that with antihydrogen. By a clever arrangement of magnets, ALPHA has a so-called magnetic minimum trap, in which antihydrogen may be trapped. 

This is a difficult process. The magnetic forces on these atoms are quite weak, so the trap can only contain antihydrogen atoms of very low motional (kinetic) energy, that is at very low temperature. The current state-of-the-art ALPHA trap can contain antihydrogen atoms in their ground state if they are colder than about 0.5 Kelvin (i.e. 0.5 degrees above absolute zero). ALPHA is currently working on making such cold antihydrogen.
Nuclear physics

en:Antiproton Decelerator#ALPHA collaboration
fr:ALPHA (expérience)
Forestle is a website for finding all kinds of information on the internet; Forestle helps to save the rain forest and reduces the total carbon dioxide (CO2) production. It also offers special features, for example a preview of the websites found during a search. It was invented in 2008.

Helping the environment 

Forestle saves 0.1 square meters (about 0.1 square yards) of rain forest per search. It earns money from showing advertisements along with the websites found, and Forestle guarantees to donate 90% of this money to buy areas of rain forest through its partner organization The Nature Conservancy.  As of October 2009, about  1,991,055 square meters of rain forest have been saved.

For searching the web using Forestle is also essentially CO2-neutral: Of course the server computers used by Forestle, the connection network, and the computer of the searching users need electric energy and thus create emissions of carbon-dioxide; but Forestle purchases an equivalent amount of renewable energy certificates. The certificates are purchased from a part of the 10% of money left after buying rain forest. This makes Forestle one of the few web search sites that are "green certified".

The number of search requests on Forestle.org grows significantly </ref name=proof/>: There were 4000 search requests per day on average in December 2008, about 10000 per day in January 2009 and currently, (March 6, 2009) there are more than 20000 requests per day.

Forestle thus offers a simple alternative form of searching the web in a way that helps the environment.

How large the effects of using such a 'green' search method actually are is discussed.

Special properties

Forestle offers a website preview that shows small versions of the websites found in each search. The search page offered by Forestle is very simple and only contains a window to type in words to be searched for, the search results, and a few links to check related services (for example Google Maps) as well as explanations about how Forestle works. Forestle meanwhile also provides several browser plugins, can be added to iGoogle and can be used in English and German (full versions) as well as in Spanish and Dutch (details partially in English).

Forestle search engine partners

Forestle used the search services of Google until Google forbid them to do that after four days of service; the reasons was that Google and Forestle had a fight: it was not clear whether Forestle broke the terms of service fixed in the contract between them. Forestle.org states that google did not actually give reasons for stopping their service. The action by google to not support Forestle any more immediately drew international attention.<ref
name=immediateattentionInquirer></ref>  Details about the conflict between Google and Forestle are debated. Forestle is now associated with Yahoo.

References

Other websites
Forestle.org
Proof for Saving Rain Forest
Proof of reducing CO2  production

Websites
Dextromethorphan (DXM or DM) is a drug. It is used to prevent coughs in many over-the-counter cold and cough medicines. Dextromethorphan can also be used for pain relief or for psychological conditions. It is sold in syrup, tablet, and lozenge forms, manufactured under several different brand names and generic labels. In its pure form, dextromethorphan is a white powder.

If more is taken than directed, dextromethorphan acts as a dissociative hallucinogenic drug. Its mechanism of action (how it works) is as an NMDA receptor antagonist (blocks a chemical in the brain), producing  effects similar to those of the controlled substances ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP).

References

Drugs
A metrosexual is a male who is overly concerned with their own physical appearance and grooming. Metrosexual men are known to act like the stereotypical homosexual man.

Culture
Roman à clef (said like it rhymes with "a don a day") means "novel with a key" in French.  It is a phrase used for talking about literature and movies.  A roman à clef is a type of story that's true for the most part except for details like the name of the main character.  The "key" part of the meaning–what someone needs to unlock the real story–changes from book to book.  For some books it is knowing that the main character is really a famous person.  For others it is knowing that the main character is really the author.

Authors usually write these types of stories (instead of telling the whole truth) to talk about a controversy or what happened during a crime so that the people involved can't sue them.  A couple of movies that are written like this are Citizen Kane (a movie about a man a lot like William Randolph Hearst) and Dreamgirls (a movie about a Motown group a lot like The Supremes).

Because it comes from French, the plural of roman à clef is romans à clef.

Books
Ernst Kaltenbrunner (4 October 1903 in Ried im Innkreis – 16 October 1946 in Nuremberg) was an Austrian lawyer. During World War II he was an official of the NSDAP. He was the head of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Head Office) and Interpol. Kaltenbrunner was the highest SS officer who was charged at the Nuremberg Trials. He was found guilty of war crimes and executed.

1903 births
1946 deaths
Austrian lawyers
Austrian people of World War II
Austrian war criminals
Executed Austrian people
Executed Nazis
Holocaust perpetrators
Nazi leaders
People executed by hanging
RSHA people
SS officers
Austrian Roman Catholics
A typographical error or typo is a word that has been spelt wrong by accident. There are a few ways to make a typo:
 Hitting the wrong key while typing. Example: "Tom amd Jane are friends."
 Pressing the keys in the wrong order. Example: "Tom nad Jane are friends."
 Forgetting to press a key. Example "Tom nd Jane are friends."
 Holding a key too long, causing a letting to be typed twice. Example "Tom andd Jane are friends."

Language
}}
| death_place       =Rutland House, London
| burial_place      =St. George's Chapel, Windsor
| rank                 = Field Marshal
| branch = British Army
| allegiance = United Kingdom
|}}
Prince Frederick Augustus, Duke of York and Albany, was born on August 16, 1763. He was the second son of George III. He was the heir to the throne from 1820 to his death.

Ancestors 

British royalty
British Dukes and Duchesses
Irish nobility
1763 births
1827 deaths
Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex was born (27 January 1773 – 21 April 1843), was the sixth son of George III and his consort, Queen Charlotte.  He was the only son of the King and Queen not to pursue an army or navy career, but he did consider becoming a cleric in the Church of England.

Marriages

Augustus Frederick married twice, but neither was legal in the United Kingdom because under the Royal Marriages Act  he should have asked permission from the King first.

Ancestors

References

1773 births
1843 deaths

House of Hanover
Sussex
Princess Augusta Sophia (8 November 1768 – 22 September 1840)was second oldest daughter of George III and Queen Charlotte. She never married and had no children. She died at age 71 in 1840.

Ancestors 

1768 births
1840 deaths
People Buried in St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle
British royalty
Princess Elizabeth (22 May 1770 – 10 January 1840) was the 7th child of George III and Queen Charlotte. She married Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, in 1818. She had no children. She died at age 69. There were plans for her to marry the future Louis Philippe I, but the marriage never took place as he was a Catholic and her father had a deep dislike of Catholic people.

Ancestors 

1770 births
1840 deaths
British royalty
Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (25 April 1776 – 30 April 1857) was the fourth daughter and eleventh child of George III and Queen Charlotte. She was the last living child of George III, dying in 1857.

Ancestors

References

1776 births
1857 deaths
British royalty
House of Hanover
The Princess Sophia (Sophia Matilda; 2 November 1777 – 27 May 1848) was the fifth daughter of George III and Queen Charlotte.

Ancestors 

1777 births
1848 deaths
British royalty
The axilla (also known as the armpit, underarm, or oxter) is the area on the human body right under where the joint where the arm connects to the shoulder. The axilla is one of the four places where a medical thermometer can be used to measure human body temperature. The other places are the rectum, mouth, and ear canal.

What is in the area of the axilla
In the area where the axllia is, the body parts that are found are the axillary vein, axillary artery, brachial plexus, lymph nodes, and fat.

Hair of the axilla

During puberty, hair will grow in the underarms. Many women choose to shave or remove this hair because it gives a neater and cleaner look when wearing some types of clothes, however some women do not shave and choose to have a natural look for cultural or symbolic reasons.

Body odor
Body odor occurs in the axilla due to microorganisms.

Due to this, many companies make deodorants to help remove the bad odor.

What the axilla is known for
Many people think of the axilla as being a ticklish spot.

Other words for axilla
In the U.K., the axilla is called the oxter.

Underarm, another word for axilla, only is the outside of the axilla.

Armpit, like underarm, refers to the axilla, but also means an object or place that is smelly or greasy.

Gallery

References

Body parts
Tetraphobia is a fear of the number 4.  It is a superstition found most often in East Asian areas, for example China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.

The Chinese word for four (, pinyin: sì, jyutping: sei3), sounds very similar to the word for death (, pinyin: sǐ, jyutping: sei2).

Chinese people take care not to use the number 4 during important holidays, or if someone in the family is sick. Numbers such as 14, 24, and so on, are not used because they also have the number 4 in them. Buildings sometimes do not have floors with these numbers, apartments and hotels do not have rooms with number 4, 14, 24 and so on. Table number 4, 14, 24, may be often left out in wedding dinners or other social activities in these countries. Where there are a lot of apartment buildings, buildings that should be 4, 14, 24, are called 3A, 13A, 23A, and so on.

In Hong Kong, some apartments such as Vision City and The Arch do not have the floors from 40 to 49. Immediately above 39/F is 50/F, leading many who do not know about tetraphobia to think that some floors are missing.

The Chinese start numbering their military aircraft with the number 5, such as the fighter plane "Shenyang J-5". The Taiwanese and the South Korean navies do not use the number 4 when giving flag numbers to their ships.

In cities where East Asian and Western cultures come together, like Hong Kong and Singapore, it is possible in some buildings that both 13 and 14 are left out as floor numbers, along with all the other 4s.

In Korea, tetraphobia is not as important, but the floor number 4 is almost always left out in hospitals. In other buildings, the fourth floor is sometimes named "F" (Four) instead of "4" in elevators. Apartment numbers with a lot of the number 4 (such as 404) are hard to sell, and often they are not worth as much money.

References 

Superstitions
Phobias
Princess Elizabeth (Elizabeth Caroline; 10 January 1741 – 4 September 1759) was a member of the British Royal Family, a grandchild of George II and sister of George III.

Ancestors

References 

1741 births
1759 deaths
British royalty
The Palace of Whitehall was the main home of the English kings and queens in London, from 1530 until 1698, when all except Inigo Jones's 1622 Banqueting House was destroyed by fire. Before the fire, it was the largest palace in Europe, with over 1,500 rooms (at one time it was the largest building in the world).

The palace gives its name—Whitehall—to the road on which many of the buildings of the UK government now stand. The word "Whitehall" can also refer to the central government itself.

History 
It became an official royal palace in 1530 when Henry VII was the king of England. He also included a recreation centre with a bowling green, tennis courts, a pit for cock fighting (now the site of 70 Whitehall) and a tiltyard for jousting. It is estimated that over £30,000 (approaching £11 million in 2007 values) were spent during the 1540s, 50% more than the construction of the entire Bridewell Palace. Henry VIII married two of his wives at the palace—Anne Boleyn in 1533 and Jane Seymour in 1536. It was also at the palace that Henry died. It was a lesser used palace during the reign of the next few monarchs.

Fire 
The palace of Whitehall was destroyed by fire in 1698. Many of the palace's wooden structures were destroyed in the fire. Michelangelo's Cupid is to believed to have been destroyed in the blaze. After this the remaining structures were torn down. Now Whitehall has government buildings on it.

References 

Whitehall, Palace of
Whitehall, Palace of
Buildings and structures in London
1560s establishments in Europe
1698 disestablishments
16th-century establishments in England
1560 establishments
A weekday is a day that falls outside of the weekend. In most places, weekdays include Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday but not Saturday or Sunday.

References
Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American theoretical and applied mathematician. He was a child prodigy. His father was a teacher of languages.

Wiener founded cybernetics, the science of control and communication in animals and machines. It is a field that uses the notion of feedback, and is important for engineering, systems control, computer science, biology, philosophy, and the organization of society. The name of the science comes from his book, Cybernetics: Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (1948).

"Information is information, not matter or energy". – Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics (1948, 155)

Wiener was born in Columbia, Missouri. He died in Stockholm, Sweden.

Books by Norbert Wiener 
1933: The Fourier Integral and certain of its applications. Cambridge Univ. Press; reprint by Dover.
1942: Extrapolation, interpolation and smoothing of stationary time series. A war-time classified report nicknamed "the yellow peril" because of the color of the cover and the difficulty of the subject. Published postwar 1949 MIT Press.
1948: Cybernetics, or control and communication in the animal and the machine. Wiley, New York 1948. 2nd revised ed. 1961.  
1950: The human use of human beings: cybernetics and society. Houghton Mifflin, New York.
1953: Ex-prodigy: my childhood and youth. Autobiography of his younger years
1956: I am a mathematician. Gollancz, London. Autobiography.
1958: Nonlinear problems in random theory. MIT Press & Wiley.
1959: The Tempter. Random House. Fiction.
1964: Selected papers of Norbert Wiener. Cambridge Mass.  MIT Press & SIAM.
1966: Generalized harmonic analysis and Tauberian theorems. MIT Press.
1966: God & Golem, Inc.: a comment on certain points where cybernetics impinges on religion. MIT Press.
1966: Norbert Wiener 18941964. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 72(1). Also published in book form.
1976-84: The mathematical work of Norbert Wiener. Masani P (ed) 4 vols, Camb. Mass. MIT Press. This contains a complete collection of Wiener's mathematical papers with commentaries.
1994: Invention: the care and feeding of ideas. MIT Press.

1894 births
1964 deaths
American mathematicians
Scientists from Missouri
Autobiographers
Systems scientists
Erich Johann Albert Raeder (24 April 1876 in Wandsbek - 6 November 1960 in Kiel) was a naval leader in Germany before and during the Second World War. He was made a "Großadmiral" (, equivalent to Admiral of the Fleet) in 1939, which is the highest naval rank. In 1943 he was replaced by Karl Dönitz in his position as head of the German Navy.

Raeder was also one of the 24 charged at the Nuremberg Trials, and was sent to prison.

1876 births
1960 deaths
Admirals
German military personnel of World War II
German prisoners
German war criminals
Nazi leaders
The Invasion of Grenada, codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, was an invasion of the nation of Grenada ordered by President Ronald Reagan. Grenada is an island in the Caribbean Sea, 100 miles north of Venezuela, and over 1,500 miles south east of the United States. It was invaded by the combined force of troops from the United States (nearly 10,000 troops), Jamaica and members of the Regional Security System (RSS) (approximately 300 troops).

1983 in the United States
Conflicts
History of Grenada
1980s conflicts
, taglined Legend of the Seven Stars, is a role-playing game made by Square Co. (now known as Square Enix) and published by Nintendo. The game was first out on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1996, and then on the Wii's Virtual Console service in 2008.

Gameplay
The gameplay of Super Mario RPG is like other Square role-playing games of Chrono Trigger and the Final Fantasy series. The characters fight enemies by taking turns in a battle-style area. The player controls Mario, Bowser, Princess Toadstool, Mallow and Geno. Each of those characters has special moves they can use on an enemy.

Reception
Super Mario RPG got very good scores, including an 88% average from Game Rankings. The game also sold 1.47 million copies in Japan, which was the third best selling game in that region of 1996.

References 

1996 video games
Mario roleplaying games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Virtual Console games

de:Mario RPG
Whopper is a kind of hamburger sold at the fast-food chain Burger King. It is made using a beef patty, lettuce, tomato, sliced onion, pickles, ketchup, and mayonnaise served on a sesame seed bun. Also, cheese can be added at the customer's request. There is also a Double Whopper available.

A Whopper Jr. is the same as the Whopper, but in a smaller size.

The whopper was under controversy when Google Home read out a vandalised description of a whopper from the internet site Wikipedia.

Sandwiches
5145 Pholus is a Centaur (minor planetoid) of the solar system running in a stretched orbit, with a perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) less than  Saturn's and aphelion (farthest approach from the Sun) farther than Neptune's. Close approaches of the object are not common: it has not come within one astronomical unit (about 150 million km) of a planet since 764 BC, and will not again until 5290. Astronomers think that Pholus started out as a Kuiper belt object.

It was found by David L. Rabinowitz, then of the University of Arizona's Spacewatch Project, and named after Pholus, the brother of the mythological Chiron, after which 2060 Chiron was named to follow the tradition of naming this class of outer planet crossing objects after Centaurs.

Pholus was the second Centaur type asteroid to be found and was quickly found to be very red in color. Because it's very red, it is sometimes called "Big Red". Astronomers think the color is because of organic compounds on its surface.

Unlike the first Centaur, 2060 Chiron, Pholus has shown no signs of cometary activity.

Astronomers think that Pholus' diameter is about 185±16 km.

References 

  SOLEX

Other websites 
 Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Ephemeris HORIZONS Web-Interface

Asteroids
Caroline Matilda of Great Britain (; 11 July 1751 – 10 May 1775) Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1766 to 1772 and a member of the British Royal Family.

Life 
She was born in July of 1751.She was the last child of her father Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta. She married Christian VII of Denmark on 8 November 1766 at Christiansborg Castle. She did not know the groom was mentally ill. But the marriage did produce two children. The youngest daughter was thought to be the offspring of the king's doctor and the queen. Nothing was ever proven but the physician was killed and Caroline sent away. She died in May of 1775 at the age of 23.

1751 births
1775 deaths
British royalty
Berengaria (, ; c. 1165-1170 – 23 December 1230), was the oldest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre and Sancha of Castile. Her mother's parents were Alfonso VII of León and Berenguela of Barcelona. She was the wife of Richard I of England. They had no children.

Kings and Queens consort of England
House of Plantagenet
12th-century births
1230 deaths
Hudson is a census-designated place  found in Pasco County, Florida, in the United States. About 12,500 people live in Hudson as of 2000.

References

Other websites
Hudson, Florida
History of Hudson

Census-designated places in Florida
Qawwali () is an Islamic Sufi type of music, that is famous in Pakistan and India. Mainly performed at Sufi Shrines in Pakistan  and India, Qawwali has also become popular in the world. Singers like Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan are well known for this music due to their excellent voice and ability of singing. Qawwali music is believed to have started 700 years ago. This music is mainly based in Punjab, which is a state of Pakistan.

Pakistani music
Music genres
Australia national football team is the national football team of Australia. Its official nickname is "the Socceroos". The team is under the control of the Football Federation Australia (FFA), which is a member of the Asian Football Confederation. It has also been invited to join the ASEAN Football Federation. Australia's Youth teams play in the ASEAN Youth Tournaments. Australia has been the Oceania Football Confederation champion four times, and has been at three World Cup finals tournaments, in 1974, 2006 and 2010. FIFA Rankings show the Australian National Football team is one of the strongest countries in Asia, and is currently ranked 20th in the world by FIFA. Australia made it to the round of 16 in the 2006 World Cup held in Germany and were knocked out in controversial circumstances by eventual champions Italy. Australia's 2010 world cup finals campaign was also blighted by controversial and mostly incorrect refereeing decisions and lead to the teams eventual elimination in the group stages despite a 2-1 win over a higher ranked Serbian team and a draw against Ghana. Australia will now prepare for the Asian cup in early 2011 and the 2014 world cup qualification.

Most appearances

Top scorers

2010 World Cup 
The Socceroos 2010 World Cup Squad, coached by Pim Verbeek, includes the following players:
James Holland
David Carney
Shane Lowry
Rhys Williams
Michael Beauchamp
Josh Kennedy
Mile Jedinak
Dario Vidosic
Nikita Rukavytsya
Richard Garcia
Brett Holman
Carl Valeri
Brett Emerton
Brad Jones
Mark Schwarzer
Adam Federici
Eugene Galekovic
Mark Milligan
Jade North
Luke Wilkshire
Nick Carle
Jason Culina
Mark Bresciano
Vince Grella
Tim Cahill
Lucas Neill
Harry Kewell
Craig Moore
Scott Chipperfield
Scott McDonald
Tim Oar

References

Oceanian national football teams
Football in Australia
Bhutan national football team is the national football team of Bhutan.

Top scorers

References

Asian national football teams
Sport in Bhutan
Cambodia national football team is the national football team of Cambodia.

References

Asian national football teams
Cambodia
Chinese Taipei national football team is the national football team of Chinese Taipei.

References

Notes

Asian national football teams
Taiwan
Hong Kong national football team is the national football team of Hong Kong.

References

Asian national football teams
Football in Hong Kong
India national football team is the national football team of India. It has won the AFC challenge Cup in 2008 and ranks 150 in FIFA ranking (2014). The team is managed by Igor Stimac. They have been runners up of Asian Nations Cup (1964). Their best result is to feature in the fourth olympic football tournament's finals in 1956.

References

Asian national football teams
Football in India
Iraq national football team is the national football team of Iraq.

References

Asian national football teams
Sport in Iraq
The Japanese national football team is the national football team of Japan.

Most appearances

Top scorers

Coaches
Hitoshi Sasaki (1921)
Masujiro Nishida (1923)
Goro Yamada (1925)
Shigeyoshi Suzuki (1930)
Shigemaru Takenokoshi (1934)
Shigeyoshi Suzuki (1936)
Shigemaru Takenokoshi (1938-1940)
Koichi Kudo (1942)
Hirokazu Ninomiya (1951)
Shigemaru Takenokoshi (1951-1956)
Hidetoki Takahashi (1957)
Taizo Kawamoto (1958)
Shigemaru Takenokoshi (1958-1959)
Hidetoki Takahashi (1960-1962)
Ken Naganuma (1962-1969)
Shunichiro Okano (1970-1971)
Ken Naganuma (1972-1976)
Hiroshi Ninomiya (1976-1978)
Yukio Shimomura (1979-1980)
Masashi Watanabe (1980)
Saburo Kawabuchi (1980-1981)
Takaji Mori (1981-1985)
Yoshinobu Ishii (1986-1987)
Kenzo Yokoyama (1988-1991)
Hans Ooft (1992-1993)
Paulo Roberto Falcão (1994)
Shu Kamo (1994-1997)
Takeshi Okada (1997-1998)
Philippe Troussier (1998-2002)
Zico (2002-2006)
Ivica Osim (2006-2007)
Takeshi Okada (2007-2010)
Hiromi Hara (2010)
Alberto Zaccheroni (2010-2014)
Javier Aguirre (2014-2015)
Vahid Halilhodžić (2015-2018)
Akira Nishino (2018)
Hajime Moriyasu (2018-)

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 Japan at the Olympics
 Japan women's national football team
List of Japan international footballers

References

Other websites

 Japan Football Association website ; 
  Japanese National Footfall Team Database

Asian national football teams
Football in Japan
The South Korea national football team is the national men's football team of South Korea.

Notable achievements
Korea Republic is the most successful Asian football team in the history of the FIFA World Cup having participated in ten World Cup tournaments, which is the most amount of appearances for any Asian country. Korea Republic became the first and only Asian team to reach the semi-final stages, at the 2002 tournament (Where it achieved 4th place), and also won the first two editions of the AFC Asian Cup.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

Asian national football teams
Football in South Korea
Kuwait national football team is the national football team of Kuwait.

Most appearances

References

Asian national football teams
Sport in Kuwait
Laos national football team is the national football team of Laos.

References

Asian national football teams
Laos
The Lebanon national football team are a team who play association football for Lebanon. They play most of their matches at the Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium. The stadium is in Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon. They have never qualified for the World Cup. They have participated twice at the Asian Cup (in 2000 and 2019).

References

Asian national football teams
Sport in Lebanon
Mongolia national football team is the national football team of Mongolia.

Top scorers

References 

Asian national football teams
Sport in Mongolia
Nepal national football team is the national football team of Nepal.

References

Asian national football teams
Sport in Nepal