cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Gwich'in people are a group of people who live in Alaska and Canada, above the Arctic Circle.

Name 
The Gwich'in call themselves the Dinjii Zhuu, which means "small people" in their language.

Language 
The Gwich'in have their own language. It is split into two dialects, the Canadian and the American dialects. However, not many of them speak it as they now use English. In Alaska, only 300 Gwich'in know how to speak Gwich'in.

Caribou 
The caribou is a very important animal in Gwich'in culture. Some of them call themselves the caribou people.

References 

Ethnic groups in the United States
Ethnic groups in Canada
Alaska
Yukon
Northwest Territories
A Majorana fermion(), also referred to as a Majorana particle, is a fermion that has the same properties as its antiparticle. Ettore Majorana, an Italian physicist, thought they would exist, in 1937.  Majorana disappeared in 1938, and the particles are named after him. As Majorana fermionns are thought to have the same properties as their antiparticles, they cannot have an electric charge. Today, atomic particles with an electric charge are called Dirac fermions. An example for Dirac fermions are electrons, and positrons; they have the same properties, but their electric charge is different. 

Neutrinos do not have an electric charge, and might be Majorana fermions, but their status is unclear

Theory 
The concept goes back to Majorana's suggestion of 1937. Majorana suggested that  neutral spin- particles can be described by a real wave equation (the Majorana equation). The wave functions of particle and antiparticle are related by complex conjugation. For this reason, they would be identical to their antiparticle.

The difference between Majorana fermions and Dirac fermions can be expressed mathematically in terms of the creation and annihilation operators of second quantization: The creation operator  creates a fermion in quantum state  (described by a real wave function), whereas the annihilation operator  annihilates it (or, equivalently, creates the corresponding antiparticle). For a Dirac fermion the operators  and  are distinct, whereas for a Majorana fermion they are identical. The ordinary fermionic annihilation and creation operators  and  can be written in terms of two Majorana operators  and  by

 
 

In supersymmetry models, neutralinos—superpartners of gauge bosons and Higgs bosons—are Majorana.

Standard model of particle physics 
The standard model of physics has no  Majorana fermions, all particles are Dirac fermions. There are neutrinos, and anti-neutrinos. In the standard model, neutrinos have no mass, though. The question how to differentiate between neutrinos and anti-neutrinos is not settled yet.

Extensions to the standard model 
There are different extensions of the standard model. One of them is called Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. It allows for supersymmetry, and can transform one kind of particle, the bosons, into the other, the fermions.  In condensed matter physics, bound Majorana fermions can appear as quasiparticle excitations—the collective movement of several individual particles, not a single one, and they are governed by non-abelian statistics.

References 

Physics
Mundelein is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Lake Zurich is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Rosnoën () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Finistère
Rosporden () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Finistère
Saint-Coulitz () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Finistère
Saint-Divy () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Finistère
Saint-Eloy () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.

Communes in Finistère
Folklore (styled in lowercase) is the eighth studio album by American recording artist Taylor Swift.  It was released on July 24, 2020.  Swift released the album as a surprise when her Loverfest stadium tour was canceled due to the 2019–20 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. She produced the album with her longtime collaborator Jack Antonoff, along with Aaron Dessner. It is Swift's first album with a Parental Advisory logo. It was released to all music streaming platforms.

Swift announced the album the day before its release.

On August 3, 2020, Billboard revealed that both folklore and its lead single, "cardigan", entered at the top of both the Billboard 200 album chart and Hot 100 singles chart. This marked Swift's sixth US number-one song and her seventh US number-one album. She became the first artist to have a song and album both debut at number one in the same week and is the only artist to have seven of her albums enter at number one. The songs "the 1" and "exile" featuring Bon Iver entered at numbers four and six of the Hot 100.

References 

Taylor Swift
2020 albums
Nil sine numine is the state motto of Colorado. In Latin, it means Nothing without the Deity or Nothing without the divine will.

References

Latin state mottos of the United States
Colorado
The 2020 Darfur attacks were three mass shootings. They occurred from 12-26 July 2020 in Darfur, Sudan, killing 89 people. They were part of the War in Darfur, which continued with major clashes in January 2021.

2020 in Africa
2020s murders in Africa
2020 attacks
History of Sudan
July 2020 events
Mass murder in 2020
Mass shootings in Africa
Mass shootings in the 2020s
Massacres in Africa
Olivia Jordan Thomas (born September 28, 1988) is an American model, actress, TV show host and beauty pageant titleholder from Oklahoma who won Miss USA 2015 and also finished 3rd in Miss Universe 2015. She was the first Oklahoman to be crowned Miss USA.

Early life & education 
She was born to Bob and Jill Thomas on September 28, 1988, in Tulsa, Oklahoma. After her high school graduation, she went to Boston to attend Boston University. She graduated in May 2011, with a Bachelor of Science in Health Sciences.

Jordan soon joined the SAG and adopted the name Olivia Jordan. She moved to Los Angeles, California, to do modeling and acting after college.  She acted in the movie Ted during college, and later acted in several other films.

Pageants 
Jordan began her career at the Miss California USA 2013 pageant, where she finished 2nd. Later that year, she was named Miss World America 2013 and competed at Miss World 2013 pageant, where she finished in the top 20 and was also finished 2nd for Top Model. 

On December 21, 2014, Jordan won Miss Oklahoma USA 2015, and went on to win Miss USA 2015 as well. She participated in Miss Universe 2015, representing the United States. She finished 3rd.

Personal life 
In 2018, she became engaged to actor Jay Hector. They married on November 8, 2019, in Palm Springs, California.

References

Other websites 
 

1988 births
American movie actors
American television actors
American television personalities
Democrats (United States)
Boston University alumni
Models from Oklahoma
Actors from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Living people
Miss USA
Amir Sarkhosh (born May 30, 1991) is an Iranian snooker player.

Amir Sarkhosh won his first international position in Lebanon in 2013 and won a solo bronze and gold team in the West Asian championship, and has won three more in a team in 2013.

Other websites 

 Amir Sarkhosh at snooker.org
 Amir Sarkhosh at snookerdatabase.co.uk 

1991 births
Snooker players
Living people
Iranian sportspeople
The U.S. Marshals Service does law enforcement for federal courts. It is mainly responsible for protecting court officers like judges in court buildings.

It is also responsible for finding fugitives, serving arrest warrants, and prisoner transport.

It is different from the FBI, which is responsible for things like counter-terrorism and going after organized crime, and which operates in multiple countries, not just the USA.

1789 establishments in the United States
Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States
Organizations based in the United States
United States Department of Justice
United States intelligence agencies
Ayumi Ishida (いしだあゆみ) is a Japanese popular actress and singer. She was born on March 26, 1948 in Nagasaki, Japan.

Ishida has officially started as a singer in 1964. Then in December, 1968 her early recording "Blue Light Yokohama" (ja:ブルー・ライト・ヨコハマ) was made public by a songwriter Kyohei Tsutsumi (筒美京平). This single recording was her biggest hit, and nominated as a best vocal performance award in Japan. Thanks to its hit, she was introduced on a then NHK program "紅白歌合戦" in the same year and became popular throughout Japan.

Ishida also acted as actress on dramas on television, too. She appeared on many movies such as "男はつらいよ".

Discography 
Her major hit songs were as follows.

太陽は泣いている
ブルー・ライト・ヨコハマ
涙の中を歩いてる
今日からあなたと
喧嘩のあとでくちづけを
あなたならどうする
砂漠のような東京で

References

Related pages 
 List of J-pop artists

Other websites 
 About Ayumi Ishida at NIPPON COLUMBIA CO., LTD.
An original recording of "Blue Light Yokohama" at YouTube
A historical stage show of "Blue Light Yokohama" on TV, 1969 at YouTube

Japanese singers
j-pop
Japanese movie actors
Terumi Koyama (小山栄美) is a Japanese professional Go player at Nihon Ki-in. Her husband, son and father in law are also professional Go players. Her mentor is Masao Kato.

Records

Notes

1970 births
Sportswomen
Japanese Go players
People from Kanagawa Prefecture
Living people
Iosco County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, 25,887 people live here. The county seat is Tawas City.

1850s establishments in Michigan
1857 establishments in the United States
Michigan counties
Iron County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, 11,817 people live here. The county seat is Crystal Falls.

1880s establishments in Michigan
1885 establishments in the United States
Michigan counties
Kalkaska County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, 17,153 people live here. The county seat is Kalkaska.

1870s establishments in Michigan
1871 establishments in the United States
Michigan counties
Keweenaw County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, 2,156 people live here. The county seat is Eagle River.

1860s establishments in Michigan
1861 establishments in the United States
Michigan counties
Willem Elmert “Wim” Scherpenhuijsen Rom (15 March 1933 – 31 July 2020) was a Dutch banker. He was co-founder of the ING Group.

Scherpenhuijsen Rom started working at NMB Bank in 1967. He was main person in the fusion between NMB Bank and Postbank in 1989. He became CEO of the ING Group in 1992. He was also highly involved in the merger of NMB Postbank Group and Nationale-Nederlanden in the early 1990s.

Scherpenhuijsen Rom died on 31 July 2020, aged 87.

References

Dutch businesspeople
Bankers
1933 births
2020 deaths
Resurreccion Borra (October 20, 1935 – August 1, 2020) was a Filipino public servant. He worked as a Career Executive Service Officer (CESO). He also was a commissioner and was the Acting Chairman of the Philippine Commission on Elections. During his term, he became known for forcing strict rules on impeachment.  He also tried to fight against bribery in mayoral races in Manila. He was also critical of the use of modern election machines in the Philippines.

Career
He was nominated to the job by then President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to be COMELEC Commissioner in 2001. He was also nominated by her in 2007 to be Chairman of the Commission on Elections. His nomination was seen as a surprising move after the sudden resignation of former Benjamin Abalos.

He was the most senior Commissioner of COMELEC. He retired in 2008. 

In 2003, an investigation and call for him to be criminally charged happened after it was found that he favored some election machine companies over others due to bribes.

Personal life
Borra was born in Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippine Islands. He died on August 1, 2020 in Manila at the age of 84.

References

1935 births
2020 deaths
Filipino politicians
Vitold Anatolievich Kreyer (, 12 October 1932 – 1 August 2020) was a Russian  triple jumper. He competed in the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics and won bronze medals in 1956 and 1960. He won the Soviet title in 1960 and 1961 but failed to reach the finals at the 1958 and 1962 European Championships.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Soviet sportspeople
Triple jumpers
Olympic bronze medalists
Stanley Thomas Edward Mellor  (10 April 1937 – 1 August 2020) was a National Hunt jockey and trainer. He was the first jockey to ride 1,000 winners and Champion Jockey three years in a row from 1960 to 1962.

Mellor died on 1 August 2020, aged 83.

References

1937 births
2020 deaths
English sportspeople
Khosrow Sinai (, 19 January 1941 – 1 August 2020) was an Iranian movie director, screenwriter, music composer and scholar. He was born in Sari, Iran. He was known for his movie In the Alleys of Love.

Sinai died on 1 August 2020 in Tehran from COVID-19, aged 79.

References

1941 births
2020 deaths
Iranian movie directors
Iranian screenwriters
Composers
Iranian educators
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran
Amar Singh (27 January 1956 – 1 August 2020) was an Indian politician. He was one of the leaders of the Samajwadi Party. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha from 2016 until his death. 

On August 1, 2020, at the age of 64, Singh died from kidney failure at a hospital in Singapore.

References

1956 births
2020 deaths
Indian politicians
Deaths from renal failure
Robert McCurdy (February 26, 1952July 29, 2020) was an American college basketball player. He played for the Richmond Spiders from 1973 to 1975. He began his collegiate career with the Virginia Cavaliers before transferring to Richmond. He was born in Deer Park, New York.

McCurdy died on July 29, 2020 from anal cancer in Connecticut, aged 68.

References

1952 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from anal cancer
American basketball players
Sportspeople from New York
Deer Park is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Babylon, Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 27,745 at the 2010 census.

References

Census-designated places in New York (state)
Hamlets in New York
Khalil Taha (13 July 1932 – 27 July 2020) was a Lebanese wrestler. At the 1951 Mediterranean Games in Alexandria Egypt, Taha won the silver medal in the 73 kg Greco-Roman wrestling.

At the 1952 Summer Olympics, he won the bronze medal in the men's Greco-Roman Welterweight category.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Lebanese people
Olympic bronze medalists
Wrestlers
William Kirk English (January 27, 1929 – July 26, 2020) was an American computer engineer. He was known for helping create the computer mouse while working for Douglas Engelbart at SRI International's Augmentation Research Center. He would later work for Xerox PARC and Sun Microsystems.

English died of respiratory failure in San Rafael, California on July 26, 2020, aged 91.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
American computer scientists
American engineers
People from Lexington, Kentucky
Scientists from Kentucky
Judith Anne Collins (born 24 February 1959) is a New Zealand politician. She has been the Leader of the New Zealand National Party and Leader of the Opposition since 14 July 2020. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Papakura since 2002. He was a government minister under John Key and Bill English.

References

1959 births
Living people
Leaders of the Opposition (New Zealand)
In particle physics, a Dirac fermion is a particle that is different from its antiparticle. This is true for most particles. In the standard model of physics, each particle has its antiparticle. They are named for Paul Dirac, and can be modeled with the Dirac equation.

A Dirac fermion is equivalent to two Weyl fermions. The counterpart to a Dirac fermion is a Majorana fermion, a particle that must be its own antiparticle. Neutrinos are particles without an electric charge, they might be Majorana fermions.

References 

Physics
Zhaksylyk Ushkempirov (6 May 1951 – 2 August 2020) was a light-flyweight Greco-Roman wrestler from Kazakhstan. He won an Olympic gold medal in 1980 and a world title in 1981.

Ushkempirov took up wrestling in 1969 and won the Soviet title in 1975 and 1980.

References

1951 births
2020 deaths
Kazakhstani sportspeople
Olympic gold medalists
Syed Iftikhar Ul Hassan (; 2 February 1942 – 2 August 2020) was a Pakistani politician. He was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 until his death. He was a member of the National Assembly from June 2013 to May 2018. He was a member of the Pakistan Muslim League (N). 

Hassan died on 2 August 2020 at the age of 78.

References

1942 births
2020 deaths
Pakistani politicians
Kamal Rani Varun (3 May 1958 – 2 August 2020) was an Indian politician. She was member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 2017 to 2020. She was also a member of Eleventh and Twelfth Lok Sabha between 1996 to 1999. She was born in Lucknow. Varun was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

On 2 August 2020, Varun died at a hospital in Lucknow at the age of 62 from COVID-19.

References

1958 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Indian politicians
José Vicente Anaya (22 January 1947 – 1 August 2020) was a Mexican writer, poet and cultural journalist. He was born in Chihuahua, Mexico. He wrote over thirty books and was part of the Infrarealism poetry movement in Mexico City. He also translated poems of Allen Ginsberg and Carl Sandburg.

Anaya died on 1 August 2020 in Mexico City, aged 73.

References

1947 births
2020 deaths
Mexican poets
Mexican journalists
Theodore Scott Yoho  (born April 13, 1955) is an American politician, veterinarian, and businessman. He was a member of the U.S. Representative from  between 2013 to 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party.

In the 2012 Republican primary election for the district, Yoho beat long-term incumbent U.S. Congressman Cliff Stearns. In December 2019, Yoho announced that he would not run for re-election to Congress in 2020.

References

1955 births
Living people
United States representatives from Florida
Businesspeople from Florida
Businesspeople from Minneapolis, Minnesota
Politicians from Minneapolis, Minnesota
US Republican Party politicians
John Roger Williams (born September 13, 1949) is an American businessman and politician. He has been the U.S. Representative for Texas's 25th congressional district since 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party. He worked for Governor Rick Perry as Secretary of State of Texas from November 2004 to July 1, 2007.

With a net worth of $27.7 million, Williams is one of the wealthiest members of Congress.

References

1949 births
Living people
United States representatives from Texas
Businesspeople from Texas
Businesspeople from Illinois
Politicians from Illinois
People from Evanston, Illinois
US Republican Party politicians
The Art of Living () is a 1965 Spanish drama movie directed by Julio Diamante (who also stars). Also starring María del Carmen Aberu, Anastasio Alemán, Beatriz Galbó, and Juan Luis Galiardo.

Other websites

1965 drama movies
Spanish drama movies
Movies directed by Julio Diamante
Tino rangatiratanga is a Māori language term that means "absolute sovereignty." Sovereignty means absolute power to rule something without someone else interfering. In this case, it refers to the ability of the Māori people (the indigenous people of New Zealand) to rule themselves and be recognized as the owners of the land. "Tino rangatiratanga" shows up in the Māori version of the Treaty of Waitangi, which they signed with the British in 1840. They were promised that they would have tino rangatiratanga forever in the treaty. However, this concept was not respected since the British colonizers took a lot of things from the Māori people. To this day, people in New Zealand do not agree on what "tino rangatiratanga" means or what kind of things it is supposed to cover.

Origin 
A rangatira is a chief in the Māori culture. The suffix -tanga is added so rangatiratanga refers to the qualities of being a chief. "Tino" is a Māori word that means "most" or "absolute." So by using this term, the British were allowing Maori chiefs to have complete control and allow them to use their powers as chiefs.

Some people think that the term can be used to describe self-determination, autonomy, or Māori independence.

Here are the meaning of the terms from an online Māori dictionary:

Tino: absolute ... used before a noun to indicate something is unrivaled or is true or genuine.

Rangatiratanga: kingdom, realm, sovereignty, principality, self-determination, self-management.

Treaty 
There is a lot of confusion about the Treaty of Waitangi because Articles 1 and 2 in the treaty say different things.

According to the Māori version of the treaty, Article 1 is talking about kawanatanga (governorship) while Article 2 is talking about tino rangatiratanga (absolute chieftainship). To them, these are two totally different concepts. Therefore, they believe that they never gave away their land rights and ability to rule themselves. In fact, a tribunal that was created to focus on the Treaty of Waitangi said that the Māori can never give up those rights and never did.

Flag 

There is a Tino rangatiratanga flag that is used to represent the Māori people.  It is red, white, and black. It was designed by Māori artists Hiraina Marsden, Jan Smith and Linda Munn in 1990 as part of a contest.

A woman named Poua Erstich came up with the meaning for the flag. The red represents the sky, the black is earth, and the white is light separating the sky and earth. The flag is supposed to show the Māori story of how the world was created.

This flag is flown next to the flag of New Zealand to show people that the land still belongs to the Māori. Sometimes, this flag is used in protests to show how certain issues are affecting Māori.

References 

Politics of New Zealand
Brick Red is a Maroon-like color. Similar to the color of a brick

The name comes from its similarity to the color of a brick.

Related pages

 List of colors

Shades of red
Saori Minami (born Akemi Shinoyama, 篠山 明美) is a retired Japanese female popular singer. She was also called "Cynthia" as a nickname.

Early life and career 
Minami was born on July 2, 1954 in Okinawa, Japan. She is bilingual in English and Japanese as her father-in-law was of the Philippine origin. In 1971, at age 17, her talent in music was discovered by a manager who worked for music company. She was recommended by him as a singer. 
Soon after that, she recorded a song "17才"(Seventeen years old), written by a songwriter Kyohei Tsutsumi. She then became popular all over Japan. She had been continuing to make hit songs in 1970s. She retired from a singer in 1978 and got married to a famous cameraman in 1979.

Discography 
Her major hit songs were as follows.

17才 (1971)
潮風のメロディー (1971)
ともだち (1972)
哀愁のページ (1972)
早春の港 (1973)
色づく街 (1973)
ひとかけらの純情 (1973)
バラのかげり (1974)
想い出通り (1975)
人恋しくて (1975)
春の予感 (1978)

References

Other websites 
Saori Minami official homepage at Sony Music.co.jp
Saori Minami solo show in 1975 at YouTube
A special article on the 50th anniversary of her debut in the weekly magazine "Gendai", or in Yahoo! News in Japanese

japanese singers
An executive order or executive decree is a rule or order, or a law made by a head of state (president or monarch) who has this power given to him by the constitution of the country. The order tells ministries, agencies, the civil service and the military of a state the things that they must do.

Executive orders can be stopped by the courts in a process called judicial review. They may be stopped by the courts or the legislature if they are against laws or against the constitution. 

However, in countries where there is no real separation of powers and the head of state is actually a dictator, the executive order cannot be stopped by the courts or the legislature, which as a result have no powers and are controlled by him. In many cases, the head of state with dictatorial powers often rules the country by making executive orders rather than making laws in the legislature which he also controls.

Executive orders have a big effect on the internal affairs of the government and on the citizens. They decide how and to what degree legislation will be enforced. They also deal with emergencies and wars.

Law
Two Guys from Milwaukee is a 1946 American comedy movie directed by David Butler and starring Dennis Morgan, Jack Carson, Joan Leslie, Janis Paige, Rosemary DeCamp. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and was followed up in 1948 by Two Guys from Texas.

Other websites
 
 

1946 movies
1940s comedy movies
American comedy movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by David Butler
Lesser Jack (Rumex spinosus) is a Mediterrenean plant that grows annually, in which its large leaves usually have three spines.

References 

Caryophyllales
The Gwichʼin langauge (Dinju Zhuh Kʼyuu in Gwichʼin) is a language spoken by the Gwichʼin people in Canada and Alaska.

Today 
Gwichʼin is now an endangered language because most Gwichʼin now speak English.

Sounds 
Gwichʼin has a lot of sounds that are not found in English.

Consonants

References 

Languages of the United States
Alaska
Canada
Nyctimystes myolae is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea.  Scientists found this frog near the village of Myola village, at 2000 meters above sea level.

This frog is brown in color.  Scientists say it is related to the common big-eyed tree frog, Nyctimystes narinosus.

References

Animals of Oceania
Frogs
The Xoloitzcuintle (), or Xolo, also known as the Mexican hairless dog, is a breed of dog from Mexico. Most have no hair but some are born with hair (coated). The Xolo also has wrinkled skin. It is found in three sizes: toy, miniature, and standard. Its name is from the Nahuatl language, where it is called xōlōitzcuintli (singular) and xōlōitzcuintin (plural). The name comes from the god Xolotl and itzcuīntli, meaning dog in Nahuatl.

References

Dog breeds
The Luck of the Irish is a 1948 American romantic fantasy comedy movie directed by Henry Koster and starring Tyrone Power, Anne Baxter, Cecil Kellaway is his Oscar nominated role, Lee J. Cobb, Jayne Meadows. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites

1948 romance movies
1940s comedy movies
1940s fantasy movies
American romantic comedy movies
American fantasy movies
American romantic fantasy movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Henry Koster
Joseph Jerome Farris (March 4, 1930 – July 23, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the Senior United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit between 1979 until his death. Farris was nominated by President Jimmy Carter. Farris was born in Birmingham, Alabama. 

Farris died on July 23, 2020 in Seattle, Washington at the age of 90.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
American judges
Politicians from Birmingham, Alabama
US Democratic Party politicians
John Randal Kleiser (born July 20, 1946) is an American movie and television director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for directing the 1978 musical romantic-comedy movie Grease. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

References

Other websites
 
  Official website

1946 births
American movie directors
American television directors
Living people
American television producers
American movie producers
American screenwriters
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
John Hume KCSG (18 January 19373 August 2020) was an Irish politician. He was a founding member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party. He was co-recipient of the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize, with David Trimble.

He was the second leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) from 1979 until 2001. He was a Member of the European Parliament and a Member of the United Kingdom Parliament, as well as a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly.

He was also a recipient of the Gandhi Peace Prize and the Martin Luther King Award. In 2012, Pope Benedict XVI made Hume a Knight Commander of the Papal Order of St. Gregory the Great.

He suffered from dementia. Hume died on 3 August 2020, at a nursing home in Derry at the age of 83.

References

1937 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Former MEPs
MEPs for the United Kingdom
Northern Ireland politicians
American Pie is an American popular song, written by a singer-songwriter Don McLean.

About 
The song was recorded and included in his album American Pie album in 1971. It reached no.1 on the Billboard hit chart. We consider this song is the longest song ever made among top hits of American popular songs. Because its playing time is beyond 8 minutes. "American Pie" was selected as the fifth important "Song of the Century", announced by the National Endowment for the Arts and the Recording Industry Association of America.

The original song in the album is accompanied by the guitar, piano and strings section. He also played the song with his guitar alone at the BBC studio live in 1972.The RollingStone reported the BBC live, too.

His original rough notes of the song has been a topic. They are often noted as an important historical piece in America. In May 2015 the original lyrics written by himself was sold in market publicly (at an auction). This news surprised people all over the world. He sold the original lyrics at auction for $1.5 million (£800,000). It is said that there are four handwritten copies of the handwritten lyrics to “American Pie.” A 18-page copy consists of 237 lines. One copy was sold at the auction as already mentioned, and a second copy sold for $100,000 in August 2017.

Opinion 
Many people say this song include a political message. Some say "the jester on the sidelines" is Bob Dylan, "the king with the thorny crown" is Elvis Presley. Others say "the quartet in the park" is The Beatles. He also sang in the song about the 1959 plane crash that ended the lives of Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and The Big Bopper .

"All roads lead to American Pie," said Don McLean of the song that made him famous. "As American as apple pie was the saying. It was some kind of a big American song that I wanted to write, which would be a conclusion for my show and bring all the songs home, which it still does. I can go anywhere I want with American music and come home to that. And it all makes sense." 

In this way, he has never been explaining the real intention or meaning of the song in the past interviews. He just said, “I was around in 1970 and now I am around in 2015... there is no poetry and very little romance in anything anymore, so it is really like the last phase of American Pie.” Many details in the song still remains in mystery, as he did not mention anymore.

Suggested reading 
What's so great about 'American Pie'? - April 7, 2015, Cable News Network
Don McLean: 'American Pie changed my life' - May 18, 2015, The Telegraph

Related pages 
 Don McLean - an American popular singer

References

Other websites 
An original version of American Pie at Youtube
American Pie live at BBC in 1972 from BBC Newsnight archives at YouTube

1971 songs
Pop songs
Mohammad Reza Navaei (, 1 December 1948 – 3 August 2020) was an Iranian lightweight freestyle wrestler. He won bronze medals at the 1973 World Wrestling Championships and 1974 Asian Games. He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was born in Tehran. 

Navaei died on 3 August 2020 in Tehran at the age of 71.

References

1948 births
2020 deaths
Wrestlers
Olympians
Sportspeople from Tehran
Keith Pontin (14 June 1956 – 2 August 2020) was a Welsh professional footballer who played as a central defender.

Pontin began his career with Cardiff City. He made nearly 200 league appearances and earning two caps for the Welsh national team. He later played for Merthyr Tydfil and Barry Town.

At the age of 59, Pontin was diagnosed with dementia.

Pontin died on 2 August 2020, aged 64.

References

1956 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Welsh footballers
Leon Fleisher (July 23, 1928 – August 2, 2020) was an American pianist and conductor. He was one of the most renowned pianists and pedagogues in the world. He was born in San Francisco, California.

He taught at Peabody Conservatory of Music, the Curtis Institute of Music, and the Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto. He co-founded and co-directed the Theater Chamber Players in 1968–2003, which was the first resident chamber ensemble of the Smithsonian Institution and of The Kennedy Center.

Fleisher died on August 2, 2020 from cancer under hospice care in Baltimore, Maryland, aged 92.

References

1928 births
2020 deaths
American pianists
American conductors
Educators from San Francisco
Cancer deaths in the United States
Musicians from San Francisco
The Wilmington insurrection of 1898, also known as the Wilmington massacre of 1898 or the Wilmington coup of 1898, happened in Wilmington, North Carolina, on Thursday, November 10, 1898. 

It is seen as a turning point in post-Reconstruction North Carolina politics. It caused more intense racial segregation of African Americans throughout the South. It made it harder for African-Americans to vote. 

The event was caused after many white supremacists took over the Wilmington city government which was controlled by both white and black men and killed the black alderman. After the event, no black politician was in charge in Wilmington.

It has been called a race riot caused by blacks by white newspapers at the time. However, over time, with more facts publicized, the event has come to be seen as a coup d'état, the violent overthrow of a duly elected government, by a group of white supremacists. It is seen as the only coup in American history. 

The coup happens with 2,000 white men. They destroyed the property and businesses of black citizens built up since the Civil War, including the only black newspaper in the city, and killed about 60 to more than 300 people.

References

1898 in the United States
African-American history
Rachel Anne Dolezal (born November 12, 1977), also known as Nkechi Amare Diallo, is a self-proclaimed black American woman who was assigned white at birth. 

She is a former college instructor and National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter president.

References

1977 births
Living people
American civil rights activists
Businesspeople from Montana
Educators from Montana
Billy Porter (born September 21, 1969) is an American actor and singer.

Porter won the 2013 Best Actor in a Musical for his role as Lola in Kinky Boots at the 67th Tony Awards. 

In 2014 Porter won the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album for Kinky Boots. He currently stars in the television series Pose for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and won the 2019 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series. 

In 2021, he confirmed he had been living with HIV for 14 years.

References

Grammy Award winners
Drama Desk Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
1969 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Singers from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
People with HIV/AIDS
Viktor Danilovich Saneyev (Georgia (country) ვიქტორ სანაევი 3 October 1945 – 3 January 2022) was a Georgian triple jumper. He competed internationally for the USSR and won four Olympic medals; three golds (1968, 1972 and 1976) and one silver (1980). He was born in Sukhumi, Georgian SSR.

Saneyev died on 3 January 2022 in Sydney, Australia, three months after his 76th birthday.

References

1945 births
2022 deaths
Triple jumpers
Sportspeople from Georgia (country)
Olympic gold medalists
Olympic silver medalists
Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers is also called JASRAC in short. Its official name in Japan is 一般社団法人日本音楽著作権協会.

JASRAC was made in 1939. It is the only organization in Japan to manage and protect copyrights in Japan.

JASRAC can only manage copyrights inside Japan. As for outside Japan (for overseas), foreign organizations such as ASCAP, Muserk manage copyrights of origins of Japan instead, according to a separete agreement with these organizations. 129 foreign organizations have relation with JASRAC.

When people in Japan uses music, videos and books for business useage,  originally produced in outside Japan must pay proper money for their copyrights. For this purpose or business, JASRAC manage copyrights in turn by legal agreements with organizations overseas such as PRS for Music, ASCAP, BMI,  SESAC, HARRY FOX AGENCY and Muserk.

Numerical information 
Numerical information on music business is made public every year. In 2019, JASRAC collected national money of 117,691,182,223 yen in total from April 1 to March 31. On the other hand, JASRAC gave 117,056,695,494 yen to members such as songwriters in total during the same period.

References

Related pages 
 American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP)
 Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ)
 Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)

Other websites 
https://www.jasrac.or.jp/ejhp/index.htm - The official website of JASRAC

Japanese music
Music industry
Organisations based in Japan
Cultural organizations
1930s establishments in Japan
1939 establishments
Abdul Hay Mosallam Zarara (10 March 1933 – 1 August 2020) was a self-taught Palestinian artist. He was born in Al-Dawayima, near Al Khalil (Hebron), in Palestine.

Mosallam was known for recreating scenes from daily life in his lost Palestinian home. Mosallam also created documentation of the recent Palestinian struggle and liberation movements in the form of painted reliefs. 

Mosallam Zarara died on 1 August 2020 in Amman, Jordan at the age of 87.

References

1933 births
2020 deaths
Palestinian people
Artists
Litoria nullicedens is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea.  Scientists found this frog on the southwestern side of Mount Obree, at 550 meters above sea level.

This frog has green coloring on the inside of its mouth.  Scientists say it is related to the northern New Guinea tree frog, Litoria graminea.

References

Animals of Oceania
Frogs
Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ‘Āina i ka Pono is the state motto of :Hawaii. In :Hawaiian, it means "The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness".

References 

Hawaii
State mottos of the United States
The Cherokee language (ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ, Tsalagi Gawonihisdi) is an endangered language spoken by the Cherokee people.

Writing system 
The Cherokee do not use the Latin alphabet (ABCs) like English does. Instead, they use their own alphabet, which looks a lot like the ABCs. Each letter represents a different syllable sound. This special alphabet was invented by a Cherokee man named Sequoyah.

Below is a chart of all the letters of the Cherokee alphabet and the sound each one makes.

Notes:
 In the chart, ‘v’ represents a nasal vowel, which is pronounced like "ung" in "lung".
 The character Ꮩ do is shown upside-down in some fonts. It should look like the Latin letter V.

Grammar 
The Cherokee language uses many prefixes and suffixes.

References 

Languages of the United States
Tonal languages
Oklahoma
Gustaf Caspar Orm Skarsgård (born 12 November 1980) is a Swedish actor. He is best known outside Scandinavia for his role as Floki in the History Channel series Vikings as well as for his roles in the movies Evil (2003), The Way Back (2010) and Kon-Tiki (2012). He also played Karl Strand in the second season of the HBO series Westworld.

Early life 

Gustaf Skarsgård was born in Stockholm, Sweden, to Swedish actor Stellan Skarsgård and his first wife, My, a physician. He has five siblings: Alexander, Sam, Bill, Eija and Valter, and two half-brothers Ossian and Kolbjörn from his father's second wife, Megan Everett. Alexander, Bill, and Valter are also actors. His godfather is Swedish actor Peter Stormare.

Career 
In 1989, as a nine-year-old, Gustaf Skarsgård acted in the Swedish Film Codename Coq Rouge. After attending Teaterhögskolan in Stockholm from 1999 to 2003, Gustaf Skarsgård joined the Royal Dramatic Theatre. He played in several of Shakespeare’s, Chekhov's and Söderberg’s works both on the Royal Dramatic Theatre and on Stockholm City Theatre. In 2003 he performed in Evil and 2008 in Patrik 1,5. For both roles he was nominated for the Guldbagge Awards as Best Supporting Actor and as Best Leading Actor. Finally, he received the prize as Best Leading Actor for his role in Förortsungar. In 2012, Skarsgård joined the History Channel's series Vikings in the role of Floki, the shipbuilder.

Personal life 
Gustaf Skarsgård was in a long term relationship with actress Hanna Alström from 1999 to 2005.

Awards and distinctions 

Skarsgård won a Guldbagge Awards for Kidz In da Hood. He won the European Film Academy’s Shooting Stars Award in 2007.

Notes

References

Other websites 

 
 

1980 births
Swedish movie actors
Swedish television actors
Swedish stage actors
Swedish voice actors
Actors from Stockholm
Living people
"Bart's Friend Falls in Love" is the 22nd episode of the 3rd season of The Simpsons. It was first shown on television on May 7, 1992. In the episode, Bart's friend Milhouse gets a girlfriend named Samantha Stanky. Bart gets jealous and tells Samantha's father about the relationship. Samantha's father sends her to a different school that only allows girls. While this happens, Homer tries to lose weight using a subliminal stimuli cassette tape. However, Homer is given a tape about using better vocabulary instead.

The beginning of the episode is a parody of the movie Raiders of the Lost Ark. The end of the episode is a parody of the movie Casablanca.

Story 

Milhouse shows Bart his new toy, a Magic 8-Ball. Bart asks the Magic 8-Ball if he and Milhouse will still be friends at the end of the day. The Magic 8-Ball says that they will not. A girl from Phoenix, Arizona named Samantha Stanky becomes a new student at the Springfield Elementary School. Milhouse falls in love with Samantha. When school is over, Milhouse brings Samantha to Bart's treehouse and kiss each other. 

Milhouse does not spend time with Bart anymore. This makes Bart feel jealous and left out. Bart tells Samantha's father about her relationship. Samantha's father gets angry at her and puts her in a catholic school that is for girls. Bart starts to feel guilty when he sees that Milhouse is very sad, so he tells Milhouse that he told Samantha's father about the relationship. Milhouse gets very angry and fights Bart. When they calm down, they go to the school that Samantha has been put in. Samantha loves the new school, but she still loves Milhouse. She kisses Milhouse, knowing that she will get punished for doing so.

While this happens, Lisa thinks that Homer is too obese. Marge orders a cassette tape that will subliminally get Homer to lose weight. However, they are given a tape on how to have better vocabulary. Homer has been using more complex words, but he is also getting more weight. When Homer finds out that the tape is only making him more obese, he throws the tape away and no longer uses complex words.

Reception 

Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide said that the episode is a "keeper". He says that the episode "gets into pre-teen emotions but never becomes sappy." He also says that the other story with Homer "provides terrific laughs as well." Nate Meyers of Digitally Obsessed thought it was tough to see Milhouse in a relationship, but said "Still, the love triangle makes for some interesting drama". Bill Gibron of DVD Verdict thought that the main story was "drawn out" but liked the story with Homer. Nathan Ditum of Total Film and Colin Kennedy of Empire said that the episode's parody of Raiders of the Lost Ark is the best movie parody of the show.

References

Other websites 

The Simpsons (season 3) episodes
1992 television episodes
Darleen Carr (born December 12, 1950) is an American actress, singer, and voice-over artist.  She has also been credited as Darlene Carr or Darleen Drake. She has two sisters, both actresses (Shannon Farnon and Charmian Carr).

Career
Carr's only television series in which she had a lead billing was the short-lived CBS sitcom Miss Winslow & Son (1979), in which she played Susan Winslow, the single mother and titular character. In 1965-1966, Carr played Kathy, a student at a private girls' academy in California on The John Forsythe Show. She was a regular on the 1969 version of the NBC variety series Dean Martin Presents the Gold Diggers  and played Cindy Smith in the 1971-1972 ABC comedy-drama The Smith Family. Carr also had recurring roles as Margaret Devlin in the western series The Oregon Trail (1977)  and the editor, reporter and photographer of the town newspaper in the 1981–1982 television series Bret Maverick. 

Carr portrayed Kathleen "Kick" Kennedy, John F. Kennedy's favorite sister, in a television movie, Young Joe, the Forgotten Kennedy. She appeared in the miniseries Once an Eagle (1976). She portrayed the daughter of Karl Malden's character on 12 episodes of The Streets of San Francisco (1972–77), as well as in the TV movie sequel, Back to the Streets of San Francisco (1992).

On television during the 1970s and 1980s she was a guest on such shows as The F.B.I. (on 2 episodes), The Virginian,Alias Smith and Jones, Marcus Welby M.D. (2 episodes), Chopper One, The Rookies (3 episodes), The Waltons, S.W.A.T., Medical Center (3 episodes), Man from Atlantis, Fantasy Island, The Paper Chase, Barnaby Jones (3 episodes), The White Shadow, Vega$, Quincy M.E., Charlie's Angels, V, Murder, She Wrote, Magnum, P.I., and Simon & Simon (4 episodes).  In 1994 she appeared as Ambassador E'Tyshra on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.

Her movie roles included appearances in Monkeys, Go Home! (1967) —her movie debut, The Impossible Years (1968) with David Niven, Death of a Gunfighter (1969) with Richard Widmark, The Beguiled (1971) with Clint Eastwood, Eight Days a Week (1997) with Keri Russell, and TV horror movies such as The Horror at 37,000 Feet (1973) and the TV remake of Piranha (1995).

She is also a singer and sang in The Sound of Music, dubbing the high singing voice for Duane Chase as Kurt, and in Walt Disney's The Jungle Book, as The Girl. She released an album, The Carr-DeBelles Band, in 1988.

Personal life
Carr was married to Jason Laskay for two years before they separated in the 1970s. She later married Zelko Megovetich, a horse trainer. They had a son who died of Duncan’s Disease in 1981. She was married to actor Jameson Parker.

References

Other websites
 

1950 births
American television actors
American movie actors
American voice actors
American child actors
Actors from Chicago
Singers from Chicago
Emil Ciocoiu (13 September 1948 – 1 August 2020) was a Romanian painter and photographer.

In 1972, he won the Musée 2000 Prize in Luxembourg, and the City of Bucharest awarded him the scholarship of Theodor Aman in 1975.

From 1994 to 2000, Ciocoiu's works were displayed at the Salon des indépendants in Paris. In 1997, the European Parliament organized an exhibition of his paintings.

Ciocoiu died on 1 August 2020, aged 71.

References

1948 births
2020 deaths
Painters
Photographers
Romanian people
John Clifford Otto (1948 – August 1, 2020) was an American Republican politician. He was a member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 18 from 2004 to 2017. He was born in Dayton, Texas.

Otto died on August 1, 2020 in Dayton, Texas at the age of 71.

References

1948 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Texas
US Republican Party politicians
David L. Gunn (born June 21, 1937) is an American transportation businessman. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

He was Director of Operations of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) from 1975 to 1979, General Manager and Chief Operations Officer of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) from 1979 to 1984, President of the New York City Transit Authority from 1984 to 1990, the General Manager at WMATA (the Washington Metro) from 1991 to 1994, and Chief General Manager of the Toronto Transit Commission in Canada from 1995 to 1999.

In 2002, Gunn became president of Amtrak. He was fired in 2005.

References

1937 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Boston, Massachusetts