cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Riffat Hassan (born 1943 in Lahore) is a Pakistani-American feminist and Islamic scholar of the Quran.

She studied from Durham University, England and later moved to the United States where she is a professor in a university. 

She is a strong supporter of 'Progressive Islam' and of the right of abortion and to the access to contraception for Muslim women.

References

1943 births
Living people
Abortion-rights activists
American academics
American feminists
American Muslims
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Pakistani Muslims
People from Lahore
Atomic Betty is an English-French TV show. It is produced by Atomic Cartoons, Breakthrough Films & Television, and Tele Images Kids. It is about a girl named Betty who enjoys school, daydreaming, Science fiction movies and singing in her band.  She lives in Moose Jaw Heights, a fictional place in Saskatchewan. Atomic Betty is assisted by her pilot Sparky and a robot named X-5. She confronts the evil overlord Maximus I.Q. (including Minimus) and other intergalactic supervillains. Atomic Betty is a superstar throughout the galaxy.

Danish Voice Cast
 Trine Glud – Atomic Betty
 Malte Milner Find – Noah Parker

Additional Voices
 Laus Høybye
 Timm Mehrens

References

Other websites 
Atomic Betty
Atomic Betty  at The Hub
 
 

Canadian animated television series
French television series
2004 television series debuts
2008 television series endings
English-language television programs
2004 British television series debuts
The Planning Institute of Paris is a scientific research institute and university graduate training in the field of urban planning. It is in the Paris 12 Val de Marne University campus, France. The institute was established in 1919. It is a member of AESOP (Association of European Schools of Planning) and the French Urbanism Institute.

Other websites 
  Planning Institute of Paris  

Urban planning organizations
1919 establishments in France
Paris
Research organizations in Europe
The French Urbanism Institute (IFU) is a scientific research institute in the Université de Marne-la-Vallée near Paris, France. The institute was established in 1969 after the establishment of the Planning Institute of Paris in 1919.

Other websites 
 French Urbanism Institute 

Urban planning organizations
1919 establishments in France
Paris
Research organizations in Europe
For the Boys is a 1991 romantic comedy-drama movie. It is about Dixie Leonard, a singer and actress in the 1940s. Leonard performs to entertain American war troops. Bette Midler plays Dixie Leonard. James Caan plays Eddie Sparks.

Some critics liked the movie. Some did not like it. It did not make much money.

1990s romantic comedy movies
1990s romantic drama movies
1991 comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
Movies directed by Mark Rydell
The Last Boy Scout is a 1991 American action crime thriller movie. Damon Wayans plays Jimmy Dix. Bruce Willis plays Joe. Halle Berry plays Cory. Danielle Harris plays Darian.

This movie was released on December 13, 1991. It got mixed reviews from critics.

Release Dates

Other websites 
 
 

1991 action movies
1991 crime movies
1991 thriller movies
1990s action thriller movies
1990s buddy movies
1990s crime thriller movies
American action thriller movies
American buddy movies
American crime thriller movies
English-language movies
Movies about abduction
Movies about drugs
Movies about murderers
Warner Bros. movies
Nellie Paulina Burgin (July 14, 1930 – September 20, 2014), better known by her stage name Polly Bergen, was an American actress, singer, television host, and businesswoman.

Biography
In 1958, Bergen won an Emmy Award for her role as Helen Morgan in the Playhouse 90 drama series The Helen Morgan Story. She also was awarded with a Tony Award in 2001 for her role as Carlotta Campion in Follies. In the early 1960s, she was nominated with two Golden Globe Award for Cape Fear (1962) and The Caretakers (1963). From 1957 to 1958, she hosted The Polly Bergen Show, an NBC comedy/variety show for 18 episodes. She also had an Emmy-nominated guest role in the television series Desperate Housewives as Stella Wingfield from 2007 until 2011.

Bergen was born in Knoxville, Tennessee to a Southern Baptist family. She was married three times, all ending in divorce. She was first married to Jeffrey Endervelt from 1950 until 1955. She then married theatrical agent/movie producer Freddie Fields from 1956 until 1973. They had three children, two of which her adopted. She was later married to Jeffrey Endervelt from 1982 until 1990. During her marriage to Fields, she became Jewish.

Bergen died from heart failure on September 20, 2014 in Southbury, Connecticut. She was 84. She had emphysema since the 1990s, caused by fifty years of smoking.

References

Other websites

 

1930 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Tennessee
Businesspeople from Tennessee
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American television presenters
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from emphysema
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Emmy Award winning actors
Jewish American actors
Jewish American musicians
People from Knoxville, Tennessee
Singers from Tennessee
Tony Award winning actors
Dina Merrill (December 29, 1923 – May 22, 2017) was an American actress, socialite, businesswoman and philanthropist. She is known for her roles in Operation Petticoat, The Sundowners, BUtterfield 8, The Courtship of Eddie's Father, and in Caddyshack II.

Merrill died on May 22, 2017 at her East Hampton, New York home from dementia at the age of 93.

References

Other websites
 

1923 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in New York
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American philanthropists
Actors from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
Lynbrook is a village in Nassau County, New York, USA. The population was 19,427 at the 2010 census. The Incorporated Village of Lynbrook is inside the Town of Hempstead. The Village of Lynbrook's current mayor is William Hendrick.

Towns in New York
Francisco Feliciano (19 February 1941 – 19 September 2014) was a Filipino composer and conductor. He was a National Artist of the Philippines for Music. Feliciano was born in 1941, in Morong, Rizal. In 2014, Feliciano was named one of six National Artists of America, together with five other persons.

Feliciano died in Manila, Philippines from unknown causes, aged 73.

References

1941 births
2014 deaths
Filipino people
Composers
Conductors
"Ghostbusters" is a 1984 song recorded by Ray Parker, Jr. as the theme to the movie of the same name starring Bill Murray, Harold Ramis and Dan Aykroyd. 

The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 on August 11, 1984. It stayed there for three weeks. It was at number two on the UK Singles Chart on September 16, 1984. It stayed there for three weeks. The song re-entered the UK Top 75 on November 2, 2008, at No. 49.

It was nominated at the Academy Award for Best Music, Original Song, but lost to Stevie Wonder's "I Just Called to Say I Love You".

1984 songs
Ghostbusters
Rock music
Iain Somerled MacDonald MacCormick (28 September 1939 – 19 September 2014) was a Scottish politician. He was a member of the Scottish National Party (SNP). He was MP for Argyllshire from 28 February 1974 until 7 April 1979. He was also a member of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) from 1981 until 1988.

MacCormick was educated in Glasgow. He also worked as a high school teacher in his town.

MacCormick died on 19 September 2014 in Oban, Argyll and Bute, aged 74. The day before he voted in the Scottish independence referendum.

References

Other websites
 Iain MacCormick at TheyWorkForYou

1939 births
2014 deaths
British teachers
Disease-related deaths in the United Kingdom
Former members of the British House of Commons for Scottish constituencies
Scottish Parliament Members
Scottish politicians
A rootkit is a computer virus which allows someone to take control on your computer. It is very dangerous. 

It is a stealthy type of software, typically malicious, designed to hide the existence of certain processes or programs from normal methods of detection. It allows continued secret access to a computer.

References 

Malware
Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy comedy movie. It was directed and co-written by Harold Ramis. It stars Bill Murray, Andie MacDowell, Chris Elliott, Brian Doyle-Murray, Stephen Tobolowsky, Angela Paton and Michael Shannon with David Pasquesi. It was also co-written by Danny Rubin. The movie is about a weatherman in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania who finds himself in a time loop after covering Groundhog Day. He begins to re-think his life after hedonism and suicide attempts.

The movie was released on February 12, 1993 and got good reviews. It made $70,906,973 at the box office.

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1993 comedy-drama movies
1990s fantasy movies
American comedy-drama movies
American fantasy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh in fiction
Movies directed by Harold Ramis
Bladderworts are  Utricularia, a genus of carnivorous plants.   
There are about 230 species. They occur in fresh water and wet soil as terrestrial or aquatic species. They live in every continent except Antarctica. Bladderworts are cultivated for their flowers, which are rather like those of snapdragons and orchids.

All Utricularia are carnivorous and capture small organisms by means of bladder-like traps. Terrestrial species tend to have tiny traps that feed on minute prey such as protozoa and rotifers swimming in water-saturated soil.

The traps range in size from 0.2 mm to 1.2 cm. Aquatic species, such as U. vulgaris (common bladderwort), have bladders that are usually larger and can feed on water fleas (Daphnia), nematodes, even tiny fish, mosquito larvae and young tadpoles.

Despite their small size, the traps are extremely sophisticated. In aquatic species, prey brush against trigger hairs connected to the trapdoor. The bladder, when "set", is under negative pressure: when the trapdoor is triggered, the prey, with the water around it, is sucked into the bladder. Once the bladder is full of water, the door closes again. The whole process takes only ten to fifteen thousandths of a second.

Bladderworts are unusual and highly specialized plants. The bladder traps are recognized as one of the most sophisticated structures in the plant kingdom.

References 

Lamiales
Rapid plant movement
Carnivorous plants
Harold & Kumar is an American series of stoner comedy movies. There are three movies in total. The movies star John Cho (Harold), Kal Penn (Kumar) and Neil Patrick Harris (himself). The first movie, Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle, was released on July 30, 2004. The second movie, Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay, was released on April 25, 2008. The third and final movie, A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas, was released on November 4, 2011. The reviews of each movie has been mixed, but they have all done well at the box office.

Other websites
 
 
 
 

2000s comedy movies
2010s comedy movies
American comedy movies
Buddy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Alabama
Movies set in Miami, Florida
Movies set in New Jersey
Movies set in Texas
Series of movies
Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle (also known as Harold & Kumar Get the Munchies) is a 2004 American stoner comedy movie. It is the first movie in the Harold & Kumar series. It is directed by Danny Leiner. It stars John Cho, Kal Penn, Neil Patrick Harris, Fred Willard, Bobby Lee, Christopher Meloni, Ryan Reynolds and Malin Åkerman. It is written by Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg. The movie was released on July 30, 2004 by Warner Bros. It received mixed reviews, but did well at the box office. The movie's sequel, Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay, was released on April 25, 2008 by Warner Bros.

The movie is about two friends, Harold and Kumar, as they go to the fast food restaurant White Castle after smoking cannabis, but end up on a series of misadventures when they cannot find the restaurant.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

2004 comedy movies
2000s adventure movies
2000s road movies
Buddy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in New Jersey
American road movies
American comedy movies
New Line Cinema movies
Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay is a 2008 American stoner comedy movie. It is the second movie in the Harold & Kumar series. It stars John Cho, Kal Penn, Paula Garcés, Neil Patrick Harris, Jon Reep, Rob Corddry and Ed Helms. It is directed/produced/written by Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg. The movie was released on April 25, 2008 by Warner Bros. It received mixed reviews, but did well at the box office.

The movie follows the event after Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle with Harold and Kumar flying to Amsterdam in the Netherlands. They are then imprisoned and end up on a series of misadventures when they escape from Guantanamo Bay.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

2008 comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Alabama
Movies set in Miami, Florida
Movies set in Texas
2000s LGBT movies
American buddy comedy movies
American sequel movies
American movies
American LGBT movies
Movies set in the Netherlands
Movies set in 2004
New Line Cinema movies
James Robert Douglas "Rob" Bironas (January 29, 1978 – September 20, 2014) was an American Football placekicker. He played college football for the Georgia Southern University Eagles. He played 144 games in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Tennessee Titans. During his NFL career, he was named to the All-Pro team and was selected to play in the Pro Bowl in 2007. He has also played for the Charleston Swamp Foxes, Carolina Cobras, and New York Dragons of the Arena Football League (AFL). Bironas was released by the Titans on March 19, 2014.

On September 20, 2014, Bironas was involved in a car crash when he lost control of his SUV and swerved off of the road, hitting several trees and turning his vehicle upside down. He was taken to Vanderbilt University Medical Center, but was pronounced dead.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1978 births
2014 deaths
American football placekickers
Sportspeople from Louisville, Kentucky
Road accident deaths in the United States
Tennessee Titans players
A grammar school is one of several different types of school in  the United Kingdom and some other English-speaking countries. 

The term has been used for several centuries. Originally, they were schools teaching Latin. More recently, they are academically-oriented secondary schools. 

In the late Victorian era grammar schools were reorganised for secondary education throughout England and Wales. Scotland had developed a different system. Grammar schools were also established in British territories overseas, where they have evolved in different ways.

They were described as "the selective tier of state-funded secondary education in England and Wales". 
Grammar schools became "selective" in the mid-20th century, after World War II. This means they selected applicants whom they thought would get the most out of that kind of education. The selection was done by means of an 11+ test which included an IQ test. This was designed so that it was more based on native ability, rather than taught learning. 

Labour governments in the 1960s and 70s made efforts to replace grammar schools with comprehensive schools. Comprehensive schools were open to children of all abilities, similar to high schools in the United States.

As a result, in the 1960s and 1970s some grammar schools became fully independent and charged fees. Many others were abolished or became comprehensive. In both cases, many of these schools kept "grammar school" in their names. There are still 164 state-run grammar schools in existence.

References 

Types of educational institutions
Schools in the United Kingdom
Valeria Golino (born 22 October 1965) is an Italian director and actress. She played Susanna in Rain Man. She played Ramada in Hot Shots!.

Golino was born in Naples, Italy. She was raised in Sorrento and Athens.

References

Actors from Campania
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
People from Athens
People from Naples
1965 births
Living people
George Radwanski (February 28, 1947 – September 18, 2014) was a Canadian public servant, policy adviser, journalist and author. In his journalism career, Radwanski won two National Newspaper Awards for editorial writing. 

In 1971, he published No Mandate But Terror with Kendal Windeyer, an account of the October Crisis.  In 1978, he published Trudeau, a best-selling political biography of then-Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau.

Radwanski died of a heart attack on September 18, 2014 in Montreal, Quebec, aged 67.

References

1947 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Canadian writers
Canadian journalists
Civil servants
Sacrifice (2010) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). It was held on May 16, 2010 at the TNA Impact! Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the sixth Sacrifice event that TNA held.

There were nine matches on the card. The main event saw Rob Van Dam defeat A.J. Styles to retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official TNA Sacrifice website

2010 in American television
2010 in professional wrestling
Sports in Orlando, Florida
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling pay-per-view events
2010s in Orlando, Florida
May events
Vincent Francis "Vince" Callahan Jr. (October 30, 1931 – September 20, 2014) was an American politician. He served for 40 years as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates.

From January 1968 to January 2008, he represented the 34th district in the Virginia House of Delegates. At the time of his retirement, he was the longest-serving Republican in the Virginia General Assembly.

On September 20, 2014, Callahan died of West Nile virus at the age of 82.

References

Other websites
Bio, courtesy of the Virginia General Assembly

1931 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from West Nile virus
US Republican Party politicians
Politicians from Virginia
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
James Carlyle Marsters (April 5, 1924 – July 28, 2009) was a deaf  American orthodontist. In 1964, he helped invent the first teletypewriter device that could be used with telephone lines. The device let deaf people communicate by telephone. Although Robert Weitbrecht did much of the actual design work, Marsters promoted the device's use.

Marsters was born in Norwich, New York.

Marsters died in Pasadena, California from heart disease and West Nile virus, aged 85.

References

1924 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
Deaths from West Nile virus
American inventors
Scientists from New York
"I Wanna be Down" is a 1994 major hit song by Brandy Norwood. The single is about her flirting with a boy, whom she tries to show that she is sexy. The song was released in September 1994.

The song hit #6 on Billboard Hot 100. It also hit #1 on Billboard Hot R&B Singles Chart for four weeks.

1994 songs
Brandy songs
"Best Friend" is a 1995 song by Brandy Norwood. The song was released in June 1995.

The song peaked at #7 on the Hot R&B/Hip Hop Songs Chart. It peaked at #34 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The song was used on Norwood's show Moesha.

1995 songs
Brandy songs
The S.O.S. Band (sometimes written SOS Band; abbreviation for Sounds Of Success) is an American R&B and electro-funk group who gained fame in the 1980s. They are best known for the songs "Take Your Time (Do It Right)," "Just Be Good to Me," "Tell Me If You Still Care," and "The Finest."

History
The band was founded in Atlanta, Georgia in 1977. The original group members included Willie "Sonny" Killebrew (saxophone), Billy Ellis (flute), Jason "T.C." Bryant (keyboards), Bruno Speight (guitar), John Simpson (bass), James Earl Jones III (drums), and Mary Davis (lead vocals, keyboards). It was originally known as Santa Monica, but later changed its name to The S.O.S. Band- an acronym for Sounds of Success. After listening to its demo and being impressed with their sound, Tabu Records founder Clarence Avant signed the group to its first recording contract.

In 1980, the group released its first hit single, "Take Your Time (Do It Right)", which was certified platinum and sold over 2 million copies. Its debut album, S.O.S., went gold and sold over 800,000 copies. Trumpeter, vocalist, and percussionist Abdul Ra'oof joined the band while it was on a world tour.

In 1983, the band joined forces with then-new production team of Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, who went on to craft a string of R&B hits for the group, which included "Just Be Good to Me," "High Hopes," "Tell Me If You Still Care," "Borrowed Love," "No One's Gonna Love You," "Just the Way You Like It," and "The Finest."

Lead vocalist Mary Davis left the group in 1987 to pursue a solo career, and was replaced by Chandra Currelley beginning with the band's 1989 Diamonds in the Raw album. They recorded another album with Currelley - 1991's One of Many Nights, which featured a few songs with a guest appearance from a then-unknown Kurupt.

More recently, Currelley has been active as an actress and vocalist in Tyler Perry plays and movies. When Davis’s solo career was not as successful as she hoped, she reunited with the band in 1994. Since then, Davis spilt from the remaining members of The S.O.S. Band, with Davis and Speight both touring using the band's name with their versions of the current lineup.

In 2013, The S.O.S. Band's entire Tabu Records catalog was reissued, as Tabu licensed their brand and trademark to British-based record label Demon Music Group.

Discography
All albums and singles listed below were issued on Tabu Records.

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Singles

References

Other websites
 

1977 establishments in the United States
American R&B bands
Musical groups established in 1977
George Sluizer (25 June 1932 – 20 September 2014) was a Dutch movie director. His best known movies were Utz (1992), The Vanishing (1993) and Dark Blood (2012). He also made documentary movies.

Sluizer was born in Paris, France. His parents were Dutch and Norwegian. He claimed to see Israeli politician Ariel Sharon kill two Palestinian children in Lebanon sometime in 1982, which was not reported on until 2010.

Sluizer died from cardiovascular disease on 20 September 2014 in Amsterdam, North Holland, aged 82. He had been in ill-health since 2007.

References

Other websites
 
 

1932 births
2014 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the Netherlands
Dutch artists
Dutch movie directors
Dutch movie producers
Dutch screenwriters
Movie directors from Paris
Movie producers from Paris
Writers from Paris
Eric Shaun Lynch (March 11, 1975 – September 20, 2014), also known as Eric the Midget or Eric the Actor, was an American actor and radio personality. He was a member of The Howard Stern Show's Wack Pack from 2002 until his death. He also appeared in television series such as In Plain Sight, Fringe, Legit and American Dreams.

Lynch was born in Rodeo, California. He was  tall, which would make him a dwarf, and weighed . He also used a motorized wheelchair. He claimed to have outlived every doctor's lifespan that was given to him.

Lynch died from multiple organ failure on September 20, 2014 at a hospital in Sacramento, California. He was 39.

References

Other websites
 
 

1975 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Contra Costa County, California
American movie actors
American radio personalities
American television actors
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from liver failure
Deaths from renal failure
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Actors from Sacramento, California
The death and state funeral of Pierre Trudeau took place in September 2000. Pierre Trudeau was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada, serving from 1968 to 1984, with a brief interruption in 1979–1980. 

Trudeau died on September 28, 2000. His coffin lay in state on Parliament Hill from September 30 to October 1 and the following day at Montréal City Hall. On October 3, a state funeral was held at Notre-Dame Basilica in Montreal.

The official state funeral was held at Montreal's Notre-Dame Basilica on October 3, 2000.

The day began at City Hall. Trudeau's family spent some moments alone with his casket before it was removed and driven to the Basilica, accompanied by ten RCMP officers marching alongside. Along the route, some clapped, while others wept, waved Canadian flags or simply stood silently as Trudeau made his final journey through his native Montreal.

Other websites
CBC Coverage of the Passing of Pierre Trudeau
CTV Coverage of the Passing of Pierre Trudeau 
Detailed account of the funeral liturgy at the Basilica of Our Lady, Montreal in Ship of Fools

Trudeau, Pierre
September events
2000 in North America
2000s in Canada
Sally Perkins Rutter (also Gale Page; July 29, 1910 – January 8, 1983) was an American actress. She appeared in only sixteen movies during her career. She played Madge in You Can't Get Away with Murder. She also played Katie in Anna Lucasta.

She was born in Spokane, Washington. She died from lung cancer in Santa Monica, California at age 69.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Washington
1910 births
1983 deaths
Maria Helena Kaczyńska (; née Mackiewicz; 21 August 1942 – 10 April 2010) was the First Lady of Poland from 2005 through 2010. She was the wife of President Lech Kaczyński.

On 10 April 2010, 10:41 MSD (06:41 UTC), Maria Kaczyńska, and her husband, Polish President Lech Kaczyński, died when the Polish Air Force Tupolev Tu-154M they were aboard crashed while attempting to land at Smolensk-North Airport in the Russian city of Smolensk. All 89 passengers on board and the 7 crew members were killed.

References

Other websites

Polish First Lady's official website 
Maria Kaczyńska official biography (in English) 

1942 births
2010 deaths
Aviation deaths
First Ladies of Poland
Civil servants
Elsa-Marianne von Rosen (21 April 1924 – 7 September 2014) was a Swedish ballet dancer, choreographer and actress. She peformed all over Scandinavia. She acted between 1939 and 1970. She appeared in the television series Tales of Hans Anderson. In 1984, she was given the Royal Medal of Merit Litteris et artibus. She also directed ballet plays outside of Scandinavia, in Monaco, the United States, the United Kingdom and Russia.

Von Rosen was born in Stockholm. She was the daughter of the artist Count Reinhold von Rosen and his first wife Elisabeth Österyd. In 1950, she married editor Allan Fridericia (1921–1991). They soon after moved to Denmark.

Von Rosen died from natural causes on 7 September 2014 in Copenhagen. She was 90.

References

Other websites
 Elsa-Marianne von Rosen at The Ballerina Gallery
 

1924 births
2014 deaths
Ballerinas
Choreographers
Deaths from natural causes
Actors from Stockholm
Swedish movie actors
Swedish stage actors
Swedish television actors
Ballet dancers
Swedish artists
Swedish nobility
Helepolis (, English: "Taker of Cities") was an ancient siege engine. It was used in the unsuccessful siege of Rhodes in 305 BC. It is based on an earlier, smaller design used against Salamis in 306 BC. The name was taken from the Greek "ελείν πόλεις", meaning destroyer of cities.  Vitruvius, Plutarch, and in the Athenaeus Mechanicus. It was the largest and most powerful siege tower ever built.

References 

Ancient Greece
Weapons
A copper wire is a single electrical conductor made of copper. It can be insulated or uninsulated. A copper cable is a group of two or more copper wires bundled together in a single sheath or jacket. Copper wire and cable is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. It has been useful ever since telegraphs and electromagnets were invented.

Copper is the most widely used conductor in many kinds of electrical wiring. Copper has the lowest resistance to the flow of electricity of all non-precious metals. Electrical wiring in buildings is the most important market for the copper industry. About half of all copper mined is used to make electrical wire and cable conductors.

Properties of copper useful for the copper wire 
 Electrical conductivity
 Tensile strength
 Ductility
 Strength and ductility combination
 Creep resistance - the copper does not change a lot because of heat.
 Corrosion resistance
 Coefficient of thermal expansion
 Thermal conductivity 
 Solderability
 Ease of installation

References 
        

Electrical wiring
Earl John Hindman (October 20, 1942 – December 29, 2003) was an American actor. He is known for his role as the neighbor (whose whole face was always hidden from television viewers) Wilson W. Wilson Jr. in the television sitcom Home Improvement (1991–1999), starring Tim Allen. He also appeared in the television movie Kojak: The Price of Justice (1987).

Hindman was born in Bisbee, Arizona. He married actress Molly McGreevey in 1976.

Hindman died from lung cancer on December 29, 2003, in Stamford, Connecticut. He was 61.

References

Other websites
 
 

1942 births
2003 deaths
Actors from Arizona
Actors from Stamford, Connecticut
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from lung cancer
Autophila rosea is a moth of the Erebidae family. Staudinger used the scientific name in 1888.

References

 Autophila rosea in lepidoptera

Erebidae
Moths
Cymothoa exigua, or the tongue-eating louse, is a crustacean, a parasitic isopod. 

This parasite enters fish through the gills, and then attaches itself. The female attaches to the fish's tongue, and the male attaches on the gill arches beneath and behind the female. The female parasite destroys the fish's tongue. Then it attaches itself to the stub of what was once the tongue and becomes the fish's new tongue.

Behavior
Cymothoa exigua gets blood through the claws on its front, causing the tongue to atrophy (wither) from lack of blood. The parasite then replaces the fish's tongue by attaching its own body to the muscles of the tongue stub. 

The fish is able to use the parasite just like a normal tongue. It appears that the parasite does not cause any other damage to the host fish. Once C. exigua replaces the tongue, some feed on the host's blood and many others feed on fish mucus. This is the only known case of a parasite replacing the function of a host organ. There are many species of Cymothoa, but only C. exigua is known to consume and replace its host's tongue.

References 

Crustaceans
Parasites
Jean-Pierre "J. P." Dumont (born April 1, 1978) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. Dumont played 12 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Blackhawks, Buffalo Sabres, and Nashville Predators. He also played for SC Bern of the National League A (NLA).

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Dumont played 4 seasons with the Val-d'Or Foreurs of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). He was drafted with the 3rd overall pick by the New York Islanders in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. Dumont had a contract dispute with the Islanders and they traded him and a 5th round draft pick to the Chicago Blackhawks for Dmitri Nabokov in 1998.

Dumont played 72 games over two seasons with the Blackhawks and in March 2000, he was traded along with Doug Gilmour and a draft pick to the Buffalo Sabres for Michal Grosek. Dumont played 5 seasons with the Sabres and was named their captain in January 2004.

After the Sabres rejected Dumont's $2.9-million arbitration award, he signed a two-year, $4.5-million contract with the Nashville Predators on August 29, 2006. On June 30, 2011, the Predators bought out Dumont's contract and he became an unrestricted free agent for July 1. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2013.  Since retiring, Dumont is currently a member of tag HC Nashville which is based in Nashville, Tennessee.

References

Other websites

1978 births
American Hockey League players
Buffalo Sabres players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Living people
Nashville Predators players
Sportspeople from Montreal
Val-d'Or Foreurs players
Montek Singh Ahluwalia (born 24 November 1943) is an Indian economist and civil servant. He was the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission of the Republic of India. The position has the rank of a Cabinet Minister. He resigned from the post in 2014. This was before the end of the UPA II regime in the center. Before this, he was the first Director of the Independent Evaluation Office at the International Monetary Fund.

References

Living people
1943 births
Indian economists
Indian scientists
Indian politicians
Georges Jacques Danton (26 October 1759 – 5 April 1794) was a politician during the French Revolution.He was a member of the city council of Paris, minister of justice and head of the Provisional Executive Council, member of the Convention, member of the National Assembly, and he was the first president of the committee of public safety. The Reign of Terror lasted from 1793 to 1794.  During the Reign of Terror, Danton changed his mind: He said that continuing the Reign of Terror was a bad idea, but other people disagreed. Danton was charged with treason and executed on the guillotine.

References

1759 births
1794 deaths
French politicians
People of the French Revolution
The Royal Alcazar of Madrid (Real Alcázar de Madrid) was a former royal residence. It was originally built as a fortress by Muslims between 850 and 856 AD. It was in the center of Madrid and served as the center of the Spanish royal court. This was up to the construction of the Royal Palace of Madrid by the Bourbons in the 1700's. the great building kept its original title of Alcázar (English: "fortress").

The first extension to the building was completed in 1537 and was commissioned by King Charles I. Its exterior was constructed by the architect "Juan Gómez de Mora" in 1636, commissioned by King Philip IV.

It was famous for its many paintings and for its unusual architecture. It was the residence of the Spanish Royal Family and home of the Court until it was destroyed by fire in 1734. Many artistic treasures were lost. This included over 500 paintings, although 1,038 artworks were saved from the fire. One of these was Las Meninas by Velázquez. It was damaged, but later restored by Juan García de Miranda.

Related pages
Royal Palace of Madrid the building that is presently on the site.

References 

skrtttt the boi 100 is lit my boi

Castles in Spain
Buildings and structures in Madrid
The Taxali Gate is one of the 12 gates of the old medieval walled city of Lahore, now in Pakistan. It dates from Mughal times.

History
The Royal Mint (where coins were made) of the Mughal Empire or Taxal, was here. The gate was named for that.

Present
Today, there is no mint here. There is a very famous shoe market, Sheikhupurian Bazaar. People can go there and try Desi (local) foods like Siri Paya and many types of sweets. 

The world-famous Heera Mandi red light area is also in this area. This was made famous in Rudyard Kipling's novel, Kim (published 1901).

References

Mughal architecture
History of Pakistan
Lahore
The Heera Mandi (Diamond Market), also called Shahi Mohallah (Royal Neighborhood) as well as chudhai center , is a famous red-light district of the old Taxali Gate of Lahore, Pakistan. A red-light district is an area where prostitutes work.

Early history
The Heera Mandi was first called the 'Shahi Mohallah' or Royal Neighborhood in the 17th century. It was called that because many princes and nobles of the Mughal dynasty used to come there. At that time there were only Tawaifs (dancing girls) and courtesans there. They were there to amuse the people. Later, some women from other parts of Indian Subcontinent were also brought to perform classical Indian dances such as Kathak to entertain Mughals. During the rule of the Sikh king Ranjit Singh, prostitution [chudhai] also was common. Many brothels were opened there. Ranjit Singh renamed this place 'Heera Mandi'. It was named for an officer, Heera Singh, who lived there. Some historians think that he named it for the beautiful girls (prostitutes) who lived there. They were like precious diamonds.

British times
When the British Raj came to power in this region, Christian missionaries asked for the Heera Mandi to be moved away. They thought the activities there were 'sinful'. The British government tried to move it, but they were forced to move it back because people did not like this idea. Later, after the 1870s, the British also added some special brothels there for British soldiers. This area was made famous in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim (printed in 1901).

Modern times
After Pakistan became independent in 1947, the Heera Mandi went on as before. Later, under the harsh Islamic puritanical rule of the military dictator General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, a big operation was started to 'clean' the area from prostitution and crime. Many brothels were moved or closed by force. However, once again, people did not like this move. Many of the brothels and other businesses were re-opened.

Even though prostitution is supposed to be illegal in Pakistan, the Mandi still exists. It is also famous for some very good food shops nearby, where many people including foreign tourists come to just eat and watch the shows.

References

Red light districts
History of Pakistan
Lahore
Reema Khan (born 1972) also known by her screen name Reema, is a Pakistani 
Lollywood film actress, director and producer. She has appeared in more than 200 films since making her debut in 1990.

Early life
Reema Khan was born in 1972, in the Heera Mandi area of Lahore, Pakistan. She was first spotted in 1990 by the Pakistani film director Javed Fazil and was offered the leading role in his film Bulandi. She became popular at once and went on getting success.

Main films and later career
Khan's early films included 'Zherilay', 'Ishq', 'Naag Devta', 'Pyar hi pyar', 'Sailab', 'Dil', 'Aag', 'Shama' and 'Sahiba'. These were followed by films such as 'Hina', 'Anjuman', 'Chakuri', 'Chandni', 'Neelam' and 'Insaniat'. Later she appeared in 'Hathi Meray Sathi' directed by Shameem Ara and in 'Rani Beti Raj Karegi' directed by Altaf Hussain. In 2002, Asif Ali Pota's 'Fire' and Samina Peerzada's 'Shararat' were released starring Reema in the lead role. She later also started making some films as a producer and part-time director.

Marriage
Reema married American cardiologist and surgeon Syed Tariq Shahab on 16 November 2011 in Virginia, United States. After her marriage, she produced and directed the film 'Love mein Ghum', released on 31st August 2011. This was a very big commercial and critical success in Pakistan, making over 
320 million rupees profit. Reema is mostly living in the USA now and planning new film 
projects.

References

1972 births
Living people
Punjabi people
Pakistani movie actors
Lucasfilm Animation is an American television and movie animation company. It is the animation division of Lucasfilm Ltd.. It is known for the Star Wars: The Clone Wars television series. The division became part of Disney Television Animation company after Disney bought Lucasfilm for $4,000,000,000. Their logo included R2-D2.

Products 
Star Wars: Clone Wars television series (2005-2008 (co-produced with Cartoon Network studios)
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV Series) television series (2008-2014/present)(distributed by Cartoon Network)
Star Wars Rebels television series (2014-present) (co-production with Disney and distributed by Disney XD)  
Lego Star Wars: The Yoda Chronicles film series (2013/2014)(co-production with WILFILM and LEGO and distributed by Disney XD)
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film) film (2008) (distributed by Wardner Bros.)
Star Wars: Ewoks (co-production with Nevaland)

References 

American animation studios
Companies based in San Francisco
2003 establishments in California
Asma Jilani Jahangir (27 January 1952 – 11 February 2018) was a leading Pakistani lawyer. Born in Lahore, she was an advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, President Supreme Court Bar Association of Pakistan and a human rights activist who works both in Pakistan and internationally to prevent the persecution of religious minorities, women, and exploitation of children. 

She won several international awards for her activism including Right Livelihood Award and the Four Freedoms Award in 2010 for promoting Religious Freedom. 

Jahangir suffered from brain haemorrhage while going into cardiac arrest in Lahore on 11 February 2018 and died when was taken to the hospital at the age of 66.

References

1952 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Human rights activists
Pakistani lawyers
People from Lahore
Women lawyers
Kari Peter Conrad von Bagh (29 August 1943 – 17 September 2014) was a Finnish movie historian, writer and director. He worked as the head of the Finnish Film Archive and directed many movie festivals. He was the editor-in-chief of Filmihullu magazine. 

From 2001 until his death, he had been the artistic director of the Il Cinema Ritrovato in Bologna, Italy. In 2004, he was a member of the jury in the competition category of the Cannes Film Festival.

Early life and career 
Von Bagh was born in Helsinki. He graduated from the University of Helsinki. in 1970. He also was a professor at many other universities across Finland, teaching movie history.

Von Bagh died after a long illness on 17 September 2014 in Helsinki. He was 71.

References

Other websites

 Peter von Bagh at the Cannes Film Festival webpage
 

1943 births
2014 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Finland
Finnish educators
Historians
Finnish movie directors
Writers from Helsinki
Finnish scientists
Carolyn Jean Spellmann Shoemaker (June 24, 1929 – August 13, 2021) was an American astronomer. She was a co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9.  She held the record for most comets discovered by a single person.

Personal life
Shoemaker was born Carolyn Jean Spellmann in Gallup, New Mexico, United States.  She was the widow of Eugene Shoemaker, a planetary scientist. They were married from 1951 until his death in 1997.

Shoemaker died on August 13, 2021 in Flagstaff, Arizona at the age of 92. The cause of death was health problems caused by a fall.

Career
Shoemaker started her astronomical career in 1980, searching for Earth-crossing asteroids and comets at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, and the Palomar Observatory, San Diego, California.

As of 2002, Shoemaker had discovered 32 comets and over 300 asteroids (counting the as-yet unnumbered ones).

References

Other websites

Universe Today page about Carolyn Shoemaker
Biography of Carolyn Shoemaker at the USGS Astrogeology Science Center

1929 births
2021 deaths
American astronomers
Scientists from New Mexico
People from Gallup, New Mexico
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
Audrey Charteris (née Long; April 22, 1922 – September 19, 2014) was an American actress. She appeared in 33 low-budget movies and television shows in the 1940s and early 1950s. Her best known roles were in Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942), Tall in the Saddle (1944), Wanderer of the Wasteland (1945), Born to Kill (1947), and Desperate (1947).

Long was born in Orlando, Florida. Her father was an Episcopal minister and English immigrant. During her childhood, she and her family moved to Canada as well as Honolulu, Hawaii, and San Francisco, California. She was educated in both California and Virginia. She was first married to Edward Rubin from 1945 until their divorce in 1951. She was later married to British writer Leslie Charteris from 1952 until his death in 1993.

Long died in Virginia Water, Surrey, after a long illness on September 19, 2014, aged 92.

References

Other websites
 

1922 births
2014 deaths
Actors from California
Actors from Orlando, Florida
Actors from Virginia
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Disease-related deaths in England
The January Man is a 1989 comedy-thriller movie. It is about a former New York City police detective lured back into his job when a serial killer terrorizes the city. Susan Sarandon plays Christine. Harvey Keitel plays Frank. Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio plays Bernadette. Danny Aiello plays Vincent. Kevin Kline plays Nick.

The movie received negative review from critics. 

American thriller movies
American comedy movies
1989 movies
Florentinus Ludovicus Leopoldus Eduard ("Flor") Van Noppen (28 June 1956 – 22 September 2014) was a Belgian politician. He was a member of the N-VA. Van Noppen was the brother of veterinarian Karel Van Noppen, who was murdered by the hormone mafia. 

Van Noppen was elected as a member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives in 2007 and reelected in 2010. He also served as city councilor (2001-2014) and alderman (2007-2013) of Dessel. Van Noppen, who suffered from Multiple system atrophy, retired from politics after the 2014 elections upon completing his term. 

Van Noppen died on 22 September 2014 from the disease, aged 58.

References

1956 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from multiple system atrophy
Alderman of Belgium
Belgian politicians
People from Antwerp (province)
Eugene Merle Shoemaker (April 28, 1928 – July 18, 1997), also known as Gene Shoemaker, was an American geologist. He was one of the founders of the field of planetary science. He was best known for co-discovering the Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 with his wife Carolyn Shoemaker and David Levy.

Shoemaker died in a car crash in Alice Springs, Australia, aged 69.

On July 31, 1999, some of his ashes were carried to the Moon by the Lunar Prospector space probe.

References

Other websites
USGS page about Gene Shoemaker
NASA page about Gene Shoemaker

1928 births
1997 deaths
Road accident deaths
American geologists
Scientists from Los Angeles
Arthur Thomas Hannett (February 17, 1884 –  March 18, 1966) was an American politician. He became the seventh Governor of New Mexico.

After serving as a member of the State Highway Commission from March 1923, until December 1924, Hannett was elected Governor of New Mexico and served from January 1, 1925 until January 1, 1927.

1884 births
1966 deaths
Governors of New Mexico
US Democratic Party politicians
People from Gallup, New Mexico
Politicians from New York
Lyons is a town in Wayne County, New York, United States.  The population was 5,831 at the 2000 census.  The town is named after Lyons (usually now spelled Lyon), France.

Towns in New York
Panipat is an old town in Haryana area of India. It is 90 kms north of Delhi and 130 kms south of Chandigarh. 

Three famous battles were fought here at different times in history: the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556 and the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761.

Today, Panipat is famous as 'The Town of Weavers' because of its fine carpet-weaving and textile industries.

References

Settlements in Haryana
Towns in India
Zabardast Khan (died 1788) was a Suleman Khel Ghilzai Pathan warrior in history. He fought at the Third Battle of Panipat as part of the Afghan forces of Ahmad Shah Durrani.

References

1788 deaths
History of India