cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Fresh Horses is the sixth studio album by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released on November 21, 1995. Fresh Horses peaked at #2 on the Billboard 200 chart, and #1 on the Top Country Albums chart.

The album had a worldwide radio ban until it was available to buy. Only the two singles issued ("She's Every Woman" and "The Fever") were allowed to be played before this date, the latter of which was a new country-rock version of an old Aerosmith song. Through 2006, approximately 7 million copies have been sold in the U.S.

Background

Brooks commented on the album saying:

"Everyone was expecting this album to be pop. Everyone said we were leaving (country). For the first time ever, I was involved (in writing) in eight of the 10 cuts, so it's a huge reflection of myself. It's the things I enjoy singing about. I got to sing about the band on the road, I got to sing about cowboys, and more importantly, the women who put up with those cowboys.Track listing
"The Old Stuff" (Bryan Kennedy, Dan Roberts, Garth Brooks) – 4:12
"Cowboys and Angels" (Kent Blazy, Kim Williams, Brooks) – 3:16
"The Fever" (Steven Tyler, Joe Perry, Roberts, Kennedy) – 2:40
"That Ol' Wind" (Leigh Reynolds, Brooks) – 5:22
"Rollin'" (Harley Allen, Reynolds, Brooks) – 4:07
"The Change" (Tony Arata, Wayne Tester) – 4:06
"The Beaches of Cheyenne" (Roberts, Kennedy, Brooks) – 4:13
"It's Midnight Cinderella" (Williams, Blazy, Brooks) – 2:23
"She's Every Woman" (Victoria Shaw, Brooks) – 2:53
”Ireland" (Stephanie Davis, Jenny Yates, Brooks) – 5:01

“The Limited Series” (1998) of the album inserted a cover of  Bob Dylan’s “To Make You Feel My Love” between tracks 7 and 8.

Chart performanceFresh Horses peaked at #2 on the U.S. Billboard 200, and peaked #1 on the Top Country Albums, becoming his sixth #1 Country album. In November 2006, Fresh Horses''''' was certified 7 x Platinum by the RIAA.

Album

Sales and Certifications

Singles

Other charted songs

Chart Successions

Personnel
Garth Brooks - lead vocals

Additional musicians
Susan Ashton - backing vocals
Sam Bacco - percussion
Bruce Bouton - steel guitar
Mark Casstevens - acoustic guitar
Mike Chapman - bass guitar
Ed Foote - hurdy-gurdy
Rob Hajacos - fiddle
Gordon Kennedy - electric guitar
Chris Leuzinger - electric guitar
Jimmy Mattingly - fiddle
Bobby Wood - piano, organ, keyboards
Leigh Reynolds - acoustic guitar
Milton Sledge - drums, percussion
Trisha Yearwood - backing vocals

References

1995 albums
Garth Brooks albums
Albany is a city in the state of Texas in the United States. It is the county seat of Shackelford County. About 2,032 people lived there in 2010.  The city was named for Albany, Georgia. The Cook oilfields were discovered in 1926. They became a large part of the local economy. Ranching is the main occupation, raising sheep and cattle. The town slogan is "Albany, the Home of the Hereford."

References 

County seats in Texas
Cities in Texas
Shackelford County is a county in the state of Texas in the United States. In 2010, 3,378 people lived there.  The county seat is Albany.  The county was named for Jack Shackelford who had been a medical man, and then was a soldier who lead men in the Texas Revolution.

Texas counties
Fredric Sheldon Brandt (June 26, 1949 – April 5, 2015) was an American physician, researcher, lecturer, author, and radio host. He was known for using the first botulinum toxin ("botox") and fillers. Brandt was also known for his role in the FDA approval of numerous fillers and botulinum toxins for cosmetic use in the United States. 

Brandt committed suicide by hanging himself on April 5, 2015 in his home in Coconut Grove, Florida, aged 65. His publicist reported that he had been suffering from depression.

References

Other websites
 Dr. Brandt Skincare

1949 births
2015 deaths
Suicides by hanging in the United States
American physicians
American radio personalities
Scientists from Newark, New Jersey
Writers from Newark, New Jersey
Scientists from Miami, Florida
Writers from Miami, Florida
Educators from Newark, New Jersey
Educators from Miami, Florida
Kardam, Prince of Turnovo, Duke of Saxony (2 December 1962 – 7 April 2015), was the eldest son of Tsar Simeon II of Bulgaria and his wife Doña Margarita Gómez-Acebo y Cejuela.  

Kardam was born after the unseating of the Bulgarian monarchy. He was sometimes styled as if her were a crown prince. He was known also as Kardam of Bulgaria and Kardam of Turnovo, the latter being the title of the heir apparent of the Bulgarian throne.

Prince Kardam suffered severe injuries in a road accident in 2008, and did not recover. He died of a lung infection in hospital in Madrid on 7 April 2015, aged 52.

References

1962 births
2015 deaths
Bulgarian people
Deaths from lung disease
Disease-related deaths in Madrid
Infectious disease deaths in Spain
People from Madrid
Princes and princesses
Road accident deaths in Spain
Simeon Borisov Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Tsar Simeon II or King Simeon II of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Симеон Борисов Сакскобургготски) (born 16 June 1937) is an important political and royal figure in Bulgaria. During his reign as the Tsar of Bulgaria from 1943 to 1946 he was a minor, the monarchical leader. He also served as the 48th Prime Minister of Bulgaria.

Other websites

 King Simeon II
 The first website about Simeon II of Bulgaria focuses on his pre-1995 history
Financial Times July 2001 Biography
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha's address, 10 February 2005  concerning amending the constitution to bring it in line with EU requirements
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha's statement, 5 July 2002  concerning Bulgaria's candidacy for NATO membership: "The role of the international community should be gradually transformed from crisis response to integration. Palliative measures intended to mitigate yet another crisis cannot bring stability and prosperity. The best solution is the region's integration into the European and Euroatlantic institutions."

1937 births
Living people
Eastern Orthodox Christians
Kings and queens
Prime Ministers of Bulgaria
The marmosets are a group of New World monkeys.
There are 22 marmoset species in four genera. All are in the biological family Callitrichidae. The term marmoset is also used in reference to the Goeldi's marmoset, Callimico goeldii, which is closely related.

Most marmosets are about  long. Compared to other monkeys, they have some primitive features. They have claws rather than nails, they lack wisdom teeth, and their brain layout seems to be relatively primitive. Their body temperature is unusually variable, changing by up to 4 °C (7 °F) in a day.  Marmosets are native to South America and have been found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru. They have also been spotted in Central America.

Marmosets have germline chimerism. This is not known to occur in nature in any primates except this family.

Marmosets are highly active, living in the upper canopy of forest trees, and feeding on insects, fruit and leaves.  They have long lower incisors, which allow them to chew holes in tree trunks and branches to harvest the gum inside; some species are specialised feeders on gum.

Marmosets live in family groups of three to 15. There are one or two breeding females, an unrelated male, offspring and other family members and unrelated individuals. Their mating systems are highly variable and include monogamy, polygyny and occasionally polyandry.

References
In 1889, the Old Catholic Church seceded from the Roman Catholic Church, mainly because Old Catholics do not accept the dogma that the pope is infallible. All of the Old Catholic Churches united in what is called the Union of Utrecht, in 1889. 

1889
19th century in the Netherlands
Christianity in the Netherlands
Old Catholicism
Utrecht (city)
The Biomedical Primate Research Center (BPRC) is Europe's largest primate research center. It is a scientific research institute that performs research that contributes to the identification and development of new medicines against deadly diseases. The center is located in Rijswijk, (Zuid-Holland).

BPRC employs about 110 people.

Other websites
 The official homepage of the Biomedical Primate Research Center

References

Research organizations in Europe
Màrius Serra i Roig (May 1, 1963, Barcelona, Catalonia) is a Spanish writer. He is also a journalist. He has won several writing prizes. He is a graduate in English philology studies. In 2006 he won the most important prize in Catalonia for writing his novel Farsa (Catalan for Farce): the Ramon Llull Prize. He was also a presenter on a television show about books (named Alexandria) in Canal 33 in Catalonia. Màrius is a writer on Avui newspaper (Catalonia). Serra is also on a radio program of Radio Nacional de España.

Works

Short Stories
1987 Linia (Line)
1988 Amnèsia (Amnesia)
1991 Tres és massa (Three it is too much)
1993 Contagi (Infection)
1998 La Vida normal (The normal life)

Novels
1990 L’home del sac (The bag man)
1996 Mon oncle (My uncle)
1999 Ablanatanalba
2003 Monocle
2006 Farsa (Farce)
2008 Quiet
2013 Plans de futur (Future plans)

Essays
2004 De com s'escriu una novel·la
2007 Enviar i Rebre

Criticism and literary studies
2004 de com s’escriu una novel·la (How to write a novel)

References

Other websites

Spanish writers
Living people
1963 births
Smail Prevljak (born 16 February 1995) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a forward for KAS Eupen in the  Belgian First League.

Club career
As a young player, he played for FK Igman Konjic and RB Leipzig. He was part of the RB Leipzig team that won promotion to the Under 19 Bundesliga for the 2014–15 season. He was signed on a two-year contract by RB Leipzig on 1 July 2014. He made his debut on 2 August 2014, in a 0–0 draw against VfR Aalen.

On 1 September 2014, he went on loan to FC Liefering. He made his full-match debut in a 5–2 lost against SC Austria Lustenau on 26 September 2014.  He scored his first goal for the club, in a 4–1 win against FC Wacker Innsbruck on 3 October 2014. Despite an injury, he was the leading scorer of FC Liefering (12 goals in the season as of April 2014)

On 9 November 2014 he made his debut for the first team of Salzburg. He came on in minute 62 in the league match against SCR Altach. After loans to SV Mattersburg and KAS Eupen he left Salzburg in 2020 and joined KAS Eupen in the Belgian First League.

He holds a Bosnian passport and played for Bosnia U21 and the national team.

Honours
   Austrian Champion: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020
   Austrian Cup: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019

References

1995 births
Living people
Bosnia and Herzegovina footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Players of FC Liefering
Jirair Sefilian (Ժիրայր Սեֆիլյան; born 10 July 1967) is an Armenian military commander and political activist. He is one of the leaders of Armenian opposition and the head of Founding Parliament opposition group. Since April 8, 2015 he is under arrest and recognized as a political prisoner.

Biography
In 1990 Sefilian arrived in Armenia and participated in the Karabakh War. Sefilian became the commander of the Shushi special military commando, playing a significant role during the Battle of Shusha. Sefilian was awarded with the First Degree Order of the Combat Cross.

Other websites
Biography

1967 births
Armenian military people
Activists
Prisoners
People from Beirut
Living people
Nina Companeez (born 26 August 1937 – 9 April 2015) was a French screenwriter and film director. She was known for her movies The Horseman on the Roof, Adorable menteuse, and The Diary of an Innocent Boy.

References

Other websites

1937 births
2015 deaths
French movie directors
French screenwriters
Geoffrey Bond Lewis (July 31, 1935 – April 7, 2015) was an American character actor. Lewis was known for his movie roles alongside Robert Redford and Clint Eastwood.

Personal life
Lewis was born in San Diego, California. He was married to Glenis Batley from 1973 until they divorced in 1975, Then he was married to Paula Hochhallter until his death in 2015. One of his daughters is actress-singer Juliette Lewis.

Career
Lewis worked many times with actor-director Clint Eastwood in several movies. They were Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil, Pink Cadillac, Any Which Way You Can, Bronco Billy, Every Which Way but Loose, Thunderbolt and Lightfoot and High Plains Drifter. He is also part of the musical story-telling group Celestial Navigations.

Death
On April 7, 2015, Lewis died of natural causes in his Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California home, aged 79.

References

Other websites

Official Website for Celestial Navigations

1935 births
2015 deaths
Actors from San Diego, California
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from natural causes
Peter Alexander Walsh (11 March 1935 – 10 April 2015) was an Australian  senator and Labor politician from 1974 to 1993. e was elected to the Australian Senate in 1974, and served as Minister for Resources and Energy from 1983 to 1984 and Finance Minister from 1984 to 1990.  He was noted for his pro-free market views.

Walsh died at a hospital in Perth after a short illness on 10 April 2015, aged 80.

References

1935 births
2015 deaths
Australian politicians
Civil servants
Richard "Richie" Benaud OBE (; 6 October 1930 – 10 April 2015) was an Australian cricketer. After his retirement from international cricket in 1964, he became a well-known commentator on the game.

Early life
Benaud was born in Penrith, New South Wales. His parents were of French descent. He was raised in Sydney. Benaud studied at Parramatta High School.

Career
Benaud was a Test cricket all-rounder. Along with fellow bowling all-rounder Alan Davidson, he helped Australia to be at the top of world cricket in the late 1950s and early 1960s after a slump in the early 1950s. In 1958 he became Australia's Test captain until his retirement in 1964.

Illness and death
In November 2014, Benaud announced that he was diagnosed with skin cancer, aged 84. He died in his sleep on 10 April 2015 in Sydney. Prime Minister of Australia Tony Abbott offered a state funeral for Benaud, but his family rejected the offer.

Books
 The Way of Cricket (1961)
 A Tale of Two Tests (1962)
 Spin Me a Spinner (1963)
 The New Champions (1966)
 Willow Patterns (1969)
 Test Cricket (1982)
 World Series Cup Cricket 1981–82 (1982)
 The Hottest Summer (1983)
 The Ashes 1982–83 (1983)
 Benaud on reflection (1984)
 The Appeal of Cricket (1995)
 Anything But (1998)
 My Spin on Cricket (2005)
 Over But Not Out (2010)

References

Other websites

HowSTAT! statistical profile on Richie Benaud

1930 births
2015 deaths
Australian cricketers
Cancer deaths in Sydney
Deaths from skin cancer
Australian sports commentators
Sportspeople from Sydney
Writers from Sydney
Radiography is the name for the use of X-rays to see what is happening to parts of the body. It is an imaging technique which uses electromagnetic radiation other than light, usually X-rays. 

To create the image, a beam of X-rays is produced by an X-ray machine and is projected toward the object. A certain amount of X-ray is absorbed by the object, which is dependent on the density and composition of that object. The X-rays that pass through the object are captured behind the object by a detector (either photographic film or a digital detector). The detector gives a superimposed 2D representation of the object's internal structures.

Tomography 
Tomography is a more advanced way of using X-rays. In tomography, the machine blurs out structures not in the focal plane. This gives a series of pictures, like a set of slices through the body. It is called CT scanning, or computer tomography. The computer builds a 3-D picture for the expert to look at.

Radiography has many medical and industrial uses.

Machines
Physics
The Place Beyond the Pines is a 2012 American crime drama movie. It was directed by Derek Cianfrance and it was produced by Lynette Howell, Sidney Kimmel, Alex Orlovsky, and Jamie Patricof.

The movie got positive reviews from critics. It has a 80% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Kevin Jagernauth of Indiewire gave a positive review and said that it was a "ambitious epic that is cut from some of the same thematic tissue as Cianfrance's previous film, but expands the scope into a wondrously widescreen tale of fathers, sons and the legacy of sins that are passed down through the generations".

Cast 
 Ryan Gosling as Luke Glanton
 Bradley Cooper as Avery Cross
 Eva Mendes as Romina Gutierrez
 Ray Liotta as Peter Deluca
 Ben Mendelsohn as Robin Van Der Zee
 Rose Byrne as Jennifer Cross
 Mahershala Ali as Kofi
 Bruce Greenwood as Bill Killcullen
 Dane DeHaan as Jason Cankam
 Emory Cohen as A. J. Cross
 Harris Yulin as Al Cross
 Robert Clohessy as Chief Weirzbowski
 Olga Merediz as Malena

References

Other websites 

2012 crime movies
2012 drama movies
2010s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
English-language movies
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies set in New York
Movies set in the 1990s
Subsidiary alliance is a system developed by the East India Company by Lord Wellesley. It solved the problem of ruling a nation which is under the rule of a king. 

Some of the rules of the subsidiary alliance were:
 An Indian ruler entering into a subsidiary alliance with the British had to accept British forces in his  territory and also agreed to pay for their maintenance.

 Such a ruler would not form an alliance with any other power, nor would he declare war against any power without the permission of the British.
 The ruler would not employ any Europeans other than the British, and if he were already doing so, he would dismiss them.
 In case of a conflict with any other state, the British would decide what to do, and he would accept their solution.
 The ruler would acknowledge the East India Company as the power in India.
 In return for the ruler accepting its conditions, the Company undertook to protect the state from external dangers and internal disorders.
 If the Indian rulers failed to make the payments required by the alliance, then part of their territory was to be taken away as a penalty.
Under this doctrine, Indian rulers under British protection surrendered the control of their foreign affairs to the British. Most disbanded their native armies, instead maintaining British troops within their states to protect them from attack. As British power grew, in most parts of India this became increasingly unlikely. The system also allowed the British to maintain their army at the expense of local rulers.

British Empire
History of India
The House of La Trémoille is an old French family which takes its name from a village (now La Trimouille) in western France. They are related to the Princely Family of Ligne. The family has been known since the middle of the 11th century, and since the 14th century its members have been important in French history.

The main line were known as the Viscounts of Thouars (they were made dukes in 1563),  who also used the title Prince of Talmont as well as Prince of Tarente. Men in the family also used the title of Dukes of La Trémoille but more often than not Duke of Thouars  was used.

Dukes of Thouars

The heir to the title was usually called the Prince of Talmont. 

 1541-1577: Louis de la Trémoille married Jeanne de Montmorency.
 1577-1604: Claude de la Trémoille married Charlotte Brabantine of Orange.
 1604-1668: Henri de La Trémoille married Marie de La Tour d'Auvergne.
 1668-1672: Henri Charles de La Trémoille married Amélie de Hesse-Cassel.
 1674-1709: Charles Belgique Hollande de La Trémoille married Madeleine de Créquy.
 1709-1719: Charles Louis Bretagne de La Trémoille married Marie Madeleine Motier de La Fayette.
 1719-1741: Charles Armand René de La Trémoille married Marie Hortense de La Tour d'Auvergne.
 1741-1792: Jean Bretagne Charles de La Trémoille married Marie Geneviève de Durfort then Marie Maximiliane zu Salm-Kyrburg.
 1792-1839: Charles Bretagne Marie de La Trémoille married Louise Emmanuelle de Châtillon then Valentine Eugénie Joséphine Walsh de Serrant.
 1839-1911: Louis Charles de La Trémoille. married Marguerite Tanneguy de Duchâtel.
 1911-1921: Louis Charles Marie de La Trémoille  married Helene Marie Leonie Pillet-Will.
 1921-1933: Louis Jean Marie de La Trémoille son of the above but died without children.

French nobility
Alexander Dalgarno FRS (January 5, 1928 – April 9, 2015) was a British physicist. He was a Phillips Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University. He worked in theoretical chemistry, scattering theory, atmospheric physics & chemistry and astrophysics. He was known as the "father of molecular astrophysics".

References

Other websites

 Interview with Alexander Dalgarno
 A volume honouring Alexander Dalgarno
 His International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science page
 Autobiographical article in Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics

1928 births
2015 deaths
British educators
Scientists from London
Harvard University faculty
Judith Malina (June 4, 1926 – April 10, 2015) was a German-born American theater and movie actress, writer, and director. 

Malina was born in Kiel and moved to New York City at age three.

She co-founded The Living Theatre. She was active during the 1960s and 1970s. She was known for her roles as Sonny's mother in Dog Day Afternoon, Rose in Awakenings and as Paulie Gualtieri's mother in The Sopranos.

Malina died of lung disease at her home in Englewood, New Jersey, aged 88.

References

Other websites

The Living Theatre official site

1926 births
2015 deaths
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American theatre directors
Deaths from lung disease
Disease-related deaths in New Jersey
German movie actors
Movie directors from New York City
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Schleswig-Holstein
Writers from New York City
German theatre directors
John Michael Papit (July 25, 1928 – April 6, 2015) was an American football halfback in the National Football League. He played for the Washington Redskins and the Green Bay Packers.  He played college football at the University of Virginia and was drafted in the seventh round of the 1951 NFL Draft.

Other websites
Just Sports Stats

1928 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Washington Redskins players
Green Bay Packers players
Sportspeople from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Jim 'Bucky' Mutscheller (March 31, 1930 – April 10, 2015) was an American football player. He played tight end for nine seasons for the Baltimore Colts. He was born in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania.

Mutscheller played football, basketball, and baseball at Beaver Falls High School, and three seasons of varsity football at Notre Dame under coach Frank Leahy from 1949 to 1951, including on the 1949 national championship team. 

Mutscheller played both defensive end and offense for the Fighting Irish, and served as team captain his senior year.

Mutscheller died of kidney failure in Towson, Maryland, aged 85.

References

Other websites
 Klingaman, Mike. "Catching Up With...Former Colt Jim Mutscheller," The Toy Department (The Baltimore Sun sports blog), Tuesday, September 15, 2009.
 Gallery of Jim Mutscheller football cards

1930 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
American soccer players
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Anacle Michael Ghounam Kiessou, better known by his stage name Michael Kiessou is a Cameroonian singer-songwriter and entertainer. He became popular with his song Bennam. The song was on his debut EP, Partage, released on April 2, 2014.

Discography

EPs 
Partage (2014)

Singles 
Demoiselle (2012)
Abele (2013)

Bennam (2014)

Tourner les reins (2014)

Wopalilo(Sagat Sagat) feat C-Prime  (2015)

Collaborations
Zeng Zeng - Jemmy Sev (2015)
KDT - HMG feat Dynastie le tigre, Yvich (2015) (TBD)

Awards and nominations 

Canal 2'Or Act 10 ( Canal 2 International Awards )

|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| 2015
| rowspan="2"|Michael Kiessou
| Best music revelation
| 
|-
| Best video (tourner les reins)
| 
|-

Greenlight Awards

|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2015
| Michael Kiessou
| Best Male artist
| 
|-

KR Awards

|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2015
| Michael Kiessou
| Honor Jury Award
| 
|-

References

Other websites 

 
 

Living people
1986 births
Singer-songwriters
Pop singers
Prosimians are a group of proto-primates. It includes all living and extinct strepsirrhines (lemurs, lorises, and adapiforms), as well as the haplorhine tarsiers and their extinct relatives, the omomyiforms.  

They have characteristics that are more "primitive" (ancestral or plesiomorphic) than those of simians (monkeys, apes, and humans). 

Prosimians are a paraphyletic group and not a clade (a group of an ancestor and all its descendants). Tarsiers share a more recent common ancestor with all simians than with the strepsirrhines. Consequently, the term "prosimian" is no longer an official term in taxonomy. It is still used to compare their behaviour with that of other primates.

Prosimians are the only primates native to Madagascar, but are also found throughout Africa and in Asia.

References 

Notes

Primates
Adapiformes are an extinct group of early primates. Adapiformes radiated throughout much of the northern continental mass, reaching as far south as northern Africa and tropical Asia. They lived from the Eocene to the Miocene epochs.  Some adapiformes looked similar to living lemurs.

Adapiformes are known from the fossil record only, and it is unclear whether they form a monophyletic or paraphyletic group. When assumed to be a clade, they are usually grouped under the "wet-nosed" taxon Strepsirrhini, which would make them more closely related to the lemurs and less so to the "dry-nosed" Haplorhini taxon that includes monkeys and apes.

In 2009, Franzen and colleagues put the newly described genus Darwinius as a stem "missing link" between Strepsirrhini and Haplorhini. Later work on the Darwinius fossil by Erik Seiffert and colleagues rejected this "missing link" idea. They classify Darwinius and other adapiformes as Strepsirrhini.

Fossil record 
The fossil record of the Adapiformes is quite considerable. The fossils are first found in the earliest Eocene, 55 million years ago (mya). They lived in four continents (North America, Africa, Europe and Asia). The Eocene was a period when the Earth was much warmer than today, with very extensive tropical forests, far more so than today. The widespread remains mean a much earlier origin, and molecular clock dates suggest that primates evolved more than 80–90 mya, nearly 40 million years before they appear in the fossil record.

References 

Primates
Joan Carreras i Goicoechea (born in Barcelona, 1962) is a Catalan journalist, screenwriter, and writer.  He is a professor in the Faculty of Communication at Blanquerna. He teaches digital journalism. He worked for ten years at the broadcasting company Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals. He was the director of Canal 33. He was also the manager of the program Info-K. At television channel 324.cat he tried out new formats and digital narratives. He has also worked for many newspapers, such as Avui, Diari de Barcelona and El Temps. In 2014, he received the Premi Sant Jordi de novel·la for his novel L'àguila negra (The black eagle).

Works

Story collections 
 1990 — Les oques van descalces (Quaderns Crema)
 1993 — La bassa del gripau (Quaderns Crema)

Novels 
 1998 — La gran nevada (Empúries)
 2003 — Qui va matar el Floquet de Neu (Empúries)
 2009 — L'home d'origami (Amsterdam)
 2012 — Carretera secundària (Proa)
 2013 — Cafè Barcelona (Proa)
 2015 — L'àguila negra

Awards and honours  
 2012 - Premis Literaris de Cadaqués - Carles Rahola de periodisme. Postals de la nostàlgia des de Cadaqués
 2014 - Premi Ciutat de Barcelona of Catalan literature for his book Cafè Barcelona
 2014 - Premi Sant Jordi de novel·la by his book L'àguila negra

Notes

Other websites

 

Writers from Barcelona
Living people
John Sherwood de Lancie, Jr. (born March 20, 1948) is an American actor, director, producer, writer, educator, sailor, voice artist, and comedian, best known for his role of Q in Star Trek: The Next Generation ((1987–present)) and as the voice of Discord in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (2010–2019). He is also known for his quite deep, resonant voice. De Lancie performed in Days of Our Lives (1982–1986; 1989–1990) as Eugene Bradford.

De Lancie was featured in several roles on television series, including Frank Simmons in Stargate SG-1 (2001–2002) and Donald Margolis in Breaking Bad (2009–2010). He is noted for his public support of bronies of the My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom.

Early life
De Lancie was born John Sherwood de Lancie, Jr. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 20, 1948 to John and Andrea de Lancie.

Career
De Lancie attended Kent State University and the Juilliard School. He has appeared in several television series. These include L.A. Law, Days of Our Lives, Star Trek: The Next Generation, The Practice, and Picket Fences. He has also appeared in Stargate SG-1, Breaking Bad, and Torchwood: Miracle Day.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites

 

1948 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Pennsylvania
Sebastià Alzamora i Martín (born in Mallorca, 6 March 1972) is a writer and literary critic.

Biography
Alzamora studied from Balearic Islands University with a degree in Catalan philology. He gained popularity after releasing a book of poetry called Rafel (1994).  Rafel won the Premi Salvador Espriu. He is also the author of Apoteosi del Cercle (1997), Mula Morta (2001), and El Benestar (2003).

As a narrator, he has published L'extinció (1999), Sara i Jeremies (2002), La Pell i la Princesa (2005), Nit de L'ànima (2007), Miracle a Llucmajor (2010), and Dos Amics de Vint Anys (2013). He wrote an essay about Gabriel Janer Manila called L'escriptura del Foc (1998). He also helped create Imparables, Una antologia (2004), and published Dogmàtica Imparable (2005) with Héctor Bofill and Manuel Forcano. Since December 2007, he has been director of the magazine Cultura.

Awards
 1994: Premi Salvador Espriu for Rafel
 1996: Premi Bartomeu Rosselló-Pòrcel of Premis 31 de desembre of Obra Cultural Balear.
 1999: Premi Documenta de narrativa
 2002: Premi Ciutat de Palma for Sara i Jeremies
 2003: Premi Jocs Florals de Barcelona for El Benestar
 2005: Premi Josep Pla de narrativa for La pell i la princesa
 2008: Premi Carles Riba de poesia for La part visible
 2011: Premi Sant Jordi, for Crim de sang

References

Living people
Ante Rogulic (born 11 March 1996 in Split, Croatia) is Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for FC Liefering in the Austrian Football First League.

Club career

As a youth, he played for NK Omladinac Vranjic and Adriatic Split. He went to F.C. Red Bull Salzburg in 2013. He was also player of FC Liefering, the second team of Red Bull Salzburg. His debut for Liefering was on 2 August 2013  in a 4-1 home win against ESV Parndorf For the first team he made his debut on 11 November 2014, in a 2-0 victory against Admira Wacker Mödling.

International Career
He played for Croatias U17, U18, U19 and U21 team. Roguljic is captain of the U19 team.

References

1996 births
Living people
Croatian footballers
People from Split
Ramon Solsona i Sancho (Barcelona, February 7, 1950) is a Catalan writer and journalist. He has a degree in Romance Philology from the University of Barcelona. He is also a high school teacher. Is known for his ironic style. He is a regular contributor to newspapers such as El Punt and La Vanguardia. He currently contributes to the radio program El Matí de Catalunya Ràdio. He also contributes to Catalunya Ràdio and RAC 1.

Career
He has also been a poet (satirist) under the pseudonym Lo Gaiter del Besòs. His novel Les hores detingudes won three literary awards in the same year. His work has been translated into Spanish and French. For television, he has worked as a writer for the series Agència de viatges, Estació d'enllaç and El cor de la ciutat. These were broadcast by TV3. He was co-author of the theme song of Futbol Club Barcelona (1998). In 2010 he received the premi Sant Jordi de novel·la for his book L'home de la maleta.

Works

Short stories 
 1991: Llibreta de vacances
 2006: Cementiri de butxaca

Novels
 1989: Figures de calidoscopi
 1993: Les hores detingudes
 1998: DG
 1999: No tornarem mai més
 2001: El cor de la ciutat
 2004: Línia blava
 2011: L'home de la maleta

Poetry 
 1989: Sac de gemecs

Nonfiction 
 1995: Ull de bou
 1995 Ull de vaca
 2005: A paraules em convides

Notes

Other websites
Ramon Solsona at the website of Associació d'Escriptors en Llengua Catalana (AELC).

Spanish writers
Living people
1950 births
Spanish poets
Journalists
Xavier Bosch i Sancho (born July 21, 1967 in Barcelona) is a Catalan writer and journalist. Bosch and Antoni Bassas created the program Alguna pregunta més? at Catalunya Ràdio. He received an Ondas award for that program. He worked at La Vanguardia, TV3 and RAC 1 in sports. He was the director of the newspaper  Avui from 2007 to 2008. In 2010, he founded a newspaper in Catalan, Diari Ara. He wrote a trilogy whose first book (Se sabrà tot) received a Sant Jordi Award in 2009. His second and third novels were Homes d'honor (2012) and Eufòria. His last novel, Algú com tu (Someone like you, 2015), is winner of the Ramon Llull 2015 award.

Works

Short stories 
 Jo, el simolses, Barcelona: La Magrana, 1992.
 Estimat diari (with Lloll Bertran, Antoni Bassas), Barcelona: La Magrana, 1996.
 Vicis domèstics, Barcelona: La Magrana, 1998.

Novel 
 La màgia dels reis, Barcelona: Columna - La Galera, 1994. 
 Se sabrà tot, 2009.
 Homes d'honor, Barcelona: Proa, 2012.
 Eufòria, 2014.
 Algú com tu, 2014

Teatre 
 El culékulé, Barcelona: La Magrana, 1996

Prizes 
 Premi Ondas 1997 for the humour program Alguna pregunta més? 
 Premi Mundo Deportivo de periodisme 1999, for the program Aquest any, cent!. 
 Premio Premi APEI-Catalunya (in its sixth edition) for El món a RAC 1. 
 Premi Ràdio Associació de Catalunya 2007 in the category of the Best Radio Program for El món a RAC 1.
 Premi Sant Jordi for the novel Se sabrà tot.
 Premi Ramon Llull 2015 for the novel Algú com tu.

References

Other websites 
 Bosch bio at IMDB

Living people
Writers from Barcelona
1967 births
Journalists
Janusz Kurczab (6 September 1937 – 11 April 2015) was a Polish fencer, mountaineer and expedition leader. He competed in team épée events at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born in Warsaw, Poland.

References

1937 births
2015 deaths
1960 Summer Olympics
Fencers
Polish Olympians
Sportspeople from Warsaw
Paul Almond (April 26, 1931 – April 10, 2015) was a Canadian screenwriter, director and producer. He was known for directing Isabel, Journey, and The Act of the Heart. He was born in Montreal, Quebec.

Almond died from complications of heart disease at his home in Malibu, California, aged 83.

References

Other websites
 
 Official site 

1931 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
Canadian movie directors
Canadian movie producers
Canadian television directors
Canadian screenwriters
Writers from Montreal
Disease-related deaths in the United States
André Mba Obame (15 June 1957 – 12 April 2015) was a Gabonese politician. After serving as an adviser to President Omar Bongo in the 1980s, he was a minister in the government of Gabon from 1990 to 1991 and again from 1997 to 2009.

Obame died in Yaoundé, Cameroon, on 12 April 2015 from a long-illness, aged 57.

References

1957 births
2015 deaths
African politicians
In economics a customer basket, market basket or commodity basket is a set of different amounts of different goods and possibly services. The commodity basket will contain goods and services a typical consumer will likely need. Commodity baskets can be used for two things: First, the price level of two economies can be compared. Secondly,  using the same baseket, it is possible to show how prices change over time.  The amount of money needed to buy everything in the basket, over time, is called consumer price index.

Commonly in the basket 
The basket will containb different goods and services, such as:

 Food and drink: milk, cereals, coffee, chicken or meat, wine
 Housing: monthly rent, fuel oil (used for heating), furniture
 Clothing: everyday clothes for men and women, perhaps jewelry
 Transportation: Cost of season ticket of public transport, cost of car, cost of fuel for the car
 Medical care: Cost of prescripttion drugs, perhaps cost of medical insurance if it exists.

Microeconomics
Jack I. Box, also known as Mr. Box, is a fictional character and the mascot of the Jack in the Box commercials. He is the founder and chairman of the restaurant and spokesman for the commercials.

He is voiced by Dick Sittig.

References

Fictional characters
Francesca "Frankie" Bridge (née Sandford; born 14 January 1989) is an English singer-songwriter. She was born in Upminster, London. She was a member of S Club 8 (2001-2005). Since 2007, she is a member of girl group The Saturdays, signed to the Fascination and Polydor labels. 

The group has released sixteen singles so far, of which thirteen have reached the Top 10 on the UK Singles Chart. There was one UK number-one single, "What About Us". In addition, the group has had five Top 10 albums on the UK Albums Chart, which were all certified by the British Phonographic Industry. 

Bridge has had nineteen UK Top 10 Singles and six UK Top 10 Albums. She was a contestant in the 2014 series of Strictly Come Dancing.

Sandford had a relationship with Dougie Poynter from 2008-2010. She began a relationship with Wayne Bridge in 2010. The couple's son was born in 2013. The couple married in 2014.

References

Other websites 

British child singers
English pop singers
English television actors
Singers from London
Strictly Come Dancing participants
1989 births
Living people
Mind of Mencia is an American television series, created by Carlos Mencia. It aired from July 6, 2005 to July 23, 2008.

Cast
 Carlos Mencia
 Joseph Mencia
 Brad Williams
 Ray Payton

Guest appearances

 James Adomian
 Dave Attell
 Robin Bain
 Josh Blue
 Peter Boyle
 Sufe Bradshaw
 Frank Caliendo
 Edge
 Pablo Francisco
 Joey Greco

 Chris Hansen
 Estelle Harris
 Tony Hawk
 Gabriel Iglesias
 Courtney Jackson
 Ken Jeong
 Jamie Kennedy
 Angela Kinsey
 Phil LaMarr
 Bobby Lee

 Mario Lopez
 Method Man
 Cheech Marin
 Tracy Morgan
 Abigail Mason
 Amaury Nolasco
 Lupe Ontiveros
 P.O.D.
 Smush Parker
 Jeff Richards

 Gene Simmons
 Aries Spears
 Three 6 Mafia
 Daniel Tosh
 Tom Virtue
 Billy Dee Williams
 Robin Williams
 Debra Wilson
 John Witherspoon

Home media
Each DVD set includes uncensored versions of each season's episodes with bonus features, including commentary, a behind the scenes featurette, and deleted scenes.

Other websites

 
 
 
 Comedy Central Corners The Laughs Business by Joe Flint, Wall Street Journal, May 8, 2006. p.B1

2005 television series debuts
American television series
English-language television programs
John Proctor "Jack" Darragh (December 4, 1890 – June 25, 1924) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played parts of 13 years of professional ice hockey, all with the Ottawa Senators.

Career
On December 27, 1910, Darragh signed a contract with the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey Association (NHA). Darragh played with them until the NHA folded. After the Senators joined the National Hockey League (NHL), they decided to keep him on the team. When he became a free agent, he signed another contract with the Senators on December 4, 1922.

During his time with the Senators, Darragh won four Stanley Cups with them. He won them in 1911, 1920, 1921, and 1923. After his final cup win, he decided to retire from playing professional ice hockey. On June 25, 1924, he died from peritonitis, caused by a ruptured appendix.

Darragh was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963.

References

Other websites 

1890 births
1924 deaths
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Ottawa Senators (original) players
People from Ottawa
Stanley Cup champions
Ottawa Senators (NHA) players
Orphan Black is a Canadian science fiction television series. It was created by Graeme Manson and John Fawcett. The series stars Tatiana Maslany as several clones. The rest of the starring cast includes Dylan Bruce, Jordan Gavaris, Kevin Hanchard, Michael Mando, Maria Doyle Kennedy, Évelyne Brochu, and Ari Millen. The first season of the show premiered on March 30, 2013. It was shown on Space in Canada and on BBC America in the United States.  Orphan Black'''s second season premiered April 19, 2014. On July 9, 2014, Orphan Black was renewed for a third season to premiere on April 18, 2015. Each season had 10 episodes.

All season 1 episode titles are quotes from On the Origin of Species'' by Charles Darwin. The season 2 episode titles are quotes from the works of Sir Francis Bacon.

Series overview
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! style="padding: 0 8px;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| Season
! style="padding: 0 8px;" rowspan="2"| Episodes
! colspan="2"| Originally aired
|-
! style="padding: 0 8px;"| Season premiere
! style="padding: 0 8px;"| Season finale
|-
 |style="background: #000000;"|
 |1
 |style="padding: 0 8px;"| 10
 |style="padding: 0 8px;"| 
 |style="padding: 0 8px;"| 
|-
 |style="background: #067883;"|
 |2
 |style="padding: 0 8px;"| 10
 |style="padding: 0 8px;"| 
 |style="padding: 0 8px;"| 
|-
 |style="background: #CC3535;"|
 |3
 |style="padding: 0 8px;"| 10
 |style="padding: 0 8px;"| 
 |style="padding: 0 8px;"| 
|-
|}

Episodes

Season 1 (2013)

Season 2 (2014)

Season 3

References

Other websites
 List of Orphan Black episodes at Space
 List of Orphan Black episodes  at BBC America

Orphan Black
A short film or short is any movie not long enough to be considered a feature film (movie). The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences defines a short film as "an original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes or less, including all credits". However, the term is used by many as a catchall for anything less than 90 minutes in length. A feature film or movie usually runs from 90 to 120 minutes but can be as long as 180 minutes. There are other standards for short films. The Oberhausen short film festival defines a short as 35 minutes. The BBC Short Film Festival, the Academy Awards, and Clermont-Ferrand use 40 minutes. The San Francisco, Uppsala, and Kraków are among those using a limit of 60 minutes.

Terms
Short films or movies are sometimes called short subjects. Before 1910 all American movies were short subjects. Another term used for short films is avant-garde or "avant-garde short films". The term featurette originally was used for a movie or film longer than a short subject, but shorter than a standard feature film. Documentaries are almost always short films. So are many training films.

Genre
Short films are usually made by independent filmmakers and are not for profit. They are made with a low budget or no budget at all. Shorts are usually funded by film grants, non profit organizations, Sponsors, or personal funds. Short films are generally used by filmmakers to gain experience. They are also used to prove their talent in order to gain funding for future films. They want to attract private investors, entertainment companies, or film studios. Most film festivals show feature films or movies but also show short films. Some short films are shown along with a feature film.

References

Other websites
 Festival 2015 : Cannes Court Métrage (short films)
 How to Make a Short Film, wikiHow

Movies
Movie industry
Eduardo Hughes Galeano (3 September 1940 – 13 April 2015) was a Uruguayan journalist, writer and novelist. His best-known works are Las venas abiertas de América Latina (Open Veins of Latin America, 1971) and Memoria del fuego (Memory of Fire Trilogy, 19826).

Galeano died in Montevideo, Uruguay from lung cancer, aged 74."

References

Other websites

Interview with Eduardo Galeano
Sandra Cisneros reads "Los Nadies/The Nobodies" by Eduardo Galeano from Book of Embraces, El libro de los abrazos (1989)  " ".
"'Voices of Time': Legendary Uruguayan Writer Eduardo Galeano on Immigration, Latin America, Iraq, Writing – and Soccer ,"  Democracy Now! 19 May 2006
"Reflections from Eduardo Galeano ," The Leonard Lopate Show, 19 May 2006.
"Writer Without Borders "—interview by Scott Widmer on In These Times
"Author of the Month ," Escritores.org
The Guardian: Chávez creates overnight bestseller with book gift to Obama
Eduardo Galeano Interviewed by Jonah Raskin by Monthly Review, October 2009
Uruguayan Author Eduardo Galeano Returns with Mirrors: Stories of Almost Everyone – video report by Democracy Now!
Haiti Occupied Country 

1940 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Uruguayan writers
Uruguayan educators
People from Montevideo
Tom Towles (March 20, 1950 – April 5, 2015) was an American actor. He was known for his roles Night of the Living Dead, Fortress, Mad Dog and Glory, Blood in Blood Out, House of 1000 Corpses, and its sequel, The Devil's Rejects.

References

Other websites

1950 births
2015 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Chicago
Ronnie Carroll (born Ronald Cleghorn, 18 August 1934 – 13 April 2015) was a Northern Irish singer and entertainer. Carroll was born in Roslyn Street, Belfast, Northern Ireland. He stood in the Haltemprice and Howden by-election, 2008 as a candidate for Make Politicians History and received 29 votes despite announcing that he was trying to enter the record books by receiving no votes.

He lived in Hampstead, London. Carroll died aged 80 on 13 April 2015 from a short-illness.

References

Other websites

1934 births
2015 deaths
Irish politicians
Irish singers
People from Belfast
Patrice Dominguez (12 January 1950 – 12 April 2015) was a French tennis player. He was born in Algiers, Algeria. He represented France in the Davis Cup between 1971 and 1979. He then became a trainer for several players such as Henri Leconte and Fabrice Santoro. He also worked as an analyst for different French media. Between 2005 and 2011 he was the national technical director of the French Tennis Federation.

Dominguez died on 12 April 2015 from lung disease at the age of 65.

References

1950 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from lung disease
French tennis players
Algerian sportspeople
People from Algiers
The Tin Drum () is a 1959 novel by Günter Grass. The novel is the first book of Grass's  (Danzig Trilogy). It was made into a movie in 1979. 

1959 books
Paul Konrad Muller (born 11 March 1923 in Neuchâtel) is a Swiss character actor. He was known for his roles in Journey to Italy (1954), Nightmare Castle (1965) and Vampyros Lesbos (1971).

Other websites

1923 births
Living people
Swiss actors
Michèle Morgan (; 29 February 1920 – 20 December 2016) was a French movie actress.

Morgan was born Simone Renée Roussel in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, a wealthy western suburb of Paris.

Morgan was known for her roles in Port of Shadows, Passage to Marseille (alongside Humphrey Bogart), Stormy Waters, Fabiola, The Proud and the Beautiful, and in The Grand Maneuver.

Morgan died on 20 December 2016 at her home in Paris, aged 96.

Trivia 
The former President of Chile Michelle Bachelet was named after Michèle Morgan.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Michèle Morgan at filmsdefrance.com
 Photographs of Michèle Morgan

1920 births
2016 deaths
French movie actors
French television actors
French stage actors
Actors from Paris
A Killer Among Friends is a 1992 made-for-television movie. It aired on CBS on December 8, 1992. Based on a true story, the movie stars Patty Duke as a mother grieving for her murdered daughter (Tiffani Thiessen). She sets out to find the killer. The movie is based on the real life murder of Michele "Missy" Avila.

Cast
Patty Duke Jean Monroe
Tiffani Thiessen as Jennifer Anne "Jenny" Monroe
Margaret Welsh as Ellen Holloway
Angie Rae McKinney as Carla Lewis
David Cubitt as Greg Monroe
Janne Mortil as Kathy Pearl
Loretta Swit as Detective Patricia Staley
Debra Sharkey as Sheryl Monroe
Chad Todhunter as Adam Monroe
Ben Bass as Steve
William S. Taylor as Detective Mike Collins
Babs Chula as Diane
Matthew Bennett as Dan
Heather and Shannon Beaty as Celeste
Barry Pepper as Mickey Turner
Lisa Vultaggio as Susan

References

Other websites 
 A Killer Among Friends, IMDb

1990s
1992 movies