cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mark Wells White, Jr., (March 17, 1940 – August 5, 2017) was an American lawyer. He served as the 43rd Governor of Texas serving from January 18, 1983 to January 20, 1987.

White died at age 77 at his home in Houston, Texas on August 5, 2017 from a heart attack.

References

Other websites
 Photos of Mark White, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
 
  Governor Mark White's press conference on No Pass, No Play on August 8, 1985.
  O.L. McCotter letter to Governor White on state prisons, July 8, 1985.
 White, Governor Mark and David Goldstein. Governor Mark White Oral History , Houston Oral History Project, November 23, 2009.
  TX Attorney General Race-November 7, 1978
  TX Governor Democratic Primary Race-May 1, 1982
  TX Governor Race-November 2, 1982
  TX Governor Race-November 4, 1986

1940 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Texas
Governors of Texas
Lawyers from Texas
US Democratic Party politicians
Twine (also called baler twine) is a light string or strong thread made from two or more smaller strands or yarns twisted together.  More generally, the term can be applied to a cord. It is often synonymous with string but is usually thicker. Natural fibres used for making twine include cotton, sisal, jute, hemp, henequen, and coir.  A variety of synthetic fibres may also be used. Twine is available in colors, plain or waxed. Twine is as useful as duct tape in that it can be used for a wide variety of repairs.

Uses 
In arts and crafts, twine is used for a wide variety of projects. It is used in knitting, crocheting, and making jewellery, to mention just a few. Commercially, twine is used in upholstery, rug-making, agriculture, the cotton industry, textiles, and in the carton industry.

History 
Twine traces its history back to as early as 32,000 years ago. Wild flax fibers were used to make twine for clothing, baskets and creating tools. Hunter-gatherers processed flax into strong cords or twine. 

Archaeologists discovered flax fiber cords in a western Asian cave that date from 32,000 to 26,000 years ago. In a cave at Lascaux, France fossilized remains of a “two-ply laid rope of about 7 mm diameter” were dated to about 15,000 BCE. Hemp twine was used from about 8,000 BCE. By 1,000 BCE hemp rope and twine was used by most civilizations. From 500 BCE to 1900 AD almost all rope and twine used in sailing ships was made from hemp. For example, the USS Constitution used hemp for its rigging lines. Sea bags and other common goods used help cordage or twine.

In the 1630s hemp was used to produce cordage in Boston. Soon there were several ropewalks in Boston producing hemp rope. Hemp twine was twisted into rope.

Related pages 
 String
 Fibre
 Rope
 Yarn

References 

Fibers
Nanyuki is a town in Kenya. It had an urban population of 31,577 in 1999.

The town was started by British settlers in the early days of colonial Kenya in 1907. Some of their descendants still live in or around the town. Today, the town is multi-cultural and the market center for farms, ranches, game parks and wildlife conservancies in the region.

Towns in Africa
Settlements in Kenya
On the evening of June 17, 2015, a mass shooting took place at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, the first church for black people ever in America. It is in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. Nine people at the church were killed and another was injured. Among the dead was minister and state senator, Clementa C. Pinckney.

Suspect
Police arrested a white youth, later identified as 21-year-old Dylann Roof, in Shelby, North Carolina, the morning after the attack. 

Dylann Storm Roof was named by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) as the suspected killer after his father and uncle got in touch with police. They identified Roof after seeing security photos of him in the news. Roof was born in Columbia, South Carolina. He was living in a mostly African-American neighborhood near Columbia at the time of the shooting. Roof already had a police record of two arrests, both made in the months leading up to the attack.

Victims
The victims, six women and three men, were all African-American members of the AME Church. Eight died at the scene; the ninth, Daniel Simmons, died at MUSC Medical Center. They were all killed by multiple gunshots fired at close range.Five persons survived the shooting unharmed, including Felicia Sanders, mother of slain victim Tywanza Sanders, and her five-year-old granddaughter, as well as Polly Sheppard, a Bible study member. Pinckney's wife and two daughters were inside the building during the shooting, but were in the pastor's office with the door locked. Those killed were identified as:

 Clementa C. Pinckney (41) – the church's pastor and a South Carolina state senator.
 Cynthia Marie Graham Hurd (54) – a Bible study member and manager for the Charleston County Public Library system; sister of former state senator Malcolm Graham.
 Susie Jackson (87) – the oldest victim who was a Bible study and church choir member.
 Ethel Lee Lance (70) – the church's sexton.
 Depayne Middleton-Doctor (49) – a pastor who was also employed as a school administrator and admissions coordinator at Southern Wesleyan University.
 Tywanza Sanders (26) – the youngest victim who was a graduate of Allen University; grandnephew of victim Susie Jackson.
 Daniel L. Simmons (74) – a pastor who also served at Greater Zion AME Church in Awendaw.
 Sharonda Coleman-Singleton (45) – a pastor; also a speech therapist and track coach at Goose Creek High School; mother of MLB prospect Chris Singleton.
 Myra Thompson (59) – a Bible study teacher.

The victims were later collectively referred to as "The Emanuel Nine".

References

2015 mass shootings
2015 murders in the United States
2010s mass shootings in the United States
2010s in South Carolina
African-American history
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2015
Attacks on buildings and structures in the United States
Attacks on churches
Church shooting

June 2015 events
Massacres in the United States
Murders by firearm in the United States
Religious building shootings
Eugénie Anne Claudine Le Sommer (born on 18 May 1989 in Grasse, France) is a French association football midfielder/forward who currently plays for Olympique Lyonnais and the France women's national football team.

Career statistics 

As of 9 May 2015

International

As of 10 June 2015

References 

French footballers
1989 births
Clementa Carlos Pinckney (July 30, 1973 – June 17, 2015) was an American Democratic member of the South Carolina Senate, representing the 45th District since 2000. He was previously a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1997 through 2000.

Pinckney was a senior pastor at Mother Emanuel A.M.E. in Charleston. He died, along with eight others, in a mass shooting at an evening bible study at his church on June 17, 2015.

References

Other websites
 Senator Clementa C. Pinckney at South Carolina Legislature
 Reverend Clementa Pinckney  at Mother Emanuel A.M.E. Church
 Follow the Money - Clementa C. Pinckney
2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 campaign contributions

1973 births
2015 deaths
African American politicians
Christian ministers
Christian religious leaders
Murdered African-American people
Murders by firearm in the United States
Politicians from South Carolina
US Democratic Party politicians
Tony Ranasinghe (31 July 1937 – 16 June 2015) was a Sri Lankan actor. He was known for his roles in Hanthane Kathawa (1969), Duhulu Malak (1976) and Ahasin Polawata (1979). Ranasinghe was born in Modara, Sri Lanka.

Ranasinghe died on 16 June 2015 at a public hospital in Colombo at the age of 77.

References

Other websites
Tony Ranasinghe's Biography in Sinhala Cinema Database

1937 births
2015 deaths
Sri Lankan people
Sri Lankan movie actors
Writers
An anti-tank gun is a light artillery gun used to destroy tanks. The shells they fire are usually between 25 and 90 mm caliber (1 to 3.6 inches). They were used a lot in World War II. Later wars used them less, because smaller anti-tank weapons had been invented. 

Firearms
The 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup was the fifth FIFA Women's World Cup and it took place in China. The winners were Germany.

Group stage

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Knockout stage

Third place match

Final

Goal scorers

7 goals 
 Marta

6 goals 
 Abby Wambach
 Ragnhild Gulbrandsen

5 goals 
 Cristiane
 Birgit Prinz

4 goals 
 Kelly Smith
 Renate Lingor
 Lisa De Vanna

3 goals 
 Sandra Smisek
 Christine Sinclair

2 goals 
 Melanie Behringer
 Kerstin Garefrekes
 Aya Miyama
 Cathrine Paaske Sørensen
 Lotta Schelin
 Ane Stangeland Horpestad
 Isabell Herlovsen
 Li Jie
 Lori Chalupny
 Heather O'Reilly

1 goal 
 Shannon Boxx
 Kristine Lilly
 Kil Son-Hui
 Kim Yong-Ae
 Kim Kyong-Hwa
 Ri Kum-Suk
 Ri Un Suk
 Victoria Svensson
 Cynthia Uwak
 Sarah Walsh
 Heather Garriock
 Collette McCallum
 Cheryl Salisbury
 Lauren Colthorpe
 Anita Amankwa
 Adjoa Bayor
 Florence Okoe
 Daniela
 Renata Costa
 Pretinha
 Formiga
 Candace-Marie Chapman
 Sophie Schmidt
 Martina Franko
 Melissa Tancredi
 Lene Storløkken
 Lise Klaveness
 Bi Yan
 Song Xiaoli
 Xie Caixia
 Anne Dot Eggers Nielsen
 Katrine Pedersen
 Yuki Nagasato
 Jill Scott
 Fara Williams
 Vicky Exley
 Eva Nadia González
 Annike Krahn
 Kerstin Stegemann
 Martina Müller
 Simone Laudehr

Own goal 
 Eva Nadia González (against England)
 Trine Rønning (against Germany)
 Leslie Osborne (against Brazil)

References 

FIFA Women's World Cup
2007 in association football
2000s in China
Football in China
2007 in Asia
The April 2015 Nepal earthquake (also known as the Gorkha earthquake) killed more than 8,800 people and injured more than 23,000. It occurred at  on 25 April. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.8Mw. Its epicenter was east of the district of Lamjung. Its hypocenter was at a depth of about . It was the worst natural disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake.

The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing at least 19 people. This makes April 25, 2015 the deadliest day on the mountain in history. The earthquake triggered another huge avalanche in the Langtang valley, where 250 people were reported missing.

Hundreds of thousands of people were made homeless with entire villages destroyed. Centuries-old buildings were destroyed at UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the Kathmandu Valley. Experts had warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a deadly earthquake.

Continued aftershocks occurred throughout Nepal within 15–20 minute intervals. One shock reached a magnitude of 6.7 on 26 April at 12:54:08 NST. The country also had a continued risk of landslides.

It created 7 avalanches after. Many Nepalese countries had suffered from the quake.

References 

2015 disasters in Asia
2010s earthquakes in Asia
History of Nepal
April 2015 events
Amy Sedaris (born March 29, 1961) is an American writer, actress and comedian. She played Jerri Blank in Strangers with Candy on Comedy Central and The Powerpuff Girls. She played Rachel Hoffberg in Maid in Manhattan.

Sedaris was born in Endicott, New York. She grew up in Raleigh, North Carolina.

References

Comedians from New York
American television actors
American movie actors
1961 births
Living people
Actors from New York
Writers from Raleigh, North Carolina
Actors from Raleigh, North Carolina
People from Endicott, New York
Julián Castro ( , ; (born September 16, 1974) is an American politician. He was the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 2014 to 2017. Before that, Castro was the Mayor of San Antonio, Texas, from 2009 to 2014. He held that office for three terms.

In January 2019, Castro announced his campaign to run for President of the United States in the 2020 election. He ended his campaign in January 2020.

Early life  
Julian Castro was born in San Antonio, Texas, to Maria "Rosie" Castro and Jessie Guzman. He is the identical twin brother of current United States Representative Joaquín Castro. His mother was a Chicana political activist who helped start the Chicano political party, La Raza Unida. She also ran for the San Antonio City Council in 1971, but she did not win. Castro once said, "My mother is probably the biggest reason that my brother and I are in public service. Growing up, she would take us to a lot of rallies and organizational meetings and other things that are very boring for an 8-, 9-, 10-year-old".

Education 
Castro graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in San Antonio in 1992. He had played football, basketball and tennis.  He got an offer to play tennis at Trinity University, an NCAA Division III school in his hometown. He decided instead to go to Stanford University. He graduated from Stanford in 1996 with a bachelor's degree in political science and communications.

Castro entered Harvard Law School in 1997 and graduated with a Juris Doctor law degree in 2000.

In Obama administration 

On May 22, 2014, the White House said that Castro had been nominated by President Barack Obama to be the next Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. He was approved by the Senate on July 9, 2014, by a vote of 71-26. He took office on July 28, 2014. After the announcement, Castro has been talked about as a possible 2016 Democratic Vice Presidential nominee.

On July 28, 2014, his first day in office, Castro was honored at a reception called "Celebrating Latino Cabinet Members". It was hosted by the Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute.

2020 presidential run

On December 12, 2018, Castro formed an exploratory committee for a presidential bid in the 2020 election. Exactly one month later, Castro officially launched his presidential bid at a rally in San Antonio. His brother, Congressman Joaquin Castro, introduced him at the rally. He ended his campaign on January 2, 2020 following low polling numbers.

References 

1974 births
American Roman Catholics
Harvard University alumni
2020 United States presidential candidates
Living people
Mayors of San Antonio
Stanford University alumni
US Democratic Party politicians
Twin people from the United States
United States Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development
Lawyers from San Antonio
Susannah Mushatt Jones (July 6, 1899 – May 12, 2016) was an American supercentenarian who was, at the age of 116, the world's oldest living person. Jones was the last living American person born in the 19th century.

She has received tributes from the United States House of Representatives and from the Alabama House of Representatives "for a remarkable lifetime of exceptional achievement lived during three centuries".

References

1899 births
2016 deaths
African-American supercentenarians
People from Alabama
Sunwing Airlines is a Canadian airline. It was started in 2005. Sunwing has scheduled (planned) and charter (irregular) flights.  It goes to cities in Canada, United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, South America and Europe. Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto-Pearson and Vancouver are Sunwing's hubs.

Gallery

References

Airlines of North America
Transport in Canada
2005 establishments in Canada
The Pontiac Aztek was a mid-size crossover sold by the Pontiac division of General Motors from 2001 to 2005. The vehicle was GM's first venture into the crossover market. It also had a twin the Buick Rendezvous. Both were built on the GM's minivan platform. The Aztek was a cross between a minivan and an SUV.

With a front engine and four-wheel drive (available after January 2001), the Aztek featured a four-speed automatic transmission and a V-6 engine. Pontiac marketed it as a "sport recreational vehicle." It featuring 94 cubic feet of cargo room capable of carrying a 4' x 8' sheet of plywood with its rear seats removed. Other features included a rear center console that doubled as a removable cooler. It had rear stereo controls in the cargo area. The Aztek featured an available camping package with an attachable tent and inflatable mattress. The latter could be inflated by a built-in air compressor.

The Aztek was a commercial failure. It was also called one of the worst vehicles ever made. Criticized for its awkward styling it was called downright ugly. The Aztek was phased out and replaced by the Pontiac Torrent. The Rendezvous continued to be sold until 2008 when it was replaced by the Enclave.

References 

Sport utility vehicles
Pontiac automobiles
Samuel McClain (April 15, 1943 – June 16, 2015), better known by his stage name Mighty Sam McClain, was an American soul blues singer and songwriter. He began his career in 1958. He was nominated for a Grammy Award. He was born in Monroe, Louisiana.

McClain died from a stroke on June 16, 2015 in Concord, New Hampshire, aged 72.

References

Other websites
 

1943 births
2015 deaths
American blues musicians
American R&B singers
American singer-songwriters
American soul musicians
American blues singers
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from stroke
Disease-related deaths in New Hampshire
Singers from Louisiana
[[File:Avon Fantasy Reader 7.jpg|thumb|The Curse of a Thousand Kisses was a short story published in one of Sax Rohmer's collections. It was later republished in a 1948 issue of Avon Fantasy Reader]]

Sax Rohmer was Arthur Henry Ward (15 February 1883 – 1 June 1959). He was an English novelist born in Birmingham to Irish parents. He is best remembered for his creation of the master criminal Dr Fu Manchu.

After ghostwriting the autobiography of Little Tich, a music hall entertainer, Ward issued the first Fu Manchu novel. This was The Mystery of Dr. Fu-Manchu, serialised from October 1912 to June 1913.

It was an immediate success. It had police official Denis Nayland Smith and Dr. Petrie facing a worldwide conspiracy led by a mastermind. It reflected the "yellow peril" scares of the times. The phrase yellow peril (sometimes yellow terror or yellow spectre), was coined by Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, in the 1890s.

The Fu Manchu stories, and other writing, made Rohmer one of the most successful and well-paid authors of the 1920s and 1930s.

References 

1883 births
1959 deaths
English novelists
Writers from Birmingham
The AC Cobra is a hybrid American sportscar consisting of a British roadster with an American engine and transmission. In 1961 Carroll Shelby took a dated AC Ace sports car and installed a Ford V-8 engine with a Borg-Warner T-10 four-speed transmission. The resulting car made history. Designed as a Corvette-killer it was one of the fastest cars available at the time. They were produced and sold by Carroll Shelby International Inc.

History 
Carroll Shelby was one of the world's first professional race car drivers. At age 37 a bad heart forced his retirement from racing. He started building cars in the back of a tire dealership in Santa Fe Springs, California. In June 1962 he moved to Venice, California. He wanted to build an American sportscar. Others had experimented with putting an American engine into a European car body. Shelby thought he could do it better. He approached General Motors with the idea but they already had the Corvette. They were also not interested in a limited production sports car. Ford, however, was very interested. Shelby also learned that AC Limited in England was having trouble getting motors for their cars. He told them Ford was interested in supplying engines if they would ship him a car to test. They sent a body and Ford sent him a V-8. He and a friend worked all night installing the engine. In the morning they had the first Shelby AC Cobra.

In the beginning Shelby used Ford's 260 cu in. engine. The V8 worked so well within the spacious engine bay Shelby looked for a larger engine. In 1963 the 289 was installed and worked very well. In 1964 Shelby moved to Ford's 427 cu in. engine and made the chassis stronger in 1965.

Gallery

Racing 
In October 1962 a Cobra was winning at Riverside, California when a broken hub put it out of the race. In January 1963 a Cobra won at Riverside. Cobras raced at Daytona, Sebring and Le Mans. 
In 1964 a specially designed 427 coupe won the GT Championship. The same year raced at Le Mans and placed fourth. Their legend continued to grow on the racetrack.

Production 
From 1961 to 1968 a total of only 998 were built. Of these 655 were 289 Cobras and 343 were 427 Cobras. In late 1968 AC stopped production of the Ace body. They continued to produce AC Cobras for Shelby until 1968.

Shelby didn't make any more Cobras until the early 1990s. He watched as prices soared for his original cars. He also saw many Cobra replicas being built; some good, some not so good. He still had a number of unused chassis numbers for cars designed to be built in 1965. He wanted to sell them as new 1965 models but the state of California would only allow them to be sold for off-road use. He built only nine "Completion Cobras". Shelby then began to build cars as "rollers" that could be completed by an authorized dealer. They were available with a fiberglass body or the original aluminum body. He offered 289 Cobras and Cobras with 427 "side-oiler" engines. Shelby offered a 50th anniversary Cobra in all black with red interiors. They had special gold badging. He made 50, available as rollers, which were all sold out in 48 hours.

References 

Automobiles
Roadsters
Sports cars
Rhizophoraceae is a family of flowering plants. There are 149 species in 16 genera. Most of them occur in the Old World. Well-known members of the family are mangrove trees.

Malpighiales
Fredrik Ludvig Fasting Torgersen (1 October 1934 – 19 June 2015) was a Norwegian man who was convicted of murder in 1958. Serving 16 years in prison before being released, he has claimed his innocence many times. 

In 2013 Bjørg Njaa, a daughter of a judge in the 1958 trial said that her father was prejudiced against Torgersen even before being assigned to the trial. In 2014 he was denied access to official recordings of then leader of the Norwegian Board of Forensic Medicine, Bjørnar Olaisen, answering to  Criminal Cases Review Commission.

References

1934 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Norwegian people
Criminals
Philip Baine Austin (April 6, 1941 – June 18, 2015) was an American comedian and writer. Austin was best known for his work as part of The Firesign Theatre (of which he was the only constant member), where he played the group's best-known creation, Nick Danger.

Other websites
 Phil Austin's Blog of the Unknown 
 Austin's bio on Firesign Theatre site
 Phil Austin: The Man Under The Hat
 Phil Austin on IMDB

1941 births
2015 deaths
Comedians from Denver, Colorado
Writers from Denver, Colorado
Harold Raymond Battiste, Jr. (October 28, 1931 – June 19, 2015) was an American music composer, arranger, performer and teacher. He was best known for his work as an arranger on records by Sam Cooke,  Joe Jones, Lee Dorsey, Sonny and Cher,  Dr. John, and others.

Battiste died on June 19, 2015, aged 83, after a period of declining health.

References

Other websites
  Harold Battiste's AFO Foundation

1931 births
2015 deaths
20th-century American composers
21st-century American composers
African American musicians
Educators from New Orleans, Louisiana
Musicians from New Orleans, Louisiana
Sebastiano Mannironi (22 July 1930 – 11 June 2015) was an Italian weightlifter. He was born in Nuoro, Sardinia. He competed at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics. He won a bronze medal at the 1960 Olympics.

Mannironi died on 11 June 2015 in Bracciano, aged 84.

References

1930 births
2015 deaths
1956 Summer Olympics
1964 Summer Olympics
Italian Olympians
Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists
People from Sardinia
Weightlifters
Sir Patrick William Eisdell Moore  (17 March 1918 – 18 June 2015) was a New Zealand surgeon and medical researcher. He was known for his work with cochlear implants. He was the first person in the world to perform an eardrum transplant.

Eisdell Moore was born in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England. He also as a medical officer during World War II. His autobiography So Old So Quick was released in 2004. He was married and had four children.

Eisdell Moore died on 18 June 2015 in Orakei, Auckland. He was 97.

References

1918 births
2015 deaths
Autobiographers
Knights Bachelor
Medical researchers
Military personnel of World War II
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Auckland
People from Bristol
Physicians
The Girl Next Door is a 2004 American teen sex comedy movie. It is directed by Luke Greenfield. It stars Emile Hirsch, Elisha Cuthbert, Timothy Olyphant, James Remar, Chris Marquette and Paul Dano. It also got mixed reviews from critics with Roger Ebert giving it a 1.5 out of 4 stars. It also holds a 55% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

The movie is about a high school senior, Matthew Kidman (Emile Hirsch), who falls in love for the first time with the girl next door, Danielle (Elisha Cuthbert). However, he finds the situation becoming a problem after he learns that she is a one-time pornographic actress.

Cast
 Emile Hirsch as Matthew Kidman
 Elisha Cuthbert as Danielle / Athena
 Timothy Olyphant as Kelly
 James Remar as Hugo Posh
 Chris Marquette as Eli
 Paul Dano as Klitz
 Olivia Wilde as Kellie
 Sunny Leone as cameo appearance
 Amanda Swisten as April
 Sung-Hi Lee as Ferrari
 Timothy Bottoms as Mr. Kidman
 Donna Bullock as Mrs. Kidman
 Jacob Young as Hunter
 Luther Reigns as Mule

References

Other websites
 

2004 comedy movies
2000s coming-of-age movies
2000s romantic comedy movies
2000s teen comedy movies
2000s sex comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
American coming-of-age movies
American romantic comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
American sex comedy movies
Coming-of-age comedy movies
Coming-of-age romance movies
English-language movies
Movies about abduction
Movies set in California
Movies set in Las Vegas
Teen sex comedy movies
Movies about pornography
José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia y Velasco (17661840) was the dictator of Paraguay. He helped Paraguay become independent from Spain. Paraguay became independent from Spain in 1811. Francia y Velasco reigned from 1814 until his death in 1840.

Francia y Velasco believed that Paraquay should be self-sufficient. During his reign, almost no goods were imported, and only yerba mate was exported. Leaves and twigs of this herb,  Ilex paraguariensis, are the basis of the drink called "mate".

Further reading 
(An annotated publication of the archived collection of Francia's writings, the Colección Doroteo Bareiro, held by the "Archivo Nacional de Asuncion"):

Other websites 
 Brief biography of Rodriguez de Francia
 "Paraguay: The Rise of José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia"
 "Archivo Nacional de Asuncion"
 John Hoyt Williams, 'Paraguayan Isolation under Dr Francia: A Reevaluation' The Hispanic American Historical Review, volume 52, issue 1, Feb 1972 pp 102–22

1766 births
1840 deaths
Former dictators
Paraguay
South American politicians
Dogger Bank is a large sandbank in the North Sea. It lies about  from the coast of England. It is about  long and  wide. On average, the North Sea is  deep. The average depth in the area of the Dogger Bank is , at the shallowest place the water is only  deep. During the last ice age, it was sometimes an island and sometimes a land bridge connecting Britain and mainland Europe.

Today, Dogger Bank is important for fishing, in particular for cod and European plaice.

Geography
Azerbaijan Carpet Museum  (formerly called the State Museum of Azerbaijan Carpet and Applied Art) displays Azerbaijani carpets and rugs. The display shows various weaving techniques and materials from various periods. It is named after Latif Karimov and has the largest collection of Azerbaijani carpets in the world.
It moved to a brand new building on the Baku's seafront park during 2014 from its former location on Neftchiler Avenue.

History

The museum was established in 1967 and was first located in the Juma Mosque in the Old City. The mosque was built in the 15th century and then renovated in the 19th century. Its first exhibition was held in 1972. In 1992, after the collapse of the USSR, the museum was moved to the second floor of what is now the Baku Museum Center, a building that had originally been the Lenin museum. The collection was named in honour of the carpet designer Latif Karimov.

Plans to move the collection to a new building have been in preparation since 2010 when Azerbaijani carpets were proclaimed "a Masterpiece of Intangible Heritage" by UNESCO.
The new building was due to open in late 2012  and was visited by President Ilham Aliyev in September 2013, but as of March 2014 the new building had not yet officially opened its doors to the public. In April 2014 the museum was renamed Azerbaijan Carpet Museum dropping its much longer official title.

Collection
The collection of the museum includes over 10,000 items of ceramics, metal works of the 14th century, jewellery from the Bronze Age, carpets and carpet items from the 17th-20th centuries, national garments and embroidery, and applied art works (decorative arts and design) of the Modern Age. 
The museum organizes public lectures, study courses on carpets and applied arts.
It has a book store selling books on Azerbaijani crafts and carpet art.
The museum also holds a permanent collection from the Shusha Museum of History, from the city of Shusha, looted after occupation by Armenian troops in 1992. Part of the exhibited items of the Shusha museum were saved when the director of the museum moved out 600 carpets before the occupation. They are now displayed at the museum in an exhibition titled "Burned Culture".

International exhibitions
The museum does research and public servie work. Every year, state and international exhibitions are organized and catalogues on carpets are printed by the museum. The museum has also held exhibitions in more than 30 countries including France, Germany, England, Japan, the Netherlands. In 1998, the museum participated in a UNESCO-organized exhibition in Paris dedicated to Fuzûlî and in 1999 dedicated to the 1,300th anniversary of the Book of Dede Korkut and displayed carpets, folk applied art items, including copper jugs, mugs, buckets and saddle-bags.

Related pages
 Azerbaijani carpet

References

Other websites

  

Museums in Baku
Art museums
National museums in Asia
Buildings and structures in Baku
1967 establishments in Asia
Textile arts
20th-century establishments in Azerbaijan
Guo Jianmei (Simplified Chinese: 郭建梅; Hanyu pinyin Guō Jiànméi; born October 1961) is a Chinese lawyer and human rights activist. She is the head of an organization to help women with legal problems.  In 2011, she received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

Life 
Guo Jianmei was born in a poor area of Hua County, Henan Province, in China.  Both her parents were teachers.  Guo saw poverty and  problems with women's rights in her village. This gave her the idea to work for women's rights in China. She is married to writer Liu Zhenyun.

Work 
When she was 18, Guo went to law school at Beijing University.  She graduated in 1983. After she graduated, she worked at the Ministry of Justice, The All China Federation of Women, and The All China Association of Lawyers.  In 1989, Guo helped to write the law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests. Guo traveled to more than 20 areas of China to learn about the lives of Chinese women.

In 1995, Guo went to the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing. When a foreign lawyer asked about non-governmental organizations to help women with legal problems, everyone was silent.  They understood that women had very little help in China. Later that year, Guo and her friends started the Beijing University Law School Women's Legal Research and Services Centre, China's first NGO non-governmental organization for legal help for women.

Guo helped write China's new marriage law in 2001.  In 2003, she helped write the law for Regulations for Legal Aid. Guo wrote 8 books.  She is also editor of three volumes of "Everyday Life Law", and "A Guide to Women's Legal Aid Cases".

Awards 

In 2010 Guo Jianmei received the Simone De Beauvoir Prize.  
Also in 2010, the International Labor Organisation (ILO) named her China’s first anti-AIDS discrimination ambassador. 
In 2011 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

References

Other websites 

  Women’s Legal Research and Service Centre
  PeaceWomen Across the Globe
  ILO
 Guo Jianmei   Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America
 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Living people
1961 births
Chinese lawyers
Human rights activists
François Delapierre (4 November 1970 – 20 June 2015) was a French politician. He served as the national secretary of the Left Party from December 2010 until his death. He was also the regional councillor of Île-de-France from February 2009 until his death. He was also a member of the Socialist Party from 1986 to 2008. He was born in Paris.

Delapierre died from brain cancer on 20 June 2015 in Paris, aged 44.

References

1970 births
2015 deaths
Civil servants
Cancer deaths in France
Deaths from brain cancer
Politicians from Paris
Takanonami Sadahiro (born Sadahiro Namioka October 27, 1971 - June 20, 2015) was a Japanese sumo wrestler and coach from Aomori. He held sumo's second highest rank of  ōzeki from 1994 until 2000 and won two tournament titles. He lived a sumo coach life after retirement in 2000 until his death in 2015.

References

1971 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Japanese sumo wrestlers
Aomori Prefecture
Timofey Pavlovich Mozgov (born July 16, 1986) is a Russian professional basketball player. He currently plays center for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Mozgov is from St. Petersburg, Russia. He is 7 foot 1 inches tall. Mozgov also played for the New York Knicks and the Denver Nuggets. Mozgov played in the 2012 London Olympics. His team won the bronze medal. He first came into the NBA on October 27, 2010. His jersey number is 20. Mozgov also played for Khimki Moscow Region. On June 4, 2015, he became the first Russian to play in the NBA Finals.

References 

Basketball players
Olympic bronze medalists
1986 births
Living people
David Michael Blatt (; born May 22, 1959) is an Israeli-American professional basketball coach. He is currently the head coach of the Cleveland Cavaliers. Blatt played point guard at Princeton University from 1977 to 1981. He played in the Maccabiah Games for the USA national team that won a gold medal in 1981. He then played professional basketball in Israel for nine of the next 12 years. An injury ended his playing career and he began coaching full-time.

Blatt is one of the most successful American coaches in European basketball history. As a coach, Blatt has been the Israeli League Coach of the Year four times (1996, 2002, 2011, and 2014). He was the Russian Super League Coach of the Year (2005). In the 2012 Summer Olympics he led the Russian national team to win a Bronze medal. Blatt was also the Euroleague Coach of the Year (2014). He took over as Cleveland's head coach in 2014 His lifetime .639 winning percentage after the 2014–15 season was the best of any Cavaliers head coach in team history.

Blatt was born on May 22, 1959, in Boston, Massachusetts. He grew up in Framingham, Massachusetts. As a freshman he played junior varsity before becoming one of Framingham South's top players.

On August 19, 2019, he announced that he has Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis, the most advanced form of the autoimmune disease.

References 

Basketball
Coaches
People with multiple sclerosis
Eva Abu Halaweh (Arabic: إيفا أبو حلاوة), born 1975, is a Jordanian lawyer and human rights activist. In 2011 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State.

Eva works against honor killings. She also works against torture and abuse in the Jordanian prisons and police stations.

Work 

Eva has a bachelor's degree in law and a master’s degree in diplomacy. Eva had her own private law practice.  She also worked for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees as a legal advisor.

Eva is the Executive Director of the Mizan Law Group for Human Rights. She helped start the organization.

Awards 

 International Women of Courage Award, 2011

Related pages
 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

References

Other websites 

 Mizan Law Group ميزان القانون   

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Living people
Jordanian people
Human rights activists
Lawyers
1975 births
Women lawyers
“Nirbhaya” (In Hindi, it means "the fearless one") was a 23-year-old physiotherapy student. On December 16, 2012, she was raped on a bus in Delhi, India. Because rape laws in India do not permit using a victim's name she was known only as "Nirbhaya". It is one of the many names the Indian media had given her. In 2013, “Nirbhaya” received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State, posthumously.

Life 
“Nirbhaya” was born into a working-class family.  Her dream was to be a doctor.  Her family spent their life savings so “Nirbhaya” could study medicine. She had just graduated from a physiotherapy program.

The attack 
On December 16, 2012, “Nirbhaya” was attacked on a bus. On the bus she and her male friend were beaten by six men. She was dragged to the back of the bus and repeatedly gang raped for over an hour. The bus driver drove all over Delhi while this was happening. She and her friend were left for dead at the side of the road. Police found them but no ambulance would come. Police took her to the hospital. She was taken into surgery.

The government of India, including Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, decided to move her to a Singapore hospital. Nirbhaya was in critical condition and on a ventilator. Doctors said there was no medical reason to move her. She was airlifted to  Mt. Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore.

Two weeks after the attack, on December 29, 2012, she died. Before she died, she made two police statements in the hospital.  She said she wanted justice against the six attackers.

Aftermath 
“Nirbhaya”'s case started demonstrations and protests in India.  It also started changes in the laws about violence against women. The five men and the bus driver were identified and arrested. They were charged with kidnapping, rape and murder.

One of the men arrested committed suicide in prison. One, who was a teenager at the time, was given three years in a reformatory. That was the maximum allowed for a juvenile in India. The remaining four were given the death penalty. It was Nirbhaya's dying wish the men be  “burned alive”. Her parents, who had been demanding they hang, said they were satisfied by the sentences.In 2013, a year after her rape, there was a large increase in the number of persons arrested for rape. But the number of rapes had also risen sharply.

Related pages
2012 Delhi gang rape case

References

Other websites 

 Remembering Nirbhaya
 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
2012 deaths
Indian activists
1989 births
A feature phone or a dumbphone is a type of mobile phone. The name "feature phone" usually means the phone cannot do things that a smartphone can do. Feature phones basically allow people to make phone calls and sent text messages, while a few may also be able to play multimedia and access the internet and other services offered by the user's wireless service provider.

Modern feature phones can have smartphone-like 3G connectivity, touchscreens, and access to popular social networking services. However, these phones do not support software made by other companies as much as smartphones—because of this, feature phones are also called dumb phones.

People often buy feature phones as they are cheaper than smartphones, especially in emerging markets. In the past few years, however, phone makers have begun to make and sell cheap smartphones for sale in places where high-end smartphones are not popular.
As a result, as of 2015, feature phones are now considered very low quality products.

References 

Mobile phones
GM Lambda platform is a car platform designed and used by General Motors. It is a full-size crossover platform. Lambda is based on the earlier GM Epsilon platform. The Lambda platform replaces GM's U minivan platform and the GMT360 SUV platform. This is used for the Chevrolet Malibu sedan and other similar models. The Lambda architecture is used by the Chevrolet Traverse, Buick Enclave, Saturn Outlook and GMC Acadia.

The Buick Enclave concept car was previewed at the 2006 North American International Auto Show. The Saturn Outlook was shown at the 2006 New York Auto Show. The 2007 Outlook and GMC Acadia went into production in late 2006. This was followed by the 2008 Enclave in mid-2007, and the 2009 Chevrolet Traverse in mid-2008.

Lambda vehicles feature easily accessible three-row seating.  They were supplied with the LY7 3.6-liter V6.  Starting with the 2009 model year all Lambda vehicles have GM LLT 3.6-liter gasoline direct injection engine for improved fuel efficiency, horsepower and torque. It is unlikely GM will offer a V8 engine for Lambda. The platform has been designed for front and all-wheel drive applications. Lambda is expected to be replaced by the new GM C1XX platform.

The lambda-based GM vehicles are now considered America's most American vehicle. Frank DuBois, of the Washington, DC-based American University created a new model for finding out which cars have the highest percentage of American-made parts and labor. His index shows the GM Lambda platform CUVs are the most "American made."

References 

General Motors
Car classifications
Perdiendo el norte'' is a 2015 Spanish comedy-drama movie. It was directed by Nacho G. Velilla, and starred by Yon González, Julián López and Blanca Suárez.

Plot 
Hugo and Braulio are two young students with their respective degrees, but they're unable to find any job or future due to economic crisis in Spain.

After seeing a TV-program about how a Spanish citizen is living in Germany they decide to move to Berlin. However, the things did not turn out as they had believed.

Cast 
 Yon González as Hugo
 Julián López as Braulio
 Blanca Suárez as Carla
 Úrsula Corberó as Nadia
 Javier Cámara as Próspero
 José Sacristán as Andrés
 Miki Esparbé as Rafa
 Carmen Machi as Benigna
 Malena Alterio as Marisol
 Alberto Chicote as Priest
 Arturo Valls as Spanish immigrant in Berlin interviewee on TV
 Arantxa Aranguren as Juana

References

Other websites
 
 Official website 

2015 comedy-drama movies
Spanish movies
Spanish-language movies
William Joseph Devane (born September 5, 1937) is an American movie,  television and theater actor. He is best known for his roles as Greg Sumner on the primetime soap opera Knots Landing (1983–1993) and as John F. Kennedy in The Missiles of October (1974).

Other websites

1937 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York
People from Albany, New York
Country rock is a subgenre of country music. It was formed by the wave of rock musicians who began to record country-flavored records in the late 1960s and early 1970s. These musicians recorded rock records using country themes. They used vocal styles and additional instrumentation, in particular pedal steel guitar. Country rock began with Bob Dylan. It reached its greatest popularity in the 1970s with artists like Emmylou Harris, the Eagles and the Doobie Brothers. Country rock also influenced artists in other genres. This included The Band, Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Rolling Stones, and George Harrison's solo work. It also played a part in the development of Southern rock.

References 

Rock music
Pierre Aubert (3 March 1927 – 8 June 2016) was a Swiss politician, lawyer and former member of the Swiss Federal Council (1978–1987). He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 7 December 1977 as member of the Social Democratic Party from the canton of Neuchâtel. He handed over office on 31 December 1987. He was born in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Canton of Neuchâtel.

Aubert died on 8 June 2016 in Neuchâtel, Switzerland at the age of 89.

Other websites

1927 births
2016 deaths
Presidents of the Swiss Confederation
Canton of Neuchâtel
The Archivist of the United States is the chief official in charge of the National Archives and Records Administration. The first Archivist, R.D.W. Connor, began serving in 1934, when the National Archives was established as an independent federal agency by Congress.

Duties
The Archivist is appointed by the President and is responsible for safeguarding and making available for study all the permanently valuable records of the federal government, including the original Declaration of Independence, Constitution and Bill of Rights, which are displayed in the Archives' main building in Washington, D.C.

Archivists of the United States
The following is a list of Archivists of the United States

*Served first as Acting Archivist of the United States from Nov. 7, 1965, until his appointment as Archivist of the United States on January 16, 1966.

**Served first as Acting Archivist of the United States from March 10, 1968, until his appointment as Archivist of the United States on May 2, 1968.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 AOTUS Blog - from the "Collector in Chief"
 Archivists of the United States, 1934 – present
William Brantley Aycock (October 24, 1915 – June 20, 2015) was an American educator. He served as chancellor of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1957 until 1964 and is the retired Kenan Professor of Law at the UNC School of Law. He was born in Lucama, North Carolina in 1915.

References

1915 births
2015 deaths
Educators from North Carolina
Esther Cornelia Brand (née van Heerden; 29 September 1922 – 20 June 2015) was a South African athlete. She was born in Springbok, Northern Cape. She competed in the high jump and won the gold medal for South Africa at the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland. 

Brand died after a fall at the age of 92.

References

1922 births
2015 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists
South African sportspeople
Chile women's national football team () represents Chile on the women's side in association football. It is controlled by ANFP and its member of CONMEBOL. Additionally, the team has qualified for FIFA Women's World Cup in 2019.

Tournament records

FIFA Women's World Cup

Related pages 
 Chile national football team

References 

Women's national football teams
Football in Chile
The Division of Northern Territory was an Australian Electoral Division in the Northern Territory from 1922 until 2001. During this time it was the only Division in the Territory.

The Division was set up in 1922, as a part of the Northern Territory Representation Act 1922. The Member for Northern Territory did not have full voting rights until 1968, and did not count for the purpose of forming government. Before 1936, the Member could speak in the House and take part in committee work, but could not vote. Between 1936 and 1959 the Member had limited voting on Territory laws. Between 1959 and 1968, the Member could only vote on laws that affected the Territory.

In December 2000, the Division was split into two new divisions, the Division of Solomon, which covered the area immediately around Darwin, and the Division of Lingiari, which covered the rest of the territory.

On 19 February 2003, the new Divisions were removed and a single Division was brought back. On 28 April 2004 the Commonwealth Electoral Amendment (Representation in the House of Representatives) Act 2004 had the effect of leaving the Northern Territory divided into two Divisions.

Members

References
 

Northern Territory
Northern Territory
1922 establishments in Australia
2001 disestablishments