cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Tongva (TONG-vuh) are the indigenous people of the place now known as Southern California. Their original land includes Los Angeles County, Orange County, and the Channel Islands. The Tongva are also known as the Gabrieleño and Fernandeño people based on the missions of San Gabriel and San Fernando built on their land in the 1700s by the Spanish. Tongva means “people of the earth.”

Name 
The word Tongva comes from the word Toviscangna, which is a Tongva village located near Mission San Gabriel. However, the Tongva call themselves Kizh (keech).

History 
The Tongva were forced onto Spanish missionaries to learn about Christianity and the European lifestyle. The Tongva lived in shelters called kiches. The kiche was dome-shaped. The frame was made of willow branches and was covered with mats made with reeds, grasses, or animal hides. The Tongva lived in villages with as many as 400–500 kiches. A chief lived in the largest kiche and had almost total authority over the village. The position was passed down through the chief’s family.

Culture 
The Tongva hunted, fished, and gathered food. They liked to eat acorns. They would mash the acorns and then process it so that it would taste better. They also hunted deer and small animals such as birds, rabbits, and rodents.

Language 
The Tongva once spoke the Tongva language but most of them now speak English and Spanish. However, they are trying to use the Tongva language more. One way they are doing this is by having Tongva classes.

The Tongva language was the source of many place names in the Los Angeles region. Some of these places are: Topanga, Tujunga, Cucamonga, etc.

References 

Ethnic groups in the United States
Native American
Orange County, California
The Middle is an American sitcom that was first broadcast on September 30, 2009, on the ABC network, and ended on May 22, 2018.

ABC network shows
2000s American sitcoms
2010s American sitcoms
English-language television programs
Marin Elizabeth Hinkle (born March 23, 1966) is an Tanzanian-American actress. She is best known for playing Judith Harper-Melnick on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men.

Other websites 
 

1966 births
American movie actors
American television actors
Tanzanian people
Living people
The Kumeyaay are a group of people native to the United States and Mexico. They live in the places now known as California (specifically San Diego and the surrounding regions) and Baja California.

There are two groups of Kumeyaay, the Ipai and the Tipai. Ipai land is in what is now the United States while Tipai land is mostly in what is now Mexico.

Name 
The word Kumeyaay is pronouned KOOM-yai. The KOOM part rhymes with loom and the yai part rhymes with pie. Some people pronounce Kumeyaay in three syllables and add an extra "uh" between KOOM and yai.

The Kumeyaay were also called Diegueño, which is a Spanish word that comes from Mission San Diego. However, this is not the name they call themselves.

The two different groups of Kumeyaay are called Ipai (EE-pie) and Tipai (TEE-pie). They both mean "human" in the Ipai and Tipai languages.

Language 
The Kumeyaay speak three languages. They are Tipai, Ipai, and Kumeyaay. Now, most of them speak English and Spanish.

History 
In the 1760s, the Spanish came onto Kumeyaay land. They wanted to teach the Kumeyaay about the Christian religion and the European lifestyle. To do that, they built the Mission San Diego, which was a church, a school, and a village.all in one. However, the Kumeyaay did not like being told what to do. In 1775, the Kumeyaay fought the Spanish at Mission San Diego. They set some buildings on fire and killed a priest.

When the Kumeyaay land became part of Mexico, there was no one to send money to the missions to keep them running so the Kumeyaay left.

When part of Kumeyaay land became part of the United States, the Kumeyaay were sent to live on certain pieces of land called reservations. Many of these reservations now have casinos so that the Kumeyaay people can make money.

Religion 
Most Kumeyaay are now Catholic. Many parts of their old religion were forgotten when they became Catholic. However, they still remember some parts.

In the traditional Kumeyaay religion, a dead person's soul must cross a deep gorge in order to get to heaven.

California
History of San Diego, California
Native American
United States
Charles Entertainment "Chuck E." Cheese is the anthropomorphic rat mascot of the Chuck E. Cheese chain of family entertainment centers. In 2012, the rat mascot was rebranded into a mouse.

Pizza Time Theatre era
The character was first created as the mascot for a restaurant made by Nolan Bushnell (founder of Atari) in 1977. Bushnell went to the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions (IAAPA) conference in Orlando and saw walk-around character costumes being sold. In them, Bushnell found one that looked like a coyote, so he bought it for his planned Coyote Pizza restaurant. When the costume arrived at Atari, the costume was actually a rat, with a long pink rat tail.  Bushnell decided to change the restaurant's name to Rick Rat's Pizza. However, Bushnell's planning group thought that a rat for the name of a restaurant would not be appropriate. Finally, Bushnell's group decided on the name Chuck E. Cheese for the mascot and changed the restaurant's name to Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre. The first Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre opened in San Jose, California, in the same year Chuck E. Cheese was made, 1977.

Chuck E. Cheese's era: 1995-present 
In 1995, the mascot was given a more child-friendly makeover, with wider cheeks, a less pointy, shorter snout, longer eyes and smaller ears. This one was added to the restaurants in 2001.

In July 2012, the mascot was changed into a much smaller kind of the character, who played electric guitar. Voice actor Duncan Brannan, who for 19 years had made Chuck E. Cheese a wise-cracking mouse from New Jersey, was replaced with Jaret Reddick, the frontman and guitarist for the pop punk band Bowling for Soup.

References 

Mascots
Fictional mice and rats
Lucien Georges Mazan (18 October 1882 – 20 December 1917) is a French cyclist who is well-known for winning Tour de France two times in 1907 and 1908.

1882 births
1917 deaths
French cyclists
Tour de France winners
Giro d'Italia winners
Road accident deaths
Accidental deaths in France
People from Pays de la Loire
Edward Norton Lorenz (May 23, 1917 – April 16, 2008) was an American mathematician and meteorologist. He was one of the first to work in the field of Chaos theory. He was the first to use the term Butterfly effect for dynamic systems that are very sensitive to starting conditions. In the 1960s, he used a simple model for weather prediction, which he simialated on a computer.  With this setup, he discovered that only a slight change of the values he used for the model could lead to totally different results. This is known as Butterfly effect.  In numerical weather predicion, values are often rounded, so that in each step, a small error is added.

He also discovered and developed the mathematical foundations. For his simulations he used a system of equations, which is now named after him.

1917 births
2008 deaths
American mathematicians
American meteorologists
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Scientists from Connecticut
People from West Hartford, Connecticut
Harvard University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Love Thy Neighbour is a British TV comedy series that first aired on UK TV between April, 1972 - January, 1976. It centres on a white working class couple (Eddie and Joan Booth) and their black, Conservative-voting neighbours (Bill and Barbie Reynolds). The programme spans eight series and 53 episodes, including a pilot episode. 

The ongoing racial conflict between the husbands of the two couples is the main underlying theme of the programme, with the white husband perceived as more bigoted and ignorant. Their wives are seen as more tolerant. A spin-off film with the same name was made in 1973 and later a sequel series was set in Australia, featuring only the Eddie Booth character. The series was produced by Thames TV for the ITV network.

Story 
Eddie Booth (Jack Smethhurst) is a working-class white socialist. His world changes when Bill and Barbie Reynolds move in next door. He is a bigoted person and his racial slurs are aimed mainly at Bill. He often describes Bill as a "nig nog", "Sambo" and '"King Kong".  He also has a tendency to call Chinese, Pakistanis or Indians names like "Fu Manchu", "Gunga Din" and "Ali Baba". He often asserts that all blacks (and Bill in particular) are cannibals and claims that "the white man always takes precedence over the black man".

Joan Booth (Kate Williams) is Eddie's wife. She is more tolerant towards her neighbours. In fact, she gets very on well with Barbie, Bill's wife, and they are often seen together discussing the animosities between their husbands.

Bill Reynolds (Rudolph Walker) is a supporter of West Ham United. Whenever Eddie tries to outdo him, Bill usually ends up having the last laugh and rarely gets his comeuppance. He tends to have a very short temper, especially where Eddie's concerned and has threatened him with a clenched fist several times. Although more sophisticated and educated compared to Eddie, Bill is also stubborn and is more than capable of using insulting phrases as he occasionally refers to Eddie as a "white honky" and "snowflake", and does not like catching Eddie staring at his wife. He also has a very high-pitched laugh. Bill was promoted to foreman at the end of the episode "Clarky Leaves". His catchphrases include "Hey, honky!", "Cobblers!" and "You talking to me, snowflake?".

Barbie Reynolds (Nina Baden-Semper) is Bill's wife. Barbie and her next-door neighbour, Joan Booth, instantly strike up a friendship that carries on throughout the series, and the two women are often seen drinking tea or eating or getting caught up in their antagonistic husbands' latest row. Eddie is sometimes fascinated by her, as in the pilot episode when she bends over while wearing hot pants. She and Joan both become pregnant at the end of Series 3, with Barbie giving birth to a son, Terry. Unlike other characters, she does not have any catchphrases.

Other main cast members are Jacko Robinson (Keith Marsh)  and Arthur Thomas (Tommy Godfrey) who are often  seen with Eddie and Bill in their local bar. Jacko's catchphrase "I'll 'ave half", meaning a half of bitter, became a popular catchphrase.

References 

British television series
Diamonds Are Forever is a 1971 British spy movie directed by Guy Hamilton and is the 7th movie in the James Bond franchise. It is based on the 1956 novel of the same name by Ian Fleming and starring Sean Connery, Jill St. John, Charles Gray, Lana Wood, Jimmy Dean, Bruce Cabot. It was distributed by United Artists. Shirley Bassey sings the title song of the movie.

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 

1971 movies
1970s spy movies
James Bond movies
Movies directed by Guy Hamilton
The World Is Not Enough is a 1999 British spy action movie directed by Michael Apted and is the 19th movie in the James Bond franchise. It stars Pierce Brosnan, Sophie Marceau, Robert Carlyle, Denise Richards, Robbie Coltrane, Judi Dench and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 

1999 action movies
1990s spy movies
James Bond movies
Movies set in Russia
Movies set in Spain
Movies set in Turkey
MGM movies
Movies directed by Michael Apted
The Source 2 is a video game engine created by the company Valve Corporation. It is the second version of the Source engine. Source 2 was first used in a game called Dota 2. It was later used in games Artifact, Dota Underlords, and Half-Life: Alyx.

Games

References 

Video game technology
Basic Instinct 2 (also known as Basic Instinct 2: Risk Addiction) is a 2006 German Spanish British American erotic thriller movie directed by Michael Caton-Jones and starring Sharon Stone, David Morrissey, Charlotte Rampling, David Thewlis. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Other websites 
 
 

2006 movies
2000s erotic movies
2006 thriller movies
English-language movies
American erotic movies
American thriller movies
American sequel movies
British thriller movies
German thriller movies
Spanish thriller movies
MGM movies
Movies directed by Michael Caton-Jones
Movies set in London
Morgan County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 21,218 people lived there. The county seat is Madison.

1807 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Murray County is a county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 39,628 people lived there. The county seat is Chatsworth.

1832 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Toombs County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 26,067 people lived there. The county seat is Lyons.

1905 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Wheeler County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 7,421 people lived there. The county seat is Alamo.

1910s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1912 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Telfair County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 16,500 people lived there. The county seat is McRae–Helena.

1807 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Newton County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 99,958 people lived there. The county seat is Covington.

1821 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Oconee County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 32,808 people lived there. The county seat is Watkinsville.

1870s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1875 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Pierce County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 18,758 people lived there. The county seat is Blackshear.

History 
Pierce County is named after Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States (1853–1857). It was created on December 18, 1857 from parts of Appling and Ware counties.

Geography 
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that  is land and  (7.8%) is water.

Major highways 
  U.S. Highway 84
  State Route 15
  State Route 32
  State Route 38
  State Route 121
  State Route 203

Bordering counties 
 Appling County - north
 Wayne County - northeast
 Brantley County - southeast
 Ware County - west
 Bacon County - northwest

Demographics

2010 census 
The 2010 United States Census says that there were 18,758 people, 7,083 households, and 5,268 families living in the county.

Communities

Cities 
 Blackshear
 Offerman
 Patterson
 Waycross

Unincorporated communities 

 Blue Lake
 Bristol
 Hacklebarney
 Jot Em Down Store
 Mershon
 Otter Creek
 Sandy Bottom
 Walkerville
 Zirkle's Landing

References

Other websites 
 Pierce County government official website

1857 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Rabun County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 16,276 people lived there. The county seat is Clayton.

References 

1810s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1819 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Rockdale County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 85,215 people lived there. The county seat is Conyers.

1870 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Tift County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 40,118 people lived there. The county seat is Tifton.

1905 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Talbot County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 6,865 people lived there. The county seat is Talbotton.

1827 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Tattnall County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 25,520 people lived there. The county seat is Reidsville.

1800s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1801 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Taylor County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 8,906 people lived there. The county seat is Butler.

References 

1850s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1852 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Los Angeles City College (LACC) is a public community college in East Hollywood, Los Angeles. It was founded in 1929.

Other websites 
 Official website

1920s establishments in California
1929 establishments in the United States
Colleges and universities in Los Angeles
Turner County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 8,930 people lived there. The county seat is Ashburn.

1905 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Twiggs County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 9,023 people lived there. The county seat is Jeffersonville.

1800s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1809 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Upson County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 27,153 people lived there. The county seat is Thomaston.

1820s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1824 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Walker County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 68,756 people lived there. The county seat is LaFayette.

1830s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1833 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Zeynep Gedizlioğlu (born 4 December 1977 Izmir ) is a Turkish contemporary music composer. She won the 2012 Ernst von Siemens Music Prize. She won a 2019 Berlin Art Prize.

She was born in Izmir in 1977. She studied at Mimar Sinan University Istanbul State Conservatory, and Hochschule für Musik with Wolfgang Rihm.  She studied with Wolfgang Rihm, Ivan Fedele and Theo Brandmüller, and electronic music with Daniel Teruggi and François Donato.

Discography 

 Kesik - Portrait CD Zeynep Gedizlioglu, col legno (2012)
 'Stop' for the Orchestra-'Begegnung mit Beethoven' - Beethovenfest and Deutsche Welle (2013).

References 

1977 births
Living people
Composers
Turkish people
Ware County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 36,312 people lived there. The county seat is Waycross.

Ware county is named for Nicholas Ware, a slave owner who became the United States Senator for Georgia in the early 19th century.

References

1820s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1824 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Warren County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 5,834 people lived there. The county seat is Warrenton.

References 

1793 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Nadine Reichert (born 24 October 1984) is a German open water swimmer.

She swam at the 2010 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships, winning a bronze medal, 2010 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships, 2011 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships, winning a bronze medal, 2011 FINA Open Water 10km World Cup, and 2011 Summer Universiade.

References

Other websites 
 nadine-reichert , longswims.com
official website

1984 births
Living people
German sportspeople
German swimmers
Ingrid Stenmarck (5 February 1917 – 30 December 2011) was a Swedish swimmer. She was the Swedish national champion in the 100 metres freestyle from 1933 to 1937.

Refences 

1917 births
2011 deaths
Swedish sportspeople
Swimmers
Rosetta Gagliardi (born 9 February 1895 Milan – 31 July 1975)  was an Italian tennis player. She played at the 1920 Summer Olympics and 1924 Summer Olympics.

She was a roller skating champion. She was the 1919 Italian singles tennis champion. She competed in the mixed doubles with Cesare Colombo in 1920, and women's doubles with Giulia Perelli, in 1924.

References 

1895 births
1975 deaths
Italian sportspeople
Tennis players
Sportspeople from Milan
The revealed frog, orange-thighed tree frog or whirring tree frog (Litoria revelata) is a frog from Australia.  It is related to the brown tree frog. It lives in three different places in Queensland and New South Wales, but scientists think the frogs living in different places might be different species.

The male frog is 2.6 to 2.8 cm long.  The female is 3.0 to 3.6 cm long.

This frog can live in swamps near the coast up to rainforests in the mountains. Scientists say people can tell whether a frog is a revealed frog by looking at it because it has much larger discs at the ends of its toes than other frogs do and because it sometimes has black spots on its middle.  People can tell it apart from other frogs by listening to it because its voice is around 4 Hz.  It has long legs and a stripe from its nose to each armpit.  It is cream-brown or red-brown in colour.  It may have orange on its legs.

Scientists knew this frog existed in at least the 1960s, but it was first formally described, meaning scientists wrote the first formal paper about it, in 1982.

It lays its eggs in still water.

This frog is not endangered but people do damage its habitat by removing trees and bringing cows there to eat the grass.

References

Animals of Australia
Frogs
Alan Wilson Watts (6 January 1915 – 16 November 1973) was an British philosopher of religion. He spent most of his life in the United States. He became well-known for explaining the philosophy of Zen to a Western audience.

1915 births
1973 deaths
British philosophers
Buddhists
Writers from London
People from the London Borough of Bromley
The M1 carbine is a short, lightweight semi-automatic rifle, or a carbine, used in the United States military from World War II until late in the Vietnam War. It was made to arm soldiers with less of a combat role and more of a support role, such as medics and radiomen. The kind of weapon the military wanted was a gun that would be more powerful and accurate than the M1911, but shorter and lighter than the M1 Garand. The M1 Garand was too long and heavy for support troops to carry, especially since combat was not their main job.

Even though the M1 carbine looks similar to the M1 Garand, the two guns are actually very different. First, the M1 carbines bullets, the .30 Carbine, are much smaller and lighter than the Garand's .30-06 bullets. Second, the gun itself is much lighter, smaller, and shorter range than the Garand. The M1 carbine weighs less than half of the Garand. Third, the M1 carbine is loaded with box magazines that holds 15 bullets, while the M1 Garand is loaded with clips that hold 8 bullets.

Even though it is not used by the military anymore, it is still popular with civilians.

The M2 carbine is a selective fire version of the M1, which means it can switch between semi-automatic and full automatic fire.

References

Rifles
Georgios Souris (2 February 1853 Ermoupolis -  26 August 1919 Piraeus) was a Greek satirical poet, and journalist. He was nominated for a Nobel Prize in Literature.

He studied at University of Athens. From 1883 to 1918, he published the weekly newspaper, Rome. Queen Olga prosecuted him, for his writing. He was a member of the Parnassos Literary Society.

In 2011, one of his songs was used during the Greek government-debt crisis. In 2019, there was a play about him, "A Roman named George Souris". In 2020, there was a "George Souris" Carnival.

References 

1853 births
1919 deaths
Poets
Journalists
Greek people
The Out-of-Towners is a 1999 American comedy movie directed by Sam Weisman and is a remake of the 1970 movie of the same name written by Neil Simon. It stars Steve Martin, Goldie Hawn and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

Other websites 
 
 
 

1999 comedy movies
1990s American comedy movies
Paramount movies
Unlawful Entry is a 1992 American psychological thriller movie directed by Jonathan Kaplan and starring Kurt Russell, Madeleine Stowe, Ray Liotta. It was distributed by	20th Century Fox.

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 

1992 thriller movies
1990s psychological movies
American psychological movies
American thriller movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Jonathan Kaplan
William Louis Hudson Jr. (born October 17, 1949) is an American musician and actor. He was a vocalist in The Hudson Brothers, formed in 1965 with brothers, Brett and Mark.

Singers from Oregon
1949 births
Living people
Actors from Oregon
Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 21,187 people lived there. The county seat is Sandersville.

18th-century establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1784 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Wayne County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 30,099 people lived there. The county seat is Jesup.

References 

1803 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
White County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 27,144 people lived there. The county seat is Cleveland.

1857 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Wilkes County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 10,593 people lived there. The county seat is Washington.

References 

1777 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Wilkinson County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 9,563 people lived there. The county seat is Irwinton. The county was created on May 11, 1803 and named for General James Wilkinson (1757–1825).

References 

1803 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Logan County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 36,743 people lived there. Its county seat is Logan.

West Virginia counties
Pocahontas County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 8,719 people lived there. Its county seat is Marlinton.

West Virginia counties
Braxton County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 14,523 people lived there. The county seat is Sutton.

West Virginia counties
The Iriomote cat (Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis) is a wildcat that lives only on Iriomote Island in Japan.  It is a subspecies of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis). In Japanese, people call it yamaneko, or "mountain cat."

This cat is a little larger than a domestic cat, with rounder ears and spots where a tabby cat would have stripes.

These cats live in forests and on hills with streams.  They have been seen on beaches.  They can climb trees and swim. There are almost no small mammals on Iriomote Island, so the cats cannot eat mice or other rodents the way wildcats in other places do.  They eat many different kinds of things, for example insects, lizards, fish, and shrimp.

The females give birth to 1-4 kittens at a time in dens in trees or in crevices in rocks.  People have seen kittens as young as three months living on their own.  Scientists think it takes 10-12 months for them to become adults.

Ecologist Masako Izawa of the University of the Ryukyus in Okinawa said she thinks there are fewer than 1000 Iromote cats in the wild.  There may be only 100. This cat is endangered because of habitat loss, meaning that human beings build things in the places where they live.  Some cats are hit by cars when they come to the road to eat dead frogs, dead lizards, and other animals that have been killed by cars.  They are also endangered because domestic cats mate with them.  Veterinarians have taught people on Iriomote Island to spay and neuter their pet cats to prevent this, the local government has tried to stop people from driving too fast and the government of Japan has made part of Iriomote Island a wildlife protection area.

For a time in the 1970s, the people who lived on Iriomote Island said the government of Japan thought the cats were more important than they were.  One German scientist had asked the government of Japan to make all the human beings leave the island to protect the cat.  Other scientists showed, however, that the cat can live next to humans and is not afraid to look for food near farms and rice paddies.  In 2019, many Iriomote islanders said they were proud of their rare wildcat, though they worried that too many tourists would come to their island and damage it.

References

Animals of Japan
Cats
Claude Mercier-Ythier (1931 – 3 July 2020) was a French harpsichord maker. He was born in Cannes.

In 1962, Mercier-Ythier opened his first workshop in Paris, working in the production of harpsichords. He was the first Frenchman since the reign of Louis XVI to work only in harpsichord production. Mercier-Ythier diversified his business, catering his harpsichords to businesses, theatres, and concert halls.

His instruments have also appeared in over 50 movies, including L'Allée du Roi and Brotherhood of the Wolf. After a 45-year career, Mercier-Ythier's harpsichords had appeared in over 9000 concerts and 700 recordings.

In 1990, he published a book about the history of harpsichard making, Le Clacecin.

Marcier-Ythier died on 3 July 2020.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
French musicians
French businesspeople
Princess Hermine de Clermont-Tonnerre (3 February 1966 – 3 July 2020) was a French socialite, writer and actor. She was a member of the House of Clermont-Tonnerre. She was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France. De Clermont-Tonnerre was a contestant on two reality TV shows: La Ferme Célébrités (2010) and Fear Factor (2004). She was a juror for Miss France in 2003. She was known for her role in Riches, belles, etc..

On 2 June 2020, de Clermont-Tonnerre was involved in a motorcycle crash and was placed into a coma. She died of her injuries on 3 July 2020 at Bicêtre Hospital at the age of 54.

References

1966 births
2020 deaths
Road accident deaths
French princesses
French writers
French movie actors
French television actors
French television personalities
Fariborz Arabnia (; born 28 April 1964 Tehran) is an Iranian actor, philanthropist and director.

References

1964 births
Living people
People from Tehran
Iranian actors
Iranian movie directors
Asian philanthropists
Maria Martha Hacker Rocha (19 September 1936 – 4 July 2020) was a Brazilian model. She was the first winner of Miss Brasil in 1954, and the runner-up to Miss Universe. Rocha was born in Salvador, Bahia. 

Rocha was a breast cancer survivor. She died on 4 July 2020 from a heart attack caused by respiratory failure in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, aged 83.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from respiratory failure
Breast cancer survivors
Brazilian models
Akbar Abdi (, born 26 August 1960 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian actor and comedian.

References

Other websites
 

Iranian actors
Living people
People from Tehran
1960 births
Dan Ahdoot (; ) is a writer, actor, and comedian. He is known for his TV appearances on Disney's Kickin' It, Showtime's Shameless, and the Seeso series Bajillion Dollar Propertie$.  He has also developed TV shows for CBS, FOX, Hulu, Freeform, and Pop.

References

Other websites 
 
 

American stand-up comedians
Iranian Jews
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Living people
People from Great Neck, New York
Iranian stand-up comedians
People from Tehran
Jewish American comedians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Comedians from New York
Vigdís Ásgeirsdóttir (born 14 August 1977) is an Icelandic badminton player. She was the women's doubles winner in the 1995, 1996, 1999, and 2001 Iceland Internationals.

She played at the 1995 IBF World Championships in the mixed doubles event with Guðmundur Adolfsson. She played in the 2015 BWF World Senior Championships with Elsa Nielsen.

References

Other websites
 

1977 births
Living people
Icelandic people
Badminton players
A complete list of  films produced in the country of Azerbaijan ordered by year of release and decade on separate pages:

1892-1919
List of Azerbaijani films before 1920

1920s
List of Azerbaijani films of the 1920s

1930s
List of Azerbaijani films of the 1930s

1940s
List of Azerbaijani films of the 1940s

1950s
List of Azerbaijani films of the 1950s

1960s
List of Azerbaijani films of the 1960s

1970s
List of Azerbaijani films of the 1970s

1980s
List of Azerbaijani films of the 1980s

1990s
List of Azerbaijani films of the 1990s

2000s
List of Azerbaijani films of the 2000s

2010s
List of Azerbaijani films of the 2010s

Other websites
 Azerbaijani film  at the Internet Movie Database
 Azerbaycan Kinosu

 
Azerbaijan-related lists
Bhakti Charu Swami (17 September 1945 – 4 July 2020) was an Indian spiritual leader. He was a member of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). He was a disciple of ISKCON's founder A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Swami was born in the Bengal Presidency.

Swami died on 4 July 2020 from COVID-19 in Florida, aged 74.

References

1945 births
2020 deaths
Indian educators
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Yulee is a Census county division (CCD) in Nassau County, Florida, United States. The population is currently 28,798 as of April 2018. Yulee is part of the Jacksonville metropolitan area, which was home to 1,504,980 people in 2017.

References

Census-designated places in Florida
Nassau County, Florida
Ayatullah Durrani (1 January 1956 – 5 July 2020) was a Pakistani Politician. He was a Member of National Assembly of Pakistan from 2008 to 2013 and Minister of State for Industries and Production from 2008 to 2011. Durrani was a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party. He was born in the Mastung District, Pakistan.

Durrani died on 5 July 2020 in Quetta from COVID-19, aged 64.

References

1956 births
2020 deaths
Pakistani politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan
{{Infobox writer
| name = Bettina Gilois
| image = Bettina Gilois Image Awards 2016.jpg
| image_size = 
| caption = Gilois at the 47th NAACP Image Awards in 2016
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = West-Berlin, Germany
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| resting_place = 
| occupation = Screenwriter, author
| language = 
| nationality = German-American
| residence = 
| citizenship = 
| education = 
| alma_mater = Barnard College (1985)
| period = 
| genre = 
| subject = 
| movement = 
| notableworks = Bessie (2015) McFarland, USA (2015)Glory Road (2006)| spouse = 
| partner = 
| awards = Critics Choice Award, Emmy nomination
| signature = 
| signature_alt = 
| portaldisp = 
}}Bettina Gilois (July 9, 1961July 5, 2020) was a German-American screenwriter and author. She was known for her work on the HBO movie Bessie, and Disney's Glory Road and McFarland, USA. 

Gilois won an Emmy Nomination for Outstanding Writing of a Television Movie and a Black Reel Awards of 2016 nomination for Bessie''. She was born in Berlin.

Gilois was an associate professor in the Lawrence and Kristina Dodge College of Film and Media Arts at Chapman University.

Gilois died on July 5, 2020 from cancer in California, aged 58.

References

1961 births
2020 deaths
Cancer deaths in California
Naturalized citizens of the United States
German screenwriters
Screenwriters from California
Writers from Berlin
The Florida Legislature is the legislature of the U.S. State of Florida. It is organized as a bicameral body made of an upper chamber, the Senate, and a lower chamber, the House of Representatives. 

The legislature is made of 160 state legislators (120 in the House and 40 in the Senate). It meets in the Florida State Capitol building in Tallahassee.

References

State legislatures of the United States
Government of Florida
Southwest Ranches is a town in Broward County, Florida, United States. The population at the 2010 census was 7,345.

References

Towns in Florida
Volodymyr Mykolayovych Troshkin (, ; 28 September 1947 – 5 July 2020) was a Soviet footballer and a Ukrainian coach. He was seen by many to be the best right back in 1970s in Ukraine (Ukrainian SSR). He was born in Yenakiieve, then-Soviet Union. From 1972 to 1977, he played for the Soviet Union national football team.

Troshkin died on 5 July 2020 at the age of 72.

References

1947 births
2020 deaths
Ukrainian footballers
Soviet sportspeople
Ukrainian football managers
Dominic Edward Cooper (born 2 June 1978) is an English actor. He is known for his roles in Mamma Mia! and its sequel Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again. 

He played Jesse Custer on the AMC show Preacher (2016–2019). He has also appeared as the young Howard Stark in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, including in Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), a cameo in Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), and the TV series Agent Carter (2015–16).

References

1978 births
Living people
Actors from London
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Jan Gerrit Henry Krajenbrink (16 July 1941 – 29 June 2020) was a Dutch politician. He was a member of the Anti-Revolutionary Party and Christian Democratic Appeal. From 1981 to 1994, he was a member of the House of Representatives. From 1994 to 2002, Krajenbrink was Mayor of Woudenberg. He was born in Oostwold, Netherlands.

Krajenbrink died on 29 June 2020 at the age of 78.

References

1941 births
2020 deaths
Christian Democratic Appeal politicians
Dutch Calvinists
Dutch mayors
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Politicians from Groningen (province)
Chehalis ( ) is a city in Lewis County, Washington, United States. The population was 7,259 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Lewis County.

References

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
County seats in Washington
The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, often called the Appalachian Trail or the A.T., is a hiking trail in the eastern United States.  The trail goes between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine. The trail is about  long. The exact length changes over time as parts are changed. The Appalachian Trail Conservancy says  the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world. More than 2 million people hike on part of the trail at least once each year.

The idea of the Appalachian Trail started in 1921. The trail was completed in 1937 after more than ten years of work. Changes to the trail still happen every year. Thirty-one trail clubs and many partners help keep it usable.  The National Park Service, United States Forest Service, and the nonprofit Appalachian Trail Conservancy manage it. Most of the trail is in forest or wild lands. Some parts go through towns, roads and farms. It passes through 14 states: Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.

Thru-hikers attempt to hike the whole trail in one season. The number of thru-hikes per year has increased steadily. In 2017, 715 northbound and 133 southbound thru-hikes were reported. Many books, documentaries, websites, and fan organizations are dedicated to the hike. Some people hike from one end to the other, then turn around and thru-hike the trail the other way.  This is known as a "yo-yo".

Notes

References

Other websites 

Official sites
 Official site of the Appalachian Trail Conservancy
 National Park Service Trail information, with maps'''

Geography of the United States
Trails
Appalachian Mountains
Roth's tree frog or northern laughing tree frog (Litoria rothii) is a frog from Australia. It lives in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.

This frog can be 5.0 cm long.  Each frog can change colour from very light brown during the day to dark at night.  It can have black and yellow colouring on its legs and middle.  It has discs on the end of each front toe.

This frog can live in many kinds of places.  People have seen it in swamps and forests, but it mostly lives near rivers.  People have seen it in fruit farms.  Sometimes, people accidentally move this frog from place to place while it is hiding in the fruit.

This frog lays eggs in temporary bodies of water and places that are temporarily flooded.  The tadpoles become frogs after 65 days.  The tadpoles are yellow in colour and can grow to 6.0 cm.

References

Animals of Australia
Frogs
Ümgülsüm Sadıqzadə (1899 in Novxanı, Baku province – 1944 in Russia) was an Azerbaijani poet.

She wrote during 1918–20. She welcomed the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.

She was married to Seyid Hussein, a cousin of Mammad Amin Rasulzadeh and a well-known writer. They were victims of repression.

References 

1899 births
1944 deaths
Azerbaijani poets
Azerbaijani writers
Colom Teresa i Pich (born 12 December 1973 in La Seu d'Urgell) is an Andorran poet and writer. She won the 2000 Miquel Martí i Pol prize.

She graduated from Pompeu Fabra University.

Works 
 Com mesos de juny, Edicions del Diari d'Andorra, 2001 
 La temperatura d'uns llavis, Edicions del Diari d'Andorra, 2002 
 Elegies del final conegut, Abadia Editors, 2005 
 On tot és vidre, Pagès Editors, 2009 
 La meva mare es preguntava per la mort, Pagès Editors, 2012 
 La senyoreta Keaton i altres besties Empúries La Huerta Grande, 2015
Consciència, Empúries, 2019

References

Other websites 
 Teresa Colom, novel·lista: “Transferiries la teva consciència a un ordinador, si fos possible?”, Bondia, 13/11/2019

1973 births
Andorran people
Poets
Novelists
The COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). 

The first case of the disease in Fiji was reported on 19 March 2020. , the country has had a total of 19 cases from the islands of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu as of which 18 have recovered.

On 6 July, Fiji confirmed its nineteenth COVID-19 case. A 66-year-old Fijian citizen who had returned from India. He was transferred at Nadi hospital to be quarantined.

References

Fiji
Fiji
Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (CEYPETCO) is the national oil and gas company of Sri Lanka. It  was set up as a state enterprise by Act. No. 28 of 1961 in parliament and further amendments carried out subsequently. It is Sri Lanka largest petroleum suppler and largest company.

History 

 1962 The Corporation commenced business in competition with other Oil Companies who operating in the country at that time.
 1964 The Ceylon Petroleum Corporation took over the entire business of import, sale and distribution of petroleum products with the country. The Kolonnawa Oil Installation, regional bulk depots and retail outlets with operated under three different oil companies prior to nationalisation was subject to several transformations and improvements of their facilities to perform its operations as one entity. Since then, new bulk depots/ retail outlets were constructed and storage capacity of Kolonnawa Installation & regional depots were increased. A Fire & Safety Division was set up with the introduction of a new fire hydrant systems and the internal road network was improved to facilitate operational and maintenance activities. The gantry filling facility was improved to suit replenishment of large capacity bowers introduced in mid 90's.
 1968 To ensure regular supplies and conserve foreign exchange, the Corporation build a 38,000 BPD Refinery at a cost Rs. 175 million.
 1969 The refinery commenced production. The refining capacity was subsequently increased to 50,000 BPD by increasing the crude distiller capacity in 1979. Another important project that was completed in same year was the installation of Lubrication Oil Blending Plant at the Kolonnawa Installation. The Corporation entered in to the Agrochemical business in competition with the private sector, with a view to market agrochemical at competitive prices.
 1971 The Bunkering operation at the Ports and Aviation Re-fuelling activities were integrated in to the Corporation by further amendments to the CPC Act.
 1978 The Corporation build a factory to manufacture Nylon 6 yarn to textile, tires & finishing industries at a cost of Rs. 603 million.
 1987 In order to reduce freight on crude oil and to meet the development plan of the Colombo port, a Single Point Buoy Mooring (SPBM) facility was installed 9.2 km off shore Colombo port. The project was commissioned in 1987 together with an intermediate crude oil storage tank farm at Orugodawtte at a total cost of Rs. 1.764 billion.
 1992 The Corporation took further steps to modernise the Refinery and increase its efficiency by the revamping the crude distiller unit in 1992 at a cost of Rs. 250 million.

References

Other websites 
 

1962 establishments in Asia
Companies of Asia
Sri Lanka
Energy
Brooke County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 24,069 people lived there. Its county seat is Wellsburg.

West Virginia counties
Doddridge County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 8,202 people lived there. Its county seat is West Union.

West Virginia counties
Fayette County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 46,039 people lived there. Its county seat is Fayetteville.

West Virginia counties
Gilmer County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 8,693 people lived there. Its county seat is Glenville.

West Virginia counties
Hancock County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 30,676 people lived there. Its county seat is New Cumberland.

West Virginia counties
Hardy County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 14,025 people lived there. Its county seat is Moorefield.

West Virginia counties
Harrison County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 69,099 people lived there. Its county seat is Clarksburg.

West Virginia counties
Jackson County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 29,211 people lived there. Its county seat is Ripley.

West Virginia counties
Lewis County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 16,372 people lived there. Its county seat is Weston.

West Virginia counties
Marion County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 56,418 people lived there. Its county seat is Fairmont.

West Virginia counties
Mason County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 27,324 people lived there. Its county seat is Point Pleasant.

West Virginia counties
McDowell County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 22,113 people lived there. Its county seat is Welch.

West Virginia counties
Mineral County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 28,212 people lived there. Its county seat is Keyser.

West Virginia counties
Bitter Sweet is a 1940 American musical movie directed by W. S. Van Dyke and is the second adaption of the 1929 operetta of the same name by Noël Coward. It stars Jeanette MacDonald, Nelson Eddy, George Sanders, Felix Bressart, Diana Lewis, Fay Holden, Edward Ashley, Lynne Carver and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1941.

Other websites
 
 
 

1940 movies
1940s musical movies
American musical movies
Movies directed by W. S. Van Dyke
Fast and Fearless is a 1924 American silent western movie directed by Richard Thorpe and starring Buffalo Bill, Jr., Jean Arthur, George Magrill, Julian Rivero, Steve Clemente. It was distributed by Action Pictures.

Other websites
 

1924 movies
1920s western movies
American western movies
American silent movies
Movies directed by Richard Thorpe
Josep Maria Benet i Jornet (; 20 June 1940 – 6 April 2020) was a Spanish  playwright and television writer. He was born in Barcelona. He was known for creating Nissaga de poder (1996–1998), Laberint d'ombres (1998–2000), El cor de la ciutat (2000–2009) and Ventdelplà (2005–2010).

Benet i Jornet died from COVID-19 in Lleida, Spain on 6 April 2020, aged 79.

References

Other websites
 

1940 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
Playwrights
Television writers
Writers from Barcelona
Giuseppe Rizza (8 April 1987 – 6 July 2020) was an Italian footballer. He was born in Noto, Italy. From 1995 to 2006, he played for Juventus. Between 2008 and 2012, he played for Livorno. 

Rizza died on 6 July 2020 in Catania, Italy from a ruptured brain aneurysm, aged 33.

References

1987 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from intracranial aneurysm
Italian footballers