cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The 7.92x57mm Mauser, aka 8mm Mauser round is a German bullet first used in the G98 Mauser rifle. Other German rifles chambered (Size of the bullet the gun can take) in 7.92x57mm include weapons such as the K98, MG34, MG42, FG42, G41, and G43. 

A variant (Different style) of the 7.92x57mm, the 7.92x33 mm "8mm Kurz", was created as an intermediate cartridge intended to be used in urban warfare, as the German army learned from fighting in cities, mainly in Russia after Operation Barbarossa. The 8mm Kurz was used in the STG44 assault rifle. This round, weapon, and concept was picked up and expanded on by the Russians after the war, and this led up to the development of the 7.62x39mm cartridge used in the SKS45, AK47 (and variants), and the RPD light machine gun.

After World War II, Germany was split into two countries, West Germany and East Germany, and both countries stopped using 8mm Mauser weapons. This was because the alliances they made required them to use the same ammunition for all their weapons as their allies. West Germany would use NATO weapons, and East Germany would use Warsaw Pact weapons.

Pistol and rifle cartridges
Military cartridges
Logan Laurice Browning (born June 9, 1989) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She is best known for playing Sasha in the movie Bratz: The Movie (2007) and Brianna in Meet the Browns. She currently stars as Jelena Howard on the VH1 series Hit the Floor.

Life and career

Browning joined the cast of Meet the Browns during the second season. She replaced Brianne Gould as the character Brianna Ortiz. She also makes a brief appearance in Prima J's "Rockstar" music video, as well as B5's music video "U Got Me". She also had a recurring role on the Disney XD series Pair of Kings.

Filmography

References

Other websites
 

1989 births
Living people
Singers from Atlanta, Georgia
Writers from Atlanta, Georgia
Actors from Atlanta, Georgia
American television actors
Olympus Has Fallen is an American action movie from 2013. It is about commandos from North Korea holding people hostage in the White House. It stars Gerard Butler, Morgan Freeman, and Aaron Eckhart. It was released in summer of 2013.

A sequel, London Has Fallen, was released in March 2016.

2013 action movies
2013 thriller movies
2010s action thriller movies
American action thriller movies
English-language movies
Movies about terrorism
Movies set in North Korea
Movies set in Washington, D.C.
Drone movies
Movies directed by Antoine Fuqua
José Sulaimán Chagnón (born May 30, 1931 – January 16, 2014) was a Mexican boxing official. He was the president of the World Boxing Council. He was entered into the International Boxing Hall of Fame on June 10, 2007.

Sulaimán was born in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas. He died in Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites
Q & A

1931 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Mexican businesspeople
Chief executives
Arvid Carlsson (25 January 1923 – 29 June 2018) was a Swedish neuropharmacologist. He was best known for his work with the neurotransmitter dopamine and its effects on Parkinson's disease. 

He won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1979.

For his work on dopamine, Carlsson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000. He won the award alongside Eric Kandel and Paul Greengard.

References

Other websites
Nobel Prize Biography
The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg

1923 births
2018 deaths
Swedish neuroscientists
People from Uppsala
Pharmacologists
Wolf Prize winners
Paul Greengard (December 11, 1925 – April 13, 2019) was an American neuroscientist (neurobiologist), biochemist, and pharmacologist of Jewish descent.

He was best known for his work on the molecular and cellular function of neurons. In 2000, Greengard, Arvid Carlsson and Eric Kandel were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system.

Greengard died on April 13, 2019 in New York City at the age of 93.

References

Other websites
 Nobel Prize Biography
 The Greengard Lab at The Rockefeller University
 Paul Greengard US Patents

1925 births
2019 deaths
American biochemists
American Nobel Prize winners
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Johns Hopkins University alumni
American neuroscientists
Pharmacologists
Scientists from New York City
Educators from New York City
Bảo Đại (22 October 1913 – 30 July 1997) was the last king of Vietnam. He was the 13th and last king of the Nguyễn Dynasty. He was the leader of the country during World War II.

Bảo Đại ruled as the King of Annam from 1926 to 1945. Japan briefly took control of Vietnam in 1945, and Bảo Đại was made Emperor of Vietnam but with little real power. France took back control of Vietnam in 1949 as the State of Vietnam. Bảo Đại served as Chief of State from then to 1955, but the French had the real power.

Early Life 

Bảo Đại was born on 22 October 1913 and given the name of Prince Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thụy in the Palace of Doan-Trang-Vien. He was sent to France to be educated. On 8 January 1926, he was made the emperor after his father's death and took the name Bảo Đại (Protector of Grandeur).

Independence and abdication 
In 1940, during the WW2, Imperial Japan took over French Indochina. In 1945, the Japanese made Bảo Đại into declaring Vietnamese independence from France as a member of Japan's sphere of influence; the country then became the Empire of Vietnam. The Japanese surrendered to the Allies in August 1945,  the Viet Minh aimed to take power in Vietnam. Due to Hồ Chí Minh's popular political stand against the French and the 1945 famine, he was able to persuade Bảo Đại to abdicate and hand over power to the communists.

Return to Power 
Bảo Đại was a advisor during the First Indochina War. During the war, he signed many treaties which made him very unpopular.

After the First Indochina War, a peace deal was made to split Vietnam into two, with State of Vietnam receiving the South. Bảo Đại remained "Head of State" of South Vietnam, but moved to Paris and appointed Ngô Đình Diệm as his prime minister.

Second Removal From Power 
A rigged referendum made Ngô Đình Diệm the president of the new Republic of Vietnam, so Bảo Đại was removed from power.

References

History of Vietnam
Vietnamese people
Kings and queens
1913 births
1997 deaths
Home Alone: The Holiday Heist (or Home Alone 5) is an American children's criminal family comedy television movie. It is set in Maine. It is the fifth movie in the successful Home Alone movie series. It stars Malcolm McDowell, Debi Mazar, Eddie Steeples, and Christian Martyn. The movie was first shown on ABC Family on November 25, 2012. Like Home Alone 3, it does not focus on the McCallister family or any of the characters from the first two movies. Home Alone 4: Taking Back The House has some of the main characters from the first two movies, but all of the roles have different actors. It includes many references to the original movies.

Plot
Finn Baxter (Christian Martyn) sets up booby traps to catch the ghost of his new home's former occupant, only to discover he must protect the house and his sister, Alexis (Jodelle Ferland) from three bumbling art thieves.

Release Dates

References

Other websites 

2012 movies
2010s criminal comedy movies
American family movies
American criminal comedy movies
American television movies
Movies set in Maine
Sequel movies
Christmas movies
Hồ Xuân Hương (1772–1822) was a female Vietnamese poet. She wrote poems using Nôm characters. Her poems criticize gender inequality in Vietnam.

1772 births
1822 deaths

Poets
Vietnamese people
Dominic Wynn Woods (born June 20, 1992), better known by his stage name Sage the Gemini, is an American rap musician. He is from Fairfield, California. He is a member of The HBK Gang. He is known for his single "Gas Pedal", featuring Iamsu!, which peaked at #29 on the Billboard Hot 100. This made it both artists' first top-40 hit. It was #6 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and #4 on the Hot Rap Songs charts in 2013.

Discography
Studio albums
 2014: Remember Me

EPs
 2013: Gas Pedal EP

Mixtapes
 2013: Gang Forever

Singles

References

Other websites
 
 

Living people
1992 births
Rap musicians from California
African-American rappers
All Is by My Side is a British and Irish drama movie about Jimi Hendrix. It was released in 2013. It was written and directed by John Ridley.

Cast
 André 3000 as Jimi Hendrix
 Hayley Atwell as Kathy Etchingham
 Burn Gorman as Michael Jeffery
 Imogen Poots as Linda Keith
 Ruth Negga as Ida
 Demetrice Jackson as Reed
 Ashley Charles as Keith Richards
 Amy De Bhrún as Phoebe
 Clare-Hope Ashitey as Faye
 Laurence Kinlan as John
 Jade Yourell as Roberta Goldstein
 Sam McGovern as Ted
 Robbie Jarvis as Andrew Loog Oldham

Other websites
 

2013 drama movies
2010s biographical movies
British biographical movies
British drama movies
Irish movies
Assassination Games is a 2011 American action thriller movie directed by Ernie Barbarash, and starring Jean-Claude Van Damme and Scott Adkins. This movie is about two people wanting revenge for different reasons. One is asking for money, the other revenge. Due to Interpol getting on their trail, two assassins, Vincent and Roland, work together to kill their victims before they themselves are killed. Jean-Claude Van Damme plays Vincent.

Release
The film had a limited release on July 29, 2011. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released the DVD in the United States on September 6, 2011, and in the United Kingdom on October 10, 2011.

Reception
IGN gave the film a 6 out of 10 stars and wrote, "If you need a quick dose of action, Assassination Games should do the trick. Don't expect a masterpiece and you should walk away moderately pleased with the experience".

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 Soundtrack on iTunes

2011 thriller movies
2011 action movies
American action movies
American thriller movies
Hong Kong movies
Romanian movies
The Big Wedding, 2013, is a romantic-comedy movie. It is about marriage and divorce in New England. It is also about deception. Katherine Heigl plays Lyla, Susan Sarandon plays Bebe, and Amanda Seyfried plays Missy.

The movie was released on April 26, 2013. The movie made almost $4 million more than its budget of $32 million. That, however, was not considered very good.

2013 romance movies
2013 comedy movies
2010s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Lionsgate movies
The movie Diana is a 2013 British-French-Belgian-Swedish biographical movie. It is on the life of Princess Diana. In particular, the movie is about the last two years of her life after her divorce from Prince Charles. Naomi Watts plays Diana.

The movie was released on 20 September 2013 in the UK. It was condemned almost immediately by British press. In the United States, reviews were negative.

References

2013 drama movies
2013 romance movies
2010s biographical movies
2010s romantic drama movies
Belgian biographical movies
Belgian romance movies
Belgian drama movies
British biographical movies
British romantic drama movies
French biographical movies
French drama movies
French romance movies
Movies about interracial romance
Movies set in the 1990s
Swedish biographical movies
Swedish drama movies
Swedish romance movies
Movies directed by Oliver Hirschbiegel
Thomas W. Sneddon Jr. (May 26, 1941 – November 1, 2014) was the district attorney of Santa Barbara County, California. He was best known for prosecuting charges of child molestation against Michael Jackson in 2005. He retired in 2007. Jackson wrote a song about Sneddon called "D.S.". It was on his 1995 album HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I. The song was in response to Sneddon's investigation into Jackson for child molestation in 1993.

Sneddon died on November 1, 2014 from complications of cancer, aged 73, at Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California, U.S.

References

1941 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in California
Lawyers from California
People from Santa Barbara, California
Franco Bracardi (16 May 1937 – 27 February 2005) was an Italian actor, composer, pianist and stand-up comedian. He was born in Rome and began working at night clubs by the early 1950s. Later, in the mid-1960s, he started composing songs for Mina, Mirelle Mathieu, Raffaella Carrà. During those same years, he started work as an actor and comedian.

References

Italian musicians
Italian composers
Stand-up comedians
Actors from Rome
1937 births
2005 deaths
Elon Gold (born September 14, 1970) is an American comedian, television actor, writer and producer. Gold was a guest judge on the celebrity impersonation series, The Next Big Thing. He has been in multiple movies such as Cheaper by the Dozen. He was also in the sitcom In-laws.

Gold is from New York. In his younger years, Gold attended the Westchester Day School, in Westchester, and the Marsha Stern Talmudical Academy, in Manhattan. Gold has also stated that he is an observing Jew.

References

Actors from New York
Comedians from New York
1970 births
Living people
Walter Kohn (March 9, 1923 – April 19, 2016) was an Austrian-born American theoretical physicist of Jewish descent.

He was awarded, with John Pople, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1998.

Kohn was one of 20 Nobel Laureates who signed the "Stockholm memorandum" at the 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability in Stockholm, Sweden on 18 May 2011.

Kohn died on April 19, 2016 at his home in Santa Barbara, California from jaw cancer, at the age of 93.

References

Other websites
 Photograph of Walter Kohn:  
"Quantum Chemistry Comes of Age,"  The Chemical Educator, Vol. 5, No. 3, S1430-4171(99)06333-7, , © 2000 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
Freeview video interview with Walter Kohn by the Vega Science Trust
Official homepage of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1998
Kohn's faculty website at University of California-Santa Barbara. Retrieved November 11, 2006.

1923 births
2016 deaths
American Nobel Prize winners
Austrian Jews
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from jaw cancer
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Scientists from Vienna
American theoretical physicists
Austrian Nobel Prize winners
Thomas Phillip "Tip" O'Neill, Jr. (December 9, 1912 – January 5, 1994) was an American politician and Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.

O'Neill was an outspoken liberal Democrat and influential member of the House of Representatives, serving for 34 years and representing two congressional districts in Massachusetts.

He served as Speaker of the House from 1977 until his retirement in 1987, making him the only Speaker to serve for five complete consecutive Congresses, and the second longest-serving Speaker in U.S. history after Sam Rayburn. O'Neill retired from Congress in 1987 but remained active in public life. 

O'Neill died of cardiac arrest on January 5, 1994.

References

Other websites

George Bush Presidential Library and Museum - Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom Awards
Biographer John A. Farrell's remarks on Tip O'Neill at congressional forum on the Speaker
Links to searchable version and opening chapter on Tip's boyhood from Tip O'Neill and the Democratic Century
Booknotes interview with Gary Hymel on All Politics Is Local and Other Rules of the Game, January 23, 1994. 
Booknotes interview with John Farrell on Tip O'Neill and the Democratic Century, May 20, 2001. 

1912 births
1994 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
US Democratic Party politicians
United States representatives from Massachusetts
Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
People from Cambridge, Massachusetts
20th-century American politicians
Majority leaders of the United States House of Representatives
Howard Henry Baker, Jr. (November 15, 1925 – June 26, 2014) was a Senate Majority Leader, Republican U.S. Senator from Tennessee, White House Chief of Staff, and a former United States Ambassador to Japan. He worked as a lobbyist and adviser at Baker, Donelson, Bearman, Caldwell & Berkowitz.

Baker died on June 26, 2014 at the age of 88 from complications of a stroke he suffered the week prior. He died in his native Huntsville, Tennessee, with his wife, Nancy, by his side.

References

Other websites
Biography from the Howard H. Baker Center for Public Policy at the University of Tennessee 
Citigroup biography

1925 births
2014 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States to Japan
American lobbyists
Minority leaders of the United States Senate
Majority leaders of the United States Senate
American military personnel of World War II
American Presbyterians
Deaths from stroke
1980 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Tennessee
US Republican Party politicians
White House Chiefs of Staff
James Best (July 26, 1926 – April 6, 2015) was an American actor. He is best known for his starring role as bumbling Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane in the CBS television series The Dukes of Hazzard. He has also worked as an acting coach, artist, college professor, and musician.

Best died on April 6, 2015, in Hickory, North Carolina from complications of pneumonia. He was 88.

References

Other websites

James Best's website 
James Best Bio at HazzardNet.com 
James Best Crystal Reel Awards 

1926 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American animal rights activists
Actors from Kentucky
James Baskett (February 16, 1904 – July 9, 1948) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Uncle Remus, singing the song "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah" in the 1946 Disney feature movie Song of the South. He was given an Honorary Academy Award, making him the very first male performer of African descent to receive an Oscar.

References

Other websites
 
 

1904 births
1948 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
African American actors
Actors from Indianapolis, Indiana
State of Vietnam was a former autonomous state controlled by France. It was established in 1949. It was an associated state and a constitutent territory of the French Indochina until 1954. From 1954, it became fully independent from France since this country lost the First Indochina War. It was replaced by Republic of Vietnam in 1955. It proclaimed its sovereignty over all of Vietnam's territories, but in fact, it only controlled small parts of its proclaimed territories. Most of its territories was controlled by Viet Minh and Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Only French-occupied territories in Vietnam was controlled by the State of Vietnam. From 1954, the 1954 Geneva Accords divided Vietnam into two countries: North Vietnam and State of Vietnam. North Vietnam's territory is from Quang Binh Province to the North. The State of Vietnam's territory is from Quang Tri Province to the South. Its area was 173,809 km2 from 1954.

History
State of Vietnam was established in 1949. It was preceded by the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam. It was established in 1948. In 1950, it was recognised by France, United Kingdom and United States with the capital of Saigon and the chief of state of Bao Dai. In 1954, France lost the First Indochina War. That led to the 1954 Geneva Accords. It divided Vietnam into two countries. State of Vietnam and France gathered their troops in  Southern Vietnam. On 26 October, it was replaced by Republic of Vietnam.

Military
Following the signing of the 1949 Élysée Accords in Paris, Bao Dai was able to create a National Army for defense purposes.

It fought under the State of Vietnam's banner and leadership and was commanded by General Nguyen Van Hinh.

Related pages
 Empire of Vietnam
 Republic of Vietnam

References

1949 establishments in Asia
1955 disestablishments
1950s disestablishments in Asia
20th century in France
20th century in Vietnam
Former countries in Asia
States and territories established in the 1940s
States and territories disestablished in the 20th century
The Empire of Vietnam () was a puppet state controlled by Japan. It was formed on 17 March 1945 and ended on 30 August 1945. This was towards the end of World War II. The capital city was Huế.

Former monarchies of Asia
1945 in Vietnam
1945 establishments in Asia
1945 disestablishments in Asia
World War II
Puppet states
1945 in Japan
The term childfree means people who choose not to have children. It includes people who have had sterilisation (surgery such as a vasectomy) to make themselves unable to have children.

The most common reasons for being childfree are:

not liking children
asceticism or religious reasons
not wanting to become a parent
thinking that wanting to reproduce oneself is narcissistic
not having enough money to take care of children
personal well-being

People may also choose not to have children for ethical reasons, such as antinatalism. By choosing not to have their own children, childfree people have choices of saving large amounts of money. They can also focus on themselves. They usually benefit society more by being childless rather than having children.

Being childless was considered unusual in the 1950s. Since then, the number of adults without children has increased. Many researchers say childfree adults are more educated, less likely to be religious and more likely to live around cities. In the late 2000s to early 2010s, the rate of women in the United States becoming pregnant dropped almost 9%. The birth rate between 2010 and 2013 was the lowest in the country's history.

References

Related pages
Abortion
Birth control
Childlessness

Relationships
Family
Children

 Antinatalism
 Sterilization
Childlessness is not having a child. Since the 1970s, there are more childless people. There are two kinds of childlessness, voluntary and involuntary.

Voluntary childlessness is when people choose to not have children. People do this for several reasons, which include:
Celibacy (not having sexual intercourse)
Not wanting to have a child (see Childfree)
Not having enough money to take care of a child
Being too old to have a child
Voluntary childlessness is sometimes called childfree.

There are also several reason for involuntary childlessness, including:
Infertility, which means they are unable to biologically have children.
the death of an infant or child either before, during, or shortly after birth.

Options for involuntary childlessness
Sometimes a couple can have a child through artificial insemination, when a sperm is place in a woman's uterus immediately after ovulation. Another option is in vitro fertilization (or IVF). In this process, a sperm and an egg are placed together until fertilization happens, then the egg is put into the uterus.

References

Relationships
Family
Children
The Client is a 1994 American melodramatic legal crime drama movie. It was directed by Joel Schumacher. It is based on the novel of the same name. This is about murder, suicide and Mafia activities in New Orleans. Brad Renfro plays Mark Sway. Tommy Lee Jones plays Reverend Foltrigg. Susan Sarandon plays Regina Love. Mary-Louise Parker plays Dianne.

The movie was released on July 20, 1994. It got positive reviews from most critics. It made a lot of money.

1994 crime movies
1994 drama movies
1990s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
English-language movies
Legal movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Joel Schumacher
Suicide in fiction
Clear and Present Danger is a 1994 American spy movie. The movie is about agents in the CIA, FBI and murder around Washington, D.C. and Colombia involving the Cali drug cartel and corrupt powerful American politicians and bureaucrats. Harrison Ford plays Jack Ryan, who has become the Director of the CIA. Anne Archer plays his wife Cathy Ryan. Thora Birch plays his daughter Sally Ryan. Other actors who play in the movie include James Earl Jones, Willem Dafoe, Harris Yulin and James Cromwell.

This movie was released August 3, 1994. The run time is 141 minutes. Its reviews were excellent. It made a lot of money at the box office.

It is the sequel of the 1992 movie Patriot Games.

Other websites 
 
 

1994 crime movies
1994 drama movies
1994 action movies
1990s sequel movies
1990s spy movies
American action movies
American crime drama movies
American sequel movies
American spy movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies about terrorism
Murder in movies
Movies about drugs
Movies set in the 1980s
Movies set in Washington, D.C.
Movies set in Virginia
Movies set in South America
Movies directed by Phillip Noyce
An erotic thriller is a form of the thriller genre that involves sexuality. Many people liked this from around 1984-85 until the early 1990s. After that, not as many people liked it. It is, however, still popular.

An erotic thriller can be a book, a movie, or a television program. Examples of erotic thriller movies are Basic Instinct, Color of Night, Single White Female (1992), Body of Evidence, Crash (1996) and Basic Instinct 2 (2006).

References

Genres
Human sexuality
Zimbabwe Rhodesia () was an unrecognized state in southern Africa. It replaced the Republic of Rhodesia from 1 June 1979 to 12 December 1979. It was replaced by the re-established British colony of Southern Rhodesia for three months before being replaced by the present day Republic of Zimbabwe.

References

Former countries in Africa
Former polities of the Cold War
Former republics
History of Zimbabwe
The Simpsons: Tapped Out is a  mobile game based on The Simpsons released in 2012 published and developed by Electronic Arts for Twentieth Century Fox and Gracie Films. Homer destroyed the entire city of Springfield after he sat and played The Happy Little Elves Game during working hours while Springfield's nuclear power plant suffers a meltdown. Homer begins then with the help of Lisa build a new Springfield.
The game was released on 17 February 2012 for iOS and one for Android was released later in 2012. On 3 March 2012 the game was taken away from the App Store one for a short period, when it was discovered that app had some bugs . The game features voice dialogue from the actor for the TV series and the script for the game is written by the authors of the series.

The game
The player's task is to place the buildings and other objects in Springfield and provide residents in the town of tasks to do. Every time something starts to be built or a task is started, it takes some time for the task to be completed, after the assignment or the construction is finished the player receives a reward XP points and money, sometimes also added new features to the game. There are two currencies in the game, dollars and donuts. Donuts are game premium currency and given only occasionally free, otherwise they cost real money. Some things in the game costing dollars, while others donuts. The player can every day even visit other players' versions of Springfield to get more points and dollars. The total friends player can have is 100 friends.

Seasonal updates are released, which have special content and events.

Reception
slidetoplay.com gave the game the highest rating, and like references to the Simpsons in the game and how fun and addictive it is. They do not like, however, that some popular stuff is premium content. CNET have compared the game with Sim City while IGN compared the game with Farmville and did not like 300 donuts cost 20 real dollars when there are games for iOS for 1-3 dollars so it makes no sense to pay over 10 dollars for a building. Macworld in Australia thought it was irritating that the player can only see the game from one angle but says that the replica characters cause much laughter.

References

Other websites
The Simpsons: Tapped Out on ea.com

2012 video games
Mobile games
The Simpsons
Néstor Kirchner was the former President of Argentina and the first Secretary General of the Union of South American Nations. He died of heart failure on the morning of 27 October 2010. He was aged 60. His wife, President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, was with him when he died. He had been expected to run for president in 2011.

Kirchner's funeral began on 28 October. His body was put on display in his coffin at the Casa Rosada. Over more than 24 hours, hundreds of thousands of people came to see him. Many Argentine politicians and eight South American leaders attended the funeral. In the afternoon the next day, his body was moved to the metropolitan airport. A procession of many people walked with his coffin from Casa Rosada. From the airport of Río Gallegos, Kirchner's body was taken to the cemetery.

References

Other websites

The Boston Globe
La Nación 
Urbanphoto 

Néstor Kirchner
Kirchner
2010s in Argentina
October 2010 events
The Division of Watson is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It was set up for the 1993 election to replace the abolished Division of St George. It is named after Chris Watson, the first Labor Prime Minister of Australia. 

The division is located in the southern suburbs of Sydney, including Belfield, Belmore, Burwood Heights, Campsie, Chullora, Clemton Park, Enfield, Greenacre, Lakemba, Mount Lewis, Roselands, Strathfield South and Wiley Park and parts of Ashbury, Bankstown, Beverly Hills, Burwood, Canterbury, Croydon, Croydon Park, Earlwood, Kingsgrove, Narwee, Punchbowl, Riverwood and Strathfield.

History
There was an earlier Division of Watson (1934-69). It was in the south-eastern suburbs of Sydney, however that Division is not connected to this one except in name.

Members

Leo McLeay was Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Watson - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1992 establishments in Australia
Aminomethyl propanol is a clear, colored liquid that neutralizes acids to create salts and water. It is used for the preparation of buffer solutions. It does not dissolve in water. It has about the same density as water.

References
http://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/aminomethyl-propanol 
http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB0320043.htm

3
Lech Kaczyński, the fourth President of the Republic of Poland, died on 10 April 2010. He died in a plane crash outside of Smolensk, Russia. The plane was a Tu-154 belonging to the Polish Air Force. The crash killed all 96 on board. His wife, Maria Kaczyńska, was also among those killed.

The speaker of parliament, Bronisław Komorowski, soon became Acting President by law.

After the death of Kaczyński was announced, Komorowski declared a week of mourning. It went from 11 to 18 April. A state funeral for Lech and Maria was held on the last day. Several countries observed a day of national mourning on the day of the funeral. Afterwards, the couple were buried together in a crypt in the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków.

President of the United States Barack Obama cancelled his plans. He made a public statement. He spoke of his sadness and blamed the volcanic ash that was disrupting air travel over Europe at the time.

References

2010 in Europe
History of Poland
Kaczyński
André Paul Guillaume Gide (22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French writer. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1947. 

Gide was born in Paris into a middle class Protestant family. During a trip to Alegeria Gide realized that he was gay. His first novel The Notebooks of Andre Walter was published in 1891. Gide met Oscar Wilde in 1894. In October 1895 Gide married his cousin Madeleine. When Gide was 47 15-year-old Marc Allégret became his lover.

Gide also opposed colonialism and exploitation of slavery in Africa and was interested in communism and visited Soviet Union, but he expressed critical idea on the totalitarian regime.

1869 births
1951 deaths
Anti-Communists
Communists
French LGBT people
French Nobel Prize winners
Gay men
LGBT Nobel Prize winners
LGBT writers
Writers from Paris
Hugo Chávez, the President of Venezuela, died on 5 March 2013. He was 58 years old. Because of his death, the Venezuelan constitution required an election for a new president to be held within 30 days. Vice President Nicolás Maduro became temporary president. On 14 April, he was officially elected.

Chávez' funeral was held on 8 March. Maduro originally said that Chávez' body would be embalmed and permanently displayed in a glass coffin at a military museum. However, on 13 March Maduro announced that this would not happen. This was because the government could not get prepared in the short time that had passed. Maduro extended the National Mourning for four days more, to eleven days. By the end of this, Chávez' body was moved to the Museum of the Revolution at Fort Montana. This had been where Chávez had tried to overthrow the government in 1992.

Chávez's body was never embalmed. He was buried at a cemetery in Venezuela.

References

2013
History of Venezuela
Chavez
March events
2010s in South America
Mr. Lordi (born 15 February 1974) is a Finnish musician, painter and graphic designer. He is the singer and songwriter for the hard rock band Lordi. He also makes all the costumes for the band. His real name is Tomi Petteri Putaansuu.

Putaansuu was born in Rovaniemi, Finland. He studied filmmaking in Tornio. While there, he created Lordi's first music video, "Inferno". He formed the band Lordi in 1992. All publicity photographs of Mr. Lordi have his face hidden behind his mask and stage makeup. He does not talk about his private life or his real name for the media.

References 

1974 births
Singer-songwriters
Finnish musicians
Living people
June Louise Squibb (born November 6, 1929) is an American actress. She has played supporting roles in movies like Alice, Scent of a Woman, The Age of Innocence, In & Out, and Far from Heaven.

References

Other websites
 
 

1929 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Illinois
Gloria Lerma Yatco (June 22, 1922 – August 25, 2019), better known as Mona Lisa, was a Filipino movie actress. She was one of the most popular Filipino actresses of the 1940s. She resumed her movie career in the 1970s retiring for 20 years and remained in her 80s.

Her best known roles were Insiang, Giliw Ko, and Cain at Abel.

Lisa died on August 25, 2019 at her home in Manila from Alzheimer's disease-related problems at the age of 97.

References

Other websites

1922 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Filipino actors
People from Manila
Janakkala is a municipality in Finland. 16,881 people lived there in 2013. Population centers: Turenki, Tervakoski, Leppäkoski and village called Tarinmaa.

Neighbour municipalities, in south: Hausjärvi, Loppi and Riihimäki. Hämeenlinna is on the north.

Coat of arms
Janakkalas coat of arms has been designed by Onni Oja in 1950.

Villages

26 villages:

Known people
 Tuomas Kyrö, writer
 Ida Aalberg, actor
 Olavi Borg, professor
 Laiska Leppone, rap-musician
 Reko Lundán, writer
 Timo Mäenpää, musician
 Kustaa Paturi, poetry and agonist
 A. P. Sarjanto, songwriter

Other websites 
 The official Janakkala page

Municipalities of Kanta-Häme
The Iberian Union was a state that governed the Iberian peninsula between 1580 and 1640. After the young king of Portugal and his uncle died, three of their relatives fought the War of the Portuguese Succession. Philip II of Spain won, thus linking the monarchies of Portugal and the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg. This dynastic union joined the crowns of Castile, Portugal and Aragon along with their respective colonial possessions, under the rule of the Hispanic monarchy. The institutions, government and legal traditions of each kingdom remained independent of each other; they merely had the same king of Habsburg Spain.  The alien laws (Leyes de extranjeria) determined that the national of one kingdom was a foreigner in all the other Iberian kingdoms.  The term Iberian union  was not used at the time, it is a creation of modern historians.

The monarchs had long wanted to unify the penisula: They had the  visigothic monarchy in mind. Sancho III of Navarre and Alfonso VII of León and Castile both took the title Imperator totius Hispaniae, meaning "Emperor of All Hispania" centuries before.  If  Miguel da Paz (1498–1500), Prince of Portugal and Asturias had become king, the union could have been achieved earlier.  However, he died early in his childhood.

The history of Portugal from the dynastic crisis in 1578 to the first House of Braganza monarchs was a period of transition. The Portuguese Empire's spice trade was peaking at the start of this period.  Vasco da Gama had finally reached the East by sailing around Africa in 1497–98, completing the exploratory efforts started by Henry the Navigator.  This opened an oceanic route for the profitable spice trade into Europe that bypassed the Middle East.

Throughout the 17th century, the increasing predations and surrounding of Portuguese trading posts in the East by the Dutch, English and French, and their rapidly growing intrusion into the Atlantic slave trade, undermined Portugal's near monopoly on the lucrative oceanic spice and slave trades. This sent the Portuguese spice trade into a long decline. To a lesser extent the diversion of wealth from Portugal by the Habsburg monarchy to help support the Catholic side of the Thirty Years' War, also created strains within the union, although Portugal did benefit from Spanish military power in helping to retain Brazil and in disrupting Dutch trade. These events, and those that occurred at the end of Aviz dynasty and the period of Iberian Union, led Portugal to a state of dependency on its colonies, first India and then Brazil.

References

1580 establishments
16th-century establishments in Spain
1580s establishments in Europe
1640 disestablishments
1640s disestablishments in Europe
16th century in Spain
17th century in Spain
Roberta Elizabeth Marshall Cowell (8 April 1918 – 11 October 2011) was a British racing driver and World War II fighter pilot. She was born in Croydon, Surrey. She was also the first known British transsexual woman to undergo sex reassignment surgery.

She died on 11 October 2011 in Hampton, London. Her funeral was attended by only six people and (on her instructions) was unpublicised - her death was not publicly reported until two years later, when a profile of her was printed in The Independent newspaper in October 2013.

References

1918 births
2011 deaths
British military people
Transgender and transsexual people
Deaths from natural causes
English LGBT people
English racecar drivers
LGBT military people
Sportspeople from Surrey
Cyclomatic complexity is a measurement to see how difficult a computer program is to understand. The measurement was developed by Thomas J. McCabe, Sr. in 1976. It looks at the program's source code and measures the number of independent paths through the source code. The concept is similar to the general text complexity, which is measured by the Flesch-Kincaid Readability Test.

Cyclomatic complexity is computed using the control flow graph of the program: the nodes of the graph correspond to indivisible groups of commands of a program, and a directed edge connects two nodes if the second command might be executed immediately after the first command. Cyclomatic complexity may also be applied to individual functions, modules, methods or classes within a program.

One testing strategy, called Basis path testing by McCabe who first proposed it, is to test each linearly independent path through the program; in this case, the number of test cases will equal the cyclomatic complexity of the program.

References

Theoretical computer science
April Ashley, MBE (born George Jamieson; 29 April 1935 – 27 December 2021) was an English model and restaurant hostess. She was one the first British people to be outed as a transsexual, this was done by the Sunday People in 1961.

She was also known as one of the first British people to undergo sex reassignment surgery, after racing driver and World War II fighter pilot Roberta Cowell, and the ninth in the world to have the surgery.

Ashley died on 27 December 2021 in London, at the age of 86.

References

More reading

Other websites

 April Ashley's Odyssey  The text and pictures from her 1982 book 
 April Ashley Photo Gallery Tribute 
 How Prescott made a woman out of me - Daily Mail profile, 3 June 2006
 April Ashley Documentary

1935 births
2021 deaths
Transgender and transsexual people
English LGBT people
English models
English movie actors
Actors from Liverpool
Writers from Liverpool
Jane Kean (April 10, 1923 – November 26, 2013) was an American actress, writer, and singer. Her most famous roles were as Trixie Norton on The Honeymooners with Jackie Gleason, and as the voice of Belle in the perennial favorite Mister Magoo's Christmas Carol.

Kean died on November 26, 2013 at age 90, at Providence St. Joseph Medical Center in Burbank, California of complications from a fall.

References

More reading

Other websites
 
 

1923 births
2013 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Hartford, Connecticut
Singers from Connecticut
Writers from Connecticut
Thomas Robert "Tom" Laughlin (August 10, 1931 – December 12, 2013) was an American actor, director, screenwriter, author, educator and political activist. He was known for his role as Billy Jack on the television series Billy Jack. He ran for President of the United States in 1992, 2004, and 2008 for the Democratic Party.

Laughlin died of complications from pneumonia on December 12, 2013 at Los Robles Hospital and Medical Center in Thousand Oaks, California.

References

Other websites

 Official Billy Jack website, including information on Tom Laughlin's political aspirations

1931 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American movie directors
American television directors
American screenwriters
American political activists
Educators from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
US Democratic Party politicians
Actors from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Writers from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Politicians from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
2008 United States presidential candidates
Riihimäki is a town in Finland. It locates 70 km from Helsinki to north. As of 31 August 2013, almost 30,000 people lived there. Nearby municipalities include Janakkala, Hausjärvi, Hyvinkää, and Loppi.

History
Riihimäki's population center grew around railwaystation. Riihimäki railway station is one of the 1862 opened Helsinki-Hämeenlinna railways stations. Story tolds that this not dense populated area was simply named by the kiln what was upon a hill.

Other websites

 Community website

Towns in Finland
Municipalities of Kanta-Häme
An Internet café (also called a Cybercafé) is a type of café. It is a business that provides Internet access to the public, usually for a fee. It also sells coffee and food. Internet cafés were introduced in the 1990s. The spread of modern-style cafés to many places, urban and rural, went hand in hand with computers. Many Internet cafés offer wireless Internet or have computers customers can use. They also offer telephones and newspapers. Internet café users need to be aware they have less security than most private networks. They are also more exposed to malicious software, also called 'malware'.

References 

Food and drink
Restaurants
Jonás Joaquín Ortiz Alberto (born in 1989), is better known by his stage name Black Point (sometimes El Negro or Black Jonas Point). He is a Dominican rapper, songwriter and producer. Ortiz, along with Del Patio and Pitbull, wrote and performed the song "Watagatapitusberry". This song reached number 30 in the US Billboard Latin Songs chart and number 13 in the US Billboard Tropical Songs chart.

Biography
Black Point was born in Santo Domingo, in the Dominican Republic. He was only 8 when he started to get interested in hip hop music and start writing rap songs. His manager, Big W One, was the person that produced and record his debut song of rap on the 2000. On 2008 Black Point arrives to the Dominican Republic's radio stations gaining so much fame with themes like "Mi mujer no era mala", "Amigo" and the famous collaboration of hip hop Dominican culture, "Capea El Dough: All Stars".

Discography

Singles

References

Other websites 
 
 Black Point discography at MusicBrainz
 

1989 births
Living people
Dominican Republic musicians
Rap musicians
Dominican Republic writers
X-DuckX is a French-Canadian animated television series, that lasted for 78 episodes, directed by François Reczulski in 2001, made by Alphanim, France 3, YTV, Super Écran and Tooncan.
 
The series chronicles the wacky and dangerous a duo of ducks, Slax and Geextah, fans of extreme sports adventures. Both live, as their passion, extreme adventures that sometimes grow beyond their limits. In France, the series was first broadcast on France 3 in 2002 before being broadcast on Jetix (formerly Fox Kids) from 2004 to 2006. In Canada, X-DuckX was broadcast on Super Écran and YTV.

Canadian animated television series
French television series
2001 television series debuts
2007 television series endings
2001 establishments in Canada
2001 establishments in France
Michael Jackson (March 27, 1942 – August 30, 2007) nicknamed "Beer Hunter" was a famous British writer. He was known for being an expert about beer.

It was revealed in December 2006 that Michael Jackson "is and has been suffering for at least a decade from Parkinson's Disease." He also suffered from diabetes. Michael Jackson died of a heart attack in his home the morning of 30 August 2007 at the age of 65 in London.

References

Other websites
Obituary, The Independent, 3 September 2007 
 Obituary, The Times, 5 September 2007
'Lives Remembered' The Times
Remembering Michael Jackson, The Brewers Association
 Michael Jackson's Life and Death, All about Beer 
'Michael Jackson's Rare Beer Club'

1942 births
2007 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction

British writers
People from Leeds
In law, the term deterrence is used to describe the situation where punishment or threat is used to keep people from committing a crime. Both the person who committed a crime, as well as other people should be kept from committing that kind of crime. 

Law
The War of the Worlds is an 1898 science fiction book by H. G. Wells. It is about Martians attacking Earth. A 1938 radio broadcast version by Orson Welles frightened many people.

1890s books
Science fiction books
Books by H. G. Wells
Bert Frederick Williams MBE (31 January 1920 – 19 January 2014) was an English international football goalkeeper. Nicknamed "The Cat", he spent the majority of his playing career at Wolverhampton Wanderers where he won the League Championship and FA Cup. At the time of his death Williams was the oldest living England international.

References

Other websites
England Profile 

1920 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
English footballers
People from Wolverhampton
Sportspeople from Staffordshire
Pete Burns (5 August 1959 – 23 October 2016) was an English singer. He started the band Dead or Alive in 1980. Their 1985 single "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)" was number one. He has since become known for having had a lot of cosmetic surgery. He also became known for being on Celebrity Big Brother in 2006.

Early life
Burns was born in Wirral to a German mother, Eva. He started school when he was seven.

Career
In 1979 Burns was the singer of Nightmares on Wax. In 1980 he started Dead or Alive. In April 1984 Dead or Alive released their first album Sophisticated Boom Boom. Dead or alive's second album Youthquake was released in May 1985. It reached number nine in the UK Albums Chart. 

In 2004 Burns released a single with the Pet Shop Boys. In 2006 "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)" was released as a single for the fourth time. It reached number five in the UK Singles Chart.

In 2011 Burns was on Celebrity Come Dine with Me.

Personal life
Burns used to have "really bad depression". In 2006 he was arrested for attacking his fiancee. In 2007 Burns married Michael Simpson.

References

1959 births
English singers
English television personalities
2016 deaths