cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
British Sea Power is an indie rock band from England. They formed in 2000. Many band members come from Cumbria, but they are based in Brighton. They have released six albums and six EPs. They released their sixth album Machineries of Joy in April 2013.

Studio albums 
 The Decline Of British Sea Power (2003)
 Open Season (2005)
 Do You Like Rock Music? (2007)
 Valhalla Dancehall (2010)
 Machineries Of Joy (2013)
 Sea of Brass (2015)
 Let the Dancers Inherit the Party (2017)

2000 establishments in England
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
Brighton
English rock bands
Indie rock bands
Musical groups established in 2000
Jimmy Eat World is an alternative rock band.  They formed in Mesa, Arizona in 1994. To date, they have released six studio albums. They may record one more album on their label for a 2009 release, but after that will consider self-releasing. They have released many singles, including Sweetness, The Middle, Bleed American, Rockstar, and Let It Happen.

They used to be part of the emo scene and many would still call them that. However, the band has never liked that term and do not even understand that. While their albums do have considerable emo influences, the album Future brought on a change of sound and a different fanbase.

Albums

Studio albums
 Jimmy Eat World - 1994
 Static Prevails - 1996
 Clarity - 1999
 Bleed American - 2001
 Futures - 2004
 Chase This Light - 2007
 Invented - 2010
 Damage - 2013

EPS
One Two Three - 1994
Jimmy Eat World (EP) - 1998
Firestarter - 2000
Good To Go - 2002
Stay On My Side Tonight - 2005

References

Other websites

Jimmy Eat World's Official website 

American rock bands
American punk bands
Emo bands
Musical groups from Arizona
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
People from Mesa, Arizona
Musical groups established in 1993
1993 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Arizona
Phish is an American rock band. They formed in Vermont in 1983, broke up in 2004, and reformed in 2009. Their lead singer is Trey Anastasio. Phish was often compared to the Grateful Dead, and had a similar following of "Phish Heads" following the band on tour. They went on a 5-year-long hiatus from 2004 to 2009. Their hiatus ended when they played shows on March 6, 7 and 8 at the Hampton Coliseum in Hampton, VA. The band surprised the audience with longer sets than usual.

Their music has a lot of improvisation, so when they play live, their songs are sometimes a lot longer. They use elements from many genres, including rock, jazz, funk, progressive rock, bluegrass, country, reggae, blues, Latin, and psychedelic rock.

Discography
Studio albums
 The White Tape (1986)
 The Man Who Stepped into Yesterday (1987)
 Junta (1989)
 Lawn Boy (1990)
 A Picture of Nectar (1992)
 Rift (1993)
 Hoist (1994)
 Billy Breathes (1996)
 The Story of the Ghost (1998)
 The Siket Disc (1999)
 Farmhouse (2000)
 Round Room (2002)
 Undermind (2004)
 Joy (2009)
 Fuego (2014)
 Big Boat (2016)
 Sigma Oasis (2020)

References

American rock bands
Musical groups established in 1983
2004 disestablishments in the United States
Burlington, Vermont
1983 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Vermont
Confucius  (born 551 BC, died 479 BC) was an important Chinese educator and philosopher. His original name was Kong Qiu or Zhong Ni. 
As a child, he was eager to learn about everything, and was very interested in rituals. Once he grew up, he worked as a state official who handled farms and cattle. Then he became a teacher.

Confucius lived in a time when many states were fighting wars in China.
This period was called the Spring and Autumn period of the Zhou Dynasty.
Confucius did not like this and wanted to bring order back to society.

Teaching 
Like Socrates, Confucius sometimes did not answer philosophical questions himself.
Instead he wanted people to think hard about problems and to learn from others, especially from history.
Confucius also thought that people should get power because they were good and skilled, and not just because they came from powerful families.

Confucius wanted people to think about other people more than about money or what they owned.
However he also felt that there should be strong rules in society and that people needed to obey them.
Confucius thought that there were five relationships people could have, and that they all had their own rules.
Two people could be
 Prince and Subject
 Father and Son
 Husband and Wife
 Elder and Child
 or Friends
These were traditional relationships called the 'five prototypes'.
Confucius said that in all these relationships, both people must obey rules.
For example, a subject must obey a prince, but also a prince must listen to a subject and must rule him well and fairly.

Confucius said that people should only do things to other people if they would be okay with other people doing those things to themselves.
This is sometimes called the Golden Rule and was also taught by Jesus Christ.

His students wrote down small stories about him, and things that he said.
These were put together to make a book called The Analects, which became one of the main books of Confucianism.

551 BC births
479 BC deaths
Eastern philosophers
Confucianism
Chinese philosophers
Consciousness means being awake, alert and responsive to the environment. The definition of consciousness may differ in psychology, neuroscience, philosophy and other related sciences. It is often disputed amongst academics and scientists.

Consciousness is a spectrum. There are several states between a fully conscious state and a fully unconscious state. In medicine, the degree of loss of consciousness is measured by using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS); a score between 3 and 15 is given to each person at any time, to show how conscious he or she is. Higher scores show more conscious states.

It seems that many decisions are made without us being aware of it. Some think that these decisions are made by what is called the unconscious mind. There are also many body functions which we do not notice until they go wrong. These activities are done by the autonomic nervous system. Breathing and the beat of one's heart can be noticed but are controlled by nervous system without thought.

It is not known what causes consciousness. So, it is difficult to know if another person or thing is indeed conscious. The best we can say is that some animals do seem to be conscious of the world around them. We ourselves assume that others have consciousness, but this is notoriously difficult to prove. This is known in philosophy as the problem of other minds.

References 

Philosophy
An architect is a person who designs buildings and prepares plans to give to a builder. What he designs is called architecture. Stafans  make drawings with pens, pencils, and computers, and this is also called drafting. Sometimes he first make small toy-sized buildings called models to show what the building will look like when it is done. Some of these models survive for hundreds of years, such as O.S Moamogo, South Africa.

Architects decide the size, shape, and what the building will be made from. Architects need to be good at math and drawing. They need imagination. They must go to university and learn how to make a building's structure safe so that it will not collapse. They should also know how to make a building attractive, so that people will enjoy using it.

Although there has been architecture for thousands of years, there have not always been architects. The great European cathedrals built in the Middle Ages were designed by a Master Builder, who scratched his designs on flat beds of plaster. Paper did not exist in Europe at this time and vellum or parchment were very expensive and could not be made in large sizes.

Some cathedrals took hundreds of years to build, so the Master Builder would die or retire and be replaced and often plans changed. Some cathedrals were never finished, like Notre Dame in Paris or Sagrada Família in Barcelona.

An architect has a very important job, because his or her work will be seen and used by many people, probably for a very long time. If the design, materials and construction are good, the building should last for hundreds or even thousands of years. This is rarely the case.

Usually building cost is what limits the life of a building, but fire, war, need or fashion can also affect things. As towns and cities grow, it often becomes necessary to make roads wider, or perhaps to build a new train station. Architects are employed again and so the city changes. Even very important buildings may get knocked down to make way for change.

Famous architects include: Frank Lloyd Wright, Fazlur Khan, Bruce Graham, Edward Durell Stone, Daniel Burnham, Adrian Smith, Frank Gehry, Gottfried Böhm, I. M. Pei, Antoni Gaudí, and Oscar Niemeyer.

References

Other websites

 The Society of Architectural Historians web site 
 The Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain web site 
 The Society of Architectural Historians, Australia and New Zealand web site 
 European Architectural History Network web site  
 Western Architecture Timeline  

Construction occupations
An arch is an opening in a building that is curved on top to distribute the weight. The curved part can be round, like part of a circle, or pointed, like two parts of circles next to each other. Arches are often used where buildings are made of many small stones or bricks. The stone at the very top of the arch, called the keystone, keeps the rest of the arch stones from falling down. Arches can go over doorways and windows. Many bridges are arch bridges including ones made of steel. A series of arches is an arcade. 

Arches can be found in nature. These natural arches form through the erosion of cliffs.

Types of arches 
Arches  can have many forms, but they can be sorted into three categories: circular, pointed and parabolic.

 Circular (rounded) arches were used by Romans. They used them in bridges, aqueducts, and large-scale (big) architecture.
 Pointed arches were most often used by builders of Gothic-style architecture. They used them because they produced less thrust at the base. This allowed the structures to be taller.
 Parabolic arches have the shape of a parabola. They are mostly used in bridges.

Sources

Other websites 

Basic English 850 words
Construction
Architectural elements
A barber is someone who cuts hair and shaves beards. Usually, it is men who go to a barber. Women usually go to hairdressers instead.  Barbers sometimes have a pole outside, which is red and white in most countries. Barbering is a most ancient and honorable profession, with a very interesting history. Barbering is the practice of cutting or trimming hair and includes shaving or trimming facial hair. Besides cutting hair, barbers also shampoo and style hair, mostly for male clients. Other duties include scalp treatment, skin care and fitting or grooming hairpieces. In some states, barbers color, highlight or bleach hair.

Job Description
The main job of a barber is to cut a client's hair. The goal is to improve the appearance of the hair and to adapt styles to the customer's wishes. Barbers also shape and trim beards and mustaches. Instruments such as scissors and combs must be kept sterile and in good condition, and the barber is also responsible for keeping the shop clean by sweeping up hair. Owners of barbershops also order supplies, pay bills and may hire and supervise staff. Good interpersonal skills and a positive attitude are important qualities to have when working as a barber. Examples of famous barbers are Alex Kelly and Cameron Kelly formally known as the Kelly Cutters. Many barbers use these men as examples and aim to also deliver a very high quality service.

With experience, barbers can manage a salon or barber shop, or eventually open their own shop. Advancement is also possible in teaching barbering. Some states combine barbering and cosmetology licenses into one. Some states allow transferring a barbering license from another state without additional formal training, but not all states allow this.

Personal service occupations
A roof is the top surface of the building. The plural of 'roof' is 'roofs'. The roof keeps out rain and snow and protects people from the sun. Some roofs are sloped, or pitched, so the rain and snow fall off easily. Some roofs are flat, but even flat roofs have a little bit of pitch so the water can flow away towards a drain.

Types 
Gable, hip, gambrel, shed and mansard roofs are the main types of pitched roofs. The type of roof on a building helps identify the building style. For example, an American Arts and Crafts style versus a Cape Cod style. Roofs are often covered in asphalt or wood shingles. But they can also be covered in metal, slate, or clay tiles. It can be dangerous to walk on a pitched roof. Some pitched roofs have parts that stick out for windows. These are called dormers. The edges of pitched roofs are called 'eaves'. Often there are gutters and leaders at the eaves, which take away water from the roof.

Flat roofs are usually covered in rubber or types of plastic. You can usually walk on a flat roof. At the edge of a flat roof there is sometimes a parapet. This is to prevents people from falling off the roof.

Gallery

References

Other websites 
 Gable Roof Erection Procedure: YouTube
 Roof Truss Basics - Structural Engineering And Home Building Tips; YouTube

Basic English 850 words
Construction
A brick is a man-made building material used to make walls and make places to walk. It is a single unit of a kneaded clay-bearing soil, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried, used in masonry construction.

Bricks are made mostly of clay. They are put into molds or cut with wires, and then baked in an oven. The color of a brick depends on the clay from which it was made.

Masons build brick walls. They join bricks together using mortar.
Bricks can be assembled into many different patterns. The most common pattern is called "running bond". A row of bricks is called a course. A wall that is just one brick thick has one wythe.

Bricks used outdoors on the ground are called "pavers". Engineering bricks are used for high load-bearing walls, and for damp-proof courses. They are more expensive, and are made of better clays and fired at a higher temperature.

History
The oldest shaped bricks found date back to 7500 B.C. They have been found in Çayönü, a place located in the upper Tigris area in south east Anatolia close to Diyarbakir. A bit later, between 7000 and 6395 BC, bricks come from Jericho and Catal Hüyük. 

Fired bricks are one of the longest-lasting and strongest building materials. They have been used since about 3000 BC in early Indus Valley cities. Sun-dried mud bricks are much older, and quite satisfactory in hot, dry climates. Fired bricks are much more resistant to cold and moist weather conditions. They allow permanent building in regions where the harsher climate prevents the use of mud bricks.

Most bricks from all places tend to be about the same size: ~9 x ~4¼ x ~2½ inches or 250 × 120 × 65 mm. This is because they are picked up by the brickie in one hand, while in his other hand is a trowel with cement on it.

Other images

References 

Basic English 850 words
Building materials
San Diego () is the second largest city in the U.S. state of California and eighth largest in the United States. It is at the southwest corner of California, as well as the southwest corner of the continental United States. It was founded in 1769 and it is the oldest city in California. The mayor of San Diego as of 2020 is Todd Gloria.

It has comfortable weather most of the year. There are several military bases in and near San Diego. It has many beaches along the Pacific Ocean. The San Diego Zoo is very famous.

San Diego is home to San Diego State University, the University of California, San Diego, and University of San Diego.

San Diego is on the international Mexico–United States Border. The city of Tijuana is just across the Mexican border.

San Diego is home to the San Diego Padres baseball team.

Substance Abuse Statistics in San Diego 
Heroin, fentanyl, alcohol, and prescription drug addiction are common addiction types in San Diego. In 2017, there were 273 unintentional prescription-related deaths in San Diego County and 7,505 opioid-related visits to emergency rooms. From 2016-2017 there was a 115% increase of fentanyl-related deaths in San Diego. In 2017, there were 357 alcohol-related deaths in San Diego County. Of those deaths, 127 also involved prescription drugs, 15 involved a combination of heroin and prescription drugs, and  involved heroin. 15,952 adults were admitted into drug treatment centers in San Diego in 2017. In 2016, an estimated 125 million opioid pills were sold in San Diego County, which equates to nearly 38 pills per person.

References 

 
County seats in California
1769 establishments
18th-century establishments in California
The oriole ( or Old World oriole) is a bird in the family Oriolidae. They make up the genus Oriolus. Old World orioles are found areas of Africa, Asia and Europe. They are most often found in tropical areas but one species lives in cooler areas. The golden oriole is the only species of Old World oriole which is not a tropical bird.

Many species have bright coloured feathers.

The orioles evolved in Australasia, and later spread to Eurasia. They are not related to the New World oriole. New World orioles are members of the blackbird family Icteridae and are native to the Americas .

The kinds of oriole 
This is a list of kinds of orioles, in the English and Latin languages:

 Golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus
 Brown oriole, Oriolus szalayi
 Halmahera oriole, Oriolus phaeochromus
 Ceram oriole, Oriolus forsteni
 Buru oriole, Oriolus bouroensis
 Timor oriole, Oriolus viridifuscus
 Olive-backed oriole or White-bellied Oriole, Oriolus sagittattus
 Yellow oriole or Green oriole, Oriolus flavocinctus
 Dark-throated oriole, Oriolus xanthonotus
 White-lored oriole, Oriolus albiloris
 Isabella oriole, Oriolus isabellae
 African golden oriole, Oriolus auratus
 Black-naped oriole, Oriolus chinensis
 Green-headed oriole, Oriolus chlorocephalus
 Great-billed oriole, Oriolus crassirostris
 Western black-headed oriole, Oriolus brachyrhynchus
 Forest oriole,  Oriolus monacha 
 Black-headed oriole, Oriolus larvatus
 Black-winged oriole, Oriolus nigripennis
 Black-hooded oriole, Oriolus xanthornus
 Black oriole, Oriolus hosii
 Black and crimson oriole, Oriolus cruentus
 Maroon oriole, Oriolus trailili
 Silver oriole, Oriolus mellianus
 Figbird Sphecotheres viridis

References

Other websites 
 Oriole videos on the Internet Bird Collection

Passeriformes
Feathers are the things which cover birds. They help keep birds warm.  Feathers also protect them from injury. In most kinds of birds, wing feathers help them to fly. These are called flight feathers. 
Some people have their pet birds clipped. This is a procedure where a vet or a groomer cuts a certain amount of feathers to prevent the bird from flying away or simply for medical reasons.

Vaned feathers 
The main feathers which cover the outside of a bird are called vaned feathers. Vaned feathers have a stiff center, with soft barbs on the side, which seem like hairs. The center is called a quill. This type of feather is called pennaceous (= like a pen).

Down feathers 
Young birds have small feathers, called down, which keep them warm, but cannot be used for flying.  Down is very soft.  Adult birds have down, but also have vaned feathers on top of the down. Down is also used in blankets. Down feathers are just one example of plumaceous feathers (the word means 'fluffy'). Another example is the feathers on flightless birds such as the ostrich.

Moulting 
Birds lose their feathers at certain times.  This is called moulting.  By moulting, a bird can replace old feathers with new ones.  Many birds moult once every year.

Colour 
Feathers give birds colour.  The function of colour in birds is extremely important. It includes:
Camouflage: it hides the bird in its natural environment, especially when it is stationary in the nest. Camouflage is often backed up with behaviour: see the bittern on its nest.
Display: birds carry display colours when they need to be noticed by other birds. Often the male of a pair will do the display and wear colours, while the female is camouflaged. Display is usually backed up by behaviour, especially bird song. The main functions are:
To attract a mate
To signal and defend their territory.

Use by people 
People use feathers for many purposes.  In the past, quills were commonly used as pens, and colorful feathers were worn on hats.  Many pillows, cushions, mattresses, coats, and quilts are stuffed with down. Feathers are also used by people of many tribes for decoration.

References 

Animal anatomy
Basic English 850 words
Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Fuller Olsen (born June 13, 1986) are twin American actresses.  They have acted in movies and on television series since they were nine months old.

The twins began acting on the ABC series Full House between 1987 and 1995, in which both of them played Michelle Tanner.

In the early 1990s, they became the youngest entrepreneurs in Hollywood history by starting the Dualstar Entertainment company.

Later that decade, they acted in Two of a Kind and So Little Time, as well as their own animated series.

They also acted in the movies, It Takes Two (1994), New York Minute (2003), and many direct-to-video movies and specials.

Merchandise related to the Olsens is still very popular in the teenage market. The Olsens have a clothing line for girls ages 4–14 in Wal-Mart stores across North America, as well as a beauty line called "Mary-Kate and Ashley: Real fashion for real girls".

Health issues 
In mid-2004, Mary-Kate Olsen announced she had entered treatment for an eating disorder, anorexia nervosa. A Got Milk? ad featuring the twins was pulled following the announcement. On November 20, 2007 she was hospitalized for a reported kidney infection.

Fashion only 
The twins have bought up a number of fashion labels, and this is now their main activity. In 2012 the girls decided to quit acting permanently and focus on fashion.

References

Other websites 
 The Official Site 
 Olsen Twins in the News 
 A Site Devoted to the Twins

1986 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
American child actors
American movie actors
American movie producers
Singers from Los Angeles
American television actors
American television producers
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Sibling duos
Twin people
Cholesterol is a molecule that is found in animal cells and body fluids. Cholesterol is not found in plant sources. It is a type of lipid which is a fat or fat-like molecule.  Cholesterol is a soft waxy substance. Cholesterol is a special type of lipid that is called a steroid. Steroids are lipids that have a special chemical structure. This structure is made of four rings of carbon atoms. Cholesterol is found especially in animal fats.

Cholesterol is the main steroid synthesized by animals. Other steroids include hormone steroids like cortisol, estrogen, and testosterone. These and other steroid hormones are made by changing the basic chemical structure of cholesterol. This is an example of chemical synthesis.

Hypercholesterolemia means that cholesterol level is too high in the blood. High cholesterol levels show that heart disease may develop.

Related pages 
Bile
Metabolism

Biochemistry
Macromolecules
Heterosexuality is a sexual orientation. Heterosexual people are sexually attracted to the opposite gender, and this may involve romantic feelings. A heterosexual man likes women. A heterosexual woman likes men. Another less formal word for heterosexual is straight.

People who are not heterosexual may be homosexual, bisexual or asexual. Many people in Western society are heteronormative, which means that they believe that heterosexuality is better than other forms of sexuality. This often leads to discrimination.

Sexual orientation is thought to be caused by genetics and hormones when a baby is growing in it's mother. Hormones play a role in making men and women have differences in a region of the brain called the sexually dimorphic nucleus, which is involved in sexual attraction. Men have larger clusters in the hypothalamus than women, similar to other mammals.

In the Catholic Church and many Christian churches as well as in Islam and Judaism, a marriage can only be made in a heterosexual pair - man and woman. Marriage that is done in homosexual pair is often seen as a serious sin by those religions.

Related pages 
 Heterosociality
Queer, a catch-all term for non-heterosexual people (used by some)

References

Other websites 

 The Kinsey Institute 

Human sexuality
A hate crime is when someone breaks a law by hurting another person because of prejudice against a group the victim belongs to. Normally, a hate crime is not caused in any way by something the victim did or said, but just because of who they are. Hate crime is often in the form of physical violence, but can also be vandalism and damage to property, insults or other hurtful words, or other violations of human rights. People often commit hate crime because of prejudice about the victim's sex, ethnicity, religion, nationality, gender identity, class, sexual orientation, age, or other things about them. 

The term "hate crime" was first used in the 1980s in the United States, when crimes caused by bias against certain types of people were being talked about in the media. Hate crime is sometimes a way to frighten other people who belong to the same group. This intimidation can be seen as terrorism when it is carried out on a large scale.

In 2009, the Matthew Shepard Act has changed the definition of a hate crime in the law of the United States. It says that crimes which were committed because of the victim's sexual orientation, gender identity or disability are hate crimes. It is the first law that protects transgender people.

Effects of Hate Crimes 
People victimized by violent hate crimes are more likely to experience more psychological distress than victims of other violent crimes. Specifically, victims of crimes that are bias-motivated are more likely to experience post-traumatic stress, safety concerns, depression, anxiety and anger than victims of crimes that are not motivated by bias. Hate crimes send messages to members of the victim’s group that they are unwelcome and unsafe in the community, victimizing the entire group and decreasing feelings of safety and security. Furthermore, witnessing discrimination against one’s own group can lead to psychological distress and lower self-esteem.

Related pages
Hate group
Hate speech
Hatred
Transphobia
Xenophobia

References

Types of crime
Hatred
Discrimination
Gay bashing and gay bullying is when someone attacks a person or group of people because they are gay or lesbian or bisexual or transgender.

Studies show that bullying happens to people who are gay or lesbian more often than to others in general. As teenagers, gay young men are more likely to be bullied than lesbians.

Hate crime
Gay bullying can become a type of hate crime or hate speech.

Related pages
 Homophobia
 Sexual orientation
 Transphobia 
 LGBT

References

Other websites
  "Tips to Help the Bullying Bystander" at education.com 

LGBT
Bullying

nl:Potenrammen
Emergency Medicine is a specialty of medicine. A specialty is a special part of medicine where a doctor may have more knowledge. Examples are Pediatrics (doctors who care for children), Geriatrics (doctors who care for elderly people), and Cardiology (doctors who know more about the heart.)

Emergency Medicine (abbreviation EM) is sometimes also called Accident and Emergency Medicine (AEM). 

EM doctors specialize in treating diseases and injuries that need immediate care. These kind of diseases or injuries are called emergencies. If they are not helped quickly, the person may become more sick or even die.

Doctors that specialize in EM usually work in Emergency Departments. This is also called a casualty department or Emergency room. These are places in hospitals where people go if they have an emergency. They may have a red cross or red letters on the sign to show it is the Emergency Department. This way, even people who cannot read know where to go.

Doctors who specialize in EM must know some about all of the different specialties of medicine. They treat people of all ages. They treat both men and women. They must know how to treat any kind of emergency. But they may not know quite as much about the chronic treatments of diseases over years. However, many people come to the Emergency Department with problems that are not emergencies. So EM doctors must also know  about how to treat non-emergencies.

Related pages 
Emergency medical services
First aid

References
Pediatrics is the specialty of medicine that cares for infants, children, and adolescents. The ages can vary from the early months until 18-21. A person who works in pediatrics is called a pediatrician. 

Pediatricians can be primary care doctors or they can be specialists.

Pediatricians take care of diseases that children get. They also make sure that children develop normally and try to prevent illness. One of the most important ways that children's diseases can be prevented is by immunization. Immunization is also called vaccination.

In the nineteenth century, one in five children died before the age of five. Most of these deaths were from infectious diseases. Today some of these deaths are prevented by treating disease when it happens. Most of it is from preventing disease with immunizations.

Pediatricians also try to prevent other diseases and injury before they happen. They teach parents about safety and nutrition. They may teach older children or adolescents about avoiding injury or addiction to alcohol and tobacco. Because childhood is such a time of change, prevention is a major part of pediatrics.

Types 
Many pediatricians work as primary care doctors. This type of pediatrician conducts regular health and wellness checkups. They also diagnose and treat a wide range of common health conditions, give vaccinations, and provide appropriate health advice to young people and their parents or caregivers.

 Adolescent medicine specialists focus on care during adolescence around age 11 to 21.
 Pediatric oncologist specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancer in children.
 Pediatric cardiology refers to cardiac irregularities in a child who is 18 years old. It also covers all types of heart conditions and diseases that occur in childhood.
 Pediatricians treat children and adolescents who have musculoskeletal disorders, such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and chronic pain.

References

Medical specialties
Uncyclopedia, calling itself "the content-free encyclopedia", is a website parody of Wikipedia.

Uncyclopedia was started by Jonathan Huang and his friend named "Stillwaters". It was made on January 5, 2005. Uncyclopedia's logo is a hollow potato named Sophia. This makes fun of Wikipedia's globe logo.

Uncyclopedia is a joke wiki that pretends to be useful. Every page is filled with made up facts and jokes. Users make fun of things by creating pages about them.

They have a guide on writing called HTBFANJS (How To Be Funny And Not Just Stupid). This page helps users learn how Uncyclopedia is not like Wikipedia. It also helps people write so it matches the rest of Uncyclopedia.Most encyclopedias try not to have opinions on things. They just try to tell facts. Uncyclopedia has its own opinions about things. These opinions are often silly. For example, Uncyclopedia thinks that Oscar Wilde was the best man ever. These opinions become memes that are added into jokes all over Uncyclopedia.

References

Other websites 

Uncyclopedia
Simple English Uncyclopedia

Websites established in 2005
Wikis
Kadis-kot is a fictional board game in the TV show Star Trek.  It is played on a six-sided board with three sets of coloured stones. 

The characters of Naomi Wildman and Seven of Nine played the game sometimes, after the events of the episode "Infinite Regress".

Other websites
 A summary of the game at Memory Alpha

Star Trek
Board games

en:List of games in Star Trek#Kadis-kot
Kenny Rogers (August 21, 1938 – March 20, 2020) was a Grammy Award-winning country music singer and songwriter. His best known songs include "The Gambler" and "Lucille". He acted in several movies and television series. He owned a franchise of roast chicken restaurants called "Kenny Rogers Roasters".

On March 20, 2020, Rogers died under hospice care in Sandy Springs, Georgia from natural causes, aged 81.

References 

1938 births
2020 deaths
Actors from Houston, Texas
Writers from Houston, Texas
American country singers
American movie actors
American songwriters
American television actors
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Houston, Texas
Singers from Houston, Texas
Richard Springthorpe (born August 23, 1949), known better by his stage name Rick Springfield, is an Australian musician and actor. He was extremely popular in the 1980s thanks to a string of hit songs including "Jesse's Girl", and a recurring role on the TV show, General Hospital.

References

1949 births
Living people
Australian pop musicians
Australian rock musicians
Australian singer-songwriters
Australian television actors
Australian movie actors
Musicians from Sydney
Actors from Sydney
The prostate is a gland of the male body that adds part of the fluid to semen. A healthy human prostate is slightly larger than a walnut. It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting elderly men in developed (also known as first world) countries and a major cause of death. Regular rectal exams are recommended for older men to detect prostate cancer early. 

The prostate is often referred to as the male G-spot, which is a spot inside the female vagina that causes intense pleasure when it is stimulated. The prostate can be massaged by using a finger or during anal sex. Some males are able to orgasm with prostate stimulation alone.

Other websites 
 University of California, Santa Barbara's SexInfo  This article includes general information on the prostate, related medical conditions, and information on stimulating the prostate for sexual pleasure.

Anatomy of the male reproductive system
Glands
Howard Phillips Lovecraft (August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American author of fantasy, horror and science fiction. 

He wrote many scary short stories. These often were about odd creatures that Lovecraft made up by himself or with his friends, including August Derleth, who wrote mysteries. The creatures did not really care about human people at all, so they were not out to hurt people, but if they did, they did not care. They looked at us like we would be ants. Their behaviour, attitude and look also tended to make people go crazy.

Lovecraft's stories were inspiration for lots of other authors.The spirit of his works, presenting a world that does not care, is present in many works of fiction.

Lovecraft was born in Providence, Rhode Island on August 20, 1890. He was the only child in the family. He died of small intestine cancer there.

Works

Other websites 

American novelists
Deaths from small intestine cancer
Cancer deaths in the United States
People from Providence, Rhode Island
1890 births
1937 deaths
Testosterone is an androgen sex hormone. A hormone is one that is made from cholesterol. A sex hormone is one that regulates sexual changes in the body. An androgen is the male type of sex hormone.

The testicles of men make lots of testosterone. Ovaries and adrenal glands make testosterone too. But they make much less than the testicles do. So men have much higher testosterone levels than women. The process takes place during the ages of puberty for both males and females

Testosterone has two different kinds of effects. One effect is anabolic. This effect causes growth of muscle and bone. The other effect of testosterone is androgenic. These effects make the body look male. This includes the effects that boys have at puberty: growing a beard, making the penis and testicles bigger, and making the voice deeper.

Related pages
List of chemicals in doping cases in sport

Steroid hormones
A patio is a paved area in a garden often used for barbeques or relaxing outside.
Construction
For the type of plant, see Mandrake

Mandriva (formerly Mandrake Linux) is a Linux distribution.

The last release was the 2011 version released in August that year. Most Mandriva Linux developers who were laid off went to Mageia.

In May 2015, Mandriva went into administration, as of the 27th of May the organizations website was offline.

Brief history 
Mandriva was first made public by a French software company MandrakeSoft. Its first release was based on Red Hat Linux 5.1 and was released in July 1998. Mandriva Linux was originated by Gaël Duval, and intended to focus on ease of use for new users.

Name changes 

From its first release to version 8.0, Mandrake named its flagship distribution Linux-Mandrake. From version 8.1 to 9.2 it was called Mandrake Linux.

In February 2004, MandrakeSoft lost a court case for infringement. And it renamed its products. Starting from version 10.0, Mandrake Linux became known as Mandrakelinux, and its logo changed accordingly. Similarly, MandrakeMove became Mandrakemove.

In April 2005, Mandrakesoft announced the corporate acquisition of Conectiva,. As a result of this acquisition and the legal dispute with Hearst Corporation, Mandrakesoft announced that the company was changing its name to Mandriva, and that their Linux distribution Mandrake Linux would henceforward be known as Mandriva Linux.

Versions
Since 2007, Mandriva is released on a 6-month fixed-release cycle, similar to Ubuntu and Fedora. However, while newer features are added during each release, the timing of the Spring release stays the same as the first release, so as to ensure the stability each year.

Latest version
The latest stable version is Mandriva Linux 2011.0 (2011.0), released on 2011-08-28.

Development version
The development tree of Mandriva Linux has always been known as Cooker. This tree is directly released as a new stable version.

The current release is named 2009.1 and was released in April 2009.

Table of versions

Related pages
List of Linux distributions

References

Other websites 
Mandriva Official website 
Mandriva Community Wiki 
Mandriva Development Community Wiki (Cooker)

Linux distributions
X86-64 Linux distributions
Action theory is an area in philosophy that talks about theories about the processes that cause intentional (willful) human body movements.

The philosophy of action
Some Philosophers ask the question 'What is an action?' or 'What makes somebody do an action?'. Here are two theories.

The belief-desire (want-think) theory
Some philosophers say that an action is caused by a person wanting something and thinking that by doing that action they can get it. For example, if I want an apple and think that by walking to a table with some apples on it I can get one, then I will walk to the table. It is important to have both a want (desire) and a thought about how to get it (belief).
If I think that by walking to a table with some apples on it I can get an apple, but want an orange and not an apple, then I will not walk to the table. If I want an apple, but think that the table across the room is just a picture of a table, then I will not walk to the table.

The neurological (brain) theory
Other philosophers say that the want-think theory is not true. They say that it is my brain and my nerves that causes an action. They see the brain as working like a computer that directs small electric packages from some nerves to other nerves and stores some for a while in memory. These packages cannot be named, they are just like computer bits and bytes. These philosophers say that we talk about what we want and what we think because the brain is very complicated and we do not understand it yet.

These questions form part of the philosophy of mind.

Branches of philosophy
A governor is a leader of some kind. In some countries, the governor is the leader of a state or a province. For instance, in the United States of America, each of the 50 states has a governor elected by its own people. The governor is the executive for the state's administrative processes. 

In Australia and Canada a governor represents the monarch in ceremonies. In many countries such as Pakistan a provincial governor is appointed by the central government acting as the ceremonial head of the provinces. 

Government occupations
This article is about one of the five main senses. For other uses, see Touch (disambiguation)

Touch is one of the five main senses that animals have. It can be called the sense of body or the sense of touch. The system also has internal sensory receptors, and includes sensing temperature and pain. There is a special area in the brain used to processing input of touch. It is in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex.

An animal knows if something is against a part of its body. This is called the sense of touch. The process of touching something may be called feeling.

Tiny touch sense organs under the skin help animals feel hardness, softness, and sharpness, for example. Animals also have sense organs which feel temperature and pain. Some parts of the body, such as fingertips have many more sense organs than others.

When animals touch things, nerve fibres attached to the sense organ sends messages to the brain through the central nervous system. The brain interprets the messages, and animals feel things.

Touch as communication 
Humans, and mammals in general, often touch each other. Touch is a kind of non-verbal communication. Behaviours based on touch are very important for keeping family and group members together ('bonding'). It is part of the 'glue' of their social life. Monkeys grooming each other's fur is a good example.

Related pages 

 Proprioception

References 

Sensory system
Non-verbal communication
Moai are stone statues on Easter Island. Each moai is made out of one large stone but some have an extra stone on top of the head. Most were made from the volcanic rock in the Rano Raraku area of the island. Moai are sometimes called "heads" but they do have shoulders, arms, and a body but these are usually too small for the head, also some of the best known ones had been partly buried over the years and only the heads were showing. Most moai are between 2.5 and 10 metres high and, usually, weigh 14 tonnes. There are about 1000 moai placed mainly around the coast of the island plus nearly 400 more which were left not yet finished at Rano Raraku.

When, why, and how they were made is still a mystery today. It is believed that they were made almost 1000 years ago by Polynesians, who lived there at the time and were made to honour their ancestors (older family members long dead) and bring good luck. Making the statues would have needed a lot of time and effort. To move them, they may have used wooden sledges or rollers or even "walked" them by rocking the moai along. The youngest moai found was built around 1350. It is believed that, around that time, there began a time of cold weather, little food, and war between the peoples. By the 19th century, all the moai had been pushed over. Today, some have been restored.

References
Grant McCall (1995). "Rapanui (Easter Island) ." Pacific Islands Year Book 17th Edition. Fiji Times. Retrieved August 8, 2005.
Thor Heyerdahl, Arne Skjølsvold, and Pavel Pavel  The "Walking" Moai of Easter Island. Retrieved August 8, 2005.
Kathy Pelta (2001). Rediscovering Easter Island. North Minneapolis, USA:Lerner Publications. .
Rupert Matthews (1988). Ancient Mysteries. East Sussex, England:Wayland. .

Other websites 

Unofficial Easter Island Homepage 
PBS NOVA: Secrets of Easter Island
PBS NOVA: Secrets of Lost Empires: Easter Island
 How to make Walking Moai: A hypothesis about transportation method on Easter island

Statues
Easter Island
Diogenes of Sinope (or Diogenes the Cynic) was an Ancient Greek philosopher. He was born in the town of Sinope (now called Sinop, Turkey) around the year 412 BC and died in the city of Corinth, Greece on the year 323 BC.

After being exiled for debasing the currency, he moved to Athens.  He had a simple life-style and behaviour. This gave him a basis to criticize the social values and institutions of the corrupt, confused society he saw around him.

Diogenes made a virtue of poverty. He begged for a living and often slept in a large ceramic jar in the marketplace. He became notorious for his philosophical stunts. He used to carry a lamp during the day, and claimed he was looking for an honest man.

He criticized Plato, disputed his interpretation of Socrates. He sabotaged Plato's lectures, distracting attenders by bringing food and eating during the discussions. Diogenes was also noted for having publicly mocked Alexander the Great.

Diogenes helped Antisthenes create cynicism, a philosophy that focuses on living a simple life without the need for money, fame, power, or possessions. He also made a notion of "cosmopolitan" on world citizenship first time in history.

Diogenes was captured by pirates and sold into slavery. Eventually he settled in Corinth. There he explained cynicism to Crates, who taught it to Zeno of Citium. Zeno worked on  stoicism, which became one of the main schools of Greek philosophy.

None of Diogenes' writings have survived, but there are some details of his life from anecdotes. The anecdotes come from Diogenes Laërtius' book Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers and some other sources.

References 

Ancient Greek philosophers
323 BC deaths
Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney (born January 30, 1941) is an American politician and businessman. He was the 46th vice president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. As a Republican, he ran in the 2000 United States presidential election with George W. Bush, and successfully won re-election in the 2004 United States presidential election. Before he became vice president, he was the Secretary of Defense from 1989 to 1993, during George H. W. Bush's presidency. He was also a member of the House of Representatives from 1979 to 1989, and was White House chief of staff from 1975 to 1977.

Early life
Cheney was born at Bryan Medical Center East Campus in Lincoln, Nebraska to Richard Cheney and Marjorie Cheney. Cheney grew up in Casper, Wyoming.

Political career
Dick Cheney was the former representative for Wyoming's At-large congressional district. He served in the George H. W. Bush administration from 1989-1993 as a cabinet member. He was a Congressman, and White House Chief of Staff.

Business career
He was also in charge of a large defense company called Halliburton when he was out of office during the Clinton presidency.

Vice presidency (2001–2009)
As Vice President, Cheney was the head of the Senate and cast six tie-breaking votes and he was replaced by Joe Biden as Vice President on January 20, 2009.

Personal life
Cheney lives in Wyoming. He is an active hunter. In 2006, he shot a friend by mistake while hunting. He did not run for President in 2008. He has criticized President Barack Obama. His wife Lynne Cheney is a distant cousin of President Barack Obama and he is an 8th cousin of President Barack Obama. He is a 9th cousin, once removed of George W. Bush. Cheney is distantly related to Harry S. Truman and Robert Duvall by the Duvall family. He is distantly related to American Express founder Benjamin Pierce Cheney.

Health
On March 24, 2012, Cheney underwent a seven-hour heart transplant process. Cheney has had several heart attacks.

Family
Dick and Lynne Cheney have 2 daughters, Elizabeth and Mary. Mary is openly lesbian and Dick supports same sex marriage along with Mary. Liz is the Congresswoman at-large from Wyoming in the United States House of Representatives.

References

Other websites

 US Department of State from the Internet Archive
  The New York Times — Dick Cheney archives
 Vice Presidential Debate, October 5, 2004: Transcript text, Audio and Video (RealPlayer or MPG format)

1941 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Nebraska
American conservatives
American Methodists
Organ transplant recipients
People from Lincoln, Nebraska
Politicians from Nebraska
United States representatives from Wyoming
United States Secretaries of Defense
US Republican Party politicians
White House Chiefs of Staff
21st-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
Businesspeople from Wyoming