cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A movie theater or movie theatre, is a place where movies are shown on a big screen. People or "patrons" (the audience) watch movies, usually in chairs inside an auditorium. The movie is projected with a movie projector onto a large projection screen at the front of the auditorium while the dialogue, sounds and music are played through a number of wall-mounted speakers. A movie theatre is sometimes called a cinema. A theatre with multiple screens commonly is called a "multi-plex" or "mega-plex" (if more than 10 screens). Movie theatres have comfortable chairs. There are different types of formats of a movie theatre.

The first movie theatre was opened to the public on April 23, 1896, in Koster and Bial's Music Hall on 34th Street in New York City. The oldest movie theatre in the world, which is still in action today is the Kino Pionier (opened 1907) in Szczecin, Poland. Movie theatres make money from not only movie tickets but from concessions which sell food and drinks (popcorn, candy, soft drinks, etc.). In recent years with the increase of movie rental costs, theatres have become more and more creative about how they make money. New theatres being built include restaurants, party rooms, conference rooms, arcades and more.

Movie industry
Events 
 April 5 – Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War.
 June 3 – Louis XIV of France crowned at Rheims
 June 6 – Charles X succeeds his cousin Christina to the Swedish throne. After her abdication on June 5, Christina now the former reigning queen of a Protestant nation, secretly converts to Catholicism.
 September 3 – In the Rump Parliament, the republican party questions Cromwell's pre-eminence
 September 12 – Oliver Cromwell orders the exclusion of the members of Parliament who are hostile to him.
 October 12 – Carel Fabritius, the most promising student of Rembrandt, dies aged 32 in an explosion at the arsenal at Delft. The Delft Explosion devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100.
 October 31 – Ferdinand Maria, elector of Bavaria is crowned. His absolutistic style of leadership becomes a benchmark for the rest of Germany
 November 23 – French mathematician, scientist, and religious philosopher Blaise Pascal experiences an intense mystical vision that marks him for life.
 Death of An Calbhach mac Aodha O Conchobhair Donn, last inaugurated King of Connacht (inaugurated 1643
 Twenty-three Jewish refugees from Brazil settle in New Amsterdam, forming the nucleus of what would be the largest urban Jewish community in history, the Jewish community of New York City.
The Ukrainian Bogdan Chmielnicki renounces Ukrainian independence and swears allegiance to Tsar Alexis of Russia
The Russian Army seizes Smolensk, and war starts between Russia and Poland over Ukraine
 Otto von Guericke proves the existence of atmospheric pressure
The North Avenue Irregulars is a 1979 movie starring Edward Hermann, Ruth Buzzi, Steven Franken, and Cliff Osmond.

Plot 

The movie is about a newly installed minister, who entrusts, despite objections by the founding pastors daughter, the churches "sinking fund" money into the hands of a congregate whom he does not even know, with instructions to increase the amount in the fund.

The money is bet on a horse race, and upon hearing this, the Pastor gives the shortest sermon in history and begins a pursuit of the money and the organized crime syndicate, amid the hijinx of assorted feminine members of the congregation in a pursuit of the "money trail".

1979 comedy movies
English-language movies
The Scramble for Africa, also called the Race for Africa was a time in History when there was a large amount of colonial expansion in Africa. It lasted from the 1880s until the start of World War I. Many European countries started colonies in Africa during this time.  This is an example of New Imperialism.  The last half of the 19th century saw a change in the way countries controlled their colonies.  They changed from economic control through mass settlement, to political and military control of the colony's resources This was seen in the fight for the areas that were controlled by European nations. 

Many people became famous for helping European countries find more land in Africa, These people included the explorers David Livingston, Henry Morton Stanley, and Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza as well as the French politician Jules Ferry.

The Berlin Conference (1884 - 1885) tried to end disputes between the United Kingdom, the French Third Republic, the German Empire, and other European countries. They agreed that "effective occupation" would be the rule for colonial claims. Laws were made for using direct rule on a colony, backed up by military power.

Other reading 
 Maria Petringa, Brazza, A Life for Africa  (2006)  

19th century in Africa
20th century in Africa
Colonialism
History of Africa
Events 
 Leipzig becomes a city.
 England starts to take over Ireland.

Births 
 Pope Innocent III
 Emperor Takakura of Japan
 Genghis Khan, leader and founder of the Mongol Empire

Deaths 
 Eric IX of Sweden
 Emperor Qinzong of China
 Theobald of Bec, Archbishop of Canterbury

Leaders 
 Theobald of Bec, Archbishop of Canterbury (1138–1161)
 Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury (1162–1170)

1160s
A game show is a reality television program where people play a game for points, with the goal of winning money or prizes.  Different game shows use different games.  Most test the players' knowledge, skill, or cleverness.  Many game shows incorporate some element of chance; for example, in Wheel of Fortune, contestants spin a wheel to determine how much prize money they will get for a correct letter.   

Some game shows have the contestants compete against other individual contestants; other game shows group contestants into teams.  Some game shows have regular people as the contestants.  Other game shows have celebrities such as movie actors or musicians as the contestants.   

Many game shows air on the Game Show Network. 

The first game shows were on radio.

Prizes 
Game shows often reward people with money, holidays, or cars. These prizes are often given by the people or group of people that give the game show money to run. The people who give the game show money to run are called sponsors.

Examples 
Examples of game shows include:  

 Press Your Luck (1983-1986)
 Jeopardy! (1964)
 Wheel of Fortune (1973)
 Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (1999)
 Match Game (1962-1982)
 Family Feud (1976)
 Blockbusters
 The Price is Right (1972)
 The Weakest Link (2000)
 Card Sharks
 Deal or No Deal (2005)
 Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? (2007) 

Games

Television genres
São Paulo (Portuguese: Saint Paul) is a state in the Southeast Region of Brazil. Its capital city is called São Paulo too.

Geography and economy 
São Paulo is located in the south-east region of Brazil, with close to 248,000 square kilometers of area. (For comparison, Oregon State in the United States of America has 251,000 square miles).

It borders the state of Minas Gerais to the north, the state of Rio de Janeiro and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the state of Paraná to the south and state of Mato Grosso do Sul to the west.

The capital of São Paulo is the city of São Paulo.

São Paulo is the state in Brazil with the highest economical output.

It has the second highest per capita income of Brazil, second only to the Federal District, where Brasília is located.

With the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul it shares the highest standard of living in Brazil, despite of pockets of blight poverty in its largest cities.

The robust economy of São Paulo is based in industrial production, to include automobile and aviation, agriculture, services and tourism.

Demographics 
São Paulo is the Brazilian state with the largest population and also is the most ethnically diverse.

Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, Arab, Asian and other descents chose São Paulo as their home, due to its thriving economy.

Also migrants from other Brazilian states (especially from the Northeast Region) come to São Paulo in search of a better life. Because there are not enough jobs, these people usually want to back to their states.

Transportation 
São Paulo is the state in Brazil with the largest and most efficient  transportation system.

The city of São Paulo relies on underground train and also suburban at-grade rail systems. City buses complement the public transportation system.

Air traffic is the busiest of all Brazil.

Harbors along the state's ocean front receive and ship a great share of Brazil's export and import goods.

Sports 
São Paulo is a vibrant place when it comes to sports. Football (soccer) is king but the state has human resources and facilities to produce some of the best athletes in the world in many other fields.

The state has many professional soccer clubs but also volleyball has found a niche here.

Auto racing is a staple of the paulista's way of life. The state has produced several racing drivers that have attained international fame.

Main cities 
São Paulo, Campinas, Guarulhos, Osasco, Ribeirão Preto, Santo André, Santos, São Bernardo do Campo, São Carlos, São José dos Campos and Sorocaba.

References

Other websites 
 
 Official site (Portuguese)

 
States of Brazil
A trolley is a small vehicle with wheels that can carry things.  People can push trolleys.

There are different kind of trolleys.  There are shopping trolleys which are used in supermarkets and other large stores with self-service.  In American English these are called shopping carts.  Customers can put things they want to buy in the trolley and then pay for everything at the checkout.  Usually they are then allowed to wheel the trolley with the things they have bought out to their car.

Sometimes the customers have to pay a small deposit when collecting a trolley.  The trolleys are chained together.  The customer puts in a coin (in Britain a £1 coin) which he can have back again when he parks the trolley back in the trolley chain.

Trolleys are used in airports and some large railway stations for passengers to carry their luggage.  Deposits are not refundable. 

A trolley can also be a tea-trolley.  This is a small trolley used traditionally in the house for plates, cups, saucers and sandwiches and cakes for afternoon tea.  Tea-trolleys are also used in hospitals and offices to take cups of tea and coffee to people.

In American English "trolley" can be used to mean a tram (or streetcar).  This is not to be confused with a trolleybus which is a bus which uses electricity from an overhead cable (like a tram).

Land vehicles
The urethra is a tube that connects the bladder to the outside of the body. It allows people and animals to remove urine from the body. People and animals control urination using the urethral sphincter.

The urethra is part of the urinary system in mammals. Because humans are mammals, they have urethras. In male mammals, the urethra is also a part of the reproductive system, because males use it as a tube for sperm during sex.

Human anatomy 
In human anatomy, men have longer urethras than women. This means that women have bladder infections more often, because their bladders are closer to the outside. Because the male urethra is longer and is not straight, inserting a catheter (tube to help urination) is more difficult in men.

In women, the urethra is 3-4 cm (1.5 in) long. Its opening to the outside of the body is part of the vulva (the area between a woman's legs). The female urethra is between the clitoris and the opening to the vagina. Men's urethra goes through their penis, but in women it is not in the clitoris.

In men, the urethra is about 20 cm (8 in) long and its opening to the outside of the body is at the end of the penis.
The male urethra has three sections:
The prostatic urethra crosses the prostate gland. The vas deferens also opens into the urethra in this section.
The membranous urethra is a short section that goes through the urethral sphincter. It is 1 or 2 cm long, and is the narrowest (least wide) part of the urethra.
The spongy or penile urethra goes through the penis on its lower side. This section is 15-16 cm (6 in) long and goes through the corpus spongiosum.

Medical problems 
 Urethritis is infection of the urethra. It often pain when urinating.
 Urethral syndrome is related to urethritis.
 Kidney stones that go through the urethra can be painful.

Medical procedures 
To send a tube up the urethra to help drain urine is a common type of catheterization.
To send a tube up the urethra to see the inside of the bladder is called cystoscopy.

Anatomy of the urinary system
Anatomy of the male reproductive system
Stanisław Herman Lem () (September 12, 1921 – March 27, 2006) was a Polish science fiction writer. His writings are highly philosophical and satirical. His books have been translated into 41 languages. Over 27 million copies of his books have been sold worldwide. At one point he was among the most widely read science fiction authors in the world. Lem's writing is full of intelligent humor, puns, and neologisms, and Michael Kandel's translations into English have been praised by many for capturing Lem's style.

Lem is perhaps best known for his novel Solaris. This novel was published in 1961. It is set into the future. Humans have discovered what they think is intelligent life in space. They want to talk to the alien life form. The only problem they have is that the life form is the size of a planet. It is an ocean. This book has also been made into a film by Andrei Tarkowski in 1972. Steven Soderbergh made another film of the book in 2002.

Lem won various prizes for his novels.

References

Other websites

1921 births
2006 deaths
Lem, Stanislaw
Intel Corporation (Integrated Electronics Corporation) is a microprocessor company that was set up in the 1960s. Different types of processors made by Intel are used in many computers. Their most famous older products are the i386, i486, and Pentium models. Intel makes many different products, with their first dedicated consumer GPU scheduled to be released in late 2021. The first Pentium chips were released on March 22, 1993.

Intel Corporation is traded on the NASDAQ under the ticker INTC and has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1999.

Processors

The 4-bit processors 
 Intel 4004
 Intel 4040

The 8-bit processors 
 Intel 8080
 Intel 8085

The 16-bit processors 
 Intel 8086
 Intel 8088
 Intel 80286

The 16-bit processors: the 80386 range 
 Intel 80386

From 1993 to today 
 Pentium
 Atom
 Celeron
 Intel Core
 Intel Core 2
 Intel Core i3
 Intel Core i5
 Intel Core i7
 Intel Core i9

References

Other websites 
 Official homepage of Intel

American technology companies
1968 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in California
The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is the first video game console made by Nintendo in Japan, Europe, the United States. It came out in 1985 in the United States and was very popular.

The controller for the e joysticks that older consoles had. It had a D-pad button, that could go up, down, left, or right. It also had A, B, Select, and Start buttons. The NES could use up to two controllers for multiplayer games. There were also other types of controllers that could be used with the NES.

Some famous games for the NES are Super Mario Bros., The Legend of Zelda, Metroid, Mega Man, Castlevania, Donkey Kong, and Final Fantasy. There have been many sequels made to these games and they are still enjoyed today. Nintendo discontinued (stopped making and selling) the NES in 1995.

Technical details 
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) in the NES is called MOS 6502 and is an 8-bit CPU. The chip that contains the CPU also contains other electronics that generate sound for games and help with some other things. There are two different versions of the chip called 2A03 and 2A07 that are used in different regions of the world (2A03 works with NTSC TVs, 2A07 with PAL TVs). It was made by a company called Ricoh.

The NES uses a chip called the PPU (Picture Processing Unit) to draw graphics on the TV. It has two different versions called 2C02 (for NTSC TVs) and 2C07 (for PAL TVs). It was also made by Ricoh.

Related pages
 10NES
 Nintendo

References

Nintendo video game consoles
The Belarusian language (, biełaruskaja mova) is an Eastern Slavic language and an Indo-European language.

It is spoken in Belarus and eastern Poland (in the area of Białystok). It is also spoken by Belarusians who live in other countries of Europe, Australia, and North America.

Belarusian is written by the either the Cyrillic alphabet or the Latin alphabet.

References

Slavic languages
Languages of Europe
Kevin Norwood Bacon (born July 8, 1958 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American movie actor who has starred in Stir of Echoes, Wild Things, JFK, Footloose and Apollo 13, among others. He has been married to actress Kyra Sedgwick since September 4, 1988. They have two children, Travis and Sosie Ruth.  Bacon is known for the Bacon Number.

References

Other websites 
 Bacon's official website
 

Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Saturn Award winners
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
1958 births
Living people
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (French Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon) is a French overseas collectivity.  It is made up of several small islands.  They are close to Newfoundland on the eastern coast of Canada.  It is the only remaining bit of the former French colonial empire territory of New France.

Communes
The communes are:

Miquelon-Langlade
Saint-Pierre

Historically L'Île-aux-Marins was a separate commune.  Then in 1945 it was added into the commune of Saint-Pierre.

In each commune there are settlements Miquelon, Miquelon-Langlade and Saint-Pierre, Saint-Pierre.

References

Other websites 
 Official tourism website for St Pierre and Miquelon
Le Phare: Association of Tourism Professionals
Fifty is the integer that is after forty-nine and before fifty-one.

The prime factors of fifty are 2 and 5. (2 * 5 * 5 = 50) The factors of 50 are 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50. 5*10=50. 50 is the smallest number that can be written as the sum of two squares in two distinct ways: 50=12+72=52+52. Also, 50 is one-half of 100 or half of a century (a century is 100 years).

Integers
Rzeszów (, ) is city in the south-east part of Poland in Subcarpathian Voivodeship with a population of 170,722 (2008). The city is located on the river Wislok.

Cities in Poland
Events 
 January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans
 September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three-year siege.
 October 9 – Supernova 1604 is observed. As of this writing, this was the last supernova to be observed in the Milky Way.
 November 1 – At Whitehall Palace in London, the William Shakespeare tragedy Othello is presented for the first time. 
 The Sikh Holy Scripture Guru Granth Sahib is compiled and edited by Guru Arjan .
 Luis Váez de Torres is the first European to sail through the Torres Strait.
 France begins settling Acadia, first successful French North American colony
 France begins settling French Guiana.
 England concludes the Treaty of London with Spain, ending its involvement in the Eighty Years' War.
 Peter Blundell founds Blundell's School in Tiverton, England.
 Za Dengel deposed as Emperor of Ethiopia by Za Sellase, who restores his cousin Yaqob.
 The first known English Dictionary to be organized by alphabetical ordering was published.
Houston is the largest city in the state of Texas. It is the fourth-largest city in the United States. As of 2019, it had a population of over 2 million people. Sylvester Turner became the mayor of Houston in 2015 is. Houston is named for Sam Houston, who fought for Texas freedom in 1836. It is well known for the Johnson Space Center of NASA. 

Houston is known for having the largest medical center and complex in the world, the Texas Medical Center.

George Bush Intercontinental Airport is the main international airport serving Houston, and William P. Hobby Airport is the other international airport that is serving close to downtown Houston.

Sports
Houston has many sports teams, including the Astros, Texans, Rockets, and Houston Dynamo. The Astros play baseball, the Rockets play basketball, the Texans play American Football, and the Houston Dynamo play soccer.

Climate
Houston has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Koeppen climate classification).

References

1836 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in the Republic of Texas
 
County seats in Texas
Polynesians are native people from islands in Polynesia, including Hawaii, Tahiti, Samoa, and Maoris in New Zealand.

Polynesia
Hey Arnold! was an American animated television show on the Nickelodeon network. It was about a boy with a football-shaped head named Arnold, his "gang" of friends, and their lives in the fictional city of Hillwood. Each episode of Hey Arnold! ran for about 15 minutes each. In 2002, Nickelodeon made a movie from it. Arnold's best friends in his gang are Gerald, Sid, Stinky, Eugene, Rhonda, Phoebe, Lila, and Curly (who was voiced by Haley Joel Osment). Adult Arnold was voiced by Christopher Walberg.

Animated television series
Nickelodeon television series
English-language television programs
1996 television series debuts
2004 television series endings
Don José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (; born 4 August 1960 in Valladolid) is a Spanish politician. He was elected for two terms as Prime Minister of Spain.  This was in the  2004 and 2008 general elections. On 2 April 2011 he said he would not stand for re-election. His party is the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

He left the office on 21 December 2011. He was succeeded by Mariano Rajoy. He left the PSOE's Secretary General chair on 4th February 2012 to Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba. On 9th February he entered the Spanish Council of State. 

Important actions of his government have included withdrawing Spanish troops from Iraq, legalizing same-sex marriages and negotiating with Basque terrorist group ETA.

He studied Law at the University of León, graduating in 1982. Rodríguez Zapatero met Sonsoles Espinosa in León in 1981. They married on 27 January 1990 and have two daughters named Laura (born 1993) and Alba (born 1995).

Zapatero is a supporter of FC Barcelona.

References

Other websites 

Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero biography on Infoplease

1960 births
Living people
People from Valladolid
Prime Ministers of Spain
Socialist politicians
Spanish socialists
Louise Brooks (Cherryvale, Kansas, 14 November 1906 – Rochester, New York, 8 August 1985) was an American dancer and actress. She became a leading film star, and a style icon famous for her beauty and her bobbed hair style.

In 2006, the centenary of Brooks' birth was celebrated by the release of three DVDs and three books, museum exhibits, screenings, and other events.

Filmography
Brooks' signature film role was as Lulu in G.W. Pabst's Pandora's Box (Die Büchse der Pandora) in 1929. Brooks' portrayal was of a young woman whose raw sexuality and uninhibited nature brings ruin to herself and those who love her. It made the actress a star.

 The Street of Forgotten Men (1925)
 The American Venus (1926)
 A Social Celebrity (1926)
 It's the Old Army Game (1926)
 The Show Off (1926)
 Love 'Em and Leave 'Em (1926)
 Just Another Blonde (1926)
 Evening Clothes (1927)
 Rolled Stockings (1927)
 Now We're in the Air (1927)
 The City Gone Wild (1927)
 A Girl in Every Port (1928)
 Beggars of Life (1928)
 The Canary Murder Case (1929)
 Pandora's Box (1929)
 Diary of a Lost Girl (1929)
 Prix de Beaute (1930)
 Windy Riley Goes Hollywood (1931) (short subject)
 It Pays to Advertise (1931)
 God's Gift to Women (1931)
 Empty Saddles (1936)
 When You're in Love (1937)
 King of Gamblers (1937) (scenes deleted)
 Overland Stage Raiders (1938)
 Film Firsts: Louise Brooks (1960) (television)
 Lulu in Berlin (1984) (documentary)
 Louise Brooks: Looking for Lulu (1998) (documentary)
 Mysteries and Scandals: Louise Brooks (1999) (television)

Further reading

 Louise Brooks, Fundamentals of Good Ballroom Dancing, United States: self-published, 1940
 Pandora's Box (Lulu), United States: Simon & Schuster, 1971
 Rolland Jaccard (editor), Louise Brooks: Portrait d'une Anti-Star, France: Editions Phebus, 1977
 Louise Brooks, Lulu in Hollywood, United States: Knopf, 1982
 Vincenzo Mollica, Louise Brooks: Una Fiaba Nocturne, Italy: Editori del Grifo, 1984
 Homenagem a Louise Brooks, Portugal: Cinemateca Portuguesa, 1986
 Rolland Jaccard (editor), Louise Brooks: Portrait of an Anti-Star, United States: New York Zoetrope, 1986
 Barry Paris, Louise Brooks, United States: Knopf, 1989
 Omaggio a Louise Brooks e Maya Deren, Italy: Cineteca D. W. Griffith, 1996
 Louise Brooks: L'europeenne, France: Transeuropa, 1999
 Louise Brooks, Lulu in Hollywood: Expanded Edition, United States: University of Minnesota Press, 2000
 Peter Cowie, Louise Brooks: Lulu Forever, United States: Rizzoli, 2006

Quotations 

 There is no Garbo! There is no Dietrich! There is only Louise Brooks! – Henri Langlois,  1955.
 I have a gift for enraging people, but if I ever bore you it will be with a knife. – Louise Brooks, from her autobiography, 'Lulu in Hollywood'.

Other websites 
 Louise Brooks Society
 Louise Brooks, silent star
 
 All Movie Guide
 Louise Brooks Studies 

1906 births
1985 deaths
Actors from Kansas
American autobiographers
American silent movie actors
American stage actors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Eschelbronn is a village with 2597 people living there. It is in the Rhein-Neckar area of Baden-Württemberg, Germany and close to Sinsheim.

Eschelbronn is in the north of Kraichgau with a distance of about 25 km to Heidelberg.

History
It was already mentioned in the years 788/789 in a document of the monastery of Lorsch. Afterwards there was no documentation until the end of the 13th century when it became part of the restrict of Speyer.
The first mayor was Heinrich von Eschelbrunnen in the year 1261. In 1267 a castle made of wood was built and later rebuilt into a water-castle of stone in 1375. In 1526 the village became Protestant.
In 1803 Eschelbronn became part of Baden. From 1807 on the village was administered by Waibstadt and 1803 by Sinsheim until the 31st of December 1972. Today it belongs to the Rhein-Neckar area.

In former times most of the people were farmers, however later in the 18th century the production of textiles became more and more important. Since the end of the 19th century Eschelbronn is well known for its furniture production.

Other websites 
 Official website
 Museum of Furniture Production

Villages in Baden-Württemberg
Municipalities in Baden-Württemberg
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry. It was founded by George I, on 18 May 1725. The name comes from an old ceremony, first mentioned in 1128. In the ceremony, men participated in a vigil of fasting, prayer, and taking a bath. They did this on the day before they were made a knight. The ceremony was abolished in 1815. 

The Order is made up of the Sovereign (the British Sovereign), the Great Master (Charles, Prince of Wales), and three classes of members: (Highest to lowest)
 
Knight or Dame Grand Cross (GCB)
Knight or Dame Commander (KCB or DCB)
Companion (CB)

Originally founded as a military order of chivalry, the star (or pip) is worn as army officers' rank insignia. The insignia is that of the Order of the Bath. Members of the order now belong to either the Civil or the Military Division. The Order's motto is Tria juncta in uno (Latin for "Three joined in one"). This is a reference to either the union of England, Scotland and Ireland, or to the Holy Trinity. A symbol of the Order that is seen over and over has three crowns in it. Another motto, Ich dien (German for "I serve") is used occasionally, but only by members of the Order who serve in the military.

The Order is the fourth oldest of the British Orders of Chivalry, after The Most Noble Order of the Garter, The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, and The Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick. The last of those Orders–which relates to Ireland, no longer a part of the United Kingdom–still exists, but is no longer active; no appointments have been made to it since 1934.

History of the British Isles
A guerrilla is a civilian who attacks a regular army.

Guerrilla warfare is a war tactic in which people () fight against an organized army. Guerrilla warfare is sometimes practiced in places in which a regular army would have difficulty, such as forests and mountains. Usually, the army is invading a territory. In open fields, the organized army, which is better armed and larger, has the advantage. However, in forests and mountains, the guerillas can gain an advantage over larger and better-armed armies. In some wars such as the American Revolutionary War or the Vietnam War, guerilla warfare tactics have been successful and were one of the main reasons (but not the only one) for their victory.

Guerrilla, a word of Spanish origin, and means "little war".  It was first used in 1808, when Spain was invaded by Napoleon, resulting in the Peninsular War with Spanish guerilla forces resisting the French Army.

This war tactic was used on the British by the Native Americans. The natives had an advantage because they used guerrilla warfare against the British Army. During the American Revolutionary War, the Americans used guerilla warfare against the larger and better armed British Army. Guerilla warfare was common in the Border States during the American Civil War and was used also during the Vietnam War by the North Vietnamese against the French, Americans and South Vietnamese.

Related pages 
 Terrorism

War
Sometimes Sacrament can stand for Eucharist
In Christianity, a sacrament is a special rite. It is a visible token of the reality of God.

Sacraments in the Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church knows seven such sacraments. These are
Baptism - usually given shortly after birth, it is meant to forgive original sin.
Confirmation - done when reaching maturity
Holy Eucharist - The body and blood of Jesus Christ is eaten to remember the Last Supper.
Marriage
Holy orders - the deacon, the priest and bishop.
Penance and remission of sins
Anointing of the Sick - used to be known as Last Rites, given shortly before death

Protestant views
Following Martin Luther's tradition, many Protestant churches see only Baptism and Lord's Supper as Sacraments. They also have most of the other rites, but do not consider them to be sacraments.

Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox views
Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches basically have the same views as the Roman Catholic Church. They say however, that many things the church does (as church), can be seen as sacraments, in some way.

Sacraments
Twenty is the number that is after nineteen and before twenty-one.

The prime factors of twenty are 2 and 5. (2 * 2 * 5 = 20)

Its factors are: 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, and 20.  As the sum of its factors is more than itself (i.e. 22), it can be referred to as an abundant number.

20 can been used as a number base. Remnants of this system remain in some European languages, for example in the English “score” (20) and the French “quatre-vingts” (80, literally four groups of twenty). The old (pre-decimal) English monetary system had twenty shillings in a pound. The ancient Mayan numerical system – counting on fingers and toes – was a base 20 or "vigesimal" system.

A polyhedron of 20 faces is an icosahedron, one of the five Platonic solids. It is a convex regular polyhedron composed of twenty triangular faces, with five meeting at each of the twelve vertices. It has 30 edges and 12 vertices. Its dual polyhedron is the dodecahedron.

In Japanese tradition, adulthood is established at the age of 20. See seijin not hi (the celebration of adulthood in Japan).

It is the number of milk teeth in an infant’s mouth.

In Roman numerals, 20 is written as XX.

Integers
Forty is the number that is after thirty-nine and before forty-one.

The prime factors of forty are 2 and 5. (2 * 2 * 2 * 5 = 40)

Forty is also the only number in the English language which is spelt in alphabetical order.

The Bible 
In the Judeo-Christian Bible, the number forty has special meaning. The Jews wandered in a desert for forty years, there was a forty-day and forty-night rainstorm, and other instances.

Integers
Seventy is the number that is after sixty-nine and before seventy-one.

The prime factors of seventy are 2, 5, and 7. (2 * 5 * 7 = 70)

Integers
A gas giant is a large planet that has a solid core, but a very thick atmosphere. This means that most of the planet is made up of gas. These planets are very large.

In our outer Solar System, there are four gas giants: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. However, Uranus and Neptune are also called ice giants.

Jupiter and Saturn are similar because they are made up of mostly hydrogen and helium. They both contain massive rocky cores that are bigger than Earth. Neptune and Uranus are similar because they are mainly made up of water and rock (a mixture of one or several minerals).

Gas giants have also been found around other stars than the sun. Most of those giant extrasolar planets are "hot giants" orbiting close to their star.

 
Types of planet
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN) (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was a country that existed from 1945 until 1976. It took control in northern Vietnam and eventually took over its southern opponent. It lay north of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone, and South Vietnam lay to the south of it.

It was proclaimed by President Hồ Chí Minh in Hà Nội on September 2, 1945. The country was supported by China and the Soviet Union during the Vietnam War, eventually defeating South Vietnam 20 years later in the Vietnam War.

References 

1945 establishments in Asia
1976 disestablishments in Asia
20th century in Vietnam
Former countries in Asia
States and territories established in the 1940s
States and territories disestablished in the 20th century
Set theory is the study of sets in mathematics. Sets are collections of objects. We refer to these objects as "elements" or "members" of the set. To write a set, one wraps the numbers in {curly brackets}, and separates them with commas. For example. the set  holds 1, 2, and 3. Sets are also often referred to using capital roman letters such as , , .

There are three methods one can use to describe a set: Description method, Roster method (tabular form) and Rule method (set builder form).

History
Set theory was created around 1874 by Georg Cantor. It had to be made better because collections of objects can cause problems if we work with them without explaining them better. Russell's paradox was one of the problems. Think about the set of all sets that are not members of themselves. If it were inside itself, then the rule which defines it would mean that it is not inside itself. But, if it were not inside itself, then the rule which defines it would mean that it is inside itself. This was a serious problem, and it meant that the old set theory was broken.
It was improved by people including Zermelo and Bertrand Russell.

Theory
Set theory begins by giving some examples of things that are sets. Then it gives rules in which you can make other sets from the already known sets. Collections of objects that are not sets are called (proper) classes. It is possible to do mathematics using only sets, rather than classes, so that the problems that classes cause in mathematics do not occur.

 Example: An object  and a set . If  is a member (or element) of , we write . Since sets are objects, the membership relation can relate sets as well.

A binary relation between two sets is the subset relation, also called set inclusion. If all the members of set  are also members of set , then  is a subset of , marking . For example,  is a subset of , but  is not. From this example, it is clear that a set is a subset of itself. In cases where one wishes to not to have this, the term proper subset is meant not to have this possibility.

The self-considering objects in set theory was considered too, with some example numbers being 1={1}, 2={1, 2}, 3={1, 2, 3} and so on.

Related pages 
Cantor set
Cantor's theorem
Cardinality
Continuum (mathematics)
Mathematical logic
Naive set theory
Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory

References

Further reading 
 Chechulin V. L., Theory of sets with self-considering (foundations and some applications), Publishing by Perm State University (Russia), Perm, 2010, 100 p.  (In this non-predicative theory overcoming the limitations of  predicative formal systems, i.e. Godel's theorems, the text is accessible from the page http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=15267103 )
A demo, in music, is the first version of a song or album.

It can also refer to an album made by the band as a "sample" in hopes of getting a contract with a record label.

Musical terminology

it:Demo#In musica
Breton (, in Breton) is a Celtic language spoken in Brittany, in the north-west of France. Breton is closely related to the Cornish language of Cornwall spoken in south-west Great Britain. It is less closely related to Welsh, and the Goidelic languages of Scotland, Ireland and the Isle of Man. The Breton language has about 240,000 speakers,111 but this number is falling very quickly due to the French government's policy of using French. As such, Breton is considered to be an endangered language.

References

Celtic languages
Languages of Europe
The Celtic languages are a language family inside of Indo-European languages. There are six Celtic languages still spoken in the world today, spoken in north-west Europe. They are divided into two groups,  Goidelic (or Gaelic) and the Brythonic (or British). 

The three Goidelic languages still spoken are Irish, Scottish, and Manx. Scottish is the main language spoken in parts of north-west Scotland and Irish is the main language spoken in the Gaeltacht in Ireland. Manx is spoken mainly by people interested in the language.

The three Brythonic languages are Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. Of these Cornish became extinct in the 18th century but people have started speaking it again now. Welsh is spoken everywhere throughout Wales, but is mainly  first language for people in the western part of Wales, in the area some people call the Bro Gymraeg. Breton is spoken mainly in west Brittany, and is the only Celtic language not mainly spoken on the islands of Great Britain and Ireland. Because Brittany is part of France, the language is in danger of becoming extinct, just like Cornish, and there are ongoing efforts to prevent this from happening.

Scottish Gaelic also has a native community of speakers in Canada where it was once very widely spoken, and there are Welsh speakers in Patagonia, Argentina.

List of Celtic languages

Goidelic languages 
 Scottish Gaelic
 Irish
 Manx

Brythonic languages 
 Welsh
 Breton
 Cornish

Related pages 
 Celtic League
A hunger strike is a way that people protest by not eating.  Many people have done this to get people's attention, especially the attention of leaders.

Sometimes, hunger strikes are done by people who are in prison. In this case, the hunger strikes are sometimes ended by force feeding, when the prisoners are fed against their will through a feeding tube.

References

Social sciences
Deaths from starvation
Political prisoners
The Hermitage Museum (Эрмитаж) in St. Petersburg, Russia is one of the largest and oldest art galleries and museums of human history and culture in the world. The vast Hermitage collections are displayed in six buildings, founded by Catherine II of Russia in 1764 and opened in public since 1852. The main building is the Winter Palace. This was the official residence of the Russian Tsars.

Collections 
Strong points of the Hermitage collection of Western art include Michelangelo, Giambattista Pittoni, Leonardo da Vinci, Rubens, Van Dyck, Rembrandt, Poussin, Claude Lorraine, Watteau, Tiepolo, Canaletto, Canova, Rodin, Monet, Pissarro, Renoir, Cézanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Picasso, and Matisse. There are several more collections. Among the collections are the Russian imperial regalia, an assortment of Faberge jewellery, and the largest existing collection of ancient gold from Eastern Europe and Western Asia.

Cats 
A population of cats lives on the museum grounds. They are named the Hermitage cats. They are an added attraction for tourists.

 

Art museums
Buildings and structures in Saint Petersburg
Education in Russia
1764 establishments
18th-century establishments in Russia
Events 
 Corfu taken from Byzantine Empire by Robert Guiscard, Norman King of Southern Italy
 Byzantine emperor Nicephorus III is overthrown by Alexius I Comnenus, ending the Middle Byzantine period and beginning the Comnenan dynasty
 Alexius I helps defend Albania from the Normans (the first recorded mention of Albania), but is defeated at the Battle of Dyrrhachium.
 Beginning of the construction of Saint Canute's Cathedral in Odense.
 May 8 – Alfonso VI of Castile marries Constance of Burgundy.
Wasilla is a small city in the U.S. state of Alaska, about 43 miles from Anchorage.  It is one of the ten largest cities in Alaska.  Sarah Palin was once mayor and owns a house with her family there.

The city's population was 7,831 at the 2010 census.

Other websites
Official City of Wasilla website

Cities in Alaska
Rantoul is a village in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. Almost 13,000 people were living in Rantoul as of 2000.  Rantoul has an area of 7.4 square miles.

References

Villages in Illinois
Winter Springs is a city in Florida. It is sometimes considered a suburb of Orlando.

Cities in Florida
A googolplex is the number 10googol, equivalent to 1010100  or 10Ten duotrigintillion or 1010,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.

Like the number googol, googolplex was thought of by Milton Sirotta, the nephew of mathematician Edward Kasner.

The company Google named their headquarters, the Googleplex, after the number.

A googolplexplex or googolplexian is a 1 followed by a Googolplex amount of zeros which is 10Googolplex (101010100 ).

Related pages
 Graham's number 
 Googol

Integers
Flint, or flintstone, is a kind of sedimentary rock, made of silica.

Bands of flint are found embedded in chalk and other kinds  of soft limestone. 

When the chalk is eroded, the hard flint nodules survive as pebbles on a shingle beach. It may happen that the pebbles later get cemented into another rock, such as a puddingstone. In this way, they make up a sedimentary rock for the second time.

Technical description 
Flint is a cryptocrystalline (means you can't see the crystals) form of the mineral quartz. It is a variety of chert. It occurs as a line of knobbly masses in  chalk and some limestones. Inside the nodule, flint is usually translucent, and can be various colours. A thin layer on the outside of the nodules is usually different in colour, typically white and rough in texture.

Uses 
Flintstones often have a rough lumpy surface but when they are broken, they look like dark glass. It has been one of the most useful types of stone to humankind.

Flint was used by hominins for over three million years. Stone tools found at Lake Turkana in Kenya, are dated as 3.3 million years old. This predates the genus Homo by half a million years. The oldest known Homo fossil is 2.8 million years old compared to the 3.3 million year old stone tools.

When flintstones are broken, they have a sharp edge which could be used as a knife, or a scraper.  When flint and an iron-containing material such as pyrite or steel are hit together, they can make a spark. For many centuries, flint was one of the main ways for people in many countries to make fire. People would carry a little box called a "tinder box" which had some tinder along with flint and pyrite or steel. The tinder was used to catch the spark and start a fire. Tinder could be sawdust, cloth, grass or bark. Flints were later used to make a spark to fire a gun. A gun that used flint was called a "flintlock" gun.

Flintstones are used in some countries for building. In England the flintstones used for building were often "knapped" which means they were broken to show the inside, like the stones used for the tower of Long Melford Church (below). This gave a better finish to the building that the dull knobbly stones would have made.

Gallery

Related pages 
 Chalk 
 Palaeolithic

References 

Sedimentary rocks
Valley Center is a census-designated place in San Diego County, California. It has a population of 9,277 people.

References

Census-designated places in California
Settlements in San Diego County, California
Anaheim is a city in the United States. It was founded by German immigrants in 1857. It is the home of Disneyland, and two professional sports teams, The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (baseball) and the Anaheim Ducks (ice hockey). In 2012, there was a riot following a police officer shooting a man.

Anaheim, California
1857 establishments in California
A chair is a piece of furniture. It is used for sitting on and it can also be used for standing on if you can't reach something. They usually have four legs to support the weight. Some types of chairs, such as the bar-stool, have only one leg in the center. Those chairs are usually able to spin. Sometimes chairs have armrests. These chairs may be called armchairs. There are many types of chairs such as Windsor chairs and rocking chairs. There is another type of chair called a sofa or settee Another type of chair is a desk chair. It has wheels on the bottom to move around.

Other websites 

Furniture
Hercules is a hero in Roman mythology. He is a mortal son of Alcmene and Zeus. Hercules is known for his great strength. In Greek mythology he is named Herakles, but he has some different stories.

Etymology
The name Hercules (Latin Herculēs) comes from the Etruscan Hercle. He was an Etruscan hero who was the equivalent to the Greek hero Herakles.

The twelve
In one of the more well known stories of Hercules, he had to complete twelve tasks. These tasks were: 
Kill the Nemean Lion and bring back its fur. (Leo)
Kill the Lernaean Hydra. 
Capture the Ceryneian Hind.
Capture the Erymanthian Boar.
Clean the Augean stables in a single day.
Kill the Stymphalian Birds.
Capture the Cretan Bull.
Steal the Mares of Diomedes.
Get the Girdle of Hippolyte.
Get the Cows of Geryon.
Steal the Apples of the Hesperides.
Capture Cerberus, the guardian dog of The Underworld and bring him back.

Other versions of the title Hercules
Hercules is also a character in Marvel Comics. He was an ally of the mighty Thor. He is the leader and a founding member of the super team the Champions. He was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in 1962.

Hercules also appears in the 1997 Disney movie of the same name, in which he is voiced by Tate Donovan.

Other websites

Roman mythology