cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Myoglobin is a protein that is able to bind oxygen. Myoglobin, which is similar to haemoglobin, is the main oxygen-carrying pigment of muscle tissues. Like haemoglobin, it has a porphyrin ring with an iron atom at its centre. It is in the muscle tissue of most mammals. Seals and other marine mammals have more myoglobin in their muscles than land animals. 

In humans, increased level of myoglobin in the serum of the blood can be an indication of myocardial infarction. Other factors for a higher level can be damage to the muscles, epileptic seizures, polytrauma. If the value is much too high, this can lead to kidney failure.

References 

Proteins
Iron compounds
Hyperkalemia is a medical term to indicate that the level of potassium in the blood is too high. Depending on the level of potassium in the blood, this can be a medical emergency. A level that is too high can lead to abnormal hearth rhythms. 

Many medications can cause hyperkalemia, and it is much more likely to occur in people kidney problems.

Although hyperkalemia often doesn't cause symptoms, doctors worry about hyperkalemia because it can cause a sudden change of heart rhythm in people who had not been having any symptoms.  These abnormal heart rhythms can be deadly.

In the cases where death penalty is carried out using lethal injection, a hyperkalemia may be provoked atificially. Some of the mixtures used in the injections contain potassium chloride which will raise the level of potassium in the blood considerably.

Health problems
Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (4 September 1557, Wismar – 14 October 1631, Nykoping) was a German queen of Denmark and Norway. She was the mother of King Christian IV of Denmark and Anne of Denmark.

Family 

She was the daughter of Duke Ulrich III of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Princess Elizabeth of Denmark (a daughter of Frederick I and Sophie of Pomerania). Sophie married her cousin, Frederick II of Denmark, when she was 14. He was 37. The marriage was arranged by the Danish Council, who wished the King to marry. Though their ages were very different, their marriage was usually quiet and even happy. Queen Sophie was a loving mother, nursing her children herself when they were ill. Because her husband drank lots of wine and led an unfaithful life, she sent her three oldest children to live with her parents in Güstrow when they were young. She showed a great interest in science and visited the astronomer Tycho Brahe. She was also interested in the old songs of folklore. Her daughter, Anne of Denmark, would marry James VI of Scotland and become Queen Consort in 1589. She arranged the marriage against the will of the Council.

She died on 4 October 1631 at Nykøbing, Jylland, Denmark.

References 

1557 births
1631 deaths
Kings and Queens of Denmark
Kings and Queens consort
was the 11th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  Historians consider Emperor Suinin to be a legendary person; and the name Suinin-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty. 

The Gukanshō records that Suinin he ruled from the palace of Tamaki-no-miya at Makimuku in what will come to be known as Yamato province.

Traditional history
Suinin is almost certainly a legend; but the Kojiki and Nihonshoki record his name and genealogy. He was the third son of Emperor Sujin.

Events of Suinin's life
The limited information about Suinin does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei. 

One of Suinin's daughters was Yamatohime-no-mikoto.  She established a site for  ceremonies honouring the Shinto sun goddess (Amaterasu Omikami).  In the region of Ise, she founded the Ise Shrine. She became the first Saiō at Ise.

The records of Asama Shrine at the base of Mount Fuji describe events in this time frame. The earliest Shinto ceremonies in honour of Konohanasakuya-hime were in the 3rd year of the reign of Emperor Suinin (垂仁天皇3年).

Nihonshoki describes a wrestling match during his era.  This was the origin of Sumo wrestling.

After his death 

This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Suinin. 

The actual site of his grave is not known.  According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Nara.

Related pages
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree

References

Other websites

Ise Shrine - Naiku, official website 

Emperors of Japan
The Samoyed is a dog breed that are usually white in color but they can be grey or cream too. They can get between 2-3 feet in height. The Samoyed breed is known for having a curled tail, much like a Husky. They have a thick coat of fur to protect them from the cold because they were used to drag sleighs in the cold. Samoyeds are really friendly, so they will not make good guard dogs because they are too cute and fluffy and are really friendly.

Dog breeds
was the 18th emperor of Japan,  according to the traditional order of succession.  Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Hanzei to be possibly legendary, but probable.  The name Hanzei-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

Traditional history 
According to Nihonshoki and Kojiki, he was a son of Emperor Nintoku.  The eldest son would become known as Emperor Richū.

Hanzei was the brother of Richū.  Hanzei's enthronement by-passed Richū's two sons.  Few other details have survived.

Events of Hanzei's life 
Very little is known about the events of Hanzei's life and reign.  Only limited information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.

Hanzei's reign is described as a time of peace. He died quietly in his palace.

After his death 
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Hanzei.

According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus (kofun) at Sakai.  Hanzei is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) which is associated with the burial mound.

Related pages
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree
 Kofun period

References

Other websites

Emperors of Japan
The title role in a play or an opera is the role (the part) which is also the title of the play or opera. 
We say that the actor, singer or dancer who performs that part has the title role.  For example: in the opera Carmen by Georges Bizet the part played by the girl called Carmen is the "title role".  We may say that a singer took the title role in the opera Carmen.  That means that she sang the part of Carmen in the opera.

The title role is not necessarily the most important role in the play or opera, although it often is.

A few other well-known examples in which the performance is named after one of the characters include the operas Aida (by Giuseppe Verdi), Madame Butterfly (by Giacomo Puccini) and Peter Grimes (by Benjamin Britten), the ballets Coppélia (by Léo Delibes) or Petrushka (by Stravinsky), or the plays Othello or Hamlet (by William Shakespeare).

The title character is the  character whose name is in the title (or suggested in the title), such as Harry Potter in Harry Potter books by J.K. Rowling, or Simba in Disney's The Lion King (Simba is the Lion King).

"Title character" always refers to a character.

Related pages
Character actor
Role (performing arts)
Leading actor
Supporting actor

Performing arts
A character actor is an actor who plays a particular kind of character in a play, movie, television program, opera or ballet.  The character actor is not the main part.  He is not the lover or hero.  He has a character which helps to support the main characters and therefore the story.

Character roles may be roles such as: the faithful servant, the maid, the villain, the mother-in-law, the priest etc.  They may or may not be comic characters.

For example, in The Wizard of Oz the main character is Dorothy.  The Scarecrow, the Lion and the Tin Man are character roles.

Some actors or singers prefer character roles to main roles.  It may be because this kind or role suits their personality or their singing voice.  Some people nearly always play the same kind of character role.  We say that people like that are "typecast".  Some actors are happy to remain typecast.  Others may wish to broaden their repertoire and take on different roles.

Related pages
Title role
Giulio Caccini (born Rome, 8 October 1551; died Florence, 10 December 1618), also known as Giulio Romano, was an Italian composer and singer. He lived at the very end of Renaissance period and the beginning of the Baroque period. It was the time when opera was starting, and he was one of the first composers to write an opera. His daughter, Francesca Caccini, also became a composer.

Life 
We do not know much about his life. He was born in Rome. His father was a carpenter. He learned to play the lute, the viol and the harp, and soon became known as a singer. In the 1560s, Francesco de' Medici, Grand Duke of Florence, was impressed with his talent, so he took him to Florence to study.

By 1579, Caccini was singing at the Medici court. He was a tenor, and he was able to accompany himself on the viol or the archlute; he sang at weddings and other important occasions. He worked closely with the Florentine Camerata, a famous group of people who met at the home of Count Giovanni de' Bardi, and tried to bring the tradition of Greek dramatic music back to life. They liked monody, which means a tune with a simple accompaniment. This was different from polyphony in which several things are being sung at once. Monody made it easy to tell a story because the words could be heard clearly. This was necessary for opera, where it became heard in a simple form called recitative.

Caccini went to Rome, but in Rome the musicians were not so interested in change.

Caccini often got involved in arguments because he was envious and jealous. He often got people into trouble, and he rushed his own opera Euridice into print before Peri's opera on the same subject could be published, while telling his own singers not to have anything to do with Peri's opera.

He died in Florence and is buried in the church of St. Annunziata.

 Ave Maria by Coro Universitario Complutense Madrid

References 
 Article "Giulio Caccini", in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 2001. 
 Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. 
 Manfred Bukofzer, Music in the Baroque Era. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1947. 
 Giulio Caccini, Le nuove musiche, tr. John Playford and Oliver Strunk, in Source Readings in Music History. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1950.

1551 births
1618 deaths
Italian composers
Baroque composers
Renaissance composers
The Jungle is a 1906 novel written by journalist Upton Sinclair. Inspired by the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, Sinclair wrote this book to show the sufferings of the working class and to show the corruption of the American meatpacking industry during the early-20th century. The book writes about the poverty, bad living and working conditions, and sorrow among the working class. The sad state of turn-of-the-century work is placed for the American public to see, suggesting that something needed to be changed to get rid of American "wage slavery". The novel is also an important example of the "muckraking" tradition begun by journalists such as Jacob Riis.
 
Upton Sinclair came to Chicago with hopes of writing The Jungle. When he came to the lobby of the Chicago Transit House, a hotel, he was quoted as saying, "Hello! I'm Upton Sinclair, and I'm here to write the Uncle Tom's Cabin of the Labor Movement!". He rented living quarters and immediately began walking its streets, talking to its people and taking pictures. One Sunday afternoon, he worked his way into a group of Lithuanian immigrants getting together for a wedding party, "Behold, there was the opening scene of my story, a gift from the gods". He was welcomed there and was with them until two in the morning.

The Jungle was first published in a series in 1905. "After five rejections", its first edition as a book was published by Doubleday, Page & Company on February 28, 1906, and it became an immediate best seller and has been in print ever since.

Plot
The main character is Jurgis Rudkus, a Lithuanian man who emigrates to the United States with his fifteen year old fiance Ona Lukoszaite and their extended family. He marries her in Chicago and then soon gets a job at Durham's, a factory in Chicago. The factory mistreats him and Ona and their family. Eventually Ona dies of blood loss because the greedy midwife will not help her because the Rudkus family do not have enough money. Stanislovas, a child in the family who worked in a factory, is killed by an accident while working. Jurgus turns to drinking and Marija Barynczykas, a member of his extended family, becomes a prostitute.

References 

English-language novels
History of Chicago
1906 works
1900s books
The Invitation to William was a letter sent by seven famous Englishmen. They were later named the Immortal Seven. They sent this letter to William III, Prince of Orange, received by him on 30 June 1688 (Julian calendar, 10 July Gregorian calendar). In England a Catholic male heir to the throne, James Francis Edward Stuart, had been born. The letter asked William to force the ruling king, his father-in-law James II of England to make William's Protestant wife Mary, James's oldest daughter, the heir. This might possibly be done by saying that the newborn Prince of Wales was not really James' son.

The letter told William that if he were to land in England with a small army, they would rise up and support him. The Invitation shortly told him about their complaints against King James. They said that the King's son was not really the King's son and that the English people generally believed him to be false. They complained that William had sent a letter to James congratulating him on the birth of his son. It was carried to William in The Hague by Rear Admiral Arthur Herbert (the later Lord Torrington) disguised as a common sailor. It was read by a secret code.

The invitation made William decide to carry out his existing plans to land with a large Dutch army. This ended in the Glorious Revolution.  James was allowed to escape and was replaced by William and Mary as joint rulers.

The signatories 
Those who signed the invitation were: 
The Earl of Danby
The Earl of Shrewsbury
The Earl of Devonshire
The Viscount Lumley
The Bishop of London (Henry Compton)
Edward Russell
Henry Sydney (who wrote the Invitation)

References 
 Ashley, Maurice, The Glorious Revolution of 1688, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 1966.  .
 Harris, Tim, Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy, 1685–1720, Penguin Books, Ltd., 2006.  .

Other websites 
 

17th century in England
1688
1680s in Europe
A royal house or royal dynasty is a family title, or family name of sorts. It is used by royalty.  It usually means the members of a family in old and young people, who are loosely related. Unlike most western people, a great number of the world's royal families do not have family names, and those that have them do not use them often.  They are referred to instead by their titles, often related to an area ruled or once ruled by that family. Royal Houses still exist today.

Deposed or extinct sovereign Houses
The majority of these nations are now republics or part of republics. The Princely Houses of Germany often have given their own names to the states they ruled.
 House of Saumell i Zafra Prince of Achaea. Aragon Dinasty    Dinastia Aragon  

Royalty and nobility
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Hirakawa was born in Kanagawa Prefecture on January 10, 1965. After graduating from Juntendo University, he joined Japan Soccer League club Nissan Motors (later Yokohama Marinos) in 1987. From 1988 to 1990, the club won all three major title in Japan; Japan Soccer League, JSL Cup and Emperor's Cup for two years in a row. During the 1990s, the club won the 1990 JSL Cup, 1991 and 1992 Emperor's Cup. In Asia, the club won the 1991–92 and 1992–93 Asian Cup Winners' Cups. Toward the end of his career, he played for Yokohama Flügels in 1995 and Consadole Sapporo in 1996. He retired in 1996.

In March 1985, Hirakawa was selected the Japan national team for 1986 World Cup qualification. At this qualification, on March 21, he debuted against North Korea. After he joined Nissan Motors, he was selected Japan again in 1988 and 1989. In 1992, he also played 1 game for the first time in 3 years. He played 13 games for Japan until 1992.

Statistics

|-
|1987/88||rowspan="5"|Nissan Motors||rowspan="5"|JSL Division 1||20||1||||||0||0||20||1
|-
|1988/89||12||1||||||5||2||12||1
|-
|1989/90||14||0||||||4||0||18||0
|-
|1990/91||0||0||||||0||0||0||0
|-
|1991/92||22||0||||||3||1||25||1
|-
|1992||rowspan="3"|Yokohama Marinos||rowspan="3"|J1 League||colspan="2"|-||0||0||9||1||9||1
|-
|1993||31||2||3||0||5||0||39||2
|-
|1994||11||0||0||0||0||0||11||0
|-
|1995||Yokohama Flügels||J1 League||13||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|-
|1996||Consadole Sapporo||Football League||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
128||5||3||0||26||4||157||9
128||5||3||0||26||4||157||9
|}

|-
|1985||6||0
|-
|1986||0||0
|-
|1987||0||0
|-
|1988||4||0
|-
|1989||2||0
|-
|1990||0||0
|-
|1991||0||0
|-
|1992||1||0
|-
!Total||13||0
|}

References

Other websites

1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
Japan Soccer League players
Yokohama F. Marinos players
Yokohama Flügels players
Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo players
is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Tezuka was born in Tochigi Prefecture on September 4, 1958. After graduating from Chuo University, he joined Japan Soccer League club Fujita Industries in 1981. The club won the league champions in 1981. He retired in 1991. He played 167 games and scored 42 goals in the league.

On June 11, 1980, when Tezuka was a Chuo University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against China. He played at 1986 World Cup qualification, 1986 Asian Games and 1988 Summer Olympics qualification. He played 25 games and scored 2 goals for Japan until 1988.

After retirement, Tezuka started coaching career at Fujita Industries (later Bellmare Hiratsuka, Shonan Bellmare) in 1991. In 2003, he moved to Mito HollyHock and became an assistant coach. In 2005, he moved to Thespa Kusatsu and became a manager. In 2007, he signed with Japanese Regional Leagues club Fagiano Okayama. He promoted the club to Japan Football League in 2008 and J2 League in 2009. In 2010, he moved to Fukushima United FC and managed until 2011.

Statistics

|-
|1981||rowspan="10"|Fujita Industries||rowspan="9"|JSL Division 1||15||5
|-
|1982||10||3
|-
|1983||13||0
|-
|1984||14||6
|-
|1985/86||21||8
|-
|1986/87||21||5
|-
|1987/88||22||4
|-
|1988/89||11||1
|-
|1989/90||20||5
|-
|1990/91||JSL Division 2||21||4
167||42
167||42
|}

|-
|1980||2||0
|-
|1981||6||0
|-
|1982||0||0
|-
|1983||0||0
|-
|1984||0||0
|-
|1985||2||0
|-
|1986||4||0
|-
|1987||8||2
|-
|1988||3||0
|-
!Total||25||2
|}

References

Other websites

1958 births
Living people
Footballers from Tochigi Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japanese football managers
Japan Soccer League players
Shonan Bellmare players
Kim Yong-Sik (July 25, 1910 - March 5, 1985) was a South Korean professional footballer and coach. He was a member of the Japanese national team and the Korean national team.  He competed in two Summer Olympic Games.

International career statistics
Kim was a member of the Japanese team at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.

|-
|1936||2||0
|-
|1937||0||0
|-
|1938||0||0
|-
|1939||0||0
|-
|1940||1||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}

After Korean independence, Kim was a member of the Korean team at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.

References

Other websites

 Japan Football Association
 Japan National Football Team Database

1910 births
1985 deaths
Japanese footballers
South Korean footballers
South Korean football managers
Japan international footballers
Footballers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Lady Anne Hyde, Duchess of York (22 March 1638 – 31 March 1671) was the first wife of James, Duke of York (the future King James II of England and VII of Scotland). She was also and the mother of two queens, Mary II of England and Scotland and Anne of Great Britain.

Early years 
She was born on 12 March 1638 (Old Style) or 22 March 1638 (New Style), at Windsor, Berkshire of the Hyde family.

The royal family stayed in exile after the English Civil War. Anne's father served as the Royalist chief adviser to the future King Charles II of England, James's older brother. Anne was Maid of Honour to Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, sister of Charles and James. It was during this time that James seduced Anne while she was in his sister's service and Charles forced James to marry Anne. He said that her strong character would be a good influence on his weak-willed brother.

Duchess of York 
The couple went through an official marriage ceremony on 3 September 1660, in London, after the English Restoration of the monarchy. Anne was not a beautiful woman. In fact, Samuel Pepys slights her as being quite plain. However, the French Ambassador described her as having "courage, cleverness, and energy almost worthy of a King's blood".

References 

1638 births
1671 deaths
British royalty
The Bill of Rights (a short title) is an act of the Parliament of England. Its full name is The Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown. It is often called the English Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was passed by Parliament in December 1689. It provides many of the rights requested in the Petition of Right in February after the overthrow of James II of England in the Glorious Revolution, and is still in effect today.

References

Other websites 

17th century in England
British monarchy
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
1689
1680s in Europe
was the 13th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  Historians consider Emperor Seimu to be a legendary  person, and the name Seimu-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

Traditional history
Seimu is almost certainly a legend; but the Kojiki and Nihonshoki record his name.

Events of Seimu's life
The limited information about Seimu does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.

After his death 
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Seimu.

The actual site of his grave is not known.  According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Nara.

Related pages
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree

References 

Emperors of Japan
was  the 14th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  Historians consider Emperor Chūai to be a legendary person, and the name Chūai-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

Traditional history
Chūai is almost certainly a legend; but the Kojiki and Nihonshoki record his name.  He was a grandson of Emperor Keikō.

Chūai's wife is known as Empress Jingū.  Her son would become known as Emperor Ōjin.

Events of Chūai's life
The limited information about Chūai does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.

After his death 
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Chūai.

The actual site of his grave is not known.  According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Fujiidera of Osaka Prefecture.

Related pages
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree

References 

Emperors of Japan
, also known as  was a legendary empress of Japan. Although her name was once included in the traditional order of succession, she is now considered as a regent.

Historians consider details about the life of Empress Jingū to be mythical; and the name Jingū-tennō was created for her posthumously by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to this empress's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

Traditional history 
Jingū is almost certainly a legend; but the Kojiki and Nihonshoki record her name.

Jingū was the principle wife of Emperor Chūai  Her son would become known as Emperor Ōjin. The Gukanshō mentions her, but she is not included on the list of persons born within the line of Imperial descent.

Events of Jingū's life 
The limited information about Jingū does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.

After the death of Chūai, Jingū also served as regent, according to the oracle of Sumiyoshi-jinja, until her son was old enough to be emperor.

After her death 
This empress' official name after her death (her posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Jingū.

According to the Imperial Household Agency, the empress's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus (kofun).  Jingū is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Nara.

 1883: Empress Jingū was the first portrait and the first woman to be featured on the Japanese paper currency; however, the representation of Jingū which was created by Edoardo Chiossone is imagined.

In the centuries before the Meiji period, Jingū was known as the 15th Japanese imperial ruler, according to the traditional order of succession.  However, Jingū's name is now removed from the official list of emperors of Japan. Jingū's son, Emperor Ōjin, is today considered to have been the 15th emperor in the order of succession.

Related pages
 Emperor of Japan
 List of Emperors of Japan
 Japanese Imperial family tree
 Jingū Seamount
 Japanese empresses
 Sumiyoshi-jinja - a shine created by her

References

Other websites 
 Bank of Japan: Empress Jingū on bank note (1883) 
 Stamp library: Empress Jingū on 10-yen violet postage stamp (1924)
 Stamp library: Empress Jingū on 10-yen green postage stamp (1924)

Emperors of Japan
The hypermoderns were a school of chess players who set out to rethink some of the principles of chess openings. The name was given to them by the Polish-French grandmaster Tartakower.

The key idea was, in reaction to the older ideas of Siegbert Tarrasch, to dispute control of the centre by more subtle methods. Whereas old theory was to occupy the centre with two or three pawns immediately, the hypermoderns concentrated more on attacking the opponent's centre. A characteristic first move was 1Nf3 with White, or 1...Nf6 with Black, especially in reply to 1d4. To 1e4 they favoured an asymmetric defence such as 1...e6 or 1...c5 rather than the classical reply 1...e5. 

Nimzovich was the founder, and Alekhine, Tartakower, Réti, Grünfeld, and  Bogolyubov all took part. All were top grandmasters of the 1920s and 30s. Several modern openings owe their popularity to this group: Alekhine's Defence (1e4 Nf6); Réti's Opening (1Nf3); the King's Indian Defence (1d4 Nf6 2c4 g6 3Nc3 Bg7); the Grünfeld Defence (1d4 Bf6 2c4 g6 3Nc3 d5) and the Modern Defence (1...g6).p178

References 

Chess
was the 17th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Richū to be possibly legendary, but probable.  The name Richū-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations. 

Some scholars identify him with King San in the Book of Song. King San sent messengers to the Song Dynasty at least twice in 421 and 425; and this historical person was succeeded by his younger brother.

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

Traditional history 
According to Nihonshoki and Kojiki, he was the first son of Emperor Nintoku.

Richū had two sons; but he was followed on the throne by his brother, who would become known as Emperor Hanzei. The enthronement of Hanzei by-passed Richū's two sons.  Few other details have survived.

Two of Richū's grandsons would attain the throne as Emperor Kenzō and as Emperor Ninken.

Events of Richū's life 
 
Very little is known about the events of Richū's life and reign.  Only limited information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei. 

In his sixth year of his reign, Richū died.

After his death 
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Richū. 

According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus (kofun) at Sakai.  Richū is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) which is associated with the burial mound.

Related pages
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese Imperial family tree
 Kofun period

References

Other websites

Emperors of Japan
Jacobitism was (and, to a much smaller extent, is) the political movement that tried to put the Stuart kings back onto the thrones of England, Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland. The movement took its name from the Latin form Jacobus of the name of King James II and VII.

Jacobitism began after the deposition of James II and VII in 1688. He was replaced by his daughter Mary II jointly with her husband and first cousin William of Orange. The Stuarts lived on the European mainland after that, sometimes trying to get back the throne with the help of France or Spain. The most important places of Jacobitism were Ireland and Scotland, especially the Scottish Highlands. In England, Jacobitism was strongest in the north, and some support was also in Wales.

A great number of Catholic people liked Jacobitism. They hoped the Stuarts would end bad laws. Lots of different helped the military campaigns for all sorts of reasons. In Scotland the Jacobite cause became a lasting romantic memory.

Further reading 
Ruvigny & Raineval, Marquis de (Melville Henry Massue) (comp.). The Jacobite Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage & Grants of Honour. Edinburgh: T. C. & E. C. Jack, 1904.
 The Lion in the North, John Prebble, Penguin Books 1973
 Maritime Scotland, Brian Lavery, B T Batsford Ltd., 2001, 
 Scotland, A Concise History, Fitzroy Maclean, Thames and Hudson 1991, 
 Bonnie Prince Charlie, Fitzroy Maclean, Canongate Books Ltd. 1989 
 The Jacobites, Britain and Europe 1688 – 1788, Daniel Szechi, Manchester University Press 1994 
 The Myths of the Jacobite Clans, Murray G. H. Pittock, Edinburgh University Press 1995 
Came ye o'er frae France – folk-rock version by Steeleye Span.
 Georgian Monarchy: Politics and Culture, 1714-60, Hannah Smith, Cambridge University Press 2006

Other websites 

Jacobitism
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Horie was born in Hamamatsu on September 13, 1913. He played for Waseda WMW, which was consisted of players from his alma mater, Waseda University. At that club, he played with many futures Japan national team players, such as Motoo Tatsuhara, Yasuo Suzuki, and others.

In May 1934, when Horie was a Waseda University student, he was selected by the Japan national team for the Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At that competition, on May 15, he debuted against Philippines. In 1936, he was also selected by Japan for the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. At the 1936 Summer Olympics, he played against Sweden, and Japan completed a come-from-behind victory. It was the first victory in the Olympics for Japan and a historic victory over one of the powerhouses, the team became later known as the "Miracle of Berlin" (ベルリンの奇跡) in Japan. In 2016, the team was selected for the Japan Football Hall of Fame. However, he fractured his right arm in the match, and could not play in the next game against Italy. He played three games for Japan until 1936.

After 1936 Summer Olympics, Horie retired from his playing career and joined the Asahi Shimbun. In 1951, he became a professor at his alma mater, Waseda University. He also became a manager for Waseda University and instructed many international players like Shigeo Yaegashi, Saburo Kawabuchi, Masakatsu Miyamoto, Kunishige Kamamoto, and others.

On March 29, 2003, Horie died of pneumonia in Nakano, Tokyo at the age of 89.

Statistics

|-
|1934||2||0
|-
|1935||0||0
|-
|1936||1||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}

References

Other websites

 Japan Football Hall of Fame (Japan team at 1936 Olympics) at Japan Football Association

1913 births
2003 deaths
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Footballers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Maksim Shatskikh (born 30 August 1978) is a Uzbekistani football player. He plays for Arsenal Kyiv and Uzbekistan national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1996||Sokol Saratov||First League||12||0
|-
|1996||Torpedo Volzhsky||First League||4||0
|-
|1997||Lada Togliatti||First League||22||9
|-
|1998||Gazovik-Gazprom Izhevsk||First League||27||9
|-
|1999||Baltika Kaliningrad||First League||19||5

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="10"|Dynamo Kyiv||rowspan="10"|Premier League||25||20
|-
|2000/01||14||3
|-
|2001/02||17||7
|-
|2002/03||29||22
|-
|2003/04||20||10
|-
|2004/05||29||11
|-
|2005/06||21||5
|-
|2006/07||29||9
|-
|2007/08||23||10
|-
|2008/09||6||0

|-
|2009||Lokomotiv Astana||Premier League||15||9

|-
|2009/10||Arsenal Kyiv||Premier League||||
84||23
213||97
15||9
312||129
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1999||3||6
|-
|2000||4||2
|-
|2001||5||1
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||4||1
|-
|2004||3||2
|-
|2005||6||3
|-
|2006||5||4
|-
|2007||5||8
|-
|2008||9||3
|-
|2009||2||0
|-
!Total||46||30
|}

References

1978 births
Living people
Uzbekistani people
Asian footballers
Rigobert Song Bahanag (born 1 July 1976) is a former Cameroonian football player. He played for Trabzonspor and the Cameroonian national team. He is the first African who has played in four World Cups.

Club career statistics

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="4"|Metz||rowspan="4"|Division 1||24||2
|-
|1995/96||37||0
|-
|1996/97||34||0
|-
|1997/98||28||1

|-
|1998/99||Salernitana||Serie A||4||1

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="3"|Liverpool||rowspan="3"|Premier League||13||0
|-
|1999/00||17||0
|-
|2000/01||3||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|West Ham United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||19||0
|-
|2001/02||5||0

|-
|2001/02||Köln||Bundesliga||16||0

|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Lens||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||35||3
|-
|2003/04||28||0

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="4"|Galatasaray||rowspan="4"|Süper Lig||32||2
|-
|2005/06||29||1
|-
|2006/07||25||1
|-
|2007/08||22||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Trabzonspor||rowspan="2"|Süper Lig||28||0
|-
|2009/10||||
186||6
4||1
57||0
16||0
136||4
399||11
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1993||1||0
|-
|1994||6||0
|-
|1995||2||0
|-
|1996||5||0
|-
|1997||7||0
|-
|1998||12||1
|-
|1999||3||1
|-
|2000||13||0
|-
|2001||10||0
|-
|2002||15||0
|-
|2003||7||0
|-
|2004||11||1
|-
|2005||7||1
|-
|2006||7||0
|-
|2007||6||0
|-
|2008||12||0
|-
|2009||7||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||131||4
|}

References

1976 births
Living people
Cameroonian footballers
Wolfgang Feiersinger (born 30 January 1965) is a former Austrian football player. He has played for Austria national team.

Career
Wolfgang Feiersinger started playing football at his local club 1. Saalfeldner SK. 1986 he went to Austria Salzburg, now known as FC Red Bull Salzburg. With this club he became runner up of the Austrian Bundesliga in 1992 and 1993. His first championship he reached 1994. He was part of the team which reached the UEFA Cup final in the 1993/94 season. In 1996 he went on to Borussia Dortmund where he played in the Championsleague due to the injury of Matthias Samer. But in the final he was not even part of the team which won the UEFA Championsleague. Then he came back to Austria playing for LASK Linz and again for Austria Salzburg. In 2002 he finished his professional career but played for the amateur squad of PSV Schwarz-Weiß Salzburg.

He played 46 matches for the national football team as defender but also as offensive midfielder. He was member of Austrias teame for the FIFA World Cup 1998 in France. Since 2009 he works as host in an alpine hut (Hochwildalmhütte Aurach). His daughter Laura plays for FC Bayern München in the German women league.

Club career statistics

|-
|1989/90||rowspan="8"|Austria Salzburg||rowspan="8"|Bundesliga||31||1
|-
|1990/91||34||2
|-
|1991/92||29||0
|-
|1992/93||33||1
|-
|1993/94||25||0
|-
|1994/95||25||1
|-
|1995/96||24||0
|-
|1996/97||4||1

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Borussia Dortmund||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||16||0
|-
|1997/98||21||0
|-
|1998/99||11||0
|-
|1999/00||9||0

|-
|2000/01||LASK Linz||Bundesliga||25||1
|-
|2001/02||Austria Salzburg||Bundesliga||18||0
248||7
57||0
305||7
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1990||1||0
|-
|1991||1||0
|-
|1992||3||0
|-
|1993||7||0
|-
|1994||7||0
|-
|1995||5||0
|-
|1996||4||0
|-
|1997||6||0
|-
|1998||8||0
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
!Total||45||0
|}

References

1965 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Ernst Franz Hermann Happel (29 November 1925 – 14 November 1992) was a former Austrian football player and football coach. He has played for SK Rapid Wien, RC Paris and the Austria national team.

Club career
Happel started professionally at the age of 17 with SK Rapid Wien as defender. He played only from 1955 till 1956 for another club. In 1999 he was elected for Rapids team of the century.

International
He made his first match for Austria in September 1947 against Hungary and was member of the squad for the 1954 World Cup in Switzerlandand  and the 1958 World Cup in Sweden.His last match was in September 1958 against Yugoslavia. He played 51 times in the team and shot 5 goals.

Honours

As a player

Austrian Football Bundesliga (6):
 1946, 1948, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1957
Austrian Cup (1):
 1946
Zentropa Cup (1):
 1951

As a coach
ADO Den Haag
Dutch Cup: 1967–68
Feyenoord
Dutch Championship: 1970–71
European Cup: 1969–70
Intercontinental Cup: 1970
Club Brugge
Belgian Championship: 1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78
Belgian Cup: 1976–77
UEFA Cup: 1975-76 (Runner-up)
European Cup: 1977-78 (Runner-up)
The Netherlands
FIFA World Cup: (Runner–Up) 1978Hamburger SVGerman Championship: 1981–82, 1982–83
German Cup: 1986–87
European Cup: 1982–83FC Swarovski Tirol'''
Austrian Championship: 1988–89, 1989–90
Austrian Cup: 1988–89

Club career statistics

|-
|1942/43||rowspan="13"|Rapid Wien||rowspan="3"|Gauliga Donau-Alpenland||3||0
|-
|1943/44||11||0
|-
|1944/45||0||0
|-
|1945/46||rowspan="10"|Championship||6||0
|-
|1946/47||16||0
|-
|1947/48||15||0
|-
|1948/49||13||1
|-
|1949/50||21||0
|-
|1950/51||24||1
|-
|1951/52||21||1
|-
|1952/53||24||2
|-
|1953/54||21||3
|-
|1954/55||2||0

|-
|1954/55||rowspan="2"|RC Paris||rowspan="2"|Division 1||14||2
|-
|1955/56||28||7

|-
|1956/57||rowspan="3"|Rapid Wien||rowspan="3"|Championship||18||3
|-
|1957/58||26||7
|-
|1958/59||19||7
240||25
42||9
282||34
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1947||3||0
|-
|1948||6||0
|-
|1949||6||0
|-
|1950||7||0
|-
|1951||6||0
|-
|1952||5||0
|-
|1953||3||2
|-
|1954||7||1
|-
|1955||0||0
|-
|1956||0||0
|-
|1957||4||1
|-
|1958||4||1
|-
!Total||51||5
|}

References

1925 births
1992 deaths
Austria national football team managers
Austrian football managers
Austrian footballers
Sportspeople from Vienna
Players of the Austrian national football team
Eredivisie managers
SK Rapid Wien players
Baboons are monkeys of the genus Papio. They are one of the largest kinds of monkey. It is an intelligent Old World monkey. It lives on the ground in groups called troops. Troops can be as small as a few baboons or as big as several hundred members.

Distribution 

Baboons live in forests and on savannahs in Africa and on the Arabian Peninsula. As they move into the open land, the family groups come together into groups several hundred strong, led by adult males that work together to protect the others from predators.

Diet 
Baboons are omnivores (they eat both plants and meat). They eat grasses, roots, insects and other small animals, like lizards, small mammals, fish, birds, and snakes. In some places, they steal food from humans.

Predators 
Leopards, cheetahs, African wild dogs, lions, hyenas and people hunt the baboon. To scare the predator away, baboons can show their eyelids, show their teeth, chase the predator, and make noise.

To understand their lives, one must see them in their natural environment.

References 

Old World monkeys
Friedrich (Friedl) Koncilia (born 25 February 1948) is a former Austrian football player mainly for FK Austria Wien. He has also played for Austria national team.

Career
At the age of 14 he came to KAC, an icehockeyclub, but the coach of the football department brought him to football. He played in Austria for  Austria Klagenfurt, SSW Innsbruck and Austria Wien. Abroad he played for RSC Anderlecht. He is one of the most successful goalkeepers in Austria. During his career he was 8 times Austrian Champion and six times Cup winner and played 526 league matches, 76 Cup matches and  51 matches in European cups.

For Austria he played 85 matches, his first international match was on 27 September 1970 versus Hungary. His last match was in 1985. For Austria he played in the FIFA World Cup 1978 where he played in the legendary match versus Germany in Cordoba and 1982.

He was chosen as goalkeeper for a FIFA-selection playing versus Argentinia on 25 June 1979  He was goalkeeper in the 2nd half time. He was also goalkeeper in an UEFA-team playing versus CSSR, which celebrated the 70th anniversary.

After the end of his playing career he became coach for Austria Wien, Gamba Osaka and Brandl-Bau Ischl.

Club career statistics

|-
|1969/70||rowspan="2"|Wattens||rowspan="2"|Championship||30||0
|-
|1970/71||30||0
|-
|1971/72||rowspan="8"|Wacker Innsbruck||rowspan="3"|Championship||15||0
|-
|1972/73||30||0
|-
|1973/74||24||0
|-
|1974/75||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||34||0
|-
|1975/76||34||0
|-
|1976/77||36||0
|-
|1977/78||36||0
|-
|1978/79||27||0

|-
|1979/80||Anderlecht||First Division||8||0

|-
|1979/80||rowspan="6"|Austria Wien||rowspan="6"|Bundesliga||19||0
|-
|1980/81||24||0
|-
|1981/82||35||0
|-
|1982/83||30||0
|-
|1983/84||29||0
|-
|1984/85||26||0
459||0
8||0
467||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1970||3||0
|-
|1971||0||0
|-
|1972||1||0
|-
|1973||5||0
|-
|1974||1||0
|-
|1975||7||0
|-
|1976||8||0
|-
|1977||8||0
|-
|1978||11||0
|-
|1979||8||0
|-
|1980||4||0
|-
|1981||3||0
|-
|1982||9||0
|-
|1983||6||0
|-
|1984||6||0
|-
|1985||4||0
|-
!Total||84||0
|}

Honours
Member of the Austrian squad FIFA World Cup: 1978,1982
Member:Austria Wien team of the century (elected 2001)
Member of the FIFA World selection:1979
8 × Austrian Champion: 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1980, 1981, 1984 und 1985
6 × Austrian Cup: 1973, 1975, 1978, 1980, 1982 und 1984;

Manager career
Goalkeeper coach  Austria Wien (1993/94)
Coach of Gamba Osaka (1997/98)
Manager of Austria Wien (1998/99–Nov 2000)
Coach of  Austria Wien (2 April 1999–30 May 1999)
Coach of  Brandl-Bau Bad Ischl (2002–2007)

References

1948 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
Association football goalkeepers
People from Klagenfurt
Players of the Austrian national football team
Toni Polster (born 10 March 1964) is a former Austrian football player. He has played for Austria national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1982/83||rowspan="5"|Austria Wien||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||26||11
|-
|1983/84||23||13
|-
|1984/85||29||24
|-
|1985/86||34||32
|-
|1986/87||35||39

|-
|1987/88||Torino||Serie A||27||9

|-
|1988/89||rowspan="3"|Sevilla||rowspan="3"|La Liga||32||9
|-
|1989/90||35||33
|-
|1990/91||35||13
|-
|1991/92||Logroñés||La Liga||38||14
|-
|1992/93||Rayo Vallecano Madrid||La Liga||31||14

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="5"|Köln||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||26||17
|-
|1994/95||32||17
|-
|1995/96||28||11
|-
|1996/97||32||21
|-
|1997/98||33||13
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Borussia Mönchengladbach||Bundesliga||31||11
|-
|1999/00||2. Bundesliga||7||4

|-
|1999/00||Austria Salzburg||Bundesliga||12||2
159||121
27||9
171||83
189||94
546||307
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1982||1||1
|-
|1983||0||0
|-
|1984||3||0
|-
|1985||4||1
|-
|1986||6||5
|-
|1987||6||2
|-
|1988||6||1
|-
|1989||6||4
|-
|1990||10||1
|-
|1991||2||0
|-
|1992||8||5
|-
|1993||7||1
|-
|1994||7||5
|-
|1995||7||7
|-
|1996||6||2
|-
|1997||8||6
|-
|1998||7||3
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
!Total||95||44
|}

References

1964 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
FC Admira Wacker Mödling managers
Daisuke Saito (born 29 August 1980) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Vegalta Sendai.

Club career statistics

|-
|1999||rowspan="8"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||7||0||0||0||2||0||9||0
|-
|2001||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||22||1||4||0||5||0||31||1
|-
|2003||27||1||1||0||4||0||32||1
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||21||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||23||0
|-
|2005||42||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||43||2
|-
|2006||J. League 1||33||1||1||0||5||0||39||1
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Sanga||J. League 2||48||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||48||2
|-
|2008||J. League 1||2||0||0||0||1||0||3||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||16||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||17||1
|-
|2009||36||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||37||0
|-
|2010||J. League 1||||||||||||||||
254||8||11||0||17||0||282||8
254||8||11||0||17||0||282||8
|}

References
Vegalta Sendai 

1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka