cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Chicago White Sox are a Major League Baseball team who play on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois. The club is in the Central Division of the American League. They are managed by Rick Renteria since 2017.

The White Sox won the 2005 World Series sweeping the Houston Astros in 4 games.   They won the World Series before in 1906 and 1917 before going into an 88-year championship drought.

The Chicago White Sox finished 2006 with a 90-72 record, four games out of first place after taking two of three from the Minnesota Twins in the final week of the season at the Metrodome in Minneapolis. 

The Sox began major league play in 1901. They took their name from the original name of the Chicago Cubs. The Cubs had first been known as the Chicago White Stockings. By 1901, they were being called the Colts. That allowed the new American League team to adopt the old National League team colors.

The Sox first played at South Side Park. In mid-season 1910, they opened Comiskey Park, which was just a few blocks north of South Side Park. They played at Comiskey for over 80 years. In 1991 they opened a park now known as Guaranteed Rate Field, just across the street to the south of Comiskey Park, and have played their home games there ever since.

 
1901 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in Illinois
Gulls, also called seagulls, is a common name that refers to any type of bird. They form the family Laridae, in the order Charadriiformes.

There are many different types of gull but most of them are white, with grey or black wings, a yellow beak and are about the size of a chicken (but some are smaller). Gulls can eat most types of food but like meat more than anything else. They look around for discarded food and dead animals to eat as well as hunting and have learned how to live and breed in the same places as people. Most types of seagull are awake during the day and sleep at night. They like to sleep on beaches  but will also sleep on water, like lakes or the sea when the water is calm.

Gulls used to be found only near the sea, as they are water birds with webbed feet for swimming. They are more common inland these days because they can find food wherever people live, often on garbage dumps or in the streets of towns and cities. Seagulls are intelligent compared to other birds. They have a complicated system of noises and body movements which they use to communicate with other seagulls.

Most types of seagull breed once a year and have two or three chicks (babies). Mother gulls are very protective of their eggs and chicks and will sometimes fight to the death to defend them.

Gulls are not usually eaten by people.

Related pages 

Herring gull
Lesser black-backed gull
General licences under the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981

Charadriiformes
Seabirds
The Warriors is a 1979 movie directed by Walter Hill. It is about a gang called "The Warriors", who are from Coney Island and must return to their home and clear their name after they are accused of killing the leader of another gang at a rally for all the gangs in New York City. The movie has become a cult classic and inspired a video game which came out in 2005.

1979 drama movies
1970s action movies
American action movies
American drama movies
Cult movies
Movies set in New York City
English-language movies
Movies directed by Walter Hill
Coney Island is a peninsula (formerly an island) in Brooklyn, New York. It is famous for its beaches, amusements like the Cyclone wooden roller coaster, Parachute Jump, and Wonder Wheel ferris wheel, boardwalk, and hot dogs. It became a seaside resort in the 19th century. 

It is unsure how Coney Island got its name. It may be because when the Dutch people arrived in New Netherland, this island had many rabbits, so they named it 'Konijn Island', which became 'Coney Island', using the archaic term for rabbit in English. It also may have been named by an Irish pirate, for islands in Sligo bay.

Islands of New York
Brooklyn
Neighborhoods of New York City
The New Orleans Privateers college sports teams for the University of New Orleans (UNO). They play in the NCAA Division I for intercollegiate athletics. The schools teams are a part of the Sun Belt Conference. The University of New Orleans does not currently have a football team.

Sports
The university has teams in the following sports:
 Baseball (Men's)
 Basketball (Men's and women's teams)
 Golf (Men's) 
 Swimming and diving
 Tennis (Men's and women's teams) 
 Volleyball (Women's)

The school did have a football team from 1965 until 1970. During that time, the team had a record of 12 wins, 10 losses and 1 tie. They also won 3 district .

Other websites
 UNOPrivateers.com (Official website)

Sports in New Orleans, Louisiana
Colleges and universities in Louisiana
Stanley Melbourne Bruce (15 April 1883 – 25 August 1967) was the eighth Prime Minister of Australia from February 1923 until October 1929. He became Prime Minister when the Country Party asked Billy Hughes to resign. His government won elections in 1925 and 1928 but lost the 1929 election and Bruce became the first sitting Prime Minister to lose his seat. He was made a Viscount after he left politics.

Bruce was born in Melbourne. He served in the British Army before starting in politics. He fought in World War I, and in 1917 was badly injured while fighting in France. Returning home, he soon became involved in recruiting people for the Army. In 1918, however, he got involved in politics and was elected to the House of Representatives as the member for Flinders, which is near Melbourne. He was appointed Treasurer (finance minister) in 1921.

Bruce was also a diplomat. He served as Minister for External Affairs whilst also serving as Prime Minister. After resigning from Parliament in 1933, he worked in London as Australia's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.

Other websites 

1883 births
1967 deaths
Prime Ministers of Australia
Politicians from Melbourne
Nationalist Party of Australia politicians
United Australia Party politicians
Treasurers of Australia
Australian ministers for Foreign Affairs
Australian military people
World music is the recognition of music from around the world. This genre of music is increasingly used in popular culture. World music is often included into mainstream music. World music can also be part of exhibitions, performances, and shows that travel the world. World music is typically music that describes its own origin by its well-known sound features.

In Western countries it may describe a set of (music) market products collected from traditional music or folk music which were found in different parts of the world. In sampled world music collections the music is sung or played by people who traditionally live in the area. World music can be anything from a short song to a long Indian raga. Hindi music is a very popular genre in the category of world music - made even more famous by Bollywood movies.

World music artists can provide accompaniment, feature, background, or lead. World music groups have traveled the world. World music mixing and jamming is a popular activity among musicians. Some genres of world music have become known in a music category of their own. For example, reggae has achieved near to world-wide recognition. 

Some music contests would considered to be world music in foreign audiences. Eurovision has grown in world popularity since it's beginnings. 

Some songs are sung for international use. Each FIFA World Cup has a song.  K'Naan sung a popular song called "Wave your flag" for the tourney in South Africa. These attributed songs have a 'world music' appeal.

References
Caprinae is a subfamily of the even-toed ungulate family Bovidae. Animals of the Caprinae subfamily are called caprid or goat-antelope.

The domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and domestic goat (Capra hircus) are part of this group.

Taxonomy
 Subfamily Caprinae
 Genus Pantholops
 Tibetan antelope or Chiru (Pantholops hodgsonii)
 Genus Capricornis
 Genus Naemorhedus: Gorals
 Himalayan goral, Naemorhedus goral
 Long-tailed goral, Naemorhedus caudatus
 Red goral, Naemorhedus baileyi
 Chinese goral, Naemorhedus griseus
 Genus Oreamnos
 Mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus)
 Genus Rupicapra
 Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra)
 Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica)
 Genus Myotragus
 Myotragus balearicus †
 Genus Budorcas
 Takin (Budorcas taxicolor)
 Genus Ovibos
 Musk ox (Ovibos moschatus)
 Genus Hemitragus
 Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus)
 Genus Nilgiritragus
 Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius)
 Genus Arabitragus
 Arabian tahr (Arabitragus jayakiri)
 Genus Capra
 Wild goat (Capra aegagrus)
 Alpine ibex (Capra ibex)
 Walia ibex (Capra walie)
 West Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica)
 East Caucasian tur (Capra cylindricornis)
 Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica)
 Markhor (Capra falconeri)
 Genus Pseudois
 Bharal (Pseudois nayaur)
 Dwarf blue sheep (Pseudois schaeferi)
 Genus Ammotragus
 Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia)
 Genus Ovis

Images
The domestic goat (Capra hircus or Capra aegagrus hircus) is a domesticated mammal. It comes from the wild goat. A male goat is called a buck and a castrated goat is called a wether, a female is called a doe. Young goats are called kids.

People eat their meat, drink their milk, and use their fur and skin. With goat milk, cheese can be made, along with other dairy products like yogurt. Some farmers use goats to eat plants the farmers do not want, such as weeds. Other times, the goats are used to keep grasses and other plants from getting too tall. This also benefits the goat because they get plenty of food to eat. 

The goat has cloven hooves, a long beard on its chin, a short tail that turns up, and horns that grow up from the head in an arc. The hair is straight with a woolly coat under it during winter. Goats have rectangular irises. They are one of the few species to have these unique eyes.

The goat is about 70-120 cm (28-48 inches). They weigh from 45-54 kg (100-120 lb.) during adulthood. 

The diet of the goat includes eating grass, leaves, shrubs, root vegetables, and other kinds of plants. Some ranchers use goats to clear brush and unwanted plants from their pastures. Goats living in the desert, where plants are quite hard to find, have been seen climbing trees to get food.

Goats are smart and active. They enjoy playing with other goats and climbing. They are social animals that may live in groups or herds.

List of goat breeds

Notes

References 

Caprids
Domesticated animals
Major Richard Sharpe is a fictional character. He is the main character in a series of books written by Bernard Cornwell. Many of the books have been made into television movies, where the stories were told in a different order from the books. Sharpe's story is set during the Napoleonic Wars. Sharpe has a series of "sword waving" adventures.

So far, the writer has written 21 books, from "Sharpe's Tiger" to "Sharpe's Devil". The first book is set in the year 1799, while the last is set in the years 1820 to 1821. There were also three short stories set between other books. All the stories cover the Napoleonic Wars, as well as a prelude in India detailing Sharpe's rise to the rank of Ensign. The final book looks at Sharpe on a mission to rescue his old friend, the Spanish Captain General Don Blas Vivar, in Chile.

Books and short stories 
Here is the order of the books and short stories, with the year the story is set:

Film story 
Born in London to a poor mother, Sharpe spent most of his youth in the inner city of London. When he killed someone, he went away to Yorkshire. He then joined a British line battalion, a regiment in the British Army. He was sent to India, where he saved the Duke of Wellington's life. For this, he was given a field commission to the rank of Lieutenant. He was then transferred to a Highland regiment, where he was not wanted, and was transferred into the 95th Rifles at Shorncliffe back in England. The 95th Rifles was then sent to northern Spain with General Moore's army. It was in Spain that he became friends with Patrick Harper.

In the latest adventure "Sharpe's Challenge", Sharpe and Harper go to India to fight some villains.

References
 Adkin, Mark. The Sharpe Companion: A Detailed Historical and Military Guide to Bernard Cornwell’s Bestselling Series of Sharpe Novels. London; New York: Harper Collins, 1998. , , .
 Adkin, Mark. The Sharpe Companion: Early Years. London; New York: Harper Collins, 2003. , .
 Bluth, B. J. Marching With Sharpe. London; New York: Harper Collins, 2001. , .

Characters in written fiction
A protest is when a lot of people come together to show others that they strongly like or are against an idea or event. For example, some people protest racism or war. 

There are many ways in which people can protest. Protesters can do things like write letters, not eat food, sing songs, or riot.

Related pages
 Demonstration
 Protestant
 Sit-in

Basic English 850 words
Social sciences
Roskilde () was the capital of Denmark until 1443. Since then, Copenhagen has been the capital.

The most important church in Denmark is in Roskilde. It is where the dead Danish kings are buried. The city also have a yearly music festival called Roskilde Festival. The festival is one of two biggest in Europe.

Roskilde has a population of about 54,000. An important economic activity is tourism.

Famous people from Roskilde

 Jens Adolf Jerichau (d. 1916), painter
 Peter Madsen (1978-), footballer
 Kevin Magnussen (1992-), racing driver
Lise Nørgaard, writer, journalist, screenwriter

References

Cities in Denmark
The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (sometimes shortened to SEHK), is a stock exchange located in Hong Kong. It is East Asia's and Asia's third largest stock exchange in terms of market capitalization behind the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Shanghai Stock Exchange, and the sixth largest in the world before Euronext. As of 31 October 2016, SEHK had 1,955 listed companies, 989 of which are from mainland China (Red chip, H share and P chip), 856 from Hong Kong and 110 from other countries and region (e.g. Macau, Taiwan, Malaysia, United States, Singapore, etc.)  Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing owns SEHK and is itself listed on SEHK.

The physical trading floor at Exchange Square (Hong Kong) closed in 2017, due to the shift towards electronic trading. By 2014, it accounted for less than 1% of trade volume.

Hong Kong Stock Exchange (Traditional Chinese: 香港交易所, also 港交所; sometimes shortened to HKEX ; SEHK: 0388) is a stock exchange in Hong Kong.

It is mostly owned by Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing, which also controls Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited (HKFE) and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited.

References 

Stock exchanges in Asia
Hong Kong
Aalborg is a city in Denmark. About 123,000 people live there, which makes it the fourth largest city in Denmark.

Aalborg was founded around 700 A.D. and was heard about for the first time in the year 1040.
It was a proper city in 1342 and became the seat of a Lutheran bishop in 1554. 

Aalborg is in Northern Jutland, near the Limfjord.

Cities in Denmark
700s establishments
Esbjerg is a city in Denmark, on the peninsula Jutland.

It has about 82,000 inhabitants and is the 5th largest city of Denmark. The growing began in the 1860s, because Denmark lost its North Sea harbors to Prussia in the Danish-Prussian-Austrian war.
The new harbor was built in Esbjerg.

Cities in Denmark
Port cities and towns of the North Sea

fo:Esbjerg kommuna
Dirham is a unit of currency in several Arabic-speaking nations, including:

 The Moroccan dirham
 The United Arab Emirates dirham
 1/1000 of the Libyan dinar
 1/100 of the Qatari riyal
 1/10 of the Jordanian dinar
 The dirham, spelt 'diram,' is 1/100 of the Tajikistani somoni.

Historically, the word "dirham" is comes from 'dirhem' which comes from the name of a Greek coin, the Drachm; the Byzantine Empire controlled the Levant and traded with Arabia, circulating the coin there in pre-Islamic times and afterward. It was this currency which was first used as an Arab word. Near the end of the 7th century, the coin became an Islamic currency. It had the name of the sovereign and a religious verse on it. The dirham was used by many Mediterranean countries, including Spain. It could be used as currency in Europe between the 10th and 12 centuries.

Similar currencies
The Armenian dram is a currency whose name bears a similar origin. The dinar is a currency used in the Muslim world but originating with the Romans.

Currency of Africa
Currency of Asia
Currency of Europe
A wormhole is a theoretical passage through space creating a shortcut through time and space. It is not known whether or not they exist.

Scientists believe that if wormholes existed they could not be made following any traditional scientific methods. In order to hold a wormhole open, a form of theoretical exotic matter would be needed. Otherwise the wormhole would simply disappear very quickly after its creation. If plotted on a 2-dimensional plane, the wormhole bends the plane, like folding a paper, so that the two ends would be touching (as seen in the picture). The term wormhole was first used by John Wheeler, a theoretical physicist. It is also known as an Einstein-Rosen bridge. A wormhole is much like a tunnel with two ends each in separate points in space time. Researchers have no observational evidence for wormholes.

Wormholes are a common element in science fiction because they allow rapid interstellar, intergalactic, and sometimes even interuniversal travel. In fiction, wormholes have also served as a method for time travel. This popular fiction allows interstellar travel within human lifetimes. This would allow time travel, also a popular fiction. A proposed time-travel machine using a traversable wormhole would hypothetically work in the following way: One end of the wormhole is accelerated to some significant fraction of the speed of light, perhaps with some advanced propulsion system, and then brought back to the point of origin. Alternatively, another way is to take one entrance of the wormhole and move it to within the gravitational field of an object that has higher gravity than the other entrance, and then return it to a position near the other entrance. For both of these methods, time dilation causes the end of the wormhole that has been moved to have aged less, or become "younger", than the stationary end as seen by an external observer; however, time connects differently through the wormhole than outside it, so that synchronized clocks at either end of the wormhole will always remain synchronized as seen by an observer passing through the wormhole, no matter how the two ends move around.

References 

Relativity
A referee is an official who watches a whole game of sports and makes all the decisions. The players of the sport being watched must always admit that the referee is always right, even if they aren't. Usually, if any player argues, they can get a yellow card or even sent off with a red card. Referees use a whistle so players and fans can hear when play needs to be stopped. Sometimes referees may have Assistant referees to help them just in case they didn't see something or for offsides in Football (soccer).

Referees usually wear clothing to separate them from the players. Most referees wear white and black shirts or an all black uniform.

Referee abuse 
Referee abuse is any abuse towards and referee (referee, assistant referee, fourth/fifth officials) verbally or physically. If a player physically abuses a referee, for example if they push, hit, or kick them, they can be shown a red card, suspended for multiple matches, or even be criminally charged and spend time in jail if the abuse was serious enough and be banned from the game for life. 

Sports occupations
A throw-in in football (soccer) is when the ball has come off the opposite team, the other team picks that ball up and throws it in and the game continues.

Rules
The throw-in is made at the place, where the ball left the field.
The throw in is delivered by the team who has not touched the ball before he left the field.
The thrower must look to the field of play.
He must stand with both feet on the ground on or outside the touch line .
He must use both hands to throw the ball from behind and over their head.
You can not score a goal directly after a throw in.
The opposite players must stand at least 2 meters away.
During the throw-in the offside rule is not used.

Other facts
The best way to do a throw in is to throw the ball in an angle of about 30 degrees. Then you can reach the maximum distance.
Rory Delap, a midfielder for Stoke City is known for his long-throw ins which led to many goals for Stoke City.
Also Christian Schwegler of FC Red Bull Salzburg is known for his throw ins.

References

Football (soccer) terminology
A patch is a piece of a flexible material used to repair an object that has a hole in it, to protect an object from damage even before it is damaged, or to decorate clothing or other fabric items.

Cloth patches

For repairs 
Cloth patches are rectangles of cloth that are used to cover up holes in clothing and other fabric items. Patches are usually used on clothes and soft things like cushions, teddy bears and blankets. Patches are sewn on with a needle and thread or glued on using a hot iron.

For decoration 
Many types of uniforms use cloth patches that have embroidered words or images on them. For example, police officers' uniforms have patches that state the name of the police force. Military uniforms have patches that have the flag of the country embroidered on them and the military unit that the soldier is part of. Many uniforms for businesses have cloth patches with the name of the company and the company logo embroidered on them. 

As well, many people wear patches on their regular clothing. Some patches are sold by tourist stores. These patches have the name of a region on them. Other patches worn by teenagers have the names and logos of rock bands on them. Motorcycle biker gang members, such as members of the Hells Angels  wear patches on their leather vests that state the name of their gang and the logo of the gang.

Leather patches 
Leather patches are rectangles of leather that are used to cover up holes in clothing and other fabric items. Leather patches are usually used on heavy-duty work clothes, or on the elbows of jackets, or on the knees of pants. Leather patches are sewn on with a needle and thread.

Rubber patches 
Rubber patches are rectangles, squares, or circular pieces of flat, thin rubber that are glued onto bicycle tire inner tubes, car tire inner tubes, and inflatable toys to repair holes.

Clothing
The word savanna comes from a Panamanian word for prairie or plains. 
They are covered with tall grasses. They may have scattered bushes and trees, but not enough to keep grasses from growing.  The most common definition of savanna is the tropical grassland, such as in Africa. They have seasonal rains and dry periods.  All savanna plants and trees can survive periods of drought. Most savannas  get enough rain to support the forest, but the forest never happens because something keeps the trees from growing.  This can be animals that graze and knock over trees (like elephants in Africa), or fires that kill most kinds of trees.  Instead there is lots of grasses and other plants that can regrow from the roots.

Africa
The savannas of Africa are the best known savannas. Some herbivores found in the savanna are antelopes, impalas, gazelles, buffalos, wildebeests, zebras, rhinos, giraffes, elephants, and warthogs. There is also a large number of carnivores, including cats (lions, leopards, cheetahs, servals), dogs (jackals, wild dogs), and hyenas. The vegetation in the Eastern African is also rich with grass and some scattered trees, mostly acacia trees.  The dry season is the winter, from December to February it may not rain at all.  But in the summer there is lots of rain.

North America

In North America, the word savanna is also used to describe the tall grass prairies that have scattered trees, typically oaks.  This is a temperate climate (colder than the tropics).  It is called an oak savanna since the oak tree is the main tree.  At least half of the view of the sky must be open.  If there are more trees, then it is called a grove or a woodland.  If there are fewer trees, it is a prairie. (If there are many kinds of trees and brush and very little grass, then it is a forest).  Oak savannas are found in California and Oregon on the west coast.  In the southwest it is found in Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico.  In the midwest it is found in the tall-grass prairie.  Often a grove or a savanna is east of a river, which stopped the fire often enough to let trees grow.  Large oak trees will survive grass fires.  The savannas in the midwest of the United States are kept open by regular fires, not because it is too dry for many trees.

South America
Brazil's cerrado is an open woodland of short twisted trees. The are many kinds of plants and animals here, many that don't exist anywhere else on earth.
The llanos of the Orinoco basin of Venezuela and Colombia are grass savannas, some parts of it get flooded every year.

Australia
Northern Australia also has a savanna. Eucalyptus trees are the main tree in the Australian savanna. There are many species of kangaroos but not much else.

References

Habitats
Grasslands
A peasant is a name for a person that worked for others on a farm and never had much money. They usually wore rough clothes and lived in small houses.

The word peasant came from the French word for "country" in the medieval era (15th century). In feudalism peasants, like other farmers, had to be able to do a number of jobs on the farm. They lived in rural areas and made up a large amount of the population. Most peasants could not read or write. They did not usually talk with the higher society unless it was about work. Some were serfs meaning they were not free to leave their lord's land.

Male peasants were not the only ones who worked in the fields. Their wives and other woman also worked in the fields if necessary. Female peasants usually did women's work in the house such as cooking, cleaning, making clothes, and looking after children.

They worked all the time, except sometimes on Sundays they would get a break, and when the harvesting season was over they got a longer break. 

People by wealth or status
Mary Donaldson, Crown Princess of Denmark (5 February 1972) was born in Hobart, Tasmania. She is the youngest daughter of John Dalgleish Donaldson, a professor of applied mathematics, and Henrietta Clark Donaldson. Her parents were Scots. She has two sisters and one brother. She graduated from University of Tasmania in 1994 with a bachelor's degree in Commerce and Law.

On May 14, 2004, Princess Mary and Prince Frederik of Denmark were married in Copenhagen Cathedral. They have four children: HRH Prince Christian, HRH Princess Isabella, HRH Prince Vincent and HRH Princess Josephine. The Crown Prince Couple live both in Frederik VIII’s Palace at Amalienborg and in the Chancellery House at Fredensborg Palace.

References

1972 births
Living people
Danish royalty
People from Hobart
Princes and princesses
Secondary school is the next step up from primary school. Secondary schools are often called high schools or middle school in United States. In Britain, secondary schools may be public schools, grammar schools or comprehensive schools.

In Australia, a person will generally begin secondary school when they are at the age of 12 and finish (or graduate) when they are either 16 or 18 years of age. This is dependent upon whether they finish with year levels (or grades) 11 and 12. In secondary school, a person will advance through the year levels (or grades) each year.

In the United Kingdom, a person starts secondary school at the age of 11 and generally finishes secondary at either 16 or 18 depending on whether the secondary school has a sixth form offering post 16 education.

In the United States school system, secondary school is usually divided into two separate schools. One is called middle school and consists grades 6, 7, and 8. And the other is called high school and has grades 9 through 12. A person generally starts middle school at age 11 or 12 and starts high school at age 14 or 15 and finishes at age 18. 

Generally a student goes to the high school for four years. Depending on the laws in each individual state, a student can drop out of high school; the minimum age is 16. If the student does graduate, he/she can plan to continue his/her studies to college or a university, or just join the workforce. 

In some schools in Australia years 11 and 12 are just a normal part of high school. Some other schools may only progress through to year 10; in this case students will then go to college (years 11 and 12).

At the end of secondary school, students will usually take a unified examination. For example, students finishing secondary school in England take the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE).

Types of educational institutions
A choice is the act of choosing. It is the selection of an optional act, in other words, it has to be an act which allows us a choice. A choice is a decision between alternatives.

We all make choices everyday, from what we are going to have for breakfast to whether we drive or walk to work. 

The field of economics examines how people make choices about how to use scarce resources and goods, such as their money or free time. Some ways of thinking such as existentialism argue that people's choices and decisions are very important.

Social sciences
Causality
Lutheranism is a denomination within the Christian religion.

The namesake who led the Lutherans in their protest against the Roman Catholic Church was Martin Luther. He began this protest against the Catholic Church in the 14th century. Luther was a German priest, theologian, and university professor in Wittenberg. He worked to improve the theology and practices of the Roman Catholic Church, primarily indulgences and abuses of power by the Bishop of Rome. This overall movement is known as the Protestant Reformation.

Lutheranism started when Martin Luther and his followers were excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church. Luther’s ideas helped begin the Protestant Reformation. Other reformation leaders who separated from the Roman Catholic Church agreed with Luther on some things, but criticized him for not separating himself far enough from Roman Catholic doctrine (see John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli).

Lutherans believe the Bible is the first and only authoritative source for Christian faith and teaching. Like other Christians, they believe in the Trinity, that Jesus Christ was both God and man, that all humans are sinful since Adam and Eve (see original sin), and that humans are saved by Jesus' death on the cross. Lutherans believe that the central idea to all of their beliefs is that humans are saved by grace alone through faith alone because of Jesus Christ alone (see Justification (theology)). The main points of Lutheran theology were summed up in 1530 by Philip Melanchthon in the writing called The Augsburg Confession.

Similarities with the Roman Catholic faith include (but are not limited to) liturgy, doctrine of the real presence of the Eucharist, baptism, and Original Sin. Unlike Roman Catholicism, Lutheran pastors and bishops are allowed to marry, do not pray for intercession with the saints (including Mary), reject the authority (and infallibility) of the Pope or Magisterium, and more.

Major American denominations include the Evangelical Lutheran Church of America (ELCA), the Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod (LCMS), and the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS), and the North American Lutheran Conference (NALC).

References 

Protestantism in Germany
 
Martin Luther
Protestant Reformation
A plow or plough is a simple machine used in farming. A plow is pulled across the ground by a human or animal. When pulled across the ground, the plow lifts up dirt and makes two lines of dirt behind it. The dirt lifted by the plow is more loose than before. Ground that has been plowed is a good place for a farmer to grow food.

History 

Early in the agricultural revolution, simple hand-held digging sticks or hoes would have been used in areas with good soil, such as the area near the Nile River in Africa. At the Nile, the annual flood makes the soil better by rejuvenating it, to create places where seeds could be planted. To help crops grow in areas where floods were rare, the soil had to be rejuvenated in a different way. This is when plowing was first used, and hoes were the first plows.

Basic English 850 words
Agricultural machinery
Farming tools
Madeline is a popular children's book series. It was written by American author Ludwig Bemelmans. The first book in the series, Madeline, was published in 1939. The book was very successful. In the 1940s and 1950s, Bemelmans wrote many more sequels to the original. Bemelman’s grandson, John Bemelmans-Mariano, writes the series of books to this day. There are 16 Madeline books. The books were later made into a television series and a movie.

In two straight lines...
The books and the television show describe the adventures of  Madeline's life in the late 1940s in France.  Madeline is the smallest and youngest girl at her school. She is also the liveliest and the most popular. Madeline is not afraid of anything. She laughs at tigers in the zoo and taunts bullies. She even runs away to join a circus. She is also a very kind friend to the rest of the children at her school, and never loses her smile. Madeline attends a convent school in the heart of France with eleven other students. They leave the house at half past nine every morning in rain or shine. Miss Clavel is their teacher and a nun. The girls of her school mean more to her than anything. Miss Clavel is worried about Madeline because she is an orphan and has no family.

Although Madeline is set in France, with French accents, it is very popular all over the world, especially in the United States and in the Philippines, where a Filipino version was aired in the TV station ABS-CBN. Madeline has many internet pages including an official website and fan club.

Other websites 
 Official Madeline website
 
 
 

Series of books
Children's books
1939 books

es:Madeline
An apartment (US English) or flat (British English) is a place to live that is only part of a larger building. Usually it is a group of rooms on one floor of a highrise building in a city, where land is too expensive for people to have separate houses. An apartment that people own is called a condominium or "condo". A proper apartment has an owner called a landlord who charges money ("rent money" or "rent") from the people who live there ("tenants").

An apartment building or block of flats may have a few or many apartments. Each apartment is a separate room or set of rooms for people to live in. Sometimes an apartment will only be one small room, and tenants will have to share other rooms like the bathroom and kitchen. Other times, tenants will only share an entrance hallway with different doors leading to each apartment. This shared area is often cared for by a janitor or caretaker.

An apartment complex or housing estate is a group of apartment buildings. In an apartment complex, all of the apartment buildings are usually made in a similar way.

In many apartments, the tenants only pay the landlord for renting the apartment, and they have to pay other people to provide utilities like electricity and heat. In some apartments, especially the ones in apartment complexes, the tenants will have to pay more to rent the apartment, but in return the landlord will give them things like utilities, laundry rooms (where people wash their clothing), exercise rooms, and parking spaces for bicycles, motorcycles, and cars.

Apartment buildings are more common in cities than single apartments or houses, because there is less room in a city to fit buildings. Building a house for one family in a dense city would cost an enormous amount of money compared to building a house outside of a city.

Kinds of apartments

In a studio apartment, there is a single large room instead of separate rooms for the living room, bedroom, and other areas. Usually the bathroom is a separate room.

A garden apartment building is usually no more than three stories high and grouped around a courtyard. Sometimes a garden apartment has its own building entrance and a one car garage underneath it.

Accommodations
Gilmore Girls is an American television series. It is about a single mother Lorelai Victoria Gilmore (Lauren Graham) and her teenage daughter Lorelai “Rory” Leigh Gilmore (Alexis Bledel). They live together in a fictional small town called Stars Hollow, Connecticut. The show aired on television from October 5, 2000 until May 15, 2007. Gilmore Girls was created by Amy Sherman-Palladino. She also acted as the executive producer during the first six series with her husband Daniel Palladino. The show first aired on The WB network and moved to the CW network when the WB merged with UPN.

Gilmore Girls episodes are an hour long. It has very witty storylines that explored family, generational divides, love, and friendship. It has the makings of a comedy because of the fast paced dialogue, the wild references and sense of humour that was in the program. Gilmore Girls is set in Stars Hollow, a fictional town where everyone knew each other and many strange types of people walked the streets.

Characters

Other websites 
 Official Site 
 
 Episode reviews and comments  from TelevisionWithoutPity.com

2000 American television series debuts
2007 American television series endings
2000s American television series
American drama television series
American teen drama television series
Connecticut
Television series about families
Television series set in Connecticut
WB network shows
English-language television programs
The WB original programming
The nasal cavity (or nasal fossa) is a large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face.

Function
The nose cavity is divided into a right and left passageway. The tissue that covers the wall of your nasal cavity contains many blood vessels. Heat from the blood in the vessels helps warm the air as you breathe. Moisture (small amount of water) is added to the air you breath by special cells in the walls of the nasal cavity. The air is warmed and moistened before it reaches your lungs.
Cilia (small hairs) and mucus along the inside wall of the nasal cavity trap and remove dust and germs from the air as it flows through the nasal cavity. The cilia move the mucus down the nasal cavity to the pharynx, where it can be swallowed.

Location
The nasal cavity is covered by the nasal bone. The top of the inside of the mouth separates the nasal cavity from the mouth. 
The nasal cavity is divided in two by a vertical fin called the nasal septum. On the sides of the nasal cavity are three horizontal outgrowths called turbinates. These turbinates guide the air through the nasal cavity. The vomeronasal organ is found at the back of the septum and has a role in finding pheromones.

Diseases
Diseases of the nasal cavity include viral infections and nasal cavity cancer. Picking your nose can lead to bloody noses as well.

Other websites

 Gross anatomy dissection of the nasal cavity, video   and  
Nose
Anatomy of the respiratory system
Daniel Jacob Radcliffe (born 23 July 1989) is a British actor. He is most famous for playing Harry in the movies based on J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter books.

Career
Radcliffe started acting in school plays when he was in primary school. When he was ten years old, he played the part of the young David Copperfield in the TV show David Copperfield. 

In 2001, he played Mark Pendel in the movie Tailor of Panama. Later that year, he was chosen to play Harry Potter in the movie Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (called Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone in the United States). He has also played Harry in the other Harry Potter movies.

Filmography
 2001: The Tailor of Panama
 2001: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
 2002: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
 2004: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
 2005: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
 2007: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
 2007: December Boys
 2009: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
 2010: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part I
 2011: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part II
 2012: The Woman in Black
 2013: Kill Your Darlings
 2013: Horns

References

Other websites
 
 DanRadcliffe.co.uk 
 DanRadcliffe.com 
 Daniel Radcliffe interview for Order of the Phoenix at TheCinemaSource.com

British atheists
British child actors
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Actors from London
1989 births
Living people
Juice is a liquid that comes from plants, animals or fruit. The juice from fruit is often made into a drink. Some fruits that are often made into drinks are apple, orange, tomato, pineapple, grapefruit, guava, mango, passionfruit, watermelon, cranberry, grape, lemon and lime, but there are many others. 

In the United Kingdom the name of a fruit or fruits followed by juice can only legally be used to describe something which is 100% fruit juice. This is because of the Fruit Juices and Fruit Nectars (England) Regulations and the Fruit Juices & Fruit Nectars (Scotland) Regulations 2003.

Juice can be bought from a store, already in bottles. Companies sell fruit juice just like any other drink. Juices are made by squeezing the juice out of the fruit.

If something has a lot of juice in it, it is said to be juicy. Juice does not have to be a drink. It can just be a liquid contained in something.

Some Juices could be healthy. Orange juice has vitamin C, folic acid, and potassium which may help prevent various diseases.

References 

Drinks
Disinfectant is a liquid used to destroy and kill unwanted germs and parasites. It is often used in the activity of cleaning, especially in bathrooms and kitchens, as they are the areas most likely to be contaminated with dangerous microorganisms.  Disinfectants are dangerous liquids and should be used carefully because they can be deadly to humans and animals when in large amounts; it is also different to antiseptics for this reason - disinfectants can only be used on non-living things, while antiseptics are not strong enough to combat the germs disinfectant fights. 

Types of Disinfectant
Disinfectant types are classified based on various types of applications. 
Different disinfectants are used differently. 

Four types of disinfectant:
 Air Disinfectant – These types of disinfectants are applicable in hospitals.
 Phenols – These are household types of disinfectants.
 Alcohol – These are surface disinfection type.
 Oxidizing Agents – These are water treatment types of disinfectants.  

Healthy lifestyle
A floor is a horizontal surface inside a building. People walk on a floor. A floor can be made of many different materials, including concrete, tiling, or wooden floorboards. People often put carpets on a floor. 

The word "floor" can also mean the level in a building. Another word for this is "storey".

The way these levels are numbered may be different in different countries. In Britain and most of Europe, the ground level floors are called the "ground floor", the next level is called the "first floor". In most of the United States, Russia and China, the floor at ground level is called the "first floor", the next level is called the "second floor". This can be confusing for people visiting other countries.

Gymnasts also perform an event on floor. The women perform a routine to music, and the men perform a routine without music.

References 

Basic English 850 words
The Ateneo de Manila University (also called "Ateneo de Manila" or simply "the Ateneo") is a private university run by the Society of Jesus in the Philippines. Its main campus is at Loyola Heights in Quezon City, Metro Manila. It offers elementary, secondary, undergraduate, and graduate level education. It teaches many things, for example Arts, Humanities, Business, Law, Social Sciences, Theology, and Pure and Applied Sciences.

Institution 
The Ateneo de Manila University has three campuses in Metro Manila. Several thousand teachers teach students of different ages, from elementary to postgraduate. The Loyola Schools have around 7,500 undergraduate students and around 3,000 graduate students, making the Ateneo small, in number of students, compared to many other Philippine universities.

The University began in 1859 when the City of Manila turned over the Escuela Municipal, a public primary school in Intramuros, to Spanish Jesuits. The school took the name Ateneo when it began teaching secondary education in 1865, and it has since grown into a university.

Colleges and universities in the Philippines
Jerry Seinfeld (born April 29, 1954) is an American comedian and actor.

Seinfeld is known by many people for his television show, Seinfeld, which he created, wrote and acted in. The show won many awards. These included the Emmy and Golden Globe Awards.

Seinfeld wrote the movie Bee Movie. He was the voice of Barry B. Benson.

Seinfeld was born in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. His father, Kalmen Seinfeld (1918–1985), was of Austrian Jewish background. His mother, Betty (1915- ), is of Syrian Jewish descent.

Work

Film

Television

Stand-up home video appeareances

Video games

Discography 
Comedy specials

Directing

Bibliography 
SeinLanguage (1993)
Halloween (2002)
Is This Anything? (2020)

Writing credits for Seinfeld

The list below only includes episodes mainly written by Seinfeld, as he (and Larry David in Seasons 1 through 7) rewrote the drafts for each episode.

References

1954 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from New York City
Jewish American actors
Jewish American comedians
Seinfeld