cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The word longevity means long life, or life expectancy. It often means someone or something lasting longer than expected. 

Longevity usually includes thinking about methods to extend life. Longevity has been a topic not only for the scientific community but also for writers of science fiction and utopian novels.

Longevity stories
Longevity stories are cultural traditions and lore about exceptional human longevity, with or without eternal youth. These stories include sincere beliefs of claims of extreme age. Each category of belief is based on a different motivation for claiming exceptional age.

Stories of exaggerated longevity have been around since the earliest civilizations. The first longevity narratives were probably the patriarchal/matriarchal claims, which are often an attempt to link humans to the gods or to God due to fuller life. In some religious traditions there are claims that, if one follows a certain philosophy or practice, one can become immortal or at least live to an extreme age.

Fountain of Youth narratives describe some natural source that provides healing and particularly longevity and youthful health. An extension and adaptation of the fountain of youth concept is the idea that a particular place, rather than a substance, carries what is needed to attain extreme age, and that a person seeking extreme longevity needs to move to a special district.

Predictions
The U.S. Census Bureau predicts that life expectancy in the United States will be in the mid-80s by 2050 (up from 77.85 in 2006) and will top out eventually in the low 90s, barring major scientific advances that can change the rate of human aging itself, as opposed to merely treating the effects of aging as is done today. The Census Bureau also predicted that the United States would have 5.3 million people aged over 100 in 2100. The United Nations has also made projections far out into the future, up to 2300, at which point it projects that life expectancies in most developed countries will be between 100 and 106 years and still rising, though more and more slowly than before. However, the UN has warned that these projections are uncertain, and caution that any change or advancement in medical technology could invalidate their projections.

Related pages
List of centenarians

Notes

Other websites
List of famous people, how old they died, year and month. For example: 40 years, 1 month, John Lennon

Life
Demography
Population
Gerontology
Healthy lifestyle
Judit Polgár (born 23 July 1976) is a Hungarian chess grandmaster. She is by far the strongest female chess player in history,p312 yet she has never played in the Women's World Chess Championship. In 1991 she got the title of Grandmaster (GM) at 15 years, 4 months. She was, at that time, the youngest person to do so. Polgár is now ranked number 51 in the world, the only woman on FIDE's Top 100 Players list; she has been ranked as high as eighth.

Life 
Judit and her two sisters were educated at home by their father. She always preferred playing in the open events, making it clear from the start that she wanted to become the true world chess champion regardless of gender. This considerably annoyed the Hungarian Chess Federation, which had visions of winning the Women's World Championship after decades of Soviet domination. Paid substantial appearance fees by the Hungarian Chess Federation,p106 the family did play in two female-only events. The Hungarians (nicknamed 'Polgaria') won the Women's Chess Olympiads, with a team packed with Polgárs, in 1988 and 1990.p106; 156 Zsuzsa, Judit, Sofia (the least strong sister) and Ildiko Madl were the team which pushed the Soviet Union into second place for the first time.

In 1994 Judit suffered a controversial defeat at the hands of then-world champion Garry Kasparov, the highest-rated chessplayer of all time. Kasparov changed his mind after making a losing move and then made another move instead. According to chess rules, once a player has released a piece s/he cannot make a different move, so Kasparov should have been made to play his original move. However, Polgár did not challenge this because she says there were no witnesses and an arbiter was not around. She was also unaware at the time that the re-move was caught on tape by a television crew. The tournament director was criticised for not forfeiting Kasparov when the videotape evidence was made available to him.

In the event, Polgar has not reached the top of the game (very few do), and now is the mother of two children. Nevertheless, she has broken the gender barrier in chess: she has proved that a woman can reach the top ten. Her sister, Susan Polgar, who now lives in the U.S.A., did become Women's World Champion, and also a full Grandmaster.

References 
Polgar, Susan & Truong, Paul 2005. Breaking through: how the Polgar sisters changed the game of chess. Everyman Chess. 

1976 births
Living people
Hungarian chess players
Hungarian Jews
Sportspeople from Budapest
Chess grandmasters
Paul Stalteri (born 18 October 1977) is a Canadian soccer player. He plays for Borussia Mönchengladbach and Canada national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1997||Toronto Lynx||USISL A-League||16||8

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="8"|Werder Bremen||rowspan="8"|Bundesliga||0||0
|-
|1998/99||0||0
|-
|1999/00||0||0
|-
|2000/01||31||1
|-
|2001/02||22||3
|-
|2002/03||33||0
|-
|2003/04||33||2
|-
|2004/05||32||0

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="3"|Premier League||33||1
|-
|2006/07||6||1
|-
|2007/08||3||0
|-
|2007/08||Fulham||Premier League||13||0

|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Borussia Mönchengladbach||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||16||0
|-
|2009/10||||
16||8
167||6
55||2
238||16
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1997||1||0
|-
|1998||1||0
|-
|1999||10||1
|-
|2000||15||0
|-
|2001||5||1
|-
|2002||7||1
|-
|2003||8||3
|-
|2004||2||0
|-
|2005||1||0
|-
|2006||2||0
|-
|2007||10||1
|-
|2008||11||0
|-
|2009||6||0
|-
!Total||79||7
|}

References

1977 births
Living people
Canadian footballers
Sportspeople from Ontario
Ricardo Souza Silva (born 26 November 1926) is a Brazilian football player.

References

1975 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Viktor Onopko (born 14 October 1969) is a former Russian football player. He has played for Soviet Union national team and Russia national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1986||Stakhanovets Stakhanov||||4||2
|-
|1987||rowspan="2"|Shakhtar Donetsk||rowspan="2"|Top League||0||0
|-
|1988||3||0
|-
|1989||Dynamo Kyiv||Top League||0||0
|-
|1990||rowspan="2"|Shakhtar Donetsk||rowspan="2"|Top League||21||0
|-
|1991||24||1

|-
|1992||rowspan="4"|Spartak Moscow||rowspan="4"|Top League||23||6
|-
|1993||30||9
|-
|1994||26||2
|-
|1995||29||6

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="7"|Real Oviedo||rowspan="6"|La Liga||19||1
|-
|1996/97||37||0
|-
|1997/98||31||1
|-
|1998/99||33||0
|-
|1999/00||31||2
|-
|2000/01||35||3
|-
|2001/02||Segunda División||30||1
|-
|2002/03||Rayo Vallecano Madrid||La Liga||6||1

|-
|2003||Spartak-Alania Vladikavkaz||Premier League||7||0
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|Saturn Ramenskoe||rowspan="2"|Premier League||26||1
|-
|2005||25||0
52||3
166||24
222||9
440||36
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1992||4||0
|-
!Total||4||0
|}

|-
|1992||3||0
|-
|1993||12||1
|-
|1994||8||0
|-
|1995||9||1
|-
|1996||13||0
|-
|1997||9||0
|-
|1998||9||1
|-
|1999||9||3
|-
|2000||7||0
|-
|2001||10||0
|-
|2002||10||1
|-
|2003||7||0
|-
|2004||3||0
|-
!Total||109||7
|}

References

1969 births
Living people
Russian footballers
Henri Michel (28 October 1947 – 24 April 2018) was a former French football player. He had played for France national team.

Michel died in 24 April 2018 in Aix-en-Provence, France, aged 70.

Club career statistics

|-
|1964/65||rowspan="2"|Aixoise||rowspan="2"|Division 2||9||0
|-
|1965/66||27||3
|-
|1966/67||rowspan="16"|Nantes||rowspan="16"|Division 1||14||2
|-
|1967/68||32||1
|-
|1968/69||33||3
|-
|1969/70||28||6
|-
|1970/71||38||4
|-
|1971/72||30||4
|-
|1972/73||38||9
|-
|1973/74||37||6
|-
|1974/75||37||8
|-
|1975/76||38||12
|-
|1976/77||38||11
|-
|1977/78||36||5
|-
|1978/79||37||6
|-
|1979/80||34||2
|-
|1980/81||37||1
|-
|1981/82||24||1
567||84
567||84
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1967||3||0
|-
|1968||1||0
|-
|1969||5||1
|-
|1970||7||1
|-
|1971||7||0
|-
|1972||7||1
|-
|1973||5||0
|-
|1974||5||0
|-
|1975||6||1
|-
|1976||1||0
|-
|1977||1||0
|-
|1978||8||0
|-
|1979||1||0
|-
|1980||1||0
|-
!Total||58||4
|}

References

1947 births
2018 deaths
French footballers
French football managers
Aix-en-Provence
Michael Yano (born 22 January 1979) is a former Japanese football player.

1979 births
Living people
Japanese footballers
People from Accra
Alessandro Andrade de Oliveira (born 27 May 1973) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995||Vasco da Gama||Série A||2||0||||||||||2||0
|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Santos||rowspan="2"|Série A||19||6||||||||||19||6
|-
|1997||1||1||||||||||1||1

|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Júbilo Iwata||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||13||5||3||1||2||0||18||6
|-
|1998||9||3||0||0||4||1||13||4

|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Santos||rowspan="2"|Série A||24||4||||||||||24||4
|-
|1999||0||0||||||||||0||0

|-
|1999/00||Porto||Portuguese Liga||21||1||||||||||21||1

|-
|2000||Fluminense||Série A||18||1||||||||||18||1
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Cruzeiro||rowspan="2"|Série A||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|2002||18||4||||||||||18||4
|-
|2003||Atlético Mineiro||Série A||6||2||||||||||6||2
|-
|2004||Corinthians Paulista||Série A||13||1||||||||||13||1

|-
|2004/05||Al-Ahli Jeddah||Professional League||0||0||||||||||0||0

|-
|2005||Figueirense||Série A||13||4||||||||||13||4

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Denizlispor||rowspan="2"|Süper Lig||12||3||||||||||12||3
|-
|2006/07||9||0||||||||||9||0
114||23||||||||||114||23
22||8||3||1||6||1||31||10
21||1||||||||||21||1
0||0||||||||||0||0
21||3||||||||||21||3
178||35||3||1||6||1||187||37
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1999||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
is a former Japanese football player.

Biography
Sukigara was born in Tokyo on April 2, 1966. After graduating from University of Tsukuba, he joined Japan Soccer League club Yomiuri (later Verdy Kawasaki) in 1989. However he could hardly play in the match at the club which had many Japan national team players. In March 1994, he moved to Urawa Reds. At Reds, the only match he played was against his old club Verdy. In 1995, he moved to Japan Football League club Fukushima FC. Although he played many matches, the club was disbanded in 1997.

In 1988, when Sukigara was a University of Tsukuba student, he was selected Japan national "B team" for 1988 Asian Cup. But he did not play in the match.

Statistics

|-
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|Yomiuri||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 1||7||0||3||1||0||0||10||1
|-
|1990/91||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|1991/92||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="3"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="3"|J1 League||colspan="2"|-||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|1993||0||0||0||0||3||0||3||0
|-
|1994||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1994||Urawa Reds||J1 League||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|Fukushima FC||rowspan="3"|Football League||18||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|1996||17||5||3||0||colspan="2"|-||20||5
|-
|1997||22||7||3||1||colspan="2"|-||25||8
67||12||9||2||5||0||81||14
67||12||9||2||5||0||81||14
|}

References

Other websites

1966 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
J1 League players
Japan Soccer League players
Tokyo Verdy players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
1988 AFC Asian Cup players
Jun Takada (born 6 December 1977) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1996||Sanfrecce Hiroshima||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Brummell Sendai||rowspan="2"|Football League||19||0||0||0||0||0||19||0
|-
|1998||23||4||3||0||4||0||30||4
|-
|1999||Vegalta Sendai||Football League||20||4||0||0||2||1||22||5
62||8||3||0||6||1||71||9
62||8||3||0||6||1||71||9
|}

References

1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
People from Hiroshima
Takuma Koga (born 30 April 1969) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Yamaha Motors||rowspan="2"|Football League||15||2||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||2
|-
|1993||14||0||0||0||5||1||colspan="2"|-||19||1
|-
|1994||rowspan="6"|Júbilo Iwata||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||37||1||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||42||1
|-
|1995||40||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||41||1
|-
|1996||24||0||0||0||10||0||colspan="2"|-||34||0
|-
|1997||26||0||2||0||9||0||colspan="2"|-||37||0
|-
|1998||30||2||3||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||38||2
|-
|1999||8||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="3"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||9||0||2||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|-
|2001||27||0||5||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||33||1
|-
|2002||16||0||1||0||6||0||1||0||24||0
|-
|2003||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||16||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
262||6||15||1||47||1||1||0||325||8
262||6||15||1||47||1||1||0||325||8
|}

References
Cerezo Osaka 

1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
is a Japanese professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1998||rowspan="7"|Júbilo Iwata||rowspan="7"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2000||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2001||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2002||14||0||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|-
|2003||12||0||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|-
|2004||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0||2||0
|-
|2004||Vissel Kobe||J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Júbilo Iwata||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2006||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2008||16||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Ehime||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||45||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||46||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
90||0||6||0||7||0||1||0||104||0
90||0||6||0||7||0||1||0||104||0
|}

References

1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Aichi Prefecture
Jorge Antônio Putinatti (born August 23, 1959) is a Brazilian professional athlete.  He is best known as a football player. He has played for the Brazilian national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1979||rowspan="8"|Palmeiras||rowspan="3"|Série A||5||2||||||||||5||2
|-
|1980||17||5||||||||||17||5
|-
|1981||4||0||||||||||4||0
|-
|1982||Série B||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1983||rowspan="4"|Série A||20||5||||||||||20||5
|-
|1984||13||6||||||||||13||6
|-
|1985||18||5||||||||||18||5
|-
|1986||23||2||||||||||23||2
|-
|1987||rowspan="2"|Corinthians Paulista||rowspan="2"|Série A||9||0||||||||||9||0
|-
|1988||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1988||Grêmio||Série A||21||3||||||||||21||3
|-
|1989||Guarani||Série A||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1989||Santos||Série A||10||1||||||||||10||1
|-
|1990||XV Novembro-Piracicaba||Série B||0||0||||||||||0||0

|-
|1990/91||rowspan="5"|Nagoya Grampus||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 1||22||8||||||0||0||22||8
|-
|1991/92||20||5||||||1||0||21||5
|-
|1992||||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||||||8||1||8||1
|-
|1993||27||9||3||1||1||0||31||10
|-
|1994||38||8||2||0||1||0||41||8
140||29||||||||||140||29
107||30||5||1||11||1||123||32
247||59||5||1||11||1||263||61
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1983||12||2
|-
|1984||0||0
|-
|1985||4||0
|-
!Total||16||2
|}

References

Other websites
 National Football Teams

1959 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Mercantilism is a kind of economic system that was present in most parts of Europe between the 16th and the 18th century. 

The term was first used by Marquis de Mirabeau in 1794. Adam Smith made it known to a wider audience in 1776. At that time, absolutism was the main form of government in Europe. These regimes needed money to finance a large military, the many people who worked in the government. The monarchs and princes also needed money in order to finance their lifestyle. These governments were also very nationalistic. For this reason, mercantilism is seen as a form of economic nationalism. 

The theory of mercantilism holds that the prosperity of a nation depends on its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable". Economic assets (or capital) are bullion (gold, silver, and trade value) held by the state, and is best increased through a positive balance of trade with other nations (exports minus imports). 

The theory assumes that wealth and monetary assets are identical. Mercantilism suggests that the ruling government should advance these goals by playing a protectionist role in the economy by encouraging exports and discouraging imports, notably through the use of tariffs and subsidies. The theory dominated Western European economic policies from the 16th to the late-18th century.

References

Economic history
Maimonides was born in the Almoravid city of Córdoba in Spain, in 1135.  His Hebrew name was Moses ben Maimon. He is also known as the Rambam, from the initial letters of his title and name, Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon.

Maimonides was a doctor by profession.  Maimonides was one of the most important Jewish philosophers of the Middle Ages.  He tried to show that the philosophy of the ancient Greek thinker, Aristotle, and Judaism supported each other.

Important works
Maimonides' main philosophical work was called The Guide for the Perplexed. He wrote it in Arabic by 1190.  It has ideas from Aristotle's writings. The Guide influenced Christian Aristotelian theologians, for example, Thomas Aquinas.  In 1168, Maimonides finished a commentary to the Mishnah, the written version of traditional Jewish oral law.  Maimonides completed these books, called Mishneh Torah, in about 1178.  They are one of the most important collections of Jewish laws.

Life story
When Maimonides was thirteen years old, the Almohads took Cordoba away from the Almoravid dynasty. The Almohads were Muslims who were conquering Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain). They forced all non-Muslims to leave, change their religion to Islam, or be killed. This forced Maimonides' family to leave Cordoba. They spent twelve years traveling and looking for a home. During these years, he wrote the commentary on the Mishnah. Finally, his family settled in Cairo, Egypt. In 1166, Maimonides' father died and his brother drowned on a shipwreck in the Indian Ocean. 

By this time, Maimonides was a very popular Jewish leader. He helped the Jewish community in Cairo, Egypt. He lived there for the last part of his life, and taught and wrote about Judaism. He died in Cairo on December 13, 1204.

References
  

1135 births
1204 deaths
Egyptian Jews
European Jews
Jewish philosophers
People from Córdoba, Andalusia
Physicians
Rabbis
There are 346 communes in Chile. A commune is the most basic administration unit in the country. They belong to one of the 54 provinces of Chile.

Table

Other websites 
Chile: Ciudades, Pueblos, Aldeas and Caseríos 2005 (INE) 
Censo Nacional de Población and Vivienda 2002 (INE) 
Las trayectorias del Desarrollo Humano en las comunas de Chile (1994-2003)  (PNUD and Gobierno de Chile)
was the 31st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

The years of the reign of Yōmei start in 585 and end in 587.  The names and sequence of the early emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

Traditional history
Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Yōmei to be possibly legendary, but probable.  The name Yōmei-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations.

Emperor Yōmei was the fourth son of Emperor Kimmei. His mother, Soga no Kitashihime, was a daughter of Soga no Iname.

His palace in Yamato Province was called Namitsuki no Miya at Ikebe.

Yōmei had three Empresses and seven Imperial sons and daughters.

Yōmei's son, Prince Umayado, is also known as Prince Shōtoku.

Events of Yōmei's life

 586: In the 14th year of Bidatsu's reign, the emperor died. The succession (senso) received by Bidatsu's younger brother who would become Emperor Yōmei. This was confirmed in ceremonies.
 587, in the 4th month: Yōmei died and his body was placed in a coffin, but not buried. His reign lasted only two years.  He died at the age of 69.
 587, in the 5th month: There was armed conflict over the succession; and forces led by Prince Shōtoku and Soga no Umako overcame the opposition.  The throne passed to a younger brother who would become known as Emperor Shushun.

 587, in the 7th month: The body of former Emperor Yōmei was buried.

After his death 
According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus (kofun).  Yōmei is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) which is associated with the burial mound.

Related pages
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree
 Yōmei Seamount

References

Other websites

518 births
587 deaths
Emperors of Japan
The Arica Province () is a province of Chile. It belongs to the Arica and Parinacota (XV), the northernmost and the newest of the Chilean regions. Its capital is the port city of Arica.

Geography
Arica province is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. The province has an area of .

Arica is bordered on the north by the Tacna province of Peru, on the south by the Tamarugal province in the Tarapacá region, on the east by the Parinacota province and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.

Population
 (last national census), there were 186,488 people (91,742 men and 93,526 women) living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The largest city of the province is Arica, its  capital, with a population, in 2002, of 175,441 inhabitants.

Administration
As a province, Arica is a second-level administrative division, consisting of two communes (comunas): Arica in the northern portion and Camarones in the south. The coastal city of Arica serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

References

Other websites
 Municipality of Arica website 
 Official website of the Local Government 
 Arica Region 

Arica
For the province, see Province of Arica. For the region, see Region of Arica and Parinacota.

Arica is a commune and a port city with a population of 196,590 in the Arica Province of northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region. It is Chile's most northern city; it is at only  south of the border with Peru.

The city is the capital since 2007 of both the Arica Province and the Arica and Parinacota Region. It was founded on 25 April 1541 by Lucas Martínez Vegaso as San Marcos de Arica.

Population
 (last national census), there were 185,268 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The city of Arica has an urban area of  and a population, in 2002, of 175,441 inhabitants.

Geography

Arica is on the Pacific Ocean coast at the bend of South America's western coast known as the Arica Bend or Arica Elbow. The city is on the foot of the Morro of Arica, or just El Morro, a steep and tall hill,  above sea level.

The city is at  from Santiago, the national capital. The mouths of two rivers: the Lluta and the San José de Azapa rivers, are near the city.

The commune has an area of . It borders with Peru (Tacna province) on the north, the Parinacota province on the east, the Camarones commune on the south and the Pacific Ocean on the west.

Climate
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Arica is a "mild desert climate" and of the subtype "BWh/BWn". Arica is known as the more dry inhabited place on Earth, at least as measured by rainfall: the average amount of precipitation for the year is .

The average temperature for the year in Arica is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

The highest recorded temperature in Arica is , which was recorded in March. The lowest recorded temperature in Arica is  , which was recorded in May.

Gallery

Notable residents 

 Dante Poli - Former football player
 Hipólito Unanue - Physician, and briefly president of Peru
 Américo - Chilean singer

References

Other websites 
 Municipality of Arica  

Cities in Chile
Communes of Chile
Camarones is a city and commune of Chile, in the Region of Arica and Parinacota. It has 1,220 people. The centre of the city is in Cuyo, near the Chile Highway 5. It is mostly rural. It does not have much tourist activity.

It was founded in December 30, 1927 as Codpa.

Cities in Chile
1927 establishments in Chile
Communes of Chile
(loud river in Aymara) is a city in Chile. It is the capital of the province of Parinacota, in the region of Arica and Parinacota, in the north of Chile. The city was founded in December 30, 1927, and in 1979, the old town called Belén was appended to Putre.

Cities in Chile
Communes of Chile
General Lagos is a city in the region of Arica and Parinacota, in the north of Chile. It is named after Pedro Lagos, who directed the assault to the morro de Arica, during the battle of Arica. It was founded in December 30, 1927 as Comuna de General Lagos and they are called visvireños, since the most important area in the town is called Visvirí.

Cities in Chile
Alto Hospicio is a city in Chile. It is in the province of Iquique, region of Tarapacá. It has 80,000 people. It was founded on April 12, 2004. Before that, it was part of Iquique.

Other websites 
 Municipality of Alto Hospicio 

Cities in Chile
2004 establishments
21st-century establishments in Chile
Pozo Almonte is a city in the province of Tamarugal in the region of Tarapacá, in northern Chile. It has an area of 13.765,8 km², and a population of 14.366. It was founded in 1875. 

Cities in Chile
(home in Aymara) is a city in Chile. It is in the province of Tamarugal, region of Tarapacá. It had 1.275 people as of 2002. It was founded in September 8, 1970. It has an area of 2.200,2 km². The slogan of the city is effort land.

Cities in Chile
Colchane (Aymara: from qullchanni, existence of pasturage) is a city in Chile in the province of Tamarugal.

It has 1,700 inhabitants and an area of 4,015 km2. It was originally founded as Los Cóndores in September 8, 1970.

Cities in Chile
Huara is a city in the province of Tamarugal, Region of Tarapacá, Chile. The commune also comprises the Pisagua and Tarapacá hamlets.

Cities in Chile
Pica is a city in Chile, in the province of Tamarugal, Tarapacá. It is in an oasis in the middle of the Atacama Desert. Pica is famous for its small and unusually acidic lemons. It has an average temperature of 40°C. Pica has 6,178 inhabitants.

References 

Cities in Chile
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first battles of the American Revolutionary War. The battles were between British soldiers, who wanted to take away the colonists' weapons and to arrest John Hancock and Samuel Adams on the way to Concord, and American colonists on April 19, 1775. They were fought in two towns outside Boston, Massachusetts: Lexington, Massachusetts and Concord, Massachusetts.
The Patriots found out long before that could happen, and they safely evacuated the place.

The first battle was fought on Lexington Green in Lexington. General Gage, along with 700 British soldiers, marched there to find and destroy hidden weapons. However, they were met by 70 minutemen. The battle lasted only a few minutes, but 8 minutemen died and 9 were hurt. Only 1 British soldier had been injured, and the soldiers then went to Concord to seize supplies like food, guns, and ammunition, which were stored by the militia.

On the way back to Boston, they were ambushed by 400 minutemen. This time, Britain lost 250 soldiers, and only 90 Americans died.

References

Lexington and Concord
1775 in the Thirteen Colonies
1770s in Massachusetts
April events
was the 32nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  His reign started in 587 and ended in 592.  Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Sushun to be possibly legendary, but probable.  The name Sushun-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations.

The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

Traditional history
Before he became the monarch, this prince's personal name (imina) was Hatsusebe-shinnō, also known as Hatsusebe no Waka-sazaki.  His name at birth was Hatsusebe no Miko (長谷部皇子).

Sushun was the twelfth son of Emperor Kimmei.  His mother was , a daughter of Soga no Iname, who was the chief of the Soga clan.

Sushun had one Empress and two Imperial children.

Events of Sushun's life

 587:  In the 2nd year of Yōmei's reign, he died. The succession was received by a younger half-brother who would become known as Emperor Sushun. This was confirmed in ceremonies.

 592: Sushun's reign lasted for five years before his death at the age of 72.

The emperor's first minister was his powerful uncle, Soga no Umako.  Sushun planned to remove the head of the Soga clan from his office.  When the plan was discovered, Umako ordered someone to murder Sushun.  In the early history of Japan, this is the second time that an emperor is murdered.

After his death 
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Sushun.

According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus (kofun).  Sushun is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) which is associated with the burial mound.

Related pages 
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree

References 

520s births
592 deaths
Emperors of Japan
No. 3 Fighter Sector (3FS) was a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) unit during World War Two. No. 3FS was responsible for fighter aircraft control and coordination for the Townsville region. 3FS would collect all of the intelligence information from the various D/F stations and VAOC posts, decide on the what needed to be done and then tell the  fighter or bomber squadrons to respond. 3FS was in telephone and radio contact with all of the anti-aircraft, searchlight, RDF and HF/DF stations in the Townsville area.

It was first set up at Townsville Grammar School, on 25 February 1942.  The Women's Auxiliary Australian  Air Force members of 3FS lived at St Anne’s Girls School,  Townsville. In 1942, a new headquarters for No. 3FS was built at Wulguru, Townsville. The site was a proper military camp site with its own power house, barracks, kitchens, toilets and recreation hall. There were as many as 62 different buildings in 3FS HQ. The camp was on the side of a hill near Mt Stuart, on the west side of the road to Charters Towers. It can still be seen today on the hill on the opposite side of the Stuart Shopping Centre.

No. 3FS was renamed 103 Fighter Control Unit (103 FCU) on 7 March 1944. The Stuart complex was complete and ready to use on 20 December 1944. The main operations building was a bunker made of 30-centimetre (12 in) thick reinforced concrete designed to withstand a direct bomb hit. It had a mezzanine floor and was air-conditioned. 3 Fighter Sector Headquarters had 32 rooms in the large rectangular concrete building with walls forming various passageways. The building still stands today and is 60 by 42 feet (18.3 m × 12.8 m). 
All air raid warnings were started from this bunker by red, yellow and white flares. There was also HQ located in North Ward, Townsville. 103 FCU was disbanded in Townsville on 21 January 1945.

After the war
After the war, the buildings were used to house new migrants to Australia. The buildings were still furnished at the time. In 1961 it was purchased by James Cook University of Queensland and was used as a temporary accommodation for students while their residential halls were being built. The bunker itself still had its communication and signals equipment. A few years later the inside of the bunker was destroyed by fire. In 1971 the rest of the buildings were demolished. The site is now owned by the Department of Environment and Resources.

Ammunition storage 

In 1999, a group of people, had been raising money and getting the right equipment to fix this bunker after it was burned and destroyed by fire. They wanted to turn it into a museum. The Department of Environment and Resources have said that the building is not safe. In 2009 the bunker was fenced off. 

Many people in Townsville believe that the bunker may still have ammunition and chemical weapons left over from the war. They also think that the bunker is part of a network of tunnels built during the war in the hills around Townsville. The Department of Defence has said that neither of these claims are true.

References

Queensland
Jimmy Carr (born 15 September 1972) is an English-Irish comedian. He is the presenter of 8 out of 10 Cats on Channel 4 and has appeared on many TV shows on the same channel and on others. He travels around the country and performs a lot of comedy on stage (stand-up comedy). He is one of the UK's most successful comedians.

Personal life
Carr has dual citizenship - British and Irish. He was born in London to Irish immigrant parents. He has a degree in political science from the University of Cambridge. He lives with his girlfriend, Karoline Copping, in North London. She works for Channel Five. Carr is an atheist. He used to be a Christian. Importantly, because of his religion, he did not have sex until he was 26. He stopped being a Christian in his mid-20s.

Criticism
Some people, including a Member of Parliament, journalists and other comedians, have criticized Carr. Some of his jokes and comedy are seen by some as being offensive.

References

Other websites
 

1972 births
Living people
Actors from London
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British stand-up comedians
Channel 4 presenters
Comedians from London
English atheists
English movie actors
English television presenters
English television writers
Irish comedians
Irish movie actors
Irish television personalities
Irish writers
People from the London Borough of Hounslow
Writers from London
A whirlpool is a swirling body of water. It is usually produced by ocean tides. A bigger whirlpool is a maelstrom.

Other websites 

Bodies of water
A clipper was a very fast sailing ship of the 19th century.  The word "clipper" comes from a word meaning: "fast".  Clippers had several masts and a square rig. They were quite narrow for their length. Clipper ships were mostly made in British and American shipyards, but France, the Netherlands and other countries also made some. Clippers sailed all over the world, especially on the trade routes between the United Kingdom and its colonies in the east, in trans-Atlantic trade, and the New York-to-San Francisco route round Cape Horn during the California Gold Rush.  Dutch clippers were built beginning in 1850s for bringing tea to Europe and taking passengers to and from Java.

Ships
Trade routes
Kim You-Jin (born 19 June 1983) is a South Korean professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Suwon Samsung Bluewings||rowspan="3"|K-League||0||0||||||0||0||0||0
|-
|2003||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2004||0||0||1||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2005||Busan I'Park||K-League||21||0||1||0||4||0||26||0

|-
|2006||Sagan Tosu||J. League 2||40||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||41||3

|-
|2007||rowspan="3"|Busan I'Park||rowspan="3"|K-League||6||1||1||0||5||0||12||1
|-
|2008||19||1||2||0||6||1||27||2
|-
|2009||7||0||0||0||3||0||10||0

|-
|2010||Yokohama||J. League 2||||||||||||||||

|-
|2011||rowspan="2"|Liaoning Whowin||||||||||||||
|-
|2012||||||||||||||||
53||2||5||0||18||1||76||3
40||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||41||3
93||5||6||0||18||1||117||6
|}

References

1983 births
Living people
South Korean footballers
People from Busan
Carlos Sánchez García (born 18 January 1978) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Castellón.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Real Madrid||rowspan="3"|La Liga||1||0
|-
|2002/03||0||0
|-
|2003/04||0||0
|-
|2004/05||Polideportivo Ejido||Segunda División||5||0
|-
|2005/06||Almería||Segunda División||3||0
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Castellón||rowspan="4"|Segunda División||0||0
|-
|2007/08||33||0
|-
|2008/09||34||0
|-
|2009/10||||
76||0
76||0
|}

References

1978 births
Living people
Spanish association football goalkeepers
Sportspeople from Madrid
Edmilson dos Santos Silva (born 15 September 1982) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Urawa Red Diamonds.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2004||rowspan="4"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||29||15||1||0||5||4||colspan="2"|-||35||19
|-
|2005||33||18||1||0||6||4||colspan="2"|-||40||22
|-
|2006||25||10||2||1||1||2||colspan="2"|-||28||13
|-
|2007||29||19||1||0||5||3||colspan="2"|-||35||22
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||31||11||2||0||6||3||4||2||43||16
|-
|2009||33||17||1||0||7||3||colspan="2"|-||41||20
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
180||90||8||1||30||19||4||2||222||112
180||90||8||1||30||19||4||2||222||112

References 
 Urawa Red Diamonds 

1982 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
People from Salvador, Bahia
Dragan Džajić (born 30 May 1946) is a former Serbian football player. He has played for Yugoslavia national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1962/63||rowspan="13"|Red Star Belgrade||rowspan="13"|First League||1||0
|-
|1963/64||23||4
|-
|1964/65||28||9
|-
|1965/66||27||9
|-
|1966/67||24||13
|-
|1967/68||27||12
|-
|1968/69||33||16
|-
|1969/70||30||13
|-
|1970/71||29||12
|-
|1971/72||23||8
|-
|1972/73||20||9
|-
|1973/74||0||0
|-
|1974/75||16||3

|-
|1975/76||rowspan="2"|Bastia||rowspan="2"|Division 1||31||10
|-
|1976/77||35||21

|-
|1977/78||Red Star Belgrade||First League||25||5
306||113
66||31
372||144
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1964||7||0
|-
|1965||4||2
|-
|1966||6||1
|-
|1967||5||0
|-
|1968||11||6
|-
|1969||5||3
|-
|1970||9||2
|-
|1971||7||3
|-
|1972||14||3
|-
|1973||1||0
|-
|1974||9||1
|-
|1975||2||0
|-
|1976||2||2
|-
|1977||2||0
|-
|1978||0||0
|-
|1979||1||0
|-
!Total||85||23
|}

References 

1946 births
Living people
Serbian footballers
Nobuhiro Takeda (born 22 March 1965) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1987/88||rowspan="7"|Honda||rowspan="5"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1988/89||||||||||||||||
|-
|1989/90||||||||||||||||
|-
|1990/91||21||0||||||0||0||21||0
|-
|1991/92||22||0||||||4||0||26||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Football League||17||0||||||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|1993||18||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|1994||rowspan="4"|Cerezo Osaka||Football League||28||0||0||0||1||0||29||0
|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1996||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
108||0||0||0||5||0||113||0
108||0||0||0||5||0||113||0
|}

References
Cerezo Osaka 

1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
is a former Japanese football player and manager.

Biography
Ueno was born in Koka on August 26, 1965. After graduating from Waseda University, he joined Japan Soccer League club All Nippon Airways in 1988. Although he debuted in February 1990, he could not play many matches. In 1991, he moved to Mazda (later Sanfrecce Hiroshima). He played many matches as center back and defensive midfielder. However he could not play at all in the match from 1993 and he retired end of 1994 season.

In 1988, Ueno was selected Japan national "B team" for 1988 Asian Cup. But he did not play in the match.

After retirement, Ueno started coaching career at Sanfrecce Hiroshima in 1995. He mainly served as an assistant coach for top team and manager for youth team until 2003. In 2004, he became a manager for Japan U-20 national team. In 2005, he signed with Kyoto Purple Sanga (later Kyoto Sanga FC) and served mainly a assistant coach for top team until 2008. In 2009, he moved to Regional Leagues club Zweigen Kanazawa. The club was promoted to Japan Football League (JFL) in 2010. he managed the club until 2011. In 2012, he signed with Albirex Niigata and managed the youth team until 2013. In May 2012, top team manager Hisashi Kurosaki was sacked and Ueno managed top team as caretaker until June when the club signed with new manager Masaaki Yanagishita. In 2014, he signed with JFL club Renofa Yamaguchi FC. In 2014, the club won the 4th place and was promoted to J3 League. In 2015, the club won the champions and was promoted to J2 League. However the club results were bad in 2017 season, he was sacked in May when the club was 20th place of 22 clubs. In May 2018, he signed with J2 club Ventforet Kofu. He managed the club in 1 season and resigned end of 2018 season.

Statistics

|-
|1988/89||rowspan="3"|All Nippon Airways||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 1||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1989/90||4||1||||||0||0||4||1
|-
|1990/91||6||0||||||0||0||6||0
|-
|1991/92||Mazda||JSL Division 1||18||1||||||1||0||19||1
|-
|1992||rowspan="3"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="3"|J1 League||colspan="2"|-||1||0||8||0||9||0
|-
|1993||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1994||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
28||2||1||0||9||0||38||2
28||2||1||0||9||0||38||2
|}

References

Other websites

1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Shiga Prefecture
Japanese football managers
J1 League players
Japan Soccer League players
Yokohama Flügels players
Sanfrecce Hiroshima players
1988 AFC Asian Cup players
is a former Japanese professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player and manager.

In 2008-2009, he was manager of Bhutan's national football team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|Toyota Motors||JSL Division 2||||||||||||||||
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 1||12||0||||||0||0||12||0
|-
|1991/92||1||0||||||0||0||1||0
13||0||0||0||0||0||13||0
13||0||0||0||0||0||13||0
|}

References

1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Japanese football managers
Sport in Bhutan
Faas Wilkes (13 October 1923 – 15 August 2006) was a Dutch football player. He has played for Netherlands national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1949/50||rowspan="3"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="3"|Serie A||34||17
|-
|1950/51||38||23
|-
|1951/52||23||7
|-
|1952/53||Torino||Serie A||12||1

|-
|1953/54||rowspan="3"|Valencia||rowspan="3"|La Liga||28||18
|-
|1954/55||15||9
|-
|1955/56||19||11

|-
|1956/57||rowspan="2"|VVV Venlo||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||30||8
|-
|1957/58||34||15

|-
|1958/59||Levante||Segunda División||34||20

|-
|1959/60||rowspan="3"|Fortuna||rowspan="3"|Eredivisie||30||16
|-
|1960/61||27||5
|-
|1961/62||31||12
107||48
96||58
152||56
355||162
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1946||4||9
|-
|1947||4||2
|-
|1948||6||4
|-
|1949||4||2
|-
|1950||0||0
|-
|1951||0||0
|-
|1952||0||0
|-
|1953||0||0
|-
|1954||0||0
|-
|1955||3||2
|-
|1956||1||1
|-
|1957||6||4
|-
|1958||4||5
|-
|1959||3||5
|-
|1960||0||0
|-
|1961||3||1
|-
!Total||38||35
|}

References 

1923 births
2006 deaths
Dutch footballers
Sportspeople from Rotterdam
Hirotsugu Nakabayashi (born 28 April 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sanfrecce Hiroshima.

Club career statistics

|-
|2005||rowspan="4"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2006||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2007||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2008||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||28||0||0||0||4||0||32||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
32||0||0||0||4||0||36||0
32||0||0||0||4||0||36||0
|}

References
Sanfrecce Hiroshima

1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Ante Šimundža (born 28 September 1971) is a former Slovenian football player. He has played for Slovenia national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="6"|Maribor Branik||rowspan="6"|PrvaLiga||37||17
|-
|1992/93||32||15
|-
|1993/94||25||12
|-
|1994/95||28||9
|-
|1995/96||30||7
|-
|1996/97||17||7

|-
|1997||Brummell Sendai||Football League||22||11

|-
|1997/98||Maribor Teatanic||PrvaLiga||2||0

|-
|1997/98||Young Boys||Nationalliga B||0||0

|-
|1998||Malmö FF||Allsvenskan||3||0

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Maribor Teatanic||rowspan="2"|PrvaLiga||14||3
|-
|1999/00||27||8
|-
|2000/01||Maribor Pivovarna Laško||PrvaLiga||15||3

|-
|2000/01||Louviéroise||First Division||11||5

|-
|2001/02||Aluminij||Second League||14||11
|-
|2002/03||Šmartno||PrvaLiga||29||9
272||101
22||11
0||0
3||0
11||5
308||117
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1993||1||0
|-
|1994||0||0
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||1||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}

References

1971 births
Living people
Slovenian footballers
Grazer AK managers
The Port of Hull is a major sea port in the city of Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The port is located on the River Humber which leads to the North Sea. Around one million passengers use the port to get to Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Zeebrugge, Belgium. The port is used for the import of timber in the United Kingdom. The port has its own goods railway which is used to transport cargo inland.

Docks

Former docks 
The remaining docks are only the larger ones in the East of the city. Until the 1960s there were some in the city centre such as Humber Dock which became Hull Marina and Junction Dock which is now the site of Princes Quay shopping centre. The Old Dock was filled in and is now Queens Gardens, St Andrews Dock was closed off and silted up (some of it is now a retail park), the Victoria Dock closed in the 1980s and is now a housing estate, the Railway Dock closed in the 1960s and was later used as an extension to the Hull Marina.

Existing docks 
The Albert and William Wright Dock is still used for cargo. The fishing industry has also been moved there. The Alexandra Dock closed in the 1980s but soon reopened. It is now also used for cargo. The King George and Queen Elizabeth Docks are used for passengers. 

East Riding of Yorkshire
Ports and harbours of the United Kingdom