cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Holocene calendar, or Human era  (HE), is a year numbering system that adds 10,000 years to the present Anno Domini (AD) or Common Era (CE) system. It puts the first year near the beginning of the Holocene epoch and the Neolithic revolution. People who like the HE system say that it makes for easier geological, archeological, dendrochronological and historical dating. 

For example, the year 2022 can be made into a Holocene year by adding the number "1" before it, making it 12022 . The HE idea was first thought of by the scientist Cesare Emiliani in 1993 (11993 ).

Reasons for wanting a new calendar include:
In the Anno Domini system the birth of Jesus represents the year 1. People now think Jesus was born four years earlier.
The years  are counted down when moving from past to future, making calculation of lengths of time difficult.
The Anno Domini system has no year zero, with 1  followed by year 1. It is important to not forget this when calculating lengths of time.

Instead, HE starts at 10001 . This is a rough approximation of the start of the current geologic epoch, the Holocene or Recent period.  Human settlements, first cities and agriculture  probably started in this period. All important dates in human history can then be listed using a simple increasing date scale with smaller dates always before larger dates.

Conversion
Conversion to the Human Era from Julian or Gregorian AD years can be achieved by adding 10,000. BC years are converted by subtracting the BC year from 10,001.

A useful check is that the last single number of BC and HE equivalent pairs must add up to 1 or 11.

Related pages 
 Common Era
 Julian date (JD) – the interval of time in days and fractions of a day since January 1, 4713 BCE, Greenwich noon.

References 

 
 
 
 "News and comment", Geology Today, 20/3 (2004) 89–96.
 

Calendars
Cainozoic
Michael Fassbender (born 2 April 1977) is a German and Irish actor. He is best known for appearing in the movies  Inglourious Basterds (2009), X-Men: First Class (2011), Prometheus (2012), 12 Years a Slave (2013), and X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014).

Fassbender was born in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany (now Germany). His mother, Adele, is Irish and his father, Josef, is German. When he was two years old, his parents moved to Killarney, County Kerry, in the Republic of Ireland. He lives in London, England. He is fluent in both English and German.

References

Filmography

Films

300 (2007)

Solid Of Gold (2007)

Legends of Destruction (2008)

God Of War Part I (2009)

Rise and Fall (2010)

Birds (2010)

God Of War Part II (2010)

Demolished (2010)

Godzilla (2011)

X-Men First Class (2011)

Legacy (2012)

God Of War II - Killer Of The Thieves (2012)

The Lion Battle (2013)

Deathshot (2014)

The Last Airbender II (2014)

God Of War III - God Of The Seas (2014)

Macbeth (2015)

Other websites

 

1977 births
German movie actors
German stage actors
German television actors
German voice actors
Irish movie actors
Irish stage actors
Irish voice actors
Irish television actors
Living people
People from Baden-Württemberg
Janice Kay Brewer (Jan in short; born September 26, 1944) is an American politician. She served as Governor of Arizona from 2009 to 2015. She is the fourth woman in Arizona to hold the position of Governor. Brewer is a Republican.

Brewer was born Janice Drinkwine in Hollywood, California. She attended Glendale Community College.

References

Governors of Arizona
Politicians from California
1944 births
Living people
US Republican Party politicians
Bangaru Laxman (17 March 1939 – 1 March 2014) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He was President of the party from 2000 to 2001.

Laxman was also the minister of state for railways in Government of India from 1999 to 2000. He was sentenced to four years in jail for a defense deal corruption case. He was a member of the BJP and the RSS.

Laxman died in Hyderabad, India from cardiac arrest, aged 74.

References

1939 births
2014 deaths
Andhra Pradesh
Cardiovascular disease deaths in India
Civil servants
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Indian politicians
Anthony Neil Wedgwood ‘Tony’ Benn, PC (3 April 1925 – 14 March 2014), formerly 2nd Viscount Stansgate, was a British Labour Party politician.

Benn was born in Marylebone, London, England. He was married to Caroline DeCamp (1926–2000) from 1949 until her death. Their four children are: Stephen, Hilary, Melissa and Joshua. He had been a vegetarian since 1970. He was also an agnostic.

Benn inherited the title of Viscount Stansgate from his father, William Wedgwood Benn, in 1960. He became the first peer to renounce his title. This made him able to become a Member of Parliament (MP) in 1963. He was a Cabinet Minister under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan. From 2001 to his death, he was President of the Stop the War Coalition.

Benn died after an illness on 14 March 2014 in London. He was 88 years old. He was outlived by his children.

References

Other websites

 
 

1925 births
2014 deaths
Agnostics
British anti–Iraq War activists
Diarists
Democratic socialists
Disease-related deaths in England
English activists
English autobiographers
Former Labour Party (UK) MPs
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from London
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Republicans
Royal Air Force
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
UK MPs 1955–1959
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs 1964–1966
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UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
Vegetarians
Writers from London
Divergent is a 2014 American science-fiction action movie directed by Neil Burger. It stars Kate Winslet, Shailene Woodley, Theo James, and Ashley Judd. It is based on the book by Veronica Roth. The music was composed by Junkie XL and Hans Zimmer. It is set in the future in Chicago, Illinois. It was released on March 21, 2014.

The movie tells the story of a future in which only Chicago exists. The people are put into five groups: Abnegation are the people who help other people; Candor are the people who tell the truth; Erudite are the people with knowledge; Amity are the hard-working people, and Dauntless are the brave soldiers. When people are teenagers, they are tested and then they have to choose a group.

Beatrice Prior is a teen from an Abnegation family. During her test, she does not fit into any one group. This is called being Divergent. The society does not like people who are divergent, because they do not fit in. Beatrice chooses to join Dauntless and become a soldier. While she is being trained by the military instructor named Four, they learn about a plot by the Erudite group to kill all of the Abnegation people and take control of the city.

2014 movies
American science fiction movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Chicago, Illinois
Movies shot in Chicago, Illinois
Movies composed by Hans Zimmer
Post-apocalyptic movies
Dystopian movies
Lionsgate movies
Movies directed by Neil Burger
O Rei do Gado is a Brazilian telenovela. It is produced by Rede Globo.

References

Other websites
 
 Official website  

1996 television series debuts
Telenovelas
Brazilian television series
1997 disestablishments
Kyyjärvi is a municipality in Central Finland. About 1,430 people lived there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Alajärvi, Karstula, Kivijärvi, Perho and Soini. There is also a lake called Kyyjärvi what is located in the Kyyjärvi municipality.

Kyyjärvi was established in 1929.

Distances
 Jyväskylä 115 km
 Vaasa 160 km
 Seinäjoki 110 km

Other websites 

 The official page

Municipalities of Central Finland
1929 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Finland
Perho is a municipality in Central Ostrobothnia, Finland. About 2,930 people lived there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Alajärvi, Halsua, Kinnula, Kivijärvi, Kyyjärvi, Lestijärvi, Veteli and Vimpeli.

Perho was established in 1868.

Distances 
 Kyyjärvi 23 km
 Kivijärvi 40 km
 Kinnula 43 km
 Halsua 40 km
 Veteli 45 km
 Karstula 49 km 
 Kaustinen 55 km
 Alajärvi 65 km
 Äänekoski 110 km
 Haapajärvi 118 km

Other websites 

  

Municipalities of Central Ostrobothnia
1868 establishments in Europe
1860s establishments in Finland
Piero Tosi (10 April 1927 – 10 August 2019) was an Italian costume designer. He designed costumes for Senso, Bellissima, The Leopard, Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, Death in Venice, The Night Porter, and La Traviata. 

He won the David di Donatello for Best Costumes twice. He also won the BAFTA Award for Best Costume Design twice, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Costume Design five times.

Tosi died in Rome on 10 August 2019, at the age of 92.

References

Other websites

BAFTA Award winners
1927 births
2019 deaths
Italian people
Costume designers
Hildegard Hamm-Brücher (May 11, 1921 – December 7, 2016) was a German liberal politician. She was the federal state secretar from 1969 to 1972 and from 1977 to 1982. In 1993 she became the Free Democratic Party's candidate for the federal presidency elections to be held the following year.

Hamm-Brücher was born in Essen, Germany. She died in Berlin, Germany on December 7, 2016 from congestive heart failure, aged 95.

References

Other websites

1921 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Former members of the German Bundestag
People from Essen
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
Politicians of the Free Democratic Party of Germany
Jürgen Wilhelm Möllemann (15 July 1945 – 5 June 2003) was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party. 

He served as Minister of State at the Foreign Office (1982–1987), as Federal Minister of Education and Research (1987–1991), as Federal Minister of Economics (1991–1993). 

He served as Vice Chancellor of Germany (1992–1993) in the government of Chancellor Helmut Kohl.

Möllemann was born in Augsburg, Germany. 

He was accused of illegal arms deals and tax evasion. After his parliamentary immunity had been lifted, he (probably) committed suicide by not opening his reserve parachute after jumping off an airplane. He was aged 57.

References

1945 births
2003 deaths
Former members of the German Bundestag
Government ministers of Germany
People from Augsburg
Politicians from Bavaria
Politicians of the Free Democratic Party of Germany
Politicians who committed suicide
Suicides in Germany
Vice Chancellors of Germany
Klaus Kinkel (17 December 1936 – 4 March 2019) was a German civil servant, lawyer, and politician. He was a member of the Free Democratic Party (FDP). 

He served as Federal Minister of Justice (1991–1992), Foreign Minister (1992–1998) and Vice Chancellor of Germany (1993–1998) in the government of Helmut Kohl.

He was also chairman of the liberal Free Democratic Party from 1993 to 1995. He was President of the Federal Intelligence Service (1979–1982).

Kinkel was born in Metzingen, Baden-Württemberg. He died on 4 March 2019 in Sankt Augustin, North Rhine-Westphalia, aged 82.

References

Other websites

1936 births
2019 deaths
Civil servants
Government ministers of Germany
Politicians from Baden-Württemberg
Vice Chancellors of Germany
Alain Resnais (; 3 June 1922 – 1 March 2014) was a French movie director, actor, editor and screenwriter. His career has lasted over more than six decades. He was born in Vannes, Morbihan. He was first married to Florence Malraux (daughter of the French statesman and writer André Malraux).

Career 
At first, Resnais wanted to become a comedian actor, but he ended up making short films. Most of these films were produced in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Many are documentaries. The best known are probably Van Gogh (1949), Guernica (1950) and Night and Fog (1955).  His longer films include Hiroshima mon amour (1959), Last Year at Marienbad (1961), and Muriel (1963). All of the films are important for the history of cinema.

Resnais was awarded multiple prizes for his work, including several César Awards.

Death 
Resnais died on 1 March 2014 in Paris. He was 91 years old. He was outlived by his second wife, actress Sabine Azéma.

References

Other websites

1922 births
2014 deaths
French movie actors
French movie directors
French screenwriters
Movie editors
People from Brittany
Anne Cox Chambers (December 1, 1919 – January 31, 2020) was an American media owner. She held the largest share of Cox Enterprises. The company is a mass media group that includes newspaper, television, radio and cable television. It is the third largest cable company in the United States.

In 1973 Chambers became the first woman bank director in Atlanta. From 1977 to 1981 she was the United States Ambassador to Belgium under President Jimmy Carter. From 1981 to 1991 Chambers was the director of The Coca-Cola Company.

She was the daughter of James M. Cox. He was a newspaper publisher and 1920 Democratic Presidential nominee. Her overall net worth was estimated by Forbes magazine at $12.4 million. This is based mostly on her equity in Cox Enterprises. Cox Chambers was born in Dayton, Ohio.

From 1977 through 1981, she was Ambassador to Belgium during the Jimmy Carter presidency.

Chambers died on January 31, 2020 in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 100.

References

1919 births
2020 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States
American billionaires
American centenarians
American chief executives
Businesspeople from Dayton, Ohio
Politicians from Dayton, Ohio
Vesanto is a municipality in Northern Savonia, Finland. About 2,300 people lived there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Keitele, Konnevesi, Rautalampi, Tervo, Viitasaari and Äänekoski. Vesanto was established in 1871.

The economy in Vesanto involves a lot of agriculture.

Some villages 
Harinkaa, Horonkylä, Järvenpää, Niinivesi, Sonkari and Tiitilänkylä.

Other websites 

  

Municipalities of Northern Savonia
1871 establishments in Europe
1870s establishments in Finland
Keitele is a municipality in Northern Savonia, Finland. In January 2014, 2,430 people lived there. The municipalities next to it are Pielavesi, Pihtipudas, Tervo, Vesanto and Viitasaari.

The municipality was established in 1879, but camp sites been found from the 1300s.

Villages 
Hamula, Koutajärvi, Kukertaja, Leppäselkä, Pahkamäki, Petäjäkylä, Sulkavanjärvi, Tossavanlahti, Viinikkala, Vuonamo, Äyräpää and Hemminki.

Other websites 

  

Municipalities of Northern Savonia
1879 establishments in Europe
1870s establishments in Finland
Kinematics is the branch of classical mechanics which describes the motion of points, bodies (objects) and systems of bodies (groups of objects) without looking at the cause of this motion.  The term was translated from French; A.M. Ampère used the term cinématique. He constructed the term form the Greek , kinema (movement, motion), derived from , kinein (to move). The study of kinematics is often referred to as the geometry of motion.

To describe motion, kinematics studies the paths of points, lines and other geometric objects in space, and some of their properties such as velocity and acceleration. Astrophysics uses kinematics to describe the motion of celestial bodies and systems. Mechanical engineering, robotics and biomechanics use it  to describe the motion of systems composed of joined parts  such as an engine, a robotic arm or the skeleton of the human body.

The study of kinematics can be abstracted into purely mathematical functions.  It is possible to represent rotation with elements of the unit circle in the complex plane. Other planar algebras are used to represent the shear mapping of classical motion in absolute time and space and to represent the Lorentz transformations of relativistic space and time.   Mathematicians have developed a science of kinematic geometry, which uses time as a parameter.

Certain  geometric transformations which are called  rigid transformations have been developed to  describe the movement of components of a mechanical system. These transformations simplify the derivation of its equations of motion, and is central to dynamic analysis.

Kinematic analysis is the process of measuring the kinematic quantities used to describe motion.  In engineering, kinematic analysis may be used to find the range of movement for a given mechanism, and, working in reverse, kinematic synthesis designs a mechanism for a desired range of motion.  In addition, kinematics applies algebraic geometry to the study of the mechanical advantage of a mechanical system, or mechanism.

References

Mechanics
Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman is an American television series, created between 1993 and 1998. There were 6 seasons of episodes made and 2 feature movies (Dr. Quinn: Revolutions in 1999 and Dr. Quinn: The Heart Within in 2001).

Plot
The main character is a female doctor; Michaela Quinn from Boston. As a female she could not work there as a doctor and she decided to go to the Wild West town of Colorado Springs. At first people are suspicious there, too but she soon gains their trust.

She meets there Byron Sully with whom she befriends and falls in love eventually. She also adopts three young children whose mother dies unexpectedly.

Cast
The Quinns
 Jane Seymour — Dr. Michaela Quinn
 Joe Lando — Byron Sully
 Chad Allen — Matthew Cooper
 Erika Flores (up to mid-season 3) / Jessica Bowman (from season 3 on) — Colleen Cooper 
 Shawn Toovey —  Brian Cooper
 McKenzie, Megan and Alexandria Calabrese (season 6) - Katie Sully
 Georgann Johnson (seasons 2–6) – Elizabeth Quinn 
 Alley Mills (seasons 2–6) – Marjorie Quinn 
 Elinor Donahue (season 2–6) – Rebecka Quinn Dickinson

The Town
 Orson Bean —  Loren Bray
 Jim Knobeloch —  Jake Slicker
 Frank Collison —  Horace Bing
 William Shockley —  Hank Lawson
 Geoffrey Lower —  Rev. Timothy Johnson
 Henry G. Sanders —  Robert E.
 Jonelle Allen —  Grace
 Heidi Kozak (season 1) — Emily Donovan 
 Gail Strickland (season 1) — Ms. Olive Davis 
 Jennifer Youngs (seasons 1–4) —  Ingrid 
 Helene Udy (seasons 1–4) —  Myra Bing 
 Haylie Johnson —  Becky Bonner
 Barbara Babcock (seasons 2–6) —  Dorothy Jennings
 Charlotte Chatton (seasons 4-5) — Emma 
 Michelle Bonilla (season 5) / Alex Meneses (season 6) —  Teresa Morales 
 Brandon Douglas (seasons 4–6) —  Dr. Andrew Cook 
 Jason Leland Adams (seasons 4–6) —  Preston A. Lodge III  
 John Schneider (season 6) —  Daniel Simon 
 Brenden Jefferson (season 4) – Anthony

The Indians
 Nick Ramus - Chief Black Kettle
 Larry Sellers —  Cloud Dancing

References

1993 American television series debuts
1998 American television series endings
1990s American television series
American drama television series
Western television series
CBS network shows
Television series set in Colorado
Colorado Springs, Colorado
English-language television programs
James Longstreet was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. He was born in 1821 in South Carolina. He grew up in Georgia. Longstreet graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1842 and was a slave owner. He fought in the Army of Northern Virginia. Longstreet died in 1904.

References

Confederate Army generals
1821 births
1904 deaths
The English country dance is a very social type of folk dance. It started during the English Renaissance from the 15th through 17th centuries. This dance was popular until the 19th century in Europe, the United States and American colonies.

This dance came back in the early 20th century. It is done mostly in North America and around Britain.

There are many versions: clockwise, counter-clockwise, cross-over, double and the figure of 8.

England
Dances
Crowsnest Pass is a mountain pass in the Canadian Rockies between Alberta and British Columbia. The Canadian Pacific Railway goes through the pass.

Geography of Canada
Xosé María Díaz Castro (19 February 1914, Guitiriz – 2 October 1990, Lugo) was a Galician poet and translator.

Galician Literature Day is dedicated to him in 2014.

Work
Nimbos (1961) .

Authors that he translated
To Spanish: Verner von Heidenstam, Henrik Pontoppidan, Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, Rainer Maria Rilke, William Butler Yeats, T. S. Eliot, Walt Whitman, G. K. Chesterton, Frederick Forsyth, Friedrich Schiller, Arthur Rimbaud, Paul Valéry, Alphonse de Lamartine and Paul Claudel.

To English: Federico García Lorca and Rafael Alberti.

References

Further information
AAVV; Homenaxe a X. M. Díaz Castro , Xermolos, Guitiriz, 1987, 192 p., .
Blanco Torrado, A.; A ascensión dun poeta, Xosé María Díaz Castro, Caixa Galicia, Santiago, 1995, 143 p., .
Requeixo, Armando; Xosé María Díaz Castro, vida e obra , Editorial Galaxia, Vigo, 2014, 200 p., .

Other websites 

PoetaDiazCastro.com
 A lus do mundo (14'43'') IES Poeta Díaz Castro (YouTube).
 O instante eterno (9'52'') (Vimeo).

Spanish poets
1914 births
1990 deaths
Molly Bobak (born Molly Lamb; February 25, 1919 – March 2, 2014) was a Canadian teacher, writer, printmaker and painter. During World War II, she was the first Canadian woman artist into be sent to a battlefield to see Canada's war effort.

Bobak was born Molly Lamb in Vancouver, British Columbia. She studied at Vancouver School of Art. Bobak died in Fredericton, New Brunswick from natural causes, aged 95.

References

1919 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Canadian painters
People from Vancouver
Igor Rostislavovich Shafarevich (; 3 June 1923 – 19 February 2017) was a Russian mathematician. He contributed to algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry. He also wrote books and articles which criticise socialism. He was an important dissident during the Soviet regime. He was born in Zhytomyr, Ukraine.

Shafarevich died on 19 February 2017 in Moscow, at the age of 93.

References

Other websites

 Igor Shafarevich at The MacTutor History of Mathematics

1923 births
2017 deaths
Activists
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Human rights activists
Russian geometers
Russian Orthodox Christians
Number theorists
Algebraic geometers
Muthuvel Karunanidhi (3 June 1924 – 7 August 2018) was an Indian politician. He has served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu five different times. He is the former president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), a Dravidian political party in the state of Tamil Nadu. He has been the leader of the DMK since the death of its founder, C. N. Annadurai, in 1969.

Karunanidhi was born in Thirukuvalai, Tiruvarur, British India. He was an atheist. Karunanidhi died in Chennai at a hospital from multiple organ failure on 7 August 2018, aged 94.

References

Other websites

 

1924 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Atheists
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians
Indian politicians
Indian screenwriters
Tamil Nadu politicians
The oath of office of the president of the United States is an oath that the president as he takes office. The chief justice gives the oath to the president of the United States. 

The oath is ordered by the United States Constitution (Article II, Section One, Clause 8), and is given before the president begins his term of office. 

This is what the oath says:

It is unknown how many presidents used a Bible or added the words "So help me God" at the end of the oath, or in their acceptance of the oath, as neither is required by law.

References
Benjamin Satterly (born 22 August 1986) is an English professional wrestler. He currently wrestles under the ring name PAC”.  He has also wrestled under the ring names Adrian Neville in the WWE's developmental territory, NXT and Pac in the Independent circuit. He is currently signed to AEW. He is a former one-time NXT Champion and a two-time NXT Tag Team Champion with Oliver Grey and Corey Graves.

Career
On the 16 January 2013 episode of NXT, he made his WWE debut under the ring name Adrian Neville defeating Sakamoto.

On the 13 February episode of NXT (originally taped on 31 January), Neville along with Oliver Grey, won the finals of tournament to crown the first ever NXT Tag Team Champions by defeating the Wyatt Family (Luke Harper and Erick Rowan). When Grey suffered a torn ACL (in storyline caused by the Wyatt Family), Neville decided to choose Bo Dallas as his new partner in April. On the 8 May episode of NXT (taped on 2 May), during the team's first defence, Neville and Dallas lost the championships to the Wyatt Family.

At NXT Arrival, Neville was able to win the NXT Championship when he defeated Bo Dallas in a ladder match. On December 11, at the NXT Takeover: [R]Evolution event, Neville lost the championship to Sami Zayn.

Championships
One Pro Wrestling
1PW Openweight Championship (one time)
3 Count Wrestling
3CW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
3CW North East Championship (one time)
American Wrestling Rampage
AWR No Limits Championship (one time)
Dragon Gate
Open the Brave Gate Championship (one time)
Open the Triangle Gate Championship (three times) (with Masato Yoshino and BxB Hulk (one), Naoki Tanisaki and Naruki Doi (one), and Masato Yoshino and Naruki Doi (one))
Open the Twin Gate Championship (one time) (with Dragon Kid)
Dragon Gate USA
Open the United Gate Championship (one time) (with Masato Yoshino)
Frontier Wrestling Alliance
FWA Flyweight Championship (one time)
Independent Wrestling Federation
IWF Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Harry Pain)
WWE NXT
NXT Championship (one time)
NXT Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Oliver Grey (one), and Corey Graves (one))
NXT Tag Team Championship Tournament (with Oliver Grey)
Pro Wrestling Guerrilla
PWG World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Roderick Strong)
Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament (2007) (with Roderick Strong)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #89 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2012.
SoCal Uncensored
Match of the Year (2006) (vs. El Generico, November 18, Pro Wrestling Guerrilla)
westside Xtreme wrestling
wXw World Lightweight Championship (two times)
Wrestle Zone Wrestling
wZw Zero-G Championship (one time)

References

Other websites
WWE profile

1986 births
Living people
English professional wrestlers
People from Newcastle upon Tyne
Former WWE wrestlers
AEW wrestlers
Paolo Sorrentino (born 31 May 1970) is an Italian director and screenwriter. His movies include One Man Up (2001), The Consequences of Love (2004), The Family Friend (2006), Il Divo (2008), This Must Be the Place (2011) and The Great Beauty (2013).

Sorrentino was born in Naples.

References

Other websites

 

1970 births
Living people
Academy Award winners
Italian movie directors
Italian screenwriters
People from Naples
Writers from Campania
Erectile dysfunction (ED, also called impotence) is when a man can't have or keep an erection of the penis during sexual intercourse. Erectile dysfunction can be caused by issues such as death-grip syndrome or genital atrophy.

References

Male reproductive system
Human sexuality
Disorders
Bruce Vilanch (born November 23, 1948) is an American comedian, songwriter and actor. He is best known for his four-years on Hollywood Squares, as a celebrity participant and head writer for the show. He has won six Emmy Awards. From 2000 to 2014, he was the head writer for the Oscars. For ten years before this role, he was the Oscar program co-writer. He is also a featured writer for the Tonys, Grammys and Emmys.

Vilanch was born in New York City, New York. He grew up in Paterson, New Jersey. He was adopted when he was four days old. He was raised in a Jewish family. He studied at the Ohio State University (OSU). He is openly gay.

References

Other websites

 
 

1948 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
Actors from New York City
American adoptees
American movie actors
American songwriters
American stage actors
American television actors
American television writers
Comedians from New Jersey
Comedians from New York City
Emmy Award winners
Gay Jews
Jewish American actors
Jewish American comedians
Jewish American LGBT people
LGBT actors
LGBT comedians
LGBT people from New Jersey
LGBT writers
People from Paterson, New Jersey
Participants in American reality television series
Television personalities from New York City
John Ficarra is an American magazine editor and publisher. He has been the editor-in-chief of MAD Magazine since 1984, sharing the same position for most of that time with Nick Meglin. He has been one of the editorial staff of the magazine for more than 25 years.

References

Other websites

 

Living people
Publishers
American cartoonists
American comics artists
Jämijärvi is a municipality in Satakunta, Finland. It had about 2,000 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Ikaalinen, Kankaanpää and Parkano. Most people speak Finish.

Other websites 

 The official page

municipalities of Finland
Sam Viviano (born March 13, 1953) is an American caricature artist and art director. He has been a lead artist for MAD Magazine since 1980.

Viviano was born in Detroit, Michigan.

References

Other websites

 Sam Viviano at Summit Leadership Academy High Desert

1953 births
Living people
People from Detroit, Michigan
American cartoonists
American comics artists
James Warhola (born March 16, 1955) is an American artist. He has illustrated dozens of children's picture books since 1987.

Warhola was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He is the son of Paul Warhola, Andy Warhol's oldest brother.

References

Other websites
 
 

1955 births
Living people
American cartoonists
American artists
People from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Morris "Mort" Drucker (March 22, 1929 – April 9, 2020) was an American caricaturist and comics artist. He worked for Mad magazine for over 50 years. At Mad, he became known for his satires on leading  feature movies and television series.

Drucker was born in Brooklyn, New York City, to a Jewish family. Some sources list his birth date as March 22, 1929, and others as March 29. He died on April 9, 2020 in Woodbury, New York, at the age of 91.

References

Other websites

 

1929 births
2020 deaths
American cartoonists
American comics artists
American Jews
People from New York City
What a Way to Go! is a 1964 American romantic comedy musical movie. It was directed by J. Lee Thompson. It stars Shirley MacLaine, Paul Newman, Robert Mitchum, Dean Martin, Gene Kelly, Robert Cummings and Dick Van Dyke. This movie was intended for Marilyn Monroe, but she died before the movie began filming.

Other websites 

1964 comedy movies
1964 romance movies
1960s romantic comedy movies
1960s musical movies
American musical movies
American romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by J. Lee Thompson
How to Steal a Million is a comedy movie of 1966. It is about a high-skilled art forger that fakes being an art collector. His daughter, Nicole, is concerned about his behavior, and more importantly that he might be caught. Audrey Hepburn plays Nicole.

This movie was released on July 13, 1966.

Criminal comedy movies
1966 comedy movies
1966 crime movies
1966 romance movies
1960s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies directed by William Wyler
Jane Powell (born Suzanne Lorraine Bruce; April 1, 1929 – September 16, 2021) was an American actress. She played the title character in A Date with Judy in 1948. She also played Tess Morgan in Three Daring Daughters (also 1948).

Powell was born in Portland, Oregon. She was married to actor Dickie Moore from 1988 until his death in 2015. Powell died of natural causes in Wilton, Connecticut on September 16, 2021 at the age of 92.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Portland, Oregon
1929 births
2021 deaths
American dancers
American stage actors
Singers from Portland, Oregon
Deaths from natural causes in the United States
A head writer is a person who oversees a team of writers. This is usually on a television or radio series. The title is also common in the soap opera genre, as well. Head writers are common to comedy sketches, game shows and talk shows that feature monologues and comedy skits. In most primetime series this function is generally performed by an executive producer. It is the head writer's job to do the final editing.

References 

Television writers
Soap operas
Television talk shows
The centimetre-gram-second system (abbreviated CGS or cgs) is a variant of the metric system.  The derived units are on the centimeter as the unit of length, the gram as a unit of mass and the second as a unit of time. The system evolved in the nineteenth century when it was used to define both electrical and mechanical units. 

The cgs units of energy and force are the dyne and the erg. 
 The dyne is defined as the force needed to accelerate a mass of one gram by one centimetre per second squared (cm s-2).
 The erg is defined as the work done when a mass of one gram is moved a distance of one centimetre against a force of one dyne.

The coherent cgs unit of pressure was the barye (symbol Ba). A bayre is one dyne per square centimeter. 
Many non-coherent units of pressure were used in the cgs system. They include:
The atmosphere (atm). A standard atmosphere is 1.01325×106 Ba. 
Millimetres of mercury (mmHg). One millimeter of mercury is 133.32 Ba.
 
The dyne and the erg were used to define the units for electrical quantities. Two different forms of cgs units were developed. One form was developed for electrostatic units and another for electromagnetic units.  Electrical engineering units were based on the MKS (metre-kilogram-second) system instead of the CGS system.

During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries many other units were defined using cgs units. In 1960 the BIPM published the International System of Units (SI) which was based on the metre, the kilogram, the second and the ampere. SI has now replaced the CGS system of units in most applications.

Units of measurement
Physics
Systems
Jean Jaurès, or Jean Léon Jaurès is a French politician. He was assassinate by a nationalist fanatic, Raoul Villain. Jaurès was a pacifist in Europe and was against any war. He was a socialist in France.

Assassinated people
French murder victims
French politicians
Murders by firearm in France
Social democrats
1859 births
1914 deaths
The Airbus A400M Atlas is a military cargo aircraft. It is built in Spain by Airbus Defence & Space, part of Airbus Group. The wings are made in the UK. The cockpit and landing gear are made in France. Germany provides the fuselage assembly. The Atlas is a four turboprops and high-wing aircraft. Orders have come from militaries of many countries like France, Germany, Spain, and the UK. The aircraft's first flight was on 11 December 2009. The French Air Force used it in the Mali war in 2013 and 2014.

Test flight crash 
On Monday May 11, 2015, An Airbus A400M crashed in Spain during final flight testing. Two pilots and two flight engineers were killed in the accident. Britain, Germany, Malaysia and Turkey all grounded their A440Ms. The six planes France has will only see limited use. Spain has stopped all testing of the planes until the cause of the crash is discovered.

References

Other websites 
 Airbus to continue test flights...

Airbus aircraft
Military aircraft
Rasputina is a cello rock band from New York. The members are Melora Creager, Daniel DeJesus, and Dawn Miceli. The band was started in 1992 by Creager.

History
Creager put an advertisement in The Village Voice asking for other cellists to start a rock band with her. Julia Kent, an editor of the newspaper, responded to the ad.

The band released its first album, Thanks For the Ether, in 1996. In 1997 they released an extended play remixed by Marilyn Manson. In 1998 the band's second album How We Quit the Forest was released. In 2002 Cabin Fever was released.

1992 establishments in New York (state)
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American rock bands
Musical groups from New York
"Walk On By" is a very melancholy song. It was composed by Burt Bacharach. It was first sung by Dionne Warwick. It was released in April 1964. It hit #1 on United States R&B charts.

Isaac Hayes, Melissa Manchester, Cyndi Lauper, and others covered the song. Manchester had her version during 1989.

1964 songs
Pop songs
Stanley "Stan" Rickaby (12 March 1924 – 8 February 2014) was an English footballer. He played as a right back in West Bromwich Albion F.C.. Rickaby played one game for England, in 1953.

Rickaby was born in Stockton-on-Tees, County Durham. He died from natural causes at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
Englandstats.com profile

1924 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
English footballers
Sportspeople from County Durham
Gordon Tullock (February 13, 1922 – November 3, 2014) was an American economist and a Professor of Law and Economics at the George Mason University School of Law. He was best known for his work on public choice theory. The theory was about political science and political issues. He is one of the founding figures in his field.

Tullock was born in Rockford, Illinois. He was raised in Chicago. Tullock studied at the University of Chicago. He worked with fellow economist James M. Buchanan.

On November 3, 2014, Tullock died in Des Moines, Iowa. He was aged 92.

References

Other websites
 Faculty Biography from George Mason University 
 Tullock's bio at the Mercatus Center
 Profile of Tullock in National Review 

1922 births
2014 deaths
American economists
Scientists from Chicago
People from Rockford, Illinois
Finnish Maiden is a personification of Finland. She is young woman who often has blonde hair, blue eyes and a folk costume.

Finnish culture
National personifications
Taivalkoski is a municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. About 4,250 people lived there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kuusamo, Posio, Pudasjärvi and Suomussalmi.

Other websites 

  

Municipalities of Northern Ostrobothnia
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective permeability barrier. It controls what gets from the bloodstream into the brain, and what does not.

For example, things that the brain needs to survive (water, glucose, and amino acids) can get through the barrier.  However, the barrier stops many harmful things, like bacteria and viruses, from getting into the brain.  This helps protect the brain from getting an infection.

The blood-brain barrier is formed by capillary endothelial cells. It allows the passage of water, some gases, and lipid-soluble molecules by passive diffusion. It also allows the selective transport of molecules such as glucose and amino acids which are crucial to nerve function. On the other hand, the blood-brain barrier may prevent the entry of neurotoxins by means of an active transport mechanism. 

A few small areas in the brain do not have a blood-brain barrier.

Discovery 
Paul Ehrlich, a German doctor, discovered the blood-brain barrier.  He injected dye into mice's bloodstreams.  The dye got to every organ except the brain.  The blood-brain barrier had stopped the dye from getting through to the brain.  Then one of Ehrlich's students injected the dye right into the mice's brains.  This time the brain turned blue, but no other organs did.  The blood-brain barrier had stopped the dye from getting out of the brain into the bloodstream (which would have carried the dye to every other organ in the body).

Function 
The blood–brain barrier protects the brain from many common infections.  Infections of the brain are rare.  If they do happen, they are often serious and difficult to treat.  Antibodies (which the body's immune system makes to fight infections) are too large to cross the blood–brain barrier.  Also, many antibiotics cannot pass through the BBB to kill the infection in the brain. 

One way to get medications into the brain is to inject them into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).  CSF helps protect the brain and spinal cord.  However, it does not actually touch the brain.  Instead, two of the layers that protect the brain and spinal cord hold the CSF.  Because of this, even if medications are injected right into the CSF, they still do not get into the brain very well. 

Some bacteria, viruses, and other things can get through the blood-brain barrier and damage the brain.  For example:
 Spirochaete bacteria like Borrelia (which causes Lyme disease) and Treponema pallidum (which causes syphilis). 
 Some viruses, like the West Nile virus and the polio virus
 Alcohol and many illegal drugs, like heroin and cocaine

Related pages 
 Psychoactive drugs (drugs which can cross the blood-brain barrier)

References 

Anatomy of the brain
Eckart Höfling (28 October 1936 – 1 March 2014) was a German Catholic priest. He was best known for working in the fight against poverty in Brazil. He was born in Langenprozelten, Lower Franconia.

Höfling died after a long illness on 1 March 2014 in Main-Spessart, Bavaria. He was 77 years old.

References

1936 births
2014 deaths
German Roman Catholics
Roman Catholic priests
Rautavaara is a municipality in Northern Savonia, Finland. About 1,780 people lived there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Juankoski, Juuka, Kuopio, Lapinlahti, Nurmes, Sonkajärvi, Sotkamo and Valtimo.

Other websites 

 Rautavaara website

Municipalities of Northern Savonia
A system of units is a collection of units of measurement. The quantities described by the units are related to each other by specific rules. These rules may not contradict each other. An example of a system like this is one needed for the problems of the economic system.

Base and derived units
Some of the units are called "base units". These units can be defined by arbitrarily. Other units are called derived units. They are defined using the base units.  
The most common systems of units today are the International System of Units (SI), the Imperial units and the United States customary units. 

The base units of SI are the metre, the second, the kilogram, the ampere, the kelvin, the candela and the mole.   SI has many derived units which include the watt, newton and joule. SI is called a "coherent system of units" because the constant factor in the definition of it derived units is always 1.
 
The base units of the imperial system and the United States customary system are the pound avoirdupois, the yard and the second. Derived units found in the Imperial and Customary systems of units include horsepower and Pounds per square inch.

Coherent units
The relationship force, energy and power is an example of coherence. The equations are
force = kf × mass × acceleration
energy = ke × force × distance
power = kp × energy / time.
If kf = 1 and ke = 1 and kp = 1 then the relationships are coherent.

In SI, the equations become
newtons = kilograms × metres per second squared
joules = newtons × metres
watts = joules / second. 
SI is therefore a coherent system.

In the cgs system of units, the equations become
dynes = grams × centimetres per second squared
ergs = dynes × centimetres
ergs per second = erg / second. 
The equations for the cgs system do not have any additional constants. It is therefore a coherent system.

In the MKS-gravitational system, the equations become
kilogram-force = kilograms × metres per second squared / 9.80665
Pferdestärke = 75 × kilogram-force × metres /seconds
The equations in the MKS-gravitational system have factors 75 and 9.80655. The system is therefore not is therefore not a coherent.

Related pages 
 System of measurement

Notes

References 

Physics
Measurement
Systems
Marsha M. Linehan (born May 5, 1943) is an American psychologist and writer. She made a new kind of psychotherapy called dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Linehan is a Professor of Psychology, Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Washington in Seattle.

Early life
Linehan was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. She was diagnosed with schizophrenia in March 1961 at The Institute of Living in Hartford, Connecticut. She was an inpatient there for 2 years and 2 months. She was given thorazine and lithium as treatment. She believes that she was misdiagnosed and that she actually had borderline personality disorder.

In 1971 Linehan was given her Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Loyola University Chicago.

Career
After she left university, Linehan did an internship at The Suicide Prevention and Crisis Service in Buffalo, New York from 1971 to 1972. During that time Linehan was also an assistant professor at University at Buffalo, The State University of New York.

In 1973 Linehan went back to Loyola University to work as a professor for two years. In 1977 Linehan became an assistant professor in the Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences department of the University of Washington.

References

1943 births
American psychologists
Living people
Scientists from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Writers from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Vito Joseph LoGrasso (born June 18, 1964 in Brooklyn) is an American professional wrestler. He is known under the ring names Big Vito and just Vito. He is best known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). He also spent a short time in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

On September 2013, he opened a wrestling school in Clearwater, Florida.

Championships
Atomic Championship Wrestling
ACW Tristate Championship (one time)
American Championship Pro Wrestling
ACPW Heavyweight Championship (one time, current)
Big Time Wrestling
BTW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Deep South Wrestling
Deep South Heavyweight Championship (one time)
European Wrestling Promotion
Ironman Hardcore Knockout Tournament (2002)
Golden Cine Professional Wrestling
Pro Wrestling Heavyweight Championship of Nepal (one time)
International Wrestling Association
IWA Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Midwest Championship Wrestling Alliance
MCWA Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Helmut Hessler)
United States Extreme Wrestling
UXW United States Championship (one time)
World Championship Wrestling
WCW Hardcore Championship (two times) (won jointly with Johnny the Bull)
WCW World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Johnny the Bull)

References

Other websites
Official website

1964 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from New York City
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
Bikini Kill was an American punk rock band. The band was started in October 1990 in Olympia. The band's members were singer Kathleen Hanna, guitarist Billy Karren, bassist Kathi Wilcox, and drummer Tobi Vail.

History
The band was started in Olympia, Washington by Kathleen Hanna (vocals), Billy Karren (guitar), Kathi Wilcox (bass), and Tobi Vail (drums).  They released a demo cassette tape in 1991. They were then signed to Kill Rock Stars. Their first extended play Bikini Kill was released on the label. In September 1993 the band's first album Pussy Whipped was released. The band's last album, Reject All American was released in 1996. In 1997 the band broke up. In 2012 Bikini Kill was released again. In 2014 Yeah Yeah Yeah Yeah was released again.

References

1990s American music groups
1990 establishments in the United States
American punk bands
Musical groups established in 1990
Musical groups disestablished in 1997
Musical groups from Washington
Olympia, Washington
1990s establishments in Washington (state)
1990s disestablishments in Washington (state)
The Division of Fisher is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up in 1949 and is named after Andrew Fisher, three times Prime Minister of Australia. It covers the Sunshine Coast area north of Brisbane. It includes the towns of Caloundra, Mooloolaba, Beerwah, Maleny, Woodford and Kilcoy.

Members

Sir Charles Adermann was Deputy Leader of the Country Party 1964–66. 

Peter Slipper was elected as Speaker on 24 November 2011 and resigned from the Liberal National Party.  He stayed in parliament as an independent member. He resigned as speaker on 9 October 2012. On 11 May 2013, he joined businessman Clive Palmer's new Palmer United Party, becoming its first member in federal parliament. However, only hours later his membership of the party was cancelled and Slipper returned to being an independent.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Fisher (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
Queensland
1949 establishments in Australia