cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Troy is a 2004 Anglo-American action movie about the Trojan War. The movie was nominated for an Oscar in 2005. It stars Brad Pitt as Achilles, Eric Bana as Hector, and Peter O'Toole as King Priam. Diane Kruger is Helen of Sparta.

Plot
In Sparta, Prince Hector and his young brother Paris want Troy and Sparta to have peace but there is a war. The Greeks come and take control of a beach at Troy. Achilles and the Myrmidons kill many Trojans. Achilles and Hector meet but do not fight. The Trojans have a surprise attack. As the Greeks are close to losing, Achilles comes with the Myrmidons, and joins the fight. Achilles fights Hector and Hector is killed. After Hector's death, the Greeks make a plan to come into Troy using a wooden horse. Trojans think the wooden horse is a gift to the Gods. The Trojans take the horse into the city and celebrate. Greeks come out of the horse at night, opening the doors to the city. This lets the army enter the city and The Trojans are defeated. Paris killed Achilles but died after the war.

References

Other websites

2004 action movies
2000s war movies
2000s epic movies
2000s historical movies
American action movies
American epic movies
American war movies
British action movies
British war movies
Maltese movies
Movies directed by Wolfgang Petersen
Movies based on Greek and Roman mythology
Wolfgang Petersen (born 14 March 1941) is a German movie director and screenwriter. His work includes The NeverEnding Story, Enemy Mine, Outbreak, In the Line of Fire, Air Force One, Das Boot, The Perfect Storm, Troy and Poseidon. 

Petersen was born in Emden, Lower Saxony, Germany. One of his first efforts was the 1977 Die Konsequenz He worked the 2006 live-action adaptation of the anime movie Paprika.

Other websites

1941 births
Living people
German movie directors
German movie producers
German screenwriters
People from Emden
Television directors
Television producers
Television writers
Gabor Acs (born 1926 in Budapest) is a Hungarian architect.  He was a member of Order of Architects in Rome.

Education 
He enrolled at the Faculty of Architecture-Engineering, University of Budapest, where he graduated in 1948. With the arrival of Soviet Forces, the father decides to leave for Italy with his family, living in Rome. Gabor then moved to Milan for his degree in architecture from the Polytechnic. After graduating in 1953, decided to reach the United States.

Career 
After some experience with architectural design, he became associated with I. M. Pei and Partners in New York. From 1956 to 1963, in association with Pei and Henry N. Cobb, he designed residential buildings in New York, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh and other urban planning projects including the Master Plan of Cleveland, Ohio.

As SGI's chief architect, Gabor Acs, and Watergate complex chief architect Luigi Moretti, flew to New York City on May 17 1962 and defended the complex's design in a special three-hour meeting with United States Commission of Fine Arts members.

Italy 
Then he transfers its business in Rome and since 1963, in his office in Piazza Navona, running projects for Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Canada, France, Guinea, Iran, Italy, Kenya, Libya, Mexico, Monaco, Nigeria, Venezuela, Zaire. 
These include in particular: 

 in 1963 Port Royal residential tower in Montreal (Canada) and Victoria Place business center working with Luigi Moretti and Pier Luigi Nervi; in 1964: building and offices and gallery trading on Champs Elysees Pan-Am Building in Paris; in 1966: 5 residential towers in Mexico City in 1967: Headquarters of the Red Cross and Expansion, Rue de Berry in Paris; in 1968: residential building Sperlinga Villa, in Palermo; in 1969: the hotel and residential tower Mirabeau in Monaco and the headquarters of the Toyota in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia); in 1979: three offices' towers and pedestrian plaza of the complex Fiera District in Bologna, in collaboration with Kenzō Tange; in 1980: National Center for Civil Defence in Rome.

Personal life 
Gabor Acs lives in Rome with his wife Armelle.

References 

1926 births
Living people
Architects
Hungarian people
Table Football, Table Soccer and Foosball, are regional names of a table-top game based on association football (EUR) or soccer (USA). The name "foosball" comes from the German word for football, "fussball" or "fußball". Both a recreational game and a serious sport, the game can be played by two (singles) or four (doubles) players.  

Tables are broadly defined as professional or home-grade. The tables function the same, but just like pool tables, vary widely in features.

Home-grade tables are great for kids and casual players. A professional grade table in a home game room is a sign of a serious player.

Foosball is played world-wide and professional grade tables reflect unique characteristics of their country of origin.

Serious players need the additional ball control, weight and strength the professional-grade products feature to handle four adult players. 

Currently the game of Foosball is again expanding in popularity. For serious players there are local, state, regional, national and international tournaments. 

.

Other websites
International Table Soccer Federation
Foosball table this year

Football
Spencer Pratt (born August 14, 1983 in Los Angeles, California) is an American television personality. He is best known from the MTVs series The Hills.

Pratt and Heidi Montag were housemates in the January 2013 series of Celebrity Big Brother (UK).

1983 births
Living people
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
Participants in American reality television series
People from Los Angeles
Television personalities from California
Training Day is a 2001 American crime drama thriller movie. It stars Denzel Washington and Ethan Hawke. Washington won an Academy Award for his leading role as psychopathic LAPD detective Alonzo Harris. It was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was also remade as a tv series in 2017 starring Bill Paxton.

Other websites 

2001 crime movies
2001 drama movies
2001 thriller movies
2000s crime drama movies
2000s crime thriller movies
2000s drama thriller movies
Academy Award winning movies
American crime drama movies
American crime thriller movies
American drama thriller movies
American gangster movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
English-language movies
Film noir
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies directed by Antoine Fuqua
Movies adapted into television series
Daniel Tosh (born May 29, 1975) is an American stand-up comedian. Tosh is of West German descent.

Early life

Tosh was born in Germany but grew up in Titusville, Florida. His father was a preacher. He had one brother and two sisters. After graduating from Astronaut High School in 1993 and later the University of Central Florida with a degree in marketing, Tosh moved to Los Angeles where he lives with his dog.

Career

Tosh's first big career break came in 2001 with his performance on the Late Show with David Letterman. His first attempt to appear on the show was cut short, though, due to time limits caused by the star guest, Eric Kraff, overlapping with his segment. He followed with appearances on programs such as The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Jimmy Kimmel Live! and Comedy Central's Premium Blend. In 2003, he performed in his own thirty-minue special on Comedy Central Presents. On June 17, 2007, Comedy Central aired a stand-up special featuring Tosh, Daniel Tosh: Completely Serious. He also hosted an episode of Comedy Central's Live at Gotham. Tosh is also a regular guest on The Bob & Tom Show. He had a small part in the feature film In the Army Now starring Pauly Shore and Andy Dick. He also had a bit part in The Love Guru,

Currently, Tosh hosts Tosh.0, a show showcasing internet video clips on Comedy Central. Daniel Tosh also had another stand-up special called "Daniel Tosh: Happy Thoughts".

Works
Tosh has released two albums, True Stories I Made Up, which was released on November 8, 2005 by Comedy Central and Daniel Tosh: Completely Serious, which was released on June 17, 2007 by Comedy Central. His Comedy Central TV show Tosh.0 premiered on June 4, 2009.

Releases 
 True Stories I Made Up (CD, 2005)
 Daniel Tosh: Completely Serious (DVD, 2007)
 Happy Thoughts (CD/DVD, 2011)

References

Other websites
danieltosh.com, official site
Daniel Tosh official MySpace page

Comedians from Florida
Living people
1975 births
American television presenters
A veil is a soft covering of all or part of the face. It has often been used by women in many cultures. It is often used by brides on their wedding day. It may have religious meaning, or it may be used for pleasure or dance. It is different from a mask because a mask is close-fitting, and often firm or hard, while a veil is soft and may fit loosely.

Veils as communication 
Veils are a kind of non-verbal communication. They always have some kind of unspoken message.

Some kinds of veil include a hood which covers the entire head, like a hijab. The point of covering the head entirely is to cover all parts which have any sexual meaning. A woman's hair is one of her secondary sexual characteristics, and acts (with her face, body and personality) to attract the opposite sex. Some religious groups believe that female sexuality should not be shown in public.

The most important part of the head (for the viewer) is the face, because the human face takes part in communication. Covering it says, in effect, 'this person is not available'. That is why it has been used so often by women. Because it is of soft material, the veil may be lifted back over the head or unclipped from one side. This is also a signal. It says 'now I am available'. So brides lift their veil at the point when they are married.

Veils may be, and often are, partly transparent. This adds ambiguity and mystery to the 'message' it offers the viewer; it is a 'fashion statement'. The raising or dropping of veils is a sign of intimacy: the wearer, who was covered, is now in the open. In an extreme example, the idea of a "Dance of the Seven Veils" originates with the 1893 English translation of Oscar Wilde's 1891 French play Salome in the stage direction.

Related pages

Mask
Make-up

Culture
Human communication
Headgear
This list includes events from the 1240s.

Events 
 Batu Khan and the Golden Horde sack the Ruthenian city of Kiev.
 Mandinka prince Sundiata Keita defeats Sosso king Soumaoro Kanté at the Battle of Kirina, beginning the Mali Empire.
 July 15 1240 – Russian prince Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva, saving Russia from a full-scale enemy invasion from the North.
 End of the civil war era in Norway.
 Saint Maurice is started to be portrayed as Moor.
 April 5 1241 – Mongols of Golden Horde under the command of Subotai defeat feudal Polish nobility, including Knights Templar, in the battle of Liegnitz
 April 27 1241 – Mongols defeat Bela IV of Hungary in the battle of Sajo.

Births 
 Abulafia, Maltese Jewish philosopher (died 1292)
 Pope Benedict XI (died 1304)
 Stephen V of Hungary (died 1272)
 Sigerus of Brabant, French theologian (died 1284)
 Albert the Degenerate, landgrave of Thuringia (approximate date; died 1314)

Deaths 
 April 11 1240 – Llywelyn the Great, King of Gwynedd
 Ibn Arabi, Andalusian Arab philosopher
 Jacques de Vitry, French historian and theologian (born c. 1180)
 William de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey (born 1166)
Olympia is a 1938 movie by Leni Riefenstahl documenting the 1936 Summer Olympics, held in the Olympic Stadium in Berlin, Germany.

Other websites
 
 
 

Sports movies
1938 movies
Karen Horney (16 September 1885 in Blankenese, Germany – 4 December 1952 in New York)  was a German psychoanalyst and psychiatrist. Her theories questioned some traditional Freudian views.

Works by Karen Horney
The following are all still in print:
 Neurosis and Human Growth, Norton, New York, 1950. 
 Are You Considering Psychoanalysis? Norton, 1946. 
 Our Inner Conflicts, Norton, 1945. 
 Self-analysis , Norton, 1942. 
 New Ways in Psychoanalysis, Norton, 1939.  (alternate link)
 The Neurotic Personality of our Time, Norton, 1937. 
 Feminine Psychology (reprints), Norton, 1922-37 1967. 
 The Collected Works of Karen Horney (2 vols.), Norton, 1950. 
 The Adolescent Diaries of Karen Horney, Basic Books, New York, 1980. 
 The Therapeutic Process: Essays and Lectures, ed. Bernard J. Paris, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1999. 
 The Unknown Karen Horney: Essays on Gender, Culture, and Psychoanalysis, ed. Bernard J. Paris, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2000.

Other websites

The American Institute for Psychoanalysis
International Karen Horney Society
Biography at Webster.edu. 
Lecture notes alongside psychological opinions at Sonoma.edu
Our Inner Conflicts: excerpts 
Books by Karen Horney at the Internet Archive

1885 births
1952 deaths
German psychiatrists
The Aryan race is an idea that was formed in the 19th and 20th centuries.  The term "Aryan" comes from the Rig Veda and is the name of an ancient group of people in ancient Persia and India, who spoke an Indo-European language. It has been used to describe people of Iranian and Indian descent, but there was no record of Aryans in European history. Later it was used for Germanic peoples because of new ideas about the Aryans.

The term Aryan comes from the ancient Sanskrit word ārya, which was a term used by Sanskrit speaking people to distinguish themselves from other races. The Iranians also used the terms, and the name Iran means "land of the Aryans". The idea of an Aryan race was first used as a category of people but was later used by occult movements such as Theosophy. It was also later used by Nazis and white supremacists in racist ways.

Nazism 
The ideology of Nazism was based upon the idea of the Aryan race or Germanic peoples being a master race. The Nazi view of the Aryan race came from earlier racial theorists such as Arthur de Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain.

As the leader of Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler, became set in his ways, he decided with proclamations that some other groups of people were also Aryans along with Germanic peoples. He declared Hungarians to be "Aryan" in 1934, the Japanese were made officially "Aryans" in 1936, and the Finns were officially added in as "Aryans" by his proclamation in 1942. However, Nazi Germany did not regard Slavs as "Aryans", but as inferiors and non-Aryan. They were usually vague as to whether Italians were "Aryan", although Italy under Mussolini had a "Manifesto of Race" in 1938 that said they were.

Occult belief 
Theosophy, a mystical occult society founded in 1875 by Helena Blavatsky believes that the Arabian people and the Jews are a part of the Aryan race. It is believed by Theosophists that the Arabians used the Semitic languages of the people around them. These people had moved to the area from Atlantis. Theosophists claim that the Jews began as a part of the Arabian subrace in what is now Yemen around 30,000 BC. They moved first to Somalia and then to Egypt where they lived until the time of Moses.

References

Other websites 
 Who Were the Aryans? The Aryan Invasion Myth

Race
Nazism
Indo-European
Keynesian economics (also called Keynesianism) describes the economics theories of John Maynard Keynes. Keynes wrote about his theories in his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. The book was published in 1936.

Keynes said capitalism is a good economic system. In a capitalist system, people earn money from their work. Businesses employ and pay people to work. Then people can spend their money on things they want. Other people work and make things to buy. Sometimes the capitalist system has problems. People lose their work. Businesses close. People cannot work and cannot spend money. Keynes said the government should step in and help people who do not have work.

This idea is called "demand-side policy". If people are working, the economy is good. If people are not working, the economy is bad.

Keynes said when the economy is bad, people want to save their money. That is, they do not spend their money on, or invest in, things they want. As a result, there is less economic activity. 

Keynes said the government should spend more money when people do not have work. The government can borrow money and give people jobs (work). Then people can spend money again and buy things. This helps other people find work.

Some people, such as conservatives, libertarians, and people who believe in Austrian economics, do not agree with Keynes' ideas. They say government work does not help capitalism. They say when the government borrows money, it takes money away from businesses. They do not like Keynesian economics because they say the economy can get better without government help.

During the late 1970s, Keynesian economics became less popular because inflation was high at the same time that unemployment was high. This is because many people interpreted Keynesian theory to say that it was impossible for there to be both high inflation and high unemployment. 

When a big recession happened in 2007, Keynesian economics became more popular. Leaders around the world (including Barack Obama) created stimulus packages which would allow their government to spend a lot of money to create jobs. Conservatives and Libertarians would say that the stimulus package rewards the bad behavior that lead to the recession. It tells big banks that they can misbehave and the government will step in and get them out of trouble.

Basic ideas 
Keynes had the following ideas:
 The market for goods controls employment and production. The market for work does not.
 It is possible that people become unemployed even if they want to work.
 An increase in savings will not lead to an increase in investment of the same amount. People have the choice between investing their money or saving it.
 An economic system based on money is different from one that is based on the exchange of goods.
 The quantity theory of money is only valid if there is no unemployment.
 In a market economy, investor behavior is governed by what Keynes called the animal spirits of investors.
Economic theories
Kaiser Chiefs is an alternative rock band from Leeds, England. They were active as Parva from 2000 to 2003, then changed their name to Kaiser Chiefs in 2003.

Their name come from the name of the Kaizer Chiefs association football club in South Africa.

Kaiser Chiefs 2016 album stay together was very successfull.

Discography

References

Other websites
 Kaiser Chiefs official website

2000 establishments in England
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
Alternative rock bands
English rock bands
Leeds
Musical groups established in 2000
Musical groups from Yorkshire
Elam was an long-lasting ancient civilization just to the east of Mesopotamia, in what is now southwest Iran. Elam was centered in the far west and southwest of what is now modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of southern Iraq..

History 
Knowledge of Elamite history is not complete. It is mainly known from Mesopotamian sources. The history of Elam is divided into three periods, over more than two millennia. The three periods come after the proto-Elamite period:
Proto-Elamite: c. 3200 BC – 2700 BC (Proto-Elamite script in Susa)
Old Elamite period: c. 2700 BC – 1600 BC  (earliest documents until the Eparti dynasty)
Middle Elamite period: c. 1500 BC – 1100 BC (Anzanite dynasty until the Babylonian invasion of Susa)
Neo-Elamite period: c. 1100 BC – 539 BC (characterized by Iranian and Syrian influence. 539 BC marks the beginning of the Achaemenid period)

The Proto-Elamite city of Susa was founded around 5000 BC in the watershed of the river Karun. It is considered to be the site of Proto-Elamite cultural formation.  

Written records start from around 3000 BC in the Old Elamite period (Middle Bronze Age). In the Achaemenid Empire the Elamite language was among those in official use. The Elamite language has no obvious connections with any other, and seems to be a language isolate like Sumerian. Some researchers have suggested the existence of a larger group known as Elamo-Dravidian. This theory is not established.

The Elamites called their country Haltamti, but the Sumerians and Akkadians called it Elam, and so it was also in the Hebrew Bible. The civilisation started around 2700 BC, and they were finally conquered by the Achmaenids in 640 BC. A tablet found in 1848 has the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal boasting of his conquest:
"Susa, the great holy city, abode of their Gods, seat of their mysteries, I conquered. I entered its palaces, I opened their treasuries where silver and gold, goods and wealth were amassed...I destroyed the ziggurat of Susa. I smashed its shining copper horns. I reduced the temples of Elam to naught; their gods and goddesses I scattered to the winds. The tombs of their ancient and recent kings I devastated, I exposed to the sun, and I carried away their bones toward the land of Ashur. I devastated the provinces of Elam and on their lands I sowed salt.

As it happens, the Elamites managed to stay independent for some time after this disaster. The devastation was less complete than Assurbanipal boasted, and Elamite rule, though rather broken up, continued until 540 BC, when Achaemenid rule begins in Susa. Under the Parthian period, a kingdom of Elymais existed which survived until its extinction by Sassanid invasion in the early third century AD. It was in the heartland of ancient Elam.

References 

Mesopotamia
History of Iran
Dental braces are wires that are held together by brackets glued to the permanent teeth. The wires and brackets may be made of metal or other materials. Each week or month (or other time the orthodontist decides) the braces may be checked, cleaned, or changed into a tighter wire. 

Braces are an orthodontic device. They are to make the teeth straight, and to correct problems in a person's bite. There are many natural problems which occur to the way teeth fit together, but not everyone needs or will need braces. 

However, the use of braces is quite common, even when they are not medically necessary. Their cosmetic use for young females is more common in countries with first world economies. To overcome the visibility of traditional metal braces, there are now nearly transparent braces. Sometimes braces are possible behind the teeth, and so are not in view.

Notes 

Orthodontics
Dentistry
Shin-Soo Choo (born July 13, 1982 in Busan, South Korea) is a South Korean baseball player. He is a center fielder for the Texas Rangers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Choo also played for the Seattle Mariners from 2005-2006 and the Cleveland Indians from 2006–2012.

Choo was required to serve 2 years in the South Korea military service before he turns 30 in 2012. However, he was exempted from military service due to his contribution to the Korean National Baseball team winning the Gold Medal in the 2010 Asian Games 

He is married and lives near Phoenix, Arizona.

Other websites
Shin-Soo Choo's MLB player profile

1982 births
Living people
South Korean baseball players
Cincinnati Reds players
Cleveland Indians players
Seattle Mariners players
People from Busan
Texas Rangers players
Bryan Bickell (born March 9, 1986 in Orono, Ontario) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey left winger. He played for the Chicago Blackhawks amd Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Career
He was chosen 41st overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He earned a Stanley Cup ring from the team but his name was not engraved on the cup. On June 24, 2013, Bickell won his second Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

Health issues
Bickell began experiencing symptoms of vertigo that forced him to miss two games during the 2015 Stanley Cup Finals. He initially believed the ailment was caused by an infected tooth. Bickell's agent later commented that Bickell was suffering from vestibular issues, which hindered his performance during the 2015–16 Chicago Blackhawks season. In November 2016, Bickell began experiencing an unexplained pain in his shoulder and leg that caused him to miss multiple games. Doctors later diagnosed Bickell with multiple sclerosis. Bickell commented on his health by stating, "Since the 2015 playoffs, I've been struggling to understand what was going on with my body. Again during the past few weeks, it felt like something wasn't right." Ron Francis, the Hurricanes' general manager, stated that Bickell would take an indefinite amount of time off from hockey to receive treatment for his condition. While Bickell ultimately returned to Hurricanes towards the end of the 2016–17 season, he announced he would retire from playing hockey to focus on his MS treatment.

References

Other websites 

1986 births
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Carolina Hurricanes players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
People with multiple sclerosis
Stanley Cup champions
American Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
Khloé Alexandra Kardashian (born June 27, 1984) is an American television personality. She is the sister of Kim and Kourtney Kardashian.  Kardashian is the daughter of Kris and Robert Kardashian Sr., who is known for representing O. J. Simpson during his infamous 1995 trial. She has one younger brother, Rob Kardashian Jr. She has had her own reality television series, Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami and Khloé & Lamar. She and her sisters own the fashion store DASH and formerly owned the children's store Smooch, both run by her family.

Background 
Kardashian was born on June 27, 1984 in Los Angeles, California.

Television
In 2017, calling herself the "fat, funny sister" during her childhood, Kardashian introduced the new E! TV series Revenge Body with Khloé Kardashian, focused on helping contestants lose weight and improve physically and mentally over 12 weeks before making a reveal of their new body.  The show was picked up for a second season.

Personal life 
Kardashian married Los Angeles Lakers basketball player Lamar Odom in 2009.  She filed for divorce in December 2013, and it was finalized in 2016.  She previously dated NBA player James Harden and music producer French Montana.

Kardashian is currently in a relationship with NBA player Tristan Thompson.  On September 26, 2017, it was revealed that they are expecting a child together. This announcement came after Kardashian's half-sister Kylie Jenner announced her own pregnancy with rapper Travis Scott.

On April 12, 2018, Kardashian gave birth to her first child (and Thompson's second), a daughter named True Thompson.

References 

1984 births
Living people

American television personalities
Television personalities from Los Angeles
Participants in American reality television series
Kardashian family
The 2008 Kosovo illegal declaration of independence was an act of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government Assembly of Kosovo. It was adopted on 17 February 2008 by all of the 109 members that were present, which was the minimum number needed for it to pass. It declared Kosovo to be independent from Serbia.

It was the second declaration of independence by Kosovo's Albanian-majority political institutions. The first was proclaimed on 7 September 1990.

The government of Serbia said that the declaration was illegal. It took the case to the International Court of Justice. The ICJ said that the declaration did not violate international law.

United Nations
Following a request from Russia, the United Nations Security Council held an emergency session in the afternoon of 17 February. The United Nations Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon, issued a statement that avoided taking sides and urged all parties "to refrain from any actions of statements that could endanger peace, incite violence or jeopardize security in Kosovo or the region." Speaking on behalf of six western countries—Belgium, Croatia, France, Germany, Italy and the United States—the Belgian ambassador expressed regret "that the Security Council cannot agree on the way forward, but this impasse has been clear for many months. Today's events... represent the conclusion of a status process that has exhausted all avenues in pursuit of a negotiated outcome."

ICJ ruling
On July 22, 2010 the International Court of Justice ruled that the declaration did not violate international law. Prior to the announcement Hashim Thaçi said there would be no "winners or losers" and that "I expect this to be a correct decision, according to the will of Kosovo's citizens. Kosovo will respect the advisory opinion." For his part, Boris Tadić, the Serbian president, warned that "If the International Court of Justice sets a new principle, it would trigger a process that would create several new countries and destabilise numerous regions in the world."

References

Declarations of independence
The Volkswagen Golf Mk6 is the sixth generation of the compact car Volkswagen Golf. It successed the Mk5 in 2008.

Versions

Engines

Petrol 
 1.2 TSI 63 kW (86 hp) and 77 kW (105 hp)
 1.4 16V 59 kW (80 hp)
 1.4 TSI 90 kW (122 hp) and 118 kW (160 hp)
 1.6 75 kW (102 hp)
 2.0 GTI 154 kW (210 hp)
 2.0 R 199 kW (270 hp)

Diesel 
 1.6 TDI 77 kW (105 hp)
 2.0 TDI 81 kW (110 hp) and 103 kW (140 hp)
 2.0 GTD 125 kW (170 hp)

Golf Mk6
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles

it:Volkswagen Golf IV
Henri Constant Gabriel Pierné (16 August 1863–17 July 1937) was a French composer, conductor, and organist.

Personal Life
Gabriel Pierné was born in Metz in 1863. His family moved to Paris to get away from the Franco-Prussian War. He studied at the Paris Conservatoire. Pierné got first prizes for solfège, piano, organ, counterpoint, and fugue. He won the French Prix de Rome in 1882, with his work Edith. His teachers were Antoine François Marmontel, Albert Lavignac, Émile Durand, César Franck (for the organ) and Jules Massenet (for composition). 

He succeeded Franck as organist at Saint Clotilde Basilica in Paris from 1890 to 1898. Pierné himself was succeeded by another Franck student. His name was Charles Tournemire. Associated for many years with Édouard Colonne's concert series, the Concerts Colonne, from 1903, Pierné became head conductor of this series in 1910.

His most famous early performance was the world start of Igor Stravinsky's ballet The Firebird, at the Ballets Russes, Paris, on 25 June 1910. He remained in the post until 1933. 

He died in Ploujean, Finistère, in 1937.

1863 births
1937 deaths

20th-century French composers
Sir Michael Terence Wogan  (; 3 August 1938 – 31 January 2016), better known as Terry Wogan, was a veteran Irish-British radio and television broadcaster, who has worked for the British Broadcasting Corporation in the United Kingdom for most of his career. Before he retired from the weekday breakfast programme Wake Up to Wogan on BBC Radio 2 on 18 December 2009, Wogan had a regular eight million listeners, making him the most listened to radio broadcaster of any European nation. He began his career at Raidió Teilifís Éireann where he presented shows such as Jackpot in the 1960s.

Wogan was a leading media personality in the UK from the late 1960s and is often referred to as a national treasure. He is best known in the United Kingdom for his BBC 1 chat show Wogan, the game show Blankety Blank, for his work presenting Children in Need, as the host of Wake Up to Woganon BBC Radio 2, and as the BBC's commentator for the Eurovision Song Contest from 1980 to 2008. He was awarded an honorary knighthood in 2005. When he took dual British citizenship later that year, he became entitled to be addressed as "Sir Terry Wogan".

Wogan started a primetime weekend show on Radio 2 from 14 February 2010.

Wogan died on 31 January 2016 in Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England from cancer of unknown primary origin at the age of 77.

References

1938 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from cancer of unknown primary origin
BBC radio presenters
BBC television presenters 
British entertainers
British radio personalities
British television personalities
Cancer deaths in England
Disease-related deaths in Buckinghamshire
Eurovision Song Contest presenters

Irish television presenters
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
People from Limerick
Attica Correctional Facility is a prison in Attica, New York. The prison was the site of a riot in 1971, because prisoners wanted better conditions in it.

References 

Prisons
Buildings and structures in New York
Happy slapping is a trend in which innocent people are hurt, for no apparent reason. Most of the time, happy slapping is done in groups. One person in the group will hit an innocent person, while another films the onset. In English-speaking countries, the crime is usually deemed assault. In some cases, the victims are beaten to unconsciousness, or even killed. Mostly, the name is used for small acts of violence such as hitting or jumping on the victim, but the media has also used it for more serious crimes such as murder, rape, and sexual assault.

Happy slapping began in South London, particularly the London Borough of Lewisham. The first use was as Slap Happy TV, where many people would watch and judge the exploit of a happy slapper.

References

Types of crime
Germania is a painting by Philipp Veit created in March 1848 during the Revolutions of 1848. 
Today Germania is in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg.

19th-century paintings
National personifications
Damselflies are insects in the order Odonata. They are similar to dragonflies, but are in a separate suborder, the Zygoptera. There are 20 families of damselfly. "Demoiselle" is another name for damselflies.

The wings of most damselflies are held along, and parallel to, the body when at rest. There are also damselfly families in which the wings are held open, as in the true dragonflies (Anisoptera). 

Damselflies are also usually smaller, weaker fliers than dragonflies.  Their eyes are well separated by more than their own diameter. Another distinction is that their forewings and hindwings look similar; this is not the case in the true dragonflies. Like dragonflies, damselflies cannot walk, but only land. Their life cycle is also similar. They have incomplete metamorphosis, with an aquatic nymph. The nymph is carnivorous, as is the adult.

Damselflies have existed since the later Carboniferous (early forms may be put in the Protozygoptera by some authorities). They are found on every continent except Antarctica. One feature of their life is different from dragonflies. Not only do their nymphs grow in rivers, but the adults usually keep close to the river, and live in colourful little groups. Most damselflies live their lives within a short distance of where they were hatched.

They are often brilliantly coloured, but when they land on a bush, out of direct sunlight, they are not easy to see. They land and close their wings at the same instant. They have eyes which detect movement well, and they fly off if anything moves nearby. Thus, although they are fragile and highly coloured, they are not easily caught by predators.

All damselflies are predatory; both nymphs and adults eat other insects.

References 

Odonata
Klinefelter syndrome, 47, XXY, or XXY syndrome is a genetic disorder where people have an extra number of X chromosomes. People who have Klinefelter's Syndrome are often called "XXY Males", or "47, XXY Males".

Effects
Males who have this condition are almost always infertile. This means that they cannot father babies.

In other organisms
Other males can have Klinefelter's Syndrome as well as humans. The mouse is one example. 
Tortoiseshell or calico markings on male cats are an indicator of Klinefelter's syndrome. These cats are considered to be the model organism for Klinefelter syndrome, because the gene for a cat's orange/black coat markings is found on the X chromosome.

References

Other websites 
 

Syndromes
Trisomies

ro:Cromozomul X#Sindromul Klinefelter (47,XXY sau 48,XXXY)
Rumba is a music and dance term with two different meanings.

First, it means Cuban event of African style, the rumba genre of Afro-Cuban music. This use of the term 'rumba' is quite different from the Latin ballroom dance.

Second, it refers to one of the Latin ballroom dances. In this sense, the Rumba is the slowest of the five competitive International Latin dances. The Paso doble, the Samba, the Cha-cha-cha and the Jive are the others. This ballroom Rumba was also danced in Cuba to a rhythm they call the bolero-son. The international style was derived from studies of dance in Cuba in the pre-revolutionary period.

Rumba outside Cuba 
The Peanut Vendor was the first recording of Cuban music to become an international hit. It was described on the label as a rumba, perhaps because the word son would not be understood in English. The label stuck, and a 'rumba craze' developed through the 1930s. This kind of rumba was introduced into dance salons in America and Europe in the 1930s, and was characterized by variable tempo, sometimes nearly twice as fast as the modern ballroom Rumba.

Ballroom Rumba 
The modern style of dancing the Rumba derives from studies made by dance teacher Monsieur Pierre (Pierre Zurcher-Margolle). Pierre, then from London, visited Cuba in 1947, 1951 and 1953 to find out how and what Cubans were dancing at the time.Intro 

The international ballroom Rumba is a slower dance of about 120 beats per minute which corresponds, both in music and in dance to what the Cubans of an older generation called the bolero-son. It is easy to see why, for ease of reference and for marketing, rumba is a better name, however inaccurate. It is the same kind of reason that led later on to the use of salsa as an overall term for popular music of Cuban origin.

All social dances in Cuba involve a hip-sway over the standing leg and, though this is hardly noticeable in fast salsa, it is more pronounced in the slow ballroom rumba. Walter Laird put it like this:
[After taking a step to the side] "Transfer full weight to this foot allowing the pelvis to move sideways and back so that the weight is felt to be near the heel of the standing foot. The knee of the supporting leg is locked back".p9 
In general, steps are kept compact and the dance is danced without any rise and fall. This style is authentic, as is the use of free arms in various figures. The basic figures derive from dance moves observed in Havana in the pre-revolutionary period, and have developed their own life since then. Competition figures are often complex, and this is where competition dance separates from social dance. Details can be obtained from the syllabi of dance teaching organizations and from standard texts.

Other websites 
 Basic international Rumba demonstrated by Bryan Watson and Karen Hardy, former World Professional champions. 
 A more advanced version by the same pair:

References 

Dance music
Latin dances
The Gadget Show is a British television series. It focuses on technology and is shown on Channel 5. It has progressed from 30 minutes to 1 hour long. Each week there is a challenge, usually starring main presenter Suzi Perry and Jason Bradbury, and numerous tests, as well as some new features such as Top Five, The Wall of Fame and Focus Group. Also, there is a huge prize fund available to win if viewers phone in and answer a multiple-choice question.

The show tries to have enough information but not too much so that it bores people. It is hosted in a studio. Series 20 began on 14 October 2013.

Other websites 

2004 British television series debuts
2000s British television series
2010s British television series
Channel 5 (UK) television programmes
English-language television programs
Bullfighting is an old sport. Today it is mostly done in Spain, and in Portugal, and some countries of South America.

The largest bullring is the Plaza México in central Mexico City, which seats 48,000 people, and the oldest is the La Maestranza in Seville, Spain, which was first used for bullfighting in 1765.

The Spanish bullfight (Corrida de toros) is a fight to the death. The modern bullfight has a ritual. It has three distinct stages, the start of each being signalled by a trumpet. The bullfighters (Toreros) enter the arena in a parade, to Paso doble music. The rules, costumes and traditions were sorted out by Paquiro (Francisco Montes Reina, 13 January 1804  4 April 1851, the greatest matador of his time.

A team of bullfighters is seven men. The leader is the matador, and he has six assistants, who play roles in the drama. Bullfighters' costumes are inspired by 18th century Andalusian clothing. Matadores ('those who kill the bull') are easily seen by the gold of their traje de luces ('suit of lights').

At the end comes the tercio de muerte ('the third of death'). The matador re-enters the ring alone with a small red cape, and a sword. The cape called a muleta. The matador uses his cape to attract the bull in a series of passes. The faena is the performance with the cape. The faena ends with a final series of passes in which the bullfighter tries to move the bull into position. He then stabs it between the shoulder blades and through the aorta or heart. The act of thrusting in the sword is called an estocada.

If the matador gets it wrong, he may be gored by the bull's horns, and killed. This does happen: some very famous matadors have died in the ring. When the great matador Manolete was killed in the ring at the age of 31, three days of official national mourning were held. Bullrings do have an infirmary with an operating room, for the immediate treatment of bullfighters with horn wounds.

There is great opposition to the bullfight from animal welfare organisations. There are also versions of the bullfight in which the animal is unharmed.

Art
Bullfighting has influenced all forms of art and culture. Ernest Hemingway said of bullfinghting: "Bullfighting is the only art in which the artist is in danger of death and in which the degree of brilliance in the performance is left to the fighter's honour". Spanish dance and musical forms such as the paso doble and flamenco are heavily influenced by the spectacle of the bullfight.

References 

Sport in Spain
Animal rights
Sports involving animals
Spanish culture
Casual sex means some types of sexual activity outside of a romantic relationship. The term is not always used the same way: some use it to refer to sex in a casual relationship, and others use the word for one-time encounters, promiscuity, or to refer to sex without strong emotional attachment or love.

Related terms

Hookup
A hookup is casual sex activity that could consist of masturbation, oral sex, or sexual intercourse. An extended hookup sometimes refers to many casual sex interactions with the same person.  This is a situation in which the involved people meet for casual sex multiple times, always without a long-term commitment. This is a casual relationship is usually only for sex and without any emotional meaning.  Also another similar term is "no strings attached" ("NSA") sex.

Other terms used to describe two people engaged in a relationship in which there is no emotional but only sexual involvement are "fuck buddies", "friends with benefits", "booty call", and "ami calin" (the popular French term).

One-night stand 
One-night stand is a single sexual encounter between people, at least one of whom has no desire to start a longer-term sexual or romantic relationship.

Anonymous sex 
Anonymous sex is a form of one-night stand or casual sex between people who have very little or no history with each other, often engaging in sexual activity on the same day of their meeting and usually never seeing each other again after the sex. It is usually homosexual sex between men.

Commercial sites
There are many specialist online dating services or other internet websites, known as "adult personals" or "adult matching" sites, which cater to people looking for a purely physical relationship, without emotional attachments. These can provide a relatively anonymous forum where people who are geographically close but in totally separate work and social circles can make contact.

Related pages
Group sex
STDs

References

Ehrenreich, Barbara, Elizabeth Hess, and Gloria Jacobs. Re-Making Love: The Feminization of Sex. Doubleday, 1986 ()

Human sexuality
John Deere (February 7, 1804 – May 17, 1886) was an American blacksmith and inventor. He started Deere & Company, which is a big company that makes farm equipment. In 1837, he invented the first successful steel plow. This worked better with the tough soil of the Midwestern United States.

John Deere was born in Rutland, Vermont, on February 7, 1804. He was the third son of William Rinold Deere and Sarah Yates Deere. In 1805, the family moved to Middlebury, Vermont, John’s father worked as a tailor. In 1808, William took a boat to England, because he hoped to claim an inheritance and make a more comfortable life for his family. He was never heard from again, and people think that he must have died at sea. John’s mother, Sarah, only had a small of money to raise him. John Deere's education was limited to the elementary schools of Vermont. At the age of 17 he learned how to be a blacksmith, which took him to several places in Vermont.

In 1836, John traveled to Grand Detour, Illinois, to make a fresh start. He had married and nine young children to look after. John was smart and hard working and he easily found work as a blacksmith. There were lots of farmers in Illinois and John had to fix their plows. The new farmers in Illinois struggled to turn heavy, sticky prairie soil with cast iron plows designed for the light, sandy soil of Vermont. John thought about the steel needles he had seen in father’s tailor shop. The needles stayed smooth and shiny because they were pulled through rough leather. John Deere came up with the idea for a plow that would work. The plow in his mind was polished and shiny and made of steel just like his father’s tailoring needles. It was shaped so that it could scour itself as it cut furrows. In 1837, he created his plow using a broken saw blade.

John sold his first plow to a farmer named Lewis Crandall. Lewis loved the plow told lots of other farmers. By 1841, John was making 100 of the plows every year. In 1843, he started working with another man named Leonard Andrus to help him keep up! By 1848, John had stopped working with Leonard and moved the business to Moline, Illinois. Moline had water power, coal and cheaper transportation than in Grand Detour. In 1850, John’s company made 1600 plows. The company was soon producing other tools to go with the steel plow.

In 1858, John asked his son Charles to be in charge of the company. John stayed on as president of the company, but he also wanted to work on others things. He started a bank in Moline and joined a church. He was also the mayor of the city for two years and the director of the city library! John Deere died on May 17, 1886, at his home in Moline.

1804 births
1886 deaths
American inventors
Businesspeople from Illinois
American chief executives
American engineers
American mayors
Politicians from Vermont
Businesspeople from Vermont
Politicians from Illinois

fi:John Deere