cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Arghakhanchi () is a district in Nepal. It is in the Lumbini Zone in the western region. The district headquarters of this district is Sandhikharka.

Related pages
Districts of Nepal

References

Other websites

 
 Arghakhanchi.com news portal

Districts of Nepal
Sandhikharka () is a municipality in Nepal. It is the headquarters of Arghakhanchi District, in the Lumbini Zone of Nepal. On 18 May 2014, it was converted into a municipality by merging Sandhikharka, Bangla, Narapani, Khanchikot, Kimadada, Argha and Dibharna VDCs.

Related pages
Development Regions of Nepal
zones of Nepal

References

Cities in Nepal
Municipalities of Nepal
A phablet () is a type of mobile device designed to combine the format of smartphones and tablet computers. The name itself is a combination of the words phone and tablet.

Phablets have screens that measure diagonally . This size allows for activities such as mobile web browsing and watching videos.

References

Mobile phones
Elisabeta Polihroniade (24 April 1935 – 23 January 2016) was a Romanian chess player and journalist. She became a Woman Grandmaster in 1982. She was also an International Arbiter. She won the Romanian Women's Championship in 1966, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1976 and 1977. She was born in Bucharest.

Polihroniade died on 23 January 2016, aged 80.

References

Other websites

 Elisabeta Polihroniade chess games at 365Chess.com

1935 births
2016 deaths
Chess players
Romanian journalists
Sportspeople from Bucharest
Romanian writers
James Warren "Jimmy" White (born 2 May 1962 in London) is an English professional snooker player. He is one of the most popular players 

White is a six times World Championship finalist but lost the finale each time: 1984 against Steve Davis, 1990 against Stephen Hendry, 1991 against John Parrott and in the next three years still to Stephen Hendry.

Other websites
 Jimmy White at World Snooker

1962 births
Living people
Snooker players
Sportspeople from London
Baglung District ( ) is a district in Nepal. It is in the Dhawalagiri Zone. The district headquarters is Baglung. The district covers an area of . In 2011, it had a population of 268,613.

Related pages
Districts of Nepal

References

Other websites

Districts of Nepal
Baitadi District ( ) is a district of Nepal. It is in the Mahakali Zone. Baitadi is the headquarters of this district.

Related pages
Zones of Nepal
Districts of Nepal

References

Other websites

Districts of Nepal
John Parrott (born 11 May 1964 in Liverpool) is an English former professional snooker player. He was twice in the finals of the World Snooker Championship. In 1989, he lost to Steve Davis, in 1991 he defeated Jimmy White.

Parrott started his professional career in 1989, in the 2010/11 season he lost his place in the world rankings. He is now a snooker commentator.

Other websites
 John Parrott Homepage 

1964 births
Living people
Snooker players
English sportspeople
People from Liverpool
James Stewart Bain (19 December 1947 – 23 January 2016) was a Scottish musician. He was best known as a bassist for the rock bands Rainbow and Dio with Ronnie James Dio. He also works with the Scorpions, John Cale, Gary Moore and wrote for Thin Lizzy frontman Phil Lynott. He was born in Newtonmore.

Bain died on 23 January 2016 while on the Def Leppard's "Hysteria on the High Seas" cruise from pneumonia caused by lung cancer at the age of 68.

References

1947 births
2016 deaths
British bass guitarists
British rock guitarists
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from lung cancer
Scottish rock musicians
Funen () is an island in Denmark. It covers an area of . It is the third-largest island in the country. The main city is Odense which is connected to the sea by a seldom-used canal. 

There are bridges that carry roads and railways to and from Funen. The Great Belt Bridge links Funen to the island of Zealand in the east, while the Old Little Belt Bridge and New Little Belt Bridge link Funen to Jutland in the west.

Other websites

Islands of Denmark
The Kiel Canal is a waterway in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. The canal connects the North Sea from the River Elbe to the Baltic Sea at Kiel. The Canal is about  long. The canal was first opened to traffic on 19 June 1895. It was then improved to allow the largest warships to pass through. The formal reopening of the improved canal was on June 24, 1914. The Kiel Canal is the busiest artificial waterway for seagoing ships worldwide. In 2014, 32,600 ships passed through the waterway.

References

Other websites 

 Kiel Canal 

Buildings and structures in Germany
Canals
Geography of Schleswig-Holstein
École Centrale de Lyon is a graduate school in engineering in France. It is in a campus of the Écully (East of France).

Degrees 
Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur Centralien de Lyon (Centralien Graduate engineer Master's degree level program)
 Masters  & PhD (doctorate studies)
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS).

Education and research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different classes at École Centrale de Lyon.

Most of the 1500 engineering graduate students at École Centrale de Lyon live in residential buildings near the research labs on campus. These are also shared with 6,000 students from EMLYON Business School. The school is member of the French aerospace network France AEROTECH.

Notable graduates 
 Hervé Renaudeau, French aerospace engineer

References

Other websites 
 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in France
1857 establishments in Europe
Lyon
1850s establishments in France
Baltimore is a city in the state of Maryland in the United States.

Baltimore may also refer to:

Places

United States
 Baltimore, California, a former settlement
 Baltimore, Indiana, a now-extinct 19th-century town
 Baltimore, Ohio, a suburb of Columbus
 Baltimore, Tennessee
 Baltimore, Vermont
 Baltimore County, Maryland
 Baltimore Town, California, a former settlement
 Baltimore Township, Michigan

Canada
 Baltimore, Ontario, Township of Hamilton, Ontario

Ireland
 Baltimore, County Cork
 Baltimore (Parliament of Ireland constituency)

People
 George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (1579–1632), English politician and coloniser
 Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), English peer
 Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore (1637–1715)
 Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore (1679–1715), English nobleman and politician
 Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore (1699–1751), British nobleman
 Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (1731–1771), English nobleman and last in the line of Barons Baltimore
 Charli Baltimore (born 1974), American rapper/hip-hop artist
 David Baltimore (born 1938), American biologist and 1975 Nobel Prize laureate
 John Baltimore (born 1978), American conductor

Music
 Baltimore club, a genre of house and dance music

Sports
 Baltimore Orioles, Major League Baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland
 Baltimore Ravens, American football team based in Baltimore, Maryland
 Baltimore Stallions, former Canadian Football team based in Baltimore, Maryland
 Baltimore Bullets, former name of Washington Wizards, National Basketball Association team

Related pages
The January 2016 United States blizzard was a severe winter weather event. The weather caused multiple states in the Mid-Atlantic to declare a state of emergency. The blizzard happened between January 20 and 25, 2016. 

On January 20–22 the governors of eleven states, plus the mayor of Washington, D.C., declared a state of emergency in expectation of significant snowfall and blizzard conditions. Approximately 85 million people were estimated to be in the storm's path. More than 33 million were under blizzard warnings. Over 10,000 flights were canceled because of the storm.

New York City was put under a travel ban on January 23. A snow emergency was declared for Washington, D.C. just before that.

Two to three feet of snow fell from Virginia to New England. Snow also fell in Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee.

The storm also caused tornadoes and hail from Louisiana to Florida

Thirty people died because of the blizzard.

The storm was also called Winter Storm Jonas by the Weather Channel.

References

Other websites

2016 disasters
2016 in the United States
2016 in weather
Historic blizzards in the United States
January 2016 events
Changchun () is the capital and largest city of the Jilin province of China. The name of the city means "Eternal Spring". In the year 1800, the Jiaqing Emperor set up a trading post in a small village to trade furs and other goods. This village later became Changchun Ting.

In 1898, Changchun got its first train station, which was built by the Russian Empire.

After Japan invaded Manchuria in September 1931, the Japanese established the capital of the newly formed puppet state, Manchukuo, in Changchun. The Japanese renamed the city Shinkyō (kanji: 新京, meaning: New Capital), and it is here where the Japanese established the former Emperor Pu-yi as the Emperor of Manchukuo. During the Japanese occupation, the Japanese built much of the infrastructure that still stands today, including the Manchukuo Imperial Palace, the First Clinical Hospital of Jilin University, the Palace of Geology, and several others.

On August 20, 1945, the Soviet Union's Soviet Red Army entered the city, captured Emperor Pu-yi, and drove the Japanese out. They stayed there until the Kuomintang drove them out in 1946. The KMT held the city until 1948, when it got overwhelmed by the communist PLA in 1948. During the Siege of Changchun, up to 80% of civilians starved to death.

The Chinese took down few of the Japanese buildings because they were already so well-built that the Chinese thought it would be a waste to tear them down. Nonetheless, the tumblers that Starbucks sells in Changchun feature the Changchun Railway Station out of all the other monuments in the city, due to the fact that it itself is not a Japanese-made building.

Changchun is also the heart of China's car-making business.

Cities in China
Capital cities in Asia
In music, a call and response is a series of two parts usually played or sung by different musicians.  The second part is heard as a comment about or an answer to what the first has sung. This mimics or makes fun of how people talk back and forth to each other. Call and response uses the simple musical form of a verse and then a chorus used in many cultures or traditions. These songs are usually energetic and fun to listen to.

Popular music
Call and response singing is common in modern Western popular music. This is because of the influence of African music.  Some cross-over rhythm and blues, jazz, soul, rock 'n' roll and rock music have a call and response style, as well.

One of the best known is the song "Ooh Poo Pah Doo", written and first recorded by Jessie Hill. The song is said to be "a nonsensical yet rollicking call-and-response workout that perfectly captures the energy of French Quarter life", by a reviewer for Allmusic. The song is so popular, it has over 100 cover versions recorded and performed live over the years by other popular musicians.

Other popular examples are The Who's song "My Generation, from the album of the same name", and "Black Dog" by Led Zeppelin.

Folk music
Call and response is common in folk and choral singing of many people, especially in African musical cultures. In the West, it is most often seen in African-American work songs, military marches, and  Québecois folk songs. The style is also used in dance-songs of various European countries including France (particularly Brittany) and the Faroe Islands.

In Cuban music and other latin music genres such as salsa, call and response between the lead singer and the chorus is called coro-pregón.

Example 
A singer makes a musical statement, and then the musical chorus answers together. American bluesman Muddy Waters uses call and response in one of his best known songs, "Mannish Boy". The entire song is almost entirely leader/chorus call and response.

 CALL: Waters' vocal: "Now when I was a young boy"
 RESPONSE: (Harmonica / rhythm section riff)
 CALL: Waters': "At the age of 5"
 RESPONSE: (Harmonica / rhythm section riff)

Related pages 
 Origins of the blues
 Polyrhythm
 Samba
 Afro-Haitian
 Rhythm game

References

Other websites 
 Call and Response:  Phrasing Ideas for Creating Memorable Guitar Solos
Gospel Music History  - Gospel Music Encyclopedia citing the origins of the different types of call and response and different gospel music style

Musical terminology
Music genres
Syed Muhammad Usman Marwandi (1149–1299), better-known as Lal Shahbaz Qalandar , was a Sufi poet from Afghanistan.<ref>Sarah Ansari (1971) Sufi Saints and Pirs of Sindh, 1843–1947. Lahore: Vanguard Books, 1971, p 87, 88, 89</ref>  He belonged to the Suhrawardi order of Sufis. He shifted from Afghanistan and went and settled in Sindh area of India (now in Pakistan).  His shrine in Sehwan Sharif'', Sindh,Pakistan, is still visited by many people.

References

1149 births
1299 deaths
Asian Sufis
Muslims
Poets
The January 2016 East Asia cold wave was a cold weather system that covered East Asia. Eighty-five people from Taiwan died due to the cold temperatures. There were six deaths in Japan from the winter storms. Four people in China died from gas poisoning.

2016 disasters
2016 in Asia
2016 in weather
2010s disasters in Asia
East Asia
January 2016 events
Severe weather
Mass Effect 2 is a video game on the PlayStation 3. It is made by Electronic Arts. It is the sequel to Mass Effect and comes before Mass Effect 3. It is a action role-playing game. It is a third-person shooter game. It was also on Xbox 360.

Gameplay
Save data from the first game can be used to influence choices made in this game.

Reception
The game was critically acclaimed.

Other websites
 

2010 video games
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Electronic Arts video games
Video game sequels
Dragon and Phoenix is the second book in the Dragonlords series written by Joanne Bertin. It is a story of how Linden Rathan and his soultwin, Maurynna Kyrissaean, lead a party to rescue a dragon from the Jehanglan empire.

Fantasy books
Romance novels
1999 books
The Bard's Oath is the third book in the Dragonlords series written by Joanne Bertin. It starts as two stories that merge in the middle of the book. One story is about Raven Redhawkson and why he is at the Balyaranna Fair (a horse festival). The other story is about Bard Leet and his plot for revenge over the death of a family member.

References 

Fantasy books
Romance novels
William Young Smith (August 13, 1925 – January 19, 2016) was an American military official. He was a United States Air Force four-star general. He was Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (COFS SHAPE) from 1979 to 1981 and as Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (DCINCEUR) from 1981 until his retirement from military service in 1983.

Smith died in Falls Church, Virginia from congestive heart failure at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
 William Y. Smith biography 

1925 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
American military people
People from Arkansas
Cecil Edward Parkinson, Baron Parkinson, PC (1 September 1931 – 22 January 2016) was a British Conservative politician and cabinet minister.

Early life
Parkinson was born in Carnforth, Lancashire on 1 September 1931. He studied at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Parkinson married Anne Jarvis in 1957. It would last until his death in 2016.

Career
He entered Parliament in 1970 and was appointed a minister in 1979. In 1983, he became Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, but was forced to resign after revelations that his former secretary, Sara Keays, was pregnant with his child, which she later bore and named Flora Keays.

Parkinson later served as Secretary of State for Energy, and later Transport. He resigned that office in 1990, on the same day that Margaret Thatcher resigned.  He was created Baron Parkinson in 1992 and served in the House of Lords until his retirement in September 2015.

Death
Parkinson died of cancer on 22 January 2016 at the age of 84. He was survived by his wife and four children.

References

Other websites
 Cecil Parkinson's career

1931 births
2016 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British politicians
Civil servants
Deaths from cancer
Former Conservative Party (UK) MPs
People from Lancashire
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
Colin Vearncombe (26 May 1962 − 26 January 2016), known by his stage name Black, was an English singer-songwriter. He started his career in the punk rock music scene and went on to become a pop success in the late 1980s. He was known for the international hit single "Wonderful Life" in 1987. He was born in Liverpool.

Death
On 12 January 2016, he was in a serious car accident in Ireland and placed in a medically-induced coma after sustaining serious head injuries. Vearncombe died from his injuries at the intensive care unit of Cork University Hospital in Cork on 26 January 2016 at the age of 53. Vearncombe was survived by his wife and three children.

References

Other websites
Official site
Single Black Spot 
Colinvearncombe.nl - Fansite 

1962 births
2016 deaths
Road accident deaths
Irish singer-songwriters
Singers from Liverpool
Musicians from Liverpool
Writers from Liverpool
Deaths from head injury
Kalpana Ranjani (13 October 1966 – 25 January 2016), known mononymously as Kalpana, was an Indian actress.  Kalpana has acted in over 300 movies in many South Indian languages. She was born in Kerala, India.

She started off her career as a child artist in the late 1970s. She was known for being in many comedy movies. At the 60th National Film Awards, she won the award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Thanichalla Njan (2012).

Kalpana died of a heart attack in Hyderabad, India on 25 January 2016 at the age of 49.

References

Other websites
 
 En.msidb.org

1966 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Indian movie actors
People from Kerala
The Mexican Cession of 1848 refers to the lands ceded or surrendered to the United States by Mexico at the end of the Mexican–American War. The territory became the states of California, Nevada, Utah and Arizona. It was agreed to in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which formally ended the war (1846–1848) between Mexico and the United States. The treaty was signed on 2 February 1848. The Cession added  of territory to the southwestern United States. It also contributed to the United States emerging as a world power in the late the 19th century.

References 

1840s in Mexico
1840s in the United States
1840s treaties
1848
Forouzan  (; 9 August 1937 – 24 January 2016) was an Iranian actress, producer, and dubbing artist. She started her career by voice dubbing. In 1964 she starred in Siamak Yasemi's "Sahel-e Entezar" but this was "Ganj-e Qarun", another movie by Yasemi that made her very famous. Her career came to an end because of the Iranian revolution of 1979.

Forouzan died in Tehran, Iran on 24 January 2016 at the age of 78.

Forouzan was popular also among the young Persians who were born after 1979 revolution.

References

Other websites
Forouzan in IMDb

1937 births
2016 deaths
Iranian actors
People from Tehran
Sahabzada Yaqub Khan (23 December 1920 – 26 January 2016) was a high-profile Pakistani figure and high-ranking general. He was the most senior figure in military and government assignments in the Pakistan Government. He was born in Rampur, India.

He was an important figure in Pakistan that related to international affairs for thirty years. He served as the foreign minister under President General Zia-ul-Haq from 1982 to 1991 and as the caretaker foreign minister from 1996 to 1997. He also served as the Pakistan Ambassador of the United States serving from 1973 though 1979.

Khan died in Islamabad on 26 January 2016 at the age of 95.

Other websites

Yaqub Khan – the man who reinvented himself by Khaled Ahmed (The Friday Times) 
SYK: The Man With Qualities Short biographical article by S. Abbas Raza
Biographical article by M. Zafar in Defence Journal 
MAJOR-GENERAL SAHABZADA MOHD YAQUB KHAN (PA 136) 

1920 births
2016 deaths
Pakistani politicians
Concepción Picciotto (née Martín January 15, 1936 – January 25, 2016) also known as Conchita or Connie,  was a Spanish-born American peace activist. She lived in Washington, D.C. on the 1600 block of Pennsylvania Avenue, in a peace camp across from the White House. 

She lived in a tent outside from the White House since from August 1, 1981 because of the protest of nuclear arms under the Ronald Reagan presidency until her death in 2016.  She carried on the longest act of political protest in the United States, with her camp having been nicknamed by her supporters as 1601 Pennsylvania Avenue. She was born in Vigo, Spain.

Picciotto died in Washington, D.C. from complications of a fall on January 25, 2016 at the age of 80.

References

Other websites

 Official site
 Interview with Concepcion Picciotto  by DCist
 Washington Post, May 2, 2013 - Connie Picciotto has kept vigil near the White House for 32 years. Why and at what cost?

1935 births
2016 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American activists
Spanish people
People from Washington, D.C.
Richard "Dick" Levins (June 1, 1930 – January 19, 2016) was an American ecologist, a population geneticist, biomathematician, mathematical ecologist, and philosopher of science. He had researched diversity in human populations. Levins was a university professor at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and a long-time political activist. He was best known for his work on evolution and complexity in changing environments and on metapopulations.

Levins died in Cambridge, Massachusetts on January 19, 2016 from heart failure at the age of 85.

References

Other websites

 Prof. Richard Levins, PhD
 Harvard webpage
 In "Living the 11th Thesis" Richard Levins discusses his own biography
 Personal narrative of political activity in Puerto Rico
 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 'Investigator Awards in Health Policy Research' page on Richard Levins 

1930 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American biologists
Educators from New York City
American mathematicians
American philosophers
Ecologists
Scientists from New York City
Kaeng Krachan () is the largest national park of Thailand. It is on the border with Myanmar, and joins with Myanmar's Tanintharyi Nature Reserve. It is popular with tourists, and is near the beach resort of Hua Hin.

The park covers parts of Phetchaburi Province and Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. It contains rainforest on the eastern side of the Tenasserim Mountain Range. The highest elevation is 1,20 m. Two main rivers begin within the park: the Pranburi River and the Phetchaburi River. The Phetchaburi is blocked by the Kaeng Krachan Dam at the eastern border of the park. The dam creates a lake covering an area of 46.5 km2. The dam was built in 1966. There are private plantations within the park.

The park was created on 12 June 1981. It was the 28th national park of Thailand. It originally covered an area of 2,478 km2. It was enlarged in December 1984. In 2005 it was shown to UNESCO for consideration as a World Heritage Site.

The forests contain a great variety of plants and animals. The killing of wild elephants is a big problem at the park. It is difficult to stop poachers.

References

Other websites

National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department 
Wildlife, attractions and maps of Kaeng Krachan National Park

1981 establishments in Asia
National parks in Asia
Geography of Thailand
20th-century establishments in Thailand
Luigi Mastrangelo (born August 17, 1975 in Mottola, Italy) is an Italian men's volleyball player, a member of Italy national volleyball team, silver and bronze medalist of the Olympic Games, multiple winner of the European Championship and World League. He competed in the 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics. He won a bronze medal in the 2000 and 2012 Games. He won a silver medal in the 2004 Games.

References

 NBC Olympics profile 
 Sports reference profile 

1975 births
Living people
2008 Summer Olympics
Italian Olympic silver medalists
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists
People from Apulia
Italian volleyball players
Ivan Zaytsev (born in Spoleto, Italy, 2 October 1988) is an Italian volleyball player. His parents originally come from Russia. He is a member of Italy's national volleyball team and the Italian club Sir Safety Umbria Volley.

Career 
Zaytsev won a bronze medal at the Olympic Games in London in 2012. He won a silver medal at the European Championship (2011, 2013), and bronze medal at the World League (2013, 2014). He won the Italian Championship in 2014.

Other websites

 Highlights  (movie)
 LegaVolley Serie A profile player 

1988 births
Living people
Italian volleyball players
Olympic bronze medalists
An ophiolite is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed above sea level. The rocks which make up ophiolites are an altered form of basalt. The rocks are often green.

They are found in the mountain belts such as the Alps or the Himalayas. They show where former ocean basins were consumed by subduction. This was one of the discoveries of plate tectonics. Ophiolites have always played a central role in plate tectonic theory and the interpretation of ancient mountain belts.

Stratigraphy and definition

The stratigraphic sequence seen in ophiolites is caused by lithosphere-forming processes at mid-oceanic ridges:

 Sediments: muds (black shale) and cherts deposited after the crust formed.
 Extrusive sequence: basalt "pillow lavas" show magma/seawater contact.
 Vertical, parallel dikes fed lavas above.
 Gabbros from minerals settling from a magma chamber.
 Peridotite: mantle rock minerals, heated and pressured in orogeny (mountain-building).

Notable ophiolites
In the California Coast Ranges, from Santa Barbara through San Francisco Counties, California.
In Oman and the United Arab Emirates, widely considered one of the best exposed ophiolite sequences
 Macquarie Island, Tasmania, Australia was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997, as the only known example of an ophiolite complex in the process of being formed and currently in its original geological setting.
 In Gros Morne National Park, Newfoundland, named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987 because of its superbly exposed complete ophiolite stratigraphic sequence

References 

Igneous rocks
Plate tectonics
Maxim Mikhaylov (born 19 March 1988) is a Russian volleyball player. He is a member of Russia men's national volleyball team. He also plays for the Russian club Zenit-Kazan. Mikhaylov was a gold medalist in the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was a bronze medalist of the 2008 Summer Olympics. Mikhaylov won a gold medal in the 2011 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup. He has won several medals in the Volleyball World League.

References

Other websites

 Player's Biography

Russian volleyball players
1988 births
Living people
Olympic gold medalists
Olympic bronze medalists
Yekaterina Aleksandrovna Gamova (; born 17 October 1980) is a Russian volleyball player. She was a member of the Russian team that won the gold medals at the FIVB Volleyball World Championships in 2006 and 2010. She was also a member of the Russian team that won silver medals in both the Athens 2004 and Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Gamova is  tall with an EU shoe size of 49. This makes her one of the tallest female athletes in the world.  Her role is outside hitter/opposite.

References

Other websites

 FIVB Profile
 Fenerbahce Acibadem Women's Volleyball Team
 Uralochka VC profile 
 Gamova's photos

Russian volleyball players
1980 births
Living people
Olympic silver medalists
Flight of the Navigator is a science fiction movie from 1986. It was directed by Randal Kleiser and written by Mark H. Baker and Michael Burton. It is about David Freeman, a 12-year-old boy who is taken by an alien spaceship and finds himself caught in a world that has changed around him.

The producers of the movie at first sent it to Walt Disney Pictures in 1984. However, the studio was not able to approve it. It was sent to Producers Sales Organization. That studio made a deal with Disney to distribute the movie in the United States. The movie was partially filmed in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and Norway. It was a co-production with the Norwegian company Viking Film.

Cast
 Joey Cramer as David Freeman
 Paul Reubens (credited as "Paul Mall") as the voice of Max
 Cliff DeYoung as Bill Freeman
 Veronica Cartwright as Helen Freeman
 Matt Adler as Jeff Freeman
Albie Whitaker plays eight-year-old Jeff Freeman
 Sarah Jessica Parker as Carolyn McAdams
 Howard Hesseman as Dr. Louis Faraday
 Robert Small as Troy
 Jonathan Sanger as Dr. Carr
 Richard Liberty as Larry Howard
 Iris Acker as Janet Howard
 Raymond Forchion as Detective Banks
 Keri Rogers as Jennifer Bradley

Production
The Trimaxion Drone Ship was rendered in CGI by Omnibus Computer Animation, under the supervision of Jeff Kleiser, the brother of director Randal Kleiser.

Soundtrack
The music score for the movie was composed by Alan Silvestri. It is different from his other scores because it was completely electronically generated, using the Synclavier, one of the first digital multi-track recorders and samplers.

 Theme from "Flight of the Navigator"
 "Main Title"
 "The Ship Beckons"
 "David in the Woods"
 "Robot Romp"
 "Transporting the Ship"
 "Ship Drop"
 "Have to Help a Friend"
 "The Shadow Universe"
 "Flight"
 "Finale"
 "Star Dancing"

Notes

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 
 

1986 science fiction movies
1980s fantasy movies
American science fiction movies
American fantasy movies
Movies set in Miami, Florida
Time travel movies
Disney movies
Movies directed by Randal Kleiser
Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the virus family Flaviviridae and the genus Flavivirus.  It is spread by mosquitoes from the genus Aedes, which are active during the daytime. 

Zika virus is named after Uganda's Zika Forest, where the virus was discovered in 1947.

Zika virus can cause an infectious disease called Zika fever.  Zika fever often causes no symptoms, or only mild symptoms. Scientists know that people in Africa and Asia have been getting Zika fever since the 1950s.  In 2014, the virus spread eastward across the Pacific Ocean - first to French Polynesia, then to Easter Island.  Finally, in 2015, it spread to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America.  In these places, Zika virus has become a pandemic.

Background
Zika virus is related to West Nile virus and the viruses that cause dengue fever, yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis.  Zika virus causes an illness that is like a mild form of dengue fever.  It is treated by rest.  As of 2016, there is no medication or vaccine that can prevent the Zika virus. 

Pregnant women who get the Zika virus can spread the virus to their fetuses.  When they are born, these newborns may be more likely to have microcephaly.  In places where the Zika virus lives, people are more likely to have birth defects, neurological problems like Guillain-Barré syndrome, and autoimmune diseases.

2016 outbreak
In January 2016, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published advice for how to avoid getting Zika fever.  They suggested that when traveling to places where Zika virus lives:
 Travelers should use "enhanced precautions," meaning they should be as careful as possible to avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes
 Pregnant women should think about not traveling to these areas

Other governments or health agencies soon issued similar travel warnings.  Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Jamaica advised women not to get pregnant until scientists know more about the risks of Zika virus to pregnant women. 

On February 2, 2016, public health officials in Dallas County, Texas, reported the first case of somebody getting Zika virus in the United States.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Zika Virus – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
 Flaviviridae Genomes  database search results from the Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center
 Viralzone: Flaviviridae
 Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Flaviviridae 
 World Health Organization Zika Virus Fact Sheet

Viruses
Fremont County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. In the 2010 census, 40,123 people lived there.  Its capital is Lander. The county was formed in 1884. It is named for John C. Frémont, a general, explorer, and politician. It is about the size of the state of Vermont.

Fremont County includes the Riverton, Wyoming Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Communities

Cities 
Lander (county seat)
Riverton

Towns 
Dubois
Hudson
Pavillion
Shoshoni

Census-designated places 

Arapahoe
Atlantic City
Boulder Flats
Crowheart
Ethete
Fort Washakie
Jeffrey City
Johnstown

Unincorporated communities
Kinnear
Kotey Place
Lysite
Miner's Delight
St. Stephens
South Pass City

References

Other websites

 

 
1884 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Wyoming Territory
Atlantic City may refer to:

Places
Atlantic City, New Jersey, a city in New Jersey, United States
Atlantic City, Wyoming, a census-designated place in Wyoming, United States

Entertainment
Atlantic City (1944 movie), a musical movie
Atlantic City (1980 movie), a drama movie
"Atlantic City" (song), a 1982 song by Bruce Springsteen
"Atlantic City" (How I Met Your Mother), a 2006 episode of the TV series How I Met Your Mother
The Third Amendment (Amendment III) to the United States Constitution places restrictions on the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent. It forbids the practice completely during peacetime. The amendment is a response to the Quartering Acts passed by the British parliament between the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War. They allowed the British Army to house soldiers in private homes in the American colonies.

The Third Amendment was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison. It was a part of the United States Bill of Rights in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution. Congress proposed the amendment to the states on September 28, 1789. By December 15, 1791, the necessary three-quarters of the states had ratified it. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson announced the adoption of the amendment on March 1, 1792.

The amendment is one of the least controversial of the Constitution and is rarely litigated. The American Bar Association called it the "runt piglet" of the U.S. Constitution. There were times when the US government probably violated this amendment. These include the War of 1812, the American Civil War, and during World War II in the Aleutian Islands. But as of 2015 it has never been the primary basis of a Supreme Court decision.

References

Other websites 
 National Constitution Center: Amendment III
 CRS Annotated Constitution: Third Amendment
03
United States Bill of Rights
Boston King from ( 1760–1802) was a former Afro-American slave and British loyalist. He was born a slave in South Carolina and was apprenticed as a carpenter.  He joined the British when they occupied Charleston, as they promised freedom to slaves. Later, he gained his freedom from the British and settled in Nova Scotia after the American Revolutionary War. He later emigrated to Sierra Leone, where he helped found Freetown. King became the first Methodist missionary in Africa. King published his autobiography in 1798. He died about 1802 in Sierra Leone.

References 

1760 births
1802 deaths
African American writers
American autobiographers
American Methodists
American revolutionaries
Carpenters
Missionaries
Sierra Leone
Writers from South Carolina
The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires any search warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause. It is part of the Bill of Rights. The Fourth amendment was adopted in response to the abuse of the writ of assistance, a type of general search warrant issued by the British government. It was a major source of tension in pre-Revolutionary America. The Fourth Amendment was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison, along with the other amendments in the Bill of Rights. They were proposed in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution. 

Congress sent 12 amendments to the states in August of 1789. Of these, 10 were approved by the states. The last state, Virginia ratified the amendments (including the fourth amendment) on December 15, 1791. On March 1, 1792, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson announced the adoption of the amendment.

The Bill of Rights did initially apply to the states. Also, federal criminal investigations were less common in the first century of the nation's history. For these reasons there is little case law for the Fourth Amendment before the 20th century. The amendment was held to apply to the states in Mapp v. Ohio (1961).

Under the Fourth Amendment, search and seizure (including arrest) should be limited in scope to specific information supplied to the issuing court. This is usually by a law enforcement officer who has sworn by it. Fourth Amendment case law deals with three central questions. What government activities constitute "search" and "seizure"? What constitutes probable cause for these actions? How should violations of Fourth Amendment rights be addressed? Early court decisions limited the amendment's scope to a law enforcement officer's physical intrusion onto private property. But with Katz v. United States (1967), the Supreme Court held that its protections, such as the warrant requirement, extend to the privacy of individuals as well as physical locations. Law enforcement officers need a warrant for most search and seizure activities. But the Court has defined a series of exceptions for consent searches, motor vehicle searches, evidence in plain view, exigent circumstances, border searches, and other situations.

The exclusionary rule is one way the amendment is enforced. Established in Weeks v. United States (1914), this rule holds that evidence obtained through a Fourth Amendment violation is generally inadmissible at criminal trials. Evidence discovered as a later result of an illegal search may also be inadmissible as "fruit of the poisonous tree," unless it inevitably would have been discovered by legal means.

References 

United States Bill of Rights
04
Royalty is the seventh studio album by American recording artist Chris Brown. It was released on December 18, 2015, by RCA Records. The album serves as the follow-up to his sixth album X (2014).

The album was dedicated to the daughter of Chris Brown, Royalty Brown.

Track listing

Sample credits
"Picture Me Rollin’" contains elements of "Regulate" performed by Nate Dogg featuring Warren G, and "Funk You Up" performed by The Sequence.
"Who's Gonna (Nobody)" contains elements of "Nobody" performed by Keith Sweat featuring Athena Cage, and "My, My, My" performed by Johnny Gill.
"Proof" contains elements of "My Heart Belongs to U" performed by Jodeci.
"Discover" contains elements of "Little City Slikers" performed by Auracle.

Charts

References

2015 albums
R&B albums
Funk albums
Sick leave (or paid sick days or sick pay) is time off from work that workers can use to stay home because they are sick and they do not lose pay. Paid sick leave is a requirement in many nations around the world. Most European, many Latin American, a few African and a few Asian countries have legal requirements for paid sick leave. Already in 1500 BCE, at least some of the workers who built the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs received paid sick leave as well as state-supported health care.

References

Employment
Annual leave is paid time off work given by employers to employees to be used for whatever the employee wishes. Depending on the employer's policies, there are different number of days off given. It is thought to be a benefit for the employees. Some employees must tell their boss a few days before they go on leave. Most countries around the world have labor laws that mandate employers give a certain number of paid time-off days per year to workers.

References

Employment
The Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (; CNAM) is a graduate engineering school in Paris, France. It was created in 1794.

Its different programs lead to the following French and European degrees:
 Ingénieur CNAM (CNAM Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Master of Science & PhD doctorate studies
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS)
 Massive Online Open Courses

Classes and research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen nationalities participate in the different programs at CNAM.

References

Other websites 

Official website (in French)
Official website (in English)
Official website CNAM lebanon (in French)

Technical colleges and universities in Paris
1794 establishments
1790s establishments in France
Marasmus is a form of malnutrition.  It happens in people (especially children) who do not get enough food.  A healthy person gets energy from eating food, especially foods with protein and fat in them.  Because a person with marasmus is not getting enough food, they do not get the energy they need to survive. This is due to deficiency of both proteins and calories. Generally, this disease when there is an immediate second pregnancy or repeated child births. Lean and weak, swelling limbs, less developed muscles, dry skin, diarrhoea, etc.., are the symptoms of this disease.

Children with marasmus look emaciated (very skinny).  This is because their bodies have burned up all of their fat and muscles to make energy.  The child's body weight will be less than 60% of a normal child his or her age.

Marasmus can be treated.  However, about half of children with bad malnutrition die because they cannot get treatment where they live.

The word “marasmus” comes from the Greek word μαρασμός marasmos (meaning "decay '')

Signs and symptoms
Most children with marasmus look shrunken and have lost most of their muscles and body fat.  Their bodies try to save as much energy as possible by shutting down the immune system, not growing, and giving less energy to the liver, kidneys, heart, and gastrointestinal system.  This can cause problems like:
 Having too much fluid in the body, because the kidneys are not working well enough to get rid of it.  This can lead toedema (fluid under the skin) and even heart failure.
 Hypothermia (low body temperature), because staying warm takes energy, and because the child has almost no fat or muscles to keep them warm
 Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), because the child is not getting sugar or carbohydrates from foods
 Infection, because the child's body has shut down the immune system, which usually fights infection, to save energy

Other symptoms of marasmus include:
 Anemia (not having enough red blood cells in the blood)
 Dehydration, not having enough water in the body
 Shock caused by dehydration (hypovolemic shock)
 Tachypnea (breathing too fast - for example, from pneumonia or heart failure)

 Eye problems
 Skin problems
 Problems with the ears, nose, and throat (like ear infections)

Causes
Marasmus is caused by a deficiency (not having enough) of nearly all nutrients, especially protein, carbohydrates, and lipids (fats).

Treatment
Marasmus can be treated by giving emergency nutrients and fluids.  However, treating the causes of marasmus is not enough.  Often, the disease has complications (it causes other problems), like infections, dehydration, and problems with the circulatory system.  These complications are very dangerous and often kill children if they are not treated correctly.

Related pages
 Malnutrition
 Starvation
 Kwashiorkor (a similar disease caused by not having enough protein)

References

Diseases
Brindisi is an Italian city in Apulia. Brindisi is the capital of the Province of Brindisi. It has about 85,000 people.

Cities in Apulia
Capital cities in Italy
Zināʾ (زِنَاء) or zina (زِنًى or زِنًا) is an Islamic law concerning unlawful sexual relations between male and female who are not married to one another through a nikah.  It includes extramarital sex and premarital sex. It also includes adultery (consensual sexual relations outside marriage). Zina covers fornication (consensual sexual intercourse between two unmarried persons), and homosexuality (consensual sexual relations between same-sex partners).

In the four schools of Sunni fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and the two schools of Shi'a fiqh, the term zināʾ is a sin of sexual intercourse that is not allowed by Sharia (Islamic law) and classed as a hudud crime (class of Islamic punishments that are fixed for certain crimes that are considered to be "claims of God").  To prove an act of zina, a qadi (religious judge) in a sharia court relies on an unmarried woman's pregnancy, the confession in the name of Allah, or four witnesses to the actual act of penetration. The last two types of prosecutions are uncommon. Most cases of zina in the history of Islam have been pregnant unmarried women. In some schools of Islamic law, a pregnant woman accused of zina who denies sex was consensual must prove she was raped with four eyewitnesses testifying before the court.  This has led to many cases where rape victims have been punished for zina.  Pressing charges of zina without required eyewitnesses is considered slander (Qadhf, القذف) in Islam, itself a hudud crime.

The above sense of zina is not to be confused with the woman's name Zina or Zeina (زينة). The name has a different linguistic root (Greek xen-). It also has a different meaning ("guest, stranger"), is pronounced differently (either Zīnah or Zaynah), and is usually spelled differently.

References 

Islamic culture
Sexuality
École Polytechnique (EP or "l'X") is the best-kown engineering school in France. It is in a campus of Palaiseau (Northern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur Polytechnicien (Polytechnique Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Master of Science & PhD doctorate studies
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS)
 Massive Online Open Courses.

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed  in French and English languages. Students from a lot of nationalities participate to the different curricula at École Polytechnique.

Notable Graduates 

 Caroline Aigle, French fighter jet pilot
 Paul-Louis Arslanian, Former head of Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile
 Michel Bernard, French public servant
 Augustin-Louis Cauchy, French mathematiker
 Yves Carcelle, French businessman
 Auguste Comte, French thinker
 Philippe Crébassa, French public servant
 Jacques Friedel, French physicist, educator and material scientist
 Carlos Ghosn, French-Lebanese businessman
 Patrick Ky, French Manager
 Joseph-Louis Lagrange, mathematician and astronomer
 Yves Lambert, French aerospace engineer
 Edmond Malinvaud, French economist
 Gérard Mestrallet, CEO of GDF Suez
 Guy du Merle, French aerospace engineer, pilot and writer
 Louis Pailhas, French politician and aerospace engineer
 Yves Poilane, French manager
 Siméon Denis Poisson,  French mathematician and physicist
 Jean Robieux, French Physicist
 Gérard Rozenknop, French aerospace engineer
 Jean-Paul Troadec, French aerospace engineer
 Jacques Villiers, French aerospace engineer and public servant
 Michel Wachenheim, French ambassador
 Farid Zizi, French aerospace engineer

References

Further reading 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in France
1794 establishments
Paris
1790s establishments in France