cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Michelle Nicole Creber (born September 7, 1999) is a Canadian teen actress, singer, dancer, musician, song-writer and voice actress who is best known for voicing Apple Bloom, as well as the singing voice for Sweetie Belle in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic. She released her first solo album titled Timeless: Songs of a Century on August 28, 2012. The album features popular musicians from the brony community. She also hosts her own Internet radio show called Saturday Night Songs, on the brony media network "Everfree Network".

References

Other websites
 Official website
 Michelle Creber at the Internet Movie Database

1999 births
Living people
Canadian voice actors
Canadian singers
Actors from Vancouver
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian writers
Child actors
Dancers
Musicians from Vancouver
This is a page list of records and statistics of the Bangladesh Cricket Team.

Tests 
Bangladesh played their first test match on 10 November 2000. It was against India. The records in test matches for Bangladesh are written in this section.

Batting Records 

|}

Hundreds aren't shown here because almost ten players have one.

 ^= This is the Highest Partnership for Bangladesh for any wickets in Test Cricket.

Bowlings Records 

As total 6 Players in Bangladesh National Cricket Team got 5 wickets 1 time so in this list those are not counted.

Only Enamul Haque Jr got a 10 wicket in a match and that is the one and only 10 wicket figure in a match.

One Day Internationals 
Bangladesh played their 1st One-Day International against a full member of ICC (Pakistan) on 31 March 1986. The records in One Day Internationals are written here.

Batting Records 
Full Table at ESPNcricinfo
 ^= This the Highest Partnership for Bangladesh for any wickets in One-Day Internationals.

References

Other websites 
 ESPNcricinfo

Cricket in Bangladesh
Shakib Al Hasan () বাংলাদেশের জান বাংলাদেশের প্রাণ(born 24 March 1987) is a Bangladeshi international cricketer. He is an all-rounder. He bats left-handed in the middle order. He is a slow left-arm orthodox bowler. He played for Bangladesh at under-19 level, at Youth level at 2005-2006. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut against Zimbabwe in August 2006. He made his test debut the May 2007 against India.

Shakib Al Hasan is also a businessman. His company name is Fiesta Event Management Limited.

References

Other websites
 Shakib Al Hasan from ESPNcricinfo
 Shakib Al Hasan from CricketArchive

1987 births
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
Living people
Tamim Iqbal Khan () (born  20 March 1989) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. Tamim made his One Day International and Test debut at 2007. He is left-handed opening batsman.

References 

1989 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
Mashrafe Bin Mortaza () (born 5 October 1983 in Narail District, Jessore) is a Bangladeshi cricketer and politician. He made his test dubut in the national side in late 2001 against Zimbabwe without playing a One Day International. Mortaza captained his country in one Test and seven One Day Internationals (ODIs) between 2009 and 2010. He is the captain of Dhaka Gladiators.

Personal life
Mortaza was born in the Narail District of Bangladesh. He completed his Secondary School Certificate (SSC) from Narail Government High School in 2001 and Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSC) from Narail Victoria College in 2003. Then he got himself admitted into Department of Philosophy at the Jahangirnagar University in 2003-04 for his bachelor's degree.  

Mortaza married Sumona Haque Sumi in 2006. Both they have a son and daughter.

Reference

Other websites
 Mashrafe Mortaza from ESPNcricinfo
 Mashrafe Mortaza from CricketArchive
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeLJmMggYpg

1983 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
Mohammad Ashraful () (born 7 July 1984) is a Bangladeshi international cricket player. He was the captain of national side during 2008-2010. Ashraful captained his country in 13 Tests. But lost in 12 and one ended draw. He also captained 38 One Day Internationals (ODIs) of which Bangladesh won eight. Ashraful scored the fastest fifty in the test among any batsman of the world, also scored the fastest fifty in the ODI and twenty20 international comparing any Bangladeshi batsman. He is the youngest test centurion.

Reference

1984 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
People from Dhaka
Marianne Evelyn Gabriel Faithfull (born 29 December 1946) is an English singer and actress who has had many hit songs, solo and with other singers. Her singing career began around 1964. Faithfull was born in Hampstead, London, and is of Austrian ancestry.

In 2006, Faithfull was diagnosed with breast cancer. She had surgery later the same year and has recovered. In 2007, she said she was diagnosed with hepatitis C in 1995. In April 2020, during the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, it was reported that Faithfull was being treated in hospital for COVID-19.

References

Other websites 

Actors from London
Breast cancer survivors
English movie actors
English television actors

Singers from London
1946 births
Living people
Matlock is an American television drama crime/mystery show. It starred Andy Griffith as defense attorney Ben Matlock. The show was broadcast on ABC and on NBC. The show was set in Atlanta, Georgia. It ran from September 1986 through May 1995. The show had 9 seasons and 195 episodes. The show had several spin-offs such as Jake and the Fatman and Diagnosis: Murder.

Other websites
 Andy Griffith as Ben Matlock An unofficial Matlock website
 Ben Matlock at TV Acres  A page dedicated to Ben Matlock, including notable case synopses and list of Simpsons quotes.

1986 American television series debuts
1995 American television series endings
ABC network shows
American crime drama television series
Atlanta, Georgia in fiction
Legal television series
Mystery television series
NBC network shows
English-language television programs
Peter Abraham Haskell (October 15, 1934 – April 12, 2010) was an American actor. He was mostly known for guest-starring in many famous shows such as Columbo, Matlock, Barnaby Jones, Frasier, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Medical Center, and in Dr. Kildare.

Haskell was born on October 15, 1934 in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Buckingham Browne & Nichols and at Harvard University. Haskell was married to Annie Compton from 1960 until they divorced in 1974. Then he was married to Dianne Tolmich from 1974 until his death in 2010. He had two children, a daughter and son. Haskell died on April 12, 2010 from unknown causes in Northridge, California, aged 75.

References

Other websites
 

1934 births
2010 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American television personalities
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
The humoral immune system is a part of the immune system which defends the body against invading organisms and other foreign material.

The humeral part is done by macromolecules outside the cells. These may be secreted antibodies, complement proteins, or certain antimicrobial peptides. Their job is to attack bacteria (and other foreign substances) which are loose in the blood stream or other fluids. In older medicine, these fluids were called "humors". Both the more primitive innate immune system, and the later acquired or adaptive immune system of vertebrates, have humoral components.

The humoral immune system contrasts with the cell-mediated immunity. That  involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.

How the humoral system works 
The main cells that make it work are the B cells, which create and secrete antibodies that seek out the invaders and attach to them.  Once the invader is coated in antibodies, this targets the invader for destruction by other parts of the immune system.  Before the B cell can create antibodies, it first needs T helper cells to 'teach' the B cell about details of the incoming invader. This is a key part of the adaptive immune system, and the reference attached here summarizes the process.

The production of antibodies tailor-made to combat particular bacteria is the most important element, but there are a number of other humeral defenses from the more primitive innate immune system.

References 

Immunology
Andrew Shaw (born July 20, 1991 in Belleville, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player that currently plays for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). 

He began his hockey career with the Niagara IceDogs of the OHL and played for them for 2 seasons. He also played for the Owen Sound Attack for 1 season. He entered the draft on 2011 and he was drafted with the 139th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. 

He was assigned to the Rockford IceHogs, the farm team of the Blackhawks. He was called up to the Blackhawks during the 2011-12 NHL season. On January 5, 2012, he got in his first-ever NHL fight on the second shift of his first NHL game. He returned to the game after receiving stitches and score the first goal of his NHL career on his first shot of his first game against Ilya Bryzgalov of the Philadelphia Flyers. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

References

Other websites 

1991 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Montreal Canadiens players
Living people
Stanley Cup champions
Moore's law is that the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles about every two years.  Intel executive David House said the period was "18 months".  He predicted that period for a doubling in chip performance: a combination of the effect of more transistors and their being faster. 

The law is named after Intel co-founder Gordon Moore, who described the trend in his 1965 paper.
The paper stated that the number of components in integrated circuits had doubled every year from the invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 until 1965 and predicted that the trend would continue "for at least ten years". His prediction has proved very accurate. The law is used in the semiconductor industry to guide long-term planning and to set targets for research and development.

The capabilities of many digital electronic devices are strongly linked to Moore's law: processing speed, memory capacity, sensors and even the number and size of pixels in digital cameras. All of these are improving at (roughly) exponential rates as well.

This exponential improvement has greatly increased the effect of digital electronics in the world economy. Moore's law describes a driving force of technological and social change in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

This trend has continued for more than half a century. Intel stated in 2015 that the pace of advancement has slowed. Brian Krzanich, CEO of Intel, announced that "our cadence today is closer to two and a half years than two".

References 

Computing
Shahriar Nafees Ahmed () (born 25 January 1986) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is a left-handed opening batsman. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut for Bangladesh in 2005. The opposition team was England. In 2005 he played his first Test.

1986 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
People from Dhaka
Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahim () (born 1 September 1988) is a Bangladeshi cricketer and the captain of his national team. He made his Test debut in 2005, at the age of 16. Rahim trained at the Bangladesh Institute of Sports. At the next year he made his ODI debut. At the end of 2011 he was given the captain of his national side.

References

Other websites
 Mushfiqur Rahim from ESPNcricinfo
 Mushfiqur Rahim from CricketArchive

1988 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
Qazi Habibul Bashar () (born August 17, 1972) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He was the former captain of Bangladesh national cricket team. He captained Bangladesh at 2007 ICC World Cup. The first test victory came under his captaincy against Zimbabwe. He is the most successful captain in Bangladesh cricket's history. Under his captaincy, Bangladesh have beaten Australia, India, South Africa and Sri Lanka in limited overs matches. He is currently one of the chief selectors of BCB

Early career
In 1989 Bashar played for the Bangladesh Under-19 team in the U-19 Asia Cup. In 1990s he played his domestic cricket for Biman Bangladesh Airlines. He made his ODI debut at the 1995 Asia Cup against Sri Lanka. He missed the 1997 ICC Trophy. He also missed the 1999 World Cup.

Career milestones

Tests
Test Debut: vs India, Bangabandhu, 2000
 He made his highest score of 113 in Test cricket against West Indies, 2004

ODIs
ODI Debut: vs Sri Lanka, Sharjah, 1995
 He made his highest score of 78 in ODI cricket against Zimbabwe, 2007

Reference

Other websites
 Player Profile from Cricinfo
 Player Profile from CricketArchive
 Player Profile from Banglacricket 
 Bangladesh Test batting averages from Cricinfo

1972 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
Mohammed Rafique () (born September 5, 1970) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He was the leading wicket-taker for Bangladesh in Test matches.

1970 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
People from Dhaka
Mohammad Javed Omar Belim (born November 25, 1976) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He has played Tests and ODI cricket since 2005.

1976 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
People from Dhaka
Khaled Mashud () (born February 8, 1976 in Rajshahi) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He was a wicketkeeper, also a middle order batsman. He was a regular member of the national team between 1995-2007. Former Bangladeshi coach Dav Whatmore said that Khaled Mashud was the best wicket-keeper in Asia.

Reference

1976 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the international governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909. It was renamed International Cricket Conference at 1965. It was renamed International Cricket Council in 1989.

The ICC has 105 members, 12 Full Members (who play tests) and 93 Associate Members. The membership had been divided into Full, Associate, and Affiliate Members, but the Affiliate category was removed in June 2017, with all Affiliate Members becoming Associate Members.

Members

Full Members
12 countries are full members of the ICC. These are:

Associate Members
103 nations are Associate members:

References

Cricket
International organizations
Sport in the United Arab Emirates
Sports organizations
1909 establishments
The cricket teams of Bangladesh and South Africa have played against each other in ODIs since 2003. They have met on 14 occasions. South Africa is most successful with 13 victories, Bangladesh have won in only 1 game.

Summary of results

Related pages 
Bangladesh national cricket team
South Africa national cricket team

References

Other websites 
ESPNcricinfo

Cricket lists
Cricket in Bangladesh
Sport in South Africa
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak  (30 May 1960) was a Russian poet, novelist, and literary translator.  His parents were Jewish Ukrainians.  In his native Russia, Pasternak's anthology My Sister, Life, is one of the most influential collections ever published in the Russian language.  Furthermore, Pasternak's translations of plays by Goethe, Schiller and Shakespeare are deeply popular with Russian audiences.

Outside Russia, Pasternak is best known as the author of Doctor Zhivago, a novel which takes place between the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the Second World War.  Due to its independent minded stance on the socialist state, Doctor Zhivago was refused publication in the USSR.  The typescript of Doctor Zhivago was smuggled out of the country to Milan and published in 1957. 

Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature the following year, an event which humiliated and enraged the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In the midst of a massive campaign against him by the CPSU and the Union of Soviet Writers, Pasternak reluctantly agreed to decline the prize. In his letter to the Nobel Committee, Pasternak stated the reaction of the Soviet State was the only reason for his decision. He is still listed as the winner for that year.

By the time of his death from lung cancer in 1960, the campaign against Pasternak had damaged the international credibility of the U.S.S.R. He is still a major figure in Russian literature. Furthermore, the samizdat methods were later continued, expanded, and refined by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and other Soviet dissidents.

Books by Pasternak

Poetry collections
Twin in the Clouds (1914)
Over the Barriers (1916)
Themes and Variations (1917)
My Sister, Life (1922)
On Early Trains (1944)
Selected Poems (1946)
Poems (1954)
When the Weather Clears (1959)
In The Interlude: Poems 1945–1960 (1962)

Books of prose
Safe Conduct (1931)
Second Birth (1932)
The Last Summer (1934)
Childhood (1941)
Selected Writings (1949)
Collected Works (1945)
Goethe's Faust (1952)
Essay in Autobiography (1956)
Doctor Zhivago (1957)

Further reading 
Boris Pasternak 1957. Doctor Zhivago. Pantheon Books
Boris Pasternak 1959. I Remember: sketches for an autobiography. Pantheon Books.
Boris Pasternak 1967. Sister, my life: Summer 1917. transl. C. Flayderman. Washington Square Press.
Boris Pasternak 1976. My sister, life and other poems. Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich. ISBN  0-15-163964-7
Olga Ivinskaya 1978. A captive of time; my years with Pasternak. Doubleday.

Related pages
List of Russian language poets
List of Russian novelists

References 

1890 births
1960 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Disease-related deaths in the Soviet Union
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Jewish writers
Russian Jews
Russian Nobel Prize winners
Russian novelists
Russian poets
Soviet Jews
Soviet writers
Russian translators
Writers from Moscow
Marivan Hashiye (, )  is a city in the Kurdistan Province of Iran, in Iranian Kurdistan. Its population was 111,031 (in 2005). The city is located near the border of Iran and Iraq.

"Lake Zarivar" is located to the west of Marivan. It has a length of 5 kilometres and a width of 1.6 kilometres. The water of the lake is fresh and has a depth of 6 metres.
Marivans people are mostly Kurds and followers of Islam.

Mariwan is famous for its two boulevards, Falakay Penjwen and Falakay Halabja.

References

Other websites 
 Government of Marivan 

Cities in Iran
Kurdistan Province
Nyan Cat is a moving image on the internet which became famous. It has a cat with a Pop-Tart (a type of food) for a body flying through space, with a colourful rainbow behind it. There is also a song that you can hear when watching the moving image. Nyan Cat was the 5th most watched video on YouTube, the place that has the video, in the year 2011.

Origin

Animated GIF
On April 2, 2011, a person named Christopher Torres put the moving picture, without the song, on his place in the internet. The place is called LOL-comics, and the picture is still there. Torres was making pictures, and two different people wanted him to make a cat and a piece of food. He combined the two to make a picture, and then made it a moving picture a few days later.

The Song
The song was made using Hatsune Miku from Vocaloid in Japan and put onto the internet.

YouTube video
A YouTube user called "saraj00n"  put the moving picture together with the song and put it onto the internet on April 5, 2011. saraj00n called it "Nyan Cat". Torres wanted the cat to be called "Pop Tart Cat", but because of saraj00n now it's called "Nyan Cat".

Popularity
The original moving picture that saraj00n put onto the internet was seen 90,000,000 times . It's very well known, so other people made their own Nyan Cats. People made songs for their phones, pictures for computers, and progress bars. There are also things for iPhones, Android phones,  Windows Phones, and HP webOS.
There is also a game about Nyan Cat called "Nyan Cat Adventure".
Nyan Cat was in ninth place in a contest for best moving picture on the internet in 2011 by Business Insider.

References

Other websites
 The first Nyan Cat moving picture on YouTube by saraj00n, April 5, 2011.
 Nyan Cat's place on the internet

Internet memes
YouTube
Sanandaj (, ) is the capital city of Kurdistan Province of Iran, in Iranian Kurdistan. Its population was 311,446, in 81,380 families (at 2006). Its population is mostly Kurds and followers of Islam.

References 

Cities in Iran
Kurdistan Province
Susanna Hoffs (born 17 January 1959) is an American guitarist, vocalist and actress who has had many hit singles with the group The Bangles. Her hits included Manic Monday and Walk Like an Egyptian. She and the group disbanded in 1990, although the Bangles regrouped nine years later. She also had some solo hit songs during her career. She was born near Los Angeles.

Singers from California
American movie actors
1959 births
Living people
Ingrid Ellen Michaelson (born December 8, 1979, New York City) is an American musician. She has had five studio albums since 2005. She has not been signed to any major record labels. Her music has been used in several television programs, including The Vampire Diaries and Scrubs. Michaelson performed with singer Sara Bareilles on the hit single Winter Song.

Singers from New York
1979 births
Living people
Roland Frederick "Bob" Godfrey (May 27, 1921 – February 21, 2013) was an English Academy Award-winning animator. He won the Academy Award and the BAFTA Award for his animated short movie Great in 1975.

Godfrey was born on May 27, 1921 in West Maitland, New South Wales, Australia to British parents. He was raised in Ilford, Essex. Godfrey studied at Leyton Art School. He was never married. Godfrey died on February 21, 2013 in England from natural causes, aged 91.

References

Other websites
 Bob Godfrey at Internet Movie Database
 Bob Godfrey Films Website of The Bob Godfrey Collection 
 Animation Research Centre archive of Bob Godfrey's films and artwork
 Remembering Bob Godfrey at FLIP Animation Magazine Retrieved February 2013

1921 births
2013 deaths
Academy Award winners
Animators
Artists from New South Wales
BAFTA Award winners
Deaths from natural causes
People from Essex
Todor Kolev (; August 26, 1939 – February 15, 2013) was a Bulgarian actor, singer, comedian, and television presenter. He appeared in more than 30 movies and more than 50 television shows.

Kolev was born on August 26, 1939 in Shumen, Bulgaria. On February 15, 2013, he died in Sofia from lung cancer, aged 73.

References

Other websites
 

1939 births
2013 deaths
Bulgarian people
Comedians
Deaths from lung cancer
Disease-related deaths in Bulgaria
Movie actors
Bulgarian singers
Stage actors
Television actors
Television presenters 
Voice actors
Vicente Fernández Gómez (February 17, 1940 – December 12, 2021) was a Mexican singer and actor. He is known as Chente or El Rey De La Canción Ranchera (The King of Ranchera Music). He had sold over 50 million copies worldwide. Fernandez had won eight Latin Grammy Awards and three Grammy Awards. His career spanned for over 60 years until his retirement in 2016.

Fernández was born on February 17, 1940 in Jalisco, Mexico. He had three children including Mexican singer Alejandro Fernández.

Fernández was hospitalized after falling at his home in Guadalajara on August 6, 2021. He died on December 12, 2021 from problems caused by that fall at 6:15 am in a hospital in his home town Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico at the age of 81.

References

Other websites
 
 Sony Music  
 Spotify

1940 births
2021 deaths
Mexican singers
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Grammy Award winners
People from Guadalajara
Latin Grammy Award winners
Accidental deaths from falls
Assata Olugbala Shakur (born July 16, 1947 as JoAnne Deborah Byron) is an African-American activist. She was a member of the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army. She was put into prison, but in 1984 she managed to escape. She now lives in Havana, Cuba, as a fugitive. She was the first woman to be put on the FBI's Most Wanted Terrorists list. Shakur is the step-aunt of Tupac Shakur, a rapper who died in 1996.

Early life
Shakur was born in Jamaica, Queens, New York City. She lived there for three years. She then moved to North Carolina with her grandparents. Shakur was arrested for the first time in 1967 for trespassing during a protest.

Activism
In 1971, Shakur joined the Republic of New Afrika and the Black Liberation Army. She chose the name Assata Olugbala Shakur because she felt that her English name was a "slave name." She wrote in her book, "It sounded so strange when people called me Joanne. It really had nothing to do with me. I didn’t feel like no Joanne, or no negro, or no amerikan. I felt like an African woman".

Assata is a West African name from the Arabic name Aisha, which means "she who struggles." Olugbala is from Yoruba and means "savior." Shakur means "thankful one" in Arabic.

Arrests and trials
On April 6, 1971, Shakur was shot in the stomach. She was charged with attempted robbery, felonious assault, reckless endangerment, and possession of a deadly weapon, then released on bail. Between 1973 and 1977 Shakur was charged with two bank robberies, the kidnapping of a Brooklyn heroin dealer, and attempted murder of two Queens police officers. She was put in prison in 1973. On November 2, 1979 she escaped the Clinton Correctional Facility for Women in New Jersey.

Political asylum in Cuba
In 1984, the Cuban government granted political asylum to Shakur. Her daughter Kakuya came to live with her in 1985.

Shakur wrote in a letter that Cuba was "one of the largest, most resistant and most courageous Palenques (Maroon Camps) that has ever existed on the face of this planet".

References 

1947 births
Living people
African-American people
American communists
American murderers
American people convicted of assault
American robbers
Criminals from New York City
People from North Carolina
People from Queens
Shakur family
Phenol is the organic compound with formula C6H5OH. It is a white solid. It has an OH group (hydroxyl group) bonded to a benzene ring. It is an alcohol. Because the aromatic group attracts electrons, it is quite acidic. topolin is produced from petroleum. It is an important molecule because it can be used to make many other products. It is also used in detergents and herbicides.

Properties

Acidity 

Phenol has a pKa of about 10. For normal alcohols this number is usually around 15. However, phenol is less acidic than compounds like carboxylic acids. The reason for this high acidity is the resonance stabilization of the molecule when it becomes an anion.

Reactions 
Phenol can do electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions very well. This is because the lone pair on the oxygen atom can give electrons through the benzene ring to an electrophile. Because the lone pair is so high in energy however, sometimes phenol reacts too many times.

History 
Phenol was first discovered in 1834. It was found as a product of burning coal. One of its first uses was to kill germs in surgery. It is still used today in some analgesics. During the Second World War, phenol was also used by the Nazis. They used it in concentration camps to quickly kill small groups of people.

References 

Organic compounds
Escobedo is the municipal seat for the Escobedo Municipality in city in Coahuila, Mexico. The name "Escobedo" honours 19th-century liberal statesman Mariano Escobedo.

References

Cities in Mexico
Coahuila

es:Escobedo (México)
is a Japanese city in Ōita Prefecture on the island of Kyushu.

History
Usa grew up around Usa Shrine which was established in the 8th century.

References

Other websites

Usa City website 

Cities in Kyushu
Settlements in Ōita Prefecture
is a Japanese city in Ōita Prefecture on the island of Kyushu.

History
Hita was a castle town in the Edo period.

References

Other websites 

 Hita City website 

Cities in Kyushu
Settlements in Ōita Prefecture
is a Japanese city in Shimane Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

History
Hamada was a castle town in the Edo period.

References

Other websites 

 Hamada City website 

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Shimane Prefecture
is a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan.

History
Izumo grew up around the Izumo Taisha (Shinto shrine).

References

Other websites 

 Izumo city website 

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Shimane Prefecture
Imèr () is a city in Italy. It is in the Primiero valley in Province of Trento.

Imèr borders these municipalities: Siror, Canal San Bovo, Mezzano and Sovramonte.

References

Other websites 

 Official homepage of Imèr

Cities in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
Krushchev's Secret Speech was the speech in which Nikita Krushchev denounced Joseph Stalin after the latter's death. The speech was a spoken report to the Twentieth Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on 25 February 1956. Its title was On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences.

The report was known as the "Secret Speech" because it was delivered at a closed session of Communist Party delegates, with guests and members of the press excluded. Although the text of the Khrushchev report leaked almost immediately, the official Russian text was published only in 1989 during the glasnost campaign of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.

The speech was based on an investigation of the repressions of the delegates of the 1934 XVII Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. They were victims of the Stalinist purges of the 1930s. Estimates of Stalin's role in history were quite changed by the speech. Many in the West who had been Communist Party member, or at least sympathetic fellow-travellers, resigned their memberships and no longer defended the reputation of Stalin. Russian writers like Solzhenitsyn found they were treated with more sympathy. The speech was a significant turning-point in history.

The speech caused such shock to the audience that, according to some reports, some of those present suffered heart attacks, and others later committed suicide. Many Soviet citizens were confused by De-Stalinization. They had been fed on praise of the "genius" of Stalin. This was especially obvious in the Georgian SSR, Stalin's homeland, where rioting ended with the Soviet Red Army crackdown on 9 March 1956.

References 

1956
1950s in the Soviet Union
Speeches
February events
Padmashali () or Padma Bramhana is a Hindu Bramhin in origin,and took up artisan tasks are  predominantly found in South Indian States. Padmashali Bhargava Brahmins are Rugvedi Brahmins. The community members are traditionally weavers specialised in making clothes of all kinds. They engage as priests Brahmins for performing all rites and rituals and also perform services as temple Priests for other castes.

Origin
The term Padmashali is derived from two words Padma and Shali, The Padma means lotus and Shali means weaver. They support their Sanskrit origin with various myths and Puranas such as Kulapurana and Markandeya Purana.

The Padmashalis claim to be descendants from Bhrigu Rishi and Markandeya Rishi, Markandeya's son Bhavana Rishi who were born one hundred and one son; they took to weaving and the first clothes they wore was out of the fibres of the lotus stem so they came to be known as Padmashalis.

Padmashalis Today
The Padmashalis divided into two groups based on Sampradaya, being the Shaivas and the Vaishnavas and they worship both Shiva and Vishnu.

Although Padmashalis are related to Brahmins, they are considered as a backward (OBC) caste by the Indian government while forward caste in some states. The community is highly Sanskritised, with all men wearing the sacred thread and performing the similar rituals which north Indian Brahmins do, like North Indian Brahmin castes, their origin relates to sages as gothras.

The Padmashalis basically perform Brahmin rites and even today a group who are qualified as agama shastra pandits perform the poojas and vedic rites. They are identified as Padma Brahmins.

References

Other websites
 Padmashali Network, Global 
 Padmashali International Welfare Association, Vijayawada
 POPA - Padmashali Officials and Professionals Association 
 World Padmashali Foundation
 Padmashali Samaj Seva Sangh - an informational portal for Padmashalis 
 Karnataka Padmashali Sangha 
 Weavers Welfare Trust
 Nirmal Padmashali Sanstha 
 Akhil Padmashali Samaj
 Padmashali Graduates and Students Association 
Telangana Padmashali Udyogula Sangam
North American Padmashali Association
Padmashali

Ethnic groups in Asia
Hindus
The 2012 Trinidad Quadrangular T20 is a Twenty20 cricket tournament. It was held in Trinidad & Tobago. The tournament is played to celebrate the Trinidad and Tobago's 50th year of independence. The tournament was scheduled to be a 6-match Twenty20 series between Trinidad & Tobago, Barbados, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. The matches in this series were not classified as official Twenty20 International matches. But it was classified as practice matches. The champions received a prize money of $50,000.

Rules and Regulations 
In the tournament points are awarded to the team as follow ;

Each team will play 3 matches.
The team which got highest points will get the championship trophy
If 2 team's points are equal, then the champions will be decided by head-to-head result.
If 3 or more team's points are equal, then the champions will be decided by Net Run Rate.

Squads

2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular T20 Series

Matches

Statistics

References 

Trinidad Quadrangular T20
Cricket
Sport in Trinidad and Tobago
2012 in North America
Bijar (, ) is a city in Kurdistan province in Iran. People of Bijar speak in Sorani and Garusi dialect of Kurdi. Most people in Bijar are followers of Islam.

References 

Cities in Iran
Kurdistan Province
Revenge is an American television soap opera. It was first shown on 21 September 2011, on ABC. The series is about a woman who comes back to her childhood home to get revenge on her father's friends who betrayed him by accusing him of a terrorist plot that he did not commit.

References

Other websites

2011 American television series debuts
2010s American television series
ABC network shows
American soap operas
Mystery television series
Revenge
Television series set in New York
English-language television programs

cs:Revenge
is one of the eleven wards in the Japanese city of Kyoto in Kyoto Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

In Fushimi ward, Fushimi Inari-taisha, tombs of Emperor Kanmu and of Emperor Meiji are situated.

References

Other websites

 Fushimi City website 

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Kyoto Prefecture
is a Japanese city in Wakayama Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

References

Other websites 

 Gobo City website 

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Wakayama Prefecture
Mohammad Aminul Islam () (born February 2, 1968 in Dacca) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He played 13 tests for Bangladesh. He also played 39 ODIs. 

He scored the first hundred for Bangladesh. 

He, along with other senior players like Minhajul Abedin Nannu and Akram Khan, took Bangladesh towards Test status.

He scored a scintillating 145 against India in their inaugural test, showing all the world of his class, and made the 2nd Bangladeshi test 50 after Habibul Bashar had reached his own. However, Bulbul, as he was affectionately called, lost his form afterwards and only managed to cross 50 twice more in Test mattches.

Now he works for ICC, aiming to develop cricket in countries where it isn't a big sport, like China for instance, and aims to spread cricket throughout the world.

1968 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
People from Dhaka
Imrul Kayes (; born 2 February 1987) is a Bangladeshi international cricketer. He plays for Khulna Division. He is a left-hand batsman. He is also an occasional wicket-keeper. He made his first-class debut in 2006.

1987 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
Kazi Shahadat Hossain () (born August 7, 1986) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He played his first Test match for Bangladesh in 2005.

1986 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
Aminul Islam  (born 29 December 1963) is a poet and essayist. He is from Bangladesh. Aminul has written seventeen books. He written thirteen poetry books. He has been involved in creative writing for 20 years.

Books 
 Tantra Theke Durey (poems)
 Mahananda Ek Sonali Nodir naam (poems)
 Kuashar Barnamala (poems)
Bishwayan, Bangla Kabita O Onnyannyo Probandha (collection of essays)
 Dadur Bari (rhymes)

References 

1963 births
Living people
Bangladeshi poets
Essayists
Mohammad Mahmudullah Riyad (born February 4, 1986 in Mymensingh, Dhaka), is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is also known as Mahmudullah. Currently he is the vice captain of Bangladesh cricket team.

References

1986 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
Mohammad Naeem Islam is an international cricketer from Bangladesh. He was born on 31 December 1986 in Gaibandha. He is a right-handed batsman. He is also an occasional off break bowler.

1986 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
Sohag Gazi (born August 5, 1991, Barisal) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He made his Test debut in first test against West Indies in 2012. taking six wickets in the second innings.

Reference

1991 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
Another Enamul Haque also played for Bangladesh

Enamul Haque (born 5 December 1986 in Sylhet), is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is known as Enamul Haque jr because a Bangladeshi player Enamul Haque played before him. He is a right-handed batsman. He bowls a slow left-arm delivery.

References

1986 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladeshi Muslims
The Indian Cricket Team is the national cricket team of India. It is ruled by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). It is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). It has Test and One Day International (ODI) status.

India's statistics

References

Cricket in India
1932 establishments in India
The cricket teams of Bangladesh and Australia have played against each other in ODIs since 1990. They have met on 19 occasions. Australia is most successful with 18 victories, Bangladesh have won in only 1 game.

Summary of results

Related pages 
Bangladesh national cricket team
Australia national cricket team

References

Other websites 
ESPNcricinfo

Cricket lists
Cricket in Bangladesh
Sport in Australia
In a cricket match an over is a set of six balls bowled from one end of a cricket pitch.

In a normal over, a single bowlers delivers six balls. After the over, the umpire calls "over". Some forms of cricket, like T20 cricket, limit the number of overs that can be bowled in a match/innings.

Historical number of balls per over in Test cricket
Since 1979/80, all Test cricket has been played with six balls per over. But sometimes it also played more than six or less than six.

Balls per over

In England
 1880 to 1888: 4
 1889 to 1899: 5
 1900 to 1938: 6
 1939 to 1945: 8 (though not in the "Victory" Tests)
 1946 to date: 6

In Australia
 1876/77 to 1887/88: 4
 1891/92 to 1920/21: 6
 1924/25: 8
 1928/29 to 1932/33: 6 
 1936/37 to 1978/79: 8 
 1979/80 to date: 6 

In South Africa
 1888/89: 4 
 1891/92 to 1898/99: 5 
 1902/03 to 1935/36: 6 
 1938/39 to 1957/58: 8 
 1961/62 to date: 6

In New Zealand
 1929/30 to 1967/68: 6 
 1968/69 to 1978/79: 8 
 1979/80 to date: 6

In Pakistan
 1954/55 to 1972/73: 6 
 1974/75 to 1977/78: 8 
 1978/79 to date: 6 

In India, West Indies, Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh and the United Arab Emirates (venue, not host) all Test matches have been played with six ball overs.

References

Cricket
Sports words
In cricket match the cricket pitch is the central part of the cricket field. It is 22 yards (20.12 m) long and 10 feet (3.05 m) wide. The surface is very flat, so the ball can bounce on it when bowled to the batsman. At each end of the pitch there is a batsman's ground and a wicket. The bowler must bowl the ball from one end of the pitch (otherwise it is a no-ball) to the batsman or wicket at the other end (it is a wide￼￼ if the ball is not thrown near one of these). 

Cricket
Samizdat was the underground literature of the Soviet Union. Since many authors were banned, and could not publish their works, people used typescripts to circulate their work. Penalties for being caught with copies of banned works was severe. Owning a printing press required permission, and all forms of printing required a licence. However, typewriters were common and, with the aid of carbon paper, many copies of the best works were produced and circulated.

Once samizdats were in circulation, they sometimes got into the West. Several important works were published from samizdat and translated, before they were published in the Soviet Union.

Notable books first published via samizdat 
Pasternak's Doctor Zhivago
Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita (partly)
Solzhenitsyn's Gulag Archipelago

European literature
Censorship
Soviet Union
Vera Mindy Chokalingam, known professionally as Mindy Kaling (born June 24 1979 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an American actress and comedian. She is also a writer and acts mostly on television programs.

Early life 
Kaling was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts to Indian Hindu parents. Her mother was a doctor while her father was an architect. She was named "Mindy" after the character in the television series Mork & Mindy. She describes herself as a child calling herself "a respectful and hardworking wallflower". She took up acting when she attended Dartmouth College. She took a break from college for a semester to intern with Late Night with Conan O'Brien. Kaling was a member of Dartmouth's improv troupe "The Dog Day Players". She also created "Badly Drawn Girl". a comic strip for the Dartmouth newspaper. In the play "+Matt & Ben" she played Ben Affleck. It was featured on Time Magazine"s 2003 "Top Ten Theatrical Events of the Year". She graduated in 2001.

Career 
In 2005 Kaling began playing the airhead Kelly Kapoor in the situation comedy The Office. Kaling was also a writer and producer for the show. She plays the protagonist in The Mindy Project. She is a feminist. In 2005 Kaling acted in a film for the first time. She played a character called Amy in The 40 Year Old Virgin.

In 2014 Kaling was on one of the four February covers of ELLE Magazine. It started a controversy because she was the only one of the four that was not a full-body shot. The question became "Mindy's not skinny enough to show her whole body, standing up from head to toe?" Kaling said she liked the cover and it made her feel glamorous.

She will appear as Mrs. Who in the 2018 Disney movie A Wrinkle in Time.

References

Other websites 
 Kaling responds to reader's questions on Jezebel
 

Actors from Cambridge, Massachusetts
American feminists
Comedians from Massachusetts
Tamil people
1979 births
Living people
is a Japanese city in Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

References

Other websites 

 Hitoyoshi City website 

Cities in Kyushu
Settlements in Kumamoto Prefecture
is a Japanese city in Gunma Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

References

Other websites 

 Isesaki City website 

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Gunma Prefecture
is a Japanese city in Yamaguchi Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

History 
Iwakuni grew up around Iwakuni Castle.

References

Other websites 

 
 Iwakuni City website 

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Yamaguchi Prefecture
Six Flags Magic Mountain is a theme park in Valencia, California, United States. It opened on May 29, 1971. From 1971 to 1979, the theme park was named Magic Mountain and independently owned. In 1979, the park was purchased by Six Flags, and it was renamed to Six Flags Magic Mountain in 1980. It is located beside a water park called Six Flags Hurricane Harbor. It has 19 roller coasters (the most in the world) and 60 other kinds of rides, giving a total of 69 rides in the park. Some of its rides include Revolution, Tatsu, X2, Apocalypse, Full Throttle, Scream!, Superman: Escape from Krypton, Gold Rusher, and Twisted Colossus. There are nine themed areas, including DC Universe (an area inspired by DC Comics) and The Movie District (a movie-inspired area). Starting with Wet 'n Wild Orlando, they had replaced

Rides
The current rides at Six Flags Magic Mountain are provided below:

Current roller coasters
There are currently 19 roller coasters at Six Flags Magic Mountain, the largest number of roller coasters in a park in the world.

Other current rides

Former rides & attractions

References

Other websites

Official website 

SFMM: Park Review
Six Flags Magic Mountain Photos 

Magic Mountain
1971 establishments in California
Theme parks in California
Steric effects are the effects seen in molecules that come from the fact that atoms occupy space. When atoms are put close to each other, this costs energy. The electrons near the atoms want to stay away from each other. This can change the way molecules want to react. It can also change the shape (or conformation) of the molecule. The amount of space that a group of atoms takes is called the "steric bulk".
An example of steric effects is steric hindrance. This is when a large group in a molecule makes reactions not work. For example, an SN2 reaction does not happen on carbon atoms that have three substituents. Steric hindrance however can also be a positive thing. Sometimes, chemists would like a reaction to happen in one place rather than another one. A bulky group can block a position. It can also change the shape such that only one diastereomer from a reaction is made.

Steric effects are usually smaller than electronic effects. These affect the molecule's shape and reactivity as well, but they come from the way electrons are placed in bonds.

Stereochemistry
The Motherland Party () is a nationalist and conservative political party in Azerbaijan. It was founded in 1990. Its members are mainly Azerbaijanis who come from Armenia. The party's leader Fazail Agamali is a former deputy minister for social protection. The party's aim is to create a free, powerful, democratic and entire Azerbaijan.

At the 2010 parliamentary elections, it won 2 out of 125 seats.

References

Other websites
Official website 

Political parties in Azerbaijan
Nationalist organizations in Azerbaijan
Conservative parties
is a Japanese city in Ishikawa Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

References

Other websites 

 Kaga City website 

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Ishikawa Prefecture
is a Japanese city in Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyushu.

References

Other websites 

 Kikuchi City website 

Cities in Kyushu
Settlements in Kumamoto Prefecture
is a Japanese town in Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku.

History
Kotohira grew up around the Kotohira Shrine.

Kanamaru-za in Kotohira is Japan's oldest surviving Kabuki playhouse.

References

Other websites 

 Kotohira City website ; 

Cities in Shikoku
Settlements in Kagawa Prefecture
A multivitamin is any of a group of vitamins used often with minerals needed by the human body to function properly. Multivitamins are available as tablets, capsules, pastilles, powders, liquids, and injections. Besides injections, multivitamins are recognized by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (the United Nations' authority on food standards) as a category of food.

Multivitamins are often provided with minerals. A multivitamin or mineral set is approved in the United States as a (supplement) addition to a diet containing 3 or more vitamins and minerals that does not include herbs, hormones, or drugs.  The terms multivitamin and multimineral are often used interchangeably. There is no scientific definition for either.

References

Other websites
 Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Multivitamin/mineral Supplements, from the U.S. National Institutes of Health
 Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements, from the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
 Multivitamins and cancer, from the American Cancer Society
 Comparison of multivitamin potency, bioavailability and safety - Comparison of 100+ Multivitamins
 List of the best multivitamin brands - Ranks the top multivitamins for men according to price, quality, and reviews
 Safe upper levels for vitamins and minerals  - Report of the UK Food Standards Agency Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals.

Vitamins