cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Comcast Corporation is the biggest cable television company, the second biggest Internet service provider and the third biggest telephone company in the United States.

Imageworks 

 Spirou
 Spirou & Fantasio
 Little Spirou
 The Adventures of Tintin
 Inspector Gadget
 Cédric
 Lucky Luke
 The New Adventures of Lucky Luke
 Code Lyoko
 Valérian and Laureline
 Blake and Mortimer
 Chicken Town
 Kinky & Cosy
 Yakari
 Babar the Elephant
 Trouble with Sophie
 TroTro
 Mr. Men and Little Miss
 The Magic Roundabout
 Corto Maltese
 The Garfield Show
 Linkers
 The Crumpets
 Titeuf
 Kid Paddle
 SamSam
 Tom and Pippo
 Boule and Bill
 Bobby and Bill
 Bibi Blocksberg
 Benjamin the Elephant
 Bibi & Tina
Marsupilami
Prudence Investigations
Raindrop
LMN’S

 Anna's Tales
 Jack & Marce
 Ralf the Record Rat
The Pink Panther Show
The New Pink Panther Show
The All New Pink Panther Show
The Inspector
The Ant and the Aardvark
Pink Panther And Sons
The Pink Panther
Pink Panther and Pals
Snorks
The Smurfs
Peanuts
Pickles
Non Sequitur
Calvin and Hobbes
Mafalda
Zits
Baby Blues
Drabble
Frank and Ernest
Lola
Frazz
Pearls Before Swine
The Duplex
Dilbert

History
In 2007, Comcast was accused of bandwidth throttling, or the provider slowing the Internet connection they have, by its customers. The FCC has launched an investigation regarding the situation.

On January 28, 2011, Comcast bought 51 percent of NBCUniversal (owner of NBC and Universal Studios) from General Electric, but Comcast owns 51 percent of NBCUniversal while General Electric remains 49 percent of NBCUniversal until 2013. In March 2013, Comcast completed the purchase by acquiring the remaining 49 percent of NBCUniversal from General Electric.

In February 2014, Comcast settled a deal to purchase the second largest cable television provider, Time Warner Cable for US$45 billion.

On April 28, 2016, Comcast NBCUniversal announced that it would acquire DreamWorks Animation for $3.8 billion. The Comcast NBCUniversal-DreamWorks Animation acquisition was completed on August 22, 2016.

Business
Comcast offers cable TV, High Speed Internet, telephone and home security. Their products are branded as Xfinity.

Comcast has launched their own streaming service called Peacock. It has many movies and TV shows made by NBC and Universal, as well as those made by companies that they own, such as DreamWorks they own Classic Media (CM's subsidiaries are Bullwinkle and Harvey together) and Illumination.

References

Other websites
 www.comcast.com
 www.comcast.net
 www.cmcsk.com 

American telephone companies
American internet service providers
American television providers
Companies based in Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Millions of people were arrested, tortured or murdered by the Nazis. This is a list of victims of Nazism who were famous for some reason.

This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins, their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation, lost their lives as a result of Nazism. This list includes those whose deaths were part of The Holocaust as well as people who died in other ways at the hands of the Nazis during World War II. People who died in concentration camps are listed alongside those who were murdered by the National Socialists or those who chose suicide for political motives or to avoid being murdered.

This list is sorted by occupation and within by nationality.

Literature and publishing

Theatre and film

Visual arts and design

Music 
See also: List of composers influenced by the Holocaust

Humanities

Mathematics

Natural sciences

Medicine, psychology, paedagogy

Law, business

Theology, spirituality, religion

Sport

Politics, resistance

Military 

Lists of people

History-related lists
The Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA) was a British company that started making guns and bicycles in the 19th century. From 1910 the company started making motorcycles. At one time, It was the most popular maker of motorcycles in the world. Over half a million of the company's most popular model, the Bantam, were sold.  The company went out of business in the 1970s. It has started again as a gun making company.

1861 establishments in the United Kingdom
Birmingham
Companies of the United Kingdom
Firearm manufacturers
Caló (or Spanish Romani) is a dialect spoken by the Gitanos or Zincarli (also calés, "dark ones") that came to Spain. Caló uses Romani vocabulary with Spanish grammar,
 as Spanish Roma lost the full use of their ancestral language. The language is mainly used for private talking between Roma people.

Notes and references

Other websites 
Calo
Romani Language 

Indo-Aryan languages
Roma
Industrialisation (or industrialization) is a process that happens in countries when they start to use machines to do work that was once done by people. Industrialisation changes the things people do. Industrialisation caused towns to grow larger. Many people left farming to take higher paid jobs in factories in towns.

Industrialisation is part of a process where people adopt easier and cheaper ways to make things. Using better technology, it becomes possible to produce more goods in a shorter amount of time. More things can be produced by fewer people. 

After industrialisation people also do more specialised jobs. For example before industrialisation, a cobbler made the whole shoe. He worked on one pair of shoes, finished that, and then did the next pair of shoes. Industrial shoemaking involves many people in making shoes in a factory. An individual worker has a smaller task, however. One person cuts the sole of the shoe. Another person stitches it on. In short there is division of labour. They make even more shoes when they use cutting machines, sewing machines and other special machines. The factory may be owned by a rich person who can afford the machines, or by a company.

Industrialisation started in England with the industrial revolution in the 18th century. It spread first to parts of Europe, and to North America. In the 20th century industrialisation spread to most other countries.

Related pages 
Industrial revolution

References 

Economic history
The Falling Man is the title of an article about a photograph taken by Richard Drew at 9:41:15 a.m., on September 11, 2001. The story was written by Tom Junod and appeared in the September 2003 issue of Esquire magazine. It is about the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York City.The man in the photo Jonathan Briley is know as the falling man. He himself had worked in the twin towers and  He as many other coworkers had jumped out of the the twin towers.

September 11 attacks
Avon can mean:
 River Avon, various rivers
 Avon (county), a former county of England
 Avon Water, a river in Scotland

Places

Australia 
 Avon, South Australia

Canada 
 Avon, New Brunswick, in the province of New Brunswick
 Avon, Ontario, in the province of Ontario
 Black Avon, Nova Scotia, in the province of Nova Scotia
 New Avon, New Brunswick, in the province of New Brunswick

France 
 Avon, Seine-et-Marne, a commune in the département of Seine-et-Marne
 Avon, Deux-Sèvres, a commune in the département of Deux-Sèvres
 Avon-la-Pèze, a commune in the département of Aube
 Avon-les-Roches, a commune in the département of Indre-et-Loire

United States 
 Avon, Alabama
 Avon, Colorado
 Avon, Connecticut
 Avon, Illinois
 Avon, Indiana
 Avon, Maine
 Avon, Massachusetts
 Avon, Minnesota, a city
 Avon, Montana, a town 
 Avon (town), New York, a town
 Avon (village), New York, a village 
 Avon, North Carolina
 Avon, Ohio, a city 
 Avon, Pennsylvania, a town
 Avon, South Dakota, a city 
 Avon, Utah, a town 
 Avon, Wisconsin, a town 
 Avon-by-Sea, New Jersey, a borough
 Avon Lake, Ohio, a city 
 Avon Park, Florida, a city 
There are also several Avon Townships.

Businesses and brands 
 Avon (publishers), an imprint of the publisher HarperCollins
 Avon Comics, a comic book company
 Avon Inflatables, Ltd, a manufacturer of inflatable boats, RIBs and marine safety equipment
 Avon Products, Inc., a US cosmetics company
 Avon Rubber, a manufacturer of rubber products
 Cooper Tire & Rubber Company, Avon Tyres, a UK racing-tyre manufacturer, owned by the Cooper Tire brand
 The Rolls-Royce Avon, a jet engine

People (real and fictional) 
 Kerr Avon, a character in the Blake's 7 science-fiction television series.
 Anthony Eden, Earl of Avon 
 Avon Cobourne, American football player
Blues Rock is a type of music which mixes blues with rock and roll, and uses mostly electric guitar as a main instrument. It began in the mid 1960s in England and the United States with bands such as Cream and The Rolling Stones, who experimented with music from the older bluesmen like Elmore James, Robert Johnson, Howlin' Wolf and Bo Diddley.

Examples of Artists 
Allman Brothers Band
Mike Bloomfield
Joe Bonamassa
Eric Clapton
Fleetwood Mac
Rory Gallagher
Jimi Hendrix
John Mayall
The Rolling Stones
Carlos Santana
Lynyrd Skynyrd
George Thorogood 
Status Quo
Stevie Ray Vaughan
Johnny Winter
ZZ Top
David Wilcox

Sources

Rock music
The Nile Delta () is the delta formed in Northern Egypt (Lower Egypt) where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. It is one of the world's largest river deltas—from Alexandria in the west to Port Said in the east, it covers some 240 km of Mediterranean coastline—and is a rich agricultural region. From north to south the delta is approximately 160 km in length. The Delta begins slightly down-river from Cairo. Dams at Aswan farther upstream on the Nile have stopped further addition of the silt that built the delta in past centuries. Because of this, the delta is shrinking.

Shape and composition 

The Nile is considered to be an "arcuate" delta (arc-shaped), and resembles a triangle or lotus flower when seen from above.

Climate 
The Nile Delta has a Mediterranean climate, characterized by little rainfall. Only 100 to 200 mm of rain falls on the delta area during an average year, and most of this falls in the winter months. The delta experiences its hottest temperatures in July and August, averaging 30 °C, with a  maximum of around 48 °C. Winter temperatures are normally in the range of 5° to 10 °C. The Nile Delta region becomes quite humid during the summer months. The Nile Delta is currently eroding.

Ancient and modern cities in the Delta region 
 Alexandria

 Cairo

References 
1. p87 in W. Hayes, 'Most Ancient Egypt', JNES, 23 (1964), 73-114.

Other websites 
 keyway.ca 
 worldwildlife.org
 

Nile
River deltas
Lotus may refer to:

 Nelumbo, plant genus commonly known as 'Lotus'
 Lotus position, cross-legged sitting posture for meditation

in horticulture:
 Lotus (genus), it includes bird's-foot trefoils and deervetches
 Nelumbo nucifera, blue or Indian lotus
 Nelumbo lutea, American lotus
 Nymphaea, the water-lily genus superficially similar to Nelumbo
 Nymphaea alba, European white water-lily or white lotus
 Nymphaea caerulea, Egyptian blue lily or sacred blue lily, also called the blue or sacred lotus
 Nymphaea lotus, the Egyptian white water-lily or tiger lotus
 Lotus effect, self-cleaning property of Nelumbo species
 Saussurea laniceps, snow lotus
 Ziziphus lotus, thorny shrub that may have been the "lotus tree" of Greek mythology

in culture (Asian):
 Lotus feet, the practice of Foot binding in pre-modern China
 Lotus kick, foot sweep in Tai chi chuan
 Lotus seed, in Chinese medicine
 Lotus Sutra 
 Lotus, one of the Ashtamangala, or Eight Auspicious Symbols
 Nelumbo nucifera, the blue lotus, the sacred lotus or the Indian lotus
 Padma (attribute), the sacred lotus

in corporate and computing:
 Lotus Software, previously Lotus Development Corporation, software company in Cambridge, Massachusetts
 IBM Lotus Connections, social networking program
 IBM Lotus Quickr, enterprise-level team collaboration
 Lotus 1-2-3, spreadsheet program
 Lotus Cars, British sports and racing car manufacturer
 Lotus (computer games), a videogame series based on Lotus Cars
 Lotus Notes, enterprise-level electronic messaging
 Lotus Sametime, instant messaging program
 Team Lotus, Formula 1 constructor related to Lotus Cars
 Tesco Lotus, chain of Thai hypermarket stores

in geography:
 Lotus, Florida, area in Brevard County, USA
 Vancouver, nickname Lotus Land

in maritime
 S.S.S. Lotus, gaff-rigged schooner
 Lotus case, a precedent-setting case resulting from a collision between the S.S. Lotus and the S.S. Boz-Kourt

in other meanings:
 Lotus tree of Greek mythology, into which Lotis was transformed, and which was eaten by the Lotophagi of Homer's Odyssey
Millau Viaduct is a large bridge in Millau, France in the Département of Aveyron. It was designed by the French structural engineer Michel Virlogeux and British architect Sir Norman Foster.

Before the bridge was built, traffic had to go down into the valley of the Tarn river and pass along the national route N9 near the town of Millau, causing heavy congestion at the beginning and end of the July and August vacation season. The bridge now crosses the Tarn valley above its lowest point, linking the Causse du Larzac to the Causse Rouge, and is inside the perimeter of the Grands Causses regional natural park.

The bridge forms the last link of the A75 autoroute, (la Méridienne) from Clermont-Ferrand to Béziers. The A75, with the A10 and A71, provides a continuous high-speed route south from Paris through Clermont-Ferrand to the Languedoc region and through to Spain, considerably reducing the cost of vehicle traffic traveling along this route. Many tourists heading to southern France and Spain follow this route because it is direct and without tolls for the 340 km between Clermont-Ferrand and Pézenas, except for the bridge itself. 

Transport in France
Steel bridges
Buildings and structures in France
Occitanie
The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church (in German: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche, but mostly just known as Gedächtniskirche ), known in English as the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, is a ruined church in Berlin.  It belongs to the Protestant Evangelical Church in Germany

It is on the Breitscheidplatz, at the end of the Kurfürstendamm.

The old church was built between 1891 and 1895 according to plans by Franz Schwechten.

Emperor Wilhelm II ordered the building of the church to honour his grandfather Wilhelm I. The neo-romanesque style is a reminder of the many Romanesque churches in the Rhineland like Bonn Minster.

Mosaics inside the church showed the life and work of Emperor Wilhelm I. During World War II, the church was destroyed during a British RAF bombing raid in 1943. The only remainder of the old building is the ruin of the belfry, which is also called  ("the hollow tooth").

After the war, from 1951 to 1961, a new church was built right next to the site of the old one. the new church was designed by Egon Eiermann.

The new church has a cross made of nails from the old Coventry Cathedral, destroyed by German Luftwaffe bomb attacks in what was called the Coventry Blitz. It was consecrated on May 25, 1962, the same day as the new Coventry Cathedral. Both churches were built next to the ruins of the old building, which were kept as reminders of the horrors of war.

As well as the Coventry cross, the Gedächtniskirche has a cross of the Russian Orthodox Church and a design known as the Stalingrad Madonna by Lieutenant Kurt Reuber, created in December 1942 in Stalingrad (now Volgograd), as symbols of peace between the three countries that were once at war.

In December 2007, Charles Jeffrey Gray, a former British pilot who carried out World War II bombing raids over Germany, joined a campaign to rescue the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church from decay. After reading about the condition of the Church, Gray contacted Wolfgang Kuhla, the chairman of the church's advisory board, asking for its tower be restored. A fund was launched to help raise the costs of its repair.

Related pages
 Battle of Berlin (air)
 RAF Bomber Command
 Bombing of Berlin in World War II
 Coventry Blitz

Other websites 

 Google Maps Aerial View
 Stalingrad Madonna history by Heinz Schroeter
 Stalingrad Madonna Sermon 

Protestant churches in Germany
Buildings and structures in Berlin
Catherine Zeta-Jones CBE (born 25 September 1969) is an Academy Award-winning Welsh actress living in the United States. She started acting at in theatre when she was young. After this, she has many small role British and American television and movies. She became a famous actor once she start acting in Hollywood movies such as The Phantom, The Mask of Zorro, and Entrapment in the late 1990s.

She won Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for acting as Velma Kelly in 2002 movie Chicago. She is the first and only Welsh actress to win that award. 

In 2010 Zeta-Jones was given a CBE.

Zeta-Jones is married to American actor Michael Douglas, with whom she shares a birthday. They have two children - Dylan (named after Dylan Thomas) and Carys.

Zeta-Jones said in 2011 that she has been diagnosed with bipolar II disorder.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Glamorgan
Drama Desk Award winners
People from Swansea
People with bipolar disorder
Douglas family
Welsh movie actors
Welsh television actors
1969 births
Living people
Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan is the second Star Trek movie. It was made in 1982. It is a sequel to Star Trek: The Motion Picture. It is considered to be the best of the Star Trek movies. Most of the original actors are in the movie and it marked the return of Khan, a villain from the first season of the series. It won 2 Saturn awards, another 8 nominations. A notable scene in the movie consists of Kirk screaming the name of Khan very loudly when he is trapped in a planet.

Other websites

Star Trek movies
1982 movies
Paramount movies
English-language movies
Alexander Andrew Kelly (born May 8, 1967) is an American from Darien, Connecticut, who was convicted of rape in 1997.  He is an Irish American who is the middle of three children, having both an older and a younger brother.

Crimes
Alex Kelly was charged with having done two aggravated assaults  in Darien, Connecticut, in 1986. Before his trial was due to begin in 1987, Kelly fled the United States and spent the next seven years on the run, mostly in Europe. In 1995, Kelly gave him self up to the authorities in Switzerland and was extradited to the United States in order to stand trial on rape and kidnapping charges. Kelly faced two trials in 1997.  After the first was declared a mistrial, the second resulted in his conviction for the first rape and a sentence of 16 years in prison.

Release 
In 2005, after having served eight years of his 16-year sentence, Kelly appeared before a Connecticut parole board; his bid for release was rejected. On November 23, 2007, Kelly was released from prison on "good behavior".  He is now has to serve 10 years probation, perform 200 hours of community service, pay a $10,000 fine, and register with the Connecticut Sex Offender Registry.  While in prison, Kelly claims that he earned a bachelor's degree in economics and third-world development.

References

Other websites
CNN article on Alex Kelly 
Connecticut: Stamford: Rapist Won't Seek New Trial

Crime in Connecticut
Connecticut Sex Offender Registry page

1967 births
Living people
American rapists
People from Connecticut
Extradition
Dr. Phil is an American talk show hosted by Phil McGraw. It debuted on September 16, 2002, after McGraw had success with the "Tuesdays With Dr. Phil" segment on The Oprah Winfrey Show. On both shows McGraw offers advice in the form of "life strategies" from his experience as a clinical psychologist.

The show is in syndication throughout the United States and Canada, as well as a number of other countries. Also, the show's syndication contracts specifically state that if Dr. Phil is on another station, it cannot air at the same time as Oprah.

The sixth season premiered on September 10, 2007.

It was announced on August 3, 2005 that Dr. Phil had been renewed through at least 2012-2013, lasting through the 11th season.

In 2007, Dr. Phil was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for "Outstanding Talk Show Host".

2002 American television series debuts
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American television talk shows
First run syndicated television programs
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
"The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale" is a story from the well known book The Canterbury Tales. It is about a knight who sets on a quest to find the object that women most desire. The story has been changed into many plays.

The story begins when a man rapes a young lady. He is sentenced to death by the King, but the Queen asks for mercy.  She gives the knight a year and a day to find out what women really want. The man hunts the entire year, and gets many different answers, from the different women he asks. 

After a year passed he was on  his way to back the castle to tell the queen his answer when he saw many young women.  They disappeared and left one old lady. The old lady gives him the answer but in return wants to marry him. The man is forced to marry the old woman after she gives him the correct answer, which was mastery (sovereignty) from their husbands/men. On their honeymoon he hides from her and she gives him the choice of her old ugly self, who would never cheat on him or a pretty woman who might cheat on him. He gives her the power to make the decision on her own, and in return she turns herself into a pretty and faithful young woman he had truly wanted.

The Canterbury Tales
Vuze (formerly Azureus) is a Java-based BitTorrent used for file sharing. The program's logo is the Blue Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates azureus). The Azureus name was given to the project by co-creator Tyler Pitchford, who uses the Latin names of poison dart frogs as "nickname" for his development projects.

Azureus was first released in June 2003 at SourceForge.net. It is now one of the most popular BitTorrent clients

License 
Since version 2.5.0.4, Azureus was distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

Related pages
 Comparison of BitTorrent software

Other websites
 Official website
 Azureus plugins
 Azureus wiki 

Free software
File sharing
Stabio is a municipality of the district Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
Tegna is a former municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Cavigliano, Tegna and Verscio merged into the new municipality of Terre di Pedemonte.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
2013 disestablishments in Switzerland
Tenero-Contra is a municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
Torre was a municipality of the district Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

It came together with 3 other villages to become the new municipality Blenio.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
2006 disestablishments in Switzerland
The common crepe mirtle was introduced in South Carolina by Andre Michaux. 
This multistemmed shrub with crepe-like texture petals, and diverse colors is resistant to frosts.
The genus is dedicated to Magnus von Lagerstroem, who supplied Linnaeus plant he collected.

Taxonomy
Lagerstroemia indiana (L.)Pers.

Other websites
Flora of China 13, 277
The Craple myrtle 
Agriculture
Torricella-Taverne is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
Tremona was a municipality of the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 5 April 2009 the former municipalities of Arzo, Capolago, Genestrerio, Mendrisio, Rancate and Tremona merged into the municipality of Mendrisio.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Valcolla is a former municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

Geography 
Valcolla is in the upper part of the Val Colla, the mountain valley in which the Cassarate River rises. It has villages of Colla, Cozzo, Curtina, Insone, Maglio di Colla, Molino, Piandera, Scareglia and Signôra. It borders the following municipalities: Bidogno, Bogno, Capriasca, Cavargna (Italy), Certara, Cimadera, Corticiasca, Ponte Capriasca and Sonvico.

History 
In 1956 the municipality was created from the merger of Colla, Insone, Piandera, Scareglia and Signôra. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Bogno, Cadro, Carona, Certara, Cimadera, Sonvico and Valcolla merged into the city of Lugano.

References

Other websites 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Vergeletto is a former municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

History
Since 1803, the municipality of Vergeletto also contained the current municipality of Gresso.  Both municipalities were moved away from each other in 1882. On 10 April 2016 the former municipalities of Gresso, Isorno, Mosogno and Vergeletto merged to form the municipality of Onsernone.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms of the municipality are taken from the Garbani, or Garban family for its French and Northern American branch, starting from the village, who are people who sell things or people of power.

References

Other websites

Former municipalities of Ticino
2016 disestablishments in Switzerland
Vernate is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Ticino
Verscio is a former municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Cavigliano, Tegna and Verscio merged to form the new municipality of Terre di Pedemonte.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Vezia is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
Vico Morcote is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
Morcote Turismo Svizzera  Morcote & Vico Morcote Tourism site .
International Institute of Architecture

Municipalities of Ticino
Villa Luganese is a former municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. Villa Luganese was formerly a municipality of its own, having been incorporated into Lugano in 2008.

Former municipalities of Ticino
Vira (Gambarogno) is a former municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 25 April 2010 the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged to form the new municipality of Gambarogno.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  

Former municipalities of Ticino
Vogorno is a former municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The village can be found above Lago di Vogorno. There is an old church with frescos from about 1400 in the village.

On 17 October 2020 the former municipalities of Brione (Verzasca), Corippo, Frasco, Sonogno and Vogorno merged to form the new municipality of Verzasca.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Alt St. Johann was a municipality in Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010 the former municipalities of Alt St. Johann and Wildhaus merged into the new municipality of Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann.

References

Other websites

 Official website  

Former municipalities of St. Gallen
Villages in St. Gallen
BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer program, first developed in mid-2001 by Bram Cohen and BitTorrent, Inc., to use for uploading and downloading files under the BitTorrent protocol. In the protocol, a "Tracker" hosts information about any active computers which are trying to share data. Trackers are used to find other active computers, but do not store or share file data. Using the .torrent files, BitTorrent users can "Leech" (download) the files. Once a "Leecher" gets 100% of the file(s), they become a "Seeder" and helps "Seed" (upload) the files to other Leechers.

BitTorrent was the first client written for the protocol. Before version 6.0, BitTorrent was written in Python, and was free software. The source code for versions up to and including 3.4.2 were distributed under the MIT license and versions 4.x and 5.x were released under the BitTorrent Open Source License, a modified version of the Jabber Open Source License. Since version 6.0, BitTorrent is a rebranded version of µTorrent. As a result, its source is closed.

The BitTorrent protocol now has many clients, for example :

Azureus
BitComet
BitLord
BitFlu
BitTornado
Deluge
KTorrent
LimeWire
QTorrent
Rtorrent
Shareaza
Transmission
µTorrent

Related pages
List of BitTorrent clients

References

Other websites 
Official Website

File sharing
Software
A BitTorrent client is a program that downloads files using the BitTorrent protocol.

The first client, known as BitTorrent, was created by Bram Cohen in the summer of 2002. Most of the other clients are based in part on BitTorrent. Programs that use BitTorrent protocol are:

ABC
Acquisition
Anatomic P2P 	
Arctic Torrent
aria2 	
Azureus 	
BiglyBT
BitComet
BitFlu
BitLet 
BitLord 	 	
BitPump 	
BitTornado 	
BitTorrent 5 / Mainline 		
BitTorrent 6 	
BitSpirit 	
Bits on Wheels 	
BitTyrant 	
Blizzard Downloader 	
Blog Torrent 	
BTPD 	
BTSharp (library) 	
burst!
CTorrent 
Deluge 	
FlashGet
Folx 
freeloader 	
G3 Torrent 	
Gnome BitTorrent 	
Halite 	
KTorrent 	
MLDonkey 	
MonoTorrent (client library) 	
MooPolice 	
Opera 	
QTorrent 	
Qbittorrent 	
rTorrent 	
Rufus 	
Shareaza 	
sharktorrent 	
SymTorrent 	
Torrent Swapper 	
TorrentVolve 	
Transmission 
Turbo Torrent 	
TorrentSpy Rufus 	
µTorrent 	
XTorrent 
ZipTorrent

Related pages
 Comparison of file sharing applications
 BitTorrent
 BitTorrent tracker
 Comparison of BitTorrent clients

Software
Computer-related lists
The Bali Nine is the name of the nine Australian citizens arrested and convicted for drug trafficking on April 17, 2005, in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. The group tried to smuggle 8.3 kg of heroin valued at about 4 million AUD from Indonesia to Australia. 

Members of the group are: Andrew Chan, Si Yi Chen, Michael Czugaj, Renae Lawrence, Tach Duc Thanh Nguyen, Matthew Norman, Scott Rush, Martin Stephens and Myuran Sukumaran. All of them are between ages 18 and 28 at the time of their arrests. 

After the trial, two of the Bali Nine received death sentences, and the others got 20 years or life sentences. Renae Lawrence finished serving her 20-year sentence in Kerobokan Prison together with Schapelle Corby. Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran were executed by firing squad on 29 April 2015.

References 

2005
Australian criminals
Australian drug dealers
Australian prisoners
Bali
2000s in Australia
2000s in Indonesia
A eunuch is a castrated man. His genitals have been removed. This can be cutting off the testicles or removing the penis and the testicles.

Over the millennia since, eunuchs had a lot of different functions in different cultures such as domestics, treble singers, religious specialists, government officials, military commanders, and guardians of women or harem servants. When eunuchs ran a harem, a monarch could be sure he was the one who fathered his wives' children since real eunuchs were always infertile.

In Byzantine art, angels and eunuchs were often shown in a similar light and manner.

References 

 English translation of Rudople Guilland's essay on Byzantine eunuchs "Les Eunuques dans l'Empire Byzantin: Étude de titulature et de prosopographie Byzantines", in 'Études Byzantines', Vol. I (1943), pp. 197-238. with many examples

Other websites 
 The Perfect Servant: Eunuchs and the Social Construction of Gender in Byzantium 
 Eunuchs in Pharaonic Egypt
 Hidden Power: The Palace Eunuchs of Imperial China  
 "Born Eunuchs" Home Page and Library

Human sexuality
The ANTARES Experiment is a telescope that is built at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. But it is not a normal telescope that uses light to see distant objects. Instead, it uses neutrinos, very small and light particles that can fly through the earth. The name comes from Astronomy with a Neutrino Telescope and Abyss environmental RESearch project. There is also a star called Antares.

Functions 
It uses 900 light sensors attached to 12 strings that float in the sea to detect neutrinos. The strings are held onto the sea floor by an anchor and straight up by a buoy floating in the sea. Although the neutrinos are invisible, they can create a different particle, a muon, in water. The muon then gives off light by the Cherenkov effect because it travels faster than light in water. 
The sensors are so sensitive that they need only very little light and can even detect single photons. This is necessary because the muons produce only very little light.

Location 
The detector is located in the Mediterranean, about 40 kilometres off Toulon in southern France. There the sea is 2500 metres deep. It is built by a group of physicists from 12 European countries. Currently, 10 strings are running. The last two strings will be installed in May 2008.

Trivia 
It is the largest neutrino detector in the Northern hemisphere. Two similar detectors are located in the ice of the South Pole (AMANDA and IceCube).

Other websites
ANTARES home - 

Telescopes
The foot-pound force (symbol: ft·lbf), or simply foot-pound (symbol: ft·lb), is a unit of energy and also a unit of torque.  By definition it is one foot times one pound-force.

Unit of energy
As a unit of energy, one foot-pound is the energy it takes to push with one pound-force one pound for a distance of one  foot. 

1 foot-pound is equivalent to:
 1.3558179483314004 joules (exactly)
 13558179.483314004 ergs (exactly)
 ~0.001285067 British Thermal Unit IT
 ~0.323832 calorie IT (calIT)
 ~0.000323832 "food calorie" (kcal or Cal)
 ~32.174049 foot-poundals (ft pdl)

Unit of torque
As a unit of torque, one foot-pound is the torque created by one pound force acting at a perpendicular distance of one foot from a pivot point. 

1 foot-pound is equivalent to:
 1.3558179483314004  newton metre (exactly)

Imperial units
Aeschlen bei Oberdiessbach (also known as Aeschlen) is a former municipality of the district Konolfingen in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010 the municipality of Aeschlen bei Oberdiessbach merged into the municipality of Oberdiessbach.

References 

Former municipalities of Bern
In Japan, Juroujin (寿老人), also known as Gama, is one of the Seven Lucky Gods, according to Taoist beliefs. He is the God of long life.

He has a staff and a fan. He is shown as an old man with a long beard, and a scroll is tied to the staff, which has the lifespan of all living things written on it. The deer, the crane and the tortoise, symbols of long life, sometimes follow him.

Japanese deities
In computer programming, source code is (generally speaking) a text file version of a computer program or software that contains instructions that the computer follows to do something. Source code is written in a programming language which a human can read and change.  A large program may contain many different source code files that all work together. Source code is in many cases compiled before running it. That means translating the code into assembly language or machine language which is much faster and easier for the computer to read, but hard for a human to read. Another very common way is to interpret the code, without needing a compilation step, while that's generally slower.

A computer program may be open source, which means the source code is shared with anyone who wants to look at it and change it. Many programs are however closed source, which means only the executable code is distributed and people are not allowed to look at and change the code. Many open source programs are also compiled to such code, that may or may not be allowed to be inspected, while to change it is most convenient to change the source code that came with it, or possibly can be downloaded.

Example of C source code 
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
      printf("Hello world!\n");
      return(0);
}

When compiled by a C compiler and executed, this will print "Hello world!" on the computer screen and then finish.

Software
Gilles Binchois (probably born in Mons about 1400; died Soignies, 20 September, 1460), was a Franco-Flemish composer. His name is spelt in various ways: “Binchoys”, “Binch” or “Binche” or “Gilles de Bins”. He is one of the earliest composers of the group known as the Burgundian School. His style of composition had a very important influence on music at the Burgundian court. Together with Guillaume Dufay and John Dunstaple he belongs to the greatest of 15th century composers.

Life 

He was probably born in Mons in what is now Belgium. His father, a councillor to Duke Guillaume IV of Hainault, had a job in a church in Mons. Nothing is known about Gilles until 1419, when he became organist at the church of Ste. Waudru in Mons. In 1423 went to live in Lille. He may have worked as a soldier.

Sometime near the end of the 1420s he joined the court chapel of Burgundy. He sang with the choir there. He spent many years working at the Burgundian court. He was not allowed much time to be away, so he did not travel much. We know that he went to Mons in 1449 on which occasion he met Guillaume Dufay. When he retired he went to live in Soignes. He had a good pension.

Music and influence 

Binchois wrote beautiful melodies which were much simpler than a lot of the music of the Middle Ages. They are easy to sing and remember. Many later composers used melodies by Binchois as a basis for their own masses. Most of his secular songs are rondeaux, which became the most common song form during the century. Binchois did not often write in strophic form. He preferred to write music which did not follow the rhyming rhythm of the verse.

Renaissance composers
Franco-Flemish composers
1400 births
1460 deaths
John Dunstaple or Dunstable (born about 1390; died 24 December  1453) was an English composer who lived in the last part of the medieval era and the early part of the Renaissance. He was one of the most famous composers in the early 15th century.  He had a lot of influence on music in England as well as on the continent.   He helped to develop the style of the Burgundian School.

The spelling "Dunstaple" is more often used today because in documents from his time this is the spelling that is more common, although some documents spelt his name "Dunstable".

Life
Dunstaple was probably born in Dunstable, Bedfordshire around 1390. We know very little about his life. He was well educated and he worked for the Duke of Bedford who was the fourth son of Henry IV and brother of Henry V.  He may have spent some time in France because the duke was Regent of France from 1423 to 1429, and then Governor of Normandy from 1429 to his death in 1435.  Dunstaple owned property in Normandy, and also in Cambridgeshire, Essex and London, according to tax records of 1436.  He also worked for the Duke of Gloucester.

Many composers at that time were priests, but Dunstaple was not, although he had connections with St Albans Abbey.  He was probably married.
During his life he was not just known as a composer but also as an astronomer, astrologer, and mathematician.

He died on Christmas Eve 1453, and was buried in the church of St Stephen Walbrook in London which was later destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666.

Music and influence
We hardly have any original manuscripts of Dunstaple’s music.  England was a very musical country at the time, but almost all that music was destroyed between 1536 and 1540 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries when Henry VIII was ruling.  Most of Dunstaple’s works which survive were works which were found on the continent, mostly in north Italy.  This shows that he must have been famous throughout Europe.  He influenced  Dufay and Binchois.  The Flemish composer and music theorist Tinctoris wrote in 1476 that he was the most important musician of new music which had started in England.

Dunstaple was one of the first to compose masses using one melody as cantus firmus.   He wrote many carols (religious songs), but we do not know which ones are by him because he did not sign his name to them.  He wrote secular music, but it has been lost.

References
groves music online

1390 births
1453 deaths
Astrologers
British esotericists
English composers
Renaissance composers
The equal sign, equals sign, or "=" is a mathematical symbol used to indicate equality. It looks like two parallel horizontal lines. The equals sign is placed between the things stated to be exactly equal or the same. Computers display the equals sign with the Unicode or ASCII character 003D (in hexadecimal).

Similar symbols 
The symbol used to say when items are not equal is "≠" (slashed equal sign). 

There are several symbols that can be used to say items are "approximately the same," "similar to" or "about equal." Some of these symbols include:

 "≈" (two tildes or wavy lines, often used for "approximately equal")
 "⩰" (two tildes above two lines)
 "≅" (one tilde above two lines, often used in modular arithmetic to state a congruence relation)
 "≃" (one tilde above one line)
 "~" (one wavy line, often used for mathematical relations)
 "≐" (two lines with a dot above them, often used for "is defined as")
 "≡" (three lines, often used for equivalence)

Each of these symbols has more than one possible meaning, and are all used to state that two things are about equal (or equivalent in some way).

Related pages 

 Equality (mathematics)
 List of mathematical symbols

References 

Mathematical notation
The Crimean War (1853–1856), also called  the Eastern War (), was fought between the Russian Empire against the French Empire, the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of Sardinia and the Ottoman Empire. Most of the fighting, including the Battle of Balaclava, happened in Crimea, but some of it was what is now western Turkey and around the Baltic Sea. 

The Crimean War is sometimes called the first "modern" war since its weaponry and tactics were used for the first time and affected all later wars. It was also the first war to use a telegraph to give information to a newspaper quickly.

Background
The Ottoman Empire was declining by the mid-1800s. The war started after the Ottoman Empire decided that France, not Russia, had the right to protect Christians in the Holy Land near the area of modern-day Israel. 

Russia sent an army to take part of Ottoman Romania and so the British and the French allies sent an army and a navy to help the Ottomans. When the allies got to their camp in Gallipoli, Russia retreated and so the allies decided instead to take back Crimea, where Russia had its naval base. Russia had taken Crimea from the Ottoman Empire in an earlier war.

Results 
The Allies won the war in Crimea but gave it back to Russia in return for Russia giving back other places and promising not to have a navy on the Black Sea. 

The Crimean War was a very important point in the history of warfare since new weapons were used. It was also the first war to be reported by the press via photography and journalists. Another very important factor was that it was the first war with real field hospitals, which were started by Florence Nightingale.

After it lost the war, Russia decided to make changes, including increasing its development of weaponry and ending serfdom in 1861.

Related pages
 Florence Nightingale

References

Other websites 

 Austria Chronology Crimean War 
 France Chronology Crimean War 
 Great Britain Chronology Crimean War 
 Italy Chronology Crimean War 
 Russia Chronology Crimean War 
 Turkey Chronology Crimean War 

Wars involving Russia
Wars involving the United Kingdom
Wars involving France
1853
1854
1855
Homophobia is the fear or poor treatment of homosexuals. The word was created in the 1960s by a psychologist named George Weinberg. The word "homophobia" is often used together with the word "transphobia" in documents explaining human rights violation of LGBT people by United Nations and Council of Europe.

There are events to stop homophobia, like the "gay pride parades" and "International Day Against Homophobia" on May 17. It was first celebrated on 17 May 2005 in more than 40 countries. Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Colombia have developed mass media campaigns against homophobia since 2002. In some places, it is illegal to treat people badly because they are homosexual, and it is a hate crime to hurt them for that reason. Laws against such discrimination have been made in several countries. Internationally, the Declaration of Montreal and the Yogyakarta Principles were adopted in 2006.

Successful strategies to prevent homophobic prejudice and bullying in schools have included teaching students about historical figures who were gay, or who suffered discrimination because of their sexuality. A person who is homophobic may be called a homophobe. 

Homophobia is often related to heterosexism, the belief that sex and love between men and women is better than other types of sex and love. Such as sex between two men or sex between two women.

Related pages
"Adam and Steve" (anti-gay slogan)
Gay bashing
Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD)
Heteronormativity
Yogyakarta Principles

References 

LGBT
Hatred
Discrimination
Tickling is to lightly touch, scratch, or rub a person or animal to make them laugh. For most people, it causes pleasure and happiness whereas others hate it. Tickle spots are feet, armpits, and sides of stomach.

Tickling yourself
It is believed by many that tickling yourself is very hard and by some that it is nearly impossible. Research shows that the brain notices and senses our movements and actions. This lets the brain prepare itself when we try to tickle ourselves. The unexpected senses are then cancelled by our brain, so we do not feel the reaction we would have if someone else tickled us when we least expected it.

Unlike others, some people in the world know how to tickle themselves. This is because they know the tickling spots in their body and are able to use other objects to tickle themselves. For example, they can use a piece of tissue and rub it against their stomach to tickle themselves. Tickling may be relaxing, but may also be painful.

Other websites

 Telegraph (UK) Article on "robot tickling experiment"
 Boston Globe Online - Why are some people not ticklish?
 Article 'Is it possible for someone to be tickled to death?' from The Straight Dope

Everyday life
The English Springer Spaniel is a dog breed used as hunting dogs to retrieve animals. It is one of many spaniel breeds. They are clever and cheerful. Their coat can be brown and white, black and white, or have tan spots. They look like their cousins, the Welsh Springer Spaniel and Cocker Spaniel. Common colors include black, brown and white.

References 

Spaniels
Izanami is a goddess of both creation and death in Japanese mythology. She is said to have died giving birth to one of her children {who Izanagi killed due to the grief of losing his beloved} and was sent to Yomi, the land of the dead. Izanagi, her husband, came down to Yomi to bring her back to earth. While she Izanami was in Yomi, she felt hungry and ate the fruit. After eating the fruit, she turned into one of the undead, a rotting, maggot-infested pile of flesh. When Izanagi arrived, she would not step out from the shadows and told her husband to go back to earth. Izanagi tried to persuade her to come back with him and she agreed if she could take a rest in her bedchambers, forbidding Izanagi to enter. Izanagi, anxious to return to earth, snuck into her chambers and, taking his comb from his hair, lit it on fire, showing him her rotting body. Izanami woke up and seeing him, became enraged. Izanagi fled from the underworld and sealed the way with a giant rock. Izanami then became known as the Shinigami, the goddess of death. Izanami vowed to kill 1,000 people everyday, and Izanagi vowed to create 1500 every day.

Related pages
Persephone
Eurydice
Eve

Japanese mythology