cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Stuxnet is cyber weapon and computer worm. It was used to sabotage Iran’s nuclear program with what would seem like a long series of unfortunate accidents. It was first released in 2006. It became known only after the release of the second version. In 2010, an error in the code led the virus to spread outside the test labs and infect computers around the world.

Both the United States and Israel have been accused of developing and releasing Stuxnet. In 2012 the US confirmed that it developed Stuxnet with Israel.

Stuxnet targets PLCs. They control machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or centrifuges for separating nuclear material. Stuxnet works by targeting machines using the Microsoft Windows operating system and networks. It then looks for Siemens Step7 software. Stuxnet reportedly compromised Iranian PLCs, collecting information on industrial systems and causing the fast-spinning centrifuges to tear themselves apart. Stuxnet reportedly ruined almost one-fifth of Iran's nuclear centrifuges.

Stuxnet is typically introduced to the target environment via an infected USB flash drive. The worm then spreads across the network, scanning for Siemens Step7 software on computers controlling a PLC. If it doesn't find a target, Stuxnet becomes dormant inside the computer.

Stuxnet is special for different reasons:
 It used flaws of the operating system Microsoft Windows which were not known to many people at the time.
 It used stolen digital signatures to install the rootkit.
 The authors had in-depth knowledge of the process visualization system WinCC, which is used to monitor and control technical processes, using the Simatic S7 industrial controller
 It uses another rootkit to infect the computers which ruin the control and monitoring software for the industrial board

Even though it targeted PLCs only very few were infected. The software is written to infect a specific set of PLC, with well-defined modules. In the case of a personal computer, it will infect any computer running the right software.

References 

Computer networking
King Kong is a fictional giant gorilla monster movie character, resembling a huge gorilla. The character first appeared in the 1933 film King Kong and the novel by Delos W. Lovelace. The movie is a classic adventure-fantasy horror monster movie franchise. The film was remade in 1976 and once again in 2005. The character has become one of the world's most famous movie icons. Kong has inspired countless spin-offs, comic books, team ups with other monsters and more. There was even a stage play. His role in the different movies varies, ranging from a rampaging monster to a vegetarian or anti-hero monster who only wants to be left alone. other animated films include, The Mighty Kong, Kong: King of Atlantis and Kong: Return to the Jungle. television series include, The King Kong Show, Kong: The Animated Series, Kong: King of the Apes, Skull Island: The Series. other influences of those films, Unknown Island (1948),  Mighty Joe Young (1949/1998), Konga (1961), Shikari (1963), The Mighty Gorga (1969), Ape (1976), Queen Kong (1976), Goliathon (1977), Yeti: Giant of the 20th Century (1977), King of The Lost World (2005), The Abominable (2007), Bigfoot (2012), Rampage (2018), Konga TNT (2020), Ape Vs. Monster (2021).

Live-action movies
 King Kong (1933)
 Son of Kong (1934)                                            
 King Kong vs. Godzilla (1962)
 King Kong Escapes (1967)
 King Kong (1976)
 King Kong Lives (1986)
 King Kong (2005)
 Kong: Skull Island (2017)
 Godzilla vs. Kong (2021)

References

Other websites

American adventure movies
Monster movies
Fictional animals
Fictional characters introduced in the 1930s

Monsters
Horror movie characters
Hurricane is the tenth studio album by Jamaican singer Grace Jones. It was released on November 3, 2008. Hurricane was her first album of new songs in nineteen years.

Information
Grace Jones' previous album, Bulletproof Heart, was released in 1989. She tried to make several new albums in the 1990s but they were never released. Jones decided "never to do an album again".

Track listing

Original release

Hurricane – Dub

Personnel

 Wally Badarou - keyboards
 Mikey Chung - guitar
 Neil Comber - mix assistance
 Cameron Craig - sound engineering, mix engineering
 Jonathan de Villiers - photography
 Don-E - keyboards, backing vocals
 Sly Dunbar - drum kit, programming
 Brian Eno - production, keyboards, backing vocals
 Richard Flack - sound engineering
 Antony Genn - production, arrangements, keyboards, backing vocals
 Paulo Goude - keyboards, marimba, backing vocals
 Adam Green - guitar
 Ivor Guest - production, programming, mix engineering, arrangements, keyboards
 Ladonna Harley-Peters - backing vocals

 Sharlene Hector - backing vocals
 Tom Hingston - artwork design
 Will Johnstone - sound engineering
 Grace Jones - lead vocals, backing vocals, production
 Bob Ludwig - mastering
 Steve Pelluet - sound engineering
 Barry Reynolds - guitar
 Leopold Ross - guitar
 Robbie Shakespeare - bass guitar
 Philip Sheppard - arrangements, conducting
 Martin Slattery - piano, organ
 Uziah Thompson - percussion
 Bruce Woolley - co-production, keyboards, backing vocals
 Will Worsley - sound engineering

Companies
Phonographic Copyright (p) – PIAS / Wall Of Sound Ltd.  
Copyright (c) – Bloodlight Inc. 
Recorded at – Exponential studios 
Recorded at - Microcosm studios 
Recorded at – 2 Kilohertz  
Recorded at – Matrix studios, London 
Mixed at – Strongroom (a division of Air Studios (Lyndhurst) Ltd.) 
Mixed at – Microcosm studios 
Mastered at – Gateway Mastering

Album notes
"Well Well Well is dedicated to the memory of Alex Sadkin 
The album is dedicated to the memory of my dad, Bishop Robert W. Jones"

Chart performance

Release history

References

Other websites
 Hurricane on Allmusic
 Hurricane on Discogs
 Hurricane on Rate Your Music

2008 albums
Grace Jones albums
Dance albums
Reggae albums
R&B albums
Template may mean:
 Template, a stencil, pattern or overlay used in graphic arts (drawing, painting, etc.) and sewing to replicate letters, shapes or designs
 a pre-developed page layout in electronic or paper media used to make new pages with a similar design, pattern, or style
 in a press release, a predefined letter which retains its primary intent when individually customised with variable data or text

Computer science and information technology 
 Template (file format), a standardized non-executable file type used by computer software as a pre-formatted example on which to base other files, especially documents
 Template (C++), a tool for generic programming especially in the C++ language
 Template metaprogramming, a programming technique used by a compiler to generate temporary source code
 Template method, an object-oriented design pattern
 Template processor, a system that combines a template with data to produce an output.
 Template (word processing),  a standard document containing layout and styles used to configure word processing software
 Style sheet (web development) or master page on which you can globally edit and format graphic elements and text common to each page of a document
 Web template or web template system, a master page used to produce web pages
 A main document from which mail merge documents are created

Manufacturing 
 Mechanical template, used to cut and shape a product, such as:
 a die (manufacturing)
 a mold

Molecular genetics 
 a strand of DNA which sets the genetic sequence of new strands
 a strand of RNA which translates genes into proteins

Other uses 
 Template (racing), a device used in car racing to ensure that the body of the race vehicle adheres to specifications
 Template (novel), a novel by Matthew Hughes
Hassan El Fad (born 24 November 1962, in Casablanca) is a Moroccan actor and comedian. He is known for his humor and comedy shows. He has a gift in playing the saxophone. 

His first one-man show was "When I grow up, I'll be a Ninja Turtle (1997)". after the success of his first one man show, he specialized in doing comic serial shows such as; "chaine Ci BiBi/Chanily Tv","Canal 36". In 2008 El fad presented a new one -man show "Docteur Escargot (Doctor Snail)".

References

1962 births
Living people
Comedians
Moroccan actors
People from Casablanca
The Ultimate Collection is a 3 disc CD collection of songs recorded by Jamaican singer Grace Jones. It was released on November 13, 2006 by Universal Music Group.

Track listing
Disc 1 
 "La Vie en rose" - 7:29
 "Send in the Clowns" - 7:35
 "I Need a Man" - 3:24
 "Do or Die" - 6:29
 "All on a Summers Night" - 4:14
 "Fame" - 5:34
 "Am I Ever Gonna Fall in Love in New York City" - 5:27
 "Don't Mess with the Messer" - 4:53
 "Sinning" - 5:06
 "Saved" - 5:00
 "Private Life" - 6:18
 "Love Is the Drug" - 8:41
 "Warm Leatherette" - 5:37

Disc 2 
 "The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game" - 6:45
 "I've Seen That Face Before" - 4:29
 "Pull Up to the Bumper" - 4:42
 "Nightclubbing" - 5:05
 "Walking in the Rain" - 4:20
 "Demolition Man" - 4:03
 "Nipple to the Bottle" - 5:57
 "The Apple Stretching" - 7:08
 "Inspiration" - 4:35
 "My Jamaican Guy" - 6:02
 "Slave to the Rhythm" - 6:13
 "I'm Not Perfect (But I'm Perfect for You)" - 3:59
 "Victor Should Have Been a Jazz Musician" - 4:44
 "Love on Top of Love" - 6:16

Disc 3 
 "Pars" (Long Version) - 5:42
 "Private Life" (Dub Version) - 8:06
 "Use Me" (Long Version) - 6:11
 "She's Lost Control" (Long Version) - 8:25
 "Nipple to the Bottle" (12" Version) - 6:54
 "My Jamaican Guy" (12" Version) - 7:02
 "Ring of Fire" (Demo) - 3:58
 "Man Around the House" - 4:13
 "Living My Life" - 3:33
 "Slave to the Rhythm" (Hot Blooded Version) - 8:19
 "Sex Drive" - 3:58

References

Other websites
 The Ultimate Collection on Discogs
 The Ultimate Collection on Rate Your Music

2006 albums
Greatest hits albums
Grace Jones albums
Disco albums
Reggae albums
R&B albums
The Grace Jones Story is a collection of songs recorded by Jamaican singer Grace Jones, recorded from 1977 to 1993. The collection does not include any tracks from 1985 Slave to the Rhythm album due to licensing issues with ZTT Records.

Track listing 
Disc One
 "That's the Trouble" (Grace Jones, Pierre Papadiamandis) - 3:39
 "I Need a Man" (Pierre Papadiamandis, Paul Adrian Slade) - 3:24
 "La Vie en rose" (Édith Piaf, Louis Guglielmi, Mack David) - 7:28
 "Send in the Clowns" (Stephen Sondheim) - 7:35
 "What I Did for Love" (Marvin Hamlisch, Edward Kleban) - 5:17
 "Do or Die" (Jack Robinson, James Bolden) - 3:22
 "Fame" (Jack Robinson, Gil Slavin) - 5:36
 "Am I Ever Gonna Fall in Love in New York City" (Jack Robinson, Vivienne Savoie Robinson, James Bolden) - 5:28
 "Don't Mess with the Messer" (Grace Jones, Pierre Papadiamandis) - 4:52
 "Sinning" (Grace Jones, Pierre Papadiamandis) - 5:06
 "Saved" (Jack Robinson, James Bolden, Vivienne Savoie Robinson) - 5:01
 "Warm Leatherette" (Daniel Miller) - 4:29
 "Love Is the Drug" (Bryan Ferry, Andy Mackay) - 7:11
 "The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game" (Smokey Robinson) - 3:48

Disc Two
 "Private Life" (Chrissie Hynde) - 5:13
 "She's Lost Control" (Bernard Dickin, Peter Hook, Stephen Morris, Ian Curtis) - 8:23
 "Pull Up to the Bumper" (Kookoo Baya, Grace Jones, Dana Mano) - 3:41
 "Walking in the Rain" (Harry Vanda, George Young) - 4:20
 "Use Me" (Bill Withers) - 5:05
 "Nightclubbing" (David Bowie, Iggy Pop) - 5:06
 "I've Seen That Face Before (Libertango)" (Ástor Piazzolla, Barry Reynolds, Dennis Wilkey, Nathalie Delon) - 4:30
 "My Jamaican Guy" (Grace Jones) - 6:01
 "The Apple Stretching" (Melvin Van Peebles) - 7:10
 "Nipple to the Bottle" (Grace Jones, Sly Dunbar) - 5:53
 "I'm Not Perfect" (Grace Jones, Bruce Woolley) - 3:59
 "Love on Top of Love" (David Cole, Grace Jones) - 6:16
 "Someone to Love" (Grace Jones, Chris Stanley) - 4:49
 "Sex Drive" (Sheep on Drugs) - 4:00

References

Other websites
 The Grace Jones Story on Rate Your Music

2006 albums
Greatest hits albums
Grace Jones albums
Funk albums
Reggae albums
R&B albums
Private Life: The Compass Point Sessions is a collection of songs by Grace Jones released in 1998 by Island Records. The two disc CD has songs that were recorded during 1980-1982, during Jones' reggae era.

Track listing
Disc One
 "Private Life" (Long Version) – 6:17
 "Private Life" (Dub Version) – 8:04
 "Love Is the Drug" (Long Version) – 8:38
 "Breakdown" – 5:29
 "Warm Leatherette" (Long Version) – 5:35
 "The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game" (Long Version) – 6:44
 "I've Done It Again" – 3:50
 "Pars" (Long Version) – 5:41
 "Pull Up to the Bumper" – 4:33
 "Use Me" (Long Version) – 6:10
 "She's Lost Control" (Long Version) – 8:23
 "She's Lost Control" (Dub Version) – 8:38

Disc Two
 "Walking in the Rain" – 4:28
 "Cry Now, Laugh Later" – 5:01
 "Nightclubbing" – 5:04
 "The Apple Stretching" – 7:05
 "Nipple to the Bottle" (12" Version) – 6:54
 "My Jamaican Guy" (12" Version) – 7:01
 "Feel Up" – 4:02
 "I've Seen That Face Before (Libertango)" – 4:30
 "Demolition Man" (Long Version) – 4:56
 "Unlimited Capacity for Love" – 5:44
 "Ring of Fire" (Demo) – 3:56
 "Man Around the House" – 4:12
 "Living My Life" (7" Version) – 3:31
 "Slave to the Rhythm" (Hot Blooded Version) – 8:18

Chart performance

References

Other websites
 Private Life: The Compass Point Sessions on Allmusic
 Private Life: The Compass Point Sessions on Discogs
 Private Life: The Compass Point Sessions on Rate Your Music

1998 albums
Greatest hits albums
Grace Jones albums
Reggae albums
R&B albums
Bleed Like Me is the fourth studio album recorded and produced by alternative rock group Garbage. It was released on April 11, 2005 by Universal Music Group label Geffen in North America and by Warner Bros. Records elsewhere. The group chose a straight rock sound that was like Garbage's live performances.

The first recording sessions for Bleed Like Me took place in March 2003. But Garbage quietly split up for four months starting October 2003. They reunited under producer John King in Los Angeles. There was a guest appearance by Dave Grohl on "Bad Boyfriend". Garbage recruited drummer Matt Walker and bassist Justin Meldal-Johnsen for new recording sessions. They completed the album by the end of 2004.

The band received critical praise and high chart positions for its lead single "Why Do You Love Me". Bleed Like Me had a strong opening week globally. It debuted in the top five in eight countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States.

Certifications

References 

2005 albums
Robert Patrick "Bob" Casey, Jr. (born April 13, 1960) is an American attorney and politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He serves as the senior United States Senator from Pennsylvania, in office since 2007. He previously served as Pennsylvania Auditor General from 1997 to 2005 and as Pennsylvania Treasurer from 2005 to 2007.

References

Other websites

Senator Robert P. Casey, Jr. official U.S. Senate site
Bob Casey for Senate

1960 births
Living people
United States senators from Pennsylvania
US Democratic Party politicians
People from Scranton, Pennsylvania
Edgefield is a village in Red River Parish, Louisiana, United States.

Villages in Red River Parish, Louisiana
Martin is a village in Red River Parish, Louisiana, United States.

Villages in Red River Parish, Louisiana
Hall Summit is a village in Red River Parish, Louisiana, United States.

Villages in Red River Parish, Louisiana
The front of a boat is called the bow, while the rear of a boat is called the stern. When looking towards the bow (while on the boat), the left-hand side of the boat is the port side. Starboard is the corresponding word for the right side of a boat.

Parts of a Boat: Boating Terminology 

Port and starboard are nautical terms for left and right, respectively. Port is the left-hand side of or direction from a vessel, facing forward. Starboard is the right-hand side, facing forward. Since port and starboard never change, they are clear references that do not depend on which way the observer is facing.

History 
The term starboard comes from the Old English steorbord, meaning the side on which the ship is steered. Before ships had rudders on their center-lines, they were steered with a steering oar at the stern of the ship. Because more people are right-handed it was placed on the right-hand side. The term is similar to the Old Norse stýri (rudder) and borð (side of a ship). Since the steering oar was on the right side of the boat, it would tie up at wharf on the other side. For this reason the left side was called port.  

Formerly larboard was used instead of port. This is from Middle English ladebord and the term lade is related to the modern load. Larboard sounded very similar to starboard and in 1844 the Royal Navy ordered that port be used instead. Larboard continued to be used well into the 1850s by whalers. In Old English the word was bæcbord, which is used in other European languages, for example as the German backbord and the French term bâbord (derived in turn from Middle Dutch).

Navigational lights  

At night, the port side of a boat or aircraft is indicated by a red navigation light at the bow. The opposite side of the bow has a green one to help avoid collisions. The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea state that a ship on the left must give way to a ship on its right. If the courses of two boats are intersecting, the helmsman usually gives way to a red light by going around the stern of the stand-on vessel (the vessel that does not need to change course). A saying for this is:
"If to starboard red appear, 
'tis your duty to keep clear... 
Green to green, red to red 
perfect safety, go ahead."

References

Other websites 

 Port and Starboard, Left or Right?
 The Origin of Port and Starboard
Terminology
Ships
Evidence that is beyond a reasonable doubt is the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction in most adversarial legal systems. Generally, the prosecutor has the burden of proof and is required to prove their case to this standard. This means that the version of events being presented by the prosecution must be proven to the extent that there could be no "reasonable doubt" in the mind of a "reasonable person" that the defendant is guilty. There can still be a doubt, but only to the extent that it would not affect a reasonable person's belief regarding whether or not the defendant is guilty. Beyond "the shadow of a doubt" is sometimes used interchangeably with beyond reasonable doubt. But this term extends beyond the latter, to the extent that it may be considered an impossible standard. The term "reasonable doubt" is most commonly used.

If doubt does affect a "reasonable person's" belief that the defendant is guilty, then the jury is not satisfied beyond "reasonable doubt".  The precise meaning of words such as "reasonable" and "doubt" are usually defined within jurisprudence of the applicable country.  A related idea is William Blackstone's formulation: "It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer".

References 

Law
Legal terms
This is a list of lakes of Azerbaijan.

The list includes only natural lakes. Artificial lakes such as reservoirs are not in this list. The Caspian Sea, which is the largest lake on Earth by both area and volume and which borders Azerbaijan on the east, is also not in this list.

There are around 450 lakes in Azerbaijan. All of them are small in area and volume. There are only 5 lakes with a surface area of more than . Most of these lakes are fresh water, but some of them are salt lakes. Some of these lakes were formed by tectonics, landslides, rivers (oxbow lake), and lagoons. In the mountainous areas, the lakes were formed by tectonics, landslides and glaciers (glacial lake).

Lakes

References

 
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan-related lists
The adversarial system or adversary system is a legal system used in the common law countries. It is a system where two advocates represent their parties' positions before an impartial person or group of people. This is usually a jury or judge who attempt to determine the truth of the case. It is in contrast to the inquisitorial system used in some civil law systems (i.e. those deriving from Roman law or the Napoleonic code). This is where a judge or group of judges opens an official inquiry and decides the case.

The adversarial system is the two-part system under which criminal law courts operate. On one side is the prosecution who usually represents the government. The other side is the defense who represents the defendant. Each party may call witnesses and ask questions. Each party may present evidence based on legal ethics and that is approved by the court. For example, legal ethics prevent a lawyer from calling a witness they know will lie on the witness stand. Justice is served when the most effective adversary is able to convince the jury or judge that his or her case is the correct one.

References 

Law
Legal terms
Michael Hugh Meacher (4 November 1939 – 20 October 2015) was a British Labour politician and academic. He was a lecturer in social administration at the University of Essex and the University of York. 

He was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1970 until his death, originally for Oldham West and then from 1997 for Oldham West and Royton.

Other websites
Michael Meacher's weblog

Column archive at The Guardian
Column archive at New Statesman
Articles
Profile: Michael Meacher, BBC News, June 2003
This war on terrorism is bogus - Michael Meacher MP, 6 September 2003
The Big Ask More information about the Climate Change EDM
Videos
Michael Meacher and Andreas Von Bülow express their serious doubts about 9/11
Video: Meacher says US allowed 9/11 to happen 

1939 births
2015 deaths
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Civil servants
Politicians from Hertfordshire
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
Statutes of limitations are laws passed by a legislative body in common law systems that set the maximum time after an event when a lawsuit may be filed. In civil law systems, similar provisions are typically part of their civil or criminal codes and known collectively as periods of prescription. When the period of time specified in a statute of limitations passes, the statute of limitations provides an absolute defense to the legal claim.

The intention of these laws is to make sure legal cases are brought to trial in a reasonable length of time.

A statute of limitations restricts when a case may be filed, but is not a deadline for the completion of a case. If a case is filed during the period specified in the statute of limitations, the case may be heard and decided by the court even after that period expires.

Civil lawsuits
The statute of limitations is determined by the cause of action, and different causes of action may have different limitations period even within the same state or country. The limitations period may be extended to ensure fairness to the parties, for example, if the person making the claim was a minor at the time the legal claim arose, or if the defendant committed a wrongful act to conceal the legal claim from the injured plaintiff.

Typically the statute of limitations must be raised by the defense after a lawsuit is filed. If the defense does not claim that the legal action is barred by the statute of limitations, a court may find that the defense has been waived and allow a late-filed lawsuit to continue.

Criminal prosecution
When a statute of limitations expires (runs out) in a criminal case, if the defendant or judge raises a statute of limitations defense, the person can no longer be placed on trial for that cause. In many cases the statute of limitations is jurisdictional, so that a defendant can get a dismissal of a charge even if the defense is not raised, but in some cases the defendant risks waiving the statute of limitations defense if it is not raised before conviction.

References 

Law
Legal terms
George Joseph "Mike" Kelly, Jr. (born May 10, 1948), is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. He has been the U.S. Representative for  since 2011.

References

Other websites
 Congressman Mike Kelly official U.S. House site
 Mike Kelly for Congress
 
 
 

1948 births
Living people
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
Politicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
US Republican Party politicians
Under the law, a cause of action is a set of facts sufficient to justify a right to sue to  obtain money, property, or the enforcement of a right against another party. It means literally the cause or reason why a party can make a legal case under the law. The term also refers to the legal theory upon which a plaintiff brings a lawsuit (such as breach of contract, battery, or false imprisonment). The legal document which carries a claim is often called a Statement of Claim in English law, or a Complaint in U.S. federal practice and in many U.S. states. A complaint identifies the court's jurisdiction, the alleged facts and the relief the plaintiff wants. It can be any communication notifying the party to whom it is addressed of an alleged fault which resulted in damages. This is often expressed in amount of money the receiving party should pay or reimburse.

Filing 
To pursue a cause of action, a plaintiff pleads or alleges facts in a complaint, the pleading that starts a lawsuit. A cause of action generally includes both the legal theory (the legal wrong the plaintiff claims to have suffered) and the remedy (the relief a court is asked to grant).  Often the facts or circumstances that allow a person to seek judicial relief may create multiple causes of action. Although it is fairly easy to file a Statement of Claim in most jurisdictions. If it is not done properly, then the filing party may lose his case due to simple technicalities.

There are a number of specific causes of action, including: contract-based actions, statutory causes of action, torts such as assault, battery, invasion of privacy and fraud. The points a plaintiff must prove to win a given type of case are called the "elements" of that cause of action.  For example, for a claim of negligence, the elements are: the (existence of a) duty, breach (of that duty), proximate cause (legal cause), and damages.  If a complaint does not allege facts sufficient to support every element of a claim, the court, upon motion by the opposing party, may dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim for which relief can be granted.

Responding 
The defendant to a cause of action must file an "Answer" to the complaint in which the claims can be admitted or denied. The answer may also contain counterclaims in which the "Counterclaim Plaintiff" states its own causes of action. Finally, the answer may contain affirmative defenses. Most defenses must be raised at the first possible opportunity. Either in the answer or by motion or are considered to be waived.

References

Other websites 
 causes of action, Federal Practices Manual

Law
Legal terms
Narayani ( is one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, located in the central south of the country. It is named after the Narayani River which is situated on the western border of the zone.

Geography 

Narayani occupies parts of the Terai, Inner Terai, and Hill regions of Nepal, but it doesn't cover any of the Mountain or Himalayan region. Narayani is rich in flora and fauna. Narayani River and Rapti River are the main rivers of Narayani zone. Bisharari and Garuda laked are some of the few lakes in Narayani.

Narayani is divided into five districts:

History

Economy 
Narayani is the third largest industrial area of the country.

Important cities and towns 
Some important cities and towns are Birganj, Parwanipur, Jitpur, Alau, Hetauda, Bharatpur, Narayanghat, Kalaiya, and Gaur.

Related pages
Development Regions of Nepal
Zones of Nepal
Districts of Nepal

References

Zones of Nepal
Marion County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2010 census, the county's population was 903,393. The county seat is Indianapolis, the state capital and largest city.

Cities
 Beech Grove
 Indianapolis
 Lawrence
 Southport

Towns
 Clermont
 Crows Nest
 Cumberland
 Homecroft
 Meridian Hills
 N. Crows Nest
 Rocky Ripple
 Speedway
 Spring Hill
 Warren Park
 West Newton
 Williams Creek
 Wynnedale

References

Indiana counties
1822 establishments in Indiana
Nederland is a city in Jefferson County, Texas, United States. The population was 17,547 at the 2010 census.

The city was settled in 1897 along what is now Boston Avenue. It was incorporated in 1940. It was settled by Dutch immigrants on land sold by the Kansas City Southern railroad. It is part of the Beaumont−Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area. Nederland is also a part of an area known as "the Golden Triangle," which includes Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange. The city is next to the Jack Brooks Regional Airport in Port Arthur, which serves the nearby cities of Beaumont and Port Arthur.

Geography
Nederland is located at  (29.973113, -93.996715).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which,  of it is land and 0.18% is water.

It is about  east of Houston.

History
Nederland was founded in 1897 by Dutch settlers as a repayment for financial services of Dutch bankers who financed the Kansas City Southern railroad line that runs through the center of the city.

Nederland's early economy was driven by rice and dairy farming. However, the depression of 1907 and overproduction caused the rice industry in the town to fail.

Government

City government 
The City of Nederland completed a new $1.3 million City Hall building at 207 N. 12th street in September 2013.  The  previously City Hall was shared with Police and Fire services and received a $3.6 million upgrade for Police and Fire services only and is the Homer E. Nagel Public Safety Complex. The safety complex was completed in August 2014.

Nederland has a council-manager system of government.

Current city officials are:

References 

Cities in Texas
1897 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in Texas
Frank Watkins (February 19, 1968  – October 18, 2015) was an American heavy metal musician. He was best known as the bass player for the death metal band Obituary. He also played for the Norwegian black metal band Gorgoroth from 2007 until his death in 2015. He was known by the stage name "Bøddel" during his time with Gorgoroth.

He started playing music when he was 12 years old. He joined Obituary in 1989. Other than music, Watkins decided to form a management company called Back From the Dead Productions which tries to help bands create a positive career in the music business. Watkins joined Gorgoroth in December 2007. He debuted with Gorgoroth at the Hole in the Sky festival on August 29, 2009.

In 2012, Watkins was diagnosed with primary central nervous system lymphoma. On October 18, 2015, Watkins died after a long battle with cancer.

References

1968 births
2015 deaths
American bass guitarists
American heavy metal musicians
American rock guitarists
Deaths from cancer
Disney Television Animation (DTVA) is the television animation production arm of the Disney Channels Worldwide.  It creates, develops, and produces animated television series, films, specials and other projects.

This part of the company was started in 1984, as the Walt Disney Pictures Television Animation Group.  This was part of a reorganization of The Walt Disney Company after Michael Eisner became CEO.  The name was changed twice before 2011, when it became Disney Television Animation.

References 

Disney companies
American animation studios
1984 establishments in California
East of England was a constituency of the European Parliament. It currently elects 7 MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

Boundaries 
The constituency was in-charge to the East of England region of the United Kingdom, comprising the ceremonial counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk.

History
It was formed as a result of the European Parliamentary Elections Act 1999, replacing a number of single-member constituencies.

1999 establishments in England
Constituencies in the United Kingdom
East of England
French Americans  (French: Américain français), also called Franco-Americans (French: Franco-Américain) are Americans who identify themselves to be of French or French Canadian descent. About 11.8 million U.S. residents are of French or French Canadian descent. About 2 million speak French at home. An additional 750,000 U.S. residents speak a French-based creole language, according to the 2011 census.

Americans of French descent make up a substantial percentage of the American population. However French Americans are less visible than other similarly sized ethnic groups. This is due in part to the high degree of assimilation among Huguenot (French Protestant) settlers. Also, there is a tendency of French American groups to identify more strongly with "New World" regional identities. These include Québécois, French Canadian, Acadian, Cajun, or Louisiana Creole. This has prevented the development of a wider French American identity.

References

Other websites
 Extensive studies, Documents, Statistics and Resources of Franco American History
 Franco American Women's Institute
 Institut français 
 Dave Martucci, Franco-American flags, in Flags of the World
Vivre en Orange County  - French Community in Orange County, California
Bonjour L.A. !- Bonjour L.A. ! Los Angeles with a French touch
Council for the Development of French in Louisiana - a state agency.
Oral History of French Canadians in Franklin County, New York and of a small sawmill and logging community in the Northern New York State populated by French Canadians

Ethnic groups in the United States
Toni Brunner (born 23 August 1974) is a Swiss politician. He is a member of the Swiss National Council. He was born in Wattwil.

1974 births
Swiss politicians
Living people
South Brunswick, New Jersey is a township of New Jersey.

History
South Brunswick Township was created by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the community was mostly agricultural. It was named after the city of Braunschweig (called Brunswick in the Low German language), in the state of Lower Saxony, in Germany.

Geography 
According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2010, South Brunswick had a total area of 41.039 square miles (106.290 km2). This included 40.648 square miles (105.278 km2) of land and 0.391 square miles (1.012 km2) of water (0.95%).

Unincorporated areas in South Brunswick Township include:
 Dayton (2010 Census population of 7,063)
 Heathcote (5,821)
 Kendall Park (9,339)
 Kingston (1,222)
 Monmouth Junction (2,887)

Demographics 
At the 2010 United States Census, there were 43,417 people living in South Brunswick.

Transportation 

South Brunswick hosts U.S. Route 1, U.S. Route 130, Route 27, Route 32, and Interstate 95 (the New Jersey Turnpike).

References

Townships in New Jersey
Middlesex County, New Jersey
1798 establishments in the United States
1790s establishments in New Jersey
The Mini Estadi (English: Mini Stadium) is the home stadium of FC Barcelona B, the reserve team of FC Barcelona. It is in Barcelona, Spain. It can hold 15,276 people. It also hosts games for the FC Barcelona women's team.

Related pages
 Camp Nou
 FC Barcelona
 Barcelona

References 

Football stadiums in Spain
Buildings and structures in Barcelona
Criminal procedure refers to the rules that determine how the courts will process a criminal trial. While criminal procedure differs by jurisdiction, the process generally begins with a formal criminal charge and results in the conviction or acquittal of the defendant.

Basic rights
Many countries have a democratic system and use the rule of law. There are a number of common principles. In a criminal case the burden of proof is on the prosecution. That means it is up to the prosecution to prove that the defendant is guilty beyond any reasonable doubt. This is opposed to having the defendant prove he or she is innocent. It also means any doubt is resolved in favor of the defendant. This provision is known as the presumption of innocence. If charged with a felony, defendants have the following basic rights: 
 The right to be informed about the crime for which the person is being arrested.
 The right to legal counsel.

References

Other websites 
 Code of Criminal Procedure

Law
Legal terms
"I'm a Believer" is a ballad. It was composed by Neil Diamond. It was recorded by The Monkees in 1966. The single hit #1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. It remained there for seven weeks.

Smash Mouth and Eddie Murphy did covers of the song in 2001. In 1985, singer Barbara Mandrell did her version.

References

Rock songs
Pop songs
1966 songs
Shrek music
Garfield is a fictional character. He is from the comic strip Garfield created by Jim Davis. Garfield is portrayed as a lazy and cynical orange cat. He loves lasagna and coffee. He hates Mondays, Nermal, and raisins.

Character

Fictional biography
Garfield was born on June 19, 1978. From the moment he was born, he has loved lasagna. In almost every cartoon appearance, Garfield causes mischief. He did that in almost every episode of Garfield and Friends (1988-1995).

Name
Garfield was named after Jim Davis' grandfather, James Garfield Davis, who in turn was named after US President James A. Garfield.

References 

Animated characters
Fictional cats
In criminal trials, the insanity defense is the claim that the defendant is not responsible for his or her actions due to a mental illness. People who have been determined to be insane have been exempt from full criminal punishment since the Code of Hammurabi. There are different definitions of legal insanity in different jurisdictions. A finding of insanity usually results in the defendant being confined in a mental health facility instead of a prison. The first to use this defense was Daniel Sickles when he killed his wife's lover Francis Barton Key (son of Francis Scott Key) in 1859.

Application 
In the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the United States, use of the insanity defense is rare. However, insanity pleas have steadily increased in the UK.  Mitigating factors, including things not eligible for the insanity defense like intoxication (or, more frequently, diminished capacity), may lead to reduced charges or reduced sentences. 

The question of who bears the burden of proof is an issue in the United States. Before the John Hinckley, Jr. trial the burden of proof rested with the government in most states. Afterwards many of these states required the defense to prove the defendant was legally insane. Where the state still bears the burden of proof, the standard for the prosecution is beyond a reasonable doubt. Where the defense bears the burden, the standard is preponderance of the evidence (a lower standard).

Expert testimony 
The insanity defense is based on evaluations by forensic mental health professionals with the appropriate test according to the jurisdiction. Their testimony guides the jury (or judge in a bench trial). But they may not testify to the defendant's criminal responsibility. This is for the jury or judge to decide. Mental health experts may testify as to whether at the time of the crime the defendant understood what he did was wrong. If the defendant were acting under a delusion at the time and could still determine right from wrong, he is not insane and may be punished.

References

Other websites 
 Insanity Defense - Insanity defense statistics, Problems with NGRI, Guilty but mentally ill
 Other Notorious Insanity Cases

Law
Legal terms
Mental illnesses
Arbitration, a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), is a way of resolving disputes outside the courts. Litigation can be expensive, time-consuming and unpredictable. With arbitration the parties to a dispute agree to have the disagreement decided by a neutral third party. More often this is a panel of three arbitrators. Each party suggests one, then both arbitrators agree on a third arbitrator. The decision is the result of a majority vote.

Arbitration (hearing) 
Arbitration includes an agreement in advance by both parties to comply with the decision of the arbitrator(s). The process includes a hearing in which both parties may be heard. The arbitrator(s) reviews the evidence in the case and makes a decision. One that is legally binding on both sides and enforceable in the courts.

Mediation 
Another form of alternative dispute resolution is mediation. Mediation and arbitration both use neutral third parties. For that reason they are sometimes confused. One difference is that a mediator does not make any decisions. Instead the mediator works towards getting both parties to agree. Unlike Arbitration, there is usually only one mediator. Another difference is that mediation is usually non-binding. Mediation is used more often in smaller disputes or when the matter is kept confidential. In some jurisdictions, mediation is required before a case can come to court.

References

Other websites 
 Mediation vs. Arbitration vs. Litigation: What's the Difference?, FindLaw

Law
Legal terms
Martin Ingerman (March 9, 1936 – October 21, 2015), known professionally as Marty Ingels, was an American actor, comedian, comedy, sketch writer, theatrical agent. He was known for his role in the 1960s television series I'm Dickens, He's Fenster. He also voiced many cartoon characters and commercials, such as Pac-Man in the Hanna-Barbera cartoon of the same name.

Ingels was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He began his career in 1958. He was previously married to Jean Marie Frassinxlli from 1964 until their divorce in 1966. He then married actress Shirley Jones in 1977. Ingels died from a massive stroke at Tarzana Medical Center in Tarzana, Los Angeles, on October 21, 2015, at the age of 79.

References

Other websites
 
 C.A. Rejects Age Bias Suit Over Exclusion From Radio Talk Show
 An Interview with Marty Ingels Part One, June 2012
 An Interview with Marty Ingels Part Two, June 2012
 An Interview with Marty Ingels Part Three, July 2012
 Marty Ingels(Aveleyman)

1936 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Brooklyn
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
Comedians from New York City
Deaths from stroke
Mark Murphy (March 14, 1932 – October 22, 2015) was an American jazz singer. He was born in Syracuse, New York, but spent most of his life in New Jersey. 

He was won the 1996, 1997, 2000, and 2001 Down Beat magazine readers jazz poll for Best Male Vocalist of the Year. During his career, he had six Grammy award nominations for Best Vocal Jazz Performance. He was also known for his original lyrics to the jazz classics "Stolen Moments" and "Red Clay".

Murphy died on October 22, 2015 in Englewood, New Jersey, aged 83.

References

Other websites
All About Jazz

1932 births
2015 deaths
American jazz singers
American jazz musicians
Singers from New York
Musicians from New York
Singers from New Jersey
Musicians from New Jersey
People from Syracuse, New York
Willem "Wim" Aantjes (; 16 January 1923 – 22 October 2015) was a Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He served as a Member of the House of Representatives from 26 May 1959 until 7 November 1978.

During World War II Aantjes became a member of the Germanic SS in order to escape forced labor. However, he refused participating in SS activities and was therefore imprisoned in a prison camp.

During his early political career, he was a member for the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and from 1977 as a dual member for the CDA. He served as the Parliamentary leader of the Anti-Revolutionary Party in the House of Representatives from 22 June 1971 until 30 November 1972 when Barend Biesheuvel the Party leader of the Anti-Revolutionary Party served as Prime Minister.

He served again as the Parliamentary leader from 19 December 1977 until 7 November 1978 when he resigned both his positions because of relevations of what happened in World War II.

Aantjes died in Utrecht, Netherlands at the age of 92.

References

Other websites

  Mr. W. (Wim) Aantjes Parlement.com

1923 births
2015 deaths
Anti-Revolutionary Party politicians
Christian Democratic Appeal politicians
Dutch Calvinists
Dutch civil servants
Dutch jurists
Dutch people of World War II
Dutch trade unionists
Former leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Politicians from South Holland
SS people
Marshawn Lynch (born April 22, 1986) is an American football running back. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Buffalo Bills and Seattle Seahawks. He was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the first round of the 2007 NFL Draft. His aggressive running style has earned him the name "Beast Mode".

Early life
Marshawn grew up in Oakland, California with his three siblings and his mother. His mother had to work multiple jobs in order to keep the family moving. Lynch's family had a history of being athletes, such as his mother, who had been a very good sprinter at the high school that Marshawn was attending at the time (Oakland Technical High School). Lynch played many different positions during high school, including Defensive Back, Quarterback, Wide Receiver, and Linebacker.

References
http://www.jockbio.com/Bios/M_Lynch/M_Lynch_bio.html  

1986 births
Buffalo Bills players
Seattle Seahawks players
African American players of American football
American football running backs
Sportspeople from Oakland, California
Sportspeople from Berkeley, California
Living people
Mario Beccaria (18 June 1920 – 22 November 2003) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Christian Democracy Party. He served as mayor of his city and as member of the Chamber of Deputies.

Beccaria died on 22 November 2003, aged 83. In Sant'Angelo Lodigiano it has been dedicated a street to him.

References

Other websites

1920 births
2003 deaths
Civil servants
People from Lombardy
Politicians from Lombardy
Hurricane Patricia of 2015 was the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Western Hemisphere. The storm was headed for western Mexico. Its winds grew to Category 5 level and reached 215 mph. 

Patricia had the highest hurricane winds since Hurricane Linda in 1997.

On April 25, 2016, the name Patricia was retired and replaced with Pamela.

References

Patricia
2015 in weather
2010s in Mexico
Typhoon Vera, also called the Isewan Typhoon, was a super typhoon that struck Japan in September 1959. It was the strongest and deadliest typhoon ever in the country. It was also a severe setback to the Japanese economy (Japan was still recovering from World War II). Vera's wind speed was . 

It was given the name "Vera" by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. It caused extensive damage to Ise Bay (Isewan in Japanese) which is why it is called the Isewan Typhoon in Japan. Overall damage from the storm was ¥600 million. More than 5,000 people lost their lives in the typhoon.

References

1959
Tropical cyclones in Asia
1950s in Asia
20th century in Japan