cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The President of the Republic of Hungary (, államelnök, or államfő) is the head of state of Hungary. The office has a largely ceremonial (figurehead) role. The president may also veto legislation or send legislation to the Constitutional Court for review. 

Most other executive powers, such as selecting Government ministers and leading legislative initiatives, are given in the office of the Prime Minister instead. 

The current President of the Republic is János Áder, who took office on 10 May 2012.

List of presidents (since 1989)
Parties

Living former presidents 
There are three living former Hungarian presidents:

Other websites
 Official Website
Traill County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 8,121 people lived there. The county seat is Hillsboro. More people live in Mayville than live in any other city in the county.

North Dakota counties
Walsh County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 11,119 people lived there. The county seat is Grafton.

North Dakota counties
Sioux County is a county found in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 4,153 people lived there. The county seat is Fort Yates.

North Dakota counties
László Sólyom (, ; born 3 January 1942) is a Hungarian politician, lawyer, and librarian. He was the President of Hungary from 2005 until 2010.

References

1942 births
Living people
Presidents of Hungary
Sargent County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 3,829 people lived there. The county seat is Forman.

North Dakota counties
Pál Schmitt (; born  1942) is a Hungarian Olympic fencer and politician. He was President of Hungary from 2010 to 2012.

Schmitt was a fencer and won two gold medals at the Summer Olympics. Schmitt was elected as President of Hungary in a 263 to 59 vote in the Parliament of Hungary in 2010. He was sworn in as President on  2010.

On 2 April 2012, Schmitt announced to the Hungarian Parliament his resignation as President, following the outbreak of a controversy surrounding his 1992 doctoral dissertation.

References

1942 births
Living people
Presidents of Hungary
Hungarian sportspeople
Olympic gold medalists
Sheridan County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 1,321 people lived there. The county seat is McClusky.

North Dakota counties
Steele County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 1,975 people lived there. The county was founded in 1883 and named for businessman Edward H. Steele. The county seat is Finley.

References 

1880s establishments in North Dakota
1883 establishments in the United States
North Dakota counties
Towner County is a county in North Dakota in the United States. As of the 2010 census, 2,246 people lived there. The county seat is Cando.

North Dakota counties
Wells County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 4,207 people lived there. The county seat is Fessenden.

North Dakota counties
Sindelfingen is an German town in Baden-Württemberg, near Stuttgart. As of 31 December 2017, the town has about 64,500 people lived there.

References

Other websites 

 www.sindelfingen.de
Howie Hawkins (born December 8, 1952) is an American politician, perennial candidate and political activist. He is a member of the Green Party of the United States. He is a co-founder of the party.

Hawkins was New York's Green Party candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2006. In 2010, Hawkins ran as the Green Party's candidate for Governor of New York. In 2014, Hawkins ran again for campaign for Governor of New York. Hawkins ran for Governor of New York in 2018 as well.

On April 3, 2019, Hawkins created an exploratory committee for a possible presidential bid for the 2020 election. On May 28, 2019, Hawkins formally launched his campaign. In June 2020, he became the presumptive nominee for the Green Party nomination. He lost the election to former Vice President Joe Biden.

On November 9, 2020, Hawkins announced his candidacy for the Green Party presidential nomination in the 2024 election.

References

1952 births
Living people
2020 United States presidential candidates
American political activists
American political commentators
Politicians from San Francisco
Politicians from New York
People from Syracuse, New York
Green Party of the United States politicians
Rabbi Yechiel Eckstein (July 11, 1951 – February 6, 2019) was an American-Israeli rabbi and philanthropist. He was born in Manhattan, New York but was raised in Ottawa, Canada. He was known as the founder and president of the International Fellowship of Christians and Jews, which is headquartered in Chicago and Jerusalem.

Eckstein held dual citizenship in the U.S. and Israel, having become an Israeli citizen in 2002.

Eckstein lived in Chicago and in Jerusalem. He died of a heart attack in Jerusalem on February 6, 2019, aged 67.

References

1951 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Naturalized citizens of Israel
American rabbis
Israeli rabbis
American philanthropists
People from Ottawa
Businesspeople from New York City
Businesspeople from Chicago
People from Jerusalem
Linden is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Rusk is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. 

 was 5,551 at the 2010 census.[6]

Rusk, Texas

City

Confederate Monument at Cherokee County Courthouse in Rusk

Motto(s): 

"The Heart of East Texas"

Location of Rusk, Texas

Coordinates: 31°47′54″N 95°9′0″WCountryUnited StatesStateTexasCountyCherokeeArea

[1]

 • Total7.26 sq mi (18.80 km2) • Land7.23 sq mi (18.73 km2) • Water0.03 sq mi (0.07 km2)Elevation

518 ft (158 m)Population

 (2010)

 • Total5,551 • Estimate 

(2019)[2]

5,602 • Density774.61/sq mi (299.07/km2)Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST)) • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)ZIP code

75785

Area code(s)430, 903 (903 Exchange: 683)FIPS code48-63848[3]GNIS feature ID1375860[4]WebsiteCity website

Contents

History

The town was established by an act of the Texas legislature on April 11, 1846. It was named after Thomas Jefferson Rusk, signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence.[7] By 1850, Rusk reportedly had 355 residents. A post office was authorized on March 8, 1847.

The city of Rusk is no longer dry; a beer and wine local option election passed on May 9, 2009

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Cabaret is an American musical movie. It was directed by Bob Fosse. The movie was released in 1972.

Cast 

 Liza Minnelli as Sally Bowles
 Michael York as Brian Roberts
 Joel Grey as Master of Ceremonies

Other websites 
 Cabaret on IMDb
 Cabaret on Rotten Tomatoes

1972 movies
1970s musical movies
American musical movies
Movies directed by Bob Fosse
Movies set in the 1930s
American LGBT movies
1970s LGBT movies
English-language movies
The War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748) involved most countries in Europe. It was fought over Archduchess Maria Theresa's succession to the Habsburg Monarchy. The war included other events such as King George's War in British America, the War of Jenkins' Ear (which formally began on 23 October 1739), the First Carnatic War in India, the Jacobite rising of 1745 in Scotland, and the First and Second Silesian Wars.

Maria Theresa was not allowed to succeed to the various crowns of her father, Charles VI, because Salic law would not let a woman inherit them. That gave an opportunity for France and Prussia, joined by Bavaria, to challenge Habsburg power. Maria Theresa was supported by Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, Sardinia, and Saxony.

Spain had been at war with Britain over colonies and trade since 1739 to re-establish its influence in northern Italy. Austria had taken control of northern Italy because of the War of the Spanish Succession in the early 18th century.

The war ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748. Maria Theresa was confirmed as Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary, but Prussia kept control of Silesia. The peace did not last, however, because of Austria's desire to recapture Silesia and the political upheaval in Europe, and soon came the Seven Years' War (1756–1763).

Wars involving Europe
History of Austria
Qutub Minar () is a minaret. It forms a part of the Qutab complex. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Mehrauli, Delhi, India. Qutub Minar is  tall. It has five storeys. It gets narrower from bottom to top. It is  in diameter at the ground. It is  in diameter at the top. A spiral staircase rises 379 steps to twas top inside.It was started to built by Qutubuddin Aibak. It was finished by Iltutamish but when tughlaqs came the top most storey broken. Then firoz shah tughlaq repaired it.

Related pages 
 Qutb-ud-din Aibak

Notes

References 

World Heritage Sites in India
Islamic culture
Mosques in India
Rosamunde Pilcher, OBE (née Scott; 22 September 1924 – 6 February 2019) was a British writer. She wrote many short-stories and 28 romance novels and mainstream women's fiction from 1949 to 2000.  Early in her career she was also published under the pen name Jane Fraser. Her best known work was The Shell Seekers. Pilcher was born in Lelant, Cornwall.

Pilcher died on 6 February 2019 from a stroke at the age of 94.

References

1924 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from stroke
British novelists
People from Cornwall
Gumelar is a village in Karangkobar, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia.

Villages in Indonesia
Java
Sansepolcro, formerly Borgo Santo Sepolcro, is an Italian city. Sansepolcro is in the Tuscany Region. As of 31 December 2014, 16,012 people live there.

Cities in Tuscany
Frank Robinson (August 31, 1935 – February 7, 2019) was an American professional baseball outfielder and manager. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for five teams from 1956 to 1976. He became the only player to win the MLB Most Valuable Player Award in both the National League and American League. 

Robinson played for the Cincinnati Reds, Baltimore Orioles, Los Angeles Dodgers, California Angels and the Cleveland Indians.

Robinson was a member of two teams that won the World Series (the 1966 and 1970 Baltimore Orioles). Robinson was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982.

Robinson was the first black manager in MLB history. He managed the Cleveland Indians during the last two years of his playing career. He went on to manage the San Francisco Giants, the Baltimore Orioles, and the Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals. He was the honorary President of the American League.

President George W. Bush awarded Robinson the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 9, 2005.

Robinson was born in Beaumont, Texas. He studied at Xavier University. Robinson died on February 7, 2019 in Los Angeles, California from bone cancer, aged 83.

References

Other websites

Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
1935 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from bone cancer
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Cincinnati Reds players
Baltimore Orioles players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
California Angels players
Cleveland Indians players
Washington Nationals
San Francisco Giants
African-American baseball players
Sportspeople from Texas
Robert Arthur Moog ( ; May 23, 1934 – August 21, 2005) was an American engineer. He was born in New York City. He was known for his works with electronic music. He was the founder of Moog Music and the inventor of the first commercial synthesizer, the Moog synthesizer.

Moog died in Asheville, North Carolina on August 21, 2005 from glioblastoma, a rare form of brain cancer, aged 71.

References

Other websites

 Moog Music — official website
 The Bob Moog Memorial Foundation for Electronic Music
 Robert Moog discography at Discogs

1934 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from glioblastoma
Engineers from New York
Scientists from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
Walter Beaman Jones Jr. (February 10, 1943 – February 10, 2019) was an American politician. He was the U.S. Representative for  from 1995 to 2019. He was a Republican. 

Jones's father was Walter B. Jones Sr., a Democratic Party congressman from the neighboring 1st district.

Jones became well known for leading the effort to have french fries renamed "freedom fries" in House cafeteria menus as a protest against French opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

In July 2018, Jones began to miss votes due his amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In December 2018, he was given a leave of absence for the remainder of the session. In January 2019, he broke his hip. On January 26, 2019, his wife said that he is under hospice care. Jones Jr. died on his 76th birthday in Greenville, North Carolina from complications of the broken hip and ALS.

References

Other websites
 Congressman Walter Jones  official U.S. House site
 Walter Jones for Congress
 
 
 

1943 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from fractured hip
Deaths from motor neurone disease
United States representatives from North Carolina
US Republican Party politicians
Sole is a flatfish belonging to several families. Generally speaking, they are  members of the family Soleidae.

Outside Europe, the name sole is also given to various other similar flatfish, especially other members of the sole suborder Soleoidei as well as members of the flounder family, the Pleuronectidae. 

In European cookery, the common or Dover sole Solea solea, is often simply called the sole. It is the most widely available, and often thought to be the best.

References 

Fish
August Zaleski (13 September 1883 – 7 April 1972) was a Polish economist, politician, and diplomat. Twice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, he was the 6th President of Poland within the 2nd Polish Government in Exile from 9 June 1947 until 7 April 1972.

Other websites 

 Biography 

1883 births
1972 deaths
Presidents of Poland
Polish economists
Polish historians
Ambassadors of Poland
Writers from Warsaw
Freemasons
Anti-Communists
The Hero Group is a Swiss food company that sells baby food, jam, milks and healthy snacks. It is headquartered in Lenzburg, Aargau, Switzerland. It was founded in 1886.

Other websites 
 www.hero-group.ch – Official website 

19th-century establishments in Switzerland
1886 establishments in Europe
Food companies of Switzerland
Aargau
Feldschlösschen is a brewery, located in Rheinfelden. It is the largest brewery in Switzerland. The company also sells other beverages. Feldschlösschen is currently owned by Carlsberg.

Other websites 

 Official website

Food companies of Switzerland
Beer
Aargau
Rick "Rocky" Lockridge (January 10, 1959 – February 7, 2019) was an American professional boxer. He was best known for having handed Roger Mayweather his first defeat—a first-round knockout in just 98 seconds—earning him the WBA and lineal super featherweight titles. He later won the IBF super featherweight title.

Lockridge had drug problems. He became homeless and suffered a stroke which forced him to walk with a cane. He was featured on A&E's Intervention TV series. Lockridge to broke down crying in the show and that scene became the internet meme "Best Cry Ever".

Lockridge died on February 7, 2019 at the age of 60 from a stroke in Gloucester City, New Jersey.

References

1959 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New Jersey
American boxers
Internet celebrities
Sportspeople from Washington
People from Tacoma, Washington
Edwin Ronald Barnes (6 February 1935 – 6 February 2019) was an English Roman Catholic priest and a former Church of England bishop. He was born in Oxford and the Anglican Bishop of Richborough from 1995 to 2002. He was the president of the Church Union.

References

1935 births
2019 deaths
Anglican bishops
Anglican priests
English Anglicans
English priests
English Roman Catholics
People from Oxford
Roman Catholic priests
The specific weight (also known as the unit weight) is the weight per unit volume of a material.  The symbol of specific weight is γ (the Greek letter gamma).

A commonly used value is the specific weight of water on Earth at 4° Celsius, which is 9.807 kilonewton per meter cube.

SI units
Michael Kidd-Gilchrist was a professional basketball player who plays for the Charlotte Hornets.

Other websites 
Michael Kidd-Gilchrist at nbadraft.net

Basketball players
1993 births
Steven Siro Vai (born June 6, 1960) is an American guitarist, composer, singer, songwriter, and producer.

Vai has been described as a "highly individualistic player" and part of a generation of "heavy rock and metal virtuosi who came to the fore in the 1980s". Vai started his music career in 1978 at the age of eighteen as a transcriptionist for Frank Zappa,

References

Other websites 
 [www.vai.com Steve Vai's official homepage]

American musicians
1960 births
Living people
Frank Elliott Barnett (July 20, 1933 – July 15, 2016) was an American politician. He was the 49th Governor of American Samoa from October 1, 1976 until May 27, 1977.

Barnett died on July 15, 2016 at the age of 82.

References 

1933 births
2016 deaths
Governors of American Samoa
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Spies
Lawyers from Atlanta, Georgia
Politicians from Atlanta, Georgia
Politicians from Tennessee
People from Knoxville, Tennessee
US Republican Party politicians
Lieutenant Governors of American Samoa
Thannenkirch is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

Geography 
Thannenkirch is at an altitude of 468 m in foothill of the Taennchel Massif, 4 km from Ribeauvillé, 11 km from Sélestat and 17 km from Colmar. The village is also close to the Château du Haut-Koenigsbourg.

Related pages 
 Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

References 
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Ueberstrass (; ) is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

Sights 
 The church of Sainte-Thérèse-de-l'enfant-Jésus
 The chapel of Our Lady of Grunenwald
 The chapel of Saint-Jean, dating from the fifteenth century

Related pages 
 Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

References 
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Tomi Ungerer (born Jean-Thomas Ungerer; 28 November 1931 – 9 February 2019) was a French graphic artist and writer. Ungerer became known for his illustrations, and for writing childtren's books. Some of his illustrations and books were controversial.

Ungerer won the international Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1998.

Ungerer was born in 1931, in Strasbourg; he died on February 9, in Cork, aged 87.

References

1931 births
2019 deaths
French artists
French writers
Unbitrium (), also known as eka-protactinium or element 123, is the  possible chemical element in the periodic table that has the temporary symbol Ubt and has the atomic number 123. Calculations have shown that 326Ubt would be the most stable isotope. The closed neutron shells say that 307Ubt and 319Ubt would be the most stable isotopes. 

As of February 2021, no attempt has ever been made to make element 123.

Naming
The name unbitrium is a systematic element name, used as a placeholder until it is confirmed by other research groups and the IUPAC decides on a name. Usually, the name suggested by the discoverer(s) is chosen.

Synthesis

This reaction would create 307Ubt, which is expected to be relatively stable.

 +  →  + 3 n

Fictional reference to element 123 
In the fictional universe of Star Trek: The Next Generation, this element was seemingly discovered and named. The episode "Rascals" depicted a "trans-periodic table," in a schoolroom set, which depicted element number 123 as being named jamesium, symbol Rj, having an atomic weight of 326. The graphic was created by set artists, probably a homage to designer Richard D. James, and listed this element in the fictional "gamma series."

In the third episode of season one of the television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. element 123 is depicted 24 minutes in as the element Gravitonium, atomic weight 308

Related pages 
 unbibium – unbiquadium

References

Other websites 
WebElements.com - Unbitrium
Likely propeties of Unbitrium

Chemical elements
Nuclear physics
Unbipentium is a hypothetical (theoretical or imagined) element of the periodic table. It is also known as eka-neptunium.
The atomic number of this element is 125. It has the symbol Ubp. The name Unbipentium and the symbol Ubp are temporary IUPAC names. This name and symbol exist until a permanent name is decided. It is expected to be a g-block element and an superactinides. It is the sixth element in the eighth period of the periodic table.

The synthesis of unbipentium was first attempted in 1977 by bombarding a target of Americium-238 with zinc-65 ions at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany:
 243Am + 66,68Zn → 309,311Ubp
No atoms were identified.

References 

Periodic table
Chemical elements
Suhayl ibn Amr was originally an idolater in Mecca. He was involved in Hudaibiyah Agreement. Suhayl converted to Islam after the Muslim army led by Khalid bin al-Walid succeeded in the conquest of Mecca. He has also been involved in Yarmuk War against Rome.

References 

Converts to Islam
Sahaba
Pages with unreviewed translations
Romanization of Greek is a way to write the Greek language (either Ancient or Modern Greek) with the Roman alphabet. That can be done by mapping either letters (called transliteration) or sounds (called transcription. The Greek name Ἰωάννης can be transliterated as Johannes, which became John in Modern English. In Modern Greek, it is generally written Γιάννης, which transliterates to Yannis. The masculine Greek word Ἅγιος or Άγιος might variously appear as Hagiοs, Agios, Aghios or Ayios, or it might simply be translated as "Holy" or "Saint" in English forms of Greek placenames.

Traditional English renderings of Greek names originated from Roman systems that were established in antiquity. The Roman alphabet was a form of the Cumaean alphabet, which was itself developed from the Euboean script, which used  as ,  as , and variant forms of  and  that later became L and S. When the Euboean script was used to write the classical Greek alphabet, ⟨κ⟩ was replaced with ⟨c⟩, ⟨αι⟩ and ⟨οι⟩ became ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨œ⟩, and ⟨ει⟩ and ⟨ου⟩ were simplified to ⟨i⟩ (more rarely, corresponding to an earlier pronunciation, to ⟨e⟩) and ⟨u⟩. Aspirated consonants like ⟨θ⟩, ⟨φ⟩, initial-⟨ρ⟩, and ⟨χ⟩ simply wrote out the sound: ⟨th⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨rh⟩, and ⟨ch⟩. Because English orthography has changed so much from the original Greek, modern scholarly transliteration now usually renders ⟨κ⟩ as ⟨k⟩ and the diphthongs ⟨αι, οι, ει, ου⟩ as ⟨ai, oi, ei, ou⟩. Modern scholars also increasingly render ⟨χ⟩ as ⟨kh⟩. Greek sounds greatly changed, and Modern Greek sounds quite different from Ancient Greek. That also has had an influence on the terms used in English and other languages and had led to a number of different romanizations for names and placenames in the 19th and the 20th centuries. The Hellenic Organization for Standardization (ELOT) issued its system in co-operation with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1983. The system was adopted (with minor modifications) by the United Nations' Fifth Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names at Montreal in 1987, by the United Kingdom's Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use (PCGN) and by the United States' Board on Geographic Names (BGN) in 1996, and by the ISO itself in 1997. Romanization of names for official purposes, as with passports and identity cards, were required to use the ELOT system within Greece until 2011, when a legal decision permitted Greeks to use irregular forms (such as "Demetrios" for ) provided that official identification and documents also list the standard forms (as, for example, "Demetrios OR Dimitrios"). Other romanization systems are the BGN/PCGN's earlier 1962 system and the system employed by the American Library Association and the United States' Library of Congress.

References 

Greek
Greek language
Falmer Stadium, (sometimes called the American Express Community Stadium  or the Amex) is a football stadium in the village of Falmer, Sussex. It is the home of Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.. The stadium was finished on 31 May 2011. The first game played was the final game of the Sussex Senior Cup between Brighton and Eastbourne Borough on 16 July 2011.

References 

2011 establishments in England
Football stadiums in England
East Sussex
ITV Encore was a television channel which broadcasted in the United Kingdom.  The channel was available exclusively available on Sky Go.  It was launched on 9 June 2014 and closed on 1 May 2018.

References 

ITV
British television channels
Jerry Lamon Falwell Jr. (born June 17, 1962) is an American attorney and university administrator. He was the president of Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia. He was appointed in 2007 after the death of his father and resigned as president of Liberty University after a series of personal scandals. 

Falwell announced his endorsement for Donald Trump as Republican in the 2016 Presidential Election on January 26, 2016. That caused several Liberty University alumni and other Christians to become concerned that Falwell had "sold his soul." 

In an August 19, 2016 editorial in The Washington Post, Falwell compared Trump to Winston Churchill. He said: "We need a leader with qualities that resemble Winston Churchill. And I believe that leader is Donald Trump."

In August 2017, after the Unite the Right protests in which a counter-protester was killed, Falwell defended President Trump, saying that the President doesn't have "a racist bone in his body".

Falwell was born in Lynchburg, Virginia.

References

American conservatives
American Baptists
People from Lynchburg, Virginia
1962 births
Living people
Wayne Martin Messam (born June 7, 1974) is an American businessman and politician. He is the mayor of Miramar, Florida since 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Messam was first elected to the Miramar City Commission in 2011 before beating Mayor Lori Cohen Moseley in the 2015 election. Messam is also a general contractor and owner of a construction firm.

Messam has been seen as a possible candidate for President in the 2020 United States presidential election. On March 13, 2019, he announced the formation of an exploratory committee for a potential run. Messam announced his candidacy on March 28, 2019. Messam dropped out from the race on November 20, 2019 following low polling numbers, money raised and lack of qualification to any of the debates.

References

1974 births
Living people
2020 United States presidential candidates
American mayors
Businesspeople from Florida
Politicians from Florida
People from Miramar, Florida
US Democratic Party politicians
Zyklon B was the trade name of a pesticide invented in Germany in the early 1920s. It contains hydrogen cyanide as well as other chemicals. 

The product was used in Nazi Germany in gas chambers to kill Jews as part of the Holocaust, such as at Auschwitz and other extermination camps.

Hydrogen cyanide, present in Zyklon B,  is a poisonous gas that interferes with respiration in cells. The cyanide ion stops the cell from making ATP by binding into a protein involved in the reaction.

History 
Hydrogen cyanide had been discovered in the late 18th century and was usually used in California for the fumigation of citrus trees. In 1919, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schädlingsbekämpfung mbH (Degesch) was founded in Germany. This was a state-controlled group to investigate military uses of the chemical. The new product was marketed as a pesticide, Zyklon, but was soon banned as being similar to a mixture used in World War I as a weapon.

Zyklon B was recreated by Degesch, after Degesch came under new management, and eventually after achieving a patent, Walter Heerdt was named as its inventor.

It was used at U.S Customs facilities along the Mexican border to fumigate the clothes of border crossers.

References 

The Holocaust
Chemical warfare
Nazi Germany
Charging Bull is a sculpture in Bowling Green, Manhattan, New York City.  It was put there without permission by Arturo Di Modica in 1989 but because it was popular it stayed. The sculpture is supposed to represent financial optimism and prosperity.

History

Creation 
The bull was cast by Arturo Di Modica in the Bedi-Makky Art Foundry at a cost of about $360,000.  On 15 December 1989, Di Modica put the 3.5 ton statue under a Christmas tree on Broad Street, outside the New York Stock Exchange.

References 

Sculptures
Manhattan
Rachel Zegler (born May 3, 2001) is an Colombian-American singer and actress from Clifton, New Jersey. She is known for her role as Maria in the 2021 remake of West Side Story, which was directed by Steven Spielberg. She won a Golden Globe Award for this role in 2022.

Zegler has joined the cast of the 2023 movie Shazam! Fury of the Gods. She will play Snow White in a live-action version of the Disney animated movie.

Zegler has performed leading roles in school musicals, and local theaters even occasional work as a wedding singer. At 18, Zegler signed with ICM Partners.

References

Other websites 
 Rachel Zegler at IMDb
 Rachel Zegler on YouTube
 Rachel Zegler on Twitter
 Rachel Zegler on Instagram

2001 births
Actors from New Jersey
Singers from New Jersey
Living people
People from Hackensack, New Jersey
Golden Globe Award winning actors
American movie actors
American YouTubers
American pop musicians
American television actors
Musicians from New Jersey
Roman Catholics
Sony Pictures Entertainment, Inc., formerly Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group, is a movie production and distribution company owned by Sony Corporation, known for owning Columbia Pictures, TriStar Pictures, Screen Gems Pictures, Affirm Films, and other studios. The company makes movies, usually released under Columbia Pictures, as well as TV shows under its TV department Sony Pictures Television. Though the main operations are in the United States, Sony Pictures has many different divisions around the world, such as in Latin America, India and Japan. The company is now headquartered at the Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California.

History
Sony Corporation first got into the movie business after buying Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures in 1989, renaming the company that owned those two studios "Sony Pictures" in 1991. 

Sony Pictures eventually branched out and created other divisions, and even had a part of rival studio MGM at one point and making several James Bond movies with them. The company was hacked in 2014 by people who seemed to be from North Korea. The U.S. government thinks this was for making The Interview, a movie that made fun of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un.

Sony Pictures recovered after the hacking, making deals with Disney to share Spider-Man movies with Marvel Studios and Netflix to stream its movies and TV shows on there.

References

Movie studios
Sony
Playmobil is a toy brand which owned produced by the Brandstätter Group (Geobra Brandstätter GmbH & Co KG), headquartered in Zirndorf, Bavaria, Germany. It was founded in 1974 by German inventor Hans Beck.

Movies

Other websites 

 

1970s establishments in Germany
1974 establishments in Europe
Companies of Germany
Toys
Bavaria
Hornbach is a German DIY-store chain offering home improvement and do-it-yourself goods. The company was founded in 1977. It is headquartered in Bornheim (Pfalz), Germany.

Other websites 

 Official website

1970s establishments in Germany
1977 establishments in Europe
Companies of Germany
Rhineland-Palatinate
WarnerMedia (formerly Time Warner) is a multimedia company. It makes and distributes movies, music, books and other forms of entertainment. It owns Warner Bros. and New Line Cinema as filmed entertainment, Home Box Office, TBS, CNN, TNT and Cartoon Network as several television networks and HBO Max as the official streaming service of Warner Bros. Entertainment. in 2021, Discovery, Inc. is about to merge with WarnerMedia to form Warner Bros. Discovery.

1990 establishments in New York (state)
American entertainment companies
Companies based in New York City
Time Warner
The Green New Deal (GND) is the name of many proposed economic programs in the United States that would focus on economic inequality and climate change. It is named after Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal program from between 1933 and 1936.

U.S. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Senator Ed Markey released a 14-page document about the GND on 7 February 2019. They want to push the United States to using 100% renewable, zero-emission energy sources. Their plan would also address poverty in the U.S., and implement universal health care. The American Action Network estimated the plan would cost at least $1 trillion, and the document did not show where the money would specifically come from.

Support 

Jill Stein talked about the GND as early as 2012. The GND is officially in the Green Party USA's platform.

Organisations like 350.org, Greenpeace, Sierra Club, and Friends of the Earth support the GND proposal.

The GND is also supported by Democratic politicians Deb Haaland, Rashida Tlaib, Ilhan Omar, Antonio Delgado, John Lewis, Earl Blumenauer, Carolyn Maloney, and José Serrano.

Criticism 

U.S. President Donald Trump is against the idea of a Green New Deal. He said on Twitter: "I think it is very important for the Democrats to press forward with their Green New Deal. It would be great for the so-called “Carbon Footprint” to permanently eliminate all Planes, Cars, Cows, Oil, Gas & the Military - even if no other country would do the same. Brilliant!"

References 

Climate change
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
"The Red Room" is a short gothic story written in 1894 by H. G. Wells. It was first published in March 1896 in a magazine called The Idler. It is about a man who does not believe in ghosts and women who try to make him believe.

Other websites

British short stories
Trivago (stylized as trivago) is a Dutch company specializing in metasearch engine focusing on hotels. The company is incorporated in the Netherlands.

History 
The company was founded in Amsterdam, Netherlands, in January 2005.  The team developed Germany's first hotel search engine.

Initially, Trivago received €1 million from investors, including the Samwer brothers, Florian Heinemann, and Christian Vollmann. In 2007, Trivago received US$1.14 million in Series B funding from the British company HOWZAT media LLP. In December 2010, Trivago sold a quarter of the company for US$52.86 million to a US investment fund, Insight Venture Partners.

In 2013 Expedia, an American travel company, acquired a stake in Trivago for $632 million.

In December 2014, Trivago acquired mobile app product and development company Rheinfabrik.

In 2015, Trivago reported more than US$500 million in revenue.

In March 2016, Trivago announced Cloud-PMS company Base7booking aquiring.

On December 16, 2016, Trivago became publicly traded on the NASDAQ exchange under the ticker symbol TRVG.

In March 2020, after the pandemic COVID-19, sales had fallen by 95% compared to the previous year.

Now Trivago is headquartered in Düsseldorf. In 2013, Trivago opened offices in Leipzig and Palma de Mallorca. There are also offices in Amsterdam and Shanghai.

Business model 
Booking platforms, hoteliers and other providers list rates and advertise on the Trivago site, paying for the clicks received from Trivago users.

Products and features 

 Trivago app
 Trivago Hotel Manager
 Hotel Manager Pro
 Rate Connect
Trivago Rating Index (tRI)
Trivago Hotel Price Index (tHPI)

Marketing 
Trivago focuses on online marketing, public relations and brand marketing (TV). The company has its own ad brands - The "Trivago guy" and The "Trivago girl".

References

Other websites 

 Official website

2000s establishments in Germany
2005 establishments in Europe
Travel
Websites established in 2005
Companies of Germany
Düsseldorf
Companies listed on NASDAQ
Burton Albion Football Club is a professional football club based in the town of Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire, England. The team compete in League One, the third tier of English football. They were founded in 1950.

Other websites 

 Official website

1950s establishments in England
1950 establishments in Europe
English football clubs
Staffordshire
William Ashley Freehan (November 29, 1941 – August 19, 2021) was an American professional baseball player. He played his entire fifteen-year Major League Baseball career as a catcher for the Detroit Tigers in 1961 and again from 1963 to 1976. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.

Freehan was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in his later years. In October 2018, it was revealed that Freehan was in hospice care at his home in Michigan. He died on August 19, 2021 from the disease in Walloon Lake, Michigan at the age of 79.

References

Other websites

1941 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Detroit Tigers players
Sportspeople from Detroit, Michigan
The Rhaetian Railway (, , , ), abbreviated RhB, is a Swiss train company in Graubünden. It is headquartered in Chur.

Other websites 

 Rhaetian Railway website

World Heritage Sites in Italy
World Heritage Sites in Switzerland
Train operating companies
Transport in Italy
Transport companies of Switzerland
Graubünden
Lombardy
Robert Allan Caro (born October 30, 1935) is an American journalist and author. He is known for his biographies of United States political figures Robert Moses and Lyndon B. Johnson.

Famous works
Caro wrote The Power Broker (1974), a biography of New York urban planner Robert Moses. Iy was chosen by the Modern Library as one of the hundred greatest nonfiction books of the twentieth century. He has since written four of a planned five volumes of The Years of Lyndon Johnson (1982, 1990, 2002, 2012), a biography of the former president.

Awards
He has won two Pulitzer Prizes in Biography, two National Book Awards (including one for Lifetime Achievement), the Francis Parkman Prize, three National Book Critics Circle Awards, the H.L. Mencken Award, the Carr P. Collins Award from the Texas Institute of Letters, the D.B. Hardeman Prize, and a Gold Medal in Biography from the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

In 2010 President Barack Obama awarded Caro the National Humanities Medal.

Legacy
Caro's reputation for extreme research and detailed biographies, he is sometimes called by reviewers of other writers who are called "Caro-esque" for their own extensive research.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 
 
 In Depth interview with Caro, April 7, 2002
 C-SPAN Q&A interview with Caro about the writing of his fourth volume, January 4, 2009
 Part one of C-SPAN Q&A interview with Caro about the finished book, The Passage of Power, May 6, 2012
 Part two of C-SPAN Q&A interview with Caro about The Passage of Power, May 20, 2012

Pulitzer Prize winners
1935 births
Living people
American political writers
American political commentators
Journalists from New York City
Columbia University alumni
Jewish American writers
Princeton University alumni
Robert Moses (December 18, 1888 – July 29, 1981) was an American urban planner and politician. He worked mainly in the New York metropolitan area. He was known as the "master builder" of mid-20th century New York City, Long Island, Rockland County, and Westchester County. His works helped modernized and shape the Manhattan skyline.

From 1927 to 1929, Moses was the Secretary of State of New York. In 1934, he was the Republican nominee for Governor. He lost the election to Herbert H. Lehman.

Moses was born in New Haven, Connecticut. He studied at Yale University, Oxford University and at Columbia University. Moses died on July 29, 1981 in West Islip, New York from heart disease, aged 92.

References

1888 births
1981 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York City
American architects
Politicians from New Haven, Connecticut
Politicians from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
Businesspeople from New Haven, Connecticut
US Republican Party politicians
Bruno Messerli (17 September 1931 – 4 February 2019) was a Swiss geographer and university professor. He was born in Belp. He was known for his geographic high mountain research. He was appointed Full Professor of Geomorphology in 1968 by the University of Bern. He worked in teaching and research until his retirement in 1996.  

Messerli was known for his works for the inclusion of a mountain chapter in the Agenda 21.  

Messerli died on 4 February 2019 at the age of 87.

References

1931 births
2019 deaths
Swiss writers
Swiss scientists
European geographers
Swiss educators
Tilly van der Zwaard (18 January 1938 – 6 February 2019) was a Dutch middle distance runner. She was born in Leiden, the Netherlands. She participated in the 1962 European Athletics Championships in Belgrade where she won a bronze medal in the 400 m event.

Van der Zwaard twice represented her native country in the 400 m event at the Summer Olympics, in 1964 and 1968. Her best achievement was sixth place in 1964.
 
Van der Zwaard died in Edgewater, Florida on 6 February 2019 from complications of Alzheimer's disease, aged 81.

References

1938 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in Florida
Dutch Olympians
People from Leiden
Sportspeople from South Holland
Sprinters
Maria (also "Mariya" and "Marina") Leontievna Itkina (; ; 3 May 1932 – 1 December 2020) was a Soviet runner. She set multiple world records in many sprint events. She competed at the 1956 and 1960 and 1964 Olympics and finished four times in fourth place. Itkina held 17 Soviet sprint titles.

Itkina died in Minsk, Belarus on 1 December 2020 at the age of 88.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Soviet sportspeople
Olympians
Olli Lindholm (19 March 1964 – 12 February 2019) was a Finnish singer and guitarist. He was the lead singer of the renowned Finnish band Yö. He worked on a solo basis with his own four albums released on various labels including Maailma on kaunis in 2010 that peaked at number one on The Official Finnish Chart Suomen virallinen lista.

On 12 February 2019 Lindholm suddenly died following a seizure in Tampere, Finland, aged 54.

References

Finnish singers
Guitarists
1964 births
2019 deaths
Gaffney is a town in and the seat of Cherokee County, South Carolina, United States. Gaffney is known as the "Peach Capital of South Carolina". The population was 12,539 at the 2010 census.

References

Towns in South Carolina
County seats in South Carolina
Ricardo Eugênio Boechat (July 13, 1952 – February 11, 2019) was an Argentine-born Brazilian journalist and news anchor. He worked for newspapers such as O Globo, O Dia, O Estado de São Paulo and Jornal do Brasil.

Boechat won three Esso Journalism Awards. He entertained a weekly column at news magazine IstoÉ. In 2002, he authored the book Copacabana Place.

Boechat died in a helicopter crash on February 11, 2019, in São Paulo, Brazil at the age of 66.

References

1952 births
2019 deaths
Aviation deaths
Argentine writers
Brazilian writers
Brazilian journalists
People from Buenos Aires
Argentine journalists
Shelley Lubben (May 18, 1968 – February 9, 2019) was an American author, singer, motivational speaker, and pornographic actress. She was a pornographic actress who was known professionally as Roxy.

After she left the sex industry, Lubben became a born-again Christian and anti-pornography activist.

From 2008 to 2016, she was the Executive Director of the Pink Cross Foundation, which reaches out to women and men in pornography and speaks in public forums, sharing about the hazardous working conditions that she experienced in the porn industry.

In January 2016, she closed the Pink Cross Foundation. She was also an ordained Chaplain with the Order of Saint Martin with a degree in Theological studies.

Lubben was found dead on February 9, 2019 at her home in Springville, California from a suspected-drug overdose at the age of 50.

References

1968 births
2019 deaths
Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States
American pornographic actors
American activists
Singers from Pasadena, California
Writers from Pasadena, California
Actors from Pasadena, California
Springville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tulare County, California, United States.  934 people lived there at the 2010 census, down from 1,109 at the 2000 census.

Springville is at  (36.128378, -118.819001).

The 2010 United States Census reported that Springville had a population of 934.

References

Census-designated places in California
Settlements in Tulare County, California
Sir Robert Helpmann  (9 April 190928 September 1986) was an Australian dancer, actor, theatre director and choreographer. He was born in Mount Gambier, South Australia. Helpmann was known for his role as the Child Catcher in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang.

Helpmann died on 28 September 1986 in Sydney from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 77. He was given a state funeral.

In 1964, he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). In 1965, he was named Australian of the Year, and in 1968, he was made a Knight Bachelor.

References

1909 births
1986 deaths
Actors from South Australia
Australian movie actors
Australian stage actors
Dancers
Deaths from COPD
Disease-related deaths in Sydney
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Choreographers
Knights Bachelor
Paul Theodore Hellyer,  (6 August 1923 – 8 August 2021) was a Canadian engineer, politician, writer, and commentator. He was the longest serving member of the Privy Council of Canada. He was born in Waterford, Ontario.

Hellyer was a member of the Parliament of Canada from 1949 to 1957 and again from 1958 to 1974. He was Minister of National Defence from 1963 to 1967 and Minister of Transport from 1967 to 1969. 

Hellyer died on 8 August 2021 after falling at his Toronto home, just two days after his 98th birthday.

References

Other websites

1923 births
2021 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
Canadian engineers
Political commentators
Canadian scientists
Writers from Ontario
Politicians from Ontario
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Carmen Antimo Argenziano (October 27, 1943 – February 10, 2019) was an American actor. He was best known for playing Jacob Carter on Stargate SG-1. 

Argenziano also starred on Booker, L.A. Law, Melrose Place, and The Young and the Restless. He had a small role in The Godfather Part II and The Accused.

Argenziano died on February 10, 2019 in Los Angeles at the age of 75.

References

Other websites

Selmak.Org ~ Unofficial Fan Site

1943 births
2019 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Pennsylvania
Sharon is a city in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, in the United States,  northwest of Pittsburgh. It was the home of the Vocal Group Hall of Fame.

History
The Sharon area was first settled in 1795. It was made into a borough on October 6, 1841. It became a cite on December 17, 1918. The city operated under the Pennsylvania third-class city code until 2008. At that time, it adopted a home rule charter. The elected position of mayor was replaced with a hired city manager and financial officer.

The founding families of Sharon first settled on a flat plain bordering the Shenango River. It was between two hills on the southwestern edge of what is today Sharon's downtown business district. Local legend says the community got its name from from the Plain of Sharon in Israel.

At first, the economy of Sharon was based on coal mining. It changed to iron and steelmaking and other heavy industry. This happened  after the Erie Extension Canal was built in the 1840s. After  deindustrialization in the nation in the 1970s and '80s, the city's economy changed again. It is now based  on light industry, education, health care, and social services.

Before Prohibition in 1919, Sharon was home to a large beer brewery, Union Brewing Co. It was forced to close because of prohibition.

Sharon is the home of the original Quaker Steak & Lube. It  opened in 1974.  The Vocal Group Hall of Fame was created there. Other local attractions are The Winner off-price fashion store, Reyer's shoes, and Daffin's Candy.

References

Cities in Pennsylvania