cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Rödermark is a city in the Offenbach Rural District in the state of Hesse, Germany.

Geography 

Rödermark is in the Rhine Main area 35 km southeast of Frankfurt. The whole area of the town is 29.99 km2 large and it is 142 m above sea level. It is a plain area with nearly no hills.

About 35 to 20 million years ago in the age of tertiary the whole region was lying under sea level. At that time it was covered by an ocean which was warm and not very deep. Lots of sediments sank to its bottom. Then the region rose again and the water left, leaving soil which is mostly sandy and poor.

The town consists out of the 2 former independent villages Ober-Roden and Urberach. On 1 January 1977 they were united and became the municipality of Rödermark. On 23 August 1980 the town privileges were given to the municipality.

The city has 5 urban districts. These are Ober-Roden, Urberach, Waldacker, Messenhausen and Buhlau.

The ending -roden is a hint to the former landscape. The German verb roden means cutting down trees to cultivate land.

The neighbours of Rödermark are: 
 Dietzenbach (North)
 Rodgau (East)
 Eppertshausen and Messel (South)
 Dreieich (West)

Rödermark has 27,858 inhabitants (2008). 10.7% of the people living here are from foreign countries.

The climate of the town is mild. There is less rain than in other parts of Germany.

Some local people are speaking a regional type (dialect) of the German language with a certain tone and special words. It is a Hessian dialect (German: Hessisch). This language type is related to other dialects in the south of Germany. In former times mostly every village had its own special dialect, sometimes hard to understand for people of other parts of Germany. Today the dialect speakers are a minority and mostly it is no longer the dialect they speak but a kind of regular German with a certain pronunciation.

History 

The first settlements were build in the 8th century. At that time their names were written down in documents.

Formerly the people in the Rödermark area were farmers and craftsmen but not tradesmen. Every family had land to grow their food. When the property was handed to the next generation it was divided within the children. Therefore most families had only small farms and were poor. With the industrial revolution the Rhine Main area got lots of factories and developed to a center for metal working and leather manufacturing, also chemical processing. Many men got workmen and found a job in the factories and earned money. This increased living conditions partly.

Twinned cities 

  Tramin, Italy
  Saalfelden, Austria
  Bodajk, Hungary

References 

Offenbach (district)
The Pirate Bay (shortname:TPB) is a Swedish website that indexes Bit Torrent files. It was created by Gottfrid Svartholm, Fredrik Neij and Peter Sunde. The Pirate Bay is ranked as the 85th most popular website by Alexa. The Pirate Bay had to face many lawsuits and a raid in relation to copyright violations. It was shut down on December 9, 2014 by Swedish police, and came back online on January 31, 2015.
Also, it may risk your PC to get infected by a virus.

References

Other websites 
 

Websites
File sharing
Copyright
Heusenstamm is a city in the Offenbach Rural District in the state of Hesse, Germany.

Geography 

Heusenstamm is in the rhein main region 20 km southeast of Frankfurt. The whole area of the town is 19,03 km2 large and is 130 m above sea level. It is a plain area with no hills.

About 35 to 20 million years ago in the age of tertiary the whole region was lying under sea level. At that time it was covered by an ocean which was warm and not very deep. Lots of sediments sank to its bottom. Then the region rose again and the water left, leaving soil which is mostly sandy and poor.

The city consists out of 2 urban districts, the town of Heusenstamm and the former independent village, Rembrücken, which became on 1th of January 1977 part of Heusenstamm.

The neighbours of Heusenstamm are: 
* in the north Offenbach, 
* in the east Obertshausen and Rodgau, 
* in the south Dietzenbach and 
* in the west Dreieich.

Heusenstamm has 18,227 inhabitants (2008).

The climate of the town is mild. There is less rain than in other parts of Germany.

The local people are speaking a regional type (dialect) of the German language with a certain tone and special words. It is spoken in the south of Hesse, named hessisch. This language type is related to other dialects in the south of Germany. In former times mostly every place had its own special dialect, sometimes hard to understand for people of other parts of Germany. Today the dialect speakers are a minority and the majority of them does not speak the real dialect. They rather speak a kind of regular German with a certain pronunciation.

History 

In the 13th century the names of Heusenstamm and Rembrücken were written down in documents for the first time.

Formerly the people in the Heusenstamm area were mostly farmers and craftsmen but not tradesmen. Every family had land to grow their food. When the property was handed to the next generation it was divided within the children. Therefore, most families had only small farms and were poor. With the industrial revolution the rhein main region got lots of factories and developed to a center for metal working and leather manufacturing, also chemical processing. Many men got workmen and found a job in the factories and earned money. This increased living conditions partly.

Twinned cities 

  Saint-Savin, France
  Tonbridge, England
  Malle, Belgium
  Ladispoli, Italy

References

Other websites 

Official website of Heusenstamm

Offenbach (district)
Saint Catherine of Alexandria, also known as Saint Catherine of the Wheel and The Great Martyr Saint Catherine (Greek ) is a Christian saint and martyr. She is believed to have been a well-known scholar in the 4th century. In the 15th century it was claimed she had spoken to Joan of Arc. The Orthodox Church venerates her as a "great martyr", and in the Catholic Church she is traditionally revered as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers.

Catherine was the daughter of Costus, a pagan governor of Alexandria. She announced to her parents that she would only marry someone who was more beautiful, intelligent and rich than herself. In addition, that person needed to have a better social status than she had. Eventually, she discovered Christ. "His beauty was more radiant than the shining of the sun, His wisdom governed all creation, His riches were spread throughout all the world."

She was a martyr, because she died for her beliefs in God. According to legend, she was supposed to die on a breaking wheel, but the wheel broke as soon as she touched it, so her head was cut off instead. Because of this, her main symbol is the spiked wheel, which is known as a Catherine wheel. The Catholic Church of St. Catherine, one of the first Catholic churches built in Russia, was named after her.

Other websites 
 Pagbilao Church  - Saint Catherine of Alexandria Church
 Iconographical Themes in Art - Saint Catherine of Alexandria

References 

280s births
305 deaths
People from Alexandria
Christian saints
Seed plants are a group of plants. Gymnosperms and angiosperms form the group. Their seeds have three parts: (1) an embryo, (2) a supply of nutrients for the embryo, and (3) a seed coat. They are also called spermatophytes or phanerogams. The seed plants dominate almost all the environments on land.

The living spermatophytes form five groups: 

Cycads, a subtropical and tropical group of plants with a large crown of compound leaves and a stout trunk
Ginkgo, a single living species of tree
Conifers, cone-bearing trees and shrubs
Gnetophyta, woody plants in the genera Gnetum, Welwitschia, and Ephedra 
Angiosperms, the flowering plants, a large group including many familiar plants in a wide variety of habitats

The fossil seed ferns (Pteridospermatophyta) were one of the earliest successful groups of land plants, and forests dominated by seed ferns were prevalent in the Permian. Glossopteris was the most prominent tree genus in the ancient southern supercontinent of Gondwana during the Permian period. By the Triassic period, seed ferns had declined, (perhaps were extinct) and modern gymnosperm groups were abundant and dominant to the Upper Cretaceous, when angiosperms radiated.

Related pages 
Seed

Plant taxonomy
Seed plants
Dietzenbach is a city in the Offenbach Rural District in the state of Hesse, Germany. The town is also the capital of the Offenbach Rural District (Landkreis Offenbach)

Geography 

Dietzenbach is in the Rhine-Main area 25 km southeast of Frankfurt. The whole area of the town is 21,67 km2 large and it is 135 m above sea level. It is a plain area with nearly no hills.

About 35 to 20 million years ago in the age of tertiary the whole region was lying under sea level. At that time it was covered by an ocean which was warm and not very deep. Lots of sediments sank to its bottom. Then the region rose again and the water left, leaving soil which is mostly sandy and poor.

The city consists out of the urban districts Neue Stadtmitte, Spessartviertel, Altstadt, Steinberg, Hexenberg and Wingertsberg.

The neighbours of Dietzenbach are: 
 Heusenstamm (north)
 Rodgau (east)
 Rödermark (south)
 Dreieich (west)

Dietzenbach has 33,067 inhabitants (2008). About 30% of the people living here are from foreign countries. They come from many different nations.

The climate of the town is mild. There is less rain than in other parts of Germany.

Some local people are speaking a regional type (dialect) of the German language with a certain tone and special words. It is a Hessian dialect (German: Hessisch) and is spoken in the south of Hesse. This language type is related to other dialects in the south of Germany. In former times mostly every place had its own special dialect, sometimes hard to understand for people of other parts of Germany. Today the dialect speakers are a minority and the majority of them does not speak the real dialect. They rather speak a kind of regular German with a certain pronunciation.

History 

In the 13th century the name of Dietzenbach was written down in a document for the first time.

Formerly the people in the Dietzenbach area were mostly farmers and craftsmen but not tradesmen. Every family had land to grow their food. When the property was handed to the next generation it was divided within the children. Therefore most families had only small farms and were poor. With the industrial revolution the Rhine-Main area got lots of factories and developed to a center for metal working, leather manufacturing and chemical processing. Many men became workmen and found a job in the factories and earned money. This increased living conditions partly.

Twinned cities 

  Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
  Masaya, Nicaragua
  Rakovník, Czech Republic
  Neuhaus am Rennweg, Germany
  Oconomowoc, USA
  Kostjukovitschi, Belarus

References

Other websites 

Official website of Dietzenbach

Offenbach (district)
The octet rule is a general rule of thumb that applies to most atoms. It states that every atom might want to have eight valence electrons in its outermost electron shell.

Background
According to the Bohr model, an atom consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons orbited by a number of electrons. In an ordinary atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons. If it has more or fewer electrons, it is an ion. In addition, the electrons orbit in electron shells. Each shell can only contain a certain number of electrons before new electrons must migrate to the next shell or "energy level." Starting with the third energy level, however, electrons sometimes move up a level even before the current one is full.

The rule
Every atom tries to have 8 electrons in its outermost (or valence) shell. This may require them to give up, share, or take electrons. As stated above, the number of electrons normally equals the number of protons. This means that some atoms are "happier" than others. For example, neon, as with other noble gases, naturally has 8 valence electrons. (10 total - 2 in the 1st energy level = 8 in the 2nd) Not surprisingly, neon hardly ever reacts with anything. (Neon lights require high voltages to work.) By contrast, the atoms in the Alkaline metals column, such as sodium, have only one valence electron, with a layer containing 8 electrons in the shell below. This means that sodium only has to give up one valence electron in order to complete the octet rule, and will do so if given the chance, hence why sodium is so chemically reactive. 

Chemistry
The Queen of Sheba ruled over the ancient kingdom of Sheba, and is mentioned in the Bible and the Qur'an.

Queen of Sheba in the Bible 
The Queen of Sheba appears in the Bible to King Solomon, because of the fame of his riches and wealth and wisdom. She comes, "with a very great caravan - with camels carrying spices, large quantities of gold, and precious stones - she came to Solomon and talked with him about all that she had on her mind" (1 Kings 10:2).

Solomon answered all the questions she asked; returned her quizzes and riddles with wit and correct wisdom; and was kind to her. Awed and astonished by all these things, she rewarded his achievements with "120 talents of gold, large quantities of spices, and precious stones. Never again were so many spices brought in as those the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon" (1 Kings 10:10), and Solomon returned it by giving "all she desired and asked for, besides what he had given her out of his royal bounty" (1 Kings 10:13).

Related pages 
 Solomon
 Bible
 Qur'an

Other websites 
 
 BBC history of Queen Sheba
 More information on Queen Sheba 

Old Testament people
A reflex (/ˈriːfleks/) or reflex action is an automatic and fast movement in response to a stimulus.  

A true reflex is a behaviour done by the reflex arc. This is the path the signal of a reflex takes. That path is from the outside stimulus to the central nervous system (CNS), then the path from the CNS to the appropriate muscle. 

The nerve cells responsible for reflexes are not always in the brain, but often in the spinal cord. This way, reflexes are processed faster. Nerve cells in the brain still get feedback that the reflex action occurred. And, of course, reflex actions involving sight and sound are done by the brain. With invertebrate animals, the brain is not so dominant, and more is done by local reflex arcs in the segments.

Reflexes may take place even after death. The bite of a poisonous snake can be triggered up to several hours after it has died.

If the behaviour is complex, the stimulus is called a releaser, and the behaviour which follows may involve the whole animal for a long time in what is called a fixed action pattern. However, this is not the usual use of the term "reflex". It is studied in ethology because it usually involves two animals of the same species.

The word 'reflex' can also be used as a metaphor for something done quickly, without much thinking.

References 

Physiology
Kobe Bean Bryant ( ; August 23, 1978 – January 26, 2020) was an American former professional basketball player. He most recently played for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association. Bryant played as a shooting guard. During the 2005-2006 season, he scored 81 points in a game against the Toronto Raptors. He is considered one of the greatest basketball players of all time.

Bryant retired on April 13, 2016 after scoring 60 points in a Lakers win against the Utah Jazz. He won an Oscar and Emmy for his movie Dear Basketball.

Bryant was born in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania. He is the youngest child of three children of his family. His father was a basketball player and coach Joe Bryant.

Championships and awards
Kobe Bryant won five championship rings from 2000-2002 and again in 2009-2010. He was awarded the Most Valuable Player in the 2007-08 NBA season after the Los Angeles Lakers went to the 2008 NBA Playoffs as the first seed in the Western Conference was the winner of 18 times NBA all-star, 15-time member of the NBA, 12-time member of the all-defensive team and 1-time slam dunk champion.

In 2008, Bryant won a gold medal with the United States national team at the Olympics in Beijing.

Bryant earned 14 selections for All-NBA teams and 12 for All-Defensive teams. He led the league in scoring twice. He received 4 all-star game MVPs in 14 appearances. He also won 2 finals MVP awards. He was also the youngest player to reach 30,000 points, passing Shaquille O Neal and Michael Jordan and becoming third on the all-time scoring list. Bryant is widely considered to be one of the greatest basketball players in NBA history.

Sexual assault investigation
In the summer of 2003, the sheriff's office of Eagle, Colorado, arrested Bryant in connection with an investigation of a sexual assault complaint filed by a 19-year-old hotel employee. In September 2004, the assault case was dropped by prosecutors after the accuser refused to testify at the trial.

Death
On January 26, 2020, Bryant was killed in a helicopter crash in Calabasas, California at the age of 41. His 13-year-old daughter, Gianna Bryant, and seven others also died in the crash.

Notes

References

Other websites

1978 births
2020 deaths
Aviation deaths in the United States
African-American basketball players
Los Angeles Lakers players
Sportspeople from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Academy Award winners
Emmy Award winners
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
National Basketball Association high school draftees
American basketball players
The Turks in Germany are the largest ethnic minority in Germany. Most of these immigrants came from Turkey when Germany invited them to work as guest workers between 1961-73 due to labour shortages. Some of them was of Romanlar Background.

Related pages

 Migrant worker
 Turkish people
 Romanlar

Germany
Turkish people
The Leader of  the Opposition is the name given to the leader of the largest party not in government in a Westminster System of  parliamentary government. The Leader of the Opposition is often seen as the alternative Prime Minister, Premier or Chief Minister. They lead an alternative government known as the Shadow Cabinet  or Opposition Front Bench.

In  many Commonwealth realms the full title is Leader of Her  Majesty's Loyal Opposition. This is not used in Australia. It is the duty of the Opposition party to ask questions to the Prime Minister or other ministers during Question Time.

The following is a list of Leaders of the Opposition:
 Leader of the Opposition (Australia)
 Leader of the Opposition (Australian Capital Territory)
 Leader of the Opposition (New South Wales)
 Leader of the Opposition (Northern Territory)
 Leader of the Opposition (Queensland)
 Leader of the Opposition (South Australia)
 Leader of the Opposition (Tasmania)
 Leader of the Opposition (Victoria)
 Leader of the Opposition (Western Australia)
 Leader of the Opposition (Canada)
 Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Canada)
 Leader of the Opposition (Alberta)
 Leader of the Opposition (British Columbia)
 Leader of the Opposition (Manitoba)
 Leader of the Opposition (New Brunswick)
 Leader of the Opposition (Newfoundland and Labrador)
 Leader of the Opposition (Nova Scotia)
 Leader of the Opposition (Ontario)
 Leader of the Opposition (PEI)
 Leader of the Official Opposition (Quebec)
 Leader of the Opposition (Saskatchewan)
 Leader of the Opposition (Yukon)
 Leader of the Opposition (Dominica)
 Leader of the Opposition (Fiji)
 Leader of the Opposition (India)
 Leader of the Opposition (Ireland)
 Leader of the Opposition (Israel)
 Leader of the Opposition (Malaysia)
 Leader of the Opposition (Malta)
 Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)
 Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan)
 Leader of the Opposition (Sri Lanka)
 Leader of the Opposition (South Africa)
 Leader of the Opposition (Spain)
 Leader of the Opposition (Thailand)
 Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)
 Leader of the Opposition (Scotland)

 
Titles
Angara is a family of rockets which are being developed in Russia. The family contains many different rockets. For example, there is a rocket for lifting small payloads and a rocket for lifting heavy payloads. The rockets are designed by a company called Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. The first rocket is expected to be ready in 2012.

Purpose
Angara is being developed using money given by the Russian government. The government decided to finance Angara because they wanted to make sure that Russia has independent access to space. Many of Russia's current rockets can only be launched from Baikonour Cosmodrome in Kazakshtan. Many of them also use foreign technology. However, Angara is better since it does not use any foreign technology (it is 100% Russian) and can be launched from Plesetsk Cosmodrome, located in Russian territory. Another reason why it was decided to build Angara is because Russia needed a rocket which does not use toxic fuels, like some current rockets do.

Description
The first part of all Angara rockets consists of an engine called Universal Rocket Module (in short: URM). The small version, Angara 1.1 has only one URM, while the heavier Angara 5 has 5 URMs. For this reason, Angara 5 can lift heavier payloads. The second part (called the second stage) of Angara 1.1 is called Briz-KM and the second stage of Angara 5 is called Block I. 

The rockets are meant for launching unmanned payloads such as satellites. However, Khrunichev has also suggested building a version that could launch humans into space: Angara 5P. 

All Angara versions can be launched from a single launch pad. 

The first flight of Angara is expected to take place in 2012 from Plesetsk Cosmodrome. In the future, the flights on Angara rockets will be sold to other companies, who want to get their satellites into space. The price for an Angara 1.1 flight is expected to be about 20 million dollars.

References

Rockets
Michael Ray Dibdin Heseltine, Baron Heseltine CH PC (born 21 March 1933) is a British politician and businessman. He was a Member of Parliament from 1966 to 2001 as a member of the Conservative Party.

He was born in Swansea, Wales and studied at the University of Oxford. He was briefly conscripted into the army, before becoming a self-made millionaire in the 1960s. At the 1966 General Election, Heseltine became the Member of Parliament for the constituency of Tavistock in Devon. From 1970 to 1974, he was a junior minister in the government of Edward Heath. From 1979 to 1983, he was in the cabinet of Margaret Thatcher as Secretary of State for the Environment. He was Defence Secretary from 1983 to 1986, but resigned in 1986 and became a backbencher.

As a backbencher, Heseltine became very critical of Thatcher's government and refused to support the Poll Tax in 1989. In November 1990, Heseltine challenged Thatcher for Conservative Party leadership and this led to Thatcher resigning, but Heseltine did not get to become party leader. New Conservative Prime Minister John Major made Heseltine Secretary of State for the Environment (1990-1992), President of the Board of Trade (1992-1995) and Deputy Prime Minister (1995-1997).

In 2001, Heseltine stood down as an MP and entered the House of Lords. He was considered to be one of Britain's top 200 richest people in 2004, owning a wealth of about £240 million.

Publications
 Michael Heseltine, Raising The Sights - A Tory Perspective, in the Primrose League Gazette, vol.91, no.2, Aug/Sept 1987 edition, London.
 Julian Critchley, Heseltine - The Unauthorised Biography, André Deutsch, London, September 1987, 
 Michael Crick, Michael Heseltine: A Biography, Hamish Hamilton, 1997, 
 Michael Heseltine, Life in the Jungle, Hodder & Stoughton, 2000, , written with the acknowledged assistance of Heseltine's lifelong friend Anthony Howard.

References
 Michael Crick, Michael Heseltine: A Biography, Hamish Hamilton, 1997, 

1933 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British autobiographers
British businesspeople
Companions of Honour
Deputy Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom
Former Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Members of the House of Lords
Politicians from Swansea
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
United Kingdom Life Peers
Geff Harrison (also known as Richie West, August 24, 1947, Manchester, United Kingdom), is an English singer-songwriter, mostly known for his bands King Ping Meh and Twenty Sixty Six And Then. He created the band Modern Talking along with Dieter Bohlen.

Controversy with Dieter Bohlen 

In January 20, 1986, Harrison filled a lawsuit against Dieter Bohlen claiming that he wrote English lyrics for Modern Talking and C.C.Catch, but the lawsuit was settled out of court. According to the ruling of the court, Bohlen and Harrison created the group Modern Talking together.

References 

1947 births
Living people
English musicians
Modern Talking
Isaac Watts (17 July 1674 – 25 November 1748) was an English pastor, preacher, poet, and hymn writer. He is often called the "Father of English Hymnody": he was the first popular English hymn writer. Because of his short height and large head, in all his portraits Isaac Watts wore a large gown. He wrote about 600 hymns including When I Survey the Wondrous Cross, Am I a Soldier of the Cross, and Joy to the World. He is buried today in Bun­hill Fields Cem­etary, Lon­don, Eng­land.

Isaac Watts was born in 1674 as a small and sickly child. At this time, his father was in prison for being a nonconformist preacher. At that time in England, a man who did not preach the way the leaders of the Church of England thought about God could go to prison. Christians who were dissenters met secretly in fields and barns to hide from people who would report them. Dissenters were fined for preaching anywhere if five or more people were there. Isaac Watts gave much encouragement for people to continue to believe in Christ.

Childhood

Isaac, even when he was young, was good at and liked rhyming. He was a good student and liked books. Once, when his mother said she would give a farthing (a coin) to one of her husband's students who could make the best rhyme, Isaac tried and made this couplet:

"I write not this for a farthing, but to try 
How I your farthing writers can outvie’."

When he was six, he made some verses. When his mother saw them, she could hardly believe he had written them. So Isaac gave his mother a poem he had made with his name:

I am a vile polluted lump of earth
S-o I've continu'd ever since my birth
A-lthough Jehovah grace does daily give me
A-ssure this monster Satan will deceive me
C-ome, therefore, Lord, from Satan's claws relieve me.

W-ash me in thy blood, O Christ
A-nd grace divine impart
T-hen search and try the corners of my heart
T-hat I in all things may be fit to do
S-ervice to thee, and sing thy praises too.

Ministry

When he was in his early twenties, Isaac saw a need in the church. He told his father that the psalms sung in the church were rough and hard. Isaac's father challenged him to write better songs, and Isaac began writing hymns. Watts produced many hymns for which he is now famous.

Watts also saw that children needed to have hymns that suited their age, hymns that they could sing in their everyday life. Because of this, in 1720 he wrote Divine and Moral Songs, for the Use of Children. These songs were about problems of youth at that time and still today, with titles like Against Evil Company and Against Pride in Clothes.

Watts lived a long and full life preaching about Jesus, teaching, and writing books and hymns. When he died, his papers were given to Yale University.

Hymns

Some of Isaac Watts' most well known and loved songs are:
Joy to the world!
Come ye that love the Lord (often sung with the chorus [and titled] "We’re marching to Zion")
Come Holy Spirit, heavenly Dove]
Jesus shall reign where’er the sun
O God, Our Help in Ages Past
When I survey the wondrous cross 
Alas! and did my Saviour bleed
This is the day the Lord has made

References

1674 births
1748 deaths
Christian hymnwriters
Poets
Nowy Dwór Królewski  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

References 

Villages in Poland
Wood County is a county in the state of Wisconsin in the United States.  75,555 people were living in Wood County as of 2000.  The county seat of Wood County is Wisconsin Rapids.

Geography
Wood County has a total area of 809 square miles, says the U.S. Census Bureau.

Neighbor counties
Marathon County - to the north
Portage County - to the east
Adams County - to the southeast
Juneau County - to the south
Jackson County - to the southwest
Clark County - to the northwest

Divisions

Cities, villages, and towns
The following are the cities, villages, and towns of Wood County:

 Arpin
 Arpin (town)
 Auburndale (town)
 Auburndale
 Biron
 Cameron
 Cary
 Cranmoor
 Dexter
 Grand Rapids
 Hansen
 Hewitt
 Hiles
 Lake Wazeecha
 Lincoln
 Marshfield
 Marshfield (town)
 Milladore
 Milladore (town)
 Nekoosa
 Pittsville
 Port Edwards (town)
 Port Edwards
 Remington
 Richfield
 Rock
 Rudolph (town)
 Rudolph
 Saratoga
 Seneca
 Sherry
 Sigel
 Vesper
 Wisconsin Rapids (county seat)
 Wood

Unincorporated communities
The following are the unincorporated communities of Wood County:

 Babcock
 Bethel
 Blenker
 Dexterville

References

Other websites

 Wood County

1856 establishments in Wisconsin
The Acarina, or Acari, are the mites and ticks. They are an order of Arachnids.

Their fossil history goes back to the Devonian era. Most acarines are tiny: less than a millimetre. It is estimated that over 50,000 species have been described, but a million or more species may be currently living. The study of mites and ticks is called acarology.

Acarines live in practically every habitat, and include aquatic (freshwater and sea water) and terrestrial species. They outnumber other arthropods in the soil and detritus. Many are parasitic, and they affect both vertebrates and invertebrates. Most parasitic forms are external parasites, while the free living forms are generally predators and may even be used to control undesirable arthropods. Others help to break down forest litter and dead organic matter such as skin cells. Others still are herbivorous and may damage crops. Damage to crops is perhaps the most costly economic effect of mites, especially by the spider mites and their relatives, earth mites, thread-footed mites and the gall and rust mites.

Some parasitic forms affect humans and other mammals, causing damage by their feeding, and can even be vectors of diseases such as scrub typhus and rickettsia. A well-known effect of mites on humans is as an allergen which stimulates asthma. Predatory mites may be used in pest control and herbivorous mites used to attack weeds. A positive contribution of the Acari is their normal functioning in ecosystems, especially their roles in the decomposer subsystem.

Mites 

A hugely successful group with a large number of species. Mites are among the most diverse and successful of all the invertebrate groups, but because of their small size (most are microscopic) go largely unnoticed. They have exploited many habitats. Many live freely in the soil or water, but there are also a large number of species that live as parasites on plants, animals, and some that feed on mould (fungi).

Ticks 
Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites, mostly of mammals and birds. They wait on grass or bushes, and jump onto passing animals. A number of birds specialise in picking them off larger animals: the Cattle Egret and the Oxpecker for example. They are quite serious pests, and can be hard to get rid of. They are vectors, carrying diseases such as Lyme disease.

Related pages 
Chigger
Lyme disease

References 

Arachnids
Parasites
Eppertshausen is a municipality in the Darmstadt-Dieburg Rural District in the state of Hesse, Germany.

Geography 

Eppertshausen is located in the Rhine-Main area 15 km northeast of Darmstadt. The whole area of the village is 13.11 km2 large and it lies 130 – 190 m above sea level. It is a plain area with a few hills.

About 35 to 20 million years ago in the age of tertiary the whole region was lying under sea level. At that time it was covered by an ocean which was warm and not very deep. Lots of sediments sank to its bottom. Then the region rose again and the water left, leaving soil which is mostly sandy and poor.

The neighbours of Eppertshausen are: 
 Rödermark and Rodgau (North) (all Offenbach Rural District)
 Babenhausen (East)
 Münster (South)
 Messel (West)

Eppertshausen has 5,829 inhabitants (2008).

The climate of the town is mild. There is less rain than in other parts of Germany.

Some local people are speaking a regional type (dialect) of the German language with a certain tone and special words. It is a Hessian dialect (German: Hessisch) spoken in the south of Hesse. This language type is related to other dialects in the south of Germany. In former times mostly every place had its own special dialect, sometimes hard to understand for people of other parts of Germany. Today the dialect speakers are a minority and  the majority of them does not speak the real dialect. They rather speak a kind of regular German with a certain pronunciation.

History 

Eppertshausen is an early place where people lived. In the time of the 7th to the 9th century new places to live got name endings like -hausen.

In 836 the name of Eppertshausen was written down in a document for the first time. It was owned by the monastery of the nearby city of Seligenstadt.

Formerly the people in Eppertshausen were mostly farmers and craftsmen but not tradesmen. Every family had land to grow their food. When the property was handed to the next generation it was divided within the children. Therefore, most families had only small farms and were poor. With the industrial revolution the Rhine-Main area got lots of factories and developed to a center for metal working, leather manufacturing and chemical processing. Many men became workmen and found a job in the factories and earned money. This increased living conditions partly.

Twinned cities 

  Chaource, France
  Codigoro, Italy

References

Other websites 

 Official website of Eppertshausen

Municipalities in Hesse
Craig Brown CBE (born 1 July 1940 in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire) is a Scottish former professional football player and manager. He is currently the manager of Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen after he left Motherwell in December 2010.

References

1940 births
Living people
Scottish footballers
Scottish football managers
Scott Brown (born 25 June 1985 in Dunfermline, Fife) is a Scottish association football player, currently playing for Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen. Brown, who started his professional career with Hibernian, is a regular in the Scottish national team. His transfer to Celtic from Hibs in the summer of 2007 broke the record for the biggest transfer fee paid between two Scottish clubs.

References

1985 births
Living people
Scottish footballers
Saint Valentine is the name of many martyred saints that lived in Ancient Rome. At least three different people named Valentine are said to have died on the 14th of February. Even though nobody knows who exactly Valentine was and where he came from, it has been confirmed that he existed because archaeologists discovered a church dedicated to Valentine.

In the Catholic church, Valentine was the patron of love, young people, and happy marriages.

Valentine's Day 

There are many guesses about how Valentine's Day, a celebration of love, started. One legend says that Valentine, being a priest, performed secret wedding ceremonies when they were outlawed by Emperor Claudius II. When someone discovered that Valentine was breaking the law, he was ordered to be executed.

Another theory is that Valentine helped captive Christians to break out of prison. When he himself was in prison, Valentine may have sent the first love letter to a young girl who liked to visit him.

References 

Year of birth unknown
Christian saints
3rd-century deaths
This entry is not about King Ahaziah of Judah.
Ahaziah or Ochozias (אחזיהו המלך) (Israel, ca. 870 BC – ca. 850 BC) was king of Israel and the son of Ahab and Jezebel. In the Bible, it says that he is very bad, and that he walked in the ways of his evil father King Ahab.

Ahaziah's Reign
Ahaziah son of Ahab was king of Israel in Samaria in the seventeenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and he reigned over Israel two years. He "did evil in the eyes of the LORD, because he walked in the ways of his father and mother and in the ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat, who caused Israel to sin. He served and worshiped Baal and provoked the LORD, the God of Israel to anger, just as his father had done" (1 Kings 22:51 - 53).

Elijah and Ahaziah's death
After Ahab's death, Moab rebelled from Israel, and Ahaziah had fallen through the lattice of his upper room in Samaria and injured himself. So he sent messengers, saying to them, "Go and consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron, to see if I will recover from this injury." 
But God was angry at this, because Ahaziah did not consult him, but only a god of Ekron, so on the way, Elijah went and met the servants, and told them (2 Kings 1:6) as the Lord had instructed him, "Go back to the king who sent you and tell him, 'This is what the Lord says:Is it because there was no God in Israel that you are sending men to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? Therefore (Because of this) you will not leave the bed you are lying on. You will certainly (surely) die!'" And the messengers did has he was told. At King Ahaziah's questions, they described Elijah as "a man with a garment of hair and with a leather belt around his waist". King Ahaziah recognized him at once, and sent a captain with fifty men to call Elijah.
Now Elijah was sitting on a hill, and the captain called out, "Man of God, the king says, 'Come down!'" but Elijah replied, "If I am a man of God, may fire come down from heaven and consume you and your fifty men!" he did like this the second time, too. Finally, the king sent a third captain with his fifty men, who "...fell on his knees before Elijah..." and bowed before him, humbly asking him to come. Elijah was told by the angel of the Lord to go down, so he went down and told the king again, "You will certainly die!" "So he died, according to the word of the Lord that Elijah had spoken". (2 Kings 1:17, NIV) 
And, according to the Bible, Ahaziah fulfilled the prophecy by dying. Because Ahaziah had no son, Joram became king.

Related pages
Ahab
Elijah
Bible

References

Other websites
Bio at AboutBibleProphecy.com
Bio at AllAboutGod.com

Old Testament people
Kings of ancient Israel
Teignmouth (, ) is a town in Devon, South West England. It is built on the north bank of the mouth of the River Teign. In 1690, it was the last place in England to be invaded by a foreign power. The town was once a fishing port. Fishermen used to fish for cod in Newfoundland. In the Georgian period, it became a popular place to stay. The town grew more with the opening of the South Devon Railway in 1846. Today, its port is still working and the town remains a popular seaside holiday location.

Sister city
Teignmouth is twinned with:
 Perros-Guirec, France

Towns in Devon
Nescafé is a brand of instant coffee made by Nestlé. Instant coffee is a powder which is mixed with hot water to make coffee. There are several different products that have the name Nescafé. The name is a mix of the words "Nestlé" and "café". Nestlé's instant coffee product was introduced in Switzerland on April 1, 1938 after being developed for seven years by Max Morgenthaler and Vernon Chapman.

References

Other websites

Drinks
Nestlé
Oxfam Internationa is a group of 14 organisations working with over 3,000 partners in around 100 countries to find lasting solutions to poverty and injustice. It brings these problems to public attention, sets programs to make changes, and provides help in major disasters, also promotes sustainable development and fair trade. It works directly with communities and seeks to influence the powerful to ensure that poor people can improve their lives with having a say in decisions that affect them. The principal belief is that people should have a respect for human rights and that will help alleviate poverty.

Oxfam began in Oxford in 1942 as the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief. It was started by a group of Quakers (which included Marcus Tite), social activists, and Oxford academics. This is now Oxfam Great Britain, still based in Oxford, UK. It was one of several local committees formed to support the National Famine Relief Committee. Their job was to get the British government to allow food through the Allied blockade for the starving people of Axis occupied Greece.

The first overseas Oxfam began in Canada in 1963. The committee changed its name to its telegraph address, OXFAM, in 1965.

References

International organizations
Charities
1942 establishments
Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
Medical and health organizations
Mushroom Records is an Australian record company started by Michael Gudinski and Ray Evans in Melbourne in 1972. After its sale in 1998, it joined with Festival Records (Australia) and became Festival Mushroom Records. In 2006 it became one of the record labels owned by Warner Bros. Records. It is currently internationally known as WEA International Inc.

Australian record labels
1972 establishments
1970s establishments in Australia
The Resistance is the fifth album by Muse, a British rock band.

Songs
"Uprising"
"Resistance"
"Undisclosed Desires"
"United States of Eurasia"
"Guiding Light"
"Unnatural Selection"
"MK Ultra"
"I Belong to You / Mon cœur s'ouvre à ta voix"
"Exogenesis: Symphony Part I (Overture)"
"Exogenesis: Symphony Part II (Cross Pollination)"
"Exogenenis: Symphony Part III (Redemption)"

References

2009 albums
Muse albums
Tianjin (Chinese: 天津), is a city in Northern China. It has a population of 11,760,000. It has an area of 11,917.3 square kilometers. Built in 1403, Tianjin has been named by Yongle Emperor in memory of his success in occupying Ming capital Beijing through the harbor of Tianjin. It locates on the banks of the Hai River, west of Bohai Sea, south of Yanshan Mountains, east of Beijing. The distance between Tianjin and Beijing is 137 kilometers and it’ll take you only half an hour to go from Tianjin to Beijing by the Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway.

Tianjin is the birthplace of China’s modern mechanical industry and textile industry. Since the beginning of the Open Door Policy, Tianjin has been built more than a dozen industrial zones, creating a lot Chinese famous brand like Flying Pigeon bicycles, Seagull brand watches. Now Tianjin gradually forms 6 industries of electronic information, automobile, metallurgical, chemical, biotechnology and modern medicine, new energy and environmental protection. Among Fortune 500 companies, more than 106 have invested in Tianjin. From 1994 to 2008, Tianjin's GDP rate increased 12.5% on average, entered the ranks of China's rapid development area.

Tianjin is the birthplace of the first university in China. In 1895, some officials established the first modern university in China – Peiyang University, the predecessor of Tianjin University. Nankai University in Tianjin is a famous university in China. The first Premier of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai graduates from Nankai University. Tianjin has 37 universities and has nearly 20 million students. Tianjin is one of the first nine-year compulsory education regions. The quality of workers is high. Tianjin has nearly one thousand scientific and technological research institutions, together with more than 600 thousand professionals in different fields. It has a large number of famous experts and scholars.

Tianjin is not far away from sea, so a lot of Tianjin cuisine is seafood. One of the most famous cuisine in Tianjin is The Four Great Stews, which refers actually to a very large number of stews, including chicken, duck, seafood, beef, and mutton. Tianjin also has several famous snack items. Goubuli is a traditional brand of Baozi (steamed buns with filling) that is famous throughout China. Guifaxiang is a traditional brand of mahua(twisted dough sticks). Erduoyan is a traditional brand of fried rice cakes.

Cities in China
4th-century BC establishments
Shenzhen () is a city in Guangdong province, China. It is just north of Hong Kong. It has a subtropical climate.

Until recently, Shenzhen was a fishing village with just over 30,000 people. In 1980, under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, Shenzhen became one of China's Special Economic Zones (SEZ). It was in this city where China first experimented with capitalism. Since then, its population has grown to about 10.6 million people. 

Shenzhen is a progressive city. It has a strong economic connection with Hong Kong. It is also one of the main trading centers of the Pearl River Delta. The manufacturing company Gionee is located in the city.

Twin towns — Sister cities 
 Houston, United States
 Perm, Russia
 Turin, Italy

References

Cities in China
Guangdong
For the movie, see Pirates of the Caribbean.

Piracy in the Caribbean was the terror of the Caribbean Sea, especially to the Spanish navy that controlled those seas. The English had defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588, which stopped the Spanish control of the oceans.  However, the Spanish still controlled the Caribbean. 

In the 1770s, the English used pirates to help their government. By doing harm to the Spanish navy and export, the English hoped to get more land in the New World and stop the Spanish from controlling the New World trade. They did get what they wanted, but made a new problem.

Sir Henry Morgan was one well-known pirate who was encouraged by the English government. He worked for the government, but he kept the money. As time went on, though, Morgan stopped working for the government and began working to get money only for himself. He and other pirates soon began attacking any trading ship, even if it was an English ship.

Morgan and his helpers called themselves the Brethren. They wore rough shirts, knee-long pants, felt hats, and leather belts.  On their belts, they hung gunpowder , butcher's knives, and blunderbusses (short muskets.) They had a "pirate code" which said each man had the right to vote on all things, like choosing a captain or the next ship to attack.

The Spanish Amaro Pargo also stands out, who frequently traded in the Caribbean while looting ships of the enemy powers of the Spanish Crown that he encountered on the way. Amaro Pargo lived for ten years in the Caribbean, specifically on the island of Cuba where he had descendants.

Reasons for piracy 
The pirates easily found new members. Seamen in naval services often lived much harder lives than pirates. They could be punished cruelly by people higher than them, did not have good food to eat, and were paid only a little money. The pirates offered equality, good food (when it was there), and a chance to become rich.

Pirate life 

However, pirates were little better. The commanders of trading ships were terrified at seeing pirate ships, because pirates had little mercy on the people they captured. They shot them, beat them to death, tortured them, or  them on desert islands. Pirates were not very kind to each other, either. Even though they had a "pirate law", they argued with each other, and members could receive the same punishment as their enemies.

Life on a pirate ship was very hard. There was never a dry place to sleep; bathing was very rare; food was often bad; and danger was expected. Many pirates had missing arms or legs after bloody sea battles. Even pirates who finally became rich still risked being hanged if they were caught.

References

Other websites 
 2004 vs. 2007 global piracy summary, The Economist, published 23 Apr 2008, accessed 2008-04-28.
 The Golden Age of Piracy, and its origins in class struggle - on peopleshistory.co.uk
 Pirates of the Caribbean, In Fact and Fiction- from BlindKat Publishers
Really Bad Eggs: Pirates of the Caribbean
Method of Securing the Ports and Populations of All the Coasts of the Indies

he:שודדי הים הקאריביים