cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A tensor is a mathematical object. Tensors provide a mathematical framework for solving physics problems in areas such as elasticity, fluid mechanics and general relativity. The word tensor comes from the Latin word tendere meaning "to stretch".

A tensor of order zero (zeroth-order tensor) is a scalar (simple number). A tensor of order one (first-order tensor) is a linear map that maps every vector into a scalar. A vector is a tensor of order one. A tensor of order two (second-order tensor) is a linear map that maps every vector into a vector (e.g. a matrix).

In linear algebra, the tensor product of two vector spaces  and , ,  is itself a vector space. It is a way of creating a new vector space analogous of multiplication of integers.

Related pages 

 Einstein field equations, where tensor is used

References 

Linear algebra
Geometry
Trigg County is a county in Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,339. Its county seat is Cadiz.

References

 
1820 establishments in Kentucky
Harlan County is a county in Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 29,278. Its county seat is Harlan.

Communities

Cities
 Benham
 Cumberland
 Evarts
 Harlan (county seat)
 Loyall
 Lynch
 Wallins Creek

References

 
1810s establishments in Kentucky
1819 establishments in the United States
Toulouse School of Economics (TSE) is a school for the study of economics. The school is in Toulouse, France. It is one of the most famous research and teaching centers of economics in the world. It was created in 2006.

TSE is specialist in the fields of economics. Its President is Jean Tirole, who won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2014.

Former students 
 Philippe Crébassa, French aerospace engineer and businessman.

References

Other website
 Official

Colleges and universities in France
Toulouse
2006 establishments in France
Jasmine Tookes (born February 1, 1991) is an American model.

Tookes was born and raised in Huntington Beach, California.  She did gymnastics for ten years and was active in volleyball and softball before she became a model at about the age of 15. Her mother is a celebrity fashion stylist. Tookes was discovered at one of her mother's showroom appointments.

Tookes is of  mixed ancestry. African, West Indian and her maternal grandmother is Caucasian. She is in a relationship with fellow Calvin Klein model Tobias Sorensen.

Tookes' first commercial ad campaigns were in 2010 for ugg boots and Gap. Before breaking out on the international scene, she booked a Spring 2011 DKNY campaign and a layout in Vogue Italia.

In 2015, she became a Victoria's Secret Angel.

In September 2020, Tookes announced her engagement to her boyfriend of four years Juan David Borrero, director of international markets of Snap Inc and son of doctor Alfredo Borrero Vega, Vice President-elect of Ecuador.

References 

Models from California
1991 births
Living people
Paavo Johannes Nurmi (13 June 1897 – 2 October 1973) was a Finnish middle- and long-distance runner. He was born in Turku. Nurmi set 22 official world records at distances between 1500 metres and 20 kilometres. He participated in the Olympic Games twelve times where he won nine gold and three silver medals.

References 

1897 births
1973 deaths

Competitors in athletics
Finnish Olympic silver medalists
Olympic gold medalists
Turku
Pantelis Pantelidis (23 November 1983 – 18 February 2016) was a Greek singer and songwriter. He was born in Athens and grew up in Nea Ionia. He worked in the Greek Navy, but left this job for a musical career. He learned music by himself. He became known from some YouTube videos. He worked with Greek musicians such as Vasilis Karras, Despina Vandi and others. He twice won awards at the MAD Video Music Awards, first in 2013 as the best new artist and secondly in 2015 as the best Greek male singer.

Pantelidis was killed on February 18, 2016, in a car crash in Athens. He was aged 32.

References

1983 births
2016 deaths
Road accident deaths
Greek singers
People from Athens
Belinda Nash (October 27, 1946 – February 16, 2016) was an American historian, author and activist. She wrote a biography of Grace Sherwood, the last person to be "convicted" by ordeal of being a witch in Virginia. As a result of Nash's work, Sherwood was given a pardon, 300 years after her trial by ordeal.

Nash died in Virginia Beach, Virginia on February 16, 2016 from cancer. She was aged 69.

References

1946 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Virginia
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American historians
Canadian people
Claude Jeancolas (1949 – 17 February 2016) was a French writer, art historian and journalist. He was best known for his expertise on Arthur Rimbaud. He was born in Nancy, France. 

Jeancolas died in Paris, France from cancer on 17 February 2016. He was aged 66.

References

1949 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in France
French writers
French historians
French journalists
Tamerlan Kimovich Aguzarov  (; 14 June 1963  – 19 February 2016) was a Russian politician. He was the head of North Ossetia-Alania from June 5, 2015 until his death in February 19, 2016.

Aguzarov died on 19 February 2016 in Moscow from complications of pneumonia. He was aged 52.

References

Other websites
 Официальный сайт Правительства Республики Северная Осетия — Алания 

1963 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Russian politicians
Civil servants
The Dream Makers II (, also The Dream Makers 2 or ZZSF2) is a Singaporean drama television series. It is produced and shown on Mediacorp Channel 8. It is a sequel to the 2013 series The Dream Makers. It began its run from 4 December 2015. There are 32 episodes. It stars Zoe Tay, Li Nanxing, Huang Biren, Jeanette Aw, Rui En, Qi Yuwu, Romeo Tan, Julie Tan, Zhang Zhenhuan, Ian Fang, Chen Meifeng and Damian Lau as the main characters. The show is Channel 8's end-year blockbuster for 2015.

Cast
Zoe Tay as Zhou Weiyun
Li Nanxing as Lin Tao
Huang Biren as Guan Xie En
Rui En as Fang Tonglin
Qi Yuwu as Jason Lam
Jeanette Aw as Zhao Fei'er
Romeo Tan as Zhong Yiming
Julie Tan as Dong Zihuai
Zhang Zhenhuan as Chen Guang
Ian Fang as Joey
Damian Lau as Zheng Shouyi
Chen Meifeng as Zhong Qianyi
Wang Yuqing as Qin Wenxu
Li Wenhai as MD Chong
Choy Peng Hoy as Yalian
Rayson Tan as Richard Ma
Tracy Lee as Diana
Richard Low as Zhao De
Edwin Goh as Eddy
Damien Teo as Eden
Eelyn Kok as Meiling
Yan Bingliang as Chen Dongqiang
Yao Wenlong as Zheng Shoude
Chen Hanwei (special appearance)

Trivia
This is Zoe Tay and Huang Biren's first drama collaboration in 27 years.
This is Hong Kong TVB actor Damian Lau's second Singaporean drama series after Dare To Strike, and Taiwanese actress Chen Meifeng's first Singaporean drama.

Accolades 
 Star Awards 2016 Backstage Achievement Awards - 
 Loh Woon Woon and Wong Foong Hwee were nominated for Best Director, to which Loh won.
 Rebecca Leow was nominated for Best Screenplay.
 Kee Chee Wee was nominated for Best Programme Promo.
 Tommy Lee Heng Soon was nominated for Best Cameraman (for Drama Programmes).
 Simon Poon, Joyce Teo and Steven Lee were nominated for Best Editing for Drama Programme, to which Poon won.
 Star Awards 2016 Part 2 - 
 《终于》 won the Best Theme Song.
 Damien Teo won the Young Talent Award.
 Edwin Goh and Zhang Zhenhuan are nominated for Best Supporting Actor, to which Zhang won.
 Julie Tan won the Best Supporting Actress.
 Romeo Tan and Qi Yuwu are nominated for Best Actor, to which Qi won.
 Jeanette Aw, Rui En and Zoe Tay are nominated for Best Actress, to which Aw won.
 The series won the Best Drama Serial. It is one of the five dramas to be nominated for both the Best Drama Serial and Best Theme Song, along with 118, Crescendo, The Journey: Our Homeland and Tiger Mum.
 Star Awards 2016 Post Show Party - 
 Jeanette Aw, Rui En and Huang Biren are nominated for Favourite Female Character. Despite Aw's wish to withdraw from voting-based award categories, she is nominated for "Favourite Female Character" and "Favourite Onscreen Couple" again. Aw won the award once again.
 Qi Yuwu and Rui En, Qi Yuwu and Jeanette Aw, and Zhang Zhenhuan and Julie Tan are nominated for Favourite Onscreen Couple (Drama). Qi and Aw won the award.
 Romeo Tan won the London Choco Roll Happiness Award.

References

Singaporean television programs
Chinese language
2015 television series debuts
Drama television series
2015 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in Singapore
Bruno Zuppiger (24 February 1952 – 19 February 2016) was a Swiss management consultant and politician. He was a member of the conservative Swiss People's Party. He served on the Swiss National Council representing the Canton of Zürich. In 1999, he was elected to the National Council. He was chairman of the National Council's Finance Committee and also served on the Security Policy Committee.

Zuppiger was born in St. Gallen, Switzerland. He graduated from the University of St. Gallen and the Zürich Teachers' Seminary in 1976. Zuppiger died in Zürich on 19 February 2016 from cancer. He was aged 63.

References

1952 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from cancer
Swiss politicians
Civil servants
People from St. Gallen
Samuel Willenberg (February 16, 1923 – February 19, 2016) was a Polish-born Israeli prisoner in the Treblinka extermination camp. He was part of its prisoner revolt, and a participant of the Warsaw Uprising. In the uprising, he used the name Igo.

Willenberg was born in Częstochowa, Poland.

After the war he lived in Israel. He received the highest of Poland's orders including Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit. It was awarded by President Lech Kaczyński.

His memoir, titled Revolt in Treblinka, was published in Hebrew, Polish and English between 1986 and 1991. He was a sculptor and painter.

Willenberg died on February 19, 2016 from complications of a stroke in Udim, Israel. He was aged 93. Before his death, he was the last living survivor of Treblinka.

References

Other websites

Michał Grynberg, Maria Kotowska, Życie i zagłada Żydów polskich 1939–1945 (The Life and extermination of Polish Jewry 1939–1945). Warsaw, Oficyna Naukowa 2003, p. 202. . 
Samuel Willenberg, Bunt w Treblince (Revolt in Treblinka). Warsaw, Biblioteka "Więzi" 2004, pp. 9–150. . 
Patrycja Bukalska, "Piekło płonie" (The Hell burns) in: Tygodnik Powszechny [on-line]. Tygodnik.onet.pl, 16/2013 (Special). Accessed August 29, 2013. 
Barbara Engelking, Dariusz Libionka, Żydzi w powstańczej Warszawie (Jews in the Warsaw Uprising). Warsaw, Stowarzyszenie Centrum nad Zagładą Żydów (Center for Holocaust Association) 2009, pp. 75–155. .

1923 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Holocaust survivors
Israeli Jews
Israeli painters
Israeli sculptors
Jewish artists
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Polish Jews
Log Cabin Republicans (LCR) is an organization in the United States. They do work within the Republican Party. They work for equal rights for LGBT people in the United States.

On February 15, 2013, the National Board of Directors made Gregory T. Angelo the director.

History
Log Cabin Republicans began in 1977 in California as a cause for Republicans who were against the Briggs Initiative. The Briggs Initiative would have banned homosexuals from teaching in public schools. It called for the firing of openly gay or lesbian teachers.

Ronald Reagan, who was running for president, was against the Briggs Initiative.

LCR was against the re-election of George W. Bush in 2004 because of his support of the Federal Marriage Amendment.

Platform
LCR acts differently from socially conservative Republicans' views or is neutral. They work for same-sex marriage, domestic partner benefits and permanent removal of the estate tax.

The LCR has no official position on abortion.

References

1977 establishments in the United States
LGBT in the United States
Political organizations based in Washington, D.C.
United States Republican Party
The CAGE questionnaire is a set of four questions about a person's drinking habits.  It is commonly used to test adults for alcoholism.

Because it is so short, doctors often start by using the CAGE questionnaire when they suspect that a patient may be an alcoholic.  People can also do the CAGE questionnaire on their own.

"CAGE" is an acronym for the four questions in the test.

The test
The four questions in the CAGE questionnaire are:

Scoring the test
If a person answers "yes" to a question, they score one point for that question.  If they answer "no" to a question, they score a 0.

If a person scores 2 or more - meaning they answered "yes" to at least two of the four questions - they are likely to have a problem with alcohol.

Scoring 2 or more on the CAGE does not automatically mean that a person is an alcoholic.  However, it does mean that they need more testing to see if they are an alcoholic.

The most important question is the last one.  If a person needs a drink in the morning to feel better, it means they are having alcohol withdrawal symptoms.  This means the person's body is dependent on alcohol.  (The person's body is so used to having alcohol that when it does not have alcohol, even overnight, the person gets sick.)  This is one of the main signs of alcoholism.

Effectiveness
Many studies have shown that the CAGE questionnaire is a good test for alcoholism.  For example, one study showed that:
 77% of people who scored 2 or more on the CAGE were alcoholics
 93% of people who scored less than 2 were not alcoholics

Related pages
 Alcoholism

References

Addiction
Alcohol drinking habits
Medical tests
Badajoz () is the capital of the Badajoz Province in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. The population in 2011 was 151,565.

A major Napoleonic siege was fought here between Britain and France

Town twinning 

  Elvas, Portugal
  Santarém, Portugal
  Nazaré, Portugal
  Blumenau, Brazil
  Granada, Nicaragua

References

Other websites

Cities in Extremadura
Municipalities in Extremadura
Capital cities in Spain
Alcohol tolerance is a special case of drug tolerance: with certain substances, such as alcohol, the body gets used to them. People consume substances such as alcohol, because these substances have certain effects. As the body gets used to the substance, the quantity needed to get the desired effect wil increase.

With certain drugs, the same is true for stopping: directly stopping the drug is dangerous, because of withdrawal symptoms. So the amount of the drug taken has to be reduced in steps, before stopping altogether. There are drugs that can make stopping easier, because they reduce the severity of the withdrawal symptoms.

Alcohol drinking habits
Severe Tropical Cyclone Winston was a tropical cyclone in February 2016. It was the first recorded Category 5 storm to hit Fiji. It was also one of the strongest tropical cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere. Before the storm got to Fiji, many shelters were opened. A curfew was called across the country on 20 February.

The cyclone struck Fiji as a Category 5 tropical cyclone. Winston caused a lot of damage in the islands. It killed twenty-eight people.

In advance of the storm's arrival in Fiji, numerous shelters were opened, and a nationwide curfew was instituted during the evening of 20 February. Striking Fiji at Category 5 intensity on 20 February, Winston inflicted extensive damage on many islands and killed 44 people. Communications were temporarily lost with at least six islands, with some remaining isolated more than two days after the storm's passage. A total of 40,000 homes were damaged or destroyed and approximately 350,000 people—roughly 40 percent of Fiji's population—were significantly impacted by the storm. Total damage from Winston amounted to FJ$2.98 billion (US$1.4 billion). The nation's government declared a state of emergency on 20 February, which remained in place for 60 days. Immediately following the cyclone, the governments of Australia and New Zealand provided logistical support and relief packages. In the following weeks, a coalition of international support, including intergovernmental agencies, brought tens of millions of dollars in aid and hundreds of tons of supplies to residents in Fiji.

References

2016 disasters
2016 in weather
February 2016 events
Fiji
Niue
Tonga
Tropical cyclones in Oceania
Vanuatu
Gilbert R. "Gil" Hill (November 5, 1931 – February 29, 2016) was an American civil servant and movie actor. He was the former President of the Detroit City Council. He was also a corruptpolice officer in Detroit and part-time actor. He was known for his roles in the Beverly Hills Cop movie franchise.

Hill died on February 29, 2016 at DMC Sinai-Grace Hospital in Detroit after a long battle with pneumonia. He was aged 84.

References

Other websites
 Metro Times overview of Hill's 2001 election campaign
 

1931 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Birmingham, Alabama
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
American movie actors
American police officers
Deaths from pneumonia
Politicians from Birmingham, Alabama
Politicians from Detroit, Michigan
Cara McCollum (February 6, 1992 – February 22, 2016) was an American journalist. She was a news presenter for SNJ Today, which she joined in July 2015. She was Miss New Jersey 2013 and competed for the Miss America 2014 title in September 2013. She was born in Forrest City, Arkansas.

McCollum died at the age of 24 on February 22, 2016, in Camden, New Jersey. She died because of injuries she got a week earlier from a car accident.

References

1992 births
2016 deaths
Road accident deaths in New Jersey
American television presenters
American journalists
Models from Arkansas
Writers from Arkansas
The 'Toyota Avalon is a car made by Toyota. It is a full-size car with four doors. As of 2013, the Toyota Avalon is available in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, South Korea, and the Middle East. It is named after Avalon, a legendary island from Celtic legends.

The car was first introduced as a 1995 model. It has sold over 1 million copies since it was introduced.

References

Toyota automobiles
Asha Patil (1936 – 18 January 2016) was an Indian actress of Marathi movies, television and theatre. She was regarded as being one of the best stage and movie actresses of her time. Asha Patil was mostly known for portraying character roles of the Marathi Mother.

Filmography

Films 
 Antaricha Diwa (1960)
 Chandal Choukadi  (1961)
 Manasala Pankha Astat  (1961)
 Shahir Parshuram (1962)
 Rangalya Ratri Asha  (1962)
 Sant Nivrutti Dnyandev   (1964)
 Kamapurata Mama  (1965)
 Sadhi Manasa  (1965)
 Preeti Vivah   (1981)
 Samna (1974)
 Karava Tasa Bharav   (1975)
 Soyarik (1975)
 Tumcha Aamcha Jamala  (1978)
 Bot Lavin Tithe Gudgulya (1978)
 Sasurwashin (1978)
 Banya Bapu  (1977)
 Ram Ram Gangaram  (1977)
 Padarachya Sawalit   (1977)
 Sulavarachi Poli   (1979)
 Mantryachi Sun (1980)
 Utavala Navara   (1989)
 Gavran Gangu (1989)
 Palva Palvi (1990)
 Shubha Bol Narya (1990)
 Maherchi Sadi (1991)
 Sasarcha Dhotar (1994)
 Putravati (1996)
 Vajavu ka 
 Ghe Bharari (2008)
 Maherchi Pahuni

Theatre 
 To Mi Navhech (1962)
 Ekach Pyala (1976)

References 

1936 births
2016 deaths
Indian movie actors
Actors from Mumbai
All Night Long is a 1981 comedy movie starring Barbra Streisand, Gene Hackman, Diane Ladd, Dennis Quaid, Kevin Dobson, and William Daniels. It was written by W. D. Richter and directed by Jean-Claude Tramont.

Box office
The movie was generally a failure. It had an opening weekend of about $1.4 million and grossed around $10 million worldwide. This is a little over $26 million in 2016 dollars. It was nominated for Worst Actress at the Golden Raspberry Awards in 1982.

References 

1981 comedy movies
1980s American comedy movies
The Conosa is one of three subphyla in the Amoebozoa. It is subdivided into two infraphyla – the Mycetozoa and the Archamoebae.
Mycetozoa: a group of slime moulds.
Archamoebae: distinguishing mark: they have no mitochondria.

Conosa includes the species Dictyostelium discoideum and Entamoeba histolytica, among others.

About 2000 species are known, and probably there are many more. Because these cells have few visible characteristics, they do look rather alike: "they exhibit few morphological traits that can be used as taxonomic characters". As their molecular biology becomes known, many species may get split.

References 

Protozoa
Bauré is an Arawakan language native to Bolivia. The language is nearly extinct. It is spoken by only 40 of the thousand Baure people. These people live in the Beni Department northwest of Magdalena, Bolivia. Some parts of the Bible have been translated into Baure. Most Baure people now speak Spanish.

Baure has an active–stative syntax.

References

Other websites
 Lenguas de Bolivia (online edition)
 Documentation of Endangered Languages: Baure

Languages of South America
Wesley Allison Clark (April 27, 1927 – February 22, 2016) was an American computer designer. He created the LINC computer, which was the first mini-computer and shares with a number of other computers (such as the PDP-1) the claim to be the inspiration for the personal computer.

Early life
Clark was born in New Haven, Connecticut. He grew up in Kinderhook, New York and northern California. He graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1947 with an A.B. in Physics. Clark began his career as a physicist at the Hanford Site.

Career
In 1981 Clark received the Eckert-Mauchly Award for his work on computer architecture. He was awarded an honorary degree by Washington University in 1984. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1999. Clark was a charter recipient of the IEEE Computer Society Computer Pioneer Award for "First Personal Computer."

Death
Clark died on February 22, 2016 in New York City from heart disease at the age of 88.

References

Other websites
Wesley Clark article in Smart Computing Encyclopedia
Oral history interview with Wesley Clark. Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota.  Clark describes his research at Lincoln Laboratory and interaction with the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). Topics include various custom computers built at MIT, including the LINC computer; timesharing and network research; artificial intelligence research; ARPA contracting; interaction with IPTO directors; the work of Larry Roberts at IPTO.
Functional Description of the L1 Computer, March 1960 at bitsavers.org
The Logical Structure of Digital Computers, October 1955  at bitsavers.org
Multi-Sequence Program Concept, November, 1954  at bitsavers.org

1927 births
2016 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York City
American computer scientists
Scientists from New Haven, Connecticut
Grant County is a county in Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 24,662. Its county seat is Williamstown.

References

Other websites
 Historical Texts and Images of Grant County

 
1820 establishments in Kentucky
LaRue County is a county in Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,193. Its county seat is Hodgenville, a city best known as the birthplace of United States President Abraham Lincoln.

References

 
1840s establishments in Kentucky
1843 establishments in the United States
Scott County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 47,173. Its county seat is Georgetown.

References

 
1792 establishments in Kentucky
Scott County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 11,233. The county seat is Waldron.

References

 
1833 establishments in Arkansas Territory
Sebastian County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 125,744, making it the fourth-most populous county in Arkansas. The county has two county seats, Greenwood and Fort Smith.

References

Other websites
Sebastian County Online

 
1850s establishments in Arkansas
1851 establishments in the United States
Charles Louis Schultze (December 12, 1924 – September 27, 2016) was an American economist and public policy analyst. He served as the Chairperson of the Council of Economic Advisers during the President Carter Administration.

Schultze was appointed the assistant director of the Bureau of the Budget by President John F. Kennedy in 1962, and was the Director from 1965 until 1968 during President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society agenda.

Schultze was born in Alexandria, Virginia. He studied at Georgetown University and at the University of Maryland, College Park. He was a veteran of WWII, serving in the army in the European theater. Schultze died from complications of sepsis caused by dementia on September 27, 2016 in Washington, D.C., aged 92.

References

Other websites
 Brookings scholar page
 Census Bureau biography
 Selected papers of Charles Schultze cited in the Allan H. Meltzer book A History of the Federal Reserve.

1924 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from sepsis
Deaths from dementia
American economists
United States Council of Economic Advisers
Directors of the Office of Management and Budget
American military personnel of World War II
Politicians from Virginia
US Democratic Party politicians
People from Alexandria, Virginia
École Centrale de Nantes (or Centrale Nantes) is a graduate engineering school in France. Its campus is in Nantes.

It awards the following degrees:
 Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Engineering
Diplôme d'ingénieur - equivalent to a Master of Science and Engineering
Masters of Science, Technology and Health 
Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degrees
Advanced Masters (Mastères Spécialisés)
PhD

Centrale Nantes is a member of the Ecoles Centrale Group, (with CentraleSupélec, Centrale Lille, Centrale Lyon, Centrale Marseille, and Centrale Beijing). The school also takes part in international networks: T.I.M.E (Top Industrial Managers for Europe), RMEI , Magalhaes and Heritage Network. In 2014, the Alliance Centrale - Audencia - ensa Nantes was created, bringing together Centrale Nantes, Audencia Business School and l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Nantes. As part of this alliance the Centrale-Audencia-ensa business incubator was created.

Classes are taught in French and English languages. The school has students from over 70 nationalities.

Admission 
Admission to courses at Master's level is possible after two- or three-year scientific undergraduate studies. The main admission routes are via: 
 a Bachelor degree in science (for the 2-year curriculum), or
 the French nationwide selective examination with numerus clausus : concours Centrale-Supelec (for the 3-year curriculum)
 selection by a partner institution (e.g. Top Industrial Managers for Europe (TIME) double degrees procedures applicable in Europe (2+2-year curriculum, including 2 years in France)

The engineering programme, which leads to the award of diplôme d'ingénieur, typically lasts three years. It involves work experience and time spent abroad. Students who successfully completed Master's level courses earn 300 ECTS credits in the European education system.
 
Students enrolled in a double degree programme spend two years at Centrale Nantes and two years in the partner institution. After these four years a double master's degree is awarded.

Research labs 
Research at Centrale Nantes is centred on three main priorities: factory of the future, energy transition and engineering for health. The main research topics are:
 Ocean engineering and MRE
 Computer science and automation
 Robotics
Energy and engines
Manufacturing and Additive Manufacturing
Engineering for health
 Civil engineering and innovative concrete
 Numerical simulation and high performance computing 
Materials science and composites
 Urban environment

References

More reading 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in France
1919 establishments in France
Nantes
Broca's area is a region in the brain of humans and other hominids. It is in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere, usually the left. It works as part of "speech production".

Language processing has been linked to Broca's area after Pierre Paul Broca. Broca did autopsies on patients who had difficuty speaking when they were alive. He found damage to a particular area of the brain.  They had lost the ability to speak after injury to the posterior inferior frontal gyrus of the brain. 

Since then, the region he identified has become known as Broca's area. The deficit in language production is Broca's aphasia, also called 'expressive aphasia'. 

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified activation patterns in Broca's area associated with various language tasks. However, slow destruction of the Broca's area by brain tumors can leave speech relatively intact. This suggests that, given time, its functions can shift to nearby areas in the brain.

Related pages 
 Cerebral hemisphere
 Lateralization of brain function
 Wernicke's area

References 

Anatomy of the brain
Language
The antbirds are a large passerine bird family, the Thamnophilidae. They are found in subtropical and tropical Central and South America, from Mexico to Argentina. There are more than 200 species called antshrikes, antwrens, antvireos, fire-eyes, bare-eyes and bushbirds.

They are related to the antthrushes and antpittas (family Formicariidae), the tapaculos, the gnateaters and the ovenbirds. Despite some species' common names, this family is not closely related to the wrens, vireos or shrikes.

Antbirds are generally small birds with rounded wings and strong legs. They have mostly dull grey, white, brown and rufous plumage. The two sexes have somewhat different pattern and colouring. Some species communicate warnings to rivals by exposing white feather patches on their backs or shoulders. Most have heavy bills, which in many species are hooked at the tip.

Most species live in forests, although a few are found in other habitats. They eat mostly insects and other arthropods. Small vertebrates are occasionally taken. Most species feed in the understory and midstory of the forest, although a few feed in the canopy and a few on the ground.

About eighteen species specialise in following columns of army ants to eat the small invertebrates flushed out by the ants.

Antbirds are monogamous, mate for life, and defend territories. They usually lay two eggs in a nest.  Both parents share the tasks of incubating eggs  and raising the nestlings. After fledging, each parent cares exclusively for one chick.

Thirty-eight species are threatened with extinction as a result of human activities. The main threat is habitat loss, which lets predators get at their nests more easily.

References 

Tyrannides
The Fort de Joux (or Château de Joux) is a castle, transformed into a fort, in France. It is located in La Cluse-et-Mijoux in the Doubs department in the Jura mountains.

Castles in France
Forts
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Wernicke's area is an area of the brain. It is one of the two parts of the cerebral cortex linked to speech (the other is Broca's area). It is involved in the production of written and spoken language. 

It is in Brodmann area 22, in the dominant cerebral hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is the left in about 95% of right handed individuals, and 60% of left handed individuals. 

As with Broca's area, Wernicke's area was discovered by autopsies of patients who had speech difficulties. Carl Wernicke, a German neurologist, had a patient who could speak quite well, but was unable to understand the speech of others.  After the patient's death, Wernicke found damage to an area at the upper portion of the temporal lobe, just behind the auditory cortex. He thought, correctly, that this area was responsible for speech comprehension. This kind of aphasia is known as Wernicke's aphasia, or receptive aphasia.

"When you ask a person with this problem a question, they will respond with a sentence that is more or less grammatical, but which contains words that have little to do with the question or, for that matter, with each other. Strange, meaningless, but grammatical sentences come forth, a phenomenon called "word salad".Like Broca's area is not just about speech production, Wernicke's is not just about speech comprehension. People with Wernicke's aphasia also have difficulty naming things, often responding with words that sound similar, or the names of related things, as if they are having a very hard time with their mental dictionaries".

Despite the fact that Broca's and Wernicke's areas are in different lobes, they are quite near each other. They are connected by a tract of nerves called the arcuate fascilicus, and by another recently discovered tract.

References 

Anatomy of the brain
Language
In abstract algebra, a monoid is a set of elements
along with an operation that has two key properties:

The operation can combine the elements associatively; e.g. 
There exists an identity element; e.g. , or 

The operation need not have the commutative property.

In computing science common monoids include addition, multiplication, or, and. These properties are useful for various problems e.g. they allow a large set of data to be divided, processed in parallel and combined. As each part produces a monoid, the final combined result will be the same. This also works with more complex monoids, such as a map from words to the number of times they appear in a document.

Character strings also form a monoid over concatenation with the empty string "" as the identity element. Examples of the two properties are "abc" + ("def" + "ghi") = ("abc" + "def") + "ghi" and "abc" + "" = ""+ "abc" = "abc".  This is true even though "abc" + "def" ≠ "def" + "abc".

Other websites 

Algebra
Ryszard Janusz Bender (February 16, 1932 – February 24, 2016) was a Polish politician and historian. He was a specialist on the history of the January Uprising. He was professor of History at John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin.

Life
From 1976 to 1980 and 1985 to 1989, he was a deputy of the Sejm. In 2007, he was elected as a member in the Senate of Poland from the Law and Justice party. He retired from the senate in 2011.

Bender was accused of antisemitism and Holocaust denial after he said that Auschwitz was "not a death camp" but a "labour camp". He later said his remarks were taken out of context. He has also spoken out in defense of Dariusz Ratajczak.

Death
Bender died of a stroke on February 24, 2016 in Lublin, Poland. He was aged 84.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Ryszard Bender 

1932 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Polish politicians
Polish writers
Polish educators
Polish historians
Carlo Biotti (1901 – 10 December 1977) was an Italian judge. He became the President of the Court of Milan. His forced removal from the case brought by the widow of Giuseppe Pinelli against the police commissioner Luigi Calabresi in 1971 became a cause célèbre.

Biotti was the leading judge in the case brought by the widow of Giuseppe Pinelli against the police commissioner Luigi Calabresi.  Calabresi had led the investigation into the Piazza Fontana bombing. Pinelli died in mysterious circumstances during a police interrogation after the bombing. On 27 May 1971, Biotti was removed at the request of Calabresi's lawyer. The lawyer claimed that in a private conversation Biotti had admitted that for career reasons he had already formed an opinion on the case. It was a claim that Biotti vehemently denied.  Neither Biotti nor his two fellow judges were convinced that Pinelli had died from falling from the police station window. His forced removal prevented the exhumation of Pinelli's body, and delayed the investigation for two years.

Biotti fought for years to clear his name and in November 1974 was completely exonerated by the Court of Florence. He died three years later at the age of 76. In the 2012 film Piazza Fontana: The Italian Conspiracy, the character of Carlo Biotti is played by Bob Marchese.

From 1964 Biotti was also a director of A.C. Milan.

References 

Italian judges
1901 births
1977 deaths
Robert J. Walker (known as Bob Walker; February 2, 1929 – February 15, 2016) was an American sailor. He was the third Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy.  On September 26, 1975, Walker was sworn in as the third Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy.  Walker was a much more conservative, traditional MCPON than his predecessor, John Whittet. He retired in the 1980s.

Walker was born in Baldwin, New York. He attended a grammar and high school in Oxford, New York. Walker died of complications from pneumonia in Norfolk, Virginia. He was aged 87.

References

Other websites

 Extensive bio at quarterdeck.org
 Three Stars and a Crow 

1929 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American military people
People from New York
Casas de Reina is a municipality in Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. It has a population of 199.

References

Municipalities in Extremadura
The greater bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea apoda) is a bird-of-paradise in the genus Paradisaea.

Carolus Linnaeus named the species Paradisaea apoda, or "legless bird-of-paradise". Apparently, early trade-skins to reach Europe were prepared without wings or feet by natives. This led to the stary that these birds were beautiful visitors from paradise kept aloft by their plumes and never touched the earth until death. The relevant point is that they were killed and traded for their feathers.

Description
The greater bird-of-paradise is the largest member in its genus. Males measuring up to  (excluding the long twin tail wires). The female is smaller, at only .

The plumage of this species is also sexually dimorphic. The male has an iridescent green face and a yellow with silver crown, head and nape. The rest of the body plumage is maroon-brown. The flank plumes, used in displays, are yellow at the base, turning white and streaked with maroon.

The female has unbarred maroon brown plumage. In both sexes the iris is yellow and the bills blue.

References 

Birds of Asia
Birds of Indonesia
Passeriformes
Birds of Oceania
The Progressive National Baptist Convention, Incorporated (PNBC) is a group of African-American Baptists that supports civil rights and social justice. Since it started, the Convention now has member congregations outside of the United States, particularly in the Caribbean and Europe.

Baptist churches
Christianity in the United States
Ratified on December 15, 1791, the Ninth Amendment (Amendment IX) to the United States Constitution is a part of the United States Bill of Rights. James Madison wanted to make sure that the Bill of Rights was not seen as granting only those rights that it listed. It is one of the least referred to amendments by the Supreme Court. The Ninth Amendment, when mentioned, usually plays a secondary role in supporting a new right. One of the few that depends on the Ninth Amendment is the constitutional right to privacy. What the Ninth Amendment means, simply put, is that the people of the United States have other rights besides those listed in the Constitution.

Text

Rights retained by the people 
In 1787, at the Constitutional Convention, the new Constitution had to be ratified by nine of the thirteen states. Any states that did not ratify the Constitution would not be a part of the United States. Many people opposed the creation of a national government that would have power over the state governments. They were called Anti-Federalists. They believed each state should be a sovereign country. The Federalists wanted a strong central government. In order to pass the Constitution and begin a new form of government a compromise was reached. Leading Federalists such as Patrick Henry and George Mason suggesting adding a Bill of Rights to the Constitution in the form of amendments. On September 25, 1789, Congress approved twelve articles of amendment to the Constitution and submitted them to the states for ratification. On December 15, 1791, the states ratified ten of the amendments which became the Bill of Rights.

Originally the framers of the Bill of Rights wanted to make clear that these rights were not taken to increase the powers of the national government. They were also not intended to guarantee additional rights of the people. The modern interpretation, however, is that the people have rights not listed in the Bill of Rights.

References 

United States Bill of Rights
09
Sir Peter Kenilorea KBE  (23 May 1943 – 24 February 2016) was a Solomon Islander politician, officially styled The Rt Hon. Sir Peter Kenilorea as a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom. He served as the Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands from 1978 to 1981 and again from 1984 to 1986.

Kenilorea died in Honiara on 24 February 2016. He was aged 72.

References

1943 births
2016 deaths
Prime ministers
History of the Solomon Islands
Rafael Iriondo Aurtenechea (24 October 1918 – 24 February 2016) was a Spanish football player and manager. He played as a forward. He won a total of 286 games and scored over 88 goals over the course of 15 seasons. He played for Athletic Bilbao and Real Sociedad. He became a manager, working for nearly 30 years and being in charge of both clubs.

Early life
Iriondo was born in Guernica, Spain.

Career
Iriondo began his career in 1939 with the football team Atlético Tetuán.

After 328 official games for Athletic with 115 goals, Iriondo moved to another team in the region, Barakaldo CF, in 1953. After a couple of months, however, he returned to the top division and joined Real Sociedad. He retired shortly after the end of the 1954–55 season.

Iriondo started coaching quickly after retiring, with modest SD Indautxu in the second division. He continued in his native Basque Country in the following years, with Deportivo Alavés and Barakaldo.

Iriondo retired in 1982 after coaching Real Betis.

Death
Iriondo died on 24 February 2016 in Bilbao, Spain from respiratory failure. He was aged 97.

References

Other websites
National team data  

Spain stats at Eu-Football

1918 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Spanish footballers
Spanish football managers
Peter van de Merwe (13 January 1942 – 24 February 2016) was a Dutch football player. He played as a goalkeeper. Van de Merwe played his entire career for hometown club NAC Breda from 1959 to 1970. Van der Merwe played his final league game against AZ'67 in October 1970. He retired when he was 29 after persisting injury worries. He had played 257 matches for NAC. He was later diagnosed with rheumatics and had to live with a wheelchair. He played his first game for the Netherlands in a May 1962 friendly match against Northern Ireland.

Van de Merwe died in Sint Willebrord, Netherlands on 24 February 2016 from mesothelioma. He was aged 74.

References

Other websites
 EU-Football

1942 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from mesothelioma
Dutch footballers
People from Breda
Sportspeople from North Brabant
A root server is a special server in the domain name system that tells a computer what name servers to use for a single top level domain like .com or .net. There are 13 root servers that are in use. They use the letters A through M.

A root server is used when a computer tries to look up a domain. For example, if a person types www.google.com into a web browser, their computer will ask their ISP what the IP address for www.google.com is. If the ISP's DNS server does not know (does not have it cached), it will ask a root server which DNS server can tell it the address. The ISP's root server will then get the address from the DNS server that the root server tells it to.

History

In 1981, the idea of a domain name system was made as part of RFC 799. RFC 819, RFC 882, and RFC 883 said how DNS was supposed to work and made it easier to understand. In 1984, RFC 920 was the first RFC to say what the top level domains would be for the new DNS. In 1985, the first domain name was made and "modern" DNS began.

References

Internet
Cristiana Corsi (23 April 1976 – 22 February 2016) was an Italian taekwondo specialist. She was born in Rome. She competed in the women's featherweight category. She was thought of as one of Italy's best taekwondo players.

Career
Corsi won a total of nine medals in her career. This includes a gold at the 2002 European Championships in Samsun, Turkey, and a silver in the 59-kg division at the 2003 Summer Universiade in Daegu, South Korea. 

Corsi was also selected to compete for the Italian taekwondo team in two Olympic Games (2000 and 2004). She finished in fifth place in the women's featherweight category (57 kg) each time. Throughout her career, Corsi trained for Rome Taekwondo Centre () in Rome. She trained under head coach and master Park Young-Gil.

Death
Corsi died in Rome on 22 February 2016. She was 39.

References

1976 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Italian sportspeople
People from Rome
Taekwondo practitioners
Yolande Betbeze Fox (November 29, 1928 – February 22, 2016) was an American singer and beauty pageant winner. She was crowned Miss America 1951. She won her first crown in 1949 when she won Mobile's "Miss Torch" pageant. In 1950, she entered Miss Alabama because it offered scholarship opportunities. 

Fox was an active feminist. After her one-year reign as Miss America, she served as an ambassador to Paris. She was active in the NAACP, CORE (Congress of Racial Equality), and SANE (The Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy). She studied philosophy at the New School for Social Research in New York City.

Fox was also an active opera singer and became famous in this area.

Yolande Fox died on February 22, 2016 in Washington, D.C. of lung cancer. She was aged 87.

References

Other websites
 Yolande Betbeze's bio on the Miss America site 
 Miss Alabama official website

1928 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in Washington, D.C.
American activists
Models from Alabama
Singers from Alabama
People from Mobile, Alabama
This article shows the results of the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries. The Republican Party presidential primary is a process of choosing delegates, or people that represent someone, to go to the 2016 Republican National Convention. People in each state will vote on who they think will be good for the presidency, and each candidate gets a certain amount of delegates based on the number of votes they receive.

The primaries began on 1 February 2016 in Iowa. On May 4 2016, Donald Trump became the only candidate left in the race. He became the official Republican nominee on July 19, 2016. Trump would later win the presidency on November 8.

Main candidates 

The following table shows all the candidates who have/had a major campaign.

Results

Top seven 

Legend: 

 Only states that voted with pledged delegates are shown. The states/territories that voted for unpledged delegates are North Dakota, Colorado, Wyoming and Virgin Islands.

Statistics

Related pages 
 Republican Party presidential candidates, 2016
 2016 Republican National Convention
 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
 Results of the Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016

References 

2016 United States presidential election
United States Republican Party
United States presidential primary elections