cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Duke of Rutland is a title in the Peerage of England named for Rutland, a county in the East Midlands. Earldoms named after Rutland have been created twice in history. The ninth earl of the second creation was made a duke in 1703. The surname of the present duke's family is "Manners".  The heir to the title is known as the Marquess of Granby. Other titles: Marquess of Granby (1703), Earl of Rutland (1525), Baron Manners of Haddon (1679) and Baron Roos of Belvoir (1896). The Duke of Rutland is allowed to be addressed as His Grace. The traditional family seats are Haddon Hall in Derbyshire and Belvoir Castle in Leicestershire.

List of Dukes
 
John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland (1638–1711), only son of the 8th Earl
John Manners, 2nd Duke of Rutland (1676–1721), son of the 1st Duke
John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland (1696–1779), eldest son of the 2nd Duke
John Manners, Marquess of Granby (1721–1770), eldest son of the 3rd Duke, predeceased his father
John Manners, Lord Roos (1751–1760), eldest son of Lord Granby, died young
Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland (1754–1787), second son of Lord Granby
John Henry Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland (1778–1857), eldest son of the 4th Duke
George John Henry Manners, Marquess of Granby (1807), eldest son of the 5th Duke, died in infancy
George John Frederick Manners, Marquess of Granby (1813–1814), second son of the 5th Duke, died in infancy
Charles Cecil John Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland (1815–1888), third son of the 5th Duke, died unmarried
John James Robert Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland (1818–1906), fourth son of the 5th Duke
Henry John Brinsley Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland (1852–1925), eldest son of the 7th Duke
Robert Charles John Manners, Lord Manners (1885–1894), elder son of the 8th Duke, died young
John Henry Montagu Manners, 9th Duke of Rutland (1886–1940), younger son of the 8th Duke
Charles John Robert Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland (1919–1999), eldest son of the 9th Duke
David Charles Robert Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland (b. 1959), eldest son of the 10th Duke

The heir apparent is Charles John Montague Manners, Marquess of Granby (b. 1999), elder son of the 11th Duke

References 

English Dukes
Rutland
The title of Duke of Westminster was created by Queen Victoria in 1874. It was given to Hugh Grosvenor, 3rd Marquess of Westminster. The current holder of the title is Gerald Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster. Earl Grosvenor, the only son of the Duke, is godfather to Prince George of Cambridge. The Present Duke is entitled to the style of address of His Grace and the family surname is Grosvenor. The Duke of Westminster's seat is at Eaton Hall, Cheshire. The traditional burial place of the Dukes is St Mary's Church, Eccleston. The title was raised from the rank of Marquess. The family also owned a large townhouse in London called simply "Grosvenor House".

List of Dukes

 Hugh Lupus Grosvenor (1825–1899) Duke from 1874–1899 married Lady Constance Sutherland-Leveson-Gower and later Katherine Cavendish.
 Hugh Grosvenor (1879–1953) Duke from 1899–1953 married Constance Cornwallis-West then Violet Nelson and again to Loelia Ponsonby followed by Anne Sullivan.
 William Grosvenor (1894–1963) Duke from 1953–1963 died unmarried.
 Gerald Grosvenor (1907–1967) Duke from 1963–1967; married Sally Perry.
 Robert Grosvenor (1910–1979) Duke from 1967–1979; married Hon Viola Lyttelton.
 Gerald Cavendish Grosvenor (1951–2016) Duke since 1979; married Natalia Phillips, a distant relative of the British and Russian royal families. He was, according to the Sunday Times Rich List 2016, worth £9.35 billion (c. US$13 billion). He was sixth in the list and the third-richest British citizen. He was the richest member of the peerage, with a wealth significantly greater than Queen Elizabeth.
 Hugh Grosvenor (b. 1991).

Grosvenor House 
The huge family house in Park Lane, London was called Grosvenor House. In its place is now the Grosvenor House Hotel, built on the site. 

The Grosvenor hotel – the venue for some of London's grandest award ceremonies – was sold to Indian conglomerate Sahara for £470m in December 2010. The head of the conglomerate is Sahara India Pariwar.

References

British Dukes and Duchesses
The Canadian Urbanism Institute is a scientific research institute in Toronto, Ontario, in Canada. The institute was established in 1990.

Other websites 
  Canadian Urban Institute

Urban planning organizations
1990 establishments in North America
Toronto
Non-profit organizations
Research organizations
1990s establishments in Canada
Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology is a book written by French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre. Published in 1943, Being and Nothingness aimed to make certain the facts of human existence. Sartre wanted to show that free will exists. It can be considered part of a type of philosophy called existentialism.

References 

 

Works of philosophy
1943 books
Sir Peter Levin Shaffer (15 May 1926 – 6 June 2016) was an English playwright and screenwriter. He was known for his works in Equus, Amadeus, Black Comedy, and in The Royal Hunt of the Sun. He won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for Best Screenwriter.

Shaffer died on 6 June 2016 at the age of 90 while on a trip to the southwest of Ireland.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2016 deaths
Academy Award winners
English playwrights
English screenwriters
Golden Globe Award winners
Writers from Liverpool
Anthony Anderson (born August 15, 1970) is an American actor, writer, Game show host and comedian. He has starred in his own sitcom All About the Andersons, as well as The Bernie Mac Show during the fifth and final season. 

He is known for his leading roles in television dramas, such as K-Ville, The Shield, and Law & Order. Anderson has also had supporting roles in films, such as Transformers, The Departed, Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London, Scream 4, and Kangaroo Jack.

On July 20, 2018, it was revealed that he is being investigated by the Los Angeles Police Department for a sexual assault allegation.

References

Other websites

 
 

1970 births
Living people
American voice actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Compton, California
Screenwriters from California
Comedians from Los Angeles County, California
Michael John Kells Fleetwood (born 24 June 1947) is a British musician and actor, best known for his role as the drummer and co-founder of the rock band Fleetwood Mac.

Discography

Fleetwood Mac 
Studio albums
 Peter's Green Fleetwood Mac (1968)
 Mr. Wonderful (1968)
 Then Play On (1969)
 Kiln House (1970)
 Future Games (1971)
 Bare Trees (1972)
 Penguin (1973)
 Mystery to Me (1973)
 Heroes Are Find to Find (1974)
 Fleetwood Mac (1975)
 Rumours (1977)
 Tusk (1979)
 Mirage (1982)
 Tango in the Night (1987)
 Behind the Mask (1990)
 Time (1995)
 Say You Will (2003)
 TBA (2015)

1947 births
Living people
English rock drummers
English movie actors
People from Cornwall
Ángel Tulio Zof (July 8, 1928 – November 26, 2014) was a former Argentine footballer and coach. He played for Rosario Central, Huracán, Atlanta and Quilmes as a left winger.

Internationally, he played for Canada's Toronto F.C., Philadelphia's Ucranian National and New York's Hakoah. Later, he became the coach of Ledesma de Jujuy, Club Atlético Platense, Atlanta, San Martín (T), Newell's Old Boys, Rosario Central, Los Andes.

Zof died in Buenos Aires, Argentina, aged 86.

References

Other websites
 Once-once.narod.ru Biography 

1928 births
2014 deaths
Argentine footballers
Dorothy Malone (January 30, 1924 – January 19, 2018) was an American actress. She won an Academy Award for her role in Written on the Wind. She also starred in the famous soap opera Peyton Place in the 1960s.

Personal life 
Malone died on January 19, 2018 in Dallas, Texas of natural causes at the age of 93.

References

Other websites 

Dorothy Malone photo gallery
Dorothy Malone at AllMovie.com

Academy Award winning actors
1924 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Disease-related deaths in Texas
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Chicago
John Benedict Hillerman (December 20, 1932 – November 9, 2017) was an American actor. He was born in Denison, Texas. He was known for his starring role as Jonathan Quayle Higgins III on the television show Magnum, P.I.. He starred in Chinatown and Blazing Saddles. He also starred in The Betty White Show. He won a Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award during his career. He retired in 1999.

Hillerman died on November 9, 2017 at his home in Houston, Texas of heart disease at the age of 84.

References

Other websites

1932 births
2017 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Texas
Actors from Texas
American movie actors
American television actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
People from Denison, Texas
Hell in a Cell (2014) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on October 26, 2014 at American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas. It was the sixth Hell in a Cell event held by the WWE. 

There were two main events on the card. The first main event saw John Cena defeat Randy Orton to earn a future WWE World Heavyweight Championship match. The second main event saw Seth Rollins defeated Dean Ambrose to end their feud.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Hell in a Cell 2014 website

2014 in professional wrestling
Sports in Dallas, Texas
World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
2014 in the United States
2010s in Texas
21st century in Dallas, Texas
October 2014 events
The Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit (abbreviated IMWaRU) is a research group. They are part of the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.

Unit Structure
The unit deals with many water issues in industry and mining.

Collaboration
The unit works with the Schools of Law, Chemistry, Civil and Mining engineering at the University.

Members of the group have given presentations at: 
South African Institution of Chemical Engineering 2012 (Champagne Sports Resorts, South Africa);
Water Institute of Southern Africa 2012 (Cape Town, South Africa);
International Conference on Energy, Nanotechnology and Environmental Sciences 2013 (Johannesburg, South Africa);
International Conference on Power Science and Engineering 2013 (Paris, France);
Water in Mining 2013 (Brisbane, Australia);
Water in Mining 2014 (Viña del Mar, Chile);
Water Institute of Southern Africa 2014 (Mbombela, South Africa);
International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage 2015 (Santiago, Chile);
25th Annual SETAC European Meeting 2015 (Barcelona, Spain);
 African Utility Week 2015 (Cape Town, South Africa);
 Sustainability Week 2015 (Water Resource Seminar) (Pretoria, South Africa);
 Life Cycle Management 2015 (Bordeaux, France);
 School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering 21st Birthday conference;
 Water Institute of Southern Africa 2016 (Durban, South Africa)

Location

The main location IMWaRU is in the Richard Ward Building on the East campus of the University.

Research 
The group has a broad range of research publications in the areas as listed below:

 Acid mine drainage (AMD).

 Constructed wetlands (CW)

 Ecological Engineering

 Life-cycle assessment (LCA)

 Water footprinting (WF)

References 

Research organizations
2011 establishments
2010s establishments in South Africa
Bacteriology is the study of bacteria. Bacteriologists study, identify, classify, and describe bacterial species.

Bacteriology and microbiology 
Microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses are studied by "microbiologists". However, bacteriology is a distinct science, because the make-up and inheritance of bacteria is rather different from the other groups.

Related pages 
Bacteria
Microbiology

References

Bacteria
Ferdinand Julius Cohn (24 January 1828 – 25 June 1898) was a German biologist. He is a founder of modern bacteriology and microbiology.

Cohn was born in the Jewish quarter of Breslau in the Prussian Province of Silesia. This is now Wroclaw, Poland. Starting at age 16 he studied botany under Heinrich Goppert at the University of Breslau. He then moved to the University of Berlin. At age 19 in 1847 he received a degree in botany at Berlin. 

In 1849 he returned to the University of Breslau and he remained at that university for the rest of his career as a teacher and researcher. His father had bought for him a large and expensive microscope, which the University of Breslau and most universities did not have at that time. They had microscopes, but not so good as his. It was Ferdinand Cohn's main research tool in the 1850s. 

In the 1850s he studied the growth and division of plant cells. In 1855 he produced papers on the sexuality of Sphaeroplea and later Volvox. In the 1860s he studied plant physiology. Cohn was the first to classify algae as plants, and to define what distinguishes them from green plants. 

From 1870 onward he mostly studied bacteria. He published over 150 research reports during his lifetime. The University of Breslau became an innovative center for plant physiology and microbiology while he was there. His classification of bacteria into four groups based on shape (sphericals, short rods, threads, and spirals) is still in use today. 

Among other things Cohn showed that Bacillus can change from a vegetative state to an endospore when conditions are hard. Heat resistant spores of B. subtilis caused a controversy over spontaneous generation. Cohn explained why boiled infusions of hay and cheese could still get microbial growth.  It was because they contained heat resistant spores.

References

Other websites

 Jewish Encyclopedia entry for Ferdinand Julius Cohn
 Ferdinand Cohn in the Encyclopedia of World Biography, published by Gale Group (2010).

1828 births
1898 deaths
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
German botanists
Jewish German academics
Jewish German scientists
People from former German territories
People from Wrocław
Elimination Chamber (2014) (No Escape (2014) in Germany) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on February 23, 2014 at Target Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was the fifth Elimination Chamber event held by the WWE. 

There were two main events. The first saw The Wyatt Family defeat The Shield and the second saw Randy Orton successfully retain his WWE World Heavyweight Championship in an Elimination Chamber match against Daniel Bryan, John Cena, Cesaro, Christian and Sheamus.

Matches

Entrances and eliminations

References

Other websites
Official Elimination Chamber 2014 website

2014 in American television
2014 in professional wrestling
Elimination Chamber
Sports in Minneapolis, Minnesota
2014 in the United States
History of Minneapolis, Minnesota
Dave is a 1993 American comedy movie directed by Ivan Reitman. It stars Kevin Kline, Sigourney Weaver, Frank Langella, Kevin Dunn, Ving Rhames, and Ben Kingsley.

Plot
It is about the President of the United States (Kevin Kline) suffering a stroke and the White House Chief of Staff (Frank Langella) and assistant (Kevin Dunn) hiring a double (also Kevin Kline) to impersonate the president.

Cast
 Kevin Kline as Dave Kovic/President William Harrison (Bill) Mitchell
 Sigourney Weaver as Ellen Mitchell
 Frank Langella as Bob Alexander
 Kevin Dunn as Alan Reed
 Ving Rhames as Duane Stevensen
 Ben Kingsley as Vice President/President Gary Nance
 Tom Dugan as Jerry
 Charles Grodin as Murray Blum
 Faith Prince as Alice
 Laura Linney as Randi
 Stephen Root as Don Durenberger
 Ralph Manza as White House Barber
 Bonnie Hunt as White House Tour Guide
 Anna Deavere Smith as Mrs. Travis
 Charles Hallahan as Policeman
 Stefan Gierasch as House Majority Leader

Cameos
Politicians
 Senator Christopher Dodd
 Senator Tom Harkin
 Senator Howard Metzenbaum
 Judge Abner J. Mikva
 Speaker of the House Tip O'Neill
 Senator Paul Simon
 Senator Alan K. Simpson

Media personalities
 Frank Mankiewicz
 Fred Barnes
 Eleanor Clift
 Bernard Kalb
 Larry King
 Michael Kinsley
 Morton Kondracke
 Jay Leno
 Chris Matthews
 John McLaughlin
 Robert D. Novak
 Richard Reeves
 Arnold Schwarzenegger
 Ben Stein
 Oliver Stone
 Kathleen Sullivan
 Jeff Tackett
 Helen Thomas
 Nina Totenberg
 Sander Vanocur
 John Yang

Release
It's movie score was composed by James Newton Howard. It was released to very positive reviews on May 7, 1993. It has a 94% on Rotten Tomatoes. Critic Roger Ebert gave the movie 3.5/4 stars. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Screenplay.

References

Other websites

 

1993 movies
American comedy movies
Movies set in Washington, D.C.
Movies composed by James Newton Howard
Movies directed by Ivan Reitman
Warner Bros. movies
Ivan Reitman, OC (October 27, 1946 – February 12, 2022) was a Czechoslovakian-born Canadian movie producer and director of Jewish descent. He is known for directing Ghostbusters, Ghostbusters II, Stripes, Junior, Kindergarten Cop, and No Strings Attached.

Reitman died on February 12, 2022 at his home in Montecito, California at the age of 75.

References

Other websites
 

1946 births
2022 deaths
Canadian Jews
Canadian movie directors
Canadian movie producers
Czechoslovak people
Jewish businesspeople
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Slovakian Jews
Dorothy “Dodo” Bundy Cheney (September 1, 1916 – November 23, 2014) was an American tennis player. She played most of her tennis at the Los Angeles Tennis Club. In 1938, Cheney became the first American to win the women's singles title at the Australian Championships, defeating Dorothy Stevenson in the final. Cheney was born in Los Angeles, California.

Cheney died on November 23, 2014 in Escondido, California at the age of 98.

References

1916 births
2014 deaths
American female tennis players
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Ronald Gerald Wayne (born May 17, 1934) is a retired American electronics industry worker. He co-founded Apple Computer (now Apple Inc.) with Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs. Wayne drew the first Apple logo. He created the partnership agreement. He also wrote the Apple I manual. After two weeks he gave up his share of the new company for a total of $800 USD. His 10% share would be worth 60 billion today.

References 

Apple Inc.
1934 births
Living people
Connie Sawyer, born Rosie Cohen, (November 27, 1912 – January 21, 2018), was an American actress of Jewish descent. She was born in Pueblo, Colorado and grew up in Oakland, California.

Sawyer was known for her roles in The Mary Tyler Moore Show, The Rockford Files, Hawaii Five-O, Dynasty, When Harry Met Sally..., Murder, She Wrote, Home Improvement, Seinfeld, Boy Meets World, Will & Grace, That '70s Show, 8 Simple Rules, ER, How I Met Your Mother and The Office.

Sawyer died of a heart attack at her home in Woodland Hills, California on January 21, 2018 at the age of 105.

References

Other websites
 

1912 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
Actors from Oakland, California
Actors from Colorado
American centenarians
American movie actors
American television actors
Jewish American actors
Jewish centenarians
People from Pueblo, Colorado
Donald Lusk (October 28, 1913 – December 30, 2018) was an American retired animator and director. He worked for The Walt Disney Company.

Lusk was known for his works in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, Fantasia, Bambi, Song of the South, Cinderella, Alice in Wonderland, Peter Pan, Lady and the Tramp and Sleeping Beauty.

Lusk died on December 30, 2018 in San Clemente, California at the age of 105.

References

Other websites
 
 Audio interview with Don Lusk at The Animation Guild

1913 births
2018 deaths
American animators
American centenarians
American movie directors
American television directors
Pueblo is the county seat of Pueblo County, Colorado, United States. The population was 106,595 in 2010 census. It's nickname is "Steel City".

References

Other websites

City of Pueblo website

Cities in Colorado
County seats in Colorado
The Division of Adelaide is an Australian electoral division in South Australia. It includes the Adelaide city centre and the suburbs of Ashford, Clarence Park, Enfield, Goodwood, Kent Town, Keswick, Kilburn, Maylands, North Adelaide, Northgate, Norwood, Parkside, Prospect, Rose Park, St Peters, Toorak Gardens, Unley and Walkerville.

It was set up in 1903 and is named for the city of Adelaide, South Australia's capital, which was named for Queen Adelaide, wife of William IV.

Members

Ernest Roberts was elected in 1908 after a by-election caused by the death of Charles Kingston. Kingston, a former Premier of South Australia, had been elected in 1903 unopposed. However Roberts died in 1913 which also caused a by-election. In 1988 Chris Hurford resigned to become the Australian Consul-General in New York, which also caused a by-election.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results
 2016 election results
 2019 election results

Notes

References
 ABC profile for Adelaide: 2013
 AEC profile for Adelaide: 2013
 Poll Bludger profile for Adelaide: 2013 

Electoral divisions of Australia
South Australia
1903 establishments in Australia
The Norwegian Forest cat ( or ) is a breed of domestic cat found in Northern Europe. This breed is adapted to a very cold climate. It has a double coat. The top coat is glossy, long, water-shedding hairs. It also has a woolly undercoat for insulation. The breed's ancestors may have been brought to Norway by the Vikings.

History 
During World War II, the breed became nearly extinct. A Norwegian cat club helped the breed. They created an official breeding program. It was registered as a breed with the European Fédération Internationale Féline in the 1970s. This was when a local cat fancier, Carl-Fredrik Nordane, took notice of the breed. He made efforts to register it. Currently, the Norwegian Forest breed is very popular in Norway, Sweden, Iceland and France.

References 

Cat breeds
Diss railway station is a station in Diss, Norfolk. The station is operated by Greater Anglia services. Trains go to and from Norwich and London. Diss railway station is part of the National Rail network.

References 

Railway stations in England
Norfolk
Elimination Chamber (2013) (No Escape (2013) in Germany) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on February 17, 2013 at New Orleans Arena in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was the fourth Elimination Chamber event held by the WWE. 

The main even saw The Rock defeat CM Punk to retain his WWE Championship. Jack Swagger defeated Daniel Bryan, Chris Jericho, Kane, Mark Henry and Randy Orton in the Elimination Chamber match for a World Heavyweight Championship match against Alberto Del Rio at WrestleMania 29.

Matches

Entrances and eliminations

References

Other websites
Official Elimination Chamber 2013 website

2013 in American television
2013 in professional wrestling
Elimination Chamber
Sports in New Orleans, Louisiana
2010s in New Orleans, Louisiana
Hurricane Edna was a powerful hurricane that hit the East Coast of the United States in September 1954. This storm made landfall over Cape Cod. New Hampshire and Maine were hit very hard. The storm caused 20 deaths. Edna hit a few days after Hurricane Carol had hit the same area.

References 

Edna
1954 in the United States
20th century in New Hampshire
20th century in Maine
Charles Albert "Charlie" Hall, Jr. (May 7, 1930 – November 20, 2014) was an American firefighter, labor activist, academic, and politician. He served in the Florida House of Representatives from the 118th district. He served as a representative from 1980 through 1982. He was a professor at Florida International University.

Hall was born in Miami, Florida, and died in Tallahassee, Florida, aged 84.

References

1930 births
2014 deaths
American academics
Firefighters
Politicians from Miami, Florida
Trade unionists
US Democratic Party politicians
Educators from Miami, Florida
Bojihwayangdong buralsongseonsaeng () is a bilingual pun in Classical Chinese and Korean. It is part of the literature of the Joseon period of Korea. It has historically been used as a source of humour in Korean.

When Heo Mok was ordered to attend the academy of the more senior scholar Song Siyeol at Hwayang-dong, he made the journey. Once he got there, he was forced to wait for a long time. Then he found out the appointment had been cancelled. Heo Mok angrily stated "bojihwayangdong buralsongseonsaeng". In Classical Chinese, the statement means "Walked to Hwayang-dong; did not see teacher Song", but in native Korean, boji () refers to "female genitals", while bural () means "testicles", making the expression additionally mean "cunt Hwayang-dong; testicles teacher Song".

References

Sources
 정운채, 강미정 외, 문학치료 서사사전 2:설화편(서사와문학치료연구소 문학치료총서 3) (문학과 치료, 2009년)

Other websites
 송 정승과 허 정승에 얽힌 화양동 일화:향토문화자원  "Folk Cultural Resources: The Tangled Anecdote of Minister Song and Minister Heo at Hwayang-dong" 
 화양구곡과 우암 송시열  "Hwayang Gugok and Song Si-yeol" 

History of Korea
Figures of speech
The world's 100 most threatened species was chosen by over 8,000 scientists from the IUCN Species Survival Commission (IUCN SSC), and the Zoological Society of London. The report was published by the Zoological Society of London in 2012 as the book, Priceless or Worthless? 

The species are threatened with extinction, and they have no obvious benefit for humans. This was deliberate, to avoid "vested interests". Iconic and charismatic species, such as tigers and pandas, and economically important species, have many defenders. These apparently "worthless" species had none. The title of the report, "Priceless or Worthless?", is based on that shared quality of the species. The report's co-author, Ellen Butcher, stated one of the guiding principles of the list, "If we take immediate action we can give them a fighting chance for survival. But this requires society to support the moral and ethical position that all species have an inherent right to exist".

Scientists are finding they have to justify funding for protection by showing what the human benefits would be. Jonathan Baillie, of the Zoological Society of London, said "The donor community and conservation movement are increasingly leaning towards a 'what can nature do for us?' approach, where species and wild habitats are valued and prioritised according to these services they provided for people. This has made it increasingly difficult for conservationists to protect the most threatened species on the planet".

Some of the threatened species are down to only a handful of surviving members. Santa Catarina’s guinea pig, native to a single island in Brazil, is down to its last 40–60 individuals, reduced by hunting and habitat disturbance. The Great Indian bustard is threatened by habitat loss resulting from agriculture and human development, and is down to the last 50–250 individuals. Elaeocarpus bojeri, a flowering plant found only on the island of Mauritius, has fewer than 10 surviving individuals, because of loss of habitat. The Baishan fir (Abies beshanzuensis), native to China, is down to five surviving mature individuals. Priceless or Worthless? describes the threats that each species is facing, and measures that would help their survival.

Species list

References 

Lists of animals
Lists of plants
Conservation
Pierre Eugene Bérégovoy (23 December 1925 - 1 May 1993) was a French socialist politician.

Bérégovoy was born to a French mother and Ukrainian father in Déville-les-Rouen. Bérégovoy was Prime Minister of France from 1992-1993. He shot himself dead in Nevers.

References 

1925 births
1993 deaths
Prime Ministers of France
People from Normandy
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Suicides by firearm
Suicides in France
French Ministers of Finance
The silky sifaka (Propithecus candidus), is a large lemur with long, silky white fur. It has a small range in northeastern Madagascar, where it is known locally as the simpona. It is one of the rarest mammals on Earth, and is listed by the IUCN as one of the world's 25 most endangered primates. The silky sifaka is one of nine species in the genus Propithecus. The species is only found within a few protected areas in the rainforests of northeastern Madagascar, with most of the remaining population in Marojejy National Park and Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve.

The silky sifaka has a social structure, and lives in groups of two to nine individuals.  It spends most of its day feeding and resting, and spends time to social behaviors like playing, grooming and travelling.  Females occasionally take priority over males during feeding.  Like other eastern sifakas, it eats mainly leaves and seeds, but also fruit, flowers, and even soil on occasion.

It is a seasonal breeder and only mates one day a year during the start of the rainy season.  As with other sifaka species, non-maternal infant care is common.  Group members of all ages and both sexes will often groom, play, occasionally carry, and even nurse infants that are not their own.  The silky sifaka vocalizes frequently, and relies strongly on scent for communication.

References 

Lemuriformes
Mammals of Africa
An antiquarian or antiquary (from the , meaning related to ancient times) is a student of antiquities or things of the past. More specifically, the term is used for those who study history with particular attention to ancient artifacts. This includes archaeological and historic sites, or historic archives and manuscripts. The essence of antiquarianism is a focus on the empirical evidence of the past. It may be better explained by the motto adopted by the 18th-century antiquary, Sir Richard Colt Hoare, "We speak from facts not theory".

Antiquarian societies 
In the 18th century a new form of humanism emerged. Learned men and those interested in history formed new antiquarian societies. They were not associated with universities. They were formed by gentlemen of means and leisure, They had a growing interest in ancient Greece. A fortunate few, mainly Englishmen and Frenchmen, could visit these sites. A lucky few could even afford books illustrating these antiquities. Many early antiquarians were self-taught. These gentlemen scholars prepared papers on their findings and debated these in the society meetings. At times they disagreed with the new academic approach to history. By the end of the 19th century, antiquarianism had been replaced by a number of more specialized academic disciplines. These included archaeology, art history, numismatics, sigillography, philology, literary studies and diplomatics. Today the term is often used in a pejorative sense. It is used to refer to a very narrow focus on historical trivia instead of the actual history. 

An antiquarian may also be someone who collect or study antiques.

Related pages 
 Historian
 Collector
 Connoisseur
 Archaeology

References

Other websites 
 Antiquarianism and history

Books
Hazrat Shah Jalal (, , full name: Shāh Jalāl ad-Dīn al-Mujarrad al-Turk al Naqshbandi) is a celebrated Sufi Muslim figure in Bengal. Jalal's name is associated with the Muslim movement into northeastern Bengal. Also he is associated with the spread of Islam in Bangladesh through Sufism. Jalal was originally a Turkestani. He arrived at Sylhet in 1303. This is according to a tablet inscription found in Amber Khana, Sylhet. Dhaka renamed Zia International Airport to Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport. Dhaka and Sylhet had named a University known as Hazrat Shahjalal University of Science and Technology.  The Mazarin is located at Chittagong.

References 

Yemen
History of Bangladesh
Islam
Typhoon Matmo (also Typhoon Henry) was a tropical cyclone. The storm struck Taiwan in July 2014. The storm also hit eastern China.

Damage totaled $567 million. Sixty-two people died from the typhoon.

2014 disasters
2014 in weather
Matmo
July 2014 events
2010s in Taiwan
2014 in China
Lucidio Sentimenti (also known as Sentimenti IV; 1 July 1920 – 28 November 2014) was an Italian football player from Bomporto in the Province of Modena. He played club football for several clubs including Juventus and Lazio. He also played for the Italian national football team nine different times.

Sentimenti died in Turin, Italy, aged 94.

References

1920 births
2014 deaths
1950 FIFA World Cup players
Italian footballers
Sportspeople from Emilia-Romagna
Mark Strand (April 11, 1934 – November 29, 2014) was a Canadian-American poet, essayist, and translator. He was appointed Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1990. He was a professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University. Strand was born in Summerside, Prince Edward Island.

Strand died on November 29, 2014, in Brooklyn, New York City from liposarcoma, aged 80.

References

Other websites

1934 births
2014 deaths
Educators from New York City
American poets
Canadian poets
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from liposarcoma
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from New York City
John Christian "Chris" Meffert (August 11, 1943 – November 13, 2014) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as Mayor of Ocala, Florida from 1977 through 1980. He then served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1980 through 1988. Meffert was born in Ocala, Florida.

Meffert died in Salt Springs, Florida from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), aged 71.

References

1943 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from motor neurone disease
American mayors
Politicians from Florida
People from Ocala, Florida
US Democratic Party politicians
A whoopee cushion, also known as a  razzberry Cushion, is a practical joke device, used in a form of flatulence humour. It produces a noise resembling a "raspberry" or human flatulence. It is made from two sheets of rubber that are glued together at the edges. There is a small opening with a flap at one end for air to enter and leave the cushion. It is used by first inflating with air, then place it under a chair cushion for an unsuspecting victim to sit on. It is intended to embarrass the person. The Roman Empress Elagabalus was known to use an early version of a whoopee cushions at dinner parties. It is very similar to a pig-bladder used by court Jesters in the middle ages. It would produce the same results. The modern version was re-invented in the 1920s by the JEM Rubber Co. of Toronto, Canada. Employees were experimenting with scrap sheets of rubber to produce the gag item.

References 

Pranks
The Eurasian teal, common teal, or Eurasian green-winged teal (Anas crecca)  is a duck that lives in Europe and Asia. It is the only kind of teal in most places. Teal is also the name of a color between blue and green. The bird has this color round its eyes.

The teal mates where the weather is temperate, but in winter it flies south to avoid the cold. When it is not starting a family, the teal likes to be with other teals. It often lives in places where the ground is very wet and the wind is usually not strong. It does not go under the water to find its food. Instead, it stays on top of the water and eats seeds and bugs that live in the water.

Some scientists think that another kind of teal, the North American green-winged teal (A. carolinensis), is a kind of common teal

References 

Ducks
John T. Chisholm (born in Milwaukee in 1963) is the district attorney of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.  He has held this office since 2007.  Chisholm is known for his successful prosecution of corrupt politicians and police officers, serial killer Walter Ellis, crime boss and preacher Michael Lock, and many associates of Governor Scott Walker.

References

1963 births
Living people
People from Wisconsin
The GKD1 (D1) is a kind of diesel locomotive used in China. It was built by Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Works.

Other websites 
Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Works: GKD1 Diesel Electric Locomotive

Bo-Bo locomotives
Rail transport in China
Locomotives of China
Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever is a television Christmas movie that stars the famous internet celebrity animal, Grumpy Cat. The movie was first shown on the Lifetime network on November 29, 2014. 

It stars Megan Charpentier as a young girl who adopts Grumpy Cat. Then she finds out that she and the cat can really talk with one another. 

The voice of Grumpy Cat is spoken by the actress Aubrey Plaza. She did not know about Grumpy Cat before working in the movie. To prepare, she learned all about Grumpy's behavior. The movie had already been made when Aubrey did the cat's voice part. Instead of using her script, she made up most of Grumpy's lines that ended up in the movie.

Plot 
Grumpy Cat is a lonely cat living in a pet shop in a shopping mall. The pet shop is going to go out of business and be shut down. Grumpy is sad and upset because she is not getting picked to get a new home, while other animals are being adopted. 

Chrystal is a lonely 12-year-old girl who comes into the pet store right before Christmas and falls in love with Grumpy Cat. Grumpy finds out that she can communicate by talking with this girl. Chrystal is also amazed to find out that Grumpy Cat can talk. At first, the two do not get along with one another. While visiting in the pet shop during the Christmas holidays, they slowly become friends. 

Chrystal really likes Grumpy after they have an exciting adventure. A dog that costs a lot of money is about to be dognapped from the pet shop. Even though Grumpy does not like the dog, she stops the theft of the dog from happening.

Cast
Aubrey Plaza does the Grumpy Cat voice
Daniel Roebuck plays George
Megan Charpentier plays Chrystal
Grumpy Cat plays Herself
Russell Peters plays Santa
Chris Williams does the voice for Lance the hamster

Reception
Reviews for Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever have been both negative and postive. The AV Club and Entertainment Weekly both did not like the movie. AV Club said it was "the largest turd in Lifetime's crap crown of original programming." The Guardian and St. Louis Post Dispatch were a bit more positive in their reviews. The St. Louis Post Dispatch said that although the film was "terrible" they still enjoyed it overall.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever Rotten Tomatoes
 Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever Metacritic

Television movies
Movies about cats
Christmas movies
Freaks and Geeks is a 1999-2000 American comedy-drama television show on NBC. It is set at a high school in Detroit, Michigan in 1980. Freaks and Geeks has a cult following. The series appeared on Time magazine's 2007 "100 Greatest Shows of All Time" list. It also placed number 13 on the "Best 20 Shows of the Decade".

References 

1999 American television series debuts
2000 American television series endings
1990s American comedy television series
1990s American drama television series
1990s comedy-drama television series
1990s teen television series
2000s American comedy television series
2000s American drama television series
2000s comedy-drama television series
2000s teen television series
American comedy-drama television series
American teen comedy television series
American teen drama television series
Detroit, Michigan
Michigan in fiction
NBC network shows
Period television series
Works set in the 1980s
English-language television programs
"You're So Vain" is a 1972 pop ballad, written and performed by Carly Simon.

This song is about an arrogant (or unkind) man. Some people wondered who was so vain? She told later in the newspaper that the person’s name contains the letter E. This song is also well-known that Mick Jagger joined and sang backup on the record. Simon also played the piano in the record. It was released in November, 1972.

The song has been covered by many artists.

notes

Outer links 
You're so Vain (1972) from album "No Secrets" at YouTube

1970s songs
Narcissism in fiction
Pop songs
Pop ballads
"More, More, More" is a pop single by Andrea True Connection. The song was sampled for Len's 1999 "Steal My Sunshine".

The song was covered by other artists, including Samantha Fox, Bananarama and Rachel Stevens.

This song hit #4 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was released in February 1976.

1976 songs
Pop songs
Anja Sofia Tess Pärson (; born 25 April 1981) in Tärnaby, Sweden is a Swedish former alpine skier. She won several Olympic titles and World Championship titles. In 2003 and 2004, she also won the total Alpine Skiing World Cup. Totally, she won 42 World Cup events.

References

Other websites

Living people
Swedish skiers
1981 births
LGBT rights activists
LGBT sportspeople
Lesbians
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists
Olympic gold medalists
Olympic silver medalists
Swedish Olympians
Swedish sportspeople
Marina Charlotte Kalla (born 22 July 1987 in Tärendö, Sweden) is a Swedish cross-country skier. She has competed at the international level since the 2003-2004 season. She won a bronze medal at the women's 4 x 5 kilometre relay event during the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec in the Czech Republic.

On 6 January 2008, she won the second edition of the Tour de Ski event.

On 6 May 2012, she signed for Piteå Elit for the 2012/2013 season.

References

Other websites

 17 March 2005 Charlotte Kalla interview at SVT's open archive 

1987 births
Living people
Swedish skiers
Antje Jackelén, born 4 June 1955 in Herdecke, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany, is the Protestant (Lutheran) archbishop of Uppsala in Sweden. She is primate (prima inter pares) of the Church of Sweden. On 15 October 2013, she was elected the 70th Archbishop of Uppsala. She was formally received through a service inside the Uppsala Cathedral on 15 June 2014. This made her the Church of Sweden's first archbishop to be born outside Sweden since the 12th century. She also became the denomination's first female archbishop.

References

Other websites

1955 births
Living people
Archbishops of Uppsala
German Lutherans
People from North Rhine-Westphalia
Swedish clergy
Jan Ingemar Stenmark (), born 18 March 1956 in Joesjö, Sweden  is a Swedish former Alpine World Cup skier. He competed at international level between the early 1970s and the late 1980s. He won several titles during the World Championship titles, the Olympic Games and the World Cup.

References

Other websites

 

1956 births
Living people
1988 Winter Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists
Olympic gold medalists
Swedish Olympians
Swedish skiers
The title of Duke of Bedford is a British title has been created several times and is today held by the Russell family since 1694. The heir to the title is usually given the title of "Marquess of Tavistock". The family seat is Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire. The private mausoleum and chapel of the Russell Family and the Dukes of Bedford is at St. Michael’s Church in Chenies, Buckinghamshire. The family owns the Bedford Estate in central London. The duke is entitled to the style of address of His/Your Grace.

Dukes of Bedford, sixth Creation (1694) 
Other titles: Marquess of Tavistock (1694), Baron Howland (1695), Earl of Bedford (1551), Baron Russell (1538) and Baron Russell of Thornhaugh (1603)
 William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford (1616–1700), was created Duke of Bedford in 1694, after the Glorious Revolution
 Wriothesley Russell, 2nd Duke of Bedford (1680–1711), only son of Rt. Hon. William Russell, Lord Russell (whose attainder had been reversed in 1688)
 Wriothesley Russell, 3rd Duke of Bedford (1708–1732), third son of the 2nd Duke, died without issue
 John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford (1710–1771), fourth and youngest son of the 2nd Duke
 Francis Russell, 5th Duke of Bedford (1765–1802), eldest son of Lord Tavistock, died without issue
 John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford (1766–1839), second son of Lord Tavistock
 Francis Russell, 7th Duke of Bedford (1788–1861), eldest son of the 6th Duke
 William Russell, 8th Duke of Bedford (1809–1872), only son of the 7th Duke, died unmarried
 Francis Charles Hastings Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford (1819–1891), eldest son of Maj.-Gen. Lord George Russell, second son of the 6th Duke
 George William Francis Sackville Russell, 10th Duke of Bedford (1852–1893), eldest son of the 9th Duke, died without children
 Herbrand Arthur Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford (1858–1940), second son of the 9th Duke
 Hastings William Sackville Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford (1888–1953), only son of the 11th Duke
 John Ian Robert Russell, 13th Duke of Bedford (1917–2002), eldest son of the 12th Duke
 Henry Robin Ian Russell, 14th Duke of Bedford (1940–2003), eldest son of the 13th Duke
 Andrew Ian Henry Russell, 15th Duke of Bedford (b. 1962), eldest son of the 14th Duke

The heir apparent is the present holder's only son Henry Robin Charles Russell, Marquess of Tavistock (b. 2005).

English Dukes
Christine McVie (born Christine Anne Perfect on 12 July 1943) is an English singer-songwriter and keyboardist. She is best known for being a member of rock band Fleetwood Mac. Eight songs written and sung by McVie are on the band's Greatest Hits album. They include "Don't Stop", "Little Lies", "Everywhere" and "You Make Loving Fun". She has also released three solo albums.

In 1998, as a member of Fleetwood Mac, McVie was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. She also received the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. After retiring from the band, she worked on solo material. McVie appeared on stage with Fleetwood Mac at London's O2 Arena in September 2013. She rejoined the band in January 2014. Her first full shows since her return were during Fleetwood Mac's On with the Show tour in October 2014. In 2014, McVie received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Lifetime Achievement.

Discography
With Fleetwood Mac:
 Future Games (1971)
 Bare Trees (1972)
 Penguin (1973)
 Mystery to Me (1973)
 Heroes Are Hard to Find (1974)
 Fleetwood Mac (1975)
 Rumours (1977)
 Tusk (1979)
 Mirage (1982)
 Tango in the Night (1987)
 Behind the Mask (1990)
 Time (1995)
 The Dance (1997)

References

1943 births
Living people
British singer-songwriters
Keyboardists
People from Cumbria
We Were Gentlemen is an American metalcore band. It formed in 2005 in Virginia Beach, Virginia. They split in 2010.

Discography
Studio albums
 Living Hell (2009)

2005 establishments in the United States
2010 disestablishments in the United States
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Metalcore bands
Musical groups disestablished in 2010
Musical groups established in 2005
Musical groups from Virginia
Virginia Beach, Virginia