cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
MindFreedom International is an international coalition of over one hundred groups and thousands of individual members from fourteen nations. Based in the USA, it was founded in 1990 to protest against forced medication, medical restraints, and involuntary electroconvulsive therapy in psychiatry. It protects the rights of people who have been labeled with psychiatric disorders. MindFreedom has been recognized by the United Nations Economic and Social Council as a human rights NGO. David Oaks is the founder and executive director of MindFreedom International.

References

Other websites and References
 MindFreedom.org - MindFreedom International homepage
 Utne.com  - "Freeing Your Mind", Keith Goetzman, Utne (May/June, 2006)
 PsychiatryOnline.org - 'Evolution of the Antipsychiatry Movement Into Mental Health Consumerism', Psychiatric Services, Rissmiller and Rissmiller, 57 (6): 863 (2006)
  IndyStar.com - 'Eli Lilly to bolster Zyprexa warning', John Russell, Indianapolis Star (October 6, 2007)
 RegisterGuard.com - 'Rights group up against Eli Lilly', Susan Palmer, The Register Guard, (January 15, 2007)
 Oaks, David W. (2007). ‘MindFreedom International: Activism for Human Rights as the Basis for a Nonviolent Revolution in the Mental Health System’. In Peter Stastny & Peter Lehmann (Eds.), Alternatives Beyond Psychiatry (pp. 328–336). Berlin / Eugene / Shrewsbury: Peter Lehmann Publishing.  (UK),  (USA).
 Oaks, David W. (2007). ‘MindFreedom International  Engagement für Menschenrechte als Grundlage einer gewaltfreien Revolution im psychosozialen System’. In Peter Lehmann & Peter Stastny (Eds.), Statt Psychiatrie 2 (pp. 344–352). Berlin / Eugene / Shrewsbury: Antipsychiatrieverlag. .

1990 establishments in the United States
Psychiatry
Medical and health organizations in the United States
Human rights organizations in the United States
Eugene, Oregon
Toby Bourke (7 February 1965) is an Irish singer and songwriter. He was brought up in London where he was a key figure in London’s Irish rock scene for twenty years.
He has recorded three albums, two in-studio and one live, and currently has a fourth in production. Blood Sweat and Tears was recorded live at The Swan in Stockwell, London in 1992. In 1996 he was signed by George Michael for his Aegean label. He recorded a duet with Michael called "Waltz Away Dreaming" in 1997. The song was a top 10 hit, but the Aegean label folded soon after. "Waltz Away Dreaming" was included on Bourke’s next album Room 21. 

He continues to write and record from his base in Ireland where he lives with his wife and children. Toby Bourke is rumoured to be planning a tour for later in 2012. He is also rumoured to be writing a humorous, novel form account of his time in the music business.

References

1965 births
Living people
Irish singers
Songwriters
Marbles is a game played with small, round glass balls called marbles. 
 
The balls vary in size. Usually they are about 1/2 inch to 1 inch (1.3 to 2.6 cm) in diameter, but they may range from less than 1/30 inch (0.111 cm) to over 3 inches (7.75 cm).

As the photographs show, the little glass balls can be most attractive, and they are often collected by children. In the North of England the objects and the game are sometimes called 'taws'.

The games has been played in many countries, but the rules are made up by the players, and there are many variations. One standard idea is to have a target marble. Players flick their marbles with their thumbnail, and try to hit the target. Another version is where players try to hit each other's marbles out of a target zone.

Marbles were found in the ancient civilisations of Mohenjo-daro, Ancient Egypt and Rome.

Tinsley Green 
Marbles has been played in Tinsley Green, West Sussex, England for many centuries: TIME magazine traces its origins to 1588.

The British and World Marbles Championship have been held at Tinsley Green every year since 1932. The first championship in 1932 was won by a team from the Black Horse public house in nearby Charlwood.

Traditionally, the marbles-playing season started on Ash Wednesday and lasted until midday on Good Friday: it was thought playing after that brought bad luck.  More than 20 teams from around the world take part in the championship each Good Friday. German teams have been successful several times since 2000. Often, local teams from Crawley, Copthorne and other Sussex and Surrey villages also take part.

References 

Toys
Games
The Asssam-Tibet earthquake, also called the Assam earthquake, happened on 15 August 1950. The earthquake had a magnitude of 8.6. It killed 1,526 people. It was the 6th biggest earthquake of the 20th century. It is also the biggest earthquake on record that was not caused by an oceanic subduction. Instead, it was caused by two continental plates converging (crashing together).

References

1950
1950s in China
1950s in India
Earthquakes in China
Earthquakes in Asia
August events
A marble is a small toy often made from glass, clay, steel, plastic, or agate. They have different sizes. Most often, they are about  in diameter, but they may be less than  to over , while some glass marbles for art are over  wide. Marbles can be used for of games called marbles. They are often collected, both for fun and for their colors. In the North of England, the toys and the game are called "taws", with larger taws being called bottle washers after the use of a marble in Codd-neck bottles, which were often found for play. These toys can be used to make marble runs, a form of art, or they can be used in marble races, a kind of race using marbles.

Toys
Joachim Gauck (24 January 1940) is a German politician and former Lutheran pastor. From 2012 to 2017, Gauck was the eleventh President of Germany after the Second World War. Gauck was elected with 991 votes of 1,232 voting people.

References 

1940 births
Living people
Christian ministers
Former members of the German Bundestag
German Lutherans
Members of the Volkskammer
People from Rostock
Politicians from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Presidents of Germany
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen () is the second public broadcasting coorparation that was founded in Germany. The head office is in the city of Mainz. The service is also available for free in high definition.

Famous TV programmes 
Famous TV programmes of the ZDF are:
 Aktenzeichen XY ungelöst
 The news show "heute" which also includes "heute journal", "heute nacht", "heute am mittag", "heute in europa" and "heute in deutschland".

Other TV broadcasting services 
Other TV broadcasting services of the ZDF are:
 ZDF hd (hd service of the ZDF)
 ZDF info (digital service, which is also available in hd)
 ZDF neo (digital service, which is also available in hd)
 ZDF kultur (closed, replaced by Funk a collaborative of ARD / ZDF)
 3sat (International service of ARD, ZDF, ORF and SF, which is also available in hd)
 Arte (International service of ARD, ZDF and France Télévisions, which is also available in hd)
 Phoenix (news and politics service of ARD and ZDF, which is also available in hd))
 KIKA (television service for children, which is also available in hd)

1963 establishments in Europe
Television stations
German television networks
Mainz
1960s establishments in Germany
Henry Graham Greene  (2 October 1904 – 3 April 1991) was a British writer.

Greene was born in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire. His family was wealthy and had owned slave plantations in Montserrat and St. Kitts. He graduated with a second-class degree from Balliol College, Oxford. He was a journalist before he became a novelist.

Greene wrote novels, autobiographies, travel books, plays, screenplays, short stories and children's books. His Catholicism influenced his work.

Greene had bipolar disorder. He died of leukaemia in Vevey, Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
 

Alumni of the University of Oxford
British children's writers
Cancer deaths in Switzerland
Deaths from leukemia
English autobiographers
English journalists
English novelists
English playwrights
English Roman Catholics
English screenwriters
People with bipolar disorder
Writers from Hertfordshire
1904 births
1991 deaths
The International Bear Brotherhood Flag is a flag representing the international bear community. The design was probably inspired by the Gay Rainbow Flag and the Leather Pride Flag. The colors represent all the "fur colors and nationalities around the world." The flag was trademarked in 1995. It has been heavily marketed. It appears on tee shirts, baseball caps, license plates, and other items. Two bear flags preceded the International Bear Brotherhood Flag. A flag created by the Front Range Bears was introduced in 1992. It appeared in pride parades in Denver, San Francisco, and the 1993 March on Washington, DC. Colors used for the five diagonally placed stripes were gold, grey, brown, white, and black. Another bear flag was produced in Seattle. It is not seen outside the Northwest. It too uses diagonal stripes.

References 

Bear (gay male)
Flags
Antwaan Randle El (born August 17, 1979) is an American football wide receiver, who is currently a free agent. He went to Indiana University, after turning down a Major League Baseball draft selection by the Chicago Cubs in 1997. At Indiana, he mainly played college football for the Indiana Hoosiers, as well as basketball and baseball.

College career

Randle El played college football for Indiana.

Professional career
In the National Football League, Randle El was mostly known for his two stints with the Pittsburgh Steelers. He also played for the Washington Redskins. In a Super Bowl XL win with the Steelers, Randle El threw a touchdown pass to fellow wide receiver Hines Ward. Ward left Pittsburgh that next year to play with the Redskins, where he was mostly used as a returner. Randle El played for the Steelers again in 2009. He is now a free agent.

Personal
Randle El's younger brother, Marcus, was a wide receiver and kick returner for the University of Wisconsin, while his older brother Curtis was a defensive back at Indiana University. Antwaan is married to Jaune. The couple has four children: Eden, Aunnna, Arynn and Alexa. Randle El has a child, Ciara, with college girlfriend Tashia.  Randle El also co-hosted Redskins Gameday on WTTG in 2007. Randle El has sometimes been a commentator, and is a Christian.

References
 Steelers resign Clark, bring back Randle El
 Redskins add Randle El to receiving corps-ESPN

Other websites
 Washington Redskins bio 
 ESPN Profile

1979 births
Living people
American Christians
African-American people
American football wide receivers
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Washington Redskins players
Sportspeople from Illinois
Jay Christopher Cutler is an American football quarterback for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League. He went to Heritage Hills High School, where he also played safety, and led his team to the IHSAA Football Finals. He played for the Vanderbilt Commodores football team during his college days, with his final play being a touchdown throw to future Bears teammate Earl Bennett. He formerly played for the Denver Broncos, who drafted him in the first round of the 2006 NFL Draft. Cutler was traded to Chicago for Kyle Orton and a first-round pick in 2009. Cutler was named to the Pro Bowl in 2008. In 2010, after the Bears' loss to the Green Bay Packers in the Conference Championship, people criticized Cutler, calling him a quitter after he hurt his knee. In 2012, Cutler was reunited with Brandon Marshall, who played with him in Denver, as well as Jeremy Bates, who was his quarterbacks coach in Denver. Cutler was also a Bears fan during his youth.

References

Other websites
 Jay Cutler Website 
 Chicago Bears Bio on Cutler 

American football quarterbacks
Chicago Bears players
Denver Broncos players
1983 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Indiana
Burnell Micheal "Mike" Wallace III (born August 1, 1986 in New Orleans, Louisiana) is an American football player. He plays as a wide receiver for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Steelers in the third round of the 2009 NFL Draft. He played college football at Mississippi. Wallace had success while playing, and was a useful deep threat.

References

Living people
1986 births
American football wide receivers
Sportspeople from New Orleans, Louisiana
Pittsburgh Steelers players
International Mr. Leather (IML) is an international contest for men. It was founded by lovers and business partners Chuck Renslow and Dom Orejudos in 1979. It is held annually in Chicago, Illinois. The event spans several days. 

In addition to the contest, the event features workshops, socials, themed dance parties, and a leather market. In 2007, 53 contestants competed from 23 states and 4 foreign countries. 1,800 spectators packed the Chicago Theatre. IML contestants must either be the winner of a bar, local, or regional leather contest or be sponsored by a leather bar, business, club, or organization. A panel of nine judges selects the winner.

References 

Competitions
LGBT
Events in the United States
1979 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Illinois
There's Something about Mary is a 1998 American comedy movie. It stars Ben Stiller, Matt Dillon and Cameron Diaz and its subject is dysfunctional relationships. It was directed by Farrelly brothers. Its comedy is a combination of romance and gross-out. It is set in Rhode Island and Miami, Florida.

Other websites 

1998 romance movies
1998 comedy movies
1990s romantic comedy movies
1990s sex comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
American romantic comedy movies
American sex comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Miami, Florida
Rhode Island in fiction
The soundtrack to the movie 8 Mile is an album having songs by Tupac Shakur, 50 Cent, Wu-Tang Clan and Eminem. The soundtrack was released in October 2002.

Songs

References 

Rap music
2002 albums
Seong Hon (June 25, 1535 – June 6, 1598) was a Neo-Confucian scholar, politician, and soldier of the Korean Joseon Dynastys. header of West Man parties. He used the pennames Woogye (우계, 牛溪) and Mukam (묵암, 默巖).

Work book 
 the Woogaejip (우계집, 牛溪集) 
 Joomunjigyul (주문지결, 朱門旨訣) 
 weehakjibang (위학지방, 爲學之方)

Related pages 
 Yi I
 Song Ik-phil
 Kim Jang-saeng

Other websites 

 Seong Hon 
 Seong Hon:Korean historical person information  

1535 births
1598 deaths
Korean educators
South Korean politicians
Autobiographers
The voiced alveolar trill is a type of consonant. It is found in some spoken languages. It is usually called the rolled R, rolling R, or trilled R. The International Phonetic Alphabet letter for this sound is ⟨⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is r.

Dictionaries of languages like English and German sometimes use the symbol ⟨⟩. They have rhotic consonants that are not an alveolar trill. This is because typing the letter r is easier.

In many Indo-European languages, this sound is sometimes an allophone of the alveolar tap . This happens especially in unstressed syllables. Some languages like Catalan, Spanish, Albanian and some Portuguese treat these as two different sounds.

Features

Examples

Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill  
In Czech, there are two different alveolar trills. There is the normal trill, written r. There is also another trill, written ř. This is found in words such as rybáři  ('fishermen'),  ('four'), and the common surname Dvořák. The way it is pronounced is similar to  but the tongue is raised. This other trill is partially fricative, with the frication sounding rather like , though not so retracted. Thus in the IPA it is written as ⟨r⟩ plus the raising diacritic, ⟨⟩. (Before the 1989 IPA Kiel Convention, it had a dedicated symbol ⟨⟩). It is normally voiced, but there is a voiceless allophone  as with many other Czech consonants.

Listen:

References

Pronunciation
The voiced bilabial trill is a consonant. It is used in some spoken languages.

The International Phonetic Alphabet represents this sound as ⟨⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol of it is B\.

In many of the languages that contains bilabial trill, it only occurs as part of a prenasalised bilabial stop with trilled release, . This developed historically from a prenasalized stop before a relatively high back vowel, such as .  In such instances, these sounds are usually still limited to the environment of a following .

There is also voiceless alveolar bilabially trilled affricate (, sometimes "tᵖ"), which is not often used. It is found in Pirahã and from a few words in the Chapacuran languages Wari’ and Oro Win. The sound also appears as an allophone of the labialized voiceless alveolar plosive  of Abkhaz and Ubykh, but in those languages it is more often realised by a doubly articulated stop . In the Chapacuran languages,  is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as  and .

Features
Features of the bilabial trill:
 In most instances, it is only found as the trilled release of a prenasalized stop.

Occurrence
These are some examples where the bilabial trill is used in various languages:

References

Other websites
Oro Win recordings

Consonants
Lon Chaney (April 1, 1883 – August 26, 1930) was an American actor during the age of silent movies.  He is said to be one of the most best actors of early movies. He was well known for his playing tortured, often grotesque and afflicted characters. He was famous for his artistry with makeup. Chaney is remembered for starring in silent horror movies. These include The Hunchback of Notre Dame and The Phantom of the Opera. His ability to change himself using makeup techniques which he created earned him the nickname "The Man of a Thousand Faces."

Cultural references
In the 1970s The Scooby-Doo Movies episode "The Exteriminator", the eccentric actor/master of disguise Lorn Chumley is a tribute to Lon Chaney.

References 
 

American movie actors 
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
Silent movie actors
American movie directors
American screenwriters
Actors from Colorado
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from anemia
1883 births
1930 deaths
People from Colorado Springs, Colorado
Jo Gwang-jo (1482 - 1519) was a Neo-Confucian scholar, politician, and soldier of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. His pen name was Jeongam (靜庵, 정암). His Chinese style name was Hyojik (孝直, 효직). He was a leader of the Sarim party (士林, 사림).

Books 
 Jeongamjip (정암집, 靜庵集)

Related pages 
 Sarim
 Gimyosahwa
 Kim Jong-jik

Other websites 
 Jo Gwang-jo 
 Jo Gwang-jo:Navercast 

1482 births
1519 deaths
Korean educators
South Korean politicians
Autobiographers
Twink is a gay slang term. It describes a young or young-looking gay man in the 18–21 age range. A twink has a slender build. He has little or no body or facial hair. Twinks are usually bottoms & submissive.  The term is sometimes used in a derogatory and pejorative manner by bears.

The twink's namesake is the Hostess Twinkie, a golden-colored, phallic-shaped, cream-filled snack cake thought to have little nutritional value.  Qualifiers such as muscle or femme have narrowed the meaning of twink to a more specific type.

References 

Gay slang
Kim Jong-jik (, hanja:金宗直, June 1431 - August 19, 1492) was a Neo-Confucian scholar, politician, and soldier of the Korean Joseon Dynastys. a pen name was Jeomphiljae(점필재, 佔畢齋), Chinese style name was Gyeon(계온, 季溫)·Hyogwan(효관, 孝盥). Majority header and Ideological, academic ancestors of Sarim party(士林, 사림).

Work book 
 Jeomphiljaejip (점필재집)
 Chunggupungah (청구풍아, 靑丘風雅)
 Dongmunsoo (동문수, 東文粹)
 DanghooIlgi (당후일기)
 YudooYurok (유두유록, 遊頭流錄)
 Gihaengrok (기행록, 紀行錄)

Related pages
 Sarim
 Jo Gwang-jo
 Nam Gon
 Kim Jeon
 Shim Jeong
 Gil Jae

Other websites 
 
 Kim Jong-jik Memorial Museum
 Kim Jong-jik 

1431 births
1492 deaths
Korean educators
South Korean politicians
Autobiographers
is a Japanese city in Nara Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

History
According to legend, Emperor Jimmu was enthroned at Kahihara.

Fujiwara-kyō was the ancient capital of Japan from the year 694 to 710.

The modern city was established in 1956.

References

Other websites

 Kashihara website 

Cities in Nara Prefecture
William Jermaine Stewart (September 7, 1957 - March 17, 1997) was an American singer. He was born in Columbus, Ohio and moved to Chicago, Illinois in 1972. He is best known for his song We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off, which was released in 1986. He died of AIDS in Homewood, Illinois.

Other websites 

1957 births
1997 deaths
African American musicians
American dancers
American R&B singers
American singer-songwriters
Deaths from AIDS
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
Musicians from Chicago
Singers from Ohio
There are 15 counties in the U.S. state of Arizona. Four counties (Mohave, Pima, Yavapai and Yuma) were formed in 1864 in the Arizona Territory in 1862. All but La Paz County were formed by the time Arizona became a State in 1912.  There is also one county, Pah-Ute County, Arizona that was formed in 1865 from Mohave County and returned in 1871. 

The names of many of the counties honor the state's Native American past. Nine of the fifteen counties are named after native groups that live in parts of what is now Arizona.  Three of the other counties have Spanish names from the language of the early Hispanic explorers of Arizona. Another county, Graham County, is named for a physical feature, Mount Graham.  Greenlee County is named after one of the state's early pioneers. 

Arizona's United States postal abbreviations is AZ and its FIPS code is 04.

Alphabetical listing

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References

Arizona-related lists
Arizona
Brian Keith Urlacher is a former American football player. and used to play for the Chicago Bears. Urlacher is known for being one of the best players in the league, being named to 8 Pro Bowls, and winning Defensive Rookie of the Year in 2000. Urlacher played for the University of New Mexico during his college days, being a Heisman Trophy finalist in 1999, and was drafted in the 2000 NFL Draft in the 1st round 9th overall by the Bears. After 5 years of being at the bottom of the NFC North (except for 2001), the Bears finally reached Super Bowl XLI, even though they lost to Peyton Manning and the Indianapolis Colts, Urlacher still finished the year with 93 tackles and 3 forced fumbles, and was also a runner-up for the Defensive Player of the Year. In 2007 which was a year of being last in the North, Urlacher told press that he had a bad back, but it wasn't bad. Even though this issue came around, he still was able to get 5 interceptions, 5 sacks, 1 fumble recovery, 123 tackles, and a defensive touchdown. In 2009, Urlacher broke his wrist, and was out for the year. In 2010, the Bears defense became stronger, with the signing of Julius Peppers, winning the NFC North, but lost to the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship. In 2011, against the Minnesota Vikings, Urlacher hurt his MCL. Luckily, there was no ACL damage. Because of his injury, he didn't play in the 2010 Pro Bowl.

In March 2013, Urlacher was released, and retired on May 23. Eventually, Urlacher joined Fox Sports 1 as an analyst.

References

Other websites 

Urlacher's Web Site 
Chicago Bears Bio on Urlacher 

Chicago Bears players
1978 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Washington
The U.S. state of Alaska is not divided into counties, like the other 48  states (Louisiana has parishes), but instead is divided into boroughs. Many of the more densely populated parts of the state are in Alaska's eighteen organized boroughs, which are somewhat similar to counties in other states. Unlike in the other states, the organized boroughs do not completely cover all of the land in the state. The areas that are not part of any organized borough are called the unorganized borough.

For the 1970 census, the US and state divided the unorganized borough into 11 census areas. Each is roughly the same as an election district. However, these areas are solely for statistical analysis and presentation, and have no government of their own. Boroughs and census areas are both treated as county-level equivalents by the Census Bureau. 

Some areas in the unorganized borough receive limited public services directly from the Alaska state government, usually law enforcement from the Alaska State Troopers and educational funding. 

Six consolidated city-county governments exist — the City and Borough of Juneau, City and Borough of Haines, Sitka City and Borough, Yakutat City and Borough, Wrangell City and Borough, and the state's largest city, Anchorage. Though its legal name is the Municipality of Anchorage, it is considered a consolidated city-borough under state law. 

The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 55-2,3,4 codes, used by the United States Census Bureau to uniquely identify states and counties, is provided with each entry. Alaska's code is 02, which when combined with any county code would be written as 02XXX. The FIPS code for each county links to census data for that county.

List of boroughs
 

 

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Census areas in the Unorganized Borough

The Unorganized Borough is part of the U.S. state of Alaska not in any of its 18 organized boroughs. It is over half of Alaska's area, 970,500 km² (374,712 mi²), an area larger than any other US state. As of the 2000 census 13% of Alaskans (81,803 people) live here.

Unique among the United States, Alaska is not entirely subdivided into organized county equivalents. In 1970, the United States Census Bureau divided the unorganized borough into 12 census areas to facilitate census taking in the large unorganized area. With later changes due to the creation of new boroughs, there are now 11 such areas.

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References 

Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development - maps and profiles of boroughs and census areas, including those that have changed since the 2000 census.

General References 

Division of Community and Regional Affairs, Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development
Local Government On-Line, Division of Community and Regional Affairs, Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development

Alaska

Alaska-related lists
The U.S. state of Colorado has a total of 64 counties.  Two of these counties, the City and County of Denver and the City and County of Broomfield, have consolidated city and county governments.

Colorado's postal abbreviation is CO and its FIPS code is 08.


Table

 
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References

Colorado
There are five counties of Hawaii on the Hawaiian Islands in the United States. Counties are the only lower governments in the State of Hawaii. This is unusual in the United States. Most states include city governments, township governments, or other local authorities. The Hawaii State Department of Education is in charge of Hawaii's public education, because there are no local school boards to operate schools.  People in Hawaii pay property taxes and user fees to the county they live in to help pay for road maintenance, community activities, parks, garbage disposal, police, ambulances, and fire departments. All the counties in Hawaii were formed in 1905 from unorganized territory, seven years after the Territory of Hawaii was created. The county of Kalawao is very small because it used to be a leper colony, so it does not as have many elected officials as the other counties do.

County information
The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code below is a code which is used by the United States government to keep track of all the counties. It can be used to find more information on that county. The FIPS code for each county links to census data for that county. The county seat is the city, town or village where the county government is actually located.

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References

Hawaii-related lists
Hawaii
The Wounded Knee Massacre was a brief fight between the Native American Lakota people and the US Army. It took place at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota on December 29, 1890. About 300 Lakota and 25 soldiers were killed. The Lakota were part of the Sioux nation. The army had been sent into the area to take the guns owned by the Lakota.

Ghost Dance
During the 1890's, a Native American shaman, named Wovoka, began teaching people about his visions for the future. He said the living would join with the dead, and the prairies would be covered in new soil. This would bury the European settlers, and life would return to the way it had been with lots of bison and other animals to hunt. To make this happen, he told people they would have to perform the Ghost Dance. The dancers wore brightly colored shirts with pictures of bison and eagles. They believed the shirts had magic powers which would protect them from bullets. The Ghost Dance caused a lot of excitement in the Sioux camps. European settlers were worried by these beliefs and the sight of wild and crazy people dancing in the snow. They demanded protection from the army.

Massacre
The army was sent in to the Native American camps to arrest the leaders and take away their weapons until things settled down. Chief Sitting Bull was killed when the army tried to arrest him at Standing Rock Reservation of December 15, 1890. The army then went to arrest Chief Big Foot. On December 28, the army found Chief Big Foot, who was leading his people south to the Pine Ridge Reservation, near the Wounded Knee Creek. The next morning Chief Big Foot met with Colonel Forsyth.

During the meeting a shot was fired, and very quickly both groups began shooting at each other. The army had Hotchkiss cannons which fired into the tepees. Many women and children were caught in the gunfire. When the shooting stopped over 300 people had been killed.

References

South Dakota
Massacres in North America
1890s in the United States
Tok Pisin (pronounced: ) is a market language used in parts of the South Pacific, mainly Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, but also in areas of Vanuatu, where a second language known as Bislama is also spoken.  A market language is one which is used as an everyday language between people who don't speak a common language.

Tok Pisin is a Creole language, meaning that it's a mixture of other languages, mainly English, German and Tahitian.    

Languages
Drag queen is a gay slang term. It refers to a man who dresses and dresses up and portrays a woman for entertainment purposes. Although men dressed as woman are the most common type of rag queen, trans woman, female impersonators, and may other people can also  be considered a drag queen. Drag queens exaggerate certain characteristics (such as make-up and eyelashes) for comic, dramatic, or satirical effect. Drag queens perform in gay bars. They participate in gay pride parades and drag pageants. They may make appearances at events such as gay rodeos. They generally do not want to pass as women. RuPaul is a drag queen well known through his many television appearances in the 1990s. He is the host of one of, if not the most, famous television show about drag, RuPaul's Drag Race. Movies about drag queens include The Birdcage and The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert.

Gay slang
 
Performing arts
French kisses are kisses in which someone's tongue touches somebody else's. These kisses are usually considered romantic. They are often performed in certain movies. French kisses are usually reserved for those in love. Performing this type of behavior on multiple partners is known for increasing the risk of having meningitis.

Human sexuality

de:Kuss#Zungenkuss
RuPaul (born RuPaul Andre Charles on November 17, 1960 in San Diego) is an Afro-American actor, drag queen, model, author, and singer-songwriter. He first became widely known in the 1990s when he appeared in a wide variety of television programs, films, and musical albums. He was once a fixture on the Atlanta and New York City gay club scenes during the 1980s and early 90s. RuPaul has on occasion performed as a man in a number of roles. He is usually billed as RuPaul Charles. RuPaul is noted among famous drag queens for his indifference towards the gender-specific pronouns used to address him—both "he" and "she" have been deemed acceptable. "You can call me he. You can call me she. You can call me Regis and Kathie Lee; I don't care! Just as long as you call me."  He hosted a short-running talk show on VH1. He has hosted reality television shows called RuPaul's Drag Race and RuPaul's Drag U.

In 2020, he learned that he and New Jersey Senator Cory Booker are cousins; they discovered it by appearing on the TV show Finding Your Roots.

References 

1960 births
Living people
Actors from San Diego, California
Singers from San Diego, California
Writers from San Diego, California
African American actors
African-American singers
African American television personalities
African American writers
American television presenters
Drag queens
LGBT actors
LGBT African Americans
LGBT models
LGBT people from California
LGBT singers
LGBT songwriters
LGBT writers
Gay men
Models from San Diego, California
Musicians from San Diego, California
Singer-songwriters from California
Writers from California
American bloggers
Chi Chi LaRue (born Larry David Paciotti on November 8, 1959) is an American movie director of gay, bisexual, and straight pornography. He was born in Hibbing, Minnesota. He is best known in his drag name, Chi Chi LaRue. He has also directed under the names Lawrence David and Taylor Hudson.

References 

1959 births
Living people
American LGBT sex industry people
American movie directors
Drag queens
LGBT directors
People from Hibbing, Minnesota
Pornographic movie directors
Lypsinka (born John Epperson on 24 April 1955) is an American drag queen, actor, pianist, vocalist, and writer. Epperson was born in Hazelhurst, Mississippi. He moved to New York City in 1978. He did drag gigs on the side at various nightspots. "Lypsinka" first appeared in 1988 in New York as a late-night addition to Charles Busch's Vampire Lesbians of Sodom. Lypsinka has appeared in solo shows Off-Broadway. Epperson says Lypsinka was modelled on Dolores Gray. For his show Lypsinka! The Boxed Set, Epperson won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Sound Design, the LA Weekly Theater Award for Best Solo Performance, and the Helen Hayes Award for Best Non-resident Production in 2003.

References 

1955 births
Living people
Actors from Mississippi
American LGBT people
American pianists
Drag queens
LGBT actors
LGBT singers
LGBT writers
Singers from Mississippi
Writers from Mississippi
Kuch Toh Log Kahenge is an Indian soap opera television program.  It airs on Sony TV. It first appeared on TV on October 3, 2011. It is a remake of the Pakistani classical TV drama Dhoop Kinare. Kuch Toh Log Kahenge is a love story between two people who have a substantial age gap.

At first, actors Kritika Kamra and Mohnish Behl played the two main characters.  Sharad Kelcar was later replaced by :en:Sharad Kelkar.

Plot
Kuch Toh Log Kahenge takes places in a hospital in Lucknow.

Kuch Toh Log Kahenge is a love story between people from two different generations: a young, spirited Dr. Nidhi Verma (age 24) and a brooding and handsome Dr. Ashutosh (age 42). These two people do not know that they have a connection from their past.

Awards
KTLK's entire cast and crew won an award at the 18th Lion Gold Awards.

Cast

 Kritika Kamra as Dr. Nidhi Verma (female protagonist)
 Mohnish Behl/Sharad Kelkar as Dr. Ashutosh (male protagonist)
 Karan Wahi as Rohan, a friend of Nidhi
 Rukhsar Rehman as Dr. Malika, an old friend of Dr. Ashutosh
 Ishita Sharma as Anji Solanki, a childhood friend of Nidhi
 Vishal Malhotra as Dr. Rangnath
 Puneet Tejwani as Aditya, Brother of Malika
 Nitesh Pandey as Armaan, a childhood friend of Aashutosh
 Vijay Kashyap as Yograj Verma
 Nandita Puri as Shyama Solanki
 Kavita Vaid as Dadi Bua
 Lekha Tiwari as Suhasini
 Mansi Parekh as Mandira

References

Other websites
 Kuch Toh Log Kahenge Official Website
 Kuch To Log Kahenge – The Biggest Romance on Indian Television  
 Kuch To Log Kahenge – Daily Episodes 
 Watch Episodes
 Website (apni.tv)
 KTLK at the Internet Movie Database
 

Soap operas
2011 Indian television series debuts
Elisabeth Judson Shue (born October 6, 1963) is an American actress. She is best known for her work in the movies The Karate Kid, Adventures in Babysitting, Cocktail, Back to the Future Parts II and III and Leaving Las Vegas.

Early life
Shue was born in Wilmington, Delaware. Shue's mother was a descendant of Pilgrim religious leader William Brewster. Her father's family moved from Germany to Pennsylvania in the early 19th century. Shue's younger brother, Andrew, is also an actor.

Shue grew up in Bergen and Essex counties in New Jersey. Her parents divorced when she was young. Shue graduated from Columbia High School, in Maplewood, New Jersey. She later studied at Wellesley College and Harvard University. Shue left Harvard early because of her acting career. She returned to Harvard to finish her degree in Government in 2000.

Career

1980s and early 1990s
While in high school, Shue acted in television commercials. She did ads for Burger King, DeBeers diamonds, and Hellman's mayonnaise.

Her first movie role was in 1984. She acted in The Karate Kid. She played the girlfriend of Ralph Macchio. In 1986, she acted with Terrance Stamp in the British horror movie Link. Adventures in Babysitting was her first acting job where she was the main character.

Personal life
Shue is married to movie director Davis Guggenheim. Their son, Miles William, was born on November 11, 1997. She gave birth to her first daughter, Stella Street, on March 19, 2001. Her third child, Agnes Charles, was born on June 18, 2006. Her son's middle name is in honor of her second brother, William. This brother died in 1988 at the age of 26 in a swimming accident.

Filmography

References

Other websites

 
 Elisabeth Shue at FEARnet

American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Wilmington, Delaware
Actors from New Jersey
1963 births
Living people
Yi See-young (, 3 December 1868 - 19 April 1953) was a politician and independence activist, politicians and Neo-confucian scholars of South Korea. He was first Vice President of South Korea 1948 to 1952. His pen name was Seongjae (성재, 省齋), Seerimshanin(시림산인, 始林山人).

Work book 
 Gamseemanuh(감시만어, 感時漫語)

Related pages 
 Rhee Syng-man
 Kim Gu
 Kim Kyu-sik
 Chang Myon

References

Other websites 
 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=126966
 http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=542586

1868 births
1953 deaths
Anti-Communists
People of the Korean War
Vice Presidents of South Korea
The alveolar approximant is a consonant. It is used in some languages. International Phonetic Alphabet represents the alveolar and postalveolar approximants as ⟨⟩. International Phonetic Alphabet represents it as a lowercase letter r rotated 180 degrees, or in broad transcription ⟨⟩; the X-SAMPA symbol of this is ⟨r\⟩.

Many times the symbol is written as ⟨⟩ instead of ⟨⟩ because typing ⟨⟩ is easier.

Features

Examples

Notes

References

Pronunciation
Mena Alexandra Suvari (born February 13, 1979) is an American actress, fashion designer, and model. She began acting in guest roles on 1990s television programs such as Boy Meets World and High Incident. She made her movie debut in the 1997 drama movie Nowhere.

Her first major movie roles were in American Beauty and American Pie. Both of these moves were in 1999. She was nominated for a BAFTA Award for American Beauty. Next she was in Loser (2000), with her American Pie co-star, Jason Biggs. In 2001, she played the main character in the comedy movie Sugar & Spice. She was in the 2002 drama Spun and the 2004 thriller Trauma. She was also in the HBO's drama series Six Feet Under in 2004. While working on this series, she was nominated as a member of cast by the Screen Actors Guild for "Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series" in 2005.  In 2008, she was cast in a many movies. These incude Day of the Dead, The Mysteries of Pittsburgh, and the movie version of The Garden of Eden.

Suvari is a model for Lancôme cosmetics. She has been in many fashion blogs and magazines such as Vogue. She is an activist for the African relief organization, the African Medical and Research Foundation. Feminist issues are also important to her.  She works with charities whose cause is breast cancer, and "End Violence Against Women" campaign.

Early life
Suvari was born in Newport, Rhode Island. She is the daughter of Candice, a nurse, and Ando Süvari, a psychiatrist. Her mother is half Greek and her father is part Estonian. She has three older brothers.

Her family moved Charleston, South Carolina. Growing up, Mena wanted to be an archaeologist, astronaut or doctor. A modeling agency came to her all-girls school, Ashley Hall, to offer classes. By the time she started acting, she had been modeling for the New York-based Wilhelmina agency for five years.

After moving to the Los Angeles area, Suvari studied at Providence High School in Burbank. She graduated in 1997.

Personal life
Suvari married German-born cinematographer Robert Brinkmann on March 4, 2000. Brinkmann was seventeen years older than her. They divorced in May 2005.

In 2007, Suvari began dating Italian-Canadian concert promoter Simone Sestito. She met him at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival. They were married on June 26, 2010 in Rome. They chose Rome because most of Sestito's family lives near the city. On January 13, 2012, Suvari said she wanted a divorce from Sestito. The divorce became final in October 2012.

In late 2017, Suvari became a vegan for ethical reasons. Since then she only uses cruelty-free and environmentally friendly products.

In October 2018, she married her boyfriend Michael Hope.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 

1979 births
Actors from Rhode Island
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Living people
A crown group is a group of living species and their ancestors back to the most recent common ancestor. It is a term in cladistics and phylogenetics. It is a clade with at least some members that have survived to the present day. How a crown group is defined depends on which living species are chosen. One definition stresses the need for members of the crown group to have the clade's characteristic synapomorphy.

The idea was developed by Willi Hennig, the founder of phylogenetic systematics, but he did not use this term. The terms "crown group" and "stem group" were invented by R.P.S. Jefferies in 1979. Though invented in the 1970s, the term was not often used until it was reintroduced in the 2000s.

One very simplified cladogram for birds is shown below:

Aves 
†Archaeopteryx and its extinct relatives
†Avisaurus and its extinct relatives
†Hesperornis and its extinct relatives
†Ichthyornis
Crown group, Neornithes includes all living birds
Neoaves (most modern birds and their extinct ancestors)
Paleognathae (ratites and some others)
Galloanserae (ducks, chickens and some others)

Archaeopteryx and some other extinct groups are not included in the crown group Neornithes. They fall outside the clade, as they diverged earlier. Neoaves can also be considered a crown group, as can Paleognathae, the ratites clade, and Galloanserae, the ducks and chickens clade. Bigger crown groups can also be defined, such as the phylum Chordata.

Stem group 
The stem group of birds would be all the earlier Aves minus the crown group Neornithes.

References 

Cladistics
Vampire Lesbians of Sodom is a satirical play by Charles Busch. It is about two immortal vampire lesbians.  They are locked in eternal antagonism after surviving the downfall of the Biblical city of Sodom. Both women arrive in Jazz Age Broadway and Hollywood. They pretend to be silent movie stars. They reach a truce in a final scene set in Las Vegas in the 1980s. The New York Times described the show as having "costumes flashier than pinball machines, outrageous lines, awful puns, sinister innocence, [and] harmless depravity". It was first performed at the Limbo Lounge in Manhattan's East Village in 1984. It moved Off Broadway in June 1985 to the Provincetown Playhouse. It had a five year run.

References 

Plays
Daniel Levy (born 8 February 1962 in Essex) is the current chairman of Premier League side Tottenham Hotspur F.C.. He has been the chairman since 2001.

Career

He is managing director of ENIC International Ltd., which is an investment company. He replaced Alan Sugar as chairman of Tottenham in February 2001. This happened after ENIC bought a controlling stake in the club. ENIC is controlled by Joseph Lewis. Levy was before this a director of the Scottish football club Rangers, in which ENIC held a significant stake.  Before this, ENIC has also controlled many other European football clubs including AEK Athens, Slavia Prague and Vicenza. ENIC has also had power in non-football companies such as Warner Bros. and Autonomy.

Tottenham Hotspur

He has changed many managers since becoming chairman, like (George Graham, Glenn Hoddle, David Pleat and Jacques Santini). When Martin Jol was manager, the team finished at 5th place in the Premier League and they qualified for the UEFA Cup also.

In summer of 2011, Chelsea tried to sign Tottenham's important player Luke Modric. But, Levy refused to sell Modric. After that, the club have started season 2011/12 very nicely and have won many matches in the Premier League.

Personal life

Daniel Levy is married. He has four children- Joshua, Oliver, Chloe and Gabriella. He has a degree from Cambridge University in Land Economy.

References

1962 births
People from Essex
English football managers
British businesspeople
Living people
are the local governments and sub-divisions of the island nation.
 
There are three main types of municipalities in Japan: 
cities, 
towns, 
villages 

There is a fourth type of municipality — the 23 special wards of Tokyo.

History
In 1878, the national government enacted the "Municipalities Formation Law", the "Prefectural Assemblies Act", and the "Local Tax Ordinance".  Japan was organized into three levels of government: 
 the national government of Japan
 the mid-level Prefectures of Japan
 the local municipality governments

In 1889, the ''shikuchōson was refined to create 39 cities and 15,820 towns and villages. The "Municipal Government Act" was a blend of Japanese customs and Prussia’s local government system.  

After 1898, local officials were elected in municipal elections.

Since the 19th century, Japan has been divided into 47 prefectures; and each prefecture has many districts and municipalities.

In 1947, the "Local Autonomy Law" (LAL) further refined Japan's municipalities.

Related pages

 Capital of Japan
 Provinces of Japan
 Districts of Japan

References

Other websites
 "Large City System of Japan"; graphic shows municipalities in context [PDF 7 of 40]

 
Japan
Sodom and Gomorrah are two ancient cities mentioned in the Book of Genesis. Both cities were destroyed by fire from God because of their sexual wickednesses including rape, child sexual abuse, homosexuality and indecent assault. Some scholars believe that the cities were in Moab, east of the southern edge of the Dead Sea. The word sodomy (anal sex) is derived from Sodom. The story of Sodom and Gomorrah was made into a movie in 1963.

In Genesis 18-19
God tells Abraham He plans to destroy Sodom because of its wickedness. Abraham gets God to promise to spare it if ten good men can be found.

Lot, Abraham's relative, lives in Sodom. He is visited by three men who are angels. An interpretation by some scholars is that the men of Sodom want to have anal sex with these visitors. Lot refuses to allow this. He offers the Sodomites his two virgin daughters instead. The men decline the offer. They storm Lot's door. The angels rescue Lot. They tell Lot that God has sent them to destroy Sodom for its wickness. They order Lot to gather his family, and leave the city. They forbid Lot or any of his family to look upon the city during its destruction. Lot and his family flee. Lot's wife looks back at the city. She is turned into a pillar of salt.

References

Cities in Asia
Old Testament