cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Murray Gell-Mann (September 15, 1929 – May 24, 2019) was an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles. He was the Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology, a Distinguished Fellow and co-founder of the Santa Fe Institute, Professor in the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of New Mexico, and the Presidential Professor of Physics and Medicine at the University of Southern California.

Gell-Mann has also worked at CERN, as a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow in 1972.

Works
He was known for his study of particle physics, the smallest parts that make up the universe. These small particles behaved in ways that did not appear to follow the known laws of physics, and Gell-Mann came up with the idea of giving them a strangeness number which could allow them to be compared and put into categories. He also came up with idea that parts of an atom, the proton ad the neutron were made up of even smaller particles. He called the quarks, a nonsense work from James Joyce's book, Finnigan's Wake.

Gell-Mann then developed the idea that quarks were held together inside the nucleus by a force he called "color", and this force could be given a quantum number. With Richard Feynman he discovered a weak interaction between sub-atomic particles. He researched string theory which could explain what makes up the smallest particles and forces.

Personal life
Gell-Mann was an agnostic. Gell-Mann supported Barack Obama for the United States presidency in October 2008.

Gell-Mann died on May 24, 2019 at his home in Santa Fe, New Mexico, aged 89.

References

Other websites

 Gell-Mann's Home Page at SFI 
 "Beauty, truth and ... physics?" (TED2007)
 "The ancestor of language" (TED2007)
 Murray Gell-Mann Video Interview with the Academy of Achievement in 1990
 Murray Gell-Mann talks quarks (Video)
 Membership at the Council on Foreign Relations

1929 births
2019 deaths
Nobel Prize in Physics winners
People from Manhattan
Scientists from New York City
American theoretical physicists
Beatriz Montañez López (born 3 June 1977 in Almadén, Castile-La Mancha) is a Spanish journalist and radio speaker.

Biography

Early years 
She began working in the radio at Onda Mancha from Almadén (currently Cadena SER Almadén). Afterwards she went to the University of California where she got a degree in journalism. At same time, Montañez worked in several Spanish language radio stations in the U.S., Telemundo and Radio KLVE among others.

Back in Spain, she studied audiovisual communication and production at Instituto de RTVE and made a master via online at Harvard University.

LaSexta 
In 2006 began to work in LaSexta's El Intermedio as anchorwoman and El Gran Wyoming as host.

In 2011 she left the programme being replaced by Sandra Sabatés.

Tele 5 
In 2013 was hired by Tele 5 to present along Jordi González: El gran debate. In March, 2014 hosted Hable con ellas, an interview TV-magazine at the same channel until July.

Book 
On March 15, 2021, she publishes the book "Niadela", where she talks about how she decided to live a simple life alone in the mountains.

References

Other websites
 

1977 births
Living people
Spanish journalists
Spanish people
Palmiro Togliatti was an Italian politician. He was leader of the Italian Communist Party from 1927 until his death. 

Togliatti began his political life in the Italian Socialist Party. After World War I he created the Communist Party of Italy with others. In 1926 Benito Mussolini outlawed the party. Togliatti became the leader in exile. In 1943, the name was changed to the Italian Communist Party. In 1944 Togliatti returned to Italy. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage in Ukraine.

References

1893 births
1964 deaths
Communist politicians
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage

Italian communists
People from Genoa
Sir Keith Jacka Holyoake,  (; 11 February 1904 – 8 December 1983) was the 26th Prime Minister of New Zealand. He served for a brief period in 1957 and then from 1960 to 1972. He was also the 13th Governor-General of New Zealand, serving from 1977 to 1980.

Holyoake was a Member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council. He used the following Post-nominal letters:
KG Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter
GCMG Knight Grand Cross of The Most Distinguished Order Of Saint Michael And Saint George
CH Order of the Companions of Honour
QSO Companion of the Queen's Service Order
KStJ Knight of Justice of The Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem

References

1904 births
1983 deaths
Governors General of New Zealand
Prime Ministers of New Zealand
Anti-Communists
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights of the Garter
Deputy Prime Ministers of New Zealand
Alikovsky District (; , Elĕk rajonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the northwestern central part of the republic and borders with Morgaushsky and Yadrinsky Districts in the north, Krasnoarmeysky District in the east, Vurnarsky and Shumerlinsky Districts in the south, and with Krasnochetaysky District in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Alikovo. Population:  The population of Alikovo accounts for 14.5% of the district's total population.

History
The district was formed on October 1, 1927.

Economy
There is a construction plant in Alikovo.

Transportation
The Cheboksary–Yadrin and the Cheboksary–Krasnye Chetay autoroute cross the territory of the district.

Demographics
As of the 2002 Census, 98% of the population was Chuvash.

Education
There is a middle school in Alikovo.

Culture
There is a museum, a people's theater, a folk band, a veteran's orchestra, a school's brass band, and a chorus. Regional Chuvash music festival "Vir'yal shevlisem" (lit. Viryal's pancakes) takes place in May of each year.

Notable people
 Alexander Artemiev, writer and poet
 Anatoly Serep, writer and poet
 Arcady Aris, writer
 Arkady Malov, poet and translator
 Boris Markov, actor, director
 Gerasim Pileš, writer and playwright
 Ille Toktash, writer and poet
 Nikita Larionov, writer and poet
 Nikolai Yut, writer, folklorist, and literature critic
 Stanislav Voronov, artist

Further reading
 L. A. Yefimov, "Alikovsky District" ("Элĕк Енĕ"), Alikovo, 1994.
 "Аликовская энциклопедия" (Alikovsky District's Encyclopedia), authors: Yefimov L.A., Yefimov E.L., Ananyev A.A., Terentyev G.K., Cheboksary, 2009, .

References

Notes

Sources
Thirunallar is a small town in the district of Karaikal, Puducherry Union territory, India. It is on the banks of Noolaaru River and Vanchiaaru River in the north and the banks of Arasalar River in the south.

Thirunallar is specially famous for the temple dedicated to Lord Shani, or Lord Saturn. The temple is named after him, Thirunallar Saniswaran temple. The main deity of the town is Lord Dharbharanyeshwarar, a form of Lord Shiva.

The temple of this town is the only temple dedicated to Lord Shani in the whole world. Whenever Lord Saturn passes from one zodiac sign to the other (Sani Peyarchi), millions of people comes to Thirunallar for worshiping the lord. The Nala theertham or Nalan kulam is the temple tank of this temple, which is said to be washing away all misfortunes caused by karma. That is why Lord Shani is renowned as "the dispenser of Karma".

Thirunallar is believed to be named for King Nala, the king of the country of Nishadha.

References

Other websites 
Official page 

Towns in India
Settlements in Puducherry
Karaikal District
Tirumalairayanpattinam is a census town in Karaikal district, Puducherry Union territory, India. This is also a religious town like the other main renowned towns in the Karaikal district. The town's name is often shortened to TR Pattinam. This town is on the banks of Thirumalairajanar River

TR Pattinam is named after a king like the town of Thirunallar. Tirumalairayanpattinam is named after King Thirumalai Raja, who ruled this town from 1453 to 1468. At his time both the river and the town was named after him. But later the name of the town changed to Tirumalairayan pattinam.

Famous things in the Tirumalairayan Pattinam
 A 160 year old bridge still stands in the Tirumalairajan River. 
 
 Aayiram Kaali Amman Temple is an ancient temple. The deity is made entirely of wood. 
 
 Maasi magam festival 

 Arulmigu Abhirami Amman Temple is also a famous temple.

Transportation
TR Pattinam has its own railway station under the control of the Indian Railways. It is also well connected with the port city and the district headquarters, Karaikal.

Reference

 

Towns in India
Settlements in Puducherry
Karaikal District
The Paraguarí department () is a department of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Paraguarí. Its ISO 3166-2 code  is PY-09.

History
The territory of this department is in a valley formerly called "Yarigua'a" that was part of the mission of Jesuit priests during the colonization.

At the end of the 16th century, the Franciscan missionaries founded the city of Yaguarón with Guarani people. More towns were founded on which today form part of this department:
 Carapeguá (1725)
 Quiindy (1733)
 Ybycuí (1766)
 Pirayú (1769)
 Paraguarí (1775), the present capital of the department
 Quyquyhó (1776)
 Ybytimí and Acahay (1783)
 Caapucú (1787)

The department was created in 1935. In 1945, the old department of Quyyndy was made part of Paraguarí.

Geography
The Paraguarí department is in the southwest of the Oriental region. It is one of the smallest of the departments of Paraguay, with an area of . It has a population of 239,633 for a population density of .

Limits
 To the north: Cordillera and Caaguazú departments.
 To the east: Guairá and Caazapá departments.
 To the south: Misiones department.
 To the west: Ñeembucú and Central departments.

Districts
The department is divided in 17 districts:

Related pages
 Departments of Paraguay
 ISO 3166-2:PY

References

Other websites

 Gobernación de Paraguarí website  
 Statoids - Departments of Paraguay
 Secretaria Nacional de Turismo

Departments of Paraguay
Oswald the Lucky Rabbit is the first animal-based character made by Disney productions.  In 1927, Universal Studios hired Disney studios to make him for Alice Comedies. Universal Studios owned the character by law.

According to Disney, Universal Studios named him "Oswald" by picking the name out of a hat.

Oswald was called the lucky rabbit because of the idea of rabbits' feet being lucky.  In his cartoons, Oswald would pull off his own foot, rub it for luck, and then put it back.

Oswald is drawn with big eyes, big ears and shorts like the ones Mickey Mouse wears.

When Disney separated from Universal Studios, the artists there made a new character called Mickey Mouse. Meanwhile, Universal used Oswald the Lucky Rabbit in comics in 1935 and in animated programs until 1943.

Disney bought Oswald back in 2006. Disney put him in the video game Epic Mickey in 2010 for the Nintendo Wii

References

Animated characters
Disney characters
Fictional hares and rabbits
Fátima Bernardes (born September 17, 1962) is a Brazilian journalist and talk show host. She has worked at Rede Globo since 1987. In this television network she  started to work in TV newscasts and became very famous. In 2011, she trended worldwide on Twitter after announcing her new professional phase as show host. Forbes has said Bernardes could become as popular as Oprah''.

Filmography

References

1962 births
Living people
Brazilian people
Brazilian journalists
San Felipe de Aconcagua Province () is one of eight provinces of the central Chilean region of Valparaíso (V). The city of San Felipe is the capital of the province.

Geography
The San Felipe de Aconcagua province has an area of , the third largest province in the Valparaíso region; only the Petorca and Los Andes provinces are more large.

San Felipe de Aconcagua is a landlocked province (it does not border the ocean) and is bordered on the north by the Petorca province, on the east by Argentina and the Los Andes province, to the south by the Santiago Metropolitan region, and to the west by the Quillota province.

The main rivers of the province are the Aconcagua river and its right tributary, the Putaendo river.

Population
 (last national census), there were 131,911 people living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The largest city of the province is San Felipe, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 57,760 inhabitants. Other cities are Llaillay (16,215), Santa María (8,126) and Putaendo (7,214).

Administration
As a province, San Felipe de Aconcagua is a second-level administrative division, consisting of six communes (comunas). The city of San Felipe serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

Related pages
 Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites
 Territorial division of Chile 
 Gobierno Regional de Valparaíso  Official website 
 Province of San Felipe de Aconcagua website 

Provinces of Chile
The Miami metropolitan area is the metropolitan area including Miami and its nearby communities. As of 2015, there were more than six million inhabitants. This makes the Miami metropolitan area the most populous in Florida and the second-most populous in the Southeastern United States.

The Miami metropolitan area includes Miami-Dade County, Broward and Palm Beach counties in southeastern Florida. This area is also called the Gold Coast.

Cities in the Miami metropolitan area include Miami itself, Homestead, Hialeah and Miami Beach.

Miami, Florida
Metropolitan areas of the United States
Valparai is a town in the district of Coimbatore of Tamil Nadu. Valparai is 100 km away from the district headquarters Coimbatore. Areas in Valparai are mostly owned by private tea companies and large forest areas. It is a hill station, located 3500 feet(1100m) height above sea level on the Anaimalai Hills range of the Western Ghats.

Earliest records say that in 1846 Ramasamy Mudaliar started a coffee plantation here. Later in 1864, the Karnatic coffee company started a coffee plantation in this area. In 1890, W.Wintil and Nordan bought this area from the Madras State Government (present Tamil Nadu) under the British Raj. Mr.Wintil deforested the forest areas in Valparai to cultivate tea and coffee.

According to the 2011 census, Valparai has a population of 70,859 with sex ratio of 1013 per 1000 males and literacy rate 78.47%. 59.68% of the population consist of Scheduled Castes and 1.75% population of the Scheduled Tribes.

References

Coimbatore district
Yanam district is one of the four districts of the Union Territory of Puducherry.

Yanam is a small territory of just 20 km2. It is in Andhra Pradesh. But Yanam district, Mahe district, Karaikal district and Puducherry district comes under Puducherry Union territory, as they were French colonies up to 1954.

Yanam is surrounded by the district of East Godavari of Andhra Pradesh. Yanam district consists of 7 revenue villages and a town. Yanam is a town as well as the district headquarters. The other villages are Agraharam, Darialatippa, Farampeta, Guerempeta, Kanakalapeta, Kurasampeta and Mettakur. The total population of the district is just 55,616, roughly equal to the population of Greenland.

References

Puducherry
Districts of India
Mahe district is one of the four districts of Puducherry Union Territory. Mahe is the smallest district in India by size and sixth district in India with least population.

Mahe is surrounded on three sides by Kannur district and a side by Kozhikode district, as it is located in Kerala state. Puducherry union territory consists of four unconnected districts.

Mahe district has a very small area of just 8.69 sq.kms. The total population of the district is 41,934, roughly equal to Liechtenstein. The literacy rate of the district is 98.35%. The population density of Mahe district is 4659 inhabitants/1 square km and 12070 inhabitants/1 square miles.

Reference

Puducherry
The Vice President of India is the second-highest constitutional official in India, after the President.

Article 63 of the Indian Constitution states that "there shall be a Vice-President". The person who holds the post of Vice-President acts as the President of India during the absence of the President due to resignation, death, impeachment and other reasons. The Vice President is also the Ex-officio Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. The Vice-President is elected indirectly by members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both houses of the Parliament of India.

The salary for the Vice-President is 125,000 Rupees.

The present Vice President of India is Venkaiah Naidu. He began his term 11 August 2017.

Reference
The chalumeau is the oldest form of the clarinet. 

It is the first true single reed instrument. The plural for chalumeau is chalumeaux. 

Woodwind instruments
Typhoon Meranti, also known in the Philippines as Typhoon Ferdie, was one of the strongest tropical cyclones on record. The storm struck the Philippines, Taiwan and mainland China. In terms of pressure, Meranti was the strongest typhoon since Typhoon Megi in 2010. It was also the strongest in terms of wind speeds since Typhoon Haiyan in 2013. Furthermore, it was the strongest tropical cyclone in 2016.

The storm caused more than $2.6 billion in damage. It led to more than 30 deaths.

References

2016 in weather
Pacific typhoons
September 2016 events
San Felipe ( Spanish for "St. Philip") is a Chilean city; it is the capital and main city of the San Felipe de Aconcagua province, Valparaíso region.

History
San Felipe was founded on 3 August 1740 by José Antonio Manso, who conquered the Aconcagua Valley. The city was named, after the king Philip V of Spain (), as San Felipe el Real.

Geography

The commune of San Felipe is in the valley of the Aconcagua river and has an area of . It is   north of the national capital of Santiago and at about  to the west of the Aconcagua, the highest mountain of the Americas.

The commune is bordered on the north by the Putaendo commune, on the east by the Santa María commune, on the southeast by the Los Andes and Rinconada communes of the Los Andes province, on the south by the Panquehue commune, and on the west by the Catemu commune.

 
The city of San Felipe is along the Aconcagua river, the main river of the province and of the Valparaíso region, near the point where the river is joined by the Putaendo river.

Population
 (last national census), there were 64,126 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The city of San Felipe has an urban area of  and a population, in 2002, of 53,017 inhabitants.

Its inhabitants are called Sanfelipeños (women, Sanfelipeñas).

Related pages
Communes of Chile
Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites

 Territorial division of Chile 
 Gobierno Regional de Valparaíso  Official website 
 Municipalidadnde San Felipe website  

Cities in Chile
Conventional weapons are those weapons that are not weapons of mass destruction. They can include weapons such as armoured fighting vehicles, armed helicopters, combat aircraft, artillery and warships. They can also include (but are not limited to) small arms, ammunition, cluster munitions and land mines. There is no single definition of conventional weapons. But they are the main weapons used in modern conventional warfare.

UN Register of Conventional Arms 
The United Nations set up the UN Register of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) in 1991. UN member nations add details of their imports and exports of conventional weapons. There are seven categories of conventional weapons in the register.

 Category I – Battle tanks.
 Category II – Armored combat vehicles.
 Category III – Large-calibre artillery systems.
 Category IV – Combat aircraft.
 Category V – Attack helicopters.
 Category VI – Warships.
 Category VII – Missiles and missile launchers.

Related pages 
 Small arms
 Nuclear weapon
 Chemical weapon
 Biological weapon

References

Other websites 
 Nuclear and Conventional Weapons 
 Small Arms: The Real Weapons of Mass Destruction | Military Update; YouTube

Weapons
Edward Gierek (; 6 January 1913 – 29 July 2001) was a Polish communist politician. 

Gierek is known for opening communist Poland to Western influence. He made economic changes. For a time these changes helped Poland's economy stabilize. He modernized industry and increased access to products. Later the 1973 oil crisis made prices increase. Poland had many foreign debts. There were several revolts because of the economy. The Polish people were unhappy with Gierek and he was removed from power.

References

1913 births
2001 deaths
Polish communist politicians
Chiang Ching-kuo (27 April 1910 – 13 January 1988) was a Taiwanese politician. He held numerous posts in the government of the Republic of China (ROC).

Chiang Ching-kuo was the son of Chiang Kai-shek. He succeeded his father to serve as Premier of the Republic of China. He was the President of the Republic of China from 1978 until his death in 1988.

References

1910 births
1988 deaths
Anti-Communists
Methodists
Prime ministers
Presidents of the Republic of China
The Aconcagua River is a river that flows from east to west through the Valparaíso region in north central Chile and flows into the Pacific Ocean  north of Valparaíso.

Although it has the same name, the Aconcagua river does not starts in the slopes of Aconcagua, which is in Argentina about  from the beginning of the river, in Chilean territory.

Geography

The Aconcagua river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Course
The Aconcagua river starts on the Andes at an elevation of about , at the confluence of two rivers:
 Juncal river, that starts in the Nevado Juncal mountain; it is  long.
 Blanco river, that is  long.

From its start, the river flows through the Aconcagua valley. Before the city of Los Andes, the river is joined, as a right tributary, by the Colorado river,  long, and then, after the city of San Felipe, by the Putaendo river, also a right tributary with a length of .

The river keeps flowing to the west, running through the cities of La Calera and Quillota, in the Quillota province. Finally, the Aconcagua river flows in the Pacific Ocean at the city of Concón, in the Valparaíso province.

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Aconcagua river are:

Left tributaries:
 Estero Los Loros - 18 km

Right tributaries:
 Colorado- 58 km
 Putaendo - 34 km
 Estero Quilpué - 47 km
 Estero Limache

Related pages
 List of rivers of Chile

References

Other websites
 
 Cuenca Río Aconcagua  
 Saneamiento de los ríos Aconcagua y La Ligua  

Rivers of Chile
Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko was a Soviet statesman during the Cold War. He was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy.

Decorations and awards
 Twice Hero of Socialist Labour
 7 Orders of Lenin
 Order of the Red Banner
 Order of the Badge of Honour
 Lenin Prize

References

1909 births
1989 deaths
Ambassadors of the Soviet Union
Heads of state
Russian communists
Soviet politicians
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Luis Carrero Blanco, 1st Duke of Carrero Blanco, Grandee of Spain (4 March 1904 – 20 December 1973) was a Spanish admiral. He was a trusted associate of dictator Francisco Franco. He was assassinated by a member of ETA, a Basque group.

References

1904 births
1973 deaths
Admirals
Anti-Communists
Assassinated people
Prime Ministers of Spain
Spanish military people
Spanish Roman Catholics
Marshal Lon Nol (, also ; 13 November 1913 – 17 November 1985) was a Cambodian politician and military leader. He led a coup against Prince Norodom Sihanouk in 1970. Nol made himself President of the newly created Khmer Republic. 

The Khmer Rouge took leadership of Cambodia. Lon Nol fled from Cambodia to Indonesia and then to the United States.

References

1913 births
1985 deaths
Anti-Communists
Asian military people
Buddhists
Government ministers
People of the Vietnam War
Heads of state of Cambodia
Prime Ministers of Cambodia
Hu Yaobang (20 November 1915 – 15 April 1989) was a Chinese politician and a high-ranking official of the People's Republic of China.

Hu Yaobang was a political ally of Deng Xiaoping. They fought together in the Chinese Civil War. Both were part of the communist force that took power of Sichuan in 1949. Hu became the leader of the Communist Youth League from 1952–1966.

During the Cultural Revolution, Hu Yaobang was said to not be true to the Communist Party of China and Mao Zedong. He was rehabilitated twice. He was an important supporter of Deng Xiaoping's rise to power.

Hu Yaobang's death in 1989 was a cause for the Tiananmen Square protests.

References

1915 births
1989 deaths
General Secretaries of the Communist Party of China
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Gennady Ivanovich Yanayev was a Soviet politician.

Yanayev held several political positions. He served during the rules of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Andropov and Chernenko. With the help of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yanayev was elected the first and only Vice President of the Soviet Union. He later led the "Gang of Eight" to depose Gorbachev. The coup ended after 3 days. Yanayev was arrested. In 1994 he was pardoned by the State Duma.

Decorations and awards
 Order of the Red Banner of Labour, twice
 Order of the Badge of Honour, twice

1937 births
2010 deaths
Russian communists
Tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss and other hearing problems. It is described as hearing sound in the head or ears that does not come from an outside source. Many people will hear ringing, buzzing, hissing or whistling sounds, but tinnitus can be other sounds such as roaring and humming as well.  

Different people will hear different sounds from tinnitus but how they hear it can also be different. Tinnitus can be loud or quiet and it can be continuous or occasional and some people will not notice their tinnitus but some people become very annoyed from it, especially when then feel tired or stressed.
 
There are many things that can cause people to get tinnitus. These are the main reasons:
Listening to loud noises 
Extreme stress
Old age 
Some diseases 
Some medicines

Treatments and therapies 
People of different range of age can develop tinnitus. It is not a disorder but the symptom of some underlying health condition.

People with tinnitus may take part in yoga, exercise regularly, perform sound therapies or join a tinnitus community .  Playing a faint background noise in the background also helps in keeping the phantom noise at bay.

References

Other websites 
 National Hearing Care Find an audiologist in Australia and get more information on hearing problems.
 Bay Audiology Find an audiologist in New Zealand and get more information on the hearing problem. 

Hearing
Health problems
Symptoms
Ernest Bevin was a British statesman, trade union leader, and Labour politician. Bevin strongly opposed Communism. He helped in the creation of NATO.

References

1881 births
1951 deaths
Anti-Communists
Baptists
British people of World War II
English Protestants
Former Labour Party (UK) MPs
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from Somerset
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
Trade unionists
UK MPs 1935–1945
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
The Frankfurt Universe are a German American football team from Frankfurt, Hesse.

The club was formed in 2007. Previously Frankfurt had the NFL Europa team Frankfurt Galaxy. In late 2014 the club announced that it had purchased the rights for the Galaxy name. Once again they played under the name Frankfurt Galaxy. In the official 2015 table of the German Football League however the team is still listed as Frankfurt Universe. It was renamed again as Frankfurt Universe in 2016.

Starting in 2015 the team plays at Frankfurter Volksbank Stadion, home ground of association football team FSV Frankfurt.

The team won the GFL 2 south in 2015 with a perfect season. They earned a promotion to the GFL after the eighth placed GFL team, the Franken Knights, withdrew from the promotion/relegation round.

Honours
The team's honours:
 German Bowl
 Runners-up: 2018
 EFL Bowl
 Champions: 2016
 Eurobowl
 Runners-up: 2017, 2018
 German Football League – Southern Division
 Runners-up: 2016, 2017
 League membership: 2016–present
 German Football League 2 – Southern Division
 Champions: 2015
 Runners-up: 2012, 2013

References

Other websites
 Official Website  
 German Football League official website  
 Football History  Historic American football tables from Germany

2007 establishments in Germany

American football
Frankfurt
Sport in Hesse
Sports clubs
There are 4 arrondissements in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence are:

History
Since its creation, the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with five districts: Barcelonnette, Castellane, Digne, Forcalquier and Sisteron; the capital was Digne.
 1800 : creation of five arrondissements: Barcelonnette, Castellane, Digne, Forcalquier and Sisteron.
 1926 : the arrondissements of Castellane and Sisteron were eliminated.
 1942 : Castellane was made again an arrondissement.

Related pages
List of arrondissements of France

References

Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
The arrondissement of Barcelonnette is an arrondissement of France, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Barcelonnette.

History
When the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Barcelonnette was part of that original department.

Geography
The arrondissement of Barcelonnette is in the northeast of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department. It is bordered to the northeast by Italy, to the southeast by the Alpes-Maritimes department, to the south by the Castellane and Digne-les-Baines arrondissements and to the west and north by the Hautes-Alpes department.

The arrondissement of Barcelonnette is the smallest arrondissement of the department both in area, , and population (8,004 inhabitants).

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

There is only one canton in the arrondissement of Barcelonnette, with all its communes in the arrondissement: the canton of Barcelonnette  (0401).

Communes
The arrondissement of Barcelonnette has 14 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

 
 Barcelonnette (04019)
 Ubaye-Serre-Ponçon (04033)
 La Condamine-Châtelard (04062)
 Enchastrayes (04073)
 Faucon-de-Barcelonnette (04086)
 Jausiers (04096)
 Le Lauzet-Ubaye (04102)
 Val-d'Oronaye (04120)
 Pontis (04154)
 Méolans-Revel (04161)
 Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye (04193)
 Saint-Pons (04195)
 Les Thuiles (04220)
 Uvernet-Fours (04226)
 

The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Barcelonnette
The arrondissement of Castellane is an arrondissement of France, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Castellane.

History
When the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Castellane was part of that original department.

The arrondissement was eliminated in 1926 but became again an arrondissement in 1952.

Geography
The arrondissement of Castellane is in eastern Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. It is bordered to the north by the arrondissement of Barcelonnette, to the east by the Alpes-Maritimes department, to the south by the Var department and to the west by the arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains.

The arrondissement of Castellane is the second smallest arrondissement of the department, after the arrondissement of Barcelonnette,  both in area, , and population (9,493 inhabitants).

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

There is only one canton in the arrondissement of Castellane, with all its communes in the arrondissement: the canton of Castellane  (0402).

Communes
The arrondissement of Castellane has 41 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

 Allons (04005)
 Allos (04006)
 Angles (04007)
 Annot (04008)
 Barrême (04022)
 Beauvezer (04025)
 Blieux (04030)
 Braux (04032)
 Castellane (04039)
 Castellet-lès-Sausses (04042)
 Val-de-Chalvagne (04043)
 Chaudon-Norante (04055)
 Clumanc (04059)
 Colmars (04061)
 Demandolx (04069)
 Entrevaux (04076)
 Le Fugeret (04090)
 La Garde (04092)
 Lambruisse (04099)
 Méailles (04115)
 Moriez (04133)
 La Mure-Argens (04136)
 La Palud-sur-Verdon (04144)
 Peyroules (04148)
 La Rochette (04170)
 Rougon (04171)
 Saint-André-les-Alpes (04173)
 Saint-Benoît (04174)
 Saint-Jacques (04180)
 Saint-Julien-du-Verdon (04183)
 Saint-Lions (04187)
 Saint-Pierre (04194)
 Sausses (04202)
 Senez (04204)
 Soleilhas (04210)
 Tartonne (04214)
 Thorame-Basse (04218)
 Thorame-Haute (04219)
 Ubraye (04224)
 Vergons (04236)
 Villars-Colmars (04240)

The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Castellane
The arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains is an arrondissement of France, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Digne-les-Bains.

History
When the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains was part of that original department.

Geography
The arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains is in the central part of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department. It is bordered to the north by the arrondissement of Barcelonnette, to the east by the  arrondissement of Castellane, to the south by the Var department and to the west by the arrondissement of Forcalquier.

The arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains is the largest arrondissement of the department in area, , but the second in population (55,758 inhabitants), after the arrondissement of Forcalquier.

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

In the arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains, there are 6 cantons and 4 of them with all their communes in the arrondissement:

 Digne-les-Bains-1 (0404)
 Digne-les-Bains-2 (0405)
 Oraison (0410) (partly)
 Riez (0412)
 Seyne (0413) (partly)
 Valensole (0415)

Communes
The arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains has 46 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

 Aiglun (04001)
 Archail (04009)
 Auzet (04017)
 Barles (04020)
 Barras (04021)
 Beaujeu (04024)
 Beynes (04028)
 Bras-d'Asse (04031)
 Le Brusquet (04036)
 Le Castellard-Mélan (04040)
 Le Chaffaut-Saint-Jurson (04046)
 Champtercier (04047)
 Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban (04049)
 Châteauredon (04054)
 Digne-les-Bains (04070)
 Draix (04072)
 Entrages (04074)
 L’Escale (04079)
 Estoublon (04084)
 Ganagobie (04091)
 La Javie (04097)
 Majastres (04107)
 Malijai (04108)
 Mallefougasse-Augès (04109)
 Mallemoisson (04110)
 Marcoux (04113)
 Les Mées (04116)
 Mézel (04121)
 Mirabeau (04122)
 Montclar (04126)
 Moustiers-Sainte-Marie (04135)
 Peyruis (04149)
 Prads-Haute-Bléone (04155)
 La Robine-sur-Galabre (04167)
 Sainte-Croix-du-Verdon (04176)
 Hautes-Duyes (04177)
 Saint-Jeannet (04181)
 Saint-Julien-d'Asse (04182)
 Saint-Jurs (04184)
 Saint-Martin-lès-Seyne (04191)
 Selonnet (04203)
 Seyne (04205)
 Thoard (04217)
 Verdaches (04235)
 Le Vernet (04237)
 Volonne (04244) 

The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Digne-les-Bains
Conductive hearing loss is one of the main types of hearing loss.  It happens when sound is blocked from going through the outer and middle ear into the inner ear and will only make noises sound less loud. 

Most of the time, conductive hearing loss can be treated but how it is treated depends on the causes and is different for everyone.

Causes
 Ear infections - some infections can cause the ear to swell and can make pus that blocks the ears
 Ruptured ear drums - a hole in the ear drum that makes it harder for sound to travel through the ears
 Objects blocking ear canal - some objects such as cotton tips and sometimes even ear wax can block the ears

Treatment
Medical - some ear infections can be treated by medicine
Surgery - sometimes surgery is needed to remove ojects that are blocking the ears
Hearing aids - since conductive hearing loss usually makes noises sound quieter, hearing aids can help by making the sounds louder for users

References

Other websites 
 National Hearing Care Find an audiologist in Australia and get more information on hearing problems.
 Bay Audiology Find an audiologist in New Zealand and get more information on hearing problems.

Hearing
Disability
Health problems
Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common and one of the main types of hearing loss. It is also known as "nerve deafness". Unlike the other main type of hearing loss - conductive hearing loss - sensorineural hearing loss is permanent.

Not only does sensorineural hearing loss cause noise to sound quieter but also makes sound less clear. This makes listening when there is a lot of noise harder and also makes hearing other people talk harder.

Causes 
There are two parts of the ear that can be damaged to cause sensorineural hearing loss, either the cochlea or the hearing nerve. They do not both have to be damaged to cause hearing loss and can be caused by a number of different things.   

Age related - the cochlea and hearing nerve of older people is more likely to be damaged than younger people, causing hearing loss  
Noise related - listening to loud music or being in a place with very loud noise for a long time can damage your hearing
Disease - there are a few diseases and medications that can also cause hearing loss as a side-effect

Treatment 
Unlike conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss is permanent. There may be ways to cure it but these are very limited. There are however ways to treat it and make it better. 

Using hearing aids is the most popular way to treat this hearing loss. Hearing aids are not just able to make sound louder, which does not always help (because louder sound does not mean clearer sound) but can also reduce sounds that are not needed to hear other people talk while making speech louder. This is very helpful in making speech easier to understand.

References

Other websites 
 National Hearing Care Find an audiologist in Australia and get more information on hearing loss and treatment.
 Bay Audiology Find an audiologist in New Zealand and get more information on hearing loss and treatment.

Hearing
Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr. (September 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997) was the ninth President of the Philippines. He is known for changing the country's Independence Day from July 4 to June 12. June 12 is the day President Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence of the First Philippine Republic from the Spanish Empire in 1898.

He is the father of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who was the fourteenth President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010.

References

1910 births
1997 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Anti-Communists
Filipino lawyers
Presidents of the Philippines
Roman Catholics
Vice Presidents of the Philippines
Alain Émile Louis Marie Poher was a French politician. He was president of the French Senate from 3 October 1968 to 1 October 1992. Because of this he was interim President of France twice.

References

1909 births
1996 deaths
Former MEPs
French Roman Catholics
MEPs for France
Presidents of France
Presidents of the European Parliament
Presidents of the Senate (France)
Bishop is a city in Inyo County, California in the United States. Bishop is the only city in Inyo County. Bishop is in the Owens Valley. It was named after Bishop Creek, which comes from the Sierra Nevada mountains nearby. Bishop Creek was named after Samuel Addison Bishop, who moved to the Owens Valley. Bishop had 3,879 people in 2010. It is at an elevation of 4,150 feet (1,260 meters) above sea level.

References 

Cities in California
Settlements in Inyo County, California
Noise induced hearing loss (NHL) is hearing loss caused by sounds that are too loud (high decibel level) and damage hearing cells in the ear. This can make noises sound quieter as well as make noise less clear, it can also cause other hearing related symptoms such as tinnitus. NHL is permanent and cannot usually be restored.

Most of the time, NHL happens after being around a lot of noise for long periods of time. Listening to loud music, city traffic or even things like a hair dryer for can damage hearing after a while. But NHL can also happen suddenly when close to an extremely loud sound. This can come from things like being close to an airplane or a gunshot.

Signs of NHL 
Hearing is a very important sense. It can be hard to notice hearing loss, especially if it happens over time instead of suddenly. Even if it is hard for a person experiencing it to notice, it will still have a large effect on their life.

Not being able to hear a conversation when there is a lot of noise around is usually a good sign of hearing loss. Other people may sound like they are speaking softly or their speech may not be clear. Both of these can be signs of NHL. Similarly, having to ask people to repeat themselves and having to try very hard to hear people speak are also signs.

Apart from not being able to hear very well when talking to other people, there are other signs of NHL such as tinnitus as well as some other diseases and medication.

Preventing NHL 
Since NHL causes permanent damage, knowing the signs and causes of it and preventing it early is the only way to keep hearing healthy. 
Lowering the volume of sound is a good way to start. Even though controlling the level of sound heard is not always possible, when listening to music or watching movies it can be done and will keep hearing from being damaged.  
If controlling the level of sound is not possible then avoiding being around loud sound for a long time will help too. This is because the level of sound is not the only thing that is important for hearing loss, how long this loud sound is present is important as well.  
If none of the above methods to prevent hearing loss are possible, then using earplugs or earmuffs is a must. This will reduce the sound that is able to reach and cause damage to the ears. This is useful for people who work in places that are loud such as a  construction site.

Treatment 
Although NHL is permanent and most of the time cannot be cured, there are ways to manage it.

The most common thing to do is use hearing aids. Hearing aids can help with hearing loss by making sound louder and speech clearer. They can also be customised by audiologists to suit almost any lifestyle and to suit the specific needs of different people.

References

Hearing
Health problems
Mohammad Hamid Ansari (born 1 April 1937) is an Indian politician. He was the 12th Vice-President of India from 2007 through 2017. He is the first Vice President of India to be re-elected after Dr.Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. Hamid Ansari serves as the president of the Indian Institute of Public Administration. He is also the Chancellor of Panjab University, Chandigarh.

Hamid Ansari was born in Calcutta(present Kolkata), West Bengal on 1 April 1937. He is the grand-nephew of former Congress president Mukthar Ahmad Ansari. Hamid started his career as Officer in Indian Foreign Service in 1961. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1984.

References 

1937 births
Living people
Vice Presidents of India
Cashtown is a census-designated place (CDP) in Franklin Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community was part of the Cashtown-McKnightstown CDP, until it was split into two separate CDPs for the 2010 census. As of 2010, the population of Cashtown was 459.

History 
During the American Civil War, Cashtown was occupied by the Confederate States Army twice. Once in October 1862 when Confederate cavalry led by General J.E.B. Stuart occupied the town briefly. On June 28, 1863, General Robert E. Lee had invaded Pennsylvania a second time and was on his way to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, the state capital. When he received word that the Union Army of the Potomac was coming, he ordered his divisions to assemble at Cashtown. On June 30 Confederate General Henry Heth had his divisions at Cashtown and sent a division to nearby Gettysburg to forage for supplies. Without any reconnaissance to see what was ahead of them, the Confederates blundered into a Union cavalry commanded by General John Buford. This started the Battle of Gettysburg.

Geography
Cashtown is  northwest of Gettysburg in western Adams County. U.S. Route 30 bypasses the center of the community. It forms the northern edge of the CDP. Old U.S. 30, the original Lincoln Highway, is the main street of Cashtown. McKnightstown is  to the east.

References

Other websites 
Cashtown Community Fire Dept.

Census-designated places in Pennsylvania