cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
CTV Television Network (commonly referred to as CTV) is a Canadian English-language television network.

CTV Stations
CIVT Vancouver, British Columbia

CFCN Calgary, Alberta

CKCK Regina, Saskatchewan

CKY Winnipeg, Manitoba

CICI Sudbury, Ontario

CFCF Montreal, Quebec

CKLT Saint John, New Brunswick

CJCH Halifax, Nova Scotia

CKCW Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island

CJON St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

Slogans 
 1961-1966 This is CTV
 1966-1967 The Colour Network
 1967-1974 It's Happening on CTV
 1968-1969 Pleasure Isle (TV promos only)
 1974-1985 For Those Who Want It All
 1985-1987 CTV Entertains You
 1987-1988 You'll See it All on CTV
 1988-1989 The Choice of Canadians
 1989-1990 Watch Yourself on CTV
 1990-1994 Tuned In To You
 1994-1997 This Is CTV
 1997-2005 Canadian Television
 2003-2005 Canada's Watching (alternate slogan)
 2005-2009 Canada's #1 Network

CTV Two 

Since the 2007 acquisition of A Channel by CTVglobemedia as part of the takeover of CHUM Limited, media analysts had speculated that CTV may potentially extend its market-leading CTV brand to that network. It was first rebranded as A in 2008, then as CTV Two on August 29, 2011.

Canadian television networks
1961 establishments in Canada
The Kootenay Ice are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1998. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Cranbrook, British Columbia at the Cranbrook Recreational Complex. The team was originally known as the Edmonton Ice from 1996 to 1998 before it moved to Cranbrook in 1998. The team has won 3 Ed Chynoweth Cups in the 1999-00, 2001-02 and 2010-11 seasons.

Other websites
Official website

1998 establishments in Canada
Canadian Hockey League teams
Western Hockey League
Ice hockey teams in British Columbia
A dungeon is a room or cell in a castle to keep prisoners. Most dungeons are underground, some are high up in towers.

An oubliette is a type of dungeon that can be entered by using a trapdoor in the ceiling.

Castles
Rooms
Imprisonment and detention
Salvatore Cammarano (also Salvadore) (19 March 1801 – 17 July 1852) was an Italian librettist and playwright. He is probably best known for writing the text of Lucia di Lammermoor (1835) for Gaetano Donizetti. He was born and died in Naples.

For Donizetti he also wrote L'assedio di Calais (1836), Belisario (1836), Pia de' Tolomei (1837), Roberto Devereux (1837), Maria de Rudenz (1838), Poliuto (1838), and Maria di Rohan (1843). For Giuseppe Persiani he wrote Ines de Castro.

For Verdi he wrote Alzira (1845), La battaglia di Legnano (1849) and Luisa Miller (1849). He had almost finished his libretto for Il trovatore (1853) when he died in July 1852. It was completed by Leone Emanuele Bardare.  Cammarano started a libretto for William Shakespeare's King Lear, named Re Lear. He died before completing it. A scenario survives.

References 

 Black, John, The Italian Romantic Libretto: A Study of Salvadore Cammarano, Edinburgh University Press, 1984

Other websites 
 Opera at Stanford University

1801 births
1852 deaths
Librettists
People from Naples
Writers from Campania
Italian composers
Italian poets
Italian writers
Playwrights
Sofía Margarita Vergara Vergara (born July 10, 1972) is a Colombian and American actress, comedian, television hostess and model. 

Vergara stars on the ABC series Modern Family as "Gloria Delgado-Pritchett", for which she was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards for Best Comedy Actress.  Her first big English role was 2002 film Big Trouble.

References

Other websites 

1972 births
Living people
Colombian entertainers
Colombian movie actors
People from Barranquilla
Colombian television actors
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) people in Israel are considered to have more rights than anywhere else in the Middle East. In November 2005, a groundbreaking (which has not happened before) court decision in Israel ruled that a lesbian spouse could officially adopt a child born to her current partner by artificial insemination from an anonymous sperm donor; this ruling came despite protests by the minority Orthodox Jewish parliamentary parties. Common law marriage, which grants most of the official marriage rights to the spouse has been achieved, but full official same-sex marriage has not yet been sanctioned. However, same-sex marriages performed elsewhere are recognized.

Summary table

  No restriction if last MSM activity was before 1977.

References

Israel
Politics of Israel
Pruchnik is a town in the east of Poland. It is in Jarosław County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship about 17 kilometres from the town of Jarosław.

Towns in Poland
In the Palestinian-occupied Israeli territories, there are no laws that specifically protect LGBT people. No laws protect LGBT people from discrimination (not being treated equally because they are LGBT) or harassment. However, the Basic Law of the Palestinian Constitution claims to give all Palestinians certain freedoms. For example, it covers freedom of belief, freedom of expression, and freedom of bodily integrity. It also gives Palestinians freedom from discrimination "because of race, sex, color, religion, political views, or disability". The Basic Law also protects people's human rights. In other countries, people have used these types of laws and freedoms to argue that LGBT rights should exist. However, hundreds of gay Palestinians have left and moved to Israel because they did not feel welcome or safe in Palestinian-ruled areas.

Homosexuality is still illegal in parts of the Palestine-occupied Israeli territories. In 1951, same-sex acts were decriminalized in Judea and Samaria, which was occupied by Jordan. Same-sex acts are still decriminalized there today. On the other hand, in the Gaza Strip, same-sex acts between men were made illegal in 1936, by the British Mandate Criminal Code Ordinance, No. 74. This law is still in place, so same-sex acts between men are still illegal there. Lesbian women are not covered by this law. 

In both Judea and Samaria and the Gaza Strip, the Palestinian Authority has not made laws either for or against homosexuality. Instead, the President of the Palestinian Authority decided to keep the laws that were already in place in the Gaza Strip and Judea and Samaria. On May 20, 1994, he ruled that laws that took effect before June 5, 1967 in these areas would not be changed. The laws are also more complicated because the Palestinian territories have been ruled by many different foreign powers, like the Ottoman Empire, the British Empire, Jordan, and Egypt. Each of these foreign powers, along with Israel, created their own laws for the Palestinian-occupied Israeli territories. Because of the many different laws that have been in place there, the legal situation in the territories is confusing. Sometimes, the criminal law about homosexuality is applied (or used) in the territories. At other times, the laws are not applied. It can be different in the different territories.

References

Palestine
Politics of Palestine
Vladivostok () is a city on the Pacific Ocean shore of the Russian Far East. Vladivostok was founded on 2 July 1860. The east end of the Trans-Siberian railway is there. The city is the home of the Russian Pacific Fleet. The population of the city at the census of 2019 was 605,049. The highest point of historical part of Vladivostok is Eagle's Nest Hill (199 m), but the highest point of Vladivostok City District is unnamed mountain named by citizens as Blue Hill (474 m).

References

Vladivostok
Capital cities in Russia
Cathy Cassidy (born 13 June 1962) is an English author of teenage books mainly based on domestic fiction. At the age of eight she wrote her first picture book for her brother, Jake. During her childhood, Cathy loved to create comics. She would often rent out comics to her friends for 5 pence, claim them back and then rent them out again to someone else.

School life and early career
Cathy attended an art college in Liverpool as a young adult. After passing her degree, Cathy worked for the Jackie Magazine, as a fiction editor. Cathy has taught as an art teacher in a number of schools - 7 primary and some secondary. She illustrates many of her books and has done so for all her books in a series of Daisy Star.

Personal life
Cassidy lives in Galloway, Scotland, with her husband Liam and her two children, Caitlin (aged 17) and Calum (aged 19). Cathy has been a veggie for 35 years and a vegan for eight of them. She has a lurcher, named Kelpie, who inspired the dog Legg-It in Dizzy, her first book.

Writing career
Cathy Cassidy has currently written fourteen books.  Her first book was Dizzy published in 2004, followed on by Indigo Blue, published in 2005. At the age of 50, Cathy Cassidy's last books were Marshmallow Skye and The Chocolate Box Girls.

Works
Dizzy (2004),
Indigo Blue (2005),
Driftwood (2005),
Scarlett (2006),
Sundae Girl (2007),
Lucky Star (2007),
Gingersnaps (2008),
The Cathy Cassidy Dreams and Doodles Daybook (2008),
Shine on, Daizy Star (2009),
Angel Cake (2009),
Letters to Cathy (2009),
Daizy Star and the Pink Guitar (2010),
Cherry Crush - the Chocolate Box Girls (2010),
Strike a Pose, Daizy Star (2011) and
Marshmallow Skye, The Chocolate Box Girls (2011).

She has also written three mini-books:
Love Peace and Chocolate (2007),
Ice-cream and Dreams (2008) and
Cupcakes and Kisses (2009).

Cathy is also currently writing three new additions to the Chocolate Box Girls series, named:
'Summer's Dream', 'Coco Caramel' and 'Sweet Honey', based on the other Tanberry sisters. The plots for 'Coco Caramel' and 'Sweet Honey' have not been confirmed yet, however, 'Summer's Dream' plot has been confirmed.

References

Other websites
Official website

1962 births
Living people
British children's writers
English writers
The French Revolutionary Wars consisted of conflicts between 1792 and 1802; there was fighting between French Revolutionary government and several European states. French Revolutionary Armies, with revolutionary fervor and military innovations, defeated a number of opposing coalitions. They expanded French control into the Low Countries, Italy and the Rhineland. There was also fighting in Egypt and on the high seas. These wars involved huge numbers of soldiers because the French used modern mass conscription. 

France was at war with Great Britain constantly from 1793 until 1802, and other countries joined Britain in the wars of First Coalition (1792 to 1797) and Second (1798 to 1801). Hostilities ceased with the Treaty of Amiens 1802, though conflicts soon flared up again with the Napoleonic War.

Revolutions
Wars involving France
1790s in Europe
1800s in Europe

als:Koalitionskriege
Raoul Gustaf Wallenberg (4 August 1912 – disappeared 17 January 1945) was a Swedish businessman and diplomat. He helped save about 100,000 Hungarian Jews from being killed by the Nazis in 1944, during the Holocaust in World War II.  He often risked his life, and later won worldwide admiration for his heroic eforts.

Background
Wallenberg was born in Kapptsta, near Stockholm.  He was a member of a prominent family of bankers and industrialists.  He visited Hungary on business in the early 1940s, during World War II.  Wallenberg became increasingly disturbed by the plans of Nazi leader Adolf Hitler to kill all the Jews of Europe.  In 1944, the World Jewish Congress and the American War Refugee Board asked Wallennberg to help and he agreed to go to Hungary to save the remaining Jews there.

Rescue of Jews 
The Swedish government sent Wallenberg to serve as a diplomat in Budapest, Hungary's capital.  He gave Swedish passports to about 20,000 Jews, allowing them to ask for the protection of the neutral Swedish government.  He also protected Jews in houses he bought or rented with his own money or money from the groups that had sent him.  Wallenberg, a Lutheran, was assisted by Roman Catholic and other non-Jewish leaders.

Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi official who directed the sending of Jews to concentration camps, ordered Wallenberg to stop interfering with German plans for the Jews.  Wallenberg said no.  Eichmann tried to have Wallenberg killed, but he was not killed.  In the final days before the liberation of Budapest by Soviet soldiers, Wallenberg persuaded the Nazis to stop a plan to kill 70,000 Jews who were forced to live in a ghetto (separated part) of the city.

Arrest and death
In January 1945, Soviet forces arrested Wallenberg.  They apparently believed he was an American spy.  In 1957, the Soviet government reported that Wallenberg had died of a heart attack in prison in 1947.  But several people said that they saw him alive in Soviet prisons and hospitals after 1947.

In 1981, the United States Congress made Wallenberg an honorary U.S. citizen.

Related pages

List of people who disappeared mysteriously: 1910–1990

Notes

Other websites
Raoul Wallenberg - Righteous Among the Nations - Yad Vashem
The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation
The Raoul Wallenberg Committee of the United States
Searching for Raoul Wallenberg 

Swedish diplomats
1947 deaths
1912 births
World War II people
Swedish businesspeople
Righteous Among the Nations
Livius Andronicus (died between 207 and 200 BC) was a Greek author who is seen as the first Ancient Roman poet. He was probably an actor, and grew up in the Greek city Tarentum.  Scholars think he was captured as a prisoner of war and taken to Rome as a slave.  He was later freed, so they called him a freedman. His first language was Greek and scholars think he learned Latin after coming to Rome. His most famous work is the Odusia, a translation of the Odyssey into Latin.

References

Ancient Greek poets
210s deaths
Periwinkle is a color in the blue family.  Its name comes from the lesser periwinkle or myrtle herb (Vinca minor) which has flowers of the same color.  

The color Periwinkle is also called lavender blue.  The color periwinkle may be considered a pale tint of indigo – a pastel indigo. 

The first written use of periwinkle as a color name in English was in 1922.

Periwinkle is also the favorite color of Perry the Platypus from the children's television series, Phineas and Ferb.

Meaning of periwinkle
 The color periwinkle may represent serenity, calmness, winter and ice. A periwinkle ribbon represents stomach cancer and esophageal cancer awareness.
 The color periwinkle is the color of loss on Reddit.
The color is considered to be a blue due to the Hue and saturation being far into the blue spectrum

Tones of periwinkle color comparison chart

Related pages
 List of colors

References
Sasha Grey (born Marina Ann Hantzis on March 14, 1988) is an American former pornographic actress, who now does ordinary acting, modelling, and music. She was born and raised in North Highlands, California. In 2005, she started taking acting, dancing and music lessons. After she turned 18, she started to participate in pornographic movies in Los Angeles. She is openly bisexual.

Grey has released two books. A photo book, Neü Sex, was released on March 29, 2011 by VICE books. On May 9, 2013 The Juliette Society, an erotic novel, was published by Sphere.

She has been in three music videos.

Filmography

Film

Series

Music videos

Video games

References

Other websites
 

1988 births
Living people
Actors from Sacramento County, California
American adult models
American LGBT sex industry people
American movie actors
American pornographic actors
American television actors
Bisexual people
LGBT models
LGBT musicians
LGBT people from California
LGBT pornographic actors
Models from California
Musicians from California
The Danish People's Party is a Danish national conservative political party placed on the right wing. The aim of the Danish People's Party is to assert Denmark's independence, to guarantee the freedom of the Danish people in their own country, and to preserve and promote representative government and the monarchy.
The leader of the party has since 2022 been Morten Messerschmidt. The former leader was Pia Kjærsgaard who also founded the party in 1995. By 2013, the party has over 12,000 members. 

Politics of Denmark
Political parties in Europe
Nationalist organizations in Europe
Eurosceptic parties
1985 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Denmark
The Boxcar Children is a children's story. It was written by Gertrude Chandler Warner. It was published by Rand McNally in 1924. Warner wrote 19 other books about the boxcar children and their adventures. Other people wrote more stories. There are over 100 books about the boxcar children. Over the years they have made the story into different novels, comic books and they are making a movie which will be released in April of 2014.

Story 
Henry, Jessie, Violet, and Benny are orphans. They have never seen their grandfather Mr. Alden. They have heard he is cruel. They run away because they don't want to live with him. One night, they find shelter in a bakery. They say they will help with the work the next day if they can stay the night. Benny is too little to work. The baker wants to take him to the children's home. The childen run away. 

The children find an old boxcar in the woods. They make it their home. They find dishes, spoons, and other things to use in their new home. They help a dog with a hurt paw. Benny names the dog "Watch". The children dam a stream to make a swimming pool. Henry gets a job working for Dr. Moore. He mows the lawn and cleans the garage. He works in the garden for the doctor's mother. She gives him some vegetables. All the children pick cherries from the trees in the garden. The children are happy. 

Dr. Moore reads in a newspaper that Mr. Alden is looking for his grandchildren. The doctor calls Mr. Alden. Mr. Alden arrives at the doctor's house. The children grow to like him. He is not cruel but kind. The children move to their grandfather's house. Mr. Alden puts the boxcar in the back yard for their fun.

1924 works
English-language novels
Children's books
1920s books
Genevieve Knight Hannelius (born December 22, 1998) is better known as G. Hannelius. She is an American actress and singer who is the new voice of Rosebud in the Air Buddies series.

Early life
Hannelius was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She moved to southern Maine at age 1. She started acting at a young age. Her theater roles include Madeline in Madeline's Rescue and Jenny in Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing with Children's Theatre of Maine and Maine State Music Theater. She moved to California for 3 months to try out auditions, and she was so successful that her family relocated permanently to Los Angeles in 2008.

References

Other websites
 
 

1998 births
actors from Boston, Massachusetts
American child actors
Singers from Boston, Massachusetts
American stage actors
American television actors
Disney actors
Living people
Alejandro Abrines Redondo (born in Palma de Mallorca in 1993) is a Spanish professional basketball player. He currently plays for FC Barcelona Bàsquet. 
Abrines started to play basketball at seven years old in La Salle Palma (C.B. La Salle). He was playing basketball in La Salle in the junior category at seventeen years old.

In 2010 Abrines went to a campus with Unicaja De Málaga, and signed a contract with Aíto García Reneses, the trainer of Unicaja De Málaga.

He started playing in LEB Oro with Clínicas Rincón, the branch of Unicaja. 
In the summer of 2011 Abrines was selected to the Spanish selection of Basketball U-18 for play the European Championship, where he was elected MVP.

And later was selected to play the all-star at European level.
In October 2011 Alejandro Abrines debuted VS Gran Canaria in the ACB. He later did the same in the Basketball Euroleague. In February 2012 he debuted in La Copa del Rey.

Other websites
 Spanish League Profile  

1993 births
Living people
Spanish basketball players
People from Palma de Mallorca
Japanese calendar types have included several of official and unofficial systems. At present, Japan uses the Gregorian calendar and also the Japanese era name system.

History
Japan has more than one traditional system for counting years, including
The Chinese calendar (sexagenary cycle)
The  or "National calendar year" based on the legendary founding of Japan by Emperor Jimmu in 660 BC.
The  based on the reign of the current emperor

Since the Meiji period, Japan has used the  system.

In Japan today, the old Chinese calendar is rarely used. The system of counting years from the reign of Emperor Jimmu has been abandoned.

Annual holidays in Japan's calendar

The Japanese calendar has yearly holidays and traditional events.  Some of these preserve ancient customs.

The names and dates of some of Japan's national holidays have changed over time.

Related pages
 Japanese Imperial year
 Japanese era names

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"
 NengoCalc  

Japanese culture
Calendars
in Japan is celebrated on May 5.  It has been a national holiday in Japan since 1948. Children's Day is one of a group of national holidays called Golden Week.

History
Since the 8th century, it was traditional to have special days for children twice a year—March 3 for girls and May 5 for boys.

Related pages 
 Shichi-Go-San
 Hinamatsuri

References

Holidays
Japanese culture
May events
or "National calendar year" is a unique calendar system in Japan.  It is based on the legendary founding of Japan by Emperor Jimmu in 660 BC.

Kōki emphasizes the long history of Japan and the Imperial dynasty.

History
The Summer Olympics and Tokyo Expo were planned as anniversary events in 1940 (Kōki 2600); but the international games were not held because of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) used the Kōki system for identification.  For example, 
 The IJA's Type 92 battalion gun was called "ninety-two" because its design was completed in 1932; and the 2592nd year since the first Emperor of Japan was 1932 (Kōki 2592).
 The Mitsubishi A6M Zero was called the "Zero" because it entered service in 1940 (Kōki 2600).

In Japan today, the system of counting years from the reign of Emperor Jimmu has been abandoned.

Related pages
 Japanese calendar
 Japanese era names

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

Japanese culture
The Sagrada Familia (full name ) is a large Roman Catholic church in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It was designed by architect Antoni Gaudi (1852–1926).

Although it is not finished, the church is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In November 2010 it was consecrated (dedicated to a special purpose) and made a minor basilica by Pope Benedict XVI.

Building of the Sagrada Familia began in 1882. Gaudi started working on it in 1883. He took over the project, and changed it with his ideas on architecture and engineering.

Gaudi worked on it until he died. At the time of his death in 1926, less than a quarter of the building was finished. The Sagrada Familia's building was slow. It needed private donations (people giving money to it). It was stopped by the Spanish Civil War—only to start again in the 1950s. Building was more than halfway done after 2010. Some of the project's biggest problems still remain.

Gallery

References

Further reading

Other websites 

 Official website of the Construction Board of La Sagrada Família Foundation
 
 
 Gaudí and Sagrada Família Barcelona 
 Sagrada Familia at Great Buildings
 Journal of Sagrada Familia – Erke Blog
 La Sagrada Familia in" Gaudidesigner" web site.

Roman Catholic Cathedrals
Churches in Spain
World Heritage Sites in Spain
12 Treasures of Spain
Barcelona
Gertrude Chandler Warner (16 April 1890 - 29 August 1979) was an American writer. She wrote the popular Boxcar Children books. She was criticized for showing children with little parental supervision. Her critics thought that this would cause child rebellion. She was born in Putnam, Connecticut.

Other websites 
 About Gertrude Chandler Warner
Article about the Gertrude Warner Museum  
Biography of Warner and information about Boxcar Children 
 

19th-century writers from Connecticut
1890 births
1979 deaths
Norwich School (before called King Edward VI’s Grammar School) is a co-ed (girls and boys) private school in Norwich, England. It is one of the oldest schools in the world, going back to at least 1096. Norwich School has one of the best academic records in East Anglia. The Daily Telegraph ranked the school's A-Level results as 74th in 2006, 55th in 2007 and 80th in 2008 amongst independent schools in the UK. In each case, the rank was the highest in Norfolk and Suffolk. 

The school used to be for boys only. It began admitting girls below the Sixth Form in September 2008. All year groups had girls in them by September 2010. 

Norwich School is an Anglican school. It has a long relationship with Norwich Cathedral, which it uses for morning assemblies and some annual events. Many famous people were taught at Norwich School, like Horatio Nelson, who has a house named after him. 

There are eight houses: Brooke, Coke, Seagrim, Nelson, Parker, Repton, School and Valpy.

References

1096 establishments
Norwich
Schools in England
Christina Judith Perri (born August 19, 1986) is an American singer, musician and songwriter. She is from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her song "Jar of Hearts" became a hit in the United States. It has been used on the FOX network programs So You Think You Can Dance and Glee and the ABC Family series Switched at Birth. Another of her songs, "A Thousand Years", was used in the movie Twilight: Breaking Dawn.

Personal life
Perri was born in Bensalem, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia.  She attended Archbishop Ryan High School, a Roman Catholic high school in the Far Northeast section of Philadelphia.  She married Paul Costabile on December 12, 2017. Their daughter, Carmella Stanley Costabile, was born January 17, 2018.

In March 2019, Perri revealed she had maintained sobriety for seven years.

Albums 

 Headstrong. (2011)
 A Very Merry Perri Christmas (2012)
 Head or Heart (2014)
 songs for carmella: lullabies & sing-a-longs (2019)

References

Singers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Musicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American singer-songwriters
1986 births
Living people
Atlantic Records artists
Jorje Lorenzo Guerrrero (born 4 May 1987) is a Spanish motorcyclist. He was the world champion in MotoGP in 2010. In 2008, Lorenzo signed a contract with the official Yamaha team. He was the partner of seven-time world champion, Valentino Rossi. In the Portugal championship, Lorenzo got his first victory in MotoGP.
On 10 October 2010, in Malaysia, Jorge was proclaimed world champion of MotoGP.

References

1987 births
Living people
Spanish sportspeople
The Battle of Plataea was the final land battle during the second Persian invasion of Greece. It was a decisive victory for the Greeks as it ended that war.  The battle was in 479 BC near the city of Plataea in Boeotia. It was fought between the Greek allies (the city-states, of Sparta, Athens, Corinth and Megara), and the Persian Empire of Xerxes I.

The previous year, the Persian invasion force, led by the Xerxes in person, won the Battles of Thermopylae and Artemisium, and conquered Thessaly, Boeotia and Attica. However, at the last-ditch naval Battle of Salamis, the Allied Greek navy had won a surprise victory, and that stopped the conquest of the whole Peloponnesus. Xerxes then returned home with some of his army, leaving his general Mardonius to finish off the Greeks the next year.

In the summer of 479 BC, the Greeks got together a huge army by the standards of the day, and marched out of the Peloponnesus. The Persians retreated to Boeotia, and built a fortified camp near Plataea. The Greeks refused to be drawn into the open cavalry ground near the Persian camp, and this led to a stalemate which lasted eleven days. When their supply lines were disrupted, the Greeks retreated a distance, and their battle-line fragmented. Mardonius thought the Greeks were in full retreat, and ordered his men to pursue them. The Greeks (particularly the Spartans, Tegeans and Athenians) turned and gave battle, routing the lightly armed Persian infantry and killing Mardonius.

Much of the Persian army were caught in their camp, and slaughtered. The destruction of this army, and the remnants of the Persian navy, allegedly on the same day at the Battle of Mycale, ended the invasion. After Plataea and Mycale, the Greek allies would take the offensive against the Persians, marking a new phase of the Greco-Persian Wars. Although Plataea was in every sense a decisive victory, it does not seem (even at the time) to have been as famous as the Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon or even the Allied defeat at Thermopylae.

Legacy

Monuments to the battle 
A bronze column in the shape of intertwined snakes (the Serpent column) was created from melted-down Persian weapons, and was erected at Delphi. It commemorated all the Greek city-states that had participated in the battle, listing them on the column, and thus confirming some of Herodotus's claims. Most of it still survives in the Hippodrome of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul), where it was carried by Constantine the Great during the founding of his city on the Greek colony of Byzantium.

References 

Plataea
Ancient Greece
Achaemenid Empire
History of Persia
Bellver Castle (bellver in Castilian means "good view") is a castle that was built by order of King Jaime II for use as a residence of the kings of Mallorca.
The castle is built at  above sea level.
Today it belongs to the City Council of Palma de Mallorca and it is the Museum of the History of the city of Palma. It is open to the public.
  
Its uses include:
Refuge to the Turkish landings.                                                          
Military Prison                                                                                        
Military fortress during the Rebellion of Germanias
Shelter from the epidemic of plague.

Bellver Castle was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.

References

Other websites 

Imágenes del Castillo de Bellver 
Castillo de Bellver en la página del Ayuntamiento de Palma de Mallorca 
Artículo en MallorcaWeb (en mallorquín)
Vista aérea del castillo en la página web del Ayuntamiento de Palma
Vista del Castillo de Bellver en Google Maps
Castillo de Bellver en castillosnet.org 

Mallorca
Castles in Spain
GRB 970228 was a gamma-ray burst (GRB). It was the first GRB which had an afterglow. It was seen on 28 February 1997. Since 1993, scientists had predicted GRBs to be followed by afterglows. But, until this event, GRBs had only been seen in very bright bursts of high-energy gamma rays.

The burst had several peaks in its light curve. It lasted around 80 seconds. The light curve was not normal. This suggested that a supernova may have happened as well. GRB 970228 happened in the same place as a galaxy about 8.1 billion light-years away. This means that GRBs happen outside the Milky Way.

Cause 
Reichart showed that the light curve of GRB 970228 could only have been caused by a supernova. Definitive evidence linking gamma-ray bursts and supernovae was eventually found in the spectrum of GRB 020813, and the afterglow of GRB 030329. However, supernova-like features only become apparent in the weeks following a burst, leaving the possibility that very early luminosity variations could be explained by dust echoes.

References

Other websites
Gamma-ray Burst 970228
BeppoSAX follow-up observations of the region of the Gamma-ray burst GRB 970228 

Stars
Ferran Adrià Acosta (b. May 14, 1962) is a Spanish chef. He was born in l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia. Adria started out washing dishes at a restaurant in the town of Castelldefels. There the chef taught him the basics. He then worked at different restaurants before becoming assistant chef at the Barcelona restaurant, Finisterre. Now Adriá is the chef at El Bulli, a restaurant on the coast of Catalonia. In 1997, El Bulli got its third Michelin star. It was one of only three restaurants in Spain with this ranking. 

Adria is considered one of the best chefs in the world.

References

Other websites
 Great Chefs Biography 
 About.com Biography 
 Interview with The Guardian

1962 births
Living people
Chefs
Spanish people
Murray Waxman (born July 10, 1925 in Toronto, Ontario) is a retired Canadian basketball player who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Canadian basketball team, which finished eighth in the Olympic tournament.

Other websites
Murray Waxman at basketball-reference.com

1925 births
1948 Summer Olympics
Canadian basketball players
Canadian Olympians
Living people
Sportspeople from Toronto
, also known as IJN,  was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1869 until 1947.

The IJN was created in 1868 by the Meiji Restoration. It won against larger navies in the First Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War. It lost in World War II and was dissolved.

Legacy
Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan prohibits the use of aggressive force as a means for settling international disputes.

In order to defend Japan, if necessary, the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) was formed.

The ocean-reach of JSDF is the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF).

Related pages
 Imperial Japanese Army

References

Other websites

 AxisHistory.com,  Japanese Navy
 CombinedFleet.com, Imperial Japanese Navy Page
 KamikazeImages, Etajima Museum of Naval History 
 NavalHistory.net, Imperial Japanese Navy Awards of the Golden Kite in World War II
 NavalHistory.net, Imperial Japanese Navy in World War I 

Military of Japan
1869 establishments in Japan
1947 disestablishments
1940s disestablishments in Japan
Tonight's the Night could refer to one of several things:

Movies
 Tonight's the Night (1934 movie), a 1934 British movie starring Leslie Fuller
 An alternative title for the 1954 movie Happy Ever After

Musicals
To-Night's the Night (musical) (1914)
Tonight's the Night (2003 musical), written by Ben Elton, featuring the music of Rod Stewart

Albums

Tonight's the Night (The Shirelles album) (1961), featuring the hit "Will You Love Me Tomorrow".
Tonight's the Night (Neil Young album) (1975)

Songs
"Tonight Is the Night" (song), a dance song recorded by Outasight in 2011.
"Tonight's the Night" (song), a R&B song recorded by The Shirelles in 1961.
"Tonight's the Night" (Little Birdy song), a Little Birdy song
"Tonight's the Night (Gonna Be Alright)", a song by Rod Stewart.
"Tonight's the Night", cover by Janet Jackson on her album The Velvet Rope.
"Tonight's the Night", a rock and roll song from Rock 'n' Roll Stage Show (1956) by Bill Haley & His Comets
"Tonight's the Night", from Tonight's the Night (Neil Young album).
"Tonight Is the Night", an R&B song recorded by Betty Wright in 1974.
"Tonight's the Night", a 2006 dance song by Gina G.
"Tonight's the Night", a song by Pink from her album Try This.
"Tonight Is the Night (That You Make Me a Woman)", a 1975 R&B song by Betty Wright.
 "Tonight's the Night! (You Are Miss USA)", an opening number at Miss USA 1995 pageant
 "Tonite's tha Night", a song by Kriss Kross from their third album.

Television
Tonight's the Night (movie), a 1954 movie starring David Niven
 Tonight's the Night (TV series), a 2009 BBC series
 "Tonight's the Night", an episode of the sitcom Grounded for Life.
 "Tonight's the Night" (Popular episode) (1999) from the television show
 First line of Showtime's 2006 TV series Dexter
Strictly Come Dancing is a British television programme. It features celebrities dancing with professional dancers. In each series, the couples compete to decide a winner.

It is shown on BBC One and is presented by Bruce Forsyth, Tess Daly & Claudia Winkleman. It is narrated by Alan Dedicoat. The judges since it began are Len Goodman, Craig Revel Horwood and Bruno Tonioli. Arlene Phillips was a judge from 2004-2008; Alesha Dixon was a judge from 2009-2011. Darcey Bussell is the current judge in Alesha Dixon's place. Motsi Mabuse is the current judge in Darcey Bussell's place. Anton Du Beke is the current judge in Bruno Tonioli's place. Bruno Tonioli was a judge from 2004-2021.

There were two series in its first year, 2004. From 2005 onwards, there has been one series per year. Many countries have their own version of the show (see Dancing with the Stars).

Other websites 

2004 British television series debuts
2000s British television series
2010s British television series
Dancing with the Stars
English-language television programs
The Vancouver Giants are a Canadian ice hockey team. They began playing in 2001. The team currently plays in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Pacific Coliseum. 

The owners of the Giants are businessmen Ron Toigo and Sultan Thiara, Hockey Hall of Fame members Gordie Howe, Pat Quinn, and singer and actor Michael Bublé. The have won 1 Memorial Cup in 2007 and a Ed Chynoweth Cup in 2006.

References

Other websites

2001 establishments in Canada
Canadian Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in British Columbia
Western Hockey League
Sport in Vancouver
Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun (Marie Élisabeth Louise; 16 April 1755 – 30 March 1842) was a painter. Her style is considered Rococo with an interest in Neoclassicism. Sometimes, her name is spelled Vigée-Lebrun.

She painted more than 30 portraits of Marie Antoinette over a six year period. She was accepted as a member of the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in 1783. She left France after the arrest of the royal family during the French Revolution. She lived and worked in Italy, Austria, and Russia. Her work met great critical acclaim in Rome. She was elected to the Roman Accademia di San Luca. In Russia, she painted many aristocrats including Catherine the Great's family.  She was made a member of the Academy of Fine Arts of Saint Petersburg.  

Vigée Le Brun returned to France during the reign of Emperor Napoleon I. Her relationship with the new regime was not completely harmonious. After all, she was a royalist and the former portraitist of Marie Antoinette. She visited England and painted British notables including Lord Byron. In 1807 she traveled to Switzerland where she was made an honorary member of the Société pour l'Avancement des Beaux-Arts of Geneva. She published her memoirs in 1835 and 1837. She lived in Paris, and died there on 30 March 1842. Vigée Le Brun's legacy includes 660 portraits and 200 landscapes.

Gallery

Related pages 
 List of French painters

Other websites 

 Large gallery of Vigée LeBrun's work; also articles, Memoirs, biographies 
 Artcyclopedia entry on Louise Elisabeth Vigée Le brun
 Vigée-Lebrun's Portrait of Carlo Gastone della Torre di Rezzonico at artnet
Old Masters: Overlooked Women Artists
Memoirs of Madame Vigée Le brun, translated by Lionel Strachey
Neil Jeffares, Dictionary of pastellists before 1800, online edition

1755 births
1842 deaths
French painters
Chinese folk religion (Chinese: 中国 民间 信仰 (simplified spelling) or 中國 民間 信仰 (traditional spelling), zhōng-guó mín-jiān xìn-yǎng) is a religion that has been practiced in China, and in areas inhabited by Chinese people. It is difficult to make a clear distinction between Chinese folk religion and other beliefs, because  Chinese folk religion has elements of veneration of the dead, local spirits, clan spirits and traditional Eastern religions, such as Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, but also superstition, geomancy and Feng shui. There is no standardized mythology or  clergy: rites are often performed by the father of a family. Since the 1950s, Chinese folk-religion is also sometimes referred to as Shenism or Shénism (Chinese: Shén-jiào, 神教). In this context, shen refers to a spirit or a deity. The term Shenism was first used by A. J. A Elliot in 1955. The term Chinese folk religion is not used inside China.

Sometimes, it is classified with Taoism: Over the centuries, Taoism became institutionalised. During that time, it tried to use local customs, and to become similar to local religions and beliefs.  It would however be more accurate to say that Taoism developed from Shenism, since Shenism was there before. Taoism also developed from Chinese philosophy. With around 454 million adherents, or about 6.6% of the world population, Chinese folk religion is one of the major religious traditions in the world. In China more than 30% of the population adheres to Shenism or Taoism.

During the last 200 years, religion has been heavily suppressed in China, with rebellions such as the Taiping Movement or Cultural Revolution. Today, Chinese folk religion  is experiencing a major revival in both Mainland China and Taiwan.

The government of Mainland China has officially supported different forms of Shenism, such as Mazuism in Southern China (officially about 160 million Chinese are Mazuists), Huangdi worship, Black Dragon worship in Shaanxi, and Caishen worship.

References

Religion in China
Natalie Christine Horler (born 23 September 1981 in Bonn, West Germany) is a German singer-songwriter of English origin. Her parents David and Christine Horler, are English. She is the lead singer of the Eurodance dance-pop group Cascada.

references

1981 births
Living people
German musicians
German pop singers
Musicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
People from Bonn
The Madonna del cardellino (Madonna of the Goldfinch) is an oil painting by Raphael. It was painted about 15051506. It is known as Madonna of the Goldfinch in English. The painting is in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy.  The painting has been restored. 

The three people form a triangle. The Virgin holds a book. St. John holds a goldfinch. Christ reaches for the bird. Raphael gave the painting to Lorenzo Nasi as a wedding gift. Nasi's house was destroyed by an earthquake in November 1548. The painting broke into several pieces. It was restored, but the damage could still be seen.

References 

Paintings with Christian themes
16th-century paintings
Depictions of Mary (mother of Jesus)
The Bronzi di Riace (), sometimes Riace Warriors, (460–430 BCE) are two large monumental Greek bronze sculptures. The statues are of nude bearded warriors. It is possible the statues depict two individuals. It is more likely that they represent types. Rich Romans were collectors of Greek sculpture. It is probable the two warriors were being transported from their original site in Greece to one in Rome. Since the two warriors share so many similarities, they probably formed part of one Greek monument. 

The bronzes were found in the Ionian Sea on 16 August 1972 by Stefano Mariottini. He was on a scuba diving vacation near Reggio Calabria, Italy. The sculptures were found not far from shore at Riace Marina, a village near Porto Foricchio. The area was on an important shipping lane between the ports of Rome and the coastal cities of Greece. The bronzes may have been in an ancient shipwreck. They were either ripped from their moorings or thrown overboard to lighten the load.

The eyes are made of  bone and glass. The teeth are made of silver. The lips and nipples are made of copper. The warriors once held spears and shields. One warrior once wore a helmet pushed up atop his head.   The bronzes are in the Museo Nazionale della Magna Grecia in Reggio Calabria.

Notes

References

Other websites 

Statues
Ancient Greek and Roman statues
Ancient Greek bronze sculptures
The Blue Boy is an oil painting by Thomas Gainsborough. It was painted about 1770. The boy in the picture might be Jonathan Buttall, the son of a hardware merchant. The boy wears a 17th-century suit. The painting is large. It measures 48 inches (1,200 mm) wide by 70 inches (1,800 mm) tall. 

The painting belonged to Jonathan Buttall until 1796. It was then sold many times. In 1921 it was sold to an art dealer. An American bought the painting from the dealer. The portrait is now in the Huntington Library, San Marino, California. Pinkie is a famous painting which hangs near it.

References 
 Conisbee, Philip. The Ones That Got Away, essay from Saved! 100 Years of the National Art Collection Fund (2003, ed. Richard Verdi). London: Scala
 Conlin, Jonathan (2006). The Nation's Mantelpiece: A history of the National Gallery. London: Pallas Athene
 Tyler, David. Jonathan Buttall in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004). Oxford: Oxford University Press

Other websites

1770s paintings
Paintings by Thomas Gainsborough
British paintings
San Marino, California
1770
As You Like It is a play by William Shakespeare. It is a comedy. 

The play was written in 1599 or early 1600. Shakespeare rarely invented his own plays. He based his plays on stories by other writers. The story he used for As You Like It was Rosalynde, Euphues Golden Legacy (1590) by Thomas Lodge. 

As You Like It may have been first performed in 1603. This is not certain though.  The play was first published in 1623 in the First Folio, a collection of all of Shakespeare's plays. 

As You Like It tells the story of a young woman named Rosalind. She has been banished from her uncle's court. Her uncle does not like her because she is gentle, beautiful, witty, and smart. Rosalind decides to live in the Forest of Arden with her cousin Celia and the court jester Touchstone. She dresses like a boy for self-protection. Several scenes involve Rosalind and the people who live in the forest. She is finally united with her sweetheart Orlando.    

Some people think the play is not as good as Shakespeare's other plays. Other people think it is a very good play. One of the great speeches in the play begins "All the world's a stage". 

The play is a favourite with theatre-goers. Rosalind, Touchstone, and a sour old man named Jacques are three of Shakespeare's greatest characters. The play has been adapted to a radio play, to a television show, and to musical theatre. A movie version of the play made in 1936 stars Laurence Olivier.

References
 As You Like It

Other websites 

 Text of As You Like It, fully edited by David Bevington, as well as original-spelling texts, facsimiles of the 1623 Folio text, and other resources, at the Internet Shakespeare Editions

Plays by William Shakespeare
This article is about the American Billboard Hot 100 chart held during the 2010s.

The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States. Published by Billboard magazine, the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single's weekly physical and digital sales, and airplay.

A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public every Thursday in Billboard magazine and on its website. Each chart is dated with the "week-ending" date of the Saturday two weeks after.

Number-one singles

Key
 – Number-one single as of February 18, 2012
 – Number-one single of the year

Statistics

Artists by total number-one singles
The following artists achieved two or more number-one singles during the 2010s (as of March 3, 2012). A number of artists had number-one singles on their own as well as part of a collaboration.

Note: Rapper will.i.am has had two number-one singles during the 2010s as part of The Black Eyed Peas and as a featured solo artist on Usher's "OMG", but both instances are counted separately.

Artists by total cumulative weeks at number one
The following artists were featured at the top of the Hot 100 for the highest cumulative number of weeks during the 2010s (as of March 3, 2012). Some totals include in part or in whole weeks spent at number one as part of a collaboration. An asterisk (*) denotes that an artist is currently at number one.

Songs by total number of weeks at number one
The following songs were featured at the top of the Hot 100 for the highest number of weeks during the 2010s (as of March 3, 2012). An asterisk (*) denotes that the single is currently at number one.

References

Lists of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
2010s songs