cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Timothy John Green  (born December 16, 1963) is a retired professional American football player, lawyer, a radio and television personality, and a best-selling author. He was a  linebacker and defensive end with the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League 1986 to 1993. 

He was a commentator for National Public Radio and the former host of the 2005 revival of A Current Affair on Fox. Green also wrote children's books. Green's book Football Genius made The New York Times best-seller list of children's chapter books.

Green was born in Liverpool, New York. He studied at Syracuse University. In November 2018, Green was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

References

Other websites
 Stats on NFL.com

1963 births
Living people
Atlanta Falcons players
American football defensive ends
American football linebackers
Lawyers from New York
American sports commentators
American children's writers
American radio personalities
Sportspeople from New York
Writers from New York
Television personalities from New York
Soyuz 11 was a manned space mission. It was the only mission to live on Salyut 1, the first space station. It was a backup mission of Soyuz 10, which was failed to dock. The mission killed three men in space when it lost air pressure during re-entry of the atmosphere. They were Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev.

Crew

Backup crew

Original crew

Crew notes 
An X-ray testing of the original crew found that Kubasov might have tuberculosis. According to the mission rules, the backup crew replaced the original crew. Dobrovolski and Patsayev never flew to space before. Kubasov and Leonov became the crew to Soyuz 19 for the Apollo-Soyuz in 1975.

Death of crew 
On 30 June 1971, after returing to the Earth of the capsule, the recovery team knocked on the side. There was no response. Opening the hatch, they found all three men in their couches, no motion. There had dark-blue patches on their faces and trails of blood from their noses and ears. They brought them out from the capsule. Dobrovolsky was still warm. According to their reports, the reason of death was suffocation.

The cosmonauts were buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis at Red Square, Moscow near the remains of Yuri Gagarin. US astronaut Tom Stafford was one of the pallbearers. They were also each awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union medal.

References 

Soviet spacecraft
1971 in Europe
Soviet Union
Duke of Cambridge is one of eight current dukedoms in the United Kingdom. Since 2011, it has been held by Prince William, eldest son of Charles, Prince of Wales and Diana, Princess of Wales. Prince George is the heir to this dukedom.

References 

Cambridge
János Koós (born Kupsa; 20 November 1937 – 2 March 2019) was a Hungarian pop singer. He became successful in the 1960s after participation in the talent show Táncdalfesztivál. Koós was born in Bucharest, Romania. He played for the Wind Band of the National Tax and Customs Administration between 1957 and 1960. He started his solo singer career in 1960, performing the schlagers of Vico Torriani. He adopted the Koós stage name by that time.

Koós died on 2 March 2019 in Budapest, aged 81.

References

1937 births
2019 deaths
Pop singers
People from Budapest
Jean Starobinski (17 November 1920 – 4 March 2019) was a Swiss literary critic. He was born in Geneva, Switzerland. His works on medicine and psychiatry brought him to study the history of melancholia (notably in the Trois Fureurs, 1974).  He was the first scholar to publish work (in 1964) on Ferdinand de Saussure's study of anagrams. Starobinski was a member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques.

Starobinski died on 4 March 2019 in Morges, Switzerland, aged 98.

References

Other websites
 Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques  (in French)
 Société Jean-Jacques Rousseau (in French)
 Video Starobinski, Jean  (in French)

1920 births
2019 deaths
Swiss writers
Critics
People from Geneva
Chu Shijian (; 17 January 1928 – 5 March 2019) was a Chinese business executive and entrepreneur. He was known as the "king of tobacco" and the "king of oranges". He turned the near-bankrupt Yuxi Cigarette Factory into one of China's most richest state-owned companies and developed the Hongtashan cigarette into one of the country's most valuable brands.

He was convicted of embezzlement in 1997 and sentenced to life imprisonment. After being released on medical parole in 2002, he started his second company at age 75, an orange plantation with the brand name "Chu Orange". It was again highly successful and he became known as the "orange king". He was born in Yuxi, Yunnan, Republic of China.

On 5 March 2019, Chu died from complications from diabetes at a Yuxih ospital, aged 91.

References

1928 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Chinese businesspeople
Jacques Loussier (26 October 1934 – 5 March 2019) was a French pianist and composer. He was well known for his jazz works in trio formation of many of Johann Sebastian Bach's works, such as in  the Goldberg Variations. He was born in Angers, France.

Loussier worked in movies and television such as Heaven on One's Head (1965), Living It Up (1966), The Killing Game (1967), Dark of the Sun (1968), Monique (1970) and The Man Who Went Up in Smoke (1980). He was known for creating the theme tune for the popular 1960s French TV series Thierry La Fronde.

In March 2002, Loussier filed a $10 million lawsuit against rapper Eminem and The Marshall Mathers LP executive producer Dr. Dre, claiming that the beat for the track "Kill You" was stolen from his composition "Pulsion". The case was settled out of court.

Loussier died on 5 March 2019 at the age of 84.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 Biography Bach Cantatas website
 
 Review of his "Bach and more" disk on Sky Arts website
 Review of his Vivaldi disk on Sky Arts website

1934 births
2019 deaths
French pianists
French composers
Carmen Yulín Cruz Soto (born February 25, 1963) is a Puerto Rican politician. She is the mayor of San Juan, Puerto Rico since 2013. From 2009 through 2013, Cruz served in the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico.

Cruz is expected to run for Resident Commissioner in the 2020 elections. After Héctor Ferrer died in November 2018, Cruz became the leading candidate to run for Governor of Puerto Rico.

Cruz became known for her dealings in San Juan during Hurricane Maria and how she and President Donald Trump engaged in a Twitter feud.  As a result, she was nominated as a candidate for Times Person of the Year.

On February 21, 2019, Cruz endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders' second presidential bid and joined as one of its four national co-chairs.

References

Other websites
Carmen Yulín Cruz on CamaraDeRepresentantes.org

1963 births
Living people
Mayors
People from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Richard Bertrand Spencer (born May 11, 1978) is an American white supremacist.
He is president of the National Policy Institute (NPI), a white supremacist think tank, as well as Washington Summit Publishers.

Spencer does not believe that he is a white supremacist and calls himself a white nationalist. He has been called a neo-Nazi. Spencer created the term "alt-right", which he thinks is a movement about "white identity".

Spencer was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was raised in Dallas, Texas and in Whitefish, Montana. Spencer studied at the University of Virginia and at the University of Chicago.

Like many white supremacists, he supported Donald Trump when he ran for president in 2016. However, by 2020 he felt it was a bad choice. He decided to support Joe Biden in the 2020 elections, but Biden's team said he didn't want his support.

References

Other websites

1978 births
Living people
American political activists
American political writers
American atheists
Writers from Boston, Massachusetts
Writers from Montana
Writers from Virginia
Writers from Dallas, Texas
People from Whitefish, Montana
Mswati III (born as Prince Makhosetive on 19 April 1968) is the King of Eswatini and head of the Swazi Royal Family. He was born in Manzini, Eswatini, to King Sobhuza II. Mswati was supported by apartheid South Africa early on during his rule. In the 21st century, he has been criticized by many activists for how he runs Eswatini. He is a polygamist who forced Swazi women to marry him and has put people in prison for being critical of his government in newspapers.

References

Other websites
Official Website of Eswatini Monarchy 
Swazi King's Birthday features
Swazi Royal Family Tree
BBC News: Troubled King Mswati
Swaziland king picks wife – BBC Video
King Mswati III's address to the 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, 25 September 2008
An Extravagant Ruler of a Modest Kingdom – New York Times Movie review
 In Destitute Kingdom, Ruler Lives Like a King
 

1968 births
Living people
Swazi people
Current national leaders
Kings and queens
Leaving Neverland is a 2019 documentary movie directed and produced by British filmmaker Dan Reed. It focuses on two men, Wade Robson and James Safechuck, who allege they were sexually abused by the singer Michael Jackson as children. It also shows the effects on the alleged victims' families.

The movie is a co-production between the UK broadcaster Channel 4 and the US broadcaster Home Box Office (HBO). It premiered at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival on January 25, 2019, and was broadcast in two parts in March.

In January 2019, the Jackson estate issued a press release condemning the film, saying: "The two accusers testified under oath that these events never occurred. They have provided no independent evidence and absolutely no proof in support of their accusations."

Reed is open to producing a sequel.

On Rotten Tomatoes, Leaving Neverland holds an approval rating of 97% based on 65 reviews, with an average score of 7.76/10.

References

2019 movies
British movies
American documentary movies
English-language movies
Michael Jackson
Reute is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Stein is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Wald is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Waldstatt is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Appenzell Ausserrhoden
The Goethe-Institut (GI, English: Goethe Institute) is a non-profit German cultural association. It has 159 branches worldwide. Its goal is to promote the study of the German language abroad, and encourage international cultural exchange and relations. The GI was founded in 1951. It is named after German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

The institute has developed a series of exams for learners of German as a foreign language (Deutsch als Fremdsprache, DaF). The series includes all levels: A1 up to C2. In addition there is the Green diploma to acquire and prove German as a foreign language teaching qualifications.

References

Other websites 
 Homepage

1950s establishments in Germany
1951 establishments in Europe
Cultural organizations
Munich
Red is a 2010 American action comedy movie based on the limited comic-book series of the same name created by Warren Ellis and Cully Hamner.

The movie stars Bruce Willis, Morgan Freeman, John Malkovich, Mary-Louise Parker, Helen Mirren, and Karl Urban, with German

The movie was released on October 15, 2010. It grossed $199 million worldwide. In 2011, the movie received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Musical or Comedy Film.

A sequel, Red 2, was released on July 19, 2013. Another sequel, Red 3, was in development as of 2013.

References

2010 comedy movies
2010s action comedy movies
American action comedy movies
Movies directed by Robert Schwentke
Karl-Heinz Urban (born 7 June 1972) is a New Zealand actor. He is known for his roles as Leonard McCoy in the Star Trek reboot movie series (2009–), Éomer in the second and third installments of Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy and Judge Dredd in Dredd.

References

Other websites
 

1972 births
Living people
New Zealand actors
People from Wellington
Red 2 is  2013 American action comedy movie and sequel to the 2010 movie Red.

It was based on the limited comic book series of the same name, created by Warren Ellis and Cully Hamner, and published by the DC Comics.

The movie stars Bruce Willis, John Malkovich, Mary-Louise Parker, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Lee Byung-hun, Anthony Hopkins, and Helen Mirren, with Dean Parisot directing a screenplay by Jon and Erich Hoeber. Red 2 was released on July 19, 2013.

References

Other websites
 
 

2013 action movies
2013 comedy movies
2010s action comedy movies
American action comedy movies
French action movies
French comedy movies

Canadian comedy movies
Sequel movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Dean Parisot
Azucena Berrutti (born 7 January 1929) is an Uruguayan politician and lawyer. She was the National Defence Minister, appointed by the Uruguayan President Tabaré Vázquez, from March 2005 until March 2008. Berrutti was born in Montevideo, Uruguay. She is a member of the Broad Front.

References

Other websites
 

1929 births
Living people
Uruguayan lawyers
Uruguayan politicians
People from Montevideo
NationStates is a website and browser based game and online community. It is about creating and managing a nation. It was created on 13 November 2002 by Max Barry. He created the game to advertise his book, Jennifer Government.  The game does not cost money to play, however people can donate money to remove adverts. They can also buy bonuses related to "telegrams", which are the way that players talk to each other directly.

Gameplay 
Registration is free and users are asked to provide the name of their nation, a national motto, a national animal, and a currency. After playing for a few months, players can also modify their government type and religion, leader, etc. Players can upload or choose a flag for their nation. 

There is a forum in the game, where players can chat about whatever they like, whether it be politics, recent events, etc. There are three major categories: General, which is for "discussion and debate about anything", Forum 7, where you can "relax, unwind, share a joke, and generally goof off," and NationStates, where users can "come together and discuss matters of varying importance". 

Players are able to create and manage regions, which are communities for players. Each region has a Regional Message Board, which acts as a type of forum. Each region is managed by its founder (the player who created the region), but players within the region can also choose a World Assembly Delegate. The World Assembly (WA) is an organisation and part of the game acting as a stand in for the United Nations. It makes laws that apply to nations that have joined the WA but nations are not required to be a member. It used to be called "The United Nations", however Max Barry was sent an email by the United Nations telling him to not use their trademark in his game.

Players are also able to create factbook and dispatches about their country, which they can use to tell other people about their country.

References 

Websites
Websites established in 2002
Simulator video games
A repository is a way of storing information related to a file system. For version control software (VCS), it is used to store information about files, their size, date of creation, and any changes made to them (often called "commits"). Common examples of software that use repositories are Git and Mercurial, but others do exist.

A repository can be stored on a person's computer locally (not on the internet), but it can also be stored remotely (on a network or the internet). One of the most popular websites for hosting repositories is GitHub, however others such as GitLab exist. If a person wants to use a public repository on these kinds of websites, they can "clone" the repository onto their computer. This creates a copy of the repository, and all of the files (usually computer code) related to it. A person can then make changes to the repository, and they can "commit" those changes to their local repository (which means that their changes are recorded in the repository's history). If they wish to update the remote repository (the one stored online) they can "push" their changes to it. This updates the repository on the website or network location.

Related pages
 CTAN - Repository for LaTeX

Other websites
 GitHub

Computing
Computer science
"Another One Bites the Dust" is a song by the British rock band Queen.

It is written by John Deacon. 

The song won an American Music Award for Favorite Rock Single.

References

1980 songs
Queen songs
Junction City is a city in Union County, Arkansas, United States, and is the twin city of neighboring Junction City, Louisiana. The population was 581 at the 2010 census.

Junction City is found at  (33.019174, -92.722915). It is the southernmost settlement in the state of Arkansas.

References 

Cities in Arkansas
Chesterfield County is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, it had 46,734 people lived there. Its county seat is Chesterfield. and largest town in the county is Cheraw. It is on the northern border with North Carolina.

References 

1785 establishments in South Carolina
South Carolina counties
Düdingen (, ) is a municipality of the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Tentlingen () is a municipality in the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Fribourg
The Reverend is an honorific style for the names of Christian clergy and ministers. There are sometimes differences in the way the style is used in different countries and church traditions. 

The Reverend is correctly called a style but is often and in some dictionaries called a title, form of address or title of respect. The style is also sometimes used by leaders in non-Christian religions such as Judaism and Buddhism.

References

Religion
Gempenach (former French name: Champagny) is a municipality of the district See in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Fribourg
To the Shores of Iwo Jima is a documentary about the battles of Iwo Jima during World War II. It is a short color war movie. It was produced by the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps. 

The movie documents the Battle of Iwo Jima. It was the first time that American audiences saw in color the footage of the famous flag raising on Iwo Jima.

Other websites
To the Shores of Iwo Jima: the complete movie on Wikimedia Commons
 
 

Movies set in islands
Discord is a free instant messaging software that lets people talk to each other over the internet. It was originally meant for people who play video games, but is now used by others. In addition to text messaging, you may also make audio and video calls through Discord. Discord is free to use, and it runs on Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, Linux, and in most web browsers. It is used by 350 million people, 150 million people use it every month.

Discord Nitro 

Users can pay money to Discord every month to receive extra features, which is called "Discord Nitro". There are two types of Discord Nitro: "Nitro" and "Nitro Classic". Nitro Classic costs $4.99 a month and includes less features, while Nitro costs $9.99 a month and includes more features and access to Discord Nitro's game store. 

Due to a lack of popularity, however, Discord Nitro's game store was removed on October 15th, 2019.

Organization 
There are several things on Discord that you should know. The most used things on Discord are "Servers" and "Channels".

Text channels 
A Discord text channel is simply a group chat. People may send text messages, images, and files in real-time. It may also be compared to an IRC channel.

Text channels can be optionally marked as "NSFW", which stands for "Not safe for work". "NSFW" channels require users to verify that they are 18 years or older to view them.

Discord blocks access to NSFW channels for people who are under 18.

Voice channels 
Discord voice channels allow users to transmit audio, video and share own screen by using "Go Live" option.

The administrator can customize the voice channel name, set the user limit (1-99 users), and bitrate.

Servers 
A server is a collection of channels. A server can be managed by one or more people, who also manage the channels within the server. Discord servers may range in size from just one person to hundreds of thousands.

User accounts 
All Discord usernames have a unique four-digit number. Usernames usually look like this: "Username#3283". This allows multiple users to have the same username and makes it easier to find friends.

Discord allows users to connect their Discord account with other platforms, such as Twitch.tv. Discord can determine the game a user is playing by looking at the running processes.

References 

Software
Websites established in the 2010s
Triton commonly refers to:
 Triton (mythology), a Greek god
 Triton (moon), a satellite of Neptune

Triton may also refer to:

Places

Natural
 Triton Bay, an Arctic waterway in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada
 Triton Bay, Kaimana, West Papua, Indonesia
 Triton Island, a Paracel Island in the South China Sea
 Triton Point, a point on the east coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica
 Triton River, a river flowing into Lake Copais, Greece

Science and technology

Biology
 Triton (gastropod), a group of sea snails

Physical sciences
 Triton (physics), the nucleus of tritium, an isotope of hydrogen
 Triton X-100, a nonionic surfactant
 TRITON, a SODAR system for measuring sound wave scattering

Technology
 Triton (content delivery), a digital delivery and digital rights management service until 2006
 Triton disk drive, a product that allows 2.8-inch floppy disks to be read on various home computers
 E Ink Triton, an electronic paper technology
 Korg Triton, a music workstation synthesizer
 Triton chipset, an Intel Pentium chipset
 AIM Triton, a version of the AOL Instant Messenger software
 Triton, a World War II encryption network using the Enigma machine
 Triton, a line of GPS receivers manufactured by Magellan Navigation
 Triton, a malware program used to attack a Triconex power plant
Fine Gael ( ; English: Family or Tribe of the Irish) is a centre-right liberal conservative political party in the Republic of Ireland.

Fine Gael is currently part of the Government of Ireland and is and the second largest party in the Dáil Éireann. The party has a membership of 35,000. It is the senior partner governing with several independent politicians. It's party leader is Leo Varadkar, who served as Taoiseach from 2017 until 2020. Varadkar succeeded Enda Kenny as party leader on 2 June 2017 and as Taoiseach on 14 June; Kenny had been leader since 2002, and Taoiseach since 2011.

Notes

References 

Conservative parties
Republic of Ireland
The marches from Selma to Montgomery, led President Lyndon B. Johnson to sign the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The first March occurred on March 7, 1965 and became known as Bloody Sunday. Between 500-600 civil rights protesters began the march on March 7 but were stopped by Sheriff Jim Clark. The Sheriff of Dallas County (where Selma is located) ordered that all white men over the age of 21 to report to the court house steps where he made them deputies and equipped them to counter the protesters. They were joined by state troopers and beat protesters so severely that 17 were hospitalized. They beat the protesters with night clubs, fired tear gas into the crowd, and charged them from horseback. 

After the events were televised, President Johnson issued an order mobilizing the Alabama National Guard to protect the marchers on their 54 mile (87 km) journey from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama. This second march would start on March 21, 1965 and end on March 25, 1965 at the steps of the state capitol in Montgomery, Alabama. Before the second march even began President Johnson went to congress to ask them for a bill that would guarantee voting rights for all citizens and end discrimination at polling places (such as poll taxes and literacy tests).

History of Alabama
1965 in the United States
March events
Selma, Alabama
Montgomery, Alabama
Protests in the 1960s
Martin Luther King Jr.
1960s conflicts
Knoxville is a city in the US state of Arkansas. There were 731 people living in the area according to the 2010 census.

References 

Cities in Arkansas
A great crested newt, northern crested newt, or warty newt (Triturus cristatus) is a newt in the family Salamandridae, found mainly across Europe up to about the Ural Mountains.

It is a relatively large species. Females can measure up to 16 cm and are larger than males, which are 14 to 15 cm long. It is a protected species in the UK and Europe. Land development, population growth and agriculture has disturbed the newt, and it is becoming quite rare.

The newt breeds in ponds and pools, but usually lives on land. The larvae turn into air-breathing young efts and move onto land. They eat small invertebrates, and hibernate through the winter.

References 

Salamanders
Joseph H. Boardman (December 23, 1948 – March 7, 2019) was an American railroad executive. He was the President and CEO of Amtrak from 2008 to 2016. He was born in Taberg, New York.

Boardman suffered a stroke while on vacation in Florida on March 5, and died on March 7, 2019. He was aged 70.

References 

1948 births
2019 deaths
American chief executives
United States Department of Transportation
Amtrak
Republicans (United States)
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Cornell University alumni
Businesspeople from New York
Deaths from stroke
Vienna  is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 5,440 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Vienna, capital of Austria.

It is in the western part of the county.

References 

Cities in New York
Gimel is a municipality in the Swiss canton Vaud. It is found in the district of Morges.

References

Other websites 

 http://www.gimel.ch 

Municipalities of Vaud
The Dupont Plaza Hotel arson was an act of arson on New Year's Eve 1986. The fire was set by three former employees of the hotel. They were involved in a labor dispute with the owners. 

Ninety-eight people were killed in the fire and by breathing in smoke.

Hotel history
The Dupont Plaza opened in 1963 as the Puerto Rico-Sheraton. It was operated by the Sheraton hotel company until 1980. That was just before Sheraton put up major fire-safety measures in its hotels.

Fire

Disaster
The employees' union called a meeting in the hotel's ballroom for the afternoon of December 31, 1986. At the end of the meeting, around 3:00 pm, the 125 members present voted to go on strike starting at midnight.

Three union members-Héctor Escudero Aponte, José Rivera López and Arnaldo Jiménez-planned setting several fires. They wanted to scare tourists who stayed at the hotel. At around 3:30 pm that afternoon, they placed opened cans of chafing fuel in a storage room with newly bought furniture. The three men then set the fuel on fire.

The fire quickly burned out of control. It grew very large as the building burned.

Aftermath
An investigation by the United States' Occupational Safety and Health Administration found 25 safety violations. They included not having emergency exit doors in the casino area. That caused the deaths of 84 trapped guests. 

In April 1987, Escuerdo Apante, 35, Jiménez Rivera, 29, and José Francisco Rivera López, 40, pleaded guilty to setting the New Year's Eve fire. They were also convicted of murder in the disaster. Two of the men were later released from federal prison.

References

1980s fires
20th century in Puerto Rico
1986
Metal Gear Solid is an 1998 action-adventure stealth game created by Hideo Kojima and produced by Konami. It was originally released for PlayStation on September 3, 1998. It was the third cannon entry in its series. There have been over ten games in the series and spin-offs.

1998 video games
PlayStation games
José Ramón Machado Ventura, M.D. (born 26 October 1930) is a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the First Vice President of the Council of State of Cuba from 2008 to 2013. Raúl Castro was elected as the President of Cuba on 24 February 2008. Machado was elected to succeed him as First Vice President. He has been Second Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba since 2011.

References

1930 births
Living people
Vice presidents
Cuban politicians
Marxism
The Popular Socialist Party (, PSP) was a communist party in Cuba. It was originally called the Communist Party of Cuba (). It was formed in 1925 by a group including Blas Roca, Anibal Escalante, Fabio Grobart, Alfonso Bernal del Riesgo and Julio Antonio Mella, who was its leader until his assassination in Mexico in 1929. It was later renamed the "Communist Revolutionary Union". After the electoral victory of the Partido Auténtico in the 1944 elections, the party became less popular, and it eventually adopted the name "Popular Socialist Party" for electoral reasons. In 1961 the party merged into the Integrated Revolutionary Organizations (ORI).

References 

Political parties
Havana
20th-century establishments in Cuba
1925 establishments in North America
1961 disestablishments
Communist parties
Plumerville is a city in Conway County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 826 at the 2010 census.

Cities in Arkansas
Raimundo José Ongaro (13 February 1924 – 1 August 2016) was an Argentine union leader. He was secretary general of the General Confederation of Labour of the Argentines (CGTA) between 1968 and 1974. He was born in Mar del Plata, Argentina.

Ongaro died on 1 August 2016 in Los Polvorines, Argentina at the age of 92.

References

Other websites 
 CGTA 
 FGB 

1924 births
2016 deaths
Argentine people
Trade unionists
Mel Hurtig,  (June 24, 1932 – August 3, 2016) was a Canadian publisher, author, political activist, and political candidate. He was president of the Edmonton Art Gallery, and a noted political activist who wrote many books critical of the Canadian government and its various policies. Hurtig was an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1980. He was born in Edmonton, Alberta.

On 3 August 2016, Hurtig died there at a hospital from complications from pneumonia at the age of 84.

References 

1932 births
2016 deaths
Canadian activists
Canadian writers
Order of Canada
Canadian Jews
Politicians from Edmonton
Deaths from pneumonia
Panchu Arunachalam (18 June 1941 – 9 August 2016) was an Indian screenwriter, movie director, producer and lyricist. He was known for writing the movies Kazhugu (1981) and Paayum Puli (1983). He was also known for directing the movie Manamagale Vaa (1988). He was born in Sirukoodalpatti, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.

Arunachalam died from cardiac arrest in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India at the age of 76.

References

Other websites 
 

1941 births
2016 deaths
Tamil directors
Indian movie directors
Indian movie producers
Indian screenwriters
Lyricists
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Aboud Jumbe Mwinyi (14 June 1920 – 14 August 2016) was a Zanzibari politician. He was the 2nd President of Zanzibar from 7 April 1972 to 30 January 1984. He was born in Juba, Anglo Egyptian Sudan (now South Sudan).

Jumbe died at the age of 96 at his home at Kigamboni, Dar es Salaam, on 14 August 2016.

References 

1920 births
2016 deaths
Tanzanian people
Presidents (government)
Vice presidents
Muslims
Heads of government
Tamakeri (玉蹴り) (literally ball kicking) or ballbusting is one of many more specific sexual fetishes in the BDSM community. Somebody with this fetish enjoys either hitting a man in the testicles, or being hit in the testicles. The genre is also referred to as ballbusting ("bb" for short). Tamakeri is the Japanese term, but it is used by many non-Japanese people to describe media where Asian women hit men in the testicles. In tamakeri, there are two types of people: the sadist and the masochist. The sadist hits the man in the testicles, and the masochist is hit in the testicles. The fetish is popular among straight and gay men and women. Since the Internet was created, the amount of people watching tamakeri pornography has gone up, with at least 1,269,105 people looking at popular websites. In hentai communities, it can be called either "tamakeri", or "crotch_kick".

History

First wave (1990s–2001) 
The first tamakeri/ballbusting websites to show up on the internet were Velvet Kick, Tamahimeden, Spikey Step, Stardeck9, and Femaledom. Most of their videos had bad quality, didn't make money, had no stories, and had regular people with masks performing.

Second wave (2002–2005) 
After the first websites came ones like British Bitches, Vuneraballs, M-Club-Q, Kinkeri.co.jp, USBBonline, Goddess-Kicks, Ballbusting Universe, and Ballbustingworld. These sites had better quality, more money, more content, stories, and known actors that didn't wear masks. Even though the majority of videos had known porn actors, many still decided to wear masks.

Third and current wave (2006–present) 
The current tamakeri websites have videos made by normal people, paid actors, and videos taken at events. Because these new websites are larger, more people can post their own videos. Also, chatrooms and forums allow people to discuss the fetish with others. Some examples of this latest tamakeri wave include ClubDom, Ballbustingtube, Ballbustingchicks, clips4sale, kickedinthegroin.ning.com, Scaffies.nl, Tamakeri.nl and ProtectUrNuts.com.

Cause 
People enjoy tamakeri because they either feel good feeling pain or making others feel it. The feeling is like a "runner's high", where feel-good hormones called endorphins are sent out by the body. These endorphins make the people involved feel sexually aroused. But some people say that threats and more painful kicks or knees to the testicles by the female (in straight people) makes people more aroused. Belonging to a dominant boyfriend or girlfriend can also be a "turn-on". Like a lot of BDSM activities, it can be risky, and those involved can get hurt.

Related pages 

 Cock and ball torture
 Groin attack
 BDSM

References 

Pornography
BDSM
Pages with unreviewed translations
Jan-Michael Vincent (July 15, 1945 – February 10, 2019) was an American actor. He was well known for playing helicopter pilot Stringfellow Hawke on the television series Airwolf from 1984 to 1986 and the protagonist, Matt Johnson, in the 1978 movie Big Wednesday. 

Vincent died of cardiac arrest at a hospital in Asheville, North Carolina on February 10, 2019, aged 73.

References

Other websites
 
 Whatever Happened To: Jan Michael Vincent

1945 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American aviators
Actors from Denver, Colorado
Rockport is a city on the Ouachita River in Hot Spring County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 755, down from 792 in 2000.

References 

Cities in Arkansas
Siegbert Horn (11 May 1950 – 9 August 2016) was a German slalom canoeist who competed in the 1970s. He won a gold medal in the K-1 event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

Horn also won six medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with three golds (K-1: 1971, 1975; K-1 team: 1973), two silvers (K-1: 1973; K-1 team: 1971), and a bronze (K-1 team: 1975).

Horn was born on 11 May 1950 in Hartmannsdorf, East Germany and died from cancer on 9 August 2016 at the age of 66.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1950 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Germany
German Olympic gold medalists
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Brandenburg
Michael "Mikis" Theodorakis ( ; 29 July 1925 – 2 September 2021) was a Greek songwriter and composer. He wrote over 1000 songs. He was born in Chios, Greece. His career began in 1943. He was known for composing the movie scores for Zorba the Greek (1964), Z (1969), and Serpico (1973). He is known as Greece's best-known composer. He was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize.

From 1981 until 1993, he was a member of the Hellenic Parliament as a Communist.

On February 26, 2019, Theodorakis was hospitalized due to heart problems. On March 8, 2019, Theodorakis had heart surgery to place a pacemaker.

Theodorakis died on September 2, 2021, at his home in Athens, Greece from cardiac arrest at the age of 96.

References

1925 births
2021 deaths
Greek writers
Composers
Greek politicians
Political activists
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Flemings is a group of supermarkets in Sydney. The chain is owned by Woolworths Limited. Jannali is the only store operating. Most stores have re-branded as Woolworths Supermarkets since the late 1990s.

History
The first Flemings stores were opened in 1930 by Jim Fleming Sr. and George Fleming. They initially traded under the name "E.L. Lakin". The name changed to "Flemings Food Stores" after World War II. There were 55 Flemings stores in Sydney in 1965. 

The Fleming family continued operating the group through Woolworths for the next 10 years. They created Jewel Food Stores afterwards.

Pendle Hill store was renovated and rebranded Woolworths in late 2009. The Umina Beach store closed on 17 June 2010 and was replaced by a Woolworths opposite the old Flemings store. The Bexley North store was closed in 2017. It was transformed and rebadged to a Woolworths Metro store.

Related pages 
 Woolworths, the supermarket chain that replaced Flemings.
 Woolworths Limited

References 

1930 establishments
1930s establishments in Australia
Supermarkets of Australia
Sydney
Solihull (,  or ) is a large town in the West Midlands, England with a population of 123,187 in the 2011 Census. Historically in Warwickshire, it is a part of the West Midlands conurbation. It is the largest town in, and administrative centre of, the larger Metropolitan Borough of Solihull, which has a population of 209,890 people. Solihull is located  southeast of Birmingham,  northwest of Warwick and  northwest of London.

Solihull is the most wealthy town of the West Midlands. It is also one of the most wealthy areas in the UK outside London. In November 2013, the uSwitch Quality of Life Index named Solihull the "best place to live" in the United Kingdom. Residents of Solihull and those born in the town are called Silhillians. The motto of Solihull is Urbs in Rure (Town in Country).

References 

Towns in the West Midlands (county)
The Plurinational Legislative Assembly () is the national legislature of Bolivia. It is found in La Paz, the country's seat of government. The assembly is bicameral, consisting of a lower house (the Chamber of Deputies or Cámara de Diputados) and an upper house (the Senate, or Cámara de Senadores). The Vice President of Bolivia is also the President of the Plurinational Legislative Assembly. Each house elects its own directorate: a President, first and second Vice Presidents, and three or four Secretaries (for the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, respectively).

References 

National legislatures
Politics of South America
Bolivia
A fountain pen is a pen which has a nib and a reservoir of ink. 

The pen draws ink from the reservoir through a feed to the nib. The ink travels by a combination of gravity and capillary action. The nib is the part of the pen that writes on the paper. Different shapes and styles of nibs can change the amount of ink distributed and the thickness of your writing line. Most fountain pens have replaceable nibs. They can come in many different materials and styles and are ranked from extra-fine to extra broad.  

Filling the reservoir with ink may be done manually, by a Pasteur pipette (eyedropper) or syringe. However, usually it is done by an internal filling mechanism which creates suction. A piston mechanism or a vacuum transfers ink directly through the nib into the reservoir. Some pens have removable reservoirs in the form of pre-filled ink cartridges.

Nibs 
According to Mathur "the modern fountain pen nib may be traced back to the original gold nib which had a tiny fragment of ruby attached to form the wear-point". Nibs tipped with platinum group alloys such as iridium have been used since the 1830s. Today, the main part of the nib are usually made of stainless steel and/or gold  The most popular gold content is 14 carat (58⅓%) and 18 carat (75%). The idea is that the nib should be flexible yet firm, and the tip extremely hard-wearing.

Ink reservoir 
Until the early 20th century, the ink in a fountain pen was kept directly in the barrel. The slim barrels were made of hard rubber, which came in two colours, black and red. Ink was put in these barrels with an eye-dropper. To do this, the user had to take off the nib section, put the ink in and replace the nib section. This operation required a quiet secluded place, which some people might not have.

In 1907, Walter A. Sheaffer patented the lever filler. This used a hinged lever set into the pen barrel which pressed down onto a bar which in turn compressed a rubber sac inside, creating a vacuum which pulled ink into the pen. This could be done without removing the nib section.

Introduced in 1912, this innovation was rapidly imitated by the other major pen makers. Parker introduced the button filler, which had a button hidden beneath a blind cap on the end of the barrel. When pressed, it acted on a pressure bar inside to depress the ink sac. Many other firms used a lever set flat along the barrel, which, when pulled, squeezed the rubber sac. It was the rubber sac which made all the difference between the founain pens of the 19th century and those of the 20th century. Other firms used a screw mechanism at the top end of the pen to squeeze the rubber sac.

References 

Writing tools
John Stapylton Habgood, Baron Habgood,  (23 June 1927 – 6 March 2019) was a British Anglican bishop, academic, and life peer. He was Bishop of Durham from 1973 to 1983, and Archbishop of York from 18 November 1983 to 1995. 

In 1995, he was made a life peer and was in the House of Lords after stepping down as Archbishop. He took a leave of absence in later life, and was one of the first peers to retire from the Lords in 2011.

Habgood died on 6 March 2019 at the age of 91.

References

Other websites
 Biography – John Habgood, on the Gifford Lectures site. 2000–2001 lectures are online.
 John Habgood – God debates at Cambridge website
 Contributions in the House of Lords
"The Untidiness of Integration: John Stapylton Habgood" . Kevin Seybold, Volume 57 Number 2. June 2005. PSCF

1927 births
2019 deaths
British educators
Bishops
Carolee Schneemann (October 12, 1939 – March 6, 2019) was an American visual experimental artist. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was known for her multi-media works on the body, narrative, sexuality and gender.  

Schneemann received a B.A. from Bard College and a Master of Fine Arts from the University of Illinois. Her work was seen by research into visual traditions, taboos, and the body of the individual in relation to social bodies. Her works have been shown at the Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the London National Film Theatre, and many other venues.

Schneemann died on March 6, 2019 at her home in New Paltz, New York from breast cancer at the age of 79.

References

Other websites
Obituary, Artlyst
Carolee Schneemann's Website
Carolee Schneemann in the collection of The Museum of Modern Art
Carolee Schneemann: Kinetic Painting MoMA PS1
Ubu.com page featuring Fuses
Finding Aid for Carol Schneemann papers at the Getty Research Institute

1939 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
Cancer deaths in New York
American feminists
American artists
People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
New Paltz () is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 14,003 at the 2010 census. The town is located in the southeastern part of the county and is south of Kingston.

References

Towns in New York
Llanito or Yanito (pronounced ) is a form of Spanish heavily mixed with words from English and other languages, such as Ligurian; it is spoken at Gibraltar.

References 

Spanish language
Gibraltar
United Kingdom
Robert Braithwaite, CBE, DL (12 May 1943 – 7 March 2019) was a British entrepreneur and marine engineer. He was known as the Founder and President of the luxury powerboat manufacturer, alongside John Macklin, Sunseeker. He was born in Otley, Yorkshire.

Braithwaite died in the early hours of 7 March 2019, aged 75.

References

1943 births
2019 deaths
British businesspeople
People from Yorkshire
Guillaume Faye (; 7 November 1949 – 7 March 2019) was a French journalist and writer. He was born in Angoulême, France. In 1987, Guillaume Faye withdrew from politics. In 1990, he took part in Skyrock radio station as 'Skyman'. He also appeared in Telematin episodes on the France 2 TV channel from 1991 to 1993. He took part in the Rivarol.

Faye died of complications from lung cancer on 7 March 2019, aged 69.

References

Other websites
Avant-Guerre: Chronique d’un cataclysme annoncé (Pre-War: Account of an Impending Cataclysm).''
Le coup dEtat mondial: Essai sur le Nouvel Impérialisme Américain.'' 

1949 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
French journalists
French novelists
Carmine John Persico Jr. (August 8, 1933 – March 7, 2019), also known as "Junior", "The Snake" and "Immortal", was an American criminal and convicted racketeer. He was the long-time boss of the Colombo crime family from 1973 until his death. He was serving a sentence of 139 years in federal prison from 1987, until his death. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.

Persico died on March 7, 2019 in Durham, North Carolina from complications of diabetes, aged 85.

References

Other websites
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. CARMINE PERSICO, a/k/a "Junior," 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. CARMINE PERSICO, a/k/a "The Snake," a/k/a "Junior," 
 American Mafia.com Mob Hits 1991

1933 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
People who died in prison custody in the United States
American people convicted of murder
Criminals from New York City
William Charles Powers Jr. (May 30, 1946 – March 10, 2019) was an American attorney, academic, and university administrator. He was the 28th president of the University of Texas at Austin, becoming the second-longest serving president in the university's history. He held the position from February 1, 2006 to July 2, 2015. Powers Jr. was born in Los Angeles, California.

Powers Jr. died from complications of a fall in Austin, Texas on March 10, 2019, aged 72.

References

Other websites
The University of Texas: Office of the President
William C. Powers' Biography at the Office of the President
The University of Texas School of Law: William C. Powers Profile
Reeve, Hamilton. "Powers Will Give Up UT-Austin Presidency in June"
Texas Admissions Brawl

1946 births
2019 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
American Presbyterians
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Businesspeople from Austin, Texas
American academics
Lawyers from Austin
Lawyers from Los Angeles
Educators from Los Angeles
Educators from Austin, Texas
Michael Andreas Gielen (20 July 19278 March 2019) was an Austrian conductor and composer who promoted contemporary music in opera and concert.

He first worked in Vienna and was Generalmusikdirektor (GMD) of the Royal Swedish Opera. He conducted world premieres such as György Ligeti's Requièm, Karlheinz Stockhausen's Carré, and Bernd Alois Zimmermann's opera Die Soldaten and his Requiem für einen jungen Dichter. He directed the Frankfurt Opera from 1977 to 1987. During his era, the company became one of the leading operas.

Gielen was also principal conductor of the Belgian National Orchestra (1969–1973), the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra (1980–1986) and the Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra (1986–1999).

Gielen died on 8 March 2019 in Mondsee, Austria from pneumonia, aged 91.

References

Other websites
 Michael Gielen University of Hamburg
 Michael Andreas Gielen, Music Information Center Austria
 
 

1927 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Austrian writers
Conductors
People from Dresden