cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sugababes also known as The Sugababes were a British girl group which were formed in 1998 by Ron Tom when the members were still at school. The band has since had a string of hits both in the United Kingdom including six number ones, and in several other countries. The band has changed its line-up three times, because of reported differences between the members of the band. The original lineup was Siobhan, Mutya, and Keisha. Their first album, One Touch, was released in 2000. Siobhan left in 2001. Heidi Range, an original member of Atomic Kitten, replaced her. In 2002 their second album Angels With Dirty Faces was released on Island Records. It reached number 2 in the UK albums chart. Their third album Three was released in 2003. In 2004 they sung "Do They Know It's Christmas" as part of Band Aid 20. It reached No.1. In October 2005 their fourth album Taller in More Ways was released. It was their first UK number one album. It was also popular in other countries including Australia, Ireland, and Switzerland. In December 2005 it was announced that Mutya was no longer a member. Amelle Berrabah replaced her in the same month. "Follow Me Home" was rerecorded and released as the album's fourth single. In 2006 British Hit Singles & Albums named the band the most successful all-female group in the 21st century. They released Overloaded: The Singles Collection, which included two new songs, "Easy" and "Good to Be Gone". 
The band released their fifth album Change in 2007. It reached number one and sold over 300,000 copies in the UK. In 2008 Catfights and Spotlights was released. Their seventh studio album Sweet 7 was released in March 2010. On 11 April 2011 the band released two albums, The Best of the Bs and The Complete Bs. Both were collections of songs from other albums they had made. 
The band started a break in 2012 so that the members could do solo work. In 2013 Jade Ewen said that the band had officially split in 2011. The original members have formed a band called Mutya Keisha Siobhan who plan to release their first album in 2014.
In their career the band were nominated for forty-one awards, 14 of which they won.

References

1998 establishments in England
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
British girl groups
English R&B bands
English pop music groups
Musical groups established in 1998
Musical groups from London
Vaginoplasty is surgery to shape a vagina. Some babies are born with a problem where the vagina did not grow right. Doctors fix this with a vaginoplasty. Some women do not like how their vagina looks or feels. They can ask for a vaginoplasty. Some transsexual women ask for a vaginoplasty when they go from male to female.

There are many ways to do a vaginoplasty. Most use tissue from other parts of the body of the patient. They can use tissue from inside the mouth, skin tissue, the vaginal labia, or the intestines. For transgender women, they can use the penis and scrotum to make a vagina, but they must continue to dilate the new vagina to keep it by a tool.

Further reading
 Karim RB, Hage JJ, Dekker JJ, Schoot CM. Evolution of the methods of neovaginoplasty for vaginal aplasia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1995 Jan;58(1):19-27. Review. PMID 7758640  
 Karim RB, Hage JJ, Mulder JW. Neovaginoplasty in male transsexuals: review of surgical techniques and recommendations regarding eligibility. Ann Plast Surg. 1996 Dec;37(6):669-75. Review. PMID 8988784

Female reproductive system
Surgery
LGBT
Mastectomy is a surgery to remove the breast. They may remove one breast or both breasts. They may remove some of the breast, or all of it.

Mastectomy is often done for people with breast cancer. Both men and women can get this cancer. Both men and women can need a mastectomy. Some people with a high risk of breast cancer have the operation before the cancer starts.

If they find a tumor in the breast, they may only remove part of the breast around the tumor. Then the person might also take drugs (chemotherapy) to stop the cancer. They might also have a machine send energy (radiation) into the breast. Sometimes this can stop the cancer.

Transgender men also get this surgery to reassign their sex.

Other websites
 Types of Mastectomy  at mrbra.com
 Advice for Men with Breast Cancer at National Cancer Institute
 Mastectomy study at BBC
 Mastectomy summary at breastcancer.org
 Mastectomy article at eMedicine
 Mastectomy And The Swimwear Industry (Article)

Cancer treatment
Breasts
Keisuke Ota (born 24 April 1979) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2002||rowspan="4"|Avispa Fukuoka||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||4||1||0||0||4||1
|-
|2003||11||2||1||0||12||2
|-
|2004||24||5||2||2||26||7
|-
|2005||24||2||0||0||24||2
|-
|2006||Thespa Kusatsu||J. League 2||38||4||1||0||39||4

|-
|2007||Minnesota Thunder||USL First Division||19||2||||||19||2

|-
|2008||V-Varen Nagasaki||Regional Leagues||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
102||14||4||2||106||16
19||2||||||19||2
121||16||4||2||125||18
|}

References

1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
The 8-day Blackpool Dance Festival is the world's first and most famous annual ballroom dance competition of international significance. It has been held in the Winter Gardens, Blackpool, England since 1920 (except for war-time). It is also the largest regular ballroom competition: in 2003, 1539 couples from 54 countries took part in the festival.

As of the early 21st century the festival is held in May. It covers Ballroom dance, including Latin dances. The Festival includes the British Open Championships in categories of adult amateur and professional couples and formation teams. In 2005 two new categories were introduced: the British Rising Star Amateur Ballroom and Latin Competitions. Two invitation events, the Professional Team Match and the Exhibition Competition, create much interest.

The Junior Dance Festival, Blackpool Sequence Dance Festival, and British National Dance Festival are also held annually in Blackpool.

The annual World Professional Championship in either Ballroom or Latin dance is often held in Blackpool (4 times between 1989 and 2005), but is not connected with the Dance Festival.

References

Other websites
 Blackpool Dance Festival official website
 Blackpool Dance home page at danceplaza
 The History of the Blackpool Dance Festival 

Dance
Michiaki Kakimoto (born 6 October 1977) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Matsumoto Yamaga.

Club career statistics

|-
|2000||Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0

|-
|2001||Clementi Khalsa||S. League||29||14||1||0||colspan="2"|-||30||14

|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Oita Trinita||J. League 2||14||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2003||J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||22||3||4||3||colspan="2"|-||26||6
|-
|2004||40||10||3||0||colspan="2"|-||43||10
|-
|2005||43||15||1||0||colspan="2"|-||44||15
|-
|2006||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||25||1||1||0||7||1||33||2
|-
|2007||Shonan Bellmare||J. League 2||10||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Matsumoto Yamaga||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||12||12||4||4||colspan="2"|-||16||16
|-
|2009||13||11||3||2||colspan="2"|-||16||13
|-
|2010||Football League||||||||||||||||
180||52||17||9||7||1||204||62
29||14||1||0||colspan="2"|-||30||14
209||66||18||9||7||1||234||76
|}

References

1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Fukuoka Prefecture
Yoon Jong-Hwan (윤정환 尹晶煥, born February 16, 1973) is a South Korean professional athlete.  He is best known as a football player. He was a member of the Korean national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995||Yukong Kokkiri||K-League||19||3||colspan="2"|-||5||0||24||3
|-
|1996||Bucheon Yukong||K-League||15||0||||||7||2||22||2
|-
|1997||rowspan="3"|Bucheon SK||rowspan="3"|K-League||7||2||||||9||1||16||3
|-
|1998||16||1||||||12||3||28||4
|-
|1999||11||2||||||7||1||18||3

|-
|2000||rowspan="3"|Cerezo Osaka ||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||29||3||3||3||3||0||35||6
|-
|2001||26||4||5||6||1||0||32||10
|-
|2002||J. League 2||26||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||29||2

|-
|2003||Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma||K-League||30||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||30||1
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors||rowspan="2"|K-League||23||2||2||0||11||0||36||2
|-
|2005||19||1||5||0||12||1||36||2

|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||41||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||43||2
|-
|2007||26||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||26||1
140||12||7||0||63||8||210||20
148||12||13||9||4||0||165||21
288||24||20||9||67||8||375||41
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1994||1||0
|-
|1995||2||0
|-
|1996||0||0
|-
|1997||5||0
|-
|1998||12||3
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||7||0
|-
|2001||2||0
|-
|2002||5||1
|-
!Total||37||4
|}

References

Other websites
 J-League, 尹晶煥 YOON Jong Hwan 
 K-League, 윤정환 尹晶煥 Yoon, Jong Hwan 

1973 births
Living people
South Korean footballers
South Korean football managers
Oleh Protasov (born February 4, 1964) is a former Ukrainian football player. He has played for the Soviet Union national team and the Ukrainian national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1982||rowspan="6"|Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk||rowspan="6"|Top League||4||1||||||||||4||1
|-
|1983||21||7||||||||||21||7
|-
|1984||34||17||||||||||34||17
|-
|1985||33||35||||||||||33||35
|-
|1986||23||17||||||||||23||17
|-
|1987||30||18||||||||||30||18
|-
|1988||rowspan="3"|Dynamo Kyiv||rowspan="3"|Top League||29||11||||||||||29||11
|-
|1989||26||7||||||||||26||7
|-
|1990||16||12||||||||||16||12

|-
|1990/91||rowspan="4"|Olympiacos||rowspan="4"|Alpha Ethniki||30||13||||||||||30||13
|-
|1991/92||22||14||||||||||22||14
|-
|1992/93||24||13||||||||||24||13
|-
|1993/94||9||8||||||||||9||8

|-
|1994||rowspan="2"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||27||11||4||4||3||0||34||15
|-
|1995||28||13||0||0||colspan="2"|-||28||13

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="2"|Veria||rowspan="2"|Alpha Ethniki||30||4||||||||||30||4
|-
|1997/98||32||7||||||||||32||4
|-
|1998/99||Proodeftiki||Alpha Ethniki||28||5||||||||||28||5
216||125||||||||||216||125
175||64||||||||||175||64
55||24||4||4||3||0||62||28
446||213||4||4||3||0||453||217
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1984||5||2
|-
|1985||12||8
|-
|1986||3||0
|-
|1987||9||2
|-
|1988||18||10
|-
|1989||8||3
|-
|1990||11||3
|-
|1991||2||1
|-
!Total||68||29
|}

|-
|1994||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

Other websites
 National Football Teams
 RSSSF

1964 births
Living people
Ukrainian footballers
Ukrainian football managers
Stirling Albion F.C. is a football club which plays in Scotland.

References

Scottish football clubs
1945 establishments
1940s establishments in Scotland
The Scissor Sisters are a music group. They are classified as being rock, pop, and dance. They did a remake of Pink Floyd's "Comfortably Numb". They formed their band in 2001 in New York. Paddy Boom is one of their band members along with Jake Shears. Scissor Sisters have released four albums.

History

Early career
At first the Scissor Sisters were called Dead Lesbian. They then changed their name to the Fibrillating Scissor Sisters. In 2002 the band were signed to A Touch of Class. They released their first single "Electrobix" in 2003.

Scissor Sisters
In 2004 "Comfortably Numb" was released as a single. It reached number 14 in the UK Singles Chart. "Take Your Mama" was then released as a single. It reached number 17 in the UK Singles Chart.
They released their first album, Scissor Sisters, in 2004. The album got good reviews from music critics. It sold more than any other album in the UK in 2004. It has sold over 2,100,000 copies in the United Kingdom.

Tah-Dah
In 2005 the Scissor Sisters won three BRIT Awards. In September 2006 the Scissor Sisters released their second album, Ta-Dah. The album's first single, "I Don't Feel Like Dancin'", reached number one in the UK. Elton John played piano on the song.

Night Work
In June 2010 Scissor Sisters' fourth album Night Work was released. It entered the UK Albums Chart at number two. Three singles were released from the album.

Magic Hour
In 2012 the band's fourth album Magic Hour was released. It entered the UK Albums Chart at number four. "Shady Love" was released as the album's first single. It was only released on vinyl to 200 of the band's fans on Twitter and Facebook. Azealia Banks rapped on the song. "Only the Horses" was released as the album's second single. It reached number twelve in the UK Singles Chart.

Albums 
 Scissor Sisters (2004)
 Ta-Dah (2006)
 Night Work (2010)
 Magic Hour (2012)

References

Musical groups established in 2001
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American pop music groups
American rock bands
Brit Award winners
LGBT-themed musical groups
Musical groups from New York City
Flying Solo is a young adult novel written by Ralph Fletcher, first published in 1998.

Plot summary
Mr. Fabiano is a sixth-grade teacher that calls in sick on April 28th. When his class arrives, they find that their substitute teacher is missing.  The class decides that they will not report this to the principal and will run the classroom by themselves.  The students follow the instructions left by their teacher.  All goes well until the end of the day, when a fight breaks out between two classmates and Mr. Fabiano is called upon to join in a school assembly.

Characters in Flying Solo :
Mr. Fabiano — The teacher of Class 6-238, he takes a day off.
Rachel — She has been mute for six months since a classmate (Tommy Feathers) who was fond of her died six months ago
Bastian — An  Air Force brat that can't stop thinking about his dog that will be quarantined. He teases other kids often. Bastian has to move to Hawaii because of his dad.
John — Bastian's best friend.
Sean — A quiet boy who has a crush on Rachel and doesn't have the best home life
Karen — A confident girl, and natural leader of the class. She takes control of the class when they decide to run the classroom themselves.
Jessica — The only member of the class that is not sure the students should run the class. She believes it isn't the right thing. Her father is a lawyer.
Christopher — A nasty spoiled boy, he annoys most of the class.
Missy — A fat girl, she is Rachel's best friend, Rachel's interpreter.
Sky Reed — A new kid in the class, he's from California.

Themes
Some of topics in the novel include selective mutism, death, and grief.

Notes

References

Outside websites
Ralph Fletcher's website

Flying Solo is a young adult novel written by Ralph Fletcher, first published in 1998.
1998 books
Young adult novels
Gothika is an American horror thriller movie starring Halle Berry.

Sources

Other websites 

2003 horror movies
2000s supernatural movies
2003 thriller movies
American horror movies
American supernatural movies
American thriller movies
Canadian horror movies
Canadian thriller movies
German horror movies
German thriller movies
Spanish horror movies
Spanish thriller movies
English-language movies
Ghost movies
Movies directed by Mathieu Kassovitz
SPIHT (set partitioning in hierarchical trees) is a compression algorithm intended for compression of wavelet transform coefficients. It was introduced by Amir Said and William A. Pearlman in 1996. Its predecessor was EZW coding algorithm.

More practically, SPIHT progressively transforms these coefficients into a bit stream. This stream can be anywhere cut off. During decoding coefficients are increasingly refined.

References 
 

Algorithms
Tommy Trouble and the Magic Marble is a children's novel written by Ralph Fletcher with drawings by Ben Caldwell. It was first published in 2000.

Plot summary
Tommy who loves collecting needs ten dollars to buy a magic marble from another boy.  He tries to pick flowers from his mother's rose garden to sell to a neighbor. He also tries to trade his little brothers snake.  Tommy finally decides that the magic marble is not worth the trouble.

References

Other websites
Ralph Fletcher's website

2000 books
Children's books
Books by Ralph Fletcher
20th-century American novels
English-language novels
Hwajeong Museum (화정박물관) is a museum in Jongno District, Seoul. It was opened in 1999. It has many relics of Korea, China, and Tibet.

Other websites 
 Hwajeong Museum

Museums in South Korea
National Palace Museum of Korea () is a museum in Jongno District, Seoul. It was opened in 1908 and reopened in Gyeongbok Palace in 2005. It has royal relics of Joseon Dynasty. It also has 3 National Treasures of Korea.

Other websites 
 National Palace Museum of Korea 

National museums in South Korea
National Folk Museum of Korea (국립민속박물관, 國立民俗博物館) is a museum in Jongno District, Seoul. It was opened in 1945, and reopened in Gyeongbok Palace in 1993.

Other websites
 National Folk Museum of Korea 

National museums in South Korea
, also known as NJPW, is Japanese professional wrestling promotion.

NJPW is the largest wrestling promoter in Japan. NJPW has working agreements with other  promoters, including: World Wrestling Entertainment, World Championship Wrestling, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, and PRIDE Fighting Championships.

History
NJPW was founded in 1972 by Kanji Inoki.

Since 1999, Tatsumi Fujinami has been president.

In 2012, Inoki continued to be known for innovation in the business.

Champions

Current champions

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 New Japan Pro Wrestling roster

References

Other websites

 New Japan Pro Wrestling website 

1972 establishments in Asia
Professional wrestling promotions
Sport in Japan
1970s establishments in Japan

el:Αντόνιο Ινόκι#New Japan Pro Wrestling
Kazuyoshi Matsunaga (born 13 November 1977) is a Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1996||rowspan="4"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||3||1||2||2||0||0||5||4
|-
|1998||8||1||0||0||1||0||9||1
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 1||3||2||0||0||2||1||5||3
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Professor Miyazaki||Regional Leagues||||||||||||||||
|-
|2002||Football League||12||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||14||2
|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|Tochigi||rowspan="2"|Football League||29||9||1||1||colspan="2"|-||30||10
|-
|2004||19||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||20||5
|-
|2005||ALO's Hokuriku||Football League||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2006||Banditonce Kobe||Regional Leagues||7||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||3
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Mitsubishi Motors Mizushima||rowspan="2"|Football League||14||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||14||1
|-
|2008||13||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||13||2
110||26||6||3||3||1||119||30
110||26||6||3||3||1||119||30
|}

References

1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Oita Prefecture
Arno van Zwam (born 16 September 1969) is a former Dutch football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="8"|Fortuna Sittard Combinatie||Eredivisie||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="2"|Eerste Divisie||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1994/95||34||0||||||||||34||0
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="5"|Eredivisie||33||0||||||||||33||0
|-
|1996/97||34||0||||||||||34||0
|-
|1997/98||34||0||||||||||34||0
|-
|1998/99||31||0||||||||||31||0
|-
|1999/00||34||0||||||||||34||0

|-
|2000||rowspan="4"|Júbilo Iwata||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||15||0||3||0||4||0||22||0
|-
|2001||26||0||2||0||8||0||36||0
|-
|2002||16||0||0||0||5||0||21||0
|-
|2003||17||0||0||0||5||0||22||0

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="4"|NAC Breda||rowspan="4"|Eredivisie||7||0||||||||||7||0
|-
|2004/05||3||0||||||||||3||0
|-
|2005/06||17||0||||||||||17||0
|-
|2006/07||2||0||||||||||2||0
229||0||||||||||229||0
74||0||5||0||22||0||101||0
303||0||5||0||22||0||330||0
|}

1969 births
Living people
Association football goalkeepers
Dutch footballers
Sportspeople from Gelderland
José Antonio García Calvo (born 1 April 1975) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Real Madrid||rowspan="2"|La Liga||10||0
|-
|1996/97||6||0
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="4"|Real Valladolid||rowspan="4"|La Liga||33||1
|-
|1998/99||28||0
|-
|1999/00||33||1
|-
|2000/01||34||2
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|Atlético Madrid||Segunda División||35||1
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="4"|La Liga||22||2
|-
|2003/04||22||1
|-
|2004/05||15||0
|-
|2005/06||12||0
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Real Valladolid||Segunda División||15||1
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|La Liga||33||1
|-
|2008/09||19||2
317||12
317||12
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2002||3||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}

References

1975 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Sportspeople from Madrid
Aflac (also known as Aflac Incorporated) is an insurance company. Their mascot is a white, short-tempered duck called the Aflac Duck. Gilbert Gottfried used to do the voice for the Aflac Duck, but he's now replaced by Daniel McKeague after getting fired by the Aflac company for making bad online jokes about the Japan earthquake in 2011. 

Also, college football has the Aflac trivia question. Their headquarters is in Columbus, Georgia.

References

Other websites

 Corporate website

American financial companies
Insurance companies
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Columbus, Georgia
Companies based in Georgia (U.S. state)
1955 establishments in the United States
State Farm Insurance is an insurance agency with headquarters in Bloomington, Illinois. They serve both the U.S. and Canada. They sponsor the Lone Star Showdown.

Other websites
 State Farm — main official website
 State Farm Bank — official website
 State Farm's Youth Advisory Board — official website
 State Farm Canada
 State Farm's University of Illinois Research Center

1922 establishments in the United States
American financial companies
Insurance companies
Companies based in Illinois
Arkansas Razorbacks are the name of the sports teams at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas.

Sports in the United States
Fayetteville, Arkansas
Uncle Daddy is a young adult novel written by Ralph Fletcher, first published in 2001.  It won a Christopher Medal in the Books for Young People, ages 10–12 category in 2002.

Plot summary
River's father left his wife and son when the son is three years old. He goes out to get a pizza and does not come back.  His mother's uncle moves in and becomes "Uncle Daddy".  Rivers is living a normal life for a nine year old boy when his father returns after being gone for six years.  The return of Rivers father threatens to tear the family apart until Uncle Daddy has a near fatal heart attack.  Rivers and his parents come together to support Uncle Daddy.

Awards
Uncle Daddy won a Christopher Medal in the Books for Young People, ages 10–12 category in 2002.

Notes

References

Outside websites
Ralph Fletcher's website

2001 books
Young adult novels
The One O'Clock Chop is a young adult novel by written by Ralph Fletcher, first published in 2007.

Background
Ralph Fletch drew up on own experiences in being a clam digger when he was between seventeen and twenty years old.  He considers this his first piece of historical fiction and talked to many Hawaiian women while writing this novel.

Plot summary
Matt, a fourteen your old boy living on Long Island in 1973, takes a job with Dan,  a clam digger.  He wants to save up enough money to buy a used boat. Jazzy, Matt's cousin from Hawaii comes to spend the summer with Matt and his mother.  Jazzy and Matt become kissing cousins until Jazzy becomes interested in another boy.  They finally become friends again and Matt learns to stand up for himself.

Explanation of the novel's title
The One O'Clock Chop is a daily breeze that suddenly moves across the bay where Matt lives roughening up the smooth surface. Dan says "the old salts say you can set your watch by it."

Notes

References

Other websites
Ralph Fletcher's website

2007 books
Young adult novels
Walking Trees: Teaching Teachers in New York City Schools is a book by Ralph Fletcher.  It was first published in 1990.  It was published again in 1995 under a different title Walking Trees: Portraits of Teachers and Children in the Culture of Schools.

Summary
Walking Trees: Teaching Teachers in New York City Schools is the story of Ralph Fletcher's work in the New York City school system as a teacher trainer program to teach teachers about writing.

References

Outside websites
Ralph Fletcher's website

1990 books
Union County is a county in northern Florida. Union County is also the smallest county in Florida. The county was founded in 1921 after being cut off from Bradford County. In 2005 almost 15,000 people lived in Union County. Lake Butler is the county seat of Union County, it is also the largest city in Union County. Since Union County is the smallest county, it covers only 250 square miles.

Other cities 
There are only two other cities in Union County other than Lake Butler. The two other cities are:
 Raiford
 Worthington Springs

References

Other websites 
 Union County website

Florida counties
1921 establishments in Florida
Pneumothorax (sometimes called "collapsed lung") is a health problem where air or gas is in the pleural space (the space between the lung and the pleura). The pleura is a slim membrane that covers the lungs. The two parts of the pleura usually touch. A hole might grow in the surface of the lung. Air then enters between the pleura and the lung. The lung will collapse. If enough air gets into the pleural space, it can also push against other organs or parts in the chest, like the heart or the aorta. Pneumothorax is a medical emergency.

There are two main types of pneumothorax. These are a Closed Pneumothorax, and an Open Pneumothorax. These are also known as Simple Pneumothorax and Complex Pneumothorax.

Symptoms 
The most common symptoms of Pneumothorax are chest pains. The chest pains can be sharp, dull, or stabbing. Some other symptoms of Pneumothorax are shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and coughing.

Causes 
A Pneumothorax can occur for no obvious reason (spontaneous). It is typically  men who are tall (or perhaps have long torsos), between the ages of 20 and 40 who present a spontaneous pneumothorax.

Small air blisters (blebs) can develop on the top of the surface of the lungs. These blebs sometimes burst — allowing air to leak into the pleural space that surrounds the lungs, causing the lung to collapse.

Otherwise, it can be caused by blunt or penetrating injuries or lung diseases that result in the lung leaking air into the pleural cavity.

Consuming cannabis via smoking is also related to victims of a pneumothorax.

Treatment
Simple Pneumothorax will heal by itself. Complex pneumothorax will need medical attention. One should treat respiratory problems as soon as they occur.

Closed pneumothorax 

Closed pneumothorax is when air or gas gets in the pleural space without any outside wound. This sometimes happens when the lung is already injured somehow, like from diseases such as cancer or cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is a disease in the lungs. Glands in the body make large amounts of thick mucus. The mucus blocks ducts and passageways.

The most common cause of closed pneumothorax is called spontaneous pneumothorax. The cause of spontaneous pneumothorax is not known.

Open pneumothorax 

Open pneumothorax is when air gets into the pleural space from an injury to the chest. This can happen with stab wounds, like from a knife. It can also happen after a gunshot injury. The injury is most dangerous if the wound lets air in when the injured person (or animal) breathes, but does not let it back out. Sometimes this is called a "sucking chest wound."

References

 
Respiratory system
Daughter of the Forest is a fantasy novel by Juliet Marillier first published in 1999  It is based on "The Six Swans" (a story that has many versions, one of which is by the Brothers Grimm). A girl must sew six shirts from a painful plant in order to save her brothers from a witch's curse. She must not speak until the task is finished.

Plot summary 
Sorcha, the seventh child of Irish Lord Colum of Sevenwaters, has been raised by her six older brothers. Having lost her mother at birth, Sorcha is almost ignored by her father. Her father's new wife, the Lady Oonagh, attacks Sorcha and her brothers. Sorcha alone is able to flee into the forest and escape. Sorcha's brothers, however, have been turned into swans.

The story is a twist on the classic tale of "The Six Swans." Sorcha learns that if she can spin six shirts from a painful plant she can free her brothers from the spell. But she must not speak until the last one has been finished.  Sorcha agrees to this and spends several years in the forest hiding as she works on the shirts.

After several years of hard work, Sorcha is saved from drowning by a British lord, Hugh of Harrowfield (known as "Red"). When Red returns to Britain, Sorcha accompanies him. Red believes that Sorcha knows something about his brother, Simon.  Sorcha had nursed Simon back to health after his capture by Lord Colum. Sorcha stays with Red as she works on the shirts.

While in Britain, Sorcha finds a new danger in the form of Lord Richard, Red's uncle. Sorcha must fend off the attacks of Richard as she works to save her brothers.

Awards and nominations 
 Daughter of the Forest won the 2001 American Library Association Alex Award 
 Daughter of the Forest was a finalist for the 2000 Aurealis Awards for Fantasy Novel

Outside websites 
 Daughter of the Forest  entry on official Juliet Marillier website
 Interview with Juliet Marillier  at Slow Glass Books shortly after Daughter of the Forest was published.
 In-depth interview with Juliet Marillier at Writer Unboxed, where Juliet also blogs.
 Review of Daughter of the Forest by fantasy author Victoria Strauss

Notes

References

1999 books
Fantasy books
Sonic Adventure is a video game from the Sonic the Hedgehog series. It was the very first Dreamcast game. It was released in Japan on November 27, 1998, in North America on September 9, 1999 and in Europe on October 14, 1999. It is the first Sonic game to have 3D surroundings, instead of 2D surroundings like the other Sonic games had. It was released in Japan as one of five launch titles. It also has a sequel called Sonic Adventure 2.

Gameplay 

The object of the game is to get all of the Chaos Emeralds by playing different characters from the Sonic series, in order to defeat Dr. Eggman. Each character has their own level, each with a specific purpose. For example, Knuckles has to find and put together all of the pieces of the Master Emerald. The list of playable characters are:

Sonic the Hedgehog
Miles "Tails" Prower
Knuckles the Echidna
Amy Rose
E-102 Gamma
Big the Cat
Super Sonic (after the player finishes the game with all characters)
Metal Sonic (after the player gets all 130 emblems on the DX version)

Sonic Adventure DX 

Sonic Adventure DX: Directors Cut is an advanced version of Sonic Adventure released for the Nintendo GameCube and Microsoft Windows in 2004. It was later released on PSN, XBLA and Steam. It contained a new "Mission Mode", a Mini-Game collection [only on GameCube and Windows versions] and allows the player to play as Metal Sonic once they get all 130 emblems. It is famous for being full of glitches.

References 

1998 video games
3D platform games
Windows games
Dreamcast games
Sonic the Hedgehog games
Hurricane Keith was the strongest hurricane of the 2000 Atlantic hurricane season. Keith struck Belize and Mexico before it died on October 6. Keith killed 24 people and caused $225 million in damage. Most of this damage happened in Belize. It was because it struck Belize while stronger than when it struck Mexico.

Meteorological history

The beginning of the hurricane was from a tropical wave that moved into the Atlantic Ocean off of Africa on September 16. The wave moved across much of the Caribbean Sea, until September 28, at that time it became Tropical Depression Fifteen. Fifteen moved a little northwest and became Tropical Storm Keith on September 29.

Keith changed its course and moved west. On September 30 Keith became a hurricane. Keith rapidly gained strength and later on September 30, Keith reached its highest wind speed with which at 140 mph. The hurricane was blocked and was forced to make a loop. 

Since Keith was close to land, the block caused Keith to weaken a lot. On October 2 as a weak hurricane, Keith made landfall in Ambergris Caye, Belize. The next day, Keith made another landfall in Belize, this time in Belize City as a very strong tropical storm.
 
Keith moved over Belize and the Yucatan Peninsula and weakened to a tropical depression. Tropical Depression Keith moved off of the Peninsula and into the Gulf of Mexico, where it quickly became a tropical storm again. 

On October 4, Keith again became a hurricane. Hurricane Keith made its last landfall in Mexico near Tampico in Tamaulipas on October 5. Keith weakened over Mexico until it finally died on October 6.

Retirement

The name Keith was retired in the Spring of 2001. The name Kirk was put on the list in 2006, but Kirk was not used, so it must be used again in 2012.

Reference

2000s disasters in North America
2000s in Belize
2000s in Mexico
2000 in North America
Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
The degree of a polynomial , represented by the symbol , is the highest exponent that occurs inside that polynomial.

For example, if we look at the polynomial , then we can see that the degree of this polynomial is , because the highest power in the variable  is . It occurs in the term .

The name of the variable is not important. For example, the polynomial  has degree , because the highest power of the variable, in this case , is , which occurs in the term .

Related pages 
 Fundamental theorem of algebra, a theorem which states that a polynomial of degree  has  complex roots.

References 

Mathematics
In math, there are many subjects. One of these is group theory. In group theory, the Monster group (shortened to M or F1) is important. It is also called the Fischer-Griess Monster, or the Friendly Giant. It is a group of finite order, which is equal to:

   246 · 320 · 59 · 76 · 112 · 133 · 17 · 19 · 23 · 29 · 31 · 41 · 47 · 59 · 71 
 = 808017424794512875886459904961710757005754368000000000
 ≈ 8 · 1053.

It is a simple group. Simple groups have only two normal subgroups: the identity element, and M.

The finite simple groups  have been completely classified (the classification of finite simple groups). There are two kinds of finite simple groups in the list of finite simple groups. The first kind has 18 countably infinite families. The second kind has 26 sporadic groups. They are not as systematic. The Monster group is the largest of these sporadic groups. It contains all but six of the other sporadic groups inside of it. Robert Griess has called these six exceptions pariahs. The rest make up the happy family.

Other websites
 MathWorld: Monster Group
 Atlas of Finite Group Representations: Monster group

Mathematics
The Iowa Hawkeyes are the athletics teams of the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. The Hawkeyes have varsity teams in 24 sports. They have 11 teams for men and 13 for women. The teams are a part of Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and are members of the Big Ten Conference. 

The term "Hawkeye" first appeared in the book The Last of the Mohicans. It was later used in its plural form to describe the people of Iowa.  

Historically, Iowa has done well in wrestling. They have 34 team Big Ten championships and 23 team national championships. The Hawkeyes have also won national championships in three other sports. These are men's gymnastics, football and field hockey.  In basketball, Iowa has reached the Final Four four times. The men's team has done this three times and the women's team has done it once. The baseball team has reached the College World Series once, in 1972. Iowa's softball team has played in the Women's College World Series four times.

References

Colleges and universities in Iowa
Big Ten Conference
The Supremes were an American female singing group. It was originally founded as The Primettes in Detroit, Michigan, in 1959.  Diana Ross, Mary Wilson, and Florence Ballard sang in the group.  They recorded music for Motown records. The Supremes' were known for their doo-wop, pop, soul, and disco.

The Supremes were the most commercially successful of Motown's acts. They are, to date, America's most successful vocal group, with 12 number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. Most of these hits were written and produced by Motown's main songwriting and production team, Holland–Dozier–Holland. At their peak in the mid-1960s, the Supremes rivaled the Beatles in worldwide popularity. Their success made it possible for future African American R&B and soul musicians to find mainstream success.

Founding members Florence Ballard, Mary Wilson, Diana Ross, and Betty McGlown, all came from a public housing project in Detroit. They formed the Primettes as the sister act to the Primes (with Paul Williams and Eddie Kendricks, who went on to form the Temptations). Barbara Martin replaced McGlown in 1960, and the group signed with Motown the following year as the Supremes. Martin left the act in early 1962, and Ross, Ballard, and Wilson carried on as a trio.

During the mid-1960s, the Supremes achieved mainstream success with Ross as lead singer. In 1967, Motown president Berry Gordy renamed the group Diana Ross & the Supremes, and replaced Ballard with Cindy Birdsong. Ross left to pursue a solo career in 1970 and was replaced by Jean Terrell, at which point the group's name reverted to the Supremes. After 1972, the lineup changed more frequently; Lynda Laurence, Scherrie Payne, and Susaye Greene all became members of the group during the mid-1970s. The Supremes disbanded in 1977 after an 18-year run.

References

Other websites

1959 establishments in the United States
1977 disestablishments in the United States
1950s American music groups
1960s American music groups
1970s American music groups
African-American musical groups
American girl groups
American R&B bands
American pop music groups
American soul bands
Disco groups
Musical groups disestablished in the 1970s
Musical groups established in 1959
Musical groups from Detroit, Michigan
Musical trios
1950s establishments in Michigan
20th-century disestablishments in Michigan
Yvon of the Yukon was a 26-minute  Canadian animated cartoon that was about a French explorer named Yvon Ducharme, who became frozen in an ice block in the Yukon after being knocked overboard off his boat. The show follows the adventures of Yvon as he attempts to adjust to life in the Yukon.

The show takes place in the fictional town of Upyermukluk (a play on "Up your mukluk").

Characters

 Yvon Ducharme – He was frozen in the Arctic. Yvon was defrosted by sled dog urine and now lives in a hut made of his old ship. He has never taken a bath and believes the only time he should take a bath is when he is married or dead.
 Tommy Tukyuk – lives in a trailer behind the Mad Cossack with his father Bill Tukyuk. He is one of Yvon's friends who helps him get out of trouble. He has a sled dog named Mutt.
 Bill Tukyuk – the mayor of Upyermukluk and the owner of the Mad Cossack restaurant. He gives advice to Yvon and Tommy by telling tall tales.
 King Louis – the former King of France from 300 years ago. He is also Yvon's idol and usually seen in the show when Yvon does a flashback about his past.
 Luba – the only police officer from Upyermukluk.
 Willy Tidwell – a government official in Upyermukluk. He loves to make the citizen life miserable by strange rules and regulations.
 Big Mary Hatfield – the owner of the Bingo Barn and the wife of Harland Hatfield.

Other websites 
Yvon of the Yukon's official website 

Canadian animated television series
1999 television series debuts
2005 television series endings
1999 establishments in Canada
2000s disestablishments in Canada
This is a list of museums in Seoul.

National Museums
 Bank of Korea Museum ()
 National Center for Korean Traditional Performing Arts Museum (NCKTPA Museum) ()
 National Folk Museum of Korea ()
 National Museum of Korea ()
 National Palace Museum of Korea ()
 Police Heritage Museum ()
 Seoul National Science Museum ()

City Museums
 Global Village Folk Museum ()
 Seodaemun Museum of Natural History ()
 Seoul Museum of Art ()
 Seoul Museum of History ()
 Seoul Education Museum ()
 War Memorial of Korea ()

Private Museums
 Gahoe Museum ()
 Daelim Contemporary Art Museum ()
 Dosan Ahn Chang-ho Memorial Hall ()
 Horim Museum ()
 Hwajeong Museum ()
 Kim Koo Museum & Gallery ()
 Kumho Museum ()
 Kyungwoon Museum ()
 Lock Museum ()
 Mokin Museum ()
 Museum of Korean Buddhist Art ()
 Museum of Korean Embroidery ()
 Newspaper Museum in Korea (Presseum) ()
 Onggi Folk Museum ()
 Rodin Gallery ()
 Samseong Museum of Publishing ()
 Samsung Children's Museum ()
 Seoul Olympic Museum ()
 Tibet Museum ()
 Tteok Museum ()
 Woori Bank Museum ()
 World Jewellery Museum ()

University Museums
 Dongguk University Museum ()
 Ewha Womans University Museum ()
 Museum of Art, Seoul National University (MoA SNU) ()
 Seoul National University Museum ()
 Sookmyung Women's University Museum ()

Seoul
Buildings and structures in Seoul
South Korea-related lists
Stranraer F.C. is a football club which plays in Scotland.

Scottish football clubs
Nozomu Kato (born 7 October 1969) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992||Hitachi||Football League||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|1993||rowspan="12"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="2"|Football League||7||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|1994||26||6||0||0||1||0||27||6
|-
|1995||rowspan="10"|J. League 1||46||8||2||0||colspan="2"|-||48||8
|-
|1996||27||8||2||0||14||2||43||10
|-
|1997||32||4||3||1||8||1||43||6
|-
|1998||34||8||2||1||4||6||40||15
|-
|1999||30||9||4||0||8||2||42||11
|-
|2000||29||2||2||2||2||0||33||4
|-
|2001||22||4||1||0||4||2||27||6
|-
|2002||18||3||0||0||6||0||24||3
|-
|2003||10||0||1||0||2||0||13||0
|-
|2004||7||0||1||0||2||0||10||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="4"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||41||9||1||0||colspan="2"|-||42||9
|-
|2006||42||6||2||0||colspan="2"|-||44||6
|-
|2007||47||10||1||0||colspan="2"|-||48||6
|-
|2008||40||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||41||5
458||82||23||4||51||13||532||99
458||82||23||4||51||13||532||99
|}

References

1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Miyagi Prefecture
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Nagata was born in Shizuoka on April 6, 1983. After graduating from Shizuoka Gakuen High School, he joined J1 League club Kashiwa Reysol in 2002. He debuted in September 2002 and became a regular center back in 2003. However he injured his anterior cruciate ligament in March 2005. Although he came back in November, Reysol was relegated to J2 League end of the 2005 season. In 2006, Nagata moved to J1 club Albirex Niigata with teammate Kisho Yano. However Nagata could not play at all in the match for injuries in 2006. He became a regular player in 2007 and played many matches as center back with Mitsuru Chiyotanda (2007-2009) and Kazuhiko Chiba (2010). In 2011, Nagata moved to Urawa Reds with teammate Márcio Richardes. He became a regular center back from first season. However he could not play many matches for repeated injuries from 2013. In 2017, he moved to J2 club Tokyo Verdy. Although he played for the club in 2 seasons, he could hardly play in the match and resigned end of 2018 season. In May 2019, he joined Regional Leagues club Tokyo United FC. He retired end of the 2019 season.

In 2003, Nagata was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2003 World Youth Championship. At this tournament, he played 3 matches. On September 7, 2010, he debuted for the Japan national team against Guatemala. He also played at 2011 Asian Cup. He played 2 games for Japan until 2011.

Statistics

|-
|2002||rowspan="4"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="4"|J1 League||6||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|2003||23||0||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||28||0
|-
|2004||28||2||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||33||2
|-
|2005||5||1||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||6||1
|-
|2006||rowspan="5"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="5"|J1 League||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2007||22||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|-
|2008||30||1||2||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||37||1
|-
|2009||33||0||4||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||43||0
|-
|2010||34||0||2||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||42||0
|-
|2011||rowspan="6"|Urawa Reds||rowspan="6"|J1 League||34||2||0||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||41||2
|-
|2012||29||0||2||0||5||1||colspan="2"|-||36||1
|-
|2013||9||0||2||0||1||0||2||0||14||0
|-
|2014||13||0||2||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|-
|2015||5||0||1||0||1||0||3||0||10||0
|-
|2016||1||0||0||0||0||0||3||0||4||0
|-
|2017||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J2 League||10||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||11||0
|-
|2018||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2019||Tokyo United FC||Regional Leagues||7||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||7||0
289||6||21||0||48||1||8||0||366||7
289||6||21||0||48||1||8||0||366||7
|}

|-
|2010||1||0
|-
|2011||1||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

References

Other websites

1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Kashiwa Reysol players
Albirex Niigata players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Tokyo Verdy players
Check is a term in chess when a player's king is attacked. If the king is in check, the player must find a way to stop the threat; he can not just ignore it. The player must do one of these things:

Capture the checking piece (with the king or another piece).
Interpose: put a piece between the checking piece and the king. This only works if the checking piece is a long-distance piece (bishop, rook or queen).
Move the king to a square which is not threatened.

If none of these works, then it is not a check but checkmate.

Checkmate 

Checkmate (often called mate) is when a player's king is attacked (in check) and there is no way to escape that attack. Or, simply put, the king is under attack and cannot get out of being captured. Giving checkmate is the main goal in chess: a player who is mated loses the game.

History 
These rules have been part of chess since its beginning. Until the early 20th century, it was customary to announce "Check!" verbally when making the move. This would be regarded as strange today; players do not address each other in competitive chess except where necessary.

Until the 19th century it was customary to warn one's opponent when attacking his queen: "Check to the queen!" Most players today do not know this was ever done.p74

References 

Chess
Tacoma is a city in Pierce County, Washington, United States.  The city is on Washington's Puget Sound.

Tacoma was named after the nearby Mount Rainier.  It was first called Mount Tahoma.

References

 
County seats in Washington
1875 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Washington (state)
The Axis of rotation is an imaginary line passing through the centre of mass of any celestial body around which the celestial body rotates. In case of Earth, the axis of rotation of Earth passes through the north pole, the centre of mass of Earth and the south pole. The Earth makes one complete rotation around this imaginary axis every 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds.The line passes through the north and south poles of a planet.

Related pages 
 Axial tilt

Celestial mechanics
Geometry