cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Golden Triangle is an unofficial name for a set of leading universities in the southern English cities of Oxford, Cambridge and London.

The University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge ('Oxbridge') form two corners of the triangle. The third is London: Imperial College, University College London, King's College London and the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). The last three are independent colleges of the University of London.  The universities within the triangle (with the exception of the LSE) attract the highest research incomes of all British universities.

However, it has been argued that it should be replaced by a term like "Brilliant Diamond", to include the University of Manchester. The figures below suggest that both the universities of Manchester and Edinburgh belong in the same class. That might better reflect the geographical spectrum of the UK higher education.

Oxford, Cambridge and some of the London institutions collaborate in research. The Global Medical Excellence Cluster (GMEC) for biomedical research was formed by Oxford, Cambridge, Imperial College, University College London, King's College London and Queen Mary University of London.

Rankings

World

Domestic

Research income

Note:

a Excludes the School of Pharmacy, which merged with UCL in January 2012; the School of Pharmacy had a research income of £8,130,000 in the period.

bThe LSE has a much lower research income, perhaps explained by its concentration on social science research.

References

Colleges and universities in the United Kingdom
The name Anna is a female given name with multiple variants. In Hebrew, it means "favor" or "grace". The variant Anne was originally French, although it has been in use in English for hundreds of years. The variant spelling Ann was originally English. There are countless famous people, queens and saints under this name and its variants. The Spanish variant Ana has been used for Atlantic tropical cyclones. There are also many composite variants of Anna, including Annabelle (which is French) and Annabella (which is Italian).

People named Anna
 Anna Soliman swan Daraw Egypt born 2006
 
 Saint Anne, known by tradition as the mother of the Virgin Mary
 Anna of Russia (1693–1740), Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740

Places
 Anna, Estonia, a village in Paide Parish, Järva County, Estonia
 Anna Regina, the capital of the Pomeroon-Supenaam Region of Guyana
 Anna, Latvia, a village in the Alūksne District, Latvia
 Anna Valley, a village in Hampshire, United Kingdom
 Anna, Kentucky, United States
 Anna, Illinois, United States
 Anna, Ohio, United States
 Anna, Texas, United States
 Lake Anna, a freshwater lake in central Virginia, United States

Rivers
 Anna River in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan
 North Anna River in Virginia, tributary of the Pamunkey River
 South Anna River in Virginia, tributary of the Pamunkey River

Given names
The Sovereign's Orb is a piece of coronation regalia. It was created for the coronation of Charles II in 1661 from the royal goldsmith Robert Viner. It is made of gold, sapphires, rubies, emeralds, amethyst, diamonds, pearls, and enamel. It has been used at all coronations and events after the one of Charles II. 

In 1671, it was damaged in Colonel Thomas Blood's attempt to steal the regalia. The Orb shows Christian sovereignty over the earth. It was set with 12 large diamonds, 30 rubies, sapphires, and emeralds for the coronation of George I in 1714. 

During the coronation ceremony, the Archbishop of Canterbury places the orb in the right hand of the Monarch. It is put back on the altar. The Monarch leaves the coronation wearing the Crown, carrying the Scepter, and holding the Orb.

William and Mary came to the throne in 1689 as King and Queen, each in their own right. An orb was made for Mary II. It is called Queen Mary's Orb. It was used once and never used again. Both orbs were placed on Queen Victoria's coffin at her funeral.

The orbs are hollow balls of gold. The Sovereign's Orb is 6.5" in diameter. It weighs 42oz 7dwt. Queen Mary's orb is smaller: it measures 5.75" in diameter. It weighs 34oz 6dwt. Queen Mary's orb was originally set with hired jewels. Today it is set with imitations for display purposes. The Sovereign's Orb is currently set with over 600 precious stones and pearls.

References

Other websites 
Photograph of the Sovereign's Orb
 Official website of the British Monarchy
 Sovereign's Orb

Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom
Symbols
The name Lucy is a French and English female given name. It is feminine for the male name Lucius (which means "as of light"). There are several celebrities with this name. Fictional characters having the name include Lucy McClane from Die Hard.
Lucy is a beautiful, happy, cheerful name.

Given names
Henrietta is a female given name. It comes from the male given name Henry. Henrietta is the English form of the French name Henriette. The short version of this name is Harriet. In some English-speaking areas, Henrietta is not used as much as it used to be. Harriet, however, is popular for certain countries. Both Henrietta and Harriet were most popular in the 1960s in United States. Henrietta itself ranked 446th in popularity in the 1990 census.

Given names
Ian William Richardson (7 April 1934 – 9 February 2007) was a Scottish actor who was well known for his role as Francis Urquhart in House of Cards. He won a Drama Desk Award in 1976.

Richardson was born on 7 April 1934 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was raised in Balgreen, Edinburgh. Richardson studied at Balgreen Primary School, at Tynecastle High School, at the George Heriot's School, and at the College of Dramatic Arts. He was married to Maroussia Frank from 1961 until his death in 2007. They had a son, Miles. Richardson died on 9 February 2007 in London, England from a heart attack, aged 72.

References

Other website

 Interview with Ian Richardson at the Theatre Archive Project
  Ian Richardson's performances in the Theatre Archive, University of Bristol
 The Guardian – Actor Ian Richardson dies
 The Guardian – obituary
 BBC – Obituary: Ian Richardson
 Ian Richardson Tribute 

1934 births
2007 deaths
Actors from Edinburgh
Cardiovascular disease deaths in England
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Drama Desk Award winners
Scottish movie actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish voice actors
Lady Elizabeth Delmé and Her Children (1779) is an oil on canvas portrait by Joshua Reynolds. It hangs in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. The sitters in the picture are Lady Elizabeth Delmé and her children John and Isabella Elizabeth. They sat for their portraits in April and June 1777. Reynolds was paid three hundred pounds for the work in 1780, and touched up and re-varnished the picture in 1789.

Reynolds believed in the what was called the "Grand Manner". The two years involved in completing the portrait would have aged the children. "But Reynolds worked from abstract principles of design rather than observation of nature," the National Gallery of Art writes, "One of his conceptions for Grand Manner likenesses was: Each person should have the expression which men of his rank generally exhibit. Reynolds therefore suppressed psychological individuality to gain a grandeur appropriate for these aristocrats."

Reynolds alluded to the Madonnas of Raphael (such as the Madonna of the Goldfinch) in the triangular configuration of the sitters.  This was another attempt to evoke the Grand Manner. Rembrandt and Titian are hinted at in the browns of the background.  

Cynthia Saltzman writes in Old Masters, New Worlds (2009) that "Lady Delmé has a long, elegant face, heavy-lidded eyes, and towering powdered hair. She wears a white dress and a cloak that covers her knees in a cascade of rose-colored satin that speaks both to her beauty and to the luxury at her command." Saltzman writes that Lady Delmé is one of the finest representatives of Reynolds's intent to raise portraiture to the level of history painting. English portraiture of the period "flattered the sitter", Saltzman explains, by depicting the sitter as a member of a powerful ruling class whose very existence made the world a better place.

References 
 NGA: Lady Elizabeth Delmé and Her Children 
 British Paintings of the Sixteenth through Nineteenth Centuries. Oxford University Press. pp. 213–215
 Saltzman, Cynthia. 2009. Old Masters, New Worlds: America's Raid on Europe's Great Pictures. Viking. Unpaged.

1770s paintings
Paintings in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
British paintings
Paintings by Joshua Reynolds
1779
St. Edward's Crown is a part of the coronation regalia. The crown was commissioned for the Coronation of Charles II on 23 April 1661 from the Crown Jeweller, Robert Viner. After the 1689 coronation of William III, its importance diminished. It was often carried in procession and set on the altar rather than placed on the Monarch's head. The Imperial State Crown was used instead for the actual crowning. It was not until George V's coronation in 1911 that the crown resumed its traditional place.

The present St Edward's Crown contains much of the crown made in 1661 for the coronation of King Charles II. The crown is made of gold. It weighs 71oz 14dwt. It was set with hired stones for the coronations and then reset with imitations for display purposes. In 1911 it was fitted with 444 semi-precious stones. The crown frame dates to 1661 but it is possible that it (or parts of it) were constructed from a pre-Restoration crown. Materials used include gold, silver, platinum, enamel, tourmalines, topazes, rubies, amethysts, sapphires, garnet, peridot, zircons, spinel, aquamarines, velvet, and ermine.

At a coronation, the Archbishop of Canterbury takes the crown from the altar and places it reverently upon the Monarch's head. "God save the King/Queen" is heard. The princes and princesses, the peers and peeresses put on their coronets and caps. The trumpets sound and a royal salute is fired at the Tower of London. After the crowning, the Monarch is enthroned and receives the homage of the clergy, princes, and peers.

References

Other websites  
 Official website of the British Monarchy
 St Edward's Crown

Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom
Symbols
Roxanne is a female given name. The name is based on the Greek name Roxane. Roxane comes from the Persian word Roschana, which means "dawn of day". The name was ranked 389 in the 1990 U.S. Census. It fell out of the top 1000 girls names in the 21st century. The name has been popular in Australia and Canada, however. This name was used for a damaging hurricane in 1995. It was also the title of a single from music group The Police in the 1980s.

Given names
Dietrich Bonhoeffer (4 February 1906 in Breslau – 9 April 1945 in Flossenbürg concentration camp) was an important Lutheran pastor from Germany who was killed by the Nazis during World War II. He is known partly for his belief that killing Adolf Hitler was a moral act. In his early life he believed that all Jews should turn into Christians, but supported them anyway. He disagreed with the general anti-semitism and so created a theological college. He wrote a book called The Cost of Discipleship about following Christianity.  

Two days after Hitler became Chancellor, Bonhoeffer made a radio speech against him. Later, with Martin Niemöller and others, he started the anti-Nazi Confessing Church. Eventually he became part of the attempt by Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg to assassinate Hitler, but was arrested and executed, three weeks before Hitler killed himself. He was hanged days before the liberation of the POW camp where he was imprisoned.

References

1906 births
1945 deaths
Christian ministers
Executed German people
German Lutherans
German people of World War II
German theologians
People executed by hanging
People from former German territories
People from Wrocław
Victims of Nazism
Tiffany is a female given name. There are several different ways to spell it. The name is English for the Greek name Theophania. Tiffany was formerly given to children who were born near Epiphany. There are several celebrities under the name, including singer Tiffany Darwish.

Given names
Geraldine is a female given name. It is a female version of the name Gerald. The name means "ruler of spear". There are many famous people having the name, such as Geraldine Ferraro, Geri Halliwell and Geraldine James.

Given names
The Imperial State Crown is one of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom and symbolises the sovereignty of the monarch.  The crown has existed in several versions since the 15th century.  

The modern version of the Imperial State Crown is of a design somewhat similar to that of St Edward's Crown, but shorter and encrusted with jewels: it includes a base of four crosses alternating with four fleurs-de-lis, above which are four half-arches surmounted by a cross. Inside is a purple velvet cap with an ermine border. The Imperial State Crown includes many precious gems, including 2,868 diamonds, 273 pearls, 17 sapphires, 11 emeralds, and 5 rubies.

The crown includes several famous jewels. The cross at the top is set with a stone known as St. Edward's Sapphire, a sapphire taken from the ring (or possibly coronet) of Edward the Confessor. The Black Prince's Ruby (actually a spinel) is set on the front cross pattée; the famous Cullinan II, or Lesser Star of Africa, is set on the front; and the back band contains the  Stuart Sapphire. The crown also contains Queen Elizabeth’s Pearls.

When not in use, it is kept with the other Crown Jewels on display at the Jewel House in the Tower of London.

References 

Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom
James (Son Of Alphaeus') was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Levi is also called son of Alphaeus in the Gospel of Mark 2:14 so tradition has them as brothers but the New Testament does not state this, unlike the sons of Zebedee, Saint James and John.

Twelve Apostles
The name Nancy is a female given name. It comes off Hannah, meaning "grace". The name was originally a nickname for girls. However, from the 18th century onward, Nancy became a proper name. Many famous people have the name, including Nancy Pelosi and Nancy Kerrigan.

Given names
Narayanganj (, ) is a district in central Bangladesh. It is part of the Dhaka Division. The main city of the district is Narayanganj.

Dhaka Division
Ho Jong-suk (; July 16, 1908 – June 5, 1991) was a Korean politician, journalist and independence activist. One of her main topics of interest was feminism. Her courtesy name was Jongja(정자, 貞子) and her pen name was Sukayi(수가이, 秀嘉伊).

Works 
 In Grace Lover (은혜로운 사랑 속에서)
 Democraticism founder days (민주건국의 나날에)
 Historical rememories of great loves (위대한 사랑의 력사를 되새기며)

Site web 

 Heo Jong-suk:britannica  
 Heo Jong-suk  
 Heo Jong-suk 
 허정숙 
 정치 노여류혁명가 허정숙 여사를 추모하여 
 Heo Jong-suk 
 Heo Jong-suk 

1902 births
1991 deaths
Feminists
Journalists
Korean politicians
Autobiographers
Feni  () is a small district in southeastern Bangladesh. It is part of the Chittagong Division.

Administration
Feni district was established on February 15,
1984. It has six upazillas, 45 union parishads,
and approximately 570 villages. The upazillas are:
1. Feni Sadar
2. Sonagazi
3. Fhulgazi
4. Chagalnaiya
5. Daganbhuiyan
6. Parshuram

Districts of Bangladesh
Noakhali () is a district in south-eastern Bangladesh. It is in the Chittagong Division.

Districts of Bangladesh
Lakshmipur or Laxmipur District (, Lakshmipur Jela also Lakshmipur Zila)  with an area of 1455.96 km², is a district of Bangladesh. It is bordered by Chandpur District to the north, Bhola and Noakhali districts to the south, Noakhali District to the east, and Barisal and Bhola districts to the west.

Subdivisions
The upazilas under this district are:
Lakshmipur Sadar Upazila
Raipur Upazila
Ramganj Upazila
Ramgati Upazila
Kamalnagar Upazila

The district of Lakshmipur consists 3539 mosques, 45 temples, 1 churches.

Notable residents
 Mohammad Mohammadullah, (3rd President of Bangladesh), 24 December 1973 – 25 January 1975
 Mohammad Toaha, language activist of the Bengali Language Movement and politician
 A. S. M. Abdur Rab, Bangladeshi politician. 
 Mohammad Noman, political leader of Jatiyo Party. 
 Selina Parvin, (19311971), journalist and poet, martyr of Bangladesh War of Independence, was born in Ramganj Upazila

References

Other websites

 DC Office, Lakshmipur 

Districts of Bangladesh
Shatkhira () is a district in south-western Bangladesh. It is part of Khulna Division.

Districts of Bangladesh
Bagerhat () is a district in south-western Bangladesh. It is a part of the Khulna Division.

Districts of Bangladesh
The name Erin is an Irish and English female name. It comes from the ancient name for Ireland. The name first became popular around the United States. Erin is one of the twenty most-often used female names in Wales. There are many famous people with this name. It is being used on Atlantic tropical cyclones.

Given names
Berthe Marie Pauline Morisot (; January 14, 1841 – March 2, 1895) was an Impressionist painter. She was born in Bourges, France, and died in Paris.

In the 1860s, she studied with Camille Corot. She exhibited at the 1865 Salon. Morisot met artist Édouard Manet in 1868.  Manet painted her portrait several times. The two had great influence on one another's work. In 1874, she married his brother, Eugène.

She exhibited at the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874. Morisot worked in oils, pastels, and watercolor. Her pictures are light and delicate. They typically depict women and children in everyday domestic life.

Many critics ridiculed the Impressionists. Morisot was not spared. She was never commercially successful during her lifetime. During her lifetime however, she outsold prominent Impressionists Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Alfred Sisley.

Gallery

References 

French painters
Impressionist painters
Henri Julien Félix Rousseau (; 21 May 1844 – 2 September 1910) was a post-Impressionist painter. He was born at Laval, Mayenne. He worked a variety of jobs (saxophonist, toll collector) before beginning to paint at age 40. He was known as Le Douanier ("the customs officer").

From 1886 onwards, he exhibited at the Salon des Indépendents. In 1905, he began exhibiting at the Salon d'Automne.

François Mathey wrote: "Rousseau is considered to be the greatest master of naïve painting, for his art combines a spontaneous vision of reality with an imaginary universe of great plastic and poetical power, in which he allied audacity with innocence, monumental composition with minute detail".

Some critics ridiculed him for his style, but he came to be recognized as a self-taught genius. Rousseau's work had a great influence on many avant-garde artists.

He had an unhappy love affair in his last months. He died in Paris in 1910.

He painted a few pictures of the Rainforests, and his pictures were very busy.some of His paintings are very famous around the world.he died on september the 2..

Gallery

References 

French painters
1844 births
1910 deaths
Inferno is a distributed operating system made by Bells Labs and Vita Nuova Holdings based on ideas and technology from Plan 9 from Bell Labs. The three main principles behind Inferno's design are:

Resources as files: all resources are represented as files within a hierarchical file system
Namespaces: the application view of the network is a single, coherent namespace that appears as a hierarchical file system but may represent physically separated (locally or remotely) resources
Standard communication protocol: a standard protocol 9P is used to access all resources, both local and remote

As a distributed operating system (i.e. an operating system working across and connecting multiple machines and devices together), Inferno is also designed to be able to operated on a variety of computer architectures. It can also be operated on top of other operating systems, such as Unix, Microsoft Windows, or Google's Android operating system. In order to make Inferno applications as portable to other computer architectures as the Inferno operating system, Inferno applications are written in a programing language called Limbo and run inside Inferno's Dis virtual machine.

References

Other websites
Inferno at vitanuova.com

Operating systems
Cynthia is a female given name that comes from Greek word kynthia. There are several different versions for this name. One short version is Cindy. There are many well known people under the name, including Cynthia McKinney and Cynthia Nixon. The short version, Cindy, is being used for Atlantic Basin tropical cyclones.

People
 Cynthia Dobrinski (born 1950), handbell composer
 Cynthia Gibb (born 1963), American actress
 Cynthia Tse Kimberlin, American ethnomusicologist
 Cynthia McKinney (born 1955), American politician
 Lady Cynthia Mosley (1898–1933), British politician
 Cynthia Myers (1950-2011),  actress
 Cynthia Nixon (born 1966), American actress
 Cynthia Ortega (born 1956), Dutch politician
 Cynthia Watros (born 1968), American actress

Places
 Cynthia Peninsula, a peninsula in northeastern Ontario, Canada
 Cynthia, Alberta, a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada

Given names
The name Amber is a female given name. It comes from the word amber. This comes from the Arabic word anbar. The name is a very popular name for English-speaking areas. It was the 165th most popular for the United States in 2008. The name ranked among the top 25 most popular girl's names between 1980 and 1997. It ranked among the top 100 most used female names in Canada, Western Europe and Australia. There are some celebrities with the name, including Amber Heard.

People
 Amber (performer), a pop music/dance music performer and singer
 Amber Hagerman, American murder victim, after whom the AMBER Alert was named
 Amber Heard, American actress
 Amber Littlejohn, Native American professional figure competitor
 Amber Merritt, Australian wheelchair basketball player

Television characters
 Amber, a character in the television series Hannah Montana
 Amber Volakis, a character from the television series House

Given names
Jacqueline is a female given name. It has many variants. One variant is Jackie. This is the feminine version for male name Jacques. Jacques is a French version of Jacob. Jacqueline was first used in the United Kingdom during the 17th century. The name is very popular in France, the United States, Australia, Canada and western Europe. Many famous people have Jacqueline and its related variants for their name.

Given names
Marilyn vos Savant (born August 11, 1946 in St. Louis) is an American magazine columnist, playwright and author. She became very famous in the Guinness Book of World Records category for the highest IQ. Since 1986, she has hosted Parade magazine's "Ask Marilyn" column. In the column she answers the questions from readers on a variety of subjects.

References

American columnists
American playwrights
Writers from St. Louis, Missouri
1946 births
Living people
Stanley Frank "Stan" Musial (born Stanisław Franciszek Musiał; November 21, 1920 – January 19, 2013) or Stan the Man was an American professional baseball player who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals (1941–1963).  He is the National League's all-time leader in doubles, among many other records for doubles.

President Barack Obama presented Musial with Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest honor that can be given to a civilian, at the White House on February 15, 2011. Musial was a first-ballot inductee to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1969. He began to play baseball in 1941 until his retirement in 1963.

Musial was born on November 21, 1920 in Donora, Pennsylvania. He had Czech and Polish parents. He studied at the University of Pittsburgh.

Musial was married to the former Lillian Labash from 1940 until her death in May 2012. They had four children. Musial died on January 19, 2013 in the St. Louis suburb of Ladue, Missouri from natural causes, aged 92. He died on the same day as Earl Weaver.

References

Other websites

Stan Musial: The Man  – slideshow by Life magazine
The Sporting News  – interview with Stan Musial and Tony Gwynn, July 1997

1920 births
2013 deaths
American baseball players
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
National League All-Stars
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
St. Louis Cardinals players
Earl Sidney Weaver (August 14, 1930 – January 19, 2013) was an American professional baseball player and manager. After playing in minor league baseball, he retired without playing in Major League Baseball (MLB). He became a minor league manager, and then managed in MLB for 17 years with the Baltimore Orioles (1968–1982; 1985–1986). He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1996.

Weaver was born on August 14, 1930 in St. Louis, Missouri. He was raised in Baltimore, Maryland. Weaver was married to Jane Johnston for fourteen years unti they divorced. Then he was married to Marianna Osgood from 1964 until his death in 2013. He had four children. Weaver died on January 19, 2013 while on a cruise ship in the Caribbean Sea from a heart attack, aged 82. He died on the same day as Stan Musial.

References

Other websites

Video of Earl Weaver arguing with an umpire, and being ejected from the game 

1930 births
2013 deaths
American baseball players
Sportspeople from Baltimore
Major League Baseball managers
Baltimore Orioles
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Sportspeople from St. Louis, Missouri
Screaming Trees were an American grunge band from Ellensburg, Washington.

The band was formed in 1985 by brothers Gary Lee Conner and Van Conner. The band formed because the members had an interest in the punk, garage, and classic rock genres in high school.

They released their debut album, Clairvoyance, on January 1, 1986. The band gained fame from the early 1990s grunge movement along with bands like Alice in Chains, Nirvana, Stone Temple Pilots, Soundgarden and Pearl Jam. The band broke up in 2000.

Band members 
Mark Lanegan - lead vocals, guitar (1985–2000)
Gary Lee Conner - guitar, backing vocals (1985–2000)
Van Conner - bass, backing vocals (1985–2000)
Mark Pickerel - drums (1985–1991)
Barrett Martin - drums, percussion, backing vocals (1991–2000)
Donna Dresch - bass (1988, 1991) (touring)
Sean Hollister - drums (1991) (touring)
Dan Peters - drums (1991) (touring)
Josh Homme - rhythm guitar (1996-1998) (touring)

Discography

Albums
Clairvoyance (1986)
Even If and Especially When (1987)
Invisible Lantern (1988)
Buzz Factory (1989)
Uncle Anesthesia (1991)
Sweet Oblivion (1992)
Dust (1996)
Last Words: The Final Recordings (2011)
 
EPs
 Other Worlds (1985)
 Beat Happening/Screaming Trees EP (1988)
 Something About Today (1990)
 Change Has Come (1991)
 Winter Songs Tour Tracks (1992)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1985 establishments in the United States
2000 disestablishments in the United States
Grunge bands
Musical groups from Washington
1980s establishments in Washington (state)
Musical groups established in 1985
Musical groups disestablished in 2000
2000s disestablishments in Washington (state)
Mohammad Razizan Abdul Razak (born 15 April 1984), better known as Zizan Razak, is a Malaysian comedian. He is also a television host, actor, and most recently a rapper and a singer. He has also been in several reality television shows. He was runner-up (second place) in the first season of Raja Lawak (King of Comedy), a competition for comedians. In it he was known as "Zizan Raja Lawak". He was also a participant in Maharaja Lawak (Emperor of Comedy), which was a second series of competitions for the finalists of each season of Raja Lawak. In the show, he was paired (as a team) with Johan Raja Lawak. They were known as "Jozan". They came second in the series, and won RM 250 thousand. Zizan was also in the reality show Super Spontan, which he won and took the prize of RM 100,000 and a Toyota Camry.

Personal
Zizan was born in Dungun, Terengganu. He is the younger of two siblings.

In 2011, Zizan was rumoured to be dating with Juliana Evans after starring together in the movie Hantu Bonceng. They later acted together in Mael Lambong.

Filmography

Television
Bolos
Jozan Show
Funniest Pets & Peoples
Konsert Lawak
Zizan Show
Melodi

Reality shows
Raja Lawak
Spontan
Redah Kasi Pecah
Jangan Lupa Lirik: Raya Raya Raya!! 2010
Anda Ada 60 Saat
Maharaja Lawak
Mega Raya 2011
Super Spontan
Lawak Ke Der?
Lawak Ke Der?2
Clever Edisi Malaysia
Maharaja Lawak Mega 2012

Telemovies
Drogba & Rooney (2011)
Chapalrela
Oh My Ganu (Oh My English)

Controversy

Hantu Bonceng film
Zizan was asked to say sorry for something he said in the comedy Hantu Bonceng in September 2011. It was said to insult Islam. Dewan Pemuda PAS Malaysia condemned what they saw as a clear insult to Allah. They referred to Zizan saying "Ashaduanna Muhammadar...syaitan", which means "I bear witness that Muhammad is ... the devil". Ustaz Azhar Idrus, an Islamic leader in Terengganu, also asked Zizan to repent to Allah.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites
 Zizan Raja Lawak  in Sinema Malaysia
Akaun Facebook Zizan Raja Lawak 
Akaun Twitter Zizan Raja Lawak
Zizan Fanpage

1984 births
Living people
Malaysian actors
Comedians
Cabin Boy is a 1994 fantasy comedy movie directed by Adam Resnick and co-produced by Tim Burton, which starred comedian Chris Elliott. Elliott co-wrote the movie with Resnick. Both men worked for Late Night with David Letterman in the 1980s, as well as co-creating the short-lived FOX sitcom Get a Life in the early 1990s.

The project was originally to be directed by Tim Burton, who had contacted Chris Elliott after seeing Get a Life. Resnick took over after Burton was offered the movie Ed Wood.

Cast
Chris Elliott as Nathaniel Mayweather
Andy Richter as Kenny
David Letterman as Old Salt In Fishing Village (credited as Earl Hofert)
Mike Starr as Mulligan the Giant
Jim Cummings as the Floating Cupcake (voice)
Brion James as Big Teddy
Brian-Doyle Murray as Skunk
Ritch Brinkley as Captain Greybar
Melora Walters as Trina
Bob Elliott as William Mayweather

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 

1994 movies
American movies
English-language movies
Movies about giants
Skinner is a 1993 independent movie, splatter and slasher motion picture starring Ted Raimi, Traci Lords, Ricki Lake and Richard Schiff.

Synopsis
Dennis Skinner is a likeable decent-looking lad, who is driven by a disturbing childhood; moonlights as a skid row slasher style, serial killer who tends to prey on hookers, in-between those co-workers of his who despise him as he does in return. Who punishes those (he finds offensive) in particular, by flaying his victims alive. On his trail is Heidi, a junkie prostitute, who survived one of his brutal attacks and now strives for revenge.

Cast
 Ted Raimi as Dennis Skinner 
 Traci Lords as Heidi
 Ricki Lake as Kerry Tate
 Richard Schiff as Eddie
 David Warshofsky as Geoff Tate 
 Blaire Baron as Gloria
 Christina Englehardt as Rachel
 Time Winters as Night watchman
 Roberta Eaton as Sandy 
 Dewayne Williams as Earl
 Frederika Kesten as Suzanne
 Sara Lee Froton as Young Woman

Other websites

1993 movies
American independent movies
Martha is a female given name. It means "mistress" or "the lady". The name has been around through many centuries. Martha of Bethany is a very notable person who has the name. She is described in the Gospel of John and the Gospel of Luke. There are other people with this female name, including Martha Stewart, Martha McSally and Martha Coakley. The name was used for an Atlantic hurricane in 1969.

Given names
Danielle is a female given name. It is feminine of the name Daniel. Daniel is Hebrew for "God is my judge". Danielle is a strongly popular female name for certain countries. There are many variants for this name. Famous people by the name include Danielle Steel and Danielle Fishel. This name is currently being used on Atlantic tropical cyclones.

Given names
Walter C. "Wally" Pfister (born July 8, 1961) is an Academy Award-winning American cinematographer and movie director who is known for his cinematography in Batman Begins, Memento, Moneyball, Insomnia, The Dark Knight, Inception, and in The Dark Knight Rises. He began his directing career in the 2014 movie Transcendence.

Pfister was born on July 8, 1961 in Chicago, Illinois. He was raised both in Chicago and in New York City, New York. Pfister was married to Anna Julien since 1992. They had three children.

References

Other websites
A Conversation with Wally Pfister

1961 births
Living people
Academy Award winners
American cinematographers
Movie directors from Chicago
Movie directors from New York City
Rajbari (, Rajbari Jela or Rajbari Zila) is a district in central Bangladesh. It is a part of the Dhaka Division.

References

Districts of Bangladesh
Gopalganj () is a district of Bangladesh. It is part of the Dhaka Division.

Districts of Bangladesh
Madaripur is a district in central Bangladesh. It is a part of the Dhaka Division.

Districts of Bangladesh
Shariatpur (,  or ) is a district of central Bangladesh. It is part of the Dhaka Division.

Districts of Bangladesh
Kushtia () is a district in the Khulna Division of west Bangladesh. It is next to the river Gorai.

Districts of Bangladesh
Chuadanga (; Chuađaņa) is a district in western Bangladesh. It is a part of the Khulna Division.

Districts of Bangladesh
Meherpur () is a small district in south-western Bangladesh. It is part of the Khulna Division.

Districts of Bangladesh
Jhenidah is a district in southwestern Bangladesh. It is a part of the Khulna Division.

Districts of Bangladesh
Magura () is a district in south-western part of Bangladesh. It is a part of the Khulna Division.

Districts of Bangladesh
Narail (, ) is a district in south-western Bangladesh. It is a part of the Khulna Division.

Districts of Bangladesh
Chemical kinetics, also called reaction kinetics, is studying how fast chemical reactions go. This includes studying how different conditions such as temperature, pressure or solvent used affect the speed of a reaction. Chemical kinetics can also be used to find out about reaction mechanisms and transition states.

The basic idea of chemical kinetics is called collision theory. This states that for a reaction to happen, the molecules must hit each other. Ways of increasing the speed of the reaction must therefore increase the number of hits. This can be done in many ways.

With experiments it is possible to calculate reaction rates from which you can get rate laws and rate constants. A rate law is a mathematical expression with which you can calculate the speed of a reaction given the concentration of the reagents.

Order of a reaction 
the equilibrium is dynamic in nature

There are many types of rate laws, but the most common are:
zero-order reaction: the speed does not depend on the concentration
first-order reaction: the speed depends on the concentration of only one reactant
second-order reaction: the speed depends on the concentration of two reactants, or on the concentration of one reactant squared.

From this data, it is possible to think about the mechanism of the reaction. If it is second-order, for example, then it is likely that both molecules in the reaction are coming together during the rate-determining step. This is the most difficult step in the mechanism to go through, because it has the highest activation energy.

Chemical kinetics
Rósa Arianna McGowan (born September 5, 1973), better known as Rose McGowan, is an American former actress, model, singer, and author. She is best known to television audiences for her role as Paige Matthews in The WB supernatural drama series Charmed (2001–2006), and also for her recurring role in ABC's long running fantasy series Once Upon a Time as young Cora Mills.

McGowan made her film debut in the comedy Encino Man (1992), wherein she played a small role. Her performance as Amy Blue in Gregg Araki's dark comedy The Doom Generation (1995) brought her wider attention, and she received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for her performance. McGowan appeared as Tatum Riley in the horror film Scream (1996) and starred alongside Ben Affleck in the coming-of-age feature Going All the Way (1997). She appeared in several Hollywood films, including Devil in the Flesh (1998), Jawbreaker (1999), Ready to Rumble (2000), Monkeybone (2001), and The Black Dahlia (2006). McGowan played Ann-Margret, alongside Jonathan Rhys Meyers as Elvis Presley, in the CBS miniseries Elvis (2005). She starred in Planet Terror (2007) and had a supporting role in Death Proof (2007), both part of the double-feature film directed by Robert Rodriguez and Quentin Tarantino, Grindhouse. Next, she starred in the crime thriller film Fifty Dead Men Walking (2008).

In 1996, McGowan was the cover model for the Henry Mancini tribute album Shots in the Dark, and she was the face of the American clothing company Bebe from 1998 to 1999. She has also appeared on numerous magazine covers, including Seventeen, Interview, Maxim, GQ, Entertainment Weekly, and Rolling Stone.

After the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse scandal broke and the #MeToo movement began, McGowan has been a supportive figure speaking out against harassment.

In March 2018, McGowan came out as non-binary. February 2021, McGowan became a permanent resident of Mexico and lives in Tulum, Quintana Roo.

References
 

1973 births
Living people
American feminist writers
American LGBT rights activists
American models
American movie actors
American voice actors
American television actors
American movie directors
American screenwriters
American autobiographers
Singers from Oregon
Writers from Oregon
Actors from Portland, Oregon
Singers from Washington
Writers from Washington
Actors from Seattle, Washington
People from Florence
People with non-binary gender identities
Rose is a female given name based on the flower.

Origin
This feminine name comes from a late Latin word rosa.

Variants
There are many variants. One of them is Rosemary.

Uses
The name Rose is currently under List One of the Atlantic tropical cyclone names.

Given names
The 300 Spartans is a 1962 Cinemascope movie depicting the Battle of Thermopylae. It was shot in the village of Perachora in the Peloponnese. It stars Richard Egan as the Spartan king Leonidas I, Ralph Richardson as Themistocles of Athens, and David Farrar as Persian king Xerxes. Diane Baker as Ellas and Barry Coe as Phylon provide the romantic element. 

The movie is about a force of Greek warriors led by 300 Spartans which fights against an enormous  Persian army. The Spartans will not flee or surrender, even if it means their deaths. 

When it was released in 1962, critics saw the movie as a commentary on the Cold War. It was impossible to shoot at Thermopylae. The sea had receded about 3 miles farther away from the narrow pass. Some 5,000 members of the Royal Hellenic Army were loaned by the King of Greece to portray both the Spartans and the Persians.

Ancient Greece
English-language movies
1962 movies
American movies
Movies directed by Rudolph Maté‏‎
In a chemical reaction, the transition state is the point where there is a maximum value of energy. This energy is called the activation energy. When two or more molecules are mixed, they will hit each other. If they hit with enough energy to go through the transition state, they will react and form new molecules. At the transition state, new bonds are formed while the old ones are broken. In a graph or a drawing, the transition state is often marked with the double dagger ‡ symbol.

It is very difficult to study a transition state. This is because it is so high in energy that the molecules will stay in that form for a very short time, usually femtoseconds. It is important not to confuse transition states with intermediates. Intermediates are found at minimum points of energy, and they can live for a very long time. Like a transition state, however, an intermediate is between reagents and products of a reaction.

Studying transition states is very important to understand reaction mechanisms. There are theories and computer programs that can be used to calculate how the transition state looks like. This is a part of chemical kinetics.

References 

Chemical kinetics
The Winged Victory of Samothrace (or Nike of Samothrace) is a Parian marble sculpture now in the Louvre, Paris, France.  It is believed to have been made about 190 BC. It was discovered in 1863. It commemorates Nike, the Greek victory in a sea battle near Samothrace. It stands 2.44 m high. The work presents a pose where violent motion and sudden stillness meet. It is notable for its graceful balance and for the rendering of the figure's draped garments, depicted as if rippling in a strong sea breeze.

References 
 

Ancient Greece
Ancient Greek marble sculptures
Ancient Greek and Roman statues
The activation energy of a chemical reaction is the minimum energy that is needed to make the reaction happen. It usually has the symbol Ea and it is measured in kilojoule per mole. It can be thought of as a barrier between the reagents and the products of a reaction. The activation energy is the difference in energy between the transition state and the starting reagents.

Arrhenius equation 
This equation is a way of calculating the activation energy. Its form is:

Here, k is the rate constant of the reaction (which can be measured using chemical kinetics), A is a frequency factor, R is the universal gas constant, T is the temperature. If we measure how fast the reaction goes at different temperatures, then we can make a graph and calculate the activation energy using this equation.

Catalysis 
When using a catalyst the activation energy is made smaller. This means that the reaction can go faster at the same temperature. The catalyst does not change the energy of the reagents or the products. Also, the catalyst does not change in the reaction. Therefore, it can be used again and again and only a small amount of a catalyst is needed. 

Chemical kinetics

References
300 is a graphic novel written and drawn by Frank Miller and colored by Lynn Varley. It tells the story of the Spartans, the Persians, and the Battle of Thermopylae. The individual volumes were collected and reprinted in their entire by Dark Horse in 1999. Publishers Weekly wrote: "Form and content are ideally wedded: Miller's writing is stark, his drawings moody and dramatic, and intensified by Varley's grimly appropriate palette of earth and blood. The reader can see and feel the harshness of both the Grecian landscape and Sparta's battle-worshipping culture, as Miller presents the complex historical moment facing the 300." The novel was made into a movie.

Ancient Greece
Novels
The Sacred Band of Thebes was an elite fighting unit within the ancient Theban army of the 4th century BC. The earliest surviving record of the Sacred Band by name was made in 324 BC. The unit was comprised of 150 male lovers.  It was believed these men would make better warriors. Plutarch (46–120 AD) is the source of the most substantial surviving account of the Sacred Band. In his Life of Pelopidas Plutarch wrote, "Since the lovers, ashamed to be base in sight of their beloved, and the beloved before their lovers, willingly rush into danger for the relief of one another." The band was reportedly organized by the Theban commander Gorgidas in 378 BC. Male couples were originally dispersed throughout the ranks of the army. It was later decided to create a separate squad. The squad played a crucial role in the Battle of Leuctra. It was completely destroyed by Philip II of Macedon in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC.

References

Ancient Greece
Thebes, Greece
Themistocles (?524 BC-?460 BC) was an Ancient Greek Athenian politician and general. He fought against the Persians at the Battle of Marathon as a young man. He later persuaded Athens to build a navy which he commanded in the defeat of the Persians at the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC.

After the war he became unpopular and had to leave. He went to work for the Persian Empire.

References

Ancient Greek military people
Ancient Greek politicians
Generals
The Greek shield of Ancient Greece was called a hoplon or aspis. It was from this word that hoplite (a Greek soldier) is derived. 

A hoplon was a deeply-dished shield made of wood. Some shields had a thin sheet of bronze on the outer face. This was placed just around the rim. In some periods, the shield was decorated. At other times, it remained undecorated. These large shields were designed for a mass of hoplites to push forward into the opposing army, and it was their most essential equipment. The shield was carried in the left hand. It was used by Spartans as a weapon of attack.

Probably the most famous decoration is the Spartan. This was a capital lambda (Λ). From the late 5th century BC onward, Athenian hoplites usually used the Little Owl (Athena's sacred bird). The shields of Theban hoplites were sometimes decorated with a sphinx, or the club of Herakles.

References 

Ancient Greece
Military
Breadfruit is the name for an evergreen tree in the mulberry family. Originally, the tree grew in Southeast Asia. It has been cultivated and is grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Central and South America and the Caribbean. The tree can reach a height of up to . The breadfruit is the fruit of this tree. The fruits contain a lot of starch - much like potatoes; they are ground to make flour, which can then be used for baking.

Ancestors of the Polynesians found the trees growing in the northwest New Guinea area around 3,500 years ago. They gave up the rice cultivation they had brought with them from Taiwan, and raised breadfruit instead. They took the trees with them wherever they went in the Pacific. The exceptions were Easter Island and New Zealand: both places were too cold to grow the trees. Their ancient eastern Indonesian cousins spread the plant west and north through insular and coastal Southeast Asia. In historical times, it has also been widely planted in tropical regions elsewhere.

The Mutiny on the Bounty was caused by breadfruit trees: In 1787, William Bligh was ordered to load a number of these trees on Tahiti and to ship them to the Caribbean; there they would serve as a cheap food for the slaves working on plantations. The main plantations at the time were those of sugarcane. This was the first attempt a government made to grow an economically important plant at a different location. The attempt failed, because the seamen did not understand why the drinking water supply was used to water the plants; they threw the plants overboard.

Bligh was able to ship the trees in a second voyage: Arriving in the Caribbean, he faced a different problem: The slaves there did not accept breadfruit as a replacement for cereals. Bligh won the Royal Society medal for his efforts, even though the introduction was not entirely successful. Although most slaves refused to eat the new food, breadfruit was accepted into the cuisine of Puerto Rico.

References

Moraceae
Hill Top is a 17th-century Lakeland farm once in the possession of children's author Beatrix Potter. She bought the farm house as a retreat from London in 1896 at a time when she was making a significant amount of money from her stories. She used the farm as a place to develop her stories. Many of these stories (such as Jemima Puddleduck and Tom Kitten) were set on the farm. Farm furniture, the ponds, and other elements were used as props in her books. 

Potter married William Heelis when she was 47. She moved across the road to Castle Cottage. She kept Hill Top though to house her collections of china, the "Two Bad Mice" doll house furniture, and other things. She continued to use the house as a retreat. She willed the houses and a large acreage to the National Trust in 1944. Hill Top is located near Sawrey in Cumbria. It is between Esthwaite Water and Windermere, 2 miles south-east of Hawksmoor.

References 
 Robin Fedden and Rosemary Joekes. 1973. The National Trust Guide to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Norton. 3rd edition. pages 138-139.

Buildings and structures in England
Arlette Pinheiro Esteves Torres (born October 16, 1929 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian actress. She is best known for her leading role in Central Station, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress.

References

Other websites 

1929 births
Living people
Brazilian actors
People from Rio de Janeiro