cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jensen Ross Ackles (born March 1, 1978) is an American television actor. He is best known for his role as Dean Winchester in the television series Supernatural (2005–present). He has also appeared in other television shows such as Days of Our Lives, Dark Angel and Smallville.
 
Ackles was born in Dallas, Texas. He is the son of Alan Ackles, also an actor. He has been married to Danneel Harris since 2010. The couple have three children.

References

Other websites

1978 births
Living people
Actors from Dallas, Texas
American movie actors
American television actors
"Ice Ice Baby" is a hip hop single performed by Vanilla Ice. It samples the 1981 song "Under Pressure" by Queen and David Bowie. It appeared on his 1989 studio album Hooked. It later appeared on his other album To the Extreme.

"Ice Ice Baby" was first released as the B-side to a cover version of "Play That Funky Music". The original version of "Play That Funky Music" was a well-liked and popular song with the listening audiences. The cover version was not liked much, so the single was not selling well. But a disc jockey decided to play "Ice Ice Baby" instead of the single's A-side. Once the public heard this song, it became more successful than "Play That Funky Music".

The song hit #1 on Billboard Hot 100.

References

Hip hop songs
1990 songs
Two Wives is a Philippine television drama series. It is broadcast by ABS-CBN.

Other websites
Official website

2014 Philippine television series debuts
Philippine television series
A restriction enzyme is an enzyme that cuts DNA at particular places. It works at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as "restriction sites".  To cut DNA, all restriction enzymes make two incisions, once through each strand of the DNA double helix.

These enzymes are found in bacteria and archaea and defend them against invading viruses, which are bacteriophages.

Inside a prokaryote, the restriction enzymes selectively cut up foreign DNA in a process called restriction. The host DNA is protected by another enzyme which protects the host DNA and blocks cleavage. Together, these two processes are the restriction modification system. It is the earliest and simplest immune system. They are also a kind of selfish, mobile genetic element.

Over 3000 restriction enzymes have been studied in detail, and more than 600 of these are available commercially. These enzymes are routinely used for DNA modification in laboratories, and are a vital tool in molecular cloning.

Origins 
Restriction enzymes probably evolved from a common ancestor and became widespread by horizontal gene transfer. In addition, there is growing evidence that restriction endonucleases evolved as a selfish genetic element.

Related pages 
Zinc finger
Gene editing
CRISPR

References 

Enzymes
DNA
Immunology
Microbiology
Genetic engineering
Selfish DNA is a term for sequences of DNA that have two distinct properties: 
 the DNA sequence spreads by forming additional copies of itself within the genome; and 
 it makes no specific contribution to the reproductive success of its host organism. (It may or may not have significant negative effects.)

In his 1976 book, The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins suggested the idea of selfish DNA when the noncoding DNA in eukaryotic genomes was discovered. In 1980, two articles in the journal Nature expanded and discussed the concept. According to one of these articles:

Normal genetically functional DNA might be seen as "replicating entities" that effect their replication by manipulating the cell that they control. In contrast, units of selfish DNA  may exploit existing mechanisms in the cell, and multiply without affecting the fitness of the organism in other respects.

There is no sharp boundary between the concepts of selfish DNA and genetically functional DNA. Often it also is difficult to see if a unit of noncoding DNA is functionally important or not; or if important, in what way. What is more, it is not always easy to distinguish between some instances of selfish DNA and some types of viruses.

History of the idea 
The idea that some genetic elements might not be useful to the organism is not a new one. In 1928, a Russian geneticist reported an X chromosome in Drosophila obscura. He claimed that the resulting female-biased sex ratio might drive a population extinct.

In 1941 it was first suggested that there might be a conflict between normal inherited nuclear genes from both parents and  mitochondrial genes from one parent (the female). It could lead to cytoplasmic male sterility in plants.

Around the same time, several other examples of selfish genetic elements were reported. For example, a maize geneticist described how chromosomal knobs led to female meiotic drive in maize. Meiotic drive is when one copy of a gene is passed on to offspring more than the expected 50% of the time.

The Swedish botanist and cytogeneticist Gunnar Östergren in 1945 noted how chromosomes may spread in a population because of their own ”parasitic” nature. Discussing B chromosomes in plants he wrote: ”In many cases these chromosomes have no useful function at all to the species carrying them, but that they often lead an exclusively parasitic existence … [B chromosomes] need not be useful for the plants. They need only be useful to themselves.” - Gunnar Östergren.

Then, in the early 1950s, Barbara McClintock published a series of papers describing the existence of "transposable elements". These are among the most successful selfish genetic elements. The discovery of transposable elements led to her being awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1983.

References 

DNA
John Sherratt "Black Jack" Stewart (May 6, 1917 – May 25, 1983) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played for the Detroit Red Wings and the Chicago Blackhawks. He is in the Hockey Hall of Fame.

References

1917 births
1983 deaths
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
People from Manitoba
Detroit Red Wings players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
American Hockey League players
Marco Minghetti (November 18, 1818 - December 10, 1886) was an Italian economist and statesman.

Biography
Minghetti was born at Bologna into a family of rich landowners. In March 1848 Pope Pius IX offered to him the post of minister in the first constitutional government of the Papal States. However, on 29 April 1848, after the speech with which Pius IX announced the withdrawal of the papal army from the front of the first italian war of independence, Minghetti resigned.

Member of the "Historical Right", he was Minister of the Interior in the governments led by Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour and Bettino Ricasoli. He was also Minister of the Treasury in the government led by Luigi Carlo Farini. He was twice Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy: from 24 March 1863 to 28 September 1864 and from 10 July 1873 to 25 March 1876. 

In 1864 Minghetti signed the "Convention of September" with France: with this document, Italy renounced in Rome and moved the capital from Turin to Florence. There were many protests against this agreement and consequently Minghetti was forced to resign. During his second experience as President, Minghetti raised taxes to achieve a balanced budget. He was able to accomplish this, but there were protests against his tax policy and was forced to resign for the second time. 

Minghetti was the last president of the "Historic Right": after him began the period of the "Historical Left", that remained in power until Francesco Crispi.

He died in Rome.

Note 

1818 births
1886 deaths
Italian economists
People from Bologna
Prime Ministers of Italy
Roots Hall is where Southend United play their home matches. It is near Southend Hospital and Southend High School for Boys (SHSB). It has one of the largest attendance in League 1.

Football stadiums in England
Essex
Alexis Tsipras (, ; born 28 July 1974) is a Greek politician. He is thr Leader of the Opposition since 2019. He has been a member of Syriza since 2013. He was Prime Minister of Greece from 2015 to 2019.

Tsipras is a member of the Syriza party, and is a democratic socialist. A major issue of his term has been dealing with the Greek debt crisis.

References

1974 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Greece
People from Athens
Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud  born 31 December 1935) is the King of Saudi Arabia, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques since 2015. He had been Minister of Defence since 2011, and was Governor of Riyadh Province from 1963 to 2011. 

Salman became king on 23 January 2015 following the death of his half brother, King Abdullah. As a Sudairi Seven, his full brothers include king Fahd, and the crown princes Sultan and Nayef.

References

1935 births
Living people
Kings of Saudi Arabia
Current national leaders
Dacia Soraya Valent (12 February 1963 - 22 January 2015) was a Somali-born Italian politician. She was a Member of the European Parliament from 1989 through 1994. She was born in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Valent died in Rome, Italy from a heart attack, aged 51.

References

Other websites
 Official blog 
 Dacia Valent profile from the European Parliament Website 

1963 births
2015 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Rome
Civil servants
Communist politicians
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Former MEPs
Italian politicians
MEPs for Italy
People from Mogadishu
Police officers
Eric Linkord "Link" Byfield (December 5, 1951 – January 24, 2015) was a Canadian news columnist, author and politician. Byfield was editor and publisher for the Alberta Report magazine for eighteen years. Byfield helped found the Wildrose Party of Alberta in 2007. Byfield founded the Citizens Centre for Freedom and Democracy.

On January 24, 2015, Byfield died of liver and esophageal cancer, aged 63, in the Sturgeon Community Hospital in St. Albert, Alberta.

References

1952 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from liver cancer
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Politicians from Alberta
Canadian writers
Artemios "Demis" Ventouris Roussos (,  15 June 1946 – 25 January 2015) was an Egyptian-born Greek singer and performer. He had international hit records as a solo performer in the 1970s after having been a member of Aphrodite's Child.

He sold over 60 million albums worldwide and became "an unlikely kaftan-wearing sex symbol".

Roussos died in Athens, Greece, aged 68.

Galleri

References

Other websites

 Fan club 
 Official Demis Roussos Fan Club on Facebook
 

1946 births
2015 deaths
Greek singers
People from Alexandria
Rock singers
William Charles Monbouquette (August 11, 1936 – January 25, 2015) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Boston Red Sox (1958–1965), Detroit Tigers (1966–1967), New York Yankees (1967–1968), and the San Francisco Giants (1968). He was born in Medford, Massachusetts.

Monbouquette died on January 25, 2015 in Gloucester, Massachusetts, aged 78.

References

1936 births
2015 deaths
Boston Red Sox players
Detroit Tigers players
New York Yankees players
San Francisco Giants players
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
Lee Spick (April 25, 1980 - January 26, 2015) was an English professional snooker player. A former English under-15 champion, he reached the last 48 of ranking events on five occasions, including twice in the World Championship. Spick was born in Mansfield, England.

Spick on 26 January 2015 from liver disease, aged 34.

References

1980 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from liver disease
English sportspeople
Thomas "Tom" Uren (28 May 1921 – 26 January 2015) was an Australian politician and former boxer. He was Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party. He helped create the heritage and conservation movement in Australia. Uren was a member of the House of Representatives for Reid serving from 1955 through 1990.

Books

1921 births
2015 deaths
Boxers
Civil servants
Politicians from Sydney
Sportspeople from Sydney
Paul Franklin Crouch (March 30, 1934 – November 30, 2013) was an American Christian broadcaster. Crouch, along with his wife Jan, and televangelist Jim Bakker and Tammy Faye Bakker, founded the Trinity Broadcasting Network in 1973 (TBN) along with his wife Jan Crouch. Crouch was born in St. Joseph, Missouri.

Crouch died in Orange, California from heart disease, aged 79.

References

Other websites

 

1934 births
2013 deaths
American Pentecostals
Cardiovascular disease deaths in California
People from St. Joseph, Missouri
Television evangelists
Writers from Missouri
Orange is a city in Orange County, California. It is 3 miles north from Santa Ana, California. The population was 136,891 as of 2014.

Cities in California
Settlements in Orange County, California

Find local reference to the town online jobs  applications.
UY Scuti is a red supergiant (RSG) star. It is a pulsating variable star in the constellation Scutum and one of the largest known stars in the Milky Way Galaxy. It is also one of the most luminous and well-known of its kind.  

The star has an estimated average median radius of 1,708 times that of the Sun, or a diameter of 2.4 trillion m (1.5 billion mi; 15.9 AU); thus a volume 5 billion times that of the Sun.  

It is about 2.9 kiloparsecs (9,500 light years) from Earth, so it is one of the nearest known hypergiants. If placed at the center of the Solar system, its photosphere would engulf the orbit of Jupiter. The radius is not known for certain, and may be larger than the orbit of Saturn.

References 

Red giants
Variable stars
Hypergiants
Jakobsbergs GoIF is a sports club in Jakobsberg in Sweden. It is active within handball. The men's soccer merged with FC Järfälla in 1993. In 2003, the women's soccer also merged with FC Järfälla.

The club won the Swedish women's soccer national chapionship in 1977. The club also finished up second in 1975. They lost the 1975 final game against Öxabäcks IF on penalty kicks.

References

Other websites
Men's handball team 
Women's handball team 

Handball clubs in Sweden
Swedish football clubs
Alfonso La Marmora (18 November 1804 – 5 January 1878), or Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora, Alfonso Lamarmora and Alfonso Ferrero, Cavaliere La Marmora, was an Italian general and statesman.

He was born at Turin in a rich and noble family: his father was a Marquis. In 1822 he graduated in the Military Academy of Turin; then began a military career, which led him to become general in 1856. In the Kingdom of Sardinia he was twice Minister of War in the governments led by Massimo D'Azeglio and Camillo Cavour.

In 1854 La Marmora made a law that improved the quality of the troops, created new academies for officers, retouched the recruitment system, bringing to 60,000 Army soldiers (of which only a quarter in active service, while the rest evaded the lever paying a substitute), doubled the units of riflemen and strengthened the light cavalry at the expense of heavy. Even the artillery, health and administrative apparatus were renovated, as well as logistics services.

In 1855 he resigned from the post of Minister of War because he went to fight in the Crimean War. He was Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia from 19 July 1859 to 21 January 1860. In the years immediately after the Italian unification, he was governor of Milan and Prefect of Naples.

Member of the "Historical Right", La Marmora was Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of the Kingdom of Italy from 18 September 1864 to 20 July 1866. He resigned from office to go fight the third Italian independence war: on this occasion, however, he committed several strategic errors, which cost a heavy defeat for Italy.

In 1870 he retired from political life. He died in Florence and was buried in Biella in the church of San Sebastiano. His brother, Alessandro La Marmora, founded the corps of Bersaglieri.

Note 

1804 births
1878 deaths
Generals
Italian military people
People from Turin
Prime Ministers of Italy
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Italian politicians
Luminous blue variables (LBVs) are massive evolved stars. They show unpredictable and sometimes dramatic variations in their spectra and their brightness. 

These unstable supergiants or hypergiants are also known as S Doradus variables. S Doradus is one of the brightest stars of the Large Magellanic Cloud. 

LBVs are extraordinarily rare with just 20 listed in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars as SDor, and some of these are no longer considered to be LBVs.

In their "quiescent" state they are typically B-type stars, occasionally slightly hotter, with unusual emission lines. They are found in a region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram known as the S Doradus instability strip. They are the least luminous have a temperature around 10,000 K and a luminosity about 250,000 times the Sun. The most luminous have a temperature around 25,000 K and a luminosity over a million times the Sun. These are some of the most luminous of all stars.

Their relationship to supernovae is unclear.

Discovery and history
The LBV stars P Cygni and Eta Carinae have been known as unusual variables since the 17th century, but their true nature was not fully understood until much more recently.  The term "S Doradus variable" was used to describe them as a group in 1974. AE Andromedae is one of the most luminous blue variables in the Andromeda galaxy, M31.

References 

Hypergiants
Variable stars
Types of stars
Guelph is a city in southern Ontario. It is called the Royal City. It has often been rated as one of Canada's best places to live. This is because it has a low unemployment rate and a low crime rate. In the 2011 census, Guelph had a population of 121,688. Guelph has warm, humid summers that can reach up to  and cold winters coming down to . It is classified Dfb in the Köppen climate classification system.

References 

Cities in Ontario
The Pistol Star is a blue hypergiant.  It is one of the most luminous stars in the Milky Way galaxy.

It is one of many massive young stars in the Quintuplet cluster in the central region of our galaxy. It is about 25,000 light years from Earth in the direction of Sagittarius. It would be visible to the naked eye as a fourth magnitude star but interstellar gases have blocked it from view.

Properties 
The Pistol Star was discovered by the Hubble Space Telescope in the early 1990s.
The star may have ejected almost 10 solar masses of material in giant outbursts perhaps 4,000 to 6,000 years ago. Its stellar wind is over 10 billion times stronger than the Sun's. The star's exact age and future are not known, but it is expected to end in a brilliant supernova or hypernova in 1 to 3 million years. Its mass is equally uncertain, probably around 200 times the sun when first formed. Now it is much less because it has lost so much mass.

Early reports suggested that it might be the most luminous star known, being almost 100 million times as luminous as the Sun.
Later studies, however, have reduced its estimated luminosity. It is now regarded as a candidate luminous blue variable about one-third as luminous as the binary star system Eta Carinae.  Even so, it radiates about as much energy in 20 seconds as does the Sun in a year.

A close point source has been discovered hidden in the surrounding nebulosity, but it is not known whether it is a star or even whether it is physically associated.

Related pages 
 LBV 1806-20

References 

Hypergiants
Clares is a small village in the province of Guadalajara. It belongs to the region of de Molina-Alto Tajo in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain.

Fauna
In 1989 a Special Protection Area (SPA) category A, was created near Clares. It covers 20,000 hectares. There are 12 protected species including: Montagu's harrier (Circus pygargus), little bustard (Tetrax tetrax), Dupont's lark (Chersophilus duponti), Common treecreeper (Agateador norteño), Thekla lark (Galerida theklae), and Dartford Warbler (Sylvia undata). Other species found in the area are the foxes, badgers, wild cats, vultures and raptors such as buzzards, kestrel and a hawk. Clares also has a private game reserve managed by the Association of Neighbors and Friends, where people can go to hunt boar, deer, hare, rabbit, partridge and quail.

Villages
Settlements in Castile-La Mancha
Tin Cup is a 1996 romantic comedy movie. This movie is about a golf pro. Kevin Costner plays Roy. Rene Russo plays Molly. Cheech Marin plays Romeo. This movie got mixed to positive reviews from the critics. It took in over $75.8 million USD.

References

1996 romance movies
1996 comedy movies
1990s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
American sports comedy movies
Cinderella is a 2015 romantic-fantasy movie. It stars Lily James as Cinderella. Cate Blanchett plays Lady Tremaine. Helena Bonham Carter plays the Fairy Godmother.

The movie was released on March 13, 2015.

References

2015 romance movies
2010s fantasy movies
2010s American romance movies
2010s American fantasy movies
British romance movies
British fantasy movies
Disney movie remakes
Movies directed by Kenneth Branagh
Hollywood Canteen is a 1944 musical romantic comedy movie. The movie is about two soldiers spending three nights at a Hollywood Canteen. Joan Leslie, The Andrews Sisters and Ida Lupino are in the cast.

Other websites
 
 
 

1944 movies
1940s musical movies
1940s romance movies
1940s comedy movies
American musical comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies directed by Delmer Daves
Miguel Ángel Cascallana Guerra (26 February 1948 – 26 January 2015) was a Spanish handball player. He competed for his country in team handball at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. He finished 15th in the Olympic tournament. He played in all five matches and scored three goals.

Cascallana was born in Herrera de Pisuerga, Castile and León. He died on 26 January 2015 in Alicante, at the age of 66.

References

Other websites
 Miguel Ángel Cascallana  at Sports-Reference.com

1948 births
2015 deaths
1972 Summer Olympics
Handball
People from Castile and León
Spanish Olympians
Maluridae is a family of small, insectivorous passerine birds endemic to Australia and New Guinea. 

Commonly known as 'wrens', they are unrelated to the true wrens of the Northern Hemisphere. The family includes 15 species of fairywren, 3 emu-wrens, and 11 grasswrens. There are six genera.

The Maluridae are one of the many bird families to have evolved from a great adaptive radiation of what were crows to new ecological opportunities in Australasia. Their closest relatives are the Meliphagidae (honeyeaters), and the Pardalotidae. 

Their obvious similarity to the wrens of Europe and America is not genetic, but simply the consequence of convergent evolution between more-or-less unrelated species that share the same ecological niche.

Their behaviour is similar to many other passerine families. The males defend territory and attract females by song and bright coloured plumage.   Females are a dowdy brownish colour, better for camouflage. The males' colour is much less bright out of season. They are insectivorous, and nest in dense undergrowth. The parallels with Eurasian wrens are quite striking.

References 

Passeri
Birds of Australia
Birds of Oceania
Billinge is a locality in Eslöv Municipality in Skåne County in Sweden. In 2010, 415 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Skane County
Settlements in Sweden
Seleucus I Nicator ("Seleucus the Victor") () was one of the generals friends of Alexander who were given, or took control of, his empire. Having served as an infantry general under Alexander, he eventually took the title of basileus (~"king"). He set up the Seleucid Empire over much of the territory in the  Near East which Alexander had conquered.

After the death of Alexander in June 323 BC, Seleucus initially supported Perdiccas, the regent of Alexander's empire, and was made Commander of the Companions (the elite cavalry of Alexander) at the Partition of Babylon in 323 BC. 

The 'Wars of the Diadochi' in 322 were the wars of Alexander's successors. Perdiccas failed against Ptolemy in Egypt, which led to the mutiny of his troops. Perdiccas was betrayed and assassinated in a conspiracy by Seleucus and others sometime in either 321 or 320 BC.

In 321 BC, Seleucus was appointed Satrap of Babylon under the new regent Antipater. Almost immediately, the wars between the Diadochi resumed and Antigonus forced Seleucus to flee Babylon. Seleucus was only able to return to Babylon in 312 BC with the support of Ptolemy. 

From 312 BC, Seleucus ruthlessly expanded his dominions and eventually conquered the Persian and Median lands. Seleucus ruled not only  Babylonia, but the entire enormous eastern part of Alexander's empire:

Seleucus' wars took him as far as India, where, after two years of war (305-303 BC), he made peace with the Indian Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. Seleucus exchanged his eastern satrapies in the Indus River Valley for 500 war elephants. These would play a decisive role against Antigonus at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC and against Lysimachus at the Battle of Corupedium in 281 BC.

Seleucus' victories against Antigonus and Lysimachus left the Seleucid dynasty virtually unopposed in Asia and in Anatolia. However, Seleucus also hoped to take control of Lysimachus' European territories, primarily Thrace and Macedon itself. But upon arriving in Thrace in 281 BC, Seleucus was assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus, who had taken refuge at the Seleucid court with his sister Lysandra. The assassination of Seleucus destroyed Seleucid prospects in Thrace and Macedon, and paved the way for Ptolemy Ceraunus to absorb much of Lysimachus' former power in Macedon. Seleucus was succeeded by his son Antiochus I as ruler of the Seleucid Empire.

Seleucus founded a number of new cities during his reign, including Antioch (300 BC) and in particular Seleucia on the Tigris (ca. 305 BC), the new capital of the Seleucid Empire, a foundation that eventually depopulated Babylon.

References 

History of the Middle East
Kings and queens
Generals
4th-century BC births
281 BC deaths
The term highland or upland is used to mean any mountainous region or elevated mountainous plateau. Generally speaking, upland (or uplands) means ranges of hills, typically up to 500-600m. Highland (or highlands) usually is used to mean ranges of low mountains.

References 

Landforms
Mark Pickerel is an American drummer. He is best known as the original drummer for the Screaming Trees. Pickerel played for the Screaming Trees on their first five studio albums and their extended play. He left the band in 1991.

References

Other websites

American rock drummers
Living people
Musicians from Washington
Year of birth missing (living people)
Joel Grey (born Joel David Katz; April 11, 1932) is an American actor, singer, dancer, and photographer.

Early life
Gray was born in Cleveland, Ohio to Goldie Epstein and to Mickey Katz. He studied at the Cleveland Play House and at Alexander Hamilton High School in Los Angeles, California.

Career
Grey played the role of the Master of Ceremonies in the Broadway musical Cabaret in 1966 for which he won the Tony Award. Grey won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in March 1973 for his performance in the same role in the 1972 film version of Cabaret. He also won the Golden Globe Award. Grey had many other successful performances as an actor.

Gray is also a published photographer, with books Pictures I Had to Take 2003; its follow-up, Looking Hard at Unexpected Things 2006. His third book, 1.3 – Images from My Phone, a book of photographs taken with his camera phone, was published in 2009. An exhibit of his work was held in April 2011 at the Museum of the City of New York, titled "Joel Grey/A New York Life."

Personal life 
In 1958, Grey married Jo Wilder; they divorced in 1982. Together, they had two children: actress Jennifer Grey and chef James. 

In January 2015, Grey talked about his sexuality in an interview with People, stating: "I don't like labels, but if you have to put a label on it, I'm a gay man".

References

Other websites

 
 
 Joel Grey papers, 1904-2001 (bulk 1949-2001), held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
 Joel Grey  - Downstage Center interview at American Theatre Wing.org
 TonyAwards.com Interview with Joel Grey 

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Cleveland, Ohio
American dancers
American movie actors
American photographers
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Drama Desk Award winners
Gay men
Golden Globe Award winning actors
LGBT actors
LGBT dancers
LGBT people from Ohio
LGBT singers
Singers from Cleveland, Ohio
Tony Award winning actors
1932 births
Living people
Maurice David Landau OBE (22 June 1947 in England – 27 January 2015) was a British-Israeli journalist and newspaper editor. Landau was editor-in-chief of the Israeli newspaper Haaretz from 2004 to 2008. He was the founder and editor-in-chief of the paper's English edition from 1997 to 2004. After leaving Haaretz Landau became the Israel correspondent for The Economist.

References

1947 births
2015 deaths
British Jews
Israeli journalists
Jewish Israeli writers
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Writers from London
Editors
Lucjan Roman Lis (8 August 1950 – 26 January 2015) was a Polish cyclist. He had his best achievements in the 100 km team time trial. In this event he won a silver medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics as well as a bronze and a gold medal at the world championships in 1971 and 1973.

Lis died of a ruptured aorta in Warsaw, Poland, aged 64.

References

1950 births
2015 deaths
Polish cyclists
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
Disease-related deaths in Poland
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists
John Thomas Myers (February 8, 1927 – January 27, 2015) was an American politician. He was a Republican congressman from Indiana's 7th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1967 to 1997.

Myers died at the age of 87 in his birthplace of Covington, Indiana.

1927 births
2015 deaths
United States representatives from Indiana
US Republican Party politicians
Sly Cooper is a series of video games. It is named after the title character, Sly Cooper. They are available on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, and PS Vita. The series was created by Sucker Punch and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. All of the video games were also developed by them, except Sly Cooper: Thieves in Time, which was developed by Sanzaru Games. There are currently five games in the series, as well as a collection of the first three remastered:
 Sly Cooper and the Thievius Raccoonus
 Sly 2: Band of Thieves
 Sly 3: Honor Among Thieves
 The Sly Collection
 Sly Cooper: Thieves in Time
 Bentley's hackpack

Main Characters 
 Sly Cooper - An anthropomorphic raccoon and a master thief. He was born into a family of master thieves called the Cooper Clan. He is the leader of the Cooper Gang, a band of thieves that pulls off the biggest heists.
 Bentley - An anthropomorphic box turtle. He is the brains of the Cooper Gang's heists.
 Murray - An anthropomorphic hippopotamus. He is the brawn of the Cooper Gang's heists.
 Inspector Carmelita Montoya Fox - An anthropomorphic red fox. She is a police officer (inspector) at Interpol, an international police force based off the Interpol. She is dedicated to catching Sly and his gang and bringing them to justice. Sometimes, her romantic feelings for Sly get in the way though.
 Dimitri Lousteau - An anthropomorphic French iguana. He speaks in slang since he learned English from hip hop and TV. He was originally a painter, but many people didn't like his paintings. So, he started making forgeries. Later, he became a member of the Klaww Gang in Sly 2: Band of Thieves, but was defeated by the Cooper Gang. He returns in Sly 3: Honor Among Thieves as a close ally of the Cooper Gang. He also watched over the Thievius Raccoonus in Sly Cooper: Thieves in Time when the Cooper Gang was time traveling to save the book.

Other websites 
 Sly Cooper's current official website 

Sly Cooper
Video game series
The Egyptian Armed Forces are the military forces of Egypt. The Egyptian Armed Forces are the largest in Africa, and the Middle East. It was established in 1922. It consists of the Egyptian Army, Egyptian Navy, Egyptian Air Force and Egyptian Air Defense Forces. The Egyptian Armed Forces are the largest in Africa, and the Middle East. They are the 13th most powerful armed forces worldwide. Their combined strength is about 450,000.

According to the Egyptian Constitution, The Egyptian Armed Forces is led by the General command or by the Supreme Council formed in times of emergency and headed by the President who holds the title of the Supreme leader of the Egyptian armed forces, and consists of the 21 military officers who represent the different armies and departments of the armed forces.

References 

Military
Egypt
1922 establishments in Africa
20th-century establishments in Egypt
Wilfred Agbonavbare (5 October 1966 – 27 January 2015) was a Nigerian footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

In his country, Lagos-born Agbonavbare played for New Nigeria Bank F.C. and BCC Lions FC. In 1990 he moved to Spain where he would spend the rest of his career, starting with Rayo Vallecano in Segunda División.

Agbonavbare died at the age of 48 from cancer in Alcalá de Henares, Spain.

References

1966 births
2015 deaths
1994 FIFA World Cup players
Cancer deaths in Spain
Nigerian footballers
People from Lagos
Frances Lennon, MBE (12 September 1912 – 24 January 2015) was an award winning British artist from Greater Manchester. She was best known for being the Official Artist of the 2002 Commonwealth Games. Her paintings have been described as "Lowry-esque, but with more humour".

References

1912 births
2015 deaths
British artists
British centenarians
People from Manchester
Keith Noel Emerson (2 November 1944 – 10 March 2016) was an English keyboardist and composer. Emerson played in a number of bands before he found his first commercial success with P. P. Arnold's backing band the Nice in the late 1960s.

Emerson was born in Todmoreden, West Riding of Yorkshire. He was a founding member of Emerson, Lake & Palmer (ELP) in 1970. Emerson, Lake & Palmer were successful through much of the 1970s. They became one of the best-known progressive rock groups of the era.

Emerson committed suicide by shooting himself in the head at his Santa Monica, California home. He was aged 71.

Further reading 
 Emerson, Keith (2003), Pictures of an Exhibitionist: From the Nice to Emerson, Lake and Palmer - The True Story of the Man Who Changed the Sound of Rock, John Blake, 
 Forrester, George, Martyn Hanson and Frank Askew. Emerson, Lake & Palmer, The Show That Never Ends, A Musical Biography. (2001) Helter Skelter Publishing .
 
 Macan, Edward (2006), Endless Enigma: A Musical Biography of Emerson, Lake and Palmer, Feedback Series in Contemporary Music, Vol. 4, Open Court,

References

1944 births
2016 deaths
People who committed suicide
English composers
English musicians
People from Yorkshire
Amparo Baró San Martín (21 September 1937 – 29 January 2015) was a Spanish actress. She starting working in theatres with Adolfo Marsillach. She was known for her role as "Sole" in 7 Vidas. Her career spanned more than 50 years.

Baró died from cancer in Madrid, Spain, aged 77.

References

Other websites

1937 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cancer
Spanish movie actors
Spanish television actors
Spanish stage actors
People from Barcelona
Chevrolet Traverse is a full-sized crossover (CUV) made by General Motors' Chevrolet division. It was introduced for the 2009 model year. Chevrolet markets the Traverse as a minivan (without sliding side doors). The design for the Traverse is loosely based off the concept vehicle the Chevrolet Sequel (a hybrid crossover SUV). It replaced the Uplander (a minivan) and the TrailBlazer (an SUV) in North America. After the Uplander and its siblings failed to match the sales quota of Toyota Sienna and Honda Odyssey GM announced it would target crossovers. In South America it replaced the Grand Blazer. This vehicle uses a unibody platform called the GM Lambda platform. In 2013 Traverse was updated with a brand new grille, fascia and Camaro inspired tail lights.

In 2017, a second generation Traverse was introduced for the 2018 model year, which followed a more SUV-like design similar to the Suburban/Tahoe. It also became the largest crossover SUV in the Chevrolet lineup due to the introduction of the mid-size Blazer in 2019.

References 

General Motors vehicles
Full-size vehicles
The European Agreement on Au Pair Placement is an international agreement within the Council of Europe. It was originally signed in Strasbourg, France on 24 November 1969. It came into force on 30 May 1971. The agreement regulates au pair placements. It states that the person in placement shall neither be seen as a traditional employed domestic worker nor as a traditional student. The issue of signing up Sweden to the agreement has been discussed.

List

References

1969
1971 in Europe
1960s in France
Domestic work
Strasbourg
1960s treaties
1970s treaties
A vehicle frame, is the main structural element of a motor vehicle. All other components are connected to the frame.  Another term for this design is body-on-frame construction. A vehicle's frame is part of the chassis.

The first motor vehicles were almost all built on a frame.  Since then, nearly all cars have changed to unibody construction (see below). The last UK mass-produced car with a chassis was the Triumph Herald, which was discontinued in 1971.  By contrast, today nearly all trucks and buses still use chassis frames.

Types

Ladder Frame 
Named because it resembles a ladder, the ladder frame is the simplest and oldest of all designs. It has two rails, or beams, and crossmembers connecting them. Most manufacturers stopped using them on cars around the 1940s. They are now seen mainly on trucks.

Unibody
In a unibody (also unit body) design, the sheet metal of the body is also the frame. It may use subframes in certain areas. Unibody designs first appeared in the 1930s on some Citroën automobiles. Many modern vehicles use unibody construction including cars, minivans and crossovers. A few SUVs use unibody construction. An example is the Dodge Durango.

References 

Auto parts
The pedal steel guitar is a type of electric steel guitar that is built on legs or a stand. It usually has foot pedals which adjust the sound of the instrument. Like other electric guitars, the musical instrument produces sound by the vibration of its strings which are converted by magnetic pickup connected to an amplifier.

Pedal steels may have one or two "necks" that typically have 10 strings each. Some may have as many as 14. Unlike most other guitars, pedal steel guitars have reference lines on the fretboard. This is where frets would be, but there are no actual frets. The player changes the pitch of one or more strings by sliding a steel from one position to another while plucking the strings. Pedal steels are typically plucked with a thumb pick and fingers, or two or three fingerpicks. The pedals are mounted on a cross bar below the body. The action of the pedals may be fixed or changed by the player to select which strings the pedals affects. While there are some fairly standard pedal assignments, many advanced players devise their own setups, called copedents. The pedal steel evolved from the console steel guitar and lap steel guitar. 

The pedal steel, with its smooth portamenti, bending chords and complex riffs, is one of the most easily recognized instruments of American country music.

References 

Guitars
The Palais Bourbon is a large building in Paris. It is on the left bank of the River Seine. Today it is the home of the French National Assembly. It was originally built by Louise Françoise de Bourbon as a large townhouse for her own personal use. It was later the main Parisian residence of the Princes of Condé.

History 

Building began in 1722 under the direction of several prominent architects of the day. It was inspired by the "Grand Trianon" in the grounds of the Palace of Versailles. It was built near the Hôtel de Lassay, which was the townhouse of the Marquis of Lassay. He was a nobleman the duchess had began having an affair with some years prior. The two buildings were connected by a corridor. 

During the French Revolution the property was seized as a bien national or property of the nation.

References
Le Palais Bourbon

Palaces in France
Buildings and structures in Paris
Reema Abdo (born May 19, 1963) is a Canadian retired swimmer. She was a backstroke swimmer.

Abdo competed for Canada at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. She was able to win a bronze medal for Canada. She won the bronze medal in the 4×100 m medley relay with Anne Ottenbrite, Michelle MacPherson, and Pamela Rai.

She was born in Aden in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. In 1976, Abdo and her family moved to Trenton, Ontario. She would then join the Trenton Dolphin Swim Club. She debuted with the Canadian national swimming team at the 1982 Commonwealth Games. There she was able to reach the final of the 200 metre backstroke event, but she did not win a medal. After she retired, she became a constable for the Ontario Provincial Police.

She was inducted into the Ontario Aquatic Hall of Fame in 1997.

References

Other websites
 Canadian Olympic team profile

1963 births
Canadian Olympic bronze medalists
Canadian swimmers
Living people
Sportspeople from Ontario
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Yemeni people
Alexander Vraciu (November 2, 1918 – January 29, 2015) was a United States Navy fighter ace. He was a Medal of Honor nominee. He served during World War II. He once shot down six Japanese dive bombers in eight minutes. Vraciu was born in East Chicago, Indiana.

Vraciu died on January 29, 2015 in his sleep at the age of 96 at his home in Danville, Illinois.

References

1918 births
2015 deaths
American military people
People from East Chicago, Indiana
Tetraplegia (or quadriplegia) is a condition in which a human loses use of all limbs and the torso. It usually affects both the ability to move and the use of the senses.

Quadriplegia is the common term in North America. Tetraplegia is the term in Europe.

Tetraplegia is caused by damage either to the brain or to the spinal cord at the level of the cervical vertebrae. People with an injury at the C1 vertebra may lose functions from the neck down. They may need a machine to breathe for them. People with injuries at the C7 vertebra may still be able to use their arms and hands.

References

Health problems
Zapala is a town in the Argentinian Neuquén Province. In 2010, 32,097 people lived there.

Prehistory
The dinosaur, Zapalasaurus, lived there during the Early Cretaceous period

References 

Towns in Argentina
Neuquén () is the capital city of Neuquén Province, Argentina. It is at the confluence of the Limay and Neuquén rivers.

Other websites 

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
1904 establishments in Argentina
Air charter is the business of renting whole aircraft (i.e., chartering) instead of buying tickets and reserving single seat. Air charter is regulated by law. While the airlines sell places in seats, air charter companies focus on private wealthy customers, urgent cargo, air ambulance and others. These air charter companies have a lot of different types of aircrafts, such as helicopters and business jets. Charter jet categories include turbo props, light jets, mid-size jets, super mid-size jets, heavy jets, and airliners.

Related pages
Business jet

aircraft
A court reporter or court stenographer, also called stenotype operator, shorthand reporter or law reporter, is a person whose occupation is to transcribe spoken or recorded speech into written form, using shorthand, machine shorthand or voice writing equipment to produce official transcripts of court hearings, depositions and other official proceedings. Court reporting companies primarily serve private law firms, local, state and federal government agencies, courts, trade associations, meeting planners and nonprofits.

Courts (law)
Occupations
The Old Town of Vilnius () is the historic part of the city of Vilnius, Lithuania. It is one of the largest and most beautiful medieval old towns in Europe. It has an area of 3.59 square kilometres (887 acres). The settlement became a town in the early 13th century. The old town is marked by narrow streets, old churches, museums and flower-decorated courtyards.

The central squares in the Old Town are the Cathedral Square and the Town Hall Square. In 1994 the Vilnius Old Town was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Landmarks
There are more monuments of interest in the Old Town than in any other part of Vilnius; they include:

Palaces

Presidential Palace
Slushko Palace
Radvilu Palace
Tyzenhaus Palace
Vilnius Castle Complex with the Gediminas Tower and Royal Palace

Religious monuments
St. Anne's Church
Vilnius Cathedral in Cathedral Square
St. Nicholas Church
All Saints Church
Gate of Dawn
Three Crosses
Cathedral of the Theotokos

Other places of interest
House of the Signatories
National Museum of Lithuania
Lithuanian National Drama Theatre
 Fragments of the Vilnius city wall
Vilnius dungeons

References 

World Heritage Sites in Europe
Vilnius
Edvin "Edi" Rama (born 4 July 1964) is an Albanian politician, artist and writer. He has been the Prime Minister of Albania since 2013. Rama has been the leader of the Socialist Party of Albania since 2005. Rama was Minister of Culture, Youth, and Sports from 1998 to 2000. He was Mayor of Tirana from 2000 to 2011.

References

1964 births
Living people
Current national leaders
Mayors
Prime Ministers of Albania
Socialist politicians
Maurizio Arcieri (30 April 1942 – 29 January 2015) was an Italian singer. He was formerly the leader of The New Dada. Recently he was a member of Krisma. Arcieri was born in Milan, Italy. He was very active during the 1970s.

Arcieri died of cancer in Varese, Italy, aged 72.

Other websites
Maurizio's records on mayancaper.net
Maurizio's videos on mayancaper.net
Maurizio on KrismaTv.net

1942 births
2015 deaths
Italian singers
People from Rome
Carl Djerassi (October 29, 1923 – January 30, 2015) was a Bulgarian-Austrian-American chemist, novelist, and playwright. He was best known for his work to develop a oral contraceptive pills and the use of physical methods in organic chemistry.

Other websites

Personal website
Biography
Carl Djerassi tells his life story at Web of Stories
Djerassi Resident Artists Program
Djerassi’s autograph from The Chemical Record
Bob Weintraub, Israel Chemical Society. Pincus, Djerassi, and Oral Contraceptives

1923 births
2015 deaths
American chemists
American playwrights
Writers from Vienna
Cancer deaths in San Francisco
Deaths from bone cancer
Deaths from liver cancer
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Sofia
Scientists from Vienna
An Old Town of a city or town is its historic center or district. It is often the older town the newer parts were built around. It may also be an area built to resemble the older original town. Old towns usually have historical and architectural value that make them worth restoring. In Europe old towns are usually the medieval towns or villages that the newer city was built up around. Old towns may have cobblestone streets, old churches, and balconies hanging over narrow back streets. Because they are restrictive traffic traps many old town districts do not allow motor vehicles.

References 

Towns