cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Calenzano is a comune (municipality) in the province of Florence in the Italian region Tuscany. It is about 11 km northwest of Florence. Calenano has an area of 76.9 km² and a population of 15,557  inhabitants.

Calenzano borders the following municipalities: Barberino di Mugello, Campi Bisenzio, Prato, San Piero a Sieve, Sesto Fiorentino, Vaglia, Vaiano.

Main places
Villa Ginori a Collina, a patrician villa
Church of San Niccolò e Oratorio della Compagnia del Santissimo Sacramento, rebuilt before 1386.
Pieve  di San Donato (9th-11th centuries),
Pieve di Santa Maria (built before the 11th century).
The ancient Pieve di San Severo.
Church of Santa Lucia a Settimello.
Parco del Neto  a park near Monte Morello.

Connection
Calenzano has a station on the regional railway connecting it to Prato, Florence, Pistoia and Lucca. It can be reached by road from the highway "A1". Buses connect Calenzano to Prato, Florence, Campi Bisenzio and Barberino di Mugello.

Famous people born in Calenzano
 Agostino Ammannati (1906 - 1987), teacher of the  liceo classico Cicognini in Prato, friend and helper of the priest Lorenzo Milani.
 Lorenzo Milani, priest, teacher and a man of charity. He was the first to use the motto, "I CARE", when Italy's fascist regime had the motto "I don't care" when speaking about enemies and about poor people. Lorenzo Milani was on the Church of "Saint Donato" since  1947 until 1954.

Main events and festivals 
 Fiera dei Cavalli (a festival about horses) (in September)
 Mostra mercato dell'olio nuovo (a festival about extra virgin olive oil) (in November).
 Festa de l'Unità di Legri (in July).
 Festa de l'Unità di Settimello (half September).
 "Carnevale Medievale" (medieval carnival), (end of February).
 "Fiera della Toscana // mostra mercato della Toscana" (in May).

Other website
 Official website 

Settlements in Tuscany
Corbin Bleu (born 1989) is an American actor and singer. He appears as Chad in High School Musical, High School Musical 2 and High School Musical 3: Senior Year. He was a guest star as one of Miley's friends, Johnny Collins, in Hannah Montana and as Spencer in Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide. He also works in Disney Channel's original movie, Jump in working with Keke Palmer (Akeelah and the Bee).

1989 births
Living people
High School Musical people
American television actors
Singers from New York City
Actors from New York City
A micrometre (the American spelling is micrometer; symbol is µm) is a unit of length in the SI measurement system. It can also be called a micron. It is one millionth of a metre. A micrometre is often used as a measurement for small things like bacteria. Like the Angstrom it is used for radiation in or near the visible spectrum.

Units of length
SI units

he:תחיליות במערכת היחידות הבינלאומית#מיקרו
Trochenbrod (; ) was a Jewish shtetl (village) with an area 1,728 acres once in what is now western Ukraine, about 30 kilometers northeast of Lutsk. It used to be a part of Poland. It was also known as Sofievka or Zofiówka in Polish, named after Sofia, a Russian princess who donated land for the Jewish settlement.

History
Trochenbrod was founded in 1835, at first a farming colony which grew into a small town. The population grew from around 1,200 (235 families) in 1889 to 1,580 in 1897.

During the Polish-Soviet War, the town was captured by Poland. By 1938 the town's population, which was only Jewish, had grown to at least 3,000.  Most of the people worked in farming, dairy farming, or tanning. 

There were seven synagogues in Trochenbrod. In 1940, the town, along with the rest of Western Ukraine, became part of the Soviet Union (see Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact). The rabbi at this time was Rabbi Gershon Weissmann. The Communists exiled him to Siberia after accusing him of being involved in underground salt trading.

When the Nazis later occupied Ukraine, they created a ghetto at Trochenbrod, bringing in Jews from nearby villages and towns. The Jews in the Trochenbrod ghetto were killed by the Nazis in August and September 1942. Most of the Jews of Trochenbrod as well as of the neighbouring village Lozisht were killed, as were the other Jews of Volhynia. The local Ukrainian police force helped to round up the Jews. Fewer than 200 Jews from the Trochenbrod ghetto and nearby areas lived through this killing. The village itself was burned. Now only fields and a forest can be found there.

A few of the people escaped the execution and destruction. At the end of the war, the number of people left was between 33 and 40; most were found in the area near Lutzk.

Trochenbrod in fiction
A fictional version of the shtetl, Trachimbrod, was featured in the 2002 novel Everything Is Illuminated by Jonathan Safran Foer as well as in the 2005 film based on the novel.

Safran Foer's story describes fictional events in the village between 1791, the year in which the shtetl was first named, and 1941, when it was destroyed in the war. The main character of the book (who goes by the author's name and also by the name "The Hero") comes to Ukraine to look for a woman named Augustine, who saved his grandfather in the war.

Notes

References
  a book about the combined towns of Trochenbrod and Lozisht

Other websites
Trochenbrod & Lozisht community website 

Settlements in Ukraine
Villages in Poland
1835 establishments
19th-century establishments in Ukraine
1830s establishments in Europe
Judith is a female given name. It comes from the Hebrew word Yəhûḏîṯ, meaning either "praised one" or "a woman from Judea."

The Judith from the Book of Judith was a Biblical hero.

Given names
The Book of Judith is part of the Bible.  It was written in or near 100 b.c.e.  It is in Bibles that follow the Catholic and Orthodox Canon.  Protestants and Jews treat the Book of Judith as part of the apocrypha and not part of the official canon.

In the book, an evil general named Holofernes is invading Israel.  He is waiting with his army outside the town of Bethulia and will not let the people in the town get any water to drink.  Judith tells the people of Bethulia not to give up.  She sneaks to Holofernes' camp and pretends to make friends with him.  He invites her to a meal, where he drinks much alcohol.  When he falls asleep, she cuts off his head.

History

The Book of Judith is probably not a story about something that really happened.  The book says that Holofernes was an Assyrian who worked for Nebuchadnezzar, but the real Nebuchadnezzar was a Babylonian ruler.

The book starts with, "In the twelfth year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, who reigned over the Assyrians in Nineveh."  Many ancient Hebrew stories started with words like these.  It is like saying "once upon a time": it tells the reader to expect a fairy tale.

In culture

Many, many artists have painted paintings of Judith killing or preparing to kill Holofernes.  For example, Artemisia Gentileschi and Gustav Klimt.

References

Ancient Israel and Judah
Bible
Judaism
Old Testament books
Septuagint
Quinto is a municipality of the district Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
Rancate was a municipality of the district Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 5 April 2009 the former municipalities of Arzo, Capolago, Genestrerio, Mendrisio, Rancate and Tremona merged into the municipality of Mendrisio.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Riva San Vitale is a municipality of the district Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities of Ticino
Rivera is a former municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 21 November 2010 the former municipalities of Bironico, Camignolo, Medeglia, Rivera and Sigirino merged into the new municipality of Monteceneri.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  

Former municipalities of Ticino
2010 disestablishments in Switzerland
Ronco sopra Ascona is a municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Ticino
Rovio is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Ticino
San Nazzaro is a former municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 25 April 2010 the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged to form the new municipality of Gambarogno.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  

Former municipalities of Ticino
For the municipality in Italy, see Sant'Abbondio (CO). For the church, see Basilica of Sant'Abbondio
Sant'Abbondio is a former municipality of the district Locarno, in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 25 April 2010 the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged to form the new municipality of Gambarogno.

References

Other websites 

  Official website 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Sant'Antonino is a municipality of the district Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

Sant'Antonino is not to be confused with the municipality of Sant'Antonio in the same district.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
Sant'Antonio is a former municipality, in the municipality of Bellinzona and the district Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

This municipality is not to be confused with the municipality of Sant'Antonino of the same district.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Ticino
2017 disestablishments in Switzerland
Savosa is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
Sementina is a former municipality of the district Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
2017 disestablishments in Switzerland
Semione is a former municipality of the district Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 1 April 2012 the former municipalities of Ludiano, Malvaglia and Semione merged to form the new municipality of Serravalle.

References

Other websites 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Sessa is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
Sigirino is a former municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 21 November 2010 the former municipalities of Bironico, Camignolo, Medeglia, Rivera and Sigirino merged into the new municipality of Monteceneri.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
2010 disestablishments in Switzerland
Sobrio is a former municipality of the district Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 10 April 2016, it was merged into the municipality of Faido.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  

Former municipalities of Ticino
2016 disestablishments in Switzerland
Sonogno is a former municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It can be found in Valle Verzasca.

On 17 October 2020 the former municipalities of Brione (Verzasca), Corippo, Frasco, Sonogno and Vogorno merged to form the new municipality of Verzasca.

References

Other websites
  Official website 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Sonvico is a former municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the municipality of Sonvico merged into the city of Lugano becoming a new neighborhood.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Sorengo is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in  Switzerland. Lago di Muzzano can be found in this municipality.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
The phrase "brave new world" comes from Miranda's speech in Shakespeare's The Tempest, Act V, Scene I:
"O wonder!
How many goodly creatures are there here!
How beautious mankind is!
O brave new world,
That has such people in't!"

It could also mean:

In literature:
Brave New World, a novel by Aldous Huxley
Brave New World Revisited, a non-fiction work also by Huxley

In film and television:
Brave New World (1980 movie), a 1980 TV-movie version of Huxley's book
Brave New World (movie), a 1998 TV-movie version of Huxley's book
Brave New World (TV series), an ABC TV mini-series about the possibilities of the 21st century
"Brave New World" (seaQuest 2032 episode), an episode of seaQuest 2032

In music:
 Albums:
Brave New World (album), a 2000 album by Iron Maiden
Brave New World (Steve Miller Band album), a 1969 album by the Steve Miller Band
Brave New World (Styx album), a 1999 album by Styx
Brave New World, a 1995 album by The Rippingtons.
 Songs:
"Brave New World," a song by Charlotte Church.
"Brave New World," a song from Motörhead's album Hammered (album).
"Brave New World," a song by Reagan Youth.
"Brave New World, a song by the Swedish band Covenant_
A song from Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds.
"Brave New World," the title song of the Iron Maiden album mentioned above.
"Brave New World," a song by Iron Savior.
"Brave New World," the title song of the Styx album mentioned above.
"Brave New World," the main theme song of Namco X Capcom a tactical role playing game for the Ps2
"Brave New World," a song by Hedley
 Brave New World (band), an American electronic band from 1990-2000.

Other meanings:
Brave New World (role playing game), a superhero role-playing game set in a dystopian alternate reality
DCU: Brave New World, a one-shot comic book released in summer 2006 as part of DC Comics' One Year Later event.
In Shakespeare's play The Tempest, Miranda is the beautiful daughter of the old Duke Prospero.

Miranda is a naive 15-year-old girl.  She and her father were cast away by her uncle Antonio who wanted the throne and has been on a deserted island since she was three. Her father Prospero sends Ariel, his spirit servant, to fetch Ferdinand and arranges things so that the two will come to love one another. 

 
Literature since 1500
English literature
A homograph is one of a group of words that have the same spelling but have different meanings. They can also have different pronunciations.

For example:
Polish (nationality) and polish (to make things shine)
Dove (the bird) and dove (to dive)
Present (a gift), present (to show), and present (to be somewhere)
fine (feeling well), fine (illegal parking)

Language
Mons is a town in Belgium and the capital of the Province of Hainaut. It is the fourth largest city of the Walloon part of Belgium where French is spoken. The town's name takes its roots from the Latin word mons which means mountain. In 2015, the city becomes the European Capital of Culture for the calendar year.

In 2007, 91,196 people lived there.

It is at 50° 27 North, 03° 56 East.

People born in Mons 

 Gilles Binchois, composer (15th century, birth in Mons is uncertain)
 Orlande de Lassus, composer (16th century)
 Guido de Bres, theologian (1522 to 31 May 1567)
 Giuseppe Grisoni, painter and sculptor (17th century)
 François-Joseph Fétis, musicologist, composer, critic, and teacher (18th century)
 François-Philippe de Haussy, first governor of the National Bank of Belgium (18th century)
 Paul Émile de Puydt, botanist, economist, and writer (19th century)
 Émile Motte, painter (19th century)

Twin cities 

 : Briare
 : Thoissey
 : Vannes
 : Sefton
 : Changsha
 : Little Rock, Arkansas

Other websites 

 Official site of the city, in French.

References 

Municipalities of Hainaut
Provincial capitals of Belgium
Hainaut (; ; German: Hennegau) is a province of the Walloon Region, one of the three regions of Belgium. Its capital is the city of Mons.

It is the westernmost province of the Walloon Region.

Geography
To the south of the province of Hainaut lies the French Nord department, while within Belgium it borders (clockwise from the North) on the Flemish provinces of West Flanders, East Flanders, Flemish Brabant and the Wallonian provinces of Walloon Brabant and Namur.

The province has an area of  with a population of  and a density of  inhabitants per km²; it is the province of the Walloon Region with the highest population.

The province of Hainaut is divided into seven arrondissements (arrondissementen in Dutch) with 69 municipalities.

The altitude of the province is between , in Celles, and , in L'Escaillère.

Administrative divisions
The province of Hainaut is divided into seven arrondissements (Ath, Charleroi, Mons, Mouscron, Soignies, Thuin and Tournai) and a total of 69 municipalities.

Population by arrondissement
Population on 1 January of each year.

References

Other websites 

  Official web site of the Hainaut province
  Hainaut Développement
Kannur is a city in the Kerala state of India. Kannur district derived its name from the location of its headquarters at Kannur town. The old name ‘Cannanore’ is the anglicised form of the Malayalam word Kannur. According to one opinion, ‘Kannur’ is a derivation from Kanathur, an ancient village, the name of which survives even today in one of the wards of Kannur Municipality. Another version is that Kannur might have assumed its name from one of the , deities of the Hindu pantheon, a compound of two words, Kannan (Lord Krishna) and Ur (place) making it the place of Lord Krishna. In this context, it is worth mentioning that the deity of the Katalayi Sreekrishna temple was originally installed in a shrine at Katalayi Kotta in the south eastern part of the present Kannur town.

History 
The earliest evidence of human habitation in the district are rock-cut caves and megalithic burial sites of the Neolithic age. The Taliparamba-Kannur-Thalassery area abounds in rock-cut caves, dolmens, burial stone circles and menhirs, all of megalithic burial order. The district was part of the Chera kingdom, which ruled most of Kerala during the first several centuries CE. Later Kannur was the capital of the Kolattiri Rajas, whose kingdom had trading relations with Arabia and Persiain the 12th century and 13th centuries.

Kannur District witnessed one of the longest and bloodiest resistance to British rule in India. This revolt led by Pazhassi Raja in the 1792–1806 period kept a large part of the district in a state of war.

Kannur District played an important role in the Indian freedom movement. The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, established a Malabar District committee in 1908. A branch of the All India Home Rule League, founded by Dr. Annie Besant, functioned in Thalassery during this period and among its active workers was V.K. Krishna Menon. By the end of 1939, a branch of the Communist Party of India was formally established at Pinarayi, a village near Thalassery.

References 

Cities in Kerala
The New Kingdom, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between (1570–1070 BC). During the New Kingdom Egypt was richer and more powerful than in all other periods of its history. It includes the Eighteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties.

Egypt expanded far south into Nubia and held wide territories in the Near East. Egyptian armies fought Hittite armies for control of modern-day Syria and Egyptian territory reached its maximum extent.

Important Pharaohs 
 

The Eighteenth Dynasty was ruled by some of Egypt's most famous Pharaohs including Akhenaten and Tutankhamun. Queen Hatshepsut concentrated on expanding Egypt's external trade and sent a commercial expedition to the land of Punt. Thutmose III ("the Napoleon of Egypt") expanded Egypt's army and created the largest empire Egypt had ever seen.

Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaten in honor of the Aten. He started a religion based on one god, Aten. This is seen as history's first instance of monotheism. Sigmund Freud in his book Moses and Monotheism said it was the ultimate origin of Jewish monotheism. 

Ramesses II ("the Great") of the 19th Dynasty tried to get back territories in the Levant that had been held by the 18th Dynasty. In the Battle of Kadesh he led Egyptian armies against those of the Hittite king Muwatalli II. He was caught in the first recorded military ambush, but won the battle.

Timeline

Other websites 
 New Kingdom of Egypt - Aldokkan
 Middle East on the Matrix: Egypt, The New Kingdom  — Photographs of many of the historic sites dating from the New Kingdom

Ancient Egypt
Wario is a character from Nintendo's popular video game series Mario.  He has appeared in most of the Mario Party and sports-related games, and has been the subject of a few video games of his own.

Characteristics
Wario wears purple overalls with a yellow shirt, and green, pointed shoes. He has a purple W on his hat, similar to how Mario has an M on his. Wario is Mario's rival. He is greedy, and loves money and garlic. He is fat, but also very strong. He sometimes works together with Waluigi.

Appearances
Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins
Wario Land: Super Mario Land 3
Mario & Wario
Wario's Woods
Wario Blast
Virtual Boy Wario Land
Wario Land II
Wario Land 3
Wario Land 4
Wario Land: Shake It!
Mario's Super Picross
Picross 2
Mario Kart 64
Mario Kart: Double Dash!!
Mario Kart DS
Mario Kart Wii
Mario Kart 7
Mario Kart 8
Excitebike: Bun Bun Mario Battle Stadium
Game & Watch Gallery 2
Game & Watch Gallery 3
Game & Watch Gallery 4
Mario Party
Mario Party 2
Mario Party 3
Mario Party 4
Mario Party 5
Mario Party 6
Mario Party 7
Mario Party 8
Mario Party DS
Mario Party 9
Mario Party 10
Super Mario Party
Mario Party Advance
Mario Golf
Mario Golf: Toadstool Tour
Mario Golf: Advance Tour
Mario Tennis
Mario Power Tennis
Mario Sports Mix
Dr. Mario 64
Wario World
WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Microgame$! (WarioWare, Inc.: Minigame Mania in Europe)
WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Party Game$!
WarioWare: Twisted
WarioWare: Touched!
WarioWare: Smooth Moves
WarioWare: Snapped!
WarioWare D.I.Y.
WarioWare Gold
Super Mario 64 DS
Dance Dance Revolution: Mario Mix
Mario Smash Football
Mario Strikers Charged Football
Yoshi's Island DS
Wario: Master of Disguise
Ore Dayo! Wario Dayo!!
Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games
Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games
Super Smash Bros. Melee (non-playable, as trophy)
Super Smash Bros. Brawl
Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U
Super Smash Bros. Ultimate
Game & Wario

Reception

Wario ranked 10th on GameDaily's Top 10 Smash Bros. characters list. He also ranked seventh on GameDaily's top 10 ugliest game characters list; the authors referenced his snarling smile, moustache, and outfits. They also included him in a top 25 list of video game anti-heroes, stating that in spite of his greed, he's actually a "cool dude". Screwattack rated Wario as the 10th Biggest Douchebag in Gaming. IGN editor Travis Fahs commented that while he was not the most likable character, he has incredible confidence that overshadows his flaws and makes him an entertaining character. In an article written by Kombo editors Agustin Olvera and Stephen Smith, they exclaim their surprise that he had not appeared in Super Smash Bros. Melee as a playable character, stating that he would be a great addition to the game.

Related pages
Wario Land series

References

Fictional Italian people
Mario series characters
Iconoclasm means symbols of a culture (like icons or monuments) being destroyed by people of that same culture. This is usually done for religious or political motives. Often, it occurs together with major political or religious changes. It is generally distinct from destruction by foreigners, for example by Spanish conquistadors in America.  The term does not generally include the specific destruction of images of a ruler after his death or overthrow (damnatio memoriae), for example Akhenaten in Ancient Egypt. 

People who engage in or support iconoclasm are called iconoclasts. This word is also used for people  who are against established dogmata or conventions. Similarly, people who revere or venerate religious images are called idolators.  In an Eastern Orthodox context they are known as iconodules, or iconophiles.

Iconoclasm may be carried out by people of a different religion, but is often the result of sectarian disputes between factions of the same religion. The two Byzantine outbreaks during the 8th and 9th centuries were unusual because the use of images was the main issue in the dispute, rather than a by-product of wider concerns. In Christianity, iconoclasm has generally been motivated by a literal interpretation of the Ten Commandments, which forbid the making and worshipping of "graven images" of God.

References 

Religious ethics
Christianity of the Middle Ages
Triple-Zero (000) is the national emergency number within Australia. If someone has an emergency situation that is life threatening or time critical, this number will connect them to a Telstra operator who will then connect them to the police, fire or ambulance service as required. 112 is a secondary emergency number that will direct calls to the Triple Zero answering point. It is against the law to use this number if there is no emergency.

History 
Before 1961, Australia did not have a national number for emergency services; each of the different emergency branches (police, fire department or ambulance) had their own number. In 1961, the Postmaster General (PMG) introduced the Triple Zero (000) number in most of the major Australian cities and by the end of the 1980s it had become nation-wide. The number Triple Zero (000) was chosen for several reasons, one of which was that it was easy to dial in darkness because the number zero was next to the finger stop on most Australian telephones.

Possible uses 
A person would dial Triple-Zero (000) if they require a response from police, fire or ambulance for life threatening or time critical events.

Procedure 
When Triple-Zero (000) is dialled, a Telstra operator will answer and ask the caller the following: “Emergency, police, fire or ambulance?”. The Telstra operator will then connect the caller to the required emergency service. The emergency service call taker will then ask the caller further, and send assistance as required.

Related pages
 9-1-1
 Emergency
 Police
 Ambulance
 Fire

References 

Emergency phone numbers
Australia
German districts () are administrative units used in Germany for local government. 

The districts are in between the  (German states) and the local / municipal levels (). They are not to be confused with the larger . 

Their equivalent in other nations is the county or arrondissement.

Types of districts
Most of the districts are rural districts ().  There are 295 Landkreise. 

Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants (and smaller towns in some states) are not usually part of a district, but do the work of a district themselves. These are known as urban districts ( or Stadtkreise)  The equivalent in the United Kingdom is a unitary authority, they do the work of a town and a county.  There are 107 of these Kreisfreie Städte.

This makes a total of 402 districts.

In North Rhine-Westphalia, there are some cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants which are not urban districts, for example Iserlohn, Recklinghausen, Siegen, Paderborn, Bergisch Gladbach, Witten and Neuss. These cities belong to a district, but still do so the districts jobs themselves, as though they were independent.

Responsibilities
The districts are responsible for the following:

 according to federal and regional laws:
 the building and upkeep of B roads
 other building plans which cover more than one local authority's area
 caring for national parks
 social welfare
 youth welfare
 the building and upkeep of hospitals
 the building and upkeep of state institutes of secondary education
 household waste collection and disposal
 car registration
 electing the  or , the chairperson of the district

 according to local laws: (differ in each region)
 financial support for culture
 the building of pedestrian zones and bicycle lanes
 financial support for school exchanges
 the building and upkeep of public libraries
 revitalisation of the economy
 encouraging tourism
 the management of  (state run adult education colleges)

All these tasks are carried out by local (municipal) authorities operating together. Urban districts have these responsibilities and also those of the municipalities.

District council

The district council, the , is the legislative body of the district and is responsible for local self-administration. The parliament is elected every five years, except in Bavaria where it is elected every six years.

District administration

The person in charge of the district's government is the  or . In parts of northern Germany, this is also the name of the district administration, in southern Germany it is known as Kreisverwaltung.

Related pages
 List of German districts
 List of German urban districts
 List of German rural districts

 
Local government of Germany
Germany is divided into 401 administrative districts. There are 294 rural districts (), listed here. There are also 107 urban districts ( / ) listed in List of German urban districts.

Urban districts are large towns or cities which handle their own local government. Rural districts provide services for the smaller towns and villages in an area. In some states the towns and villages in a district are joined into ämter (although "amt" is not always the name used). This is because the towns and villages in the area are too small to provide the local services (for example fire brigade or cemeteries). If the "Amt" system is used towns or settlements might be "amtfrei" that is, not part of an amt because the town can handle its own local affairs.

In some states there is another level of government, the Regierungsbezirk or governmental district. Several urban and rural districts are joined to make a regierungsbezirk, which does some of their jobs, especially things like land-use planning which can affect several districts.

List

Related pages
 Districts of Germany
 List of German districts
 Local government of Germany
 Urban districts of Germany

Districts of Germany
Germany-related lists
Local government of Germany
Jack Fabian Peñate (born 2 September 1984) is a British singer-songwriter and musician, of English and Spanish heritage. He is signed to XL Recordings, the record label. Well known for his soulful ska-fuelled songs and eccentric dancing whilst on stage, his live performance has received some very high praise. He attended Alleyn's School and spent one year at University College London studying Classics before leaving to start his musical career. He performs with friends and band members Joel Porter (bass) and Alex Robins (drums).

Discography 
Singles:
 2006: "Second, Minute or Hour" (original release)
 2007: "Spit At Stars"
 2007: "Torn On The Platform" UK #7, UK Indie #1
 2007: "Second, Minute or Hour" – 24 September 2007 UK #17, UK Indie #1
 2007: "Have I Been A Fool" – 10 December 2007 UK #73, UK Indie #3

Albums:
 2007: Matinée – 8 October 2007 UK #7, UK Independent Label Albums #1

Other websites
 Official website
 The Sun article 
 Jack Penate: Matinee Review  – MnGR

1984 births
Living people
English singers
English songwriters
English musicians
Alumni of University College London
Upper Egypt is a narrow strip of land on both sides of the  Nile that extends from modern-day Aswan to the area south of modern-day Cairo. The northern part of Upper Egypt, between El-Aiyat and Asyut is sometimes called Middle Egypt.

Upper Egypt was known as Ta Shemau  which means "the land of reeds." It was divided into twenty-two districts called nomes. The first nome was roughly where modern Aswan is and the twenty-second was at modern Atfih (Aphroditopolis), just to the south of Cairo.

For most of pharaonic Egypt's history Thebes was the administrative centre of Upper Egypt. 

Upper Egypt was represented by the tall White Crown Hedjet, and its symbol was the flowering lotus.

It is in this region that the Arab Bedouin were installed before settling between Tunisia and eastern Algeria (Constantinois)

Related pages
Nomes of Egypt
Egypt
Ancient Egypt

References
 Ermann, Johann Peter Adolf; Hermann Grapow, eds., Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache
 The Encyclopedia Americana Grolier Incorporated, 1988
 Katheryn A. Bard, Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, Routledge 1999
 Michel Chauveau, Egypt in the Age of Cleopatra: History and Society Under the Ptolemies, Cornell University Press 2000
 Ann Rosalie David, The Egyptian Kingdoms, Elsevier Phaidon 1975

Footnotes

Ancient Egypt
Brandenburg an der Havel (Upper Sorbian: Branibor, Low German: Brannenborg an de Havel) is a town in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. It is on the banks of the Havel river. Population: 74,129 (December 31, 2005).

The town of Brandenburg is less known than the state of Brandenburg: But the state is named after the town, and so is the medieval Bishopric of Brandenburg, the Margravate of Brandenburg. Today it is a small town compared to nearby Berlin, but once it was the start of the countries of Brandenburg and Prussia.

History 
Brandenburg was only on western bank of the Havel until 1196. But even after that year the parts on either side of the river were regarded as two different towns (Old and New Brandenburg) for centuries.

In 1314 the two towns joined the Hanseatic League. In the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) the towns were robbed and destroyed. Potsdam became the new capital, and the Royal Court left the town of Brandenburg. In 1715 the two halves of the town were merged to form a single town.

The concentration camp Brandenburg-Görden was in Görden, a suburb of Brandenburg, during the years of Nazi Germany.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall the population dropped from over 100,000 in 1989 down to roughly 75,000 in 2005 through emigration. The migration mainly affects the young people and thus the future of the city is uncertain.

References 

Urban districts of Brandenburg
Earl Hooker (born January 15, 1929 in Clarksdale, Mississippi; died April 21, 1970 in Chicago, Illinois) was an American blues guitarist.

Life and career

Early life 
Earl Hooker was born Earl Zebedee Hooker in Clarksdale, Mississippi. He taught himself to play guitar around the age of 10 and began going to the Lyon & Healy Music School in 1941 soon after.

Teen life 
While a teen, Hooker played on Chicago street corners, sometimes with Bo Diddley. He also became friends with slide guitarist Robert Nighthawk, which led to Hooker playing slide guitar and some performances with Nighthawk's group outside of Chicago.

First band 
In 1949, Hooker moved to Memphis, joined Ike Turner's band, and played in the South.

Hooker made his first recordings mainly 78 rpm and 45 rpm records in 1952 and 1953 for small labels Rockin', King, and Sun. Hooker spent most of the '60s playing in Chicago clubs with his band.

First album 
In 1969 he recorded an album, Hooker 'n Steve, with organist Steve “Mr. Blues” Miller for Arhoolie Records. Hooker also played slide guitar on the 1962 Muddy Waters recording "You Shook Me". The 1970 album Sweet Black Angel, co-producer Ike Turner contain songs "I Feel Good", "Drivin' Wheel", "Country and Western", "Boogie", Don't Blot! "Shuffle", "Catfish Blues", "Crosscut Saw", "Sweet Home Chicago", "Mood", and "Funky Blues".

Death 
Earl Hooker died at the age of 41 from tuberculosis. He is buried in the Restvale Cemetery in Alsip, Illinois. His story was told in a 2001 book by author Sebastian Danchin titled Earl Hooker, Blues Master.

Discography

References

Blues guitarists
Chicago blues musicians
American guitarists
Musicians from Mississippi
1929 births
1970 deaths
Scrubland is plant community with scrub vegetation. "Scrub" means low shrubs, mixed with grasses, herbs, and geophytes.   

Scrublands are sometimes known as heathlands. Scrublands may develop naturally or as result of human activity. They may be the mature vegetation type in a particular region and remain stable over time, or a transitional community that occurs temporarily as the result of a disturbance, such as a major fire.  

Environments
This is a list of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants.

The following table lists all towns in Germany that currently have a population greater than 100,000. The federal capital is shown in yellow, state capitals (except Schwerin, which does not meet the list rules because it is too small) in light blue.


List 
Where a city has different names in English and German, the English name is given first.

References 
 Kaiserliches Statistisches Amt (Hrsg.): Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich, 1880-1918 
 Statistisches Reichsamt (Hrsg.): Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich, 1919-1941/42 
 Deutscher Städtetag (Hrsg.): Statistisches Jahrbuch Deutscher Gemeinden, 1890 ff. 
 Statistisches Bundesamt (Hrsg.): Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 1952 ff. 
 Staatliche Zentralverwaltung für Statistik (Hrsg.): Statistisches Jahrbuch der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, 1955-1989

Related pages 
List of German towns

Other websites 
 Statistisches Bundesamt - Gemeindeverzeichnis 
 Deutscher Städtetag  
 Germany by Map: All cities and communes

Germany-related lists
Germany

Germany
A Regierungsbezirk is a government region of Germany in some federal states (Bundesländer). 

Regierungsbezirke are divided into districts (Kreise), either Landkreise or urban districts: cities which constitute a district in their own right (kreisfreie Städte). The Regierungsbezirk is governed by a Bezirksregierung and led by a Regierungspräsident.

Not all Bundesländer have this sub-division; some are directly divided into districts. Currently, five states are divided into 22 Regierungsbezirke, ranging in population from 5,255,000 (Düsseldorf) to 1,065,000 (Gießen):

 Baden-Württemberg: Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Stuttgart, Tübingen
 Bavaria: Oberbayern, Niederbayern, Oberpfalz, Oberfranken, Mittelfranken, Unterfranken, Schwaben
 Hesse: Darmstadt, Gießen, Kassel
 North Rhine-Westphalia: Arnsberg, Cologne, Detmold, Düsseldorf, Münster
 Saxony: Chemnitz, Dresden, Leipzig

History 
The first Regierungsbezirke were created by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1808/16, which divided its provinces into 25 Regierungsbezirke. The Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia are in direct continuation of those created in 1815. Other states of the German Empire created similar entities, named Kreishauptmannschaft (in Saxony) or Kreis (in Bavaria and Württemberg) (not to be confused with the Kreis or Landkreis today). During the Third Reich, the Nazi government unified the naming; since then all these entities are called Regierungsbezirk.

On January 1 2000 Rhineland-Palatinate disbanded its three Regierungsbezirke Koblenz, Rheinhessen-Pfalz and Trier - the employees and assets of the three Bezirksregierungen were converted into three public authorities responsible for the whole state, each covering a part of the former responsibilities of the Bezirksregierung.

On January 1, 2004, Saxony-Anhalt disbanded its three Regierungsbezirke: Dessau, Halle and Magdeburg. The responsibilities are now covered by a Landesverwaltungsamt with three offices at the former seats of the Bezirksregierungen. 

On January 1, 2005, Lower Saxony disbanded its four Regierungsbezirke: Braunschweig, Hanover, Lüneburg, and Weser-Ems.

In 2005, North Rhine-Westphalia planned to abolish its five Regierungsbezirke and create three self-government entities. The old, "Prussian-style", Regierungsbezirk had no self-government organs.

 
Local government of Germany
The Flora family of asteroids is a big group of S-type asteroids in the closer part of the main belt, whose origin and properties are not well understood right now. About 4-5% of all main belt asteroids belong to this family.

Because of its poorly defined edges, and the location of Flora itself near the edge, this asteroid group has also sometimes been called the Ariadne family, when Flora did not make it into the group during an analysis (e.g. the WAM analysis by Zappala 1995).

Characteristics
The biggest member is 8 Flora, which mesures 140 km in diameter, and takes up about 80% of the total family mass. Nevertheless, the parent body was almost for sure destroyed by the impact/s that made the family, and Flora is probably a gravitational aggregate of most of the pieces. 43 Ariadne makes up much of the remaining mass (about a further 9%, with the remaining family members being fairly small, below 30 km in diameter.

Unrelated asteroids
Because of the high background density of asteroids in this part of space, one might expect that a great number of asteroids unrelated to the collision that made the family would be present. However, few have been found. This is because unrelated asteroids are hard to distinguish from family members because the family is of the same spectral type (S) that dominates the closer main belt overall. The few unrelated asteroids that have been found are all small (Florczak et al. 1998, and also by inspection of the PDS asteroid taxonomy data set  for non S-type members.) They include 298 Baptistina, 422 Berolina, 2093 Genichesk, 2259 Sofievka (the biggest, with a 21 km diameter), 2952 Liliputia, 3533 Toyota, 3850 Peltier, 3875 Staehle, 4278 Harvey, 4396 Gressmann, and 4750 Mukai.

References 
 V. Zappalà, Ph. Bendjoya, A. Cellino, P. Farinella and C. Froeschlé, Asteroid Families: Search of a 12,487-Asteroid Sample Using Two Different Clustering Techniques , Icarus, Volume 116, Issue 2 (August 1995), pages 291-314
 M. Florczak et al. A Visible Spectroscopic Survey of the Flora Clan, Icarus Vol. 133, p. 233 (1998).
 PDS asteroid taxonomy data set 
 S.J. Bus and R.P. Binzel, Phase II of the Small Main-Belt Asteroid Spectroscopic Survey, Icarus Vol. 158, p. 106 (2002). Data set online here .
 D. Nesvorný et al. The Flora Family: A Case of the Dynamically Dispersed Collisional Swarm?, Icarus, Vol. 157, p. 155 (2002).
 AstDys site. Proper elements for 96944 numbered minor planets.
 P. Tanga et al. On the Size Distribution of Asteroid Families: The Role of Geometry, Icarus, Vol. 141, p. 65 (1999).
 J. Veverka et al. Galileo's Encounter with 951 Gaspra: Overview, Icarus, Vol. 107, p. 2 (1994).

Asteroids
Mike Dirnt (born Ryan Pritchard on May 4, 1972, in Berkeley, California) is the bass guitar player from the punk rock band Green Day, he also sings back up vocals.

Personal life 
Dirnt was adopted. His adoptive parents divorced when he was 7, and both are now remarried. Dirnt owns a restaurant in California called "Rudy's Can't Fail Cafe". He married his long time girlfriend Anastasia in 1996 and their daughter, Estella-Desiree, "Stella", was born in April 1997. He recently was remarried in 2004, however his wife left him because he spent too much time in the studio recording American Idiot.  Dirnt lives in Oakland, California.

1972 births
Living people
Bassists
Green Day
Businesspeople from Berkeley, California
Businesspeople from San Diego, California
Musicians from Berkeley, California
Musicians from San Diego, California
Tré Cool (born Frank Edwin Wright III on December 9, 1972, in Frankfurt, Germany) is a German-born American drummer for the punk band Green Day.

Appearance 
He has red hair and blue eyes.

Personal life 
He has two children, Ramona, born January 1995 to ex-wife, Lisea Lyons; Frankito ("Little Frank"), born 2001 to Claudia. Tré grew up with his father and 2 siblings. He dated The Donnas drummer Torry Castellano in 2003, they then separated in mid 2005. Tre' Cool is currently single.

References 

1972 births
Living people
American drummers
American punk musicians
American rock musicians
New wave musicians
Musicians from Oakland, California
Green Day
IG Farben (short for Interessen-Gemeinschaft Farbenindustrie
AG), was a group of German chemical companies formed in 1925.  Farben is German for "paints", "dyes", or "colors". 

Initially most of these companies produced dyes, but soon began to do more advanced chemistry. The founding of IG Farben was a reaction to Germany's defeat in World War I. IG Farben held a near total monopoly on chemical production. 

IG was the company which produced chemical weapons which were available to the Wehrmacht in WWII. These included nerve gases which were never used against the allied armies for the reason that the Allies were though to have the same capability. However, Zyklon B was used in the Holocaust to murder Jewish prisoners. The SS was an authorized applier of the chemical.

References 

World War II
Sukarno (6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. He helped the country win its independence from the Netherlands. He was President from 1945 to 1967, presiding with mixed success over the country's rough switch to independence. Sukarno was forced to resign by one of his generals, Suharto. Suharto formally became President in March 1967.

The spelling "Sukarno" has been official in Indonesia since 1947. It is still common to see the older spelling Soekarno, mainly because he signed his name with the old spelling. Official Indonesian presidential decrees from 1947-1968, however, printed his name using the 1947 spelling.

Indonesians also remember him as Bung Karno or ''Pak'' Karno. Like many Javanese people, he had only one name; in religious contexts, he was occasionally referred to as 'Achmad Sukarno'.

References 

|-

1901 births
1970 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Presidents of Indonesia
Muslims
Mettembert is a municipality in the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Jura
Montsevelier is a former municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Montsevelier, Vermes and Vicques merged into the new municipality of Val Terbi.

Former municipalities of Jura
Movelier is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Jura
Pleigne is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Jura
Rebeuvelier was a municipality in Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019, the former municipalities of Rebeuvelier and Vellerat became part of the municipality of Courrendlin.

References 

Former municipalities of Jura
Rossemaison is a municipality of the district of Delémont of the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Jura
Saulcy is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Jura
Soulce is a former municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Soulce, Bassecourt, Courfaivre, Glovelier and Undervelier merged into the new municipality of Haute-Sorne.

Other websites

Former municipalities of Jura
2013 disestablishments in Switzerland
Soyhières is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Jura