cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building (O&C) (previously known as the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building) is a factory located at Kennedy Space Center.

The building was built in 1964, and made from reinforced concrete and steel.

Its purpose is to make and test out rocket parts such as the Apollo Command/Service Module, Lunar Module, Space Shuttle Spacelab modules, and truss components for the International Space Station. Once manufacturing and check-testing is complete, the spacecraft modules or space stations are checked out of the factory to the SSPF or the Vehicle Assembly Building for integration and launch.

The O&C is actually a two-part building with connected overhead walkways. The front building is where astronauts live in dormitories before launching into space. It also has a few conference rooms, several laboratories, and a restaurant. The rear building is where the spacecraft manufacturing workshop is located.

In 2014, the O&C was named in honor of the first man on the moon: Neil Armstrong.

References

NASA
Buildings and structures in Florida
The Pacific Coast League (PCL) is a minor league baseball league in the United States. Like the International League and the Mexican League, the PCL plays at the Triple-A level, the most difficult level before Major League Baseball (MLB). It was so-named because it started with six teams from the states of California, Oregon, and Washington, which are next to the Pacific Ocean. Today, the league has 16 teams across 11 states from California to Tennessee, and from Washington to Texas.

Started in 1903, the PCL was a popular baseball league in the Western United States until 1958 when MLB teams moved there and MLB games began to be shown on television.

References

Other websites
The league's website
The league's statistics from Baseball Reference

Baseball leagues
ICN Business School is an European higher studies establishment. The school is in 4 places, in La Défense, Nancy, Berlin and Nuremberg. It has been established in 1905. 

ICN is specialist in the fields of economics, social sciences and management.

References

Further reading 
 ICN website

Education in France
Flor de Caña (which means 'Sugarcane flower' in Spanish) is a type of premium rum that is made by the company, Compañía Licorera de Nicaragua.

History 
The company started making this rum in the year 1890.

References

Other websites 
Flor De Cana's Website 

1890s establishments in North America
1890 establishments
Food companies
Drink companies
Nicaraguan culture
Tetragonia tetragonoides, commonly called New Zealand spinach and other local names, is a flowering plant in the fig-marigold family (Aizoaceae). It is often cultivated as a leafy vegetable.

Gallery

References

Leaf vegetables
The Sino-Indian War was a war between India and China,  in 1962, over a border dispute in the Himalayas. China won the war, but there were almost no changes in territory.

1960s in China
20th century in India
1962
Wars involving China
Wars involving India
October events
November events
A dark-sky preserve (DSP) is protected area without light pollution created by humans. These areas are used to help promote astronomy. Different countries have different programs for making areas dark-sky preserves. The International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) uses the word reserve instead of park, or preserve with their dark-sky preserves. This is so that people don't confuse International Dark Sky Reserves (IDSR) and International Dark Sky Parks (IDSP).

In Canada, there is a very strict way to make areas dark-sky preserves. This was based on the work by the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. The program is based on the amount of light in an area and how much skyglow there is from cities and towns that are close to it. Canada's program is the only one in the world that makes areas dark-sky preserves. Outside Canada, when areas are called dark-sky preserves, they are not official, and might not be a real dark or protected preserve.

List of dark-sky preserves, reserves, and parks

References

 
Astronomy
Protected areas
Light
The dictatorship of the proletariat is a condition of society where the working class has more power to govern than every other social class.

References 

Communism
Forms of government
Marxism
Politics of the Soviet Union
Revolutions
Soviet Union
Sherman County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the county has a population of 1,765 people. The county seat is Moro.

Oregon counties
Morrow County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the county has a population of 11,173 people. The county seat is Heppner.

Oregon counties
Tillamook County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the county has a population of 25,250 people. The county seat is Tillamook.

Oregon counties
Union County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the county has a population of 25,748 people. The county seat is La Grande.

Oregon counties
Gold Beach is a city in Oregon in the United States. It is the county seat of Curry County.

Cities in Oregon
County seats in Oregon
Grand Hotel is a 1932 American drama movie directed by Edmund Goulding and based on the 1929 novel Menschen im Hotel by Vicki Baum and the 1930 play by William A. Drake. It stars Greta Garbo, Joan Crawford, John Barrymore, Lionel Barrymore, Wallace Berry, Lewis Stone, Jean Hersholt, Tully Marshall and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It won an Academy Award in 1932 and was remade as Week-End at the Waldorf in 1945.

Other websites
 

1932 movies
1930s drama movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Edmund Goulding
Zürich Stock Exchange (also known as SIX Swiss Exchange) is based in Zurich. It is Switzerland's main stock exchange. The other stock exchange is Berne eXchange.

It is owned by SIX Group which is an unlisted public limited company itself and is controlled by 122 banks or financial institutions.

Zürich Stock Exchange was founded in 1993. It was created by merging the Geneva stock exchange, the Basel stock exchange and the Zurich stock exchange into the Verein Schweizerische Effektenbörse.

References

Stock exchanges in Europe
Buildings and structures in Switzerland
The Schwarzschild metric was calculated by Karl Schwarzschild as a solution to Einstein's field equations in 1916. Also known as Schwarzschild solution, it is an equation from general relativity in the field of astrophysics. A metric refers to an equation which describes spacetime; in particular, a Schwarzschild metric describes the gravitational field around a Schwarzschild black hole - a non-rotating, spherical black hole with no magnetic field, and where the cosmological constant is zero.

It is essentially an equation that describes how a particle moves through the space near a black hole.

Derivation 
Although a more complicated way of calculating the Schwarzschild metric can be found using Christoffel Symbols, it can also be derived using the equations for escape velocity (), time dilation (dt'), length contraction (dr'):

 (1)

v is the velocity of the particle 
G is the gravitational constant 
M is the mass of the black hole 
r is how close the particle is to the heavy object

 (2) 
 (3)

dt' is the particle's true change in time 
dt is the particle's change in time  
dr' is the true distance traveled 
dr is the particle's change in distance  
v is the velocity of the particle 
c is the speed of light

Note: the true time interval and true distance traveled by the particle are different than the time and distance calculated in classical physics calculations, since it is traveling in such a heavy gravitational field!

Using the equation for flat spacetime in spherical coordinates:

 (4)

ds is the path of the particle

 is the angle 
d and d are the change in angles

Inputting the equations for escape velocity, time dilation, and length contraction (equations 1, 2, and 3) into the equation for flat spacetime (equation 4), to get the 
Schwarzschild metric:

 (5)

From this equation we can take out the Schwarzschild radius (), the radius of this black hole. Although this is most commonly used to describe a Schwarzschild black hole, the Schwarzschild radius can be calculated for any heavy object.

 (6)

 is the set radius limit of the object

References 

Relativity
Astrophysics
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud is a 1975 American psychological horror drama movie directed J. Lee Thompson and is based on the 1973 novel of the same name by Max Ehrlich. It stars Michael Sarrazin, Margot Kidder, Jennifer O'Neill, Paul Hecht. It was distributed by American International Pictures. David Fincher and Andrew Kevin Walker had announced the remake in 2009.

References

Other websites

1975 horror movies
1975 drama movies
American horror movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies about reincarnation
Movies directed by J. Lee Thompson
John Joseph McCarthy (April 25, 1934 – May 9, 2020) was an American basketball player and coach. He was born in Buffalo, New York. He played for the National Basketball Association from 1956 to 1964. He played for the Cincinnati Royals, St. Louis Hawks and the Boston Celtics. He coached the Buffalo Braves from 1971 to 1972.

McCarthy died on May 9, 2020 in Buffalo at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
 BasketballReference.com: Johnny McCarthy (as player)
 BasketballReference.com: Johnny McCarthy (as coach)

1934 births
2020 deaths
National Basketball Association coaches
Sacramento Kings players
Atlanta Hawks players
Boston Celtics players
Sportspeople from Buffalo, New York
Gabriel Bacquier (17 May 1924 – 13 May 2020) was a French operatic baritone. He was a long-term member of the Opéra-Comique and the Paris Opera. He also appeared at leading opera houses in Europe and the United States.

Bacquier made his American debut at the Lyric Opera of Chicago in 1962 as the High Priest in Samson et Dalila by Saint-Saëns.

Bacquier died on 13 May 2020, aged 95.

References

1924 births
2020 deaths
French singers
The Civic Opera Building is a 45-story office tower at 20 North Wacker Drive in Chicago. The building opened November 4, 1929, and has an Art Deco interior. It has a 3,563-seat opera house, the Civic Opera House, which is the second-largest opera auditorium in North America. 

Today, the opera house is the permanent home of the Lyric Opera of Chicago.

Other websites
"The Magic Wand of the Opera" Popular Mechanics, February 1930, pp 202-205 technical details of the 1929 advances Civic Opera House over other opera houses of that era - i.e. curtains, back-drops, movable stages, lighting, etc
Chicago landmarks web site with photos of the building
Civic Opera House website
Lyric Opera website

Buildings and structures in Chicago, Illinois
Bounnhang Vorachith (; born 15 August 1937) is a Laotian politician. He was General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and President of Laos from 2016 to 2021. He was Prime Minister from 2001 to 2006 and Vice President of Laos from 2006 to 2016.

References

1938 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Laos
Presidents of Laos
Vice Presidents of Laos
Thongloun Sisoulith ,ထောင်လုန် သိသုလိဒ် (; born 10 November 1946) is a Laotian politician. In 2021, he became the President of Laos. He was the Prime Minister of Laos from 2016 until 2021.

Related pages

General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party

References

1946 births
Current national leaders
Living people
President of Laos
Prime Ministers of Laos
Lieutenant General Choummaly Sayasone (Lao: ᝤᝳᝫᝮᝲ ᝰᝬᝮᝳᝨ; born 6 March 1936) is a Laotian politician. He was the General Secretary (leader) of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). He was the  President of Laos from 2006 to 2016. He was the third Vice President of Laos from 2001 to 2006.

References

1936 births
Living people
Presidents of Laos
Vice Presidents of Laos
Phankham Viphavanh (; born 1951) is a Laotian politician. In 2021, he became the Prime Minister of Laos. He is a member of Politburo. He is the Executive Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. He was the Vice President of Laos from 2016 until 2021.

References

Living people
1951 births
Prime Ministers of Laos
Vice Presidents of Laos
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
Thongsing Thammavong (Lao: ᝦᝳᝥᝰᝲᝥᝦᝫᝪᝳᝥ; born 12 April 1944) is a Laotian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Laos from 2010 to 2016. He is a member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). He has been a member of the LPRP Politburo since 1991. He was the President of the National Assembly from 2006 to 2010.

References

1944 births
Living people
Presidents of the National Assembly (Laos)
Prime Ministers of Laos
Pany Yathotou (born 18 February 1951) is a Laotian politician. She is a member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. In 2021, she became the Vice President of Laos.

She was the chairman and governor of the Bank of the Lao P.D.R. from 1988 until 1997. Yathotou later became a member of the National Assembly in 1998. She became the President of the National Assembly of Laos in 2010.

References

1950s births
Living people
Vice Presidents of Laos
Presidents of the National Assembly (Laos)
The National Assembly (Laotian: Sapha Heng Xat, French: Assemblée nationale) is the unicameral parliament of Laos. The National Assembly meets in Vientiane.

Laos is a one-party state, with the Lao People's Revolutionary Party as the sole legal party in the country.

References

Laos
Vicki is a 1953 American crime drama movie directed by Harry Horner and is based on I Wake Up Screaming by Steve Fisher is a remake of the 1941 movie. It stars Jeanne Crain, Jean Peters, Elliott Reid, Richard Boone, Aaron Spelling, Carl Betz. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1950s crime movies
1953 drama movies
American crime drama movies
is a 1953 Japanese drama movie directed by Yasujirō Ozu and starring Chishū Ryū, Chieko Higashiyama, Setsuko Hara, Haruko Sugimura, So Yamamura, Kuniko Miyake. It was distributed by Shochiku.

Other websites
 

1953 drama movies
Japanese movies
Japanese-language movies
Movies directed by Yasujirō Ozu
The Incorporated Village of Lattingtown is a village located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, New York in the United States. The population was 1,739 at the 2010 census. 

Lattingtown is located at  (40.894334, -73.595118).

References

Villages in New York
Big is a 1988 American fantasy comedy-drama movie directed by Penny Marshall. It stars Tom Hanks as Adult Josh Baskin, a young boy who makes a wish "to be big" and then becomes an adult the next day. The movie also stars Elizabeth Perkins, David Moscow as young Josh, John Heard and Robert Loggia

Big had two Academy Award nominations for Best Actor (Hanks) and Best Original Screenplay.

References

1980s fantasy movies
1988 comedy-drama movies
American fantasy movies
American comedy-drama movies
Movies directed by Penny Marshall
The COVID-19 pandemic spread to the United States in January 2020. The first confirmed case of local transmission was recorded in January in Chicago and the first known deaths happened in February.

By the end of March, cases had happened in all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and all U.S. territories except American Samoa.

Deaths
, the U.S. has the most confirmed active cases and deaths in the world and its death rate was 206 per million people, the tenth-highest rate globally.

Trump response
The Trump administration made a public health emergency on January 31, then on February2nd he began to end the entry of most foreign nationals who had recently traveled to China. People have said that the country's response to the pandemic was slow in regards to testing and medical response.

Warnings
On February 25, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warned the American public for the first time to prepare for a local outbreak.

National emergency
A national emergency was declared on March 13. In early March, the Food and Drug Administration began allowing public health agencies and private companies to create and carry out tests. The Trump administration waited until mid-March to start purchasing large amounts of medical equipment.

On March 16, the White House announced that they were against any gatherings of more than ten people. Since March 19, 2020, the U.S. Department of State has said all U.S. citizens to avoid all international travel.

State and local responses
State and local responses to the outbreak have included cancellation of large gatherings, stay-at-home orders, and the closing of schools and other educational institutions. 

Large numbers of outbreaks in the U.S. were seen in black American populations. 

Many numbers of infections and deaths have happened in nursing homes, long-term care facilities, prisons, and other detention centers, meatpacking plants, churches, and larger cities such as New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Seattle.

Prisons

In July 2020, scientists from Johns Hopkins University told people that deaths from COVID-19 in United States prisons were much higher than the average for the whole country. There were about 3251 sick prisoners and 39 deaths out of every 100,000 prisoners. The national average was about 587 sick United States residents and 29 deaths for every 100,000 United States residents.

References

 
United States
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to Spain on 31 January 2020, when a German tourist tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in La Gomera, Canary Islands. By 13 March, cases had been confirmed in all 50 provinces of the country.

A state of alarm and national lockdown was made on 14 March. On 29 March it was announced that, beginning the following day, all non-essential workers were to stay home for the next 14 days. By late March, the Community of Madrid has recorded the most cases and deaths in the country. 

On 25 March the death toll in Spain passed that of mainland China, and only Italy's was higher. 

On 2April, 950 people died of the virus in a 24-hour period—at the time, the most by any country in a single day. The next day Spain passed Italy in total cases and is now second only to the United States.

References

21st century in Spain
Spain
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to Italy on 30 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists in Rome tested positive for the virus.

Clusters
A large amount of cases was later found, starting with 16 confirmed cases in Lombardy on 21 February, and 60 additional cases and the first deaths on 22 February. By the beginning of March, the virus had spread to all regions of Italy.

On 30 January, the Italian government stopped all flights to and from China and declared a state of emergency. In February, eleven cities in northern Italy were seen as the centres of the two main Italian infected areas and placed under quarantine. The majority of positive cases in other regions traced back to these two areas.

Conte's response
On 8 March 2020, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte expanded the quarantine to all of Lombardy and 14 other northern provinces, and on the following day to all of Italy were placed on quarantine. On 11 March 2020, Conte prohibited nearly all commercial activity except for supermarkets and pharmacies. 

On 21 March, the Italian government closed all non-essential businesses and industries, and stopped movement of people.

Cases
, Italy has 78,457 active cases, one of the highest in the world.
Overall there have been 
222,104 confirmed cases and 
31,106 deaths (a rate of 509  deaths per million population), while there have been  
112,541 recoveries or dismissals. 

By 13 May, Italy had tested about 1,779,000 people. Because of the limited number of tests performed, the real number of infected people in Italy, as in other countries, is seen to be higher than the official count.

Numbers
On 19 March, Italy became the country with the highest number of confirmed coronavirus deaths; however, on 11 April, the United States topped Italy.

References

2020s in Italy
Italy
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Iran reported its first confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections on 19 February 2020 in Qom. The virus may have been brought to the country by a merchant from Qom who had travelled to China.

Government response
In response to the coronavirus the government cancelled public events and Friday prayers. They closed schools, universities, shopping centres, bazaars, and holy shrines; and banned festival celebrations. 

Economic help were also announced to help families and businesses. The government at first did not support plans to quarantine entire cities and areas. The government later announced a ban on travel between cities following an increase in the number of new cases.

Numbers
Some outside guesses of the numbers of COVID-19 deaths are much higher than those from government sources, with one saying over 40,000 deaths. The government has also been accused of cover-ups, censorship, and not handling the pandemic well. However, the World Health Organization says that it has not seen problems with Iran's reported numbers.

Cases and deaths
Many government ministers and senior officials have been diagnosed as SARS-CoV-2 positive. 23 members of the Parliament (around 8% of all MPs) tested positive. 

At least 12 sitting or former Iranian politicians and officials had died from the virus by 17 March.

Notable deaths 
Some of the well known Iranians reported to have died from COVID-19 include:

 Hadi Khosroshahi, 
 Mohammad Mirmohammadi
 Hossein Sheikholeslam
 Fatemeh Rahbar
 Reza Mohammadi Langroudi 
 Mohammad-Reza Rahchamani
 Nasser Shabani
 Hashem Bathaie Golpayegani
 Hamid Kahram

References

21st century in Iran
Iran
| recovery_cases  = 
| deaths          = 
| fatality_rate   = 
| territories     = 28 states and 7 union territories
}}
The first case of the COVID-19 pandemic in India was reported on 30 January 2020, originating from China. As of , the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare have confirmed a total of 78,003 cases, 26,235 recoveries (including 1 migration) and 2,549 deaths in the country.

Numbers
The infection rate of COVID-19 in India is reported to be 1.7, which was lower than in the worst affected countries.

The outbreak has been called an epidemic in more than a dozen states and union territories.

Response
On 22 March 2020, India made a 14-hour voluntary public curfew at the instance of the prime minister Narendra Modi. The government followed it up with lockdowns in 75 districts where COVID-19 cases had occurred as well as all major cities. On 24 March, the prime minister ordered a nationwide lockdown for 21 days, affecting the entire 1.3billion population of India. On 14 April, the prime minister extended the nationwide lockdown until 3 May.

Lockdown effects
People worried about the economic effects caused by the lockdown, which has would have on informal workers, micro and small enterprises, farmers and the self-employed.

Observers state that the lockdown has slowed the growth rate of the pandemic by 6 April to a rate of doubling every 6 days, and, by 18 April, to a rate of doubling every 8 days.

The Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT), in its report based on data from 73 countries, reports that the Indian Government has responded more strictly than other countries in the pandemic.

Notes

References

2020s in India
India
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic spread to Germany on 27 January 2020, when the first case was confirmed near Munich, Bavaria.

Background
The majority of cases in January and early February came from the same automobile-parts business place as the first case. On 25 and 26 February, multiple cases related to the Italian outbreak were found in Baden-Württemberg. A large number linked to a carnival event was formed in Heinsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, with the first death reported on 9March 2020. New larger groups were found in other regions via Heinsberg as well as by people arriving from China, Iran and Italy, from where non-Germans could arrive by plane until 17–18 March.

Stages
The outbreaks were first managed in a containment stage, which tried to lower the increase of larger infected areas. The German government and several health officials stated the country was ready and did not create special measures to increase medical supplies or limit public freedom. Since 13 March, the pandemic has been managed in the protection stage. Two days later, borders to five neighboring countries were closed.

Actions
By 22 March, all regional governments had announced curfews or restrictions in public spaces. Throughout Germany, travelling is only allowed in groups of two people unless they are from the same household.

Some German states added more restrictions allowing people to leave their homes only for specified activities including commuting to work, exercising or purchasing food.

Numbers
 173,699 cases had been reported with 7,791 deaths and about 147,200 recoveries. The low fatality rate in Germany, compared to Italy and Spain, has resulted in a debate and explanations that say the country's higher number of tests performed, higher number of available intensive care beds with respiratory support, absence of COVID-19 analyses in autopsies and higher proportion of positive cases among younger people.

Notes

References

2020s in Germany
Germany
The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached France on 24 January 2020, when the first COVID-19 case in both Europe and France was identified in Bordeaux.

The beginning
The first five confirmed cases were all people who had recently arrived from China. A Chinese tourist who was admitted to hospital in Paris on 28 January died on 14 February, making it the first Covid-19 death in France. The annual assembly of the Christian Open Door Church between 17 and 24 February in Mulhouse which was attended by about 2,500 people was believed where the virus spread throughout France.

Macron's response          
On 12 March, French President Emmanuel Macron announced on public television that all schools and all universities would close from Monday 16 March until further notice. The next day, Prime Minister Édouard Philippe banned gatherings of more than 100 people, not including public transport. The following day, the prime minister ordered the closure of all non-essential public places, including restaurants, cafés, cinemas and nightclubs, effective at midnight. 

On 16 March, Macron announced mandatory home order for 15 days starting at noon on 17 March. This was extended twice, until 11 May, after which the order would end only if citizens wore face masks.

Emergency
On 2 May, Olivier Véran announced that the government would seek to extend the health emergency until 24 July. Many mayors were against the 11 May lifting of the lockdown, which had been announced by the President a few weeks earlier in a televised address to the nation, and said it was too soon. Veran's bill was discussed in Senate on 4 May.

Cases
, France has reported over 140,734 confirmed cases, 27,074 deaths, and 58,673 recoveries, ranking sixth in number of confirmed cases, passing China where the outbreak began.

References                      

2020 in Europe
2020s in France
France
The COVID-19 pandemic in Canada is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ().

The beginning
The disease was confirmed to have reached Canada on January 27, 2020, after a man who had returned to Toronto from Wuhan, Hubei, China, tested positive. , there have been over 134,000 confirmed cases, 118,000 recoveries and 9,000 deaths in the country. The Government of Canada says that around 11,000–22,000 deaths could happen over the course of the pandemic.

Cases
Most of those cases are in Canada's most populous provinces, Ontario (19,598 cases, 1,540 deaths) and Quebec (36,150 cases, 2,725 deaths). 

Confirmed cases have been reported in all of Canada's provinces and territories, with the exception of Nunavut. An additional 13 cases involve citizens from the Grand Princess cruise ship. 

Among the Canadians who contracted the virus was Sophie Grégoire Trudeau, wife of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, who tested positive for the virus on March 12 after which the family went into self-isolation. By March 28, she had recovered.

Spread
Until March, all cases were linked to recent travel to a country with a large number of cases. The first case of community transmission in Canada was confirmed in British Columbia on March 5,  and Toronto's chief health officer announced on March 16 that there is "some evidence of community transmission" (that the disease was spreading within the country).

Closures
In mid March, as cases of community transmission were confirmed, all of Canada's provinces and territories declared states of emergency. Provinces and territories made school and daycare shutdown, ended on gatherings, closed non-essential businesses, restrictions on entry, and mandatory self-isolation for travellers. 

Canada severely restricted its border access.

References

21st century in Canada
Canada
The COVID-19 pandemic was reported to have spread to Ecuador on 29 February 2020. That was when a woman in her 70s tested positive for the virus. Ecuador was described in April as the growing "epicentre" of the pandemic in Latin America.

Deaths
The city of Guayaquil has had so many deaths that bodies are being left in the street. Ecuador gave out cardboard coffins because the country had diffculty removing all the dead bodies. The government was planning to build emergency cemeteries to dispose of the bodies which are left in the streets.

Vaccination
In April 2021, newly elected President Guillermo Lasso said that his main priorities after being inaugurated would be to increase the COVID-19 vaccination rates in the country. Lassos said he aim for bilateral talks with Russia, China, the United States, the European Union and Chile to try to acquire vaccines.

Numbers
The number of deaths was believed to be higher than the official figure because not enough testing was being done. A New York Times analysis found 7,600 more deaths had happened from 1 March to 15 April as the mortality rate spiked to three times as much as usual. That showed that the official death toll was lower than the actual death toll.

Current number of cases by provinces

Notes

References

History of Ecuador
Ecuador
The COVID-19 pandemic spread to Russia on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists in Tyumen, Siberia and Chita, Russian Far East tested positive for the virus, with both cases being contained.

Measures
Early prevention measures happened within the first cases. They included restricting the border with China and large testing. The infection spread from Italy on 2 March, leading to more measures such as cancelling events, closing schools, theatres and museums, shutting the border, and declaring a non-working period which lasted up to 11 May, having been extended twice.

Cases
By the end of March, lockdowns were added in the large majority of federal subjects, including Moscow. By 17 April, cases were confirmed in all federal areas. On 27 April, the number of confirmed cases passed those in China and on 30 April, it passed 100,000.

As of 14 May, Russia has 252,245 confirmed cases, 53,530 recoveries, 2,305 deaths, and over 6.1 million tests performed, ranking second in number of confirmed cases. The city of Moscow is currently the most affected, having the majority of confirmed cases.

References

Russia
CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)
Current events
2020 in Russia
2021 in Russia
2022 in Russia
The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Mexico in February 2020. However, the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) reported two cases of COVID-19 in mid-January 2020 in the states of Nayarit and Tabasco, one case per state.

As of May 13, there had been 40,186 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico and 4,220 reported deaths, although the Secretariat of Health said in early May 2020 that there were more than 104,562 cases in Mexico.

Background
On January 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a large group of people in Wuhan, Hubei, China, which was reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019.

Early action
On January 22, 2020, the Secretariat of Health issued a statement saying that the novel coronavirus COVID-19 was not a threat to Mexico. 441 cases had been confirmed in China, Thailand, South Korea, and the United States. A travel warning was issued on January 9.

First cases
On February 28, Mexico confirmed its first three cases. A 35-year-old man and a 59-year-old man in Mexico City and a 41-year-old man in the northern state of Sinaloa tested positive and were held in isolation at a hospital and a hotel. They had travelled to Bergamo and stayed in Italy for a week in mid-February.

López Obrador's reaction
President Andrés Manuel López Obrador did not take the pandemic seriously such as the impact of coronavirus. He said "Pandemics ... won't do anything to us," and criticized the press and the opposition for its reportage.

A poll showed that 63% of Mexicans feared contracting COVID-19 and 25.5% feared dying from it. 28% said they were not willing to stay in their homes. 38.6% believed President López Obrador was handling the situation well, and 37% disapproved.

References

21st century in Mexico
Mexico
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Brazil on 25 February 2020, when a man from São Paulo tested positive for the virus. 

As of 13 May 2020, 188,974 cases have been confirmed in the country, causing 13,149 deaths.

Background
On 12 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.

Cases
On 17 March, Brazil's first coronavirus-related death was confirmed. At this time, there were 291 confirmed cases in the country. Three days later, State health departments reported almost a thousand confirmed cases across 23 of 26 states and also in the Federal District.

A month after the first confirmed case on February 26, the Ministry of Health reported that Brazil had 2,915 confirmed cases and 77 deaths. On 30 April, Brazil overtook China in number of confirmed cases, passing 87,000.

Government responses

The pandemic has caused a large difference of responses from federal, state and local governments. On 27 March Brazil announced a temporary ban on foreign air travelers, and most state governors have added quarantines to prevent the spread of the virus.

Criticism of Bolsonaro's response
Despite the global impact of the virus and guidelines from the World Health Organization, President Jair Bolsonaro says that the risk caused by coronavirus has been exaggerated. State governors have disagreed, causing lockdowns measures in their own states.

On 13 March, President Jair Bolsonaro tested negative for COVID-19. The same day, the Ministry of Health issued a warning recommending Brazilians and foreigners arriving in Brazil to stay in isolation for at least 7 days.

References

2020s in Brazil
Brazil
The 2020 Pacific typhoon season is an ongoing event of which when typhoons form in the Pacific Ocean. The season lasts all year, although most tropical cyclones form between May and October. The season's first tropical cyclone formed on May 10, making it the sixth-latest start in the basin on record.

Typhoon Vongfong (Ambo), the season’s first storm, became a Category 3 typhoon and struck the Philippines, causing extensive damages during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Season summary

The first few months of 2020 were extremely quiet, with no tropical systems developing between the months of January and April. On May 10, the season saw its first tropical system with the development of Ambo, making it the sixth-latest starting season on record, as well as the latest since 2016. Two days later, the system strengthened to the first officially named tropical storm of the season, Vongfong. Vongfong then hit the Philippines at peak intensity, and weakened soon after landfall.

After Vongfong, a month of inactivity ensued, and on June 10, a new tropical depression formed off the coast of Samar, and was named Butchoy by the PAGASA a day later. Butchoy made landfall in the Philippines as the JTWC issued a tropical cyclone formation alert for it. It then got upgraded to a tropical storm, and impacted Hong Kong, Macau and parts of China upon landfall.

List of storms

Typhoon Vongfong 

A low-pressure area near Micronesia slowly organized over the course of a few hours, and developed into a tropical depression soon after. It became the first tropical cyclone to form in the Western Pacific in 2020, and PAGASA named it "Ambo". Favourable sea temperatures, low wind shear and excellent vertical outflow made the system intensify into a tropical storm, then the JMA named it "Vongfong".

Less than a day later, when convection started to rapidly organize around the storm's center, and a well-defined rain band at the northwest side of the storm, JTWC upgraded it to a typhoon. Vongfong made landfall on Samar Island at around 12 PM Philippines Time. It began to weaken because of many landfalls over the Philippines, and emerged into the South China Sea on May 17. It turned north and dissipated due to high wind shear the next day, just south of Taiwan.

Tropical Depression 
The JMA classified a tropical low east of the Philippines as a tropical depression on June 10.

References

Other websites

Pacific typhoon seasons
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed by Minister of Health Zweli Mkhize to have spread to South Africa on 5 March 2020. The first known case was a South African returning from Italy.

Response

On 15 March, the President of South Africa, Cyril Ramaphosa, declared a national state of disaster, and announced measures like travel restrictions and the closure of schools from 18 March. 

On 17 March, Ramaphosa formed the National Command Council on COVID-19, "to lead the nation's plan to contain the spread and mitigate the negative impact of the coronavirus". 

The parliament of South Africa suspended all activities on 18 March. Both the African National Congress and Democratic Alliance postponed their respective elective congresses.

On 23 March, a national lockdown was announced, starting on 26 March 2020. On 9 April, Ramaphosa announced that it would be extended until the end of April.

On 21 April, a 500 billion rand stimulus was announced in response to the pandemic. 

On 23 April, Ramaphosa announced that the lockdown restrictions would slowly be phased out. Level 4 started on 1 May. On 1 June, the country entered level 3.

Minister of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, extended the state of disaster on 3 June. It ended on 4 July.

Testing

The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) started testing people in South Africa for SARS-CoV-2 on 28 January 2020.

By the middle of March, state hospitals were offering free COVID-19 testing.

On 11 June, the Health Department said that over 1 million tests had been completed.

Numbers
, the median age of people with laboratory-confirmed cases was 38 years, and  the median age of patients who died was 64.

, there were  confirmed cases and  confirmed deaths, as well as  recoveries.

, there were  confirmed cases and  confirmed deaths, as well as  recoveries.

References

21st century in South Africa
South Africa
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (), a novel infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (), spread to the Philippines on January 30, 2020. The first case of the disease was confirmed in Metro Manila.

Cases
The first case was a 38-year-old Chinese woman who was quarantined at a hospital in Manila. The second case was confirmed on February 2, that of a 44-year-old Chinese man who died a day earlier, which was also the first confirmed death from the disease outside mainland China. 

The first case of someone without travel history abroad was confirmed on March 5, a 62-year-old male who was a Muslim prayer hall in San Juan, Metro Manila. The man's wife was confirmed to have contracted COVID-19 on March 7, which was also the first local transmission to be confirmed.

Numbers
As of September 13, 2020, there have been 261,216 confirmed cases of the disease in the country. Out of these cases, 207,568 recoveries and 4,371 deaths were recorded. 

The Philippines has the most number of cases in Southeast Asia, ahead of Indonesia and Singapore. 

The largest single-day increase in the number of confirmed cases was on August 10, when 6,958 new cases were announced.

At least one case has been confirmed in all of the country's 17 regions.

Notes

References

21st century in the Philippines
Philippines
Royal Flash is a 1975 British adventure comedy movie directed by Richard Lester and is based on the 1970 novel of the same name by George MacDonald Fraser. It stars Malcolm McDowell, Alan Bates, Oliver Reed, Florinda Bolkan, Joss Ackland, Alastair Sim, Britt Ekland, Bob Hoskins, Bob Peck, Frank Grimes, Christopher Cazenove and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

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1975 comedy movies
1970s adventure movies
British comedy movies
British adventure movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Richard Lester
20th Century Fox movies
The first case of COVID-19 in New Zealand during the 2019–20 COVID-19 pandemic was reported on 28 February 2020. , the country has had a total of 3,464 cases, of which 551 are currently active, and 26 people have died from the virus.

Actions
All borders and entry ports of New Zealand were closed to all non-residents at 11:59 pm on 19 March 2020, with returning citizens and residents being required to self-isolate. Since 10 April, all New Zealanders returning from overseas must go into two weeks of quarantine.

Response
A four-level alert level system was added on 21 March to manage the outbreak within New Zealand. At higher alert levels, these levels enforce higher restrictions on what services can operate and how the available services will operate.

On 16 March, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern called for an end to public gatherings of more than 500 people and warned that the outbreak could lead to a recession greater than the 2008 global financial crisis.

Cases
On 4 March, a New Zealand woman in her 30s who had returned from northern Italy on 25 February was confirmed as the second case of the virus in New Zealand.

On 1 April, 61 new cases (47 confirmed and 14 probable) were reported, bringing the total to 708 (647 confirmed and 61 probable). That same day, it was reported that the Chatham Islands, which are part of New Zealand, were facing a food shortage due to panic buying.

On 1 May, 3 new cases (all confirmed) were reported, bringing the total to 1,479 (1,132 confirmed and 347 probable), and 11 new recoveries were reported, bringing the total 1,252. Six people were in hospital.

References

Other websites

History of New Zealand
New Zealand
The COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to Japan in January 2020. Cases have been recorded in each of the 47 prefectures except for Iwate. The country has seen over 10,000 confirmed cases.

The beginning
The Japanese government confirmed its first outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 () in the country on 16 January 2020 in a resident of Kanagawa Prefecture who had returned from Wuhan, China. A second outbreak was caused by travelers and returnees from Europe and the United States between 11 March and 23 March. 

According to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, the majority of viruses spreading in Japan derive from the European type while those of the Wuhan type have been disappearing since March.

Government response
The Japanese government has created many measures to stop and slow down the outbreak. On 30 January, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe created a national task force to take charge of the government's response to the pandemic.  

On 27 February, Abe closed down all Japanese elementary, junior high, and high schools until early April. 

On 7 April, Abe announced a one-month state of emergency for Tokyo and the prefectures of Kanagawa, Saitama, Chiba, Osaka, Hyogo, and Fukuoka. On 16 April, the declaration was extended to the rest of the country.

2020 Olympics

As the pandemic became a concern for the 2020 Summer Olympics, the Japanese government and the International Olympic Committee worked together for its postponement until 2021.

Criticism of the government response

Medical experts and the media have criticized the Japanese government for under-testing for COVID-19. Medical experts said that the government have instead relied on the country's pneumonia surveillance to identify and treat severely-affected patients.

Notes

References

2020s in Japan
Japan
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic spread to South Korea on 20 January 2020, when the first case was announced.

Cases
The number of confirmed cases increased on 19 February by 20, and on 20 February by 58 or 70, giving a total of 346 confirmed cases on 21 February 2020.

Actions
With the fears of further contamination, mass gatherings in the affected cities were cancelled and a few hundred soldiers in Daegu are in isolation. On 4 February 2020, in order to help prevent the spread of COVID-19, South Korea began denying entry to foreigners traveling from Hubei Province.

Numbers
By 23 September 2020, South Korea had about 23,216 cases and 388 deaths,and by 9 April 2020, with over 494,711 people having been tested.

Programs
South Korea created what was thought to be one of the largest and best-organised epidemic control programs in the world, along with Taiwan, Vietnam, and Singapore. 

Different actions have been taken to screen the mass population for the virus, and isolate any infected people as well as trace and quarantine those who contacted them, without further lockdown. 

The rapid tests taken by South Korea have been successful in limiting the spread of the outbreak, without added a mass quarantine action.

References

Other websites
 COVID-19 South Korean page

21st century in South Korea
South Korea
The COVID-19 pandemic began in Norway on 26 February 2020, with cases increasing during the month of March. Physical distancing actions were introduced on 12 March.

Cases
The first death caused by COVID-19 was documented on 26 February 2020. Most confirmed cases that were traced to outside Norway were Norwegian tourists returning from Austria and Italy.

Testing
 Norway has performed 208,874 tests and reported 8,168 confirmed cases and 229 deaths.
One of the major reasons why the mortality rate was lower than in other European countries (such as Italy, Spain, the UK) was the high number of tests performed in Norway.

References

21st century in Norway
Norway
If I Had a Million is a 1932 American comedy drama movie directed by seven directors Ernst Lubitsch, Norman Taurog, Stephen Roberts, Norman Z. McLeod, James Cruze, William A. Seiter, H. Bruce Humberstone and starring Gary Cooper, Charles Laughton, George Raft, May Robson, Charles Ruggles, Gene Raymond. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

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1932 movies
1930s comedy movies
1930s drama movies
1930s comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
Movies directed by Norman Taurog
Movies directed by William A. Seiter
Movies directed by Ernst Lubitsch
Movies directed by Norman Z. McLeod
Movies directed by H. Bruce Humberstone
Paramount Pictures movies