cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
This page is a list of all oxides. Oxides are chemical compounds containing oxygen in an oxidation state of -2.

Metal oxides
Aluminium oxide, very hard, used as abrasive
Antimony trioxide, white solid
Antimony tetroxide, white solid
Antimony pentoxide, yellow solid, oxidizing agent
Arsenic trioxide, white solid, highly toxic
Arsenic pentoxide, white solid, highly toxic, oxidizing agent
Barium oxide, white, toxic, basic
Bismuth(III) oxide, weak oxidizing agent, pale yellow
Bismuth(V) oxide, very unstable, reddish
Calcium oxide, white, quicklime
Cerium(III) oxide, white
Cerium(IV) oxide, strong oxidizing agent
Chromium(II) oxide, black reducing agent
Chromium(III) oxide, dark green
Chromium(IV) oxide, black, artificial, used in cassettes
Chromium(VI) oxide, red, toxic, oxidizing agent
Cobalt(II) oxide, dark green, or black
Cobalt(II,III) oxide, black
Cobalt(III) oxide, black
Copper(I) oxide, reddish
Copper(II) oxide, black
Iron(II) oxide, black, used as pigment
Iron(II,III) oxide, black, ore of iron
Iron(III) oxide, rust, reddish
Lanthanum oxide, white
Lead(II) oxide, orange, toxic
Lead(II,IV) oxide, red, toxic
Lead(IV) oxide, black, toxic, oxidizing agent, used in car batteries
Lithium oxide, white, basic, used in ceramics
Magnesium oxide, white, used in antacids
Manganese(II) oxide, brown-pink
Manganese(III) oxide, black, found in dead batteries
Manganese(IV) oxide, black, oxidizing agent, used in alkaline batteries
Manganese(VII) oxide, red oil, explosive
Mercury(II) oxide, red, toxic, used in mercury batteries
Nickel(II) oxide, light green
Nickel(III) oxide, rare, oxidizing agent
Rubidium oxide, yellowish, rare, highly reactive
Silicon dioxide, colorless crystalline compound, very common in earth
Silver(I) oxide, brown-black, used in silver oxide batteries
Thallium(I) oxide, black, dissolves in water
Thallium(III) oxide, white, oxidizing agent
Thorium(IV) oxide, white, radioactive
Tin(II) oxide, black or red, flammable
Tin(IV) oxide, white, ore of tin
Uranium(VI) oxide, yellow, toxic and radioactive
Tungsten(VI) oxide, yellow
Zinc oxide, white, used in sunscreen

Nonmetal oxides
Bromine dioxide, yellow crystals, unstable
Carbon dioxide, colorless heavy gas, exhaled by animals
Carbon monoxide, colorless gas, toxic
Chlorine dioxide, powerful oxidizing gas
Dinitrogen tetroxide, colorless corrosive gas
Dinitrogen pentoxide, anhydride of nitric acid
Dihydrogen oxide, colorless liquid
Iodine pentoxide, colorless solid, anhydride of iodic acid
Nitric oxide, toxic gas, easily oxidized
Nitrogen dioxide, toxic brown choking gas
Nitrous oxide, sweet gas, used in whipping cream bottles and anesthetics 
Phosphorus(III) oxide, smells like garlic, toxic
Phosphorus(V) oxide, absorbs water readily, white, irritating
Selenium dioxide, white solid, has horseradish odor
Selenium trioxide, very reactive solid
Tellurium dioxide, most common tellurium compound, white or yellow solid
Tellurium trioxide, highly reactive solid
Sulfur dioxide, colorless heavy toxic gas, "burned" odor
Sulfur trioxide, irritating toxic liquid

Chemistry lists
Kip Winger (born Charles Frederick Kip Winger, June 21, 1961, Denver, Colorado) is an American rock musician. He is a member of the band Winger, and a solo artist.

1961 births
Living people
Writers from Denver, Colorado
Singers from Denver, Colorado
Musicians from Denver, Colorado
Nadezhda "Nadia" Petrova (); born June 8, 1982 in Moscow, Soviet Union, is a Russian professional tennis player. 

She has won 27 WTA Titles, nine in singles and eighteen in doubles. In singles, Petrova has a career high ranking of World No. 3 in May 2006. She has reached the semi-finals of the French Open in 2003 and 2005. In doubles, she won the Sony Ericsson Championships in 2004 with Meghann Shaughnessy.  As of 29 August 2011, Petrova was ranked World No. 30 in singles and World No. 9 in doubles.

Weblinks 

 Nadja Petrowa at the Women's Tennis Association
 Nadja Petrowa at ITF Tennis
 Official Nadia Petrova Page 
 Nadia Petrova Fanpage

1982 births
Russian female tennis players
Living people
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Moscow
Ipswich is a large city in Queensland, Australia. It has a population of about 155,000 people. Ipswich is the oldest provincial city in Queensland, and has more than 6000 heritage listed houses, shops, public buildings and historic sites. It is also the site of the Amberley Air Base, the Royal Australian Air Force's largest operating base.

References

Cities in Queensland
Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) is a common sulfate mineral made of calcium sulfate. Gypsum has been used as a building material for a long time, possibly since the neolithic. Today, it is an ingredient of plaster of paris. It can also be used as a fertilizer. It is softer than most minerals, with a value of 2 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. This mineral can be, somewhat, scratched with your fingernail. A fingernail, with a value of 2.5 on the  Mohs scale of mineral hardness is in fact higher than the mineral shown above. It is an ingredient of Portland cement.

Minerals
Calcium compounds
Richard Erwin Rood (October 8, 1980-April 20, 1999), was an American professional wrestler. He is best known by his ring name "Ravishing" Rick Rude and wrestled for the professional wrestling promotions World Championship Wrestling (WCW), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from 1987 to 1998. In his wrestling career he was a one-time WWF Intercontinental Champion and won numerous championships in WCW and ECW.

Other websites
WWE profile

1958 births
1999 deaths
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Minnesota
Former WWE wrestlers
Scholastic (or Scholastic Inc.) is a global book publishing company known for making educational items for schools, teachers, and parents, and selling and giving them by mail order and via book clubs and book fairs. It also has the all the publishing rights to the Harry Potter book series in the United States.

Notable books
The 39 Clues
The Amazing Days Of Abby Hayes
Allie Finkle's Rules for Girls series
Animorphs
The Adventures of the Bailey School Kids series
Alvin, Simon and Theodore
The Baby-sitters Club
Bananas (magazine)
Bionicle
Bone (colorized editions)
Captain Underpants series
Clifford the Big Red Dog (series)
Dynamite
Dynamath (magazine)
Freak the Mighty
Genny in a Bottle series
Ghostville Elementary series
The Ghost Hunter
Good Night, Sleep Tight
Guardians of Ga'hoole series
Goosebumps
Geronimo Stilton series
Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia
Harry Potter series
History of My Back Yard seriesI-SpyJigsaw Jones MysteriesThe Magic School Bus seriesPLAY! Scholastic (magazine)The Hunger GamesThe Royal Diaries seriesRipley's Believe It or Not! Special Edition (annual)Scholastic News (magazines)Science WorldStar Wars seriesSunfire seriesThe Scholastic Dictionary of SpellingT*WitchesWarriors seriesWishbone seriesWow'' (magazine)

Criticism
Scholastic has been criticized for bad marketing to children. A large number of titles have strong media tie-ins and are considered short in literary and artistic merit by some people. Consumer groups have also said that Scholastic is selling too many toys and video games to children.

References

Other websites

Official website on Tom Snyder Productions, a division of Scholastic
Official website of Soup2Nuts, an animation studio division of Scholastic 
Official website of Klutz Press, a division of Scholastic
Official website of TeachersPayTeachers.com
Scholastic Art & Writing Awards
Blog: On Our Minds At Scholastic

Publishing companies of the United States
Companies based in New York City
1920 establishments in the United States
Johnny Bravo is a Cartoon Network television series that started in the year 1997 and ended the year 2004. Several celebrities (like Adam West and Donny Osmond) guest star. The show is now very popular. It was created by Van Partible.

The series premiered July 14, 1997 and ended officially August 27, 2004. The series is a spin-off of World Premiere Toons, also known as the What a Cartoon! Show.

Characters
 Johnny Bravo (voiced by Jeff Bennett): The show's main protagonist. A dumb muscular blonde who trys to get chicks, but always fails. He's very confident and he rarley gives up. He loves his mother and himself very much. He always wears black shades, blue pants, and black shoes and a shirt. He often combs his long hair, because he really likes how it looks. In many ways he's based on Elvis Presley and his moves are based on Michael Jackson.
 Bunny Bravo (voiced by Brenda Vaccaro): Johnny's mother. She has much common sense then Johnny, and she does not like Johnny's lack of good and mature behavior. She became a little crazier when the show was retooled in its second season. She loves Johnny very much. She's usually called Momma by Johnny.
 Little Suzy (voiced by Mae Whitman): Johnny and Bunny's next-door neighbor. She's a little girl who likes Johnny very much, but Johnny thinks she's just annoying.
 Carl Chryniszzswics (voiced by Tom Kenny): A smart guy who now annoys Johnny very much, but they used to be friends a long time ago. Carl was introduced on the show's second season when the show was retooled.
 Pops (voiced by Larry Drake): A greedy restaurant owner who sometimes acts as a father figuire. Like Carl, Pops was introduced on the show's second season when the show was retooled.

Danish Voice Cast
 Lars Thiesgaard – Johnny Bravo
 Ann Hjort – Lille Suzie / Bunny Bravo
 Timm Mehrens – Carl Chryniszzswics
 Peter Røschke – Pops

Video games 
A video game titled Johnny Bravo in The Hukka Mega Mighty Ultra Extreme Date-O-Rama! was released on June 9, 2009 for the Nintendo DS and PlayStation 2. The PlayStation 2 version was released exclusively in Europe and Australia by Blast Entertainment, while the DS version was released in North America by MumboJumbo.

Channel Links

Characters from Johnny Bravo are featured in the Cartoon Network games Cartoon Network: Block Party, Cartoon Network Racing, Cartoon Network Speedway, Cartoon Network Universe: FusionFall, and Cartoon Network: Punch Time Explosion.
Cartoon Network series
English-language television programs
1997 television series debuts
2004 television series endings
Randy Duane Couture (born June 22, 1963 in Everett, Washington) is an American mixed martial artist, Greco-Roman wrestler and actor fighting for the UFC. Couture has won the UFC Heavyweight Championship 3 times, the UFC Light Heavyweight Championship 2 times and is a UFC Hall of Famer. Couture also acted in the movie The Expendables as Toll Road.

Other websites
Randy Couture's Official website

People from Everett, Washington
Sportspeople from Washington
American mixed martial artists
1963 births
Living people
Jason Michael Lee (born April 25, 1970 in Orange, California) is an American professional Skateboarder turned actor. Growing up in Orange, California, he became a skateboarder at age 13. As a professional skateboarder he traveled worldwide and appeared in several skateboard videos. With a friend he founded the companies Stereo Skateboards and Stereo Sounds Clothing. Deciding to get out of skateboarding before he was too old, he began acting in 1993. His first break as a lead actor came in 1995 and the movie Mallrats (alongside Jeremy London). He continued to appear in a number of major Hollywood movies. He is known as an indie darling known for playing quirky characters. In 2005, he gambled on accepting the lead in the My Name is Earl television series. The sitcom ran for four years. In 2007, he played Dave Seville in Alvin and the Chipmunks. He played the role again in the 2009 sequel.

References 
 

1970 births
Living people
Singers from California
American skateboarders
American voice actors
Comedians from California
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American video game actors
Scientologists
People from Orange, California
Actors from Santa Ana, California
Sportspeople from California
The FIA Super Licence is a qualification allowing the licence (license) holder to take part in Formula One Grands Prix as a driver.  The licence is issued by the FIA upon request.

There are several requirements to qualify for an FIA Super Licence. The driver requesting the licence must already have a Grade A competition licence. They must also meet the requirements of the FIA International Sporting Code, Appendix L. Appendix L lists other racing experience required. One of the following is required:
The driver must be the current champion in one of the lower FIA racing series. Examples of the lower series include Formula 3 (British, Italian, Japanese or Euroseries) or Formula Two (formerly known as GP2 and Formula 3000), 
The driver must have finished well on a regular basis in one of the above categories.
Drivers who have competed in the IndyCar Series are eligible for a Super Licence if they finished in the top six places of the drivers championship. 
This allows drivers from the United States domestic series to move into Formula One without first taking part in other FIA sanctioned events. 

In rare and special cases, Appendix L allows the FIA to award a Super Licence to a driver who does not meet the normal requirements. A yes vote by all the members is required. The driver must also completed 300 kilometres of testing at racing speeds in a current car.

Nationality of drivers 
The nationality that appears on the racing licence is the same one that appears on the driver's passport. This does not need to be the same as the country issuing the racing licence. A Frenchman living in Germany can race with a German licence, but the nationality displayed would still be French. In order to race as German, the driver would need to have German nationality as well. For drivers with multiple citizenships, the driver chooses which country to drive for.

Other websites 
The official FIA Website
Appendix L to the International Sporting Code  

Formula One
Kijiji ( ; , Swahili for village) is a centralized network of online groups of people for writing local online classified advertisements. It is a subsidiary of eBay launched in March 2005. Kijiji is currently available for more than 300 cities in Germany. Further Kijiji countries are France, Italy, Canada, China, India, Taiwan, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, and Japan. Kijiji was made available to selected cities in the United States on June 29, 2007, under the name of eBay Classifieds.

Kijiji offers similar services and is seen as a competitor to Craigslist with the biggest exception being that Kijiji has quite an extensive pets section. Kijiji's owner eBay is also a minority shareholder in Craigslist. In April 2008 eBay launched a lawsuit against Craigslist claiming that their executives were attempting to weaken eBay's investment, while in May of the same year, Craigslist filed a countersuit claiming Kijiji had stolen trade secrets and that eBay used misleading tactics to promote the service.

Divisions 
In November 2004, eBay acquired Marktplaats.nl, which offers a similar classifieds service in the Netherlands, holding an 80% market share.

At that time, Marktplaats.nl had set out into Spain, Germany, Turkey and Canada under the name of Intoko.  Intoko Spain merged with Loquo, Intoko Germany merged with Kijiji Germany and Intoko Canada merged with Kijiji Canada.  Intoko Turkey transferred to the Kijiji platform and is currently operating as intoko.kijiji.com.tr.

In May 2005, eBay bought Gumtree, which offers a similar service for cities in the UK, Ireland, Poland, Hong Kong, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, as well as the Spanish company Loquo. One month later, it acquired OpusForum.org, another website offering online classifieds in Germany. In July 2006, Klaus Gapp, the founder of OpusForum, noted that, after its acquisition, it had "merged with its new Kijiji classifieds business in the German speaking markets of Austria, Germany and Switzerland." In August 2008, Kijiji re-branded their India site to Quikr.com.

The Kijiji Germany website has changed its name to eBay Kleinanzeigen.

In March 2010, eBay unveiled a new classifieds site, called eBay Classifieds, to replace its old site, Kijiji, in the United States.

References 

Advertising
Websites established in 2005
Christopher Murray-Paul Huhne, commonly known as Chris Huhne (born 2 July 1954) is a British politician. He was born in London and was a member of the Liberal Democrats until 2013.

In the 1980s he tried in vain to become an MP on behalf of the Social Democratic Party. He was the Member of Parliament for Eastleigh from May 2005 until February 2013. He was the United Kingdom's Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change from May 2010 until February 2012. When he was in that job, he decided on the most efficient ways of having electricity and other important resources in Britain. There was an article in the newspaper that said Huhne wanted to have more nuclear power stations. A lot of people think this is wrong.

Huhne was married to Greek economist Vicky Pryce (born 1952) from 1984 until they separated in 2010 and divorced in 2011. Huhne and Pryce had three children together.

References

1954 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British columnists
Criminals from London
English prisoners
Former Liberal Democrats MPs (UK)
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Former MEPs
Journalists from London
MEPs for the United Kingdom
Politicians from London
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
Social Democratic Party (UK) people
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
Malcolm in the Middle is an American sitcom. It was shown on Fox. It ran from January 9, 2000 to May 14, 2006. Malcolm in the Middle won 9 Emmy Awards, 1 Peabody Award and 1 Grammy Award.

Cast 
Frankie Muniz as Malcolm
Jane Kaczmarek as Lois
Bryan Cranston as Hal
Justin Berfield as Reese
Christopher Masterson as Francis
Erik Per Sullivan as Dewey

Other websites
Malcolm in the Middle on fox.com 

2000 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
2000s American sitcoms
Emmy Award winning programs
Grammy Award winners
Peabody Award winners
Television series about brothers
Television series about dysfunctional families
Television series about suburbia
English-language television programs
Shays' Rebellion was a rebellion in central and western Massachusetts (mainly Springfield) from 1786 to 1787. The rebellion is named after Daniel Shays, a veteran of the American Revolution who led the rebels, also known as "Shaysites" or "Regulators". Most of the rebels were poor farmers angered by their debt and taxes. They could not pay their taxes and were afraid of going to jail or having their homes taken away from them.

They tried to stop the courts from taking property from indebted farmers by forcing the closure of courts in western Massachusetts. The participants in Shays' Rebellion believed they were acting in the spirit of the American Revolution, modeled their tactics after the crowd activities of the 1760s and the 1770s, and used "liberty poles" and "liberty trees" to symbolize their cause.   

Shays' Rebellion started on August 29, 1786, and by January 1787, over 1000 rebels had been arrested. A militia, which had been raised as a private army, defeated an attack on the federal Springfield Armory by the main rebel force on February 3, 1787.

Shays' Rebellion produced fears that the American Revolution’s democratic impulse had gotten out of hand. Over time, the farmers grew into armies, controlled by Shays and his men, as they tried to take back their rights.

Reference

18th century in Massachusetts
1787 in the United States
1786 in the United States
18th century rebellions
Rebellions in North America
Burnout Revenge is a car racing game from the Burnout series of video games. There is a game in the game called Take down where the player tries to knock as many players into a wall as possible. It was released on September 13, 2005.

References

Other websites 
More about the game 

Racing video games
PlayStation 2 games
Xbox games
2005 video games
Cooking Channel is an Anerican television channel It replaced Fine Living Network from May 31, 2010. The channel is owned by Scripps Networks Interactive. It is a spinoff of Food Network which is also owned by SNI. The channel focuses more on instructional programs than "reality style" and competitions that Food Network is now geared towards. The original plan was to make the change in the fall of 2010. It was later announced that the switch would be made on May 31, 2010 to happen with Memorial Day in the United States. Cooking Channel launched a high-definition channel on June 30, 2010. The channel has also announced it eventually will offer an on demand version.

Programming
Many of Food Network's top chefs and celebrities had new programs on the channel starting in the fall of 2010.  These included - Emeril Lagasse, Rachael Ray and Bobby Flay. Lagasse's program, Emeril's Fresh Food Fast, showed viewers how fresh food can be prepared in a short amount of time without the lose of authentic taste. Flay's program, Bruch @ Bobby's focused on Weekend bruches/ Ray's program, Week In a Day showedviewers how to plan a week's menu by cooking them all in a single day.  

The channel also carried the new "post-game" show for The Next Food Network Star. It also aried replays of programs from cooks in Canada and Great Britain, These include Food Network Canada host David Rocco's  David Rocco's Dolce Vita and Irish chef Rachel Allen's Rachel Allen: Bake!.

Notes

Other websites

Cooking Channel Fan Page on Facebook
Cooking Channel Chat Page on Twitter

American television networks
Cable television
2010 establishments in the United States
Knoxville, Tennessee
21st-century establishments in Tennessee
Social Security is the name given to programs to provide money for health care, unemployment benefit and pension to people who need it.  In Europe, the term is very similar to welfare.  In the United States, it refers to a program started in the New Deal.  The program first gave money only to a few old people, but is now used by millions of people and is one of the largest and most costly programs in the federal government. Social Security in the United States is managed by the Social Security Administration, and a person in the program gets a number and has it forever, mainly because of tax reports.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights law ensure such Security as "right to an adequate standard of living" as one of the human rights.

Related pages
Basic income
Medicare (United States)
Social Security (United States)
Welfare state

Other websites 
 Social security Citizendium

Human rights
Economy of the United States
The Pretty Reckless is an American rock band from New York City. The band's lead singer is Taylor Momsen, who is also a rhythm guitarist. Mark Damon is the band's bassist, Jamie Perkins is the drummer and Ben Phillips is a guitarist, The band formed (began) in 2008. Their debut single, "Make Me Wanna Die" was release in late May and was #1 on the UK Rock Chart. Their first album Light Me Up is set to release on August 31, 2010. The band's influences come from grunge rock such as Nirvana, Soundgarden and Courtney Love who fronted the rock band Hole. Other important influences are Joan Jett and Cherie Currie from The Runaways.

Original Songs by The Pretty Reckless:
My Medicine, 
Since You're Gone, 
Make Me Wanna Die, 
Light Me Up, 
Just Tonight, 
Miss Nothing, 
Goin' Down, 
Nothing Left To Lose, 
Factory Girl, 
You, 
Far From Never,
Haven knows,
Going to hell,
Everybody Wants Something From Me,
Zombie,
Hit Me Like A Man, 
Under The Water, 
Cold Blooded, 
A.D.D., 
Blender, 
Blonde Rebellion, 
He Loves You, 
Heart, 
Panic, 
Sleeze Sister, 
Superhero, 
Shut Up Slut,
Void And Null, 
Bleeding, 
Chaotic Sanity, 
Ugly People,
Where Did Jesus Go? and  
We're All In Love

American rock bands
Post-grunge bands
Musical groups from New York City
Romy Schneider (September 23, 1938 - May 29, 1982) was an Austrian actress. She was from Vienna. She had German and French citizenship. She had an international career, but worked mostly in France.

Life and career

She was born Rosemarie Albach-Retty in Vienna, Austria. Her parents were Wolf Albach-Retty (1906-1967) and Magda Schneider (1909-1996), both famous actors in Austria and Germany. 

After her parents divorced in 1945, she was raised by her mother. With her mother's help, and using her mother's family name, she started acting in 1953. She quickly became very popular through Ernst Marischka's trilogy called Sissi, about the early life of Empress Elisabeth of Austria.

In 1958, she appeared in the movie Christine, opposite French actor Alain Delon. They became engaged and she moved to France with him.

Schneider worked with directors such as Luchino Visconti in Boccacio (1961), Orson Welles in The Trial (1962), and Otto Preminger in The Cardinal (1963).

After her breakup with Delon in 1964, she went back to Germany. There she married stage director Harry Meyen. They had a son named David (1966-1981). 

She acted with Delon again in the movie La piscine in 1969. The rest of her career was mostly in France. Notable movies included; Les choses de la vie (1970), Max et les ferrailleurs (1971), Le trio infernal (1974), Le vieux fusil (1975), La banquière (1980), La passante du Sans-Souci (1981). 

Her later years were plagued by personal tragedies. She gave birth to a stillborn child in 1976 by her second husband Daniel Biasini. Her first husband Harry Meyen killed himself in 1979. Her son David accidentally died impaled while trying to go over a fence in 1981. That same year she had a kidney operation.  

She was found dead in her Paris apartment at the age of 43, probably from a heart attack, although no autopsy was performed. She left a daughter Sarah Biasini (born 1977, by her second husband), who is an actress.

Reference
 

1938 births
1982 deaths
Actors from Vienna
French movie actors
French stage actors
French television actors
German movie actors
German stage actors
German television actors
Angri is a town and comune in the province of Salerno, Campania, Italy. It was the hometown of Teresina Raiola, the mother of famous American gangster Al Capone, as well Frank Nitti, another famous gangster. It is also where Alfonso Maria Fusco lived and died.

References

2001 census data download Istituto Nazionale di Statistica

Towns in Italy
Settlements in Campania
John "Papa Johnny" Torrio, also known as "The Fox" (February 1882 – April 16, 1957) was an Italian-American mobster who helped make the criminal empire known as the Chicago Outfit in the 1920s. Torrio would later give the Chicago Outfit to Al Capone. He also thought of the National Crime Syndicate in the 1930s and later became an  to the Genovese crime family.

He was shot several times in 1925. He died of a heart attack in Brooklyn in 1957.

1882 births
1957 deaths
Chicago Outfit mobsters
Al Capone
American crime victims
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Criminals from Chicago
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Italian crime victims
John Alcock (c. 1430 – 1 October 1500) was an English churchman.

He was born at Beverley in Yorkshire, son of Sir William Alcock, Burgess of Kingston upon Hull and educated at Cambridge. In 1461 he was made dean of Westminster, and his subsequent promotion was rapid in both church and state. In  1461 he was made Master of the Rolls, and in 1470 was sent as ambassador to the court of Castile. He became Bishop of Rochester on 15 March, Bishop of Worcester on 15 July 1476 and of Ely on 6 October 1486. He was Lord Chancellor, once from June 1475 to September 1475 and then again from October 1485 to March 1487.

Alcock was one of the leading pre-Reformation churchmen; he was a man of deep learning and also a great architect. He founded a charity at Beverley and a grammar school at Kingston upon Hull. He restored many churches and colleges, but his greatest achievement was the building of Jesus College, Cambridge.

Alcock died on 1 October 1500 and lies buried in the Alcock Chantry in Ely Cathedral.

Notes

References

 

1430s births
1500 deaths
Christian religious leaders
English Roman Catholics
Lord Chancellors
People from Yorkshire
Roman Catholic bishops
The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor is a senior and important functionary in the government of the United Kingdom.  He is the second highest ranking of the Great Officers of State after the Lord High Steward.  The Lord Chancellor is appointed by the Sovereign on the advice of the Prime Minister.  Before the Union there were separate Lord Chancellors of England and Scotland.

Until Tony Blair became Prime Minister the Lord Chancellor was required to be a member of the House of Lords,was its presiding officer, and was Britain's highest-ranking judge. Blair tried to abolish the position and wound up removing some of its responsibilities and dividing others, and now the holder is usually in the House of Commons. The Lord Chancellor remains responsible for the Great Seal and for the efficient functioning and independence of the courts.  The current Lord Chancellor is Robert Buckland.

Formerly, there were separate Chancellors of England, Scotland and Ireland.  When the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland united to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain under the Acts of Union 1707 the offices of the Chancellor of England and the Lord Chancellor of Scotland were combined to form a single office of Lord Chancellor of Great Britain for the new state.

References

Bibliography
Campbell, J., 1st Baron. (1868). Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of England From the Earliest Times Till the Reign of King George IV, 5th ed. London: John Murray.
 Davies, M. (2003). Companion to the Standing Orders and guide to the Proceedings of the Lords, 19th ed. 
 Department for Constitutional Affairs. (2003). "Constitutional Reform: Reforming the Office of the Lord Chancellor" 
 House of Lords. (2003–2004). Bill 30 (Constitutional Reform Bill).
"Lord High Chancellor" (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed. London: Cambridge University Press.

 
Politics of the United Kingdom
1707 establishments
On January 20, 2006, an explosion occurred in the underground copper mine of Carola-Agustina in Copiapó, Chile, shortly after two trucks collided, covering the only escape route for the miners inside the mine.

The explosion caused two deaths, two injured and 70 miners stayed trapped for 7 hours.

Effects 
At the nearby mine, "Punta de Cobre", miners constructed a tunnel to allow evacuations in case of emergencies, after the explosion.

References 

2006
21st century in Chile
Disasters in the 2000s
2000s in South America
January events
Copiapó is a Chilean town in Region of Atacama. It was founded in December 8, 1744. It is also the capital of Region of Atacama and Province of Copiapó.

Related pages
 2006 Copiapó mining accident

References 

Cities in Chile
Glenn Edward Lee Beck (born February 10, 1964) is an American conservative radio and television show host. He was born in Everett, Washington. His television show, The Glenn Beck Program, has been played on Fox News Channel and on CNN's Headline News. However, in April 2011, the Fox News Channel said it would stop showing Beck's show later that year. The show was cancelled in June 2011 and was replaced by The Five. He now has an online site called TheBlaze (it was called GBTV) where he does shows that people can pay to see.

Popularity
Over 9 million people listen to his radio show every day. Usually, between 2 and 3 million people watch his television show every day. He has written nine books. Also, he sometimes tells his audience about books he thinks they should read. Several books that Beck recommended became the most popular book on Amazon.com.

Although Beck's show is very popular, not everybody agrees with his views. He has been criticized for calling Barack Obama a racist and for talking about conspiracy theories.

Personal life
Beck is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (also known as the Mormon church).

Health
Beck has been addicted to drugs and alcohol. He has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. On November 10, 2014, Beck announced on TheBlaze that he had been suffering from a severe neurological disorder for at least the last five years.

References

Other websites

American conservatives
American radio personalities
American television presenters
People from Everett, Washington
1964 births
Living people
Haruki Robert Nakamura (born April 18, 1986 in Elyria, Ohio) is an Japanese-American football safety for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League(NFL). Nakamura was drafted out of the University of Cincinnati by the Baltimore Ravens with the 206th pick in the sixth round of the 2008 NFL Draft and played with them from 2008 to 2011. His mother Karen was a fourth degree black belt and his father Ryozo was an eighth degree black belt. Nakamura has two brothers named Mako and Yoshi and a sister named Kimi.

References

Other websites
Haruki Nakamura at nfl.com

1986 births
Living people
American football safeties
Sportspeople from Ohio
Baltimore Ravens players
Carolina Panthers players
The Rev. Thomas Robert Malthus FRS (13 February 1766 – 23 December 1834), was a British writer on political economy and population. Malthus popularised the economic theory of rent, and was the first to use the phrase struggle for existence.

Views on population

Malthus is famous for his theories about population: its increase or decrease in response to various factors. There were six editions of his An Essay on the Principle of Population, published from 1798 to 1826. He said that sooner or later population gets checked, by famine, disease, and widespread mortality.

He wrote in opposition to many who saw society as improving, and (in principle) as perfectible.viii William Godwin and the Marquis de Condorcet, for example, believed in the possibility of almost limitless improvement of society. So, in a more complex way, did Jean-Jacques Rousseau, whose notions centered on the goodness of man and the liberty of citizens bound only by the social contract.

Malthus thought that the dangers of population growth would prevent endless progress towards a utopian society: 
"The power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man".p13
As an Anglican clergyman, Malthus saw this situation as divinely imposed to teach virtuous behaviour.p104–105 Believing that one could not change human nature, Malthus wrote: 
"Must it not then be acknowledged by an attentive examiner of the histories of mankind, that in every age and in every State in which man has existed, or does now exist,
 that the increase of population is necessarily limited by the means of subsistence, 
 that population does invariably increase when the means of subsistence increase, and, 
 that the superior power of population is repressed, and the actual population kept equal to the means of subsistence, by misery and vice".p61

Economic views

Malthus placed the longer-term stability of the economy above short-term expediency. He criticised the Poor Laws,p39-45 and (alone among important contemporary economists) supported the Corn Laws, which introduced a system of taxes on British imports of wheat.pxx He thought these measures would encourage domestic production, and so promote long-term benefits.

Influence

Malthus became hugely influential, and controversial, in economic, political, social and scientific thought. Many evolutionary biologists read him, especially Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. For both of them, Malthusianism became a stepping-stone to the idea of natural selection. Malthus is still a writer of great significance and controversy.

References

Other websites

1766 births
1834 deaths
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British economists
Demography
English Anglicans
English priests
English scientists
Writers from Surrey
Chromium(II) chloride is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CrCl2. It is a white crystalline chemical. It dissolves in water to produce a bright blue solution. It is a strong reducing agent. If the water has a little acid in it, hydrogen is produced. If the water has a little base in it, chromium(II) oxide is produced. The water needs to be very pure. 

It is made by reacting chromium(III) chloride and hydrogen at a high temperature. It can also be made by reduction of chromium(III) chloride with zinc. It is used in science research.

Related pages
Chromium(III) oxide
Chromium(VI) oxide

Chlorine compounds
Chromium compounds
Sodium dichromate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Na2Cr2O7. It consists of sodium and dichromate ions. It is an orange crystalline solid. It is an intermediate in making chromium. It is used to make leather. It is also used in making organic chemical compounds. It is a strong oxidizing agent and a toxic carcinogen.

Related pages
Potassium dichromate
Sodium chromate
Chromate

Sodium compounds
Chromium compounds
Mount Carmel Cemetery is a Roman Catholic cemetery in the Chicago suburb of Hillside, Illinois. The cemetery is near the Eisenhower Expressway (Interstate 290) at Wolf and Roosevelt Roads.  It is close to three other cemeteries. They are Queen of Heaven Cemetery, Catholic Cemetery, and Oakridge Glen Oaks Cemetery.

The cemetery is  in size.  There are over 226,275 people buried at Mount Carmel.

The Bishop's Mausoleum is in Mount Carmel Cemetery. It was designed by William J. Brinkmann. It is the burial place of the Bishops and Archbishops of Chicago. Cardinal Joseph Bernardin was buried there after his 1996 death. Also on the cemetery grounds are the burial places of some organized crime figures. There are over 400 family mausoleums on the cemetery grounds.

People Buried At Mt. Carmel
Below is a short list of people buried at Mt. Carmel Cemetery.
 Julia Buccola Petta - also known as "The Italian Bride"

Religious people
 Samuel Stritch
 John Cody
 Joseph Bernardin
 James Edward Quigley
 William Quarter
 Patrick Feehan

Criminals
 Al Capone
 Vincent Drucci
 Sam Giancana
 Joseph Giunta
 Genna Brothers - Sam, Vincenzo, Pete, "Bloody" Angelo, Antonio, and Mike "The Devil".
 Antonio Lombardo
 "Machine Gun" Jack McGurn
 Frank Nitti
 Dean O'Banion
 Frank Rio
 Roger Touhy
 Earl "Hymie" Weiss
 Phillipo Catalano

Other websites
 Catholic Cemeteries of Chicago
 Mount Carmel page on Graveyards of Chicago

Cemeteries in the United States
Buildings and structures in Chicago, Illinois
Al Capone
Mercury(II) chloride, also known as mercuric chloride and corrosive sublimate, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is HgCl2. It has mercury and chloride ions in it. The mercury is in its +2 oxidation state.

Properties
It is a white crystalline solid.  It is very toxic. It can be made by reacting chlorine with mercury. It is not ionic, like most metal-nonmetal chemical compounds are. For example, it evaporates easily when heated, while ionic compounds like sodium chloride stay solid. It dissolves in water, but much better in hot water than in cold water. It also dissolves in chloride solutions. It is very corrosive and a strong oxidizing agent. It reacts with bases to make mercury(II) oxide.

Preparation
It can be made by reacting mercury(I) chloride or mercury metal with chlorine. It can also be made by reacting mercury(I) nitrate with hydrochloric acid or by reacting mercury(II) sulfate with sodium chloride.

Uses
It is used as a catalyst in making plastics. It is also used to make an amalgam with metals such as aluminum. It was used in the past to preserve various things and as a medicine. It is too toxic to be used as a medicine anymore. It was used in photography.

Related pages
Mercury(I) bromide
Mercury(II) iodide
Mercury(II) sulfide

Mercury compounds
Chlorine compounds
Mercury(I) chloride, also known as calomel and mercurous chloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Hg2Cl2. It has mercury and chloride ions in it. The mercury is in its +1 oxidation state.

Properties
It is a white to pale yellow crystalline solid. It is toxic, but not as toxic as mercury(II) chloride because it does not dissolve in water. It turns back into mercury and mercury(II) chloride when reacted with ammonia or exposed to ultraviolet light. The black color that came from the reaction with ammonia gave its name "calomel" (beautiful black). It is a weak reducing agent. It is the most common mercury(I) compound.

Occurrence

Calomel is sometimes found as a mineral, but it is quite rare.

Preparation
It is made by reacting mercury with mercury(II) chloride. It can also be made by reacting mercury(I) nitrate with sources of chloride, such as sodium chloride.

Uses
It is used in electrochemistry as a reference electrode. Reference electrodes are used to find the electrode potentials (ability to be oxidized and reduced) of other chemical substances. Since it decomposes when light is shined on it, it is used to see how many photons are in a light beam. It was used as medicine in the past, although it was toxic.

Related pages
Chlorine
Electrolysis
Mercury(II) oxide
Mercury(I) bromide

Mercury compounds
Chlorine compounds

ca:Calomelà
sk:Kalomel
Mercury(II) nitrate, also known as mercuric nitrate, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Hg(NO3)2. It contains mercury and nitrate ions. The mercury is in its +2 oxidation state.

Properties
Mercury(II) nitrate is a white crystalline solid. It is a strong oxidizing agent.

Preparation
It is made by reacting mercury with concentrated nitric acid; dilute nitric acid would make mercury(I) nitrate.

Uses
It was used to make felt from fur. People would get poisoned when using it to make hats, making the term "mad hatter".

Related pages
Mercury(I) iodide
Mercury(II) oxide
Mercury(II) chloride

\

Nitrogen compounds
Mercury compounds
Mercury(II) iodide, also known as mercuric iodide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is HgI2. It has mercury and iodide ions in it. The mercury is in its +2 oxidation state.

Properties
It is a red crystalline compound. It turns yellow when heated and turns red again when it is cooled. It is insoluble in water. It is highly toxic like all mercury compounds.

Preparation
Mercury(II) iodide is made by reacting a mercury(II) salt such as mercury(II) chloride with a source of iodide ions. This makes a bright red precipitate.

Occurrence
It is found as the very rare mineral coccinite.

Uses
It was used as a medicine, but it poisoned people who took the medicine. It is also used to demonstrate how some things change color when heated and change back when cooled. It can be used to test for ammonia and as a semiconductor.

Related pages
Mercury(I) iodide
Iodine
Mercury(II) oxide
Mercury(II) bromide

Mercury compounds
Iodine compounds
Anthony Rolfe Johnson, CBE (born 5 November 1940; died 21 July 2010) was an English operatic tenor.  He was especially famous for singing the music of Monteverdi, Mozart and Benjamin Britten.  He sang many of the operatic roles which Britten had written for Peter Pears to sing.

Life

Anthony Rolfe Johnson was born in Tackley in Oxfordshire.  When he was a child he enjoyed singing, but did not think of taking it up as a career.  He started to work in farm management.  Then, in his late twenties, he decided to study singing at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. He started his singing career by singing in operas in the chorus and in small roles at the Glyndebourne Festival between 1972 and 1976. His first big operatic part was Vaudémont in Tchaikovsky’s Iolanthe in 1973 with the English Opera Group.  Then he sang the part of Albert Herring in Britten’s opera.

In 1978, he joined English National Opera.  He sang several roles in Mozart and Monteverdi operas, then he sang the Male Chorus (a solo part) in Britten’s The Rape of Lucretia and Aschenbach in Death in Venice.  Later he sang the title role in Peter Grimes.   He sang in opera houses all over the world, including including the English National Opera, Royal Opera House, La Monnaie in Brussels, La Scala, Milan, the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, the Vienna State Opera, and the Paris Opera.

Rolfe Johnson sang other music besides operas.  He sang in several oratorios, and he sang the role of Evangelist in J. S. Bach's St John Passion and St Matthew Passion, as well as in Britten’s War Requiem.  He also sang on the concert platform, and he gave recitals of Lieder.  He helped find a group called “The Songmakers’ Almanac” who sang classical songs. .

He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1992. 

He died of Alzheimer's disease on 21 July 2010.

References
”Anthony Rolfe Johnson” – obituary in The Independent, 29 July 2010 viewspaper p. 9

1940 births
2010 deaths
Tenors
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English opera singers
Guildhall School of Music and Drama is a school for music and drama in London, England. It was founded in 1880. Students can study Music, Opera, Drama, Stage Management and Technical Theatre.

History
The first Guildhall School was in an old warehouse, but it was soon too small. A new building was especially built and opened in 1886. Before 1935 it was known as the Guildhall School of Music. Since 1977 it has been next to the Barbican Arts Centre in the Barbican Complex.

The Guildhall School does not just teach students at the school. They also organize music examinations in the whole of Britain for anyone learning musical instruments. In 2004 these examinations joined with those of Trinity College London to form Trinity Guildhall Examinations. Today, Trinity Guildhall offers qualifications in performing and teaching in music, speech and drama, and dance to external students (students who are not studying at the school).

Today the school has a 308-seat drama and opera theatre, concert hall, lecture / recital hall and a small studio theatre. The students of the school regularly perform all over London. In 2008 work began on a large extension to the School. It will cost about £90 million.

Famous musicians who studied there include the trumpeter Alison Balsom, the composer Thomas Adès, the flautist Sir James Galway, the pianist Paul Lewis, the violinist Tasmin Little and the singers Kate Royal and Bryn Terfel.

References

Other websites
 Guildhall School of Music and Drama website
 City selects preferred Milton Court developer  (June 2006)
 Guildhall School seeks new extension  (February 2006)
 Trinity Guildhall at the Trinity College, London 

Music schools
Colleges and universities in London
A mercury-vapor lamp is a kind of gas discharge lamp.  It makes light from mercury.  The mercury atoms release ultraviolet and visible light.  In some bulbs, the ultraviolet light shines on phosphors which make white light from it, although not all mercury-vapor lamps use phosphors. The EU wants to ban them because they contain large amounts of mercury and are not efficient like fluorescent bulbs. They last much longer though.

They are the bluish streetlights. Depending on the quality of the bulb, age of the bulb, phosphor used, and other chemicals added to the mercury, the color of the light can vary from blue-white to green-white, to almost pure white. A green tint usually indicates an older bulb, although it doesn't necessarily mean that the bulb is about to burn out. The metal halide lamp is an improved version of the mercury vapor lamp that contains a metal halide (usually sodium iodide) in addition to the mercury. The metal halide produces orange light, which combines with the blue-white light from the mercury to produce a very pure white light.

Related pages
Sodium vapor lamp
Incandescent bulb

Lamps