cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Division of Flynn is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up for the 2007 federal election. The electorate covers the areas west from the port city of Gladstone, as far as the town of Emerald. It was named after John Flynn, founder of the Royal Flying Doctor Service.

Formation
In June 2006, the Australian Electoral Commission announced that the new division would be named Wright. This would honour Judith Wright for her life as a "poet and in the areas of arts, conservation and indigenous affairs in Queensland and Australia". Many people complained because the name could be linked to disgraced former Queensland ALP leader Keith Wright. Instead the AEC named the seat after John Flynn.

Members

Election results
 2007 election result
 2010 election result
 2013 election result

References

Other websites
 Division of Flynn (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission
 Ken O'Dowd's website

Electoral divisions of Australia
Queensland
2006 establishments in Australia
Zhou Youguang (Chou Yu-kuang; ; born Zhou Yaoping (); 13 January 1906 – 14 January 2017) was a Chinese linguist and writer. He was sometimes called the "father of Hanyu Pinyin". Hanyu Pinyin is the official romanization of Chinese in the People's Republic of China. He also wrote many books banned by the government of China.

Zhou was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu. In 1933, he married Zhang Yunhe. She died on 14 August 2002. They had two children together Zhou Xiaoping (1934–2015) and Zhou Xiaohe (1935–1941). He turned 100 in 2006. He became a supercentenarian (turning 110) in 2016.

Zhou died on 14 January 2017 at his home in Beijing, a day after his 111th birthday.

References

Other websites

 

1906 births
2017 deaths
Chinese educators
Chinese scientists
Chinese writers
Linguists
Supercentenarians
William Reid Pogue (January 23, 1930 – March 4, 2014) was an American NASA astronaut, teacher, public speaker and writer. He is best known for being a crew member of Skylab 4. He was born in Okemah, Oklahoma.

Pogue died from natural causes in the morning of March 4, 2014 in his Florida home. He was 84 years old. He was outlived by his wife and three children.

References

Other websites

 William R. Pogue at Space Facts

1930 births
2014 deaths
American astronauts
Deaths from natural causes
American teachers
United States Air Force
Writers from Oklahoma
Educators from Oklahoma
The SPRAT (for Système de pose rapide de travures) is an assault bridge built on a military heavy truck. It is made in France and used by the French army. It's purpose is as a mobile bridge for military vehicles. It was used starting in 2011.

Military of France
Military transport

Within the forward edge of battle, the PTA is a unique gap crossing solution. The modularity offered by the PTA also provides a tactical advantage for vehicles up to class MLC 80. Since 2009, the Modular Assault Bridge has been commissioned into the French Army under the name SPRAT (Système de Pose Rapide de Travure - rapid bridge layer system).

In front of the breach, it is capable of deploying two short 14.3 m bridges or one long 26 m bridge.

The bridge is deployed from the armored cab, thus ensuring operator safety. Rapid horizontal deployment (10 minutes with 2 operators for the long bridge) ensures operational discretion.

Thanks to its stabilizing legs, the PTA can establish a bridge from unprepared banks (inclination of +/- 5%, slope of +/- 10%).

The high mechanical strength of the PTA's bridges allows the crossing of vehicles up to class MLC 80 over a gap of up to 24 meters in a repetitive manner as they are stress and fatigue qualified according to the FINABEL code.

Equipped with a digital, automated combat system (including an IR camera, operator interface and telemetry), the Modular Assault Bridge can be used day or night.

Weighing less than 60 metric tons, it can be driven on ordinary roads and can also be transported by air.

The assault bridge SPRAT is manufactured by the French company CNIM.
SEPECAT (for Société Européenne de Production de l'avion École de Combat et d'Appui Tactique) is an Anglo-French company which makes just one aircraft: the Jaguar. SEPECAT is the alliance of two aircraft companies: British Aircraft Corporation in UK and Breguet in France.

Aircraft companies
The Path to 9/11 is a melodramatic, event-based television movie. It is about the events between the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the few minutes just after the September 11 attacks. The movie was criticized for saying untrue things about events and some people and for not showing all sides of things.

The cast includes Patricia Heaton, Harvey Keitel and Donnie Wahlberg. Keitel was warned that some things in the movie were not true. When the TV network was trying to fix the issue, however, it was too late. There were arguments on what was true or untrue.

This movie aired in two parts in September 2006 on the ABC Network.

Movies based on the September 11 attacks
American thriller movies
American drama movies
2006 movies
Vincent James "Vince" Russo (born January 24, 1961) is an American creative writer and author. He is known for his work in professional wrestling. He is best known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW), World Wrestling Federation (WWF), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

During his time writing for the WWF and WCW, he was known for contributing edgy storylines that included profanity, storylines involving sexual content, swerves or unexpected heel turns, as well as worked shoots in the storylines. Russo mentions on the back of his book Rope Opera that he has "been known as both the savior of Vince McMahon's WWF and the man who destroyed WCW."

He most recently worked with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. On February 14, 2012, TNA President Dixie Carter announced that TNA and Russo had parted ways during the week.

In October 2003, he became a Born Again Christian.

Championships
World Championship Wrestling
WCW World Heavyweight Championship (one time)

References

Other websites

1961 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from New York City
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
WWE people
James Mark "Jim" Cornette (born September 17, 1961) is an American retired manager, commentator, promoter, and booker.

He is best known for his work in Jim Crockett Promotions, World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). He was also the owner of Smoky Mountain Wrestling from 1991 to 1995. He has also appeared as an on-screen character in an authoritative role for Ring of Honor (ROH) as the "Commissioner"  and in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) as the "Management Director" (as well as an off-screen road agent).

Cornette has expressed his hatred for Vince Russo and WWE Producer Kevin Dunn in interviews. He also mentioned in a "YouShoot" that he is an atheist.

Championships
Cauliflower Alley Club
Other honoree (1997)
National Wrestling Alliance
NWA Hall of Fame (Class of 2005)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Manager of the Year (1985, 1993, 1995)
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
Class of 2012
World Wrestling Federation
Slammy Award for Blue Light Special for Worst Dresser (1996)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Best Booker (1993, 2001, 2003)
Best Non-Wrestler (2006)
Best on Interviews (1985–1988, 1993)
Manager of the Year (1984–1990, 1992–1996)
Best Pro Wrestling Book (2009) (Midnight Express 25th Anniversary Scrapbook)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)

References

Other websites
Official website
WWE profile

1961 births
Living people
American atheists
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Louisville, Kentucky
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
WWE people
Allan Eric Funk (born July 7, 1971) is an American professional wrestler. He currently competes in Lucha Libre USA where he competes under the ring name Chi Chi.

He is best known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) where he competed under the ring name Kwee Wee and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the name Bruce where he was one-half of The Rainbow Express, a stereotypical homosexual tag team with Lenny Lane.

Championships
Big Time Wrestling
BTW Ohio Tag Team Championship (one time)
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
Miss TNA (one time)

References

Other websites
Archive of Kwee Wee's WCW profile
Online World of Wrestling profile 

1971 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Ohio
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
The cyclostomes (or cyclostomata) are the lamprey and hagfish. They are the only two living jawless fish, the Agnatha.

Recent molecular data from rRNA, and from mtDNA, show that these living agnathans  are monophyletic. There are about 100 species. Hagfish are vertebrates but do not have vertebrae. It is believed that they lost their vertebrae during their lifestyle adaptations.

The name Cyclostomata means "round mouths". Their mouths cannot close due to the lack of a jaw, so they have to constantly cycle water through the mouth.

References 

Agnatha
Overview 
Wonder is a children's novel written by R.J. Palacio. Wonder was ranked #1 on The New York Times Best Seller list. It was also on the Texas Bluebonnet Award master list. 

This novel is about a boy. This is not a normal boy because of the way he looks (Treacher Collins Syndrome) . He has two or three face surgeries per year. He is normally home-schooled but this year is a little different, he is going to middle school.

The book is in the point of view of different people around Auggie's ( the diagnosed one) life.

Characters

References 

Children's books
Kessler Syndrome (or an ablation cascade) is a thought-up situation made by the NASA scientist Donald J. Kessler in which the amount of space debris in orbit is large enough to cause space collisions to happen often. This would make space mostly unusable for years if it happened at an extreme level.

There is a satellite in orbit that is large and inactive, making it count as space debris, but it is in an orbit with a large amount of space debris. Two known objects get within 200m of it every year. This could cause a lot of space debris, inducing a domino effect with more collisions.

Avoiding Kessler Syndrome 
Satellite manufacturers must demonstrate that their satellite can safely destroy itself or boost itself into a higher or lower orbit, known as a graveyard orbit, to avoid keeping unused satellites in common orbits for other satellites.

Related pages
 Space debris
 Gravity (movie), a 3D movie showing space debris and a form of Kessler Syndrome.

References 

Spaceflight
Egon Karl-Heinz Bahr (18 March 1922 – 20 August 2015) was a German SPD politician.

During World War II Bahr was expelled from the Wehrmacht because he was partly of Jewish descent.

After the war he worked as a journalist and a diplomat before entering into politics.

Bahr was promoted by West German Chancellor Willy Brandt to serve as Secretary of the Prime Minister's Office from 1969 until 1972. Between 1972 and 1990 he was an MP in the Bundestag of the Federal Republic of Germany and from 1972 until 1976 was also a Minister of the Federal Government.

References

Other websites

1922 births
2015 deaths
Former members of the German Bundestag
German diplomats
German journalists
Government ministers of Germany
German writers
Politicians from Thuringia
Politicians of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
Robert L. Sumner  (August 3, 1922 – December 5, 2016) was an American Christian author, Baptist pastor and evangelist. He was the editor of the fundamentalist newspaper The Biblical Evangelist.

Sumner was born in Norwich, New York. He studied at Norwich High School and Baptist Bible College & Seminary.

References

1922 births
2016 deaths
American Baptists
American editors
Evangelists
Writers from New York
Hans Erni (21 February 1909 – 21 March 2015) was a Swiss painter, designer and sculptor. He was known for illustrating postage stamps, activism, lithographs for the Swiss Red Cross, and participation on the International Olympic Committee. The Hans Erni Museum, in the grounds of the Swiss Museum of Transport, contains a large collection of artwork.

Erni was born in Lucerne. He was the third of eight children. Ernie died in Lucerne on 21 March 2015 at the age of 106.

References

Other websites

 
 

1909 births
Designers
2015 deaths
Swiss painters
Swiss sculptors
Swiss centenarians
People from Lucerne
Evijärvi is a municipality in Finland. In January 2014, 2,689 people lived there. The municipalities next to it are Kauhava, Kruunupyy, Lappajärvi, Pedersöre and Veteli.

Other websites 

  

Municipalities of Finland
Historical linguistics is the study of language change. It has five main concerns:
to study changes in particular languages
to discover the pre-history of languages, and group them into language families (comparative linguistics)
to develop theories about how and why language changes
to describe the history of speech communities
to study the history of words, etymology.

History and development
Modern historical linguistics dates from the late 18th century. It grew out of the earlier discipline of philology, the study of ancient texts and documents dating back to antiquity.

At first, historical linguistics was comparative linguistics. The focus was on the well-known Indo-European languages, many of which had long written histories. Scholars also studied the Uralic languages, another language family for which less early written material exists.

Since then, there has been linguistic work in non-European languages, such as on the Austronesian languages and various families of Native American languages.

Comparative linguistics is now part of a discipline of historical linguistics. For Indo-European languages, comparative study is now a well-developed field. Most research is being carried out on their later development, such as the development of the modern standard varieties.

Some scholars have done studies attempting to establish super-families. They have, for example, linked Indo-European, Uralic, and other families into Nostratic. Such attempts have not been accepted widely. The information needed to establish relatedness becomes thinner the farther back. The time depth of linguistic methods is limited because of chance word resemblances and variations between language groups. Scholars can trace language changes back to around 10,000 years. The dating of the various proto-languages is also difficult; several methods are available for dating, but only approximate results are possible.

References 

Branches of linguistics
Nostratic is a hypothetical language family which includes many of the present-day language families of Eurasia. The idea is that Nostratic was spoken after the ice sheets melted but before people spread out throughout Europe and Asia.

Many of today's languages are descendants of Nostratic, so it is thought. These include the Indo-European, Uralic, Altaic and Kartvelian languages. The Afroasiatic languages, native to North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Near East, as well as the Dravidian languages of the Indian subcontinent, are usually included as well.

The name "Nostratic" is derived from the Latin nostrates, meaning "us" (in other words, fellow countrymen). The idea was expanded in the 1960s by Soviet linguists, called the "Moscovite school" by Bomhard. It has received renewed attention in English-speaking academia since the 1990s.

The hypothesis is controversial and has varying degrees of acceptance amongst linguists worldwide. Some linguists are unsure.

The hypothetical ancestral language of the Nostratic family is called Proto-Nostratic. It would have been spoken between 15,000 and 12,000 BC, in the Epipalaeolithic period, near the end of the last glacial period.

Related pages 
Historical linguistics

References 

Linguistics
Seligman () is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yavapai County, Arizona, United States. The population was 456 at the 2000 census.

Delgadillo's Snow Cap Drive-In is a popular tourist stop in the town.

References

Census-designated places in Arizona
In mathematics, the mediant of two fractions

is 

.

It is commonly referred to as the freshman sum, due to it being a common mistake when people learn about the addition of fractions. The operation is between two fractions, therefore the way these fractions are represented influence the mediant. For example, the mediant of 1/1 and 1/2 is 2/3, but the mediant of 2/2 and 1/2 is 3/4, even though the sum of both is 3/2.

Mathematics
Numbers
Arithmetics
Maurice Faure (2 January 1922 – 6 March 2014) was a French politician and diplomat. He was a member of the French Resistance and a minister in several French governments. He was born in Azerat, Dordogne.

Faure died on 6 March 2014 in Cahors, Lot. He was 92 years old.

References

Other websites
 Maurice Faure at the European Parliament

1922 births
2014 deaths
French diplomats
French people of World War II
Government ministers of France
MEPs for France
People from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
The Shamrock Summit was a summit meeting that took place in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada during March 1985. It was a meeting between Prime Minister of Canada Brian Mulroney and President of the United States Ronald Reagan. 

It was nicknamed the "Shamrock Summit" because both leaders had an Irish background. The meeting is well known because both leaders began to sing the song "When Irish Eyes are Smiling".

References

1985 in Canada
Diplomatic conferences
Quebec City
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Aaron Charles Carter (born December 7, 1987) is an American pop singer.He was born in Tampa, Florida. He became famous in the late 1990s.

Career
Carter started his music career when he was seven years old as the singer of Dead End. He left the band after two years.

Carter performed for the first time on his own in Berlin in March 1997 as the opening act for Backstreet Boys. He was 9 years old. After this he was signed to Edel America. His first album Aaron Carter was released in December 1997 in Europe. It was released in the United States on June 16, 1998. 

Carter acted in the 2004 movie Fat Albert.

Carter has an older brother, Nick, and three sisters, Angel (twin sister), B.J. and Leslie.

References

Other websites
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0004809/ IMDB

1987 births
American child singers
American pop singers
Living people
Singers from Tampa, Florida
Martin Luther Nesbitt, Jr. (September 25, 1946 – March 6, 2014) was an American Democratic member of the North Carolina Senate. He represented the 49th district (Buncombe County). He was born in Asheville, North Carolina.

Nesbitt died from stomach cancer on March 6, 2014 in his hometown of Asheville, North Carolina. He was 67.

References

Other websites
 

1946 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from stomach cancer
People from Asheville, North Carolina
Politicians from North Carolina
US Democratic Party politicians
The Stone Roses are an English rock band fronted by Ian Brown. It was started in Manchester in 1983.

History
In 1989 the band released their first album The Stone Roses. Seven singles were released from the album which went on to be voted the best British album of all time. 

In 1994 the band released their second album, Second Coming. In 1996 the band broke up. The band got back together in 2011. On May 21 2012 the band announced a reunion tour and performed for the first time in 16 years. In 2013 a documentary called The Stone Roses: Made of Stone was released. 

The band split up for a second time in 2017.

References

1980s British music groups
1980s establishments in England
English rock bands
Musical groups established in 1983
Musical groups from Greater Manchester
1983 establishments in the United Kingdom
Chernóbil, la noche del fin del mundo () is a Spanish documentary. It was produced by Plural Entertainment. It is hosted by Iker Jiménez and his partner and wife, Carmen Porter.

The documentary is about the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. It was broadcast for the first time on 11 June 2008 at Yelmo Islazul cinemas in Madrid.

Documentary movies
Spanish-language movies
Spanish movies
2008 movies
Luis Villoro Toranzo (3 November 1922 – 5 March 2014) was a Spanish–Mexican philosopher,  researcher, university professor, diplomat, academic and writer. He published more than ten books between 1950 and 2007. He was born in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Villoro died from respiratory failure on 5 March 2014 in Mexico City. He was 91 years old.

References

Other websites
 Luis Villoro at the Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas

1922 births
2014 deaths
Academics
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Mexico
Mexican educators
Politicians from Mexico City
Writers from Mexico City
Writers from Barcelona
Spanish philosophers
Lappajärvi is a municipality in Finland. It had 3,310 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Alajärvi, Evijärvi, Kauhava, Lapua, Veteli and Vimpeli.

Some villages 
Mynkelinmäki, Nissi, Itäkylä, Savonkylä, Tarvola and Karvala.

Other websites 

 Tervetuloa Lappajärvelle!

Municipalities of Finland
Eye contact occurs when "two people look at each other's eyes at the same time".

Eye contact is a form of nonverbal communication. It is a meaningful sign of social communication, but exactly what it means depends on the situation. The customs and significance of eye contact vary widely between cultures, with religious and social differences often altering its meaning greatly.

Eye contact and facial expressions give social and emotional information. People, perhaps without consciously doing so, probe each other's eyes and faces for positive or negative mood signs. Sometimes, the meeting of eyes arouses strong emotions.

Eye contact is also an important element in flirting, where it may serve to establish and gauge the other's interest in some situations.

Different societies 
In traditional societies, the role of women is usually very different from men. So, women lower their eyes, and do not to look directly at a man's face.  Lustful glances at the opposite sex, young or adult, are forbidden. 

Another social difference is that of status. Japanese children are taught in school to direct their gaze at the region of their teacher's Adam's apple or tie knot. As adults, Japanese lower their eyes when speaking to a superior as a gesture of respect.

In many cultures, such as East Asia and Nigeria, it is respectful not to look the dominant person in the eye, but in Western culture this can be interpreted as being "shifty-eyed", or untrustworthy.

References 

Non-verbal communication
Hellmuth Walter (26 August 1900 in Wedel near Hamburg – 16 December 1980 in Upper Montclair, New Jersey) was a German engineer. He pioneered research into rocket engines and gas turbines. 

His most noteworthy contributions were rocket motors for the Messerschmitt Me 163 and Bachem Ba 349 fighter planes. He designed JATO (jet-assisted take-off) units for various Luftwaffe aircraft during World War II, and a revolutionary new propulsion system for submarines known as air-independent propulsion (AIP).

In 1945 he got the Knight's Cross for his work. After the war he worked for the Royal Navy and in America. Finally, in 1956, he founded the company Hellmuth Walter GmbH in Kiel. In 1967 he built a civilian submarine, STINT, with Walter propulsion.

References 

1900 births
1980 deaths
German engineers
Kronoby () is a municipality in Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had about 6,700 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Evijärvi, Kaustinen, Kokkola, Luoto, Pedersöre and Veteli. 

The municipality was established in 1607.

References

Other websites 
The official page
 

Municipalities of Finland
Kruunupyy is a municipality in Central Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 4,293 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Halsua, Kokkola, Kruunupyy  and Veteli.

The municipality was established in 1868.

Other websites 

 The official page

Municipalities of Central Ostrobothnia
1868 establishments in Europe
1860s establishments in Finland
Instagram (sometimes shortened to Insta or IG) is an online photo and video sharing social networking service. It allows users to take pictures and videos, add digital filters to them and share them to their followers. They can then share them on a variety of social networking services, such as Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, and Flickr.

Until 2015, Instagram confined photos to a square shape, similar to Kodak Instamatic and Polaroid images. This was different than the 4:3 aspect ratio typically used by digital cameras. Users were able to share very short videos. In 2017, the length limit was raised to ten minutes.
 
Instagram was created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger. When Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger talked to famous NY Photographer Peter Parker, a photographer for the Daily Bugle, Systrom and Krieger were inspired to make an app just for photography. It was released on October 6, 2010.

As of December 2021, Cristiano Ronaldo is the most followed celebrity on Instagram.

References

Other websites
How to delete Instagram account in app

2010 establishments in the United States
Photography
Companies based in San Francisco
Social networking
2010s establishments in California
Technology
Websites established in the 2010s
Guy Damien "The Flower"/"Le Démon Blond" Lafleur OC, CQ (born September 20, 1951) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. Lafleur became the first player in the National Hockey League to score 50 goals and 100 points in six straight seasons. Lafleur spent 17 seasons in the NHL between the Montreal Canadiens, New York Rangers and Quebec Nordiques. During his time in the NHL, he won five Stanley Cups.

He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1988.

References

Other websites

1951 births
Art Ross Trophy winners
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Conn Smythe Trophy winners
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Memorial Cup winners
Montreal Canadiens players
New York Rangers players
Order of Canada
Living people
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League players
Quebec Nordiques players
Stanley Cup champions
A parliamentary republic is a name for a government. The system is used in many countries.

What it looks like
In a parliamentary system, the legislature is the part of government that makes laws. The legislature also gives power to the executive (the part of government that enforces laws). This is the basic form of a parliamentary republic. The difference is how the legislature gets its power. The legislature is not chosen by a ruler or by birth. The peoples choose the legislature in an election. This means that the executives get their power from the legislature, but the legislature gets its power from the people.

How it works
The people choose the legislature. There are many people in the legislature. That group then gets together to choose one person to be their leader. The leader is often part of the legislature. The name for this job is Prime Minister in most countries. The Prime Minister is the head of government. This person leads the country. This way, the people are the power behind the parliamentary republic. They choose the units that make government work. 

This is different from other parliamentary systems because the legislature is chosen in a different way. In other parliamentary systems, members are chosen by the head of state, the local leaders, or by birth. In a parliamentary republic, the people choose the members. The people do this through elections. Sometimes they vote for every person in parliament. Other times they vote for people in their area. The politicians they elect go to parliament to make laws and select the head of state. This gives the people power to decide who is in government.

Examples

Notes

References

Forms of government
Systems
Parliaments
"Chicagoland" is a documentary series based in Chicago, Illinois. It is produced by Robert Redford. Its pilot episode was premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival on January 19. It was aired on CNN on March 6, 2014. The documentary is about the problems facing both the city and its mayor Rahm Emanuel. The series ended on April 24, 2014.

References

2010s American television series
Documentaries
Television series set in Chicago, Illinois
Nicolaas "Nico" Bloembergen (March 11, 1920 – September 5, 2017) was a Dutch-American physicist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1981. 

He won the award with Arthur Schawlow and Kai Siegbahn. He won the prize for his works in laser spectroscopy.

Bloembergen was born in Dordrecht, Netherlands. He studied at Leiden University and at the University of Utrecht. Bloembergen became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1951.

References

Other websites

1920 births
2017 deaths
American academics
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicists
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Arizona
Dutch academics
Dutch Nobel Prize winners
Dutch physicists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Dordrecht
Yulia Lipnitskaya (; born on 5 June 1998) is a Russian figure skater. She is a 2014 Olympic champion in the figure skating team event, the 2014 World Championships silver medalist, the 2014 European champion, the 2013/14 Grand Prix Final silver medalist, the 2012 World Junior champion.

References

Other websites

 Julia Lipnitskaia at the International Skating Union
 Yulia Lipnitskaya  at the 2014 Winter Olympics

1998 births
Living people
Russian figure skaters
Olympic gold medalists
Francis Eugene George OMI (January 16, 1937 – April 17, 2015) was an American cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was the eighth Archbishop of Chicago. George resigned in September 2014 because of health issues. Blase J. Cupich succeeded him. From 2007 to 2010, he was President of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops.

George was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was diagnosed with bladder cancer in 2012. George died in Chicago from the disease at the age of 78.

References

Other websites

1937 births
2015 deaths
American Roman Catholics
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Deaths from bladder cancer
People from Chicago
Roman Catholic archbishops
William Harrison "Bones" Dillard (July 8, 1923 – November 15, 2019) was an American former track and field athlete. He was the only male so far to win Olympic titles in both sprinting and hurdling events. 

Dillard was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He studied at East Technical High School and at Baldwin-Wallace College. Dillard died of stomach cancer in Cleveland on November 15, 2019 at the age of 96.

References

Other websites

1923 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Cancer deaths in Ohio
Sportspeople from Cleveland, Ohio
American track and field athletes
Fred Waldron Phelps Sr. (November 13, 1929 – March 19, 2014) was an American pastor, civil rights activist and disbarred lawyer. He was born in Meridian, Mississippi. He is best known for heading the Westboro Baptist Church (WBC), an independent Baptist church based in Topeka, Kansas. He was often called "the most hated man in America".

Early life
On September 3, 1935, when Phelps was five years old, his mother died of esophageal cancer.  After the death of their mother, Phelps and his younger sister were raised by their great-aunt Irene Jordan in Meridian. In 1950, Jordan died in a car accident. On December 25, 1944, Phelps' father married Olive Briggs, and Phelps and his sister were raised by their father and stepmother in Meridian.

Legal career
Phelps earned a law degree from Washburn University in 1964. He started the Phelps Chartered law firm. In 1989 Phelps' legal career ended.

Political views
Phelps was a member of the Democratic Party.

Death
Phelps died from congestive heart failure on the morning of March 19, 2014 in Topeka, Kansas. He was 84 years old.

References

Other websites

 
 

1929 births
2014 deaths
American activists
American Baptists
American civil rights activists
Lawyers from Mississippi
Anti-LGBT rights activists
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Christian ministers
Deaths from congestive heart failure
US Democratic Party politicians
Politicians from Mississippi
People from Topeka, Kansas
Lawyers from Kansas
Politicians from Kansas
Flight of the Conchords is a New Zealand comedy duo. They consist of Bret McKenzie and Jemaine Clement. Together they are actors, comedians and musicians. Their work spawned a BBC radio series and then a HBO television program Flight of the Conchords (2007–09).

The group was formed in Wellington during 1998.

References

Other websites

 
 

New Zealand television actors
New Zealand movie actors
Comedians
Grammy Award winners
People from Wellington
Rock bands
1998 in music
Jemaine Atea Mahana Clement (born 10 January 1974) is a New Zealand comedian, actor and musician. He is best known as one half of the Grammy Award-winning comedy duo Flight of the Conchords with Bret McKenzie. He has starred in movies such as Gentlemen Broncos (2009), Rio (2011), Men in Black 3 (2012), The BFG and Moana (both 2016).

Clement was born in Masterton, Wellington Region. He is of Māori ancestry. He has a son with his wife, theatre actress and playwright Miranda Manasiadis.

References

Other websites

1974 births
Living people
Entertainers from North Island
Grammy Award winners
New Zealand comedians
New Zealand movie actors
Officers of the New Zealand Order of Merit
New Zealand Māori people
New Zealand singers
New Zealand television actors
People from Wellington
The Washington Summit of 1987 was Cold War-era summit meeting between U.S. president Ronald Reagan and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev. It took place between December 8-10 in Washington, D.C.. 

Reagan and Gorbachev talked about problems in Afghanistan, Central America, and South Africa, arms control porblems for chemical weapons, the status of START agreements, and human rights. 

Reagan achieved the signing of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty during the summit.

1987 in the United States
Diplomatic conferences
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Mikhail Gorbachev
1980s in Washington, D.C.
1980s in the Soviet Union
December events
Lapua is a city in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had almost 14,700 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Alajärvi, Kauhava, Kuortane, Lappajärvi  and Seinäjoki.

Other websites 

 Perhekoon kaypunki

Cities in Finland
Vesilahti is a municipality in Pirkanmaa, Finland. It had about 4,4800 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Akaa, Lempäälä, Nokia, Pirkkala, Sastamala and Urjala.

Other websites 

 The official Vesilahti page

Municipalities of Finland
Pirkkala is a municipality in Pirkanmaa, Finland. It had about 18,500 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Tampere, Nokia, Lempäälä, and Vesilahti. Pirkkala has been growing fast but doesn't yet have the status of a town or city.

Other websites 

 The official Pirkkala page

Municipalities of Finland
Tamás Nádas (20 March 1969 – 7 March 2014) was a Hungarian aerobatics pilot and world champion air racer. He was born in Kiskunlacháza, Hungary.

Nádas was killed when his plane crashed during an inverted (upside down) flyover at the Al Khor Airport in Al Khor, Qatar. He was 44 years old.

References

Other websites

 

1969 births
2014 deaths
Aviation deaths
Aviators
Hungarian sportspeople
Victor Shem-Tov (, ; 1 February 1915 – 8 March 2014) was an Israeli politician. He was minister without portfolio from 1969 to 1970, minister of health from 27 July 1970 to 20 June 1977, and also minister of welfare and social services from 3 June 1974 to 29 October 1974.

Shem-Tov was born in Samokov, Bulgaria and mostly lived in the capital Sofia. In 1939, at the age of 24, he made aliyah. The same year he joined Hashomer Hatzair.

Shem-Tov died on 8 March 2014. He was 99 years old.

References

Other websites

 Bio at Knesset Website

1915 births
2014 deaths
Bulgarian Jews
Former Members of Knesset
Government ministers of Israel
Jewish Israeli politicians
Naturalized citizens of Israel
John Jeremy Thorpe (29 April 1929 – 4 December 2014) was a British Liberal politician.

Thorpe was born in South Kensington, London, the son of former Conservative Member of Parliament John Henry Thorpe. He was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Oxford. He was the MP for North Devon from 1959 until 1979. He was leader of his party from 1967 until 1976.

In 1979 at the Central Criminal Court in London, Thorpe was acquitted of conspiracy to murder model Norman Scott.

The Scott affair 
In 1961, Norman Scott (b. 12 February 1940), a former model, met Thorpe while working as a stable lad. He claimed that he and Thorpe had a sexual relationship between 1961 and 1963, when homosexual acts were illegal in Britain.

Enquiries led to Thorpe and three others being charged with conspiracy to murder Scott. During the investigation, an antique firearms collector, Dennis Meighan, confessed he had been hired by a representative of a person called "a Mr Big in the Liberal Party" to kill Scott for £13,500. Meighan later claimed that his 1975 oral confession was significantly shortened when it was offered to him for signing: "I read the statement, which did me no end of favours, but it did Jeremy Thorpe no end of favours as well, because it left him completely out of it..." 

The judge's summing-up was widely criticised for its bias, and it made headlines when he described Scott as "a crook, an accomplished liar ... a fraud".   The four defendants were all acquitted on 22 June 1979. Dennis Meighan was never called to give evidence and remained silent until 2014, when he acknowledged his involvement and commented: "It was a cover-up, no question, but it suited me fine".

The Scott Affair ruined Thorpe, who resigned as leader of the Liberal Party, and was defeated at the next general election in 1979.

Personal life 
Thorpe was married to Caroline Allpass from 1968 until she was killed in a car crash in 1970. The couple's son was born in 1969. Thorpe was married to pianist Marion Stein (1926-2014) from 1973 until her death. Thorpe was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. He died from the disease in London on 4 December 2014, aged 85.

References 

1929 births
2014 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in London
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Leaders of the Liberal Party (UK)
Liberal Party MPs (UK)
People acquitted of murder
People educated at Eton College
Politicians from London
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water is the third studio album by American nu metal band, Limp Bizkit. Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water was released on October 17, 2000.

The album debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200 and sold 1.05 million copies in its first week which made it the fastest-selling rock album ever, breaking the record which was held for 7 years by Pearl Jam's Vs. The album was also the 18th best-selling album of the 2000s in the US.

The album featured the singles "My Generation", "Rollin' (Air Raid Vehicle)", "Take a Look Around", "Boiler", and "My Way".

Songs

References

2000 albums
Limp Bizkit albums
Nu metal albums
Significant Other is the second studio album by American nu metal band, Limp Bizkit. Significant Other was released on June 22, 1999.

The album featured the singles "Nookie", "Re-Arranged", "N 2 Gether Now", and "Break Stuff".

The band performed at Woodstock '99. When they performed, the crowd turned violent especially when the band performed the song "Break Stuff". Many several sexual assaults were reported in the aftermath of the concert. Durst announced during the concert that "People are getting hurt. Don't let anybody get hurt. But I don't think you should mellow out. That's what Alanis Morissette had you motherfuckers do. If someone falls, pick 'em up. We already let the negative energy out. Now we wanna let out the positive energy". Durst later said in an interview, "I didn't see anybody getting hurt. You don't see that. When you're looking out on a sea of people and the stage is twenty feet in the air and you're performing, and you're feeling your music, how do they expect us to see something bad going on?".

Songs

References

1999 albums
Limp Bizkit albums
Nu metal albums
Vyond (formerly GoAnimate) is an American cloud-based web service. It is for creating and distributing animated videos. Founded by Alvin Hung on November 1 2007. Vyond allows users to develop narrative videos, in which characters speak with lip synching and move around. Users can also create video presentations with voices which can also move around. The service has multiple prices based on subscription level. There is a basic free version also. In October 2015, Vyond announced it was migrating to HTML5 starting on January 4, 2016.

References

Other websites 
Inspiration: How People Use GoAnimate
Tutorial: How To Use GoAnimate

Computer graphics
Web software
The Shaanxi KJ-200 is a Chinese military aircraft. It is designed to be an Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft. It is a modification of the Y-8 transport aircraft. There are 3 examples in service in China.

Similar aircrafts 
 Grumman E-2 Hawkeye
 SAAB S-100

References 

Military aircraft
Transport in the People's Republic of China
Graham William Walker (born 4 April 1963), better known by his stage name Graham Norton, is an Irish actor, comedian and television presenter. He is best known for hosting So Graham Norton (1998–2002), V Graham Norton (2002–03), The Graham Norton Effect (2004), Graham Norton's Bigger Picture (2004–05) and The Graham Norton Show (2007–present).

Norton was born in Clondalkin, Dublin and grew up in Bandon, County Cork. He comes from a Protestant family. He is openly gay.

References

Other websites

 
 

1963 births
Living people
Gay men
Irish LGBT people
Irish movie actors
Irish stand-up comedians
Irish television actors
Irish television personalities
Irish television presenters
People from County Cork
People from Dublin
The town of Baarle legally consists of two towns. Baarle-Nassau is in the Netherlands and Baarle-Hertog is in Belgium. The farmland surrounding the town is in the Netherlands. The town of Baarle-Hertog consists of 16 "islands" of Belgian territory within the Netherlands. Inside these islands are a further seven islands that are Dutch territory.

During the twelfth century the area was swampland.  In 1198 Hendrik I, the Duke of Brabant made over some of the land to Godfried of Schoten, the Lord of Breda. Hendrick kept the lands that were paying him a rent. The area that Hendrick kept is now part of Belgium. The area that was given to Gotfried is now in the Netherlands. The title "Lord of Breda" is now held by Willem-Alexander, king of the Netherlands.  The title, "Duke of Brabant" is now a courtesy title of the heir to the Belgian throne.

Baarle-Hertog and Baarle-Nassau each have a burgermeester (mayor). Each town has its own elected town council and each has a police station. Each town has its own church. In some areas the two town councils can cooperate. They have set up a joint council to look after things like electricity, water and gas supplies, highway maintenance and refuse collection. 

Both councils also fund a joint cultural centre that houses a combined library. The cultural centre has two official entrances. The international border passes through the building. The Dutch entrance is at 7 Pastoor de Katerstraat. The Belgian entrance is at 5 Pastoor de Katerstraat. The tourist office is affiliated to both the Dutch and the Belgian tourist boards.    

Dutch trading law applies to the Dutch parts of the town. Belgian trading laws apply to the Belgian parts of the town. Difference in the laws have encouraged smuggling. After the Second World War many people smuggled butter from the Netherlands into Belgium. In modern times many people buy fireworks in Belgium and smuggle them into the Netherlands.

References

Settlements in Belgium
Settlements in North Brabant
Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 (MH370, also named under a codeshare agreement as China Southern Airlines Flight CZ748) is a missing Malaysia Airlines international passenger flight. The aircraft had 227 passengers and twelve crew members on board.

Flight 370 left Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, at 00:41 on 8 March 2014 (MST; UTC+8) for a scheduled six-hour flight to Beijing, China. Subang Air Traffic Control Centre lost contact with the plane at about 01:22, while over the Gulf of Thailand. It was reported missing at 02:40.

The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is investigating to see if terrorism is involved. Two passengers, one from Austria and another one from Italy, were named on the manifest. However, they were later discovered not to have been on board, their passports having been stolen. Meanwhile, Malaysian authorities are also ruling the identity of two other passengers to be false.

On 24 March 2014, officials with both Malaysia Airlines and the Malaysian government stated that while the aircraft's whereabouts were still not known, "unparalleled" analyses by the United Kingdom's Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) and UK satellite company Inmarsat indicated that it had crashed into the southern Indian Ocean. It was presumed by these officials that all 239 people aboard died. 

On 29 July 2015, a flaperon was found on a beach in Saint-André, on Réunion island. On 5 August, the Prime Minister of Malaysia Najib Razak announced that the found flaperon was confirmed to be from flight MH370's aircraft.

References

2014 disasters in Asia
Aviation disasters in Asia
Aviation disasters in the 2010s

History of Malaysia
March events
The Tethys Ocean existed between the continents of Gondwana and Laurasia during much of the Mesozoic era. 

Several smaller versions have existed down to the present day. Today's Black Sea, Caspian Sea, and Aral Sea are remnants of the Tethys.

Names 
This is a list of names which have been used for different stages of the Tethys:
Proto-Tethys, from the latest Ediacaran to the Carboniferous 550–330 million years ago (mya)
Palaeo-Tethys or Paleo-Tethys, from Carboniferous to early Jurassic
Tethys Ocean proper, or Neo-Tethys,  existed between the continents of Gondwana and Laurasia before the opening of the Indian and Atlantic oceans during the Cretaceous period. Roughly, a bigger Mediterranean, continuing right through to the Indian Ocean.
Alpine or Paratethys sea to the north of the Tethys, roughly where the Alps are today.

Oceans
Mesozoic
The Punjab States Agency was a political office of the British Indian Empire. The agency was created in the 1930s, on the model of the Central India Agency and Rajputana Agency. It dealt with forty princely states in northwest India. formerly dealt with by the British province of the Punjab province. The Punjab Hill States agency was created from it in 1936. 

After 1947, most of the states agreed to join the Union of India. The rest joined the Dominion of Pakistan.

History of Punjab
British India
Government agencies
Chandra Gupta was a major king of the Gupta Empire around 320 AD. He is generally considered the founder of the Gupta dynasty. He made alliances with many powerful families in the Ganges region.

Kings and queens
Indian people
Juankoski is a town in Northern Savonia, Finland. About 5,000 people lived there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Juuka, Kaavi, Kuopio, Rautavaara and Tuusniemi. Since 2017, it was merged into the city of Kuopio.

Other websites 

 Juankoski website

Towns in Finland
Former municipalities of Finland
Shraddha Kapoor (born March 3, 1987) is an Indian actress and singer who appears in Hindi movies of Bollywood. Through her movie career, she has become one of Bollywood's famous actresses and one of the most popular celebrities in India. She began her acting career in the 2010 movie Teen Patti for which she earned a nomination in the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut category.

References

Other websites

 Shraddha Kapoor at Wikia
 

1989 births
Living people
Punjabi people
Indian movie actors
Singers from Mumbai
Actors from Mumbai