cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Autonomic dysreflexia (AD), also called autonomic hyperreflexia, is a medical emergency.

Who Gets Autonomic Dysreflexia? 
AD usually happens in people with spinal cord injuries that have caused damage above the sixth thoracic vertebra (T6, which is about at the same level of the armpits).  However, AD sometimes happens in people with spinal damage as low as their tenth thoracic vertebra (T10, which is about a few inches above the level of the belly button).

AD can also happen in people with diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS).

Symptoms 
Acute AD causes many symptoms.  Some are very dangerous.  These symptoms include:
 Hypertensive emergency: the person's blood pressure gets very high all of a sudden.  The blood pressure can get so high that it can cause a stroke.  
 bradycardia, a slow heart rate.  If the heart beats too slowly, the rest of the body cannot get enough blood or oxygen.  This is dangerous, because every part of the body needs blood (which carries oxygen) to survive.  For example:
 If the brain does not get enough oxygen, a person can get brain damage or die.  
 If the heart does not get enough oxygen, it can stop beating normally or even stop beating completely.
 Bad headaches
 Very bad sweating
 Stuffy nose
 Skin flushing (redness) above the level of the spinal injury
 anxiety
 Thinking problems

What Causes Autonomic Dysreflexia? 
Acute AD happens when the involuntary nervous system gets overexcited.  The body's fight or flight response kicks in very strongly.  

Scientists think this happens because of afferent nerves.  Afferent nerves are supposed to sense things (like touch) and send messages back to the brain and spinal cord so the brain can decide how to react.  Scientists think that afferent nerves below the spinal cord injury cause blood pressure to get and stay high, by causing the blood vessels to get smaller.  This is part of the fight or flight response.

References

Medical emergencies
Nervous system
Hugh Hewitt (born February 22, 1956) is an American radio talk show host. He works with the Salem Radio Network. He is also a  lawyer, academic, and author. Hewitt is a conservative and a Catholic, he comments on society, politics, and media bias in the United States. Hewitt is also a law professor at Chapman University School of Law.

References

Other websites

 
 Hewitt's columns at Townhall.com
 
 

1956 births
Living people
American radio personalities
Lawyers from Ohio
Educators from California
American conservatives
Writers from Ohio
Writers from California
People from Orange County, California
American bloggers
Lawyers from California
Educators from Ohio
Eldar Alexandrovich Ryazanov (; 18 November 1927 – 30 November 2015) was a Russian movie director and screenwriter. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1984. He was born in present day Samara, Russia.

He was known for his movies; Carnival Night (1955), Hussar Ballad (1962), Beware of the Car (1966), The Irony of Fate (1975), Office Romance (1977), The Garage (1979), A Cruel Romance (1984), and Promised Heaven (1991).

Ryazanov suffered a stroke in 2014. He was rushed to a hospital in Moscow for breathing problems on 21 November, 2015. Ryazanov died there eight days later on the night of 30 November from respiratory and heart failure at the age of 88.

References

Other websites
 

Russian Fan Site

1927 births
2015 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Russia
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from respiratory failure
Russian actors
Russian movie directors
Russian movie producers
Russian screenwriters
Soviet actors
 
Soviet writers
Anatoly Ivanovich Savin (born 6 April 1920 in Ostashkov, Russia - 27 March 2016) was a Russian scientist. He is a specialist in the field of information and control automation systems. He is also a doctor in Technical Science. Savin is the chairman of the Council on the problems of image processing and the scientific director of OJSC.

References

Other websites
 Интервью с Савиным 
 На сайте Концерн ПВО «Алмаз-Антей»  
 На сайте Биографический центр  
 На сайте ЦНИИ «Комета» 

1920 births
2016 deaths
Russian scientists
Norman Frederick Jewison, CC, O.Ont (born July 21, 1926) is a Canadian movie director, producer, and actor. He is the founder of the Canadian Film Centre. 

He is known for his works; The Cincinnati Kid (1965), The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966), In the Heat of the Night (1967), The Thomas Crown Affair (1968), Fiddler on the Roof (1971), Jesus Christ Superstar (1973), F.I.S.T (1978), ...And Justice for All (1979), A Soldier's Story (1984), Agnes of God (1985), Moonstruck (1987), Other People's Money (1991), The Hurricane (1999) and The Statement (2003). 

Jewison has addressed important social and political issues throughout his directing and producing career. This often made him a controversial or complicated figure.

Other websites

The Norman Jewison Collection at the Victoria University Library at the University of Toronto contains photographs and publicity materials, papers and correspondence, shooting scripts and schedules for films directed or produced by Jewison between 1975 and 2003.
Order of Canada Citation 
 
CBC Digital Archives: Master Storyteller Norman Jewison
movie clips: , compilation, 5 min.

1926 births
Living people
Canadian movie directors
Canadian movie producers
Canadian movie actors
Actors from Toronto
Conversation Peace is the 22nd album released by American musician Stevie Wonder. It was released on the Motown label in 1995. The album was Wonder's first studio album since 1987's Characters. The album was going to be released in 1993, which was the last year new jack swing was popular, but Wonder continued to work on the album through to 1995 and the album wasn't contemporary enough to get radio airplay. It had three singles, "For Your Love", "Tomorrow Robins Will Sing" and "Treat Myself".

Track listing 
All songs written and composed by Stevie Wonder, except where noted.
 "Rain Your Love Down" – 6:08
 "Edge of Eternity" – 6:01
 "Taboo to Love" – 4:25
 "Take the Time Out" – 5:05
 "I'm New" – 5:41
 "My Love Is with You" – 5:54
 "Treat Myself" (Wonder, Stephanie Andrews) – 4:55
 "Tomorrow Robins Will Sing" – 4:46
 "Sensuous Whisper" – 5:47
 "For Your Love" – 5:00
 "Cold Chill" – 6:53
 "Sorry" – 6:45
 "Conversation Peace" – 6:39

Personnel 
Personnel involved in the album include:

 Anita Baker – Background vocals
 Ollie Brown – Conductor
 Lenny Castro – Percussion
 Ernie Fields, Jr. – Tenor saxophone
 Ladysmith Black Mambazo – Background vocals
 Robert Margouleff – Mixing
 Branford Marsalis – Saxophone
 Greg Phillinganes – Keyboards
 Melvin "Wah Wah" Ragin – Guitar
 Nathan Watts – Bass, background vocals, associate producer
 Deniece Williams – Background vocals
 The Winans - Background vocals
 Stevie Wonder – Guitar, arranger, keyboards, vocals, background vocals, multi instruments, mixing
 Syreeta Wright – Background vocals
 Take 6 - Background vocals

Charts

Peak positions

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

1995 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
is a fictional character in the Metroid video game series. Ridley is a draconic extraterrestrial and an archenemy of Samus Aran. Ridley led an attack on Samus's home planet of K-2L which destroyed the world and killed her parents. Ridley appears in his metal form in Metroid Prime and Prime 3: Corruption.

Reception
Ridley has received a positive critical response from fans and video game publications. Nintendo Power ranked Ridley at #6 on their list of favorite Nintendo villains. Jesse Schedeen of IGN called Ridley the real villain of the Metroid series, saying that they would have to include him in a Metroid movie because he would be too important to leave out.

Ridley has also appeared in the Super Smash Bros. series as a boss in Brawl'''s Subspace Emissary mode and as a boss on the Pyrosphere stage in Super Smash Bros. for Wii U''. He can help the player who damages him enough on the Pyrosphere stage.

References

Fictional characters introduced in 1986
Metroid
Nintendo video game characters
Video game characters
The sulfur cycle is the way sulfur moves between rocks, waterways and living systems.

Sulfur (S) is an element important to ecosystems and the climate. The majority of sulfur is stored underground, for example under the ocean or in rocks. It also occurs naturally in places like swamps (where organisms have decomposed) and volcanoes. Humans add excess sulfur into this cycle, usually through atmospheric pollution caused by fossil fuel combustion.

Steps of the sulfur cycle 
As rocks are worn down by erosion they release sulfur that was once stored, becoming SO4 once it touches the air
Plants absorb this sulfur through photosynthesis and make this sulfur organic
Animals, specifically herbivores and omnivores consume the sulfur when they eat the plants
Sulfur moves through the food chain as secondary consumers and tertiary consumers eat the primary consumers
When animals and plants die, the sulfur dissipates into the atmosphere as sulfate and also through the body of the decomposers
The sulfur in the atmosphere is returned to the soil and water cycle when it rains
Sulfur can also be naturally released when volcanoes explode. The hydrological cycle plays a critical role in moving sulfur around.

Human Impact on the sulfur cycle 
Humans are responsible for 1/3 of the sulfur in the atmosphere. Sulfur is released by the combustion of fossil fuels, as mentioned above, and is most prevalent as sulfur dioxide. Sulfur is one of the root causes of acid rain along with nitrogen and carbon which negatively affects the environment. Acid rain is created when the H2O falls and combines with the Sulfur trioxide to create Sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is also used in most fertilizers and so can be introduced into the water cycle from runoff off of nearby farms into rivers and lakes. This causes eutrophication and algal blooms, and so reduced the Dissolved oxygen and biodiversity in that water system. Sulfur in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide also absorbs radiation, however which keeps the earth's surface cooler and combats some of the effects of global warming.

Biochemistry
Anemone coronaria (Palestinian poppy or Spanish marigold)  is a flowering plant in the genus Anemone. It is native to the Mediterranean region. It is the national flower of Palestine.

Anemone coronaria is widely grown for its decorative flowers. Numerous cultivars have been selected and named.

Note 

Plants of Asia
Ranunculales
was a Japanese manga artist. He was born in Sakaiminato, Tottori. Mizuki was mostly known for his Japanese horror manga GeGeGe no Kitarō.

Mizuki died from a heart attack in Tokyo, Japan, aged 93.

References

Other websites 
"Drawing from Experience", Japan Times, February 6, 2005, last accessed in March 22, 2012.
Mizuki Production website
Sakaiminato: The town where you can meet Kitaro 
Shigeru Mizuki Road, Shigeru Mizuki Museum , photos
Japan Focus: War and Japan: The Non-Fiction Manga of Mizuki Shigeru

1922 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Japan
Japanese artists
Japanese military people
Military personnel of World War II
Tottori Prefecture
Gerrit Holdijk (17 November 1944 –  30 November 2015) was a Dutch jurist and politician. He was born in Uddel. He was a member of the Reformed Political Party (SGP). He was a member of the States-Provincial of Gelderland from 1987 to 2011. He was also a member of the Senate from 1986 to 1987 and again from 1991 to 2015.

Holdijk died in Uddel from lung cancer, aged 71.

References

Other websites
  Senate biography
  Parlement.com biography

1944 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Dutch Calvinists
Dutch provincial politicians
Members of the Senate of the Netherlands
Politicians from Gelderland
Reformed Political Party politicians
Jean Joubert (27 February 1928 – 28 November 2015) was a French novelist, short story writer, and poet.
He won the 1978 Prix Mallarmé for Poems: 1955–1975. He won the 1975 Prix Renaudot for L'Homme de sable. Joubert was born in Châlette-sur-Loing, Loiret.

Joubert died on 28 November 2015 in Paris from a heart attack, aged 87.

References

Other websites
Jean Joubert biography 

1928 births
2015 deaths
Centre-Val de Loire
Children's writers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
French novelists
French poets
Trophic levels categorize organisms into different levels of the food chain. The first trophic level are producers, or autotrophs.

Biology
The phosphorus cycle includes the following steps:

 Phosphorus in fertilizer, rocks, and mountains is distributed by rain to nearby land and bodies of water
 Animals eat the plants grown by fertilizer. They expel the phosphorus as waste. It eventually reaches the water as runoff.
 Phosphorus is cycled through animals that live in water. It is eventually deposited into the ocean floor.
 Phosphates contribute to the sediment at the bottom of the water. That sediment becomes rock
 The ocean bed eventually becomes a mountain range over several millions of years because of normal geological functions
 The phosphorus in those mountain ranges is washed off into bodies of water and the cycle begins again and again.

Diagram

References 
Friedland, Andrew J., Rick Relyea, and David Courard-Hauri. "The Phosphorus Cycle." Environmental Science for AP*. New York: W.H. Freeman, 2012. N. pag. Print.

Biochemistry
Üsküdar University is a university in Istanbul, Turkey. It was founded by the Human Values and Mental Health Foundation. It is the first university of Turkey for the study of Behavioral Health and Sciences.

The university consist of four undergraduate faculties, one Vocational School Of Health Services, and one institute.

Faculty & Institute
Communication Faculty 
Faculty of Health Sciences 
Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences 
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences 
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF HEALTH SERVICES 
Institutes

References

Colleges and universities in Turkey
2011 establishments in Asia
Istanbul
2010s establishments in Turkey
Kaşif Nevzat Tarhan (born on July 7, 1952 in Merzifon, Amasya, Turkey ) is a Turkish medical scientist, psychiatrist and neuropsychology expert.

Life
He was born in Merzifon in 1952. He finished Kuleli Military High School in 1969 and graduated from Cerrahpaşa Medical School Istanbul University in 1975. Following his internship at GATA (Gülhane Military Medical Academy) he worked in Cyprus and Bursa garrisons at different military medical institutions. 

In 1982 he became a specialist psychiatrist at GATA. After his clinical services as a specialist at Erzincan and Çorlu Hospitals, he became an assistant professor(1988), an associate professor (1990) at GATA Haydarpaşa. He was promoted to colonel in 1993 and became a professor in 1996. 

Between 1996 – 1999 he worked at  Yüzüncü Yıl University as faculty member and as an expert at Forensic Institution. He got retired on his own will. He took the representation of  "Memory Center of America" in Turkey in 1998.

He has been the chairman of the board of NPİSTANBUL, the first neuropsychiatry hospital of Turkey, and also the founding rector of Üsküdar University.

He has more than a hundred publications 31 of which are international. He speaks English and German. He is married and has two children.

References

Living people
1952 births
Neuroscientists
Turkish writers
Psychiatrists
Romantic orientation, also called affectional orientation, indicates the sex or gender that a person is most likely to have a romantic relationship with. It is compared to the term sexual orientation. Romantic orientation is based on the idea that sexual attraction is one component of a larger picture. For example, although a pansexual person may feel sexually attracted to multiple genders, they may be predisposed to romantic intimacy with females. For asexual people, romantic orientation is often considered a more useful measure of attraction than sexual orientation.

References 

Human sexuality
LGBT
Arsenal Stadium was a football stadium. It was commonly known as Highbury Stadium, or simply Highbury. It was the home stadium of Arsenal Football Club from 1913 until 2006.

References

Other websites

 Highbury Square Official website of the redevelopment project

Arsenal F.C.
St Denys' Church, Sleaford is a medieval church located in Sleaford, Lincolnshire, England. The oldest parts of the present building are the tower and spire. The spire stands 144 feet (44 metres) tall. A window tracery is dated to about the late 13th century. The Gothic nave, aisles and north transept were built in the 14th century. The church is a Grade I listed building, a term given to "buildings of exceptional interest".

References 

Churches in England
Gothic architecture
Lincolnshire
The Palestine sunbird (Cinnyris osea) is a bird native to the Middle East and Africa.

Passeriformes
Birds of Africa
Birds of Asia
The thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) is a bird from Europe and Asia. It used to be considered a thrush, but is now considered to be an Old World flycatcher.

References

Passeriformes
Birds of Europe
Birds of Asia
The currawong is a type of bird from Australasia. They form the genus Strepera, which belongs to the Artamidae family of birds. There are three species of currawong.

Related pages 
 Magpie
 Raven

Passeriformes
Birds of Australia
On 24 November 2015, a bus carrying Tunisian presidential guards exploded, killing 12, on a principal road in Tunis. After the attack, President Beji Caid Essebsi issued a state of emergency in Tunisia. ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack. The bomber, who killed himself in the attack, was identified as Houssem Abdelli.

References

2010s explosions in Africa
21st century in Tunisia
Attacks on buses

Explosions in 2015 
Islamic State
Islamic terrorist incidents in Africa
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2015
Mass murder in 2015
Mass murder in Africa
November 2015 events
Suicide bombings in Africa
Suicide bombings in the 2010s
Terrorist incidents in Africa in the 2010s
2015 bombing
Yoka Berretty (8 May 1928 – 28 November 2015) was a Dutch actress. Berretty was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands. She appeared in 35 movie and television shows between 1954 and 2000. She was known for her roles in Makkers Staakt uw Wild Geraas (1960), The Silent Raid (1962), Charlotte (1981), and in Punk Lawyer (1996)

Berretty died in Amsterdam after having fallen down the stairs of her home a week earlier.

References

Other websites

1928 births
2015 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the Netherlands
Deaths from stroke
Dutch movie actors
Dutch television actors
People from Rotterdam
Jari Kurri (born 18 May 1960 Helsinki, Finland) is a retired five-time Stanley Cup champion in NHL hockey.

Kurri started his ice hockey career in the junior team of Jokerit. Already in age of 17, he played in Jokerit team adults. He also played for Finnish Junior National Team in 1978, 1979, and 1980. He played on the Olympic Finland team in 1980.

In 1980 he was invited to play for Edmonton Oilers in Canada. There he played with Wayne Gretzky for 8 seasons until Gretzky moved to Los Angeles. They became famous. Oilers won Stanley Cup 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, and 1990. Later Kurri played for Los Angeles Kings, New York Rangers, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and Colorado Avalanche.

During his career Kurri made 600 goals in NHL.

Because Kurri was most years continuing his NHL term in North America in Stanley Cup playoffs, he could not play for Finland National tesm very often. However he was in Olympic Games in Nagano 1998, and got a bronze medal.

References

Other websites

1960 births
Finnish ice hockey players
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy winners
Sportspeople from Helsinki
Living people
Boris II of Bulgaria was an emperor (Tsar) of Bulgaria. He was emperor from 969 to 971. His father was Peter I of Bulgaria. When Peter died in 969, his son Boris was being held in Constantinople by the Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus II. The Byzantines apparently allowed Boris to return to Bulgaria. When he arrived he was immediately proclaimed Tzar Boris II. Sviatoslav I of Kiev, who had earlier subdued parts of Bulgaria, returned in August 969 and subdued the remaining parts of Bulgaria. He allied himself to Boris II in order to get his Bulgarian soldiers to fight against the Byzantines. The new Byzantine Emperor, John I Tzimisces invaded Bulgaria. By the end of 971 all of Bulgaria was in Byzantine hands. By that time Boris II had abdicated.

References 

Emperors and empresses
Bulgarian people
10th-century births
977 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Olaf I Tryggvason (–1000) was the King of Norway from 995 - 1000. He began his career as a Viking in exile. He was a brutal king who forced Christianity on his people.

Biography 
Olaf was the son of king Tryggve Olafsson of Norway and grandson of Harald Fairhair, the first king of all Norway. According to tradition, Gunhild, wife of Eric Bloodaxe, wanted him killed. Instead he and his mother were sold as slaves. When they were freed, he ended up in Russia where he grew up. He commanded the mercenary troops  of Vladimir the Great in Kiev. In 985 he led his Vikings through the Baltic Sea in a raid on the British Isles. He won the Battle of Maldon in 991. He and Sweyn Forkbeard, the two leaders, received a payment from the English of  of money (in gold and silver). According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he accepted the Christian faith just after a failed attack on London in 994. Rich, newly converted and with many followers, he decided to return to Norway to spread Christianity.

In the autumn of 995 he arrived in Norway. He was accepted as King and began the process of converting the people to the new Christian faith. Olaf did this by force. He looted and burned pagan temples. He forced entire communities to become Christian or die. However, many of his pagan subjects chose death over giving up their beliefs. Finally, in the year 1000, his enemies joined forces, attacked and killed him at a place named "Svolder".

References 

960s births
1000s deaths
Converts to Christianity
History of Norway
Kings and Queens of Norway
Murilo Endres (born 3 May 1981) is a Brazilian volleyball player. He is a member of Brazilian men's national team and Brazilian club SESI São Paulo. He has won two silver medals at the Olympic Games, in Beijing 2008 and London 2012. He also competed in the World Championships in 2006 and 2010, and won a silver medal in 2014. He has also competed in the World League, South American Championship, World Cup and the Grand Champions Cup.

Other websites
 FIVB Profile

1981 births
Living people
Brazilian Olympians
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists
Brazilian volleyball players
Nikola Grbić (; born September 6, 1973) is a Serbian retired volleyball player. He was a member of the Yugoslavian national team from 1995 to 2003, Serbia and Montenegro from 2003 to 2006 and Serbia from 2006 to 2010. He won a gold medal at the Olympic Games in Sydney 2000, bronze at the Olympic Games in Atlanta 1996. He also competed in the Olympic Games in Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008. He has won several medals at the World Championships, European Championships and World League, Italian Championships (2008, 2010), Russian Championships (2014). He was later head coach of the Serbian men's national team.

Other websites
 LegaVolley player profile

1973 births
Living people
2004 Summer Olympics
2008 Summer Olympics
Coaches
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists
Olympic gold medalists
Serbian sportspeople
Volleyball players
Ziziphus jujuba, commonly known as the jujube, is a species of Ziziphus. It is in the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae). It is used mainly as a shade tree which also bears fruit.

References 

Plants of Asia
Rhamnaceae
William Barclay Foster (1779 - 1855) was the father of Stephen Foster, a well-known American songwriter. William was an important businessman in his time. Some people have written about him and have called him one of the most prosperous merchants of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He worked in the state of Pennsylvania as a state legislator. He was also elected mayor of Allegheny City two times. (Allegheny City is now part of the city of Pittsburgh.) He married Eliza Clayland Tomlinson on November 14, 1807, in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.

His father James Foster, was born in 1779 in Berkeley County, Virginia. At the end of the Revolutionary War, he and his family moved to western Pennsylvania with other Scottish and Irish families. James Foster was one of the founders and original trustees of Canonsburg Academy, a school founded in 1791. William attended the academy until he was sixteen. He moved to Pittsburgh shortly after the city's incorporation along the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers. William Foster went to work for the company Denny and Bellen, "Dry Goods, Hardware, etc." He represented the company, was promoted to a partner, and traveled to many places.

References

1779 births
1855 deaths
Businesspeople from Pennsylvania
Politicians from Pennsylvania
USS New Jersey (BB-16) was the fourth of five Virginia-class battleships of the United States Navy. She was originally going to be named the USS Virginia.  She was built at the Fore River Shipbuilding Company in Quincy, Massachusetts in May 1902. She was launched in November 1904. After sea trials she was commissioned into the fleet in May 1906. The ship was armed with an offensive battery of four  guns and eight  guns. She was capable of a top speed of . New Jersey was  long, had 23,000 horsepower and was built at a cost of $3,405,000.

New Jersey spent her entire career in the Atlantic Fleet. In late 1906, she took part in the Second Occupation of Cuba. She participated in the Jamestown Exposition in April – May 1907. At the end of the year, she joined the Great White Fleet for its circumnavigation of the globe, which lasted into 1909. The ship spent the following five years conducting peacetime training. In April 1914, New Jersey took part in the occupation of Veracruz during the Mexican Revolution. During World War I, she was used as a training ship. After the war, she was tasked with transporting American soldiers back from Europe. New Jersey was decommissioned in 1920 and slated for destruction in bombing tests in 1923. New Jersey was sunk on 5 September 1923 off Cape Hatteras as a target ship.

References 

1904 establishments in the United States
1923 disestablishments
1920s disestablishments in the United States
Naval ships of the United States
United States Navy
The Pacific Time Zone is one of the time zones in the world. It is based on the mean solar time of the 105th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory. Normally, its time is 8 hours before Coordinated Universal Time. The time zone is in the United States, Canada and Mexico. The biggest city in the zone is Los Angeles, California; its metropolitan area is the largest in the zone. During Daylight Savings Time, the Pacific Time Zone is represented by UTC−7. 

This time zone is called Pacific Time (PT) During Winter it is Pacific Standerd Time (PST) which is UTC-8 and in summer it is Pacific Daylight Time (PDT) which is UTC-7.

Places that are in Pacific Time Zone

Canada

All of Yukon, Tungsten, Northwest Territories and Most of British Columbia

United States

It includes the entire states of Washington and California

It also contains most of Oregon and Nevada

Parts of the Idaho Panhandle are part of the Pacific Time Zone

Mexico

Baja California Norte uses Pacific Time Zone
Time zones
The 2015 San Bernardino shooting was a mass shooting in San Bernardino, California. It started at 10:59 a.m. Pacific Standard Time (PST) on December 2, 2015. At least fourteen people were killed and seventeen were wounded. It happened at the Inland Regional Center. The shooters may have targeted a banquet hosted by San Bernardino County Department of Public Health. The shooters left in an SUV.

The two suspected shooters, one woman and one man, Tashfeen Malik and Syed Rizwan Farook, were killed by police during a gunfight.

References

2015 in California
2015 murders in the United States
2010s crimes in California
December events
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2015
Islamic terrorist incidents in the United States
Mass murder in California
Mass shootings in California
Massacres in the United States
Murders by firearm in California
San Bernardino, California
Linezolid is an antibiotic. It can heal serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that other antibiotics are do not heal. Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria which cause disease, like streptococci and MRSA. It is mainly used to treat infections of the skin and pneumonia.

It is relatively safe to take linezolid for short periods. It can be used in people of all ages and in people with liver disease or poor kidney function. Common harmful effects of short-term use include headache, diarrhea, and nausea. Long-term use, however, has been associated with more serious harmful effects.

Linezolid was discovered in the 1990s by a team at Pharmacia & Upjohn Company. It was first approved for use in 2000. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, which is a list of medications needed in a basic health system. Linezolid costs approximately US$100 per tablet in the United States.

Society and culture

Brand names 
Linezolid is marketed by Pfizer under the trade names Zyvox (in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and several other countries), Zyvoxid (in Europe), and Zyvoxam (in Canada and Mexico). Generics are also available, such as Linospan/Lizomed (in India), Nezocin (in Pakistan), and Linzolid (in Bangladesh, by Incepta).

References 

Antibiotics
Jenna Lee Dewan Tatum (born December 3, 1980) is an American actress and dancer. She began her career as a backup dancer for Janet Jackson. Later she worked with artists including Pink, Missy Elliott, and Christina Aguilera. She is known for her role as Nora in the 2006 film Step Up for which she won a Teen Choice Award. She has also starred on the short-lived NBC series The Playboy Club. Tatum had a recurring role on the FX series American Horror Story: Asylum. She was Freya Beauchamp on the Lifetime series Witches of East End. Dewan has been married to actor Channing Tatum since 2009.

References

Other websites
Official website 

Actors from Hartford, Connecticut
American dancers
American movie actors
American television actors
1980 births
Living people
Samuel Richard "Sandy" Berger (October 28, 1945 – December 2, 2015) was an American political consultant of Jewish descent. He served as the United States National Security Advisor for President Bill Clinton from March 14, 1997 until January 20, 2001. Before that, he served as the Deputy National Security Advisor for the Clinton Administration from January 20, 1993 until March 14, 1997.

In 2005, Berger got a fine of $50,000 and had to do 100 hours of community service because he had taken documents from the National Archives in Washington although he wasn't allowed to do this.

Sandy Berger died of cancer of unknown primary origin in Washington, D.C. on December 2, 2015, aged 70.

References

1945 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cancer of unknown primary origin
Lawyers from New York
American lobbyists
Cancer deaths in Washington, D.C.
Cornell University alumni
Harvard University alumni
Jewish American criminals
Jewish American politicians
Jewish lawyers
Politicians from New York
United States National Security Advisors
US Democratic Party politicians
Robert Eugene Glennen, Jr., PhD (March 31, 1933 – December 1, 2015) was an American education administrator. He served as Emporia State University's thirteenth president in Emporia, Kansas. Before president of Emporia State, Glennen also served as the tenth president at Western New Mexico University, many administrative jobs at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and the University of Notre Dame.

Glennen was born in Billings, Montana. He died in Las Vegas, Nevada at the age of 82.

References

1933 births
2015 deaths
Educators from Montana
People from Billings, Montana
Educators from Las Vegas, Nevada
Educators from Kansas
Suffolk is one of the Counties of England. 

Suffolk may also refer to:

In geography:
 Canada:
 Suffolk Township, now Saint-Émile-de-Suffolk, Quebec
 Ireland:
 Suffolk, Belfast
 England:
 Suffolk (UK Parliament constituency)
 United States:
 Suffolk, Mississippi, in Franklin County, Mississippi
 Suffolk, Montana, in Fergus County, Montana
 Suffolk, Virginia, an independent city in eastern Virginia
 Suffolk County, Massachusetts
 Suffolk County, New York

In ships:
 HMS Suffolk, one of five ships, so named, of the British Royal Navy
 USS Suffolk (AKA-69), an attack cargo ship of the United States Navy

In fauna:
 Suffolk (sheep), black-faced, open-faced breed of domestic sheep 
 Suffolk Punch, one of England's oldest breed of draft horse

In other:
 Earl of Suffolk, a title that has been created four times in the Peerage of England
 Duke of Suffolk, a title that has been created three times in the Peerage of England
 Suffolk Downs, a thoroughbred race track in East Boston, Massachusetts
 Suffolk University, a college in Boston. MA
Joseph Frederick Engelberger (July 26, 1925 – December 1, 2015) was an American physicist, engineer and entrepreneur. Engelberger created the first industrial robot in the United States, the Unimate, in the 1950s. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.

Later, he worked as entrepreneur and vocal advocate of robotic technology beyond the manufacturing plant in a variety of fields, including service industries, health care, and space exploration. He has been called "the father of robotics" for his works to the field.

Engelberger died in Newtown, Connecticut from complications following a stroke at the age of 90.

References

1925 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American physicists
Engineers from New York
Scientists from New York City
Scientists from Connecticut
Businesspeople from New York City
Businesspeople from Connecticut
Jasper County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 117,404. Its county seat is Carthage. Its largest city is Joplin. The county was formed in 1841. It was named for William Jasper, a hero of the American Revolutionary War.

References

 
1841 establishments in Missouri
Jackson County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. In 2010, the population was 674,158. This county has the second-highest number of people in the state, after St. Louis County. It has two county capitals, Independence and Kansas City. The county was created December 15, 1826. It was named for President Andrew Jackson (elected 1828).

References

Missouri counties
1820s establishments in Missouri
1826 establishments in the United States
Kylo Ren (born Ben Solo) is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. He was introduced in the 2015 movie Star Wars: The Force Awakens. He was portrayed by Adam Driver. He is the main villain of The Force Awakens, The Last Jedi , and is redeemed in the final installment  The Rise of Skywalker.

Kylo Ren is the pseudonym of Ben Solo, the son of original Star Wars trilogy characters Han Solo, who he later killed, and Leia Organa. Though trained by his uncle Luke Skywalker as a Jedi, he has been drawn to the dark side of the Force, and wants to be as powerful as his grandfather, Darth Vader who he praised and thought was the king of evil, not the one who killed the emperor. Throughout all of The Force Awakens and the first two acts of The Last Jedi, Ren wants to be fully committed to the dark side, but there are times where the light side tries to pull him back in. This can be seen because when he kills his father Han, he hesitates before he does it. Even when he has a chance to kill his mother Leia, he chooses not to after giving it thought. This makes him a complex character.  

Kylo Ren is the master of the Knights of Ren and a commander for the First Order, an organization created from the fallen Galactic Empire.The First Order believed that the Empire's leader, Emperor Palpatine, had been killed by Luke Skywalker, not Darth Vader. He is featured in The Force Awakens media and merchandising, and has appeared in the movie's sequel, Star Wars: Episode VIII - The Last Jedi''.

References

Other websites
 Kylo Ren in the Official StarWars.com Encyclopedia

Fictional characters introduced in 2015
Star Wars characters
Scott Weiland (born Scott Richard Kline; October 27, 1967 – December 3, 2015) was an American musician, singer and songwriter. His career lasted three decades. He was best known as the lead singer for the rock band Stone Temple Pilots from when they formed in 1986 until he was fired in 2013. He was also the lead singer of band Velvet Revolver from 2003 to 2008. That band had members from another popular band, Guns N' Roses, and were called a "supergroup" because of this. 

Weiland was born in San Jose, California. At age five, he was adopted by his stepfather and moved to Ohio. Weiland moved back to California in his teens.

After he was fired from Stone Temple Pilots, Weiland formed a solo band called the Wildabouts. They released an album in March 2015 called "Blaster" but their guitar player, Jeremy Brown, died the day before it came out. Weiland himself died on this band's tour bus in Bloomington, Minnesota on December 3, 2015 after drinking and taking drugs such as cocaine and ethanol. He was 48 years old. He had battled addictions to drugs for over 20 years, at first becoming addicted to heroin in the 1990s.

References

Other websites

 

1967 births
2015 deaths
Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States
American adoptees
American heavy metal musicians
American rock singers
American Roman Catholics
Deaths from cardiac arrest
People from San Jose, California
People with bipolar disorder
Singers from California
Singers from Ohio
Casualty is a British television show aired on the BBC since 6 September 1986. It is the longest-running emergency medical drama television series in the world. It is filmed in Cardiff. The 1000th episode of Casualty aired on 25 June 2016, episode 39 of series 30.

Creation
The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin, as a response to the Margaret Thatcher era.

Location
Casualty is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the fictional county of Wyvern, in the south-west of England.

References

1986 television series debuts
1980s British drama television series
1980s British workplace television series

1980s workplace drama television series
1990s British drama television series
1990s British workplace television series
1990s medical television series
1990s workplace drama television series
2000s British drama television series
2000s British workplace television series
2000s medical television series
2000s workplace drama television series
2010s British drama television series
2010s British workplace television series
2010s medical television series
2010s workplace drama television series
BBC television dramas

British workplace drama television series
English-language television programs
Yossi Sarid (‎; 24 October 1940 – 4 December 2015) was an Israeli news commentator and former politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment, Ratz and Meretz between 1974 and 2006. He was the Minister of Education and Minister of the Environment, he led Meretz between 1996 and 2003 and served as Leader of the Opposition from 2001 to 2003.

He wrote a column for Haaretz.

Sarid was born in Rehovot and died on the evening of 4 December 2015 from a heart attack, aged 75.

References

Other websites
Yossi Sarid's official lecturer page 

1940 births
2015 deaths
Columnists
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Former Members of Knesset
Government ministers of Israel
Israeli opposition leaders
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish Israeli writers
Meretz politicians
Dag Skogheim (17 May 1928 – 4 December 2015) was a Norwegian teacher, poet, novelist, short story writer, biographer and non-fiction writer. He was born in Sømna. He made his literary debut in 1970 with the poetry collection ... gagns menneske. He was known for his 2001 novel Sanatorieliv. The book was awarded the Sverre Steen Prize from the Norwegian Historical Association in 2002.

Skogheim died in Oslo, Norway from complications following a stroke, aged 87.

References

1928 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Norwegian writers
Poets
Ferenc Juhász (16 August 1928 – 2 December 2015) was a Hungarian poet. He received the Golden Wreath award in 1992. He was thought to be a close contender for the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1976.

Juhász published his first poem in 1946. In 1949, he published his first book of poems, The Winged Foal. His poems, including "The boy changed into a stag clamors at the gate of secrets", have been widely translated.

References

Other websites
http://www.jstor.org/pss/20163235
http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_2?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&field-author=Ferenc%20Juhasz

1928 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Hungarian people
Poets
Gilberto Amauri de Godoy Filho (born 23 December 1976 in Londrina) is a retired Brazilian professional volleyball player. He is usually known as known as Giba. He played as an outside hitter.

Career 
For much of the 2000s, he was widely regarded as one of the best volleyball players in the world. During his professional career he played in Brazil, Italy, Russia, Argentina and briefly in the United Arab Emirates. He is mostly remembered for his successes with the Brazilian national team.

With the national team he won a total of 8 South American Championships, 3 America's Cups, 8 World League titles, 2 World Grand Champions Cups, three World Championships (2002, 2006, 2010) and the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, the silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where he was the non-playing captain.

During summer 2014, Giba retired from professional volleyball at the age of 37.

Other websites
  Site non officiel 
  Blog do Giba 

1976 births
2000 Summer Olympics
Brazilian Olympians
Living people
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Brazilian volleyball players
Ashton Baldwin "Ash" Carter (born September 24, 1954) is the former United States Secretary of Defense. He is also a physicist and a former Harvard University professor of Science and International Affairs. He was nominated by President Barack Obama, and confirmed by the Senate by a vote of 93–5, to replace Chuck Hagel as the US Secretary of Defense.

References

Other websites
 Preventive Defense Project 
 Ashton B. Carter  expert profile at the Belfer Center of Harvard University
 
 Collected columns at Foreign Affairs magazine
 
 Department of Defense biography

1954 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Defense
Politicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
US Democratic Party politicians
William McIlvanney (25 November 1936 – 5 December 2015) was a Scottish novelist, short story writer, and poet.  McIlvanney was known for his works Laidlaw, The Papers of Tony Veitch, and Walking Wounded. They are all known for their portrayal of Glasgow in the 1970s. He is thought to be as "the father of 'Tartan Noir’" and Scotland's Camus.

References

1936 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in Scotland
Scottish novelists
Scottish poets
Marília Pêra (22 January 1943 – 5 December 2015) was a Brazilian actress. She was called "one of the decade's [1980s] ten best actresses" by Pauline Kael.

Pêra won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress in 1982 for her role in Hector Babenco's famous movie Pixote. She received the Best Actress awards at the Gramado Film Festival (Triple Award Winner) and at the Cartegena Film Festival for Carlos Diegues' Better Days Ahead. Her other movies include Bar Esperanza,  Angels of the Night, and Diegues' Tieta.

Abel Pêra, also an actor from Brazil, was her uncle.

Pêra died in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from lung cancer, aged 72.

References

Other websites

 

1943 births
2015 deaths
Brazilian movie actors
Brazilian television actors
Cancer deaths in Brazil
Deaths from lung cancer
People from Rio de Janeiro
Pauline Kael (; June 19, 1919 – September 3, 2001) was an American movie critic who wrote for The New Yorker magazine from 1968 to 1991. Earlier in her career, her work appeared in City Lights, McCall's and The New Republic. 

Kael was known for her "witty, biting, highly opinionated, and sharply focused" reviews. Legendary critic Roger Ebert said that Kael "had a more positive influence on the climate for film in America than any other single person over the last three decades".

Kael was born in Petaluma, California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley. Kael died in Great Barrington, Massachusetts from Parkinson's disease at the age of 82.

References

Other websites

 
 Pauline Kael Archives , a collection of articles and commentary about Kael
 The Pearls of Pauline from Brights Lights Film Journal 
 Interview magazine q&a Pauline Kael interviewed by Polly Frost and Ray Sawhill

1919 births
2001 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
American movie critics
Writers from California
Writers from New York City
Hamden is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The town's nickname is "The Land of the Sleeping Giant."  The population was 60,960 at the 2010 census. Hamden is a suburb of the city of New Haven.

References

Towns in Connecticut
Siddhi Savetsila (, , , 7 January 1919 – 5 December 2015) was a Thai air force officer and politician. He served as the foreign minister of Thailand from 1980 to 1990. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand serving from January through August 1986. He has been a member of the Privy Council of King Bhumibol Adulyadej. 

Savetsila died at the age of 96 in Bangkok on 5 December 2015.

References

1919 births
2015 deaths
Civil servants
Military personnel of World War II
Siddhi Savetsila
Siddhi Savetsila
Siddhi Savetsila
Farina is a ghost town in South Australia. It is on the edge of the desert, with an unpredictable annual rainfall of 163.6 mm. It was a farming and railway town, part of the Ghan railway, 26 km north of Lyndhurst and 55 km south of Marree. In 2006 there were 55 people living near Farina.

Before 1878 Farina was called The Gums or Government Gums, It was an important waterhole in a dry desert. Farina was settled in 1878 by farmers who thought that if they ploughed the land and planted crops it would rain. It was named Farina after the Latin word for flour. The town was the railhead until 1884 when the railway reached Marree. During the wet years of the 1880s, plans were laid out for a town with 432 ¼-acre blocks. It was believed that it would be good for growing wheat and barley, however normal rainfall is not enough to grow these crops. Several silver and copper mines were dug in the surrounding area.

Farina grew to 600 people in the late 1800s.  The town had two hotels (the Transcontinental and the Exchange) and an underground bakery, a bank, two breweries, a general store, an Anglican church, five blacksmiths, a school and a brothel. In 1909, a 1143 kg iron meteorite was discovered north-east of the town.

Today all that is left are stone ruins and the elevated railway water tank. The post office closed in the 1960s and the railway line closed in the 1980s.

No one lives in the town, the closest people live at Farina station, a farm, west of the town.  A bush camping area has been set up by the owners of Farina station.

Volunteers have repaired the bakery and put up information signs.

Cemeteries
The town's cemetery is a few kilometres from the town. It has an Afghan corner with several headstones, some with both English and Arabic writing. These mark the graves of former Farina residents of Afghan origin who were part of the Afghan camel trains which used to provide transport services before the railway. All the gravestones face Mecca in the Islamic tradition.

References

 Postcards television show about South Australia

Other websites

 Bureau of Meteorology Farina statistics
 Farina: Ruined Ghost Town - Oodnadatta Track, South Australia 
 MSN Map 
 Volunteers bring ghost town back to life 
 Farina Restoration Group website

Ghost towns
Towns in South Australia