cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Zwartbles sheep are a large breed of domestic sheep. This breed first came from Holland in the north of the Netherlands. They were used to make sheep milk as well as lamb and mutton. They were often kept in the same fields as the dairy cattle. 

They were brought over to Great Britain in the late 1900s. They are not very common and now live in the north of England. The sheep have reddish brown wool,  black legs with four white socks, a white tip on the tail, and a black face with a white stripe. They do not have horns. The lambs look the same but have jet black wool. These are a tame and friendly sheep, but are difficult to look after.

They are bred for their meat and not for their wool, because it is very dark and cannot be dyed. The meat from Zwartbles sheep does not have much fat and tastes sweet. 

The Zwartbles are large sheep: ewes (females) weigh an average of , and rams (males) . 
Being so large, they often have three or four lambs. Having so many babies can cause problems for the mother in giving birth. 

These sheep have become less popular in Holland. There are so few there that they are listed as being rare by the Dutch Rare Breed Survival trust in the mid-1970s.  
The first Zwartbles were imported to the United Kingdom in the early 1990s. A group for their farmers and owners, the Zwartbles Sheep Association, was formed in 1995.

Zwartbles are now mainly used for breeding lambs, and for their meat and wool. Already coming from the cold, wet, windy climate in the Netherlands, they can live in good health at various altitudes in Great Britain. Some Zwarbles are now shown in agricultural shows to be judged. The wool of these show animals is often trimmed to remove the brown wool tips. This leaves a tight black fleece showing as the primary colour.

References

Other websites 

 Zwartbles Sheep Association Website

Caprids
Mammals of Europe
Radcliffe College was a women's liberal arts college in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the female college attached to Harvard University. It was also one of the Seven Sisters colleges. 

It shared, with Bryn Mawr College, the popular reputation of students being both intellectually and independently minded. Radcliffe gave Radcliffe College diplomas to undergraduates and graduate students for the first 70 or so years of its history. 

In 1963 Radcliffe gave joint Harvard-Radcliffe diplomas to undergraduates. A formal "non-merger merger" agreement with Harvard was signed in 1977.  Radcliffe was fully integrated with Harvard by 1999. Today, in Harvard University, Radcliffe's former campus is now the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. The former Radcliffe housing at the Radcliffe Quadrangle is now in the Harvard College housing system. Under the terms of the 1999 agreement, the Radcliffe Yard and the Radcliffe Quadrangle will always keep the "Radcliffe" name.

References 

Colleges and universities in Massachusetts
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts
1999 disestablishments
1990s disestablishments in the United States
Shiloh was a city mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. It is located in what is now the West Bank. In the Bible, it was the first capital of Israel.

Other websites 

Rabbi Ariel Bar Tzodeck's Insight into Shiloh (a Kabbalist perspective)
Shiloh in the Jewish Encyclopedia
photos of the Mosaic from Tel Shiloh
photos of the Mosaic from Tel Shiloh "Church of the ark found in the west bank" 
Photos of Tel Shiloh
More Archeology at Tel Shiloh

Archaeological sites in Israel
Old Testament
West Bank
The House of Rohan is a French noble family of viscounts, later dukes and princes. They come from the area called Rohan in Brittany. Their line descends from the viscounts of Porhoët. It is said to trace back to the legendary Conan Meriadoc. Through the Porhoët, the Rohan are related to the Dukes of Brittany. They also later developed ties with the French and English royal houses. They played an important role in French and European history.

In France there were generally considered to have been two individual lines, the Princes of Soubise and the Princes of Guéméné. Both had many other titles. Four Archbishops of Strasbourg were members of the family. The Princes of Rochefort descended from the Guéméné  line.

Architectural legacy

The great wealth of the family allowed them to build several palaces and townhouses. They built them in cities and countries in and around Europe. Well known examples of these are:

The "Hôtel de Soubise": the Parisian townhouse of the Prince of Soubise. The building is now the property of the French government.
The Château des Rohan or  Rohan-Schloss in Saverne, France. Built by the Cardinal de Rohan. Now a museum. 
Palais Rohan in Vienna, Austria (completed in 1864)
The Palais Rohan in Strasbourg, Alsace (completed in 1742) built by another Archbishop of Strasbourg.

French nobility
Sarona was a German Templer colony in Tel Aviv, Israel. It is now a neighborhood of the city. It was one of the earliest modern villages established in Palestine.

Sarona was built in 1871. It was located northeast of Jaffa. Now, the land the former colony is in the center of Tel Aviv. Many people in the Templar communities became Nazi sympathisers before and after World War II. By 1948 authorities of the British Mandate had expelled them.

Today, the place has been renovated and renewed as a "shopping village, subtracting and entertainment."

References

Other websites 

 The new lifestyle hub at the heart of Tel Aviv
 The end of the Sarona saga
  Sarona  Market

Tel Aviv
Evolve is a first-person shooter video game. It was developed by Turtle Rock Studios and published by 2K Games. The game was released on February 10, 2015 for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows.

On July 1, the game won the Best of E3 2014 "Best of Show", and it was also the winner of the "Best Console Game", "Best Action Game" and "Best Online Multiplayer" awards. On August 15, the game was awarded the most awards at the 2014 Gamescom Awards.

Reception
IGN rated the game a 9.0 out of 10. Vince Ingenito of IGN said that the game was "Turtle Rock has created a smart, asymmetric, multiplayer monster-hunting game that plays unlike anything else. It's tactically deep, bursting with character, and it offers a level of nuance rarely found in multiplayer shooters."

GameSpot rated the game 8 out of 5. Kevin VanOrd of GameSpot said of the AI: "[it] is strong enough to make playing offline matches rewarding on its own terms".

References

Other websites

Official website

2015 video games
Cooperative video games
PlayStation 4 games
Windows games
Xbox One games
Nontron () is a commune and a sub-prefecture of the Dordogne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, southwestern France. It is the capital of the northernmost arrondissement of the Dordogne department.

The Nontronite is a mineral (a silicate mineral) rich in iron named after Nontron.

Geography
Nontron has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The commune is in the centre of the Regional Natural Park Périgord Limousin ().

Nontron is surrounded by the communes Le Bourdeix, Augignac, Savignac-de-Nontron, Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière, Sceau-Saint-Angel, Saint-Martial-de-Valette and Saint-Martin-le-Pin.

Population
The inhabitants of Nontron are known, in French, as Nontronnais (women: Nontronnaises).

With a population of 3,151 (2014), Nontron has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Nontron

Nontron forms, together with Saint-Martial-de-Valette, the urban area of Nontron with a population of 4,017 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Nontron, formed by 5 communes with a population of 4,653 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .

Administration
Nontron is a subprefecture of the Dordogne and the capital of the arrondissement of Nontron.

The commune is the administrative centre () of the Périgord Vert Nontronnais canton formed by 28 communes.

It is part of the intercommunality Périgord Vert Nontronnais ().

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Nontron
 Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Other websites

 Ville de Nontron - Official site 
 Departamental Council of Dordogne 
 Prefecture official website 
 Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine 

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Dordogne
Traunsee is a lake in the Salzkammergut area in Austria. It is about  long. The lake is  wide and  deep. This depth makes it the deepest lake in Austria. It also is the second largest lake in Upper Austria.

At the north end of the lake is Gmunden, the capital of the Gmunden district . At the south end of the lake is Ebensee. The other two towns around the lake are Altmünster and Traunkirchen. At the east side of the lake is the mountain Traunstein. It is  high.

History 
The first settlements around the lake go back to the fifth century. The Romans later called the Lake Lacus Felix (the happy lake). The first time the lake was mentioned in a document was in 909 AD. Then it was called Trunseo.

Tourism  
The Traunsee is a popular destination for tourists. It is possible to swim in the traunsee. The water quality is very good. The average water temperature in August reaches . Other water sports are also possible: Sailing, Surfing and Diving. 

On a small island in Gmunden is the Schloss Ort. It is a small, medieval Castle built in 1080.

References 

Lakes of Austria
Upper Austria
The Gmunden District (German: Bezirk Gmunden) is a district of the state of Upper Austria in Austria. It is the largest district of Upper Austria with 1433 square kilometres (553 square miles). Gmunden has borders in the north with the districts of Vöcklabruck, Wels-Land and Kirchdorf an der Krems. In the south it has a border with the Styrian district Liezen. In the west it has borders with the following districts of the Salzburgerland: Sankt Johann im Pongau, Hallein and Salzburg-Umgebung.

The administrative center of Gmunden is in the town of Gmunden.

The district of Gmunden consists mostly of forests (54%). 17% of the area are used for agriculture. 3.8% of the area are bodies of water, like the Traunsee or the Hallstätter See.

History 
The district was formed in 1896 from the juridical districts of Bad Ischl and Gmunden.

Places 
Gmunden is divided into 20 towns.
 Altmünster
 Bad Goisern
 Bad Ischl
 Ebensee
 Gmunden
 Gosau
 Grünau im Almtal
 Gschwandt
 Hallstatt
 Kirchham
 Laakirchen
 Obertraun
 Ohlsdorf
 Pinsdorf
 Roitham
 Sankt Konrad
 Sankt Wolfgang im Salzkammergut
 Scharnstein
 Traunkirchen
 Vorchdorf

Pictures 

Districts of Upper Austria
Stevie McCrorie (born 1985) is a Scottish singer, musician and firefighter. He is best known for winning the fourth series of The Voice UK in April 2015. 

McCrorie's first song was called "Lost Stars". It was released on 5 April 2015. He used to be a singer from 2010 until 2012 and again has had a new career since January 2015.

References

1985 births
Living people
Firefighters
Reality show winners
Scottish pop singers
Central Ontario is a subregion of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is between Georgian Bay and the eastern end of Lake Ontario. It covers . It has a population of 1,070,644 according to the Canada 2011 Census. Much of the subregion is rural. The southern part is more densely populated than the northern part. Some of the largest cities include Peterborough, Barrie, and Belleville.

Counties 
There are five counties in the subregion:
 Dufferin County
 Haliburton County
 Hastings County
 Northumberland County
 Peterborough County
 Simcoe County
 Prince Edward County is a single-tier municipality. Ten towns, villages and townships merged with the county. The county government provides all services.

References 

Regions of Ontario
Thomas "Tom" McCabe (28 April 1954 – 19 April 2015) was a Scottish Labour Party politician. He was Minister for Finance in the Scottish Executive, and was Member of the Scottish Parliament for Hamilton South until May 2011. 

He became an MSP in the first elections to the Scottish Parliament in 1999, later holding the positions of Minister for Parliament (1999–2001), Minister for Health and Community Care (2003–2004), and Minister for Finance.

McCabe died in April 2015 after a short illness, aged 60.

References

1954 births
2015 deaths
Civil servants
Disease-related deaths in Scotland
Scottish Parliament Members
Bonded labour or debt bondage (or debt slavery) is a term used to refer to a situation where someone (a debtor) has to work for the person who lent him money. Generally, the conditions of this form of forced labour are close to slavery. Bonded labour is one of the most common forms of modern-day slavery-like conditions. Usually, the person working gets paid very little money in return for very hard work. Very often, the exact amount to be re-paid is not defined clearly. The person doing the bonded labour will never be able to pay off the debt through work. A regular work contract will also give rights to the person being employed, and the amount of work. In a normal working contract, difficult, dangrous or exhausting  work  will usually get paid better. This is not the case with debt bondage. 

Debt bondage is banned by the Convention of United Nation on slavery in 1956.

References

Related pages 
 Child labour
 Slavery

Modern-day slavery
Poverty
Money
Debt bondage
Commonly, a hotline is a telephone service, which offers specialized information. This information can be about how to deal with certain situations, but it can also be about the products of a company. The term originally came from a telephone which would automatically dial a pre-set number, once the receiver is lifted. Such telephones can still be found alongside highways, where they serve to call for help. Today, very often, hotlines are operated by call-centers.

Alcohol addiction hotline 
When a person is addicted to alcohol, it can be difficult for them to quit drinking on their own, or they may find themselves relapsing after various attempts to remain sober. Because of this, an addiction hotline can be useful in connecting individuals with a trusted advisor to answer any questions they may have about substance abuse, most often 24-hours-a-day.

Drug abuse hotline 
A drug abuse hotline or helpline is a toll-free number that has been established for the specific purpose of providing confidential and anonymous information related to addiction and treatment. Those addicted to alcohol or illegal or prescription drugs can call the telephone number and receive information on substance use, treatment facilities, and other drug-related topics.

Parents or loved ones can call and find out more about addiction, as well as inpatient rehabilitation and other care options. Drug use hotlines are generally available 24 hours a day and are staffed with caring and knowledgeable individuals who want to help.

References 

Telephone
Natalie Bennett (born 10 February 1966 in Sydney, Australia) is a former leader of the British political party, the Green Party of England and Wales. She was elected as the party's leader on 3 September 2012 and lead the party for four years, ending on 2 September 2016.

References

Living people
1966 births
British politicians
Aharon Lichtenstein (23 May 1933 – 20 April 2015) was a French-born American-Israeli Orthodox rabbi, rosh yeshiva and writer. He was an authority of Jewish law ("Halacha"). He won the Israel Prize in 2014.

Lichtenstein was born in Paris and grew up in New York, United States. He studied at Yeshiva University and Harvard University. He married in 1960 and had six children.

Lichtenstein died on 20 April 2015 in Jerusalem, aged 81.

References

1933 births
2015 deaths
American rabbis
French Jews
Israeli rabbis
Jewish American writers
Jewish Israeli writers
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from Paris
Claudius Aelianus (, modern Greek transliteration Klávdios Elianós; c. 175c. 235 AD), commonly Aelian () was a teacher from Latium. He was born around the year 170. He died after 220. Even though he was from Rome, he wrote in Greek. In English, he is often referred to as Aelian.

References 

160s births
220s deaths
Ancient Roman writers
The Bernoulli distribution is a probability distribution. It takes a value of 1 with probability p and a value of 0 with probability 1-p. It is sometimes written as . It is used in probability theory and statistics. It is named after a Swiss scientist Jacob Bernoulli.

Overview 
A Bernoulli distribution is useful because it can be used to approximate the outcomes of an experiment (such as tossing a coin) as a range of percentages. It represents a "yes or no" type experiment. If the experiment succeeds, then it is given the value 1. If the experiment does not succeed, it is given value 0. This can be used, for example, in tossing a coin, where "1" means it lands on "heads", and "0" means it lands on "tails" (or the other way around).

This distribution has only one parameter, the probability of a success (p). In fact, Bernoulli distribution is the binomial distribution with n=1, and n independent and identically distributed Bernoulli distributions also give rise to binomial distribution.

Related pages 

 Poisson distribution

References 

Probability distributions
Fennoscandia or Fenno-Scandinavia is the region including the Scandinavian Peninsula, Finland, Karelia, and the Kola Peninsula. The term usually covers the countries Finland, Norway, and Sweden in their entireties. It also includes a part of Russia. Its name comes from the Latin words Fennia (which means Finland) and Scandia (which means Scandinavia).

Fennoscandia is different to both Scandinavia and the Nordic countries. Denmark is not in the Scandinavian Peninsula and Karelia and the Kola Peninsula are not a part of the Nordic countries. They are a part of Russia. The geography of Fennoscandia is very mountainous and rough. It is also very beautiful with sights such as fjords, which take up a lot of space in Norway. Socially Fennoscandia shows the historically close relationship between the Finnish, Norwegian, Russian, Sami and Swedish people.  It also  includes the Karelia area which until near the end of the Second World War was part of Finland.  Until 1956 much of the area was a Soviet Republic and it remains an administrative division of Russia.

References

Other websites 
 The Green Belt of Fennoscandia

Peninsulas
Regions of Europe
Norman Lawrence "Norm" Crosby (September 15, 1927 – November 7, 2020) was an American comedian. He was known for co-hosting the Canadian television series Everything Goes. His nickname was The Master of Malaprop.

On November 7, 2020, Crosby died of heart failure at his home in Los Angeles, California at the age of 93.

References

Other websites

Interview, November 2010
 Interview December 27, 2014  in Ames Tribune

1927 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American television personalities
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
Comedians from Boston, Massachusetts
The City of Arvada is a city in Jefferson County Colorado, USA. It is a suburb of Denver. The United States Census Bureau estimated the city population at 111,707 residents in 2013. Arvada is the seventh largest city in Colorado. The Olde Town Arvada historic district is located  northwest of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. In 1850 gold was discovered in Arvada. It was the first gold discovery in Colorado. News of the discovery set off a gold rush.

Attractions 
 Western Bowl, 10000 Ralston Rd, Arvada, CO 80004
 Big Time Trampoline Fun Center, New Life Addiction Treatment, 7330 W 52nd Ave, Arvada, CO 80002

References 

Cities in Colorado
Sir Raymond Albert Maillard Carr FBA FRHS FRSL (11 April 1919 – 19 April 2015), known as Raymond Carr, was an English historian. His works were mostly about the history of Spain, Latin America, and Sweden. He was also Warden of St Antony's College, Oxford, from 1968 to 1987.

References

1919 births
2015 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British educators
English historians
People from Bath, Somerset
Writers from Somerset
Janaki Ballabh Patnaik (; 3 January 1927 – 21 April 2015) was an Indian politician. He was the Governor of Assam from 27 November 2009 to 11 December 2014. He was Chief Minister of Odisha from 9 June 1980 to 7 December 1989 and again from 15 March 1995 to 17 February 1999. He was a leader of the Indian National Congress

Patnaik was born in Rameshwar, Puri district, Odisha to a Hindu family. He married to Jayanti Patnaik from 1953 until his death. They had a son and two daughters.

Patnaik died from a heart attack on 21 April 2015 in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. He was 88.

References

1927 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in India
Hindus
People from Odisha
Governors of Assam
The Adams-Onís Treaty (also called the Florida treaty) was a treaty between Spain and the United States of America in 1819. This treaty gave the state of Florida to the United States. It settled a standing border dispute between the two countries. It established the U.S- Mexican border.

Background 
The treaty was considered a triumph of American diplomacy. It came at a time of increasing difficulties related to Spain's territorial boundaries in North America. This was with both the United States and Great Britain following the American Revolution. There were also tensions during the Latin American Wars of Independence. Florida had become a problem for Spain. It could not afford to send settlers or garrisons.

Treaty 
The treaty was signed in Washington, DC on February 22, 1819. It was ratified in Madrid, Spain on October 24, 1820. The treaty actually went into effect on February 22, 1821. Madrid decided to cede the territory of Florida to the United States. This was in exchange for settling the boundary dispute along the Sabine River in Texas. The treaty established the boundary of U.S. territory. It recognized the claims of the United States through the Rocky Mountains and west to the Pacific Ocean. In exchange the U.S. paid residents' claims against the Spanish government up to a total of $5,000,000. The United States also gave up its claims on parts of Spanish Texas west of the Sabine River and other Spanish areas, under the agreements in the Louisiana Purchase. Adams-Onis was a key event in determining the U.S.-Mexico border.

References 

1819
1810s treaties
1810s in the United States
19th century in Spain
Cătălina Ponor (; born 20 August 1987) is a Romanian artistic gymnast. She has won five medals at the Summer Olympics, three of them were gold medals.

References

1987 births
Living people
2004 Summer Olympics
2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists
Olympic gold medalists
Olympic silver medalists
Romanian gymnasts
Gregory Pardlo (born 1968) is an American poet, writer, and professor. His  book Digest won the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.x In 2007, Pardlo's first book Totem received the American Poetry Review/ Honickman Prize.  

Parldo was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1968. He grew up in Willingboro, New Jersey. Gregory Pardlo received his B.A. in English from Rutgers University. In 2001, he earned his M.F.A. from New York University. He was the New York Times Fellow in Poetry. He has received other fellowships. He is a fellow at the New York Foundation for the Arts, the Cave Canem Foundation, the MacDowell Artist's Colony, the Seaside Institute. Also, the Lotos Club Foundation, and City University of New York,. He received a translation grant from the National Endowment for the Arts. He is a Teaching Fellow at Columbia University.

References

Other websites

1968 births
Living people
African American writers
American poets
New York University alumni
Writers from New Jersey
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Steven Patrick "Steve" Byrnes (April 14, 1959 – April 21, 2015) was an American television announcer and producer. In 1985, he began his working on auto racing reporting, mostly NASCAR. In 2001, he began working with NASCAR on Fox as a pit reporter, and later became the host of Fox Sports 1's studio show NASCAR Race Hub.

Byrnes was born in Chicago, Illinois and grew up in New Carrolton, Maryland. He was married to Karen Goines from 1993 until his death. They had a son, Bryson.

Byrnes died from head and neck cancer on April 21, 2015 in Fort Mill, South Carolina. He was 56.

References

1959 births
2015 deaths
American journalists
American television producers
Cancer deaths in the United States
NASCAR
Writers from Chicago
Writers from Maryland
Midge is a common term for many types of small fly. They are all in a suborder, the Nematocera.

They are found on practically every land area except permanently dry deserts and the frozen zones. Some midges, such as many Phlebotominae (sand fly) and Simuliidae (black fly), are vectors of various diseases. Others are prey items for insectivores, such as various frogs and swallows.

The highland midge of Scotland (Culicoides impunctatus) is present in huge numbers. It is a significant blood-sucking pest. It is found in upland and lowland areas (fens, bogs and marshes) especially in the north west of Scotland from late spring to late summer.

The habits of midges vary greatly from species to species, though within any particular family midges commonly have similar ecological roles. Examples of families which include midges are:

 Blephariceridae, net-winged midges
 Cecidomyiidae, gall midges
 Ceratopogonidae, biting midges 
also known as no-see-ums or punkies in North America, and sandflies in Australia.
 Chaoboridae, phantom midges
 Chironomidae, non-biting midges 
also known as muffleheads in the Great Lakes region of North America 
 Deuterophlebiidae, mountain midges
 Dixidae, meniscus midges
 Scatopsidae, dung midges 
 Thaumaleidae, solitary midges

References 

Flies
Ibrahim Yusri (20 April 1950 – 20 April 2015) was an Egyptian actor. He worked on movies, stage, and television. His best known movie was The Terrorist (1994).

Yusri was born in Giza. He graduated from the Higher Institute for Dramatic Arts in 1975.

Yusri died from kidney failure on his 65th birthday (20 April 2015) in Cairo.

References

Other websites
 

1950 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Egyptian movie actors
Egyptian television actors
Stage actors
Viktor Ahn (; born November 23, 1985), also known as Ahn Hyun-soo () and Victor An, is a Russian short track speed skating athlete born in South Korea.

References

1985 births
Living people
South Korean sportspeople
Russian sportspeople
Olympic bronze medalists
Olympic gold medalists
Sandra Raluca Izbaşa () (born June 18, 1990) is a Romanian gymnast.  She has won two Olympic gold medals, at the floor event at the 2008 Olympics and at the vault event at the 2012 Olympics.

References

1990 births
Living people
2008 Summer Olympics
2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists
Olympic bronze medalists
Romanian gymnasts
Tatiana Andreyеvna Volosozhar (, ; born 22 May 1986) is a Russian figure skater.

References

Ukrainian sportspeople
Russian sportspeople
1986 births
Living people
Olympic gold medalists
Honoré III, Prince of Monaco (Honoré Camille Léonor; 10 November 1720 – 21 March 1795) was a reigning prince of the small state of Monaco. He succeeded his mother Louise Hippolyte and is to this day still one of the longest reigning European rulers.

Brief biography

The eldest surviving son of Princess Louise Hippolyte of Monaco and her husband Prince Jacques

In May 1732 he moved to Paris to be with his father till he was officially proclaimed the prince of Monaco. Antoine Grimaldi, the Chevalier de Grimaldi, acted as regent for the prince between 1732 and 1784, when Honoré chose to live in Paris. This situation remained the same for half a century until Antoine's death in 1784,

Marriage

On 5 June 1757  he married Maria Caterina Brignole a member of one of the most powerful and wealthy familys in the Republic of Genoa.  The had two sons before divorcing in 1770.

Children

 Prince Honoré IV of Monaco (17 May 1758 – 16 February 1819) married Louise d'Aumont and had children.
 Prince Joseph of Monaco (10 September 1763 – 28 June 1816) married Marie Thérèse de Choiseul and had children.

Titles and styles

20 February 1731 - 17 May 1758 His Serene Highness The Marquis of Baux.
7 November 1733 – 19 January 1793 His Serene Highness The Prince of Monaco, Duke of Valentinois.

Further reading
Edwards, Anne. The Grimaldis of Monaco. William Morrow, 1992.
Maclaga, Michael and Louda, Jiri. LINES OF SUCCESSION; Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe. MacDonald & Co., 1981; Little, Brown & Co., 1999; Time Warner Books, UK, 2002 
 Maurizio Ulino, L'Età Barocca dei Grimaldi di Monaco nel loro Marchesato di Campagna, Giannini editore, Napoli 2008. 

House of Grimaldi
1720 births
1795 deaths
Deaths from smallpox
Dukes and duchesses of France
Princes and princesses of Monaco
, known as Akane (茜) (born July 16, 1986) is a Japanese actress, product designer and talent agent. She is also a singer and dancer in the band AAA: Attack All Around. She was born in Endokawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Uno grew up in there. Her father is a copywriter. She has been active since the 1994.

Career
In 2006 Uno appeared in her first movie, Hollywood's The Grudge 2 as a japanese student.  

In 2008 she played Keiko Endo (遠藤 恵子) in Hitomi (瞳) of the NHK television fiction show.

In 2010 Uno appeared in her second film Rendez-vous (ランデブー！) as the leading character. 

In 2011 her early life was into the english textbooks of japan's Ministry of science. 

In 2012 she played Akane Yabuki (矢吹 茜) in Ume-chan Sensei (梅ちゃん先生) of the NHK television fiction show. 

In 2013 she played Hoshino Tsukiyama (月山 星乃) in Tokyo toy box (東京トイボックス) of the TV Tokyo. Tsukiyama is the heroine.

Works

Music
2005: SLOW DANCE ORIGINAL SOUND TRACK
Groovin' (with Mayu)
Good Time (with Mayu, ECO)
Now Is The Time 
2007: The Grudge 2 ORIGINAL SOUND TRACK 
End of This Way

Films
2006: The grudge2 ... Miyuki Nazawa
2010:  … Meguru Taniyama

Theater
2006:  … Akane Sueyoshi
2007: Super Battle Live Delicious Gakuin Bangaihen ~Delicious 5 Shijō Saidai no Teki~
2008: Love Letters …
2010:  …  
2011: Legend of the Galactic Heroes

TV
2007-2008: On-Time (音時間) … master of ceremonies 
2008:  … Keiko Endo
2010: Massugu na Otoko (まっすぐな男) … Mina Matsushima
2012:  … Akane Yabuki
2013:  … Hoshino Tsukiyama 
2014:  … Hoshino Tsukiyama

Radio
 2006-2007: Uno Misako no English Lyrics Selection (宇野実彩子のイングリッシュ リリックセレクション) 
 2011-2014: AAA Uno Misako's Radio Unoccoli (AAA宇野実彩子のラジオUNOッコリー) (FM Niigata)

Books
2010: UNO
2011: 
2011: 
2012: UNO-BON
2014: UNONU（you know）

References

Other websites
 宇野実彩子 AAAtwitter
 Misako Uno（AAA）Instagram
 PROFILEThe official website AAA (Triple A)
 AAA宇野実彩子のラジオUNOッコリー FM-NIIGATA

Japanese singers
Actors from Tokyo
1986 births
Living people
The Dordogne () is a river in south-central and southwest France. The Dordogne river and its drainage basin was named as a Biosphere Reserve by the UNESCO on 11 July 2012.

Geography
The Dordogne has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 274 cubic metres per second at Bergerac.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Bergerac (1958-2011)

Course

The Dordogne starts on the sides of the Puy de Sancy, Massif Central, in the commune of Mont-Dore, Puy-de-Dôme department, at an elevation of about .

It flows generally west through the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region and the Dordogne department before flowing into the Gironde where it joins, in the north of the city of Bordeaux, the Garonne river to form the Gironde estuary, at about  of altitude.
 
The Dordogne flows through 4 regions, 6 departments and 173 communes. The main communes are:

 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
 Puy-de-Dôme: Mont-Dore, La Bourboule, La Bourboule, Avèze, Singles, Larodde, Labessette
 Cantal: Beaulieu, Lanobre, Madic, Saint-Pierre, Champagnac, Veyrières, Arches, Chalvignac
 Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
 Corrèze: Bort-les-Orgues, Saint-Julien-près-Bort, Liginiac, Neuvic, Soursac, Argentat, Beaulieu-sur-Dordogne
 Occitanie region
 Lot: Carennac, Bétaille, Vayrac, Martel, Souillac
 Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
 Dordogne: Carlux, Domme, La Roque-Gageac, Beynac-et-Cazenac, Saint-Cyprien, Le Buisson-de-Cadouin, Mauzac-et-Grand-Castang, Lalinde, Mouleydier, Creysse, Bergerac, Prigonrieux
 Gironde: Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, Castillon-la-Bataille, Libourne, Fronsac, Saint-André-de-Cubzac, Bourg, Cubzac-les-Ponts

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries (more than 50 km long) of the Dordogne river are:

Left tributaries:
 Rhue - 56.6 km;
 Maronne - 92.6 km;
 Cère - 120.4 km;
 Céou - 55.1 km;

Right tributaries:
 Chavanon - 54.2 km;
 Diège - 54.4 km;
 Triouzoune - 51.3 km;
 Luzège - 64.2 km;
 Doustre - 51.2 km;
 Vézère - 211.2 km;
 Isle - 255.3 km;

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 Banque Hydro - Station P5140010 - La Dordogne à Bergerac 
The Dordogne Valley in the Lot department 
The Dordogne Valley UNESCO Biosphere Reserve 

Rivers of France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Occitanie
The Isle () is a river of south-western France that flows through the Haute-Vienne, Dordogne and Gironde departments, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is a right tributary of the Dordogne river.

Geography
The Isle has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 61.7 cubic metres per second at Coutras.

Course
The Isle starts on the Monts du Limousin, part of the Massif Central, in the commune of Janailhac, Haute-Vienne department, at an elevation of about .

It flows generally southwest through the Haute-Vienne, Dordogne and Gironde departments before flowing into the Dordogne river in Libourne at about  of altitude.
 
The Isle flows through 2 regions, 3 departments and 66 communes. The main communes are:

 Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
 Haute-Vienne: La Meyze
 Dordogne: Jumilhac-le-Grand, Périgueux, Saint-Astier, Neuvic, Mussidan, Montpon-Ménestérol
 Gironde: Coutras, Guîtres, Saint-Denis-de-Pile,Libourne

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries (more than 50 km long) of the Isle river are:
 Left tributaries
 Loue - 50.9 km;
 Auvézère - 112.2 km;
 Right tributaries
 Dronne - 200.6 km;
 Lary - 53.7 km;

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 Banque Hydro - Station P9001510 - L'Isle à Coutras  

Rivers of France
Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Rose O'Neal Greenhow (1813/1814– October 1, 1864) was a famous Confederate spy during the American Civil War. She was a socialite in Washington, D.C. before the war. Greenhow was friends with presidents, generals, senators, and high-ranking military officers. She used these friendships to pass along key military information to the Confederacy at the start of the war. In early 1861 she was put in control of a group of Confederate spies in Washington, DC. This was by Thomas Jordan, then a captain in the Confederate Army. Jefferson Davis, the Confederate president, gave her credit for helping the South's victory at the First Battle of Bull Run in late July 1861.

Greenhow was captured in August. She was placed under house arrest. But she continued her spying activities. In 1862 after an espionage hearing, she was imprisoned for nearly five months in Washington, DC. Then she was deported to the Confederate States. Greenhow traveled to Richmond, Virginia and continued to work for the confederacy. She sailed to Europe to represent the Confederacy in a diplomatic mission to France and England. She also wrote and published her memoir in London. The book was popular in England. She wanted to return to America. She took with her $2,000 in Gold. On her voyage back, her ship ran aground off Wilmington, North Carolina. A Union gunboat had chased them up the Cape Fear River. Greenhow and one other passenger tried to escape in a rowboat. Weighed down with gold she drowned when her rowboat overturned. She was honored with a Confederate military funeral.

In 1993 the women's auxiliary of the Sons of Confederate Veterans changed its name to the Order of the Confederate Rose. This followed a television movie the previous year. A new biography of her was published in 2005.

References 

1810s births
1864 deaths
American Civil War
Roy Mason, Baron Mason of Barnsley, PC (18 April 1924 – 20 April 2015), was a British Labour politician and former Cabinet minister. He was Secretary of State for Defence and Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in the late 1970s.

References

1924 births
2015 deaths
British politicians
Civil servants
People from South Yorkshire
Jeremiah J. Rodell (September 28, 1921 – April 17, 2015) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force that served as Deputy Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force from 1978 to 1980.

References

1921 births
2015 deaths
American military people
People from Minneapolis, Minnesota
Samuel Wilson (September 13, 1766 – July 31, 1854) was a meat-packer from Troy, New York whose name is likely the source of the personification of the United States known as "Uncle Sam".

References

Other websites

1766 births
1854 deaths
Businesspeople from New York
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
People from Troy, New York
Theodosia Salome Okoh (13 June 1922 — 19 April 2015) was a Ghanaian stateswoman, teacher and artist. She was known for designing Ghana's flag in 1957. She also played a leading role in the development of hockey in Ghana.

References

1922 births
2015 deaths
Ghanaian people
Artists
Educators
Tema is a city on the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic coast of Ghana. It is located  east of the capital city; Accra. As of 2013, the population was 161,612.

Settlements in Ghana
Santa Rosa is a city in and the county seat of Sonoma County, California, United States. The Census Bureau estimated its 2012 population at 170,685. In the beginning of October, 2017, a firestorm burnt 5% of the homes in the city, killing atleast 19 people.

References

Other websites
 

Settlements in Sonoma County, California 
Cities in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
County seats in California
Anti-Shi'ism (pronounced: Anti, She, ism) or Shiaphobia is the prejudice against or hatred of Shia Muslims. Shia Muslims make up somewhere between 10 and 20 percent of Muslims worldwide. Sunni Islam and Shia Islam split because the two groups have different beliefs about the type of person that could become a caliph, a top leader of Muslim peoples. Shias believed the leader should be related to the Prophet Muhammad. Sunnis believed the leader should be chosen for his ability to lead the community ( it's not because the leader should be related but because the prophet Mohammed said in the ghadeer that Ali will be the leader after him which they didn't follow. 

The two groups have lived together peacefully for centuries. Shia and Sunni have not only lived together they have intermarried in many cases. But modern politics and recent events have sparked new fighting between the two groups. Modern Anti-Shi'ism violence is just a part of the overall conflict. It is one result of the collapse of authoritarian rule in the region.

References 

 
Discrimination
Religious violence
A controlled burn (sometimes also called a prescribed fire) is a fire that is started on purpose, and kept under control.  It is done by people who are trained in controlling a fire, with the right equipment and the right weather conditions.  It is done to help the environment or to make an area safer for people.

This is not the same as a practice fire, where a firefighter crew might start a fire in a house or other building that is going to be destroyed.  They use it for practice, to learn how to enter a burning house safely and how to put out a house fire.  Controlled burns, on the other hand, are done outdoors in forests or prairies.

Reasons

There are several reasons why a controlled burn may take place.  In some areas, there may be too much dry wood and dead plants.  If a fire started there that was not controlled (like arson, an accident, or a lightning strike), that fire could become dangerous.  So by having trained people there, and burning it carefully, then the fire won't be as hot and won't get out of control.

Another reason is to help nature.  Some plants need fire so their seeds can start to grow, some animals prefer to live in places that have been recently burned, and sometimes it helps to get rid of weeds.  Also, the ash on the ground is a quick fertilizer and helps return nutrients to the soil.

Sometimes it is done to help people.  It can clear an area of brush and make it easier to see and move around.  Hunter-gatherer people would do this to chase game into an area where they can kill the animal for food.  This is becoming rare.

Methods

From the fire triangle, it is known that a fire needs fuel, oxygen and heat.  To control a fire, removing one of these three things will cause the fire to go out.  To keep the fire in the area it is supposed to be in, the fire can be smothered, removing oxygen.  Or it can be sprayed with water, removing the heat.  And the fire finishes when there is no more fuel.

Generally, the back fire is started first.  This is the fire that burns into the wind, and moves slowly.  This is a smaller, safer fire, and is easier to control.  It can be started next to a trail or stream or other fire break that keeps the fire from moving downwind.

After the back fire is in place, then the head fire is started.  It will burn downwind (travels with the wind).  This will burn faster and hotter.  When it reaches the back fire, there is no more fuel for the fire, and it dies out.

Equipment

The list can depend on the group doing the burn, but often includes:
 drip torch - this starts the fire by dripping fire onto the grass as the person walks along
 water sprayer - usually worn as a backpack, water can be sprayed onto the fire to keep it in the area it should be in
 flapper - a wide piece of rubber on a handle, this can be flapped onto the fire, putting it out
 shovel - this can be used to dig up dirt and create a fire break that will not burn

Notes

Ecology
Fire
Smith v. Allwright  (1944), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court. The decision made it unconstitutional to keep African Americans from voting in a Democratic Party primary in Texas. By extension it covered white primaries in all states. It overturned Grovey v. Townsend (1935) which had allowed the Democratic party to hold all-white primaries that excluded black voters.

The all-white primary 
The Reconstruction Amendments to the United States Constitution gave African Americans freedom from slavery, citizenship and the right to vote. But many former slave states came up with ways to keep blacks from voting. These included poll taxes, literacy tests and complex voter registration laws. While these worked in most southern states, it did not work in Texas. The party needed the Hispanic vote but wanted to exclude blacks. They needed also to split the black and hispanic vote. Texas, like most southern states, was a one-party state. The Democratic party controlled politics. The state and local primary elections decided which candidate would ultimately win office in the general election. Democrats in Texas used the "white primary" to serve their purposes. It prohibited non-whites from joining the Democratic party and taking part in primary elections. It could be used also to exclude Mexican Americans in areas of the state where the party did not need them. The Reconstruction Amendments applied to the state. But in Grovey v. Townsend the state of Texas was allowed to pass on its responsibility for protecting black voter rights to a private organization—the Democratic party. This allowed Texas to use the all-white primary.

The case 
In another decision, Grovey v. Townsend (1935), the Supreme Court decided that the Democratic Party was a private organization. Their state convention could decide who can be a member. Lonnie E. Smith, a Houston dentist, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) decided to fight this decision. 

In Smith v. Allwright (1944), the court overturned the Grovey ruling. A majority of the justices decided that the Democratic party was more than a private organization. It was a part of the election process in Texas. For this reason the court said that it was  unconstitutional to stop African Americans from voting in the Democratic primary.

References

Other websites 
 Smith v. Allwright - Impact
 Smith v. Allwright, The Oyez Project

United States Supreme Court cases
Ali Abu Mukhammad (), also known as Ali Abu Muhammad al-Dagestani, born Aliaskhab Alibulatovich Kebekov (), was a Dagestani militant Islamist in Russia and the leader of the Caucasus Emirate following the death of inaugural leader Dokka Umarov. The United States Department of State added Kebekov to its list of Specially Designated Global Terrorists on March 25, 2015. 

On 19 April 2015, Ali Abu Mukhammad was killed by Russian security forces during special operations near Buynaksk.

References

1972 births
2015 deaths
Asian military people
European military people
Heads of state
Muslim terrorists
Russian people
Sixto Valencia Burgos (March 28, 1934 – April 23, 2015) was a Mexican cartoon artist. He was born and died in Mexico City. He was best known for drawing famed Mexican cartoon character Memín Pinguín. He also worked as a cartoonist for MAD magazine.

Other websites
Bio from amiens.com 
Cartoonist defends stereotyped image on new Mexican stamps

1934 births
2015 deaths
Cartoonists
Artists from Mexico City
Meyer (Mike) Howard Abrams (July 23, 1912 – April 21, 2015), usually cited as M. H. Abrams, was an American literary critic. He was known for works on Romanticism, in particular his book The Mirror and the Lamp. 

Abrams died in Ithaca, New York, aged 102.

References

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1912 births
2015 deaths
American centenarians
American literary critics
Eductors from New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Writers from New York
Long Branch is a beach side city in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 30,719.

References

Cities in New Jersey
Monmouth County, New Jersey
The desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) is a species of locust. Plagues of desert locusts threaten agricultural production in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. They have done so for centuries. The livelihood of one-tenth of the world’s human population may be affected by this voracious insect. The destructive swarms of locusts do not form every year, but only when conditions are right for them.

The desert locust is potentially the most dangerous of the locust pests because of the ability of swarms to fly rapidly across great distances. It has two to five generations per year. The last major desert locust upsurge in 2004–05 caused crop loss in West Africa and reduced food supply in the area. The desert locust alone is not responsible for famines, but it is a contributing factor.

Development 

The insect does not have complete metamorphosis. Its larvae develop in stages called "instars". As the larvae get closer to adulthood, they are called "nymphs" or "hoppers". There are two kinds of hopper: solitary and gregarious.

In the solitary phase the hoppers do not group together but move about independently. Their colouring in the later instars tends to be greenish or brownish to match the colour of the herbage. 

In the gregarious phase the hoppers bunch together and in the later instars develop a bold colouring with black markings on a yellow background. The immatures are pink and the mature adults are bright yellow and fly during the day in dense swarms. 

The change from a solitary insect to a voracious locust pack usually follows a period of drought, when rain falls at last, and vegetation flushes in desert locust breeding places. The population builds up rapidly and the competition for food increases. 

As hoppers get more crowded, the close physical contact causes the insects' hind legs to bump against one another. This stimulus triggers a cascade of metabolic changes which move the insects from the solitary to the gregarious phase. When the hoppers become gregarious, their colouration changes from largely green to yellow and black, and the adults change from brown to pink (immature) or yellow (mature). Their bodies become shorter, and they give off a pheromone that causes them to be attracted to each other. This causes swarm formation.

References 

Orthoptera