cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Seyyad Abolhassan Banisadr ( ; ; 22 March 1933 – 9 October 2021) was an Iranian  politician, economist and  human rights activist. He was the first President of Iran from 4 February 1980 after the 1979 Iranian Revolution and the abolition of the monarchy until his impeachment on 21 June 1981.

Banisadr died at the age of 88 at a Paris hospital on 9 October 2021.

Further reading
The fundamental principles and precepts of Islamic government, Mazda Publishers, 1981
 (with Jean-Charles Deniau) My Turn to Speak: Iran, the Revolution and Secret Deals With the U.S., Potomac Books (April 1991) 
 Le Coran et le pouvoir: principes fondamentaux du Coran, Imago, 1993

References

Other websites

1933 births
2021 deaths
Presidents of Iran
Iranian writers
Political writers
Economists
Human rights activists
Mohammad-Ali Rajai () (15 June 1933 – 30 August 1981) was the President of Iran from 2 to 30 August 1981 after serving as prime minister under Abolhassan Banisadr.

He was also minister of foreign affairs from 11 March 1981 to 15 August 1981, while he was prime minister. He was assassinated in a bombing on 30 August 1981 along with prime minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar.

Other websites

1933 births
1981 deaths
Assassinated people
Presidents of Iran
Prime Ministers of Iran
"Doll Parts" is an alternative rock song by the band Hole. Courtney Love wrote the song in 1991. It became a song on their second studio album, Live Through This, and was released in November 1994. "Doll Parts" hit #4 on Billboards Modern Rock Track chart.

Rock songs
1994 songs
William Donald "Don" Payne (May 5, 1964 – March 26, 2013) was an American writer and producer. He wrote several episodes of The Simpsons after 2000, many of these with John Frink. He met Frink at the University of California, Los Angeles. He also wrote the movies My Super Ex-Girlfriend (2006), Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007), Thor (2011) and Thor: The Dark World (2013). He was born in Wilmington, North Carolina.

Payne died from bone cancer on March 26, 2013 at his home in Los Angeles, California. He was 48 years old. He was outlived by his wife and children.

References

Other websites

 

1964 births
2013 deaths
American screenwriters
American television writers
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from bone cancer
Writers from North Carolina
People from Wilmington, North Carolina
Harry L. Lewis (April 1, 1920 – June 9, 2013) was an American actor and restaurateur. He was best known for his role in Key Largo. He was also the co-founder of the "Hamburger Hamlet" restaurant chain. He was born in Los Angeles, California.

Lewis died from natural causes on June 9, 2013 in Beverly Hills, California. He was 93 years old. He was outlived by his wife, Marilyn Friedman.

References

Other websites
 

1920 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Deaths from natural causes
Restaurateurs
is the current emperor of Japan. 

Naruhito is the eldest son of former emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko of Japan. He was originally known as His Imperial Highness The Prince Hiro but was later given the title of Crown Prince in 1991.

His father Emperor Akihito announced in December 2017 that he would abdicate on 30 April 2019. Naruhito became emperor on 1 May 2019 and the enthronement was held on 22 October 2019.

Early life and careers 
Naruhito was born on 23 February 1960 at Imperial Household Agency Hospital, Imperial Palace in Tokyo,   

He is be crown prince of Japan in 1991, He was first study in Gakushūin, He was graduated at Gakushuin University in 1982, He was studying in The House or College of Scholars of Merton in the University of Oxford in 1983 to 1985  

Naruhito and Masako have engagement in spring of 1993 , their married in 9 June 1993 at Imperial Shinto Hall in Tokyo, 

Naruhito and Masako's only daughter Aiko, Princess Toshi was born in 1 December 2001 at Imperial Household Agency Hospital in Tokyo Imperial Palace.

Titles and styles
 23 February 1960 – 23 February 1991: His Imperial Highness The Prince Hiro
 23 February 1991 – 30 April 2019: His Imperial Highness The Crown Prince of Japan
 1 May 2019 – present: His Majesty The Emperor

References

1960 births
Living people
Current national leaders
People from Tokyo
Emperors of Japan
Crown Princes and Princesses of Japan
Nanda (8 January 1939 – 25 March 2014) was an Indian actress. She appeared in Hindi and Marathi movies. Her best known roles were in Chhoti Bahen (1959), Teen Devian (1965) and Gumnaam (1965). She retired in 1995. She was born in Kolhapur, British India.

Nanda died from a heart attack on 25 March 2014 at her home in Mumbai, India. She was 75 years old.

References

Other websites

 

1939 births
2014 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in India
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Indian movie actors
A spandrel is the space between two arches. It is the space between an arch and a rectangular fence or the space between the right and left exterior curve of an arch and an enclosing right angle.

In structures with more than one floor, the term spandrel can also mean the space between the top of the window in one floor and the threshold of the window in the floor above.

Spandrels have different meanings in architecture and art history.

Bridges 
Arches commonly exist in bridge constructions, so spandrels may appear in such structures. Historically, most arch expansions had solid spandrels, meaning that the areas between arches were completely filled in with masonry. This was true until the use of steel and reinforced concrete began in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Domes 
Structures of domes can also contain spandrels. Where domes are needed to rest on a square or a rectangular base, the dome is raised above the level of the supporting pillars with three-dimensional spandrels called pendentives. These triangular segments take the weight of the dome and place it onto the poles.

Architectural elements
Rodney Adolphus Wilkes (11 March 1925 – 24 March 2014) was a weightlifter from Trinidad and Tobago. He was nicknamed "The Mighty Midget" for his great strength and height. He won a silver medal for weightlifting during the 1948 London. He then won the bronze medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. He competed in the 1956 Summer OLympics.

References

1925 births
2014 deaths
1956 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists
Olympic silver medalists
Trinidad and Tobago sportspeople
Weightlifters
Paulo Schroeber (18 August 1973 – 24 March 2014) was a Brazilian metal guitarist. He was best known for his work with Almah. He was also a member of Astafix, Hammer 67, Burning in Hell and Fear Ritual by the time of his death. He was born in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul.

Schroeber died from heart failure following complications to reset an artificial pacemaker on March 24, 2014 in his hometown of Caxias do Sul. He was 40 years old.

References

Other websites
  

1973 births
2014 deaths
Brazilian entertainers
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from surgical complications
Heavy metal guitarists
Bernard "Ben" Staartjes (9 December 1928 - 18 March 2014) was a Dutch sailor. He represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel, Germany. In 1980, Staartjes was Chef de Equipe of the Dutch Olympic Sailing Team at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Tallinn. He was born in Amsterdam.

Staartjes was born in Amsterdam. He died in Kapellen, Belgium, aged 85.

References

1928 births
2014 deaths
Sailors
Sportspeople from Amsterdam
Donna Mercy Nalini Edirisinghe (18 December 1945 – 17 March 2014), better known as Mercy Edirisinghe, was a popular Sri Lankan stage actress and singer. Her most famous play was a musical by Lushan Bulathsinhala, called Tharavo Igilethi (Ducks fly). He career has lasted for nearly 60 years. She was born in Ambepussa, Sri Lanka.

Edirisinghe died in Gampaha, Sri Lanka.

References

1945 births
2014 deaths
Sri Lankan people
Singers
Stage actors
Comedians
Peter Oakley (20 August 1927 – 23 March 2014) was a British internet blogger. He was better known by his pseudonym geriatric1927 on the popular video sharing website YouTube.

Early life
Oakley was born in Norwich, Norfolk, England.

YouTube status 
By mid-2006, Oakley was the most subscribed user on YouTube. His rise to the #1 position took place in just over a week. Oakley had 30,000 subscribers as of 25 November 2006 and over 53,000 subscribers as of 24 May 2010. 

He ranks as the 52nd most subscribed all time in the United Kingdom, and is the 19th most subscribed "Director" of all time in the United Kingdom. 

As of June 2012, Oakley has over 350 videos on YouTube under his channel geriatric1927.

Death
Oakley was later diagnosed with cancer which was too far advanced for treatment and he was not expected to live. He posted his final video on February 12, 2014. He died in Bakewell, Derbyshire, England, aged 86.

References

Other websites
The Official Geriatric1927 Website
Geriatric1927 on YouTube

1927 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in England
Internet celebrities
People from Norwich
Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. (October 17, 1918 - March 25, 2014) was the founder and the owner of NFL's Buffalo Bills. The Ralph Wilson Stadium is named after him.

Wilson was born in Columbus, Ohio. He was raised in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. Wilson studied at the University of Virginia and at the University of Michigan Law School.

He was one of the founding owners of the American Football League, the league that the NFL merged with in 1970, and was the last of the original AFL owners. At the time of his death he was the oldest owner in the National Football League, at age 95. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame on August 8, 2009.

Wilson died in Grosse Pointe, Michigan from natural causes, aged 95.

References

1918 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Sportspeople from Columbus, Ohio
Businesspeople from Michigan
People from Grosse Pointe, Michigan
Businesspeople from Columbus, Ohio
Ramzan Kadyrov (, ; born 5 October 1976) is a Chechen politician. He became the Head of the Chechen Republic in February 2007. He is a former Chechen rebel.

References

Other websites

Official site of the Republic of Chechnya 

1976 births
Living people
Asian military people
Asian politicians
Chechnya
Current national leaders
European military people
European politicians
Heads of state
Muslims
Russian generals
Russian politicians
Russian sportspeople
Brandon Christopher McCartney (born August 17, 1989), known by his stage name Lil B, is an American rapper. Lil B is also known as The BasedGod.

Career
When he was 16, he started rapping with the hip hop group The Pack. They released a single called "Vans". Lil B released his first album with The Pack on October 30, 2007.

Other websites
 Twitter

References

1989 births
African American musicians
Rap musicians from California
Musicians from Berkeley, California
American Internet celebrities
Living people
Albert Leonard "Al" Rosen (February 29, 1924  – March 13, 2015), nicknamed "Flip" and "The Hebrew Hammer" (he was of Jewish descent), was an American professional baseball player. He was a third baseman and right-handed slugger in the Major Leagues for ten seasons in the 1940s and 1950s.

Rosen played for the Cleveland Indians throughout his entire baseball career. He began playing for them in 1947. He retired in 1956.

Rosen was born on February 29, 1924 in Spartanburg, South Carolina. He was raised in Miami, Florida. Rosen died on March 13, 2015 in Rancho Mirage, California, aged 90.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2015 deaths
Cleveland Indians players
Jewish American sportspeople
Sportspeople from Miami, Florida
Sportspeople from South Carolina
People from Spartanburg, South Carolina
Tanuja Mukherjee, popularly known as Tanuja, (born 23 Spetember 1943) is an Indian movie actress. She is the mother of Kajol and Tanisha. She is known for her roles in Baharen Phir Bhi Aayengi (1966), Jewel Thief, Haathi Mere Saathi (1971), and Anubhav (1971).

Tanuja was born in Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India.

Other websites

 

1943 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
People from Bombay
Helen Jairag Richardson (born 21 November 1938) is an Indian-Burmese movie and stage actress and a dancer. She mostly appears in Hindi movies. Her career began in 1951 with the movie Awara. 

Helen was born to a British father and to a Burmese mother in Burma. She was raised in Mumbai.

References

Other websites
 

1938 births
Living people
Actors from Mumbai
Burmese people
Indian dancers
Indian movie actors
Indian stage actors
Salman Khan (pronunciation : ; born Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan on December 27, 1965) is an Indian actor, producer, television presenter, and philanthropist. Khan works in Hindi language films and television shows. 

Khan was sentenced to a five-year imprisonment on May 6, 2015 from starting T-Series, running over 5 people, and killing 1, with his car. On May 8, 2015, Khan was not granted bail.

Salman Khan was born in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. His parents are veteran his first wife Sushila Charak (later adopted the name Salma Khan) and Salim Khan.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 

 

1965 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
Indian movie producers
Indian screenwriters
Television presenters
Indian philanthropists
Sadhana Shivdasani (2 September 1941 – 25 December 2015), better known as Sadhana, was an Indian actress. She was known for her roles in  Woh Kaun Thi? (1964), Mera Saaya (1966) and Anita (1967). 

Shivdasani was born in Karachi, Sindh, British India (now Pakistan). She died in Mumbai from cancer at the age of 74.

References

Other websites

 

1941 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in India
Indian movie actors
People from Karachi
People of British India
Indian stage actors
Theresa Veronica Breuer (later Teresa Brewer; May 7, 1931 – October 17, 2007) was an American singer. She sang pop, country music and R&B. She was very popular in the 1950s.

Brewer's novelty songs included the hit song "Music! Music! Music!".

Brewer was born in Toledo, Ohio. She died in New Rochelle, New York at age 76.

Country musicians from Ohio
American pop musicians
Entertainers from Toledo, Ohio
Musicians from Ohio
1931 births
2007 deaths
Teuvo Henri Matias Teräväinen (born September 11, 1994) is a Finnish ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Career
He was selected in the first round of the 2011 KHL Junior Draft by the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl.

He made his SM-Liiga debut with Jokerit on October 18, 2011. He played 40 games and ended up winning the Jarmo Wasama memorial trophy as the best rookie in the league. He decided to enter the 2012 NHL Entry Draft and he was ranked as the second best skater out of Europe by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau. He ended up being drafted 18th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks.

During his second season with Jokerit, he played 44 games and scored 31 points. He signed a three-year contract with the Blackhawks in the following August. After he signed the contract, he participated in the Blackhawks' training camp but he returned to Jokerit for the 2013-14 season.

When Ilari Filppula moved to the KHL, Teräväinen was put in as the first line centerman for Jokerit. He, however, started the season pretty slowly, and only scored two points in the first nine games. He was able to eventually pick up his game, and after a successful tournament at the World Junior Championships, he went on to a 13 game point streak, where he scored five goals and 18 assists. He ended the season with 44 points in 49 games.

When Jokerit was eliminated from the 2014 playoffs, it was announced that he would go to Chicago to join Blackhawks for the rest of the 2013–14 season. He made his NHL debut on March 25, 2014 in a 4-2 win against the Dallas Stars.

References

Other websites 

1994 births
American Hockey League players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Finnish ice hockey players
Living people
Sportspeople from Helsinki
Donald Morris "Don" Crothers (January 28, 1937 – March 16, 2014) was an American academic. He also a professor of chemistry at Yale University. He was best known for his work on nucleic acid structure and function. He was born in Fatehgarh, British India (now India).

Crothers died from cancer on March 16, 2014 at the Smilow Cancer Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut. He was 77 years old. He was outlived by his wife and two daughters.

References

Other websites
 Donald Crothers  at the Yale Department of Chemistry

1937 births
2014 deaths
American academics
American chemists
Cancer deaths in the United States
Scientists from New Haven, Connecticut
Yale University faculty
Educators from New Haven, Connecticut
James Michael "Jim" Flaherty, PC, MP (December 30, 1949 – April 10, 2014) was a Canadian politician. He served as Canada's Federal Minister of Finance from February 6, 2006 until March 18, 2014. He also served as a former provincial Minister of Finance for Ontario from 2001 to 2002, a Member of Provincial Parliament for Whitby—Ajax from 1995 to 2005, and was a member of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party caucus.

On May 21, 2013, he introduced his 2013 Budget. The Budget contained a new Building Canada Plan for the construction of public infrastructure such as roads, bridges, transit and port facilities. It was to provide $53 billion in investments to support local and economic infrastructure projects, which includes more than $47 billion in new funding over 10 years, beginning in 2014-2015.

On March 18, 2014, he resigned as Minister of Finance in order to return to the private sector. He stated that the decision was reached after many months of consulting with his family and that his health was not a factor in his decision.

When he was young, he played ice hockey. He was successful enough at the game to win a hockey scholarship to Princeton University. He is married to Christine Elliott who is a the Progressive Conservative Member of Provincial Parliament for Whitby—Oshawa. They live in Whitby, Ontario and have 3 triplet sons together: John, Galen and Quinn.

He died on April 10, 2014 in Ottawa, at the age of 64 from a heart attack. Ottawa police said that they "received a medical call to Mr. Flaherty’s condo building at 12:27 p.m."

References

Other websites
Official website

1949 births
2014 deaths
Attorneys general
Canadian lawyers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from Ontario
Politicians from Quebec
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Edward Gibbon (8 May 173716 January 1794) was an English historian and Member of Parliament. His most important work, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, was published in six volumes between 1776 and 1788. The Decline and Fall is known for the quality and irony of its prose, its use of primary sources, and its open criticism of Christianity. He was educated at Westminster School. He died of peritonitis in London.

His response to criticism 
His attack on Christianity caused several opponents to publish pamphlets against him. Gibbon defended his work with the 1779 publication of, A Vindication ... of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. In the mid-twentieth century one author said that "church historians allow the substantial justness of [Gibbon's] main positions".

References 

Womersley, David, ed. 1994. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. 3 vols. London: Penguin.

1737 births
1794 deaths
Deaths from peritonitis
Disease-related deaths in London
English historians
People from Putney
Writers from Surrey
Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi (12 December 1924 – 25 March 2014) was an Iranian historian and writer. He wrote over fifty non-fiction books. Most popular reads on topics such as the history of Iran. He was born in Kerman.

Parizi died on 25 March 2014 in Tehran. He was 89 years old. He was outlived by his wife and children.

References

1924 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from disease
Iranian historians
Iranian writers
The Lac-Mégantic derailment happened on July 6, 2013 in the town of Lac-Mégantic, Quebec at approximately 01:15 EDT. It happened after an unattended 74-car freight train which was carrying Bakken formation crude oil ran away and derailed. The result was a fire and explosion of multiple tank cars. In the disaster, 42 people were confirmed dead and 5 missing people were presumed dead.

The Lac-Mégantic derailment is the fourth deadliest rail accident in Canadian history, as well as the deadliest rail disaster in Canada since the St-Hilaire train disaster in 1864.

On July 8, Canada's monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, issued a message which expressed her and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh's, "profound sadness [over the] tragic events that have befallen the town of Lac-Mégantic" and hope "that in time it will be possible to rebuild both the property and the lives of those who have been affected." Prime Minister Stephen Harper offered his prayers and condolences to those affected. The President of the United States, Barack Obama, expressed condolences for the "devastating loss of life" and offered American help, if needed.

References 

2013 disasters
2010s disasters in North America
2010s in Canada
Disasters in Canada
July 2013 events
Rail transport in Canada
Railway accidents in North America
Ya'akov Yosef (18 October 1946 – 12 April 2013) was an Israeli rabbi. He was also a politician and served as a member of the Knesset for Shas between 1984 and 1988. He was born in Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine.

Yosef died from pancreatic cancer on 12 April 2013 at the Hadassah Medical Center in Jerusalem. He was 66.

References

Other websites
 Ya'akov Yosef at the Knesset website

1946 births
2013 deaths
Cancer deaths in Israel
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Former Members of Knesset
Israeli rabbis
Jewish Israeli politicians
People from Jerusalem
Shas politicians
A tailstrike is when the tail of an airplane hits the runway. This can happen during takeoff or landing. During takeoff, a tailstrike can happen if the pilot raises the nose too early and the plane cannot take off in time. During a landing, a tailstrike can happen if the pilot raises the nose too high during landing.

Tailstrikes usually do not have serious effects, such as killing people. However, this means that the airline has to spend money to repair the plane before it can fly again. If the plane is not repaired correctly, it may cause metal fatigue and in the end, the plane can crash.

Examples of tailstrikes 
Emirates Flight 407
Pan Am Flight 845
Asiana Airlines Flight 214

Crashes caused by incorrect repairs after a tailstrike
China Airlines Flight 611
Japan Airlines Flight 123

References 

Aviation
David Starkey CBE FSA (born 3 January 1945) is a British historian. He is also a presenter on television and radio. His main topic is the British Royal Family.

Starkey was born in Kendal, Westmorland. He studied at Kendal Grammar School and at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, where he gained a PhD. In the early 1970s he moved to London, where he became a teacher. 

Starkey's television work includes: The Six Wives of Henry VIII, Monarchy by David Starkey, The Tudors, Henry VIII: The Mind of a Tyrant and The Churchills.

Personal life
Starkey lives in Highgate, London and Kent. He is an atheist. He is openly gay and lived with his partner James Brown. James Brown died in 2015.

References

Other websites 

1945 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
BBC radio presenters
British historians
British radio personalities
British teachers
English atheists
English LGBT people
English television presenters
English television writers
Gay men
LGBT broadcasters
LGBT writers
Joyce Carol Oates (born June 16, 1938) is an American writer. Oates has taught at Princeton University since 1978.

Early life
Oates was born in Lockport, New York. She was raised Catholic. When she was 14 she started writing. Oates graduated from Syracuse University with a degree in English in 1960.

Career
In 1960 Oates' first novel, With Shuddering Fall, was published by The Vanguard Press. In the 1990s and early 2000s, Oates wrote several books, mostly mystery novels, under the pen names "Rosamond Smith" and "Lauren Kelly". In 2011 a book Oates wrote about her life called A Widow’s Story was published.

References

1938 births
American atheists
American novelists
American teachers
Living people
Writers from New York
People from Lockport, New York
Princeton University faculty
O. Henry Award winners
Educators from New York
Hey is a Polish rock band. It was started by Piotr Banach and Kasia Nosowska in 1991. Their first album, Fire, was released in February 1991.

Other websites
Official website

1991 establishments in Europe
2010s music groups
Polish musical groups
1990s establishments in Poland
Amal Nasser el-Din (; born 31 July 1928) is an Israeli Druze writer and politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for Likud between 1977 and 1988.

Nasser el-Din was born in Daliyat al-Karmel, Mandatory Palestine.

References

Other websites

 Amal Nasser el-Din Knesset webpage

1928 births
Living people
Druze
Former Members of Knesset
Likud politicians
Israeli writers
Israeli-Palestinian people
Killarney is a big town in County Kerry in Ireland. The town name is an Anglicisation of the Irish words Cill Airne. These words mean "the church of the sloe tree".

Location
Killarney is in the centre of County Kerry. It is on the north east side of a lake called Lough Leane. County Kerry is on the south west coast of Ireland. It is next to the Atlantic Ocean.

Tourism
Killarney is the main town in the Killarney National Park. People stay in the town to visit the tourist attractions in the area. There are many hotels and tourist shops in Killarney. It is also on the popular  tourist circuit called the Ring of Kerry. The route passes spectacular mountain and coastal scenery and many historic and cultural sites.

References

County Kerry
The Cathedral of Ávila is a Romanesque and Gothic church. It is in Ávila. It is just south of Old Castile, Spain. It also has a cemetery. It was built in 1475.

The Cathedral of Ávila was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.

References

Cathedrals in Spain
1475 establishments
15th-century establishments in Spain
1470s establishments in Europe
Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado (April 30, 1912 – December 15, 1995) was a Spanish politician and general. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Spain under Adolfo Suárez. He served from 23 September 1976 through 26 February 1981. He was also Spain's first Minister of Defense from 1977 to 1979.

Mellado died in a road accident in  Torremocha del Campo, Spain, aged 83.

References

1912 births
1995 deaths
Generals
People from Madrid
Road accident deaths
Spanish military people
Deputy Prime Ministers of Spain
Spanish Roman Catholics
Fernando de Santiago y Díaz de Mendívil (July 23, 1910 – November 6, 1994) was a conservative Spanish politician. He was the deputy and interim prime minister of Spain during the Spanish transition to democracy in the late 1970s. 

He had earlier been a general in the Spanish Civil War and under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco.

1910 births
1994 deaths
People from Madrid
Spanish military people
Spanish politicians
Leopoldo Ramón Pedro Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo, 1st Marquis of the Ría of Ribadeo, Grandee of Spain (; 14 April 1926 – 3 May 2008) was a Spanish politician. He was the prime minister during the end of Francisco Franco's dictatorship in Spain.

He died of cardiac arrest at his home in Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, aged 82.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Prime Ministers of Spain
People from Madrid
The President of the Government of Spain,  (), is the head of Government of Spain. The office was created by the Constitution of 1978. The current Prime Minister is Pedro Sánchez. The first politician to carry the office of Prime Minister was Adolfo Suárez.

List of prime ministers (1976 – present) 
 1. Adolfo Suárez (5 July 1976 – 29 January 1981) (1932-2014)
 2. Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo (25 February 1981 – 1 December 1982) (1926-2008)
 3. Felipe González (1 December 1982 – 5 May 1996) (1942-)
 4. José María Aznar (5 May 1996 – 17 April 2004) (1953-)
 5. José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (17 April 2004 – 21 December 2011) (1960-)
 6. Mariano Rajoy (21 December 2011 – 1 June 2018) (1955-)
 7. Pedro Sánchez (1 June 2018 – present) (1972-)

Living former prime ministers
There are four living former Spanish prime ministers:

The most recent Prime Minister to die was Adolfo Suárez (served 1976–1981) on 23 March 2014, aged 81.

References

Other websites

 www.lamoncloa.gob.es
The Railway Man is a 2013 British-Australian drama war movie. It is about a British officer who is captured by the Japanese during World War II, held prisoner, used as slave labour and tortured. He has psychological trauma from his experiences. Colin Firth plays Eric Lomax. Nicole Kidman plays Patti Lomax. 

Reviews of the movie were mixed to positive. It was released December 2013 in Australia. It was released April 2014 in the United States.

2013 drama movies
2010s war movies

British war movies
Australian drama movies
British drama movies
Swiss movies
Movies set in Asia
Movies set in the 1940s
Movies set in the 1980s
Thai culture
The L'Isle-Verte nursing home fire happened on January 23, 2014 at the Résidence du Havre nursing home in the town of L'Isle-Verte, Quebec, Canada at approximately 12:35 a.m.

An overnight worker talked to police and told Québecor Média that he was "95% sure" the fire was caused by a cigarette that was lit by a resident who refused to be let outside to smoke less than an hour earlier. He also said that the black smoke that was billowing from above the cracked open door of room 206 on the man's second-floor room. When the worker tried to help, he had "began to suffocate" and needed to leave. On his way out, he was able to rescue a man who had broken his leg by jumping from his balcony. In the fire, an estimated 32 people were killed and 15 people were injured.

Fire safety experts as well as groups such as the Canadian Association of Retired Persons, Ontario Retirement Communities Association, l'Association Québécoise de Défense des Personnes Retraitées et Préretraitées and the Canadian Association of Fire Chiefs have called for more strict fire safety measures including required sprinkler installation. As of 2014, 54% of Québec's private homes for the elderly have no sprinklers. The Québec health minister Réjean Hébert suggested that the requirements be more strengthened to put sprinklers into homes for semi-autonomous elderly.

References 

2014 disasters
2014 in Canada
2010s disasters in North America
2010s fires
Disasters in Canada
Fires in North America
January events
Quebec
Jonathan Edward Schell (August 21, 1943 – March 25, 2014) was an American writer. He was also a visiting fellow at Yale University. He is best known for campaigning against nuclear weapons. He was born in New York City, New York.

Schell died from cancer on March 25, 2014 at his home in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. He was 70 years old.

References

Other websites

 Jonathan Schell  at the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization

1943 births
2014 deaths
American academics
American activists
American war correspondents
Cancer deaths in the United States
American essayists
Writers from New York City
Educators from New York City
The 1994 Vancouver Stanley Cup Riot was a riot that took place on June 14, 1994 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was the first riot in Vancouver since the tour opener for The Rolling Stones which lead to a clash between police officers and 2,000 Stones fans outside the Pacific Coliseum in 1972.

The riot took place after the New York Rangers defeated the Vancouver Canucks in Game 7 of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals. The riot started on Robson and Thurlow Street after a man fell off of a streetlight into the crowd. When police, who were on bikes, were trying to escort paramedics into the crowd, some members of the crowd tried to take the bikes from the police. Police warned the crowd to clear out and retreated. 

After a while, riot police gathered in the crowd and fired tear gas. This caused the crowd to scatter in different directions. Lots of stores had their windows broken, including 50 windows smashed at a Eaton's store.

The tear gas that was fired drifted into the open windows of residents living on the West End. St. Paul's Hospital responded by putting guards at the emergency room entrance to prevent tear gas victims from entering there. They claimed that there was nothing that could be done for them. After a while, bowls filled with water were put outside by security guards for the people that were suffering from tear gas. The total damage to the downtown core was estimated at $1.1 million CAD.

References 

1994 in ice hockey
1990s riots
1994 in Canada
Crime in Canada
Vancouver Canucks
Now You See Me is a 2013 American caper thriller movie. It was produced by Bobby Cohen, Alex Kurtzman, and Roberto Orci. The movie was directed by Louis Leterrier. Now You See Me was released on May 31, 2013 in North America and on July 31, 2013 in France. The movie gained mixed reviews from critics and hold a 50% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie was a box-office success and gained a sequel.

Cast 
 Jesse Eisenberg as J. Daniel Atlas 
 Mark Ruffalo as Dylan Rhodes
 Woody Harrelson as Merritt McKinney  
 Isla Fisher as Henley Reeves
 Dave Franco as Jack Wilder  
 Mélanie Laurent as Alma Dray
 Morgan Freeman as Thaddeus Bradley
 Michael Caine as Arthur Tressler 
 Michael Kelly as Agent Fuller
 Common as Agent Evans
 José Garcia as Étienne Forcier
 Elias Koteas as Lionel Shrike (uncredited)

References

Other websites 
Official website

2013 crime movies
2013 thriller movies
2010s mystery movies
American crime thriller movies
American mystery movies
English-language movies
French crime movies

French thriller movies
Movies set in Las Vegas
Movies set in Louisiana
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in Paris
Robert F. Coleman (November 22, 1954 – March 24, 2014) was an American mathematician and professor at the University of California, Berkeley. He worked primarily in number theory, with specific interests in p-adic analysis and arithmetic geometry. He is also known for introducing p-adic Banach spaces into the study of modular forms.

Coleman died in his sleep on the night of March 24, 2014. He was 59 years old.

References

Other websites
 Robert F. Coleman at University of California, Berkeley Mathematics

1954 births
2014 deaths
American academics
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Harvard University alumni
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Educators from Berkeley, California
Scientists from Berkeley, California
American number theorists
Operation Yellow Ribbon was started by Canada to help with the diversion of civilian airline flights because of the September 11 attacks in 2001. It was to make sure that possible destructive air traffic was removed from the United States airspace as quickly as possible, and away from potential U.S. targets. Instead they placed the aircraft on the ground in Canada, mainly at military and civilian airports in the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador, and British Columbia (as well as some in New Brunswick, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec). Canada began the operation after the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (carried out by Security Control of Air Traffic and Air Navigation Aids (SCATANA)) had grounded all the aircraft across the United States. The FAA was then able to work with Transport Canada to reroute the incoming international flights to airports in Canada.

The actual number of diverted aircraft and passengers varies from different sources. Transport Canada stated that over 33,000 passengers on 224 flights arrived in Canada, while NAV CANADA stated that there were 239 flights. Prime Minister Jean Chrétien said that the number of flights was anywhere between 225 and 250 and that the number of passengers were between 30,000 and 45,000.

On the tenth anniversary of 9/11, President Barack Obama recalled Canada's help during that time, and he expressed his gratitude for Canada's friendship and solidarity.

References

Other websites
11-09-2001 Four Days in September
A CNN interview with then-Prime Minister Jean Chrétien the day after the attacks (Archived version at the Wayback Machine)

2001 in Canada
Aviation
September 11 attacks
Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris), is the only member of the genus Ziphius. It is the most widely distributed of all the beaked whales.

It is a record deep diver: 
"Cuvier’s beaked whales are likely to be the most extreme divers among marine mammals, able to go nearly 3km down and hold their breath for more than two hours".

History of discovery
The French anatomist Georges Cuvier, in his Sur les Ossemens fossiles (1823), first described the species based on an imperfect skull from the Mediterranean coast of France. A peasant had found it on the shore in 1803.

Cuvier named it Ziphius cavirostris. The specific name comes from the Latin cavus for "hollow" or "concave". This refers to the deep hollow in the skull, a diagnostic trait of the species. Cuvier believed it was an extinct species. In 1850 zoologists realized the species was still living, when Paul Gervais compared the type specimen to a whale stranded at Aresquiès, Hérault. He found the two to be identical.

Prey 
Cuvier's beaked whale feeds on several species of squid. They also prey on deep-sea fish. On March 27 2014 a Cuvier's beaked whale tracked by a satellite-linked tag set a new deep diving record for a sea mammal, plunging nearly two miles below the ocean surface.

Although it is in the Odontoceti, it has little use for teeth. As adults, two incisors at the front of the lower jaw stick forward. Basically, it sucks in prey by expanding its throat.

References 

Cetaceans
Anita Pallenberg (6 April 1944 – 13 June 2017) was an Italian actress and fashion designer. She starred in the movie Candy in 1968.  She also played Black Queen of Sogo in Barbarella in that same year. Pallenberg appeared in more than a dozen movies over 40 years.

Pallenberg became widely known in popular culture as the girlfriend of Brian Jones and later Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones.  She spent a lot of time with singer Marianne Faithfull, Mick Jagger's girlfriend in the late 1960s, who remained a friend of Pallenberg's. They appeared together in 2001 in the BBC situation comedy Absolutely Fabulous in episode four, "Donkey", with Faithfull playing God and Pallenberg The Devil.

Early life and death 
Pallenberg was born in Rome.  She died of complications from hepatitis C on 13 June 2017 in Chichester, West Sussex, aged 73.

References

Other websites 

Actors from Rome
Italian movie actors
Deaths from hepatitis
Disease-related deaths in England
1944 births
2017 deaths
Barbarella is a 1968 French-Italian science fiction movie. It is about the title character in the 40th century. Jane Fonda plays Barbarella, who is based on a character from a comic book series. Roger Vadim directed the movie.

Other websites 

1968 movies
1968 science fiction movies
English-language movies
French science fiction movies
Italian science fiction movies
Movies directed by Roger Vadim
Paramount Pictures movies
Candy is a 1968 sex comedy movie. The movie is a series of pornographic stories related to high school students.

Ewa Aulin plays Candy. Ringo Starr plays Emanuel. Walter Matthau and Marlon Brando are also in the movie.

Candy was released in December 1968. The reviews were mostly positive. Its box office intake was good.

Other websites 

1968 comedy movies
English-language movies
American sex comedy movies
French comedy movies
Italian comedy movies
You Don't Mess with the Zohan (also known as just Zohan) is a 2008 American slapstick comedy movie. It was produced by Adam Sandler, Jack Giarraputo, and Robert Smigel. The movie was written by Adam Sandler, Robert Smigel, and Judd Apatow and was directed by Dennis Dugan. The movie was released on June 6, 2008 in North America. The movie gained mixed reviews from critics and holds a 37% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

Cast 
 Adam Sandler as Zohan Dvir/Scrappy Coco
 Emmanuelle Chriqui as Dalia Hakbarah
 Rob Schneider as Salim the taxi driver
 John Turturro as Fatoush "Phantom" Hakbarah
 Nick Swardson as Michael Klayman
 Lainie Kazan as Gail Klayman
 Ido Mosseri as Oori
 Daoud Heidami as Nasi
 John Paul DeJoria as Paul Mitchell
 Michael Buffer as Grant Walbridge
 Dave Matthews as James T. O'Skanlon
 Shelley Berman as Mr. Dvir
 Dina Doronne as Mrs. Dvir
 Kevin Nealon as community watch member
 Robert Smigel as Yosi
 Sayed Badreya as Haleem
 Ahmed Ahmed as Waleed
 Alec Mapa as Claude
 Chris Rock as Caribbean taxi driver

Release dates

References

Other websites 
Official website 

2008 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Columbia Pictures movies
English-language movies
Israel

Movies set in Asia
Movies set in New York City
Screenplays by Adam Sandler
Happy Madison movies
Movies directed by Dennis Dugan
Richard P. Guidry, known as Dick Guidry (September 22, 1929 – March 26, 2014) was a businessman from Galliano, Louisiana. He is a Democrat. He is a former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Lafourche Parish. He is thought to be the youngest member ever elected to the Louisiana House.

Guidry died in New Orleans, Louisiana, aged 84.

References

1929 births
2014 deaths
Businesspeople from Louisiana
Politicians from Louisiana
US Democratic Party politicians
Haji Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak (born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician. He became the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia after being elected in 2009. He lost his re-election bid in the 2018 general election.

On 28 July 2020, the High Court convicted Najib on all seven counts of abuse of power, money laundering and criminal breach of trust, becoming the first Prime Minister of Malaysia to be convicted of corruption.

References

Other websites

kjknwndw

1953 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Malaysia
Deputy Prime Ministers of Malaysia
was a Japanese geneticist and evolutionary biologist. He went to the United States in 1951 as a visiting scholar to UCLA. He later became a citizen of the USA.

Biography 
Susumu Ohno was born of Japanese parents in Seoul, Korea, on February 1, 1928. The family returned to Japan after the war in 1945.

His passion for science came from his lifelong love of horses. He earned a Ph.D. in veterinary science at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology in 1949, and later a Ph.D. and D.Sc. from Hokkaido University.

Scientific contributions 

Ohno suggested that gene duplication plays a major role in evolution in his classic book Evolution by Gene Duplication (1970).

Subsequent research has overwhelmingly confirmed the key role of gene duplication in molecular evolution. Sometimes. one gene copy, or "paralog", takes on a totally new function after a gene duplication event. This means one of the gene copies mutates to develop a function that was not present in the ancestral gene. In this way, a gene duplication may lead to new possibilities in its descendents.

Normally, a big change in gene function is resisted because the original function is needed, but after a duplication one gene carries on the original function. Therefore, a change of function in the second copy is possible without loss of fitness.

In his book, he also suggested that vertebrate genome is the result of one or more entire genome duplications. Variations of this idea have come to be known as the 2R hypothesis (also called "Ohno's hypothesis"). He indicated that mammalian X chromosomes are conserved among species: it has been referred to as Ohno's law. He also invented the term Junk DNA for segments of the DNA that have no known function.

Related pages 
Gene duplication
Polyploidy

References

Other websites 
 Biographical memoir by Ernest Beutler
 Biography by Ulrich Wolf
 Tamil work by Susumu Ohno
 Japanese-Tamil link

1928 births
2000 deaths
Evolutionary biologists
Japanese scientists
People from Seoul
Geneticists
Arjen Anthony Lucassen (born 3 April 1960) is a Dutch singer and record producer.

Career
Lucassen started his music career in 1980 as a guitarist for the band Bodine. In 1984 Lucassen left the band to play guitar for Vengeance. He left the band in 1992.

In 1994 he released his first solo album, Pools of Sorrow, Waves of Joy. He played most of the instruments on the album. The album was not successful. In 2001 an album Lucassen made with Astrid van der Veen called Fate of a Dreamer was released. In 2009 Lucassen started a new side project, Guilt Machine.

References

Other websites

1960 births
Living people
Dutch musicians
People from Hilversum
Rock guitarists
Martin Edward Elkort (April 18, 1929 – November 19, 2016) is an American photographer, illustrator and writer. He is best known for his street photography. Many of his works are held and displayed by several well known art museums in the United States.

Elkort was born in the New York City, New York borough of The Bronx. He grew up during the Great Depression. He married Edythe in 1953. He now lives in Los Angeles, California with his wife.

References

Other websites
 
 

1929 births
American illustrators
American photographers
Living people
Writers from New York City
Louis Lincoln Emmerson (December 27, 1863 – February 4, 1941) was a Republican politician. He was the Governor of Illinois. He served from 1929 to 1933. Before serving as governor, Emmerson served as Illinois Secretary of State from 1917 to 1929.

1863 births
1941 deaths
Governors of Illinois
US Republican Party politicians
Ice Age is an American animated movie series. There are currently five movies: Ice Age (2002), Ice Age: The Meltdown (2006), Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs (2009), Ice Age: Continental Drift (2012), and Ice Age: Collision Course (2016)  An animated movie that was a spin-off of the Ice Age franchise, which was titled The Ice Age Adventures of Buck Wild was released on January 28, 2022. A sixth film is in development.

References

Series of movies
Animated movies
Mass media franchises introduced in 2002
Ice Age (franchise)
Blue shift is one example of the Doppler effect. It is the opposite effect to redshift.
 
Doppler blueshift is caused by movement of a source towards the observer. The term applies to any decrease in wavelength caused by relative motion, even outside the visible spectrum. 

The wavelength of any reflected or emitted photon or other particle is shortened in the direction of travel.

Doppler blueshift is used in astronomy to determine relative motion:
 The Andromeda Galaxy is moving toward our own Milky Way galaxy within the Local Group. When observed from earth, its light shows a blueshift.
 Components of a binary star system will be blueshifted when moving towards Earth
 When observing spiral galaxies, the side spinning toward us will have a slight blueshift relative to the side spinning away from us.
 Blazars may emit relativistic (near the speed of light) jets toward us that appear blueshifted.
 Nearby stars such as Barnard's Star are moving toward us, resulting in a very small blueshift.
 Doppler blueshift of distant objects (high z) can be got from the much larger cosmological redshift. This shows relative motion in the expanding universe. 
The reason astronomers can tell how far the light gets shifted is because certain chemical elements, like the calcium in bones or the oxygen people breathe has a unique fingerprint of light that no other chemical element has. They can see what colors of light are coming from a star, and see what it is made of. Once they know that, they look at the difference between where the fingerprint (called spectral lines) is and where it is supposed to be. When they see that, they can tell how far away the star is, whether it is moving toward us or away from us, and also how fast it is going, since the faster it goes, the farther the distance the spectral lines are from where they should be.

References 

Astronomical phenomena
Light