cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
In computer science, operational transformation is a technique in building collaborative software systems.

System architecture
Collaboration systems using operational transformations typically use replicated document storage where each user has their own copy of the document. Users operate on their own local copies. Their changes are then pushed to the rest of the users. When a user receives the changes pushed from another user, they typically transform the changes before executing them.

Basics
 The idea of operational transformation is to transform (or adjust) the variables of an editing operation according to the effects of previously executed operations so that the transformed operation can achieve the correct effect and maintain document consistency.

Operational transformation can be shown by using the example of a text editing scenario. Given a text document with a string "abc" replicated at two collaborating sites; and two concurrent operations:

 O1 = Insert[0, "x"] (to insert character "x" at position "0")
 O2 = Delete[2, "c"] (to delete the character "c" at position "2")

generated by two users at sites one and two, suppose the two operations are executed in the order of O1 and O2 (at site one). After executing O1, the document becomes "xabc". To execute O2 after O1, O2 must be transformed against O1 to become: O2' = Delete[3, "c"], whose position variable is incremented by one due to the insertion of one character "x" by O1. Executing O2' on "xabc" deletes the correct character "c" and the document becomes "xab". However, if O2 is executed without transformation, it incorrectly deletes character "b" rather than "c".

Other websites
  Operational Transformation Frequently Asked Questions and Answers

Computer science
Markiyan Markiyanovych Malsky (; born 11 December 1984) is a Ukrainian politician. He is a former Governor of Lviv Oblast (from 5 July till 26 December 2019).

Education 
Malsky holds master's degree in International Economic Relations from the University of Lviv and Master of Law diplomas. He also studied at Stockholm University (Sweden) (LL.M. in international commercial arbitration, magna cum laude) and at the World Trade Institute (Bern, Switzerland) (Master of International Law and Economics, summa cum laude). In 2012, he received a PhD in Law from the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. He Obtained PhD hab. degree in Law in September 2020.

Publications

 Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Ukraine - 2007, p.259;
 Adverse inference in WTO law and other dispute settlement fora - 2008, p.260;
 Arbitration Agreement. Theoretical and Practical Aspects - 2013, p. 374;
 International enforcement process. Theory and Practice - 2019, p.470.

References

Living people
1984 births
Hadiza Isma El-Rufai (born June 21, 1960) is a Nigerian writer and wife to the current governor of Kaduna State, Mallam Nasir El-Rufai.

Education 
She holds bachelor degree in architecture and master's degree in Architecture, and an MBA from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. She also obtained a Masters in Creative Writing from Bath Spa University, United Kingdom.

References
Gilbert Guillaume (born 4 December 1930) is a French jurist. He served as Judge of the International Court of Justice be and served as its president between.

Biography 
Guillaume was born in Bois-Colombes. He is member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques.

References
There is a well established chronology of the reigns of rulers in Ancient Manipur (Ancient Kangleipak) before the reign of Emperor Nongda Lairen Pakhangba () of the Ningthouja dynasty, that is before 33 AD. According to ancient sources, Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa fought fierce battles against the Khaba-Nganba dynasty to win over the sacred city of Kangla in Ancient Manipur.

First ten rulers
There is a genealogy of ten successive foremost rulers in ancient Manipur kingdom.   

After the reigns of these ten kings, there is a great historical gap, from 1199 BC to 44 BC.

Rulers after the great historical gap

After this, the reign of Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa started from 33 AD, with the annexation of the Kangla by the Ningthouja dynasty.

Achievements and Development

Invention of Polo

The present day game polo was originally developed from the traditional Sagol Kangjei game, which was invented by King Ningthou Kangba (1405 BC- 1359 BC).

Invention of calendar

During the reign of Maliyapham Palcha (aka. Mariyafambalcha) (1359 BC- 1329 BC), the present day Meitei calendar was invented and developed in a systematic way for public usage.

Civilizational upgradations

During the reign of Poireiton, a semi-historical and semi-mythical ruler, there were much advancements in the civilization.
 The invention of the knowledge of the systematic usage of fire and fireworks. 
 The presently known Chakhao paddy plant (aromatic black rice) was first cultivated in the plains of Manipur (Kangleipak) kingdom.

References

Kings of Ancient Manipur
History of Manipur
Vadim Schneider (March 10, 1986 – September 8, 2003) was a French-Canadian actor.

1986 births
2003 deaths
Accidental deaths in Canada
Actors from Quebec
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Child actors
Road accident deaths
Stephen Douglas "Mongo" McMichael (born October 17, 1957) is a former American football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL), former professional wrestler, commentator, and head coach.

McMichael played college football for the University of Texas at Austin, and was an All-American. He played for the New England Patriots, Chicago Bears, and Green Bay Packers, winning Super Bowl XX with the Bears in January 1986. During his professional wrestling career, McMichael was known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW). 

From 2007 to 2013, McMichael was the head coach of the Chicago Slaughter. In 2013, he finished second in his campaign for mayor of Romeoville, Illinois.

In April 2021, McMichael announced that he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

References

1957 births
Living people
New England Patriots players
Chicago Bears players
Green Bay Packers players
American professional wrestlers
American sports commentators
Sportspeople from Chicago
Politicians from Chicago
Sportspeople from Houston, Texas
Politicians from Houston, Texas
American football defensive tackles
Romeoville is a village in Will County, Illinois, United States. The village is located  southwest of Chicago and is a Chicago suburb. The population was 39,746 in 2019.

References

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Lynn Ann Conway (born January 2, 1938) is an American computer scientist, electrical engineer, inventor, and transgender activist.
	
She worked at IBM in the 1960s. She is known for her invention of generalized dynamic instruction handling. She is also widely-known for the Mead & Conway revolution.

Born a male, Conway transitioned into a woman. After IBM found out about this, she was fired in 1968. In 2020, IBM apologized for firing Conway.

References

1938 births
Living people
American computer scientists
Engineers from New York
American LGBT rights activists
Transgender and transsexual people
LGBT scientists
American inventors
Scientists from New York
People from Mount Vernon, New York
LGBT people from New York
Writers from New York
American academics
LGBT writers
Educators from New York
Carver Andress Mead (born May 1, 1934) is an American scientist and engineer. He currently holds the position of Gordon and Betty Moore Professor Emeritus of Engineering and Applied Science at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). He taught there for over 40 years. He is known for his works with Lynn Conway.

References

1934 births
Living people
Engineers from California
American computer scientists
American academics
Scientists from California
Writers from California
People from Bakersfield, California
Educators from California
Ann Weldy (born September 15, 1932), better known by her pen name Ann Bannon, is an American author. She is known for writing six lesbian pulp fiction novels known as The Beebo Brinker Chronicles. The books talked about lesbian identity and she became known as the "Queen of Lesbian Pulp Fiction".

References

1932 births
Living people
American academics
American feminist writers
American LGBT rights activists
Lesbian feminists
LGBT academics
LGBT people from Illinois
LGBT writers
People from Joliet, Illinois
American linguists
Writers from Illinois
Educators from Illinois
Nikita Sergeyevich Mikhalkov (; born 21 October 1945) is a Russian filmmaker, actor, and head of the Russian Cinematographers' Union. He was nominated for the Academy Award (1993) for the movie Close to Eden. He won an Academy Award (1995) for Best Foreign Language Film and the Grand Prix of the Cannes Film Festival (1994) for the movie Burnt by the Sun.

In 1996, he was the head of the jury at the 46th Berlin International Film Festival.

References

1945 births
Living people
Russian movie actors
Russian movie directors
Russian movie producers
Russian screenwriters
Cinematographers
Actors from Moscow
Writers from Moscow
Academy Award winning directors
Black Adam is an upcoming American superhero movie based on the DC Comics character of the same name. It is produced by DC Films, New Line Cinema, Seven Bucks Productions, and FlynnPictureCo., and set for distribution by Warner Bros. Pictures. It will be directed by Jaume Collet-Serra and written by Adam Sztykiel and Rory Haines & Sohrab Noshirvani, 

The movie is a spin-off from Shazam! (2019) and the eleventh movie in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The movie stars Dwayne Johnson as Teth-Adam / Black Adam alongside Noah Centineo, Aldis Hodge, Sarah Shahi, Quintessa Swindell, and Pierce Brosnan.

Black Adam is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 29, 2022.

References

American superhero movies
DC Extended Universe movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Jaume Collet-Serra
Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (; ) is a 2011 Indian Hindi-language buddy road comedy drama movie directed by Zoya Akhtar and produced by Farhan Akhtar and Ritesh Sidhwani of Excel Entertainment. The movie features an ensemble cast consisting of Hrithik Roshan, Abhay Deol, Farhan Akhtar, Katrina Kaif, and Kalki Koechlin. It was filmed in Spain, India, Egypt, and the United Kingdom on a budget of . The music and score were composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy with lyrics by Javed Akhtar.

Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara was worldwide released in 1,800 screens on July 15, 2011. It was a critical and commercial success that grossed  and received critical acclaim for its performances, story, music, humour, and direction. After its theatrical run, the movie was nominated for and won several awards, including two National Film Awards.

Cast 

 Hrithik Roshan as Arjun Saluja
 Abhay Deol as Kabir Dewan
 Farhan Akhtar as Imran Qureshi
 Katrina Kaif as Laila
 Kalki Koechlin as Natasha Arora
 Ariadna Cabrol as Nuria
 Naseeruddin Shah as Salman Habib
 Deepti Naval as Rahila Qureshi
 Suhel Seth as Mr. Arora

References
The Flash is an upcoming American superhero movie based on the DC Comics character of the same name. It is produced by DC Films, The Disco Factory, and Double Dream, and set for distribution by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is set to be the twelfth movie in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).

Background
The movie is directed by Andy Muschietti from a screenplay by Christina Hodson. It stars Ezra Miller as Barry Allen / The Flash alongside Ben Affleck, Michael Keaton, Sasha Calle, Kiersey Clemons, Maribel Verdú, and Ron Livingston. In The Flash, Allen travels back in time to prevent his mother's murder, which causes many problems.

The movie is inspired by the comic book storyline Flashpoint, featuring multiple DC Comics characters including Affleck and Keaton as different versions of Batman.

The Flash is scheduled to be released in the United States on November 4, 2022.

Cast 
 Ezra Miller as Barry Allen / The Flash:A police forensic investigator from Central City and member of the Justice League who can move at superhuman speeds using the Speed Force.
 Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman:A wealthy socialite from Gotham City, leader of the Justice League, and owner of Wayne Enterprises who became the vigilante known as Batman following his parents' murder.
 Michael Keaton as Bruce Wayne / Batman:An older version of Wayne from an alternative universe. Keaton reprises his role from Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992).
 Sasha Calle as Supergirl: A powerful Kryptonian with similar powers, abilities, and costume to Superman.
 Kiersey Clemons as Iris West: A journalist for the Picture News and love interest of Barry Allen.
 Michael Shannon as General Zod: A Kryptonian general who possesses the same powers as Superman, and was previously killed by the latter. Shannon reprises his role from Man of Steel.
 Antje Traue as Faora-Ul: General Zod's sub-commander, who was sent to the Phantom Zone years prior. Traue reprises her role from Man of Steel.
 Maribel Verdú as Nora Allen: Barry's mother who was murdered in his youth. Her husband Henry was blamed for her death.
 Ron Livingston as Henry Allen: Barry's father, who was wrongfully convicted for the murder of his wife. Livingston replaces Billy Crudup, who played the character in other DCEU movies.

Additionally, Saoirse-Monica Jackson and Rudy Mancuso have been cast in undisclosed roles. Temuera Morrison, who plays Aquaman's father Thomas Curry will also appear in the movie.

References

2022 movies
American superhero movies
DC Extended Universe movies
Warner Bros. movies
Farhan Akhtar (born 9 January 1974) is an Indian actor, director, screenwriter, playback singer, producer, and television host who works in Hindi films. Born in Mumbai to screenwriters Javed Akhtar and Honey Irani, he grew up under the influence of the Hindi film industry. He began his career in Bollywood by working as an assistant director in Lamhe (1991) and Himalay Putra (1997).

Akhtar directed his first film, Dil Chahta Hai (2001) and received critical acclaim for portraying modern youth in the film, which won the National Award for Best Hindi Film the next year. Following this success, he directed the cult war film Lakshya (2004) and had his Hollywood debut through the soundtrack of Bride and Prejudice (2004), for which he and sister Zoya Akhtar served as lyricists. Next came the commercial successful Don (2006), his third directorial venture, post which he directed a short film titled Positive (2007) to spread awareness on HIV-AIDS.

Although he initially started his acting career with a delayed release in the Anand Surapur-directed drama The Fakir of Venice, Akhtar made his official screen debut with Rock On!! (2008) for which he won a second National Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi as producer, and indulged in further experimentation with Zoya's directorial debut Luck By Chance (2009) and the Vijay Lalwani-directed Karthik Calling Karthik (2010), before he wrote the dialogues and served as producer for the critical and commercial success Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (2011) starring him in a leading role, which won him 4 Filmfare Awards, including Best Supporting Actor. The same year, after directing a sequel to Don titled Don 2 (2011), which remains his highest-grossing film till date, he achieved further success by portraying Milkha Singh in the 2013 film Bhaag Milkha Bhaag, earning him the Filmfare Award for Best Actor. Later, he received praise for starring in Zoya's ensemble comedy-drama Dil Dhadakne Do (2015) and Bejoy Nambiar's crime thriller Wazir (2016).

References
Don, also known as Don: The Chase Begins Again, is a 2006 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Farhan Akhtar. The film was produced by Ritesh Sidhwani and Akhtar's production company Excel Entertainment. The film stars Shah Rukh Khan and Priyanka Chopra, with Arjun Rampal, Kareena Kapoor, Boman Irani, Isha Koppikar, and Om Puri appearing in supporting roles. Don is a remake of the 1978 film of the same name starring Amitabh Bachchan. The soundtrack was composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, with lyrics by Javed Akhtar.

The film was released on 20 October 2006, during the Diwali festive season, on the same day as Jaan-E-Mann starring Salman Khan, Akshay Kumar and Preity Zinta. It was generally well received by critics, with praise for Khan and Chopra's performances, the action sequences, music, production design, and cinematography. A major commercial success, Don grossed over 1.06 billion at the box-office against a production and marketing budget of 400 million and was the fifth highest-grossing Indian film of 2006. The film also received nine nominations at the 52nd Filmfare Awards, including Best Film and Best Actor for Shahrukh Khan. A sequel entitled Don 2 was released on 23 December 2011.

Cast 
 Shah Rukh Khan as Don / Vijay (Double Role)
 Priyanka Chopra as Roma
 Kareena Kapoor as Kamini
 Isha Koppikar as Anita
 Arjun Rampal as Jasjeet Ahuja
 Boman Irani as Deputy Commissioner of Police De Silva, alias Vardhaan
 Om Puri as Inspector Vishal Malik
 Pavan Malhotra as Narang
 Rajesh Khattar as Singhania
 Tanay Chheda as Deepu Ahuja
 Satyajit Sharma as Mystery man
 Chunky Pandey as T.J.
 Sushma Reddy as Geeta Ahuja, Jasjeet's wife
 Diwakar Pundir as constable Shinde

References

2006 movies
Hindi-language movies
Indian movies
Don 2 (also known as Don: The King Is Back) is a 2011 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film written, co-produced and directed by Farhan Akhtar. It is the second installment in the Don series. Jointly produced by Excel Entertainment and Red Chillies Entertainment, the film stars Shah Rukh Khan, Priyanka Chopra, Lara Dutta, Om Puri, Boman Irani and Kunal Kapoor. This film is a sequel to the 2006 film Don (2006). The film's music was composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy, while Javed Akhtar wrote the lyrics. Jason West served as the film's cinematographer and Ritesh Soni was its editor.

Don 2 was released on 23 December 2011. The film had a mixed to positive reception from critics, receiving praise for the cast's performance, cinematography, production design, and action sequences. However, its pace and music received criticism. With a box office gross of over , Don 2 was a big box office success. At the time of its release, the film was one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time and is the highest-grossing Indian film of 2011. The film received a number of accolades across various ceremonies in India. The film received five nominations at the 57th Filmfare Awards, including Best Film, Best Director for Akhtar and Best Actor for Khan, winning Best Sound Design and Best Action.

Cast 
 Shah Rukh Khan as Don
 Priyanka Chopra as Roma Bhagat, an Interpol Officer
 Boman Irani as Vardhaan
 Lara Dutta as Ayesha Pradhan
 Kunal Kapoor as Sameer "Sam" Ali
 Om Puri as Vishal Malik, Head of the Malaysian Interpol
 Alyy Khan as J.K. Dewan, Vice-President of the Deutsch Zentral Bank (DZB)
 Nawab Shah as Abdul Jabbar
 Sahil Shroff as Arjun Shergill
 Rajesh Khattar as Singhania
 Hrithik Roshan in a cameo appearance (as Don in disguise)

References
Supergirl is the name of several fictional superheroine characters appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The original and most well known Supergirl is Kara Zor-El, also known as the cousin of the superhero Superman. 

The character made her first appearance in Action Comics #252 (May 1959) and was created by Otto Binder and Al Plastino. More Supergirl comic books were made in 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth.

In 2015, the live action Arrowverse series Supergirl debuted on CBS and then moved to The CW after the first season and is played by Melissa Benoist. Sasha Calle will appear as Supergirl in the upcoming DC Extended Universe movie The Flash (2022).

References

DC Comics superheroes
Dil Dhadakne Do () is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language comedy-drama movie directed by Zoya Akhtar, and produced by Ritesh Sidhwani and Farhan Akhtar. The movie features an ensemble cast of Anil Kapoor, Shefali Shah, Priyanka Chopra, Ranveer Singh, Anushka Sharma and Farhan Akhtar, with a voice-over performance by Aamir Khan as the family dog Pluto, the narrator of the movie. The supporting cast also includes Rahul Bose, Zarina Wahab, Vikrant Massey, Pawan Chopra, Parmeet Sethi, Dolly Mattdo and Manoj Pahwa. The soundtrack was composed by the trio Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy, with lyrics by Javed Akhtar. The movie was released worldwide on 5 June 2015 to positive reviews from critics, who praised the performances of Kapoor, Shah, Chopra and Singh, who portrayed the members of the Mehra family, as well as Akhtar's direction, cinematography and costumes. The movie grossed 1.45 billion at the box office against a production and marketing budget of 850 million, and earned a number of accolades. It received five Filmfare nominations, winning Best Supporting Actor for Kapoor. Dil Dhadakne Do also received nine nominations at the 2016 Screen Awards, including Best Film, and won two, Best Supporting Actor for Kapoor and Best Ensemble Cast.

Cast 
 Anil Kapoor as Kamal Mehra
 Shefali Shah as Neelam Mehra
 Priyanka Chopra as Ayesha Mehra
 Ranveer Singh as Kabir Mehra
 Anushka Sharma as Farah Ali
 Farhan Akhtar as Sunny Gill
 Aamir Khan in a voice-over as Pluto Mehra
 Rahul Bose as Manav Sangha
 Zarina Wahab as Smita Sangha
 Vikrant Massey as Rana Khanna
 Ridhima Sood as Noorie Sood
 Pawan Chopra as Prem Mehra
 Ayesha Raza Mishra as Indu Mehra
 Parmeet Sethi as Lalit Sood
 Dolly Minhas as Naina Sood
 Manoj Pahwa as Vinod Khanna
 Preeti Mamgain as Vandana Khanna
 Shireesh Sharma as Jamaal Hashmi
 Divya Seth as Saira Hashmi
 Ikhlaque Khan as Amrish Gill
 Vandana Sajnani as Anju Chopra
 Sarah Hashmi as Divya Mehra
 Khushi Dubey as Putlu Mehra

References
Sasha Calle (; born August 7, 1995) is an American actress. She is known for her work in the soap opera The Young and the Restless as chef Lola Rosales. She will play the superheroine Supergirl in the DC Extended Universe media franchise, starting in The Flash (2022).

Calle was born in Boston, Massachusetts.  She is of Colombian descent.

References

Other websites

Living people
1995 births
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
American television actors
American movie actors
María Isabel Verdú Rollán (born 2 October 1970) (), is a Spanish actress. She played Luisa in Alfonso Cuarón's 2001 movie, Y tu mamá también and Mercedes in Guillermo del Toro's 2006 movie, Pan's Labyrinth.

In March 2021, she was cast as Barry Allen/The Flash's mother Nora Allen on the upcoming DC Extended Universe movie The Flash (2022).

References

1970 births
Living people
Spanish movie actors
Spanish television actors
Spanish voice actors
Spanish stage actors
Actors from Madrid
Daniel Maldini (born 11 October 2001) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Serie A club Milan.

Early life 
Maldini was born in Milan, the second son of then A.C. Milan captain Paolo Maldini and Adriana Fossa, a model from Venezuela. His grandfather Cesare also captained Milan in the 1960s, making him the third generation to make appearances for the club. His elder brother Christian played for Milan's youth teams and went on to play professionally at a lower level.

Daniel then joined Milan's youth system in 2010.

References 

Italian footballers
2001 births
A.C. Milan players
Association football midfielders
Living people
Sportspeople from Milan
Godot is a free and open source game engine. It can be used to make simple 2D games. It can also be used to make 3D games, but not very efficiently compared to other game engines. It is released under the MIT license. It currently uses OpenGL as its only renderer, but Vulkan support is planned to be added soon.

References

Video game technology
The executioner tree frog, executioner clown frog or hangman swamp frog (Dendropsophus carnifex) is a frog that lives in the Andes Mountains in Ecuador.  Scientists have seen it between 1250 and 2500 meters above sea level. Scientists think it might also live in Colombia.

The adult male frog is 2.5 to 2.8 cm long from nose to rear end, and the adult female frog is 2.9 to 3.3 cm long.  This frog is pale in color, light brown to bronze, with darker marks on its skin.

It is called the "executioner tree frog" because scientist John D. Lynch found many of the sample frogs.  In English, "lynch" means to kill someone by hanging them by the neck.

References

Frogs
Animals of South America
Mujhse Shaadi Karogi () is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy movie directed by David Dhawan and produced by Sajid Nadiadwala. The movie stars Salman Khan, Akshay Kumar and Priyanka Chopra in the lead roles. The supporting cast includes Amrish Puri, Kader Khan, Satish Shah and Rajpal Yadav.

Mujhse Shaadi Karogi was released on July 30, 2004 to positive reviews, receiving praise for its direction, performances, music, cinematography, art direction, costumes and styling. With a box-office gross of  565 million, the movie was a commercial success, becoming the third-highest-grossing Indian film of the year. Mujhse Shaadi Karogi was nominated for three Filmfare Awards. The film received thirteen nominations at the 2005 IIFA Awards, including Best Film, Best Director (Dhawan), Best Actor (Khan) and Best Actress (Chopra), winning five awards. It received ten Screen Awards nominations, including Best Film.

Cast 
 Salman Khan as Sameer Malhotra
 Akshay Kumar as Shani "Sunny" / Arun Khanna
 Priyanka Chopra as Rani Singh
 Amrish Puri as Colonel Jugraj Singh
 Kader Khan as Mr. Duggal
 Satish Shah as Suraj Prakash
 Rajpal Yadav as Raj Purohit Jyotshi and Paul
 Amrita Arora as Roma
 Vindu Dara Singh as a gang member
 Supriya Karnik as Rama Jugraj Singh, the colonel's wife and Rani's mother
 Shashikala as Grandma Malhotra
 Upasana Singh as Mrs. Suraj Prakash
 Parth Dave as young Sameer
 Shefali Jariwala as Bijili
 Sajid Khan as himself
 Kurush Deboo as a dog-seller
 Rajesh Vivek as Chutki Baba

Cricketers made cameo appearances as themselves:
 Irfan Pathan
 Javagal Srinath
 Ashish Nehra
 Harbhajan Singh
 Parthiv Patel
 Kapil Dev
 Mohammad Kaif
 Navjot Singh Sidhu

References
Amrish Lal Puri (22 June 1932 – 12 January 2005) was an Indian actor, who was an important figure in Indian theatre and cinema. He is remembered for playing iconic villainous roles in Hindi cinema as well as other Indian and international film industries. To Indian audiences he is the most remembered for his role as Mogambo in Shekhar Kapur's Hindi film Mr. India (1987), and to Western audiences, he is best known as Mola Ram in Steven Spielberg's Hollywood film Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984). He is also notable for films such as Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, Mohabbatein, Pardes, Gadar: Ek Prem Katha, and Mujhse Shaadi Karogi.

He predominantly appears on Hindi language films, but he had also appeared in Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, and Marathi language films. Puri won three Filmfare Awards for Best Supporting Actor.

He died on January 12, 2005, at the age of 72, due to myelodysplastic syndrome, after suffering from it for two weeks.

References

Indian actors
Kalinga was a kingdom in what is now the country of India. It included a large part of Odisha, northern Andhra Pradesh and a small part of Chhattisgarh. It was an independent kingdom.

Kalinga fought against the Maurya Empire in 261 BC. The Maurya Empire was led by Ashoka. The effects of the war were described by Ashoka in Major Rock Edict 13. About 150,000 people were killed during this war.

Kalinga was an important port for trade because it was easy to reach Southeast Asia from there. Kalinga again became an independent state after the death of Ashoka. In Sangam literature, it is mentioned that Kharvela of Kalinga tried to invade north India against Pushyamitra, the founder of the Sunga Dynasty, but there is no clear evidence of that. The Sunga Dynasty was founded just after the Mauryan.

History of India
Tan Chuan-Jin (; born 10 January 1969) is a Singaporean politician. He is the current Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore since 11 September 2017.

References

1969 births
Living people
Singaporean politicians
The speaker of the Parliament of Singapore is the presiding officer of the Parliament of the Republic of Singapore. The current Chief Justice is Tan Chuan-Jin.

Government of Singapore
Singaporean politicians
The Parliament of Singapore is the national unicameral legislature of Singapore.

Government of Singapore
Parliaments
The self-governance of Singapore happened in several stages. Since 1819 up to 1959, Singapore had been under the colonial rule of the United Kingdom. The first local elections on a limited scale for several positions in the government of Singapore started in 1948 following a change to the Constitution of Singapore.

This was further changed with the Rendel Constitution, strengthening local representation. Singapore was granted full internal self-government in 1959, but the colonial administration still controlled external relations and shared control of several key internal policies such as internal security.

In 1963, Singapore joined Malaysia, ending colonial rule and becoming an autonomous state within the country. After a fallout in the relations between the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and the People's Action Party (PAP), the ruling parties of the Federation and Singapore at the time, full independence came about with Malaysia forcing Singapore to leave in 1965.

References

History of Singapore
The Malaysia Agreement or the Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore was the agreement which combined what is today Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore with the existing states of the Federation of Malaya, now known as Malaysia. Singapore was later expelled from Malaysia, becoming its own country 9 August 1965.

References

History of Malaysia
Treaties
In natural science and signal processing, an artifact or artefact is any error in the perception or the way any information is represented or introduced by the equipment or technique(s).

Computer science
In computer science, digital artifacts are abnormalities introduced into digital signals because of digital signal processing.

Microscopy
In microscopy, visual artifacts are sometimes introduced when processing samples into slide form.

Remote sensing

Medical imaging
In medical imaging, artifacts are wrong representations of structure of tissues. They are made by imaging techniques such as ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These artifacts may be caused because of the energy-tissue interaction between ultrasound and air. Physicians usually learn to recognize some of these artifacts to avoid mistaking them for actual pathology.

Radar
Radar echoes from something causes ghost images to appear. All those echoes must be filtered in order to get the where the object is, how fast it is going and the type of object it is. It may include aircraft, and weather.

References 

Medical imaging
Optics
François de Bourbon (or Francis of Bourbon), Duke of Châtellerault (1492 – 13 September 1515) was a French prince from the House of Bourbon-Montpensier, a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon (itself a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty). He was the brother of Louis II, Count of Montpensier, Charles III, Duke of Bourbon (also known as The Constable of Bourbon), Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier, and Renée of Bourbon (who became Duchess of Lorraine on 26 June 1515, less than three months before François's death).

Life

François de Bourbon was the third and youngest son of Gilbert de Bourbon, the Count of Montpensier, and his noble Italian wife Clara Gonzaga, with both of François's parents dying before he even became a teenager. François fought loyally under the command of his elder brother Charles in Guyenne and Navarre and was rewarded for his services by Francis I of France with the Duchy of Châtellerault in February 1514. François de Bourbon was killed in action on 13 September 1515 at the Battle of Marignano (in what is now the northern Italian city of Melegnano, in Lombardy) against the Swiss during the Italian Wars. After François's death, the Duchy of Châtellerault passed onto François's elder brother Charles, who was already Duke of Bourbon. After Charles's death in 1527 during the Sack of Rome, French King Francis I's mother Louise of Savoy inherited the Duchy of Châtellerault, with it becoming a part of the French royal domain after Louise's death in 1531. Later on, the Duchy of Châtellerault was given to Charles II de Valois, Duke of Orléans, the third and youngest son of Francis I of France.

François de Bourbon never married but was rumored to have had an illegitimate daughter named Isabelle de Bourbon (who allegedly married a Spaniard named Laurent Suarez, the Count of Corunna), but this was never actually proven.

References

1492 births
1515 deaths
House of Bourbon
House of Bourbon-Montpensier
House of Capet
Capetian dynasty
French royalty
French nobility
16th-century people
Dukes of Châtellerault
Military leaders of the Italian Wars
Military personnel killed in action
The Man Who Would Be King is a 1975 British American adventure movie directed by John Huston and was based on the 1888 novella of the same name by Rudyard Kipling. It stars Sean Connery, Michael Caine, Christopher Plummer, Saeed Jaffrey, Shakira Caine, Jack May and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1976.

Other websites
 
 
 

1975 movies
1970s adventure movies
British adventure movies
American adventure movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Afghanistan
Movies directed by John Huston
Five Nights at Candy's is a free-to-play indie game fanmade by Emil Macko. Five Nights at Freddy's was the original inspiration to making different kinds of fangames such as Five Nights at Candy's. The Five Nights at Candy's also has a series that is up to 3. The Five Nights at Candy's 4 is so far still trying to be created. (As of May 2021)
Games
The European Institute for International Law and International Relations (EIIR) in French (L'Institut Européen pour le Droit International et les Relations Internationales) is a European Think Tank based in Brussels, Paris and Geneva, it's an independent policy institute and N.P. organisation based in Paris, France and Brussels, Belgium, represents a center dedicated to studies and research on international law, international relations, strategic topics and social life. The EIIR is a laboratory for strategic studies to combine both legal and strategic studies in the same frame. The institute provides a forum in Europe, annually hosting events, debates, and negotiations.

Overview 
The European Institute for International Law and International Relations (EIIR) is an independent, international not-for-profit think tank dedicated to managing risk and building resilience to promote peace, security, and sustainable development.

The European Institute for International Law and International Relations was founded in 2009 by Mahmoud Refaat in Paris and since 2013 in Brussels and Geneva as a think tank and policy institute. The Institute is administrated by members of boards consisted of ex-politicians, ambassador and professors of political science, international law, international relations, economy, etc.

The main focuses of the EIIR are international law, international relations, human rights, international security, international conflict and military balance

Scope of work 
The European Institute for International Law and International Relations (EIIR) is dedicated to manage risk and building resilience to promote peace, security, and sustainable development. 
through a mix of policy research, strategic analysis, publishing, and convening. With staff from more than twenty countries and a broad range of academic fields, EIIR has offices facing European Union headquarters in Brussels and offices in Paris and Geneva.

The European Institute for International Law and International Relations achieves physical activities in areas of conflict in different parts of the world to put an end to civil conflicts, war and to sue war criminals in front of international justice. 
In recent years the work of the institute has been focused on peace and developments in the Middle East and North Africa region, the development of an EU-Foreign and Security Policy, International Security, also – on a smaller range – on specific topics in Latin America and Africa.

Practice areas 

 International relations
 International law
 Human rights
 International security
 International conflict
 Military

Offices 

  Brussels
  Paris
  Geneva

References

Other websites 
 

International relations
2008 establishments in Europe
On April 20, 2021, Ma'khia Bryant, a 16-year-old African American girl, was fatally shot by a police officer. Bryant had been trying to stab another person in Columbus, Ohio. The officers tried to stop Bryant from doing so. Bryant was transported to a local hospital. She was pronounced dead half an hour later. The incident is still under investigation.

The police were wearing body cameras, and the cameras recorded the shooting.

References

2021 in the United States
2021 deaths
April 2021 events
2004 births
2021 crimes
Central is a suburb of Baton Rouge, located in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, United States.

Cities in Louisiana
Bob the Builder: Can We Fix It? is a game that was released in 2001 for PlayStation and PC. It was based on the CBeebies animated television series of the same name.

Characters 

 Bob
 Scoop
 Muck
 Dizzy
 Roley
 Lofty
 Wendy
 Spud
 Travis
 Mrs. Potts
 Pilchard

Games 

 Knock it Down
 Build it up
 Cake-tastic
 Wild West Wendy
 Bubble Trouble
 Scary Spud
 Tunnel time
 Help the Hedgehogs (PC Only)
 Radiator Riddle
 Fix the Leaks
 Travis Race Day (Race with Scoop or Dizzy)
 Where's Pilchard

Voice Cast

United Kingdom 

 Neil Morrissey as Bob, Roley & Lofty
 Kate Harbour as Wendy, Dizzy, Mrs. Potts & Pilchard
 Rob Rackstraw as Scoop, Muck, Travis & Spud

North America 

 William Dufris as Bob
 Lorelei King as Wendy & Mrs. Potts
 Alan Marriott as Scoop, Travis & Spud
 Lachele Carl as Muck
 Maria Darling as Dizzy & Roley
 Sonya Leite as Lofty

Other websites 
 https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/ps/580026-bob-the-builder-can-we-fix-it
 https://www.retrogames.cc/psx-games/bob-the-builder-can-we-fix-it.html
 http://www.ps1fun.com/bob-the-builder-can-we-fix-it
 https://cdromance.com/psx-iso/bob-the-builder-can-we-fix-it-usa/

PlayStation games
Action video games
2001 video games
Follonica is a town in Tuscany. It has about 20,000 people.

Towns in Tuscany
Capalbio is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
The Corn Harvesters (also known as Le Spannocchiatrici) is a 19th-century late impressionist painted in oil by Giambattista Pittoni. It was painted about 1887, in Milano, Italy. Is in the collection of the Galleria d'Arte Moderna, Milan.

Exhibition 
 Francesco Filippini Protagonista del Naturalismo, Museo di Santa Giulia, Brescia, 1999-2000

Bibliography 
 Francesco Filippini, un protagonista del Naturalismo, Ed. Skira, 1999, Cover

References

Other websites
 Galleria d'Arte Moderna «Sei stanze, una storia ottocentesca», gam-milano.com

Paintings by Francesco Filippini
Castel del Piano is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
The Scutching of the canapa (also known as Le stigliatura della Canapa) is a 19th-century late-impressionist oil painting by Giambattista Pittoni, made in  1887, in Milano, Italy, exhibited at the Pinacoteca di Brera.

The Scutching of the canapa di Filippini won the art prize Premio Mylius in 1889.

Bibliography 
 Francesco Filippini, un protagonista del Naturalismo, Ed. Skira, 1999, Cover

References

Other websites
  Francesco Filippini «La Strigliatura della Canapa», Pinacoteca di Brera, Milano, Numero di inventario n°: 03 00180551, ente schedatore S27, beni-culturali.eu

Paintings by Francesco Filippini
The Trip hammer  (also known as Il Maglio) is a 19th-century late impressionist oil painting by Francesco Filippini. It was made around 1889, in Milano, Italy, exhibited in the collection of Pinacoteca di Brera.

Description 
The painting represents some farmers intent on carding hemp.

Related pages 
Francesco Filippini

Bibliography 
 Francesco Filippini, un protagonista del Naturalismo, Ed. Skira, 1999, Cover
 Pinacoteca Brera, 1993, v. VIa, pp. 265–266, n. 292

References

Other websites
  Francesco Filippini «Il Maglio», Pinacoteca di Brera, Milano, Numero di inventario n°: 03 00180550, ente schedatore S27, beni-culturali.eu

Paintings by Francesco Filippini
Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin (, ) is a 1994 Russian Czech British French Italian World War II comedy drama movie directed by Jiří Menzel and was based on the 1969 and 1979 novel of the same name by Vladimir Voinovich. It stars Gennady Nazarov, Zoya Buryak, Vladimir Ilyin, Aleksei Zharkov, Valeri Zolotukhin, Zinovy Gerdt, Sergei Garmash, Marián Labuda.

Other websites

1994 comedy-drama movies
1990s war movies
Russian movies
Czech movies
British war movies
British comedy-drama movies
French comedy movies
French drama movies
Italian comedy movies
Italian drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Jiří Menzel
Johnny Destiny, Space Ranger or Space Black Knight in Korean, Captain of Cosmos in Hong Kong release, is a 1979/1983 South Korean-American science fiction-action adventure animated film directed by Jong Hui-Park and George Vieira produced by Geumyong Film Production and United World Films in United States, the film was released in December 22, 1979 and direct-to video released in August 15, 1983. it plagiarism the characters was Char Aznable, the green skinned Dozle.

Plot
Set in 2021, an outer space, when forces by Johnny Destiny fights an army of evil Queen to destroy the world.

Voices 
Park Youngnam/Mark Beraru - Johnny Destiny
Ilene Latter - Jane
Steve Brodie - Cappy
Mickie McGowan - Green Queen of Utopia
Gary Laine - Master
Robert Christopher - Duncan
Paul Smith - Doc
Additional voices: Frank Rada, George Vieira, Joey D. Vieira, John Blaze, George V. Davis, Anna Felice, John Koresko, Sarah Lawrence, Bob Sheckler, Robert Sheckler, Mark Slate, John Stone.

References 

1979 movies
1983 movies
American action movies
American science fiction movies
South Korean movies
Vrahovice () is a village in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It is part of the municipality of Prostějov. In 2001, 3,402 people lived there.

The village was first mentioned in 1337.

Villages in the Czech Republic
Veronica se întoarce (Veronica Returns) is a 1973 Romanian fantasy musical movie directed by Elisabeta Bostan and is the sequel to the 1972 movie Veronica. It stars Lulu Mihaescu, Margareta Pîslaru, Dem Radulescu, Angela Moldovan.

Other websites
 

1973 movies
1970s fantasy movies
1970s musical movies
Romanian movies
Sequel movies
Movies directed by Elisabeta Bostan
The San Carlos tree frog or San Carlos dwarf tree frog (Dendropsophus phelobodes) is a frog that lives in Nicaragua, Panama, and Colombia.  Scientists have seen it below 700 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog can be as large as 2.36 cm from nose to rear end and the adult female frog can be 2.82 cm.  This frog's head is as wide as its body is.  This frog is yellow to light brown in color with darker brown marks.  Some have narrow white stripes.  This frog eats insects, spiders, and other animals without spines.

This frog can lay eggs at any time of year, but it lays eggs mostly when the weather turns rainy.  The male frog sits 1 to 2 meters off the ground on a plant and sings for the females.  They do this near temporary bodies of water, for example flooded fields.  They do this most on the third day after a big rain.  The eggs float on the water or stick to plants.

The scientific name phlebodes comes from the Greek word "phlebos" for "vein," from the colored markings on the frog's back.

References

Frogs
Animals of South America
Castell'Azzara is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Castiglione della Pescaia is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Cinigiano is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Civitella Paganico is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Gavorrano is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Magliano in Toscana is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Manciano is an Italian town in Tuscany. It has about 7,300 people.

Towns in Tuscany
Massa Marittima is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Towns in Tuscany
Monte Argentario is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Monterotondo Marittimo is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Montieri is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Pitigliano is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Towns in Tuscany
Roccalbegna is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Roccastrada is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Santa Fiora is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Scansano is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Seggiano is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Semproniano is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Sorano is a comune in the Province of Grosseto in the  Italian region of Tuscany.

Settlements in Tuscany
Laterina Pergine Valdarno is a comune in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany.

It was created on 1 January 2018 from the former municipalities of Laterina and Pergine Valdarno.

2010s establishments in Italy
2018 establishments in Europe
Settlements in Tuscany
Laterina was a comune in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany. On 1 January 2018, the former municipalities of Laterina and Pergine Valdarno merged to form the new municipality of Laterina Pergine Valdarno.

Former municipalities of Tuscany
Pergine Valdarno was a comune in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany. On 1 January 2018, the former municipalities of Laterina and Pergine Valdarno merged to form the new municipality of Laterina Pergine Valdarno.

Former municipalities of Tuscany
Castelfranco di Sopra was a comune in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany. On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Castelfranco di Sopra and Pian di Scò merged to form the new municipality of Castelfranco Piandiscò.

Former municipalities of Tuscany
San Giovanni Valdarno is an Italian town in Tuscany. San Giovanni Valdarno is in the Province of Arezzo. It is in the valley of the Arno River and has about 17,000 inhabitants.

Towns in Tuscany
Dommartin can mean:

Switzerland 
 Dommartin, Switzerland

France 
Dommartin is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:
 Dommartin, Ain, in the Ain department
 Dommartin, Nièvre, in the Nièvre department
 Dommartin, Doubs, in the Doubs department
 Dommartin, Somme, in the Somme department
 Dommartin, Rhône, in the Rhône department
 Dommartin-aux-Bois, in the Vosges department
 Dommartin-Dampierre, in the Marne department
 Dommartin-la-Chaussée, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
 Dommartin-la-Montagne, in the Meuse department
 Dommartin-le-Coq, in the Aube department
 Dommartin-le-Franc, in the Haute-Marne department
 Dommartin-le-Saint-Père, in the Haute-Marne department
 Dommartin-lès-Cuiseaux, in the Saône-et-Loire department
 Dommartin-lès-Remiremont, in the Vosges department
 Dommartin-lès-Toul, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
 Dommartin-lès-Vallois, in the Vosges department
 Dommartin-Lettrée, in the Marne department
 Dommartin-sous-Amance, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
 Dommartin-sous-Hans, in the Marne department
 Dommartin-sur-Vraine, in the Vosges department
 Dommartin-Varimont, in the Marne department