cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Deep Ng (吳浩康; born 吳偉男 on 13 June 1983) is a Hong Kong singer and actor of the Emperor Entertainment Group.

He was fined 5,000 USD because of keeping cocaine (an illegal drug). 

He was charged of beating Chim Chi Kin at the Boozeroo Pub in Tsim Sha Tsui on 11 July 2005. On November 21, 2005, the court ruled that he did not committed the crime, because what the victim said seemed not to match his own words.

Deep also acted in movies like New Police Story. He is also famous for his number 1 hit song, Select the Breakup Day (擇日失戀). A new album, Nowhere (pronounced as Now-here), was sold in public in September 2005. This album was seen as a comeback for Deep after a number of bad news.  He also had another new album, Documentary, in 2006.

His albums
Deep EP (2003)
Deep In The Music EP (2004)
Deep: Inside (2005)
903 California Red: Eleven Fires Concert - Deep Ng (2005)
Nowhere (2005)
Documentary (2006)
3.D New Songs + Greatest Hits (2007)

Other websites  
Deep's Official Site  
Deep Ng Interview
Deep Ng's Lyrics and Midi

Actors from Hong Kong
Singers from Hong Kong
1983 births
Living people
Ultrasound is a type of sound with a frequency higher than humans can hear. This frequency, the upper limit of human hearing, is approximately 20,000 hertz (20 kilohertz).

Hearing ultrasound 
Some animals, such as dogs, dolphins, bats, and mice, are able to hear sounds which have a frequency higher than upper-limit of the human ear. This makes them able to hear ultrasounds. Children can hear some high-pitched sounds that older adults cannot hear, as in humans the upper limit pitch of hearing gets lower as a person gets older. This frequency limit is caused by the middle ear that acts as a low-pass filter. If ultrasound is fed directly into the skull bone and reaches the cochlea without passing through the middle ear, much higher frequencies (up to about 200 kHz) can be heard. This effect (sometimes called ultrasonic hearing) was first discovered by divers exposed to a high-frequency (ca. 50 kHz) sonar signal.

Medical ultrasonography is commonly used during pregnancy. Ultrasound is generally thought of as a "safe test" because it does not use destructive ionizing radiation like x-rays.

Ultrasonic cleaning 
Ultrasonic cleaners are sometimes mistakenly called supersonic cleaners. They are used at frequencies from 20-40 kHz for jewellery, lenses and other optical parts, watches, dental instruments, surgical instruments and industrial parts. An ultrasonic cleaner works by the energy released from the collapse of millions of tiny (microscopic) bubbles near the dirty surface. The bubbles are formed by cavitation and collapse, forming small jets directed at the surface.

Medical procedures
sound

Hearing
Events

Europe 
 July 2 – Kings Otakar II of Bohemia and Stephen V of Hungary sign the first Peace of Pressburg, settling territorial claims following the failed invasion of Hungary by Otakar II.
 September 1 – Pope Gregory X succeeds Pope Clement IV as the 184th popeas the compromise candidate between French and Italian cardinals, ending a three-year conclave, the longest ever.
 The County of Toulouse is returned to the crown of France.
 Marco Polo departs from Venice with his father and uncle on his famous journey to Kublai Khan's China.
 The construction of Caerphilly Castle, the largest in Wales, is completed.
 Construction of the Belaya Vezha in Belarus is begun.

North Africa and the Middle East 

 April 8 – Mamluk sultan Baibars continues his territorial expansion, capturing the strategically important castle Krak des Chevaliers from the Knights Hospitaller in present-day Syria.
 Mamluk sultan Baibars conducts an unsuccessful siege of the city of Tripoli, and also fails in an attempted naval invasion of Cyprus.
 Edward I of England and Charles of Anjou arrive in Acre, starting the Ninth Crusade against Baibars; however, they are unable to capture any territory and a peace is quickly negotiated.

Asia 
 September 12 – According to the followers of Nichiren Buddhism, the sect's founder, Nichiren, reaches a turning point known as hosshaku kempon as he discards his identity as a mortal priest and begins to reveal himself as a reincarnation of the Buddha.
 December 18 – Kublai Khan renames his empire "Yuan" (元 yuán), officially marking the start of the Yuan Dynasty of China.
 The Nakhi kingdom of the northern Himalayan foothills is annexed by the Yuan Dynasty.

Births 
 May 25 – Shah Jalal of Bengal (d. 1346)
 May – Joan of Acre, daughter of King Edward I of England (d. 1307)

1271
Events 
 March War of Independence of Western Xia occurred.
 June 17 – Harthacanute lands at Sandwich and reclaims the English Throne.
 August 15 – King Duncan I is killed in battle against his first cousin and rival Macbeth. The latter succeeds him as Scottish Monarch.
 The oldest brewery still active is founded at Weihenstephan.
 Seljuk Turks defeat the Ghaznavids at the Battle of Dandanaqan.

Births 
 February 22 – Rashi, French rabbi and commentator (d. 1105)
 June 27 – King Ladislaus I of Hungary (d. 1095)

Deaths 
 March 17 – Harold Harefoot, King of England
 August 15 – King Duncan I of Scotland (b. 1001)
 October 1 – Alan III, Duke of Brittany (poisoned) (b. 997)

Related pages 
 For the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) form, see Form 1040.
The Green Bay Packers are an American football team in Green Bay, Wisconsin. They play in the National Football League. Their stadium is Lambeau Field.  Their quarterback is Aaron Rodgers.  The Packer's uniforms are a green or white jersey with yellow pants.   

The Packers hold the record for the most NFL league championships. They have won 13 championships, including four Super Bowls, out of the 5 they've been too.  The team is called the Packers because their original owner was a meat-packing company. Today, it is the only fan-owned team in the country's four major professional leagues. It is owned by a community-based group with more than 100,000 shareholders. Each shareholder is limited to holding 200 shares (out of about 5 million issued). The Packers are also the only team in the major professional leagues to release their balance sheet every year. This year, their current head coach is Matt LaFleur.

References

 
1923 establishments in the United States
1920s establishments in Wisconsin
An ice age is a period when for a long time the temperature of Earth's climate is very low. This leads to an expansion of the continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers.

Ice age is a term used in palaeoclimatology for the period of extensive ice sheets in the recent Pleistocene period. We now know that ice ages have happened a number of times in the past, the greatest and longest of which took place in the Proterozoic era, before multi-cellular eukaryotes evolved.

During ice ages the sea level drops as water is held in the great ice sheets at the poles. How much it drops depends on several factors, such as the length of time that a cold period lasts.

Stages 
Within an ice age, there are stages. The longer cold stages are called glacials or glacial periods. The shorter warm periods are called interglacials. The last glacial ended about 11,000 years ago when the present interglacial started.  The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets still exist.  The last two million years have been the Pleistocene ice age.  During  glacials, large and thick ice sheets cover much of the North American and Eurasian continents.

Many glacial periods that have occurred during the last few million years are initially at 40,000-year frequency, but more recently ice ages have occurred at 100,000-year frequency.

Related pages
Snowball Earth
Ice core
Milankovitch cycle
Orbital forcing
Pleistocene
Glaciation

References

Other websites 

 Cracking the Ice Age from PBS
 Climate patterns

Landforms
Geological periods
Climate change
The Saxons or Saxon people are (today) a part of the German people, with their main areas of settlements in the German States of Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, Westphalia, and the northeastern part of the Netherlands (Groningen, Drenthe, Twente, Salland, Veluwe and Achterhoek).  

First told about by the Ancient Greek geographer Jean Julien, the pre-Christian area of the Saxon people first covered an area a little more to the northwest, with parts of the southern Jutland , Old Saxony and small parts of the eastern Netherlands. During the 5th century AD, the Saxons were part of the people invading the Romano-British province of Britannia, and so formed the Anglo-Saxons.

Before Christianization, the Saxons had much native pre-Christian Germanic paganism. After Christianization, parts of this religion remained up to today in people who came from the Saxons.

The word 'Saxon' is thought to come from the word seax, meaning a mixture of single-edged knives. The Saxons were thought by Charlemagne, and some people who study history, to be very war-like and angry.  

Many of the words that we use today were created by the Saxons for example, radish. 

The Finnish and Estonian name for Germany, Saksa, comes from the Saxons.

Other websites 
 James Grout: Saxon Advent. Part of the Encyclopædia Romana
 Saxons and Britons

Germanic tribes

Lower Saxony
North Rhine-Westphalia
Schleswig-Holstein
Groningen (province)
Drenthe
Overijssel
Gelderland
Gdynia  (, ) is a city in northern Poland in Pomeranian Voivodeship, and is an important and seaport of Gdańsk Bay on the south coast of the Baltic Sea. It has about 248 000 inhabitants and 135 km².

Cities in Poland
() is a city in Poland in the Silesian Voivodeship. About 223,000 people live there, and it has an area of .

Cities in Poland
Mould (or mold) is a type of fungus. It grows in the form of multicellular filaments called hyphae. In contrast, fungi that can adopt a single-celled growth habit are called yeasts.

Molds are a large group of fungi. The growth of their hyphae results in discoloration and a fuzzy appearance, especially on food. The network of these tubular branching hyphae, called a mycelium, is considered a single organism. 

Mould grows from spores, which float around in the air. 
There are thousands of different kinds. Some molds cause disease or food spoilage. Sometimes people use them to make some kinds of cheese. Many antibiotics are developed from natural anti-bacterial substance made by moulds.

Mold or mould, also sometimes referred to as mildew, is a fungal growth that develops on wet materials. Mold is a natural part of the environment and plays an important part in nature by breaking down dead organic matter such as fallen leaves and dead trees; indoors, mold growth should be avoided and proper inspection should be done for effective mold removal.

Related pages 
Black bread mold
Oomycete
Slime mould
Penicillium

References
David James (born 1 August 1970) is an English retired footballer. He last played for Kerala Blasters FC and England national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|Watford||rowspan="3"|Second Division||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1990/91||46||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||46||0
|-
|1991/92||43||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||43||0
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="7"|Liverpool||rowspan="7"|Premier League||29||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||29||0
|-
|1993/94||14||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||14||0
|-
|1994/95||42||0||0||0||1||0||0||0||43||0
|-
|1995/96||38||0||1||0||1||0||0||0||40||0
|-
|1996/97||38||0||2||0||4||0||0||0||40||0
|-
|1997/98||27||0||1||0||5||0||4||0||37||0
|-
|1998/99||26||0||2||0||0||0||5||0||33||0
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Aston Villa||rowspan="2"|Premier League||29||0||5||0||5||0||0||0||39||0
|-
|2000/01||38||0||3||0||1||0||4||0||46||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|West Ham United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||26||0||3||0||0||0||0||0||29||0
|-
|2002/03||38||0||2||0||2||0||0||0||42||0
|-
|2003/04||League Championship||27||0||1||0||3||0||0||0||31||0
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Manchester City||rowspan="3"|Premier League||17||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||17||0
|-
|2004/05||38||0||1||0||0||0||0||0||39||0
|-
|2005/06||38||0||5||0||1||0||0||0||44||0
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Portsmouth||rowspan="4"|Premier League||38||0||2||0||1||0||0||0||41||0
|-
|2007/08||35||0||6||0||1||0||0||0||42||0
|-
|2008/09||34||0||3||0||1||0||5||0||43||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
661||0||37||0||26||0||18||0||742||0
661||0||37||0||26||0||18||0||742||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1997||1||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||3||0
|-
|2002||5||0
|-
|2003||11||0
|-
|2004||9||0
|-
|2005||3||0
|-
|2006||1||0
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
|2008||10||0
|-
|2009||4||0
|-
!Total||49||0
|}

References

1970 births
Living people
Black British sportspeople
English association football goalkeepers
Liverpool F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Sportspeople from Hertfordshire
Martin Adams (born 1956) is an English professional darts player.  His nickname is Wolfie, referring to his hairy face and the fact that he likes wolves.

Adams is a top-ranked darts player. He is a three-time BDO World Champion and three-time World Masters champion. He was on the board of the British Darts Organisation for a short time.

World Championship results

British Darts Organisation 
1994: Quarter Final: (lost to Magnus Caris 2-4)
1995: Semi Final: (lost to Raymond van Barneveld 4-5)
1996: Quarter Final: (lost to Steve Beaton 1-4)
1997: 1st Round: (lost to Roger Carter 1-3)
1998: 1st Round: (lost to Robbie Widdows 2-3)
1999: Quarter Final: (lost to Chris Mason 4-5)
2000: 1st Round: (lost to Steve Coote 2-3)
2001: 2nd Round: (lost to Ronnie Baxter 1-3)
2002: Semi Final: (lost to Tony David 4-5)
2003: 2nd Round: (lost to Bob Taylor 1-3)
2004: 1st Round: (lost to Richie Davies 2-3)
2005: Runner Up: (lost to Raymond van Barneveld 2-6)
2006: Semi Final: (lost to Raymond van Barneveld 2-6)
2007: Winner (beat Phill Nixon 7-6)
2008: Semi Final: (lost to Mark Webster 4-6)
2009: Semi Final: (lost to Ted Hankey 4-6)
2010: Winner (beat Dave Chisnall 7-5)
2011: Winner (beat Dean Winstanley 7-5)
2012: Quarter Final: (lost to Tony O'Shea 2-5)
2013: 1st Round: (lost to Jimmy Hendriks 2-3)

References

Other websites 
Wolfie Darts Official Web Site

1956 births
Living people
Sportspeople from London
Darts
A heterotroph (Greek heteros = another and trophe = nutrition) is an organism that requires organic substrates to get its carbon for growth and development.

In food chains 
A heterotroph is known as a consumer in the food chain. Consumers are organisms that cannot make their own food supply. They use the food that producers make, or they eat other organisms. Animals are consumers. To stay alive, consumers must get food from other organisms. There are three types of consumers:Herbivores, Carnivores, and Omnivores.

Herbivores 
Consumers that only eat plants are called herbivores. The word herbivore comes from the Latin words herba, which means "grass or herb," and vorare, which means "to eat."  A giraffe is an example of a herbivorous consumer.

Carnivores 
Consumers that only eat animals are called carnivores. The word comes from the Latin carnis, which means "flesh", and vorare, which means "to eat." A tiger is an example of a carnivorous consumer.

Omnivores 
Consumers that eat both plants and animals are called omnivores. The word comes from the Latin omnis, which means "all" and vorare. Humans are a good example of an omnivorous consumer.

Related pages
 Autotroph
 Mixotroph

References 

Biology
Ecology
{{NFL team|name=Pittsburgh Steelers
|current=2012 Pittsburgh Steelers season
|logo=Pittsburgh Steelers logo.svg
|founded=1933
|city=Heinz FieldPittsburgh, Pennsylvania
|misc=Headquartered in UPMC Sports Performance ComplexPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
|uniform = 
|colors=Black, gold, white
  
|coach=Mike Tomlin
|owner=The Rooney Family
|chairman= Dan Rooney
|president=Art Rooney II
|general manager=Kevin Colbert
|mascot=Steely McBeam
|hist_yr=1945
|NFL_start_yr=1933
|no_league_champs=6
|no_sb_champs=6
|no_conf_champs=8
|no_div_champs=21
|sb_champs=1974 (IX), 1975 (X), 1978 (XIII), 1979 (XIV), 2005 (XL), 2008 (XLIII)
|div_champs=
 AFC Central: 1972, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1983, 1984, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2001
 AFC North: 2002, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014
| playoff_appearances = <ul>1947, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2014
| no_playoff_appearances = 28
|stadium_years=
 Forbes Field (1933–1963)
 Shibe Park (1943)
 Comiskey Park (1944)
 Pitt Stadium (1958–1969)
 Three Rivers Stadium (1970–2000)
 Heinz Field (2001–present)
|team_owners = The Rooney family (1933–present)
|team_presidents = 
 Art Rooney (1933–1975)
 Dan Rooney (1975–2002)
 Art Rooney II (2002–present)
}}

The Pittsburgh Steelers are an American football team in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.. They have won six Super Bowls in eight appearances. That is  most that any team has won, tied with the New England Patriots. They have a rivalry with the Baltimore Ravens. Pittsburgh plays in the AFC North with Baltimore, the Cincinnati Bengals, and the Cleveland Browns.

The Steelers are most famous for their defense. In the 1970s, their defense was nicknamed the "Steel Curtain". It helped the Steelers to four Super Bowl wins. Other well-known Steelers defenses include the 1990s "Blitzburgh" defense and the 2000s defense (which was not nicknamed).

Other websites 
 Official Website

Pittsburgh Steelers
1933 establishments in the United States
1930s establishments in Pennsylvania
Alice Cooper (born February 4, 1948) is an American rock musician and singer. Originally, there was a band called Alice Cooper led by a singer named Vincent Damon Furnier. The band was one of the creators of a very theatrical and violent type of heavy metal music that was designed to shock and would come to be known as "shock rock."

Life
In 1974, Furnier legally changed his name to Alice Cooper and started making solo music. Cooper's solo career began with the 1975 album Welcome to My Nightmare. Over the years Cooper has played many different musical styles.

Alice Cooper is known for his social and witty persona offstage. The Rolling Stone Album Guide referred to him as the world's most "beloved" heavy metal entertainer. He helped to shape the sound and look of heavy metal. Cooper is also credited as being one of the first to bring movie-like looks to the rock concert stage in the late 1960s.

Away from music, Cooper is also an actor, a golfer, a restaurant owner and a popular radio DJ.

References

Other websites 

 Official website

1948 births
Living people
Singers from Detroit, Michigan
American singer-songwriters
Warner Bros. Records artists
Substrate may mean:
Substrate (biology), the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the surface or medium on which an organism grows or is attached
Substrate (marine biology), the earthy material in the bottom of a marine habitat, like dirt, rocks, sand, or gravel
Substrate (aquarium), the material used in the bottom of an aquarium
The stratum that is covered by another geologic stratum
Substrate (biochemistry), a molecule an enzyme has an effect on
Substrate (chemistry), the catalytic material upon which chemical species react
Substrate may also mean:
Wafer (electronics), material upon which integrated circuits are fabricated
Printed circuit board (electronics), or the electrically insulating portion of a PCB structure
Substratum, in linguistics, a language that influences but is supplanted by a second language
Neural substrate, in neuroscience, the set of brain structures that underlies a specific behavior or psychological state
Substrate (printing), the base material to which images will be printed
A diagram is usually a two-dimensional display which communicates using visual relationships. It is a simplified and structured visual representation of concepts, ideas, constructions, relations, statistical data, anatomy etc. It may be used for all aspects of human activities to explain or illustrate a topic.

Discussion 

 visual information device: Like the term "illustration" the diagram is used as a collective term standing for the whole class of technical genres, including graphs, technical drawings and tables.
 specific kind of visual display: This is the genre that shows qualitative data with shapes that are connected by lines, arrows, or other visual links.

In science the term is used in both ways. For example, Anderson (1997) stated more generally: "diagrams are pictorial, yet abstract, representations of information, and maps, line graphs, bar charts, engineering blueprints, and architects' sketches are all examples of diagrams, whereas photographs and video are not". On the other hand, Lowe (1993) defined diagrams as specifically "abstract graphic portrayals of the subject matter they represent".

Visual thinking 

Diagrams affect the mind so that the viewer comes to understand them, but not in the way one understands words. Visual thinking or problem-solving is very ancient, and largely automatic. One only has to remember that the brain puts together an image of the world around us based on sensory input, mostly sight. We do not make any conscious decisions: it is done without conscious thought. Diagrams most likely "tap in" to some of these ancient – but largely unknown – routines.

In fact these normally hidden brain processes do sometimes become apparent. When brain damage affects the visual cortex, or when visual illusions are created, are two classic examples.

The way some diagrams affect thinking is quite important. Mendeleev's periodic table summarised previous research on the elements. Far more important, though, was the way it suggested the properties of elements which were not yet discovered. This diagram stimulated creative thought, and other examples from the history of science could be given: see Feynman diagram.

Basic diagram types 
 Matrix
 Set
 Network diagram
 Flowchart
 Tree diagram
 Graph
 Exploded view

Examples 
 Circuit diagram
 Euler diagram
 Family tree
 Feynman diagram
 Gantt chart – shows the timing of tasks or activities (used in project management)
 Mind map – used for learning, brainstorming, memory, visual thinking and problem solving
 Organisation
 Piping and instrumentation diagram
 Venn diagram

Some main diagram types 
There are at least the following types of diagrams:
 Graph-based diagrams: relationships are expressed as connections between the items or overlaps between the items; examples:

 Chart-like diagram techniques, which display a relationship between two variables that take either discrete or a continuous ranges of values; examples:

Schematics and other types of diagrams, e.g.,

References 

 
Non-verbal communication
Radom is a city in Poland in Masovian Voivodeship. About 229,000 people live in the city which covers an area of 111 km².

Cities in Poland
Kielce is a city in Poland in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It has a population of about 215,000 inhabitants and 109 km² of land area.

Cities in Poland
Zabrze is a city in Poland in the Silesian Voivodeship. It has about 188,000 inhabitants and an area about 109 km².

Cities in Poland
Bytom is a city in Poland in Silesian Voivodeship. About 193,000 people live there. The city is 69 km².

Cities in Poland
Gorzów Wielkopolski is a city in Poland in Lubusz Voivodeship. It has about 125,000 inhabitants and is  in size.

Cities in Poland
Zielona Góra  () is a city in Poland in Lubusz Voivodeship. It has about 118 000 inhabitants and covers 58 km². Zielona Góra received status of city in 1323. 

Cities in Poland
Opole is the biggest city in Opole Voivodeship in the southwest part of Poland. The German name of the city is Oppeln, and the Czech name is Opolí. The Oder River goes through the city. It has about 128,000 people living in it and is 149 km² in area. The mayor of the city is Arkadiusz Wiśniewski.

History 
Opole is over 1000 years old.  It was originally a Slavic town. In 990 it became a Polish city. During the Middle Ages it became a German city. It was called Oppeln for a long time. After the Second World War the city once again became Polish, and the German citizens were forced to leave. It has been called by its Polish name Opole ever since.

Famous people from Opole 
 Jerzy Buzek (born 1940), academic and politician, President of the European Parliament, former Prime Minister of Poland
 Bernhard Kempa
 Miroslav Klose

Twin towns 
 Belgorod (Russia)
 Bruntál (Czech Republic)
 Carrara (Italy)
 Grasse (France)
 Ingolstadt (Germany)
 Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukraine
 Kuopio (Finland)
 Alytus (Lithuania)
 Mülheim (Germany)
 Potsdam (Germany)
 Roanoke County (United States)
 Székesfehérvár (Hungary)

Cities in Poland
The Jutes were a Germanic people who are believed to have come from Jutland (called Iutum in Latin) in modern Denmark inclusive Southern Schleswig in Northern Germany and part of the Frisian coast. The Jutes, along with the Angles, Saxons and Frisians, were mentioned amongst the Germanic tribes who sailed across the North Sea to raid and eventually invade Great Britain. 

It is believed that the Jutes settled particularly in Kent and the Isle of Wight. The land where the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons settled became the country of England.

Other websites 
The Jutes in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight
Were the West Saxons guilty of ethnic cleansing?

Germanic tribes

Schleswig-Holstein
Grindcore is a type of heavy metal and hardcore punk music. It was invented in the 1980s by bands such as Napalm Death. Grindcore is a lot like black metal and death metal, but the guitar parts are very simple and are played over and over again in a song. The vocals are usually loud shouts and screams while the drums play fast and loud, around 200bpm. In most cases, grindcore songs will be very short in length - Napalm Death's song 'You Suffer' is the shortest in the world at 1.316 seconds long. Their lyrics are similar to death metal and hardcore punk, which usually sing about pain, suffering, blood, gore or politics, injustice and revolution.

One popular grindcore band is Anal Cunt, who go by "A.C." because their name has a sexual meaning. A.C. sings about racism, violence, and sexism. They produce very controversial songs such as 'You Were Pregnant So I Kicked You in the Stomach' and lyrics which make jokes of the Third Reich.

There are several offshoots of grindcore, including pornogrind, goregrind and deathgrind.

Music genres
Cannibal Corpse is an American death metal band. The band was formed in Buffalo, New York in 1988 by Bob Russay, the first guitarist (who left the band in 1993). The band's lyrics draw heavily on horror fiction themes which consist of necrophilia, gore, rape, and death; and are highly controversial within the media. The bands' first 3 albums were banned in Europe until 2006 because of their graphic artwork. They are considered by many to be one of the most influential Death Metal bands in existence. Since their formation in 1988, they have undergone several line-up changes.

Members

Current 
Paul Mazurkiewicz (1988-present) - Drums
Alex Webster (1988-present) - Bass guitar
Rob Barrett (1993-1997, 2005-present) - Rhythm guitar
George "Corpsegrinder" Fisher (1995-present) - Lead vocals
Patrick O'Brien (1997-present) - Lead guitar

Former 
Chris Barnes (1988-1995) - Lead vocals
Jack Owen (1988-2004) - Guitars
Bob Rusay (1988-1993) - Guitars
Jeremy Turner (2004-2005) - Guitars (live)

Discography

Studio albums
Eaten Back to Life (1990)
Butchered At Birth (1991)
Tomb of the Mutilated (1992)
The Bleeding (1994)
Vile (1996)
Gallery of Suicide (1998)
Bloodthirst (1999)
Gore Obsessed (2002)
The Wretched Spawn (2004)
Kill (2006)
Evisceration Plague (2009)
Torture (2012)
A Skeletal Domain (2014)
 Red Before Black (2017)
 Violence Unimagined (2021)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
Death metal bands
Musical quintets
Musicians from Buffalo, New York
Sudeley Castle is a castle near Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom. It was built in 1441 by Ralph Boteler, who had the castle confiscated by Edward IV of England. Edward gave Sudeley Castle to his brother, who later became Richard III of England, who then gave it to his uncle Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford.

By the time Henry VIII of England succeeded, the castle was the property of the Crown again. It had been visited by Henry in 1535, with his second wife Anne Boleyn, but had been empty and unattended for some time. When Henry died the castle became the property of his son, Edward VI of England, who gave it to his uncle, Thomas Seymour. Thomas was made Lord of Sudeley and married the King's stepmother, Catherine Parr. During this time Thomas began to regenerate the castle for Catherine's use, but only one room that he had built remains today.

Seymour and Catherine moved into the castle and brought with them ladies to attend on the Queen Dowager, as well as gentlemen of the household and Yeomen of the guard. The castle was then home to over 100 people. Another famous figure who came to live in the castle of Lady Jane Grey, who was a ward of Seymour's, as well as the young Elizabeth I of England.

Catherine died after she had given birth to a daughter, Mary, at Sudeley Castle and was buried in its St. Mary's Chapel. Her grave was discovered in 1728 after the castle and the chapel had been left in ruins by the English Civil War. She was later reinterred by the Rector of Sudeley in 1817. 

Seymour's ambitions led to him being arrested and beheaded, after which Sudeley Castle became the property of Catherine's brother William Parr, who was the Marquess of Nothampton. Parr was stripped of his property and title after being involved in the failed attempt to make Lady Jane Grey Queen of England.

In 1554 Mary I of England gave Sudeley Castle John Brydges, Lord Chandos and it remained as his property throughout the reign of Elizabeth I of England. Elizabeth was entertained three times at Sudeley Castle, which including a spectacular feast in 1592 to celebrate the anniversary of the defeat of the Spanish Armada.

Castles in England
The Godfather trilogy refers to the three Mafia movies directed by Francis Ford Coppola about the fictional Corleone crime family;
The Godfather (1972)
The Godfather Part II (1974)
The Godfather Part III (1990)

Crime drama movies
Mafia
Series of movies
"Without You" is a song written by musicians Peter Ham and Tom Evans, which has become a standard since it was first recorded in 1970.

Ham and Evans were members of the rock band Badfinger, and they combined the verse of one unfinished song with the chorus of another, to complete "Without You". Badfinger included their version of the song on their second album, No Dice, which was released in 1970. Apple Records was Badfinger's record label, and the song was published by a related company, Apple Music.

The song got little attention at first, but when  Harry Nilsson recorded a  of it, his single became a worldwide hit. Nilsson, Ham and Evans all reached career peaks, and Nilsson won a Grammy Award for his recording.

"Without You" became, and remains, very popular around the world. Many other artists have recorded the song, and several have had hits with it, including Mariah Carey. Apple Music lost the American rights to the song, early in the 21st century.

1970 songs
Grammy Award winning songs
Apple Records was a record label founded in 1968, started by The Beatles. It was a division of the Beatles's company Apple Corps. EMI served as distributors for Apple.

Artists 
Recording artists who appeared on the Apple label included James Taylor, Mary Hopkin, Badfinger, Billy Preston, Yoko Ono, and members of the Beatles before and after their breakup in 1970.

History
While the Beatles and their business associates had high hopes for Apple at first, the tensions that caused the Beatles to split also hurt the label. Many of the records released on Apple failed to become popular, either because they did not go over well with listeners, or were not given the promotion they needed or deserved to become hit records. James Taylor "walked out" on his Apple Records contract, and signed with Warner Bros., where he began a long string of hits. Mary Hopkin retired from music after completing her contract. Billy Preston and Badfinger moved on to other record labels.

Apple Records released the last of its non-Beatles records in 1973, and when their distribution deal with EMI ended in 1975, the label went out of business.

Reissues 
The label came back into business  in the late 1980s, when the Beatles's music first appeared on compact disc. In 1992, most of Apple's other music also began to appear on CD. Yoko Ono's Apple recordings were not reissued by the label, because her husband John Lennon (a member of the Beatles) had to buy them back from Apple as part of a business settlement. After his death in 1980, Ono became the owner of the recordings. She later reissued them through another label, called Rykodisc.

Apple Records no longer signs new artists or groups, but new Beatles issues continue to appear on the Apple label.

1968 establishments in the United Kingdom
British record labels
The Beatles
The Germanic peoples are a linguistic and ethnic branch of Indo-European peoples. They came from Northern Europe and are identified by their use of the Germanic languages. Migrating Germanic peoples spread throughout Europe, mixing with existing local populations (like Celts, Slavs/Vends, and Romans).  They eventually formed the basis of many nations.  These nations are connected by similar languages, common history, and culture.

The Latin word Germani was first used by Julius Caesar.

The Germanic tribes did not have a name for themselves that described all Germanic-speaking people. In English, German is first attested in 1520, replacing earlier use of Almain or Dutch.  Today, in English, “Dutch” means the language or people of the Netherlands.

In the 1st century CE, Roman authors like Caesar and Tacitus wrote that Germanic-speaking peoples had divided into tribal groupings.  The different tribes lived in different areas:
 The East Germanic tribes lived around the rivers Oder and Vistula, in what is now Poland.
 The Istvaeones lived around the lower Rhine River.
 The Irminones lived around the Elbe River, in what is now Germany.
 The Ingvaeones lived in Jutland and other islands that now belong to Denmark.

The Irminones, Ingvaeones, and Sons of Mannus Istvaeones are called West Germanic tribes.  Germanic people who remained in Scandinavia called North Germanic. These groups all developed separate dialects.  These eventually developed into different Germanic languages.

Germanic peoples did not call themselves West Germanic, East Germanic, or North Germanic.  These categories were created in modern times.

The Germanic tribes were each politically independent, under a hereditary king (see Germanic king).  Each tribe had a myth about who first created the tribe.  For example, myths said that:

 Angul created the Angles
 Aurvandil created the Vandals (though historians are not certain this actually happened)
 Burgundus created the Burgundians
 Cibidus created the Cibidi
 Dan created the Danes
 Nór created the Norwegians
 Gothus created the Goths
 Ingve created the Ynglings
 Irmin created the Irminones
 Longobardus created the Lombards
 Saxneat created the Saxons
 Valagothus created the Valagoths
 Suiones created the Swedes (Svear)

Some Germanic kings claimed that they should have power because they were related to their tribe’s mythical founders.

History

Origin 

The early Germanic tribes spoke different dialects, but could understand each other.  They shared a common culture and mythology (see Germanic mythology).  Beowulf and the Volsunga saga make this clear.

At this time, the Romans forced the different peoples of Italy to be part of one big empire.  Unlike Italy, no large empire forced Germanic people to unite.  Because of this, the various tribes remained free, led by their own hereditary or chosen leaders.

Other websites 
 Germanic Roots of Great Britain, A Genetic Study
 On the origins of Anglo-Saxons
 Anglo-Saxons and Britons

 
Ancient history
May (Fung-Yee) Pang (born October 24, 1950) was a  to former Beatle John Lennon and his wife Yoko Ono. She later became Lennon's companion and lover, when he separated from Ono in the mid-1970s. Pang was born in New York, New York to Chinese parents.

Pang was a secretary at ABKCO, a management company started by Allen Klein, in New York City. ABKCO's clients included three of the Beatles: Lennon, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. When Lennon and wife Ono needed an assistant, Pang was sent to England to work for them. She dated musician Peter Ham of Badfinger, and helped Lennon and Ono move to the United States, late in 1971.

During 1973, Lennon and Ono began to have problems in their marriage. Ono trusted Pang, and suggested her as a companion for Lennon, knowing he wanted to see other women. Lennon surprised Ono by taking Pang with him to Los Angeles, where he planned to record an album with Phil Spector. Lennon and Pang lived together for over a year, while he worked on new music, and tried to decide whether to divorce Ono or  with her.

Lennon and Ono decided to reconcile early in 1975, and became the parents of Sean Lennon. Even though Pang had been involved with the marketing of several of Lennon's records, and also records by Harry Nilsson and Ringo Starr, she had a hard time finding a new job. She later found out the reason was because many companies were afraid Lennon would not want to do business with them, if he knew she worked there.

Pang finally found a job with Island Records, and later worked for RKO. She married record producer Tony Visconti (the former husband of singer Mary Hopkin), and they started a family. After Lennon's death in 1980, Pang wrote a , titled Loving John. She also appeared on many talk shows, to discuss her relationship with Lennon.

People from New York City
The Beatles
1950 births
Living people
Indo-Europeans are those who lived in eastern Europe and central Asia thousands of years ago. They descended from the Ukrainian steppes, and spread out across Europe, western Asia, central Asia, and India.

Indo-Europeans are Bronze Age-speakers of Indo-European languages that had not yet split into language families we know today, like Centum and Satem dialects (speakers of languages predating Proto-Indo-Iranian, Proto-Greek, Proto-Celtic, Proto-Italic, Proto-Germanic, Proto-Balto-Slavic etc.)

Speakers of Indo-European languages in historical times and nowadays often are not called by the name Indo-Europeans but with often by the name of their language family like: Anatolians, Tocharians, Aryans (Iranians, Indo-Aryans), Greeks, Celts, Italic peoples, Germanic peoples, Baltic peoples, Slavic peoples, Armenians, Albanians (or subdivisions of these groups).

References
An urban area is an area where many people live and work close together. The population density is higher than in the surrounding area.  It is where buildings are close together. Urban is the opposite of rural, where farm lands and nature are. Urban areas are usually cities and towns.  Most of the work available in urban areas is factory and office work. Agricultural work is rare because buildings are close together and there is no space for farm lands. 

There are different urban area definitions for each country. The definitions mostly depend on how populated the country is and if the definition shows a true percentage of how urbanized the country is. For example, in Poland an urban area is any place that has the status of a town, whereas in China it is any district, city, or town with a population density higher than 1500 people per square kilometer. The urban population definition for Canadian and Scandinavian countries depends on density.  If there is a house every 200 meters it is classified as urban.

A large urban area, with all connected areas (usually developed around some city) is called a Metropolitan area.

References 

Urban planning
Urban design
Economic geography
Mary Hopkin (born 3 May 1950) is a Welsh folk singer. She was born in Pontardawe. She was most famous in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Her first and biggest hit was "Those Were The Days" in 1968.

When The Beatles started their own record label called Apple Records, they were looking for new artists to sign up. Model Twiggy, a friend of the band, recommended her. After Hopkin signed with Apple, Beatle Paul McCartney produced many of the songs for her first album, called Post Card. Singer-songwriters Donovan and Harry Nilsson, and record producer George Martin, also gave her songs to record.

"Those Were The Days" was McCartney's choice for Hopkin's first single. He chose well, and the song became a hit worldwide. Hopkin recorded other singles, including "Goodbye", "Temma Harbour", "Knock, Knock, Who's There", and a remake of Doris Day's "Qué Sera, Sera", but they were not as successful as her first record. McCartney moved on to a solo career after the Beatles disbanded, and no longer worked with her. Hopkin's second album, Earth Song/Ocean Song, was largely self-produced.

Hopkin disliked the way Apple Records had promoted her, as a kind of "squeaky-clean" schoolgirl. She left the label after two albums and a best-ofs compilation, also titled Those Were the Days. She retired from music after marrying producer Tony Visconti, but she did appear as a background singer on a few of his productions.

During the 1990s, Apple Records reissued many of their old records, including Hopkin's two original albums. She oversaw a new version of Those Were the Days, with bonus tracks and a detailed booklet.

References

Other websites
Official page

1950 births
Living people
British folk musicians
Musicians from Glamorgan
Welsh singers
The Champs-Élysées is a long and very famous street in Paris.

It links the Arc de Triomphe and the Place de la Concorde. It is a very popular place: there are many famous cinemas, bars, boutiques, and restaurants. It is also where the Tour de France ends.

On 20 April 2017, two ISIS-claimed gunmen opened fired and killed one police officer and injured another at Champs-Élysées.

References

Paris
Thomas "Tom" Evans (5 June 1947 – 19 November 1983) was an English guitarist and songwriter, who had several hit records as a member of Badfinger, during the late 1960s and early 1970s. He was also the cowriter of "Without You", with collaborator Peter Ham, another member of Badfinger.

Evans and Ham wrote most of Badfinger's hits together, including "No Matter What", "Day After Day", and "Baby Blue", which appeared on Apple Records. After leaving Apple, Badfinger's fortunes dipped. Ham committed suicide by hanging in 1975. Evans was devastated, and never got over losing his musical partner. He also hanged himself, in London in 1983.

"Without You" first became a hit in a cover version by Harry Nilsson in 1971, and the song became a standard as time went on. Badfinger's music was mostly forgotten by the 1980s, but became popular again in the 1990s when their old records appeared on compact disc.

1947 births
1983 deaths
English guitarists
English rock composers
Musicians from Liverpool
Musicians who committed suicide
Suicides by hanging in the United Kingdom
Solon was a statesman in Ancient Greece. He is one of Seven Sages (or Wise Men) of Greece, because of his political reforms to the laws of Athens. Many of these changes helped the poor people. He lived from 630 B.C.- 560 B.C. He introduced the court and judges. About 594 B.C., the nobles elected Solon to lead Athens. He made reforms that helped prevent a revolt by the poor. First he freed people who had become slaves because of debts. He made a law that no citizen could be enslaved. Solon also organized citizens into four classes based on wealth, not birth. Rich men had more power. Yet this was still a more fair system than the old one that limited power to nobles. Solon allowed all citizens to serve in the assembly and help elect leaders. He also reformed the laws to make them less harsh.

References

Ancient Greece
Villars may refer to:

In France
Villars, Dordogne
Villars, Eure-et-Loir
Villars, Loire
Villars, Vaucluse
Villars-les-Dombes, Ain
Villars-le-Sec, Territoire de Belfort

In Switzerland
Canton of Jura
 Villars, Jura, Switzerland in the municipality Fontenais
Canton of Fribourg
Villars-d'Avry in the municipality Pont-en-Ogoz
Villars-les-Joncs in the municipality Düdingen
Villars-sous-Mont in the municipality Bas-Intyamon
Villars-sur-Glâne
Villars-sur-Marly in the municipality Pierrafortscha
Canton of Vaud
Villars-sur-Ollon in the municipality Ollon
Villars Bozon in the municipality L'Isle
the municipality Bougy-Villars
the municipality Lussery-Villars
the municipality Villars-Bramard 
the municipality Villars-Burquin
the municipality Villars-Epeney 
the municipality Villars-le-Comte 
the municipality Villars-le-Grand
the municipality Villars-le-Terroir
the municipality Villars-Mendraz
the municipality Villars-Sainte-Croix
the municipality Villars-sous-Champvent
the municipality Villars-sous-Yens
the municipality Villars-Tiercelin

Related pages
Claude Louis Hector de Villars, a Marshal of France
Felix Villars (1921-2002), biophysicist
Villars-Maitre-Chocolatier
An omelette or omelet  is a type of food that is mainly eggs, with various fillings.  In the United States "omelets" are usually eaten at breakfast. However omelettes can  be eaten as a light lunch or late evening meal.

Making an Omelette 

An omelette is prepared from beaten eggs cooked with butter or oil in a frying pan. A thin, flat 'heavy' omelette is usually folded around a filling such as cheese, vegetables, meat, or some combination of these ingredients. In some traditions, omelettes are fried to cook the bottom and then flipped over or in half for final stage of cooking. However, in other traditions, omelettes is baked to cook it evenly or the top is cooked under a broiler. When making an omelette, it is best to use several eggs. Put a little water in with the eggs when you mix them up because the water helps the eggs to produce steam as they cook. The steam makes them lighter and fluffier. Using oil in the bottom of a nonstick omelette pan helps prevent the omelette from sticking. Follow these tips, add your favourite filling, and you will make a tasty omelette quickly and easily.

For a full light and fluffy omolette separate the egg whites and whisk to stiff peaks then fold in the yolks. Cook by frying in a knob of butter on a medium heat until centre starts to dry then fold in half and cook until its hot in the middle.

"Famous" Omelettes 
There are many different types of omelette, often with different names, depending on what is used as a filling.

Arnold Bennett 
Arnold Bennett (27 May 1867 - 27 March 1931) was a British writer.  Often after having been to the theatre in London he visited the Savoy Hotel's Grillroom.  The chef added haddock, cream and Parmesan cheese to the basic omelette and called the new dish "Omelette Arnold Bennett" in his customer's honour.

Napoleon 
When Napoleon Bonaparte and his army were marching through southern France, they stopped for the night near the town of Bessieres. A local innkeeper made Napoleon an omelette.  Napoleon was so impressed by the cooking he ordered the townspeople to collect all the eggs in the village and to prepare a huge omelette for his army the next day.

References

Egg dishes