cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Antares (α Scorpii, Alpha Scorpii) is a red supergiant star in the Milky Way galaxy and the sixteenth brightest star in the nighttime sky. It is listed as 15th or 16th brightest, depending on how the two brighter components of the Capella quadruple star system are counted.

Antares is the brightest and most massive star in the Scorpius-Centaurus Association. The Scorpius-Centaurus Association contains thousands of stars with a mean age of 11 million years.

Antares has a secondary, or companion star, Antares B. The orbit of the companion star and its properties are not properly known, with an estimated period of 1,200 to 2,562 years.

Antares has a radius of about 680 to 800 times that of the Sun. This gives Antares a diameter between 947 to 1.114 billion kilometers in size. If Antares was placed in the center of our solar system, its outer surface would lie between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, in the asteroid belt. Antares is about 550 light-years (or 170 parsecs) from the Earth. Its visual luminosity is about 10,000 times that of the Sun. Because the star radiates much of its energy in the infrared part of the spectrum, the bolometric luminosity is about 65,000 times that of the Sun. The mass of the star is in the range of 15 to 18 solar masses.

Antares is one of the first red supergiants to be directly imaged.

Related pages 
 Betelgeuse
 Mu Cephei

References 

Red giants
Variable stars
Supergiants
The Superga is a hill on the south bank of the Po River. It is east of Torino in the northwestern parts of Italy. It is 672 metres above sea level.

Hills
Geography of Italy
Tjejmilen is a girls-women only, cross-country running event in Stockholm, Sweden. The competition is hosted by Hässelby SK and Spårvägen FK. It is ran across a 10 kilometers long course on Djurgården.

The competition is annual. The first event was held on 19 August 1984. If often gathers thousnds of participants.

Winners
1984 – Evy Palm, Sweden, 34:21
1985 – Evy Palm, Sweden, 34:28
1986 – Evy Palm, Sweden, 33:29
1987 – Malin Wästlund, Sweden, 34:20
1988 – Evy Palm, Sweden, 34:09
1989 – Evy Palm, Sweden, 34:09
1990 – Grete Waitz, Norway, 33:49
1991 – Midde Hamrin, Sweden, 34:34
1992 – Sara Romé, Sweden, 35:14
1993 – Gunhild Halle, Norway, 34:25
1994 – Sara Romé, Sweden, 34:35
1995 – Grete Kirkeberg, Norway, 34:50
1996 – Ingmarie Nilsson, Sweden, 35,32
1997 – Grete Kirkeberg, Norway, 35:16
1998 – Marie Söderström-Lundberg, Sweden, 34:37
1999 – Susanne Johansson, Sweden, 36:04
2000 – Marie Söderström-Lundberg, Sweden, 33:29
2001 – Lena Gavelin, Sweden, 33:35
2002 – Janet Ongera, Kenya, 33:22
2003 – Kirsi Valasti, Finland, 33:16
2004 – Lena Gavelin, Sweden, 34:44
2005 – Lisa Blommé, Sweden, 34:45
2006 – Ida Nilsson, Sweden, 34:12
2007 – Isabellah Andersson, Sweden, 34:50
2008 – Lisa Blommé, Sweden, 33:58
2009 – Isabellah Andersson, Sweden, 33:49
2010 – Isabellah Andersson, Sweden, 33:38
2011 – Isabellah Andersson, Sweden, 33:25
2012 – Karoline Bjerkeli Grøvdal, Norway 33.14
2013 – Isabellah Andersson, Sweden, 33:42
2014 – Meraf Bahta, Sweden, 32:40
2015 – Webalem Ayele, Ethiopia, 33:28
2016 – Fantu Tekla, Ethiopia, 32:40
2017 – Sara Holmgren, Sweden 34.52
2018 – Ayantu Eshete, Ethiopia, 35:06
2019 – Hanna Lindholm, Sweden, 35:06
2020 – Cancelled because of the Corona pandemic
2021 – Meraf Bahta, Sweden, 32.41

Related pages
Tjejtrampet
Tjejvasan

References

Other websites

Official website

1984 establishments in Sweden
Sport in Stockholm
Tjejvasan is an annual girls-women only cross-country skiing event in Sweden. It runs from Oxberg to Mora. The first event was first held in 1988.

Winners
Winners throughout the years.

 1988 - Karin Värnlund, IFK Mora
 1989 - Marie Johansson, Dala Järna IK
 1990 - cancelled because of lack of snow
 1991 - Anna Frithioff, Kvarnsvedens GoIF
 1992 - Anna Frithioff, Kvarnsvedens GoIF
 1993 - Carina Görlin, Hudiksvalls IF
 1994 - Marie Helene Östlund, Hudiksvalls IF
 1995 - Marie Helene Östlund, Hudiksvalls IF
 1996 - Kerrin Petty, IFK Mora
 1997 - Kerrin Petty, Stockviks SF
 1998 - Bente Martinsen, Norway
 1999 - Elin Ek, Bergeforsens SK
 2000 - Annika Evaldsson, IFK Mora
 2001 - Anita Moen, Norway
 2002 - Emelie Öhrstig, Stockviks SF
 2003 - Ulrica Persson, SK Bore
 2004 - Hilde Gjermundshaug Pedersen, Norway
 2005 - Sofia Bleckur, IK Jarl
 2006 - Elin Ek, IFK Mora
 2007 - Susanne Nyström, Piteå Elit SK
 2008 - Susanne Nyström, Piteå Elit SK
 2009 - Susanne Nyström, Piteå Elit SK
 2010 - Susanne Nyström, IFK Mora
 2011 - Jenny Hansson, Östersunds SK
 2012 - Susanne Nyström, Laisvalls SK
 2013 - Susanne Nyström, Laisvalls SK
 2014 - Sofia Bleckur, IFK Mora
 2015 – Laila Kveli, Norway
 2016 - Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå Skidor IF
 2017 – Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå Skidor IF
 2018 - Kateřina Smutná, Czech Republic
 2019 – Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå SK
 2020 - Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå Skidor IF
 2021 – Lina Korsgren, Åre LSK
 2022 - Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå Skidor IF

Related pages
Tjejmilen
Tjejtrampet

References

Other websites
The event at SVT's open archive 

1988 establishments in Sweden
Skiing in Sweden
Maternal health is the health of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth and her postpartum periods. It includes the health care dimensions of family planning, preconception, prenatal and postnatal caring. 

The risk of maternal death is higher in some areas, such as Sub-Saharan Africa, than in others. Poverty is a problem in some countries, in particular, the developing countries.

Females living in poverty stricken cities or areas are more likely to be overweight or obese and have unhealthy behaviors like smoking or drug use.

There are a lot of reasons why females choose to not engage in proper prenatal care. Around 71% of low income women, according to a US study, had difficulty having access to prenatal care. 

Income is highly associated with prenatal health care.

More About Maternal health 

 Maternal health
 What is maternal health
 What is maternity care

References

Health care
Women's studies (also called feminist studies) are an academic field that explores politics, society, media and history according to women's views. 

The first accredited Women's Studies course was in 1969 at Cornell University. Women's studies are available at many colleges and universities.

References

Women
Education
Marcus  Garvey, Jr., ONH (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940), was a Jamaican political activist leader. He started the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League. He influenced Rastafarians and the Nation of Islam. Garvey died of a stroke in London on June 10, 1940. He was 52.

Garvey was born in Jamaica. He left Jamaica in 1910. He lived in Costa Rica for a few months. In 1912 he moved back to Jamaica. The Marcus Garvey Award is given each year to a Jamaican by JAM.

1887 births
1940 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in London
Deaths from stroke
Fraudsters
Jamaican businesspeople
Journalists
Political activists
Oberdan Cattani (June 12, 1919 – June 20, 2014) was a Brazilian football player at the position of Goalkeeper. He played for Palmeiras from 1940 to 1954.

Cattani was born in Sorocaba, São Paulo. He died in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, aged 95.

References

1919 births
2014 deaths
Brazilian footballers
Fiona Hale (born February 7, 1926) is an American actress. Her career began in 1949 in the movie Harriet Craig. She is known for her roles in Minority Report (2002), in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008), and in Seven Pounds (2008).

Hale was born in New York.

Some movies
 The Incredible Burt Wonderstone (2013)
 Seven Pounds (2008)
 The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008)
 Minority Report (2002)
 Corky Romano (2001)
 Shotgun (1955)
 Interrupted Melody (1955)

References

Other websites
 

1926 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New York
was a Japanese retired politician. He was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He served as director general of the now-defunct Defense Agency of Japan in 1990.

He died on June 21, 2014 from acute respiratory failure after being hospitalized with pneumonia, aged 88.

References

1925 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Civil servants
Politicians from Tokyo
Petaluma is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States. As of 2010, the population was 57,941. The city was founded in by the Spanish people in 1776. It was made a city in April 1858.

References 

Cities in California
Settlements in Sonoma County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Six Flags Entertainment Corporation is a company that operates 19 amusement parks in Mexico, the United States and Canada. The parks include theme parks, thrill parks, water parks and family entertainment centers. In 2011, 24.3 million people visited the parks.

The name Six Flags, comes from the flags of the six different nations that have governed Texas: Spain, France, Mexico, the Republic of Texas, the United States of America, and the Confederate States of America. The original Six Flags park was (and still is) split into separate regions, such as the Spain and Mexico section which has Spanish-themed rides, attractions, and buildings.

References

Other websites
 Six Flags Official home page
 Bloomberg

 
Theme park companies
1962 establishments
1960s establishments in the United States
David Bradley may refer to:

David Bradley (plowman) (1811–1899)
David Bradley (director) (1920–1997), American director 
David Bradley (actor) (born 1942), British actor
Dai Bradley (born 1953), British actor
David Bradley (American actor), star of action films such as the American Ninja series
David Bradley (engineer) (born 1949), IBM engineer
David Bradley (linguist), linguist who specializes in the Tibeto-Burman languages of South East Asia
David Bradley (novelist) (born 1950), author of The Chaneysville Incident
David Bradley (UK journalist) (born 1966), editor of Sciencebase magazine
David C. Bradley (born 1961), American psychologist and neuroscientist
David G. Bradley (born 1953), American businessman and magazine publisher
David J. Bradley (1915–2008), American author and skier
David W. Bradley (born 1955), American game designer
David Bradley (footballer) (born 1958), retired English professional footballer
David Bradley (Native American artist) (born 1954), American artist

Related pages
Dave Bradley (1947–2010), American football player
Henri Marie Coandă (7 June 1886 – 25 November 1972) was an inventor, aerodynamics pioneer and builder of an experimental aircraft from Romania.  The Coandă-1910, made by Coanda is sometimes considered to be first jet. This information has also created controversies. He invented a number of devices, he also designed "flying saucer" and discovered the Coandă effect of fluid dynamics. During World War 2, he lived in occupied France.

In 1969, he got back to Romania, he served as director of the Institute for Scientific and Technical Creation (INCREST), in 1971 he recorganized with professor Elie Carafoli, the Department of Aeronautical Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Bucharest.

Coandă died in Bucharest on 25 November 1972. He was 86 years old, he is buried at Bellu cemetery.

References

1886 births
1972 deaths
Inventors
Romanian people
The Bengali Calendar ( Bônggabdô or  Bangla Sôn) also known as the Bangla Calendar, is the official and national calendar of Bangladesh. On the calendar, Pôhela Bôishakh is the New Year and it starts on 14 April or 15 April on the Western calendar if it is either before Pôhela Bôishakh, or 593 less if after Pôhela Bôishakh.

The Bengali calendar has 6 seasons and each of them make up two months. Starting at Pôhela Bôishakh, the seasons are Grishmô (গ্রীষ্ম) or Summer; Bôrsha (বর্ষা) or Rainy/Monsoon season; Shôrôt (শরৎ) or Autumn; Hemôntô (হেমন্ত) or the Dry season; Šhit (শীত) or Winter; and Bôsôntô (বসন্ত) or Spring.

References

Bangladesh
Calendars
Girl power is a term used to say that girls are important. It became popular because of the Spice Girls' use of the term. It was also used by the band, Bikini Kill. The phrase is sometimes spelled "grrrl power". This is because of the Riot grrrl punk rock bands.

"Girl power" was also used by other bands in the early 1990s. One was a Welsh indie rock band Helen Love. Another was a south-east London punk rock band, Shampoo. They released an album and a single titled Girl Power in 1995.

References 

Feminism
Politics
Punk rock
Sex-positive feminism (or pro-sex feminism) is a movement. It began in the early 1980s. Many people in the movement think sexual freedom is an important part of women's freedom. Sex-positive feminism is often difficult to define.

Many authors, including Gayle Rubin, see the roots of sex-positive feminism in the work of sex workers and sex reformers.

References

Feminism
Politics
Härma is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Igavere is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Järsi is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Kalesi is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Kiviloo is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Kulli is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Kurgla is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Mallavere is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Peningi is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Perila is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Pikavere is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Rätla is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Tõhelgi is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
The chain pickerel (scientific name Esox niger), has a number of nicknames such as the Grass pickerel, Jack, and Eastern pickerel. The Chain pickerel is a freshwater game fish and the smallest member of the Esox (pike) family. They are native to Atlantic and Gulf Coast tributaries. Chain pickerel have been introduced into the Lakes Ontario and Erie drainages as well as other places. They are found in shallow weedy pools of lakes, streams and tidal and non-tidal rivers. They are ambush feeders who will strike at anything that swims near them. They feed mainly during daylight hours.

Physical description 

Chain pickerel has the same torpedo-like shape of the Muskellunge and Northern pike. They have different markings than either of their family members. They have a chain-like pattern of dark markings on a yellowish to greenish body. This pattern is what they were named for. Like other pike they have a forked tail fin and a long pointed head. Chain pickerel have a dark bar underneath each eye. The eye color is yellow or yellowish. They can live up to 10 years.

Habitat and forage 

In waters not shared with Northern pike or Muskies, Chain pickerel can be abundant. They prefer shallow weedy pools and submerged trees, limbs or man-made structures. These can be dock pilings, or riprap. Pickerel ambush their prey. They eat other fish, frogs, crayfish and small mammals. Young pickerel eat aquatic insects and small Crustacea. During the winter months the adult fish move to deeper water.

Spawning begins when water temperatures approach 50°F. Unlike others in the pike family, Chain pickerel eggs are sticky and ribbons of eggs stick to underwater weeds. Females lay up to 50,000 eggs. Unlike other fish, Chain pickerel do not remain to guard their young fry.

Angling 

Chain pickerel are not as popular as other game fish. A good number are caught by accident while fishing for other fish. But they are popular with ice fishermen in the winter. Chain pickerel are a very good fighting fish. Anyone hooking one is in for an exciting fight. They will attack a live minnow or any lure that resembles one. In Canada, Walleyes are called 'pickerel' which sometimes confuses identification. But a walleye and a pike are very different in appearance.

The world record for a chain pickerel is 9 pounds 6 ounces. It was caught in Georgia in 1961. Chain pickerel rarely grow longer than 36 inches.

References 

Teleosts
Freshwater fish
Jimmy Yves Newman (August 29, 1927 – June 21, 2014), better known as Jimmy C. Newman (the C stands for Cajun), was an American singer and a long time star of the Grand Ole Opry. He was known for his songs "Cry Cry Darling" and "A Fallen Star".

Newman died of cancer in Nashville on June 21, 2014, aged 86.

References

1927 births
2014 deaths
Country musicians from Louisiana
American guitarists
Cancer deaths in the United States
Musicians from Louisiana
Singers from Louisiana
Slugterra: Ghoul From Beyond is a 2014 Canadian animated television movie, by the Canadian animation studio Nerd Corps Entertainment Inc. and Disney XD Canada. The movie is based on Slugterra. It was released on March 30, 2014 on Disney XD in Canada, In June 10 2014 the movie made available only in United States on DVD by Shout! Factory as it was permiered in August 2014 in United States on Television on Disney XD.

Plot
There is a new threat in the 99 caverns of Slugterra. Eli and his friends come to the rescue. But they find something they have never seen before; a new kind of ghoul.

Cast
Sam Vincent as Eli Shane
Andrew Francis as Kord, Mongo
Lee Tockar as Pronto
Shannon Chan-Kent as Trixie
Brian Drummond as Boss Ember
Ian James Corlett as Straggus
Trevor Devall as The King of Sling
Brian Dobson as Dark Slinger
Michael Dobson as Millard

Release

Television 
The movie had originally first premiered on Disney XD in Canada and then internationally Disney XD Worldwide.

DVD 
On June 10, 2014, the movie became purchasable on DVD on Amazon the DVD comes including a short one minute episode called "Burpy and Friends take a Dive".

Review 
The movie received an okay review that it is okay for the family.

References

2014 movies
Canadian animated movies
Hans-Adam II (Johannes (Hans) Adam Ferdinand Alois Josef Maria Marko d'Aviano Pius Fürst von und zu Liechtenstein; born 14 February 1945), is the reigning Prince (Fürst) of Liechtenstein. He is the son of Franz Joseph II, Prince (Fürst) of Liechtenstein (1906–1989) and his wife Countess Georgina von Wilczek (1921–1989).

Titles, styles and honours

Titles and styles
 14 February 1945 – 13 November 1989: His Serene Highness The Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein
 13 November 1989 – present: His Serene Highness The Prince of Liechtenstein

The official title of the Prince is Fürst von und zu Liechtenstein, Herzog von Troppau und Jägerndorf, Graf zu Rietberg, Regierer des Hauses von und zu Liechtenstein. (Prince of and at Liechtenstein, Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf, Count at Rietberg, Sovereign of the House of and at Liechtenstein). There is a distinction between the German titles of a reigning Fürst and non-reigning descendants of a Fürst who are titled Prinz.

Honours and awards

National honours
 : Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Grand Star
 : Sovereign Recipient of the 70th Birthday Medal of Prince Franz Joseph II

Foreign honours
 Austria
  Austrian-Hungarian Imperial and Royal family: 1,305th Knight with Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece
 : Grand Cross of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria, Grand Star
  Bavarian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Hubert

Awards
 :  Honorary degree of the University of Innsbruck
 : Honorary degree of the Babeș-Bolyai University

Ancestry

References

Other websites

2004: Royal power handover – Prince Alois says democracy still strong Real Audio sound file from the BBC.

1945 births
Living people
Princes of Liechtenstein
Current national leaders
Alois Philipp Maria, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein, Count Rietberg (born 11 June 1968), is the eldest son of Hans Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein, and Countess Marie Aglaë Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau. Alois has been regent of Liechtenstein () since 15 August 2004. He is married to Duchess Sophie of Bavaria.

References

1968 births
Living people
Princes of Liechtenstein
Peter Kaiser (1 October 1793 – 23 February 1864) was a Liechtenstein historian and politician. He was known for being a great educator and for helping educate the poor of Liechtenstein. He statue of him is in Mauren. He was born in Mauren.

Kaiser died in Chur, Switzerland, aged 70.

1793 births
1864 deaths
Liechtenstein people
Educators
Historians
Civil servants
The flag of Liechtenstein () shows two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the left side of the blue band. The colors are likely to have been added to represent the Principality's royal household in the eighteenth century.

References

Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein
Mamou is a town in Evangeline Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 3,566 at the 2000 census.

Towns in Louisiana
Stanford is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Clara County, California, United States and is the home of Stanford University. The population was 13,809 at the 2010 census, with a daily population of 35,000.

References

Census-designated places in California
Settlements in Santa Clara County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Elsie Quarterman (November 28, 1910 – June 9, 2014) was an American plant ecologist. She was a Professor Emerita at Vanderbilt University. She is known for her work on the ecology of Tennessee cedar glades.

Quarterman was born on November 28, 1910 in Valdosta, Georgia. She earned a B.A. from Georgia State Women's College (now Valdosta State University) in 1932 and earned an M.A. in botany from Duke University in 1943.

She died on June 9, 2014, at the age of 103.

Related pages
List of ecologists

References

1910 births
2014 deaths
American academics
American centenarians
Ecologists
Scientists from Georgia (U.S. state)
Valdosta, Georgia
Educators from Georgia (US)
Valdosta is the county seat of Lowndes County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 Census, Valdosta has a total population of 54,518, and is the 14th largest city in Georgia.

References

 
County seats in Georgia
Curious George is the main character of a series of popular children's books by the same name. It was written by Hans Augusto Rey and Margret Rey. The books feature a curious brown monkey named George, who is brought from his home in Africa by "The Man with The Yellow Hat" to live with him in a big city.

Children's books
Margret Elizabeth Rey (May 16, 1906 – December 21, 1996) was a German-American writer and illustrator of Jewish descent. 

She was known best for the Curious George series of children's picture books that she and her husband H. A. Rey created from 1939 to 1966.  She met her husband Hans Augusto Rey in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil while attempting to escape Nazism.

References

1906 births
1996 deaths
American illustrators
Jewish American writers
Jewish German writers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Hamburg
Refugees from Nazism
Writers from Massachusetts
Curious George is a children's book written and illustrated by Margret Rey and H. A. Rey, and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1941. It is the first book in the Curious George series and tells the story of a monkey called George and his adventures with the Man with the Yellow Hat.

References

Children's books
Ed O'Ross (born July 4, 1946) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Itchy in Dick Tracy, ruthless Georgian mobster Viktor Rostavili in Red Heat, and tough-then-alien-possessed police detective Cliff Willis in The Hidden.

O'Ross was born Edward Oross in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,

References

Other websites

 
 

1946 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Michael Joseph Kelly (born May 22, 1969) is an American actor. 

He is best known for his roles in movies such as Changeling, Dawn Of The Dead, Law Abiding Citizen, The Adjustment Bureau, and Chronicle, Now You See Me. He also appeared in the television miniseries Generation Kill and the Criminal Minds spin-off series Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior. 

He currently plays Doug Stamper in the American adaptation of House of Cards.

References

Other websites

1969 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Carla Gugino (born August 29, 1971) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in Spy Kids, Sin City, Watchmen, Son in Law, and in Night at the Museum.

References

Other websites

 
 

1971 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Florida
People from Sarasota, Florida
American Gigolo is a 1980 American crime drama movie. It is about a male escort in Los Angeles whose job pays for expensive cars, cocaine and clothing. Richard Gere plays Julian. Lauren Hutton plays Michelle.

This movie was released on February 8, 1980.

1980 crime movies
1980 drama movies
1980s crime drama movies
1980s erotic movies
American crime drama movies
American erotic movies
Movies about prostitution
Movies set in Los Angeles
Murder in movies
Narcissism in fiction
1980 mystery movies
American crime movies
American mystery movies
American romance movies
American thriller movies
Movies about sexuality
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by Paul Schrader
The Unbearable Lightness of Being is a 1988 American erotic romantic drama movie. It is based on the novel of the same name. The movie is set in 1968 in Prague and Switzerland. Daniel Day-Lewis plays brain surgeon Tomas. Lena Olin plays Sabina. Juliette Binoche plays Tereza.

This movie was released in February 1988.

1988 drama movies
1988 romance movies
1980s erotic movies
1980s romantic drama movies
American erotic movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in the 1960s
Prague
Swiss culture
Movies directed by Philip Kaufman
Warner Bros. movies
Movies set in Czech Republic
Movies set in the 1960s
Leonard Sharp (May 7, 1924 – December 12, 2016) was an American World War II veteran and notorious drug courier, or "mule". He transported drugs, mostly cocaine, across the United States, mostly to and from the southern US border and Detroit, Michigan. He allegedly transported more than 1,000 pounds of cocaine during his years of dealing.

Notoriety 
He widely considered by the Sinola cartel and DEA authorities as an urban legend in Detroit until his arrest in 2013. He pleaded not guilty in October 2013 and was sentenced to three years in prison in May 2014. Sharp was the oldest drug mule in the World. He was released from prison in 2015 due to poor health.

Personal life 
Sharp was born in Michigan City, Indiana. He was raised in Detroit, Michigan. He fought in World War II and received a Bronze Star Medal for his service. 

Sharp had dementia. He died of the natural causes related to the disease on December 12, 2016 in Michigan at the age of 92.

The 2018 movie The Mule is based on Sharp's life, with Clint Eastwood playing "Earl Stone" (based on Sharp).

References

Other websites
 Drug mule, 90, gets 3 years for hauling cocaine, seeks to delay imprisonment

1924 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in Michigan
American people of World War II
Criminals from Indiana
Criminals from Michigan
Drug dealers
People from Detroit, Michigan
People from Indiana
Tidal locking (or captured rotation) is when one side of an astronomical body always faces another. It is also called synchronous rotation. The classic example is the Moon: the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth. 

A tidally locked body takes just as long to rotate around its own axis as it does to revolve around its partner. This makes one hemisphere constantly face the partner body. Usually, at any given time only the satellite is tidally locked around the larger body. If the two bodies are similar in mass, and their distance apart is small, the tidal force will lock each to the other. This is the case between Pluto and Charon. 

If the Moon were not spinning at all, it would alternately show its near and far sides to Earth, while moving around Earth in orbit.

It is possible to work out how long it takes for a particular case of tidal locking to occur. It is just a rough estimate, because some factors are poorly known. An example is the rigidity of a planetary body and its change in shape under tidal force. Tidal locking is an aspect of orbital resonance.

List of known tidally locked bodies

Solar System 
Locked to the Earth
 Moon

Locked to Mars
 Phobos
 Deimos

Locked to Jupiter
 Metis
 Adrastea
 Amalthea
 Thebe
 Io
 Europa
 Ganymede
 Callisto

Locked to Saturn
 Ymir

 Pan
 Atlas
 Prometheus
 Pandora
 Epimetheus
 Janus
 Mimas
 Enceladus
 Telesto
 Tethys
 Calypso
 Dione
 Rhea
 Titan
 Iapetus

Locked to Uranus
 Miranda
 Ariel
 Umbriel
 Titania
 Oberon

Locked to Neptune
 Proteus
 Triton

Locked to Pluto
 Charon (Pluto is itself locked to Charon)

Extra-solar 
 Tau Boötis is known to be locked to the close-orbiting giant planet Tau Boötis b.

Libration 

Libration is an oscillating motion of orbiting bodies relative to each other. Examples include the motion of the Moon relative to Earth, or of Trojan asteroids relative to planets.

The Moon generally has one hemisphere facing the Earth, due to tidal locking. Therefore, our first view of the far side of the Moon resulted from lunar exploration in the 1960s. 

However, this simple picture is only approximately true: over time, slightly more than half (about 59%) of the Moon's surface is seen from Earth due to libration.

Libration is a slow rocking back and forth of the Moon as viewed from Earth, permitting an observer to see slightly different halves  of the surface at different times.

References 

Orbits
The Horsehead nebula (also known as Barnard 33) is a dark nebula in the constellation Orion. 
The nebula is part of the much larger Orion complex. The nebula is located just to the south of the star Alnitak. Alniak is the farthest east on Orion's Belt. It is part of the much larger Orion Molecular Cloud Complex.

Early history
The nebula was first recorded in 1888 by Scottish astronomer Williamina Fleming. It was recorded on photographic plate B2312 taken at the Harvard College Observatory. The Horsehead Nebula is about 1500 light years from Earth. It is one of the most known nebulae because of its shape when seen from Earth.

Composition of the nebula
The dark cloud of dust and gas is a region in the Orion nebula where star formation is taking place. The nebula contains over 100 known organic and inorganic gases. It also consists of large and complex organic molecules.

The red or pinkish glow comes from hydrogen gas behind the nebula.  Magnetic fields channel the gases leaving the nebula into streams that show as streaks in the background glow. A glowing strip of hydrogen gas marks the edge of the massive cloud. Thee densities of stars are different on either side. 

The darkness of the Horsehead is caused by thick dust blocking the light of stars behind it. The lower part of the Horsehead's neck casts a shadow to the left. Bright spots in the Horsehead Nebula's base are young stars just in the process of forming.

References

Other websites

 The Horsehead Nebula @ The Electronic Sky
 The discovery of early photographs of the Horsehead nebula, by Waldee and Hazen
 The Horsehead Nebula in the 19th Century, by Waldee 
 Horsehead Nebula at ESA/Hubble 
 The Horsehead Nebula at the Astro-Photography site of Mr. T. Yoshida.
 The Horsehead Nebula at Constellation Guide

Nebulae
Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon (Louise Élisabeth; 22 November 1693–27 May 1775) was a daughter of Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, and his wife, Louise Françoise de Bourbon, herself an illegitimate daughter of Louis XIV of France and Madame de Montespan.

She was the wife of Louis Armand de Bourbon. She was the Princess of Conti by marriage. It was Louise Élisabeth who presented Madame de Pompadour to the court of Louis XV; she also built the Hôtel de Brienne, present seat of the French Ministry of Defence. Louise Élisabeth was the Duchess of Étampes in her own right, having succeeded to the title at the death of her aunt Marie Anne de Bourbon.

Biography

Louise Élisabeth was born on 22 November 1693, at the Palace of Versailles. She was a princesse du sang. In youth, she was known at court as Mademoiselle de Charolais, a style later borne by her younger sister. Her parents' second daughter, and third child, she was one of nine children:

Marie Éléonore Gabrielle (22 December 1690 – 30 August 1760)
Louis Henri (18 August 1692 – 27 January 1740)
Louise Anne (23 June 1695 – 8 April 1758)
Marie Anne  (16 October 1697 – 11 August 1741)
Charles, Count of Charolais (19 June 1700 – 23 July 1760)
Henriette Louise de Bourbon (15 January 1703 – 19 September 1772)
Élisabeth Alexandrine (15 September 1705 – 15 April 1765)
Louis, Count of Clermont (15 June 1709 – 16 June 1771)

She was baptised in the chapel of Versailles on 24 November 1698 with her brother Louis Henri and her sister Louise Anne.

Marriage

The first years of her marriage were full of court cases at the Parlement de Paris against her husband due to his violent temper and her desire to leave him.

Children
 Louis de Bourbon, Count of La Marche (28 March 1715 - 1 August 1717) died young. 
 Louis François de Bourbon, Prince of Conti (13 August 1717 - 2 August 1776) married Louise Diane d'Orléans and had issue.
 Louis Armand de Bourbon, Duke of Mercœur (19 August 1720 - 13 May 1722) died young. 
 Charles de Bourbon, Count of Alais (5 February 1722- 7 August 1730) died young. 
 Louise Henriette de Bourbon (20 June 1726 –9 February 1759) married Louis Philippe d'Orléans of and had issue.

Titles and styles

22 November 1693 – 9 July 1713 Her Serene Highness  Mademoiselle de Condé 
9 July 1713 – 4 May 1727 Her Serene Highness the Princess of Conti
4 May 1727 – 27 May 1775 Her Serene Highness the Dowager Princess of Conti (Madame la princesse de Conti Douairière or Madame la Princesse de Conti troisième/dernière douairière)

References

1693 births
1775 deaths
People from Versailles
House of Bourbon
Princes and princesses
Lufkin is a city in Texas.

Geography
Lufkin is located at  (31.336874, -94.730374).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which  is land and , or 0.83%, is water.

Lufkin is at the crossroads of East Texas at the intersections of Highways US 59, future Interstate 69, which leads to Houston and the Rio Grande Valley to the south and Nacogdoches and Texarkana to the north, and US 69, which leads from the Golden Triangle of southeast Texas (Port Arthur and Beaumont) to points such as Jacksonville, Tyler, Dallas, and Oklahoma to the north.

Climate

 On average, the warmest month is August.
 The highest recorded temperature was 110 °F in 1909.
 On average, the coolest month is January.
 The lowest recorded temperature was -2 °F in 1930.
 The maximum average precipitation occurs in May.

Regional cities and their distance from Ruston, Louisiana include:

References

Ark-La-Tex
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Samira Denise Wiley (born April 15, 1987) is an American actress. She is an African American who was born in Washington, D.C.. She studied drama at the Juilliard School in New York. She plays Poussey Washington in the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black. In between seasons of Orange Is the New Black, Wiley filmed Rob the Mob.

Other websites 

20th-century births
Actors from Washington, D.C.
African American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Living people
1987 births
Rodney James Alcala (born Rodrigo Jacques Alcala Buquor; August 23, 1943 – July 24, 2021) was an American rapist and serial killer. 

When he was 17, Alcala joined the army. In 1964, he was discharged and was diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. In 1968, he gained a bachelor's degree from UCLA. He committed five murders in California from 1977 to 1979. He was sentenced to death in 2010. He was given an extra sentence of 25 years to life after he pled guilty to two homicides in New York which took place in 1971 and 1977.

Alcala was sometimes called the "Dating Game Killer". During the middle of his murder spree, he appeared on the show in 1978 and won.

Alcala died of natural causes on July 24, 2021 in Corcoran, California at the age of 77.

References

Other websites
 Crime Library: Extreme Serial Killer

1943 births
2021 deaths
American kidnappers
American people convicted of assault
American prisoners sentenced to death
American rapists
American serial killers
Criminals from Texas
People from San Antonio, Texas
People with antisocial personality disorder
People who died in prison custody in the United States
Deaths from natural causes in the United States
WrestleMania XII was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on March 31, 1996 at the Arrowhead Pond in Anaheim, California. It was the twelfth WrestleMania event held by the WWF.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official WrestleMania XII website

1996 in professional wrestling
Sports in California
WrestleMania
1996 in California
March events
Małgorzata Braunek (30 January 1947 – 23 June 2014) was a Polish actress of movies and stage. She won a Best Supporting Actress Award at the Polish Film Awards for her role in Tulipany (2004). She also had roles in movies such as The Third Part of the Night (1971), The Devil (1972) and The Deluge (1974).

Braunek was born in Szamotuły. She graduated from the Ludwik Solski Academy for the Dramatic Arts, Warsaw in 1969. She was married to movie director Andrzej Żuławski. They had a son actor and movie producer, Xawery Żuławski (1971). She was a follower and teacher of Zen Buddhism.

Braunek died from cancer on 23 June 2014, aged 67. She died in either Warsaw or Frankfurt, Germany.

References

Other websites

 
 Małgorzata Braunek at culture.pl

1947 births
2014 deaths
Buddhists
Cancer deaths in Germany
Disease-related deaths in Poland
Polish movie actors
Polish stage actors
Polish television actors
Peter Greste (born 1 December 1965) is a Latvian-Australian journalist. He is best known for his work as a foreign correspondent. From 1991 to 1995, he was based in the United Kingdom, Bosnia and South Africa. During this time, he worked for Reuters, CNN, WTN and the BBC. He eventually worked for Al Jazeera. In May 2012, he won a Peabody Award for his work on the documentary Somalia: Land of Anarchy.

Greste was born in Sydney, New South Wales. Greste's ethnicity is Latvian. He is a dual citizen of Australia and Latvia.

On 29 December 2013, he and other Al Jazeera journalists were arrested in Cairo, Egypt by authorities on terrorism charges relating to the Muslim Brotherhood. On 23 June 2014, Greste was found guilty by the court, and sentenced to seven years jail. United States Secretary of State John Kerry and Australian officials were quick to show support for the jailed journalists.

On 2 February 2015, Greste was released from prison and made to leave Egypt. This was ordered by the President of Egypt, Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, because of a new law which lets the government deport foreign prisoners.

References

Other websites
 

1965 births
Latvian writers
Australian criminals
Australian journalists
Australian prisoners
BBC people
Living people
Peabody Award winners
Writers from Sydney
The Orion complex (sometimes called the Orion  molecular cloud complex) is a huge star-forming area in the constellation of Orion.  

It is a large group of bright nebulae, dark clouds, and young star clusters. The cloud is between 1,500 and 1,600 light-years away and is hundreds of light-years across. Several parts of the nebula can be seen through binoculars and small telescopes. Some parts (such as the Orion nebula) are visible to the naked eye.

The nebula is important because of its sheer size. It is also one of the most active regions of stellar formation that can be seen in the night sky. In it are protoplanetary discs and many very young stars.  The nebula is very bright in the infrared wavelengths due to the heat-intensive processes involved in star formation. The complex contains dark nebulae, emission nebulae, reflection nebulae, and HII regions.

Nebulae in the complex 

The following is a list of notable nebulae in the larger nebula complex:
 The Orion nebula, also known as M42
 M43, which is part of the Orion Nebula
 IC 434, which contains the Horsehead Nebula
 The Horsehead nebula
 Barnard's Loop
 M78, a reflection nebula
 NGC 1999
 NGC 2175
 NGC 2174
 Various Orion molecular clouds
 Flame nebula (NGC 2024)

Also the Orion OB1 Association is part of this complex. This is a group of several dozen hot giant stars of spectral types O and B. These are blue  and blue-white stars.

References

Other websites
Orion Cloud Complex
SEDS website
Clickable table of Messier Objects 
Orion images 

Astronomical objects
Super star clusters
Menemen is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is also the name of a town in that district.

References 

Districts of Turkey
Sara Kristina Widén (9 May 1981 – 13 June 2014) was a Swedish opera singer (soprano). From 2013 until her death, she was starring in productions by the Royal Swedish Opera.

Widén was born in Halmstad, Halland County. Her younger brother Jacob Widén (born 1983) is a member of the punk rock band Neverstore.

Widén died from cancer on 13 June 2014 in Stockholm, aged 33.

References

Other websites

 
 

1981 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in Sweden
Sopranos
Swedish singers
Auferstanden aus Ruinen (German for Risen from Ruins) was the national anthem of East Germany.

History 

In 1949, the Soviet occupation zone of Allied Occupied Germany became a country that was called East Germany. For the anthem, the poet Johannes R. Becher wrote the lyrics. The composer Hanns Eisler wrote the melody.

Lyrics

References 

National anthems
Mario Götze (born 3 June 1992 in Memmingen) is a German footballer. He plays as a midfielder for PSV Eindhoven and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He is considered one of Germany's best talents. He scored the winning goal of the 2014 FIFA World Cup final against Argentina.

International

International statistics

International goals 

 Scores and results table. Germany's goal tally first:

Honours

Club 
 Borussia Dortmund
 Bundesliga: 2010–11, 2011–12
 DFB-Pokal: 2011–12, 2016–17
 DFL-Supercup: 2019

 Bayern Munich
 Bundesliga: 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16
 DFB-Pokal: 2013–14, 2015–16
 UEFA Super Cup: 2013
 FIFA Club World Cup: 2013

International 

 Germany
 FIFA World Cup: 2014
 UEFA European Under-17 Championship: 2009

Individual 

 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship Golden Player: 2009
 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship Team of the tournament: 2009 
 Fritz Walter Medal: U17 Gold Medal 2009
 Fritz Walter Medal: U18 Gold Medal 2010
 Bundesliga Young Player of the Year: 2010–11
 kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2010–11, 2012–13
 Tuttosport Golden Boy: 2011
 Goal of the Month (Germany): July 2014
 Goal of the Year (Germany): 2014
 Silbernes Lorbeerblatt: 2014

References

1992 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
Borussia Dortmund squad
Sportspeople from Bavaria
Ron-Robert Zieler (born 12 February 1989 in Cologne) is a German association football goalkeeper that plays for VfB Stuttgart and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad.

1989 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German association football goalkeepers
People from Cologne
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Sagittarius A (or Sgr A) is a complex radio source at the galactic centre of the Milky Way. It is in the Sagittarius constellation, but hidden from view by large clouds of cosmic dust in the spiral arms of the Milky Way.

It consists of three components: the remains of a supernova  Sagittarius A East, the spiral structure Sagittarius A West, and a very bright compact radio source at the center of the spiral, Sagittarius A*. These three overlap: Sagittarius A East is the largest, West appears off-center within East, and A* is at the centre of West.

Sagittarius A East 
This feature is about 25 light-years wide. It looks like a remnant from a supernova explosion that happened between 35,000 and 100,000 years ago. However, it would take 50 to 100 times more energy than a standard supernova explosion to create a structure of this size and energy. Sgr A East might be the remains of a star that exploded as it was gravitationally squashed approaching the central black hole.

Sagittarius A West 
Sgr A West looks like a three-arm spiral from the point of view of the Earth. Actually it is made of several dust and gas clouds, which orbit and fall onto Sagittarius A* at velocities as high as 1,000 kilometers per second. The surface layer of these clouds is ionized. The source of ionisation is the population of massive stars that also occupy the central parsec of the galaxy. Over hundred such OB stars have been identified so far.

Sagittarius A* 

There is a supermassive black hole at the centre of the galaxy. Sagittarius A* (abbreviated Sgr A*) is the most likely candidate for the position of this central black hole. The Very Large Telescope and Keck Telescope detected stars orbiting Sgr A* at speeds greater than any other stars in the galaxy. One star, S2, orbits Sgr A* at speeds of over 5,000 kilometers per second at its closest approach.

A gas cloud is expected to collide with the black hole in 2014 and provide additional information.

References 

Astronomical objects
Rafael Antonio Caldera Rodríguez (; 24 January 1916 – 24 December 2009), twice elected President of Venezuela, served for two five-year terms (1969-1974 and 1994-1999), becoming the longest serving democratically elected leader to govern the country in the twentieth century.
 
Widely acknowledged as one of the founders of Venezuela’s democratic system, the main architect of the 1961 Constitution, and a pioneer of the Christian Democratic movement in Latin America, Caldera helped forge an unprecedented period of civilian democratic rule in a country beleaguered by a history of political violence and military caudillos.

His leadership established Venezuela’s reputation as one of the more stable democracies in Latin America during the second half of the twentieth century.

After graduating with a degree in law and political science from Central University of Venezuela in 1939, Caldera embarked on a 70-year long career that combined political, intellectual and academic activities.

References

Other websites
  Rafael Caldera  — Official biography.
  Rafael Caldera  — Biography from National Convergence webpage.
 Speeches and Biography
 Extended bio by CIDOB Foundation

1916 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Presidents of Venezuela
Cai-Göran Alexander Stubb (born 1 April 1968 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politician. He became Prime Minister of Finland on 24 June 2014. He became the Leader of the National Coalition Party on 14 June 2014.

References

Other websites

 Alexander Stubb on Twitter
 Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Minister for Foreign Affairs, Alexander Stubb
 College of Europe website

1968 births
Living people
Former MEPs
Politicians from Helsinki
Prime Ministers of Finland
MEPs for Finland