cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ice Age: The Meltdown (also called Ice Age 2: The Meltdown or simply known as Ice Age 2) is an American 2006 animated comedy drama epic movie and is the second film in the Ice Age series. It was produced by Lori Forte and Chris Wedge. It was directed by Carlos Saldanha.

The movie was released on March 31, 2006. Despite receiving mixed reviews from film critics, the film was positively welcomed from audience who praised its animation, humor, characters, emotional weight, soundtrack, action scenes, character development, and the visuals.

This movie is the first sequel to the 2002 movie, Ice Age. The other three sequels are: Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs (2009), Ice Age: Continental Drift (2012), and Ice Age: Collision Course (2016). The first sequel to this movie was even more positively welcomed from audience who often calls it the best Ice Age movie, the second one is called good, but not like the previous films while the fifth is hated by both film critics and audience.

Cast
The characters are all prehistoric animals. The animals can talk to and understand each other.

Ray Romano as Manny, a woolly mammoth 
Denis Leary as Diego, a Saber-tooth tiger
John Leguizamo as Sid, a giant ground sloth
Queen Latifah as Ellie, a woolly mammoth
Seann William Scott as Crash, an opossum
Josh Peck as Eddie, an opossum
Jay Leno as Fast Tony, a giant armadillo
Tom Fahn as Stu, a armadillo-like animal
Alan Tudyk as Cholly, a large mammal
Rodger Bumpass, Paul Eiding, Carole Jeghers, Danny Mann, Phil Proctor, Steve Susskind, Brian Tochi, and Jim Ward as Various Mammals
Jack Angel as Male Ox
Bob Bergen as Male Start
Bill Farmer as Male Elk
Jan Rabson as Male Glyptodon
Sherry Lynn as Female Diatryma

Release Dates

References

Other websites
Ice Age: The Meltdown's Official website 

2006 movies
2006 animated movies
2006 computer-animated movies
Sequel movies
American comedy movies
American animated movies
Movies about animals
Movies set in prehistory
20th Century Fox movies
Ice Age (franchise)
Rio, originally called Rio: The Movie, is a 2011 computer-animated comedy movie that was produced by Chris Jenkins and Bruce Anderson and was directed by Carlos Saldanha. Rio was released on April 8, 2011, in Brazil and on April 15, 2011, in North America. A sequel, titled Rio 2, was released on April 11, 2014.

Release Dates

Plot
Rio tells about the life of a blue macaw named Blu. He is trapped in a jungle near Rio de Janeiro when he was just a baby, and brought to the United States. Then Linda, an American, always takes care of him, until one day Tulio advises Blu that he is the last of his species, and he has to return to Brazil to meet Jewel, a female of his kind. The two macaws and several friends try to have Blu and Jewel fall in love so their species will survive, while they overcome some obstacles such as bird smugglers and the fact that Blu can not fly until the end of the movie. However, in the end, Blu can fly and rescues Jewel from falling from a plane.

Cast
Jesse Eisenberg as Blu
Anne Hathaway as Jewel
George Lopez as Rafael
Jemaine Clement as Nigel
Jake T. Austin as Fernando
Bernardo de Paula as Sylvio
Leslie Mann as Linda
Tracy Morgan as Luiz
will.i.am as Pedro
Jamie Foxx as Nico

References

Other websites
Rio's official website

2011 animated movies
2011 comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies about animals
Jungle movies
Multilingual movies
American animated movies
Movies set in South America
American comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
American University is a private, Methodist university in Washington, D.C.. The university has about 9,940 students. It was founded in 1893. The current president of the university is former U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia Mathews Burwell since June 2017.

Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Eagles. They have 9 varsity teams and they compete in the Patriot League.

Other websites
American University's Official website
American Eagles' Official athletics website 

Patriot League
Colleges and universities in the District of Columbia
1893 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Washington, D.C.
Alborz (also written Alburz, Elburz or Elborz), is a mountain range in northern Iran. Its borders start  at Azerbaijan and Armenia in the northwest of Iran and reach to the  southern  end of the Caspian Sea. The mountain range ends  in the east at the borders of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan.

Tehran, the capital of Iran is at the foot of the Alborz mountain range.

Mount Damavand, the tallest mountain in the Middle East, is located in this mountain range.

Other websites

Geography of Iran
Youthanasia is a CD released by the thrash metal band, Megadeth. The album was a success in Canada. The CD went gold in under 30 minutes.

Track Listing

Megadeth albums
1994 albums
Lancia is an Italian automobile manufacturer. It was established in 1906. It has been owned by Fiat since 1969.

Current models 
 Lancia Ypsilon
 Lancia Musa
 Lancia Delta

Historic models 
 Lancia Beta
 Lancia Dedra
 Lancia Kappa
 Lancia Lybra
 Lancia Phedra
 Lancia Prisma
 Lancia Thema
 Lancia Thesis
 Lancia Zeta

Other websites

 Official homepage

 
Italian automobile companies
1906 establishments in Europe
1900s establishments in Italy
Stephanie Freifrau von und zu Guttenberg (born 24 November 1976 in Munich), née Stephanie Gräfin von Bismarck-Schönhausen (Countess of Bismarck-Schönhausen), is a German activist against child abuse, and the President of Innocence in Danger, a group which wants Internet censorship of child pornography.  She has also co-written a book about these topics.

She is the wife of Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, the former German Minister of Defence. A member of the Bismarck family, she is the great-great-granddaughter of Chancellor Prince Otto Bismarck and great-granddaughter of Foreign Secretary Herbert, Prince of Bismarck. She is also a descendant of Robert Whitehead, the inventor of the torpedo, and diplomat Alexander, Count of Hoyos.

She got a degree in business administration and textile engineering (Fashion Business Management) from the private academy Fachakademie für Textil & Schuhe in Nagold, and has worked during her schooling for several textile companies.

On 12 February 2000, she married Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, whom she had met when attending Love Parade in Berlin in 1995. They have two daughters, born in 2001 and 2002.

Activism 
She has been President of the German section of Innocence in Danger, an organisation combating child abuse and lobbying for Internet censorship of child pornography.

In September 2010, she published the book Schaut nicht weg! Was wir gegen sexuellen Missbrauch tun müssen, co-written with Anne-Ev Ustorf.

She accompanied her husband when visiting the troops in Afghanistan in December 2010, which drew some criticism from the opposition.

On 24 January 2011, Stephanie zu Guttenberg became Patron of the Deutsche Multiple Sklerose Gesellschaft in Bavaria.

Awards 
 2010: "Ehrenpreis für Kampf gegen Kindesmissbrauch", Deutscher Kinderpreis, World Vision Deutschland.

Publications 
 Stephanie zu Guttenberg, Anne-Ev Ustorf, Schaut nicht weg!, Verlag Kreuz, 2010,

References 

1976 births
Living people
Anti-pornography activists
German nobility
People from Munich
The Bismarck herring is pickled fresh, filleted Baltic herring, traditionally packed in small wooden barrels.

Johann Wiechmann had a store in Stralsund, Germany, and his wife Karoline prepared the herring for sale.  Wiechmann admired Otto von Bismarck and sent a barrel on Bismarck's birthday.  When the German Empire was created Wiechmann  sent a second barrel but this time asked to name the herrings after him.  Bismarck agreed, and the original recipe Bismarck herring were sold up until the end of World War II, and revived in 1997 in Stralsund.

References

Edible fish
Dishes named after people
German food
Dot Jones (born on January 4, 1964 as Dorothy-Marie Jones) is an athlete and actress who has had multiple roles in television. She played Shannon Beiste in Glee.

Dot was born in Turlock, California and moved to Hilmar, where she grew up. When she was in middle school, she became very tall very fast. This made her back hurt, so she started exercising by lifting weights to strengthen the muscles. By high school, she was very good at lifting weights and won contests. She was named the school's female athlete of the year. When she was 19, she tried arm wrestling, and was very good at it. She won the world championship 15 times.

After she graduated high school, Dot went to Modesto Junior College, and then California State University, where she kept playing sports. She got a scholarship for track, which paid for her classes. She played softball and the track sport shot put and set records in the sport. After college, Dot worked with troubled children at the Fresno County Juvenile Probation center while continuing her involvement with sports.

Dot, who had never thought of acting, was seen at a bodybuilding contest by Shirley Eson, who was on the TV show American Gladiators. Shirley said Dot should try out for the show Knights and Warriors, which was like American Gladiators. Dot got the part.

After Knights and Warriors ended, Dot acted in other shows, such as Full House, Roseanne, Chicago Hope, Lizzie McGuire, The Suite Life of Zack and Cody, iCarly and Desperate Housewives. Dot was well known for playing Coach Kelly on Lizzie McGuire. Dot is friends with Ryan Murphy, a man who helped create the TV show Glee. Dot is a fan of the show and asked if she could be in it. Ryan created the character Coach Beiste for her.

References

Other websites
 

American television actors
Sportspeople from California
Actors from Stanislaus County, California
1964 births
Living people
Scott Kevin Walker (born November 2, 1967) is an American Republican politician. He was the 45th Governor of Wisconsin from 2011 to 2019. He was a two-term Governor, elected in 2010 and 2014, but losing in 2018 to Tony Evers.

Early life
Walker was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado. His family moved to Plainfield, Iowa and later to Delavan, Wisconsin. He studied at Marquette University, but did not graduate.

Early career
Walker began his political career in the Wisconsin State Assembly, serving from 1993–2002.  After the 2002 resignation of Tom Ament as Executive of Milwaukee County, Walker won the special election to fill the seat, which he held from 2002 to 2010.

Governor of Wisconsin (2011-2019)
Walker was elected governor of Wisconsin in 2010, defeating the Democratic nominee, Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett.

After being sworn into office in 2011, Walker introduced a budget repair plan which limited many collective bargaining powers for most public employees. The legislation led to significant protests at the Wisconsin State Capitol and an effort to recall Walker.

In June 2012, Walker faced Barrett in Wisconsin's only gubernatorial recall election. After emerging as the winner, Walker became the only governor in the U.S. to date to win a gubernatorial recall election.

He lost his third re-election bid to Tony Evers on November 7, 2018 by one percent.

Personal life
Walker married Tonette Tarantino in 1993. Together, they have 2 children.

2016 presidential campaign

Walker has been seen by many as a potential candidate for the GOP's nomination in the 2016 presidential election. He formed a 527 organization in January of 2015. On June 18, 2015 Walker took a further step towards a presidential campaign when he established a "testing-the-waters" federal campaign committee.

Walker announced his presidential campaign on July 13, 2015 on his Twitter account. On September 21 2015, Walker suspended his campaign after low polling numbers.

References

Other websites

 Scott Walker for Governor campaign website
 2011 State Budget Battle, collected coverage at the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel of the budget repair bill and the 2011–13 state budget

1967 births
Living people
American Evangelicals
Governors of Wisconsin
People from Colorado Springs, Colorado
Politicians from Colorado
2016 United States presidential candidates
US Republican Party politicians
State legislators of the United States
Andrew Mark Cuomo (born December 6, 1957) is an American politician. He was the 56th Governor of New York from 2011 to 2021.

He was 64th New York State Attorney General and the 11th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under Bill Clinton. 

He was born in Queens. His father Mario Cuomo was also Governor of New York and Andrew worked for him. 

Cuomo has promoted several policies such as legalizing same-sex marriage, tough laws against guns, allowing businesses not to pay taxes for some time in some parts of the state, continuing the moratorium (delay) on hydraulic fracturing for extracting (taking out) petroleum and natural gas, he started the United States Climate Alliance, a group of states intending to stop climate change by following the terms of the Paris Climate Accords and pro-immigration policies.

He was reelected governor in 2014 and 2018. In 2020, he became well known across the country over his leadership and handling over the COVID-19 pandemic in New York. However, his administration was accused of cover-up the actual number of COVID-related deaths in nursing homes. 

From late 2020, many of Cuomo's former secretaries and assistants have accused him of sexual harassment. In August 2021, an investigation found that Cuomo did sexually harass multiple women during his time as governor. On August 10, 2021, Cuomo announced that he would resign as governor. He resigned on August 24 and was replaced by Kathy Hochul, the lieutenant governor of New York.

References

1957 births
Living people
Politicians from New York City
US Democratic Party politicians
United States Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development
Governors of New York
American Roman Catholics
Patrick Joseph "Pat" Quinn III (born December 16, 1948), is an American politician. He was the Governor of Illinois from 2009 to 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was Lieutenant Governor of Illinois from 2003 to 2009. He lost re-election in 2014 to Bruce Rauner.

Early life
Quinn was born on December 16, 1948 in Hinsdale, Illinois. He is of Irish descent. He studied at Georgetown University and at Northwestern University.

Career
He became Governor on January 29, 2009 when Rod Blagojevich, the state's earlier Governor, was impeached and thrown out of office. He praised the Illinois General Assembly for Blagojevich's impeachment.

He was elected into office during the 2010 gubernatorial election. He defeated Republican Bill Brady.

As governor he faced severe short-term budget shortfalls and a long-term state debt, all in the context of the worst national economic slump since the Great Depression of the 1930s. 

Quinn has pushed for spending cuts and tax increases, while trying to raise ethical standards, protect public-sector labor unions, and maintain environmental standards.

In November 2014, Quinn lost his re-election campaign to Republican Bruce Rauner.

On October 27, 2017, Quinn announced his candidacy for Attorney General of Illinois.

Personal life  
Quinn is divorced and has two sons, Patrick IV and David, born on April 12, 1983, and December 16, 1984, respectively. Quinn was briefly a practicing tax attorney before his career in public office.

References

Other websites

1948 births
Living people
Lawyers from Chicago
Lieutenant Governors of Illinois
Governors of Illinois
People from Hinsdale, Illinois
US Democratic Party politicians
Salt is a 2010 action thriller spy movie that was produced by Lorenzo di Bonaventura and Sunil Perkash and was directed by Phillip Noyce. The movie was released on July 23, 2010. The movie received mixed to positive reviews with a 61% on Rotten Tomatoes which is fresh and a 65% out of 100 from Metacritic. It is set in North Korea, New York City and Washington, D.C.

Cast 
Angelina Jolie as Evelyn Salt
Liev Schreiber as Ted Winter
August Diehl as Michael Krause
Daniel Olbrychski as Orlov
Olek Krupa as Russian President Boris Matveyev
Chiwetel Ejiofor as Peabody
Hunt Block as American President Howard Lewis
Corey Stoll as Shnaider

Release Dates

Other websites 
Salt's official website
 
 

2010 thriller movies
2010s action thriller movies
2010 mystery movies
2010s spy movies
American action thriller movies
American spy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in South Korea
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in Washington, D.C.
Movies set in North Korea

Movies directed by Phillip Noyce
Multilingual movies
Australia Day is a public holiday held on 26 January every year in Australia. It is celebrated to remember the day that the First Fleet landed in Australia. On 26 January 1788 British people landed at Sydney Cove and began a British convict settlement.

Disputes
Some people do not believe that Australia Day should be celebrated on this date.  For example, some indigenous Australians call the date Invasion Day or Survival Day because it was the day that their native land was invaded.

Arrival of the First Fleet 

On 13 May 1787, 11 ships were sent from Great Britain to Australia. The ships carried mostly prisoners to Australia where many were going to be living the rest of their lives. The ships were led by Captain Arthur Phillip, who was later promoted to an Admiral.

References

National Days
Day, Australia
Laverne & Shirley was an American situation comedy which aired from January 1976 to May 1983 on ABC. Penny Marshall played Laverne; Cindy Williams played Shirley. The series was set between 1959 and 1967 and was made under Paramount Television.

American sitcoms
Television spin-offs
ABC network shows
1976 television series debuts
1983 television series endings
English-language television programs
Carole Penny Marshall (October 15, 1943 – December 17, 2018) was an American actress, producer and director. She starred as Laverne in the sitcom Laverne & Shirley from 1976 to 1983. Marshall directed many movies, including Awakenings, A League of Their Own, and Big.

From 1971 to 1981, she was married to actor and director Rob Reiner. Her brother was director Garry Marshall. She was born in The Bronx, New York City.

Marshall died on December 17, 2018 in Los Angeles, California from heart failure complicated from diabetes and heart disease, aged 75.

References

1943 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
American voice actors
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from heart failure
Screenwriters from New York City
American television writers
Adventureland is a 2009 American romantic comedy-drama movie. It is set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in summer 1987. It was produced by Sidney Kimmel, Anne Carey and Ted Hope. It was written and directed by Greg Mottola. Adventureland was released on April 3, 2009 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with a 88% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 76 out of 100 from Metacritic.

Cast 
 Jesse Eisenberg as James Brennan
 Kristen Stewart as Emily "Em" Lewin
 Ryan Reynolds as Mike Connell
 Martin Starr as Joel
 Matt Bush as Tommy Frigo
 Margarita Levieva as Lisa P.
 Bill Hader as Bobby
 Kristen Wiig as Paulette
 Mary Birdsong-Covey as Francy
 Josh Pais as Mr. Lewin
 Jack Gilpin as Mr. Brennan
 Wendie Malick as Mrs. Brennan

Other websites 
Adventureland's official website 
 
 

2009 comedy-drama movies
2009 romance movies
2000s romantic comedy movies
2000s romantic drama movies
2000s teen comedy movies
2000s teen drama movies
2000s teen romance movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Pennsylvania
Movies set in the 1980s
Pittsburgh in fiction
Shakespeare in Love is a 1998 British-American romantic comedy-drama movie starring Gwyneth Paltrow, Ben Affleck and Judi Dench. It won 7 Academy Awards, including Best Picture of 1998. This movie is about the involvement of William Shakespeare in a serious love affair with Viola (played by Paltrow).

Release dates

Other websites 

1998 romance movies
1998 comedy-drama movies
1990s romantic comedy movies
1990s romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
Best Picture Oscar
British comedy-drama movies
British romantic comedy movies
British romantic drama movies
English-language movies
Hidayet "Hedo" Türkoğlu (born March 19, 1979 in Gaziosmanpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey) is a Turkish basketball player. He was drafted by the Sacramento Kings with the 16th pick in the 1st round of the 2000 NBA Draft. He has also played with the Sacramento Kings from 2000 to 2003, San Antonio Spurs from 2003 to 2004, Orlando Magic from 2004 to 2009, Toronto Raptors from 2009 to 2010, Phoenix Suns in 2010 and currently the Orlando Magic since 2010 when he was traded to the Magic in 2010 along with Jason Richardson and Earl Clark for Vince Carter, Marcin Gortat, Mickaël Piétrus, a 2011 first-round draft pick and $3 million.

Other websites 
 Hedo Türkoğlu's NBA player profile

Turkish basketball players
Orlando Magic players
Phoenix Suns players
Sacramento Kings players
San Antonio Spurs players
Toronto Raptors players
1979 births
Living people
Los Angeles Clippers players
People from Istanbul
is a Japanese prefecture in the Chūgoku region of the island of Honshu. The capital city is Hiroshima.

History 
The area of Bingo Province and Aki Province were merged in Hiroshima Prefecture.

Hiroshima is a traditional center of the Chūgoku region and was the seat of the Mōri clan until the Battle of Sekigahara.

Hiroshima is home to two UNESCO World Heritage sites:
 Atomic Dome in Hiroshima, one of the few remnants of prewar Hiroshima following the atomic bombing in 1945
 Itsukushima Shrine in Miyajima, famed for appearing to "float" during high tide

Geography 
Hiroshima faces Shikoku across the Seto Inland Sea. Hiroshima Bay opens on the Inland Sea.  The prefecture also includes many small islands.

Yamaguchi Prefecture is to the south and west of the prefecture Shimane Prefecture is to the northwest.  East of Hiroshima is Okayama Prefecture.

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 4% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
Itsukushima jinja is the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Sanfrecce Hiroshima
 Hiroshima Toyo Carp

References

Other websites

 ; 
 National Archives of Japan  ... Hiroshima map (1891) 
 National Archives of Japan:  Itsukushima kakei, illustrated scroll describing Itsukushima, text by Kaibara Ekiken (circa 1720)
is a prefecture in the Tōhoku region of Japan. It is on the island of Honshu. The capital city is Morioka.

History 
The area of Iwate was part of Mutsu Province.

In 1869, Mutsu was split into five new provinces: Rikuōku, Rikuchū, Rikuzen, Iwashiro and Iwaki.  The first three of these together known as the "Three Riku", or Sanriku.

The new provinces were abolished in July 1871.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. Maps of Japan and Mutsu Province were changed in the 1870s.

Geography
Iwate is the second largest prefecture after Hokkaido.

The prefecture is in the Tōhoku region of Honshū island. It has the island's easternmost point.  The eastern coastline faces the Pacific Ocean.  Iwate shares its northern border with Aomori Prefecture.  The western border meets Akita Prefecture.  Its southern border is shared with Miyagi Prefecture.

Cities

National Parks
National parks cover about 5% of the total land area of the prefecture. They include:
 Towada-Hachimantai National Park
 Rikuchu Kaigan National Park

Shrines and temples
Tsutsukowake jinja is the main Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of the prefecture.

The Buddhist temples of Hiraizumi include Chūson-ji and Mōtsū-ji. Hiraizumi was added to the World Heritage List in June 2011.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Iwate Museum of Art

References

Other websites
 http://www.pref.iwate.jp/info.rbz?ik=1&nd=4334 ;
The Williams' bon chretien pear, commonly called the Williams pear, or Bartlett pear in the U.S. and Canada, is the most commonly grown variety of pear in most countries outside Asia.

It is a summer pear, not as tolerant of cold as some varieties. It is often eaten raw, but holds its shape well when baked, and is a common choice for canned or other processed pear uses.

History

The Williams pear is thought to date from 1765 to 1770 from the yard of an Aldermaston, England, schoolmaster named Mr. Stair or Mr. Wheeler, giving rise to the now-obscure names Aldermaston pear and Stairs pear. A nurseryman named Williams later acquired the variety, and introducing it to the rest of England, which is why the pear became known as the Williams Pear. However, the pear's full name is Williams' Bon Chretien, or "Williams' good Christian." 

In 1799 James Carter imported several Williams trees into the United States, and they were planted on the grounds of Thomas Brewer in Roxbury, Massachusetts.  The Massachusetts estate was later acquired by Enoch Bartlett of Dorchester, Massachusetts. Unaware of their origin, Bartlett named the pears after himself and introduced the variety into the United States. It was not realized that Bartlett and Williams Pears were the same until 1828, when new trees arrived from Europe.  By that time the Bartlett variety had become vastly popular in the United States, and they are still generally known as Bartlett pears in the U.S. and Canada, although there are about 150 other names worldwide.

Pear Tree

Pear trees are typically in production for an average of 50 to 75 years, although some trees still produce fruit after 100 years.
Height: 15–20 ft with slightly less spread. 
Flowers: White flowers grouped in a corymb. 
Blooming Time: April - May. 
Fruit & Seeds: Large, golden yellow skin, brownish red blush, classic shape with smooth, white flesh. Harvest from mid-August to mid-September. But depends on which side of the earths hemisphere the plant has been placed for harvest time. 
Leaves: The leaves are simple, glossy green leaves that alternate on the twig. They grow up to 3" long, are thick with slight midrib curves folding the edges inwards. They have fine teeth on the margin. 
Elevation: 1000 - 5000 Feet. 
Habitat: Orchards and landscaping.

Production and uses

U.S. Pear production

In 1985, the pear represented 80% of U.S. pear production, and in 2004, it represented 50% of reported pear production, displaced primarily by the continuing growth of d'Anjou and Bosc pears, both winter pears more tolerant of cold than the Bartlett.

"A Canning Tradition"

While more pears are sold fresh in the U.S. than processed, Bartlett pears are the primary choice for canned halves, puree, and most pear juice and nectar in the U.S., comprising about two thirds of Bartlett production. Bartletts are traditionally known as the canning pear due to their "definitive flavor and sweetness," making them well-suited for many forms of processing.

Poire Williams

The Williams pear is used in making Poire Williams, a colourless brandy.

Notes

Pears
Dishes named after people
United States Tennis Association' (USTA) is the organization that controls tennis at the national level in the United States. It is a non-profit private organization formed in 1881 to standardize the rules of tennis. It is affiliated with the International Tennis Federation, which is the international governing body of tennis.

At present USTA has more than 700,000 members. Its aim is to promote and develop the game of tennis and to develop better infrastructure for tennis. The USTA runs the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center which hosts the U.S. Open, the last grand slam of the year.

References

Tennis in the United States
Tennis organisations
Non-profit organizations of New York
1881 establishments in the United States
Kriol is one of the languages spoken in Central America, mainly in Belize. It is not an official language but is spoken by about half a million people. Kriol is based on English and is similar to other Creole languages, like Miskito Coastal Creole, and Jamaican Patois.

History 
Kriol is based mainly on English but is also influenced by other languages too, like the Native American language Misikito. It's also influenced by West African languages brought in by slaves, like Akan, Efik, Ewe, Fula, Ga, Hausa, Igbo, Kikongo and Wolof.

There are some theories about the way Creole languages form, but one of them is that it was because of contact with English landowners and their slaves, and Kriol was created to make sure they could communicate at least a little bit.

Today, Kriol is the first or second language of most of the people living in Belize, and a lot of them speak English as well.

References

Languages of North America
Belize
The red-shouldered macaw (Diopsittaca nobilis) is a species of parrot. There are three sub-species. They are green with red shoulder flashes. 
 
The birds are sometimes sold as pets. The are smaller than most macaws, and bond well with humans. They are intelligent birds, so many people keep them as companion animals. They are from South America, and eat fruits, nuts, and seeds.

It is native to the tropical lowlands, savannah, and swamplands of Venezuela, the Guianas, Bolivia and Brazil. It has two distinct subspecies, the noble macaw and Hahn's macaw.

The red-shouldered macaw nests in a hole in a tree. There are usually three or four white eggs in a clutch. The female incubates the eggs for about 24 to 26 days, and the chicks fledge from the nest about 54 days after hatching.

References

True parrots
Arm wrestling is a sport with two players. Each player places one arm, either the right or left, on a surface, with their elbows bent and touching the surface, and they grip each other's hand. The goal is to pin the other's arm onto the surface, with the winner's arm over the loser's arm.

Description
Many things can play a part in a player's success in arm wrestling. Skill and overall arm strength are the two greatest contributing things to winning an arm wrestling match. Other things such as the length of an arm wrestler's arm, his/her muscle and arm mass/density, hand grip size, wrist endurance and flexibility, reaction time, as well as countless other traits, can add to the advantages of one arm wrestler over another. It is sometimes used to prove who is stronger between two or more people.

Some people arm wrestle in contests. In the United States of America, contests are held by the United States Armwrestling Federation, also called the USAF. The World Armwrestling Federation, also called the WAF, has more than 85 member countries.

Avoiding injury 

Arm wrestling puts enormous pressure/twist on the upper arm's humerus bone to a degree seen in few other physical activities. Most people's bones are not used to being so stressed in this way, and injuries can occur surprisingly easily. The arm typically fails because of a diagonal break at or below the midpoint between the shoulder and the elbow.

The natural tendency of an inexperienced arm wrestler is to push the hand, wrist, and shoulder in the same coordinated direction, against the force being applied by the opponent. This is how we throw a baseball or hit a tennis ball.

However, turning one's shoulder this way simply adds to the pressure already being applied to the humerus by the opponent. US Arm Sports advises of the danger of "letting your shoulder get inside your hand." It is better to pivot your shoulders so that you never look away from your hand.

If the tendons and ligaments are too weak to support the pressure, the muscles can cause a complete tendon blow (pop). However, tendons can be strengthened with many methods. When tendons are in pain, they require blood so they can heal faster. Doctors and arm wrestlers recommend doing rehabilitation training or therapy, exercising with light weights and many repetitions for 30 - 45 minutes non-stop to pump the blood into arms. Tendons can get bigger with time, though it is a very slow process. Experienced arm wrestlers can have tendons 3 to 4 times bigger than average people.

Notes

The Ultimate Armwrestling League is the ONLY league for Armwrestling in the United States.
MYARMTV is the largest source of Armwrestling videos in the world.

Other websites 

WORLD ARMWRESTLING FEDERATION (WAF)
Asian Armwrestling Federation (AAF)(Facebook)
European Armwrestling Federation (EAF)
United States Armwrestling Federation
The Ultimate Armwrestling League
Arm Wrestling World Wide 

Wrestling
You Can't Take It With You is a 1938 comedy movie that was produced by Frank Capra and was also directed by Frank Capra. The movie was released on August 23, 1938 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with Rotten Tomatoes giving the movie a 96% which is certified "fresh". The movie also won two Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director for Frank Capra.

Cast 
Jean Arthur as Alice Sycamore
Lionel Barrymore as Grandpa Martin Vanderhof
James Stewart as Tony Kirby
Edward Arnold as Anthony P. Kirby
Mischa Auer as Boris Kolenkhov
Ann Miller as Essie Carmichael
Spring Byington as Penny Sycamore
Samuel S. Hinds as Paul Sycamore
Donald Meek as Poppins
H. B. Warner as Ramsey
Halliwell Hobbes as DePinna
Dub Taylor as Ed Carmichael
Mary Forbes as Mrs. Anthony P. Kirby
Lillian Yarbo as Rheba
Eddie Anderson as Donald
Charles Lane as Wilbur G. Henderson
Harry Davenport as the Night Court Judge
Ian Wolfe as A.P. Kirby's secretary (uncredited)
Ward Bond as detective (uncredited)
Arthur Murray (uncredited)

Other websites 
You Can't Take It With You at TMC Movie Database 

1938 movies
American romantic comedy movies
1930s comedy movies
1930s romance movies
Best Picture Oscar
Movies directed by Frank Capra
It Happened One Night is a 1934 comedy movie that was produced by Frank Capra and Harry Cohn and was directed by Frank Capra. The movie was released on February 22, 1934 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with Rotten Tomatoes giving the movie a 97% which is certified "fresh". The movie also won all five of the major Academy Awards (Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress, and Screenplay), making it the first movie to do so.

Cast 
Clark Gable as Peter Warne
Claudette Colbert as Ellie Andrews
Walter Connolly as Alexander Andrews
Roscoe Karns as Oscar Shapeley
Jameson Thomas as "King" Westley
Alan Hale as Danker
Arthur Hoyt as Zeke
Blanche Friderici as Zeke's wife
Charles C. Wilson as Joe Gordon

Other websites 
It Happened One Night at TMC Movie Database
 
 

1934 movies
1930s romance movies
1930s comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
Academy Award winning movies
United States National Film Registry movies
Best Picture Oscar
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies directed by Frank Capra
Adam David Vernon Foote (born July 10, 1971 in Whitby, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman that played 20 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) most notably with the Quebec Nordiques/Colorado Avalanche organizations. Foote played his last NHL game on April 10, 2011 with the Avalanche in a 4-3 OT win and was awarded the first star of the game. He won a gold medal with Team Canada in the 2002 Winter Olympics.

Other websites
 
 

1971 births
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Colorado Avalanche players
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Quebec Nordiques players
American Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
Clay County is a county of the US state of Alabama.   As of 2010 the population was 13,932.  Its county seat is Ashland and it is a prohibition or dry county.

History
Clay County was formed on December 7, 1866 from land taken from Randolph and Talladega County. Its name is in honor of Henry Clay, famous American statesman, member of the United States Senate from Kentucky and United States Secretary of State.  Clay County is one of only three counties in Alabama to have no U.S. Highways in its boundaries.

During the Desert Shield/Storm conflict, Clay County had more soldiers serving per capita than any other county in the United States.

Geography
According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of .  (or 99.85%) is land and  (or 0.15%) is water.

Major highways
 State Route 9
 State Route 48
 State Route 49
 State Route 77

Rail
CSX Transportation
Norfolk Southern Railway

Border counties
Cleburne County, Alabama – north
Randolph County, Alabama – east
Tallapoosa County, Alabama – south
Coosa County, Alabama – southwest
Talladega County, Alabama – west

National protected area
Talladega National Forest (part)

Cities and towns
Ashland
Lineville

Notable natives
Hugo Black (1886–1971), born in Harlan, served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1937 until 1971
LaFayette L. Patterson (1888–1987), born near Delta, served three terms in the U.S. Congress from 1928 to 1933
Byron Lavoy Cockrell (1935–2007), born in Lineville, rocket scientist and engineer
Bob Riley (b. 1944), Alabama's 52nd governor, native of Ashland

Places of interest
Clay County is home to parts of Cheaha State Park in the Talladega National Forest and Lake Wedowee on the eastern boundary. The Pinhoti Trail system  weaves its way through the Talladega National Forest to Mt. Cheaha, the highest point in Alabama. Hikers along the trail may see some of the local wildlife, including whitetail deer, wild turkey, and the rare bald eagle.

References

Alabama counties
1866 establishments in Alabama
Clay County is a county in Florida.  Its county seat is Green Cove Springs.

Florida counties
1858 establishments in Florida
Elizabeth Téa Pantaleoni (born February 25, 1966), better known by her stage name Téa Leoni, is an American actress. She has starred many movies. These include: Bad Boys, Deep Impact, The Family Man, Jurassic Park III, Fun with Dick and Jane, Spanglish, Ghost Town and Tower Heist.

Leoni separated from her husband, David Duchovny, in 2011.

Other websites 

Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
1966 births
Living people
Clay County is a county in Georgia. Its county seat is Fort Gaines.

1854 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
All Quiet on the Western Front is a 1930 American war movie that was produced by Carl Laemmle, Jr. It was  directed by Lewis Milestone. The movie was released on April 21, 1930 in North America. The movie received positive reviews.  Rotten Tomatoes gives the movie a 97% which is certified "fresh". The movie also won two Academy Awards for "Best Picture" and "Best Director" for Lewis Milestone. The movie is also ranked #54 on the AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies list. The movie is based after the novel, All Quiet on the Western Front.

Cast 
Richard Alexander as Westhus
Ben Alexander as Franz Kemmerich
Lew Ayres as Paul Bäumer
William Bakewell as Albert Kropp
Edmund Breese as Herr Meyer
G. Pat Collins as Lieutenant Bertinck
Owen Davis, Jr. as Peter
Russell Gleason as Müller
Harold Goodwin as Detering
Scott Kolk as Leer
Arnold Lucy as Professor Kantorek
Beryl Mercer as Mrs. Bäumer, Paul's mother
Walter E. Rogers as Behn
Slim Summerville as Tjaden
Louis Wolheim as Stanislaus Katczinsky
John Wray as Himmelstoss
Arthur Gardner as Student

Other websites 
 
 
 

1930 movies
1930s war movies
Academy Award winning movies
American drama movies
American war movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
United States National Film Registry movies
Universal Pictures movies
World War I movies
Movies directed by Lewis Milestone
The Eared Dove,  Zenaida auriculata, is a New World tropical dove. It is seen throughout South America from Colombia to southern Argentina and Chile, and on the offshore islands from the Grenadines southwards. It appears to be partly migratory, but it may only be when it needs more food. When it lays its eggs, it builds a small stick nest several meters up in a tree.

It is a close relative of the North American Mourning Dove.

References 

Doves
The Socorro dove (Zenaida graysoni) is a dove that was endemic to Socorro Island on the west coast of Mexico. The last bird was seen there in 1972. For this reason, IUCN has classified the species as extinct in the wild. In captivity, there are not more than about 200 and probably fewer than 100 purebred birds. Because of this, a reintroduction program is being prepared.

It is a close relative of the mourning and eared doves. It was at one time considered a subspecies of the mourning dove.

References

Sources
 BirdLife International (BLI) (2007). Socorro Dove-BirdLife Species Factsheet . Retrieved 2007-NOV-24.
 Johnson, Kevin P. & Clayton, Dale H. (2000). A Molecular Phylogeny of the Dove Genus Zenaida: Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA sequences. Condor 102(4): 864–870. PDF fulltext 
 Schmechel, Ria (2006). Socorro Dove  at World Associations of Zoos and Aquariums. Retrieved 2015-JAN-27.

Doves
Sean Bergenheim (born February 8, 1984 in Helsinki, Finland) is a professional Finnish ice hockey left winger that currently plays for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted by the New York Islanders with the 22nd overall pick in the 2002 NHL Draft.

He also played with the New York Islanders for 7 seasons before signing a one-year contract with the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 2009–10 offseason. He played for the Lightning for 1 season and was signed to a four-year contract worth $11 million with the Florida Panthers. He played in the FNL for Jokerit where he played three seasons and in the SEL for the Frölunda HC for one season.

References

Other websites
 

1984 births
American Hockey League players
Finnish ice hockey players
Florida Panthers players
Living people
New York Islanders players
Sportspeople from Helsinki
Swedish Hockey League players
Tampa Bay Lightning players
University of Montana – Missoula is a public university in Missoula, Montana. The university has about 15,642 students. It was founded in 1893. The current president of the university is Royce Engstrom. University of Montana's ranking in the 2022 edition of Best Colleges is National Universities, #277. Its in-state tuition and fees are $7,492; out-of-state tuition and fees are $28,252.

Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Grizzlies except for the women's basketball team, which is called the Lady Griz. They have 14 varsity teams and they compete in the Big Sky Conference.

References

Other websites
University of Montana – Missoula's Official website
Montana Grizzlies' Official athletics website

Big Sky Conference
Colleges and universities in Montana
1893 establishments in Montana
Missoula, Montana
The Big Sky Conference is a NCAA conference that play in the NCAA Division I. The conference is headquartered in Ogden, Utah and features universities and colleges from the Western United States, plus one in the Midwestern U.S. In football, the league plays in the second-level Division I FCS.

Members
As of the 2017–18 school year, the Big Sky has 12 full members, or schools that play almost all of their sports in the conference. Of these schools, only Idaho does not play football in the conference. Its team in that sport plays in the top-level Division I FBS as a single-sport member of the Sun Belt Conference.

After the full Sun Belt members decided not to renew their football membership contract with Idaho when it expired after the 2017 season, Idaho decided to downgrade its football program to the FCS level and return to Big Sky football in 2018.

North Dakota left the non-football side of the Big Sky to join the Summit League, home to many of its traditional rivals, in 2018. The school's football team will join the Missouri Valley Football Conference in 2020. It played the 2018 season as an FCS independent (not in a conference), and will do so again in 2019. However, North Dakota still plays a full Big Sky football schedule, and games against North Dakota count in the Big Sky standings for other conference members.

Associate members
The Big Sky has four "associate" members that play only one sport in the conference.

References

 
NCAA Division I athletics conferences
Eastern Washington University is a public university in Cheney, Washington. The university has about 10,750 students. It was founded in 1882. The current president of the university is Dr. Rodolfo Arévalo.

Sports
The men's athletics teams of the university are called the Eagles. They have 14 varsity teams and they compete in the Big Sky Conference.

Other websites
Eastern Washington University's Official website
Eastern Washington Eagles' Official athletics website

Big Sky Conference
Colleges and universities in Washington
1882 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Washington (state)
The University of Northern Colorado is a public, coeducational university in Greeley, Colorado. The university has about 12,358 students. It was founded in 1889. The current president of the university is Kay Norton.

Sports
The men's athletics teams of the university are called the Bears. They have 15 varsity teams and they compete in the Big Sky Conference.

Other websites
University of Northern Colorado's Official website
Northern Colorado Bears' Official athletics website

Big Sky Conference
Colleges and universities in Colorado
1889 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Colorado
Hofstra University is a private university in Hempstead, New York. The university has about 12,400 students. It was founded in 1935. The current president of the university is Stuart Rabinowitz.

Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Pride. They have 15 varsity teams and they compete in the Colonial Athletic Association.

Other websites
Hofstra University's Official website
Hofstra Pride's Official athletics website

Colonial Athletic Association
Colleges and universities in New York
1935 establishments in the United States
1930s establishments in New York (state)
Georgia State University is a public university in Atlanta, Georgia. The university has about 31,533 students. It was founded in 1913. The current president of the university is Mark P. Becker.

Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Panthers. They have 16 varsity teams and they compete in the Sun Belt Conference.

Other websites
Georgia State University's Official website
Georgia State Panthers' Official athletics website 

Sun Belt Conference
Colleges and universities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Atlanta, Georgia
1913 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
James Madison University is a public university in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The university has about 18,971 students. It was founded in 1908. The current president of the university is Dr. Linwood H. Rose.

Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Dukes. They have 7 varsity teams and they compete in the Colonial Athletic Association.

Other websites
James Madison University's Official website
James Madison Dukes' Official athletics website

Colonial Athletic Association
Colleges and universities in Virginia
1908 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Virginia