cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Isfahan Province (, Ostān-e Esfahān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is Isfahan.

References
Zanjan Province (, Ostān-e Zanjān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is Zanjan.

References

Provinces of Iran
Kurdistan Province (, Ostān-e Kurdistān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is Sanandaj.

References
The 2017 UEFA Super Cup was the 42nd UEFA Super Cup final, an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions, the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. The match featured Spanish side Real Madrid, the title holders and winners of the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League, and English side Manchester United, the winners of the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League. The match was played at the Philip II Arena in Skopje, Macedonia, on 8 August 2017, and was the first UEFA final staged in the country.

Real Madrid won the match 2–1 for their fourth UEFA Super Cup title.

Teams

While the two teams had never met in the Super Cup, they had met 10 times in the European Champion Clubs' Cup/UEFA Champions League; Real Madrid have the advantage in the teams' previous meetings, with four wins, four draws and two losses.

Match

Details
The Champions League winners were called as the "home" team for administrative purposes.

Statistics

Related pages
2017 UEFA Champions League Final
2017 UEFA Europa League Final

References

2017
2017 in Europe
Sport in North Macedonia
The Battle of Puebla took place on 5 May 1862, near Puebla City in Mexico. It was part of  the "Second French intervention in Mexico". The Mexican Army won over the occupying French soldiers.

The French eventually overran the Mexicans in other battles. However, the Mexican victory at Puebla against a much better equipped and larger French army gave a morale boost to the Mexican army. It  also slowed the French army's advance towards Mexico City.

Background 
The 1858–60 Mexican civil war (known as the "Reform War") caused major distress in Mexico's economy. When he was elected president in 1861, Benito Juárez was forced to stop payments of interest on foreign debts for two years.

At the end of October 1861 diplomats from Spain, France, and Britain met in London to form the Tripartite Alliance. The main purpose of this alliance was to launch an allied invasion of Mexico, to take control of Veracruz, its major port. The idea was to force the Mexican government to negotiate terms for repaying its debts and for reparations for harm to foreign citizens in Mexico. In December 1861, Spanish troops landed in Veracruz; British and French followed in early January.

The allied forces occupied Veracruz and advanced to Orizaba. The Tripartite Alliance fell apart by early April 1862, when it became clear the French wanted to impose harsh demands on the Juarez government and provoke a war. The British and Spanish withdrew, leaving the French to march alone on Mexico City. Napoleon III wanted to set up a puppet Mexican regime.

References 

Puebla
19th century in Mexico
19th century in France
1862
1860s in North America
May events
Best Buy is an American multinational consumer electronics retailer with its headquarters in Richfield, Minnesota. It is the largest consumer electronics retailer in the United States.

Other websites 

 Official website

1960s establishments in Minnesota
1966 establishments in the United States
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Companies of the United States in Minnesota
Shops
José Fernando Mazariegos Anleu (21 March 1938 – 2 June 2018), was a Guatemalan inventor. He was known for the creation of the drinking water filter called "Ecofilter", which was developed in 1990 as part of a project of the Central American Institute of Industrial Research and Technology (ICAITI).

References

1938 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Guatemalan people
Inventors
Brian Browne (March 16, 1937 – June 5, 2018) was a Canadian jazz pianist and composer.

Browne began  performing in popular jazz venues in Ottawa and Toronto, and appearing in national weekly CBC Radio programs Adventures in Rhythm, The Browne Beat, Nightcap, Jazz Canada and others. His group, the Brian Browne Trio, performed as the house band on the CTV musical variety program The River Inn. In 1969 Browne appeared as one of four featured pianists, including Bill Evans, Erroll Garner and Marian McPartland, on the CBC television special The Jazz Piano.

Browne has recorded 11 albums on Capitol Records, RCA Victor, CBC JazzImage, and Sea Jam Recordings (now Triplet Records). He died of lung and throat cancer on June 5, 2018.

References

Other websites
 brianbrowne.com

1937 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from throat cancer
Canadian composers
Jazz pianists
Musicians from Montreal
Martinus "Tinus" Bosselaar (January 16, 1936 – June 6, 2018) was a Dutch footballer. He was active as a left winger. Bosselaar was born in Rotterdam. He played for the Netherlands national football team from 1955 to 1962. He also played for Sparta and Feyenoord.

Bosselaar died on June 6, 2018 in Rotterdam of heart failure at the age of 82.

References

Other websites
 Profile 
 Biography 
 Profile

1936 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Dutch footballers
Sportspeople from Rotterdam
Kira Georgievna Muratova (; ; ; née Korotkova, 5 November 1934 – 6 June 2018) was a Soviet-Russian was a Ukrainian movie director, screenwriter and actress. She was known for her unusual directorial style. Her movies underwent a great deal of censorship in the Soviet Union.

In 1994, she was awarded the Leopard of Honour for her life oeuvre at The Locarno International Film Festival (Switzerland) and in 2000, she was given the Andrzej Wajda Freedom Award.

References

Other websites

Kira Muratova fan site (Russian) - films, biography, news, interviews, articles, photo gallery
Interview with Muratova
2006 Nika  
Summary of Two in One  
Photos of Muratova 
Kira Muratova

1934 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Ukrainian movie directors
Ukrainian screenwriters
Ukrainian actors
Wulingyuan ) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in south-central China's Hunan Province. 

The site has over 3,000 quartzite sandstone pillars and peaks, many over  in height. There are many ravines and gorges with attractive streams, pools, lakes, rivers and waterfalls. 

There are 40 caves, many with large calcite deposits. There are two natural bridges, Xianrenqiao ("Bridge of the Immortals") and Tianqiashengkong ("Bridge Across the Sky").

The site is between  and . This is about  to the northwest of Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province. The park covers an area of 690 square kilometers (266 square miles). 

Wulingyuan is part of the Wuling Mountain Range. The scenic area has four national parks. Overall there are over 560 attraction sights to view.

References 

World Heritage Sites in China
Sandstones
Upland and lowland are terms used in ecology, physical geography and geology. They describe the relative height of land above sea level.

Uplands have rivers and streams which are fast-flowing, clear, and with plenty of oxygen. They drain high or mountainous country, and go down into broad plains (where they become lowland rivers. Lowlands usually have warmer, slow-flowing waters carrying lots of sediment and with poor oxygen content.

Upland rivers run fast and cut through rock (Colorado River). Lowland rivers meander slowly towards the coast (Mississippi River). They carry lots of soil and are a dark colour. Therefore the fish and other animals which live in the river are quite different according to the two stages or types of river.

The terms also apply to large areas of land. Because mountain-building (orogeny) lifts up huge sections of the Earth, there are large areas which are well above sea level: the highlands. But on the trailing edge of a continent, the land is low. So the Americas are (broadly speaking) high on the west (the American Cordillera) and low on the east (Amazon, St. Lawrence River / Great Lakes basin, Mississippi, and La Plata). This is a consequence of plate tectonics, as the Americas have moved slowly west for over 100 million years. The Appalachians are a far older chain of ground-down mountains carried along by the continent as it moved west.

The same pattern can be seen in other continents, especially with great rivers such as the Congo and the Indus. Australia is the exception: its mountain ranges are very ancient and worn down. Recent plate tectonics there has not been so significant as elsewhere.

References 

Physical geography
Ecology
Channel 5 is a free television channel in the United Kingdom. It started on 30 March 1997. It is owned by Channel 5 Broadcasting Ltd, and is operated by ViacomCBS Networks UK & Australia. It is one of the main five channels in the United Kingdom, The channel closed on 21 November 2021.

The station was called Five between 2002 and 2011, when it was owned by the RTL Group. It changed back to the name "Channel 5" after Richard Desmond bought the station. It was then bought by Viacom in 2014 for £450 million (US$759 million).

Programmes they have shown

Big Brother
The Bachelor
NCIS
Neighbours
Home and Away
Boxing
Jeremy Vine
Will & Grace
Peppa Pig
Power Rangers
Thomas and Friends
SpongeBob SquarePants

References

1997 establishments in the United Kingdom
British television channels
Channel 5 may mean:

Americas
 Canal 5 (Mexico), a Mexican television network owned by Televisa
 Canal 5 (Peru), a Peruvian television network
 Canal 5 Noticias, a news channel in Buenos Aires, Argentina
 Channel 5 (Canada), a former Ukrainian-language digital cable specialty television channel
 Channel 5 – Rosario, Argentine television station which broadcasts from the city of Rosario
 Great Belize Television, Belize television station, known as "Channel 5", founded in 1991 and broadcasting from Belize City
 Paravisión, a Paraguayan televisión network in the Channel 5 Asunción, Paraguay
 XHGC-TDT, a television station in Mexico City, flagship of the Canal 5 network

Asia
 Channel 5 (Iran), operated by Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting
 Channel 5 (Pakistan), Pakistani Entertainment and News Channel
 Channel 5 (Thailand) Thailand television broadcaster, founded in 1958 and owned by the Royal Thai Army
 MediaCorp Channel 5, English-language Singapore television broadcaster
 Sport 5, Israeli cable and satellite TV station
 TV5 (Philippines), a Filipino commercial television network

Europe
 5 Kanal (Ukraine), Ukrainian television channel
 Canale 5, Italian television broadcaster
 Channel 5 (UK), United Kingdom television broadcaster
 Channel 5 Lithuania, the largest regional TV channel in Lithuania
 France 5, French public television network
 Kanal 5 (Sweden), Swedish commercial channel
 Petersburg – Channel 5, Russian broadcaster, seen nationally, with regional channels
 Telecinco, Spain's second private television station
Kurt Marti (31 January 1921 –11 February 2017) was a Swiss theologian and poet. His poetry often has theological and religious aspects to it. He was also known for dialect literature said to have intellectual quality. Marti was born in Bern.

Marti died on 11 February 2017 in Bern at the age of 96.

References 

1921 births
2017 deaths
Swiss writers
Poets
Theologians
People from Bern
Acantholipan was a large, armored, quadrupedal (it walked on four legs), tank-like dinosaur from Mexico.

Taxonomy
It includes one species, Acantholipan gonzalezi. The fossils were found in Coahuila, Mexico.

References

Fossil taxa described in 2018
Ornithischia
Chvrches have made three studio albums, three extended plays (EPs), 18 singles and one promotional single.

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Other charted songs

Music videos

Notes

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

Discographies
Tomodachi Life is a Nintendo 3DS game released in 2013 by Nintendo. The game is a sequel to the Japan-only game Tomodachi Collection. The game starts by naming your island and making a Mii that is your "lookalike".

Nintendo 3DS games
2013 video games
Video games developed in Japan
David Douglas Duncan (January 23, 1916 – June 7, 2018) was an American photojournalist. He was best known for his dramatic combat photographs.

His wartime photographs were so impressive that after the war he was hired by Life to join its staff at the urging of J.R. Eyerman, Life's chief photographer. During his time with Life, Duncan covered many events, including the end of the British Raj in India and conflicts in Turkey, Eastern Europe, Africa, and the Middle East.

He turned 100 in January 2016. and died in June 2018 in Grasse, aged 102.

References

Other websites
A War Photographer’s 99-Year Journey  - slideshow by Life magazine
David Douglas Duncan Online Exhibition at the Harry Ransom Center, The University of Texas at Austin 
Finding aid for the David Douglas Duncan Papers and Photographic Collection at the Harry Ransom Center, The University of Texas at Austin

1916 births
2018 deaths
American photojournalists
American war correspondents
American military personnel of World War II
American military personnel of the Korean War
American centenarians
Writers from Kansas City, Missouri
Fu Da-ren (; 3 April 1933 – 7 June 2018) was a Taiwanese television presenter, sports author and activist. He received a Golden Bell Award in 1980.

In later life, Fu was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, and actively supported euthanasia. He decided not be euthanized and received a visit from Tsai Ing-wen upon his return to Taiwan. Fu underwent euthanasia on 7 June 2018 in Switzerland, aged 85.

References

1933 births
2018 deaths
Deaths by euthanasia
Activists
Television presenters
Writers
People with cancer
Taiwanese people
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Arie den Hartog (23 April 1941 – 7 June 2018) was a Dutch road bicycle racer. Hartog won the Milan–San Remo Classic in 1965, as well as the Amstel Gold Race in 1967. He was born in Zuidland, Netherlands.

Hartog died in The Hague on 7 June 2018 at the age of 77.

References

Other websites
Profile by cyclinghalloffame.com

1941 births
2018 deaths
Dutch cyclists
Sportspeople from South Holland
Francis Smerecki (25 July 1949 – 7 June 2018) was a French football player and manager. He was known for playing with Limoges. He managed Guingamp and national youth team. He was born in Le Mans, France.

Smerecki died on 7 June 2018 at the age of 68.

References

Other websites
Profile on French federation official site 
Profile

1949 births
2018 deaths
French footballers
French football managers
Larry Cedar (born March 6, 1955) is an American actor and a voice actor. He is best known for playing Leon, the opium-addicted thief and faro dealer, in the internationally acclaimed HBO series, Deadwood.

Filmography

Movie roles 
 The Babe - Radio announcer 
 Atlas Shrugged: Part III - Dr. Floyd Ferris
 C.H.U.D. II: Bud the C.H.U.D. - Graves
 Constantine - Vermin Man
 Demonic Toys - Peterson
 Dreamscape - Snakeman
 Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas - Car Rental Agent
 Hollywoodland - Chester Sinclair
 Justice League: Gods and Monsters - Pete Ross
 Justice League: Throne of Atlantis - Thomas Curry
 National Treasure: Book of Secrets - Control Room Guard
 Paparazzi - Charlie
 Pinocchio's Revenge - District Attorney
 The Crazies - Principal Ben Sandborn
 The Gingerdead Man - Jimmy Dean
 The London Connection - Roger Pike
 The Master of Disguise - Businessman
 Towelhead - Photographer
 Twilight Zone: The Movie - Creature on the Wing (Episode #4)

Television roles 
 Boston Legal - Robert Hooper
 Charmed in a season eight guest role as the scheming Demon Xar, pushing the episode's action in "Engaged and Confused".
 Community - Cornelius Hawthorne
 Deadwood - Leon (3 seasons)
 Get a Life - Ted (2 episodes)
 Saved by the Bell - Mystery Weekend actor
 Square One Television - Series Regular
 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Nydrom (Episode: "Armageddon Game")
 Star Trek: Voyager - Tersa
 Star Trek: Enterprise - Tessic
 State of Mind - Larry Carson
 The Riches - Karl
 W*A*L*T*E*R (unsold M*A*S*H spinoff) - Zipkin
 Without a Trace - Ray Pallidies

Video game roles 
 EverQuest II - Rune Shimmerstar, Tristan Gallaway, Eorandalanu Otuden, Alchemist Alus Crispian, Dyric Pyre, Waylon March, The Glademaster, Generic Male Dark Elf Merchant, Generic Male Erudite Merchant, Generic Male Gnome Merchant, Generic Male Halfling Merchant, Generic Male Human Merchant, Generic Male Ratonga Merchant, Generic Dark Elf Guard, Various Character Languages
 Hitman: Absolution - Edward Wade
 Marvel: Ultimate Alliance - Loki
 SOCOM II: U.S. Navy SEALs - Vandal
 Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4 -
 Tony Hawk's Underground - The Skater
 Tony Hawk's Underground 2 -
 Ultimate Spider-Man - Additional Voices

Other websites 
 
 Larry Cedar's Website

1955 births
Living people
American movie actors
American voice actors
Actors from Los Angeles
American television actors
Anna Sewell (30 March 1820 – 25 April 1878) was an English novelist. She is best known as the author of the 1877 novel Black Beauty, one of the top ten best selling novels for children ever written.

Anna Sewell was born  in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. After a childhood injury, she was confined to her house, and got around largely by carriage horse. Sewell spent her last years writing the children's classic Black Beauty (1877), a fictional autobiography of a gentle, highbred horse. She died of hepatitis in 1878, just five months after her book was published.

Sewell’s concern for the humane treatment of horses began early in life. Crippled at a young age, she had difficulty walking, but she could drive a horse-drawn carriage. Her father took the train to work, and she drove her father to and from the station. Later, after reading an essay on animals by Horace Bushnell, she stated that one of her goals in writing was “to induce kindness, sympathy, and an understanding treatment of horses.”

Sewell’s introduction to writing began in her youth when she helped edit the works of her mother—a deeply religious, popular author of juvenile best-sellers. Sewell spent the last seven or eight years of her life—confined to her house as an invalid—writing Black Beauty. The book, a fictional autobiography of a gentle highbred horse, had a strong moral purpose. It may have helped abolish the cruel practice of using the checkrein.

References 

1820 births
1878 deaths
English children's writers
English novelists
People from Norfolk
Umar Sheikh Mirza II (1456– 10 June 1494) was the ruler of Farghana Valley. He was the fourth son of Abu Sa'id Mirza and father of Babur.

Family
Consorts

 Qutlugh Nigar Khanum (m. 1475), daughter of Yunus Khan.

Sons

 Babur (1483 – 1530)
 Jahangir Mirza (1485 –1508)
 Nasir Mirza (b. 1487)

Daughters

 Un-named daughter
 Khanzada Begum (1478 – 1545)
 Mihr Banu Begum (b. 1481)
 Shahr Banu Begum (1491 –1542)
 Yadgar Sultan Begum (b. 1494)
 Rukaiya Sultan Begum (1494 – 1528)

Related pages 
 Babur
 Qutlugh Nigar Khanum

1494 deaths
1456 births
Asian people
Anthony Michael Bourdain (June 25, 1956 – June 8, 2018) was an American celebrity chef, author, and television personality, known as one of the most influential chefs in the world.

Career
Bourdain first became known for his 2000 book Kitchen Confidential: Adventures in the Culinary Underbelly. His first food and world-travel television series was A Cook's Tour, which ran for 35 episodes on the Food Network from 2002 through 2003.

In 2005, Bourdain began hosting the Travel Channel's culinary and cultural adventure programs Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations (2005–2012) and The Layover (2011–2013). In 2013, he switched to CNN to host Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown.

Death
On June 8, 2018, Bourdain was found dead of an apparent suicide by hanging in his hotel room in Kaysersberg-Vignoble, Haut-Rhin, France. He was working on an episode of Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown in Strasbourg, France. He was 61 years old. At the time of his death, he was in a relationship with actress Asia Argento.

References

Other websites

 Anthony Bourdain official Travel Channel website
 
 Anthony Bourdain at the Chef and Restaurant Database

1956 births
2018 deaths
American chefs
American television presenters
Clio Award winners
Emmy Award winners
Suicide in 2018
Suicides by hanging 
Television personalities from New York
Television personalities from New York City 
Writers from New York
Writers from New York City
Charles Krauthammer (; March 13, 1950 – June 21, 2018) was an American syndicated Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist, author, political commentator, and former physician. His weekly column was syndicated to more than 400 publications worldwide.

Krauthammer was paralyzed from the waist down due to a diving board accident while at Harvard University.

He was a weekly panelist on PBS news program Inside Washington from 1990 until it ceased production in December 2013.  He is a contributing editor to The Weekly Standard and a nightly panelist on Fox News Channel's Special Report with Bret Baier.

On June 8, 2018, Krauthammer announced that he had been suffering from small intestine cancer the "past ten months." He died two weeks later on June 21 in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 68.

References

Pulitzer Prize winners
1950 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from small intestine cancer
American columnists
American political commentators
American physicians
American political writers
American television news anchors
Jewish American writers
American conservatives
Cancer deaths in the United States
Fox News people
Writers from New York City
Eunice Lam Yin-nei (; 31 January 1943 – 4 June 2018) was a Hong Kong writer, columnist, businesswoman, and socialite. She was called the "prodigal daughter" of Hong Kong. She published more than eighty books, many of which have been adapted into films. She also wrote regular columns for the newspaper Ming Pao.

Lam was married to Peter Lee, brother of the kung-fu star Bruce Lee.

Lam died of lung cancer on 4 June 2018 at the age of 75.

References

1943 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Asian writers
Socialites
Chinese businesspeople
Columnists
Essayists
John Baldwin Munro (né John Baldwin, 15 August 1936 – 4 June 2018), better known as J. B. Munro, was a New Zealand politician. He was a member of the Labour Party. He was also a disability activist. He was born in Gore, New Zealand. He served on the New Zealand Parliament for Invercargill from 1972 to 1975.

He died in Christchurch on 4 June 2018, aged 81.

References

1936 births
2018 deaths
New Zealand politicians
Activists
The Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2007 was the fifth edition of the contest. It took place at the Ahoy' indoor sporting arena in Rotterdam, the Netherlands on 8 December 2007, Dutch broadcaster AVRO was the host broadcaster for the event. The motto for the contest was  "Make A Big Splash".

Results

Score sheet

12 points
Below is a summary of all 12 points received:

 All countries were given 12 points at the start of voting. This was so no country got nul points.

Commentators

  – TBC (ARMTV)
  (non-participating country) - TBC (SBS)
  (non-participating country) - TBC (İTV)
  – TBC (BTRC)
  - André Vermeulen (VRT), Maureen Louys and Jean-Louis Lahaye (RTBF)
  (non-participating country) - Dejan Kukrić (BHRT)
  – TBC (BNT)
  – TBC (CyBC)
  – TBC (GPB)
  – TBC (ERT)
  (non-participating country) - No commentator (IBA)
  – TBC (LRT)
  – Milanka Rašik (MKRTV)
  – TBC (PBS)
  – Marcel Kuijer (AVRO)
  – TBC (RTP)
  – TBC (TVR)
  - Olga Shelest (RTR)
  – Duška Vučinić-Lučić (RTS2)
  – TBC (TV4)
  - Timur Miroshnychenko (NTU)

References

Other websites 
 

2007 in Europe
2007 in music
2000s in the Netherlands
Rotterdam
Junior Eurovision Song Contest
Ondřej Palát (born 28 March 1991) is a Czech professional ice hockey winger. He is an alternate captain of the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted in the seventh round, 208th overall, by the Lightning at the 2011 NHL Entry Draft.

Other websites

1991 births
American Hockey League players
Czech ice hockey players
Drummondville Voltigeurs players
Living people
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Discussions of LGBT rights at the United Nations have included resolutions and joint statements in the United Nations General Assembly and the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC). 

Since its founding in 1945, the United Nations political bodies had not discussed LGBT rights (regarding equality regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity) until September 1995.  In the negotiations on the Draft of the 1995 Beijing Platform for Action, sexual orientation became a topic of debate at the 4th World Conference on Women. These discussions on "sexual orientation" can not be found in the text of the meetings.  Nevertheless, it was the first time governments had an explicit opinion in favour or against the inclusion and recognition of sexual orientation. Beverley Palesa Ditsie became the first openly lesbian person to address the United Nations regarding LGBT issues, calling for States to adopt resolutions that recognized sexual diversity.

References

Related Page 
LGBT
Yogyakarta Principles

United Nations
Human rights
The Indian Penal Code (IPC) is the main criminal code of modern India. It is a code meant to cover all aspects of criminal law. The code was drafted on 6th October 1860. on the recommendation of first law commission  of india established in 1834 under the charter Act of 1833 under the chairmanship of Thomas Babington Macaulay.It came into force in British India during the early British Raj period in 1862. However, it did not apply automatically in the Princely states. They had their own courts and legal systems until the 1940s. The Code has been amended several times and is now supplemented by other criminal provisions.

After the Partition of the British Indian Empire, the Indian Penal Code was inherited by its successor states, the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan (where it continues as the Pakistan Penal Code). After the separation of Bangladesh from Pakistan, the code continued in force there. The code was also adopted by the British colonial authorities in colonial Burma, Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka), the Straits Settlements (now part of Malaysia), Singapore and Brunei. It is the basis of the criminal codes in those countries.

India
Law
The Pakistani nationality law are the laws on citizenship of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The main law on nationality, the Pakistan Citizenship Act, was passed by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 13 April 1951. Pakistan is the only country in Asia with unconditional jus soli citizenship rights.

Citizenship
Before the creation of Pakistan, it was part of the British Indian Empire which also included India and Bangladesh. The people were British subjects. Pakistan was founded on 14 August 1947 as a state for Muslims. It was a Dominion in the British Commonwealth. Pakistan then included modern-day Bangladesh, which was known as East Bengal and East Pakistan. Bangladesh became independent from Pakistan in 1971. After independence in 1947, several millions of Muslims emigrated to Pakistan from India, and several millions of Hindus and Sikhs who had been living in Pakistan emigrated to India. This raised a number of citizenship issues.

Pakistani Citizenship Act 1951
The Pakistan Citizenship Act became law on 13 April 1951. Its purpose was "to make provision for citizenship of Pakistan". The Act has been amended several times, the last time in 2000. The Act is divided into 23 sections, each one about a different provision of citizenship.

Dual Pakistani nationality
Since independence, many Pakistanis have moved to live in the Middle East, Europe and North America. This has led to several changes in Pakistani nationality law. Dual citizenship is allowed in certain cases:

 if the person is under the age of 21.
 if the person is also a British citizen
 if the person has United States or Swedish nationality.

Pakistanis with dual citizenship can not hold public office, sit in the assemblies, contest elections or join the Pakistani military.

Problems
Both Pakistan and India claim to the disputed region of Kashmir. This has been the subject of several wars between the two countries. The Pakistani Citizenship Act of 1951 allowed persons who were subjects of the state of Jammu and Kashmir to travel under a Pakistani passport and be considered a citizen of Pakistan.

The independence of Bangladesh in 1971 led to around half a million "stranded Pakistanis". These people trace their heritage to the Bihar region. Despite official promises, Bangladesh refuses to accept them as citizens. Conversely, a continuous migration of Bangladeshis between 1971 and 1995 led their population increasing to more 1.6 million. There were only 10,000 at the time of separation. The migrants are mostly illegal and are not given the citizenship, as they migrated after the separation.

For political and other reasons, the 1.5 million registered Afghan refugees in Pakistan are not given Pakistani nationality, even though most of them were born in Pakistan.

Related pages
 National Database and Registration Authority

References

Pakistan
Law
Nationality
Rights
Child labour is one of the major problems of  Pakistan: The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan estimated in the 1990s, that 11 million children were working in the country;  half of them were under the age of ten. There are a number of laws which regulate the conditions under which children are allowed to work. These laws include:

The Factories Act 1934.
The West Pakistan Shops and Establishments Ordinance 1969.
The Employment of Children Act 1991
The Bonded Labour System Abolition Act 1992.
The Punjab Compulsory Education Act 1994

The problem is that these laws are ignored most of the time. Some 11 million children, aged four to fourteen, keep the country's factories operating, often working in bad  conditions.

In December 2014, the U.S. Department of Labor's List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor reported nine goods of which six are produced by child labourers in Pakistan. These include the making of bricks, carpets, glass bangles, leather and surgical instruments, as well as coal mining.

References 

Pakistan
Child labour
The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) is an international organization bringing together more than 750 LGBTI groups from around the world.  It continues to be active in campaigning for LGBT rights and Intersex human rights on the international Human rights and Civil rights scene, and regularly petitions the United Nations and governments. ILGA is represented in 110+ countries across the world. ILGA is accredited by the United Nations and has been granted NGO Ecosoc consultative status.

Human rights
LGBT rights
Carol Leigh first used the terms sex worker and sex work in 1978, to refer to prostitution, and related concepts. By using this new term, Leigh wanted to avoid the negative connotations. Sex work is paid work in the industry, such as prostitution, erotic dancing, and starring in pornographic movies. It does not refer to related illegal activities, such as human trafficking or other non-consensual sex.

It is difficult to say how many sex workers there are. This is because of the stigma of being a sex worker. In addition, most academic work focuses on prostitution, escorts and exotic dancing; there is little research on other forms of sex work.

Gender differences
Interviews with men and women escorts show gender differences in these escorts' experiences. On average, women escorts charged much more than men. Compared to traditional women escorts, women in niche markets charged lower rates. However, this difference in rates did not exist for men escorts. Men escorts reported widespread acceptance in the gay community; they were much more likely to tell about their occupation. This community acceptance is fairly unusual to the gay community and not the experience of many women sex workers. Also, heterosexual men prostitutes are much more likely than heterosexual women prostitutes to entertain same-gender clients because they need to:  most clients are men. In general, there is a greater social expectation for women to engage in emotional labor than there is for men; there are also greater consequences if they do not.

References 

Prostitution
Pravachansara is a Jain religion text. It means "the essence of the doctrine".

Chapters and Verses 
It has 275 verses in total. It consists of two books and an appendix. Book I is called "Knowledge" and has 92 verses. Book II is called "Knowable" and has 108 verses. The appendix is called "Conduct" and has 75 verses.

The first and last verse

Book I "Knowledge" 
The first verse of book I is:
Here I pay obeisance to VArdhamana, the saviour, the promulgator of the law, who is saluted by the suras, Asuras and lords  of men, and who has washed off the dirt of destructive Karmas.

The last verse of book I is:
The great souled Sramana, who has put an end to his delusive vision, who is expert in scriptures and who has established himself in conduct free from attachment, is qualified as Dharma.

Book II "Knowlable" 
The first verse of book II is:
The object of knowledge is made up of substances, which are said to be characterised by qualities, and with which,  moreover, are (associated) the modifications; those, who are deluded by modifications, are false believers.

The last verse of book II is:
Therefore, thus realizing the soul as the knower by nature, I give up the notion of mineness and have come to adopt the (notion of) non-attachment.

Appendix "Conduct" 
The first verse of Appendix is:
Having saluted the Siddhas, the foremost great Jinas and the saints have 
 adopted asceticism escape to mistery.

The last verse of Appendix is:
He, who practising the course of duties of a house-holder and of a monk, comprehends this doctrine, realizes, within a short time, the essence of the doctrine (the Self).

Jainism
Religious texts
The oriental magpie-robin (Copsychus saularis) is a small passerine bird. It was classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae. Now it is considered an Old World flycatcher.

Birds of Asia
National symbols of Bangladesh
Hylarana tytleri (also known as Theobald's ranid frog, yellow-striped frog, leaf frog, and leaping frog) is a frog species in the family Ranidae. It is found in eastern and northeastern Republic of India, Bangladesh, and southern Nepal, and possibly at lower elevations in Bhutan.

References

Frogs
National symbols of Bangladesh
Keokradong is a peak located in Bandarban District, Bangladesh, with an elevation of 986 metres (3,235 ft). Some sources claim it as the highest point of Bangladesh.

References

Bangladesh
National symbols of Bangladesh
Mountains of Asia
Nikolai  Lugansky (; born 26 April 1972) is a Russian pianist.

Early life and education 
Nikolai Lugansky was born on 26 April 1972 in Moscow, Russia, to research scientist parents. When he was 5 years old, before he had learned to read music, he played a Beethoven piano sonata that he learned by ear. He studied piano at the Moscow Central Music School and the Moscow Conservatory. His teachers included Tatiana Kestner, Tatiana Nikolayeva and Sergei Dorensky.

Career 
During the 1980s and early 1990s, Lugansky won prizes at numerous piano competitions, most importantly the Silver Medal at the Tchaikovsky International Piano Competition in 1994 (no first prize was awarded). At the same time he began to make recordings on the Melodiya (USSR) and Vanguard Classics (Netherlands) labels. His performance at the Winners' Gala Concert of the 10th International Tchaikovsky Competition was recorded and released on the Pioneer Classics label, on both CD and video laser disc formats. This was followed by more recordings for Japanese labels. He went on to make recordings for Warner Classics, Erato Records, PENTATONE, Onyx Classics, Deutsche Grammophon, and Naïve Records. In 2018, Lugansky signed an exclusive recording contract with Harmonia Mundi.

Lugansky has performed together with Vadim Repin, Alexander Kniazev, Anna Netrebko, Joshua Bell, Yuri Bashmet, Vadim Rudenko, Mischa Maisky and Leonidas Kavakos, among others.

In addition, Lugansky has played piano concertos with conductors like Riccardo Chailly, Christoph Eschenbach, Vladimir Fedoseyev, Valery Gergiev, Neeme Järvi, Kurt Masur, Mikhail Pletnev, Gennady Rozhdestvensky, Yuri Simonov, Leonard Slatkin, Tugan Sokhiev, Vladimir Spivakov, Evgeny Svetlanov, Yuri Temirkanov and Edo de Waart.

In addition to performing and recording, Lugansky teaches at the Moscow Conservatory.

Personal life 
Lugansky lives in Moscow with his wife and three children.

Awards 

 Competition prizes

 First Prize, All-Union Competition in Tbilisi (1988)
 Silver Medal, 8th International Bach Competition in Leipzig (1988)
 Second Prize, Rachmaninov Competition in Moscow (1990)
 Best pianist, International Summer Academy "Mozarteum" in Salzburg, Austria (1992)
 Silver Medal, 10th International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow (1994)

 Other awards

 Ernest Neizvestny Private Charity Fund Award (1994)
 International Terence Judd Award (1995)
 Diapason d'Or (2000, 2001 and 2002)
 Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik (2003)
 Named "Honoured Citizen of Ivanovka"  in Tambov, Russia (2004)
 Named "Honoured Artist of the Russian Federation" (2005)
 Echo Klassik Award (2005)
 Echo Klassik Award (2007)
 BBC Music Magazine Award (2011)
 Echo Klassik Award (2013)
 People’s Artist of Russia (2013)
 Sergei Rachmaninov International Award (2016)

References

Other websites 

 The Nikolai Lugansky Website
 HarrisonParrott Artist and Project Management
1972 births
Living people
Musicians from Moscow
Carroll County, Georgia is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. The county's capital is Carrollton. As of 2010, Carroll County had a population of 110,000 people.

Cities and towns
Bowdon
Carrollton
Mount Zion
Roopville
Temple
Villa Rica
Whitesburg

1826 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Paulding County, Georgia is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. The county's capital is Dallas. As of 2010, Paulding County had a population of 110,000 people.

Cities and towns
Dallas
Hiram
Braswell

Rural communities
New Hope
Yorkville
New Georgia
Nebo
Crossroads
Bentwater
Sudie
Seven Hills

1832 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Cobb County, Georgia is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. The county's capital is Marietta. As of 2010, Cobb County had a population of 688,000 people.

Cities and towns
 Acworth
 Austell
 Kennesaw
 Marietta
 Powder Springs
 Smyrna
 Fair Oaks
 Mableton
 Vinings

Rural communities

 Austell
 Blackwells
 Chattahoochee Plantation
 Clarkdale
 Cumberland
 Due West
 East Cobb
 Lost Mountain
 Macland
 Mars Hill
 Mount Bethel
 North East Cobb
 Noonday
 Powers Park
 Sandy Plains
 Spring Hill
 Town Center
 Westoak

1832 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Franz Manfred Wuketits (5 January 1955 – 6 June 2018) was an Austrian biologist, university teacher and epistemologist.  He has written on epistemology, the history and theory of biology, evolution theory, evolutionary ethics, evolutionary epistemology and sociobiology.

From 1987 till 2004 he was employed at the University of Graz where he taught the philosophy of biology.  He also had guest professorships at several other universities including the Vienna University of Technology (1998–2004) and, in Palma de Majorca, at the University of the Balearic Islands (2006, 2008, 2009, 2010).

References

Other websites
 Franz M. Wuketits: Wo bleibt das "liberale Rasiermesser"? Ein Plädoyer für Aufklärung, Freiheit und Eigenverantwortung (Aufklärung und Kritik 1/1998, S. 34 ff.)
 Franz M. Wuketits: Biologie und Religion: Warum Biologen ihre Nöte mit Gott haben (PDF; 127 kB)

1955 births
2018 deaths
Austrian educators
Austrian scientists
Biologists
People from Burgenland
Per Axel Ahlmark (15 January 1939 – 8 June 2018) was a Swedish politician and writer. He was the leader of the Liberal People's Party from 1975 to 1978. He waz Minister for Employment and Deputy Prime Minister from 1976 to 1978. He was also a member of the Swedish parliament from 1967 to 1978.

Ahlmark died on 8 June 2018 at the age of 79.

References

Other websites

1939 births
2018 deaths
Politicians from Stockholm
Writers from Stockholm
Maria Esther Andion Bueno (11 October 1939 – 8 June 2018) was a Brazilian professional tennis player. She played for eleven years in the 1950s and 1960s. She won 19 Grand Slam titles (seven in women's singles, 11 in women's doubles, and one in mixed doubles). That made her the most successful South American female tennis player in history.

Bueno was the year-end number-one ranked female player in 1959 and 1960. She was known for her graceful style of play.

In 1960, Bueno became the first woman to win a calendar-year Grand Slam (all four major tennis tournaments in a year). Three of them were with Darlene Hard. The other was with Christine Truman).

On 8 June 2018, Bueno died from oral cancer and merkel-cell carcinoma at a hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, aged 78.

References

Other websites

1939 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Merkel-cell carcinoma
Deaths from oral cancer
Cancer deaths in Brazil
Tennis players
Brazilian sportspeople
Daniel David Kirwan (13 May 1950 – 8 June 2018) was a British Hall of Fame blues rock guitarist and singer-songwriter. He was born in London. His greatest success came with his role as a member of the band Fleetwood Mac between 1968 and 1972.

Kirwan died on 8 June 2018 in London from pneumonia at the age of 68.

References

Other websites

1950 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
British singer-songwriters
British rock guitarists
Blues guitarists
Singers from London
Musicians from London
Writers from London
Liu Yichang (; 7 December 1918 – 8 June 2018), or Lau Yee Cheung in Cantonese, was a Hong Kong writer, editor, and publisher. He was born in Shanghai. His best known works are The Drunkard (1963) and Intersection (1993), which is made of two interconnected stories. He was also a prolific columnist who edited 13 newspapers in China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia, and on average wrote 13,000 characters per day.

Liu died on 8 June 2018 at Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital in Chai Wan, Hong Kong of pneumonia, aged 99.

References

1918 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Asian writers
Novelists
Editors
Columnists
Publishers
Fadil Avdullah Vokrri (23 June 1960 – 9 June 2018) was a Kosovan football administrator and player. He was president of Football Federation of Kosovo from 16 February 2008 until his death on 9 June 2018.

Vokrri scored a total of 121 goals and had 363 club appearances. He began his career at the football club Llap (known then as Lab Podujevo). He moved to Pristina in 1980 and played there until 1986 scoring 55 goals and making 172 appearances.

On 9 June 2018, Vokrri died of cardiac arrest in Pristina, Kosovo at the age of 57.

References

Other websites
Profile  at Football Federation of Kosovo 
Career history at Football Association of Serbia 

1960 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Kosovan people
Footballers
Vaginal tumors are tumors that can be found in the vagina. A tumor in the vagina can be cancer (malignant)  but not all tumors in the vagina are cancer. Tumors that are not cancer are called benign tumors. Tumors have many different names. Another name for a tumor is neoplasm. A neoplasm is too much growth of tissue that forms a lump.
If cancer is found in the vagina it most often has spread there from other places in the body. Cancer found in the vagina may have come from the bladder, stomach and intestines. 

A tumor in the vagina can be solid or filled with fluid (or both).

Vaginal cancer is rare. It is an overgrowth of tissue in the vagina. Some benign tumors may turn into cancer.

A vaginal tumor can cause bleeding, pain with sex and feelings of pressure. A tumor in the vagina is often found during a check up and pelvic exam. Doctors may order more tests like an ultrasound, CAT scan and MRI. Doctors will look at a piece of the tumor under a microscope to see what kind of tumor that it is.

Benign vaginal tumors 

Blue nevus
Melanocytic tumor 
Blue mole
Nevus bleu
Melancytic nevus
Leiomyoma 
Fibromyoma
Adenoma 
Squamous papilloma 
Fibroepithelial polyp
Genital wart
Adenomatoid Tumor
Fibroepithelial polyp

Malignant/cancerous vaginal tumors

Yolk sac tumor
Endodermal  sinus tumor
Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor
Ewing's sarcoma|

Vaginal melanoma
Melanocytic tumor|

Carcinosarcoma
Malignant Mullerian Mixed tumors
Metaplastic carcinoma
Sarcoma botryoides
Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma
Ambryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Leimyosarcoma
Endometrioid stromal sarcoma
Endometrial stromal sarcoma 
Undifferentiated vaginal sarcoma

Genital rhabdomyoma
Deep angiomyoxoma 
Postoperative spindle cell nodule
Vaginal Solitary Fibrous Tumor 
Undifferentiated carcinoma 
Small cell carcinoma 
Carcinoid 
Adenoid basal carcinoma
Adenosquamous carcinoma 
Mucinous adenocarcinoma

Vaginal micropapillomatosis
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma
Mesonephric adenocarcinoma
Clear cell adenocarcinoma
Squamous intraepithelial neoplasia

Condylomata acuminata
Squamous cell carcinoma
Keratinizing, Nonkeratininzing, Basalaoid, Verrucous, Warty
Mesenchymal tumors
Alveolar soft part sarcoma
Mixed epithelial and mesenchymal Tumors 
Malignant mixed Tumors resembling synovial sarcoma
Benign mixed tumors  
Malignant lymphoma
Granulocytic sarcoma
Verrucous carcinoma
Squamotransitional cell carcinoma

Other animals 
Vaginal tumors also can be found in some animals:
 Sarcoma botryoides
 Squamous cell carcinoma
 Condyloma acuminatum
 Squamous intraepithelial neoplasia
 Fibroepithelial polyp
 Clear-cell adenocarcinoma
 Squamous papilloma
 Leiomyoma
 Blue nevus
 Malignant melanoma
 Primitive neuroectodermal tumor
 Yolk sac tumor

Related pages
 Urethral caruncle
 Vaginal cysts
 Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia

Notes

References

Other websites
Vagina, Anatomical Atlases, an Anatomical Digital Library (2018)

Anatomy of the female reproductive system
Douglas County, Georgia is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. The county's capital is Douglasvile. As of 2010, Douglas County had a population of 132,000 people.

Cities and towns
Austell (also in Cobb County)
Douglasville
Villa Rica (also in Carroll County)
Lithia Springs

Rural communities

 Anneewakee
 Beulah
 Bill Arp
 Chapel Hill
 Fairplay
 Fouts Mill
 Hannah
 McWhorter
 Phillips Mill
 Tributary
 White City
 Winston

1870 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Barnum Brown (February 12, 1873 – February 5, 1963), often called Mr. Bones, was an American field paleontologist. He discovered the first documented remains of Tyrannosaurus rex.<ref>Dingus L. & Norell M.A. 2010. Barnum Brown: the man who discovered Tyrannosaurus rex. </ref> His career that made him one of the most famous fossil hunters working in the late Victorian era and the early 20th century.

He was sponsored by the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH). He was Henry Fairfield Osborn's man in the field. Brown worked the country, bargaining and trading for fossils. Often, he simply sent money to have fossils shipped to the AMNH.

After working a handful of years in Wyoming for AMNH in the late 1890s, Brown led an expedition to the Hell Creek Formation of Southeastern Montana. There, in 1902, he discovered and excavated the first documented remains of Tyrannosaurus rex''.

References 

1873 births
1963 deaths
American paleontologists