cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Paul Joseph Weitz (July 25, 1932 – October 23, 2017) was an American naval officer and aviator, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, and former NASA astronaut.

Weitz flew into space twice. He was a member of the three-man crew who flew on Skylab 2, the first manned Skylab mission. He was also Commander of the STS-6 mission, the first of the Space Shuttle Challenger flights.

Weitz died on October 23, 2017 in Flagstaff, Arizona from myelodysplastic syndrome at the age of 85.

References

Other websites

Astronautix biography of Paul J. Weitz
Spacefacts biography of Paul J. Weitz
Weitz at Spaceacts 
Weitz at Encyclopedia of Science

1932 births
2017 deaths
American astronauts
American aviators
American engineers
Cancer deaths in Arizona
Deaths from myelodysplastic syndrome
Scientists from Pennsylvania
Guion Stewart Bluford Jr., Ph.D. (born November 22, 1942), (Col, USAF, Ret.), is an American aerospace engineer, retired U.S. Air Force officer and fighter pilot, and former NASA astronaut.

Bluford was the first African American in space. Before becoming an astronaut, he was an officer in the U.S. Air Force, where he remained while assigned to NASA, rising to the rank of Colonel. He participated in four Space Shuttle flights between 1983 and 1992. In 1983, as a member of the crew of the Orbiter Challenger on the mission STS-8.

References

Other websites

Guion "Guy" Bluford Penn State African American Chronicles profile and interview
 Guy Bluford interviewed on Conversations from Penn State

1942 births
Living people
American astronauts
American aviators
Engineers from Pennsylvania
American military people
Scientists from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Dhanteras (Hindi: धनतेरस), also known as Dhanatrayodashi () or Dhanvantari Trayodashi, is the first day of the festival of Diwali in India and the festival of Tihar in Nepal.

Dhanteras is celebrated on the thirteenth lunar day of Krishna Paksha ("dark fortnight" in the moon's cycle) in the Vikram Samvat Hindu calendar month of Ashwin. Dhanvantari, who is also worshipped on Dhanteras, is the god of Ayurveda who brought and shared the wisdom of Ayurveda for the betterment of mankind and to bring relief from the suffering of disease with Ayurvedic remedies.

The Indian ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy), announced its decision to observe Dhanteras as the “National Ayurveda Day.” This day was first observed on October 28, 2016.

References

Indian culture
Hinduism
Religious holidays
Nepali culture
Grottaglie is a town and comune in the province of Taranto, Apulia, in southern Italy.

Geography 

Grottaglie is in the Salento peninsula, a whole rock of Limestone dividing Adriatic Sea from Ionian Sea. The countryside around the city has many large and deep ravines.

History 
The name Grottaglie comes from the Latin Cryptae Aliae, meaning "many ravines". People lived here since the paleolithic Age. The fief of Grottaglie was given by the Norman overlords to the Archdiocese of Taranto in the 11th century. In the 14th century the church gave the fief a walls and a castle.

Since the 15th-17th centuries the jurisdiction over Grottaglie fief was split between the ecclesiastic administration (civil law) and the lay feudal lords (criminal law, Cicinelli-Caracciolo family). Fights between these two competing authorities and revolts by the heavily-taxed population were common until the end of feudalism (1806).

Main sights 
 The massive Castello Episcopio (13th century) castle.
 The main church, also known as Chiesa Matrice, dating back to 1379.
 The city's oratory, known as Purgatory Oratory.
 Palazzo Cicinelli, a massive building on the main square later redecoreted to the current fashion during the Baroque period. The palazzo was the seat of the Duke of Grottaglie also Prince of Cursi and Princes of the Holy Roman Empire, hence the residence of the feudal lords of the town on the grant of Bohemo.
 Palazzo Urselli, which maintains the original Renaissance (pre-Baroque) façade, with a massive 15th century gate and a decorated internal courtyard.
 Palazzo Maggiulli-Cometa, whose structure is similar to Palazzo Urselli’s.
 Palazzo De Felice, an 18th Century palace, and ancestral home of the De Felice's family.
 Monastero di Francesco di Paola, representing the greatest Baroque monument in the city. It has a splendid cloistered-court inside.
 Chiesa del Carmine, housing a 1530 stone crib scene made by Stefano da Putignano.

Culture 
Folkloristic and religious events include the commemoration-day of Ciro di Alessandria d'Egitto and Easter-period when the Medieval-rooted confraternal religious orders perform their processions during the days of the Holy Week (Easter rituals include Procession and pilgrimage of confrères called “Bubble-Bubble” through the streets of town).

Other events include:
 The exhibition “Ceramica nel Quartiere delle Ceramiche”
 The Mediterranean ceramics contest, theatrical and musical events
 Promotion of dessert grapes, months of July–August–September
 Exhibition-contest about ceramic crib scene during the months of December and January
 “Musica Mundi” – international festival of ethnic music in July.

Economy 
Grapes and ceramics are two main elements of the local economy.

Alenia Composite is a factory of Alenia group making parts for the Boeing 787.

References

Towns in Italy
Settlements in Apulia
S. Krishnamoorthy (born 9 October), better known by his screenname Madhan Bob, is a popular comedian and Tamil film actor from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. He started his film career as a musician and became an actor instead. Apart from appearing in supporting roles in Tamil films he also appears in the Sun TV comedy show Asathapovathu Yaaru as one of the judges. His debut film was Vaaname Ellai. It was Madan Bob who first taught Maragathamani music.

He was eighth child in his family, so he was named Krishnamurthy which also happened to be his uncle’s name and there was a lot of confusion in the house, so they changed his name to Madan. his brother’s name is Padmanabhan a.k.a. Babu. Both started a music group called ‘Madan and Babu’. In time, the Babu became Bob and that’s how director Balachander introduced him in his first film.

Filmography

 Neengal Kettavai (1984)
 Vaaname Ellai (1992)
 Thevar Magan
 Jathi Malli (1993)
 Uzhaippali
 Udan Pirappu
 Thiruda Thiruda 
 Honest Raj (1994)
 Pattukottai Periyappa 
 Nammavar 
 Sathi Leelavathi (1995)
 Magalir Mattum 
 Pullakuttikaran
 Poove Unakkaga (1996)
 Sundara Purushan 
 Priyam
 Gopura Deepam (1997)
 Mannava
 Vivasaayi Magan
 Pagaivan
 Nerrukku Ner 
 Roja Malare
 Chachi 420 (Hindi)
 Rathna (1998)
 Kaadhala Kaadhala
 Jolly
 Priyamudan
 Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen 
 Aasai Thambi
 Unnudan 
 Thulladha Manamum Thullum (1999)
 Unnai Thedi
 Edhirum Pudhirum
 Anandha Poongatre
 Suyamvaram
 Nee Varuvai Ena
 Unakkaga Ellam Unakkaga
 Poovellam Kettuppar
 Minsara Kanna
 Jodi
 Kannukkul Nilavu (2000)
 Thai Poranthachu
 Unnai Kann Theduthey
 Kuberan
 Thenali
 Anbudan
 Friends (2001)
 Looty 
 Rishi
 Sonnal Thaan Kaadhala
 Pennin Manathai Thottu
 Star
 Parthale Paravasam
 Alli Thandha Vaanam
 Punnagai Desam  (2002) 
 Pammal K. Sambandam
 Kamarasu
 Krishna Krishna
 Gemini
 Yai Nee Romba Azhaga Irukey 
 Anbe Un Vasam
 Youth
 Sundhara Travels
 Villain
 Kadhaludan (2003)
 Nala Damayanthi 
 Priyamana Thozhi
 Thittikudhey
 Three Roses
 Anbe Un Vaasam
 Aethirree (2004)
 Vasool Raja MBBS 
 Karka Kasadara
 Vishwa Thulasi
 Chatrapathy
 Giri
 Ayyaa (2005)
 Chandramukhi
 6'2
 Jithan
 ABCD
 Jerry
 Mazhai
 Aathi (2006)
 Kusthi
 Varalaaru
 Mudhan Mudhalai
 Manikanda (2007)
 Periyar 
 Thottal Poo Malarum 
 Marudhamalai
 Thavam
 Vel
 Vedha (2008)
 Arai En 305-il Kadavul 
 Seval
 Ananda Thandavam (2009)
 Thee 
 Bhramaram (Malayalam)
 Engal Aasan
 Ainthaam Padai
 Sura (2010)
 Pen Singam
 Kaavalan (2011)
 Maapillai 
 Pathayiram Kodi
 Singam II
 Yuvan Yuvathi
 Chandhamama (2013)
 Ethir Neechal 
 Saravanan Engira Surya
 Thulli Vilayadu
 Ramanujan (2014)
 Aindhaam Thalaimurai Sidha Vaidhiya Sigamani
 Jamai
 Lingaa
 Vellaikaara Durai
 En Vazhi Thani Vazhi (2015)
 Adhibar 
 Saagasam (2016)
 Tea Kadai Raja 
 Ka Ka Ka Po 
 Ennama Katha Vudranunga 
 Tamilselvanum Thaniyar Anjalum 
 Uchathula Shiva 
 Kaththi Sandai
 Ner Mugam
 Motta Shiva Ketta Shiva (2017)
 Vaigai Express
 Saravanan Irukka Bayamaen  
 Ivan Thanthiran
 Ullam Ullavarai
 Aalukku Paathi 50/50

References

Tamil actors
Tamil comedians
Tirunelveli S. Balaiah (; 23 August 1914 – 22 July 1972) was an Indian actor best known for playing supporting roles in the Tamil films. He was introduced to the cine field by director Ellis R. Dungan in Sathi Leelavathi (1936), along with M. G. Ramachandran, N. S. Krishnan and M.K. Radha. He was one of the very few actors who excelled as a villain, as well as in character roles and comic roles.

Early life 
T. S. Balaiah was born on 23 August 1914. He was born in Sundankottai, now in Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu. He ran away from home at young age and joined a Circus. Later joined Jagannatha Iyer’s famous drama company which was working in Tirunelveli and from which no turning back.

Career 
Balaiah began his film career through the Tamil film Sathi Leelavathi in 1936. Balaiah played first lead role in Mohini paired opposite Madhuri Devi, where he played elder brother to V. N. Janaki and supporting role by M. G. Ramachandran. He gained lot of weight at the age of 40 in 1954, hence started getting more character roles.  Among his villain roles, Ambikapathy, Madurai Veeran, Thaikkupin Tharam, Hello Mister Zamindar and Thiruvilaiyadal were critically acclaimed. Balaiah also excelled in comedy roles in movies such as Kavalai Illaadha Manithan, Kadhalikka Neramillai, Bama Vijayam and Thillana Mohanambal. Actor Sivaji Ganesan had once mentioned that Balaiah along with M. R. Radha was his most admired actor.

Personal life 
Actress Manochithra is his daughter, while one of his sons Junior Balaiah has also appeared in films. Another son, Sai Baba, was part of MSV's troupe and sang a few song.

Partial filmography

References

Other websites
 
 http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2319/stories/20061006000707900.htm 
 The Three-in-One T. S. Balaiah in My Movie Minutes
 100 years of laughter

Tamil actors
Ugo Fangareggi (30 January 1938 – 20 October 2017) was an Italian actor and voice actor. He was born in Genoa, Italy. He was best known for the role of Mangold in Mario Monicelli's The Incredible Army of Brancaleone.

Fangareggi died of Parkinson's disease at the age of 79.

References

Other websites 
 

1938 births
2017 deaths
People from Genoa
Italian stage actors
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
ESPCI Paris (officially the École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la Ville de Paris; The City of Paris Industrial Physics and Chemistry Higher Educational Institution) is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is a constituent school of the University PSL (Northern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur ESPCI Paris (ESPCI Paris Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 PhD doctorate studies
 Master of Science
 Massive Online Open Course.

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ESPCI Paris.

Research labs 
Research activities at ESPCI relate to the following topics:
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Biotechnology

Notable graduate 
 Marie Curie, first woman to win a Nobel Prize

References

Other websites 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in Paris
1882 establishments in France
Ambert is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in central-southern France.

It is a subprefecture of the department and the capital of the arrondissement of Ambert.

Geography
Ambert is in the southeast of the Puy-de-Dôme department, at  to the south of Thiers,  to the east of Issoire and  to the southeast of Clermont-Ferrand.

The commune is in the plain of Ambert, surrounded by mountains: the Monts du Forez to the east and the Monts du Livradois to the west. The town is along the Dore, a tributary of the Allier river.

Ambert has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The distances from Clermont-Ferrand to other cities are:
 Paris, the national capital - ;
 Lyon, the regional capital - ;
 Bordeaux - ;
 Marseille - ;
 Montpellier - ;
 Nantes - ;
 Nice - ;
 Strasbourg - ;
 Toulouse - .

Ambert is surrounded by the communes:

Climate
The climate of Ambert, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Population
The inhabitants of Ambert are known, in French, as Ambertois (women: Ambertoises).

With a population of 6,794, Ambert has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Ambert

Administration
Ambert is a subprefecture of the Puy-de-Dôme department. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Ambert and the administrative centre () of the canton of Ambert, formed 30 communes, including Ambert, with 18,178 inhabitants (2014).

It is part of the intercommunality Ambert Livradois Forez.

Sister cities 
Ambert is twinned with:
 Annweiler, Germany, since 1988
 Saitama, Japan, since 1989
 Gorgonzola, Italy, since 2002.

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Puy-de-Dôme department
 Communes of the Puy-de-Dôme department

References

Other websites

 City council website 
 Office of tourism website  

Communes in Puy-de-Dôme
Subprefectures in France
Dianbu () is a town in and the seat of Feidong County in the eastern suburbs of Hefei, the capital of Anhui province, People's Republic of China.

Subdivisions
There are multiple several subdivisions;
Qingqing District, Hefei (青春社区)
Zhennan, Hefei (镇南社区)
Zhenxi, Hefei (镇西社区)
Zhenbei, Hefei(镇北社区社区)
Huayuan, Hefei (花园社区)
Duihe, Hefei(对河社区)
Paitou, Hefei(排头社区)
Dingguang, Hefei (定光社区)
Tangyang, Hefei (唐杨社区)
Guangtai, Hefei (光大社区)
Xishanyi, Hefei (西山驿社区)
Beitang, Hefei (陂塘社区)
Shuangqiao, Hefei (双桥社区)
Zhongxin, Hefei (中心社区)
Anhe, Hefei (安乐村)
Tanglinhuizumanzu Village (塘林回族满族村)
Huatanming, Hefei (花滩民族村)
Mahan, Hefei(马厂村)
Longxi, Hefei(龙西村)
Anji, Hefei(昂集村)
Jianshe, Hefei(建设村)
Yangwang, Hefei (杨王村)
Hepu, Hefei(合浦村)
Pangdian, Hefei (半店村)
Qunli, Hefei (群力村)
Da'an, Hefei (大安村)
Zhaogang, Hefei (赵岗村)
Yangba, Hefei (杨坝村)
Sangyuanheyixin, Hefei (桑园村和一心村

References
Albert Glenn Barr OBE (19 March 1942 – 24 October 2017) was a Northern Irish politician. He was born in Derry, Northern Ireland.

Barr was an activist of Ulster nationalism. For a time during the 1970s he straddled both Unionism and Loyalism due to simultaneously holding important positions in the Vanguard Progressive Unionist Party and the Ulster Defence Association.

Barr died ￼at Altnagelvin hospital on 24 October 2017 at the age of 75.

References

1942 births
2017 deaths
Irish politicians
Political activists
Ebrahim Ashtiani (Persian: ابراهیم اشتیانی; January 4, 1942 – October 24, 2017) was an Iranian football player. He played for the Iran national football team and spent most of his career at Persepolis. 

His son Ardalan is also a professional football player.

After the retirement of Persepolis captains Jafar Kashani and Homayoun Behzadi, Ashtiani became captain of the club when he was only 28 making him the youngest captain of Persepolis, a record that was broken by Alireza Haghighi in 2010. He retired in the summer of 1976 at the age of 30.

Ashtiani won the Asian Cup in Thailand in 1972 as well as the football tournament of the 1974 Asian Games in Tehran. He made 35 appearances for the Iran national football team from 1969 to 1974.

Ashtiani died in Tehran of heart disease on 24 October 2017 at the age of 75.

References

1942 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
Sportspeople from Tehran
Iranian footballers
Olympians
Leviathan  is a famous book by Thomas Hobbes. Its full name is Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil. Hobbes wrote the book in 1651. The name of the book comes from a sea monster called "Leviathan" in the Book of Job (one of the books in the Old Testament of the Bible).  In Leviathan, Hobbes writes about the structure of society and what makes a good government. It was a very early book on social contract theory. It influenced many other writers. He also wrote a version of the book in Latin in 1668.

References

Other websites
A copy of the complete book published in 1651

17th-century books
Non-fiction books
La Noche Triste (Spanish for "The Sad Night") was a famous battle between the Spanish conquistadors and the Aztecs, a native people of Mexico. The battle took place on the shores of Lake Texcoco near the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan in the night between June 30 and July 1, 1520.

The Spanish side, led by Hernán Cortés, had 600 to 1000 Spanish soldiers and 20,000 native Mexican allies. The Aztecs, led by Cuitláhuac (the son of Moctezuma II), had 50,000 soldiers. The Aztec soldiers won the battle. They made the Spanish army leave their city. The Spanish army lost almost all their equipment and the gold they took from Tenochtitlan.  Between 400 and 800 Spanish soldiers were killed or captured. Between 2,000 and 4,000 native Mexican allies of the Spanish were killed or captured. The Aztecs lost about 1,000 soldiers.

References

Battles
1520
Aztec
16th century in Spain
History of Mexico
The Additional Member System is an electoral system used to produce a more proportional result than Plurality voting, also known as First Past The Post. It is sometimes referred to as Mixed Member Proportional but these two electoral systems have different ways of allocating list seats. The term additional member system is almost only used in the United Kingdom but has been used to describe Italy's Electoral system from 1993 to 2005.

Method of voting & calculation

Method of voting 
In the Additional Member System the voter has two votes ; one vote goes to an local representative or multiple representatives from a geographical electoral district. This is commonly referred as a constituency vote. The other vote goes to a political party. This is commonly referred as a list vote and is to represent the voter in a wider region.

Calculation 
Firstly, the Constituency vote is counted: the votes are counted and the candidate with the most votes, even if the candidate did not reach a majority, wins the seat.

Next, each party's Member Score is calculated using a formula:

V = Party List Vote

S = Seat already won

Once the party's member score is calculated the list seats are given to each political party using the D'hondt formula.

Example 
In this Hypothetical Example there is 100,000 voters and there are: 3 political Parties, 10 total Seats (6 constituency seats and 4 list seats).

List seats calculation

Current usage 
 The London Assembly
 The Scottish Parliament
 The Welsh Assembly
 The Italian Parliament

Italian electoral system

Mattarellum 
Italy's Parliament used from 1993 to 2005 used a system which was sometimes called the additional member system but was known as Mattarellum, it had 75% of seats allocated using Plurality voting and 25% of seats used to create a proportional legislature. It had a complex system to allocate proportional seats which was called Scorporo.

Rosatellum 
Rosatellum, officially known as the Italian Electoral Law of 2017, Is an additional member system  with 36% of seats allocated using Plurality Voting and 64% of seats used to create a proportional legislature. The new electoral law was supported by the current  government's Democratic Party and the coalition partner Popular Alternative, but also by the opposition parties Forza Italia, Lega Nord and Liberal Popular Alliance. However, two parties (the Five Star Movement and the Democratic and Progressive Movement) did not support the new electoral system. The electoral law was approved on the 12th October by the Chamber of Deputies with 375 votes in favor and 215 against and on 26 October by the Senate with 214 votes against 61.

References 

Voting systems
Port Blair () is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.

Transportation
Port Blair also serves as the entry point for visiting the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Port Blair is connected with mainland India by both air and sea. It is a 2-hour flight from mainland India to Port Blair, but it takes 3–4 days by sea to reach Chennai, Kolkata or Vishakhapatnam. Air connectivity to Port Blair is available from Chennai, Kolkata, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Bhubaneshwar and Vishakhapatnam. All flights bound to Andaman and Nicobar Islands land at the Veer Savarkar International Airport. Sea connectivity is available from Chennai, Kolkata and Vishakhapatnam are embarked in Haddo Wharf Port.  It is home to several museums and a major naval base INS Jarawa of the Indian Navy, along with sea and air bases of the Indian Coast Guard and the Indian Air Force. Port Blair is also famous for the historic Cellular Jail and other small islands like Carbyns Cove, Wandoor, Ross, Viper etc. which were once home to British colonists.

Port Blair has been selected as one of the cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission.

Population
 India census, Port Blair had a population of 100,608. Males constitute 52.92% (53,247) of the population and females 47.07% (47,361). Port Blair has an average literacy rate of 89.76%, higher than the national average that is 74.04%. In Port Blair, male literacy is 92.79%, and female literacy is 86.34%. 9.3% of the population is under the age of 6 years. The most common religion is Hinduism, followed by Christianity and Islam. Bengali is the most spoken language of the city, followed by Hindi and Tamil.

References

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
The Cellular Jail, also known as Kālā Pānī (Hindi for black waters), was a colonial prison in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The prison was used by the British especially to exile political prisoners to the remote archipelago. Many notable dissidents such as Batukeshwar Dutt, Yogendra Shukla and Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, among others, were imprisoned here during the struggle for India's independence. Today, the complex serves as a national memorial monument.

Architecture

The construction of the prison started in 1896 and was completed in 1906. The original building was a puce-colored brick building.The bricks used to build the building were brought from Burma.Each of the seven wings had three stories upon completion. There were no dormitories and a total of 696 cells. Each cell was  in size with a ventilator located at a height of .
The name, "cellular jail", derived from the solitary cells which prevented any prisoner from communicating with any other. Also, the spokes were so designed such that the face of a cell in a spoke saw the back of cells in another spoke. This way, communication between prisoners was impossible.

Japanese occupation
The Empire of Japan invaded the Andaman islands in 1942 and drove out the British. The Cellular Jail then became home to British prisoners. During this period, Subhas Chandra Bose also visited the island. In 1945, the British resumed control with the end of World War II.

Post Independence
Another two wings of the jail were demolished after India achieved independence. However, this led to protests from several former prisoners and political leaders who saw it as a way of erasing the evidence of their persecution. The remaining three wings and the central tower were therefore converted into a National Memorial on 11th February 1979 by then Prime Minister of India Shri.Morarji Desai.

The Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital was set up in the premises of the Cellular Jail in 1963. It is now a 500-bed hospital with about 40 doctors serving the local population.The centenary of the jail's completion was marked on 10 March 2006.

Reference

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Ross Island is an island of the Andaman Islands.  It belongs to the South Andaman administrative district, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
The island is situated  east from downtown Port Blair.

1941 earthquake 
About nine months before the Japanese take-over of the entire set of islands, Ross Island experienced an earthquake, which caused many people to leave the Island. 
Except for a brief time when the Japanese occupied, the abandonment of Ross Island as a result of the quake continued. The headquarters were then shifted to Port Blair.

Japanese period 
From 1942 to 1945, the island was occupied by the Japanese. The Government House became the residence of the Japanese admiral also for three years (from March 1942 to October 1945). It was during this period that Subhash Chandra Bose, who took the help of Japanese in his fight against the British, stayed at the Island for a day in December 1943. Netaji also hoisted the national tricolor at the top of the Government House. The Japanese too left their imprint on the island which stand in the form of bunkers used as watch points to safeguard the Island from any foreign invasion.

Recapture 
The allies reoccupied the island in 1945 and later abandoned it.

Indian naval post 
In April 1979, the island was handed over to the Navy, which set up a small post, INS Jarawa, named after one of the indigenous tribes of the Andaman group of islands.

Geography 
The island belongs to the Port Blair Islands and lies in the entrance of Port Blair.

Administration 
Politically, Ross Island is part of Port Blair taluk.

Demographics 
Ross Island is an island where no civilian settlement is allowed by the authorities.

Image gallery

References 

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Naya Raipur is between National Highways NH-6 and NH-43, about 17 km  southeast of the current capital Raipur; Swami Vivekananda Airport separates the old and new cities. Naya Raipur is the administrative capital of the State and also caters to the infrastructural needs of industry and trade in the region.
Naya Raipur is surrounded by the cities of Raipur, Arang, Mahasamund, Rajim and Abhanpur. Naya Raipur covers an area of about 8000 hectares. It includes 41 villages out of which 27 villages form the core of Naya Raipur. During the renovation of villages for the construction of Naya Raipur, it displaced the population of one village.

About half of the total acquired land is being used for afforestation, roads, parks, public conveniences, water facilities-canals, green belts etc.; 23%  of the land would be reserved for educational institutions, government offices and public auditoriums etc.; and 30% of the land will be used for residential and economical purposes.

Naya Raipur is India's sixth planned city after Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Bhubaneshwar (Odisha), Gandhinagar (Gujarat), Chandigarh (Punjab & Haryana),  and Navi Mumbai (Maharashtra), and fourth among the capital cities.

The city is expected to house about 4.5 lakh (450,000) people within a decade. There are plans to make it larger and to improve infrastructure in the future.

Vision for development 
 Naya Raipur would be a ‘green city’ in every sense of the term. Large areas would be brought under tree plantation, arrangements would be made for water conservation and waste water recycling, and non-conventional energy resources would be used to the maximum.
 Naya Raipur would reflect the rich heritage and culture of Chhattisgarh and India in its urban design and architecture. Special efforts would be taken to make it a people friendly and visitor friendly city.
 The city's design would a promote sense of security and comfort among its citizens, especially women, children and the physically challenged.

Sports 
Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium is a new cricket field in the city. It seats 65,000 spectators and was opened in 2008. It is the second largest cricket stadium in India and the fourth largest cricket stadium in the world by seating capacity.

The stadium was home ground for two matches for the IPL team Delhi Daredevils during the 2013, 2015 and 2016 Indian Premier League event.

The stadium hosted a half marathon, with the theme "Let us run" on 16 December 2012 to mark Vijay Diwas.

Sunil Gavaskar rated this stadium to as one of the best stadiums in the country and had proposed to use it for all types of matches.

References

Other websites 
 Naya Raipur city portal website
 Naya Raipur Development Authority 

Chhattisgarh
The Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium or Naya Raipur International Cricket Stadium is a cricket field in the city of Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

It is the second largest cricket stadium after Eden Garden cricket stadium (Kolkata) and fourth-largest cricket stadium in the world. The stadium has a seating capacity of 65,000. Inaugurated in 2008, this ground hosted its first ever match in 2010, when the Canada national cricket team arrived in India and played a practice match against the Chhattisgarh state team. In 2013, the stadium was declared as a second host venue for Delhi Daredevils in the Indian Premier League (IPL) and hosted two of its matches.

The stadium is named after Veer Narayan Singh a landlord from Sonakhan who led the 1857 war Indian independence in Chhattisgarh.

References

Other websites
 Picture of stadium 
 Cricinfo Website - Ground Page
 cricketarchive Website - Ground Page
 [More About Chhattisgarh progress 

Chhattisgarh
Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda ( – 3 November 1977) (, FPAS, SI), was a Bangladeshi organic chemist, educationist and writer. He founded the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. From 1969 till 1972, Khuda served as the president of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences.

He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1976 by the Government of Bangladesh for his contribution in education of the country and Independence Day Award in 1986 (posthumous) by the Government of Bangladesh for his contribution in science and technology.

Early life
Khuda was born in Margram village, Birbhum District, Bengal Presidency, British India (now India). He passed Matriculation examination from Calcutta Madrasa in 1918 with First Division. In 1924, he received his MSc degree in Chemistry from Presidency College, Kolkata. Later, he studied in London University. In 1929, he received D. Sc. in physics from this institute.

Works
Khuda was specialized in the field of organic chemistry. He conducted research on herbals, jute, salt, charcoal, soil and minerals. He extracted biochemical elements from local trees and plants that can be used for medical purposes. Khuda and his associates had patent of 18 scientific inventions. One of his most significant inventions was manufacturing of Partex from jute-stick. Other significant scientific innovations by Khuda were manufacturing malt vinegar from the juice of sugarcane and molasses, rayon from jute and jute-sticks, and paper from jute.

Publications
 Bigganer Saras Kahini (Interesting History of Science)
 Bigganer Vichitra Kahini (Wonderful History of Science)
 Bigganer Suchana (Origin of Science)
 Jaiba Rasayan (Organic Chemistry) - four volumes
 Purba Pakistaner Shilpa Sambhabana (Industrial Potentiality of East Pakistan)
 Paramanu Parichiti (An Introduction to the Atom)
 Bigganer Pahela Katha (First Word of Science)
 Pabitra Quraner Puti Kotha O Angari Jaoyara (The Holy Sayings of Quran and Angari Jaoyara)

Awards
 1976: Ekushey Padak by the Government of Bangladesh in education.
 1986: Independence Day Award (posthumous) by the Government of Bangladesh in science and technology.

References

Other websites
 Dr. M. Qudrat-i-Khuda  in Bangladesh Academy of Sciences

1900 births
1977 deaths
Bangladeshi people
Chemists
Recipients of the Ekushey Padak
Bangladeshi Muslims
Recipients of the Independence Day Award
"Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)" is a song written and recorded by British singer-songwriter Phil Collins.  It was first released on March 26, 1984.  The song appears on the soundtrack for the movie of the same name.  The song reached number one in Norway and on the US Billboard Hot 100.  It reached the top five in the UK, Switzerland, Belgium, Sweden, and New Zealand.

Covers 
The song has become popular and covered by many artists, including American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey, who included a cover on her 1999 album, Rainbow.  She later released a new version of the song in 2000 featuring Irish boy band Westlife.  This version reached number one in the UK.

References 

1984 songs
Pop songs
Phil Collins
Albaston () is a hamlet in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in the civil parish of Calstock.

Geography
Albaston is about 1 mile (2 kilometres) from the centre of Gunnislake and half-a-mile (0.7 kilometres) from Gunnislake railway station, the junction of the Tamar Valley Line from Plymouth.

History
In the past, Albaston was closely connected with the nearby mine at Drakewalls. The success of the Drakewalls mine in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century led to the growth of the village of Albaston, including the building of a Methodist chapel and several shops, homes and businesses. A brewery, Edward Bowhay & Brothers, was established by 1877; this brewery had closed by 1930.

Facilities
The village has a Methodist church, known as Tamar Valley Methodist Church. It was opened in 2001.

The Old Post Office House is now rented as a holiday home accommodating nine people.

Notable residents
Christian Pentecostal leader Thomas Ball Barratt was born in Albaston in 1862, the son of a mining engineer. He moved to Norway when his father began working for a mine there and in later life became the founder of the Norwegian Pentecostal movement.

References

Hamlets in Cornwall
A contribution claim is a claim made by one or more people in a court case to get money from a person not involved in the case.

In most cases, contribution claims are made like the original claim itself. The claim must be personally given to the new, third party defendant, by the third party plaintiff (the defendant bringing the claim for contribution relief). In contrast, a counter-claim asserts that the party (usually a defendant) is entitled to offset the damages awarded to plaintiff by the proportionate share of any responsibility, liability, or fault assigned to the plaintiff by the jury. Finally, a cross-claim is the same as a counter-claim or contribution claim, except that it is asserted by a defendant against other defendants. Counter-claims and cross claims do not require personal service because no new parties are being added to the claim.

In some state court systems, a contribution claim must be made as a new case, and the person making it must pay a fee. In other states, no extra fee is required.

Law
Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus (c. 116 – soon after 56 BC), younger brother of the more famous Lucius Licinius Lucullus, was a supporter of Lucius Cornelius Sulla and consul of ancient Rome in 73 BC. As proconsul of Macedonia in 72 BC, he defeated the Bessi in Thrace and advanced to the Danube and the west coast of the Black Sea. In addition, he was marginally involved in the Third Servile War (a.k.a. Spartacus' War).

Roman people
Roman generals
Lu Guanqiu (;17 January 1945 – 25 October 2017) was a Chinese billionaire entrepreneur, and the founder of Wanxiang Group. He was the 18th richest person in China, according to the Hurun Report China Rich List 2013, the 286th richest person in the world, and reportedly the richest person in Zhejiang province. He was a delegate to the Chinese National People's Congress.

Lu died on 25 October 2017 in Hangzhou, China, aged 72.

References

1945 births
2017 deaths
People from Hangzhou
Billionaires
Chinese businesspeople
Cheryl Lea Bustos  (née Callahan; born October 17, 1961) is an American journalist, healthcare executive, and politician. Bustos has served as the U.S. Representative for Illinois's 17th congressional district since 2013. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Bustos is the first woman elected to Congress from her district.

In April 2021, Bustos announced that she would not run for another term in 2022.

References

Other websites
Representative Cheri Bustos official U.S. House website
Cheri Bustos for Congress

 
 

1961 births
Living people
United States representatives from Illinois
Journalists from Illinois
Writers from Springfield, Illinois
Politicians from Springfield, Illinois
US Democratic Party politicians
Lierna is a comune in the province of Lecco in Lombardy, in north-west Italy. It lies on the eastern shore of Lake Como. It is about  north of Milan and about  north-west of Lecco. It has an area of 11.3 km² and has twelve frazioni: Bancola, Casate, Castello, Cisarino, Genico, Giussana, Grumo, La Foppa, Mugiasco, Olcianico, Sornico and Villa. At the end of 2014 the population was 2176 people, in 983 families. Lierna is the most represented village on Lake Como over the centuries in works of art.

Lierna borders the comunes of Esino Lario, Mandello del Lario, Oliveto Lario and Varenna.

History 
The first mention of Lierna dates to 854 AD, but Roman remains, including a mosaic floor now in the Palazzo Belgioioso of Lecco, attest to much earlier settlement. The name of the village may be of Roman or of Celtic origin. Between 1035 and 1202 it was a feud of the Monastery of San Dionigi in Milan. Lierna was contested between Milan and Como, and between the Della Torre and Visconti families. It passed into the hands of the Marchesino Stanga in 1499, and in 1533 to the Sfondrati family of Cremona, who held it until 1788. Lierna became a comune in 1743, when it was separated from that of Mandello.

In 1927 the Milanese sculptor Giannino Castiglioni opened a studio at his house in Lierna. He died in Lierna on 27 August 1971. He left some preparatory plaster casts to the comune; a museum to house them is under construction.

In 1933 an incomplete fossil of  Lariosaurus balsami, a nothosaurid from the Middle Triassic (circa 240 million years ago) of which the first example was discovered at Perledo, some 10 km north of Lierna, was found in a quarry in the frazione of Grumo. It is now in the Museo di Storia Naturale in the Palazzo Belgioioso of Lecco.

Places of interest
Punta di Grumo Beach
Castello di Lierna, a castle built in the 10th century
Chiesa di Sant'Ambrogio, very old church dedicated to Saint Ambrose

Demographics

Related pages 
 Villa Commedia
 The Ancient Roman Mosaic of Lierna on Lake Como
 Leonardo da Vinci

References 

Lake Como
Settlements in Lombardy
Miitopia is a video game for Nintendo 3DS and Nintendo 2DS. You can be a Mage, Princess, Warrior, Flower, Cleric, Vampire and more. In this video game, the plot is to defeat the Dark Lord and become the world's greatest hero, and you have to defeat even stronger monsters and defeat them all. Also, you can get new powers whenever you defeat a monster to get HP. For example if you are a mage you can get spells such as Fire or Lightning. A version for Nintendo Switch was produced as well in 2021.        

2016 video games
Nintendo video games
Role-playing video games
Video games developed in Japan
Nintendo 3DS games
Nintendo Switch games
Marmorera (, ) is a former municipality of the district Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged to form the new municipality of Surses.

References 

Former municipalities of Graubünden
Kahlil Gibran (6 January 1883 – 10 April 1931) was a writer and poet from Lebanon. He wrote books in both English and Arabic.  His most famous book is The Prophet.

Biography 
Gibran was born in Lebanon when it was part of the Ottoman Empire.  His family moved to the United States of America when he was 12 years old and settled in the Boston neighbourhood of South End, at the time the second-largest Syrian and Lebanese ethnic enclave in the USA, and he went to school both in the US and in Lebanon.

He died at the age of 48 in New York City from tuberculosis and cirrhosis of the liver, due to prolonged serious alcoholism.

References

1883 births
1931 deaths
American novelists
American painters
American philosophers
American poets
American sculptors
Christian mystics
Christian writers
Deaths from cirrhosis
Deaths from tuberculosis
Humanists
Infectious disease deaths in New York
Lebanese poets
Lebanese Christians
Ottoman people
Privacy is the ability of a person or group of people to hide information about themselves.  It is also how people choose what information about themselves they want to share.

Many countries have laws about privacy.  Some laws and constitutions protect privacy, such as the United States Constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.  Other laws limit privacy.  For example, taxation laws force people to share information about income with the government.  Companies can also encourage people to share information about themselves in exchange for money or other benefits.

Everyday life
Law
Amalie Emmy Noether (23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935) was a mathematician from Germany who studied abstract algebra.  She studied mathematics at the University of Erlangen, and then joined the faculty at the University of Göttingen.

Her main area of research changed over time. From 1908 to 1919, she studied algebraic invariants and number fields.  Her work on Noether's theorem has been called "one of the most important mathematical theorems ever proved in guiding the development of modern physics". From 1920 to 1926, she developed the theory of ideals in commutative rings.  From 1927–35, she published works on noncommutative algebras and hypercomplex numbers. In addition to her own publications, Noether was generous with her ideas and is credited with several lines of research published by other mathematicians, even in fields far removed from her main work, such as algebraic topology.

References

Further reading
 James, Ioan (2002). Remarkable Mathematicians from Euler to von Neumann. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81777-6.
 Teicher, M., ed. (1999). The Heritage of Emmy Noether. Israel Mathematical Conference Proceedings. Bar-Ilan University, American Mathematical Society, Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-851045-1.
 Byers, Nina (2006), "Emmy Noether", in Byers, Nina; Williams, Gary (eds.), Out of the Shadows: Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-82197-1

Related pages

 Timeline of women in mathematics
 
 .
 

1882 births
1935 deaths
German algebraists
Roy Allen Williams (born August 1, 1950) is an American college basketball coach for the North Carolina Tar Heels.

He started his college coaching career at North Carolina as an assistant coach for Dean Smith in 1978. 
In 1988, Williams became the head coach of the men's basketball team at Kansas, taking them to fourteen consecutive NCAA tournaments, collecting a .805 win percentage and winning nine conference titles over his fifteen-year span. 
In 2003, Williams left Kansas to return to his alma mater North Carolina, replacing Matt Doherty as head coach of the Tar Heels. 
Since returning to North Carolina, Williams has won three national championships, eight Atlantic Coast Conference conference titles, one AP National Coach of the Year award, and two ACC Coach of the Year awards.

Early years
Williams was born in Marion, North Carolina,[3][4] and spent his early years in the small western North Carolina towns of Marion and Spruce Pine. As a child his family relocated to nearby Asheville, where he grew up. In basketball, playing for Coach Buddy Baldwin, he was named all-county and all-conference for two years (1967 and 1968), all-western North Carolina in 1968 and served as captain in the North Carolina Blue-White All-Star Game.[5] Williams has stated that Coach Baldwin was one of the biggest influences in his life.[6]Williams went on to play on the freshman team at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and study the game under coach Dean Smith.

Early coaching years
Williams' first coaching job was in 1973 as a high school basketball and golf coach at Charles D. Owen High School[8] in Black Mountain, North Carolina.[5] He coached basketball and boys' golf for five years and ninth-grade football for four years, and served as athletic director for two years.
In 1978, Williams came back to the University of North Carolina and served as an assistant to Coach Dean Smith from 1978 to 1988. During his tenure as assistant coach, North Carolina went 275–61 and won the NCAA national championship in 1982, the first for Smith and the second for North Carolina. One of Williams' more notable events came as assistant coach when he became instrumental in recruiting Michael Jordan.

Professional players coached

Kansas

 Nick Collison
 Drew Gooden
 Darrin Hancock
 Kirk Hinrich
 Raef LaFrentz
 Greg Ostertag
 Paul Pierce
 Scot Pollard
 Mark Randall (basketball)|Mark Randall
 Ryan Robertson
 Wayne Simien
 Billy Thomas (basketball)|Billy Thomas
 Jacque Vaughn
 Rex Walters

North Carolina

 Harrison Barnes
 Reggie Bullock
 Ed Davis (basketball)|Ed Davis
 Wayne Ellington
 Raymond Felton
 Danny Green (basketball)|Danny Green
 P.J. Hairston
 Tyler Hansbrough
 John Henson (basketball)|John Henson
 Brice Johnson
 Ty Lawson
 Kendall Marshall
 Sean May
 James Michael McAdoo
 Rashad McCants
 David Noel
 Marcus Paige
 J. P. Tokoto
 Jawad Williams
 Marvin Williams
 Brandan Wright
 Tyler Zeller
 Coby White
 Cameron Johnson
 Nasir Little
 Justin Jackson
 Cole Anthony
 Theo Pinson
 Luke Maye

Head coaching record
Tekeda Alemu (born in Addis Ababa, May 5, 1951) is a diplomat to the United Nations. He represents his country, Ethiopia.

Biography 
Tekeda Alemu has served as a diplomat for many years, starting in 1983. 

For the month of September 2017, he served as the president of the United Nations Security Council.

References 

Living people
1951 births
Ethiopian people
Ambassadors to the United Nations
International relations
The Dore is a river in central France in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, in the Puy-de-Dôme department. It is a right tributary of the Allier river and it is one of the three more important tributaries of the Allier river (with the Sioule and Alagnon rivers).

Geography
The Dore river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its valley is between the Monts du Forez, to the east, and the Monts du Livradois, to the west.

Course
The Dore starts in the place known as Bois de Berny, in the commune of Saint-Bonnet-le-Bourg, (Puy-de-Dôme department), at an altitude of about . From here, the Dore flows first to the southeast and then to the northwest.

The Dore river flows within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, the Puy-de-Dôme department and 21 communes. It flows through the following communes, among others: Dore-l’Église, Marsac-en-Livradois, Ambert, Vertolaye, Olliergues, Sauviat, Courpière, Néronde-sur-Dore, Peschadoires, Dorat, Puy-Guillaume.

Finally, it flows into the Allier river in the commune of Ris.

Main tributaries
The main tributaries of the Dore river are:

Left tributaries:
 Dolore - 28.1 km
 Miodet - 30.4

Right tributaries:
 Faye - 24.6 km
 Couzon - 22.4 km
 Durolle - 32.1
 Credogne - 27.8

Hydrology 
Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Dorat in the Puy-de-Dôme department, for the period 1991 - 2017.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Dorat (1991 - 2017)

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Rivers of France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes