cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mental calculation or mental maths is doing arithmetic without using any tools such as a computer or a calculator. and without writing anything down. Mental calculation uses only the human brain. People who use mental arithmetic use shortcuts to make the calculation easier. 

Mental calculation often involves the use of specific techniques devised for specific types of problems. There are specific methods for adding, subtracting, multiplying or dividing and more calculations such as squaring numbers or its opposite [square] "root finding". And even specific methods depending on the numbers used, such as "multiply by 10" or "multiply any 2-digit numbers", or "square numbers near 50".

Calculation methods 
There are many methods to do mental operations such as multiplying.

To multiply an integer by 10, simply add an extra 0 to the end of the number.  To multiply a non-integer by 10, move the decimal point to the right one digit.  In general  for 100, 1000, 10000 and so on, multiply by ten for repeatedly for each zero in that number.

Another way to do multiplications with two numbers is to use binomial formulas.

Other websites 
 Mental Arithmetic  -History topics

Mathematics
Caligula (Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, 31 August 12 – 24 January 41) was the third Roman Emperor. He reigned from AD 37. After only four years, he was assassinated by members of his bodyguard and the Roman Senate. During his reign, many innocent people were killed without fair trials. Even with all that, he was popular with the Roman public in his time.

Life 
Caligula's father Germanicus was the nephew and adoptive son of emperor Tiberius. He was a very successful general. He was one of Rome's most beloved public figures.

When Germanicus died at Antioch in 19 AD, his mother Agrippina the Elder returned to Rome with her six children. She had a bitter feud with Tiberius. That eventually led to the destruction of her family. Caligula was the only male survivor. In 31, he joined the emperor on the island of Capri. Tiberius had gone there five years earlier. When Tiberius died in 37, Caligula became emperor.

There are few surviving sources on Caligula's reign. He is described as a noble and moderate ruler during the first two years of his rule. After this, the sources focus upon his cruelty, extravagance, and sexual perversity, presenting him as an insane tyrant.

Caligula worked to give more authority to the emperor. He put a lot of his effort into ambitious construction projects and luxurious dwellings for himself. He started the construction of two new aqueducts in Rome: the Aqua Claudia and the Anio Novus. During his reign, the empire took over the Kingdom of Mauretania and made it into a province.

In early 41, Caligula was assassinated. There was a conspiracy involving officers of the Praetorian Guard, members of the Roman Senate and members of the imperial court. After Caligula's death, the conspirators' tried to bring back the Roman Republic, but they were unsuccessful. The Praetorian Guard declared Caligula's uncle Claudius emperor in his place.

Ancestry
Ancestors of Caligula

Insanity? 
There are stories about Caligula that show cruelty and insanity. He was accused of killing just for amusement. He was accused of committing incest with his sisters and prostituting them with other men. He was accused of turning the palace into a brothel.

Caligula appeared in public dressed as various gods. He demanded to be worshipped as a god. There was a legend that he appointed a horse to the priesthood.

It is difficult to know anything for certain about Caligula. Only two sources from his time still exist. Those are the works of Philo and Seneca. They give mostly anecdotes. At one time, there were detailed histories on Caligula. Now they are lost. Caligula's sister, Agrippina the Younger, wrote an autobiography which certainly had a lot of information about Caligula's reign. It is also lost. No surviving source paints Caligula in a favorable light. It is not known whether Caligula was insane.

Relics
In 2017 a mosaic from one of Caligula's Lake Nemi pleasure ships was discovered in New York City

References

Other websites

 

 
 

12 births
41 deaths
Roman Emperors
Counter-Strike Source is a first-person shooter computer game developed by Valve Corporation. The game normally involves 2 teams, one called 'Terrorists' or 'T' for short and 'Counter Terrorists' or 'CT' for short. The two teams have different guns and objectives. For example, Terrorists can use the AK-47 and Counter Terrorists can use the M4A1.

About the game 
The game started off as a modification of Half-Life, called Counter-Strike. Its popularity grew enough that Valve made it into a retail game. Counter-Strike: Source is essentially the same game on the Source engine. It remains one of the most popular online shooter games in the world. The game has real-life weapons. Most of them are still used today.

Modes 
There are two officials modes, bomb-defusal and hostage rescue. The aim of the game generally is to kill the opposing force and carrying out other objectives such as defusing bombs and rescuing hostages.

Changes from the community 
These changes called modifications or "mods" for short, are created by the game's players generally and are not regarded as official changes. There are many mods such as Warcraft, Deathmatch, Gungame, Zombie Survival, and surf.

Reception
 Metacritic 88

Other websites 
 Official site
 Counter-Strike: Source GameSpot profile
 Counter-Strike: Source player videos and images at Xfire
 Counter-Strike: Source servers
 N/U Counter-Strike: Source Community

2004 video games
Windows games
Pyromania is an impulse control disorder involving and obsession with fire and explosives. Pyromaniacs frequently set fire to things. They get pleasure or relief from seeing things burn. Pyromaniacs are often convicted of arson. When children have pyromania, later in life they usually are diagnosed with a mental disorder. Pyromaniacs set fire to relieve stress and it gives them pleasure and relief.

Impulse control disorders
Oscar de la Hoya (born February 4, 1973), also known as the "Golden Boy", is a former boxer. He is Mexican-American. He won a gold medal for the United States at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

References

Other websites

 Official Site, Golden Boy Promotions

American boxers
American Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
1973 births
Living people
San Salvador Island, also known as Watling Island,  is an island in the Bahamas, that is said to have been found by Christopher Columbus during his first trip to the New World.  It has a population of about 1,000 people, and it is a very good tourist spot.

Other websites
Info on Watling Island

Islands of the Bahamas
Districts of the Bahamas
Jane Roberts (May 8, 1929 – September 5, 1984) was an American author, psychic and trance medium  who "channeled" a spirit named Seth. The publication of the Seth books established her as an important person in the world of the paranormal. She wrote short stories, novels and children's books.

Selected writings

 Roberts, Jane (1974). The Nature of Personal Reality. Amber-Allen Publishing. 
 Roberts, Jane (1981). The Individual and the Nature of Mass Events. Amber-Allen Publishing. 
 Roberts, Jane and Robert F. Butts (1994). Seth Speaks: The Eternal Validity of the Soul. Amber-Allen Publishing. 

1929 births
1984 deaths
Writers from New York
The pound (£) is the currency used by Egypt, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Jersey and the United Kingdom where it is called Pound sterling. Centuries ago, it was one Troy Pound (mass) of silver coins. 

Currency of Africa
Currency of Europe
Alb-Donau (Alemannic German: Alb-Donau-Krois) is a rural district or county (Landkreis) in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

History 

The history of the region is linked with the history of Ulm and the Swabian Alb.

The district of Alb-Donau was established in 1973 by joining the former districts of Ulm and Ehingen.

Geography 

The city of Ulm is surrounded by the district. The government of the county is in Ulm, even though Ulm is not a part of the districztIt is the administrative seat of the Alb-Donau district, although it is not part of the district.

The district is named after the Danube River (German Donau) and the Swabian Alb (Schwäbische Alb) mountains. The Danube enters the district in the southwest, runs through the southern parts of the district and leaves eastwards to Ulm. North of the Danube banks the hills of the Swabian Alb rise. The hill chain extends from southwest to northeast parallel to the course of the Danube River and is continued on either side of the district. An affluent of the Danube, the Iller River, forms the southeastern border of the Alb-Donau district, before it meets the Danube in Ulm.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official website  (German)

1973 establishments
The Hudson Bay is a bay that goes into East-central Canada. It is the fourth largest sea in the world with an area of 316,000 square miles (819,000 square kilometres). The northern and western shores belong to Nunavut, the southern shore is split between Manitoba and Ontario, and the eastern shore belongs to Quebec. It is connected with the Atlantic Ocean through the Hudson Strait, which is in the northeast of the bay, and with the Arctic Ocean through the Foxe Channel in the north part of the bay.

It was named for the English explorer Henry Hudson, who, in 1610 on the ship Discovery, found the bay and clamed it for England.

Other websites 
Britannica Online-Hudson Bay

Seas
Bays of Canada
La fanciulla del West, meaning The Girl of the Golden West, is an opera by Puccini. The opera is three acts long. It was based on the play The Girl of the Golden West by David Belasco. The first showing of the opera was at the Metropolitan Opera, New York, in 1910.

1910s operas
1910
Toni Morrison (born Chloe Ardelia Wofford; February 18, 1931 – August 5, 2019) was an African-American author. She was the second child in her working-class family. 

She normally wrote about racial discrimination (racism, mainly the dislike of blacks). She won awards for writing some books and she changed African-American history. She was perhaps the most successful mainly story-writing African woman in the world. 

She was a famous writer and she got her good writing by the people she looked up to. They were B.W.Jones and A.I.Vinson. Her first novel (The Bluest Eyes) is the story of a girl ruined by a racist society and its violence and she had son named slade who she wrote this book with dreaming emmett. One of her books, Beloved, was made into a movie in 1998. This movie starred Oprah Winfrey.

Morrison died at a hospital in The Bronx, New York City on August 5, 2019, from problems caused by pneumonia, aged 88.

References

1931 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in New York City
Writers from Ohio
American novelists
American poets
American Nobel Prize winners
People from Lorain, Ohio
Jacques Arcadelt (also called Jacob Arcadelt) (born probably in Liège,  1504 or 1505; died Paris, 14 October  1568)  was a Franco-Flemish composer in the Renaissance period.  He was an extremely popular composer of madrigals and chansons. 

We know hardly anything about his early life, but we know he was living in Rome by 1539 whe was made a member of the Julian Chapel.  Soon he joined the Sistine Chapel, where he had the job of "magister puerorum" (director of the boys choir), and later he became choirmaster.  In the same year he published four of his total of six books of madrigals for four voices.  Probably around 1553 he moved to France, where he spent the rest of his life.  He wrote a very large number of chansons (French songs). He also wrote some masses.

Arcadelt's music became extremely popular because it was quite simple and easy to sing with beautiful melodies that people could remember. One very famous madrigal is called Il bianco e dolce cigno (The white and gentle swan).  The style of Arcadelt’s music influenced the next generation of madrigal composers.

1500s births
1568 deaths
Arcadelt, Jacques
Arcadelt, Jacques
The Sarah Jane Adventures was a science fiction television series, that started in 2007 and ended in 2011, due to Elisabeth Sladen's death. It was a spin off from the British cult series Doctor Who.

The series starred Elisabeth Sladen as the journalist Sarah Jane Smith, who was a companion of the Third and Fourth Doctor in the classic Doctor Who series. Sladen played the original part of Sarah Jane from 1973 until 1976. Sarah Jane was considered the most popular companion of the Doctor and appeared in the new series episode "School Reunion" along with her robot dog, K-9.

Unlike the other spin off of Doctor Who, Torchwood, the target audience for The Sarah Jane Adventures was children as it is shown on CBBC.

Connections to Doctor Who 
The series featured many connections to Doctor Who.  The Slitheen family, who first appeared in the Doctor Who episode "Aliens of London" appeared in two stories in the first series, and the Sontarans, who first appeared in the Doctor Who story The Time Warrior featured in two stories in the Second series. The character Doctor Who also appeared in the episodes "The Wedding of Sarah Jane Smith" (played by David Tennant) and "Death of the Doctor" (played by Matt Smith).

Doctor Who also used ideas from The Sarah Jane Adventures. In the Doctor Who episode "Turn Left", the Doctor makes a reference to the Trickster - an enemy who had only featured in The Sarah Jane Adventures. Sarah Jane also appeared with her son Luke Smith in the Doctor Who episodes "The Stolen Earth" and "Journey's End".

Episodes

Special (2007) 
The first episode was a 60-minute special, and served as a basic introduction to the series.

Series 1 (2007) 
The first series featured five stories. Each story was made up of two episodes.

Series 2 (2008) 
The second series featued six stories.  As with the first series, each story was made up of two episodes

Comic Relief Special (2009) 
A short, 5-minute special was made for the 2009 Comic Relief appeal.

Series 3 (2009) 
The third series featured six stories. As with previous series, each story was made up of two episodes.

Series 4 (2010) 
The fourth series featured six stories. As with previous series, each story was made up of two episodes. The final episode of this series was the last to air before Elisabeth Sladen's death on the 19th of April, 2011.

Series 5 (2011) 
The fifth series only featured three stories, as those three were filmed alongside series four, before Elisabeth Sladen's death. As with the previous series, they were all made of two episodes.

Related pages
List of Characters in The Sarah Jane Adventures
Doctor Who

Doctor Who
2007 television series debuts
BBC Television programmes
British science fiction television series
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
Dailymotion is the world's largest independent video sharing website. It is based in Paris, France. Dailymotion was started March 15, 2005 by Benjamin Bejbaum and Olivier Poitrey.

Websites established in 2005
Francesca Lia Block (born January 3, 1962 in Los Angeles, California) is the writer of many books for teenagers. She is best known for the Weetzie Bat series of books. Block wrote her first book, Weetzie Bat, while she was a student at UC Berkeley. Harper Collins published it in 1989.  She is known for her use of imagery, or ability to paint pictures with words. This is best seen in describing the city of Los Angeles.

Block was born in Los Angeles to a poet and a painter. The creativity they gave Francesca was a big influence on what she wrote. Another influence was her love of Greek mythology and fairy tales when she was a child.

Block belongs to the Authors Guild, Authors League of America, and the Writers Guild of America.

Works

Weetzie Bat Series 
 Weetzie Bat (1989)
 Witch Baby (1991)
 Cherokee Bat and the Goat Guys (1992)
 Missing Angel Juan (1993)
 Baby Be-Bop (1995)
 Necklace of Kisses (2005)

Weetzie Bat Collections 
 Dangerous Angels: The Weetzie Bat Books (collection) (1998)
 Beautiful Boys: Two Weetzie Bat Books (collection) (2004)
 Goat Girls: Two Weetzie Bat Books (collection) (2004)

Books 
 Ecstasia (1993)
 The Hanged Man (1994)
 Primavera (1994)
 I Was A Teenage Fairy (1998)
 Violet and Claire (1999)
 Echo (2001)
 Wasteland (2003)
 Ruby (2006)
 Psyche In A Dress (2006)

Collections 
 Moon Harvest: Poems (poetry) (1978)
 Season of Green: Poems (poetry) (1979)
 The Rose and the Beast: Nine Fairy Tales (1993)
 Girl Goddess #9: Nine Stories(1996)
 Nymph: Nine Erotic Stories (2000)

Nonfiction 
 Zine Scene: the do it yourself guide to zines (1998)
 Guarding the Moon: A Mother's First Year (2003)

Other websites 
 Official Website
 Francesca Lia Block shrine

1962 births
Living people
Writers from Los Angeles
S.K. Rapid Wien is an Austrian football club. Rapid Wien was founded in 1898 and is one of the major clubs in Austria. The club plays in Vienna. Rapid is Austria's most successful team with 32 championships wins. Rapid also won a German title in 1941 when the country was part of Germany.

History

The club was founded in 1898 as First Workers' Football Club of Vienna but was renamed in S(port) K(lub) Rapid Wien on 8 January 1899. The first coulors were red and white. The teams uses these colours in away matches today. 

During the years before World War II, Rapid was one of the most successful clubs in Europe. Before the Second World War, Rapid won the Viennese championship 16 times. In these years there was no nationwide championship because professional football teams only played in Vienna. In 1930 Rapid won the Mitropacup against Sparta Praha (2:0; 3:2) (La Coupe de l'Europe Centrale), one of the first international competitions in Europe. Around this time, the rivalry with the other great club of Vienna, FK Austria, started and continues today. Rapid was the club of the working class, while supporters of FK Austria were more middle class. After the annexation of Austria through Nazi-Germany in 1938 Rapid played in the Gauliga Ostmark. Rapid won the Tschammerpokal (Cup) in 1938 with a 3–1 victory over FSV Frankfurt. 1941 they won the Championship  versus Schalke 04 (4-3).

Almost since the beginning of the club's history, the fans announce the last 15 minutes with clapping of their hands, the "Rapidviertelstunde". 

SK Rapid only won the Austrian championship twice since 2000. The greatest success in recent years was the victory over the Premier League club Aston Villa in the last qualifying round for the UEFA Europa League 2009 and 2010. They played in the group stage twice, but they did not reach the next round. Rapid last reached the group stage of the UEFA Champions League in 2005–06. They finished last in their group and lost all their matches.

Current squad

Out on loan

Coaching history (21st century)

Famous players

   Josef Bican
  Franz Binder
  Robert Dienst
  Ernst Dokupil
  Toni Fritsch 
  Gerhard Hanappi
  Ernst Happel 
  Andreas Herzog
  Josef Hickersberger
  Alfred Körner
  Robert Körner
  Hans Krankl
  Max Merkel
  Erich Probst
  Karl Rappan
  Josef Uridil
  Walter Zeman
  Zlatko Kranjčar
  Antonín Panenka

Honours

 National Austrian Championship (16): 1951, 1952, 1954, 1956, 1957, 1960, 1964, 1967, 1968, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1995–96, 2004–05, 2007–08

 Viennese Championship (16): 1912, 1913, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1923, 1929, 1930, 1935, 1938, 1940, 1941, 1946, 1948 

 Austrian Cup (14): 1919, 1920, 1927, 1946, 1961, 1968, 1969, 1972, 1976, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1995

 Austrian Supercup: 1986, 1987, 1988, 2008 (Unofficial edition)

 German War-time Championship: 1941

 German War-time Cup: 1938

 Mitropa Cup: 1930, 1951

 Intertoto Cup: 1992, 1993

 Cup Winners' Cup Runners Up: 1985, 1996

Gallery

References

Wien, SK Rapid
Wien, SK Rapid
The Regionalverband Saarbrücken is a Kommunalverband besonderer Art, that is, it is a special mix of a rural district and a district free city. It is located in the south of the Saarland, Germany.

History 
The district Saarbrücken was originally created in 1816.
In 1974 the district and the district-free city Saarbrücken were merged, and the new administrative body was named Stadtverband Saarbrücken. Although it's not a district like others, most of its administrative tasks are same as those of a district.

Geography 
The Saar River flows through the district, through the city Saarbrücken in the centre of the district.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)
Sinaloa is a northwestern Mexican state. It is bordered by Sonora to the north, Chihuahua to the northeast, Durango to the east, and Nayarit to the south. To the west lies the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California, also known as the Sea of Cortez. 

 
States of Mexico
Mass media are media like radio, television, internet or other things that reach many people.  Television is most used.  We can see and hear  news from around the world.  Radio also brings music and news.  Books supply older and more detailed material.  The internet is also important.  We can search for all the news and information.  Websites like Wikipedia and about.com give information about many things.  Libraries are also important.  In libraries we can read books and listen to music.

The term was coined in the 1920s with the advent of nationwide radio networks, mass-circulation newspapers and magazines, although mass media (like books and manuscripts) were present centuries before the term became common.

Related pages 
 Media studies
 Associated Press
Rail or rails could mean:

 A guard rail for safety or support
 Handrail on a stairway
 Rallidae, the group of birds called rails
 Railway track
 The hot rolled steel profiles used on rail tracks or tramway tracks
 Railway rail
 Vignoles rail 
 Flanged T rail
 Grooved rail
 Barlow rail
 Rail transport
 Rail (band), an American band
 Batten (theater), rail in theatrical lighting
 Power supply rail, a voltage rail. A single voltage provided by a power supply unit
Common rail, a fuel injection system
 R4!L or Rail: English/American disc jockey and producer
 A third rail used to provide electricity to a trains locomotive

Basic English 850 words
Kublai Khan (23 Sept. 1215 - 18 Feb. 1294) was a Mongol khan, or military ruler, who brought the Mongol Empire to its greatest height. He finished the invasion of China and was also the founder of the Yuan Dynasty. He lived during the 13th century AD. Kublai Khan was the grandson of the great Mongol king Genghis Khan.

Kublai Khan was born to Tolui Khan, and his wife Sorghaghtani. While growing up, he participated in campaigns with his father, until he was 17 when his father died. He had also participated in campaigns with his older brother. When his brother died in 1259, Kublai had to fight against his younger brother to become Great Khan even though he was next in line to rule. 

Kublai led armies against the Song Dynasty and took over most of China and much of Asia. As the first foreigner to rule all of China, he established the Yuan Dynasty, which had Chinese ideas but Mongolian roots.

References 

Mongolian people
1215 births
1294 deaths
Bertrand du Guesclin (c. 1320 – 13 July 1380), was a French knight from Brittany who fought in the Hundred Years' War. He was Constable of France from 1370 to his death. He was important to the French successes in the war under Charles V of France.

1320 births
1380 deaths

Hundred Years' War
French people
Knights
Horse racing is a sport in which a race is held between racehorses (horses bred for racing).  Racehorses are most often thoroughbreds.  The Kentucky Derby is a major horserace that is held at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky every year.  The Kentucky Derby is part of the Triple Crown, which includes two other races.  Yonkers, New York is a major venue for harness racing.

Important races outside the US include Longchamp near Paris, the Dubai Gold Cup and the Melbourne Cup, held every year in Australia on the second Tuesday of November. Heralded as "the race that stops the nation," this one race alone keeps hatmakers in the city of Melbourne in business for an entire year. Every year, during the cup, over 11 million people from Australia and New Zealand tune in to listen to the race, starting at 3:00pm.

Racing is also popular in the UK and Ireland. Major races include Ascot, Newmarket and the Grand National. Racing also takes place at Epsom, Chepstow, Goodwood, York, Cheltenham and Punchestown, County Kildare.

In the Far East Japan, Hong Kong, Macau and Singapore are major race centres.

Other websites 

 racing - Citizendium
The Treaty of Troyes (1420) tried to change the inheritance rule for the kings of France, but did not succeed at doing that. This treaty said that Henry V of England and his sons would become kings of France after the death of Charles VI of France. The treaty tried to disinherit the future Charles VII of France. The treaty did not work because Henry V and Charles VI died two months apart and Joan of Arc recaptured land for Charles VII.

Hundred Years' War
Troyes
1420
15th century in France
1420s in Europe
Charles VII of France (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461), was King of France from 1422 to his death. He was not crowned as king until 1429 because England controlled large parts of France. His father, Charles VI of France, had disinherited him. He was called “King of Bourges” because Bourges was one of the few places he still controlled.

Joan of Arc took back land for him, but she was burned at the stake after he refused to pay her ransom. The Hundred Years' War ended while Charles VII was king. The English were left with only a small area around Calais

1403 births
1461 deaths
Burials at the Basilica of St Denis
House of Valois
People from Paris
Hundred Years' War
Kings and Queens of France
The Madison Square Garden (frequently called The Garden or MSG) is an indoor arena in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The arena is home of the New York Knicks NBA team and the New York Rangers of the NHL. It also is the site of many concerts and special events each year and a few college basketball games are played there There have been four arenas with the name Madison Square Garden at three different sites in Manhattan. The first was an open-air arena built in 1879 at East 26th Street and Madison Avenue, also known as Madison Square. It was torn down and replaced with an indoor arena at the same site in 1890. The third MSG, on Eighth Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets, opened in 1925. The current Madison Square Garden opened in 1968. It is at 4 Penn Plaza, close to the intersection of 8th Avenue & 33rd Street in Manhattan, New York City. Was named after 4th President of the United States of America.

Seats 
The arena has six sections of seats. One of them is not open if hockey is played, because a hockey rink is larger than a basketball court. The other sections used to have different colors. There were red, orange, yellow, brown and blue seats. However, the fans of the New York Rangers only wanted to sit in the blue seats. They did not want to use any of the other sections. They even did not let other fans use the blue seats. For this reason, the MSG does not use these colors today. The most active fans sit in the section 400.

The number of people who can visit the arena changes. If hockey is played and the first section is taken out to make room for the rink, 18,200 people may be there. For basketball, 19,763 people can watch. Up to 20,000 people may watch a concert in the arena.

Important events 
 The track cycling race known as the "madison" was invented at the second Garden, and named after both the first and second Gardens. Both arenas were important cycling venues in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
 In 1962, the U.S. President John F. Kennedy celebrated his 45th birthday in the third MSG. At the party, Marilyn Monroe sang the song Happy Birthday.
 In 2007, Elton John celebrated his 60th birthday in the current MSG. It was also his 60th concert in this arena with all tickets sold.
 The Big East Conference holds its annual men's basketball tournament at MSG

Concerts 
 Bob Marley
 Led Zeppelin
 Frank Sinatra
 Elton John
 Elvis Presley
 Rolling Stones
 Madonna
 John Lennon
 Guns N' Roses
 Michael Jackson
 Lady Gaga
 Justin Bieber
 One Direction
 Litte Mix
 Ariana Grande
 5 Seconds Of Summer

Home teams 
 New York Rangers (NHL)
 New York Knicks (NBA)
 New York Liberty (WNBA)
 St. John's Red Storm men's basketball (NCAA) – most home games

Sports buildings in New York City
WrestleMania host
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
New York Rangers
Luis Aragonés (28 July 1938- 1 February 2014), became active as a Spanish football player in 1957 and football coach in 1974. He played in, and was involved in managing, Real Oviedo, Real Betis Balompié, and Atlético Madrid. Additionally, he participated in coaching Barcelona, Valencia, Sevilla, Espanyol Barcelona, Mallorca and Fenerbahçe.

Club career statistics

|-
|1960/61||Real Oviedo||La Liga||13||4
|-
|1961/62||rowspan="3"|Real Betis Balompié||rowspan="3"|La Liga||28||8
|-
|1962/63||30||14
|-
|1963/64||24||11
|-
|1964/65||rowspan="11"|Atlético Madrid||rowspan="11"|La Liga||30||19
|-
|1965/66||28||18
|-
|1966/67||23||11
|-
|1967/68||28||16
|-
|1968/69||17||4
|-
|1969/70||30||16
|-
|1970/71||17||3
|-
|1971/72||31||11
|-
|1972/73||32||16
|-
|1973/74||23||9
|-
|1974/75||6||0
360||160
360||160
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1965||1||0
|-
|1966||2||0
|-
|1967||1||0
|-
|1968||4||1
|-
|1969||0||0
|-
|1970||2||2
|-
|1971||0||0
|-
|1972||1||0
|-
!Total||11||3
|}

References

1938 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
Spanish football managers
Spanish footballers
Sportspeople from Madrid
Küttigkofen is a former municipality in the Bucheggberg district, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Aetigkofen, Aetingen, Bibern, Brügglen, Gossliwil, Hessigkofen, Küttigkofen, Kyburg-Buchegg, Mühledorf and Tscheppach merged to form the new municipality of Buchegg.

References 

Former municipalities of Solothurn
Langendorf is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Laupersdorf is a municipality in the district Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Lohn-Ammannsegg is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. It is the combination of 2 municipalities: Lohn and Ammannsegg.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Mieszko I (c. 935 – May 25, 992) was a duke of the Polans and the first christian ruler of Poland. He was father of Boleslaw I, first polish king. His politican masterpiece called ,,The Baptism of Poland" caused, that germans,bohemians and vielets didn't anymore attacked Poland, beacause he got a baptism from the bishop from the Bohemia, which was a german Fiefdom.

Family
He was a son of the Siemomysł, the ruler of Polans, and grandson of the Lestek, she was also a father of: Boleslaw I of Poland, the first king of Poland, Mieszko Mieszkowic, Świętosława, the queen of the Vikings and the Granfather of Cnut the Great, the king of the vikings, Mieszko Mieszkowic, Lambert Mieszkowic and Vladivoj - the Duke of Bohemia

Mieszko I (c. 935 – May 25, 992) was a duke of the Polans and the first christian ruler of Poland. He was father of Boleslaw I, first polish king. His politican masterpiece called ,,The Baptism of Poland" caused, that germans,bohemians and vielets didn't anymore attacked Poland, beacause he got a baptism from the bishop from the Bohemia, which was a german Fiefdom.

The Politics
Mieszko was a great politican, an example of his politician and strategist genius was the fact, that he adopted christianity from the Bishop from Bohemia, which was a german fiefdom, and he stopped most of the attacks of Vielets, Bohemians and Germans. He was also a big friend of the Holy Roman Empire's Emperor. He conquered almost all of the terrains of today's Poland and he United all of the Polish tribes in one country, with the capital in Gniezno.

Blindness 
Gallus Anonymus writes that Mieszko was blind until his 7th birthday. That information was used by later chroniclers, but it's probably just an allegory.

Catholicism 
Mieszko was the first catholic ruler in Poland, he married Dobrawa of Bohemia and after that got baptised.

References  
 Ilustrowany Poczet Królów i Książąt Polskich

935 births
992 deaths
Polish dukes
Piast dynasty
OneRepublic is an American pop rock band that formed in Colorado. The band has become popular after the release of their hit single, "Apologize". The remix was listed on Timbaland's Shock Value and  Dreaming Out Loud.

Members 
Ryan Tedder - vocals, guitar, piano
Zach Filkins - guitar, vocals
Eddie Fisher - drums, percussion
Brent Kutzle - bass guitar, cello, vocals, keyboards
Drew Brown - guitar

Early career 
Since the summer of 2006, OneRepublic has usually been ranked as one of the top musical acts on MySpace, because of a lot of exposure within the online community. They were started by songwriter and record producer Ryan Tedder and his high school friend Zach Filkins in Colorado Springs. The group became official in 2003 with Tedder, Filkins, Drew Brown, Eddie Fisher, and Tim Myers in Los Angeles. After signing a deal with Columbia Records they entered the studio in the summer of 2005 with producer Greg Wells with two songs produced by lead singer Ryan Tedder. After a brief stint on Columbia, they moved to Interscope Records/Mosley Music Group. Tim Myers left the group in 2007 and Brent Kutzle replaced him.

2007: "Apologize" and the debut album 
OneRepublic's song "Apologize" was listed on Timbaland's 2007 release Shock Value. The song was released as the single in its original form on the band's debut album Dreaming Out Loud. In addition the single is almost double platinum (marking two million copies sold in the U.S.) It peaked at number three on the U.K. Official Top 40 Week on November 11, 2007.

The band performed "Apologize" live on Fox's So You Think You Can Dance on August 2, 2007. In October 2007, they performed "Apologize" on an episode of One Life to Live, along with Timbaland. It was also played at the end of the television show Cold Case episode "Sabotage".

The follow up single to "Apologize" is "Stop and Stare" as announced on their MySpace page. In 2007, the group went on tour with various opening acts. In 2008, they announced a tour with The Daylights,  Maroon 5, Brandi Carlile, and Ry Cuming.

Discography

Albums

Singles

Other charting songs

References

Other websites 
Official website 
Official MySpace
Onerepublic.us
French Website 
OneRepublic interview on ilikemusic.com November 2007
Interview on Digital Spy November 2007
One Republic performances & behind the scenes footage 

2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American pop rock bands
Musical groups from Missouri
 
2004 establishments in the United States
21st-century establishments in Missouri
40 Wall Street, also known as the Trump Building, is a skyscraper in New York City, United States.  It is 283 meters (927 feet) tall and has 70 floors.  It was built in 1930 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

40 Wall Street was the tallest building in the world from April to May 1930.  Before it was built, the tallest building in the world was the Woolworth Building. The Chrysler Building became the tallest a few months later.

At first it was named the Bank of the Manhattan Company Building, but when the name of the bank changed the building was named for its address of 
40 Wall Street.  When Donald Trump bought the building in 1995 he changed it to The Trump Building.

Photo Gallery

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the world
 List of tallest buildings in New York City

References

Other websites 

 Emporis.com - The Trump Building
 SkycraperPage.com – The Trump Building

Skyscrapers in New York City
Donald Trump
1930 establishments in the United States
1930s establishments in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
New York City Designated Landmarks
Brent Kutzle (born 1985) is an American musician, born in Newport Beach, California. He has written and performed for various musicians both underground music (Vermeer, Augustine, This Allure, Vanessa Jourdan, Venus Infers, Jessica Dobson, and Torrent) and mainstream. Brent is best known for playing the bass guitar and cello for OneRepublic (Interscope Records). When he was 13, he attended McGarvin Intermediate School in Westminster, California. He also attended La Quinta High School in Westminster, California, California Baptist University in Riverside and Vanguard University in Costa Mesa.

American rock guitarists
People from Newport Beach, California
Musicians from Los Angeles
American pop musicians
American classical musicians
Electronic musicians
1985 births
Living people
OneRepublic
Pop rock is a subgenre of pop music and rock music that uses catchy pop style, with light lyrics over top of guitar-based songs. Pop rock is very popular. Famous singers like Taylor Swift sing in the pop rock zone.

Other websites 
 Server about alternative rock music 
 Analysis of pop & rock 

[[Category:Pop rock]) through our website we can do something special for it's website l
Shock Value is the second solo studio album by record producer and rapper Timbaland.  It is his fifth album overall.  The album has a long list of guest artists, among them Fall Out Boy, Justin Timberlake, The Hives, Keri Hilson, Nelly Furtado, Missy Elliott, 50 Cent, Dr. Dre, OneRepublic, Elton John, Magoo and Nicole Scherzinger.

Sales and certifications
The album debuted at #5 on the U.S. Billboard 200, with 138,000 copies sold. It debuted at number ten in the U.K. and on the week of July 22 went to number five. The album then reached number two in the UK and number thirteen in France.

The album was certified Platinum in Canada (100,000 units) by the CRIA in August 2007. On the Australian ARIA Albums Chart, Shock Value was certified 3x Platinum with sales of 210,000+ copies.

In BBC Radio 1's end of year chart for 2007, Shock Value was the ninth most bought album in the UK.

Track listing

References

2007 albums
Hip hop albums
Pop albums
"Apologize" is a song released by OneRepublic. It is on their first album, Dreaming Out Loud. The song charted well around the world. It reached number one in Australia, Austria, Germany, New Zealand, Sweden, Turkey, The Netherlands and the United World Chart. The song has reached the United States and United Kingdom Top 5. It spent thirteen weeks at number one in Canada. It was ranked 15th in the Year End Chart of the United World Chart.

Other websites 
 "Apologize" music video with lyrics
 "Apologize" music video featuring Timbaland, with lyrics

OneRepublic songs
2007 songs
Interscope Records is an American major record label. It is owned by Universal Music Group. The label was founded by Jimmy Lovine and Ted Field as a joint venture with Atlantic Records. One of the main features of the company was weak control over the musicians, which allowed them to freely implement their ideas in creativity. Already in 1993, a year after its founding, the label's profits recouped the $20 million invested in its opening. Until May 2014, the CEO of the company was Lovine, after which he was replaced by John Yanick.  

In 1992, Interscope acquired the exclusive distribution rights for the releases of hip-hop-specialized label Death Row Records, whose artists were the then popular rappers Tupac Shakur, Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg. Subsequently, due to the distribution of the gangsta rap albums by the company, the label was embroiled in significant conflict with members of the public. As a result, in 1995 Time Warner, owner of Universal Music Group, severed ties with Interscope, selling 50% of the shares to Field and Lovine for $115 million. In 1996, 50% of the shares were bought for $ 200 million by MCA Music Entertainment Group, later known as Universal Music Group.

References

Other websites
 Interview with Mark Williams, A&R at Interscope Records

References 
American record labels
1990 establishments in California
Companies based in Santa Monica, California
Greg Wells is a musician and twice Grammy-nominated record producer. He is from Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, and lives and works in Los Angeles.

References

Other websites
 Greg Wells Website
 Greg Wells Myspace
 Wells interviewed in NY Times article
 Recent interview in webzine "www.laptoprockers.eu"  

People from Ontario
Canadian songwriters

1968 births
Living people
The Daylights are an alternative rock band from Los Angeles, California that formed in 2004. The trio is fronted by brothers Ran Jackson and Ricky Jackson, with Svend Lerche on Drums. Best known for their song, "I Hope This Gets To You" that was released in December, 2010 as a virtual “love letter” on YouTube, it was based on a concept they conceived with their roommate for his long distance girlfriend. Within the first 72 hours, the video was viewed over 1.5 million times & every major press outlet had something to say about the phenomenon.
Their self titled album "The Daylights", which was recorded in London and produced by critically acclaimed producer, Youth (Paul McCartney, The Futureheads) was released September 14, 2010 on the band's own label, 87th Floor Records. The album spent 5 weeks on the Billboard Heatseekers Chart. "Rogue Machine" and "I Hope This Gets To You" both reached Top 50 at Hot AC radio, and The Daylights were the only unsigned band in the Top 100. "I Hope This Gets To You" went to #4 on Sirius XM.
The Daylights had three headlining tours in support of their self-titled album, including the "No Reverse Tour" fall 2011. Other tours include long runs with Katy Perry, OneRepublic, NeedtoBreathe, Civil Twilight and The Parlotones.

Band members
 Ran Jackson  - Lead guitar, Vocals
 Ricky Jackson - Bass guitar, Vocals
 Svend Lerche - Drums

Former members
 Adam Farley - Drums

Discography
 The Shift and Blur  (2004)
 Outsider
 If Words Were Bullets
 Boy on the Moon
 Little Girl
 Typical
 Happy
 She'll Never Tell
 You Know Who You Are

 Sans Radio EP (2008)
 Little White Lies
 Guess I miss(ed) You
 Probably
 Slow Down

 The Daylights (2010)
Black Dove
Rogue Machine
Richmond Park, Pt. I
Alive
Weapons
Outsider
Terra Firma
The Last Time
Boy On The Moon
Quick Fix
Guess I Miss(ed) You
Digital_Kiss
Wins and Losses
Happy
Richmond Park, Pt. II

 Modern Fossils EP (2012)

Other websites 
 Official Site 
 The Daylights on Facebook.com
 The Daylights on Twitter
 The Daylights Youtube channel

American rock bands
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Lead guitar means the use of a guitar to perform melody lines, instrumental fills, and solos within a song structure.

In rock and metal bands, the lead guitarist is usually supported by a second guitarist who plays rhythm guitar (chords and riffs). In some rock or metal bands with two guitarists, the two performers may perform as a "guitar tandem", and trade off the lead guitar and rhythm guitar roles, or both guitarists can play the same role ("dual lead guitars" or "dual rhythm guitars").

Musician Lou Reed used an "interlocking" dual guitar style, with the Velvet Underground and on his solo records, where two guitarists would play complementary riffs in different rhythms. The Eagles and other bands also used this style.

Rock music

it:Chitarra#Chitarra solista
Brandi Carlile (born June 1, 1981) is an American singer and songwriter. Carlile's music has been categorized in several genres, including pop, rock, country, indie and folk.

References

Other websites 
 Brandi Carlile's official web page
 Brandi Carlile's MySpace page

1981 births
Living people
American singer-songwriters
Singers from Washington
Prophets in Islam () are those personalities whom Muslims consider to be chosen by Allah (God in Islam) to guide people. In Islamic terminology, they are called Nabi and Rasul or Mursal.

According to Islamic tradition, Allah has sent prophets to every nation. According to Islam , Muhammad was the only messenger sent to convey God's message to all mankind, and all other prophets were sent to one or more specific tribes or nations.

Judaism and Christianity , in contrast to Islam, the Prophet and Messenger of this is that, to obtain both divine revelation and the Holy Prophet (messengers) in the form of a book for a community of divine message was given, but not the Prophet who does not carry a book of Prophets. According to Islamic belief, the Prophets are the ones who are guaranteed by Allah to attain Paradise in the Hereafter.

Qur'an 
There are 25 prophets mentioned in the Qur'an. These are:
 Adam (آدم)
 Idris (إدريس) (Enoch)
 Nuh (نوح) (Noah)
 Saleh (صالح) (Methuselah)
 Hud (هود) (Eber)
 Ibrahim (إبراهيم)(Abraham)
 Lut (لوط) (Lot)
 Ismail (إسماعيل) (Ishmael)
 Ishaq (إسحاق) (Isaac)
 Ya'qub (يعقوب) (Jacob)
 Yusuf (يوسف) (Joseph)
 Ayub (أيوب) (Job)
 Shu'aib (شعيب) (Jethro)
 Musa (موسى)(Moses)
 Harun (هارون) (Aaron)
 Dul-Kifl (ذو الكفل) (Ezekiel)
 Dawud (داود) (David)
 Suleyman (سليمان)(Solomon)
 Ilyas (إلياس) (Elijah)
 Al-Yasa (اليسع) (Elisha)
 Yunus (يونس)(Jonah)
 Zakaria (زكريا)(Zechariah)
 Yahya (يحيى) (John the Baptist)
 Isa (عيسى) (Jesus)
 Muhammad (محمد)

Other prophets 
Muslims believe in other prophets other than those mentioned by name in the Qur'an as there are many verses in the Qur'an which speak about it. These other prophets include: Joshua, Luqman, Caleb, Seth, Daniel, Isaiah, Hosea, Jeremiah, Shem, Benjamin, Khidr, Dhul Qurnayn.

Known prophets

Prophets and messengers named in the Quran 
According to Sunni tradition, Prophets mentioned in the Quran are also messengers, but not all prophets are messengers. According to Quranism, it is the opposite.

Figures whose prophethood is debated 

To believe in God's messengers (Rusul) means to be convinced that God sent men as guides to fellow human beings and jinn (khalq) to guide them to the truth.

Purpose of the Prophet's coming on this Earth
The prophets were sent on this Earth for a purpose. That was to call every one towards the one who created the entire creation. To call everyone towards the one who hears all. The one who sees all. The one who forgives. The most important message was to worship Allah alone and to follow his teachings. All of them, Adam, Nuh, Ibrahim, Ishaaq, Ismail, Musa, Haarun, Dawood, Sulaymaan, Isa, Muhammad, and others invited people to worship Allah alone and not to pray to idols and other false gods. All of the prophets were an example to lead moral, righteous, purpose-driven lives free of doubts and confusions.

References 

History of Islam