cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Nikol Vovayi Pashinyan (; born 1 June 1975) is an Armenian politician. He is the 20th and current Prime Minister of Armenia since 8 May 2018. He is a former journalist and editor.

References

Other websites
Official personal website   Link is down by 8th of May, 2018, GMT+1, time: 19:50 (edit wanted when or if up again)
Payqar official website and underground newspaper  Link is down by 8th of May, 2018, GMT+1, time: 19:50 (edit wanted when or if up again)
Haykakan Zhamanak website and newspaper. 
Armenaker Kamilion has a substantial number of English translations of Pashinyan's articles in Payqar.

1975 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Armenia
Current national leaders
Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim (born 10 August 1947) is a Malaysian politician. He is the Leader of the Opposition since 2020. He was the Opposition Leader before between 2008 and 2015. He is a founder and leading figure of the People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat).

Ibrahim was expected to become Malaysia's Prime Minister in "one to two years" when Mahathir Mohamad said he would resign in that time frame and hand the role to Ibrahim. However, when Mohamad resigned in 2020, Ibrahim did not replace him causing an ongoing political crisis in Malaysia.

Early life

Anwar was born on 10 August 1947 in Bukit Mertajam. He studied at University of Malaya and at National University of Malaysia. In 1980, he married Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, who became Deputy Prime Minister in 2018. They have six children.

References

Other websites
 Anwar Ibrahim Home Page
 Profile: Anwar Ibrahim

1947 births
Living people
Deputy Prime Ministers of Malaysia
Criminals
János Juszkó (9 June 1939 – 2 May 2018) was a Hungarian cyclist. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in the individual road race and the 100 km team time trial. He finished in 24th and 12th place. He was born in Szeged, Hungary.

Juszkó died on 2 May 2018 in Budapest at the age of 78.

References

Other websites
 Janos Juszko. cyclingarchives.com

1939 births
2018 deaths
Cyclists
Olympians
Hungarian sportspeople
Miki Muster (born Nikolaj Muster, 22 November 1925 – 7 May 2018) was a Slovenian academic sculptor, illustrator, cartoonist, and animator. He was born in Murska Sobata, Yugoslavia. In 1952, Muster started drawing his most famous comic strip Zvitorepec, which was running in magazines Poletove podobe in povesti (PPP) and Tedenska tribuna. His works were inspired by Argentine cartoonist Guillermo Mordillo.

Muster died on 7 May 2018 in a nursing home in Notranje Gorice, Slovenia of Alzheimer's disease aged 92.

References

Other websites

 Kar sem si želel kot mulc, sem uresničil (interview) ("I Have Realised What a Wished for Myself as a Kid"; Dnevnik, 9 June 2007)
 Miki Muster: Packanje z barvami mi ni všeč (interview) ("I Don't Like Blotching with Colours"; Dnevnik, 7 February 2015)

1925 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Slovenian people
Educators
Illustrators
Cartoonists
Animators
Colour theory or color theory is a guide colour mixing and the visual effects of colour combinations. 

There are also definitions (or categories) of colours based on the colour wheel: primary colour, secondary and tertiary colours. Colour theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c. 1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c. 1490).

The foundations of pre-20th-century colour theory were built around "pure" or ideal colours, as sensory experiences rather than the physical world. This has led to a number of inaccuracies in the colour theory principles.

There is a difference between the behaviour of light mixtures, called additive color mixing, and the behavior of paint, ink, dye, or pigment mixtures, called subtractive color mixing. The absorption of light by material substances follows different rules from the perception of light by the eye.

A second problem is the failure to describe the important effects of strong light. The appearance of colours reflected from a surface (such as paints or inks) is not the same as mixed colours of light. "Colours" such as browns or ochres cannot appear in mixtures of light. A strong lightness contrast between a mid-valued yellow paint and a surrounding bright white makes the yellow appear to be green or brown, while a strong brightness contrast between a rainbow and the surrounding sky makes the yellow in a rainbow appear to be a fainter yellow, or white.

Another problem is the tendency to describe colour too simply, for example as a contrast between "yellow" and "blue". Most colour effects are due to contrasts on the attributes that define all colours:

 Value, (light vs. dark, or white vs. black),
 Chroma, [saturation, strength, intensity] (intense vs. dull), and
 Hue (e.g. the name of the colour family: red, yellow, green, cyan, blue and magenta).

Thus, the visual impact of "yellow" vs. "blue" hues in visual design depends on the relative lightness and saturation of the hues.

Many colour theorists have said that three "pure" primary colours can mix all possible colours. They think any failure of paints or inks to match this ideal performance is due to the impurity or imperfection of the colourants. But any three real "primary" colours of light, paint or ink can mix only a limited range of colours, which is always smaller than the full range of colours we can see.

Related pages 
Complementary colour

References 

Color
Hurricane Nate was a 2017 Atlantic hurricane. The storm developed on October 4, 2017. It was the costliest natural disaster in the history of Costa Rica. It caused heavy damage and fatalities in Central America while a tropical storm.

The storm became a hurricane while moving through the Yucatán Channel.

Nate moved north-northwest at 29 miles an hour. It was the fastest-moving tropical cyclone ever recorded in the Gulf of Mexico.

The hurricane later struck southeast Louisiana and southern Mississippi as a Category 1 hurricane.

Nate was the fourth hurricane to strike the United States or its territories. That had not happened in 12 years. 

Nate caused 16 deaths in Nicaragua, 14 in Costa Rica, 7 in Panama, five in Guatemala, three in Honduras, two in the United States and one in El Salvador. The number of people killed by Nate was 48.

Damage from Nate was $787 million USD.

The name Nate was retired on April 11, 2018 for its damage and death toll. It was replaced with Nigel for the 2023 season.

References

Hurricanes in the United States
2017 in the United States
Pierre Fauchon (13 July 1929 – 25 July 2016) was a French politician. He was a member of the Senate of France from 1992 to 2011. He represented the Loir-et-Cher department and was a member of the Union for French Democracy Party. He was born in Avranches, France.

Fauchon died on 25 July 2016 at the age of 87.

References 

1929 births
2016 deaths
French politicians
Roberto Mario "Robert" Fano (11 November 1917 – 13 July 2016) was an Italian-American computer scientist. He was a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was born in Turin, Italy.

He was known principally for his work on information theory, inventing (with Claude Shannon) Shannon–Fano coding and deriving the Fano inequality. He also invented the Fano algorithm and postulated the Fano metric.

Fano died on 13 July 2016 at the age of 98.

References 

1917 births
2016 deaths
American computer scientists
American engineers
Italian Jews
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Turin
Refugees
Educators from Massachusetts
Scientists from Massachusetts
María del Carmen Hernández Barrera (24 November 1930 – 19 July 2016) was a Spanish Roman Catholic catechist. She was the co-founder of the Neocatechumenal Way. She was born in Ólvega, Spain, but she moved with her family at a very young age to Tudela, Spain where she spent most of her childhood.

During this time, she met Kiko Argüello in Cursillo, and together they formed the Neocatechumenal Way in 1964.

Hernández died on 19 July 2016 in Madrid at the age of 85.

References 

1930 births
2016 deaths
Spanish Roman Catholics
Activists
Feminists
Mu Zi (simplified Chinese: 木易; traditional Chinese: 木一; Pinyin Mu' Zī; born 9 January 1989 in Beijing) is a female table tennis player from China. She reached the 2nd place in the Mixed-Doubles at the World Championships 2009 and 2011.

Results from the ITTF-database

References

Female athletes
1989 births
Living people
Chinese table tennis players
David William Huddleston (September 17, 1930 – August 2, 2016) was an American actor. An Emmy Award nominee, Huddleston had a prolific television career, and appeared in many movies including Blazing Saddles, Crime Busters, Santa Claus: The Movie and The Big Lebowski.

On August 2, 2016, Huddleston died of heart and kidney disease in Santa Fe, New Mexico at the age of 85.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 

1930 births
2016 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American military people
Actors from Virginia
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Diamond Skulls (also called Dark Obsession) is a 1989 British thriller drama movie. This movie was directed by Nick Broomfield. Broomfield also co-wrote the movie. Diamond Skulls includes the last performance by Ian Carmichael.

Plot
Lord Hugo Brockton is a young Englishman. He is the heir to a vast fortune. He is married to a woman named Virginia, or "Ginny" in short. Ginny seems devoted and loyal to Hugo. They have a young son. But Hugo is haunted by jealousy, as he imagines Ginny in the arms of a colleague. He begins spying on her. He gets angry over her supposed infidelity.

One night, after a social gathering with members of his British Army group, Hugo and his friends go out for a drive. He accidentally runs over a woman, who dies at the scene. All except one of his friends urge Hugo to drive on. In his drunk state of mind, Hugo had imagined himself running over Ginny.

Over the next few days, a psychological war takes place. Peter, who is Hugo's business associate, wants to use the cover-up to get power over the estate. A man named Jamie is dating Hugo's sister. He wants to go to police and report the incident. But Hugo's family closes ranks as Ginny and the rest side with Hugo. He fears his arrest and being sent to prison will hurt the family's reputation. When the police investigation closes in on Hugo, the power struggle leads to deadly consequences. 

At the end, Peter and Hugo murder Jamie and arrange to make it look like a suicide. They wish to make it look like it had been Jamie driving the car who killed the woman. They throw Jamie's dead body off a seaside cliff. The police believe the story and close the case.

Cast

Amanda Donohoe as Ginny Bruckton
Gabriel Byrne as Lord Hugo Bruckton
Struan Rodger as Peter Eggleton
Douglas Hodge as Jamie Skinner
Ralph Brown as Jack
Peter Sands as Colonel
David Delve as Alec
Alexander Clempson as Edward
Catherine Livesey as Nanny
Michael Hordern as Lord Crewne
Ian Carmichael as Exeter

Matthew Marsh as Raul
Judy Parfitt as Lady Crewne
Sadie Frost as Rebecca
Edward Burnham as John the Gardener
Phyllida Hewat as Lady Castlemere
Patrick Field as Detective 1
Jay Benedict as Joe
Eiji Kusuhara as Ewo Nagasaky
Robin Summers as Detective 2
William Hoyland as Inspector Orchard

Rating
Diamond Skulls is rated NC-17 by the Motion Picture Association of America.

Reception
The movie was given two thumbs up by Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel. Other critics' reviews were mixed. The Los Angeles Times gave a positive review to the movie.

References

1989 thriller movies
1989 drama movies
British thriller movies
British drama movies
Movies directed by Nick Broomfield
Independent movies
Note-taking (or note taking) is recording information taken from another source. By taking notes, the writer records the information, so they don't have to recall everything. 

Notes are usually taken from a transient (temporary) source, such as an oral discussion at a meeting, or a lecture or even a passing thought.  in these cases the notes may be the only record of the event. Notes of a meeting are usually called minutes.

Note taking is a form of self discipline.

References 

Writing
Jamal Naji (1 November 1954 – 6 May 2018) was a Palestinian-born Jordanian author. He was born in Aqbat Jaber in the West Bank. He moved to Jordan in 1967. Naji published his first novel The Road to Balharith in 1981-82. He written several more novels as well as short story collections and television scripts. His recent novel When the Wolves Grow Old was shortlisted for the Arabic Booker Prize in 2010.

He was president of the Jordanian Writers Association from 2001 to 2003. He lived and worked in Amman, Jordan. He died on 6 May 2018 of a stroke at the age of 63.

References

1954 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Novelists
Palestinian people
Jordanian people
Crosbie Edgerton Saint (September 29, 1936 – May 7, 2018) was an American military official. He served in the United States Army as a four-star general. He served as Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG) from 1988 to 1992.

Saint died on May 7, 2018 in Bethesda, Maryland of a stroke at the age of 81.

References

1936 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from New York
Mustafa Nur-Ul Islam (; 1 May 1927 – 9 May 2018) was a Bangladeshi academic. In 2011 he was honored as a National Professor of Bangladesh. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1981 and Independence Day Award in 2010 by the Government of Bangladesh.

Islam was the founder director of Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy, the Director General of Bangla Academy and the Chairman of Bangladesh National Museum. In 2011, he was appointed as a National Professor. He edited a literary magazine named 'Sundaram'.

References

1927 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Bangladeshi people
Bangladeshi educators
Donald Leon Blankenship (born March 14, 1950) is an American former business executive, convicted criminal and former candidate for the United States Senate in West Virginia in 2018. He was Chairman and CEO of the Massey Energy Company—the sixth largest coal company (by 2008 production) in the United States—from 2000 until his retirement in 2010.

A federal grand jury indicted Blankenship on November 13, 2014 for conspiracy to violate mandatory federal mine safety and health standards and conspiracy to impede federal mine safety officials.

Blankenship entered the Republican primary in the 2018 United States Senate election in West Virginia, challenging incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Joe Manchin. He was the front-runner of the election in the months before the election. President Donald Trump and United States Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell did not support Blakenship. He lost the Republican primary in May 8, 2018.

On October 20, 2019, Blankenship announced his candidacy for President of the United States in the 2020 election for the Constitution Party nomination.

References

Other websites
 Vote on Blankenship, Official 2018 US Senate campaign website 

1950 births
Living people
2020 United States presidential candidates
Businesspeople from Kentucky
Businesspeople from West Virginia
American criminals
Politicians from Kentucky
Politicians from West Virginia
US Republican Party politicians
Evgeni Andreyevich Vasiukov (, 5 March 1933 – 10 May 2018) was a Russian chess Grandmaster. He was born in Moscow.

During his career, he won the Championship of Moscow on six occasions (1955, 1958, 1960, 1962, 1972, and 1978) and scored many victories in international tournaments, such as Belgrade Open 1961, Moscow International 1961, East Berlin 1962, and Manila 1974.

Vasiukov was rarely at his best in Soviet Championship Finals, which were among the very toughest events in the world. Vasiukov never made the Soviet team for an Olympiad or a European Team Championship.

Vasiukov died of a heart attack on 10 May 2018 in Moscow at the age of 85.

References

1933 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Chess grandmasters
Sportspeople from Moscow
Nick Conrad Busick (June 1, 1954 – May 8, 2018) was an American professional wrestler and police officer. He was better known by his ring name Big Bully Busick.  He was best known for his appearances with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1991, where he played a bully from the 1920s with a "turtleneck, bowler hat and king-sized cigar".

Busick was also known for his appearances with Georgia All-Star Wrestling (GAF) and the Global Wrestling Federation (GWF).

In November 2012, the WWE listed Busick as having the best mustache in the Top 10 mustaches in WWE history.

Busick died of spinal cancer on May 8, 2018, in Weirton, West Virginia, where he was receiving hospice care at the age of 63.

References

Other websites

1954 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from spinal cancer
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Ohio
People from Steubenville, Ohio
Lorraine Vivian Hansberry (May 19, 1930 – January 12, 1965) was an African-American playwright, essayist, journalist and activist. Hansberry was the first black female author to have a play performed on Broadway. Her best known work, the play A Raisin In The Sun.

Hansberry died in New York City of pancreatic cancer on January 12, 1965 at the age of 34. Martin Luther King, Jr. and James Baldwin spoke at her funeral on January 15 in New York.

References

Other websites

 "The Black Revolution and the White Backlash" (audio with transcript) – speech by Lorraine Hansberry, Forum at Town Hall sponsored by The Association of Artists for Freedom, New York City, June 15, 1964
Voices from the Gaps: Women Writers of Color – Lorraine Hansberry, University of Minnesota

Twice Militant: Lorraine Hansberry's Letters to "The Ladder" – Brooklyn Museum exhibition, November 2013 – March 2014

1930 births
1965 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in New York City
American essayists
Democrats (United States)
American atheists
LGBT writers
LGBT people from Chicago
Lesbian feminists
American feminist writers
American playwrights
American civil rights activists
American LGBT rights activists
African American writers
Journalists from Chicago
Stacy Martin (born 1 January 1991) is a French-English actress. She is best known for her role as the younger version of Charlotte Gainsbourg's character Joe in Nymphomaniac. Martin also appeared as J. Paul Getty's secretary in Ridley Scott's All the Money in the World. 

Martin was born in Paris. She lives in London with her partner Daniel Blumberg.

References

Other websites

 

1991 births
Living people
French movie actors
English movie actors
Actors from Paris
Actors from London
The North Korea–United States summit was a planned meeting between the leaders of North Korea and the United States that took place on June 12, 2018 in Singapore.

The White House confirmed the meeting between President Donald Trump and Chairman Kim Jong-un on 8 March 2018. This was the first time that a sitting U.S. president met the leader of North Korea since the Korean War.

White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said that "in the meantime, all sanctions and maximum pressure must remain."

Kim talked about preparations for the meeting in remarks to the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea on April 9.

On May 10, Trump announced that the summit will be held on June 12, 2018 in Singapore. It was announced after the release of 3 American hostages by North Korea.

References

2018 in Asia
Donald Trump
Events in Singapore
Kim Jong-un
The Vocabulario de la lengua Bicol is a list of vocabulary of Bicol language collected by Marcos de Lisboa when he destined in Bicol Region, Philippines.

References

Vocabulary
Shark finning is the act of removing fins from sharks. It is mostly done when shark is still alive. The sharks are sometimes thrown back to the ocean after removing their fins but they are still alive. since they are unable to swim properly, they sink to the bottom of the ocean and die of suffocation or are eaten by other predators. Shark finning at sea helps fishing vessels in increasing their profit. It also helps to increase the number of sharks harvested, as they only have to store and transport the fins, which is the most profitable part of the shark; the shark meat is bulky to transport. Some countries have banned this practice and require the whole shark to be brought back to port before removing the fins.

Shark finning increased since 1997 largely due to the increasing demand for shark fins. It is used in shark fin soup and traditional cures, particularly in China and its territories. The International Union for Conservation of Nature's Shark Specialist Group say that shark fin trade is causing a serious danger to the shark population. It estimates of the global value of the shark fin trade range from US$540 million to US$1.2 billion (2007). Shark fins are among the most expensive seafood products, commonly sold at US$400 per kg. In the United States, where finning is not allowed, some buyers regard the whale shark and the basking shark as trophy species, and pay $10,000 to $20,000 for a fin.

References

Fishing
Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah binti Haji Mohamad Ali (born 12 July 1926) is the wife of the 4th and 7th Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad. She served as wife of the Prime Minister of Malaysia for 22 years from 1981 to 2003. She is the oldest living wife of a former Malaysian prime minister.

From 10 May 2018 until 24 February 2020, she was the wife of the Prime Minister again while also serving as a chancellor of the Multimedia University of Malaysia.

References

1926 births
Living people
First Ladies
Malaysian people
The Egyptian Army is the largest service branch in the Egyptian Armed Forces. The modern army was started by Muhammad Ali Pasha (ruled 1805–1849), the founder of modern Egypt. 

The most significant engagements by this army in the 20th century were in Egypt's five wars with the State of Israel (in 1948, 1956, 1967, 1967–1970, and 1973). In one of those wars, the Suez Crisis of 1956, the army also struggled against the forces of Britain, and France. 

The Egyptian army also engaged in the North Yemen civil war, and the brief Libyan-Egyptian War in July 1977. Its last major engagement was Operation Desert Storm, the liberation of Kuwait from Iraqi occupation in 1991, in this operation, the Egyptian army was the second-largest of the allied forces.

In 2014, the army had about 310,000 soldiers, approximately 90,000–120,000 of them are professionals, while the rest are conscripts.

Ranks and insignia

Commissioned officers

Enlisted personnel

References 

Armies
Egypt

Further reading 

 Steve Rothwell, Military Ally or Liability, The Egyptian Army 1936-42, accessed February 2009
Mohamed Aboutrika (; born 7 November 1978) is a retired Egyptian footballer. He was a second striker and attacking midfielder for two teams in Egypt, Tersana and El Ahly. He played for Baniyas in the United Arab Emirates.

Aboutrika came second in the "African Footballer of the Year" award in 2008. He was one of five nominees for the 2006 award, and one of ten nominees in 2013 for the award.

Personal life 
Aboutrika graduated from Cairo University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy. He is married and has children named Ahmed, Seif, and Roqaya.

Career statistics

Club 

1Includes appearances in the Egypt Cup
2Includes appearances in the CAF Champions League
3Includes appearances in the Championship Playoff, Egyptian Super Cup, CAF Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup

International

International goals 

Egypt U-23

Honours and achievements 

 Al Ahly

 Egyptian Premier League: 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11
 Egypt Cup: 2006, 2007
 Egyptian Super Cup: 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011
 CAF Champions League: 2005, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2013
 CAF Super Cup: 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013

 Baniyas SC

 GCC Champions League: 2012–13

 Egypt

 African Cup of Nations: 2006, 2008
 Nile Basin Tournament: 2011

Individual

Awards 

 African Inter-Club Player of the Year: 2006, 2008, 2012, 2013
 CAF Team of the Year: 2006, 2008, 2012, 2013
 Africa Cup of Nations Dream Team: 2006, 2008
 World's Most Popular Footballer: 2007, 2008
 El Heddaf Arab Footballer of the Year: 2007, 2008, 2012
 BBC African Footballer of the Year: 2008
 2008 Africa Cup of Nations Final: Man of the Match
 FIFA Confederations Cup Dream Team: 2009
 Goal 50: 2009, 2013
 IFFHS Legends: 2016

Orders 

 Order of the Republic (Egypt)

Performances 

 Egyptian Premier League top goalscorer: 2005–06
 CAF Champions League top goalscorer: 2006
 FIFA Club World Cup top goalscorer: 2006
 Egypt Cup top goalscorer: 2007
 FIFA Confederations Cup top assist: 2009 (Shared with Elano, Maicon and Joan Capdevila)
 FIFA World Cup qualification top goalscorer: 2014 (Shared with Mohamed Salah and Asamoah Gyan)

Records

Africa 

 Most Africa Based Player of the Year: 2006, 2008, 2012–13

References

Other websites
 
 
 Mohamed Aboutrika at RSSSF

1978 births
Egyptian Muslims
Egyptian footballers
Living people
Egypt international footballers
The 8th European Parliament was elected across the European Union in the late days of May 2014 for the 2014-2019 session. The United Kingdom was apportioned to send 73 out of the 751 Member of the European Parliament (MEPs) that are listed below.

Brexit and the mandate of British MEPs
A non binding-referendum was held on 23 June 2016 to decide whether the UK should leave the EU (Brexit) or remain a member of it. With a majority of voters, 52%, in favour of Brexit, the British government has promised to leave the EU. It is not clear when the UK will effectively leave the EU, this process being unprecedented. Hence, it has not been clarified if these MEPs will remain in their seats until Brexit, if it happened before the subsequent European Parliament election, or if they would remain as MEPs until this Parliament is dissolved in 2019. In any event, if the UK had left the EU before the election of the 9th European Parliament, the mandate of the listed members would be ended on that date, regardless of the process of the Brexit negotiations.

Contribution of UK political parties within European Parliament political groups
The UK has representation with 73 of the 751 seats of the European Parliament with party contributions within political groups as follows:

Current members
This table can be sorted by constituency, party or party group: click the symbol at the top of the appropriate column.

Former members

Notes

References

Other websites
European elections: UK results
This is a list of places in Switzerland having standing links to local communities in other countries. In many cases, these completely ceremonial associations, especially when formalized by the local governments, are called by the fallacious name of "town twinning" – though other terms, such as "sister city" and "partner town" are far more accurate. While most of the places included in this list are cities or towns, the list also contains villages, districts, counties, cantons, provinces, etc. with similar links.

The list includes twin towns and sister cities (Partnergemeinden, Partnerstädte, villes ou communes jumelles) of towns in Switzerland linked by a sister-city agreement (Städtepartnerschaft or Gemeindepartnerschaft; jumelage de villes) or friendship agreements (Freundschaft or amitié).

A few Swiss municipalities participating in projects arranged by the Swiss organizations Patenschaft für Berggemeinden (Parrainage suisse pour communes de montagne) are included. The program arranges sponsorships of municipalities in the Swiss Alps by other Swiss municipalities. The twinning may be a private initiative (e.g. between Zürich and San Francisco) or an initiative of the city  authorities.

Partial source (only Vaud):

List of towns and cities

Aigle

 L'Aigle (France)
 Tübingen (Germany)

Basel

Shanghai (China)

Baulmes

Mont-Saint-Sulpice (France)

Bex

Tuttlingen (Germany)

Bottens

Guéreins (France)

Boussens

Boussens (France)

Brienz

Shimada, Shizuoka (Japan)

Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne

Aubignan (France)

Epesses

Burgdorf (Switzerland)

Geneva

Geneva does intentionally not have any particular "sister" tie with any city in the world. It declares itself related to the entire world.

La Tour-de-Peilz

Ornans (France)

Montreux

Wiesbaden (Germany)
Menton (France)

Morges

Vertou (France)

Moudon

Mazan (France)

Palézieux

Vers-Pont-du-Gard (France)

Payerne

Paray-le-Monial (France)

Perroy

Châteauneuf-de-Gadagne (France)

Préverenges

Préveranges (France)

Pully

Obernai (France)

Rolle

Wallisellen (Switzerland)

Saanen

Darmstadt (Germany)

Vevey

Müllheim (Germany)
Carpentras (France)

Vucherens

Droiturier (France)

Yverdon-les-Bains
Nogent-sur-Marne (France)
Winterthur (Switzerland)

References

Other websites
Association Suisse pour le Conseil des Communes et Régions d'Europe 
Patenschaft für Berggemeinden
Clash Royale is a freemium real-time strategy game developed and published by Supercell. The game combines elements from collectible card games, tower defense games, and multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) games. The game was released globally on March 2, 2016. It reached $1 billion in revenue in less than 1 year.

Awards and nominations

References

Card games
IOS games
Android (operating system) games
2016 video games
Real-time strategy video games
Gilles Deleuze (, "zheel duh-LOOZ"); 18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher. He wrote about philosophy, literature, movie, and art. His most popular books were the two parts of Capitalism and Schizophrenia. The first part is called Anti-Oedipus (1972), and the second part is called A Thousand Plateaus (1980). Both books were written with his academic partner Félix Guattari. He also wrote Difference and Repetition (1968). Some people think that he is among the greatest philosophers. His work is considered very important in philosophy and art, including literary theory, semiotics, post-structuralism, and postmodernism.

Life 
Deleuze was born in Paris and lived there most of his life. He went to school during World War II and later studied philosophy and history at the University of Paris. He started teaching philosophy in 1948, and taught at several universities. He married Denise Paul "Fanny" Grandjouan in 1956.

Deleuze worked at the University of Vincennes in Saint-Denis from 1969 to 1987. There he became friends and worked with Michel Foucault and Félix Guattari.

He had a lung removed in 1968 because he had tuberculosis. It was difficult for him to breathe for the rest of his life. He died by committing suicide in 1995.

References

1925 births
1995 deaths
French philosophers
French people
Destin Onka Malonga (March 16, 1988 – July 31, 2016) was a Congolese football player. He was born in Brazzaville, Congo.

Malonga played professionally for MSP Batna in the Algerian Championnat National, before joined 2010 to French Division Honneur club AS Contres. After just one year left the club and signed for Avenir Foot Lozère.

Malonga died on 31 July 2016 at Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, Ardèche, France in a canoeing accident during pre-season club training.

References 

1988 births
2016 deaths
African footballers
Republic of the Congo
Accidental deaths in France
Jean-Claude Wicky (28 January 1946 – 31 July 2016) was a Swiss photographer. He was noted for his series on Bolivian miners (1984–2001). He was born in Moutier, Switzerland.

His photos have been exhibited at the Swiss Foundation for Photography, the Musée de l'Élysée in Lausanne, and the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, as well as in magazines including GEO and Smithsonian Magazine.

Wicky died on 31 July 2016 in Biel/Bienne, Switzerland at the age of 70.

References

Other websites 
 Mountains of Pain —Abstract of Smithsonian article on the miners at Cerro Rico, illustrated with photographs by Wicky.
 The Mineros photography exhibition 
 

1946 births
2016 deaths
Swiss people
Photographers
James Alan McPherson (September 16, 1943 – July 27, 2016) was an American essayist and short-story writer. He was born in Savannah, Georgia.

He was the first African-American writer to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and was included among the first group of artists who received a MacArthur Fellowship. At the time of his death, McPherson was a professor emeritus of fiction at the Iowa Writers' Workshop.

McPherson died in hospice on July 27, 2016, in Iowa City, Iowa, due to complications of pneumonia. He was 72.

References 

1943 births
2016 deaths
African American writers
Short story writers
Pulitzer Prize winners
Harvard University alumni
People from Savannah, Georgia
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Writers from Iowa
People from Iowa City, Iowa
Deaths from pneumonia
Mahasweta Devi (14 January 1926 – 28 July 2016) was an Indian Bengali fiction writer and socio-political activist. Her notable literary works include Hajar Churashir Maa, Rudali, and Aranyer Adhikar. She wrote over 100 novels and over 20 collections of short stories primarily written in Bengali but often translated to other languages.

Devi died of multiple organ failure on 28 July 2016, aged 90.

References 

1926 births
2016 deaths
Indian educators
Indian novelists
Human rights activists
Short story writers
Biographers
Deaths from multiple organ failure
West Bengal
Michael Edward "Ed" Ross (October 27, 1965 – July 30, 2016) was an American tintype photographer and lawyer. He was born in Ukiah, California and raised in Davis, California.

His photography work spanned 27 years. His last six years were devoted exclusively to wet-plate photography. His primarily focused on nude portraits and landscape photography.

Ross died on July 30, 2016, in a motorcycle accident on a mountain road near Yosemite National Park while on his way to photograph one of his favorite subjects, the Half Dome in Yosemite Valley.

References 

1965 births
2016 deaths
American photographers
Road accident deaths
People from California
Mendocino County, California
Scott Hutchison (20 November 1981 – 10 May 2018) was a Scottish singer-songwriter, guitarist and artist. He was the founding member and primary songwriter of the indie rock band Frightened Rabbit. Hutchison was also a member of the musical collective The Fruit Tree Foundation, and released one solo album under the moniker Owl John. 

His last musical project was the indie "supergroup" Mastersystem, featuring Frightened Rabbit bandmate and brother Grant alongside members of Editors and Minor Victories. 

Hutchison was reported missing by Scottish police and the members of Frightened Rabbit on 9 May 2018. Hutchison was last seen at 1 a.m. 9 May leaving a hotel in South Queensferry. Police discovered a body at 8:30 p.m. that evening in the Port Edgar region near South Queensferry.<ref name="bbc confirmation" /

References

1981 births
2018 deaths
Scottish singer-songwriters
Guitarists
Artists
Michail Jefimowitsch Alperin (Ukrainian: Миха́йло Юхи́мович Альпе́рін, 7 November 1956 – 11 May 2018) was a Soviet-Norwegian jazz pianist. He was known as a key member of the Moscow Art Trio. He was born in Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukrainian SSR. He has also worked with Huun Huur Tu. From 1993 to 2018 he lived in Oslo, Norway; he was professor of music at the Norwegian Academy of Music and he supervised pianist Helge Lien and Morten Qvenild among others. He released several works on ECM Records.

Alperin died on 11 May 2018 in Oslo of complications from aortic dissection at the age of 61.

References

Other websites
Mikhail Alperin on ECM Records 

1956 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from aortic dissection
Soviet musicians
Educators
Jazz musicians
Pianists
Musicians from Oslo
Robert Cannavale (; ; born May 3, 1970) is an American actor. He is known for his leading role as Bobby Caffey in the first two seasons of the crime drama series Third Watch. Cannavale also had a recurring role on the NBC comedy series Will & Grace as Will Truman's long-term boyfriend Officer Vincent "Vince" D'Angelo. He portrayed Gyp Rosetti during the third season of the HBO drama series Boardwalk Empire.

He also starred in Snakes on a Plane (2006), The Other Guys (2010), Woody Allen's Blue Jasmine (2013), Chef (2014), Spy (2015), Ant-Man (2015), Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017) and I, Tonya (2017).

From 1994 to 2003, Cannavale was married to actress/screenwriter Jenny Lumet — director Sidney Lumet's daughter and performer Lena Horne's granddaughter — with whom he has a son, actor Jake Cannavale. Cannavale and Jake were cast as father and son in season four of Nurse Jackie.

Since 2012, Cannavale has been dating actress Rose Byrne. Cannavale and Byrne's first child, Rocco Robin Cannavale, was born on February 1, 2016.   He and Byrne had their second child together, a son called Rafa, in November 2017.

References

1970 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Drama Desk Award winners
Emmy Award winning actors
People from Union City, New Jersey
La Venganza de Cucamonga is the sixth album by Cuca, a Mexican hard rock band originally from Guadalajara, Jalisco.

After a long hiatus from recording, Cuca returned in 2015 with this, their sixth album.  Guitarist Alex Otaola replaced Galo Ochoa. The album was recorded, mixed, and mastered by Arturo 2T Perales at Oigo Studios in Guadalajara. The album received a 2015 Latin Grammy nomination. 

Singles include: Arre Lulú, Más Daño, and En el Nombre del Rocanrol.

Track listing 

 Hoy Sólo Quiero... - 3:39
 Caca Pop - 2:50
 En el Nombre del Rocanrol - 3:58
 Más Daño - 2:51
 Más Putas Que las Putas - 3:18
 La Tapatía - 4:27
 Arre Lulú - 3:10
 Mi Vieja - 2:55
 La Ladilla Humana - 2:58
 Mujer Come-Hombres - 2:51
 Zona VIP - 3:36
 Esto No Te Va a Doler - 3:08
 La Venganza de Cucamonga - 4:15
 Tengo el Tiempo - 5:21

Personnel 

 Jose Fors – Vocals
 Carlos Avilez – Bass
 Alex Otaola – Guitar
 Ignacio Gonzalez – Drums
 Alex Lora – Backing Vocals (Caca Pop)
 Santiago Cumplido – Backing Vocals (Caca Pop)
 Henry Renau – Backing Vocals (Vona VIP)
 Cuca & Arturo 2T Perales – Producer

Singles and videos 
 Arre Lulú
 Más Daño

Mexican music
Hard rock albums
In the United States Army (USA), U.S. Marine Corps (USMC), and U.S. Air Force (USAF), captain is a company grade officer rank, with the pay grade of O-3. 

It ranks above first lieutenant and below major. It is the same to the rank of lieutenant in the Navy/Coast Guard officer rank system.

Other websites
DA Pamphlet 600–3, Commissioned Officer Professional Development and Career Management

United States Army
Military ranks
Marina del Rey is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 8,866 at the 2010 census. The Marina, the world's largest man-made small craft harbor with eight basins having a capacity for 5,300 boats and is home port to about 6,500 boats.

References

Unincorporated communities in California
Census-designated places in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
George Pell (born 8 June 1941) is an Australian prelate of the Catholic Church. He became the inaugural Prefect of the Secretariat for the Economy in 2014. He was born in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. He was ordained in 1966. He was made cardinal by Pope John Paul II.

He served as the eighth Archbishop of Sydney (2001–2014), Archbishop of Melbourne (1996–2001), and Auxiliary Bishop of Melbourne (1987–1996). He was created a cardinal in 2003.

On 29 June 2017, Pell was charged in Victoria, Australia, with multiple historical sexual assault offences, and denied all charges. The Pope granted him leave to return to Australia to defend himself. Pell was committed to stand trial on the lesser charges, pleading not guilty.

On 7 April 2020, the High Court of Australia found Pell innocent from his convictions and issued verdicts of acquittal. The Court's said that there was "a significant possibility that an innocent person has been convicted because the evidence did not establish guilt".

References

Other websites

 
 

1941 births
Living people
Australian criminals
Australian Roman Catholics
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Child sexual abusers
People from Ballarat
Roger Michael Cardinal Mahony KGCHS (born February 27, 1936) is an American cardinal and retired prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

Mahony served as Archbishop of Los Angeles from 1985 to 2011. Before his appointment as Los Angeles archbishop, he served as Auxiliary Bishop of Fresno from 1975 to 1980 and as Bishop of Stockton from 1980 to 1985.

In 2011, Mahony retired because he reached the age of 75 and was replaced by José Horacio Gómez.

References

Other websites
 
Mahony's blog
Archdiocese of Los Angeles website
Mahony's speech at the National Press Club , delivered May 25, 2000
"Called By God To Help", editorial by Mahony in The New York Times, published 2006-03-22
"Los Angeles Cardinal Hid Abuse, Files Show" New York Times, January 21, 2013

1936 births
Living people
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Bishops
American Roman Catholics
People from Los Angeles
Francis Arinze (born 1 November 1932) is a Nigerian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, having served as prefect from 2002 to 2008. 

He is the Cardinal Bishop of Velletri-Segni (succeeding Joseph Ratzinger, who became Pope Benedict XVI) since 2005. Arinze was one of the principal advisors to Pope John Paul II, and was thought papabile before the 2005 papal conclave, which elected Benedict XVI.

References

1932 births
Living people
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Nigerian people
Arthur Levitt Jr. (born February 3, 1931) is an American journalist and politician. He was the twenty-fifth and longest-serving Chairman of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from 1993 to 2001. Since May 2001 he has been employed as a senior adviser at the Carlyle Group.  Levitt previously served as a policy advisor to Goldman Sachs and is a Director of Bloomberg LP, parent of Bloomberg News.

References

1931 births
Living people
People from Brooklyn
Jewish American politicians
Members of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
American journalists
US Democratic Party politicians
Businesspeople from New York City
Politicians from New York City
Writers from New York City
William Henry Donaldson (born June 2, 1931) is an American politician. He was the 27th Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), serving from February 2003 to June 2005.

Donaldson served as Under Secretary of State for International Security Affairs in the Nixon Administration. He was a special adviser to Vice President Nelson Rockefeller, Chairman and CEO of the New York Stock Exchange, and Chairman, President and CEO of Aetna. Donaldson founded Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.

References

1931 births
Living people
Members of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Yale University alumni
Politicians from Buffalo, New York
Businesspeople from New York
US Republican Party politicians
David Sturtevant Ruder (May 25, 1929 – February 15, 2020) was an American politician and professor Northwestern University School of Law, where he has served on the faculty from 1961 until his death, and where he served as dean from 1977 to 1985.  

Ruder served as chairman of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission from 1987 to 1989, and later practiced with the Chicago-based law firm Baker & McKenzie. He served as chairman of the Mutual Fund Directors Forum, an organization providing education to independent directors of mutual funds, from 2002 to 2010 and was the organization's chairman emeritus.

References

Members of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
1929 births
2020 deaths
Lawyers from Wisconsin
Educators from Wisconsin
Politicians from Wisconsin
US Republican Party politicians
Gérard Genette (7 June 1930 – 11 May 2018) was a French literary theorist. He was born in Paris. His works were about the structuralist movement and such figures as Roland Barthes and Claude Lévi-Strauss. He adapted the concept of bricolage. He was awarded the Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters in 2016.

After leaving the French Communist Party, Genette was a member of Socialisme ou Barbarie during 1957–8. Among other positions, Genette was research director at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales and a visiting professor at Yale University.

Genette died on 11 May 2018 at the age of 87.

References

1930 births
2018 deaths
French educators
French socialists
French literary critics
Writers from Paris
Rasmussen Reports  is an American polling company, which was founded in 2003. The company works with the collection, publication, and distribution of public opinion polling information.

Rasmussen Reports conducts nightly tracking, at national and state levels, of elections, politics, current events, consumer confidence, business topics, and the United States president's job approval ratings.

References

2003 establishments in the United States
New Jersey
The California Highway Patrol (CHP) is a law enforcement agency of the state of California. The purpose of the CHP is to ensure safety and enforce traffic laws on all California highways and unincorporated areas within the state of California. The CHP promotes traffic safety by inspecting commercial vehicles, as well as inspecting and certifying school buses, ambulances, and other specialized vehicles.

California
Stanley Falkow, PhD, (24 January, 1934 – 5 May, 2018) was an American microbiologist and a professor of microbiology and immunology at Stanford University School of Medicine. He was known for his study of how infectious microbes and host cells interact to cause disease at the molecular level. He created molecular Koch's postulates, which have guided the study of the microbial determinants of infectious diseases since the late 1980s.

Falkow died on May 5, 2018 at the age of 84 at his home in Portola Valley, California of complications from myelodysplastic syndrome.

References

1934 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myelodysplastic syndrome
Disease-related deaths in California
American biologists
Scientists from New York
Educators from New York
People from Albany, New York
Collared doves (Eurasian collared dove, Streptopelia decaocto) are relatively small and slim doves. Males and females look alike, with a pastel buff/grey body with pink accents and slightly darker grey on their wings and tail. It is about 32 cm long. They nest near inhabited buildings for preference.

This dove is hugely successful in the present-day world. It is one of the great colonisers of the bird world. It has travelled far beyond its original range to colonise colder countries. It is now a permanent resident in several of these northern countries. The species has also colonised much of North America. In Asia it is thought of as the “National dove of Pakistan” respectively.

Doves
National symbols of Pakistan
Pakistani culture