cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The glass frog (or glassfrog) is the common name for the frogs of the amphibian family Centrolenidae. Most glass frogs are a lime green color.  For some glass frogs the skin on the stomach area is transparent. The insides, including the heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract can be seen through the skin.  This is the reason for the common name.

Characteristics
Glass frogs are generally small, ranging from  in length. The frog is known to eat its own young. They are green in color over most of their bodies. The skin along the lower surface of the body is translucent.

Glass frogs are similar in appearance to some green frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus and to some tree frogs of the family Hylidae. Hylid tree frogs have eyes that face to the side, whilst those of glass frogs face forward.

Distribution
These frogs live from southern Mexico to Panama.  They are through the Andes from Venezuela and the island of Tobago to Bolivia. Some species are in the Amazon and Orinoco River basins, the Guiana Shield region, southeastern Brazil, and northern Argentina.

Biology
Glass frogs are mostly arboreal. They live along rivers and streams during the breeding season.  Many live in montane cloud forests of Central and South America. Some species also live in Amazon and Chocóan rainforest and semi-deciduous forests.

The eggs are usually put on the leaves of trees or shrubs.  The leaves hang over the running water of mountain streams, creeks, and small rivers. One species leaves its eggs over stones close to waterfalls. After they hatch, the tadpoles fall into the waters below. The tadpoles are long, with powerful tails and low fins, suited for fast flowing water. Outside of the breeding season some species live in the canopy.

Genera

Family CENTROLENIDAE
 Subfamily Centroleninae
 Genus Centrolene Jiménez de la Espada, 1872
 Genus Chimerella Guayasamin, Castroviejo, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, Vilá, 2009
 Genus Cochranella Taylor, 1951
 Genus Espadarana Guayasamin, Castroviejo, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, Vilá, 2009
 Genus Nymphargus Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid, 2007
 Genus Rulyrana Guayasamin, Castroviejo, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, Vilá, 2009
 Genus Sachatamia Guayasamin, Castroviejo, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, Vilá, 2009
 Genus Teratohyla Taylor, 1951
 Genus Vitreorana Guayasamin, Castroviejo, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, Vilá, 2009
 Subfamily Hyalinobatrachinae
 Genus Celsiella Guayasamin, Castroviejo, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, Vilá, 2009
 Genus Hyalinobatrachium Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991 - "True" Glass Frogs
 Subfamily Allophryninae
Incertae sedis Ikakogi Guayasamin, Castroviejo, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, Vilá, 2009

References

 Guayasamin, J. M., S. Castroviejo-Fisher, L. Trueb, J. Ayarzagüena, M. Rada, C. Vilá. 2009. Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. Zootaxa 2100:1-97.
 Kubicki, Brian. Ranas De Vidrio - Costa Rica - Glass Frogs (2007). In Spanish and English. .

Frogs
The Ceratophryinae, known as common horned frogs, are a subfamily of the leptodactylid frogs. All species live in South America.  

Fossils of the giant Beelzebufo from Cretaceous Madagascar suggest that the subfamily may have once ranged throughout the prehistoric supercontinent of Gondwana. Not all species in the subfamily have the horn-like growth at the eyes. All are carnivorous, terrestrial or semi-aquatic.  They have large heads and mouths. 

Some people enjoy keeping these frogs as pets.

Genera
 †Beelzebufo, Evans, Jones, & Krause, 2008.
 Ceratophrys, Wied-Neuwied, 1824.
 Chacophrys, Reig & Limeses, 1963.
 Lepidobatrachus, Budgett, 1899.
 Macrogenioglottus, Carvalho, 1946.
 Odontophrynus, Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862.
 Proceratophrys, Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920.

References

http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/names.php?taxon=&family=&subfamily=Ceratophryinae&genus=&commname=&authority=&year=&geo=0&dist=&comment=

Frogs
Craugastoridae is a family of frogs.  There are 2 genera: Craugastor and Haddadus. 

The genus Craugastor has 112 species.  They can be found in the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America up to northwestern South America. The genus Haddadus has 2 species.  They are only found in south-eastern Brazil.

References 

Frogs
Cycloramphinae is a subfamily of leptodactylid frogs.  They are found in South America.

Genera
 Crossodactylodes Cochran, 1938.
 Crossodactylus Duméril & Bibron, 1841.
 Cycloramphus Tschudi, 1838.
 Hylodes Fitzinger, 1826.
 Megaelosia Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923.
 Paratelmatobius Lutz & Carvalho, 1958.
 Rupirana Heyer, 1999.
 Scythrophrys Lynch, 1971.
 Thoropa Cope, 1865.
 Zachaenus Cope, 1866.

Frogs
The ghost frog is the common name for a family of frogs of the family Heleophrynidae. The family has two genera, Heleophryne and Hadromophryne.  There are seven species. Ghost frogs live in swift-moving mountain streams in South Africa. The common name of "ghost frogs" may be because they live in Skeleton Gorge.

Biology
Ghost frogs are medium sized frogs, reaching a length of .  They have flat bodies. This lets them climb inside rocky crevices. They have very large toe discs in comparison to their size.  This helps to hold onto rocks. The mouthparts of the tadpoles are a sucking disc.  This lets them hold onto the surface they live on and remain still while they are feeding.

Taxonomy
The ghost frogs are closely related to the Sooglossidae family, which inhabit the Seychelles. They may also be closely related to the Australian Myobatrachids.

Family Heleophrynidae
 Genus Hadromophryne Van Dijk, 2008
 Natal Ghost Frog, Hadromophryne natalensis Hewitt, 1913
 Genus Heleophryne Sclater, 1898
 Cederberg Ghost Frog, Heleophryne depressa FitzSimons, 1946
 Hewitt's Ghost Frog, Heleophryne hewitti Boycott, 1988
 Eastern Ghost Frog, Heleophryne orientalis FitzSimons, 1946
 Purcell's Ghost Frog, Heleophryne purcelli Sclater, 1898
 Royal Ghost Frog, Heleophryne regis Hewitt, 1910
 Table Mountain Ghost Frog, Heleophryne rosei Hewitt, 1925

References

 

Frogs

vi:Heleophryne
Hemiphractidae is a family of frogs.  They live in South and Central America.  Previously, this group was classified as a subfamily under family Hylidae.

Breeding behavior

This frog is different in that the eggs grow into froglets on the back of the female.  In most there is no free-swimming tadpole stage. In some of the frogs the eggs are in a pouch until they hatch.

Taxonomy 
The Hemiphractidae family is divided into the following genera:
 Cryptobatrachus - Backpack Frogs
 Flectonotus
 Gastrotheca - Marsupial Frogs
 Hemiphractus - Horned Treefrogs
 Stefania - Carrying Frogs

Frogs

hu:Erszényes békák
Ettore Francesco Maria Bassi (born April 16, 1970) is an Italian actor and television presenter. In 2010, it was announced that he is the successor of Kaspar Capparoni in the German-Austrian-Italian thriller series Inspector Rex.

Other websites
 Sito ufficiale di Ettore Bassi
 

1970 births
Italian actors
Italian television presenters
People from Bari
Living people
The shovelnose frogs are nine species of frog in the genus, Hemisus.  The is the only genus in the Family Hemisotidae. They are found in tropical and subtropical sub-Saharan Africa. 

The shovelnose frogs are medium sized frogs, reaching a length of . They are round-bodied, with short legs. Their head is small and narrow, with a hard, upturned nose. 

The shovelnose frogs are digging frogs.  They live most of their life underground. The female will dig underground while it is in amplexus.  It then will lay the eggs in an underground hole. The male will leave through the tunnel, and the female will stay with the eggs. Once enough rain has fallen, the female will dig, with her nose, towards a water source. The tadpoles will stay there until metamorphosis. The tadpoles may stay out of water for up to a few days. 

Unlike most digging frogs, the shovelnose frogs dig head first.  Other frogs dig rear first. 

Some species are kept as pets.

Species
Family HEMISOTIDAE
 Genus Hemisus
 Hemisus barotseensis - Mongu Shovelnose Frog (Channing & Broadley, 2002)
 Hemisus brachydactylus - Masiliwa Shovelnose Frog (Laurent, 1963)
 Hemisus guineensis - Guinea Shovelnose Frog (Cope, 1865)
 Hemisus guttatus - Spotted Shovelnose Frog (Rapp, 1842)
 Hemisus marmoratus - Marbled Shovelnose Frog (Steindachner, 1863)
 Hemisus microscaphus - Lake Zwei Shovelnose Frog (Laurent, 1972)
 Hemisus olivaceus - Olive Shovelnose Frog (Laurent, 1963)
 Hemisus perreti - Perret's Shovelnose Frog (Laurent, 1972)
 Hemisus wittei - Witte's Shovelnose Frog (Laurent, 1963)

References

 
 Amphibian Species of the World: Hemisus

Frogs
Hyperoliidae is a family of small to medium sized, brightly colored, frogs.  It has more than 250 species in 19 genera. Seventeen genera live in sub-Saharan Africa. 

Hyperoliids range from  to  in body length. Many species have smooth, brightly patterned, skin that almost looks enameled.

Most hyperoliids live in trees.  Some live on land, including several Kassina species that move by walking or running rather than hopping. Diet varies widely, with examples including Tornierella, who eats snails, and Afrixalus fornasinii, the only land frog known to eat eggs of other species of anurans.

Breeding in this family begins at the start of the rainy season.  Hyperoliids come together at breeding sites. Most hyperoliids lay their eggs in water. Tadpoles are pond type larvae with large dorsal fins on the tail.

No fossil hyperoliids are known.

Classification
Family HYPEROLIIDAE
 Subfamily Hyperoliinae
 Genus Acanthixalus - African wart frogs
 Genus Alexteroon - Midwife frogs
 Genus Arlequinus - Mebebque frogs
 Genus Callixalus - African painted frogs
 Genus Chlorolius - Koehler's green frogs
 Genus Chrysobatrachus - Itombwe golden frogs
 Genus Cryptothylax - Wax frogs
 Genus Heterixalus - Madagascan reed frogs
 Genus Hyperolius - African reed frogs
 Genus Nesionixalus
 Subfamily Kassininae
 Genus Afrixalus - Banana frogs
 Genus Kassina - Running frogs
 Genus Kassinula - Clicking frogs
 Genus Opisthothylax - Grey-eyed frogs
 Genus Paracassina - Common striped frogs
 Genus Phlyctimantis - African striped frogs
 Genus Semnodactylus - Weal's frogs
 Genus Tornierella
 Subfamily Tachycneminae
 Genus Tachycnemis - Seychelles Islands frogs

References

Frogs
Mantellidae is a family of the order Anura. These frogs are found only in Madagascar and Mayotte.

These frogs are very different from each other. Most species live on land, though some live in trees. Body size ranges from 3 to 10 centimetres in length. The genus Mantella has many similarities with the South American poison dart frogs. 
They are small, aposematically coloured, and secrete alkaloid toxins.

Some members of this group are kept as pets due to their bright colors.

References

Frogs
Microhylidae is a family of frogs. There are 495 species in 68 genera and nine subfamilies.  This is the largest number of genera of any frog family.

Description
As suggested by their name, microhylids are mostly small frogs. Many species are below  in length. Though some species are as large as . They can live in trees or on land. Some will even live close to water. The ground dwellers are often found under leaf litter within forests.  The sometimes go out at night to hunt. There are two main shapes for the microhylids.  One shape is with wide bodies and narrow mouths.  The other shape is with normal frog proportions. Those with narrow mouths generally eat termites and ants, and the others have diets typical of most frogs.

Reproduction
The microhylids of New Guinea and Australia do not have a tadpole stage. Those who live in trees can lay the eggs in trees, and never go to the ground. Where species do have tadpoles, these almost always do not have the teeth or horny beak typical of the tadpoles of other families.

Range
Frogs from Microhylidae live throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of North America, South America, Africa, eastern India, Sri Lanka, south-east Asia, through New Guinea and Australia. Although most are found in tropical or sub-tropical regions, a few species can be found in arid or non-tropical areas. They are the majority frog species in New Guinea and Madagascar.

References

 

Frogs
Myobatrachidae is a family of frogs found in Australia and New Guinea. Members of this family vary greatly in size.  There are species less than  long.  This family also has the second-largest frog in Australia, the Giant Barred Frog at  in length. The entire family either live in land or water.  None of them live in trees.

These frogs do not have the adhesive toe disc cups found in the tree frogs. The family is broken up into three sub-families: Limnodynastinae, Myobatrachinae and Rheobatrachinae. This separation is based mainly on their egg-laying habits. Those of the sub-family Limnodynastinae lay foam nests. The female makes foam with a chemical on her skin. The foam may float on top of water, or be on land. The sub-family Rheobatrachinae has the two species of gastric-brooding frog, and the rest are in the sub-family Myobatrachinae.

Taxonomy

References

 

Frogs
Julianna Margulies (born June 8, 1966) is an Emmy and Golden Globe award winning actress. She has received more Screen Actors Guild Awards than any other actress or actor. She played Carol in the long-running series ER and Alicia in the CBS legal drama The Good Wife. She also performed in sitcoms and theatrical movies. She was raised in New York.

Other websites

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from New York
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1966 births
Living people
Maya Rudolph (born July 27, 1972) is an American actress and comedian. She is the daughter of singer Minnie Riperton and music composer Richard Rudolph. She has acted in numerous sitcoms, in particular NBC's Up all Night. She was a cast member on the NBC television show Saturday Night Live from 2000-2007. 

She was raised in Santa Monica, California. She attended University of California, Santa Cruz.

Early life
Rudolph was born in Gainesville, Florida. She is the daughter of soul singer Minnie Riperton and composer/songwriter/producer Richard Rudolph. Her father is an Ashkenazi Jew, and her mother was African-American. Her paternal grandfather was Sidney Rudolph, a philanthropist who once owned all of the Wendy's and Rudy's restaurants in Dade County, Florida. Her parents moved to Los Angeles when she and her brother Marc were very young, and they grew up primarily in the Westwood section.

References

Comedians from Florida
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Florida
Musicians from Florida
Singers from Los Angeles
1972 births
Living people
Minnie Julia Riperton Rudolph (November 8, 1947 - July 12, 1979), known professionally as Minnie Riperton, was an American singer-songwriter best known for her 1975 single "Lovin' You". She was well known for her R&B singing. She was married to songwriter and music producer Richard Rudolph from 1972 until her death in 1979. They had two children: music engineer Marc Rudolph and actress/comedienne Maya Rudolph. She was born in Chicago, Illinois. She died of breast cancer at the age of 31 on July 12, 1979.

Early life
Riperton was born in Chicago to Thelma and Daniel Riperton, a Pullman porter. She was the youngest of eight children. She was raised in a musical family. She embraced the arts early. Although she began with ballet and modern dance, her parents recognized her vocal and musical abilities and encouraged her to pursue music and voice.

References

African American musicians
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from breast cancer
Singers from Chicago
1947 births
1979 deaths
Deftones is an American alternative metal band from Sacramento, California. Deftones has five members in the band; the current band members are Chino Moreno, Stephen Carpenter, Abe Cunningham, Frank Delgado and Sergio Vega.

The band was formed in 1988. They released their debut album Adrenaline on October 3, 1995. The song "Elite" from their third studio album, "White Pony" won a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 2001. The band has been noted for influencing bands like Muse, Linkin Park, Avenged Sevenfold, Seether, System of a Down, Fightstar, 10 Years as well as many other bands.

On November 4, 2008, the band's bassist Chi Cheng was involved in a car accident which seriously injured him. The band brought in another bassist named Sergio Vega to replace him during his absence. Cheng died on April 13, 2013 after his heart stopped.

Band members 
Current
Chino Moreno - lead vocals, guitar (1988–present)
Stephen Carpenter - guitar (1988-present)
Abe Cunningham - drums (1988-present)
Frank Delgado - turntables, keyboards, samples (2000–present)
Sergio Vega - bass guitar, backing vocals (1999, 2009–present)

Former
Chi Cheng - bass, backing vocals (1988–2013) (†)

Discography

Studio albums
Adrenaline (1995)
Around the Fur (1997)
White Pony (2000)
Deftones (2003)
Saturday Night Wrist (2006)
Diamond Eyes (2010)
Koi No Yokan (2012)
Gore (2016)
Ohms (2020)

Compilation albums
B-Sides & Rarities (2005)
Covers (2011)
The Vinyl Collection 1995–2011 (2011)

Demos
Deftones (Demo 1) (1990)
Deftones (Demo 2) (1991)
Engine Number Nine/7 Words (1992)
(Like) Linus (1993)
Root/Nosebleed (1994)

EPs
Live (1998)
Back to School (Mini Maggit) (2001)
Live: Volume 1 – Selections from Adrenaline (2013)

Video albums
Music in High Places: Live in Hawaii (2003)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Alternative metal bands
American rock bands
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups from California
Sacramento, California
Musical groups established in 1988
1988 establishments in California
Wilby is a village in Quidenham, Breckland, Norfolk, England. It has a church called All Saints.

References 

Breckland
Villages in Norfolk
Minnow is a general term used for fish which are often used as bait for fishing. Many of these fish belong the Carp family. Fish in the family Leuciscinae are often referred to as True Minnows.

Fish
Sea devils are deep-sea anglerfish of the family Ceratiidae. They are among the most widespread of the anglerfish, found in all oceans from the tropics to the Antarctic.

The females are large: females of the largest species, Krøyer's deep sea angler fish, Ceratias holboelli, reach  in length. Males, on the other hand, are dwarfed, only  maximum. When these fish were first studied, the males were mistaken for parasites. Females usually have more than one male attached to them, which is a good example of polyandry.

At birth, tiny male ceratiids already have extremely well-developed olfactory organs that detect scents in the water. The male lives solely to find and mate with a female. They are significantly smaller than a female angler fish, and may have trouble finding food in the deep sea. Furthermore, the growth of the gut may stop in some species, preventing them from feeding at all. This means the male must find a female quickly to prevent death. The sensitive olfactory organs help the male detect the pheromones from female anglerfish.

When the male finds a female, he bites into her skin, and releases an enzyme. The enzyme digests the skin of his mouth and her body, fusing the pair down to the blood-vessel level. The male then slowly wastes away, first losing his digestive organs, then his brain, heart, and eyes, and ends as nothing more than a pair of gonads. The gonads release sperm in response to hormones in the female's bloodstream. This extreme sexual dimorphism makes sure that, when the female is ready to spawn, she has a mate right there. Multiple males can be incorporated into a single female.

Ceratiids are the only animals known to become chimaeras  as a normal part of their life-cycle.

References 

Teleosts
A chimaera or chimera is a single organism (usually an animal)  made of two kinds of genetically distinct cells. The two types of cells may come from separate fertilised eggs or zygotes.

Chimeras that originate from distinct fertilised eggs fused together are called dispermic chimeras. When, on the other hand, the genetically distinct cell types originate from the same zygote, the organism is called a mosaic.

Dispermic chimaeras are formed from at least two fertilized eggs or early embryos fused together. Each population of cells keeps its own phenotype and the resulting organism is a mixture of the two phenotypes.

Microchimerism is a form of chimerism in which a host harbors a small set of genetically distinct cells. This often happens with blood transfusion or transplants, but also during pregnancy due to the two-way cell trafficking between the mother and the foetus.

Recently, epigenetic chimeras have been discovered in mouse models.

Germline chimerism 
Germline chimerism occurs when the germ cells (for example, sperm and egg cells) of an organism are not genetically identical to its own.

Marmosets almost always give birth to fraternal twins. They may have the reproductive cells of their (fraternal) twin siblings. Placental fusion during development in the womb is what causes this.

Related pages 
Mosaic (genetics)

References 

Developmental biology
Biological reproduction
Phil Donahue (born December 21, 1935 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American talk show host. He is best known for hosting The Phil Donahue Show (1970 to 1996). He has also hosted other talk shows.

References

Other websites
 

1935 births
Living people
American journalists
American television actors
American television talk show hosts
Writers from Cleveland, Ohio
Exodus International was a non profit and ex-gay Christian group seeking to limit homosexual desire. The group was based in Orlando,, Florida. They did not perform or conduct clinical treatment, although it does have a position saying that holistic counseling approaches that can address homosexual behaviors may be beneficial. The techniques involved are abstinence, lessening of homosexual temptations and correcting distorted style of relations to the same or opposite gender. This organization was founded around 1976. It represented over 120 local ministry networks in the United States and Canada and over 150 in another 17 countries. It was closed in 2013.

1976 establishments in the United States
2013 disestablishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Florida
Organizations based in the United States
Christianity in the United States
Christian organizations
Non-profit organizations
LGBT
Orlando, Florida
2010s disestablishments in Florida
Trainz is a computer program that allows you to create your own Railway. It is being developed by the Australian developer Auran. The game comes in 3 areas: Routes, Railyard and Scenarios. Routes Has 3 areas inside it: Surveyor; Where you Can Create and change Routes, Driver; Where you can drive along surveyor routes,and Routes; Where You Can See all the routes. Railyard is Where you can see all your trains. Scenarios Is Where You can earn points by doing missions. They are different versions, The Latest one being Trainz 12. They Work With Windows XP and Up And Mac OS 10.6.8 and Up.

Other websites 

 Trainz Simulator official website
 Auran official website

Windows games
Petropedetinae are a subfamily of frogs. 

They are placed in the true frog family (Ranidae) by many authors. Some think at least part of this group are a distinct family Petropedetidae. The Cacosterninae and Phrynobatrachinae are then separated as subfamilies.  They may even be distinct families Cacosternidae and Phrynobatrachidae. Most members of this subfamily are in the genus Phrynobatrachus. 

These frogs mostly live in sub-Saharan Africa.

This group of frogs is made up from the following genera:
 Anhydrophryne – Hogsback Frog (1 species)
 Arthroleptella – moss frogs (8 species)
 Arthroleptides – African torrent frogs (3 species)
 Cacosternum – cacos (10 species)
 Dimorphognathus (1 species)
 Ericabatrachus (1 species)
 Microbatrachella – Micro Frog (1 species)
 Natalobatrachus (1 species)
 Nothophryne (1 species)
 Petropedetes (7 species)
 Phrynobatrachus – dwarf puddle frogs or African puddle frogs (70+ species)
 Phrynodon (1 species)
 Poyntonia (1 species)

References

  (2006): Amphibian Species of the World Version 3 - Petropedetidae Noble, 1931. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Retrieved 2006-AUG-05.

Frogs
Pyxicephalidae is a family of frogs.  They are found in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Classification

Pyxicephalidae has two subfamilies, with a total of 13 genera.  This family was formerly considered part of the family Ranidae.

Family PYXICEPHALIDAE
 Subfamily Cacosterninae
 Genus Amietia (15 species)
 Genus Anhydrophryne (3 species)
 Genus Arthroleptella (3 species) – Moss frogs
 Genus Cacosternum (12 species)
 Genus Ericabatrachus (1 species)
 Genus Microbatrachella (1 species) – Micro frog
 Genus Natalobatrachus (1 species)
 Genus Nothophryne (1 species)
 Genus Poyntonia (1 species)
 Genus Strongylopus (10 species)
 Genus Tomopterna (11 species)
Subfamily Pyxicephalinae
 Genus Aubria (2 species) – Masako fishing frog, brown ball frog
 Genus Pyxicephalus (3 species) – African bull frogs, pixie frog

References

Frogs
Rhacophoridae is a family of frog species.  They live in tropical regions of Asia and Africa. They are commonly known as shrub frogs.  Sometimes they are called '"moss frogs" or "bush frogs". Some Rhacophoridae are called "tree frogs". Among the most spectacular members of this family are numerous "flying frogs".

Most of the species are arboreal. This may include reproducing in trees. Mating frogs, while in amplexus, hold onto a branch, and beat their legs to form a foam. The eggs are laid in the foam.  They are then covered with seminal fluid. Then the foam hardens into a protective casing. In some species, this is done in a large group. The foam is laid above a water source, so the tadpoles fall into the water once they hatch.

The species in this family vary in size, from  to . Like other arboreal frogs, they have toe discs. This family has the Old World flying frogs, including Wallace's flying frogs(Rhacophorus nigropalmatus). These frogs have extensive webbing between their hands and feet.  This lets them glide through the air.

References

 

Frogs
Adrenaline is the first studio album by American metal band, Deftones. Adrenaline was released on October 3, 1995. The album was originally known as Communion but was later changed to Adrenaline. The album was ranked as #33 on music critic Piero Scaruffi's list of best metal albums of all times.

Songs

References

1995 albums
Nu metal albums
Hurricane Isaac was an Atlantic tropical cyclone that killed almost two dozen people in Hispaniola in August 2012 and moved over Cuba and Haiti.  Isaac then became a Category One hurricane on August 28 and hit near the southeast tip of Louisiana at 6:44 pm that day.

History 
According to the report. Issac was from a Tropical Wave that moved of the coast of Africa on August 15.

Issac did not become a tropical depression until August 21.

Issac was upgraded to a tropical storm that  same day as Hurricane Hunters went into the storm and found winds more then 50 mph.

Issac made its passage along the Lesser Antilles on August 22.

On August 25 the storm made its first landfall on Haiti with winds of 70 mph.

Issac made its second landfall on Cuba with winds around 60-65 mph on the same day.

Issac quickly exited Cuba and went towards the Florida Keys on August 26 but even though it did made landfall. It caused heavy rain to the Keys.

Issac became a Hurricane on August 28 and made landfall as a Category 1 Hurricane with 80 mph.

Issac moved inland and dissipated.

2012 Atlantic hurricane season
2012 in the United States
2010s in Haiti
2010s in Louisiana
2010s in Cuba
August events
The Sooglossidae (Seychelles frogs) are a family of frogs.  They are found on the Seychelles Islands and India.

All of the species are small land frogs, about  in length.  They hide under fallen leaves or in rock crevices. They lay their eggs on moist ground, rather than in water. One species lacks tadpoles, with the eggs hatching directly into froglets. The others carry the tadpoles on their back until metamorphosis.

Taxonomy
The family was first described in 1931 by Gladwyn Kingsley Noble (1894–1940).
 Genus Sooglossus (Seychelles frogs)
 Gardiner's Seychelles frog (S. gardineri)
 Seychelles palm frog (S. pipilodryas)
 Seychelles frog (S. sechellensis)
 Thomasset's frog (S. thomasseti)
 Genus Nasikabatrachus (purple frog)
 Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis

References

Frogs
Strabomantidae is a family of frogs.  They live in South America. These frogs do not have a free-living larval stage.  They hatch directly into miniature "froglets".

Systematics
Holoadeninae
Barycholos
Bryophryne
Euparkerella
Holoaden
Noblella
Psychrophrynella

Strabomantinae
Atopophrynus
Dischidodactylus
Geobatrachus
Hypodactylus
Lynchius
Niceforonia
Oreobates
Phrynopus
Pristimantis
Strabomantis

References

Frogs
The purple frog (Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis) is a frog species in the family Sooglossidae. It lives in the Western Ghats in India. Common names for this species are  Indian purple frog, pignose frog or doughnut frog. It was discovered by S.D. Biju and F. Bossyut in October 2003.  

This frog's body is shaped similarly to that of most frogs.  It is somewhat rounded. It has a small head and an unusual pointed snout. Adults are typically dark purple in color. Its cry sounds more like one from a chicken.

The frog spends most of the year underground.  It comes out only for about two weeks, during the monsoon.  This is to mate. 

Unlike many other digging species of frogs that feed above the ground, this species eats underground.  They feed mainly on termites using their tongue. 

The purple frog has one close relative, Bhupathy's purple frog, which also lives in the Western Ghats.

Other ideas

Scientists say that because the purple frog and Bhupathy's purple frog have close relatives in the Seychelles, which are close to Africa, it is likely that the Gondwanaland idea of why the continents are where they are is right.  This idea says that Africa and India used to be one large continent, called Gondwanaland.

References 

Frogs
Jody Vanessa Watley (born 30 January 1959) is an American singer, songwriter and recording artist. Her songs cross multiple genres. She was very popular in the late 1980s. She recorded and performed numerous songs related to dance-pop. She was born in Chicago.

Along with Janet Jackson and Madonna, she is one of MTV Video Music Awards most nominated female artists ever.  She had six nominations for her ‘Real Love’ video. 

Watley has sold over 50 million albums and singles Worldwide. 
In 2008, she received a Lifetime Achievement Award from Billboard magazine.

Awards

Grammy Awards
The Grammy Awards are awarded each year by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.

|-
|rowspan="2"| 1988 || || Best New Artist || 
|-
| "Looking for a New Love" || Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female || 
|-

American Music Awards
The American Music Awards is a yearly awards ceremony created by Dick Clark in 1973. 

|-
|rowspan="1"|  || "Looking for a New Love" || Favorite Single (Soul/R&B) || 
|-

MTV Video Music Awards
The MTV Video Music Awards were started in 1984 by MTV to celebrate the top music videos of the year. 

|-
|rowspan="2"| 1988 
|rowspan="2"| "Some Kind of Lover" 
| Best Female Video 
|
|-
| Best New Artist in a Video 
|
|-
|rowspan="6"| 1989 
|rowspan="6"| "Real Love" 
| Best Female Video 
|
|-
| Best Dance Video
|
|-
| Breakthrough Video 
|
|-
| Best Direction in a Video
|
|-
| Best Art Direction in a Video 
|
|-
| Best Editing in a Video
|
|-

Soul Train Music Awards
The Soul Train Music Awards is a yearly award show.  They honor the best in African American music and entertainment. 

|-
|rowspan="3"| 1988 
|rowspan="2"| "Looking for a New Love" 
| Best Music Video
| 
|-
| Best R&B/Soul Single, Female
| 
|-
| Jody Watley || Best R&B/Soul Album, Female 
| 
|-

Billboard Music Awards
The Billboard Music Awards are sponsored by Billboard magazine.  They are to honor artists based on Billboard Year-End Charts. The award ceremony was held from 1990 to 2007. Before and after that time span, winners have been announced by Billboard, both in the press and as part of their year-end issue. The award returned in 2011.

|-
|rowspan="1"| 2008 || || Lifetime Achievement Award || 
|-
|}

References

1959 births
Living people
Singers from Chicago
Grammy Award winners
This is a list of populated places in El Salvador.

Cities
Over 100,000 Development Indor a High Human ex, and a high urbanization. 
AMSS = San Salvador Metropolitan Area

 Acajutla Pop. 47,678
 Apopa Pop. 217,733 (AMSS)
 Antiguo Cuscatlán - Highest HDI in the country(0.896-very high) Pop. 55,608 (AMSS)
 Ciudad Delgado Pop. 174,825 (AMSS)
 Cuscatancingo Pop. 117,013 (AMSS)
 Ilopango Pop. 159,232 (AMSS)
 La Unión Pop. 26,739
 Mejicanos Pop. 211,878(AMSS)
 Metapán Pop.59,004
 San Miguel Pop. 218,410
 San Salvador (capital) Pop. City 540,989 Metro 2,290,000 (AMSS)
 Santa Tecla Pop. 164,171 (AMSS)
 Santa Ana Pop 280,000
 San Martin Pop. 144,722 (AMSS)
 Sonsonate Pop. 110,501.
 Soyapango Pop. 262,975 (AMSS)

Towns

Over 50,000, medium to low urbanization, or departmental capital.

 Ahuachapán Pop. 110,511
 Chalatenango Pop. 29,271
 Cojutepeque Pop. 70,000
 Nejapa Pop. 50,966
 San Vicente Pop. 53,213
 Tacuba Pop. 50,000
 Usulután Pop. 71,636
 Zacatecoluca Pop. 62,576

El Salvador, List of cities in
El Salvador
El Salvador
This is a list of cities in Equatorial Guinea It includes all settlements with a population over 1,000.

Other cities
Acalayong
Bolondo
Cocobeach (is also gabonese)
Fyad
Moca
San Antonio de Palé

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea
This is a list of cities and towns in Ethiopia:

A 
 Adama (also called Nazareth or Nazret)
 Addis Ababa
 Addis Alem (also called Ejersa)
 Addis Zemen
 Adigrat
 Adwa
 Agaro
 Akaki
 Alaba (also called "Quliito" or Kulito)
 Alitena
 Amba Mariam
 Ambo
 Ankober
 Arba Minch
 Arboye
 Asaita
 Asella
 Asosa
 Awasa
 Awash
 Axum
 Alamata

B
 Babille
 Baco
 Badme
 Bahir Dar
 Bati
 Bedele
 Beica
 Bichena
 Bonga
 Bishoftu

C 
 Ciro
 Chencha

D 
 Dabat
 Dangila
 Debark
 Debre Berhan
 Debre Marqos
 Debre Tabor
 Debre Werq
 Debre Zebit
 Dejen
 Dembidolo
 Dessie (or Dese)
 Dila
 Dire Dawa
 Dolo Bay
 Dolo Odo
 Durame

F 
 Finicha'a
 Fiche
 Finote Selam

G 
 Gambela
 Gelemso
 Ghimbi
 Ginir
 Goba
 Gode
 Gondar
 Gongoma
 Gore
 Gorgora
 Guion

H 
 Harar (or Harer)
 Hayq
 Holeta
 Hossana
 Humera

I 
 Imi
 Irgalem

J 
 Jijiga
 Jimma
 Jinka

K 
 Kabri Dar
 Kebri Mangest
 Kombolcha
 Konso
 Kulubi
 Kake

L 
 Lalibela
 Limmu Genet

M 
 Maji
 Maychew
 Mek'ele
 Mendi
 Metemma
 Metu
 Mizan Teferi
 Mojo
 Mota
 Moyale

N 
 Negash
 Negele Boran 
 Nekemte

S 
 Shashamane
 Shire (or Inda Selassie)
 Shilavo
 Shonne
 Sodo, also known as Wolaita Sodo
 Sodore

T 
 Tiya
 Tippi
 Tullu Milki
 Turmi

W 
 Wacca
 Walwal
 Werder
 Wereta
 Woldia
 Wolaita Sodo, see Sodo
 Wolleka
 Wuchale

Y 
 Yabelo
 Yeha

Z 
 Ziway

Ethiopia
This is a list of cities and towns in Gabon:

Gabon, List of cities in
Gabon
Gabon
This is a list of cities in Gambia.

Gambia, List of cities in The

Gambia
The following list of Georgian cities is divided into three separate lists.  There is one for Georgia itself, and the disputed territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

Cities and towns in Georgia
This is a list of the cities and towns in Georgia.

Cities and towns in Abkhazia

This is a list of the largest cities and towns in Abkhazia.

Cities and towns in South Ossetia

This is a list of the largest cities and towns in South Ossetia.

References
 
 

Georgia
Georgia
This is a list of the largest cities and towns in the Republic of Ghana.

References 

Ghana
This is a list of cities and towns in Grenada.
 Amber Belair
 Bacolet
 Barique
 Bathway
 Beaton
 Becke Moui
 Belmont
 Bogles
 Bois de Gannes
 Bonaire
 Calivigny
 Chantimelle
 Chutz
 Clabony
 Crochu
 Deblando
 Duquesne
 Diego Piece
 Dunfermline
 Elie Hall
 Fond
 Gouyave
 Grand Bras
 Grand Roy
 Grenville
 Hillsborough
 Ka-fe Beau
 La Borie
 La Fortune
 La Filette
 La Mode
 La Mode
 L'Anse Aux Epines
 La Tante
 La Taste
 Mamma Cannes
 Marquis
 Maulti
 Morne Docteur
 Morne Fendue
 Morne Jaloux
 Morne Jaloux Ridge
 Morne Longue
 Morne Rouge
 Morne Tranquille
 Mount Alexander
 Mount Craven
 Mount Qua Qua
 Mount Rich
 Mount Rodney
 Mount Rose
 Mount Saint Catherine
 Paradise
 Prospect
 Resource
 Rose Hill
 River Sallee
 River Sallee
 St. George's
 Sauteurs
 St. David's
 Telescope
 Tivoli
 Union Village
 Union
 Upper Capitol
 Upper Conference
 Upper La Tante
 Upper La Taste
 Upper Pearls
 Victoria
 Waltham
 Willis

Grenada, List of cities in
Grenada
Grenada
This is a list of cities in Guinea-Bissau.  All places with a population of over 5,000 are included.

Other settlements
Boe
Tombali

Guinea-Bissau, List of cities in
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau
This is a list of cities in Haiti.

List

Haiti, List of cities in
Haiti
Haiti
This a list of cities in Honduras. Population is based on the 2010 estimates.

References 

Honduras
Honduras
Honduras
The following is a list of cities, towns and new towns in Hong Kong.

Cities
{| class=wikitable
|-
| Cities || Districts covered 
|-valign=top
|Victoria City || part of Central and Western, part of Wan Chai and part of Eastern  
|-
Kowloon  including New Kowloon    Yau Tsim Mong, Sham Shui Po, Kowloon City, Wong Tai Sin and Kwun Tong  
|}

New towns

Towns

Hong Kong
China-related lists
Hungary has 3152 localities as of July 1, 2009. 

The largest city is the capital, Budapest. The smallest town is Pálháza with 1038 inhabitants (2010). The largest village is Solymár (population: 10,123 as of 2010). There are more than 100 villages with fewer than 100 people while the smallest villages have fewer than 20 inhabitants.

Largest cities in Hungary

Over 100,000 (big cities)

50,000 - 100,000 (middle-sized cities)

30,000 - 50,000 (smaller cities)

All other towns in Hungary as of 1 January 2011. 

Hungary
Anastasius is a male given name.  It is from the Greek  (anastasis) meaning "resurrection". Its female form is Anastasia.

Proper name

Byzantine emperors
Anastasius I (emperor) – Byzantine emperor 491–518
Anastasios II (died 718) – Byzantine emperor 713–715

Popes
Pope Anastasius I – Pope 399–401
Pope Anastasius II – Pope 496–498
Pope Anastasius III – Pope 911–913
Pope Anastasius IV – Pope 1153 to 1154

Other Christian saints and clergy
Saint Anastasius – a martyr under Nero
Saint Anastasius the Fuller – martyr (d. 304)
Anastasius of Antioch (disambiguation), multiple people
Saint Anastasius of Persia – Persian martyr (d. 628)
Saint Anastasius of Pavia– bishop of Pavia (d. 628)
Anastasius of Armenia – Catholicos of Armenia from 661 to 667
Saint Anastasius Sinaita (of Sinai) – theologian, Father of the Eastern Orthodox Church, monk, priest, and abbot of the monastery at Mt. Sinai (7th century)
Anastasius Bibliothecarius (c. 810–878) – librarian of the Church of Rome, scholar and statesman, sometimes identified as an Antipope
Astrik or Saint Anastasius of Pannonhalma – ambassador of Stephen I of Hungary (d. 1030)
Anastasius of Hungary (954-1044), Apostle to Hungary
Saint Anastasius of Lleida
St. Anastasius Cornicularius
Anastasius of Suppentonia – abbot (died 570)
Pope Anastasius of Alexandria – Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria 605–616
Patriarch Anastasius of Constantinople (I) – Patriarch of Constantinople 730–754
Anastasius Germonius – Archbishop of Tarantaise and canon lawyer (1551–1627)

Anastasio
 Anastasio Somoza García, Nicaraguan dictator (ruled 1936–1956)
 Anastasio Somoza Debayle (1925–1980), Nicaraguan dictator (ruled 1967–1979)
 Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero (born 1951), son of Somoza Debayle

Pseudonym
 Anton Alexander Graf von Auersperg (1806–1876) – Austrian poet who wrote under the pseudonym of Anastasius Grün.

Other
 Anastasius, a novel by Thomas Hope in the early 19th century.

Given names
The acceleration which is gained by an object because of gravitational force is called its acceleration due to gravity. Its SI unit is m/s2. Acceleration due to gravity is a vector, which means it has both a magnitude and a direction. The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Earth is represented by the letter g. It has a standard value defined as . However, the actual acceleration of a body in free fall varies with location.

Why heavier objects do not fall faster than lighter objects 
Isaac Newton worked out that resultant force equals mass times acceleration, or in symbols, . This can be re-arranged to give .
The bigger the mass of the falling object, the greater the force of gravitational attraction pulling it towards Earth. In the equation above, this is . However, the amount of times the force gets bigger or smaller is equal to the number of times the mass gets bigger or smaller, having the ratio remain constant. In every situation, the  cancels down to the uniform acceleration of around 9.8 m/s2. This means that, regardless of their mass, all freely falling objects accelerate at the same rate.

Consider the following examples:

Surface acceleration 
Depending on the location, an object at the surface of Earth falls with an acceleration between .

Earth is not exactly spherical. It is similar to a "squashed" sphere, with the radius at the equator slightly larger than the radius at the poles. This has the effect of slightly increasing gravitational acceleration at the poles (since we are close to the centre of Earth and the gravitational force depends on distance) and slightly decreasing it at the equator. Also, because of centripetal acceleration, the acceleration due to gravity is slightly less at the equator than at the poles. Changes in the density of rock under the ground or the presence of mountains nearby can affect gravitational acceleration slightly.

Altitude 

The acceleration of an object changes with altitude. The change in gravitational acceleration with distance from the centre of Earth follows an inverse-square law. This means that gravitational acceleration is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the centre of Earth. As the distance is doubled, the gravitational acceleration decreases by a factor of 4. As the distance is tripled, the gravitational acceleration decreases by a factor of 9, and so on.

At the surface of the Earth, the acceleration due to gravity is roughly . The average distance to the centre of the Earth is .

Using the constant , we can work out gravitational acceleration at a certain altitude.

Example: Find the acceleration due to gravity  above Earth's surface.

∴ Distance from centre of Earth is .

∴ Acceleration due to gravity  above Earth's surface is .

Gravitational acceleration at the Kármán line, the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space which lies at an altitude of , is only about 3% lower than at sea level.

References 

Physics
Gravitation
Pope Anastasius IV (; c.1073–3 December 1154), born Corrado di Suburra, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the 169th Pope from 1153 until his death in 1154.

Early life
Corrado di Suburra was born in Rome.  He was the son of Benedetto di Suburra.

Cardinal
In 1127, della Suburra was made cardinal-bishop of Sabina.

Pope
Anastasius was elected pope in July 1153.  He is known for helping to settle a controversy between the Holy Roman Emperor and the Bishop of Magdeburg in Germany.

The Pantheon in Rome was restored while he was pope.

The pope died on 3 December 1154.

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Other websites

 
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Corrado di Suburra

Italian popes
1073 births
1154 deaths
WWE 2K series is a series of video games that are developed by Yuke's and Visual Concepts and are published by 2K Sports. The video games are based on the professional wrestling company WWE.

The series was first known as WWF/WWE SmackDown! from 2000 to 2004 and then was changed to WWE SmackDown vs. Raw in 2004. The title was changed to simply WWE in 2011 with the release of WWE '12. The WWE title was used for WWE '12 and WWE '13 and was changed to WWE 2K when Take Two Interactive acquired the publishing rights for the series from THQ. In Japan, the series was known as Exciting Pro Wrestling until 2005. The series has gained positive reviews over the years and is one of the best-selling video game franchises. 

The series was published by THQ from 2000 to 2013 before THQ filed for bankruptcy on December 19, 2012. THQ's assets were auctioned off and the WWE video game's publishing rights were acquired by Take Two Interactive (Parent company of 2K Games).

Games 
 WWF SmackDown! (PS) (2000)
 WWF SmackDown! 2: Know Your Role (PS) (2000)
 WWF SmackDown! Just Bring It (PS2) (2001)
 WWE SmackDown! Shut Your Mouth (PS2) (2002)
 WWE SmackDown! Here Comes the Pain (PS2) (2003)
 WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw (PS2) (2004)
 WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw 2006 (PS2, PSP) (2005)
 WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2007 (PS2, PSP, Xbox 360) (2006)
 WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2008 (PS2, PS3, Wii, Xbox 360, Mobile, NDS) (2007)
 WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2009 (PS2, PS3, PSP, Wii, Xbox 360, Mobile, NDS) (2008)
 WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2010 (PS2, PS3, PSP, Wii, Xbox 360, Mobile, NDS) (2009)
 WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2011 (PlayStation 2, PS3, PSP, Wii, Xbox 360) (2010)
 WWE '12 (PS3, Wii, Xbox 360) (2011)
 WWE '13 (PS3, Wii, Xbox 360) (2012)
 WWE 2K14 (PS3, Xbox 360) (2013)
 WWE 2K15 (PS3, PS4, Xbox 360, Xbox One) (2014)
 WWE 2K16 (PS4, PS3, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows) (2015)
 WWE 2K17 (PS4, PS3, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows) (2016)
 WWE 2K18 (PS4, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows) (2017)
 WWE 2K19
 WWE 2K20 (PS4, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows) (2019)
 WWE 2K Battlegrounds (PS4, Xbox One, Stadia, Nintendo Switch) (2020)
 WWE 2K 2022 (PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S, Windows, Nintendo Switch) (2022)

References

Video game series
James Oliver Cromwell (born January 27, 1940) is an American movie and television actor. He is mostly known for his roles in Babe, for which he earned a nomination for an Academy Award of Best Supporting Actor, Clear and Present Danger, Star Trek: First Contact, L.A. Confidential, The Green Mile, Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron, The Sum of All Fears, The Queen, The Artist, Big Hero 6 and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. Cromwell is also known for his television role in Six Feet Under'' that ran from 2003 until 2005. He has been nominated for an Academy Award, three Emmy Awards, and four Screen Actors Guild Awards during his 39-year career.

Cromwell is also known for his height which is 6 ft and 7 in., this makes Cromwell the tallest actor to receive an Academy Award nomination. Cromwell won his first Emmy Award in 2013.

Cromwell was born on January 27, 1940 in Los Angeles, California to Kay Johnson and John Cromwell. He was raised in Manhattan, New York. Cromwell was educated at Middlebury College and at Carnegie Mellon University.

Cromwell was married to Anne Ulvestad from 1976 until they divorced in 1986, they had three children. Lastly he married Julie Cobb from 1986 until they divorced in 2005. He currently lives in Studio City, Los Angeles, California.

He supported the presidential campaign of Bernie Sanders in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

References

Other websites

 
 

Emmy Award winning actors
1940 births
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from New York City
American environmentalists
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American animal rights activists
American political activists
Living people