cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Marie Osborne Yeats (born Helen Alice Myres; November 5, 1911 – November 11, 2010), was an American actress, credited as Baby Marie between 1914 and 1919.

Osborne was born on November 5, 1911 in Denver, Colorado. She was raised in Long Beach, California. Osborne was married to Frank J. Dempsey from 1931 until they divorced in 1936. They had one daughter, Joan. Then she was married to Murray F. Yates from 1945 until his death in 1975. Osborne died on November 11, 2010 in her home in San Clemente, California from natural causes, aged 99.

References

Other websites

NitrateVille Obituary
Baby Marie Osborne 1999 profile 
Literature on Baby Marie Osborne
2005 biography of Baby Marie Osborne
Marie Osborne Yeats at Find A Grave

1911 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American silent movie actors
American child actors
Actors from Denver, Colorado
Actors from Long Beach, California
Jean Darling (August 23, 1922 – September 4, 2015) was an American silent movie actress, singer, and writer. She was been in many movies when she was a child. She was one of the last surviving actors from the silent movie area. 

Darling was born on August 23, 1922 in Santa Monica, California. She was married to Reuben Bowen from 1954 until his death in 1980. They have a son, Roy Bowen. Darling lived in Dublin, Ireland where she writes many books about her career. She died on September 4, 2015 at her son's house in Rodgau, Germany at the age of 93.

References

Other websites

Her Website

1922 births
2015 deaths
American silent movie actors
American child actors
Singers from California
Writers from California
Actors from Santa Monica, California
Rebecca Isabelle "Carla" Laemmle (October 20, 1909 – June 12, 2014) was an American silent movie actress. She was one of the last surviving and oldest actors from the silent movie area. Her best known roles was in Dracula (1931). She retired in 2012 at the age of 103. She was the niece of Carl Laemmle.

Laemmle was born on October 20, 1909 in Chicago, Illinois. She was of German Jewish ancestry.

Laemmle died from natural causes on June 12, 2014 in Los Angeles, California, aged 104.

References

Other websites
 

1909 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Chicago
American centenarians
American silent movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from natural causes
Jewish American actors
Kunani () is a city in Kohdasht County, Lorestan, Iran. There were 3,746 people living here in 2006.

References

Cities in Iran
Lorestan Province
Inverted Coaster (sometimes known as Inverts by Coaster enthusiasts) is a roller coaster designed by Bolliger and Mabillard and was first conceived in 1992. Unlike the other coaster which above the track, This coaster sits you by the bottom of the track. making a flying sensation.

Development 
The inverted coaster was coined by the Swiss roller coaster designers Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M) In 1991/92. The first installation of the Inverts came at Six Flags Great America in 1992. Batman: The Ride opened to much fanfare and was "cloned" many times at other parks. The inverted coaster quickly became an favorite with custom designs installed nearly every year. The tallest and fastest inverted coaster is Wicked Twister at Cedar Point at 215 feet (66 m) tall and reaching speeds up to 72 miles per hour. Although, it was not built by B&M. The longest inverted coaster is Banshee at Kings Island which travels along 4,124 feet of track. 

Other roller coaster manufacturers followed in the footsteps of Bolliger & Mabillard and began working on their own inverted coaster designs, including Vekoma, Intamin (Which was the builders of Wicker Twister in 2002) and other smaller companies. Intamin has few designs classified as inverted coasters, although they do install inverted coaster trains on some of their launched designs. Vekoma

In recent years, Vekoma has become the first manufacturer to install a family-friendly inverted roller coaster.

The inversions usually include vertical loops, zero gravity rolls, Immelmann loops, cobra rolls, and corkscrews.

Installations 
189 inverted roller coasters have been installed at various theme parks, some of which have been relocated. The following list is not exhaustive and only shows the most notable installations.

Gallery

References 

Roller coasters
William James Adams Jr. (born March 15, 1975), known professionally as will.i.am (pronounced ‘Will-I-am’), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, DJ, record producer, voice actor, and philanthropist, best known as a founding and lead member of the hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas.

As a solo artist, will.i.am has released four solo albums, beginning with Lost Change, released in 2001 through Atlantic Records. His second solo outing, Must B 21, was released on September 23, 2003. The track "Go!" was regularly used as the theme for the NBA Live 2005 and Madden NFL 2005 seasons. The third album, Songs About Girls, was released on September 25, 2007. He released his fourth studio album, #willpower, in 2013.

As a music producer, will.i.am has produced with other artists including Cheryl, Michael Jackson, Justin Bieber, Kesha, Britney Spears, Miley Cyrus, David Guetta, U2, Rihanna, Lady Gaga, Usher, Justin Timberlake, A. R. Rahman, Nicki Minaj, 2NE1, and Baby Kaely. In collaborations and with the Black Eyed Peas, he has a total of 41 top-40 entries on the UK Singles Chart since 1998, and has sold 9.4 million singles in the UK.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

Living people
1975 births
American movie actors
American rappers
Rap musicians from California
Grammy Award winners
Rachel Mary Berkeley Portman, OBE (born 11 December 1960) is a British composer, best known for composing music for films. She was the first woman to win the Academy Award for Best Original Score

Movie Music

 Privileged (1982)
 Reflections (1984)
 Last Day of Summer (1984)
 Four Days in July (1985)
 Sharma and Beyond (1986)
 Good as Gold (1986)
 A Little Princess (1986)
 1914 All Out (1987)
 The Short and Curlies (1987)
 The Falklands War: The Untold Story (1987)
 90 Degrees South (1987)
 The Storyteller (1988) TV Series
 Loving Hazel (1988)
 Sometime in August (1988)
 The Woman in Black (1989)
 Young Charlie Chaplin (1989)
 Monster Maker (1989)
 Living with Dinosaurs (1989)
 Precious Bane (1989) (TV)
 Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1990)
 Shoot to Kill (1990)
 Life Is Sweet (1990)
 The Storyteller: Greek Myths (1990)
 The Widowmaker (1990)
 Where Angels Fear to Tread (1991)
 Antonia and Jane (1991)
 Flea Bites (1991) (TV)
 Used People (1992)
 Mr. Wakefield's Crusade (1992) (TV)
 Rebecca's Daughters (1992)
 The Cloning of Joanna May (1992)
 Friends (1993)
 The Joy Luck Club (1993)
 Benny & Joon (1993)
 Ethan Frome (1993)
 Great Moments in Aviation (1993)
 The Road to Wellville (1994)
 Only You (1994)
 Sirens (1994)
 War of the Buttons (1994)
 To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar (1995)

 Palookaville (1995)
 Smoke (1995)
 A Pyromaniac's Love Story (1995)
 Marvin's Room (1996)
 Emma (1996) (Won the Academy Award for Best Musical or Comedy Score)
 The Adventures of Pinocchio (1996)
 Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997)
 Addicted to Love (1997)
 Beloved (1998)
 Home Fries (1998)
 The Cider House Rules (1999)
 Ratcatcher (1999)
 The Other Sister (1999)
 Chocolat (2000)
 The Legend of Bagger Vance (2000)
 The Closer You Get :) (2000)
 The Emperor's New Clothes (2001)
 Nicholas Nickleby (2002)
 The Truth About Charlie (2002)
 Hart's War (2002)
 Mona Lisa Smile (2003)
 The Human Stain (2003)
 The Manchurian Candidate (2004)
 Lard (2004)
 Oliver Twist (2005)
 Define Normal (2005)
 Because of Winn-Dixie (2005)
 Infamous (2006)
 The Lake House (2006)
 H2Hope: The Water Diviner's Tale (Musical, BBC Prom 57) (2007)
 Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 (2008)
 The Duchess (2008)
 Grey Gardens (2009)
 Never Let Me Go (2010)
 Snow Flower and the Secret Fan (2010)
 I Don't Know How She Does It (2011; rejected score)
 One Day (2011)
 Bel Ami (2011; shared scoring credit with Lakshman Joseph De Saram)
 The Vow (2012; some of the film also scored by Michael Brook)
 Private Peaceful (2012)
 Still Life (2013)
 Untitled Diablo Cody Project (sometimes called Lamb of God) (2013)

References

1960 births
Living people
English composers
Academy Award winners
Salmon Portland Chase (January 13, 1808 – May 7, 1873) was an American politician and jurist who was U.S. Senator from Ohio and the 23rd Governor of Ohio; as U.S. Treasury Secretary under President Abraham Lincoln; and as the sixth Chief Justice of the United States. He was one of the most famous Republicans of his time.

Chase was born on January 13, 1808 in Cornish, New Hampshire. He was raised in Windsor, Vermont and Worthington, Ohio. He studied at Cincinnati College and in Dartmouth College. Chase was married to Katherine Garmiss from 1834 until they divorced. Then he was married to Eliza Ann Smith from 1839 until they divorced. Then he was married to Sarah Dunlop from 1846 until his death in 1873. He had six daughters. Chase died on May 7, 1873 in New York City, New York from an illness, aged 65.

References

Other websites

The Life of Salmon P. Chase, Attorney General of Fugitive Slaves.
 The Salmon P. Chase papers, including correspondence and a myriad of biographical materials spanning the years 1820-1884, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
Mr. Lincoln and Freedom: Salmon P. Chase
Eulogy on Chief-Justice Chase, delivered by William M. Evarts, 1874
Booknotes interview with John Niven on Salmon P. Chase: A Biography, May 28, 1995. 

1808 births
1873 deaths
Chief Justices of the United States
United States Secretaries of the Treasury
Governors of Ohio
United States senators from Ohio
Politicians from New Hampshire
Politicians from Vermont
US Republican Party politicians
Lawyers from Ohio
Lawyers from Vermont
Lawyers from New Hampshire
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 20 (also known as America's Next Top Model: Guys & Girls) is the twentieth season of America's Next Top Model. It is the fourteenth season to be shown on The CW. The season started in summer 2013. Tyra Banks, Kelly Cutrone, Bryanboy, and Rob Evans returned as judges on the show. Like in the previous cycle, the public votes on contestants.

It is the first season of America's Next Top Model to include more than fourteen contestants. It is also the first to have male contestants in the competition. Male contestants has happened previously in Spain's Supermodelo 2008 and Bosnia and Herzegovina's OBN Star Model.

Prizes
The prizes for this cycle are:

 A modeling contract with NEXT Model Management
 A spread in Nylon magazine.
 A US$100,000 ad campaign with Guess

Contestants
(ages stated are at time of contest)

Episode Summary

Episode 1 & 2

casting episode

Episode 3
First Call-Out: Marvin Cortes
Bottom Three: Mike Scocozza, Bianca Alexa & Chris Schellenger
Eliminated: Bianca Alexa & Chris Schellenger

Episode 4
First Call-Out: Mike Scocozza
Bottom Two: Don Benjamin & Chlea Ramirez
Eliminated: Chlea Ramirez

Episode 5
First Call-Out: Jourdan Miller
Bottom Two: Mike Scocozza & Jeremy Rohmer
Eliminated: Mike Scocozza

Episode 6
First Call-Out: Cory Wade Hindorff
Bottom Two: Jiana Davis & Alexandra Agro
Eliminated: Alexandra Agro

Episode 7
First Call-Out: Jourdan Miller
Bottom Three: Kanani Andaluz, Phil Sullivan & Jeremy Rohmer
Eliminated: Kanani Andaluz & Jeremy Rohmer

Episode 8
First Call-Out: Jourdan Miller
Bottom Two: Phil Sullivan & Jiana Davis
Eliminated: Jiana Davis

Episode 9
First Call-Out: Chris Hernandez
Bottom Two: Marvin Cortes & Phil Sullivan
Eliminated: Phil Sullivan
Returned: Alexandra Agro

Episode 10
recap episode

Episode 11
Returned: Jeremy Rohmer
First Call-Out: Nina Burns
Bottom Two: Alexandra Agro & Chris Hernandez
Eliminated: Alexandra Agro

Episode 12
First Call-Out: Nina Burns
Bottom Two: Don Benjamin & Marvin Cortes
Eliminated: Don Benjamin

Episode 13
First Call-Out: Jourdan Miller
Bottom Three: Nina Burns, Jeremy Rohmer & Chris Hernandez
Eliminated: Nina Burns & Jeremy Rohmer

Episode 14
First Call-Out: Jourdan Miller
Bottom Three: Cory Wade Hindorff, Chris Hernandez & Renee Bhagwandeen
Eliminated: Chris Hernandez & Renee Bhagwandeen

Episode 16
Eliminated Outside of Judging panel: Cory Wade Hindorff
Final Two: Jourdan Miller & Marvin Cortes
America's Next Top Model: Jourdan Miller

References

America's Next Top Model
Conserved sequences are similar or identical sequences which occur in DNA, and cause sequences in RNA, proteins and carbohydrates.

These sequences occur across species. This shows that the sequences has been maintained in evolution despite speciation. The further back up the phylogenetic tree a particular conserved sequence occurs, the more highly conserved it is. Since sequence information is normally transmitted from parents to progeny by genes, a conserved sequence implies that there is a conserved gene.

Conservation of a sequence happens when mutations in a highly conserved region lead to non-viable life forms, that is, a form which is eliminated through natural selection. In other words, the product of the gene is vital to life, and its function is destroyed by almost all changes (mutations) to the sequence.

Conserved nucleic acid sequences 
The basic theory, widely agreed, is that highly conserved DNA sequences must have functional value, though the role for many of these highly conserved non-coding DNA sequences is not known. One recent study that eliminated four highly conserved non-coding DNA sequences in mice yielded viable mice with no significant phenotypic differences; the authors described their findings as "unexpected". So there is clearly something here which is not understood.

Many regions of the DNA, including highly conserved DNA sequences, consist of repeated sequence elements. If only one of a set of a repeated sequences was removed, and the repetitions were not needed, then no difference would be seen in the mice. The paper did not report whether the eliminated sequences were repeated sequences.

Conserved protein sequences and structures
Highly conserved proteins are often required for cells to work or divide.  Conservation of protein sequences is shown by the presence of identical amino acid residues at analogous parts of proteins.  Conservation of protein structures is indicated by the presence of functionally equivalent, though not necessarily identical, amino acid residues and structures between analogous parts of proteins.

Shown below is an amino acid sequence alignment between two human zinc finger proteins. Conserved amino acid sequences are marked by strings of  on the third line of the sequence alignment. As can be seen from this alignment, these two proteins contain a number of conserved amino acid sequences (represented by identical letters aligned between the two sequences).

Comparative genomics 
The research field which studies the evolution and function of multigene families is called comparative genomics.

References 

Genetics
The FAMAS (Fusil d'Assaut de la Manufacture d'Armes de Saint-Étienne, in English "Assault Rifle from the Saint-Étienne Weapon Factory") is a bullpup-styled assault rifle designed and manufactured in France. It's the main assault rifle of the French Army, French Air Force, and French Navy since 1980. It was also sold for export.

Designed in 1973 FAMAS uses a 5.56mm NATO (.223) caliber cartridge. Muzzle velocity is between 925m/s and 960m/s following variants.

Variants

Civil 
 FAMAS "civil", built between 1982 and 1992 for security and protection companies.

Military 
 FAMAS F1, built between 1979 and 1992 for French militaries.
 FAMAS Commando, variant of F1 specially designed for special forces, shorter than original.
 FAMAS Export, variant of F1 specially designed for foreign customers.
 FAMAS G1, alternatively transition built in 1995 to prepare for the arrival of French troops in the G2.
 FAMAS G2, new generation more light, and using special weapons.
 FAMAS FELIN, variant of G2 specially designed for urban fights and close sniping .

Gouvernemental users 

Militaries and polices of that countries uses FAMAS.

References 

Assault rifles
France
Military of France
Bullpup rifles
The American President is a 1995 romance-comedy movie. It was released in November 1995. The story is about political subjects and romance. Annette Bening and Michael Douglas play the main characters. Martin Sheen and Michael J. Fox also star. This romance-comedy grossed near $108 million in the box office, which was only a modest success, though it remained a favorite for cable and home video. The reviews on this were very positive.

1990s romantic comedy movies
1995 comedy movies
1995 romance movies
American romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Rob Reiner
Political movies
Daniel Geale (born 26 February 1981) is an Australian professional boxer. He won the Ocean Mastership and the Commonwealth Games.

He started to box as a pro in 2004. He won the International Boxing Organization title in 2007 against Gary Comer. He defended the title five times after he lost it against Anthony Mundine. After he won against the opponent middelweight champion Roman Karmazin, he fought against Sebastian Sylvester, who defended the International Boxing Federation title. Geale won the fight and combined the International Boxing Federation title and the World Boxing Association title after a fight against Felix Sturm. After that, he defended his title against Anthony Mundine, who had beaten him in 2009. He is the reigning Champion of the World Boxing Association (WBA) and the International Boxing Federation (IBF).

Other websites
 
 
 

1981 births
Living people
Australian boxers
People from Launceston, Tasmania
Japanese empresses or Empress of Japan means a .  The term also mean an .

The wife of Naruhito is Empress Masako. She became the current Empress of Japan when her husband accepted his role as emperor

Empresses regnant 
There were eight female monarchs.  In other words, there were six female emperors including two who reigned twice. 

 Empress Jingū r. 206–269 —legendary/mythical; removed from the list of emperors in the 19th century 
 Empress Suiko (554–628), r. 593–628—first ruling empress
 Empress Kōgyoku (594–661), r. 642–645—formerly Princess Takara (Empress Consort of Jomei)
 Empress Saimei (594–661), r. 655–661 (same person as Empress Kōgyoku)
 Empress Jitō (645–702), r. 690–697
 Empress Gemmei (661–721), r. 707–715
 Empress Genshō (680–748), r. 715–724—formerly Princess Hidaka
 Empress Kōken (718–770), r. 749–758
 Empress Shōtoku (718–770), r. 764–770 (same person as Empress Kōken)
 Empress Meishō (1624–1696), r. 1629–1643
 Empress Go-Sakuramachi (1740–1813), r. 1762–1771—most recent ruling empress

Empresses consort 
The wife of an Japanese emperor is called empress in English, but her title in Japanese is a little different.

Kōgō is the title of a non-reigning empress consort.  The title, still in use, is generally conferred on an emperor's wife who had given birth to the heir to the throne.  The title was first awarded posthumously in 806 to the late mother of Emperor Heizei.

Chūgū was a term which evolved during the Heian period; and it came to be understood as the title of the empress.  For a time, chūgū replaced kōgō; and then the titles became interchangeable.

The numbers of kōgō varied, but there was only one Chūgū at a time.

The title kōtaigō was given to the wife of an ex-emperor; and the title tai-kōtaigō came to be used by a dowager empress.

Related pages
Imperial House of Japan

References

History of Japan
Lists of Japanese people
Emperors and empresses
Centre Georges Pompidou is an art museum in Paris. It opened in 1977, and is named after Georges Pompidou, a former President of France. It houses the largest museum for modern art in Europe.

Other websites
Official website 

Art museums in France
Buildings and structures in Paris
1977 establishments in Europe
1970s establishments in France
"Rude Boy" is a hit single sung by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna. It was released in February 2010. The song is from her fourth studio album, Rated R (2009). It combines dancehall and reggae. This single received mixed reviews. It spent five weeks at number one on Billboard Hot 100 in the United States.  It also topped charts in Australia and Israel.  It reached number two in the UK and number seven on the Canadian Hot 100.  It peaked within the top ten of most international charts.  Rihanna has most recently performed the song on her Anti World Tour.

On June 30, 2015, the Recording Industry Association of America certified the song quintuple-platinum for shipments and streams of over five million copies of the song across the US.

Music video 

The music video for the song has received over 449 million views as of March 2018.

References

2009 songs
2010 songs
Rihanna songs
Dancehall songs
Reggae songs
R&B songs
, formerly  , is the wife of Japan's Emperor Akihito.

Early life
Michiko Shōda was born at University of Tokyo Hospital in Tokyo.  She is the eldest daughter of Hidesaburo Shōda and Fumiko Soejima, president and later honorary chairman of Nisshin Flour Milling Company.

In 1957, she earned a BA degree at the University of the Sacred Heart, Tokyo.

Marriage
Shōda married Crown Prince Akihito in 1959.

When she married, she became Crown Princess Michiko.  She became Empress Michiko in 1989 when her husband became Emperor.

Empress Michiko is the mother of two sons and a daughter.

Health
In August 2019, it was revealed that she was diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer in July 2019. Empress Michiko had cancer surgery in September of the year.

Related pages
 Japanese empresses
Emperor of Japan
Imperial Household Agency

References

Other websites

Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress at Kunaicho.go.jp
 "Empress Michiko turns 77, and is feeling her age" at Asahi.com 

Japanese imperial family
1934 births
Living people
People with cancer
People from Tokyo
Emperors and empresses
Crown Princes and Princesses of Japan
Recipients of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
Saint Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) was a Spanish man.  He started the Jesuit order in Catholicism. He is also known for his Spiritual Exercises.

Other websites
Catholic encyclopaedia on Ignatius

Related pages
Aloysius Gonzaga

Christian saints
1491 births
1556 deaths
Spanish people
Audley Kendrick Tuten (January 14, 1915 – May 7, 1994) was an American professional ice hockey player that played 39 games in the NHL for the Chicago Black Hawks.

Tuten also played with the Hershey B'ars/Bears of the EHL for 4 seasons as well as the Baltimore Orioles from the EHL for 1 season. He went on to play for both the Kansas City Greyhounds and Kansas City Americans of the AHA for 1 season each. He entered the NHL and played with the Black Hawks for 5 games before rejoining the Americans. He joined the Black Hawks again and played 34 games with them. He left the Black Hawks and went on to join the Minneapolis Millers of the USHL for 4 games, the Fort Worth Rangers of the USHL for 2 games and the Kansas City Pla-Mors of the USHL for 10 games before ending his playing career with Los Angeles-S.D. of the PCHL. He died on May 7, 1994.

Other websites

1915 births
1994 deaths
American ice hockey players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Sportspeople from Alabama
Eastern Hockey League players
Ice hockey defencemen
Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers is a 1995 American horror movie. This was the first movie of Paul Rudd and the last movie of Donald Pleasence The movie was dedicated in his memory. The movie was directed by Joe Chappelle and produced by Moustapha Akkad. The movie was released on September 29, 1995.

About 
The movie is about Michael Myers trying to kill the baby of his niece, who he just killed in the beginning. Dr. Samuel Loomis comes out of retirement to save Tommy Doyle and Kara Strode. The main villain of the movie was Dr. Terence Wynn who was the leader of an evil group. At the end of the movie Michael Myers escapes when he switched clothes with Dr. Wynn. Dr. Loomis was touched by Dr. Wynn and became the new leader of the group. This ending was in the producer's cut of the movie.

Cast  
 Donald Pleasence as Dr. Loomis
 Paul Rudd as Tommy Doyle
 Marianne Hagan as Kara Strode
 Mitchell Ryan as Dr. Terence Wynn
 J. C. Brandy as Jamie Lloyd 
 George P. Wilbur as Michael Myers

Other websites 
 

1995 horror movies
Halloween movies
American crime movies
American horror movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Illinois
Sequel movies
Münchausen Syndrome (pronounced "MUNCH-house-in") is a mental illness in which a person repeatedly fakes disease, illness, or psychological trauma to get attention or sympathy from others. It is sometimes called hospital addiction syndrome, thick chart syndrome, or hospital hopper syndrome.

A related mental illness is Münchausen Syndrome by proxy. People with this condition abuse another person, usually a child, in order to get sympathy or attention for themselves.  For example, a parent might make their own child sick in order to get attention and sympathy from friends and medical professionals.

Symptoms
People with Münchausen Syndrome exaggerate or create symptoms of mental or physical illness. Some people with Münchausen make up detailed stories about medical problems they have had, or they may fake symptoms. However, others may harm themselves in many different ways in order to make it seem like they are sick. For example, they might take laxatives to make it seem like they have diarrhea, or take blood-thinning medications to cause bleeding. They might inject themselves with bacteria so that they get an infection. They might cut or burn themselves in order to create wounds. Sometimes, after getting medical treatment, people with Münchausen also do things to slow down or prevent their recovery - for example, by ripping out stitches.

The goal of this behavior is to get treatment, attention, sympathy, and comfort from medical professionals. For a person with Münchausen, being a patient feels familiar and comfortable. This meets a deep psychological need that the person has.

Risk factors
There are several risk factors for Münchausen (things which make it more likely for a person to develop the condition). Münchausen is more common in people who:
Went through some kind of trauma during childhood
Had a serious illness during childhood
Did not have their emotional needs met during childhood, because a parent or caregiver had a physical or mental illness
Wanted to work in a medical job, but failed
Have a personality disorder
Have low self esteem

Types
A few different types of Münchausen Syndrome have been identified.  They include:
Arrythmogenic Münchausen, in which people fake or cause themselves to have cardiac arrythmias (where the heart beats in ways that are not normal)
Münchausen by Internet, in which people fake illness in online chat rooms and support groups in order to get sympathy and attention from other Internet users

References

Mental illnesses
Syndromes
The Weeping Woman is an iconic painting. It was painted by Pablo Picasso. It is an oil painting done on canvas. Picasso painted this after his break-up with his mistress, Dora Maar. After the breakup he always said she was weeping there for creating the term of "Weeping Woman". Pablo Picasso used his skill for geometric shapes and design in the painting. You can see multiple dimensions in this picture. Made in 1937 it shows how old  Pablo Picasso would be now, though also how experienced he was then, being born in 1881. The level of experience it would take to be capable of such a level of geometric art work is surprisingly high considering there have been so many artists over the eras who have mastered it.

Paintings
Lazarus "Larry, Rock" Zeidel (June 1, 1928 – June 17, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played 5 seasons in the NHL as well as 12 seasons in the AHL.

Zeidel started his hockey career with the Barrie Flyers of the OHA for 28 games and then moved on to play with the Quebec Aces of the QSHL for 3 seasons. After that he played with the Saskatoon Quakers of the WCSHL and then the Detroit Red Wings of the NHL for 19 games before being sent to their AHL affiliate, Indianapolis Capitals for a season. He was called up to the Red Wings and played 9 games with them before he joined the Edmonton Flyers of the WHL and played 1 season with them. He played joined the Chicago Black Hawks of the NHL for 1 season and rejoined the Edmonton Flyers for 1 season. He would then play in the AHL with the Hershey Bears for 8 seasons and the Cleveland Barons for 1 season. He returned to the WHL to play with the Seattle Totems for 2 seasons and joined the Barons again for 2 seasons. He ended his playing career after playing with the Philadelphia Flyers for 2 seasons.

He won the Stanley Cup in 1952 during his time with the Detroit Red Wings.

Zeidel was Jewish and because of this antisemitic remarks were said to him during his playing career. His grandparents were killed in concentration camps by Nazis.

Zeidel suffered from dementia during his last years. He died in Pennsylvania from heart failure and renal failure, aged 86.

References

Other websites

1928 births
2014 deaths
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Canadian Jews
Chicago Blackhawks players
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from renal failure
Detroit Red Wings players
Disease-related deaths in Pennsylvania
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Jewish sportspeople
Philadelphia Flyers players
Sportspeople from Montreal
Stanley Cup champions
American Hockey League players
Vasanth Kumar Shivashankar Padukone (9 July 1925 – 10 October 1964), known by many as Guru Dutt, was an Indian movie director, producer and actor.

References

1925 births
1964 deaths
Indian movie directors
Indian movie actors
Bangalore
John Hermansader (1915–2005) was an American painter, graphic designer, and jazz fan. He is remembered for his iconic designs of Blue Note record covers.

Early years and education

John Bancroft Hermansader was born on November 1, 1915 near Reading, Pennsylvania. In the 1930s, he studied at the Memphis Academy of Art in Tennessee and the New Bauhaus in Chicago, Illinois. In New York City he studied with Robert Motherwell at the New School of Social Research.

Jazz, Blue Note Records, Fine Art

In 1939, he and his wife Rosemary were founders of the Hot Club of Newark, New Jersey, a significant group of jazz enthusiasts. John became the first president.

In 1951, when Blue Note Records began issuing 10 inch records, Hermansader was one of their first designers, along with Paul Bacon and Gil Melle. Looking back at this era, Michael Cuscuna of Mosaic Records said, “ What John Hermansader and Paul Bacon really did was evoke the feeling of the music. They used everything from Bauhaus designs to things that were really otherworldly.” Angelynn Grant adds, “When people think of Blue Note covers they think of Frank Wolff”s photography and Reid Miles design.  But John Hermansader laid the groundwork that got them going along that path.” Richard Cook, who wrote Blue Note Records: The Biography states, “Hermansader in particular balanced the twin issues of photography and type in a way that would mirror the concerns of the Blue Note of the years ahead.”

“John Hermansader was passionate about oil painting, “beautiful lyrical abstractions, full of color and movement.”5 He was an abstract expressionist painter who drew inspiration for his work from listening to jazz.”
His exhibitions included and the Gallery of Contemporary Art at Sunken Meadow, Long Island, 1951–58, Panoras Gallery 1956, Art USA 1958.  His work is in the collection of Wake Forest (IL) College, and the Schwenkfelder Art Museum, PA, as well as private collections.

Notable album covers

The Amazing Bud Powell, vol. 1 & 2: Blue Note 12” LP 
Jazz Messengers: At the Café Bohemia, vol.1 & 2 Blue Note, 12” LP 
Miles Davis, vol. 1 & 2: Blue Note, 12” LP
Horace Silver Quintet: Blue Note, 10” LP
Jay Jay Johnson, vol. 1 & 2: Blue Note, 12” LP

References

Other resources

Jazz Album Covers – The Rare and the Beautiful, Manek Daver
Jazz Graffico – Disaño y Fotografía en el Disco de Jazz 1940–1968, Ivam Centre Julio González
http://www.birkajazz.com/archive/bluenote/10inch.htm

American painters
1915 births
2005 deaths
Citizen Ruth is a 1996 comedy movie about pregnancy and abortion controversy. It was directed by Alexander Payne, and starring Laura Dern and Swoosie Kurtz.

1990s comedy movies
1996 movies
English-language movies
Wodan Timbur Coaster is a wooden roller coaster in Germany. It is in the Europa-Park in Rust, Baden-Württemberg. The coaster opened on March 31, 2012.

Ride

Wodan Timbur Coaster is in the "Iceland" section of the park that opened in 2009. It is the park's first wooden coaster. The coaster was built by Great Coasters International. They have built many coasters around the world. These include Troy at Toverland and El Toro at Freizeitpark Plohn. Wodan Timbur Coaster has three GCII Millennium Flyer trains. Each has polyurethane wheels instead of the normal steel wheels.

Name
The coaster was named after the Germanic name of the Nordic god Odin. Timbur is the Islandic word for wood. Timbur Coaster means wooden coaster.

Theme
The theme of Wodan Timbur Coaster is Norse mythology. The waiting line for the ride uses a large amount of detailed parts. These include fire, mist and water effects. The goddess of death, Hel, is also used. She has a turning sand timer. In the ride station, statues watch the train leave. They also turn to watch the train return to the station. The ride has several dives into tunnels.

References

Other websites

 

Buildings and structures in Baden-Württemberg
Roller coasters by name
Roller coasters in Germany
Dariusz Tomasz Michalczewski (May 5, 1968) better known as Tiger is a Polish boxer. He was World Boxing Organization, World Boxing Association, International Boxing Federation and Lineal champion in light heavyweight for nine years. He was undefeated for twelve years.

Michalczewski started his career in 1991. He won the World Boxing Association title against Leeonzer Barber, who was undefeated for 3 years. After that he combined the World Boxing Organization title and the Lineal title. He also won the Wold Boxing Organization title against Nestor Hipolito Giovannini in Cruiserweight. In 1996 he fought against Graciano Rochigani, who was one of the best Light Heavyweight boxer at this time. Michalchewski won at round 7. He combined the World Boxing Organization, World Boxing Association, International Boxing Federation and Lineal after a win against Virgil Hill, who was one of the world's best boxers at that time. In 2000 he fought the second time against Graciano Rocchigani. He won the fight in the tenth round by knockout. After the fight against Derrick Harmon, he needed one win to stop the record of Rocky Marciano, who was undefeated for 49 fights in a row. In his fortyninth fight, he fought in the Color Line Arena, Hamburg against Julio Cesar Gonzalez. Michalchewski wasn't trained and lost by split decision. In 2005 he made a comeback against the World Boxing Association Champion Fabrice Tiozzo. He lost the fight by knockout in round five. After that, he said that he never will fight again. In his best time, he counted with Roy Jones Junior as the best light heavyweight fighter of all time.

References

Polish sportspeople
Boxers
1968 births
Living people
KPS Skra Bełchatów SA  is a volleyball club from Poland. It started in 1930 as a football club, but began playing volleyball instead in 1957. The club plays in the Polish Volleyball League and they play in Bełchatów. Skra Bełchatów's owner is Polish company the Bełchatów Power Station. They won Polish championship in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014 and Polish Cup in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2016.

References 

Volleyball clubs
Sport in Poland
1930 establishments in Europe
20th century establishments in Poland
The crab louse or pubic louse is an insect, which is a parasite on humans. It is found most often in pubic hair, but also lives in other areas on the body with dense hair. It can be spread from one human to another by sexual intercourse, but also through garments, towels and besheets, for example in a hotel. Crab lice are still visible with the human eye, they are about 1.5-2mm in size. 

Note that head lice and Body lice are different species.

Insects
Vera Lúcia Fischer (born November 27, 1951 in Blumenau) is a Brazilian actress.

Filmography

TV
 1977 - Espelho Mágico.... Diana Queiróz (Débora)
 1978 - Sinal de Alerta.... Sulamita Montenegro
 1979 - Os Gigantes.... Helena
 1980 - Coração Alado.... Vívian
 1981 - Brilhante.... Luiza Sampaio
 1987 - Mandala.... Jocasta Silveira
 1990 - Riacho Doce .... Eduarda
 1990 - Desejo .... Ana de Assis
 1992 - Perigosas Peruas.... Cidinha
 1993 - Agosto .... Alice
 1994 - Pátria Minha.... Lídia Laport
 1996 - O Rei do Gado.... Nena Mezenga
 1998 - Você Decide.... Annie (ep: Amor e Traição)
 1998 - Pecado Capital.... Laura 
 2000 - Laços de Família.... Helena
 2001 - O Clone.... Yvete
 2003 - Agora É que São Elas.... Antônia
 2004 - Senhora do Destino.... Vera Robinson 
 2005 - América.... Úrsula
 2007 - Amazônia, de Galvez a Chico Mendes.... Lola
 2007 - Duas Caras.... Dolores
 2008 - Casos e Acasos.... Vera
 2009 - Caminho das Índias - Chiara
 2010 - Afinal, o Que Querem as Mulheres?.... Celeste
 2011 - Insensato Coração - Catarina Diniz
 2012 - Salve Jorge - Irina

References

Other websites 

1951 births
Living people
Brazilian actors
Giovanna Antonelli (born March 18, 1976 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian actress.

Personal life 
Antonelli is the daughter of Hilton Prado and Suely Antonelli. She has a brother named Leonardo Pietro Antonelli. She has a nephew named Gabriel. She married businessman Ricardo Medina on March 8, 2000. They separated in February 2002.

In late 2001, Antonelli started dating the actor Murilo Benício. He was her co-star in O Clone. They married in 2002. Their son Pietro was born on May 24, 2005. Antonelli and Benício separated in 2005. Earlier, in 2004, during their first separation, she dated businessman Alexandre Accioly.

In 2005, Antonelli met the American entrepreneur Robert Locascio. On May 5, 2007, they married in Italy. The marriage lasted only four months.

In 2009, Antonelli broke up with businessman Arthur Fernandes after two years.

She began dating director Leonardo Nogueira. On October 8, 2010, gave birth to the twins Antônia and Sophia. She wants to have another child before reaching the age of 40.

References

Other websites 

1976 births
Living people
Brazilian actors
People from Rio de Janeiro
Mehmed Orhan  (11 July 1909  5/12 March 1994) was the 42nd head of the Ottoman dynasty. He succeeded as head of the dynasty on 9 December 1983, after the death of Ali Vâsib. If reigning, he would be Sultan Orhan VII.

Life
He was born at Serencebey Palace or at Kisil Toprak, Turkey. He was the son of HIH Prince Şehzade Mehmed Abdul Kadir Efendi, Captain of the Ottoman Army, by second wife HH Mihriban Hanımefendi. The marriage was not recognised by the Imperial House. On his 13 birthday he was ceremoniously circumcised in the Dolmabahce Palace.
He died in Nice and was buried there.

Marriages and issue 
In January 1933, Prince Mehmed Orhan married the Egyptian Princess HH Nafiye Yeghen Hanım Efendi. This marriage was annulled in 1947. In Paris in 1944, he got a Morganatic marriage with the French American Marguerite Irma Fournier. He had a daughter with his first wife and a stepson with his second wife. 

HIH Princess Fatma Necla Sultan (born in Cairo, 14 September 1933 - 2010 at Zurich)
Sultanzade Erol Mangos, (born 1954) by Ali Zeki Mangos
Sultanzade Osman Cem Germann, (born 1963) by Randoph Germann
Mehmed Selim Orhan, (born in Paris, 3. October 1943) deprived since birth of title HIH Şehzade

Eligibility note: A male person born to parents who are not married to each other at the time of birth is not included in the line of succession and passes no rights to their descendants.

Mehmed Selim Orhan de Turquie was born before his parents married in 1944. At the time of his birth, his stepfather was not divorced by his first wife.

Marcos Alberto Alcalai- born in Brazil in 1962 Mehemed Orhan's only biological child born of a relationship with a divorced woman, legitimized in Turkey in 1992 was not deprived of the title of HIH Şehzade

References

Genealogy of Mehmed Orhan
Frebault, Henri. "Mehmed Orhan de Turquie". GeneaNet. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
The History Files: The Ottoman Empire
 

1914 births
1994 deaths
Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
Turkish people
A car chase is when police follow a car to stop it and catch the person driving it. It is a popular theme in movies and on reality television.

Other websites
TV tropes

Movie industry
Crime
Elizabeth Ward Gracen (3 April 1961) is a former Miss America Pageant winner and American actress who acted in movies and television programs before 2000. She was crowned Miss America 1982, and Miss Arkansas before that. Her acts included acting as Amanda in the TV show Highlander: The Series. She was born near Ozark, Arkansas and graduated from  Russellville High School in 1979. 

Gracen played roles in other films such as 
 Three For The Road 
 Marked For Death
 Pass The Ammo
 83 Hours Till Dawn
 Lower Level 
 Discretion Assured  and others
 
She also appeared in  TV series such as
 Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
 The Sands of Time
 Death of the Incredible Hulk
 Extreme for NBC  
 Renegade
 Queen of Swords
 
Recently in  2012, Gracen formed Flapper Films; a company that produces inspirational content.

References

American television actors
Actors from Arkansas
1961 births
Living people
Miss America winners
Fremont is a city in Alameda County, California, near San Francisco in the East Bay area. It is on the edge of Silicon Valley. It has over 200,000 people, over 50% of whom are Asian-American.

Cities in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Settlements in Alameda County, California
Chevron Corporation () is a large international energy company, based in San Ramon, California. It employs over 60,000 people. It is one of the six largest oil companies in the world.

In September 1879, the Pacific Coast Oil Company was created. They kept the name until 1906, when it merged with a Standard Oil subsidiary and became Standard Oil Company (California). Standard Oil of California and Gulf Oil merged in 1984, which became the largest merger in history at that time. The company would change its name to Chevron Corporation the same year.

References

Other websites
Official site

1879 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in California
Companies based in California
The Symphony No. 41 in C major ("Jupiter"), K. 551 is a work for orchestra. It was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1788. It is his last symphony. Michael Rodman writes in the All Music Guide to Classical Music that the first movement is "characterized in part by the dramatic and effective employment of unexpected pauses in the rhythmic flow through the use of rests, [and that] irregular and changing phrase length contribute ... to the dramatic impetus." He writes that the serene F major second movement is disrupted by "minor key episodes ... [and that] this light/dark conflict continues throughout". He points out that the gracefulness of the Minuet can be attributed to the flowing, even accompaniment and the "falling chromatic theme". The trio has an "earthier, more overtly dancelike mood", he writes, but is "interrupted by a suddenly more serious" outburst from the full orchestra. The contrapuntal fourth movement is filled with "great tension and dramatic impulse" that is resolved only in the final bars.

References 
 Woodstra, Chris, et. al. 2005. All Music Guide to Classical Music.  All Media Guide, LLC. p. 895. .

Compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Mozart No 41
The Clarinet Concerto in A major, K. 622 is a work for clarinet and orchestra. It was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1791 for the clarinet expert Anton Stadler. Stadler first performed the concerto in Prague on 16 October 1791. Mozart probably never heard this performance.

References
 Woodstra, Chris, et al. 2005. All Music Guide to Classical Music. All Media Guide LLC. p. 895. .

Compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Concertos
The Concerto for Flute, Harp, and Orchestra in C major, K. 299 is a piece of music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It was written in 1778. It is one of only two true double concertos that Mozart wrote. It is the only piece of music that Mozart wrote for the harp.

History
Mozart was living in Paris at the time he wrote this concerto. He wrote it for the flute-playing Duke of  and his harp-playing daughter Marie.  Mozart never liked either instrument. The combination is a difficult one for duo. The work is pleasing and popular however. It is a favorite with harpists because there are so few concertos for harp. The Duke failed to pay Mozart for the concerto.

Music
The orchestra is a group of strings, two oboes, and two horns. This small group makes the work suitable for an assembly room. The concerto is made of three movements. The opening movement is song-like. According to the All Music Guide to Classical Music, this movement is distinguished by dialogue-like passages for the soloists. The second movement is "florid" with the soloists accompanied only by strings. The third movement "is a lively rondo with a veritable parade of attractive tunes."

Notes

References
 Woodstra, Chris, et al. 2005. All Music Guide to Classical Music.  All Media Guide, LLC. p. 895. .

Compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Concertos
Forward Kahuta () is a small city in the Haveli District of Azad Kashmir. Until recently it was part of Bagh District; it is now the administrative headquarters of Haveli District.

Tehsils of Azad Kashmir
Julia Hinds, better known as Julia Duffy (born June 27, 1951 in Saint Paul, Minnesota), is an American actress. She has acted in a number of television situation comedies. She played Penny Davis in the 1970s television soap opera The Doctors. She played Stephanie in the 1980s sitcom Newhart. She played Allison Sugarbaker in season 6 of Designing Women. 

Duffy was born near Minneapolis, Minnesota.

References 

American television actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from Minneapolis, Minnesota
1951 births
Living people
The  (, French Acrobatic Patrol), also called the Patrouille de France or PAF, is the aerobatics demonstration team of the French Air Force. They fly Franco-German Alpha Jet training airplanes. The PAF's aircraft are painted in three colours: blue, white, and red. These are the same colors as on the flag of France.

History 
The Patrouille de France was created in 1947. The name first appeared in print for a 1953 aerial show in French Algeria. At this time, the PAF flew American fighter jets, specifically F-84Gs. Later, the team flew Mystère IVs. In 1964, the Air Force did not have enough money in its budget to continue the Patrouille de France, and disbanded it. But the Minister of Defence decided to bring the team back in 1965 because he liked it. They then flew French training aircraft, Fouga CM-170 Magister. They kept flying Fouga CM-170 Magisters until 1980. Since then, the PAF have flown on an Alpha Jets.

Team 
Patrouille de France uses eight aircraft that all fly at the same time. A ninth reserve plane always stays on the ground, ready to take off.  The call sign of pilots is Athos like the character from the famous book The Three Musketeers. If all pilots have an important role, both the essential leader and his second, called Charognard (which is the French word for "scavenger") who present all the display.

A transport plane is always with the PAF for support. It is a twin-engine plane: Transall C.160 or Casa CN-235M.

Demonstrations 
Because they are seen as ambassadors of France, the PAF go on display all over the world. Patrouille de France often performs in military parade performed to celebrate Bastille Day.  They fly over the Champs-Élysées on the morning of July 14. The aircraft unleash a plume of smoke lights. PAF often fly at the Paris Air Show, which is held at Le Bourget airport.

Other websites 
 Official website.
 Patrouille de France on the official website of the French Air Force.

1947 establishments in Europe
French Air Force
1940s establishments in France