cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A bigot is a person who is intolerant of opinions, lifestyles, or identities that are different from their own. Mostly, the person's opinions are based on prejudice. For example, an outspoken member of a political party who blocks those with opposing views, would be a prime example of a ‘’bigot’’.

The origin of the word bigot in English dates back to at least 1598, via French. It started with the sense of "religious hypocrite", especially a woman.

The word bigot is often used as a pejorative term against a person who is obstinately devoted to negative prejudices, even when those prejudices are proven to be false.

Forms of bigotry may have a related ideology.

Etymology 
The exact origin of the word is unknown, but may have come from the German bei and gott, or the English by God. William Camden wrote that the Normans were first called bigots, when their Duke Rollo, who receiving Gisla, daughter of King Charles, in marriage, and with her the investiture of the dukedom, refused to kiss the king's foot in token of subjection, unless the king would hold it out for that purpose. And being urged to it by those present, Rollo answered hastily, "No by God", whereupon the king turning about, called him bigot; which name passed from him to his people. This is likely fictional, however, as Gisla is unknown in Frankish sources.

Related pages 

 Anti-Semitism
 Discrimination
 Fascism
 Homophobia
 Misogyny
Misandry
 Nazism  
 Racism
 Religious persecution
 Sexism
 Xenophobia

References
Word Histories And Mysteries: From Abracadabra to Zeus. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2004. . p 24.
Ayto, John.  Dictionary of Word Origins: The Histories of More Than 8,000 English-Language Words. New York: Arcade Publishing. 1990.

Other websites
 Etymology of the word bigot

Sociology
Bukkake is when multiple people ejaculate with their penises on a person's face or body at the same time. It comes from the Japanese verb bukkakeru which means "to flood".

Human sexuality
The Detroit Tigers are a Major League Baseball team in Detroit, Michigan. The team plays at Comerica Park. Their manager is Ron Gardenhire, and they are owned by Christopher Ilitch.

The Tigers began as a minor league baseball team in the 1890s. The league was reorganized as the American League, and became a major league in 1901. The Tigers were one of the first teams to have an "official" nickname. They obtained permission from a military group called the Detroit Light Guard, which was known as the "Tigers". That group had fought in the Civil War and the Spanish-American War.

The Tigers have often lived up to their nickname, having great success from time to time. Their most famous player was Ty Cobb, usually regarded as among the very greatest players of all time. The Tigers have frequently played in baseball's post-season games. They have won several World Series, in 1935, 1945, 1968 and 1984. They also played in the World Series in 2006 and 2012, where the lost to the St. Louis Cardinals and the San Francisco Giants, respectively.
An oscilloscope (sometimes abbreviated CRO, for cathode ray oscilloscope, or commonly just scope or O-scope) is a piece of electronic equipment that lets you see changes in signal voltage. For example, if you want to see the signal a small electronic timer was producing, you could connect it to an oscilloscope and see.  

Usually, it shows a two-dimensional graph of one or more electrical potential differences (vertical axis). These graphs are plotted with time or of some other voltage along horizontal axis.

Description 

A typical oscilloscope is usually box shaped with a display screen, numerous input connectors, control knobs and buttons on the front panel.  
To aid measurement, a grid called the graticule is drawn on the face of the screen.  Each square in the graticule is known as a division.

Other websites 

 Oscillograph 1911 Encyclopædia.
 Online oscilloscope simulation
 Oscilloscope Tutorial 
 The Cathode Ray Tube site
 Digital Storage Oscilloscope measurement basics
 Oscilloscope FAQ
 Oscilloscope Articles & Resources
 Using a Common Oscilloscope 
 Features of handheld Oscilloscope
 Quick and easy tutorial to learn concepts and use. Technical terms explained in clear and simple way.

Laboratory equipment
Electronics
Measuring tools
Machines
Arthur Abraham (born Avetik Abrahamyan on 20 February 1980 in Yerevan, Armenia) is a professional boxer.  He was the IBF middleweight champion from 2005 to 2009.  He won the vacant title on December 10, 2005, in Leipzig, Germany, beating Kingsley Ikeke, by a fifth-round knockout.

Arthur changed his weight class to compete at super middleweight.

Abraham trains under Ulli Wegner in Berlin, Germany and is managed by Wilfried Sauerland.

Titles in boxing

Amateur career 
International:
1997 International Light Welterweight German Champion
2000, 2001 and 2002 Senior Light Middleweight Armenian Champion

Professional career 
Major World Titles:
IBF Middleweight Champion (160 lbs)

Regional/International Titles:
WBA Inter-Continental Middleweight Champion (160 lbs)
WBF Intercontinental Middleweight Champion (160 lbs)
WBO European Super Middleweight Champion (168 lbs)

References

Other websites 
Official Website 
Boxing record
Arthur Abraham's Myspace Page
Arthur Abraham's career record 

Armenian boxers
People from Yerevan
Living people
1980 births
The International Boxing Federation, or IBF, is one of many organizations which sanction world championship boxing bouts, alongside the WBA, WBC, WBO, and a dozen or so others.

Other websites 
 Official Site

Sports organizations
organizations
The early religions in Armenia are not that well known. According to De Morgan there are signs which indicate that the Armenians, as their other Aryan relatives, were initially nature worshipers and that this faith in time was transformed to the worship of national gods, of which many were the equivalents of the gods in the Roman, Greek and Persian cultures.

Georg Brandes described the Armenian gods in his book: “When Armenia accepted Christianity, it was not only the temples which were destroyed, but also the songs and poems about the old gods and heroes that the people sang. We have only rare segments of these songs and poems, segments which bear witness of a great spiritual wealth and the power of creation of this people and these alone are sufficient reason enough for recreating the temples of the old Armenian gods. These gods were neither the Asian heavenly demons nor the precious and the delicate Greek gods, but something that reflected the characteristics of the Armenian people which they have been polishing through the ages, namely ambitious, wise and good-hearted.”

Related pages
Ancient Armenia

References 

Paganism
Armenian culture
Ancient Armenia
Steak is a slice off a larger piece of meat, usually beef. In North America, steaks are usually grilled. They are also often pan fried or baked. The most tender (softest) cuts of the animal are usually used for steak. This also means that steaks have a high price. The pieces of meat used for steaks are usually cut across the muscle fiber, not along it. This makes them look more tender.

A restaurant that mainly makes steaks is known as a steakhouse. A well-known side dish to steak is prawns or a cooked lobster tail. This combination is often called surf and turf or reef and beef (the words "surf" and "reef" refer to the seafood and "turf" and "beef" refer to the steak). Special steak knives are used to cut steak. A steak knife is sharper than most table knives and is usually serrated.

Fish is not the only side dish for steak. Other common side dishes are baked potatoes, dinner rolls, salad, and corn on the cob. In France, steaks are often served with french fries. This combination is known as steak fries or steak-frites. They do not come with vegetables, but sometimes a salad is served with them.

Seasoning 
Steaks are seasoned with salt and black pepper. Some additional seasonings are garlic, rosemary, and other herbs and spices. Marinades are also an option depending on the cut. Butter can also be used for basting steaks for a milky flavor. Often, steaks are served with a special sauce called "steak sauce", but sometimes steaks are served with a spicy sauce called horseradish.

Cuts of steak 
Steak comes in a wide variety of cuts, which come from different parts of the cow.
Some different cuts are:
 Filet Mignon
 Strip steak
 Rib eye
 Flank steak
 Sirloin
 Chuck
 Skirt steak
 Flap steak

Degrees of cooking 
Meat that is cooked less will appear to be more tender and soft. The usual degrees of cooking for steaks (and some other meats) are:
 Raw/Uncooked - for example in tartare.
 Rare - cooked very quickly, mostly red inside.
 Medium Rare - cooked quickly, mostly pink inside with some red. 
 Medium - moderately cooked, mostly pink inside, but no red.
 Medium-Well - Mostly cooked, with some pink remaining inside.
 Well-done- thoroughly cooked. No pink remains inside, may be blackened on the outside.

References

Meat dishes
NBC News is the news division of American television network NBC. NBC News makes MSNBC channel, Today Show and news programmes.

Current shows 
Today
Weekend Today
Meet the Press with Chuck Todd 
NBC Nightly News with Lester Holt
Dateline NBC

Programming

 Meet the Press (1947–present)
 Today (1952–present)
 Today 3rd Hour (2018–present)
 NBC Nightly News (1970–present)
 Weekend Today (1987–present)
 Dateline NBC (1992–present)
 Early Today (1999–present)
 Today with Hoda & Jenna (2019–present)
 Sunday Today with Willie Geist (2016–present)

Former programming
 Weekend (1974–79)
 Ask NBC News (197?-1983)
 NBC News Overnight (1982–83)
 NBC News at Sunrise (1983–99)
 Real Life with Jane Pauley (1990–91)
 Expose with Tom Brokaw (1991)
 NBC Nightside (1991–98)
 Now with Tom Brokaw and Katie Couric (1993–94)
NBC News At This Hour (1975–1990s; previously branded as NBC News Update, NBC News Capsule and NBC News Digest)
 Later Today (1999–2000)
 Today with Kathie Lee and Hoda (2008–2019)
 Rock Center with Brian Williams (2011–13)
 Today's Take (2012–2017)

References

Other websites 
 NBC News website

NBC
NBC network shows
CBS News is the news division of American television network CBS.

Current television shows
CBS Morning News
CBS News Sunday Morning
Face the Nation with Margaret Breenan
CBS Evening News with Katie Couric
CBS Evening News with Norah O’ Donnell
CBS Evening News with Russ Mitchell
60 Minutes
48 Hours Mystery
Up to the Minute

Anchors

Other websites 
 CBS News website

Columbia Broadcasting System
The NFL Europa was a European American football league that ran from 1991 to 2007 under the control of the National Football League. It started off as the World League of American Football and had 3 teams in Europe, 6 in the USA and one in Canada. After 2 years the league was put on hold, so there were no 1993 or 1994 seasons. The league came back in 1995 with the 3 original European teams plus 3 new ones. In 1998 the name of the league was changed to NFL Europe and then in 2007 it became NFL Europa. After the 2007 season it was decided to stop the league. This was a developmental league of the NFL.  The |Berlin Thunder were the leagues best team, winning 42 games and 3 World Bowls

Past World Bowl Games 

Note: Roman Numerals were not officially used by NFL Europa until World Bowl IX. Prior to 2001, the games were billed as World Bowl 2000, World Bowl '99 etc.

National Football League
The Ennead was the grouping of nine deities, most often appearing in Egyptian mythology. As a three of threes, the number nine became associated with great power. The ancient peoples thought that groupings of nine gods were very important.

Egyptian mythology

ca:Llista de personatges de la mitologia egípcia#E
Heliopolis was one of the oldest cities of Egypt. Its name also refers (in European languages) to a modern suburb of Cairo. The ancient city stood five miles east of the Nile north of the apex of the river delta. The modern city of Heliopolis is in a different place. In ancient times it was the main city of sun-worship.

This was also where the Heliopolitan version of Egyptian mythology was created. 

Ancient Egypt
Akhenaten (first known as Amenhotep IV) was a pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. His reign is dated as 1353–1336 BC or 1351–1334 BC.

Akhenaten is one of Egypt's most well-known pharaohs.
In the fifth year of his reign, he changed his name from Amenhotep IV, meaning "Amun is satisfied". He did this because he left Egypt's traditional polytheism. He founded a monotheistic worship of the Egyptian sun god, Aten. He destroyed the temples of Amun. His new religion was called Atenism. It was the first known attempt at monotheism in the world. Naturally, this made enemies of the many priests of the old religion. 

This culture shift away from traditional religion was not widely accepted. This helps to explain why after his death, his monuments were dismantled, his statues were destroyed, and his name excluded from lists of rulers compiled by later pharaohs. Traditional religious practice was gradually restored, notably under his close successor Tutankhamun, who changed his name from Tutankhaten early in his reign. However, it was Horemheb who destroyed all the works of Akhenaten.

Akhenaten was all but lost to history until the late 19th century discovery of Amarna, the new capital city he built for the worship of Aten. 
Its rediscovery and Flinders Petrie's early excavations sparked great public interest in the pharaoh and his queen Nefertiti. The interest comes from his connection with Tutankhamun, the unique style and high quality of the pictorial arts he patronized, and interest in the religion he attempted to establish.

References 

Pharaohs
Religious leaders
A tipi (also called tepee or teepee) is a kind of tent. It is cone-shaped. They were made by Native Americans of the Great Plains who frequently moved from place to place, following buffalo or other animals Native Americans hunted.

Tepees are made from long poles, and are covered with material. Long ago the material was animal skin or tree bark. Today, they are made from cloth.

Tepees were put up in as a circle, which symbolized the life.

Tepees are no longer usually used for a full-time home, but they are still used for special occasions.

Tepees were used by the Lakota.

The Plains Indians would sometimes paint and mark their tepees, and put signs to mark off evil.

They usually made the cover from buffalo skin (tanned hide).

Tipis had a flap that could be open and closed as necessary during the summer and winter months

They generally had an 'ears' flap.

The doorway would face towards the rising sun.

Tipis would contain paintings.

Other websites

Native American
Walid Eido (in Arabic: وليد عيدو) (Beirut, 1942 - Beirut, June 13, 2007) was a Lebanese man who worked for the Lebanese Parliament, a government building in Beirut. He died with his son on June 13, 2007, with eight other people, when a bomb blew up just outside a famous amusement park. This was at the waterside of north Beirut.

His early life
Walid Eido was Sunni Muslim. He was born in the Bachoura area of Beirut. He finished his studies at the Lebanese University in 1966. In the late 1990s, he worked for the Lebanese law of north Lebanon, but, in the year 2000, he quit to go into political life with Mr. Rafic Hariri and to be in the Lebanese parliament. Later on, he worked for the Lebanese Parliament. He used to belong to Al-Murabitun militant group at the time of the Lebanese civil war, he left the Murabitun when this group starts to expand and take bad members in.

Personal life
Eido was married with three sons named Khaled, Zaher and Mazen. Eido was a good swimmer and the bomb exploded outside his favorite Beirut beach resort, Sporting Club.

1942 births
2007 deaths
Assassinated people
Lebanese Muslims
Lebanese politicians
People from Beirut
is a prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan on the island of Honshū. The capital is Toyama.

History 
The area of Toyama Prefecture comes from Etchū Province. 

The Itai-itai disease, whose origin is from polluted water with cadmium, occurred in Toyama around 1950.

Geography 
Toyama Prefecture is bordered by Ishikawa Prefecture to the west, Niigata Prefecture to the northeast, Nagano Prefecture to the southeast, Gifu Prefecture to the south and the Sea of Japan to the north.

The most famous mountain in Toyama is Mount Tate.

Toyama is known for its great mountains and rich fishery. ,  and mass product of tulip industry are also famous. 

Toyama is an industrial prefecture because companies like YKK and Sankyo Aluminum have been able to take advantage of cheap hydro-electricity generated by rivers flowing from its high mountains.

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 30% of the total land area of the prefecture, including
 Chūbu-Sangaku National Park

Shrines and Temples
Takase taisha, Keta jinja, and Oyama jinja are the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Kataller Toyama

References

Other websites 

 Toyama Prefecture website
Fouad Siniora (in Arabic: فؤاد السنيورة, Fu'ād As-Sanyūrah) was the Prime Minister of Lebanon. He served as Prime Minister since July 19, 2005, after Najib Mikati left office. His term ended on November 9, 2009. He was succeed by Saad Hariri. He was also acting President from November 2007 to May 2008.

His early life
Fouad Siniora is a Sunni Muslim, who was born in Sidon in 1943. He finished his studies at the American University of Beirut. Then, he worked for Citibank, and in the 1970s, he became a teacher at the American University of Beirut. Later, he worked for the Central Bank. In 1982, he started to work for the late Prime Minister, Rafik Hariri. He became part of Hariri's business. Siniora was Minister of Finance in Lebanon after the civil war ended.

1943 births
Living people
Lebanese Muslims
Government ministers
Presidents of Lebanon
Prime Ministers of Lebanon
Hassan Nasrallah (in ; born 30 August 1960) is the leader of the Islamist party in Lebanon called Hezbollah. He is also a Shi'a Muslim cleric. Some countries, like the United States and Britain, consider him to be a terrorist due to his attacks on Israel.

His early life
Hassan Nasrallah was born in Bourj Hammoud, east Beirut. He was among ten children in his family. He went to Al Najah school, and then a public school in Sin el-Fil, Beirut. The civil war in 1975 caused his family to move to their old home in Bassouriyeh. There, he finished his secondary education at the public school in Tyre. He then joined the Amal Movement, a militant group that represents the Shi'a Muslims in Lebanon.

References

1960 births
Living people
Lebanese Muslims
Lebanese nationalists
Lebanese politicians
Lebanese terrorists
Muslim terrorists
Sidon, or Saida (, Saydā; , , Zaydo'wn), is the third biggest city in Lebanon. It is in the southern part of Lebanon at the waterside of the Mediterranean Sea. The name "Sidon" means a fishery.

History 
Sidon was one of the most important cities of Phoenicia. From here, a great trading empire of the Mediterranean area was made. It was known for people who were good in making glass and purple cloth dyes. Glass making was a very important business in Sidon during in Phoenician times. People also made purple cloth dye.

Cities in Lebanon
Phoenicia
Parallel could mean:

 Parallel (geometry), as in "parallel lines"
 Circle of latitude, an imaginary east-west line circling a globe, e.g. the 38th parallel
 Parallelism (grammar), a balance of two or more similar words, phrases, or clauses
 Parallel study, a type of clinical study
 Parallel circuits, as opposed to series 
 Parallel import, also known as a "grey market product"
 Parallel transport, in mathematics using vectors and smooth curves

In music:
 Parallel key, the minor (or major) key of a major (or minor) key with the same tonic
 Harmonic parallelism, also known as "harmonic planing" or "parallel voice leading"
 Parallel fifths, also known as "consecutive fifths", involve the concurrence of successive intervals of a perfect fifth between two voices in parallel motion -- a harmonization generally forbidden in modern musical theory

Other:
 Parallel (manga) (ぱられる) is a shōnen manga by Toshihiko Kobayashi
 Parallel 9, A British children's television show

Related pages
 Parallel computing
 Parallel evolution
 Parallel universe
 Parallel port

Basic English 850 words
Oak Park, Illinois is a suburb of Chicago. It is west of the city in the same county. About 52,000 people live there.  

Ernest Hemingway was born there. Betty White was born there too.  Frank Lloyd Wright lived and worked there for a while.  Some of his most famous houses and buildings were built there.

Cities in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Ringgold Wilmer Lardner (March 6, 1885 – September 25, 1933) was an American sports columnist and short story writer best known for his satirical takes on the sports world, marriage, and the theatre.

Lardner was born in Niles, Michigan. He died of tuberculosis in East Hampton, New York.

His son Ring Lardner Jr was a screenwriter who was banned from Hollywood in the 1950s for his Communist beliefs. He later won an Academy Award for writing the film MASH.

American columnists
Deaths from tuberculosis
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
Writers from Michigan
1885 births
1933 deaths
Björk was born Björk Guðmundsdóttir on 21 November 1965 in Reykjavík, Iceland. She is an Icelandic singer, songwriter, composer, actress, record producer and DJ.

Her career started with singing Tina Charles' 1976 hit song "I Love to Love" in a school recital, and a recording of her singing the song was sent to the RÚV radio station. The recording was nationally broadcast, after that, Björk was offered a recording contract. Her self-titled début album, Björk, was recorded and released in Iceland in December 1977. Before embarking on a solo career in 1993, Björk was the lead singer of alternative rock band The Sugarcubes, which is called as "Iceland's biggest rock band". Since then, she has received consistent critical praise for her innovative vocal and compositional approaches, musical experimentation, and art direction, and is recognized as one of the best singer-songwriters of her generation. Her albums reached the top 20 in the Billboard 200 chart.

Björk has won five BRIT Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, one MOJO Award, three UK Music Video Awards, 21 Icelandic Music Awards and, in 2010, the Polar Music Prize from the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in recognition of her "deeply personal music and lyrics, her precise arrangements and her unique voice". She has also been nominated for 14 Grammy Awards, one Academy Award, and two Golden Globe Awards. She was included in Time Magazine's list of the 100 most influential people in the world. She won the Best Actress Award at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival for her performance in the movie Dancer in the Dark.

She has a son and a daughter, Sindri and Isadòra. She lives in New York City, but also owns a home in Reykjavík.

Björk was in the 2013 television documentary When Björk Met Attenborough with Sir David Attenborough.

Discography (albums by Björk) 
 Björk (1977) - Her first album, most songs are a mixture of covers translated into Icelandic.
 Gling-Gló (1990) - A jazz album where she sings mostly in Icelandic. The only album that was made by Björk Guðmundsdóttir & tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar.
 Debut (1993)
 Post (1995)
 Telegram (1996) - Remixes from Post.
 Homogenic (1997)
 Selmasongs (2000) - Soundtrack album of Lars von Trier's Dancer in the Dark.
 Vespertine (2001)
 Greatest Hits (2002) - Collection of the best tracks of Björk chosen by audience.
 Family Tree (2002) - Mini compact disc boxset of rare and unreleased works.
 Live Box (2003) - Collection of music from each album's live shows.
 Medúlla (2004)
 Drawing Restraint 9 (2005) - Music from her movie with her former husband Matthew Barney, Drawing Restraint 9.
 Surrounded (2006) - Dual Disc boxset of most of her old music, remastered in Surround Sound.
 Volta (2007)
 Biophilia (2011)
 Bastards (2012) - Remixes from Biophilia.
 Vulnicura (2015)
 Vulnicura Strings (2015) - Acoustic, instrumental version of Vulnicura.
 Vulnicura Live (2016) - Live concert version of Vulnicura.
 Utopia (2017)

References

Other websites 

 

 
Brit Award winners
Icelandic movie actors
Rock musicians
Singers
Songwriters
1965 births
Living people
People from Reykjavík
Trip hop musicians
The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), originally called the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association of America, is a non-profit group based in the United States. Its members are the "big six" major Hollywood studios: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures (The Walt Disney Company), Sony Pictures (Sony), Paramount Pictures (Viacom -- which bought DreamWorks in February 2006), Universal Studios (Comcast), and Warner Bros. (WarnerMedia). It also represents Netflix streaming platform movies. The organization produces the well-known voluntary film rating system. On January 22, 2019, Netflix became the first streaming service to become a member of the MPAA.

References

Other websites

Movie organizations
Non-profit organizations of the United States
1922 establishments in the United States
51st state refers to a place or territory that is not one of the 50 states of the United States, but people think about making it the 51st state. It is sometimes a joke term in American politics, and sometimes a realistic one. It is usually said about the possibility of Puerto Rico or other U.S. territories becoming part of the United States. When used to refer to other countries, it is a joke, usually about Canada. There have been attempts by people in the United States to get Canada to join them (like in the Articles of Confederation), but Canada has never accepted these offers. It is also sometimes used to refer to countries that seem to be controlled by the United States. Before the year 1959 when Alaska and Hawaii became states, the sentence "the 49th state" was used.

Places in the United States that are not states right now, but might become the 51st state include the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the US Virgin Islands, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands. Besides admitting a new state, another type of proposal has been to form a 51st (or even 52nd) state by dividing a current state, such as the most-populous state (and third-largest state, geographically) of California into two or even three states, or Texas (the second-most populous) into four or five states.

Some regions of the U.S. that include land that is now in two different states and might become a new state include the "State of Jefferson" (Northmost California plus the southern counties of Oregon) and the "State of Lincoln" (Eastmost Washington State plus the northern panhandle of Idaho. A move has also been proposed to separate the westmost one-fourth of Nebraska from that state, but to add that to Wyoming (the least-populous state), rather than to create an entirely new state. This region is actually much closer to Cheyenne, Wyoming, the capital city, than it is to its current capital of Lincoln, Nebraska. 

In 2012 and more recently in 2017, the people of Puerto Rico voted strongly in favor of becoming the 51st state, but the approval of the United States Congress is also needed.

Guyana has also seen political movements favoring and advocating for it to become an American associated territory with eventual statehood as its goal.

Several Canadian Provinces as well as the whole of Canada have had political parties and movements advocating American statehood making their North American location a natural candidate and ideal prospect.

References

States of the United States
The , in the past known as , is part of the Japanese football club system.

J1 League is the top grouping of the .

It is one of the three major titles in Japan, along with J. League Cup and Emperor's Cup.

The second tier is represented by the J2 League.

Club guide

There are 18 Division 1 (J1) teams.

The list of clubs in the league has changed over time.  In 2016, the J1 teams are:

 Albirex Niigata
 Avispa Fukuoka
 Gamba Osaka
 F.C. Tokyo
 Júbilo Iwata
 Kashima Antlers
 Kashiwa Reysol
 Kawasaki Frontale
 Nagoya Grampus

 Omiya Ardija
 Sagan Tosu
 Sanfrecce Hiroshima
 Shonan Bellmare
 Urawa Red Diamonds
 Vegalta Sendai
 Ventforet Kofu
 Vissel Kobe
 Yokohama F. Marinos

Champions

Split-season era (2015–present)

League Format
As of the 2015 season, and continuing through at least the 2019 season, the league uses a multi-stage format.

The regular season is split into two stages. In each stage, each team plays one match against every other team. As in almost all association football leagues worldwide, teams receive 3 points in the standings for a win, 1 point for a draw, and none for a loss, and teams are ranked by points earned.

After the second stage of the regular season, an overall table is calculated. The champions of each stage of the regular season, plus any team finishing in the top three of the overall table, advance to a championship playoff. The team that finishes on top of the overall table receives a place in the championship final, while the other teams play off for the other spot in the final.

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 J2 League
 Japan Football League
 Japanese Regional Leagues
 List of J. League players

References

Other websites
  J-League at NHK.or.jp 

Football leagues
Football in Japan
1993 establishments in Asia
1990s establishments in Japan
This article is about a late 19th-century revolution. For a late 20th-century event, also called "Philippine Revolution", see EDSA Revolution of 1986 revolution of the philippine.

The Philippine Revolution (1896–1898) was an armed conflict between the Spanish colonial regime and the Katipunan. The goal of the revolution was for the Philippines to gain independence from Spain.

History of the Philippines
Wars of independence
Rebellions in Asia
19th century rebellions
Victoria (sometimes called Port Victoria) is the capital city of the Republic of Seychelles. It is on the north-eastern side of Mahé island, which the main island of the archipelago.  The city was first created as the capital of the British colonial government. Victoria has a population of 24,970 people (2002). About one third of the population of the Seychelles lives in the city. Victoria is served by the Seychelles International Airport

The main exports of Victoria are vanilla, coconuts, coconut oil, corn, tortoise shell, soap, and guano. The harbour is a short distance east of the town. Tuna fishing and canning are a major local industry.

Things to see 

Things to see in the city include a clocktower built similar to Little Ben in London, England. It is a small version of Big Ben. Other things include the Courthouse, the Victoria Botanical Gardens, the Victoria National Museum of History, the Victoria Natural History Museum and the Sir Selwyn Selwyn-Clarke Market.

Seychelles
Capital cities in Africa
Auckland Grammar School is a public school in Auckland New Zealand. It teaches boys from age thirteen to eighteen. The school also has some places near the school where students who come from distant places can live. It is one of the biggest schools in New Zealand. The school has more than two thousand students. The School's motto is "Per Angusta Ad Augusta". It means "Through difficulties to greatness".  This motto is most often reiterated within the school. The current Headmaster is Tim O'Connor.

History 
Auckland Grammar School was first set up in 1868 by Sir George Grey. He was the governor of New Zealand from 1861-1868. During that time, the new European settlers were fighting with the Māori people over land rights issues. The Governor of New Zealand asked for military help from the British Empire. Britain sent up to one million soldiers to New Zealand to end the problems. Many of the soldiers settled with their families in Auckland. Sir George Grey decided to create Auckland Grammar School to give a very good education to the soldiers' sons.

Tibbs House 
Tibbs House was opened in 1962 with 46 boys to provide an opportunity for boys outside of the greater Auckland area to attend Auckland Grammar School.

It was named after the fourth Headmaster of Auckland Grammar School, Mr J W Tibbs MA, CMG, who was Headmaster from 1893 to 1922. A statue of Mr Tibbs can be found at the entrance to Old Tibbs House.

Rules 
People of all classes or racial background who live in New Zealand are all the same when it comes to being allowed to go to the school. The school believes it is very important to teach many different languages and, in particular, 'the instructing in Latin.' The school tries to get all of the students to do very well in all educational areas, for example, Academic, Sporting and Cultural fields. The school does however show some disregard for national educational standards.

Famous former students 
 Sir Edmund Hillary (The first person to climb Mount Everest)
 Russell Crowe 
 Cyrill Basset (Won the Victoria's Cross during World War I)
 Hon Sir Leslie Munro former President of the General Assembly of the United Nations

Other websites 
 Official school website

Auckland
Schools in New Zealand
1868 establishments
1860s establishments in New Zealand
Rose Tattoo is a hard rock band from Sydney, Australia. The band was formed in 1976. The band is led by singer Angry Anderson. Among their best known songs are "We Can't Be Beaten", "Scarred for Life", "Rock 'n' Roll Outlaw" and "Bad Boy for Love". Their first 4 albums were produced by Harry Vanda and George Young who also worked with AC/DC. 

Other bands have played Rose Tattoo songs including Guns N' Roses (Nice Boys), L.A. Guns (Rock'N'Roll Outlaw), Nashville Pussy (Rock'N'Roll Outlaw and Nice Boys), Brass Tacks (Nice Boys), Public Toys (Nice Boys), Lower Class Brats (We Can't Be Beaten) and Canadian punk rock band Youth Youth Youth (We can't be beaten).

Members 
 Angry Anderson - singer
 Mick Cocks - guitar
 Peter Wells - slide guitar
 Ian Rilen - bass guitar
 Dallas Royal - drums

Discography
Rose Tattoo – (1978, Albert Productions)
Scarred For Life (Unreleased Album) (1980, Albert)
Assault & Battery – (1981, Albert)
Scarred for Life – (1982, Albert)
Southern Stars – (1982, Albert)
Beats from a Single Drum – (1986, Mushroom Records)
Pain – (2002, SPV)
Blood Brothers – (2007)

Other websides 
 www.rosetattoo.com.au

1970s Australian music groups
1980s Australian music groups
1990s Australian music groups
2000s Australian music groups
2010s Australian music groups
Australian hard rock bands
Musical groups established in 1976
Musical groups from Sydney
Patriots' Day (sometimes spelled Patriot's Day or Patriots Day) is a legal holiday in Massachusetts. The holiday remembers the American men and women who fought during the Revolutionary War.

In the past, Patriots' Day was on April 19.  This was done in honor of Lexington and Concord.  These were the first battles of the American Revolutionary War that were fought on that date in 1775.  Since 1969, however, the holiday has been on the third Monday in April.

The Boston Marathon is run on this day every year. The Boston Marathon bombings happened on this day in 2013. The Boston Red Sox have played a home game at Fenway Park on this day every year since 1960.

Holidays
Massachusetts
Sofia is the capital and the largest city of Republic of Bulgaria. It has 1.3 million people. It is the 15th largest city of the European Union. Sofia is in the west of Bulgaria. It has a humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

Sofia is one of the oldest capital cities in Europe; the history of Sofia dates back to the 8th century BC. 

Many of the major universities, cultural institutions, and businesses of Bulgaria are concentrated in Sofia.

References

Other websites 
 Sofia complete accommodation guide 

 
Provinces of Bulgaria
The Maghen Abraham Synagogue is the oldest synagogue in Beirut, the capital of Lebanon.

History 
This synagogue was very important to Jewish Lebanese in the early twentieth century. It was built in 1925. It was then named after the son of Abraham Sason. It was used as a place to stay for illegal travelers. Some of the people who traveled without legal papers stayed in the synagogue while going to Palestine. Today, it is now called Israel.

In 1976, a year after the civil war began, Joseph Farhi took the Torah scrolls from the synagogue to Geneva. Most of them were sent to Sephardic synagogues in Israel.

Israel attacked its enemies in Lebanon. This brought anger by other people towards Lebanese Jews. Lebanese Jews became targets to Islamic militant groups since 1984. But even during the fighting, Yasser Arafat's PLO forces and the Christian Phalangists did protect Wadi Abu Jamil during the 1982 Lebanon War. But, the presence of Palestine Liberation Organization forces in the area brought Israeli attacks that damaged the synagogue itself.

The late former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri wanted to rebuild the synagoge, but that never happened. The Talmudic school next to it was broken down. This was to keep view of the beach nearby.

Related pages
 Deir el Qamar Synagogue (Mount Lebanon)
 Beth Elamen Cemetery
 History of the Jews in Lebanon
 Wadi Abu Jamil

Notes and references

Sources
 Karam, Dima (October 2003), Beirut Synagogue is a Reminder of a Departed People , Daily Star. 
 Hendler, Sefi (August 19 2006), Beirut’s last Jews, Ynetnews.

Synagogues
Beirut
Buildings and structures in Lebanon
1925 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in Lebanon
Georg Franz Danzer (born October 7, 1946 in Vienna, died June 21, 2007, in Asperhofen) was an Austrian musician. He wrote and sang many songs. Many people think of him as the father of Austropop. This is because he usually sang his songs in the local dialect. He died of lung cancer at age 60.

Austrian musicians
Songwriters
1946 births
2007 deaths
Bentheuphausia amblyops is a species of krill. Krill are small shrimp-like crustaceans living in the ocean.

B. amblyops is the only species within its genus, which in turn is the only genus within the family Bentheuphausiidae. All the 85 other species of krill known are classified in the family Euphausiidae.

B. amblyops can be found in the northern Atlantic Ocean. It occurs in latitudes south of 40° N, and also in the southern seas of the Atlantic, in the Indian Ocean and in the Pacific. It is a bathypelagic krill that lives in deep waters below 1,000 m. It is distinguished from the Euphausiidae by several morphological features. The features most easily used to tell it apart are  that the animals  are not bioluminescent and that their first pair of pleopods is not modified as copulatory tool organs. Also, their eyes are smaller than those of the Euphausiidae. Adults reach a length of 4 to 5 cm.

References 
Taxonomy of Bentheuphausia amblyops from ITIS.
 Distribution data set of Bentheuphausia ambylops from OBIS.
 Australian Faunal Directory entry for Bentheuphausia amblyops.
Mauchline, J.: Euphausiacea: Adults , Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 1971.
Sars, G. O.: Bentheuphausia amblyops, in Rep. scient. Results Voyage H.M.S. Challenger 1873-76, 13(3), 1885.

Krill
The Malacostraca (Greek: "soft shell") are the largest subgroup of crustaceans. They include decapods (such as crabs,  lobsters and shrimp), stomatopods (mantis shrimp) and krill. There are 22,000 members in this group. It represents two thirds of all crustacean species. The first malacostracans appeared in the Cambrian period.

The classification of crustaceans is currently being debated. Some think Malacostraca is a class and others think it is a subclass.

Morphology 

Malacostraca have heads with six segments. They have a pair of antennules and a pair of antennae. They also have mouthparts. There are appendages near the mouthparts, called maxillipeds. They have five pairs of walking legs. The first pair is formed like a pincer. There are eight thoracic segments. There are six abdominal segments. They are used for swimming. Members of Malacostraca have compound stalked or sessile eyes. They have a two-chambered stomach and a centralized nervous system.

Classification 

Class Malacostraca Latreille, 1802 
 Subclass Phyllocarida Packard, 1879 
 †Order Archaeostraca
 †Order Hoplostraca
 †Order Canadaspidida
 Order Leptostraca Claus, 1880 
 Subclass Hoplocarida Calman, 1904 
 Order Stomatopoda Latreille, 1817 (mantis shrimp)
 Subclass Eumalacostraca Grobben, 1892 
 Superorder Syncarida Packard, 1885 
 †Order Palaeocaridacea
 Order Bathynellacea Chappuis, 1915 
 Order Anaspidacea Calman, 1904
 Superorder Peracarida Calman, 1904
 Order Spelaeogriphacea Gordon, 1957 
 Order Thermosbaenacea Monod, 1927 
 Order Lophogastrida Sars, 1870 
 Order Mysida Haworth, 1825 
 Order Mictacea Bowman, Garner, Hessler, Iliffe & Sanders, 1985 
 Order Amphipoda Latreille, 1816 
 Order Isopoda Latreille, 1817 (woodlice, slaters)
 Order Tanaidacea Dana, 1849 
 Order Cumacea Krøyer, 1846 
 Superorder Eucarida Calman, 1904
 Order Euphausiacea Dana, 1852 
 Order Amphionidacea Williamson, 1973 
 Order Decapoda Latreille, 1802 (crabs, lobsters, shrimp)
Decapoda is an order of crustaceans in the class Malacostraca. Many familiar groups, such as crayfish, crabs, lobsters, prawns and shrimp are in this order. Many decapods are scavengers - they eat dead plants and animals. Crabs are mixed feeders, taking algae and  shellfish such as molluscs. Lobsters eat mostly live prey.

Anatomy
As their name suggests, all decapods have ten appendages. 

The last five pairs of appendages on the front half of the body, the cephalothorax, are used for walking. 

In many decapods, the front pair of appendages carry large pinching claws. The claws are called chelae, so these appendages may be called chelipeds.

The front three pairs of appendages on the thorax are used as jaws, and called maxillipeds.

On the abdomen are swimming appendages called pleopods, and the body ends in a tail fan.

Classification
Classification of the order Decapoda depends on the structure of the gills and legs, and the way in which the larvae develop. There are two suborders: Dendrobranchiata and Pleocyemata. Prawns (including many so-called "shrimp", such as the Atlantic white shrimp) make up the Dendrobranchiata. The other groups, including true shrimp, are the Pleocyemata.

The following classification  follows Martin and Davis, with some changes based on more recent structural and molecular studies.x

Order Decapoda Latreille, 1802  (Selection, not everything is listed)
 Suborder Dendrobranchiata Bate, 1888  prawns

 Suborder Pleocyemata Burkenroad, 1963

 Infraorder Caridea Dana, 1852  true shrimp

 Infraorder Achelata Scholtz & Richter, 1995  spiny lobsters, slipper lobsters, and furry lobsters
 Infraorder Astacidea Latreille, 1802  lobsters and crayfish

 Infraorder Anomura MacLeay, 1838

 Superfamily Galatheoidea Samouelle, 1819  squat lobsters

 Superfamily Paguroidea Latreille, 1802  hermit crabs
 Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802  crabs

References

Other websites
Rafik Baha ad-Din Hariri (; November 1, 1944 – February 14, 2005) was a Lebanese billionaire and businessman. He was Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1992 to 1998, and he became Prime Minister again in 2000. But in October 20, 2004, he quit his job. He helped a lot in rebuilding Beirut, which was damaged from the fighting during the civil war.

Hariri was killed along with 21 other people on February 14, 2005. A thousand kilograms of TNT exploded in a van near his car. His car was passing through St. George Hotel in the Lebanese capital, Beirut. People are still trying to learn who did it, and the United Nations have helped to investigate. Serge Brammertz is leading this investigation. Many people in Lebanon said that the government of Syria and its allies did it. So far, Brammertz said that DNA evidence collected from the exploded area shows that the killing was done by a young man who blew himself up at the time.

References 

1944 births
2005 deaths
Assassinated people
Billionaires
Business people
Lebanese Muslims
Prime Ministers of Lebanon
An antenna (plural antennae) is one of a pair of feelers (appendages) connected to the front segments of crustaceans and insects. They are found on the first two segments of the head. The smaller pair are known as antennules.  

Antennae are jointed and extend forward from the head. They are sensory organs. The organ may sense touch, air motion, heat, vibration (sound), and especially smell or gustation (taste).

References 

Crustaceans
Insects
Josef "Sepp" Dietrich (May 28, 1892 in Hawangen - April 21, 1966 in Ludwigsburg) was a German Waffen-SS general, and one of the closest men to Adolf Hitler. For his wartime services, he was one of only 27 men to be awarded the Knight's Cross with Oak leaves, Swords and Diamonds. Dietrich and other members of the Waffen-SS were tried for war crimes after WW2.

1892 births
1966 deaths
German prisoners
German war criminals
People from Bavaria
SS officers
Waffen-SS generals
Freeview is free television service in the New Zealand, It is sent to people's home using a digital signal by either over the air or by satellite. It is planning to have more channels than analogue television provides. The service was put on air on 2 May 2007. The service was created as a local copy of the British digital television service, also known as Freeview.

Some TVs can receive Freeview automatically, but most people have to buy a special box to connect to their old TV or replace their satellite box, if they want to get by satellite.

Freeview (New Zealand)
Freeview (New Zealand)
2007 establishments
2000s establishments in New Zealand
A Burqa is a piece of clothing. It is worn by Muslim women. They can wear it as an outer garment. It only leaves a semi-transparent mesh in front of the woman's eyes, so she can see. The rest of the body is covered by it. 

Other garments for Muslim women that cover less of their body are the hijab and the niqab. People often confuse the hijab and the niqab and call it burqa instead.

In Islamic texts
The Quran does not say that women need to cover their faces with a veil, or cover their bodies with the full-body burqa.

Burqas around the world

In France, Italy, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Latvia, Bulgaria, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Tunisia, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands wearing a burqa (and the niqab) in public is illegal. And in more countries, it is illegal to enter a government building, public building, public transport, schools, or to drive a vehicle with a burqa (or a niqab).

Islamic dress
The Satanic Verses is a novel by Salman Rushdie.

Part of it was inspired by the life of Muhammad. The title refers to Satanic verses. This is one of the interpretations of the Koran. This interpretation is what Ibn Ishaq did in the oldest surviving text of the work. Some Islamic and most non-Muslim Western historians and commentators on the Qur'an have accepted this story of Muhammad's momentary acceptance of the verses although there are no known sources confirming the presence of these verses in reality in Qur'an in olden times. A common Muslim viewpoint is that the existence of the verses is just a fabrication created by non-Muslims.

The novel caused much controversy when it was published. Many Muslims felt that it contained blasphemous references. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran, a Shi'a Muslim scholar, issued a fatwa that called for the death of Rushdie and claimed that it was the duty of every Muslim to obey. As a result, Hitoshi Igarashi, the Japanese language translator of the book was stabbed to death on 11 July 1991; Ettore Capriolo, the Italian language translator, was seriously injured in a stabbing the same month. William Nygaard, the publisher in Norway, survived an attempted assassination in Oslo in October 1993. On 14 February 2006, the Iranian state news agency reported that the fatwa will remain in place permanently.

In the United Kingdom, however, the book was praised by a lot of critics. It was a 1988 Booker Prize Finalist, eventually losing to Peter Carey's Oscar and Lucinda.

References 

1988 books
English novels
English-language novels