cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A car wash is a place to clean the outside, and sometimes the inside, of automobiles. 

There are many different types of car washes. These are the three main groups:  
self-service that are usually coin-operated,
In-Bay Automatics are machines that roll back and forth over an automobile while washing it,
"tunnel washes" push or pull the automobile through a line of cleaning machines that do not move.

In a modern car wash soaps and other chemicals used are based on milder acids and alkalies. Early car washes often used hydrofluoric acid, a hazardous chemical. Many car washes are now required by law to treat and reuse their water.

There are two types of foam: polish and wax. Polish is cheaper and may be harder to rinse, sometimes becoming solid  in its holding tank. Wax is more expensive, but rinses well and covers the vehicle with a lighter and puffier foam.

Other websites

Car Washes at howstuffworks
International Carwash Association
Car Wash Environmental Reports
Information on Car Wash Investing
Self Service Car Wash  

Automobiles
Hannah Dakota Fanning (born February 23, 1994) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her starring roles in the movies Dreamer, Hounddog, and Fragments (also known as Winged Creatures).

Early life
Fanning was born in Conyers, Georgia. Her mother, Heather Joy (née Arrington), played tennis professionally and her father, Steven J. Fanning, played minor league baseball and now works as an electronics salesman in Los Angeles, California. Her maternal grandfather is former American football player Rick Arrington, and her aunt is former ESPN reporter Jill Arrington. Dakota is the elder sister of Elle Fanning, also an actress.

Fanning is of English, French, Irish and German ancestry. She and her family are Southern Baptist.

Child actress 
Dakota was famous for her performance at age seven in the 2001 film I Am Sam. This earned her a nomination for a Screen Actors Guild Award at age eight in 2002, as the youngest nominee in history.

Later, she appeared in high-profile films such as Man on Fire (2004), War of the Worlds (2005) and Charlotte's Web (2006). Fanning then began the transition to more adult roles with Hounddog (2007) and The Secret Life of Bees (2008). Her recent film roles have included the named character in Coraline (2009), Cherie Currie in The Runaways (2010), Annie James in "The Motel Life" (2013), and Jane in The Twilight Saga (2009–12).

References

Other websites
 

Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
American Baptists
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
1994 births
Living people
The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a name for parts of the central nervous system in vertebrates.

Additional images

Anatomy of the brain

ru:Задний мозг
Common sage (Salvia officinalis) is a small evergreen subshrub, with woody stems, grayish leaves, and blue to  purplish flowers that grows in southern Europe and the Mediterranean region. 

It is much cultivated as a kitchen and medicinal herb, and is also called Garden sage, Kitchen sage, and Dalmatian sage. In southern Europe similar species are sometimes cultivated for the same purpose, and may be confused with the common sage. 

It likes warm, quite dry soil with some shade but it will grow in almost any garden soil. It can live through winter but after three to five years the plant is past its best and should be replaced.

Related pages
 Salvia

References
 The Herb Society of America New Encyclopedia of Herbs & Their Uses,i like herbs Deni Bown (New York: DK, 2001)
 A Modern Herbal Mrs M Grieves (Surrey, UK: Merchant, 1973)

Other websites 

Medicinal use: from appliedhealth.com 
Medicinal use, modern and historical: from botanical.com

Herbs
Lamiaceae
The Shikoku is a Japanese breed of dog. Other names for it is Tosa-ken. It is different from Tosa-touken. It looks like Japanese Wolf. It has a life span of ten to twelve years.

Dog breeds
Edward "Eddie" Regan Murphy (born April 3, 1961) is an American actor, comedian, producer, singer and writer. He won the Golden Globe Award in 2006 and was nominated for an Academy Award in 2002.

He has received Golden Globe Award nominations for best actor in a comedy or musical for his performances in Beverly Hills Cop, Beverly Hills Cop II, Beverly Hills Cop III, Trading Places, and The Nutty Professor. In 2007, he won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of soul singer James "Thunder" Early  in Dreamgirls, and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the same role.

His work as a voice actor includes Thurgood Stubbs in The PJs, Donkey in the Shrek series and the dragon Mushu in Disney's Mulan. In some of his films, he plays multiple roles in addition to his main character, intended as a tribute to one of his idols Peter Sellers, who played multiple roles in Dr. Strangelove and elsewhere. Murphy has played multiple roles in Coming to America, Wes Craven's Vampire In Brooklyn, the Nutty Professor films (where he played the title role in two incarnations, plus his father, brother, mother and grandmother), Bowfinger and 2007's Norbit.

His brother was comedian and screenwriter Charlie Murphy, who wrote the screenplay for Norbit and Vampire in Brooklyn. 

He was a usual member on Saturday Night Live from 1980 to 1984, and has worked as a stand-up comedian. He has worked a little as a singer too, having a number 87 on the uk singles chart and number 2 on the billboard hot 100 with Party All The Time  and a uk singles chart number 64 with I Was A King.

Career
In 1992 Murphy acted in the music video for Michael Jackson's single "Remember the Time". In 1993 Murphy released a song with Michael Jackson called "Whatzupwitu".  It was voted by MTV viewers in 1999 as the third worst music video of all time.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 

 
 
 Eddie Murphy on Discogs
 Eddie Murphy Media Site 
 Maxim Rated Top SNL performer
 Eddie Murphy.co.uk 

1961 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
African American comedians
African-American movie actors
African American movie producers
African-American screenwriters
African-American television actors
African-American voice actors
American stand-up comedians
American television producers
American television writers
Comedians from New York City
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Movie producers from New York City
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Screenwriters from New York City
Jennifer Lynn Connelly (born December 12, 1970) is an American movie actress. She also worked as child model. Although she has been working in the movie industry since she was a teenager and became famous for her roles in movies like Labyrinth and Career Opportunities, she did not become a big movie star until the 2000 drama Requiem for a Dream, and the 2001 biopic film A Beautiful Mind, for which she won an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress.

Movies
 
Once Upon a Time in America (1984)
Dario Argento's World of Horror (1985) (documentary)
Phenomena (1985)
Seven Minutes in Heaven (1985)
Labyrinth (1986)
Some Girls (1988)
Ballet (1989)
The Hot Spot (1990)
Career Opportunities (1991)
The Rocketeer (1991)
Of Love and Shadows (1994)
Higher Learning (1995)
Mulholland Falls (1996)
Far Harbor (1996)
Inventing the Abbotts (1997)
Dark City (1998)
Waking the Dead (2000)
Requiem for a Dream (2000)
Pollock (2000)
A Beautiful Mind (2001)
Hulk (2003)
House of Sand and Fog (2003)
Dark Water (2005)
Little Children (2006)
Blood Diamond (2006)
Reservation Road (2007)
Born (2008)
9 (2009)
He's Just Not That Into You (2009)
Creation (2009)
Alita: Battle Angel (2018)

Other websites

Jennifer Connelly interview 

1970 births
Living people
American movie actors
Academy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Actors from New York
Judy Garland (June 10, 1922 – June 22, 1969) was an American actress, singer and vaudevillian. She got international fame as an actress in musical and dramatic roles, as a recording artist, and on the concert stage. She got a Juvenile Academy Award and won a Golden Globe Award. She also won Grammy Awards and a Special Tony Award. She was nominated for the Academy Award for "Best Actress" for her role in the remake of A Star is Born. She also got a nomination for "Best Supporting Actress" for her performance in the 1961 movie, Judgment at Nuremberg. She was the youngest person to be given the Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievement in the movie industry.

Garland was in vaudeville with her two older sisters. She was signed to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a teenager. She made more than two dozen MGM movies. Nine of these movies co-starred Mickey Rooney. Her most famous MGM movie was The Wizard of Oz of 1939. She worked with MGM for 15 years. She went on to make record-breaking concert appearances.

Garland had personal problems throughout her life. She did not like the way she looked. Her feelings were made worse by movie executives who told her she did not look good. They changed the way she looked physically in movies. She also had financial problems. She often owed hundreds of thousands of dollars in unpaid taxes. She married five times. Her first four marriages ended in divorce. She had a long struggle with alcohol and drug use during most of her career. She died of an accidental drug overdose at the age of 47. She had three children. They are Liza Minnelli, Lorna Luft, and Joey Luft.

In 1997, Garland was given a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award years after her death. Several of her recordings have been sent to the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 1999, the American Film Institute placed her among the ten greatest female stars in the history of American movies.

Related pages
Judy Garland as gay icon

Other websites

Judy Garland Page On The Oldies Music Guide
Judy Garland On The Oldies Radio Station
Judy Garland at HighBeam
The Judy Garland Database
The Judy Room
The Judy Garland Online Discography
The Judy Garland Birthplace and Museum in Grand Rapids, MN
The Judy Garland Club: established 1963; official international Club supported by Judy during her lifetime
 Judy Garland - The Live Performances
 Judy Garland: By Myself - American Masters special
 

1922 births
1969 deaths
Actors from Minnesota
American movie actors
American stage actors
Drug-related accidental deaths in the United Kingdom
Episcopalians
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Grammy Award winners
Singers from Minnesota
Stage names
Tony Award winning actors
Vaudeville performers
Liza May Minnelli (born March 12, 1946 ) is an American actress and singer, who has won the Oscar and the Tony Award, and also many others. 

She was born at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, She is the daughter of famous actress and singer Judy Garland and her second husband, movie director Vincente Minnelli. She acted and sang in many famous movies, including Cabaret. Her half sister is actress and singer Lorna Luft.

Movies

 In the Good Old Summertime (1949)
 The Long, Long Trailer (1954) (scenes deleted)
 Charlie Bubbles (1967)
 The Sterile Cuckoo (1969)
 Tell Me That You Love Me, Junie Moon (1970)
 Cabaret (1972)
 Just One More Time (1974) (short subject)
 That's Entertainment! (1974) (narrator)
 Journey Back to Oz (1974) (voice)
 Lucky Lady (1975)
 Silent Movie (1976)
 A Matter of Time (1976)
 New York, New York (1977)
 Arthur (1981)
 The King of Comedy (1983)
 The Muppets Take Manhattan (1984)
 That's Dancing! (1985)
 Pinocchio and the Emperor of the Night (1987) (voice)
 Rent-A-Cop (1987)
 Arthur 2: On the Rocks (1988)
 Stepping Out (1991)
 A Century of Cinema (1994) (documentary)
 Unzipped (1995) (documentary)
 The OH in Ohio (2006)

References

Other websites

 
 The Liza Minnelli Rules Website
 Genealogy 
 Liza Online  (UK fan site)
 Liza Minnelli  (Official site)
 Liza May Minnelli  (European fanclub)
 The Muppet Show - Liza Minnelli episode

1946 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Hollywood
American movie actors
American musical theatre actors
American stage actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Tony Award winning actors
Yul Brynner (July 11, 1920 – October 10, 1985) was a Broadway and Hollywood actor. He was born in Russia. He moved to the United States and became an American citizen. He appeared in many movies and stage productions in the United States. He is famous for his role as the Siamese king in the musical The King and I on theater and in the movie, as well as Rameses II in the 1956 Cecil B. DeMille movie The Ten Commandments and as Chris Adams in The Magnificent Seven.  He played a killer robot in the 1976 science fiction film Westworld.

He was known for his shaved head which he kept as a personal sign since his role in The King and I.

He is mentioned in the song "One Night in Bangkok".

Other websites 

 
 
 
 

1920 births
1985 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American television directors
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from lung cancer
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Russian movie actors
Russian television actors
Tony Award winning actors
Vladivostok
Robert Redford (born Charles Robert Redford, Jr. on August 18, 1937), is a retired  American movie actor, director, producer, businessman, and model. One of Hollywood's biggest superstars, Redford has kept his appeal as the decades pass.

In August 2018, Redford officially announced his retirement from acting.

Movies

Actor 
 Inside Daisy Clover (1965)
 This Property Is Condemned (1966)
 The Chase (1966)
 Barefoot in the Park (1967)
 Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969)
 Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here (1969)
 Jeremiah Johnson (1972)
 The Candidate (1972)
 The Hot Rock (1972)
 The Sting (1973)
 The Way We Were (1973)
 The Great Gatsby (1974)
 Three Days of the Condor (1975)
 The Great Waldo Pepper (1975)
 All the President's Men (1976)
 A Bridge Too Far (1977)
 The Electric Horseman (1979)
 Brubaker (1980)
 The Natural (1984)
 Out of Africa (1985)
 Legal Eagles (1986)
 Havana (1990)
 Sneakers (1992)
 Indecent Proposal (1993)
 Up Close & Personal (1996)
 Spy Game (2001)
 The Last Castle (2001)
 All Is Lost (2013)
 Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014)
 Pete's Dragon (2016)
 The Discovery (2017)

Director 
 Ordinary People (1980)
 The Milagro Beanfield War (1988)
 A River Runs Through It (1992)
 Quiz Show (1994)
 The Horse Whisperer (1998)
 The Legend of Bagger Vance (2000)

Producer 
 ''Chicagoland (2014)

References

Other websites 
 
 the Sundance Institute
 Sundance Resort
 

Kennedy Center honorees
Academy Award Honorary Award winners
Academy Award winning directors
Actors from Santa Monica, California
American movie actors
American television actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning directors
Movie directors from California
Movie producers from California
1937 births
Living people
Raymond William Stacey Burr (May 21, 1917 – September 12, 1993) was a Canadian actor and vintner, famous for his roles in the television dramas Perry Mason, for which he was awarded two Emmy Awards, and Ironside.

Burr's mother was of English and Scottish ancestry; his father was Irish.

Burr may have been a closeted homosexual.

References

Other websites
French biography of Raymond Burr

Raymond Burr Performing Arts Centre - New Westminster, BC
Raymond Burr Vineyards 

1917 births
1993 deaths
Actors from British Columbia
Canadian LGBT people
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from kidney cancer
Gay men
LGBT actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Michelle Marie Pfeiffer (born April 29, 1958) is an American actress who has been nominated for the Oscar three times. Pfeiffer has appeared in movie such as Scarface, The Witches of Eastwick, Dangerous Liaisons, The Fabulous Baker Boys, Batman Returns, Wolf and Hairspray.

Personal life 
Since 1981 until 1988 she was married to Peter Horton.

Since November 13, 1993 she is married to David E. Kelley. They have two children, Claudia Rose Kelley (born in May 1993, was adopted) and son John Henry Kelley (born on August 5, 1994).

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 
 
 

American movie actors
American television actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Actors from Santa Ana, California
1958 births
Living people
NNDB, standing for Notable Names Database, produced by Soylent Communications, is an online database of biographical information of notable people. As of March 2007, NNDB contains more than 60,000 articles for over 22,000 important people. Readers may suggest additions or corrections which are later checked by a NNDB staff member.

References

Other websites 
 NNDB - Notable Names Database
 Village Voice article, October 7th, 2005 

Websites
The vascular plants, or tracheophytes, are plants that have specialized tissues for conducting water, minerals, and photosynthetic products through the plant. They include the ferns, clubmosses, horsetails, flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. They are often called the higher plants.

The vascular plants are set apart in two main ways:
 Vascular plants have vascular tissues, which circulate resources through the plant.  This feature allows vascular plants to grow to a larger size than non-vascular plants, which lack these specialized conducting tissues and are therefore restricted to relatively small sizes. 
 In vascular plants, the principal generation phase is the sporophyte, which is diploid with two sets of chromosomes per cell.

Water transport happens in either xylem or phloem: xylem carries water and inorganic solutes upward toward the leaves from the roots, while phloem carries organic solutes throughout the plant.

Members
Spore-bearing vascular plants
Equisetophyta ~ horsetails
Lycopodiophyta ~ clubmosses, spikemosses, quillworts
Pteridophyta ~ ferns

Seed-bearing vascular plants - Superdivision Spermatophyta
Pinophyta ~ conifers
Cycadophyta ~ cycads
Ginkgophyta ~ ginkgoes
Gnetophyta ~ gnetophytes
Magnoliophyta ~ flowering plants

Related pages
Non-vascular plant
Embryophyte

References
The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (  ) is sometimes called the 2 + 4 Treaty.

It was signed by the two Germanys (West and East) and the four Wartime Allies (France, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union (USSR)) on 12 September 1990, in Moscow, USSR.

The treaty formally ended the Second World War. The Allies of World War II gave up the powers and duties they had had in the two Germanys and in Berlin since the Nazi Surrender in 1945 stopped the fighting in World War II.

Six countries signed the treaty but only five ratified (confirmed) it. This is because Germany united under one government on 3 October 1990, three weeks after the treaty was signed.

The treaty allowed East and West German reunification into one country.  It said that Germany will be peaceful, and not start wars.  Germany promised to limit the size of its Army, Navy, and Air force, and not to make nuclear bombs.  

The treaty also set guidelines about moving the foreign troops that were in Germany.  The USSR was to move all of its troops out of Eastern Germany and Eastern Berlin by 1994.  The three Western allies were asked to keep their troops in Berlin until the Soviets had left.  Germany also promised not to allow NATO troops to move into Eastern Germany, and not to allow certain types of weapons in the East either. 

The treaty also set Germany's borders, and the German government confirmed that the treaty it made with Poland in 1970 about the border between the countries, was to stay in force.

On 15 March 1991, the treaty treaty took effect, and Germany became fully sovereign (that is, able to control everything in its own territory, including Berlin).

History of Germany
Politics of Germany
East Germany
20th century in Berlin
20th century in Moscow
World War II
Politics of France
Politics of the United Kingdom
Politics of the United States
Politics of the Soviet Union
Non-vascular plants is a general term for those plants without a vascular system (xylem and phloem).  Although non-vascular plants do not have these tissues, some of them have other tissues for internal transport of water.

Nonvascular plants have no roots, stems, or leaves. These structures always have some vascular tissue.

Non-vascular groups
The term "non-vascular plant" is no longer used in biological classification.  Non-vascular plants include two quite different groups:

 The Bryophyta (mosses), the Marchantiophyta (liverworts), and the Anthocerotophyta (hornworts). Because these plants have no water-conducting tissues, they do not have the structural complexity and size of most vascular plants.
 Algae - especially the green algae. Recent studies have demonstrated that the algae actually consist of several unrelated groups. It turns out that common features of living in water and photosynthesis were misleading as indicators of close relationship. Only the green algae are still considered relatives of the plants.

In the past, the term non-vascular plant included all the algae, but also the fungi as well. Today, it is recognized that these groups are not closely related to plants, and have a very different biology.

Related pages 
 Vascular plant
This is an article about vascular tissue in plants. For transport in animals, see Circulatory system.

Vascular tissue is a complex tissue found in vascular plants. Complex means that it is composed of more than one cell type.

The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem. These two tissues transport fluid and nutrients internally. There is a meristem associated with vascular tissue: the vascular cambium. All the vascular tissues within a particular plant together constitute the vascular tissue system of that plant.

Related pages
Xylem 
Phloem
Vascular plant

Plant anatomy
Vascular plants
In vascular plants, phloem is the living tissue made up of small tubes which carry watery sap containing sugar and other organic nutrients to all parts of the plant where the nutrients are used for growth, or stored until needed. The sugar is made by photosynthesis. In trees, the phloem is the innermost layer of the bark, therefore the name, that comes from the Greek word φλοιος (phloios) for "bark". 

Aphids (greenfly) and other insects feed on the phloem by inserting a fine tube into the plant, penetrating the tiny phloem cells deep within the plant. The high pressure in the phloem tubes forces the phloem sap into the insect.  Most of the sugar passes right through the insect, so that nearby surfaces get sticky and often become black due to the growth of fungus.
  
Water, which is absorbed by the plant's roots, travels up the stem to the leaf through the xylem. This means that the xylem helps during photosynthesis by bringing water up the plant. It does the same job that blood vessels do in animals.

Related pages
Xylem

Plant anatomy
Vascular tissue
Plant physiology
Plant tissues
Walter Matthau (October 1, 1920–July 1, 2000) was an American actor. He starred with Jack Lemmon in The Odd Couple and its sequel The Odd Couple II. He won the Academy Award for The Fortune Cookie.

movies 
Atomic Attack (1950) (short subject)
The Kentuckian (1955)
The Indian Fighter (1955)
Bigger Than Life (1956)
A Face in the Crowd (1957)
Slaughter on Tenth Avenue (1957)
King Creole (1958)
Voice in the Mirror (1958)
Ride a Crooked Trail (1958)
Onionhead (1958)
Gangster Story (1960) (also director)
Strangers When We Meet (1960)
Lonely are the Brave (1962)
Who's Got the Action? (1962)
Island of Love (1963)
Charade (1963)
Ensign Pulver (1964)
Fail-Safe (1964)
Goodbye Charlie (1964)
Mirage (1965)
The Fortune Cookie (1966)
A Guide for the Married Man (1967)
The Odd Couple (1968)
The Secret Life of an American Wife (1968)
Candy (1968)
Hello, Dolly! (1969)
Cactus Flower (1969)
A New Leaf (1971)
Plaza Suite (1971)
Kotch (1971)
Pete 'n' Tillie (1972)
The Laughing Policeman (1973)
Charley Varrick (1973)
The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (1974)
Earthquake (1974) (credited as "Walter Matuschanskayasky")
The Front Page (1974)
The Lion Roars Again (1975) (short subject)
The Gentleman Tramp (1975) (documentary)
The Sunshine Boys (1975)
Bad News Bears (1976)
Casey's Shadow (1978)
House Calls (1978)
California Suite (1978)
Portrait of a 60% Perfect Man (1980) (documentary)
Little Miss Marker (1980)
Hopscotch (1980)
First Monday in October (1981)
Buddy Buddy (1981)
I Ought to Be in Pictures (1982)
The Survivors (1983)
Movers & Shakers (1985)
Pirates (1986)
The Little Devil (1988)
The Couch Trip (1988)
JFK (1991) as Senator Russell B. Long
Beyond 'JFK': The Question of Conspiracy (1992) (documentary)
Dennis the Menace (1993)
Grumpy Old Men (1993)
I.Q. (1994)
The Grass Harp (1995)
Grumpier Old Men (1995)
I'm Not Rappaport (1996)
Out to Sea (1997)
The Odd Couple II (1998)
The Life and Times of Hank Greenberg (1998) (documentary)
Hanging Up (2000)

Other websites 

Humorous Quotes 
Walter Matthau & Jack Lemmon (In German)

Academy Award winning actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Tony Award winning actors
Actors from New York City
1920 births
2000 deaths
Susan Sarandon (born October 4, 1946) is an American actress. She was born in New York City and grew up in Edison, New Jersey. She has received many awards in her career for her work, including the Academy Award in 1995 for her role at the movie Dead Man Walking, written and directed by her partner, actor and director Tim Robbins.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 
 

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from New Jersey
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
American voice actors
BAFTA Award winners
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
1946 births
Living people
Timothy Francis Robbins (born October 16, 1958) is an American actor, screenwriter, director, producer, activist, and amateur musician. He has won many awards in his career, including the Academy Award in 2004 for his work in Mystic River. 

He was born in West Covina, Los Angeles County and raised in New York City. He was the partner of actress Susan Sarandon from 1988-2009.

Filmography

References

Other websites
 Video Interview with Tim Robbins on AMC's Sunday Morning Shootout
 Embedded Live, the play  and Embedded /Live, the DVD
 See also, Embedded Live, the interview, from CBC News: The Hour
 Interview from On The Media, February 20, 2004 
 Interview from Media Matters, June 5, 2005 
 Tim Robbins' federal campaign contribution report 
 TheAge.com Article: "Tim Robbins: Hall of Fame Violates Freedom"
 
 Robbins' blog at The Huffington Post
 Audio interview of Tim Robbins  by Stephanie Miller on The Stephanie Miller Show about Robbins' play, 1984 

1958 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from New York City
American activists
American movie actors
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Tigran Chukhajian was a famous Armenian composer and the founder of the first opera institution in the Ottoman Empire. He composed the first Armenian opera, Arshak II, about the life of Armenian king Arshak II.

1837 births
1898 deaths
Armenian composers
Jamie Lee Curtis, Lady Haden-Guest (born November 22, 1958) is an American actress and author. Although at the beginning of her career she was known as “The one girl” because of her roles in many horror movies beginning in her first ever movie Halloween (1978) as Laurie Strode, Curtis has since worked in a lot of different movie genres. She has received an  Grammy Award nomination and two Golden Globe Awards. Her 1998 book, Today I Feel Gross, and Other Grammy That Make My Day, made the best-seller list in The New York Times.

In late the 2010s, Curtis returned as Strode in the horror movie Halloween (2018) and in the upcoming sequels Halloween Kills (2020) and Halloween Ends (2021). She also played Linda Drysdale in the mystery comedy movie Knives Out (2019).

Early life
Curtis was born in Santa Monica, California. She is the daughter of actor Tony Curtis and actress Janet Leigh. Her paternal grandparents were Hungarian Jewish immigrants and two of her maternal great-grandparents were Danish. Curtis's parents divorced in 1962, after which her mother married Robert Brandt. Curtis has an older sister, Kelly Curtis, who is also an actress, and several half-siblings (all from her father's remarriages), Alexandra, Allegra, Ben, and Nicholas Curtis (who died in 1994 of a drug overdose). Curtis attended Westlake School (now Harvard-Westlake School) in Los Angeles and Beverly Hills High School, and graduated from Choate Rosemary Hall. Returning to California in 1976, she attended the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California. She considered majoring in social work, but quit after one semester to pursue an acting career.

Personal life
She is married to actor Christopher Guest (Baron Haden-Guest) and, as the wife of a Baron, she has the title Baroness Haden-Guest and she could be called The Lady Haden-Guest, but she chooses not to use the title nor the style when in the United States.

Movie

References

Other websites

 
 Jamie Lee Curtis interview 
 
 Jamie Lee Curtis Fansite

Actors from Santa Monica, California
American movie actors
American television actors
Jewish American actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1958 births
Living people
Michael Andrew Fox  (born June 9, 1961), known professionally as Michael J. Fox, is a retired Canadian-American actor, author, film producer and activist with a film and television career spanning from the 1970s to 2020. He played Marty McFly in Back to the Future trilogy. On television, he played Alex P. Keaton in the NBC sitcom Family Ties and Mike Flaherty on the ABC sitcom Spin City. He has won five Primetime Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a Grammy Award and two Screen Actors Guild Awards.

Fox was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1991, and told the public about it in 1998. He semi-retired from acting in 2000 as the symptoms of the disease worsened. He has since become an advocate for research toward finding a cure, and founded the Michael J. Fox Foundation. Sweden's Karolinska Institute gave him an honorary doctorate on March 5, 2010 for his work advocating a cure for Parkinson's disease.

Fox has also worked as a voice-over actor on films, such as Stuart Little and  Atlantis: The Lost Empire. On the CBS television show The Good Wife, he earned Emmy nominations for three consecutive years for his recurring role as crafty attorney Louis Canning. He has also taken recurring guest roles and cameo appearances in Boston Legal, Scrubs, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Rescue Me, and Designated Survivor. He has written four books. Fox was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2010 and was also inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in 2000.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 
 
 
 The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research
 The Michael J. Fox Database

Actors from Alberta
American movie actors
American television actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Entertainers from Edmonton
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People with Parkinson's disease
1961 births
Living people
Gastroenteritis is a medical term for inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It causes diarrhea, vomiting and stomach pain. It usually happens because of infection by a virus or bacteria. 

Other common terms for gastroenteritis include infectious diarrhea, stomach bug, and stomach virus. It is sometimes called stomach flu or gastric flu, but it is not related to the influenza virus (which is often shortened to 'flu').

References

Infectious_diseases
Television pilot, usually called just a pilot, is a test episode made to sell a television series. It may be broadcast as the first episode if the series is sold to a network or cable channel, and sometimes has different actors or other differences to the real series. There are also many series whose pilot episodes are titled "Pilot". While many pilots are made, few make it to the screen, and even fewer go on to become full television series because of big competition between networks and producers. There are many types of television pilots. Some pilots are put on other shows first to start the show. These are called "backdoor pilots". An example of a backdoor pilot is "Gloria: The First Day" is an episode in Archie Bunker's Place but is used to start Gloria. A "put pilot" is a pilot that a network agrees to put on television and if they do no they have to pay a lot of money to the television studio. An "unsold pilot" is a pilot episode that are made by a studio but are not put on television. 

Television series
James Montgomery Doohan (March 3, 1920 – July 20, 2005) LVO was a Canadian actor and voice actor. He is best known for his role as Montgomery "Scotty" Scott in the movie and television series Star Trek. Doohan's character was one of the most typical elements in the Star Trek franchise.

Doohan was also a veteran of World War II. After his success with Star Trek, he showed a lot of support through the years for his fans by making many public appearances.

Other websites 
 
 Doohan in Slashdot thread
 Washington Post obituary "The Actor, Boldly Going With the Flow"
 

1920 births
2005 deaths
Actors from Vancouver
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Deaths from pneumonia
Javanese (); ; Aksara Jawa: ; Pegon: ; ) is the native language of Javanese people which originated from the island of Java. Being the most populous island in the world, a lot of community in Java island could understand the Javanese language naturally despite not having a Javanese-ethnic identity. The Javanese language is recognized as one of the regional languages ( the native or indigenous languages) in Indonesia with the largest speakers concentrated in the provinces of Yogyakarta, Central Java, and  East Java. The Javanese language also recognized as one of the minority languages in some countries worldwide, mainly in Suriname, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Hong Kong, Australia, Carribean, Sri Lanka, and neighbouring Southeast Asian countries.

Demographic distribution of Javanese speakers 

Javanese is spoken throughout Indonesia, neighboring Southeast Asian countries, the Netherlands, Suriname, New Caledonia and other countries. However, the greatest concentration of speakers is in the six provinces of Java itself, and in the neighboring Sumatran province of Lampung.

Below, a table with the number of native speakers in 1980 is provided.

References

Other websites

Javanese Writing System
Ethnologue report on Javanese 
Javanese in Suriname strive to preserve origins Jakarta Post article

Austronesian languages
Languages of Indonesia
Javanese might mean:

Anything related to Java, an island of Indonesia
Javanese language
Michael Kirk Douglas (born September 25, 1944) is an American actor and producer and activist. He has acted in movies and on television, who came to fame as Insp. Steve Keller in the popular 1970s television series The Streets of San Francisco.

He later became a successful movie star, and won the Academy Award in 1987 for his work in Wall Street. Douglas has acted in many other successful movies, including Fatal Attraction and Basic Instinct.

He is the eldest son of actor Kirk Douglas, but also Krirk Douglas and Mrirk Douglas. He is the husband of actress Catherine Zeta-Jones. In 2010, he was diagnosed with throat cancer; in 2011 he said he had recovered.

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 Michael Douglas Unofficial Fan website
 Michael Douglas  Personal Documents Archive at the Wisconsin Historical Society
 News

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from New Jersey
American activists
American movie actors
Douglas family
American television actors
Cancer survivors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1944 births
Living people
New Brunswick, New Jersey
Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch; December 9, 1916 – February 5, 2020) was an American actor and movie producer. His parents were Jews from the Russian Empire. Douglas has acted in many of Hollywood's most well-known of all time, including Spartacus. He also starred as Vincent van Gogh in Lust for Life.

He is also father to actor and producer Michael Douglas. He came in at #17 on AFI's list of the greatest male American screen legends of all time and was one of two living actors on the list (Sidney Poitier is the other).

In 1995, he was given an Honorary Academy Award. In 1956, he won a Golden Globe Award.

Kirk Douglas died on February 5, 2020 in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 103.

References

Other websites 

 
 
 
 Personal papers of Kirk Douglas at the Wisconsin Historical Society - Roughly 180,000 documents on Douglas's personal and professional life 
 Newcritics.com: Meeting Kirk Douglas 
 Kirk Douglas, le champion de Hollywood (in French)

1916 births
2020 deaths
American centenarians
American stage actors
American radio actors
Television personalities from New York
Writers from New York
American autobiographers
Academy Award Honorary Award winners
Actors from New York
American movie actors
Douglas family
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Kennedy Center honorees
American bloggers
People from Amsterdam, New York
James Maitland Stewart (May 20, 1908 – July 2, 1997) was one of the most famous American movie and stage actors of all times. In his career, he starred in many movies considered classics and was nominated for five Oscars, winning one in competition and one life achievement. He also had an important military career, and made it to the rank of Brigadier General in the United States Air Force. Stewart became so familiar to the American public that he was most usually referred to by them as "Jimmy" Stewart.

He was named the third Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 
 Obituary, NY Times, July 3, 1997, James Stewart, the Hesitant Hero, Dies at 89
 The Jimmy Stewart Museum
 Presidential Medal of Freedom: Jimmy Stewart 

1908 births
1997 deaths
Deaths from pulmonary thrombosis
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Pennsylvania
American aviators
American military people
American movie actors
American stage actors
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Golden Globe Award winning actors
James Francis Cagney, Jr. (July 17, 1899 – March 30, 1986) was an American movie actor who had many roles in his long career, and won the Oscar for Best Actor in 1942 for his role in Yankee Doodle Dandy.

Like James Stewart, Cagney became so familiar to the public that they usually referred to him as "Jimmy" Cagney. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Cagney eighth among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time.

References

Other websites 

James Cagney's Thug Life Fan site with hundreds of photos
The New York Times (March 31, 1986): "James Cagney Is Dead at 86; Master of Pugnacious Grace", by Peter B. Flint

1899 births
1986 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Kennedy Center honorees
Spencer Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was an American movie and stage actor who appeared in movies for thirty years.

In 1999, the American Film Institute named Tracy among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time, ranking 9th on the list of 100. He was nominated for nine Academy Awards for Best Actor, and won it two times, in 1937 and 1938. Along with Tom Hanks, he is one of the only two actors to ever be given two Oscars in two consecutive years. He was a long-time live-in partner of famous actress Katharine Hepburn whilst remaining legally married to another woman until his death. He was diabetic and died of a heart attack. He was a devout Catholic.

Movies 
The Strong Arm (1930)
Taxi Talks (1930)
The Hard Guy (1930)
Up the River (1930)
Quick Millions (1931)
Six Cylinder Love (1931)
Goldie (1931)
She Wanted a Millionaire (1932)
Sky Devils (1932)
Disorderly Conduct (1932)
Young America (1932)
Society Girl (1932)
The Painted Woman (1932)
Me and My Gal (1932)
20,000 Years in Sing Sing (1932)
The Face in the Sky (1933)
Shanghai Madness (1933)
The Power and the Glory (1933)
Man's Castle (1933)
The Mad Game (1933)
The Show-Off (1934)
Looking for Trouble (1934)
Bottoms Up (1934)
Now I'll Tell (1934)
Marie Galante (1934)
It's a Small World (1935)
The Murder Man (1935)
Dante's Inferno (1935)
Whipsaw (1935)
Riffraff (1936)
Fury (1936)
San Francisco (1936)
Libeled Lady (1936)
They Gave Him a Gun (1937)
Captains Courageous (1937)
Big City (1937)
Mannequin (1938)
Test Pilot (1938)
Hollywood Goes to Town (1938)
Boys Town (1938)
For Auld Lang Syne: No. 4 (1939)
Hollywood Hobbies (1939)
Stanley and Livingstone (1939)
I Take This Woman (1940)
Young Tom Edison (1940) (cameo)
Northward, Ho! (1940)
Northwest Passage (1940)
Edison, the Man (1940)
Boom Town (1940)
Men of Boys Town (1941)
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941)
Woman of the Year (1942)
Ring of Steel (1942) (narrator)
Tortilla Flat (1942)
Keeper of the Flame (1942)
His New World (1943) (documentary) (narrator)
A Guy Named Joe (1943)
The Seventh Cross (1944)
Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944)
Without Love (1945)
The Sea of Grass (1947)
Cass Timberlane (1947)
State of the Union (1948)
Edward, My Son (1949)
Adam's Rib (1949)
Malaya (1949)
Father of the Bride (1950)
For Defense for Freedom for Humanity (1951)
Father's Little Dividend (1951)
The People Against O'Hara (1951)
Pat and Mike (1952)
Plymouth Adventure (1952)
The Actress (1953)
Broken Lance (1954)
Bad Day at Black Rock (1955)
The Mountain (1956)
Pedobear z Krainy Gumisiów (1957)
The Old Man and the Sea (1958)
The Last Hurrah (1958)
Inherit the Wind (1960)
The Devil at 4 O'Clock (1961)
Judgment at Nuremberg (1961)
How the West Was Won (1962) (narrator)
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963)
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)

References

Other websites 

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
American movie actors
American Roman Catholics
BAFTA Award winning actors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1900 births
1967 deaths
Gary Cooper (born Frank James Cooper; May 7, 1901 – May 13, 1961) was an American movie actor whose career lasted 36 years. Cooper received five Oscar nominations for Best Actor, and won it two times, in 1941 and 1952. He also received an Honorary Award from the Academy in 1961. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Cooper among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time, ranking at No. 11.

References

Other websites 

 
 
 The Gary Cooper Pages
 Find-A-Grave profile for Gary Cooper
 Photographs of Gary Cooper

Academy Award Honorary Award winners
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Montana
American movie actors
American Roman Catholics
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from prostate cancer
Golden Globe Award winning actors
People from Helena, Montana
1901 births
1961 deaths
Cassini–Huygens was a spacecraft, sent to study the planet Saturn, its rings, and its moons.

The mission was made by NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and Italian Space Agency (ASI). The spacecraft had two main parts: the Cassini orbiter and the Huygens probe. It was launched on October 15, 1997 and entered into orbit around Saturn on July 1, 2004. It was the first spacecraft to orbit Saturn and the fourth one to visit Saturn (the others were fly-by's and did not enter orbit). The mission ended September 2017.

Cassini orbiter 
The orbiter was named after the Italian-French astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini, who discovered some moons of Saturn. Most of the orbiter was designed and built by NASA, although ASI built and programmed some parts that talked to the Huygens probe. The spacecraft spent 13 years in orbit, sending back data. It visited many parts of the Saturn system until it was short of fuel. The Cassini–Huygens ended with a controlled crash into Saturn's atmosphere on September 15, 2017.

Huygens probe 
ESA (European Space Agency) made the Huygens probe, named after the Dutch astronomer, mathematician, and physicist Christiaan Huygens who discovered Titan. On December 25 2004, the Huygens probe left the orbiter. A couple weeks later, the probe parachuted onto Saturn's largest moon Titan.  Astronomers have wondered what the surface of Titan was like, since it was hidden under thick clouds.  It is the only moon in our solar system with a thick atmosphere.  The probe descended and sent pictures and other data back for scientists to study.  After 90 minutes on the moon, the spacecraft stopped working, as expected. It is the farthest place we have ever landed a spacecraft. The pictures sent while parachuting showed rivers, probably of liquid methane. The surface is much too cold for water.

References

Other websites 
 Spacecraft Cassini is Visiting Saturn! — children's stories explaining the Cassini mission
 Cassini-Huygens Main Page at NASA
 Cassini Mission Homepage  by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
 Cassini-Huygens Mission Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
 Cassini Imaging Homepage
 Cassini information by the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC).
 Photo Gallery - full coverage
 Cassini's Tour de Saturn part A, B, C, D, E, F – descriptions of the 4-year tour of Saturn by Bruce Moomaw
 SpaceflightNow news coverage of the mission 
 Countdown to Cancel the Cassini Space Probe by the Baltimore Peace Network in 1997 due to concerns over the use of plutonium

NASA spacecraft
Saturn
Ferns are a group of about 20,000 species of plants (of which about 10,000 are living) in the division Pteridophyta. Unlike bryophytes, ferns have xylem and phloem, which makes them vascular plants.

Most ferns belong to the Class Leptosporangiata (or Pteridopsida). This includes most of those you see in gardens and woods. The horsetails belong to another class, the Equisetopsida, which was extremely important in the Carboniferous period.<ref>Taylor, Thomas N. & Edith L. Taylor. 1993. The biology and evolution of fossil plants. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. pp. 303–305. .</ref> Only one genus survives. The other classes of fern are also quite small today.

Ferns do not have waxes or special cells on their surface that keep water from evaporating. This means that they best live in a place where there is a lot of fog or has a lot of rainfall and is in a shade that protects them from direct sunlight. They have roots, stems, leaves. Their stems may form runners, called stolons above the ground, or rhizomes below ground. The leaves are green and large, and may bear spores on the underside. Some ferns can grow large in moist places. They can survive in more places than moss, but not so many as flowering plants.

During the Carboniferous period – from 350 million years ago – ferns lived everywhere on land. Horsetails grew up to 30 metres. There were huge forests of ferns and mosses, full of giant insects. Today, there are not so many large ferns.

Ferns do not have seeds. Instead, they reproduce through spores.

 References 

 Further reading 
 Pryer, Kathleen M., Harald Schneider, Alan R. Smith, Raymond Cranfill, Paul G. Wolf, Jeffrey S. Hunt and Sedonia D. Sipes. 2001. Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants. Nature 409: 618-622 (abstract here).
 Pryer, Kathleen M., Eric Schuettpelz, Paul G. Wolf, Harald Schneider, Alan R. Smith and Raymond Cranfill. 2004. Phylogeny and evolution of ferns (monilophytes) with a focus on the early leptosporangiate divergences. American Journal of Botany 91:1582-1598 (online abstract here ).
 Moran, Robbin C. 2004. A natural history of ferns. Portland, OR: Timber Press. .
 Lord, Thomas R. 2006. Ferns and fern allies of Pennsylvania. Indiana, PA: Pinelands Press. 
 Smith A.R., K.M. Pryer, E. Schuettpelz, P. Korall, H. Schneider & P.G. Wolf. 2006. A classification for extant ferns. Taxon'' 55(3):705–731.online available

Gallery

Other websites
 Tree of Life Web Project: Filicopsida
 A classification of the ferns and their allies 
 A fern book bibliography
 Register of fossil Pteridophyta 
 L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (2004 onwards). The Ferns (Filicopsida) of the British Isles. 
 Non-seed plant images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu 

Pteridophyta