cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Saint Kitts and Nevis  was first at the Olympic Games in 1996 and has been in every Summer Olympic Games since. St Kitts and Nevis has never been at the Winter Olympic Games.
 
Saint Kitts and Nevis has never won a medal. They have only been in the Track and Field events.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Saint Kitts and Nevis profile at London2012.com

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Nations at the Olympics
Saint Lucia was first at the Olympic Games in 1996.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since.  The nation has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Saint Lucia was formed in 1987 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1993.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 
 Saint Lucia profile at London2012.com

Saint Lucia
Nations at the Olympics
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines has been in six Summer Olympic Games. The country has been in the Winter Olympic Games.  As of 2010, no athlete from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines has ever won an Olympic medal.

The St Vincent and the Grenadines National Olympic Committee was formed in 1982 and recognized by the IOC in 1987.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 St Vincent and the Grenadines National Olympic Committe (SVNOC) website
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines profile at London2012.com

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Nations at the Olympics
Suriname was first at the Olympic Games in 1960.  They have been in most Summer Olympic Games since then.  The nation missed the 1964 Games, and also boycotted the 1980 Summer Olympics.  Suriname has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Suriname was formed in 1959 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee that same year.

List of medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 
 Suriname profile at London2012.com

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago were first in the Summer Olympic Games in 1948, before independence from Great Britain. Trinidad and Tobago have been in fourteen Summer Olympics and three Winter Olympics.

Medalists

Summer

(*)Participation only at Round 1.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
Trinidad and Tobago National Olympic Committee
"Trinidad and Tobago at the Olympics" , Trinidad and Tobago government website
  Trinidad and Tobago profile at London2012.com

 

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
United States at the Olympics is a history which starts in the 1890s.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for the United States is USA.

History
The United States has been to every Olympic Games, except the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics.  The United States Olympic Committee (USOC) is the National Olympic Committee for the United States.

Thomas Burke was the first athlete to represent the United States at the Olympics. He took first place in both the 100 meters and the 400 meters of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.  US athlete Michael Phelps has won the most medals of any Olympic athlete of any nation.  He has 22 Olympic medals, including 18 golds.

American athletes have won a total of 2400 medals at the Summer Olympic Games and another 253 at the Winter Olympic Games.

Hosted Games
The United States has hosted the Games eight times, four times each for the Summer and Winter Games:

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites

 
  United States of America profile at London2012.com

Sports in the United States
Nations at the Olympics
Uruguay was first at the Olympic Games in 1924.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since except the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics.  Uruguay has been in one Winter Olympic Games in 1998.

The National Olympic Committee for Uruguay was formed in 1923, and recognized by the International Olympic Committee that same year.

List of medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Further reading

Other websites
 
 
  Uruguay profile at London2012.com

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
Venezuela was first at the Olympic Games in 1948 and has been in every Summer Olympic Games since. Venezuela has also been in the Winter Olympic Games since 1998.

The National Olympic Committee for Venezuela was formed in 1935.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 
 Venezuela profile at London2012.com

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
1935 establishments
1948 establishments in Venezuela
1998 establishments
The United States Virgin Islands has been in 9 Summer Olympic Games. They have also been in the Winter Olympic Games 7 times. Peter Holmberg took second place in sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

The Virgin Islands Olympic Committee was formed in 1967 and recognized by the IOC the same year.

Olympic Medal table (Summer)

Olympic Medal table (Winter)

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
Home page
  Virgin Islands, US profile at London2012.com
 

US Virgin Islands
Nations at the Olympics
The West Indies Federation were at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy by the name Antilles (ANT).

Medalists

Results by event

Athletics

Cycling

Sailing

Shooting

Weightlifting

Sources 
Official Olympic Reports 
International Olympic Committee results database

References

Former nations at the Olympics
Sport in the Caribbean
Impression management is an idea spoken about in the discipline of sociology. It is about the experience in everyday life where people control the way that they appear to others. People do this by selecting certain gestures, speech patterns, feminine or masculine expressions, as well as certain expressions of class and cultural interest. This so that people can give a particular image to others about who they want to be and how they want to be seen.

Examples
When gesturing a person might use reserved and minimal movements in a professional setting, whilst they may smile widely and wave about when with friends. A person might also change their speech pattern in a professional setting in order to sound more educated or refined, and may speak more casually or use swear words when in a casual setting. 

Males and females also often control how they are perceived in terms of masculinity or femininity. Boys and men might sometimes make their voices sound deeper or speak in short sentences to reflect an old stereotype that males are unfeeling and unconcerned with self-expression. Females on the other hand might feel the need to speak in line with the speech patterns of their peers, and this may include tacking on culturally specific phrases like "or whatever" and "that's hot/cute" to indicate they identify with the female gender and traditional interests. These of course are very simple ideas about what it means to be a man or woman. In contemporary life the border between male and female is sometimes becoming less strict. In Western societies psychologists support that people who show alternative gender expression are still medically normal.

People also talk about what kind of music they are interested in, what kind of movies they like to watch, and what kind of places they like to visit in order to give people an idea of where they stand in relation to class and culture. A common distinction in contemporary youth culture is the listening to so called "indie" alternative or independent music as opposed to pop or popular music. Similarly someone might say they like watching highbrow French films or award winning films, as opposed to something more mass culture, like a Disney movie.

Sociology

he:אינטראקציה סימבולית
The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising that occurred within China in the years 1900 and 1901 (from on 2 November 1900 to 7 September 1901). It was led by the Boxers, a group of Chinese citizens who disliked the vast amount of foreign influence that existed in China.

The Foreigners in China

It happened during a time when many foreign countries scrambling for concessions in China in the aftermath of the first Sino-Japanese war. These countries were Japan, Britain, Germany, and Russia. China had lost the First Sino-Japanese war a few years earlier over Korea.

The Boxers
The Boxers were Chinese citizens who were angry about the growing power of foreigners in China, who wanted to fight and drive out all foreigners and even some Chinese people. The Boxers got a lot of people to help them and drove their fight to Peking (Beijing).

55 Days at Peking
The interior inner city of Beijing was known as the Tartar city because it was majority Manchu and half of all Manchus in the Qing lived in Beijing's inner city. Japan, Russia, Britain, France, the United States, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy made an alliance to conduct an expedition against the Boxers in Beijing . While they did that, the Empress Dowager Cixi declared war on all of them and sent the Gansu Army to help the Boxers. The first foreign expedition to Beijing, the Seymour expedition was defeated. The foreign legations in Beijing were surrounded for 55 days before the foreign reinforcements got through in the second Gaselee expedition and got to the legations in Beijing. Manchus suffered tremendously as the foreign soldiers went around raping their women and killing their men. The rest of China outside of Manchuria and Zhili province was not affected since the Han governor generals such as Yuan Shikai, Li Hongzhang, Liu Kunyi and Zhang Zhidong signed a pact called the Mutual Protection of Southeast China to keep their provinces out of the war and did not help the Qing court and neither did the foreigners attack them.

Aftermath
The foreigners were very angry with the Qing . They said that China had to pay them even more money and execute officials responsible for supporting the Boxers like the Manchu bannerman governor Yuxian, Qixiu, Captain Enhai (En Hai) and Manchu Zaixun, Prince Zhuang and Han general Dong Fuxiang. China agreed to execute all the Manchu officials like Yuxian, Qixiu, Enhai and Zaixun but refused to execute Han general Dong Fuxiang. A few years later in 1911, the Qing Empire collapsed and China had a new government, but the foreigners still influenced China, especially Japan.

Related pages
 Opium Wars
 First Sino-Japanese War
 Qing Dynasty
 Empress Dowager Cixi
 Imperial Japanese Army
 Open Door Policy
 Imperialism

Wars involving China
Rebellions in Asia
19th century rebellions
20th century rebellions
1900
1901
20th century in China
Killed in Action (KIA) is a military term. It is used to describe a member of the military who was killed during a battle. On Wikipedia articles about battles, leaders who were killed in action have this symbol (†) next to their name.

Military
José María "Chema" Antón Samper  (born 19 March 1989 in  Casas del Señor, Valencian Community, Spain) is a Spanish footballer. He plays for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg as defender. (The name is following the Spanish naming customs. Antón is the family name of his fathers side. Samper is that of his mothers side.)

Career
Antón came to Real Madrid's youth system in 2003, when he was 14 years old. In 2007, he made his professional debut playing with Real Madrid B in the Segunda División B (3rd level of Spain's league system).  Without playing in the team, he sat on the bench in Bernd Schusters last match as coach of Real Madrid and the first of Juande Ramos. He also played 8 international matches for Spain's Under-19 team in the U19 European cup.

2010 he signed with Real Betis Sevilla playing one season in the second team in the Segunda División B. 2011 he signed with FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.

References

Other websites

Players profile on FC Red Bull Salzburg homepage 

Spanish footballers
1989 births
Living people
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Leonardo Vitor Santiago (born 9 March 1983) is a Brazilian footballer. He plays as a striker for FC Red Bull Salzburg on loan from NAC Breda. He is known as Leonardo.

Career
He started at the Nova Safra football school in Rio de Janeiro. His talent was discovered when he was 11 years old and he went to Europe and played in Feyenoord Rotterdams youth squads at Varkenoord He made his debut on August 19, 2000 in a 2–0 victory over AZ Almaar at the age of 17. This was a problem for Feyenoord and Leonardo because a non EU player is not allowed to play under 18 years. So he had to wait until he was 18. He scored his first goal for the first team  versus SC Heerenveen. In his first two seasons at Feyenoord he played 44 matches and scored four goals, but mainly he gave assists for his team mates to score. He was part of the Feyenoord team that won the 2001–02 UEFA Cup.

After this he suffered sever injuries, so he had only 11 matches in three seasons. After problems with the coaches he decided to left Feyenoord. 2006 he joined NAC Breda. After arguments with the coach he left Breda, after nine goals in 14 matches, to go to Ajax Amsterdam. 2009 he went back to Breda. 2011 he was transferred to Red Bull Salzburg on loan.

Club statistics

Honours

Club
Feyenoord
UEFA Cup 2002
Ajax
Dutch Cup 2007
Dutch Super Cup 2007

References

Footballers from Rio de Janeiro
1983 births
Living people
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Aemilianus or Aemilian (–253) was Roman emperor for eighty-eight days in 253 AD.

Early life 
Aemilianus was born around 207 or around 214. The Epitome de Caesaribus (a Latin history) and Zonaras (a Greek historian) say that Aemilianus was born at this time and at Djerba, an island in the Mediterranean Sea near Africa, part of the Roman Empire.

Aemilianus was not from the nobility, and may have been from among the Moorish people.

Aemilianus was a senator and was a Roman consul, either in 252 or 253. He was also governor () for the Roman province of Moesia Superior.

Emperor 
The Roman army made Aemilianus emperor in Moesia in July or August 253. The Roman Senate agreed that Aemilianus was emperor after the emperor Trebonianus Gallus died in August 253.

After defeating the Goths (a barbarian tribe) in modern-day Bulgaria, his soldiers proclaimed him as an emperor instead of Trebonianus Gallus, the emperor at the time. After defeating Gallus in battle at Interamna (Northern Italy), he captured the capital city of the empire, Rome.

When the governor of Roman Germany, Valerianus, arrived in Italy bringing troops to help Trebonianus Gallus, Aemilianus's own troops killed Aemilianus. They did not want a civil war and Valerian had a bigger army than Aemilianus.

Death 
Soldiers in Aemilianus's army killed Aemilianus at Spoletum in the Italian Peninsula (Spoleto, Italy).

Family 
Aemilianus's wife was Cornelia Supera. She became augusta (empress) in around August 253. Cornelia Supera may have died in September or October 253, at which time the soldiers killed Aemilianus.

References 

2nd-century births
253 deaths
Roman Emperors
Afghanistan at the Olympics is a history which includes 13 games in 12 countries and 100+ athletes. Since 1936, Afghanistan has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Afghanistan is AFG.

History
The Afghanistan National Olympic Committee was formed in 1935.  It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1936.

Afghanistan's team first competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.  

In 1999, Afghanistan was banned from the Olympics due to its discrimination against women under Taliban rule.  

In the 2004 Summer Olympics two women, Robina Muqim Yaar and Friba Razayee, were the first women to compete for Afghanistan at the Olympics.  Mehboba Ahdyar, a woman in the 2008 Summer Olympics had death threats because of her plan to be in the Games.

Medalists

Summer games

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
  Afghanistan National Olympic Committee
 Afghan Sports History 
  Afghanistan profile at London2012.com
 

Afghan society and culture
Nations at the Olympics
A hypodermic needle is a hollow steel tube that is sharpened into a needle so it can be jabbed (inserted) into somebody's body. After it is in, medicine is pushed through the steel needle. The name "hypodermic" comes from two Greek words meaning "below skin".

Medical equipment
Atrax is a genus of spiders. They have very strong venom. These spiders aggressively defend their territory and chase off attackers who may scare them by making a threat display. Next they will bite. The fastest death occurred in 1927 when a young boy died within fifteen minutes of being bitten. Thirteen deaths were recorded in the fifty years before antivenom was invented for this spider's bite. In English they are sometimes called Sydney Funnel Web spiders because they come from around that part of Australia.

Under the heading "spiders" (Aranae) there are three main groups. One is so very old that only a few species still live on earth. Another is the group that includes the spiders that can be seen making webs or chasing prey almost everywhere in the world. The third group includes the tarantulas and a few other kinds of spiders. The Atrax spiders belong to this third group.

There are also species called "funnel-web spiders" that belong to the second group mentioned above. So they are not close relatives of Atrax, and they are not dangerous. They just have a similar way of making a funnel-shaped web that leads down to some kind of shelter where the spider hides in wait for some insect to eat. Atrax is a very large and very aggressive spider, and these other spiders are from small to medium size and are extremely timid.

References

Spiders
Bahrain has been in 6 Summer Olympic Games. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games. 

Bahrain won their first Olympic medal in the 2012 Summer Olympics. Maryam Yusuf Jamal won a bronze in the women's 1500m run.

Rashid Ramzi won the gold medal in the men's 1,500 meters.  Because he used drugs, the IOC took the medal away.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Bahrain profile at London2012.com

Sport in Bahrain
Nations at the Olympics
Bangladesh has been in seven Summer Olympic Games. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

No Bangladeshi competitor has qualified for the Olympics; the country sends representatives to the Games thanks to the wildcard process. Bangladesh is the most populous country in the world to have never won an Olympic medal. They have had 27 participants in 3 sports.

Bangladesh Olympic Association head Wali Ullah says that Bangledesh's weak economy is the reason for its poor results in sports.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Bangladesh profile at London2012.com

Sport in Bangladesh
Nations at the Olympics
Hot wings are pieces of chicken that are fried and cooked, then smothered in sauce.  Hot wings can vary in how hot they are, from being mild to very spicy.  They are sometimes called Buffalo Wings because they originated from Buffalo, New York.

References

Poultry
A threat display is anything that an animal does to scare away other animals. A dog will bare its teeth and growl. A cat will hiss. A snake will coil up, raise its head, and move back and forth to point itself at any big animal that approaches it. 

Many animals have threat displays that make them look bigger. A lion's mane will stand up, making it look much larger and more powerful. Humans may raise both hands, spread wide, above their heads. Bears will stand on their hind legs, raise their front legs, and show their teeth while growling.

Animals
Bhutan has been in the Summer Olympic Games since 1984. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.  Bhutan has only been in Archery, which is the national sport of Bhutan. They have never won an Olympic Medal. 

The Bhutan Olympic Committee was formed in 1983 and recognized by the IOC the same year.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Bhutan profile at London2012.com

Sport in Bhutan
Nations at the Olympics
Brunei, as Brunei Darussalam, was first at the Olympic Games in 1988, with a single official but no athletes. The nation was in the Summer Olympic Games in 1996, 2000 and 2004. Each time it was represented by a single athlete. Brunei has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.  They have never won an Olympic medal.

As of 2010 Brunei, along with Saudi Arabia and Qatar, was one of only three countries to have never sent a female athlete to the Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee in 2010 announced it would "press" these countries to allow women's participation.

The National Olympic Committee for Brunei was formed in 1984 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee the same year.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Brunei Darussalam profile at London2012.com

Brunei
Nations at the Olympics
Cambodia at the Olympics is a history which includes 8 games in 8 countries and 40+ athletes. Since 1983, athletes of Cambodia have been part of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Cambodia is CAM.  In 1964, it was CAB.

History
The National Olympic Committee of Cambodia was formed in 1983 and recognized by the IOC in 1994.

No competitor from Cambodia has won an Olympic Medal.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 National Olympic Committee of Cambodia website 
 Cambodia profile at London2012.com

Cambodia
Nations at the Olympics
An antivenom is a medicine used to protect against a specific venom. (A venom is a poison released by a snake or insect.) Frequently the venom of some creature such as a cobra will be harvested and a little will be injected using a hypodermic needle into a horse every day for a long time. The horse's body will develop an immunity to the venom, so more and more venom from the snake can be injected every day. After the horse is immune, its blood can be drawn little by little to get the part of the blood that makes the horse immune. That part can then be injected into humans who have been bitten by cobras.

There are antivenoms for the very large and very dangerous funnel-web spiders found in Australia, and for the widow spiders (such as the black widow) found all around the world.

Medicine
The People's Republic of China (PRC) was  first at the 1952 Summer Olympics. That year, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) let both the PRC and the Republic of China (which recently moved to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War) compete.  The Republic of China withdrew in protest. Because of the political status of China, the PRC was not in the Olympics again until 1980.

The Chinese Olympic Committee was formed in 1910 and recognized in 1979. Before the Chinese Civil War, athletes competed as the Republic of China (ROC) at the Olympics. In 1979, the International Olympic Committee passed a resolution for the ROC team to be called Chinese Taipei, and this opened the door for the PRC to finally join the Olympic movement.

Hong Kong has had a distinct National Olympic Committee since 1950 and has been at the Games since 1952.  After the territory returned to the PRC this has continued, with Hong Kong separate from the rest of the nation under the name Hong Kong, China.

The People's Republic of China hosted the Games one time: the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

Milestones

Summer Games
As of 2012, China has a total of 473 medals in the Summer Games.
First medal : Xu Haifeng, 1984
First gold medal : Xu Haifeng, 1984
Most medals :
Li Ning, 1984 (6)
Guo Jingjing, 2000-2008 (6)
Most gold medals :
Guo Jingjing, 2004-2008 (4)
Fu Mingxia, 1992-2000 (4)
Wang Nan, 2000-2008 (4)
Li Xiaopeng, 2000-2008 (4)
Deng Yaping, 1992-1996 (4)
Zhang Yining, 2004-2008 (4)

Winter Games
As of 2012, China has a total of 44 medals in the Winter Games.
First medal: Ye Qiaobo, 1992
First gold medal : Yang Yang (A), 2002
Most medals:
Wang Meng, 2006-2010 (6)
Yang Yang (A), 1998-2006 (5)
Yang Yang (S), 1998-2002 (5)
Most gold medals:
Wang Meng, 2006-2010 (4)
Most gold medals at one Olympics:
Wang Meng, 2010 (3)

Flagbearer

Summer Games

Winter Games

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

  People's Republic of China profile at London2012.com
 People's Republic of China at Olympic.org

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in China
Hong Kong at the Olympics is a history which began in 1952.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Hong Kong was HOK. It is now HKG.

History
Hong Kong was first at the Olympic Games in 1952, then as a British colony.  Hong Kong has been at every Summer Olympic Games since then except for the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics.  They have also been in the Winter Olympic Games since 2002.

The National Olympic Committee (NOC) for Hong Kong was formed in 1950 as the Amateur Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, and is now known as the Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China.

After the sovereignty of Hong Kong was passed to the People's Republic of China in 1997, the NOC has been named Hong Kong, China. Hong Kong is separate at the Olympics by its own choice.

In 2008, Hong Kong was the site of the equestrian venues for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

Medalists
Competitors from Hong Kong have twice won Olympic medals:

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Further reading

Other websites 
 Hong Kong profile at London2012.com

Sport in Hong Kong
Nations at the Olympics
India at the Olympics is a history which includes 32 games in 19 countries and 800+ athletes. Since 1900, India has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for India is IND.

History
The Indian National Olympic Committee was formed in 1927.  It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1927.

India's team first competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris.

For a period of time, India's men's field hockey team was strong in Olympic competition.  The team won eleven medals in twelve Olympiads between 1928 and 1980.

In the 2012 Summer Olympics at London, India won two silver medals and four bronze medals.

Medalists

Summer games

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes
 Arjuna Award

References

Other websites
 Indian Olympic Association 
 India profile at London2012.com

Sport in India
Nations at the Olympics
Indonesia first competed in the Olympic Games in 1952.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Indonesia is INA.

History
Indonesia was first at the Olympic Games in 1952.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for 1964 and 1980.  Indonesia has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Indonesia was formed in 1946 and recognized in 1952.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 
 Indonesia profile at London2012.com

Sport in Indonesia
Nations at the Olympics
Iran was first at the Olympic Games in 1948.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for 1980 and 1984.  Iran has also been in some Winter Olympic Games since 1956.

The National Olympic Committee for Iran is the National Olympic Committee of the Islamic Republic of Iran.  It was formed in 1947.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by sport

List of medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 
 Islamic Republic of Iran profile at London2012.com

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
The Ciudad del Motor de Aragón, also known as Motorland Aragón, is a  race circuit located near Alcañiz, Spain.

The circuit was designed by the German architect Hermann Tilke. He worked with the British architectural firm Foster + Partners. Formula One driver Pedro de la Rosa helped with the project. He provided technical and sporting information.

The facility includes a technology park, a sports area, and a leisure and culture area. The technology park will be based around the motor industry. The sports area will include the racing circuit, a karting track, and various gravel circuits. The leisure and culture section will feature a hotel, business and shopping areas.

It was announced on May 26, 2008 that the circuit will host a round of the World Series by Renault.

On 18 March 2010, Motorland Aragón was announced as a replacement for the Balatonring on the 2010 MotoGP schedule. On 19 May 2010, it was announced that the circuit will hold a round of the Superbike World Championship.

References

Other websites 
Official site:
Project profile at Fosters and Partners: 
Renault-Sport official site:

Auto racing
Luiz Tadeu Razia Filho (born April 4, 1989 in Barreiras) is a Brazilian racing driver.

Career

Early career 
Razia began his single seater career in 2005 in the South American Formula 3 championship. He finished sixth in the championship. He also took part in the Brazilian Formula Renault 2.0 series, finishing the year tenth in the standings.

For 2006, Razia remained in South American Formula 3 and won the title. He also became a rookie driver for A1 Team Brazil in the 2006–07 A1 Grand Prix season.

Euroseries 3000 
The next year, Razia moved to Europe to race in the Euroseries 3000 championship. He finish third in the Euroseries standings and fourth in the Italian championship. Razia also ran four races in the 2007 World Series by Renault.

In 2008, he remained in Euroseries 3000, partnering Frenchman Nicolas Prost, the son of four-time Formula One World Champion Alain Prost. In the Italian Formula 3000 standings he finished the season in fourth place. He won his first race win at Misano.

GP2 Series 

On October 2, 2008, it was announced that Razia will race for Team Arden in the 2008–09 GP2 Asia Series season. In the final race of the season in Bahrain, Razia claimed his first win.

He signed for Fisichella Motor Sport to compete in the main GP2 Series in 2009 season. At the Autodromo Nazionale Monza, Razia led from pole to take his first GP2 win.

Razia joined the Barwa Addax Team for the 2009–10 GP2 Asia Series season,. He was replaced before the second round, but returned for the final round in Bahrain.

He remained with Rapax for the 2010 season. He finishing eleventh in the drivers' championship. His team-mate, Pastor Maldonado, became the series champion. Razia helped Rapax to claim the teams' title.

As part of his Formula One testing deal with the Lotus team, Razia signed to drive for the new AirAsia team in 2011. He scored no points in the 2011 Asia series.

Formula One 
On December 15, 2009, it was officially announced that Razia would join the new Virgin Racing team as a test driver. In March 2011, Razia was confirmed as reserve and test driver for Team Lotus for the 2011 season. At the  Chinese Grand Prix, Luiz Razia drove in Free Practice Session 1 for Team Lotus, replacing Jarno Trulli.

Racing record

Career summary 

 Season in progress.

Complete GP2 Series results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

 Season in progress.

Complete GP2 Asia Series results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula One results 
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

References

Other websites 
Luiz Razia official site
Luiz Razia career details

1989 births
Living people
Brazilian sportspeople
GP2 Series drivers
Voyeurism is when a person gets sexual pleasure from the fact that they can see other people doing things that are normally private, such as getting undressed, or being naked, or having sex. The people being watched are usually not aware of the voyeur (watcher).  Voyerurism is an important concept in movie.  Some movies can be voyeuristic, even if they do not have sex or nudity in them.

References

Psychology
URL shortening is a technique on the World Wide Web in which a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) may be made substantially shorter in length and still direct to the required page. This is achieved by  using an HTTP Redirect on a domain name that is short, which links to the web page that has a long URL. For example, the URL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL_shortening can be shortened to http://wrapr.co/GvR7j, http://evg.in/az41 or http://evg.in/urlwiki. This is especially convenient for messaging technologies such as Twitter and Identi.ca, which severely limit the number of characters that may be used in a message. Short URLs allow otherwise long web addresses to be referred to in a tweet. In November 2009, the shortened links on one URL shortening service were accessed 2.1 billion times.
Andreas Heraf (born 10 September 1967 in Vienna) is an Austrian football manager and former  football midfielder.

Career
He started his career with SK Rapid Wien but played later for different clubs in Austria (Vienna, Austria Salzburg, Vorwärts Stteyr, FC Kärnten) and Germany (Hannover 96). He was member of Rapids team playing in the 1996 UEFA Cup Winners Cup Final against Paris St Germain in Brussels, which Rapid lost.

His first international match was in April 1996 a friendly match against Hungary. He was member of the 1998 FIFA World Cup team but did not play. His last international was an October 1998 World Cup qualification match against San Marino.

From 2001 till 2008 he was manager of different teams in Germany and Austria. Since 2008 he is coach of Austrias U20 national team, which qualified for the FIFA World Cup 2011 in Columbia.

Honours

as player
Austrian Football Bundesliga (2):
1987, 1988, 1996
Austrian Cup (3):
1987, 1995, 2001

as manager
Qualification for the FIFA U20 World Cup 2011

Austrian footballers
Austrian football managers
Players of the Austrian national football team
1967 births
Living people
Floridsdorfer AC managers
SV Ried managers
Brian Jossie (born July 4, 1977) is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Jossie is currently wrestling in its developmental territory company, Florida Championship Wrestling under the stage name, Abraham Washington. He made his WWE debut on June 30, 2009 on the now-defunct ECW where he had an in-ring interview segment called the Abraham Washington Show under his ring name, Abraham Washington. The shows set-up took place one the stage with Tony Atlas acting as a sidekick and announcer.

References

Websites
Abraham Washington's FCW profile

WWE wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Texas
1977 births
Living people
Tragic Kingdom is the third studio album by the American rock band No Doubt. It was released on October 10, 1995 on Trauma Records. It got No Doubt nominations for Best New Artist and Best Rock Album at the 1997 Grammy Awards. It reached No.1 in the United States and stayed there for eight weeks. It was also No.1 in Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Canada, New Zealand, and Belgium. It was the second best-selling album of the year in the US, and the 22nd best-selling album of the 1990s.

Seven songs from it were released as singles: "Just a Girl", "Spiderwebs", "Don't Speak", "Excuse Me Mr.", Happy Now?", "Sunday Morning", and "Hey You!". "Hey You" was only released in the Netherlands, but a vide was made for it. "Just a Girl" was the first single released from the album. It was released in the UK in 1996 and reached number 38. "Don't Speak" reached No.1 there in February 1997. Then "Just a Girl" was re-released and reached number 3.

List of songs
 "Spiderwebs" (Gwen Stefani, Tony Kanal) – 4:28
 "Excuse Me Mr." (G. Stefani, Tom Dumont) – 3:04
 "Just a Girl" (G. Stefani, Dumont) – 3:29
 "Happy Now?" (G. Stefani, Dumont, Kanal) – 3:43
 "Different People" (Eric Stefani, G. Stefani, Kanal) – 4:34
 "Hey You" (G. Stefani, Kanal) – 3:34
 "The Climb" (E. Stefani) – 6:37
 "Sixteen" (G. Stefani, Kanal) – 3:21
 "Sunday Morning" (Kanal, G. Stefani, E. Stefani) – 4:33
 "Don't Speak" (E. Stefani, G. Stefani) – 4:23
 "You Can Do It" (G. Stefani, E. Stefani, Dumont, Kanal) – 4:13
 "World Go 'Round" (Kanal, G. Stefani) – 4:09
 "End It on This" (G. Stefani, Dumont, Kanal, E. Stefani) – 3:45
 "Tragic Kingdom" (E. Stefani) – 5:31

1995 albums
No Doubt albums
Return of Saturn is the fourth studio album by the American rock band No Doubt, released on Interscope Records on April 11, 2000. It was nominated for Best Rock Album at the 2001 Grammy Awards. Four tracks from it were released as singles. The album entered the US Billboard 200 at No.2. It also reached the top ten in Sweden, Switzerland, Finland, Germany, and Canada.

List of songs
 "Ex-Girlfriend" (Gwen Stefani, Tom Dumont, Tony Kanal) – 3:32
 "Simple Kind of Life" (Stefani) – 4:16
 "Bathwater" (Stefani, Kanal, Dumont) – 4:02
 "Six Feet Under" (Stefani, Kanal) – 2:28
 "Magic's in the Makeup" (Stefani, Dumont) – 4:21
 "Artificial Sweetener" (Stefani, Dumont, Kanal) – 3:54
 "Marry Me" (Stefani, Kanal) – 4:38
 "New" (Stefani, Dumont) – 4:26
 "Too Late" (Stefani, Dumont, Kanal) – 4:16
 "Comforting Lie" (Stefani, Dumont, Kanal) – 2:52
 "Suspension Without Suspense" (Stefani) – 4:10
 "Staring Problem" (Stefani, Kanal, Eric Stefani) – 2:43
 "Home Now" (Stefani, Kanal, Dumont) – 4:34
 "Dark Blue" (Stefani, Dumont) – 10:30

2000 albums
No Doubt albums
University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo, short USP) is a public university of the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Established in 1934, it is the largest Brazilian university as well as one the country's most prestigious universities.

Colleges and universities in Brazil
São Paulo
1934 establishments
1930s establishments in Brazil
Phoneutria is a genus of spiders which are  dangerous to human beings. Their venom is more powerful, drop for drop, than other venoms. They are called "armed spiders" in Portuguese because their venom is a powerful weapon. Their body length goes from 17 to 48 mm (0.7–1.9 in).  

These spiders live in Central America and South America. They hide in the daytime and walk around looking for food at night. So in English they are called 'wandering spiders'. There are several species, and only Phoneutria fera can kill healthy adult humans. People who get bitten by Phoneutria spiders can be given an antivenom. In any event, their degree of toxicity has been challenged. The spiders may be able to control the amount of venom they inject.

There are about eight species in this genus.

References

Spiders
Many tabloid newspapers use a photo of a topless or a naked girl to improve their sales. Very often, this photo is placed on page three of the newspaper; that is where the name of this feature is from. For this reason, the feature is referred to as Page Three or Page 3. The newspaper The Sun, who introduced this in 1970, holds a copyright on the name. The Sun showed a picture of a topless girl on page three. Other newspapers, such as the Daily Star and Daily Mirror had pictures of naked women; The Mirror changed for models in swimsuits after a few years.

Claire Short tried to stop this.She did not want to penalize the depiction of nude women, but she wanted to define a newspaper as a publication that did not show naked or topless men or women. This would have meant that British rainbow press would no longer have been newspapers. She received 3,000 letters supporting the idea. The Sun, and other papers fought against the bill, which was known as Page Three Bill. Eventually, the Bill failed, because it did not get enough support.

There are many women who want to appear as a page three girl. Most of them are unemployed, or come from the working class. Buying make-up and clothes to be able to run as a contestant is very expensive; most of the women can barely afford this alone. Very often, the whole family will help. The best motivation for these women is to be able to start a career as a starlet.

Many girls who started as a page three model later became well-known. Examples are Samantha Fox, Michelle Marsh, andr Lucy Pinder.

Other websites
Page Three girls – the naked truth from the BBC website

References

Newspaper publishing

no:Side 3-piken
Gaius Plinius Secundus (23 AD – 25 August 79 AD), better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian.

Spending most of his spare time studying, writing or investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field, he wrote an encyclopedic work, Natural History ("Naturalis Historia"), which became a model for many subsequent encyclopedic texts. 

Pliny the Elder died on 25 August 79 AD. He was attempting the rescue by ship of a friend and his family from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. The eruption had just destroyed the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum.

Pliny's Natural History 
The Naturalis Historia is one of the largest works to have survived from the Roman Empire to the modern day. It claims to cover the entire field of ancient knowledge, based on the best authorities available to Pliny. He claims to be the only Roman ever to have undertaken such a work. It includes the fields of botany, zoology, astronomy, geology and mineralogy as well as the exploitation of those resources. It remains a standard work for the Roman period and the advances in technology and understanding of natural phenomena at the time. 

Some technical advances he discusses are the only sources for those inventions, such as hushing in mining technology or the use of water mills for crushing or grinding grain. Much of what he wrote about has been confirmed by archaeology. It is virtually the only work which describes the work of artists of the time, and is a reference work for the history of art.

The work became a model for all later encyclopedias in the breadth of subject matter examined, the need to reference original authors, and a comprehensive index list of the contents. The work is dedicated to the emperor Titus, son of Pliny's close friend, the emperor Vespasian, in the first year of Titus' reign. It is the only work by Pliny to have survived, and the last that he published, lacking a final revision at his sudden and unexpected death in the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius.

The Natural History consists of 37 books. Pliny devised his own table of contents. The table below is a summary based on modern names for topics.

References 

History of Europe
Roman people
23 births
79 deaths
Deaths from natural disasters
Encyclopedias
The Russian Organization for Intellectual Property VOIS () is collective management society for neighboring rights established by Russian performers and record labels in 2008.

Today VOIS unites more than 4,000 right-owners.

In 2009 Rosohrankultura (the Ministry of Culture Department) accredited VOIS as the sole society to collect and distribute remuneration for performers and phonogram producers within the territory of the Russia.

Total amount of collected remuneration in 2010 reached about 427 million rubles.

References

Russia
Intellectual property law
Economics organizations
2008 establishments in Asia
Loch is a Gaelic word for lake. It is commonly used in Scotland. The 'ch' at the end is pronounced with a guttural (back of throat) sound which does not occur in modern English. There are also lochs in Ireland, and the word is sometimes used in other countries.

The word is used both for lakes, and for "narrow or landlocked arms of the sea" (OED). Sometimes the term sea loch is used for saltwater lochs. Many other lochs are normal freshwater lakes, like Loch Lomond.

Biggest by surface area: Loch Lomond
Deepest and largest by volume: Loch Ness

Notes 

Geography of Scotland
Bryan Jesus Kelly (born August 20, 1981 in Burke, Virginia) is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Kelly is currently wrestling in its developmental territory company, Florida Championship Wrestling under the stage name, Byron Saxton. He also worked as a commentator for the now-defunct ECW brand where he worked alongside Josh Matthews. He returned to FCW after the ECW brand was replaced by NXT. He was called up to be a part of the fourth season of NXT and his pro was Chris Masters. 

Dolph Ziggler became Saxton's pro on the January 4, 2011 episode of NXT. He was voted off. He returned on the fifth season of NXT where it was NXT Redemption and his pro was Yoshi Tatsu. He was the second rookie to be eliminated.

Other websites
Byron Saxton's WWE profile

1981 births
Living people
WWE wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Virginia
Masiela Lusha (born 23 October 1985) is an Albanian-American actress, author and humanitarian admired for her elegance and charm.
She was born in Tirana, Albania to parents Max and Daniela.

Early life 
She grew in Budapest, Hungary and Vienna, Austria. When she turned eight years old, she and her mother moved to Michigan. There, she studied ballet, and began working as a model and appearing in bit parts in local theatre.

Career 
She got her first major break in 2001, when she was chosen by Sandra Bullock and Bruce Helford to play one of the lead roles in the ABC sitcom George Lopez.

Works 
This led to starring in other films: Time of the Comet (2005) Blood: The Last Vampire (2006), Muertas (2007) Her performances won her two Young Artist Awards for best actress.

As an author, Lusha wrote seven books in two languages. As a humanitarian, Lusha is an animal rights enthusiast and is patron for a number of children's charities.

References

Other websites 
 
 Official web site by the Masiela Lusha Children's Foundation 

1985 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
Albanian people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Rosidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used; the only requirement being that it includes the family Rosaceae.

Rosidae as governed by the ICBN is in the Cronquist system in 1981.

This definition includes Crossosomatales, Geraniales, Myrtales, Fabidae (Celastrales, Cucurbitales, Fabales, Fagales, Huaceae, Oxalidales, Malpighiales, Rosales and Zygophyllales), Malvidae (Brassicales, Huerteales, Malvales, and Sapindales) as they are defined in the APG III system.

Eudicots
Leopold Šťastný  (born 23 May 1911; died 14 May 1996) was a Slovak football player and coach. 

Šťastný  played before the Second World War for  1. ČsŠK Bratislava as defender. The club is named today Slovan Bratislava. The played in the Státní liga, the highest Czech league. In 1935 Bratislava reached the 5th place. In the same year Šťastný  played his first of two match es for the Czech team versus Austria. 

During the Second World War an independent Slovakian state existed with an own football league. Bratislava won the league in  1940, 1941, 1942 and 1944. He also played once in the national football team.

After the war he started his coaching career. He was three times (1949 - 1951, 1954 - 1957 and 1963 - 1965) coach of his former club Slovan Bratislava and won 4 times the Czech championship. 1966 he went to Austria and became coach of FC Wacker Innsbruck and led the club to national honours. 1968 he became coach of the Austrian  national football team.(15 W, 16 D, 18 L)  He stayed till 1975 when he retired due to health reasons. After this he was still working 4 years for the Austrian Football Assosciation. He was founder of the Austrian Schülerliga, a football competition for Austrian schools. 1980 he went to his son in Canada but came back to Austria each year to see the finals of the Schülerliga. To honour his work a small street in Vienna was named after him.

References

Slovak footballers
Austria national football team managers
Wacker Innsbruck managers