cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
David Poole Anderson (May 6, 1929 – October 4, 2018) was an American sportswriter. He was born in Troy, New York. In 1981 he won a Pulitzer Prize for commentary on sporting events. He was the author of 21 books and more than 350 magazine articles.

Anderson died on October 4, 2018 at the age of 89 in Cresskill, New Jersey from heart failure.

References

Other websites

Pulitzer Prize winners
1929 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New Jersey
American columnists
Journalists from New York City
People from Troy, New York
Cresskill is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 8,573.

References

Boroughs in New Jersey
The Imperial Seal of Japan, also called the ,  or , is a crest (mon) used by members of the Japanese Imperial family.

Japan
Japan
William Gale "Will" Vinton (November 17, 1947 – October 4, 2018) was an American animator and filmmaker. He won an Oscar for his work and several Emmy Awards and Clio Awards. He was born in McMinnville, Oregon. Vinton was known for his works The California Raisins, The Adventures of Mark Twain and Return to Oz.

Vinton died of multiple myeloma in Portland, Oregon on October 4, 2018 at the age of 70.

References

Other websites

Vinton Entertainment 
LAIKA, previously Vinton Studios
Freewill Entertainment
willvinton.net, Will Vinton's Claymation and Stopmotion Animation Site

Academy Award winners
Emmy Award winners
1947 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from multiple myeloma
American animators
American movie directors
American screenwriters
American editors
American voice actors
Actors from Portland, Oregon
Writers from Oregon
Clio Award winners
Dawson County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska, and was founded in 1871. As of the 2010 census, 24,326 people lived there. The county seat is Lexington.

1871 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
Yamhill County is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the population was 99,193. The county seat is McMinnville.

References

Oregon counties
The coat of arms of Brazil was adopted on November 19, 1889, four days after Brazil became a republic.

The coat of arms has the central emblem bordered by coffee (at the left) and tobacco (at the right) branches, which are important crops in Brazil.

In the blue circle in the center, the Southern Cross () can be seen. The ring of 27 stars around it represents Brazil's 26 states and the Federal District.

The blue ribbon has the official name of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil — Federative Republic of Brazil) in its first line. In the second line, the date of the federative republic's establishment (November 15, 1889) is written.

19th-century establishments in Brazil
1889 establishments
Brazil
Brazil
The United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA; Spanish: Acuerdo Estados Unidos-México-Canadá, AEUMC; French: Accord États-Unis-Mexique-Canada, AÉUMC) is a free trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States, replacing the previous North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It is the result of the 2017–2018 renegotiation of NAFTA by its member states, which informally agreed to the terms on September 30, 2018, and formally on October 1. The agreement came into effect on July 1, 2020.

Compared to NAFTA, the agreement gives the U.S. more access to Canada's $19 billion dairy market, more domestic production of cars and trucks, increases environmental and labor regulations, and introduces updated intellectual property protections.

References

October 2018 events
September 2018 events
2018 in the United States
2010s in Canada
2018 in Mexico
International organizations
Melvin Harrison Turpin (December 28, 1960 – July 8, 2010), who commonly went by Mel Turpin, was an American professional basketball player.  He played college basketball at the University of Kentucky, and professionally in the NBA for the Cleveland Cavaliers, Utah Jazz and Washington Bullets.  He also played briefly in Liga ACB in Spain.

After a brilliant college career, which saw Turpin set several SEC records, Turpin was considered a draft disappointment in the 1984 NBA draft class, which is considered by many to be the greatest NBA draft class in history (Hall of Famers from the class include Hakeem Olajuwon, Michael Jordan, Charles Barkley, John Stockton and Oscar Schmidt - in the NBA, Jordan performed a rather famous dunk on Turpin).  Turpin's relatively lackluster play in the professional ranks earned him many condescending nicknames, including Dinner Bell Mel and The Mealman.  Other nicknames he obtained over his career include Big Dipper, and in Spain, El Mel and El Mucho Grande.

On July 8, 2010, Turpin committed suicide in his home in Lexington, Kentucky from an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound.

1960 births
2010 deaths
Suicides by firearm in the United States
Cleveland Cavaliers players
Utah Jazz players
Washington Wizards players
People from Lexington, Kentucky
Sportspeople who committed suicide
Washington Bullets players
Marvin Darnell Harrison (born August 25, 1972) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Syracuse University, and was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the first round of the 1996 NFL Draft. He spent all 13 of his NFL seasons with the Colts, most of them with quarterback Peyton Manning, and is widely considered as one of the greatest and most productive wide receivers in NFL history. He earned a Super Bowl ring with the team in Super Bowl XLI over the Chicago Bears.

Harrison was a Pro Football Hall of Fame finalist for the Classes of 2014 and 2015 before being elected in 2016, the same year his former coach Tony Dungy was voted into the Hall.

1972 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
African American players of American football
American football wide receivers
Indianapolis Colts players
"Louie Louie" is a rhythm and blues song written by Richard Berry in 1955 and best known for the 1963 hit version by The Kingsmen. It is a rock standard. "Louie Louie" tells, in simple verse–chorus form, the first-person story of a Jamaican sailor returning to the island to see his lady love.

The Kingsmen's cover recording was the subject of an FBI investigation about the supposed but nonexistent obscenity of the lyrics, an investigation that ended without prosecution.  Ironically, the recording notably includes the drummer yelling "Fuck!" after dropping his drumstick at the 0:54 mark.

While the Kingsmen's version did not top the Billboard chart, it did reach #1 on Cashbox for two weeks, and it was the last #1 before Beatlemania hit the United States with "I Want to Hold Your Hand".  The Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie" is considered the epitome of garage rock and is often considered one of the greatest rock songs of all time.

1950s songs
Hyakutake is a comet. It had the longest found comet tail of any comet, similar to 500 million kilometers.

Comets
Solar System
Benevenuto Daciolo Fonseca dos Santos (born 30 March 1976), known as Cabo Daciolo (Corporal Daciolo in English), is a Brazilian military firefighter and politician. He was born in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. He is a member of Patriota (PATRI). In 2014, he was elected federal deputy from Rio de Janeiro. He wa expelled from PSOL in 2015. 

On 28 March 2018, he was chosen by Patriota as pre-candidate for President of Brazil in the 2018 general election.

References

1976 births
Living people
Brazilian politicians
José Maria Eymael (born 2 November 1939) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer and businessman. He is the founder of the Democracia Cristã (DC), known in English as the Christian Democracy. He was born in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul.

In 1985 Eymael was a candidate for mayor of São Paulo, but lost the election. In 1986 and again in 1990, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil, the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. He ran again for mayor of São Paulo in 1992 but lost again.

He unsuccessfully ran for President of Brazil in the 2018 election under the Christian Democracy party.

References

1939 births
Living people
Brazilian politicians
Brazilian lawyers
Brazilian businesspeople
Quentin Evan Kenihan (27 February 1975 – 6 October 2018) was an Australian disability activist, politician, comedian and actor. He was born with osteogenesis imperfecta, a bone disease in Box Hill, Victoria. He later was the host of a Ten Network television show Quentin Crashes. In 2016, Kenihan was interviewed by Ray Martin in a notable interview that helped Kenihan's recognition. He was best known for his role in Mad Max: Fury Road in the role of Corpus Colossus.

Kenihan was nominated as a councillor candidate for Adelaide at the elections on 9 November 2018.

Kenihan died on 6 October 2018 in Adelaide, South Australia from an asthma attack, aged 43.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1975 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from asthma
Australian activists
Australian movie actors
Politicians from South Australia
Actors from Adelaide
Politicians from Victoria (Australia)
Actors from Victoria (Australia)
Small seal script, or xiaozhuang characters, was the first set of Chinese characters that were made the standard all across China. Previously, each of the Warring States had their own Chinese characters.  People from one state did not understand the characters from another.  When the Qin dynasty (221 BC to 206 BC) conquered the other states, Emperor Qin Shi Huang forced all Imperial China to use Qin characters and Qin units of measurement.  This allowed people all across China to communicate with each other without confusion.

Since the strokes used to write small seal script characters were very long, curvy, and difficult to write quickly, officials of the Han dynasty replaced small seal script with traditional characters, which are still used today in China. However, since small seal characters look very artistic, they can still be seen in Chinese seals and calligraphy today.

Writing systems
Chinese language
Imperial China is a period of Chinese history. It lasted over 2,000 years. It began with Qin Shi Huang's uniting of China under the Qin dynasty in 221 BC. It ended with the overthrow of the Qing dynasty in 1911. Throughout this period, many features of Chinese civilization spread throughout all of China. These included Confucianism, standardized testing, standardized weights and counting systems, trade routes, and Chinese characters. China became known worldwide for all these features. 

Throughout this period, China had been ruled by many different dynasties, or ruling family lines. They included the Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan/Mongol, Ming, and Qing/Manchu dynasties. There were also several periods where China had been ruled by several different kingdoms.

Throughout most of Imperial China, China had been ruled by emperors and empresses who were Han Chinese. However, there were some dynasties where the ruling class was made of Chinese minority groups, such as the Yuan and Qing dynasties. They were ruled by the Mongols and Manchus in that same order.

History of China
A standardized test is a test that is done and scored in a consistent, or "standard", manner. Standardized tests are designed so that everything about them are standard. They are administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner.

Often they are used as a test to join an institution or gain a license of some sort. The grading system is the same no matter where they are taken. They can be used for university entry, like the SAT and ACT in the United States or the Gaokao in the People's Republic of China (PRC). They can be used a requirement to get a job, like the LSAT for lawyers.

In the United States the term is often used for the multiple-choice questions used in the educational system. They are thought by some to be a poor way to measure educational progress. They are, however, convenient and cheap. Marking does not require expertise in the subject-matter.

Many psychological tests are designed to be standardized. They are designed to be "an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior".

The first known standardized test was in Imperial China, when Empress Wu allowed anyone who passed the test to be a government official based on their merit rather than birthright, meaning that people work to become leaders rather than being born into leadership. However, we do not know the details of this system.

References 

Education
Psychology
Tests
La Brabançonne is the national anthem of Belgium. It was written by Frenchman Alexandre Dechet. It currently has official lyrics in Belgium's three official languages- French, Dutch, and German (FR/NL/DE). The French name "Brabançonne" is NOT translated in Dutch and German. Before the main song, "Vive la Belgique" is said in French.

Lyrics

In French 
Noble Belgique, ô mère chérie,

À toi nos cœurs, à toi nos bras,

À toi notre sang, ô Patrie !

Nous le jurons tous, tu vivras !

Tu vivras toujours grande et belle

Et ton invincible unité

Aura pour devise immortelle :

Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté !

Aura pour devise immortelle :

Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté !

Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté !

Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté !

In German 
O liebes Land, o Belgiens Erde,

Dir unser Herz, Dir unsere Hand,

Dir unser Blut, dem Heimaterde,

wir schwören's

Dir, o Vaterland!

So blühe froh in voller Schöne,

zu der die Freiheit Dich erzog,

und fortan singen Deine Söhne:

Gesetz und König und die Freiheit hoch!

In Dutch 
O dierbaar België, O heilig land der Vaad'ren,
Onze ziel en ons hart zijn u gewijd.

Aanvaard ons kracht en het bloed van onze ad'ren,

Wees ons doel in arbeid en in strijd.

Bloei, o land, in eendracht niet te breken;

Wees immer uzelf en ongeknecht, 

Het woord getrouw, dat g' onbevreesd moogt spreken,

Voor Vorst, voor Vrijheid en voor Recht!

Voor Vorst, voor Vrijheid en voor Recht!

Voor Vorst, voor Vrijheid en voor Recht!

Belgium
National anthems
Heartbound is a planned role-playing game for Microsoft Windows, Linux and OS X, developed by an American Indie game developer, Pirate Software.

The game is about a young man called Lore, who struggles with his thoughts, such as depression and anxiety, while trying to find his dog, Baron, who has gone missing.

The game is influenced by the player's actions while playing the game. Performing negative actions, such as feeding Baron rubbish in the beginning of the game, causes Lore to become more evil and negative. Performing positive actions, such as feeding Baron dog food, causes Lore to become more positive himself.

An Alpha version of the game has been released - the full version is planned for release in December 2018.

Gameplay 

Heartbound is similar to another role-playing game, Undertale, in that interactions with the environment causes the game's story to change. According to Pirate Game's website:

"Every time you interact with an object, talk to an NPC, forget to turn off a light-switch, take out the trash, or disregard a sparkly bush the game remembers this and will change subtly for all further interactions. The greatest part about this design is that it already works and is in the current builds of the game. Both minor and major differences are going to pop up throughout the game and give the community something to share with one another. Everything you do matters no matter what kind of player you are or choose to be."

Combat 

Heartbound has a different combat system to most other role-playing games. Instead of attacking enemies based on a statistics system, the player has to complete minigames, which can either deal damage or cause the player to lose health, depending on the exact minigame. Equipment can also be found around the worlds Lore explores, which will increase attack strength or maximum health. Battles are not random - they are supposed to occur at specific points in the game, although some are avoidable if the player goes down certain gameplay routes.

References 

Indie video games
Upcoming video games
Psychological testing of the modern type started about 150 years ago. Francis Galton  (1822–1911)  invented  the  first tests. The American   psychologist James Cattell (1860–1944) studied with Galton and then, in 1890, published a classic paper Mental Tests and Measurements.

The definition of a psychological test is "an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior". The kind of tests which were developed included:
Intelligence tests: how well a person solves problems.
Aptitude tests: how well a person is suited to a particular task or role.
Personality tests: what kind of person an individual is.

Psychologists who give these tests have training and qualifications which tell the employer that they are certified to give the tests and assess (understand) the results.

References 

Tests
Psychology
Hurricane Michael was an Atlantic tropical cyclone. The storm threatened Cuba, northwestern Florida, Georgia and southern Alabama. Michael was the 13th named storm, seventh hurricane, and the second major hurricane of the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the first Category 5 hurricane and the strongest on record to impact the Florida Panhandle, and was the fourth-strongest landfalling hurricane in the United States in terms of wind speed. As Michael became a Category 5 hurricane, the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season became a third consecutive season to feature at least one Category 5 hurricane since Matthew in 2016 and Irma in 2017; this also makes Michael the third straight "M" name to feature as a Category 5 hurricane since Matthew in 2016 and Maria in 2017 as well.

The storm passed near western Cuba on October 7-8.

The storm led to six deaths in Honduras, four in Nicaragua and three in El Salvador.

Michael became a major hurricane on Tuesday, October 9, 2018.

The storm struck near Mexico Beach, Florida in the Florida Panhandle as a borderline Category 5 hurricane, which makes it the first tropical cyclone to make landfall in the United States as a Category 5 hurricane since Hurricane Andrew in 1992. It had a wind speed of 160 mph and a central pressure of 919 millibars. It was originally designated as a high-end Category 4 hurricane with wind speed of 155 mph, but from post-analysis, it was indeed a Category 5 hurricane as originally thought. It was said to be the strongest hurricane to hit Florida since Andrew in 1992 in terms of pressure which it had a central pressure of 922 millibars. It was also the strongest hurricane to hit the United States in terms of pressure since Hurricane Camille in  1969, which had a pressure of 900 millibars.

Retirement 
On March 20, 2019, the World Meteorological Organization retired the name Michael due to extreme and very expensive damage it caused along its track, particularly in the Florida Panhandle and southwest Georgia, and it will never again be used for another Atlantic hurricane. It will be replaced with Milton for the 2024 season.

References

Tropical cyclones in North America
2018 in the United States
History of Honduras
History of Nicaragua
21st century in El Salvador
2010s in Cuba
2010s in Jamaica
October 2018 events
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Unai Emery Etxegoien (; born 3 November 1971) is a Spanish football manager and former player. He last managed Premier League club Arsenal.

References 

1971 births
Living people
Spanish football managers
Spanish footballers
People from the Basque Country
Platoon is a 1986 British-American war movie written and directed by Oliver Stone and produced by Arnold Kopelson. It stars Tom Berenger, Willem Dafoe, Charlie Sheen, Keith David, John C. McGinley, Forest Whitaker and Johnny Depp. 

It is the first movie of a trilogy of Vietnam War movies directed by Stone, followed by Born on the Fourth of July (1989) and Heaven & Earth (1993).

Platoon was the first Hollywood movie to be written and directed by a veteran of the Vietnam War.

Platoon won the Academy Award for Best Picture of 1986; it also won Best Director for Oliver Stone, as well as Best Sound Mixing and Best Film Editing.

References

1986 movies
1980s war movies
American war movies
British war movies
Academy Award winning movies
American independent movies
Movies directed by Oliver Stone
Paul Michael Romer (born November 7, 1955) is an American economist. He is known for creating the endogenous growth theory. He won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2018 alongside William Nordhaus. He was Chief Economist and Senior Vice President of the World Bank until he resigned in January 2018. He had been on leave from his position as professor of economics at the Stern School of Business at New York University.  His father is former Governor of Colorado Roy Romer.

References

1955 births
Living people
American economists
Educators from Denver, Colorado
Scientists from Denver, Colorado
Writers from Denver, Colorado
Far East Air Transport Flight 103, a Boeing 737-200, registration B-2603, departed Taipei Songshan Airport for Kaohsiung on 22 August 1981. The aircraft suffered an explosive decompression fourteen minutes after takeoff and disintegrated.

Summary 
The aircraft had previously lost cabin pressure on 5 August; and earlier on the day of the crash it had departed Songshan Airport but the crew aborted the flight ten minutes later for the same reason. After repairs were made the aircraft departed Songshan Airport again and broke up shortly afterward.

Cause 
Although there was early speculation that the crash was caused by a bomb, an investigation by the Republic of China Civil Aeronautics Board concluded that severe corrosion led to a pressure hull rupture. The severe corrosion was due to the many pressurization flight cycles the aircraft had experienced, and that cracks produced were probably undetected.

The wreckage was scattered across an area of  located some  south of Taipei. All 110 people onboard (110 passengers and crew, including eighteen Japanese citizens (among them Kuniko Mukōda) and two Americans) died.  The accident was Taiwan's worst air disaster at the time, but is now the second-worst, behind China Airlines Flight 676.

Related pages
 Aloha Airlines Flight 243
 China Airlines Flight 611
 Japan Airlines Flight 123

References

 UK CAA Document CAA 429 World Airline Accident Summary (ICAO Summary 4/76)

Other websites

Aviation disasters in the 1980s
Aviation disasters in Asia
1981 in Asia
20th century in Taiwan
August events
James David Wolfensohn, KBE, AO (1 December 1933 – 25 November 2020) was an Australian-American lawyer, investment banker and economist. He was the ninth president of the World Bank Group from 1995 to 2005.

Wolfensohn died in New York City on 25 November 2020 from pneumonia-related problems, aged 87.

References

1933 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Australian lawyers
Presidents of the World Bank Group
Economists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Lawyers from New York City
American economists
Writers from Sydney
Antônio Hamilton Martins Mourão (born 15 August 1953) is a Brazilian politician and retired Army General. He is the Vice President of Brazil since 1 January 2019. He held the highest post a Brazilian Soldier can reach during peace time.  He is also the son of General Antônio Hamilton Mourão and Wanda Coronel Martins. He retired on February 28, 2018.

On May 8, 2018, Mourão announced his membership of the Brazilian Labor Renewal Party (PRTB), and his plans to run for President of Brazil. However, in August of 2018, Mourão became the running mate of right-wing Presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro. They won the second round of the election on 28 October 2018.

Mourão is a controversial person mainly because of his support of the country's 1964–1985 military dictatorship. He has also disagreed with Bolsonaro publicly on many issues. This have led to calls for impeachment from Bolsonaro-supporting members of Congress. Many believe he may not be chosen as Bolsonaro's running-mate in the 2022 election.

References

1953 births
Living people
Vice Presidents of Brazil
Generals
George Taliaferro (January 8, 1927 – October 8, 2018) was a professional American football player. He was the first African American drafted by a National Football League team. He was born in Gates, Tennessee, but raised in Gary, Indiana.

Taliaferro played for the NFL for the New York Yanks from 1950 to 1951, the Dallas Texans in 1952, the Baltimore Colts from 1953 to 1954, and Philadelphia Eagles in 1955.

Taliaferro was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1981.

Taliaferro died at age 91 on October 8, 2018 in Mason, Ohio from heart failure. He also had Alzheimer’s disease.

References

Other websites
 "Indiana Legends: George Taliaferro", Indiana University

1927 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
People with Alzheimer's disease
Indianapolis Colts players
Sportspeople from Tennessee
Sportspeople from Indiana
People from Gary, Indiana
People from Bloomington, Indiana
In the early afternoon of October 6, 2018, a limousine crashed at the New York state routes 30 and 30A north of Schoharie,  west of Albany. The crash killed 20 people: the driver, all 17 passengers, and two pedestrians who were in a nearby parking lot.

It is the worst transportation-related disaster in both the state and the nation since a plane crashed into a house outside Buffalo in 2009, killing 50. It is also the deadliest road transportation disaster in the U.S. since 2005.

The passengers were a group of young adults who were on their way to celebrate one member's 30th birthday at a local winery. Among them were four sisters and two recently married couples. Investigation of the crash has revealed some safety issues with the limousine and driver.

References

2018 disasters
2018 in the United States
2010s in New York (state)
October 2018 events
Road accident deaths in New York
Transport disasters in the United States
Schoharie  is a town in Schoharie County, New York.  The population was 3,299 at the 2000 census. It was first explored by Germans in the 1710s.

On October 6, 2018, a limousine crashed in Schoharie, killing 20 people.

References

Towns in New York
Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit is a 1993 American musical-comedy movie loosely based on the life of Crenshaw High School choir instructor Iris Stevenson, and starring Whoopi Goldberg. Directed by Bill Duke, and released by Touchstone Pictures, it is the sequel to the successful 1992 movie Sister Act. Most of the original cast reprise their roles in the sequel, including Maggie Smith, Kathy Najimy, Wendy Makkena, and Mary Wickes.

Cast 
 Whoopi Goldberg - Deloris Van Cartier / Sister Mary Clarence
 Kathy Najimy - Sister Mary Patrick
 Barnard Hughes - Father Maurice
 Mary Wickes - Sister Mary Lazarus
 James Coburn - Mr. Crisp
 Michael Jeter - Father Ignatius
 Wendy Makkena - Sister Mary Robert
 Sheryl Lee Ralph - Florence Watson
 Robert Pastorelli - Joey Bustamente
 Thomas Gottschalk - Father Wolfgang
 Maggie Smith - Reverend Mother
 Lauryn Hill - Rita Louise Watson
 Brad Sullivan - Father Thomas
 Alanna Ubach - Maria
 Ryan Toby - Ahmal
 Ron Johnson - Sketch
 Jennifer Love Hewitt - Margaret

Release dates 

1993 comedy movies
1990s musical movies
American musical comedy movies
Arnold Carl Harberger (born July 27, 1924) is an American economist. He was born in Newark, New Jersey. Harberger is known for his triangle theory, where the deadweight loss that may be caused by seller monopoly power, taxation. He is also known for his essays about predictions of the American GDP. Arnold C. Harberger earned his B.A. at Johns Hopkins, then went on to received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1950, under Lloyd Metzler, with a thesis on currency devaluation.  After a stint as an instructor at Johns Hopkins,  Harberger returned and joined the Chicago faculty in 1953. His famous 1954 paper introduced the "Harberger Triangles", a measure of the deadweight loss from monopoly, or any degree of industrial concentration. Harberger is frequently referred as the mentor to the "Chicago Boys", the generation of Latin American economists trained under him at Chicago, responsible for introducing free market reforms in many Latin American countries since the 1980s.

References

Other websites
 Video Collection from NewMedia Universidad Francisco Marroquín

1924 births
Living people
American economists
Scientists from Newark, New Jersey
Anne Osborn Krueger (; born February 12, 1934) is an American economist.  She was the World Bank Chief Economist from 1982 to 1986, and the first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 2001 to 2006. She is currently professor of international economics at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in Washington, D.C..

References

Other websites
 Johns Hopkins University SAIS Faculty Website
 Anne O. Krueger, Biographical Information, copyrighted by the International Monetary Fund  A, used under fair use; see 
 Anne O. Krueger Trade Policy and Economic Development: How We Learn The American Economic Review, Vol. 87, No. 1 (Mar., 1997), pp. 1–22 

1934 births
Living people
Managing Directors of the International Monetary Fund
American economists
Scientists from New York
People from Endicott, New York
Alice Mitchell Rivlin (March 4, 1931 – May 14, 2019) was an American economist. She was the U.S. Federal Reserve and budget official. She was Vice Chair of the Federal Reserve, Director of the White House Office of Management and Budget, and founding Director of the Congressional Budget Office. 

She was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution and visiting professor at Georgetown University. Rivlin also co-chaired, with former Senator Pete Domenici, the Bipartisan Policy Center’s Debt Reduction Task Force.

Personal life
Rivlin was of Cornish ancestry. In 1955, she married former Justice Department attorney Lewis Allen Rivlin of the Rivlin family, with whom she had three children; they divorced in 1977.  In 1989, she married economist Sidney G. Winter, Jr. 

Rivlin died on May 14, 2019 in Washington, D.C. from cancer, aged 88.

References

Other websites
Home page at the Brookings Institution

Interview with the Minneapolis Fed
Interview with Federal Reserve
Testimony of Alice Rivlin to Congress, October 5, 1977, on the potential energy savings of urban transportation.  
Alice Rivlin profile at LittleSis
Statements and Speeches of Alice M. Rivlin

1931 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in Washington, D.C.
American economists
Directors of the Office of Management and Budget
Scientists from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Politicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
US Democratic Party politicians
Dale Weldeau Jorgenson (born May 7, 1933) is an American economist. He is the Samuel W. Morris University Professor at Harvard University. He also taught at the John F. Kennedy School of Government. He was Chairman of the Department of Economics from 1994 to 1997. He was born in Bozeman, Montana. In 1978, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

Jorgenson supports carbon tax on greenhouse gas emissions as a means of reducing global warming.

References

Other websites
 Harvard biography
 Senate article
 SAST REPORT: a candid conversation with economist Dale W. Jorgenson about his tax reform proposal

1933 births
Living people
American economists
Educators from Montana
People from Bozeman, Montana
Writers from Montana
Víctor Pey Casado (31 August 1915 – 5 October 2018) was a Spanish-born Chilean engineer, professor, and businessman. He was born in Madrid. Pey turned 100 in 2015. Pey was known as a political advisor to President Salvador Allende.

Pey was persecuted by the military junta and went into exile, not returning until the 1990s. He was a critic of the Pinochet regime. After a 19-year legal lawsuit between Pey and the Chilean government, the case was dismissed without Pey receiving any damages.

Pey died on 5 October 2018 in Santiago de Chile at the age of 103.

References

1915 births
2018 deaths
Centenarians
Chilean scientists
Chilean businesspeople
Chilean educators
Chilean engineers
Political activists
Spanish scientists
Writers from Madrid
Spanish engineers
Spanish educators
Westlake Village is a city in Los Angeles County on its western border with Ventura County. The population was said to be 8,473 in 2014.

Part of the city was split into present day Thousand Oaks, California.

References

Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
Hello Neighbor is a survival horror stealth game developed by Russian game development studio Dynamic Pixels and published by tinyBuild. The aim of the game is for the player to successfully sneak into the basement of their neighbor's house to uncover a secret. The game's artificial intelligence (AI) modifies the neighbor's behavior based on the player's past actions.

A prequel, Hello Neighbor: Hide and Seek, was announced in August 2018 with a planned release in December 2018. Hide and Seek is about the events of the Neighbor's family that caused the Neighbor to become a very private person.

There is currently 13 versions of Hello Neighbor. They include:

 Prototype (This version is unplayable, it was in the announcement trailer.)
 Pre-Alpha (First playable version)
 Alpha 1
 Alpha 1.5 (This was the version shown when Alpha 2 was developing; it is unplayable.)
 Alpha 2
 Alpha 2.5 (This was the version shown when Alpha 3 was developing; it is unplayable.)
 Alpha 3
 Alpha 4
 Beta 1 (First beta of the game, not very popular.)
 Beta 2 (More popular, although it was a buggy mess.)
 Beta 3 (Final version before release.)
 Final release (This was the final version. It was released on December 8th.)

References

2017 video games
Horror video games
Baldi's Basics in Education and Learning (or simply Baldi's Basics) is a free-to-play survival horror indie video game. It was released on March 30, 2018 for PC. Baldi's Basics is a parody. It looks like an educational video game from the 1990s but is a survival Horror game.

Gameplay 
The player must find their friend's seven notebooks, The notebooks are spread throughout the school. The player has to find them without being caught by their teacher, Baldi. Other students and faculty also cause problems for them.  As they play, the player can collect items to help them. 

The game was initially made as an entry in the annual Meta-Game Jam. It received 2nd place. The game became well liked for its humor and strange-looking levels. YouTubers such as Markiplier made videos of themselves playing the game.

Baldi's Basics Plus 
The developer launched a Kickstarter for the game. They asked the public for money.  The game creator said that the full game would be released in late 2019 or early 2020. , 2,176 people gave $61,375. On August 13, 2019, the Baldi's Basics full game demo was released for the public. A Kickstarter Exclusive Demo came out on November 5, 2019.

On March 31, 2020, Baldi's Basics Plus was announced in itch.io. It was a version of the original game with more features. The trailer was posted on May 9, 2020. The game was released on June 12, 2020.

Characters 
 Baldi Baldimore: He is the teacher of the game. He teaches mathematics.
 Principal of the Thing: He is the principal. 
 It's a Bully: He is the bully. He takes items.
 1st Prize: He is a Baldi-themed robot who tries to hug the player.
 Arts and Crafters: He is a sock puppet.
 Playtime: She is a girl who has a jump rope. The player can press space to jump.

References

2018 video games
Android (operating system) games
Horror video games
Indie video games
IOS games
MacOS games
Windows games

en:Baldi's Basics in Education and Learning
The Stanley Parable is an interactive storytelling video game designed by Davey Wreden. The game was originally released on July 27, 2011 as a free modification for Half-Life 2.

A high-definition stand-alone remake, including new story elements, was again designed by Davey Wreden together with Source engine modeler William Pugh and was released on October 17, 2013 for Microsoft Windows. Later updates of the game added support for OS X on December 19, 2013, and for Linux on September 9, 2015.

The player has the opportunity to make numerous decisions on which paths, Stanley the protagonist, to take, and because at times the narrator says what Stanley will do next, the player can choose to ignore the narration and make a different choice. Every choice made by the player is commented on by the narrator, and depending on the choices the player makes, they will encounter different endings to the game before it restarts.

References

Other websites
 

2011 video games
2013 video games
Indie video games
Adventure games
MacOS games
Windows games
Endicott is a village in Broome County, New York, United States. The population was 13,392 at the 2010 census.

References

Villages in New York
Hurricane Kate was an Atlantic tropical cyclone in November 1985. The storm was the last tropical cyclone in the 1985 Atlantic hurricane season to hit the United States.

Kate first struck the northern coast of Cuba as a Category 2 hurricane.

The storm later struck northwestern Florida close to Mexico Beach. It killed over a dozen people. It also caused $700 million in damage. The storm later went into southwestern Georgia.

Kate was the latest tropical cyclone to hit the United States as a hurricane.

References

Hurricanes in Florida
1985 in the United States
In linear algebra, the singular-value decomposition (SVD) is a factorization of a real or complex matrix. It is the generalization of the eigendecomposition of a positive semidefinite normal matrix (for example, a symmetric matrix with positive eigenvalues) to any matrix via an extension of the polar decomposition. It has many useful applications in signal processing and statistics.

Formally, the singular value decomposition of an  complex matrix  is a factorization of the form , where  is an  complex unitary matrix,  is an  rectangular diagonal matrix with non-negative real numbers on the diagonal, and  is an  complex unitary matrix. The diagonal entries  of  are known as the singular values of . The columns of  and the columns of  are called the left-singular vectors and right-singular vectors of , respectively.

The singular-value decomposition can be computed using the following observations:

 The left-singular vectors of M are a set of orthonormal eigenvectors of MM∗.
 The right-singular vectors of M are a set of orthonormal eigenvectors of M∗M.
 The non-zero singular values of M (found on the diagonal entries of Σ) are the square roots of the non-zero eigenvalues of both M∗M and MM∗.

Linear algebra
Abby Lea Finkenauer (born December 27, 1988) is an American politician. She is a member of the United States Democratic Party. She was a member of the United States House of Representatives for Iowa's  from January 3, 2019 until January 3, 2021.

In 2015, she became the member of the Iowa House of Representatives from the 99th district.

In the United States House of Representatives' 2018 election, Finkenauer was the Democratic nominee for Iowa's 1st Congressional District. She won the election. She lost her re-election in November 2020 to Republican Ashley Hinson.

Finkenauer was born in Dubuque, Iowa.

References

United States representatives from Iowa
US Democratic Party politicians
1988 births
Living people
People from Dubuque, Iowa
Thomas Arthur Steitz (August 23, 1940 – October 9, 2018) was an American biochemist. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was a Sterling Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale University. He was also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. 

Steitz was best known for his work on the ribosome. For his work, he won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Ada Yonath.

Steitz died of complications from pancreatic cancer on October 9, 2018 in Branford, Connecticut, aged 78.

References

Other websites

 "Inquisitiveness of Milwaukee native leads to a Nobel Prize", The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
 Thomas Steitz - MIPtalk.com interview
 http://blogs.lawrence.edu/news/2009/10/lawrence_university_graduate_a.html

1940 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in Connecticut
American biochemists
Educators from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Scientists from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Yale University faculty
Carolyn Rexroat Warner (August 2, 1930 – October 9, 2018) was an American Democratic politician. She was born in Ardmore, Oklahoma. 

Warner was the 15th Superintendent of Public Instruction for the state of Arizona from 1975 to 1987. Warner was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Arizona in 1986, but lost to then-State Senator Evan Mecham.

Warner also ran for the United States Senate in 1976, but lost the primary, and was elected Democratic National Committeewoman for Arizona in 2004 and 2008. 

Warner ran a consulting firm called Corporate Education Consulting after leaving public office.

Warner died of cancer on October 9, 2018 in Phoenix, Arizona at the age of 88.

References

Other websites
Official website

1930 births
2018 deaths
Cancer deaths in Arizona
Politicians from Oklahoma
Politicians from Arizona
US Democratic Party politicians
Bessie Lillian Gordy Carter (August 15, 1898 – October 30, 1983) was an American nurse, political activist and humanitarian. She was born in Richland, Georgia. Carter was the mother of former President of the United States, Jimmy Carter. 

She was also known for her works to nursing in her home state of Georgia and as a Peace Corps volunteer in India as well as writing two books during the Carter presidency.

Carter died in Americus, Georgia on October 30, 1983 from bone, pancreatic and breast cancer at the age of 85.

References

1898 births
1983 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Deaths from bone cancer
Deaths from breast cancer
American political activists
American political writers
Humanitarians
People from Plains, Georgia
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Democrats (United States)
Richland is a city in Stewart County, Georgia, United States. The population was 1,794 at the 2000 census.

References

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Americus is a city in Sumter County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 17,041.  Americus is the home of Habitat for Humanity's international headquarters, a humanitarian house building institute built by Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter. Glover Foods and many more well-known organizations.

The city is the county seat of Sumter County.

References

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
DeKalb County ( ) is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 691,893, making it Georgia's fourth-most largest county. Its county seat is Decatur. 10% of Atlanta is in DeKalb county.

References

1820s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1822 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Milwaukee County is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, the population was 947,735 and was about 951,448 in 2016.

It is the largest county in Wisconsin and the 45th in the United States. Its county seat is Milwaukee, which is also the most populous city in the state. The county was created in 1835.

References

 
Wisconsin counties
1835 establishments in Michigan Territory
Waukesha County is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, the population was 389,891, making it the third-most largest county in Wisconsin. Its county seat is Waukesha.

References

Wisconsin counties
Waukesha () is a city in and the county seat of Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States with a population of 72,489 in 2017. It is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. Its population was 70,718 at the 2010 census. From 1846 to 1847, the city was called Prairieville.

References

Cities in Wisconsin
County seats in Wisconsin
West Bend is a city and the county seat of Washington County, Wisconsin, United States. It is in southeastern Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, the population was 31,078.

References

Cities in Wisconsin
County seats in Wisconsin
Warner Saunders (January 30, 1935 – October 9, 2018) was an American news co-anchor. He worked for WMAQ-TV in Chicago. Saunders' primary co-anchor in the NBC 5 evening newscasts was Allison Rosati. He studied at Northeastern Illinois University. He was born in Chicago. Saunders retired in 2009.

Before being an anchor, Saunders was a teacher. His teaching career includes Chicago Public Schools, National College of Education (now National Louis University), Malcolm X College, Northeastern Illinois University, and Indiana University 

Saunders died at a hospital in Lincoln Park, Chicago from a suspected heart attack on October 9, 2018, aged 83.

References

1935 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Chicago
American television news anchors
Educators from Chicago
Television personalities from Chicago
Journalists from Chicago
Pulaski County is a county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. It has a population of 392,664, making it the most populous county in Arkansas. Its county seat is Little Rock, which is also Arkansas's capital and largest city.

Pulaski County was formed on December 15, 1818. The county is named for Casimir Pulaski, a Polish volunteer who saved George Washington's life during the American Revolutionary War.

References

Arkansas counties
1818 establishments in Missouri Territory
In classical antiquity, the cornucopia  (from Latin cornu copiae), also called the horn of plenty, was a symbol of abundance and nourishment, commonly a large horn-shaped container overflowing with produce, flowers or nuts.

Greek mythology
Roman mythology
Symbols
Thanksgiving
Containers
Pre-algebra is a branch of mathematics which is studied typically in American education usually taught in 8th grade to prepare students for algebra 1 and 2, geometry, and other subjects that are taught in high school. It is studied to prepare students for algebra. Pre-Algebra is used to allow students to understand usage of variables and enhance their ability of understanding, reading and creating graphs. Pre-algebra often still deals with basic math, while adding letters, commonly used are x and y.

Subjects students often learn include:

 x and y variables
 ratios
 basic slope
 adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing negative numbers
exponents
proportional relationships
system of equations
scientific notation
graphs and functions
probability 
equalities and inequalities 
geometry        

 Irrational numbers (such as π)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

Pre-algebra is mainly about equations and evaluating what certain variables are. An example is 3y+x-3=y-x+10   say we need to solve for x. we would need to subtract 3y from both sides of the equal sign. So it becomes x-3=10-2y-x next we need to add 3. So x=13-2y-x, and then add x to each side. 2x=13-2y divide each side by 2 so x=-y+13/2.

Szczepanski, Amy F. & Kositsky, Andrew P. 2008. The complete idiot's guide to pre-algebra. Penguin. AFKBender added to this. 

Fields of mathematics
Education