cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Thurgau is a northeast canton of Switzerland. The population is 228,200 (2003). The capital is Frauenfeld.

Geography 
To the north of Thurgau is Lake Constance, across which are Germany and Austria. The river Rhine makes the border in the northwest. To the south is the Canton of St. Gallen; to the west are the cantons of Zürich and Schaffhausen.

The area of the canton is 991 km2 and is usually divided into three hilly areas. One of these is along Lake Constance to the north. Another is inland between the rivers Thur and Murg. The third one makes the southern border of the canton and comes together with the Hörnli mountain in the pre-Alps.

History 
In prehistoric times the lands of the canton were inhabited by people of the Pfyn culture along the lake. During Roman times the canton was part of the province Raetia until in 450 the lands were settled by the Alamanni. It was only in the 8th century that the canton became a political unit similar to what it is known today, as a Gau of the Frankish Empire. At the time, however, the area was not so clearly defined and changed frequently. Overall, the size of the Thurgau was larger, but during the Middle Ages the canton became smaller in size. The dukes of Zähringen and the counts of Kyburg took over much of the land.
The town of Zürich was part of the Thurgau until it became reichsunmittelbar in 1218. When the Kyburg dynasty became extinct in 1264 the Habsburgs took over that land. The Swiss confederation allied with ten freed bailiwicks of the former Toggenburg seized the lands of the Thurgau from the Habsburgs in 1460, and it became subject territory of Zürich.

In 1798 the land became a canton for the first time as part of the Helvetic Republic. In 1803 the canton of Thurgau became a member of the Swiss confederation. The current cantonal constitution dates from 1987.

Economy 
The canton of Thurgau is known for farm produce such as apples, pears, and other fruits and vegetables. The many orchards in the canton are used for the making of cider. Wine is produced in the Thur valley.

There is also industry in the canton of Thurgau. The main industries are printing, clothing and arts and crafts. Small and middle-sized businesses are important for the economy. Many of these are concentrated around the capital.

Demographics 
The population is mostly German speaking. Most of the population are Protestants with the rest being Roman Catholics.

Districts 

The Canton of Thurgau is divided into eight districts, and each is named after its capital:

 Steckborn with capital Steckborn.
 Frauenfeld with capital Frauenfeld.
 Kreuzlingen with capital Kreuzlingen. 
 Weinfelden with capital Weinfelden. 
 Bischofszell with capital Bischofszell. 
 Diessenhofen with capital Diessenhofen.
 Münchwilen with capital Münchwilen.
 Arbon with capital Arbon.

Municipalities 
There are 80 municipalities in the canton (as of April 2004):

References

Other websites 

 Official site 
 Official statistics
Schaffhausen is a town in northern Switzerland and the capital of the canton of the same name. It has a population of about 36,000 as 2016.

The old portion of the town has many fine Renaissance era buildings decorated with exterior frescos and sculpture, as well as the impressive old canton fortress, the Munot. A train runs out of town to the nearby Rhine Falls in Neuhausen am Rheinfall, Europe's largest waterfall, a tourist attraction.

History 
Schaffhausen was a city state in the Middle Ages, documented to have struck its own coins starting in 1045. For a time it was under Habsburg domination, but regained its independence in 1415. It allied itself with Zürich in 1457, and became a full member of the Swiss Confederation in 1501. The first railroad came to Schaffhausen in 1857.

Schaffhausen is in a finger of Swiss land surrounded on three sides by Germany. On April 1, 1944, Schaffhausen suffered a bombing raid by United States Army Air Forces aircraft which strayed from German airspace into neutral Switzerland. While the United States immediately offered four million dollars in reparations, the raid occurred only a month after the Swiss Air Force had shot down an American bomber.

In 1947 it merged with the former municipality of Buchthalen. In 1964 it merged with the former municipality of Herblingen. Since 2009, Hemmental has been part of the town.

Industry 
Schaffhausen has some well-known industrial companies (Georg Fischer) in piping systems, machine tools and automotives, one internationally-reputed watches manufacturer (IWC), and drug industry (Cilag, founded by Bernhard Joos).

References

Other websites 

 City of Schaffhausen 
 Schaffhausen Tourism 
 City archives 
 U.S. Bombings of Switzerland during World War II 

 
Imperial free cities
Usury is lending money for interest. Nowadays it usually means lending at a high, often extortionate rate of interest on a loan.

Usury is illegal in many parts of the world.  In muslim countries charging any interest at all is strictly illegal.

Some people argue that this is against the Old Testament, especially Exodus and Deuteronomy which states that those who lend to someone in need will be blessed, but the point about usury is the high levels of interest, not the act of lending in itself.

Aristotle also condemned usury as "contrary to nature" in his book on Politics, because it increases by itself and makes money without labour.

Notes 

Types of crime
Property crimes
John Lewis Bates (September 18, 1859–June 8, 1946) was born in  Massachusetts.

He was a Republican, and was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1894 to 1899; from 1897 to 1899 he was Speaker of the House. From 1900 to 1903 he was Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts.

In 1902, Bates was elected Governor, holding office from 1903 to 1905. Bates then retired to his private law practice in Boston. From 1917 to 1919 Bates was a delegate to the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention.

Bates was a member of the American Bar Association, the Freemasons, the Odd Fellows, and Beta Theta Pi.

Other websites
Official Commonwealth of Massachusetts Governor Biography 

US Republican Party politicians
Governors of Massachusetts
1859 births
1946 deaths
Lieutenant Governors of Massachusetts
Leuk (French Loèche) is a municipality of Switzerland and is the capital city of the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

Since it controls access to the Gemmipass, it had some importance from the time of Roman Raetia. The Leukerbad hot baths are just North of Leuk, towards the pass.

Loèche houses the installations of Onyx, the Swiss interception system for electronic intelligence gathering.

On 1 January 2013 the former municipality of Erschmatt merged into the municipality of Leuk.

References

Other websites 
http://www.leuk.ch 

Municipalities of Valais
Cities in Switzerland
Raron is the capital city of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of Valais
Goms is a district of the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It includes the following municipalities:

 Bellwald 
 Binn 
 Blitzingen 
 Ernen 
 Fiesch 
 Fieschertal 
 Grafschaft 
 Lax 
 Münster-Geschinen 
 Niederwald 
 Obergesteln 
 Oberwald 
 Reckingen-Gluringen 
 Ulrichen

Districts of Valais
Shavo Odadjian () (born April 22 1974, Yerevan, Armenia as Shavarsh Odadjian) is the bassist for the Armenian American-based alternative metal band, System of a Down. He also scored summer blockbuster hit, "Babylon, A.D." alongside with The Rza and Hans Zimmer. He is a multi-instrumentalist, painter, DJ, and director.

Biography 
In his youth, Shavo used to spend his time skateboarding and listening to punk rock and heavy metal music. He started managing the band Soil with Malakian and Tankian in 1993 after meeting them in a recording studio. In 1995, Shavo became the permanent bassist of the band. They then named themselves "System of a Down" after a poem titled "Victims of a Down" authored by bandmate Daron Malakian.

Odadjian is a popular DJ in the LA area met by "Dj Tatic", taking part in such events as the "Rock/DJ Explosion" on March 2 2001 at The Roxy in Hollywood and collaborating with bandmate Tankian on SerArt, the singer's side project with Armenian musician Arto Tunçboyacıyan.

Discography

System of a Down
 1998: System of a Down
 2001: Toxicity
 2005: Mezmerize
 2005: Hypnotize

Achozen
 2008: Untitled

Awards
 In 2006, System of a Down won their first Grammy for Best hard rock performance for B.Y.O.B.
 In 2006, they won the "MTV Good Woodie Award" for their song "Question!"
 In 2006, they were #14 on the VH1 Top 40 Metal Songs with "Toxicity"
 In 2007, they were nominated for a Grammy Award in Best Hard rock performance for their song Lonely Day

Other websites
 Shavo's MySpace page
 The Official System of a Down Site
 Shavo's page at SOADFans 
 Shavo's page at SOADTalk 
 Achozen's Myspace page

1974 births
Living people
Bassists
Armenian diaspora
DJs
Sloths are Xenarthran mammals from Central and South America. They are part of the order Pilosa. There are two families of sloths: two-toed sloth and three-toed sloth. Most scientists call these two families the Folivora, while some call them the Phyllophaga. They live in trees, but in the past there were giant ground sloths.

The biogeographic origins of the Pilosa is still unclear, but they can be traced back in South America as far as the early Tertiary, about 60 million years ago. The presence of these animals in Central America is explained by the Great American Interchange.

Physical description 
Many sloths are about the size of a small dog and they have short, flat heads. Their hair is grayish brown but, at times they look grey-green in color because they move so slowly that tiny camouflaging algae grow all over their coats. They have hook-like claws on their arms and legs to keep them attached to trees.

Life 
Sloths are active at night and sleep curled up with their head placed between the arms and the feet drawn close together, or hanging upside down with the help of their hook- like claws. This disguises them as part of a tree so that its enemies like the jaguar do not see them. Sloths rarely climb down from the trees, and when they are on the ground they can only crawl awkwardly. However, when there is a forest flood, they are very good swimmers. Sloths can live for up to 30 years. They mostly just eat leaves and flowers, which take a very long time to digest. Sloths move slowly; their name comes from the word "slow".

Related pages
 Megatherium
 Ground sloth

References 

Xenarthrans
The district of Delémont is one of three districts in Jura, Switzerland. Its capital is the city of Delémont. The district is nearly all French-speaking and is home to a population of 35,175 (end of 2005).

Delémont is divided into 28 municipalities:

Districts of Jura
Xavier Rudd (born 1978) is an Australian musician. He grew up in the small town of Torquay, Victoria, Australia. When Rudd was young, he learned to play the didgeridoo on a vacuum cleaner hose. 

Rudd is known for playing at music festivals and concerts in Australia and in North America. He has many fans in Australia, his home, as well as Canada, where he has recorded a few live albums. 

Some of his songs have political themes that deal with the father of 3 sons environment and the rights of Aboriginal Australians.

Personal life
Rudd is a father of three sons, Joaquin, Finojet, and Jundi. A husband to his wife, Ashley Freeman.. 

Rudd also describes himself as a full-time "barefooter", which means that he does not own any shoes or other footwear. Rudd is also a vegetarian.

Discography

Studio albums
 To Let (2002)
 Solace (2004)
 Food in the Belly (2005)
 White Moth (2007)
 Dark Shades of Blue (2008)
 Koonyum Sun *with Izintaba (2010)
 Spirit bird (2012)

Live albums
 Live in Canada (2001)
 Live at the Grid (2003)
 Good Spirit (2005)

References

Other websites
 Xavier Rudd web site
 Xavier Rudd Tour Dates and Gossip 
 Live Shows on archive.org
 Live concert from Amsterdam on Fabchannel
 Undercover news story 
 Xavier Rudd Article
 Xavier Rudd interview at Bonnaroo 2007 

1978 births
Living people
Australian singers
Musicians from Victoria (Australia)
Australian guitarists
Didgeridoo players
Banjo players
Blues guitarists
Australian folk musicians
Nicolás de Ovando (Brozas, 1460 – Seville, 1511) was a Spanish soldier from a noble family and a knight of the Order of Alcántara. He was governor of Hispaniola from 1502 until 1509.

Early life
Nicolas de Ovando was born in 1460 in the town of Brozas, in Extremadura, Spain. His family was very religious and, when young, he joined the military religious Order of Alcantara where, in 1478, he was named Comendador de Lares (Commander of Lares), a very important position in the Order.

Governor of Hispaniola
As Commander of Lares, he was very appreciated by the Spanish Catholic Kings and, in particular, by Queen Isabella. On 3 September 1501 (Oviedo said in 1502), he was named as Governor of Hispaniola and of all lands discovered in America.

On 13 February, 1502 he went out of the port of Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain to go to the Hispaniola island with a fleet of 32 ships. On the fleet, there were 2,500 people, including priests, soldiers and colonists (some of them with their families), who were going to live in the Hispaniola. Among those colonists was Bartolomé de las Casas, later known as the Protector of the Indians, and also Francisco Pizarro, who conquered the Inca Empire.

The plan of Ovando was to develop the West Indies economically and expand the Spanish influence in the region.

Ovando got in Santo Domingo on 15 April 1502.

Administration
The administration of Ovando in Hispaniola was one of great cruelty toward the Taíno Indians. When the Spaniards came to the island in 1492, the native population was 400,000 (estimated) but in 1508 there were only 60,000 Indians.

Because the new colonists needed more workers for the gold mines and farms, they brought, as slaves, Indians from the Lucayas (now, the Bahamas) islands. Then they brought slaves from Spain (Ladinos, that is, of Africa origin but born in Spain); those were the first African slaves brought to America.

Ovando founded several cities (or ordered their foundations) on Hispaniola, among them: Compostela de Azua (or Azua de Compostela), Santa María de la Vera Paz, Bayajá (today, Fort Liberté, in Haiti), Salvatierra de la Sabana (today, Les Cayes, in Haiti), Salvaleón de Higüey, Cotuí, Puerto Plata, Santa Cruz de Hicayagua (today, Santa Cruz del Seibo, Dominican Republic).

Ovando sent Andrés Morales to explore completely the Hispaniola island. Morales made the most complete map of the island. Sebastián de Ocampo was sent to find out if Cuba was an island or part of the continent; after 8 or 10 months, Ocampo came back with the information that Cuba was an island. In 1508, Juan Ponce de León was sent with 50 men to conquer the island of San Juan (now the island of Puerto Rico).

In 1509, Ovando went back to Spain where he was made Comendador Mayor ("Head Commander") of the Order of Alcantara. During a meeting of the Order in Seville, Spain, he died on 29 May 1511 (Oviedo said in 1518). He was buried in the Church of San Benito, in the city of Alcántara, Extremadura, Spain.

References

1460 births
1511 deaths
History of the Dominican Republic
16th century in Spain
People from Extremadura
Spanish military people
History of Haiti
Abelsonite (nickel porphyrin) is a mineral that can be pinkish-brown, purple, or reddish-brown in colour and is formed from porphyrin crystals. It is platy (made in plates like mica) and fragile. 

Porphyrins are organic ring compounds like haeme, the pigment in red blood cells.

It is found in the Green River Formation of Utah, in the United States.

References 

Minerals
You might be looking for the general usage of Meme.

An internet meme is something famous on the internet such as an image, a video, or even a person. Internet memes are usually created when someone published something and that thing was shared widely over the Internet. They sometimes consist of an image with top and bottom text. While spreading over the internet, most internet memes 'evolve' over time, with the original image/video being changed in one way or another by people other than the creator. Every internet meme evolves and has many variants. See: Memes

Two other versions of Internet memes are "dank memes" and "dead memes". Dank memes are thought of as relevant and funny. Dead memes are thought of as not relevant or not funny, most of which haven't been uses in months or years. Dead memes, however, can become dank memes if used properly. 

Some websites where internet memes can be shared include Reddit, 4chan, 9gag, and IFunny. A popular chatting service where internet memes can be shared is Discord, an instant messaging and communication platform. Memes on Discord are shared through images, videos, and GIFs, although these methods aren't only limited to Discord.

Types of Memes 
There are many different types of internet memes. They include the following types.

Normie Meme 
A normie meme is a meme that uses intentionally bad, unfunny, or low-quality content to joke about said content. Some parodies could also be called normie memes, but those are another thing entirely.

Dank meme 

A dank meme is a meme that makes no sense, similar to an normie meme. Dank memes, however, are usually very strange, involving seemingly random concepts that have been established in internet culture.

some dank memes can be offensive like the troll meme and forever alone memes while other dank memes are not.

Shock Meme 
A shock meme is a meme that is either racist, sexist or offensive to a race of people, These memes often include societal status, videos where random jump scares and/or loud noises suddenly happen, hobbies, or anything at all.

An example of a shock memes are memes involving suicide. When searching for "suicide memes" on Google, the first results will be suicide hotlines. The search engine is assuming the person searching was contemplating suicide, when in fact they were just searching for memes.

Video Meme 
A video meme is a meme spread through video sharing sites such as YouTube, Vimeo, and Twitch. Short videos can also be shared on social media services that supports video, such as TikTok, Reddit, and Facebook.

Related pages
 Meme
 Bernie Sanders' Dank Meme Stash
 We Are Number One
 Figure of speech
Lolcats
Morris Gleitzman (born 9 January 1953 in England) is one of Australia's most successful children's writers. Morris Gleitzman began writing as a screenwriter and enjoyed success writing for the Norman Gunston Show on Australian television. He has also written for the Governor-General of Australia and Rolf Harris.

Career 
Morris Gleitzman has had much success with his children's stories. They have been published in 14 countries around the world including the United States, United Kingdom, France and Australia. Some of his most successful books include Misery Guts, Worry Warts, Blabber Mouth, Belly Flop and Puppy Fat. He was born in England, on  9 January 1953. 

He had dropped out of school by the age of 16 to live "the hippie dream" and by the time he had moved to Australia was writing many short stories that would later become a reality and turn his small life into a big meaningful life.

His most successful book is Two Weeks With the Queen.

Published books

References

Other websites 
 Official website

1953 births
Living people
Australian children's writers
Australian screenwriters
British children's writers
English screenwriters
Writers from Lincolnshire
A Coaxial cable is a special electrical cable. It is used to transmit signals. The cable is specially insulated. This makes it quite stiff. Today, coaxial cables are used for things like Cable TV. Coaxial cables can also be used for computer networks, but this became rare in the 21st century, as twisted pair cables can be used more easily. 

Such cables are usually made of a conducting wire. Then there is some insulation, then there is another layer of conducting material. Finally there is the (insulating) mantle. Such cables are used as a high-frequency transmission line to carry a high-frequency or broadband signal. Because the electromagnetic field carrying the signal exists (ideally) only in the space between the inner and outer conductors, it cannot interfere with or suffer interference from external electromagnetic fields.

There are different types of coaxial cables, which satisfy different standards.

Timeline 
1880 — Coaxial cable patented in England by Oliver Heaviside, patent no. 1,407.
1884 — Siemens & Halske patent coaxial cable in Germany (Patent No. 28,978, 27 March 1884).
1894 — Oliver Lodge demonstrates waveguide transmission at the Royal Institution.
1929 — First modern coaxial cable patented by Lloyd Espenschied and Herman Affel of AT&T's Bell Telephone Laboratories.
1936 — First closed circuit transmission of TV pictures on coaxial cable, from the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin to Leipzig.
1936 — World's first underwater coaxial cable installed between Apollo Bay, near Melbourne, Australia, and Stanley, Tasmania. The 300 km cable can carry one 8.5-kHz broadcast channel and seven telephone channels.
1936 — AT&T installs experimental coaxial telephone and television cable between New York and Philadelphia, with automatic booster stations every ten miles. Completed in December, it can transmit 240 telephone calls simultaneously.
1936 — Coaxial cable laid by the General Post Office (now BT) between London and Birmingham, providing 40 telephone channels.
1941 — First commercial use in USA by AT&T, between Minneapolis, Minnesota and Stevens Point, Wisconsin. L1 system with capacity of one TV channel or 480 telephone circuits.
1956 — First transatlantic coaxial cable laid, TAT-1.

References

Other websites 
 Coaxial Cable Specifications 
 What does "RG-6" mean?
 Coaxial Cable FAQ Wire Guide 
 Coaxial Cable Selection Guide 
 Is There an Ideal Impedance? — Wired for Sound: Steve Lampen 

Signalling
The , commonly called the Seven Lucky Gods in English, refer to the seven gods of good fortune in Japanese mythology and folklore. They are often the subject of netsuke carvings.

Each has a traditional characteristic:

Ebisu, god of fishers or merchants, often shown carrying a cod or sea bass.
Daikokuten (Daikoku), god of wealth, commerce and trade. Ebisu and Daikokuten are often paired and represented as carvings or masks on the walls of small retail shops.
Bishamonten, god of warriors.
Benzaiten (Benten-sama), goddess of knowledge, art and beauty, especially music.
Fukurokuju, god of happiness, wealth and long life.
Hotei, the fat and happy god of abundance and good health.
Jurōjin (Gama), god of long life.

Many figures in Japanese myth were transmitted from China (some having entered China from India), including all of the Seven Lucky Gods except Ebisu. Another god, Kichijōten, goddess of happiness, is sometimes found depicted along with the seven traditional gods, replacing Jurōjin. 

The seven gods are often pictured on their ship, the Takarabune (宝船), or "Treasure Ship."  The tradition says that the seven gods will arrive in town on the New Year and distribute fantastic gifts to worthy people.  Children often receive red envelopes bearing the Takarabune which contain gifts of money around the New Year.  The Takarabune and its passengers are often shown in art in different locations, from the walls of museums to cuddly caricatures.

References in popular culture

 Happy Seven is an anime about a school club made up of seven girls, having each one a different power of the Seven Gods of Fortune.
 The Seven Gods of Fortune appear in the video game Pocky & Rocky 2 for the Super Nintendo.
 The main group of villains in the Ranma 1/2 movie Big Trouble in Nekonron, China call themselves the Seven Lucky Gods Martial Artists and are based on them, but with different names.
 A song with the name 七福神 with a background movie parodying the Seven Gods of Fortune is available in Drummania V3 
 A character in Dan Brown's Deception Point prays to the "seven deities of good luck" at one point, but uses the term shichigosan, which refers to the festivals for children of the ages of seven, five, and three.
 Pink film directors Toshiya Ueno, Shinji Imaoka, Yoshitaka Kamata, Toshiro Enomoto, Yuji Tajiri, Mitsuru Meike and Rei Sakamoto are known collectively as the .

Notes

Other websites 

Information on Japanese deities

Japanese folklore
Japanese deities
Seventeen is a number. It comes between sixteen and eighteen, and is an odd number.  It is also the 7th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 13. In Italy, 17 is considered an unlucky number.

In Roman numerals, 17 is written as XVII.

Integers
Prime numbers
Pectin is a food supplement. It is a source of dietary fiber. It is used to make jellies and jams. Usually it comes in the form of a white powder. It is made from parts of fruit, like oranges. People use pectin to thicken things, like jelly and jam. 
 
Food supplements
It is also seen as a large polysaccharide molecule found in the cell wall of many cells.
Pectobacterium carotovorum (syn Erwinia carotovora) is a rod-shaped bacterium originally isolated from carrots. It is a plant pathogen and opportunistic human pathogen, causative agent of soft rot and blackleg potato (P. atrosepticum) diseases.

PectobacteriaHauben, L., E. R. B. Moore, L. Vauterin, M. Steenackers, J. Mergaert, L. Verdonck, and J. Swings. 1998. Phylogenetic position of phytopathogens within the Enterobacteriaceae. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 21:384-397

P. carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum, blackleg agent
P. carotovorum subsp. betavasculorum,
P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, soft rot
P. carotovorum subsp. odoriferum,
P. carotovorum subsp. wasabiae,
P. cacticidum,
P. chrysanthemi, (new classification as Dyckeya chrysanthemi)
P. cypripedii.

Sources

Waldee E.L. 1945 Comparative studies of some peritrichous phytopathogenic bacteria. Iowa State Journal of Science,  19, 435-484.

References

Other websites

Young, J. M., Saddler, G. S., Takikawa, Y., De Boer, S. H., Vauterin, L., Gardan, L., Gvozdyak, R. I. & Stead, D. 1996. Names of plant pathogenic bacteria 1864–1995. Rev. Plant Pathol. 75, 721–863
Mee-Ngan Yap, Jeri D. Barak, and Amy O. Charkowski 2004 Genomic Diversity of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and Its Correlation with Virulence Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70, 3013-3023
 List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature 

Gram-negative bacteria
Jesus with erection is a picture that was made by students at the University of Oregon and published in the March 2006 edition of the Student Insurgent. It caused debates in the United States in 2006. The picture shows a naked Jesus Christ on the Cross with an erection.

Context
In 2005 the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The paper said that this was to add to the debate about criticism of Islam and self-censorship. Danish-Muslims said that they did not like them because Islam teaches that it is wrong for people to make any picture of Muhammad and also because they felt that the pictures showed disrespect to Muhammad. This led to protests in many Islamic countries, some of which became violent  and led to more than 100 deaths.

The students of the University of Oregon said that they made the pictures of Jesus because they want to show how people who are religious feel when people make pictures that may be offensive to Jesus. They wanted to get Muslims and Christians to talk and understand each other better.

Reactions 
Some people disliked the picture of Jesus with erection. The president of the Catholic League, William Donohue, said that the president of the Oregon University, Dave Frohnmayer, is partially responsible for the pictures. William Donohue said that the picture was one of the worst attacks on Christianity he had ever seen. Other people who disliked the picture said that the University's President David B. Frohnmayer should not work for the University any more. However, the Oregon Daily Emerald and the Oregon Commentator, said that the students' right to free speech and the University's decision to defend the student newspaper, citing the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States like the Southworth case. This case said that universities could support student groups (such as newspapers) that other students did not agree with without hurting the rights of the students who do not like the groups.

Related pages
Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy

References

Other websites
The Student Insurgent Online

Controversies
2006 in the United States
21st century in Oregon
The P-39 Airacobra was a fighter aircraft made by Bell Aircraft. It first flew in 1939, and was introduced in 1941. While it had good weapons, it was known for being very unstable and could lose control easily. It was fast but not very good above 5000 m (15,000 feet) as it lacked turbocharger. The Soviet Union used it during World War II as a fighter interceptor as most air battles at the Eastern front were fought at low heights. Very near the ground the Airacobra became extremely maneuverable and could out-turn any German airplane. The Russians liked the plane, and they often removed the wing guns to make it even more maneuvreable. Several Soviet pilots became fighter aces on P-39. The main weapon of P-39, a 37 mm cannon, was so powerful that it could destroy almost any airplane on a single hit.

The pilot who scored the most aerial victories was Grigori Rechkalov of the Soviet Air Force. He shot down 57 Germans with Airacobra. His squadronmate Aleksandr Pokryshkin had 59 victories, of which 47 were with Airacobra.

The P-39 was different from most aircraft in World War II. It had "tricycle" landing gear, doors that opened like a car (pilots would climb out of most fighters of the time) and the engine was behind the pilot. The "Q" version could go 375 miles per hour (600 km/h), had four 12.7mm machine guns, and one 37mm cannon.

Notes

References

Other websites 

United States Army aircraft
P-39
Soviet military aircraft
Royal Air Force aircraft
World War II American aircraft
Air Canada is Canada's largest airline. It flies from Canada to the United States, Europe, Asia, Australia, and some Caribbean countries. Air Canada began on September 1, 1937. It was first called Trans-Canada Air Lines. The first flight was from Vancouver to Seattle. The airline's name changed to Air Canada in 1964. Air Canada was privatized in 1989. A large strike was launched by Air Canada pilots in September 1998. Air Canada bought Canadian Airlines in 2000. Since the early 2000s Air Canada has had many financial problems.

Fleet
Air Canada's fleet includes:
 Embraer 190
 Airbus A319
 Airbus A220
 Airbus A320
 Airbus A321
 Airbus A330
 Boeing 737 MAX 
 Boeing 767
 Boeing 777
 Boeing 787 Dreamliner

Air Canada has ordered the Boeing 737 MAX airplanes for the future. It is still receiving more Embraers and Boeing 787s. In the past, Air Canada had Airbus A340s, Boeing 727s, Boeing 737s, Boeing 747s, Douglas DC-8s, Douglas DC-9s and Embraer 170s.

Gallery

References

1965 establishments in North America
1960s establishments in Canada
Airlines of Canada
Companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange
Star Alliance
IATA members
Actinolite is a mineral that can be green, green-black, gray-green, or black in color and is made of crystals.  It is common around the world.  The environment it lives in is in metamorphic rocks.  It is named after the Greek word aktinos (meaning "ray") because of the nature of Actinolite.  Actinole is not radioactive.

References

Minerals
Cesc Fàbregas (born May 4, 1987) is a Spanish football player. He plays as a midfielder for Monaco in the Ligue 1.
Fàbregas started playing football at Barcelona. In 2003, when he was just 16 years old, he signed with Arsenal. 
He was named as the new captain of Arsenal in November 2008, after William Gallas lost the captaincy. He also plays for the Spanish national team since he was 19. He signed for Chelsea FC in June 2014.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="7"|Arsenal||rowspan="7"|Premier League||0||0||0||0||3||1||0||0||3||1
|-
|2004/05||33||2||6||0||1||0||5||1||45||3
|-
|2005/06||35||3||0||0||1||0||13||1||49||4
|-
|2006/07||38||2||2||0||4||0||10||2||54||4
|-
|2007/08||32||7||2||0||1||0||10||6||45||13
|-
|2008/09||22||3||1||0||0||0||10||0||33||3
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
160||17||11||0||10||1||48||10||229||28
160||17||11||0||10||1||48||10||229||28
|}

International career statistics

References 

1987 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Arsenal F.C. players
Chelsea F.C. players
Misery Guts is a book by the award winning Australian author Morris Gleitzman.

This is a story about a kid named Keith who lives in London and his parents who own a fish and chip shop. This parents for a long time have not had many customers. Keith is dedicated to trying to make the store better and cheer up his parents so they won't be Misery Guts for the rest of their lives. He tries everything including some crazy stunts.

The story continues in the hilarious sequel Worry Warts.

The book did not sell very well. As of November 2007, the "Misery Guts/Worry Warts" combination was ranked #3,465,204 in books sold by Amazon. A television series was made based on this book.

References

Other websites 
 Misery Guts on Amazon.com
 

1998 books
Children's books
Brett Lee (born 8 November, 1976 in Wollongong, New South Wales) is an Australian cricketer. He has played for the Australian national cricket team and New South Wales Blues. He has taken more than 300 wickets. Brett is a very fast bowler, one of the fastest the cricket world has known. His fastest delivery was . Lee won the Donald Bradman Young Player of the Year Award at the Allan Border Medal award ceremony in 2000 soon after his debut and has gone on to win many awards and a few tournaments.

He is the second of 3 boys and first played cricket with his brothers.

References
Profile

Australian cricketers
Sportspeople from New South Wales
1976 births
Living people
Wollongong
An arsenal is a place where guns and ammunition are made, repaired or stored. 

Some arsenals include:

The Kyiv Arsenal factory in Kyiv, Ukraine, which gave its name to the Kyiv Arsenal mutiny of 1918 (also known as the January Rebellion).
The Arsenal in the Moscow Kremlin.
L'Arsenal, now a quarter in Paris.
The Rock Island Arsenal, Rock Island, Illinois, United States.
The Warsaw Arsenal
The Woolwich Arsenal, London, UK.
The Venetian Arsenal, Venice, Italy.
Arsenal, Arkansas
Arsenal de l'Aéronautique, French military aircraft manufacturer

Several places, landmarks and buildings have been named after arsenals:

The Arsenal Center for the Arts in Watertown, Massachusetts, United States.
Several places called Arsenal Hill.
The Arsenal Oak in Augusta, Georgia, United States.
Arsenal Street in Hong Kong.

Arsenal is used in the name of several football clubs:

Arsenal F.C., from North London.
Arsenal de Sarandí, from Avellaneda, Argentina.
Arsenal L.F.C., a women's football club from London
FC Arsenal Kyiv, from Kyiv, Ukraine.
FC Arsenal Kharkiv, from Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Berekum Arsenal, from Berekum, Ghana.
Arsenal FC, from Roatan, Honduras.
Arsenal Tula, from Tula, Russia.
Arsenal Wanderers, from Mauritius.
FK Arsenal, from Montenegro.
FK Arsenal, from Serbia.
Arsenal (Maseru), from Maseru, Lesotho.

In arts, music and culture, Arsenal can refer to:

Arsenal, a Ukrainian film from 1928.
The Arsenal Stadium Mystery a British murder mystery film from 1939.
Your Arsenal, a 1992 album by Morrissey.
Arsenal of Megadeth, a compilation album by Megadeth.
In comic books, Arsenal is an alias of Roy Harper, the original Speedy (sidekick to Green Arrow).
The "Arsenal of Democracy" is a famous fireside chat by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940.
"The Arsenal of Freedom", an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation.
Arsenal (band) is the name of a Belgian music band.
Arsenal (Chicago band), another band.

There are also several man-made objects with Arsenal in their name:

The Arsenal, an automobile manufactured in the late 1890s.
The Arsenal VG-33, a WW2 French fighter aircraft.
Kiev-Arsenal (photo camera) a Soviet brand of camera manufactured by the Arsenal Factory in Kyiv, Ukraine.
Arsenal Shipka, a Bulgarian submachinegun.
Arsenal Gear, a fictional weapon in the video game Metal Gear Solid 2

Railway stations with Arsenal in their name include:

Arsenal tube station, a station on the London Underground in Highbury, named after Arsenal FC.
Woolwich Arsenal railway station, a mainline station in Woolwich, London, named after the Woolwich Arsenal.
Arsenalna (Kyiv Metro), a station on the Kyiv Metro

Companies with Arsenal in its name include:
Arsenal Real Estate Funds, LLC
The Medal of Honor is the highest award given to members of the United States Military. It is given to people who show a lot of bravery in wartime. Because of this, many people who get the Medal of Honor die earning it. It was first given in 1863 during the American Civil War. 

The Medal of Honor has been given to 3,458 different people, including
 Dakota L. Meyer, who is the youngest and most recent living recipient

 Jacob Parrott, who was the first man to be awarded the medal in 1863
 Mary Walker, who was the first and only woman awarded the medal.

 Leslie H. Sabo Jr., who is the most recent person to receive the medal in 2012.

According to Medal of Honor recipient Retired Army Maj. Gen. Patrick Brady who flew more than 2,500 combat missions over Vietnam and helped rescue more than 5,000 wounded, "it is harder to wear it than to earn it".

Gallery
 Army

 Navy

 Air Force

References

Other websites
 Congressional Medal of Honor Society website 
Medal of Honor  at the United States Army Center of Military History

Military honors
Orders, decorations, and medals of the United States
1863 establishments in the United States
Trance music is a kind of electronic music. It centers around a synthesizer and bass drum on each beat and melodies with themes. Most trance music usually have 140 beats per minute. Trance music is commonly played in clubs. The genre takes insipiration from techno, house music, and other kinds of electronic music.

Trance refers to an altered state of consciousness as, for example, achieved by hypnosis. Trance music is characterised by unusually long tracks of highly repetitious music. Group dancing makes the effect stronger, as it does with some types of traditional African music. The general idea has been many times used in religious ceremonies. Nobody knows who introduced the term to electronic music.

Important sub-genres 
 Acid trance
 Psychedelic trance - see Psychedelic music
 Uplifting trance

Famous Trance DJs (selection) 
 ATB
 Armin van Buuren
 DJ JamX
 DJ Tiesto
 George Acosta
 Oliver Lieb
 Pascal F.E.O.S.
 Paul Van Dyk
 Piet Blank
 Spacekid
 Ferry Corsten
Push
Cosmic Gate
Andrew Rayel

Famous Trance performers (selection) 
B.B.E.
 Blank & Jones
 Dance Nation
 Dumonde
 Genlog
 Gouryella
 Hybrid
 Kai Tracid
 Lost Witness
 Matt Darey
 Nalin Inc.
 M.I.K.E.
 Sequential One
 Timo Maas
 Yves Deruyter
Hailiene
Susana
That Girl
Warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) are remarkable animals. They are found in most of Africa south of the Sahara and are widely distributed in East Africa. They are the only pigs able to live in areas without water for several months of the year. By tolerating a higher-than-normal body temperature, the warthog is perhaps able to conserve moisture inside its body that might otherwise be used for cooling. (Camels and desert gazelles have developed a similar mechanism for survival in hot, arid environments.)

Habitat 
Warthogs are found in moist and arid savannas. They avoid rainforest, deserts and high mountains.

Pigs
Mammals of Africa
Silt is soil or rock that developed from granular material of a specific grain size.

Silty soil has much smaller particles than sandy soil, so it is smooth to the touch. When moistened, it is soapy slick. When rolled between the fingers, dirt is left on the skin.

Silty soil retains water longer, but it can’t hold on to as many nutrients as you’d want it to, though it’s fairly fertile. Due to its moisture-retentive quality, silty soil is cold and drains poorly.

Grain size criteria 
Silt particles range between a  and  mm (3.9 to 62.5 μm), larger than clay but smaller than a sand.  Silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are about the same size in all dimensions.

Silt may occur as a soil or alternatively as suspended sediment in a water column of any surface water body.  It may also exist as deposition soil at the bottom of a water body after it is eroded elsewhere and transported by a stream or by a current.  Silt is easily transported in water and is fine enough to be carried long distances by air as 'dust'. Thick deposits of silty material that result from wind deposition are often called loess (a German term) or limon (French).  Silt and clay contribute to  in water.

Geology
A catalytic converter is a device in the exhaust pipe of a car, near its engine. It is used to clean up the exhaust the car sends out into the atmosphere. It works by using a catalyst material, usually made of Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium. The catalytic converter converts carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides, all of which make the air dirty and make people sick, into carbon dioxide, water, and Nitrogen, all of which are less harmful. These chemicals, however, are still large contributors to global warming. The US auto industry was investigated by the US Department of Justice for “conspiracy” for 15 years of colluding to withhold the technology between 1953 and 1969 while smog devastated urban centers’ air quality. A catalytic converter reduces carbon monoxide by contacting it with oxygen, creating carbon dioxide, which is less harmful.  Because hydrocarbons are unburned fuel particles that are put into the catalytic converter, they burn up in the catalytic converter, making it very hot.
  

Machines

fi:Pakoputkisto#Katalysaattori
Adamite is a mineral that can be either yellow, purple, green, pink, or yellowish-green in color and is made from crystals.  It is very easy to break and it can be scratched by a copper penny.  Adamite is not radioactive.  It is named for the French mineralogist Gilbert Joseph Adam (1795-1881), who was the person who discovered it.   It is mainly found in the Atacama Desert in Chile. Adamite is also used for other commercial resources.

References

Minerals
Six Flags Great Adventure is a theme park in Jackson Township, New Jersey, United States. It opened on July 4, 1974. The park complex also contains the Hurricane Harbor water park.

In 2012, Six Flags combined Great Adventure Park with the Wild Safari Area to form a single 475-acre theme park. As of 2018, the park contained 12 roller coasters. Three are world-class rides: El Toro, Kingda Ka and Nitro. Kingda Ka, with a top speed of 128 mph feels like taking off from an aircraft carrier. At 458 feet tall guests say on a clear day you can see both the Philadelphia and New York City skylines. Nitro, another fast roller coaster, offers a panoramic view of the New Jersey countryside. El Toro is one of the tallest wooden roller coasters at 181 feet. The park includes a Safari Off-Road Adventure that has over 1,200 animals. It is the largest drive-through safari park in North America.

There are three areas just for children. The Hurricane Harbor water park takes up 45 acres by itself. Between the three areas there are over 200 rides and attractions. Six Flags Great Adventure is open between spring break and late October.

History 
Located halfway between New York City and Philadelphia, the park opened in 1974. At first it was called The Enchanted Forest. In 1976 it was renamed Great Adventure. Six Flags bought it in 1977.

Accidents 
On August 17, 1981 a park employee fell to his death during a routine test of Rolling Thunder. The investigation concluded he may not have used the safety bar. On May 11, 1984 the Haunted Castle caught fire. Eight teenagers were caught inside and died. In 1987 a woman fell to her death from the Lightnin' Loops roller coaster. Officials said she did not have her shoulder safety harness on. She was 19 years old. There have been no serious accidents since 2003 at Great Adventure.

Attractions timeline

References

Other websites 
 Six Flags Great Adventure Official Website
 
 Gadv.com Great Adventure Online 
 GreatAdventureHistory.com

 
1974 establishments in the United States
Theme parks in the United States
1970s establishments in New Jersey
Eighteen is a number. It comes between seventeen and nineteen, and is an even number.  It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18.
In most countries it is the age of majority, age of consent, and voting age.

In Roman numerals, 18 is written as XVIII.

The number 18 has many multiples such as: 36, 54, 72, 90, 108, and so on. The prime factorization of 18 is 3x3x2 in expanded form, and 3^2x2 in factored form.

Integers
Nineteen is a number. It comes between eighteen and twenty, and is an odd number.  It is also the 8th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, and 17. 

In Roman numerals, 19 is written as XIX.

Integers
Prime numbers
Twenty-one is a number. It comes between twenty and twenty-two, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 7, and 21.

Twenty-one is also a name of a popular card game and is the age at which people in the United States can buy alcoholic drinks.

In Roman numerals, 21 is written as XXI.

Integers
Jorge Guillén y Álvarez (January 18, 1893 – February 6, 1984) was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27.

Biography 
Jorge Guillén was born in Valladolid. His life paralleled that of his friend Pedro Salinas, whom he succeeded as a Spanish teaching assistant at the Collège de Sorbonne in the University of Paris from 1917 to 1923. He was also a professor at the University of Murcia from 1925 to 1929, the University of Oxford from 1929 to 1931, and the University of Seville from 1932 to 1938. Exiled, he was forced to establish himself in the United States to continue his postsecondary teaching. He was a professor of Spanish at Wellesley College from 1941 to 1967. He retired to Italy, where he married for the second time. He later moved to the city of Málaga. In 1977, he was awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize, one of the most prestigious prizes for Spanish-language writers. He died in Málaga in 1984, age 91.

Other websites 
  The Jorge Guillén Foundation 
  Poetry of Jorge Guillén

References 

1893 births
1984 deaths
Spanish poets
People from Valladolid