cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) are large metropolitan areas of the United States as defined by the Office of Management and Budget. These areas are urban areas with a lot of people. An earlier version of the MSA was the "Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area" (SMSA). MSAs are used for official purposes.

MSAs are made up of counties and for some county equivalents. In New England, because of the greater importance of towns over counties, similar areas are based on town units. These are called New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs).

MSAs are created around a central urban area —an areawhere there are a lot of people. The counties with the urbanized area are known as the central counties of the MSA. Other nearby counties (known as outlying counties) can be a part of the MSA if these counties have strong social and economic connections to the central counties. Some areas within these outlying counties may actually be rural areas.

The population estimates for some metro areas are not always agreed upon. In some cases, different sources give numbers of people which differ by millions. The definitions used for the last U.S. Census differed from those for previous censuses. This makes it hard to compare official information from different dates. MSA boundaries do not stretch into Canada or Mexico. This can affect the number of people in several cities. For example, Detroit, Buffalo, El Paso and San Diego are often much larger than their MSA figures.

As of June 2003, there is now an additional classification, “Metropolitan Division.” The term metropolitan division is used for a county or group of counties that are a distinct employment area within a metropolitan statistical area that has at least 2.5 million people. A metropolitan division is a part of a larger metropolitan statistical area but it is often a distinct social, economic, and cultural area within the larger region.

Top 25 
The following is a list of the 25 most populated metropolitan statistical areas and metropolitan divisions in the United States, according to the July 1, 2007 U.S. Census Bureau estimates:

For all U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas, see the Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
For a list including combined metropolitan areas, see the Table of United States primary census statistical areas.

Notes 

Cities in the United States
Larry Joe Bird (born December 7, 1956) is an American retired NBA basketball player. He won three NBA championships in 1981, 1984, and 1986 with the Boston Celtics. He has also won the NBA MVP award three times, in 1984, 1985, and 1986 as a Celtic. He played college basketball at Indiana State University where he developed a rivalry and friendship with Los Angeles Lakers star Magic Johnson when he faced him in the 1979 NCAA national championship game and three NBA championship series (1984, 1985 and 1987). He has been described as one of the greatest basketball players and greatest shooters of all time.  Bird was nicknamed Larry Legend and The Hick from French Lick, after his hometown in Indiana.  He was also called Kodak by his first NBA coach, Bill Fitch, because Bird could form pictures in his head of the plays on the basketball court.  Finally, he was nicknamed The Great White Hope.

In 1992, Bird was a member of the United States men's national basketball team. The team was one of the most famous teams in US Olympic history, known as "The Dream Team." The team captured the gold medal after going undefeated.

In 1997, Bird became the head coach of the Indiana Pacers. He was also President of the Pacers (2000-2012, 2013-2017).

He was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006.

References

Other websites

1956 births
Living people
American basketball players
American Olympic gold medalists
Boston Celtics players
Sportspeople from Indiana
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
The Seattle SuperSonics (also called the Seattle Sonics) were an American professional basketball team based in Seattle, Washington that played in the Pacific and Northwest Divisions of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1967 until its final season in 2007–2008. The team moved to Oklahoma City in 2008, changing its name to the Oklahoma City Thunder.

References

National Basketball Association teams
Sports in Seattle, Washington
Oklahoma City Thunder
1967 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Washington (state)
2008 disestablishments in the United States
2000s disestablishments in Washington (state)
Jørn Utzon (April 9, 1918 – November 29, 2008) was a Danish architect. He was born in Copenhagen and grew up in Aalborg. He is most well known for designing the Sydney Opera House in Australia. He won a contest for designing the Sydney Opera House in 1957. However, he left Australia in 1966 and never returned and saw his completed work. He thought of his design of the Sydney Opera House to be like peeling an orange, as he said putting the shells of the building together would make a perfect sphere. In 2001, he was invited back to restore the building and change it back toward his original designs, but he did not return.

In 2003, Utzon won the Pritzker Prize.

Utzon died of a heart attack in Copenhagen.

References

Other websites 
Utzon Center 
The Kingohouses website
The Sydney Opera House history
The Edge of the Possible, 58 minute documentary, 1998, Dir: Daryl Dellora, Film Art Doco Pty Ltd
Design by Deception: The Politics of Megaproject Approval  (PDF)

1918 births
2008 deaths
Architects
Danish businesspeople
People from Copenhagen
Pritzker Prize winners
Meherabad ("abad" means a flourishing colony) is the main center where Meher Baba lived and worked from 1923. It is about nine kilometers (6 miles) south of Ahmednagar, India. It is now the site of Meher Baba's tomb as well as places for visitors to stay. A large number of buildings associated with the earlier days of Baba’s work as well as places of charity are also there. Many Baba lovers work or live in the Meherabad area. Meherabad is a popular place of pilgrimage. Around 30,000 pilgrims come each year to Amartithi (the anniversary of Meher Baba's death). In 1944 Meher Baba moved his residence 15 miles north to Meherazad located on the other side of Ahmedagar. It also is a place of pilgrimage.

Settlements in Maharashtra
Ajri is an Indo-Aryan language. It is spoken in Swat District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It belongs to the Lahnda group and is near the Seraiki and Hindko languages.

Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Bashkardi is a southwestern Iranian language spoken in the southeast of Iran in the provinces of Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, and Hormozgan. Bashkardi has numerous dialects and these dialects form a transition from Larestani to Balochi.

Languages of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Languages of Iran
Jatki or Jhangochi (جھنگوچی) is the oldest and most conservative dialect of the Punjabi (Lahndi or western Punjabi) language. Native people use Jatki word for their dialect. It is spoken throughout a widespread area, starting from Khanewal and Jhang at both ends of Ravi River and Chenab River to Gujranwala District. It than runs down to Bahawalnagar and Chishtian araes, on the banks of river Sutlej River. It is spoken by Indigenous people of Jhang, Faisalabad, Khanewal, Vehari, Chiniot, Toba Tek Singh, Nankana Sahib, Bahawalnagar, Pakpattan,Okara, Sahiwal,Sargodha, Hafizabad and Mandi Bahauddin districts of Punjab. It is also spoken in few areas of Sheikhpura, Muzaffargarh, Bahawalpur and Lodhran districts of Pakistani Punjab and Fazilka district of Indian  Punjab. This entire area has almost the same traditions, customs and culture. The Jhangochi dialect of Punjabi has several aspects that set it apart from other Punjabi variants. This area has a great culture and heritage, especially literary heritage, as it is credited with the creation of the famous epic romance stories of Heer Ranjha and Mirza Sahiba. It is spoken in the Bar areas of Punjab, i.e. areas whose names are often suffixed with 'Bar', for example Sandal Bar, Kirana Bar, Neeli Bar and Ganji Bar.

Punjabi language
Kalash or Kalasha (also known as Kalasha-mun) is an Indo-European language in the Indo-Aryan branch, further classified as a Dardic language in the Chitral Group. However, this Dardic classification is questionable because only 53% of the commonly used words in Kalash have cognates in Khowar language.

Related pages
Languages of Pakistan

References

Dardic languages
Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Lubanki, also known as Labanki, is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Lubanas tribal grouping in the Republic of India and Pakistan. It is classified as a form or dialect of Punjabi. Lubanki has been spoken in the Rajasthan and Gujarat areas and some areas of Pakistan. The Punjabi word tanda is allegedly of Lubanki origin and means a town. The dialect is almost extinct. With the loss of the language's prestige and status, most Lubanas now speak other forms of Punjabi as their primary language.

When Guru Tegh Bahadur Was discovered by Baba Makhan Shah Labana, Makhan Shah climbed on top a village roof and started shouting the famous line Guru ladho rae "The Guru has been found", which is alleged to be in Lubanki dialect.

Languages of Pakistan
The Parkari Koli language (sometimes called just Parkari) is a language mainly spoken in the province of Sindh, Pakistan.

References

Languages of Pakistan
Sindh
The Sarikoli language (also Selekur, Sarikul, Sariqul, Sariköli) is a member of the Pamir subgroup of the Southeastern Iranian languages spoken by Tajiks in China and border regions of Pakistani Kashmir.

Languages of China
Languages of Pakistan
Iranian languages
Waziri language is a Southeastern Iranian language spoken by the Wazir Pashtun tribe in Waziristan in Pakistan. It is also spoken by some of the neighboring people of Pakistan and Afghanistan. The language can be considered a dialect of the Pashto language but has some distinctive features and vocabulary.

Languages of Pakistan
Iranian languages
Sandbach is a market town in Cheshire, United Kingdom. It is in the Borough of Congleton.

Other websites 
 Sandbach Town Council 
 Website about the History of Sandbach
detailed map of Sandbach Town Centre

Market towns in England
Towns in Cheshire
Alsager is a town and civil parish in Cheshire, England. It is located in the Borough of Congleton, near to the border with Staffordshire.

In the 2011 census, the town had a population of 11,775.

In 2007, Alsager was awarded Fairtrade town status by the Fairtrade Foundation.

Despite the town's Staffordshire postcode and Crewe dialling code, it is its own town, and is not part of Crewe or Stoke-on-Trent.

References

Other websites 
 Alsager Tour Guide - Information about the local area

Alsager
Marsimik La, elevation 5,582 metres (18,314 ft), is a high mountain pass in the Chang-Chemno Range in northern Kashmir (India). There is a road over this pass, over which suitably adapted vehicles have been driven, but it is not a motorable pass in the sense that the road is not in good enough condition to permit transit by normal vehicles.

If it were motorable, it would be the highest motorable pass in Kashmir, but reports suggest that there are probably higher motorable passes in Tibet.

Located 16 km northeast of the northwest tip of Pangong Lake, the pass is on the shortest route from there to the contested Kongka La (Pass) area 42 km farther northeast on the China - Occupied Kashmir line of actual control. Marsimik La is four km west of the sharp 6000 to 6500 meter ridge line forming the line of actual control.

References

Geography of China
Mountain passes of Pakistan
Kilik Pass (el. 4827 m./15,837 ft.), 30 km to the west of Mintaka Pass is a high mountain pass in Pakistan. The two passes were, in ancient times, the two main access points into the Upper Hunza Valley (also called Gojal Valley) from the north.

This was the shortest and quickest way into northern Kashmir from the Tarim Basin, and one that was usually open all year, but was extremely dangerous and only suited for travellers on foot. From Tashkurgan one travelled just over 70 km south to the junction of the Minteke River. Heading some 80 km west up this valley one reached the Mintaka Pass, (and 30 km farther, the alternative Kilik Pass), which both led into upper Hunza from where one could travel over the infamous rafiqs or "hanging passages" to Gilgit and on, either to Kashmir, or to the Gandharan plains.

Laden animals could be taken over the Mintaka and Kilik passes into upper Hunza (both open all year), but then loads would have to be carried by coolie (porters) to Gilgit (an expensive and dangerous operation). From there, cargoes could be reloaded onto pack animals again and taken either east to Kashmir and then on to Taxila (a long route), or west to Chitral which provided relatively easy access to either Jalalabad, or Peshawar via Swat.

The Mintaka Pass was the main one used in ancient times until the fairly recent advance of glacier ice. After the glaciation of the Mintaka Pass, the Kilik Pass was favoured by caravans coming from China and Afghanistan as it is wider, free of glaciers and provided enough pasture for caravan animals.

The new Karakoram Highway heads farther south, and then west over the Khunjerab Pass (4,934 m or 16,188 ft; 36° 51' N; 75° 32' E).

Mountain passes of Pakistan
Drosophila melanogaster is a small, common fly found near rotting fruit. It has been in use for over a century to study genetics and lends itself well to behavioral studies.

History 
Thomas Hunt Morgan studied Drosophila early in the 1900s. He and his team were the first to discover sex-linkage and genetic recombination, which placed the small fly in the forefront of genetic research.

Due to its small size, ease of culture and short generation time, geneticists have been using Drosophila ever since. It is one of the organisms whose entire genome is known, and many hundreds of genes have been identified and studied.

Life 
Fruit flies are easily obtained from the wild and most biological science companies carry a variety of different mutations. In addition these companies sell equipment to culture the flies. Costs are relatively low and most equipment can be used year after year.

Behaviour

Vision 
The fly's vision is its most important sense organ. Approximately two thirds of the Drosophila brain is dedicated to visual processing. Although their ability to distinguish fine detail is worse than that of humans, their ability to time things (such as flight) is about ten times better.

The compound eye of the fruit fly contains 760 units or ommatidia, and are one of the most advanced among insects. Each ommatidium contains eight photoreceptor cells (R1–8), support cells, pigment cells, and a cornea (lens). Wild-type flies have reddish pigment cells, which serve to absorb excess blue light so the fly is not blinded by ambient light.

Flight 
The wings of a fly are capable of beating at up to 220 times per second. Flies fly via straight sequences of movement interspersed by rapid turns called saccades. During these turns, a fly is able to rotate 90 degrees in fewer than 50 milliseconds.

It was long thought that the characteristics of Drosophila flight were dominated by the viscosity of the air, rather than the inertia of the fly body. However, research has shown that flies perform banked turns, where the fly accelerates, slows down while turning, and accelerates again at the end of the turn. This indicates that inertia is the dominant force, as is the case with larger flying animals.

Reproduction

In order to mate with a female fruit fly, the male fruit fly has to do a special courting dance.  
First, he faces the female.  
Then, he follows the female around.
Taps her on the leg
Vibrates a wing
Positions himself behind the abdomen of the female, licks her genitalia.  
Finally, the male fruit fly attempts copulation by curling his abdomen under hers. The female can, however, kick the male away from it with her legs.

The sexual intercourse usually lasts from about 15–20 minutes, in which several hundred relatively long sperm are released into the female’s body. The female then stores these sperm in her spermathecae, and then becomes pregnant. It only takes the female a few days to give birth to about five eggs.

Some reports have the wing vibration earlier in the procedure. In any event, there are some differences between even closely related species.

References 

Genetics
Drosophila
Model organisms
Lauren Bacall (, born Betty Joan Perske; September 16, 1924 – August 12, 2014) was an American movie, radio and stage actress and model. She was well known for her deep voice. She started acting in the 1940s. She acted until 2014. She had big roles in movies like The Big Sleep and Dark Passage.

Bacall was the fourth wife of actor Humphrey Bogart. They were married until Bogart died in 1957. They had a son, Stephen (born 1949), and a daughter, Leslie (born 1952). Bacall married Jason Robards in 1961. They had one son, Sam (born 1961). They divorced in 1969. Bacall was once briefly engaged to singer Frank Sinatra.

Bacall's cousin was Shimon Peres, the former Prime Minister and President of Israel. Their fathers were brothers.

On August 12, 2014, Bacall died in New York City from a stroke, aged 89.

References

Other websites

Interview with Larry King on CNN 
Article about the "origin" of the "Rat Pack" taken mainly from her book "Lauren Bacall, By Myself", (New York: Knopf, 1978)
Lauren Bacall Official website  - at LaurenBacall.com

1924 births
2014 deaths
Actors from the Bronx
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York City
Deaths from stroke
Democrats (United States)
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Jewish American actors
Jewish models
Models from the Bronx
Tony Award winning actors
The Oklahoma City Blue are an NBA Development League team based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States. They play at the Cox Convention Center. They were also known as the Asheville Altitude when they played in Asheville, North Carolina from 2001 until 2005 and as the Tulsa 66ers when the team played in Tulsa, Oklahoma from 2005 until 2014.

In July 2014, the Thunder moved the 66ers to Oklahoma City. The management said that there was "circumstances beyond our control" which stemmed from stalled relocation attempts.

References

Other websites
Official website 

2005 establishments in the United States
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
2000s establishments in Oklahoma
In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit array at the level of its individual bits.

Bitwise operators
In the explanations below, any indication of a bit's position is counted from the right side, moving left. For example, the binary value 0001 (decimal 1) has zeroes at every position but the first (i.e. the rightmost) one.

NOT
The bitwise NOT, or complement, is an operation that performs logical negation on each bit. Bits that are 0 become 1, and those that are 1 become 0. For example:

 NOT 0111  (decimal 7)
   = 1000  (decimal 8)

 NOT 10101011  (decimal 171)
   = 01010100  (decimal 84)

AND
A bitwise AND is an operation that takes two bit patterns and performs the logical AND operation on each pair of bits. If both bits in the compared position are 1, the result is 1 otherwise the result is 0. For example:

     0101 (decimal 5)
 AND 0011 (decimal 3)
   = 0001 (decimal 1)

OR
A bitwise OR is an operation that takes two bit patterns of equal length and performs the logical inclusive OR operation on each pair of bits. If both bits are 0 the result is 0, while otherwise, the result is 1. For example:

    0101 (decimal 5)
 OR 0011 (decimal 3)
  = 0111 (decimal 7)

XOR
A bitwise XOR is an operation that takes two bit patterns of equal length and performs the logical exclusive OR operation on each pair of bits. If both bits are 0 the result 0, if one bit is 1 and the other is zero the result is 1, and if both bits are 1 the result is 0.

     0101 (decimal 5)
 XOR 0011 (decimal 3)
   = 0110 (decimal 6)

Computer science
Boolean algebra
Irving Berlin (May 11, 1888 – September 22, 1989), born Israel Baline in Imperial Russia, was a Jewish-American songwriter.

Selected works
Berlin's first popular success was "Alexander's Ragtime Band."

In 1938, Kate Smith made "God Bless America" a popular hit.

In 1942, Berlin won the Academy Award for the best original song in the movie "Holiday Inn". The song was "White Christmas.". Bing Crosby recorded the song. This became "the best-selling record of all time."

Broadway musicals written by Berlin included "Annie Get Your Gun" and "Call me Madam."

References

Other websites 

Irving Berlin Music Company
PBS page on Irving Berlin , part of their Great Performances series
If Irving Berlin could not read or write music, how did he compose? (from The Straight Dope)
 Liner notes for The Vintage Irving Berlin, New World Records NW 238 
Irving Berlin collection of non-commercial sound recordings, at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
The Judy Room "Easter Parade" section
Daniel K. Elder "Remarkable Sergeants: Ten Vignettes of Noteworthy NCOs," http://ncohistory.com/files/RemarkableSgts.pdf

1888 births
1989 deaths
American centenarians
American composers
American Jews
American movie score composers
American pianists
American songwriters
Entertainers from New York City
Congressional Gold Medal recipients
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
A supercentenarian is someone who has lived to the age of 110 years or more, something achieved by only one in a thousand centenarians. A very small number of supercentenarians have lived to be 115. Early uses of the word meant a person well over 100, but now it is just known as people who are 110 or older.

Jeanne Calment had the world's longest verified human lifespan (122 years 164 days). Since 22 July 2018, the current oldest verified living person is Kane Tanaka, who was 115 years old when she got this title but is currently 118 years old.

Jiroemon Kimura (1897–2013) is the longest lived documented man at 116 years 54 days.

References

Other websites
Characteristics of Supercentenarians
Supercentenarian Research Foundation
International Database on Longevity
Gerontology Research Group 
List of Super-centenarians
Leila Alice Daughtry Denmark, M.D. (February 1, 1898– April 1, 2012) is an American pediatrician who still worked until she was 103. She worked on the vaccine for pertussis (also known as whooping cough) in the 1920s and 1930s.

As a doctor, she was one of the first to be against smoking near children and drug use in pregnant women. She also thinks that it is bad to drink cow's milk, people should eat fruit but not drink fruit juices, and drink only water.

When she turned 100, she did not want cake because it had too much sugar in it. She turned 110 in 2008, becoming a rare case of a supercentenarian who had been known for reasons other than her age.

References

Other websites
 Keenlyside, Barbara. "Dr. Leila Denmark's secret: Love what you do." Atlanta Business Chronicle, 24 July, 1998. 
 Meyer, M.D., Charles R. "The Graying Physician". 'MMA Publications', August 2006. 
 Report on Leila Denmark's supercentenarian status

1898 births
2012 deaths
American physicians
American supercentenarians
Scientists from Georgia (U.S. state)
Sir William Schwenck Gilbert (18 November 1836 – 29 May 1911) was an English dramatist, librettist, poet and illustrator. He is best known for the comic operas (or operettas) that he wrote with Sir Arthur Sullivan.

Gilbert worked in the civil service for a few years, but he did not like it. He studied law and became a lawyer, but not many people hired him. To make more money, he wrote short stories and comic poems for magazines. He also worked as a theatre critic. Gilbert made drawings for some of his poems and signed them "Bab", a nickname he had when he was a baby. Those poems became known as "The Bab Ballads" and were very popular.

In the 1860s Gilbert started writing plays. At first he wrote parodies of other writers' plays and operas, but soon he developed his own way of writing. Gilbert wrote many plays; most of them are not performed anymore, but Engaged (1877), about a man who proposes marriage to every woman he meets, is still performed.

In 1871 Gilbert started working with Sullivan. They wrote fourteen comic operas together; Gilbert wrote the words and Sullivan wrote the music. Their fourth opera, H.M.S. Pinafore (1878), made the team of "Gilbert and Sullivan" famous all over the English-speaking world. Besides Pinafore, their best-known operas are The Pirates of Penzance (1879) and The Mikado (1885). The Gilbert and Sullivan operas are still performed very often, by opera companies, theatre companies, and groups in schools and colleges.

Gilbert and Sullivan sometimes argued about what to write and how to write it, but they worked together for 25 years, from 1871 to 1896. When they were angry with each other, they wrote operas with other people, but those operas did not make as much money as the operas they wrote together. When Sullivan died in 1900, Gilbert stopped writing operas.

Gilbert directed his own plays and operas. He wanted the actors to talk in a natural way, and not shout as if they were giving a speech to a big crowd. Gilbert's ideas helped other playwrights, like Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw, to make their plays more real.

1836 births
1911 deaths
English writers
English poets
English playwrights
Opera
Gilbert and Sullivan
Civil servants
British illustrators
The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor is a 2008 American adventure movie. It is a sequel to  The Mummy and The Mummy Returns. It was released on August 1, 2008 in the United States. Jet Li is in the movie also.

Theatres 
The movie opened in Los Angeles on July 27, 2008.

Critics ideas 
Most critics said the movie is bad. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times liked it as "plain dumb fun."

References

Other websites
 
 
 

2008 movies
American action movies
American adventure movies
American fantasy movies
Movies set in China
Movies set in deserts
Movies set in the 1940s
The Mummy
The Borough of Congleton (or Congleton Borough) is in Cheshire, England. The towns of Alsager, Congleton, Middlewich and Sandbach are in the Borough. It is part of the second tier of local government, the Borough will be replaced by Cheshire East in April 2009.

Religion
The percentage of people of each religion in  the borough. 

People stating religion as: 

Christian: 81.46%
Muslim: 0.17%
Buddhist: 0.12%
Hindu: 0.11%
Jewish: 0.06%
Sikh: 0.04%
Other religions: 0.16%
No religion: 11.46%
Religion not stated: 6.43%

References

Other websites 
Homepage 

Cheshire
Diphu Pass is a path through the mountains where the borders of the People's Republic of China, India and Myanmar meet. Diphu Pass is a strategic route to southern South Tibet.

Other websites
Satellite image of the pass

Geography of China
This is a list of Oklahoma's state symbols, including official and unofficial. The official symbols are codified by statute. Many of the unofficial symbols are put in place by Oklahoma Senate of House of Representative resolutions.

State symbols

Other websites
Oklahoma Almanac–"Tourism, Symbols, and Flags"
USPS description of the Oklahoma Statehood Stamp

State symbols
In adults, Pubic hair it is the  hair which covers the area around the sex organs. It is generally darker in colour and stronger in texture than other hair found on the human body. It is caused by the rising levels of androgens during puberty. Pubic hair is a secondary sex characteristic.

Pubic hair appears during puberty in girls and boys. Beginning with only a few hairs, the area quickly fills out in a triangular shape, making a thick patch of hair. 

The growth of hair can go up toward the navel, but will always continue to grow down past the pubic region and ending at the anus (the hole between the buttocks). In females, hair will cover the outer lips of the vagina; in males, hair will grow around the base of the penis and lightly cover the scrotum (the outer sack containing the testicles).

Pubic hair is sometimes called a "bush," "nest," "pubes," or "curlies". On Asian people, pubic hair is usually not so curly.

Pubic hair is sometimes made into a fashion item. Men and women do this. Some people may change the way their pubic hair looks, by trimming or shaping it. One style is called a "landing strip", like a runway where an airplane lands. Some religions say to shave pubic hair. Some people use chemicals that dissolve pubic hair. Some people use wax or electrolysis to remove pubic hair. The use of wax to remove all pubic hair is sometimes called Brazilian.

Sometimes people change the color. Sometimes people ask, "Does the carpet match the drapes?" This means, "Is the person's pubic hair the same color as the hair on the person's head?" Usually people with red natural hair color have darker red pubic hair.

Hair
"Ring of Fire" is a country music song popularized by Johnny Cash and co-written by June Carter and Merle Kilgore. The single appears on Cash's 1963 compilation album, Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash. The song was recorded on March 25, 1963 and became the biggest hit of his career, staying at number one on the charts for seven weeks.

References 

1963 songs
Country songs
Johnny Cash songs
Port wine (also called  Vinho do Porto, Oporto, Porto, and often simply Port) is a Portuguese wine. 

Porto is a fortified wine. This means its alcohol is stronger than ordinary wine. This has the effect of making the wine long-lasting even after the bottle has been opened. Porto is a sweet wine, but comes as dry or semi-dry also. It is often served as a dessert wine.

Port is made in the Douro Valley in the northern provinces of Portugal.  Wines which are similar to the Portuguese product called port are made in several countries around the world. The biggest producers are Australia, South Africa, India, Canada and the United States. However, under European Union guidelines, only the product from Portugal may be labelled as Port. In the United States, Federal law mandates that the Portuguese-made product be labeled Porto or Vinho do Porto.

Port is produced from grapes grown and processed in the Douro region. The Douro valley where Port wine is produced was defined and established as a protected region, or appellation in 1756. It is the oldest defined and protected wine region in the world.

The wine produced is then fortified with the addition of a Brandy (distilled grape spirits). This is done to stop the fermentation leaving residual sugar in the wine and to increase the alcohol content.  The wine is then stored and aged. For ageing, it is often put in barrels stored in caves After aging, it is  bottled.  

The wine got its name, "Port," in the second half of the 17th century from the seaport city of Porto at the mouth of the Douro River.  Much of the product was brought there. It was then either sold on a market or exported to other countries in Europe.  

Wine
North Mississippi Allstars is a blues-rock band from Hernando, Mississippi. It was started in 1996.

Members 
The band is made of brothers Luther Dickinson (guitar, vocals) and  Cody Dickinson (drums, keyboards, electric washboard), and Chris Chew (electric bass guitar).  Dickinson also plays a cigar box guitar called the "lowebow".

Albums 
Allstars' first album, Shake Hands With Shorty, was nominated for a Grammy for "Best Contemporary Blues Album". 51 Phantom and Electric Blue Watermelon have also received nominations in that same category.  The group also won a W.C. Handy Award for "Best New Artist Debut" in 2001.

Present members 
The band now tours with John Hiatt.  They have released an album with him called Master of Disaster.

After 2007, Luther Dickinson plays guitar for The Black Crowes' instead of Marc Ford, and played lead guitar for their album Warpaint. He tours with The Black Crowes.

Cody Dickinson has started a new side project called "Hill Country Revue" with Chris Chew, Garry Burnside, Daniel Coburn, Duwayne Burnside and Kirk Smithart.

Discography 
Shake Hands With Shorty (2000)
51 Phantom (2001)
Polaris (2003)
Tate County(Hill Country Blues) (2004) Private Release
Hill Country Revue: Live at Bonnaroo (2004)
Electric Blue Watermelon (2005)
Hernando (2008)

References

Other websites 
 Official web site
 Official MySpace profile

American rock bands
Blues bands
Musical groups from Mississippi
Tirich Mir (also called Terich Mir'' and Terichmir''') is the highest mountain in the Hindu Kush region of northern Pakistan.

It lies in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Other websites 
 Tirich Mir on SummitPost

Himalayas
Mountains of Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Jamie Anderson is an American singer from Tucson, Arizona. She is based in Ottawa, Ontario.
As of 2010 she had released ten full-length albums. She is openly lesbian.

Career 
Anderson first began touring the U.S. in 1987, and released her first album in 1989. She was voted Favorite New Performer by Hot Wire in 1990 and 1991, and played many women's music festivals, coffeehouses, colleges and other venues all though the 1990s and to the present.

Discography
 Closer to Home (Tsunami Records, 1989)
 Center of Balance (Tsunami, 1992)
 Family of Friends (Tsunami, 1993)
 Bad Hair Day (Tsunami, 1993)
 Never Assume (Tsunami, 1995)
 Drive All Night (Tsunami, 1999)
 Listen (Tsunami, 2001)
 A Promise of Light (Tsunami, 2005)
 Three Bridges (Tsunami, 2007)
 Better Than Chocolate (Tsunami, 2010)

References

1957 births
Living people
Singers from Tucson, Arizona
Musicians from Arizona
Lesbians
LGBT people from Arizona
LGBT singers
Pangong Tso (or Pangong Lake; Tso: Ladakhi for lake) is a lake in the Himalayas situated at a height of about 4,250 m (13,900 ft). It is 134 km (83.3 mi) long and extends from Ladakh to Tibet. Two thirds of the length of this lake lies in Tibet. The lake is 5 km (3 mi) wide at its broadest point. In winter, the lake surface freezes completely despite being salt water.

Photo

Lakes of India
Geography of China
Ansoo Lake (Teardrop Lake) is a lake in the Kaghan Valley in Mansehra District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Its elevation is . It is near Malika Parbat in the Himalayas.

Other websites

Lakes of Pakistan
Dudiptsar lake or Dudipat Lake is a lake in Pakistan. It is in the extreme north of Kaghan Valley. It is about a four-hour drive from the chief town Naran. The word "dudi" means white and "sar" means lake. The lake was named because it reflects the white color of snow on the mountain peaks around it. The lake's water is greenish blue and very cold.

The lake used to have a lot of trout. Now there aren't as many because of illegal fishing using dynamite and nets.

This lake is very little visited by people. Getting to the lake takes four to six hours of tough hiking and trekking. The earthquake on October 8, 2005 in North Pakistan made it more difficult to get to the lake. However, the government of Pakistan decided on March 14, 2006 to take all steps to restore tourism of the Kaghan valley. That includes building new tourism spots and rebuilding previously destroyed ones.

Surrounding area

Dudipatsar is close to another major lake, Lake Lulusar, which is the main contributory to the Kunhar River that runs through Kaghan valley. The whole area is private property but declared national park by Government of Pakistan.

The area is accessible for four months every year from June-September. After that, it is closed because of snow.

References

Lakes of Pakistan
Lake Saiful Muluk () is a lake at the northern end of the Kaghan Valley ( 34°52′37.34″N, 73°41′37.71″E) near Naran. It is in the northeast of Mansehra District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. At an altitude of 3,224 m (10,578 feet) above sea level it is one of the highest lakes in Pakistan.

Lakes of Pakistan
Shangrila Lake or Lower Kachura Lake is a part of the Shangrila resort. It is about 20 minutes from Skardu (nearly 2,500 m or 8,200 feet) town.

It is a popular tourist destination, and has a unique restaurant that is built on the fuselage of an aircraft that had crashed nearby.

Shangrila was established in 1983 with the opening of the first Resort Hotel in Skardu, Baltistan. It was named "heaven on earth" because of its spectacular beauty,and breathtaking view and peaceful atmosphere. Shangrila Resort Hotel was founded by the late Brig.(Retd) Muhammad Aslam Khan, the first commander of the Northern Scouts who liberated the Northern Areas in 1948.

Shangrila was named after a book titled "Lost Horizon" by James Hilton. In the novel, the author narrates a tale in which an aeroplane crash landed near a riverbed, in the early 1920s. The surviving passengers came across some Buddhist monks from a nearby temple and sought their help. They were taken to a beautiful lamasery filled with a variety of fruits and flowers. The monks looked quite young, although they claimed to be hundreds of years old. The idyllic place was called Shangri-la, a Chinese word meaning "Heaven on earth".

Lakes of Pakistan
Sheosar Lake () is a lake in Deosai Plains, Northern Areas of Pakistan. The lake is in Deosai National Park in Gilgit-Baltistan Province.  The lake is at an elevation of 4,142 m (13,589 feet). Its approximate length is reported to be 2.3 km (1.4 miles), width 1.8 km (1.2 miles) and average depth 40 m (131 feet).

Meanings in local language (Shina)
Sheosar Lake means Blind Lake, as Sheo in Shina Language means Blind and Sar means Lake.

Routes to the lake
The lake is accessible through two routes. One is via Skardu and the other via Astore District.

Skardu route
The road through Skardu can be covered by jeep in few hours, however, if trekked, it can take 2 days.

Astore route
Second route is from Astore District.

Best time to visit
Between the months of November to May the whole area of Deosai is snow bound. However, the area is full of natural beauty during Spring and Summer Season. During spring, the whole surrounding gets covered with wide variety of colorful flowers and butterflies. The best time of visiting this beautiful lake is in summer between June to September.

References

Other websites

Lakes of Pakistan
Snow Lake, or Lukpe Lawo, is a high-altitude glacial basin in the Karakoram mountain range in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. It is not a lake.

Geography of Pakistan
The Baltoro Glacier, at 62 kilometers long, is one of the longest glaciers outside of the polar regions. It is in Baltistan, in the Northern Areas of Pakistan, and runs through part of the Karakoram mountain range. The Baltoro Muztagh is to the north and east of the glacier, while the Masherbrum Mountains lie to the south. At 8,611 m (28,251 ft), K2 is the highest mountain in the region, and three others within 20 km top 8,000 m. 

The glacier gives rise to the Shigar River, which is a tributary of the Indus River. Several large tributary glaciers feed the main Baltoro glacier, including the Godwin Austen Glacier, flowing south from K2; the Abruzzi and the various Gasherbrum Glaciers, flowing from the Gasherbrum group of peaks; the Vigne Glacier, flowing from Chogolisa, and the Yermandendu Glacier, flowing from Masherbrum. The confluence of the main Baltoro Glacier with the Godwin Austen Glacier is known as Concordia; this location and K2 base camp are popular trekking destinations.

The trough of this glacier is very wide. Small valley glaciers form icefalls where they meet the trunk glacier. The sidewalls vary from very steep to precipitous. The glacier has carved striations on the surrounding country rocks. Moving ice has formed depressions, which serve as basins for numerous glacial lakes.

The glacier can be approached via the important Balti town of Skardu.

Glaciers of Pakistan
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events is a 2004 movie from Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon movies. It stars Jim Carrey as Count Olaf.

Other websites 
Official website 

A Series of Unfortunate Events
2004 movies
2000s fantasy movies
American fantasy movies
German movies
Liechtenstein movies
English-language movies
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by Brad Silberling
Movies set in North Carolina
Kermit Ernest Hollingshead Love (August 7, 1916 – June 21, 2008) was an American puppeteer, costume designer, and actor in children's television and on Broadway. He was best known for his work on Muppets, mainly ones on Sesame Street.

Love started his work when he was young, at first doing work for Broadway, such as making marionettes. He worked with many great names at the time in Broadway and ballet.

In the 1960s, Don Sahlin told Love to meet with Jim Henson, which was where Love and Henson first met. Due to his work in theater, Love knew how to make full-body puppets well. Soon after, Love made Big Bird and other muppets. Even though his name was Kermit, he was not the namesake of Kermit the Frog, who Henson made before meeting Love.

Love still made some non-Sesame Street characters until the early 2000s. He died on June 21, 2008 of heart failure in Poughkeepsie, New York. He is outlived by his life partner, Christopher Lyall.

Other websites
 Rick Lyon's Photos from Love's 85th Birthday Party
 Dance Magazine Profile
 Internet Broadway Database entry
 IMDB Entry
 Find-a-Grave
 LA Times Obit
 Chicago Tribune Obit 
 MSNBC Obit
 Yahoo Obit
 Metro.co.uk Obit
 Obituary in The Times
 profile at Theater Development Fund

1916 births
2008 deaths
American puppeteers
LGBT people from New Jersey
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Gay men
Costume designers
People from New Jersey
Tarbela Dam ()  is a large dam on the Indus River in Pakistan. The word derives from the name of the former Tarbela village, one of the larger villages at this site chosen for the dam.

Location
It is located about  northwest of Islamabad, largely in the jurisdiction in the Haripur District of the Hazara Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.

History
The plan for the dam was approved during the regime of the Pakistani dictator and later president General Ayub Khan, in the 1960s. Work went on until its completion in 1974. Many villages were submerged and thousands of people dieople splaced in the process.😎

Technical
The dam has a height of  above the river bed. It has a reservoir size of . This makes it the largest earth filled dam in the world. The dam was completed in 1974. It was built to store water from the Indus River for irrigation and flood control, and for creating hydro-electric power.now tli

Reservoir
The reservoir lake formed by the damming of the Indus here, is Tarbela lake, which is very elongated and spread out over a considerable area. The lake has many channels and is surrounded by wild, high hills and scrub and thorn forests. It is now a place where many species of waterfowl and fish are found.  

Dams in Asia
buildings and structures in Pakistan
Hydropower
1974 establishments in Asia
1970s establishments in Pakistan
Tornado Alley is a colloquial term most often used to refer to the area of the United States in which tornadoes happen more than in any other part of the country.  The 1974 super tornado outbreak with 148 tornadoes, took place in Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.

States such as Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio are sometimes included in Tornado Alley. Research suggests that tornadoes are happening more often in the northern parts of Tornado Alley where it reaches the Canadian prairies.

Tornado alley geographical area 

Over the years, the location(s) of Tornado Alley have not been clearly defined. No definition of tornado alley has ever been officially chosen by the National Weather Service (NWS). Thus, differences in the place are because of the different criteria used.

The National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) FAQ says that "Tornado Alley" is a term used by the media as a reference to areas that have mroe tornadoes. A study of 1921–1995 tornadoes concluded almost one-fourth of all significant tornadoes happen in this area.

No state has no tornadoes; however, they happen more often in the Central United States, between the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian Mountains.

Another criterion for the location of Tornado Alley (or Tornado Alleys) can be where the strongest tornadoes happen more often.

Origin of the term 
The term "tornado alley" was first used in 1952 by U.S. Air Force meteorologists Major Ernest J. Fawbush (1915–1982) and Captain Robert C. Miller (1920–1998). They used it as the title of a research project to study severe weather in parts of Texas and Oklahoma.

How many tornadoes 
The average tornado stays on ground for only 5 minutes. These figures, reported by the National Climatic Data Center for the period between 1991 and 2010, show the seventeen U.S. states with the most average number of tornadoes per  per year.

 Florida: 12.2
 Kansas: 11.7
 Maryland: 9.9
 Illinois: 9.7
 Mississippi:  9.2
 Iowa: 9.1
 Oklahoma: 9
 South Carolina: 9
 Alabama: 8.6
 Louisiana: 8.5
 Arkansas: 7.5
 Nebraska: 7.4
 Missouri: 6.5
 North Carolina: 6.4
 Tennessee: 6.2
 Indiana: 6.1
 Texas: 5.9

Canadian tornadoes
About half of all Canadian tornadoes hit the Canadian prairies and Northern Ontario as far east as Lake Superior. Together, these areas make up the northernmost border of the U.S. Tornado Alley. Tornadoes up to EF5 in strength have been found in this region.

Schools in Tornado Alley often have tornado drills, and many homes may have tornado shelters where people can go for safety.

References

Other websites
 NSSL Tornado Climatology
 Climatological Estimates of Local Daily Tornado Probability for the United States
 Tornado hazards in the United States
 Statistical modeling of tornado intensity distributions

Regions of the United States
Weather
Mistletoe is the common name for a group of semi-parasitic plants in the order Santalales. They grow attached by a haustorium to the branches of trees or shrubs.

Species 
The name was first given to Viscum album (European mistletoe, Santalaceae), the only species native in Great Britain and much of Europe. Later the name was given to other related species, including Phoradendron serotinum (the eastern mistletoe of eastern North America, also Santalaceae).

The largest family of mistletoes, Loranthaceae, has 73 genera and over 900 species.

In culture and myths 
European mistletoe played a large role in Greek mythology, and is believed to be The Golden Bough of Aeneas, ancestor of the Romans. The Norse god Baldr was killed with mistletoe.

In Romanian traditions, mistletoe (vâsc in Romanian) is considered a source of good fortune.

William Shakespeare mentions it in Titus Andronicus, Act II, Scene I: "Overcome with moss and baleful mistletoe".

Mistletoe is often used as a Christmas decoration. Viscum album is used in Europe and Phoradendron serotinum is used in North America. According to custom, the mistletoe must not touch the ground between its cutting and its removal as the last of Christmas greens at Candlemas; it may remain hanging through the year, often to preserve the house from lightning or fire, until it was replaced the following Christmas Eve.

Mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens) is the state floral emblem for the State of Oklahoma.

Kissing under mistletoe at Christmas  
According to a custom during Christmas, any two people who meet under a hanging of mistletoe are urged to kiss. The custom started in Scandinavia.

References

Other websites

 The Mistletoe Center
 About mistletoe
 Parasitic plant connection. See families Misodendraceae, Loranthaceae, Santalaceae, and Viscaceae
 Phoradendron serotinum images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu 
 Scientific studies, research and clinical trials on mistletoe treatment in cancer 

Santalales
Symbols of Oklahoma
Parasitic plants
Mercosur or Mercosul (, , Guarani: Ñemby Ñemuha, ) is a Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) between Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. It was founded in 1991. Its purpose is to improve free trade and the easy movement of goods, people, and currency.

Members

The following countries are full members, in the process of becoming full members, associate members or observers.

Full members
  Argentina
  Brazil
  Paraguay
  Uruguay

Becoming full members
  Bolivia

Associate members
  Chile
  Colombia
  Ecuador
  Peru

Observers
  Mexico

Related pages
 Southern Cone

1990s treaties
Commerce
20th century in South America
1991 works