cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Infanta Pilar of Spain, Duchess of Badajoz, Dowager Viscountess of la Torre (María del Pilar Alfonsa Juana Victoria Luisa Ignacia y Todos los Santos de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias; 30 July 1936 – 8 January 2020), sometimes known more simply as Pilar de Borbón, was a member of the Spanish royal family. She was oldest child of Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona and Princess María Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. She was the older sister of King Juan Carlos I, Infanta Margarita and Infante Alfonso.

Infanta Pilar supported the sport of equestrianism. She served as the president of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports from 1994 to 2006. From 1996 to 2006, she was a member of the International Olympic Committee for Spain.

Infanta Pilar was born in the French city of Cannes. She lived most of her early years in exile from Spain. King Alfonso XIII, her grandfather, had been forced to flee with his family before she was born.

On 8 January 2020, Infanta Pilar died of colon cancer in Madrid. She was 83.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Cancer deaths in Spain
Deaths from colorectal cancer
House of Bourbon
People from Cannes
Spanish infantes and infantas
Sermersooq (Greenlandic: [seʁmeʁsoːq̚], place of much ice, ) is the most populous municipality of Greenland. Its capital and largest city is Nuuk, also the capital and largest city of Greenland. It was created on 1 January 2009 and is made of five municipalities.

Geography 
Sermersooq borders the Labrador Sea to the west and the Denmark Strait to the east. It borders the municipalities of Kujalleq, Qeqqata, Qeqertalik and Avanaata. To the north is Northeast Greenland National Park.

References 

21st-century establishments in Denmark
2000s establishments in North America
2009 establishments
Municipalities
Settlements in Greenland
Barry Strachan Gardiner (born 10 March 1957) is a British Labour Party politician. He is the Shadow Secretary of State for International Trade since 2016. He has been a Member of Parliament (MP) for Brent North since 1997.

Gardiner worked under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown as a junior minister in the Northern Ireland Office, the Department for Productivity, Energy and Industry, the Department of Trade and Industry and finally in the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.

References

1957 births
Scottish politicians
British socialists
Living people
Harvard University alumni
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present
People from Glasgow
Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 was an airplane flight between Iran and Ukraine that crashed shortly after it flew away from Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport on 8 January 2020. All 176 passengers onboard and its crew died. 

On 9 January 2020, it was reported that U.S. officials believed that plane was shot down by an Iranian Tor-M1 surface to air missile, probably by mistake.

On 11 January 2020, Iran said that it had shot down the plane by mistake.

References

2020 in Asia
21st century in Iran
Aviation disasters in Asia
January 2020 events
An oath of fealty is a pledge of allegiance of one person to another.

In medieval Europe, the swearing of fealty is an oath made by a subordinate to his lord. "Fealty" also referred to the duties that a servant need to perform. These includes service and aid.

References

 
 
 

Feudalism
Wolfgang Brezinka (9 June 1928 – 3 January 2020) was a German-Austrian educational scientist. He was born in Berlin. He served as professor of pedagogy at the Pedagogical University in Würzburg. He also worked at the universities of Innsbruck and Konstanz. He was a researcher at Columbia University and Harvard University.

On 3 January 2020, Brezinka died in Telfes, in the Austrian state of Tyrol. He was 91.

References

1928 births
2020 deaths
Austrian scientists
German educators
Scientists from Berlin
Austrian educators
German scientists
Prem Nath Hoon (4 October 1929 – 6 January 2020) was an Indian military officer. He was the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Western Command of the Indian Armed Forces from 1986 to 1987. He took part in the 1962 Sino-Indian War and 1965 Indo–Pakistan War. In 1984, he led Operation Meghdoot, the Indian Armed Forces operation to capture the Siachen Glacier in the Kashmir region. He was also part of Operation Brasstacks, the biggest military exercise since World War II. Hoon was born in Abbottabad, North West Frontier Province (now Pakistan). 

Hoon died on 6 January 2020 in Chandimandir, Haryana. He was 90.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
Indian military people
Generals
George J. Perles (July 16, 1934 – January 7, 2020) was an American football player and coach. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He was a defensive line coach, defensive coordinator and assistant head coach for the National Football League's Pittsburgh Steelers from 1972 to 1982. He was also the head football coach at Michigan State University (MSU) from 1983 to 1994. He was added to the MSU Board of Trustees in 2006. He retired from his position on the board in November 2018 due to health reasons and wanting to spend time with family.

On January 7, 2020, Perles died from Parkinson's disease in Lansing, Michigan. He was 85.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
American football coaches
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in Michigan
Sportspeople from Detroit, Michigan
Yong Pung How  (11 April 1926 – 9 January 2020) was a Singaporean judge. He served as Chief Justice from 1990 to 2006. Before being a judge, he was a lawyer, banker and senior government official. From 2010 until his death in 2020, he had been the Chancellor of the Singapore Management University. Yong was born in Kuala Lumpur, Malaya. He came from an ethnic Chinese family with Hakka ancestry from Dabu County, Guangdong. 

Yong died on 9 January 2020, at the age of 93.

References

1926 births
2020 deaths
Bankers
Chief justices
Kuala Lumpur
Singaporean politicians
The 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses were a series of elections by the Democratic Party to select the about 3,979 pledged delegates to the Democratic National Convention. Those delegates picked the Democratic nominee for president of the United States in the 2020 United States presidential election.

The elections took place from February to August 2020 in all fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, five U.S. territories, and Democrats Abroad.

On June 5, 2020, Biden passed the threshold of 1,991 delegates, securing the nomination.

Background
The 2020 field of Democratic presidential candidates peaked at more than two dozen candidates. According to Politifact, this field is believed to be the largest field of presidential candidates for any American political party since 1972; it exceeds the field of 17 major candidates who sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2016. 

In May 2019, CBS News referred to the field of 2020 Democratic presidential candidates as "the largest and most diverse Democratic primary field in modern history", including at least six female presidential candidates.

Delegate votes
The new superdelegate reforms also regulate how the 2020 Democratic National Convention shall handle the outcome of primaries and caucuses for three potential scenarios:
 If a single candidate wins at least 2,268 pledged delegates: Superdelegates will be allowed to vote at first ballot, as their influence can not overturn the majority of pledged delegates.
 If a single candidate wins 1,886–2,267 pledged delegates: Superdelegates will be barred from voting at first ballot, which solely will be decided by the will of pledged delegates.
 If no candidate wins more than 1,885 pledged delegates: This will result in a contested convention, where superdelegates are barred from voting at the first formal ballot, but regain their right to vote for their preferred presidential nominee for all subsequent ballots needed until the delegates reach a majority.

Candidates

Nominees

Withdrawn

Primary and caucus calendar

Note: Due to COVID-19, most primaries after March 10 were rescheduled.

Timeline

Convention

The convention was scheduled to be held from July 13–16, 2020, at the Fiserv Forum in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was held from August 17–20. Most speakers did not go to the central location. Instead, they joined the convention from other places, using the internet.

Maps

Polling

Notes

References

February 2020 events
March 2020 events
April 2020 events
Democratic
The 2020 Democratic National Convention was a presidential nominating convention held August 17–20, 2020 at the Wisconsin Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 

At the convention, delegates of the United States Democratic Party formally chose former Vice President Joe Biden for president and U.S. Senator Kamala Harris for vice president in the 2020 United States presidential election.

Originally scheduled to be held July 13–16, 2020 at the Fiserv Forum in Milwaukee, due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic in the United States, the convention was postponed to August 17–20, 2020, and was later shrunk its capacity, with its location moved to city's Wisconsin Center.

Due to the pandemic, the format was different from other conventions, with most of the convention being held remotely from many venues across the country. While being a largely virtual convention, it was officially centered at the Wisconsin Center, where its production was headquartered and from where it was gaveled in and out each night.

Joe Solmonese, former President of the Human Rights Campaign, was named convention CEO in March 2019.

Every living former Democratic president (Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, Barack Obama) gave a speech, as well as a number of Republicans, including former Governor John Kasich of Ohio. Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Senator Bernie Sanders also spoke at the convention.

References

2020 United States presidential election
2020s in Wisconsin
August 2020 events
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
United States presidential nominating conventions
2020 National Convention
The Congress of Tucumán was a meeting in San Miguel de Tucumán where people from what is now Argentina, Uruguay, and part of Bolivia declared Independence from the Spanish Empire on 9 July 1816.

References

Ministry of Education: Congress of Tucumán (in Spanish)

History of South America
History of Spain
Ireland is mostly the Republic of Ireland (which does not have a monarchy) and partly Northern Ireland (whose monarch is Elizabeth II). Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a constitutional monarchy. Until the 20th century, all Ireland had a constitutional monarchy and was a part of the United Kingdom since 1801. Monarchies were in existence through most of the history of Ireland.

In the High Middle Ages, the Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland ended when the Normans invaded Ireland. Ireland became a fief of the Papal States (the government of the Pope). The King of England's government started to control many of the lands of Ireland. This continued until the English Reformation, when the Kingdom of England got full ownership of Ireland. The Kingdom of Ireland came into existence in the reign of Henry VIII. Henry VIII was the first to be both King of England and King of Ireland.

The Kingdom of Ireland started in 1542. Before 1603, Ireland shared a monarch with the Kingdom of England (but not with the Kingdom of Scotland) in a personal union. When Henry VIII's daughter Elizabeth I died in 1603, James VI and I became the first to be King of Ireland, King of England, and King of Scotland in a three-kingdom personal union. Between 1603 and 1707, the Kingdom of Ireland shared the monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England. Anne was the Queen of Ireland when the United Kingdom of Great Britain came into existence in 1707. Anne was Queen of Ireland and Queen of Great Britain. Between 1707 and 1801, the Kingdom of Ireland shared the British monarchy with the United Kingdom of Great Britain. (During the government of Oliver Cromwell, the British Isles became a republic: the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland.) George III was King of Ireland when the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland came into existence at the start of 1801. George III was the first to be king of the new kingdom, which combined the whole British Isles (except the Isle of Man) into one kingdom for the first time.

In December 1922, most of Ireland left the United Kingdom to become part of the Irish Free State, a dominion within the British Empire; the rest, Northern Ireland, remained within the United Kingdom. In 1937, after George V died, the Free State changed its laws to give the British monarchs much less power. In April 1949, the Republic of Ireland stopped having a monarchy entirely, and left the Commonwealth of Nations. Since then, the only part of Ireland to have a monarchy is Northern Ireland (because it is part of the United Kingdom). Elizabeth II is the present queen. Charles, Prince of Wales is the heir apparent.

References

Ireland
History of Europe
Monarchy
United Kingdom
Northern Ireland
British royalty
Iberia Parish (, ) is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 73,240. The parish seat is New Iberia.

References

19th-century establishments in Louisiana
1868 establishments in the United States
Louisiana parishes
Champaign County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 40,097. Its county seat is Urbana.

References

1800s establishments in Ohio
1805 establishments in the United States
Ohio counties
Alice Dye (February 19, 1927 – February 1, 2019) was an American amateur golfer and golf course designer. She was known as the "First Lady" of golf architecture in the United States. She was married to Pete Dye. She was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. 

She was a member of the USGA Women's Committee, the LPGA Advisory Council and a member of the Board of Directors of the Women's Western Amateur who honored her with their Woman of Distinction Award. She and her husband established a golf training program at Purdue University.

Dye died on February 1, 2019 in Gulf Stream, Florida at the age of 91.

References

Other websites
American Society of Golf Course Architects profile

American golfers
1927 births
2019 deaths
American architects
Sportspeople from Indianapolis, Indiana
Gulf Stream is a town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The population was 716 at the 2000 census.

References

Towns in Florida
Palm Beach County, Florida
Richard Lawrence Saslaw (born February 5, 1940) is an American politician. He is a Democrat. He was in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1976 to 1980. He was elected to the Senate of Virginia. 

Saslaw has been the leader of the Virginia Senate Democrats since 1998, and is the current Majority Leader since 2020. He was Minority Leader 1998 through 2008 and again from 2012 through 2014.

He ran for Congress in Virginia's 8th congressional district in 1984. He was defeated by then-Congressman Stanford Parris. He was born in Washington, D.C..

References

Other websites
 Constituent/campaign website
 Senate of Virginia profile
 Past member search for Richard Saslaw, from the Virginia House of Delegates
 Richmond Sunlight website
 Virginia Public Access Project
 Profile at Project Vote Smart

1940 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Virginia
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
People from Alexandria, Virginia
US Democratic Party politicians
Woodlands North MRT station (TE1) is a underground Mass Rapid Transit terminal station in Woodlands, Singapore. It is  located near Republic Polytechnic. The station is the northern terminal of the Thomson–East Coast line (TEL).

A planned Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System (RTS) at this station was delayed on 21 May 2019. This is due to Malaysia's financial situation. On 31 October 2019, Malaysia agreed to resume the RTS project at a lower cost although the project is still suspended until 30 April 2020.

History
This station was first announced on 29 August 2012 by then Transport Minister Lui Tuck Yew.

Contract T202 which involves the construction of this station was awarded to Penta-Ocean Construction Co Ltd on 29 November 2013. The cost is S$337 million. Construction of the station began in early 2014.

The station was planned to be open by the end of 2019 as part of the first stage of the TEL. However the station's opening was later changed to 31 January 2020.

References

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Woodlands, Singapore
Woodlands South MRT station (TE3) is a Mass Rapid Transit station on the Thomson–East Coast line in Woodlands, Singapore. It islocated directly under Christ Church Secondary School and near Singapore Sports School. 

The tracks between this station and Springleaf station are the longest on the Thomson–East Coast line.

The station served as a terminus of the Thomson–East Coast line from 31 January 2020 until the opening of second phase of the line on August 28, 2021. Caldecott then serve as the terminus.

History
This station was first announced on 29 August 2012 by then Transport Minister Lui Tuck Yew.

Contract T205 which involves the construction of this station was awarded to Woh Hup Private Limited on 23 August 2013. The station costs is S$144 million Construction of the station started in early 2014. 

The station was planned to be open by the end of 2019 as part of the first stage of the TEL. However the station's opening was later changed to 31 January 2020.

References

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Woodlands, Singapore
Lawrence v. Texas, 539 US 558 (2003), is the primary piece of case law which ultimately decriminalized sodomy in the United States. Ruled upon by the United States Supreme Court in 2003, Lawrence v. Texas concerned a Texas law that criminalized consensual, adult homosexual intercourse which was found unconstitutional under the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Background of the case 
Houston Police were tipped off to a weapons disturbance purportedly from the residence of John Lawrence. Upon entering the apartment, police found Lawrence and Tyron Garner engaging in sexual intercourse. At the time, a statute was in place which banned such homosexual sex acts and further deemed homosexuality a "deviance." Both Lawrence and Garner were arrested and convicted under this statute.

Upon appeal, the Texas State Court of Appeals affirmed the men's convictions citing Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 US 186 (1986), as the controlling case.

Lawrence filed for certiorari to the Supreme Court which was granted in 2003.

Ruling 
In a 6-3 decision, the Supreme Court voted to overturn Lawrence's conviction and declared the Texas anti-sodomy statute unconstitutional. The decision hinged on the right of Lawrence and Garner to engage in private conduct under the Due Process Clause. Justice Anthony Kennedy, writing the majority opinion, stated "[Lawrence and Garner's] right to liberty under the Due Process Clause gives them the full right to engage in their conduct without intervention of the government." The decision to overturn Bowers v. Hardwick was 5-4, with Justice O'Connor (a member of the Bowers majority back in 1986) refusing to overturn Bowers and instead supporting the Lawrence ruling on narrower Equal Protection grounds because the challenged Texas law made male-male sodomy illegal but not male-female sodomy.

Criticism
In a 2004 law review article, U.S. law professors Nelson Lund and John McGinnis criticized Lawrence v. Texas due to its alleged judicial hubris and expressed fears that its extremely broad language could have unexpected consequences in the long(er)-run.

Related pages
United States Obscenity Law

References

Further reading 
Carpenter, Dale. (2012). Flagrant Conduct: The Story of Lawrence V. Texas. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co. Inc.

2003 in Texas
LGBT in the United States
Paraphilias
United States Supreme Court cases
Hester Shaw, later known as Hester Natsworthy, is the lead heroine of Philip Reeve's Mortal Engines Quartet.

Background and life
Hester Shaw, aged around fifteen at the beginning of the Quartet, is the daughter of Thaddeus Valentine and Pandora Shaw. She was raised by Shrike.

Hester is portrayed as having copper hair and gray eyes. She has a scar which cut her face from forehead to jaw, a wrenched mouth, a stump nose, and a single eye.

The character's surname comes from Shaugh Prior.

Role
In the first novel of the Mortal Engines Quartet (known in US as The Hungry City Chronicles), Mortal Engines, her botched assassination attempt on Thaddeus Valentine led to Tom Natsworthy and set off a chain of events that would change a course of history.

In other media
In the Mortal Engines student short film made in 2009, Alyssa Burnett plays Hester. One of her photos are mistakenly identified as a cosplay.

There is a 28mm figure based on Hester Shaw.

In Mortal Engines, the film adaptation of the first book, Hester is portrayed by twenty-eight-year-old Icelandic actress Hera Hilmar as an adult, while the young Hester is played by New Zealand child actress Poppy Macleod. Her scar is heavily toned down, and she is aged to her twenties. Hilmar described her character as challenging to play. Christian Rivers, the director of the film, addressed the fan criticism over Hester's scar, stating that audiences would be "put off the film" if it were more true to the books. The author acknowledged the difference. Other changes include: she lost her mother when she was eight and she fought Valentine aboard his airship.

Related pages
 Mortal Engines Quartet

References

Predator Cities
The Wind in the Willows is a British stop motion animated television series shown by the ITV network from 1984 to 1990 based on Kenneth Grahame's 1908 story The Wind in the Willows. It stars David Jason, Richard Pearson, Michael Hordern, Ian Carmichael, Peter Sallis, Brian Trueman, Jimmy Hibbert, Daphne Oxenford, and Emma Chambers.

Animated television series
1984 television series debuts
1990 television series endings
ITV television programmes
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The 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries and caucuses were a series of elections which took place in many U.S. state's, the District of Columbia, and five U.S. territories. These elections selected the 2,550 delegates to send to the Republican National Convention. The Republican National Convention selected the Republican Party's nominee in the 2020 election. 

On March 17, Donald Trump won more than half of the delegates for the election and became the presumptive nominee. Later, on August 24, the delegates voted for Trump as the official nominee.

Background
Donald Trump launched his bid for re-election on February 18, 2017. Other candidates who ran were Bill Weld, Joe Walsh,and Mark Sanford. Mark Sandord launched the third primary challenge on September 8, 2019 and withdrew from the race two months later.

In February 2019, the Republican National Committee voted to provide undivided support to Trump. Seven states have decided to cancel their primaries and caucuses.

Candidates

Nominee

Other candidates

Convention site

On July 20, 2018, the Republican National Convention chose Charlotte, North Carolina as the site for their 2020 national convention. The convention will be held between August 24 to August 27.

Convention site

On July 20, 2018, the Republican National Convention chose Charlotte, North Carolina as the site for their 2020 national convention. The convention will be held between August 24 to August 27.

Timeline

Notes

References

United States Republican Party
United States presidential primary elections
Republican
The 2020 Republican National Convention was an event in which delegates of the United States Republican Party selected the party's nominees for president and vice president in the 2020 United States presidential election. 

Plans to hold a traditional large-scale convention were canceled a few weeks before the convention, due to the 2020 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. 

The convention was held from August 24 to 27, 2020. The convention renominated Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president.

The convention was originally scheduled to be held at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina, but on June 2, 2020, Trump and the Republican National Committee pulled the event from Charlotte, the North Carolina state government declined to agree to Trump's demand to allow the convention to take place with a full crowd and without public health measures to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Trump then announced that the convention would be moved to Jacksonville, Florida, before canceling Jacksonville convention plans on July 23. Some convention proceedings, albeit dramatically reduced in scale, were held in Charlotte. 

In August 2020, Trump said he would accept the Republican nomination live from the White House. Over 1500 gathered in front of the White House to watch. People were seated  close together, so it did not follow social distancing.

References

Republican
Smithtown is a town in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is on the North Shore of Long Island. This town is an eastern suburb of New York City.

The population was 117,801 at the 2010 Census.

References

Towns in New York
John Carnell Crosbie,  (January 30, 1931 – January 10, 2020) was a Canadian politician. He was the 12th Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador from 2008 through 2013.

He worked as a federal Cabinet minister during the governments of Joe Clark and Brian Mulroney. 

Crosbie ran unsuccessfully for the leadership of the Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador in 1969, losing to Smallwood, and was also a candidate in the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada's 1983 leadership election, placing third. 

Crosbie died on January 10, 2020 after a short-illness at the age of 88.

References

Other websites

1931 births
2020 deaths
Canadian politicians
People from Newfoundland and Labrador
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada
Canadian Queen's Counsel
Werewolf is a hidden role game made by Dmitry Davidoff in 1986. It is also called Mafia. The game is usually between two teams. There is an evil team that less players belong to. This group knows who is good and who is evil. They have to hide that they are evil from the good team. There is the good team, called the village, that has most of the players. People in this team have to find out who is good and bad. Everyone is given their role at the beginning of the game by a person who is not playing, called a moderator. The game has two stages, day and night. At night, everyone closes their eyes. The moderator tells the evil team to open their eyes. They choose someone to kill or remove from the game. Some other roles on both teams can do things at night. In the day, everyone opens their eyes. The players that are still alive will talk to each other about everyone's roles. They also each choose someone to kill, and the person that the most people choose will be killed. The game keeps going until only the members from one team are left.

History 
Dmitry Davidoff (, Dmitry Davydov) is usually said to have made the game. He says he first made the game in Spring 1987 at the Psychology department of Moscow State University. He made it to do psychology research and his job of teaching high school students. It got popular in other Soviet colleges and school in the 1990s. It also started to be played in some parts of Europe and the United States.

Andrew Plotkin made a werewolf theme for the mafia rules in 1997. He said that mafia was not that big of a cultural reference. He also said that werewolves made sense in the rules. Werewolves are bad creatures that hide in the day. Many science fiction writer groups and people at tech events started playing mafia.

A person with the username "mithrandir" ran a game of werewolf on the website The Grey Labyrinth's forum in August 2000. The Grey Labyrinth is a website about solving puzzles. The website says that this was the first werewolf game that was played on a forum.

Some parents in Rockingham complained to a school there. They were scared of bad effects that the game could have on their kids. Davidoff said that the game could "teach kids to distinguish right from wrong." He also said that the good lesson of being honest was stronger than the scariness of the game.

About.com said that Werewolf one of the 50 most important games since 1890.

Playing 
Simpler games have players put into two teams. This is the evil team and the good team. The evil team is called the werewolves. The good team is called the village. Games will need someone who is not playing. This person is called the moderator. Everyone will get a card before the game starts. This card will give them a role. Each role is part of a team. The role might also have powers. These powers can do many things. An example is finding out a player's team.

The game has two stages. These are night and day. At night the werewolves open their eyes. They silently choose who to kill. At day all players vote on someone to lynch. The village also finds out who was killed at night.

References
Damüls is a municipality and popular tourism resort in Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. Damüls also holds the world record of the municipality with the most annual snowfall in Europe – the average is 9.30 meters per year. In 2006, Damüls was awarded the honorary title "the snowiest village in the world".

References

Other websites 

 Official website of Damüls 

Settlements in Vorarlberg
David Dixon Porter (June 8, 1813 – February 13, 1891) was a United States Navy admiral. Porter helped improve the Navy as the Superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy after significant service in the American Civil War.

He died at the age of 77 on the morning of February 13, 1891 of a heart attack.

Porter is interred at Arlington National Cemetery.

References

1813 births
1891 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
American military people
People from Pennsylvania
Chester is a city in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. With a population of 33,972 at the 2010 census, it is the largest city in Delaware County. It is located on the western bank of the Delaware River between the cities of Philadelphia and Wilmington, Delaware.

References

Cities in Pennsylvania
Navid Negahban (; born June 2, 1968) is an Iranian-American actor. He has appeared on 24, Homeland, Mistresses and as Amahl Farouk / Shadow King in the second and third seasons of FX's Legion.

He has also starred as The Sultan in the live-action remake of Aladdin.

References

Other websites

1968 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American movie actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Iranian actors
Tom Natsworthy is the lead protagonist of Philip Reeve's Mortal Engines Quartet trilogy.

Role
In the first novel of the Mortal Engines Quartet (known in US as The Hungry City Chronicles), Mortal Engines, he starts with an ordinary teenager who is an apprentice historian.

In other media
In Mortal Engines, the film adaptation of the first book, Hester is portrayed by twenty-nine-year-old Irish actor Robert Sheehan as an adult.

Related pages
 Mortal Engines Quartet

References

Predator Cities
Guido Messina (4 January 1931 – 10 January 2020) was an Italian road and track cyclist. He won a gold medal with the Italian team at the 1952 Olympics. Between 1954 and 1963 he rode professionally and won the first stage of the 1955 Giro d'Italia. He was born in Monreale, Italy.

Messina died on 10 January 2020 in Torino, Italy at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1931 births
2020 deaths
Italian cyclists
Italian Olympians
Olympic gold medalists
The Kufstein District is a district in Tyrol, Austria. It borders Bavaria (Germany) in the north, the Kitzbühel district in the southeast, and the Schwaz district in the southwest. It has an area of 969.81 km². As of 2012, 101,321 people lived there. The administrative center is Kufstein.

The district has the lower part of the Tyrolean Inn valley as far as the Bavarian border, the Alpbach valley, the Brandenberg valley, Wildschönau, and Thiersee. Mountain ranges within the district include the Brandenberg Alps, Kitzbühel Alps, and the Kaisergebirge. The largest lakes are the Reintal lakes, Thiersee, Hechtsee, Hintersteiner See and Walchsee.

Places 
The district has 30 municipalities, three of them are towns, and two of them are market towns.

Towns 
 Kufstein
 Rattenberg
 Wörgl

Market towns 
 Brixlegg
 Kundl

Municipalities 
 Alpbach
 Angath
 Angerberg
 Bad Häring
 Brandenberg
 Breitenbach am Inn
 Ebbs
 Ellmau
 Erl
 Kirchbichl
 Kramsach
 Langkampfen
 Mariastein
 Münster
 Niederndorf
 Niederndorferberg
 Radfeld
 Reith im Alpbachtal
 Rettenschöss
 Scheffau am Wilden Kaiser
 Schwoich
 Söll
 Thiersee
 Walchsee
 Wildschönau

Districts of Tyrol (state)
Galen Cole (November 29, 1925 – January 9, 2020) was an American military personnel of World War II and philanthropist. He was born in Bangor, Maine, Cole managed the Cole Land Transportation Museum and the Walking Sticks for Veterans program. He organized many activities and charity drives for veterans and related causes in Bangor. He was part of the United States Marines and was a Purple Heart recipient.

Cole died on January 9, 2020 in Bangor at the age of 94.

References

People from Bangor, Maine
1925 births
2020 deaths
Businesspeople from Maine
American military personnel of World War II
American philanthropists
Wolfgang Dauner (30 December 1935 – 10 January 2020) was a German jazz fusion pianist. He worked in the United Jazz and Rock Ensemble and with Hans Koller, Albert Mangelsdorff, Volker Kriegel and Ack van Rooyen. In 1969, he was leader and composer for Radio Jazz Group Stuttgart. A year later he started the jazz rock band Et Cetera.

Dauner died on 10 January 2020 in Stuttgart, Germany at the age of 84.

References

1935 births
2020 deaths
German pianists
Jazz musicians
People from Stuttgart
20th-century German composers
21st-century German composers
A Bildungsroman is a kind of novel. It is often called a "coming-of-age" story in English. The word comes from German. "Bildung" means "education", and "Roman", means "novel."  This genre is about the psychological and moral growth of the main character from youth to adulthood.  The ways the character changes are important.

References

Genres
"The Day Before the Revolution" is a  science fiction short story by American writer Ursula K. Le Guin, first published in 1974.

It is a short story that happens before the story in the novel The Dispossessed. The main character is "Odo". She is the woman who led the revolution that started the anarchist society in The Dispossessed.

References

Short stories
Science fiction
The Puppy Dog Pals is a Disney Junior cartoon. In it, pug dogs Bingo and Rolly go on adventures while their master, Bob, is out the house.

The pups are with a cat named Hissy and another dog, Jackie, sometimes.

The television series began on the Disney Junior on April 14, 2017.

Awards and nominations

References

Television series by Disney
2017 establishments
English-language television programs
The PJ Masks is an animated children's television series. It began on the Disney Junior on September 18, 2015, on France 5 on 18 December 2015 and on the Disney Junior in Canada on February 7, 2016. The series is based on the Les Pyjamasques book series by Romuald Racioppo.

Three 6 year old kids, Amaya, Connor and Greg become the fictional characters Owlette (an owl), Catboy (a cat) and Gekko (a lizard), or the PJ Masks. Together, the characters save the day and seldom lose.

The villains of the show include Night Ninja, Romeo and Luna Girl.

Awards and nominations

References

Television series by Disney
Animated television series
2015 establishments
English-language television programs
Xavier Riddle and the Secret Museum is an American-Canadian animated television show that premiered on November 12, 2019 by 9 Story Media Group and Brown Bag Films for PBS Kids. It is a concept of the children's book written by Brad Meltzer and Chris Eliopoulos, named Ordinary People Change the World. The series involves Xavier Riddle with his friends, Yadina, Brad, and Berby, at the Secret Museum and help historical heroes that are from the past.

Cast 
 Aidan Vissers as Xavier Riddle
 Zoe Hatz as Yadina Riddle
 Wyatt White as Brad Scott

International broadcast 
The show is also broadcast in:
  — TVOKids (since December 10, 2019)
  — Yle TV2 (2020)
  — Hop! Channel (2020)

References

Other websites

 

2010s television series
2019 television series debuts
American animated movies
American television series
Animated television series
Canadian animated television series
Canadian television series
PBS Kids shows
Luky Luke is the name of a cartoon character, and his adventures. Morris started the series in the 1940s, and together with René Goscinny, contributed to it until his death in 1977.

Fictional characters
The Reutte District is a district in Tyrol, Austria. It borders Bavaria (Germany) in the north, the districts Imst and Landeck in the south, and Bregenz and Bludenz (both Vorarlberg) in the west. The district is also referred to as “Außerfern”.

It has an area of is 1,236.37 km². As of 2012, 31,758 people lived there. The administrative center is Reutte.

Geography 
The district has the valleys of the Lech, the Tannheimer Tal, and the so-called Zwischentoren between Reutte and Fern Pass. Mountain ranges in the district include parts of the Lechtal Alps, Wetterstein Mountains, Allgäu Alps and Tannheim Mountains. Important lakes include Plansee, Heiterwanger See, Haldensee, and Vilsalpsee.

Places 
The district has 37 municipalities:
 Bach
 Berwang
 Biberwier
 Bichlbach
 Breitenwang
 Ehenbichl
 Ehrwald
 Elbigenalp
 Elmen
 Forchach
 Grän
 Gramais
 Häselgehr
 Heiterwang
 Hinterhornbach
 Höfen
 Holzgau
 Jungholz
 Kaisers
 Lechaschau
 Lermoos
 Musau
 Namlos
 Nesselwängle
 Pfafflar
 Pflach
 Pinswang
 Reutte
 Schattwald
 Stanzach
 Steeg
 Tannheim
 Vils
 Vorderhornbach
 Wängle
 Weißenbach am Lech
 Zöblen

Districts of Tyrol (state)
The Wiener Neustadt-Land District is a district in the state of Lower Austria in Austria.

Municipalities 
Suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are indicated in small characters.
 Bad Erlach
Brunn bei Pitten, Erlach, Linsberg
 Bad Fischau-Brunn
Bad Fischau, Brunn an der Schneebergbahn
 Bad Schönau
Almen, Bad Schönau, Leitenviertel, Maierhöfen, Schlägen, Schützenkasten, Wenigreith
 Bromberg
Breitenbuch, Bromberg, Schlag, Schlag, Schlatten
 Ebenfurth
Ebenfurth, Großmittel, Haschendorf
 Eggendorf
 Felixdorf
 Gutenstein
Gutenstein, Hintergschaid, Klostertal, Längapiesting, Steinapiesting, Urgersbach, Vorderbruck, Zellenbach
 Hochneukirchen-Gschaidt
Burgerschlag, Grametschlag, Gschaidt, Harmannsdorf, Hattmannsdorf, Hochneukirchen, Kirchschlagl, Loipersdorf, Maltern, Offenegg, Ulrichsdorf, Züggen
 Hochwolkersdorf
Hackbichl, Hochwolkersdorf-Dorf, Hochwolkersdorf-Zerstreut, Rosenbrunn
 Hohe Wand
Gaaden, Maiersdorf, Netting, Stollhof
 Hollenthon
Blumau, Gleichenbach, Grohdorf, Hollenthon, Horndorf, Lehen, Michelbach, Mittereck, Obereck, Pürahöfen, Spratzau, Spratzeck, Stickelberg, Untereck
 Katzelsdorf
 Kirchschlag in der Buckligen Welt
Aigen, Kirchschlag in der Buckligen Welt, Lembach, Stang, Straß, Thomasdorf, Ungerbach
 Krumbach
Krumbach-Amt, Krumbach-Markt
 Lanzenkirchen
Frohsdorf, Haderswörth, Kleinwolkersdorf, Lanzenkirchen, Ofenbach
 Lichtenegg
 Lichtenwörth
Amlos, Feichten, Kaltenberg, Kühbach, Lichtenegg, Maierhöfen, Pengersdorf, Pesendorf, Pregart, Pregart, Pürahöfen, Purgstall, Ransdorf, Schlagergraben, Spratzau, Tafern, Thal, Tiefenbach, Wäschau, Wieden, Winkl
 Markt Piesting
Dreistetten, Markt Piesting
 Matzendorf-Hölles
Hölles, Matzendorf
 Miesenbach
 Muggendorf
Kreuth, Muggendorf, Thal
 Pernitz
Feichtenbach, Pernitz
 Rohr im Gebirge
 Schwarzenbach
Schwarzenbach, Schwarzenbach-Zerstreut
 Sollenau
 Theresienfeld
 Waidmannsfeld
Neusiedl, Schallhof, Waidmannsfeld
 Waldegg
Dürnbach, Ober-Piesting, Oed, Peisching, Reichental, Waldegg, Wopfing
 Walpersbach
Klingfurth, Schleinz, Schleinz, Walpersbach
 Weikersdorf am Steinfelde
 Wiesmath
 Winzendorf-Muthmannsdorf
Emmerberg, Muthmannsdorf, Winzendorf
 Wöllersdorf-Steinabrückl
Steinabrückl, Wöllersdorf
 Zillingdorf
Zillingdorf, Zillingdorf-Bergwerk

Districts of Lower Austria
The Hollabrunn District is a district in the state of 
Lower Austria in Austria.

Municipalities 
Towns are indicated in boldface; market towns in italics; suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are indicated in small characters.
 Alberndorf im Pulkautal
 Göllersdorf
 Bergau, Eitzersthal, Furth, Göllersdorf, Großstelzendorf, Obergrub, Oberparschenbrunn, Porrau, Schönborn, Untergrub, Viendorf, Wischathal
 Grabern
 Mittergrabern, Obergrabern, Ober-Steinabrunn, Schöngrabern, Windpassing
 Guntersdorf
 Großnondorf, Guntersdorf
 Hadres
 Hadres, Obritz, Untermarkersdorf
 Hardegg
 Felling, Hardegg, Heufurth, Mallersbach, Merkersdorf, Niederfladnitz, Pleißing, Riegersburg, Waschbach
 Haugsdorf
 Auggenthal, Haugsdorf, Jetzelsdorf, Kleinhaugsdorf
 Heldenberg
 Glaubendorf, Großwetzdorf, Kleinwetzdorf, Oberthern, Unterthern
 Hohenwarth-Mühlbach am Manhartsberg
 Bösendürnbach, Ebersbrunn, Hohenwarth, Mühlbach am Manhartsberg, Olbersdorf, Ronthal, Zemling
 Hollabrunn
 Altenmarkt im Thale, Aspersdorf, Breitenwaida, Dietersdorf, Eggendorf im Thale, Enzersdorf im Thale, Groß Hollabrunn, Kleedorf, Kleinkadolz, Kleinstelzendorf, Kleinstetteldorf, Magersdorf, Mariathal, Oberfellabrunn, Puch, Raschala, Sonnberg, Suttenbrunn, Weyerburg, Wieselsfeld, Wolfsbrunn
 Mailberg
 Mailberg, Eggendorf am Walde, Grübern, Gumping, Klein-Burgstall, Limberg, Maissau, Oberdürnbach, Reikersdorf, Unterdürnbach, Wilhelmsdorf
 Maissau
 Nappersdorf-Kammersdorf
 Dürnleis, Haslach, Kammersdorf, Kleinsierndorf, Kleinweikersdorf, Nappersdorf
 Pernersdorf
 Karlsdorf, Peigarten, Pernersdorf, Pfaffendorf, Ragelsdorf
 Pulkau
 Groß-Reipersdorf, Leodagger, Passendorf, Pulkau, Rafing, Rohrendorf an der Pulkau, Dopinghofen
 Ravelsbach
 Baierdorf, Gaindorf, Minichhofen, Oberravelsbach, Parisdorf, Pfaffstetten, Ravelsbach
 Retz
 Hofern, Kleinhöflein, Kleinriedenthal, Obernalb, Retz, Unternalb
 Retzbach
 Mitterretzbach, Oberretzbach, Unterretzbach
 Schrattenthal
 Obermarkersdorf, Schrattenthal, Waitzendorf
 Seefeld-Kadolz
 Großkadolz, Seefeld
 Sitzendorf an der Schmida
 Braunsdorf, Frauendorf an der Schmida, Goggendorf, Kleinkirchberg, Niederschleinz, Pranhartsberg, Roseldorf, Sitzendorf an der Schmida, Sitzenhart
 Wullersdorf
 Aschendorf, Grund, Hart, Hetzmannsdorf, Immendorf, Kalladorf, Maria Roggendorf, Oberstinkenbrunn, Schalladorf, Wullersdorf
 Zellerndorf
 Deinzendorf, Dietmannsdorf, Pillersdorf, Platt, Watzelsdorf, Zellerndorf
 Ziersdorf
 Dippersdorf, Fahndorf, Gettsdorf, Großmeiseldorf, Hollenstein, Kiblitz, Radlbrunn, Rohrbach, Ziersdorf

Districts of Lower Austria
The Portuguese Colonial War (Portuguese: Guerra Colonial Portuguesa) was fought between Portugal's military and the emerging nationalist movements in Portugal's African colonies between 1961 and 1974. Portugal fought the MPLA, FNLA, UNITA and FLEC in Angola between 1961 and 1974. Also, they fought the PAIGC in Guinea-Bissau between 1963 and 1974. Lastly, they fought the FRELIMO in Mozambique between 1964 and 1974.

References

Related pages 
 Angolan War of Independence (1961–1974)
 Guinea-Bissau War of Independence (1963–1974)
 Mozambican War of Independence (1964–1974)
 Angolan Civil War (1975–2002)
 Mozambican Civil War (1977–1992)

Other websites

  Guerra Colonial: 1961–1974 (guerracolonial.org) 
 Repression of Buddhism in Sri Lanka by the Portuguese (1505 - 1658)

History of Angola
Wars involving Portugal
Abderrazak Rassaa (‎; 4 January 1930 – 7 January 2020) was a Tunisian politician. He was born in Tunis. He was a member of the Socialist Destourian Party. He served as Minister of Finance from 1969 to 1971. He was also Minister of Industry from 1968 to 1969.

Rassaa died on 7 January 2020, at the age of 90.

References

2020 deaths
1930 births
People from Tunis
Tunisian politicians
Midsommar is a 2019 folk horror movie written and directed by Ari Aster. The movie stars Florence Pugh, Jack Reynor, William Jackson Harper, Vilhelm Blomgren, and Will Poulter. It follows a group of friends who travel to Sweden for a midsummmer festival that occurs once every ninety years and find themselves in the clutches of a dangerous pagan cult.

Cast 

Florence Pugh as Dani Ardor
Jack Reynor as Christian Hughes
William Jackson Harper as Josh
Vilhelm Blomgren as Pelle
Will Poulter as Mark

References

Other websites

 Midsommar on IMDb

2019 horror movies
American horror movies
Hungarian movies
Swedish movies
Oliver Batali Albino (11 November 1935 – 4 January 2020) was a South Sudanese politician, civil servant and writer. He was born in Yei. He served as Minister of Housing and Public Utilities from 1975 to 1978 and as Minister of Labour in 1985. In July 2011, he became a member of South Sudan's Council of States.

On 4 January 2020, Albino died of heart failure in Augusta, Georgia, United States. He was 84.

References 

1935 births
2020 deaths
African politicians
African writers
Civil servants
Deaths from heart failure
South Sudanese people
Madison County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 131,636 people lived there. The county seat is Anderson.

References 

1823 establishments in Indiana
Indiana counties
Florence Pugh (born January 3, 1996) is an English actress. She made her professional acting debut in the mystery film The Falling (2014) and gained recognition for her portrayal of an unhappily married woman in the independent drama Lady Macbeth (2016). Her performance in the latter film won her the British Independent Film Award for Best Actress.

Pugh's breakthrough came in 2019, during which she received positive reviews for her portrayals of professional wrestler Paige in the biographical sports film Fighting with My Family, an emotionally troubled woman in the horror film Midsommar, and Amy March in the coming-of-age film Little Women. For the lattermost, she received a BAFTA Award nomination for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

Other websites

 Florence Pugh on IMDb

English movie actors
English television actors
1996 births
Living people
People from Oxford
Black Widow is 2020 American thriller superhero movie directed by Cate Shortland. The movie is a spin-off to the Avengers franchise as well as the twenty-fourth film of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It stars Scarlett Johansson, David Harbour, Florence Pugh, O-T Fagbenle, William Hurt, Rachel Weisz. It is the twenty-fourth movie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.

Plot
After the events of Avengers: Infinity War, Natasha Romanoff is alone and has to face her past. With an unstoppable evil after her, Romanoff must deal with her history as a spy and the mistakes from before her time as an Avenger.

Cast 
 Scarlett Johansson as Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow
 David Harbour as Alexei Shostakov / Red Guardian
 Florence Pugh as Yelena Belova / Black Widow
 O-T Fagbenle as Rick Mason
 William Hurt as Thaddeus Ross
 Rachel Weisz as Melina Vostokoff / Black Widow
 Olga Kurylenko as Antonia Dreykov/Taskmaster
Ray Winstone as Dreykov
Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Contessa Valentina Allegra De Fontaine (uncredited)
Jeremy Renner as Clint Barton/Hawkeye (uncredited)

References

Other websites 

 Black Widow on IMDb

2021 movies
Marvel Comics movies
American superhero movies
Movies based on works by Stan Lee
2020s superhero movies
Henry County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 49,462 people lived there. The county seat and largest and only city is New Castle.

References 

1822 establishments in Indiana
Indiana counties
Grant County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 70,061 people lived there. The county seat is Marion.

References 

19th-century establishments in Indiana
1831 establishments in the United States
Indiana counties
Howard County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 82,752 people lived there. The county seat is Kokomo.

References 

19th-century establishments in Indiana
1844 establishments in the United States
Indiana counties