cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Garth Brooks is the eponymous debut studio album of American country music artist Garth Brooks, released on April 12, 1989 through Capitol Nashville. It was both a critical and chart success, peaking at #13 on the Billboard 200. On the Top Country Albums chart the album peaked at #2 for eight weeks behind Clint Black's Killin' Time. In 2006 Garth Brooks was certified Diamond by the RIAA for shipments of 10 million copies in the US.

This album contains Brooks' earliest hits, for instance his first ever single, "Much Too Young (To Feel This Damn Old)", which peaked at #8 on the Country Billboard Charts in 1989. It put the name of an independent cowboy singer, Chris LeDoux, into the mainstream due to the lyric "The worn out tape of Chris LeDoux" Two other strong starts include his first #1, "If Tomorrow Never Comes" and the Academy of Country Music's 1990 Song of the Year and Video of the Year, "The Dance" (another #1).

Background

Brooks commented on the album, saying:

Track listing

Original Release
"Not Counting You" (Garth Brooks) – 2:30
"I've Got a Good Thing Going" (Larry Bastian, Sandy Mahl, Brooks) – 2:50   
"If Tomorrow Never Comes" (Kent Blazy, Brooks) – 3:37
"Everytime That It Rains" (Charley Stefl, Ty England, Brooks) – 4:07
"Alabama Clay" (Larry Cordle, Ronny Scaife) – 3:35
"Much Too Young (To Feel This Damn Old)" (Randy Taylor, Brooks) – 2:53
"Cowboy Bill" (Bastian, Ed Berghoff) – 4:28
"Nobody Gets Off in This Town" (Bastian, DeWayne Blackwell) – 2:17
"I Know One" (Jack Clement) – 2:49
"The Dance" (Tony Arata) – 3:37

Limited Series Release
"Not Counting You"
"I've Got a Good Thing Going"
"Uptown Down Home Good Ol' Boy"
"If Tomorrow Never Comes"
"Everytime That It Rains"
"Alabama Clay"
"Much Too Young (To Feel This Damn Old)"
"Cowboy Bill"
"Nobody Gets Off in This Town"
"I Know One"
"The Dance"

Chart performance
Garth Brooks peaked at #13 on the U.S. Billboard 200, and peaked at #2 on the Top Country Albums.

Charts

Sales and Certifications

Singles

Personnel
Bruce Bouton - steel guitar
Garth Brooks - lead and backing vocals
Mark Casstevens - acoustic guitar
Mike Chapman - bass
Kathy Chiavola - backing vocals
Rob Hajacos - fiddle
Wendy Johnson - backing vocals
Chris Leuzinger - electric guitar
Jennifer O'Brien - backing vocals
Wayland Patton - backing vocals
Milton Sledge - drums
Hurshel Wiginton - backing vocals
Bobby Wood - keyboards, synthesizer
Trisha Yearwood - backing vocals
Nashville String Machine

Notable covers
Punk rock cover artists Me First and the Gimme Gimmes released a version of 'Much Too Young (To Feel This Damn Old)' as the first track on their October 2006 album Me First and the Gimme Gimmes Love Their Country.

If 'Tomorrow Never Comes' has been covered by Ronan Keating (former lead singer of Irish group Boyzone)

References

Garth Brooks albums
Darío Barrio Domínguez  (1972 – 6 June 2014) was a Spanish television chef. He was best known for presenting Cuatro's Todos contra el chef for sixteen episodes from 2005 until 2006.

Barrio was born in Madrid and began cooking at the age of fourteen. After studying, he traveled to countries such as France, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States for thirteen years to cook.

Barrio died in a BASE jumping accident on 6 June 2014 in Segura de la Sierra, Jaén, aged 42. The act was meant to be a tribute to Álvaro Bultó, who died the same way in August 2013.

References

Other websites
 

1972 births
2014 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
BASE jumpers
Chefs
Deaths in sport
Entertainers from Madrid
Sportspeople from Madrid
Television presenters
The 1981–85 Nordic Football Championship was the 13th Nordic Football Championship. Four Nordic countries were in the tournament, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Denmark ended up winning their 3rd title.

Results

References 

Nordic Football Championship
1980s in Norway
20th century in Denmark
20th century in Finland
1980s in Sweden
Football in Norway
Football in Denmark
Football in Finland
Football in Sweden
1981 in sports
1982 in association football
1983 in sports
1984 in sports
1985 in association football
The 1978–80 Nordic Football Championship was the 12th Nordic Football Championship. Four Nordic countries were in the tournament, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Denmark ended up winning their 2nd title.

Results

References 

Nordic Football Championship
1980 in sports
1970s in Norway
20th century in Denmark
20th century in Finland
1970s in Sweden
1980s in Sweden
1980s in Norway
1978 in sports
1979 in sports
The 1972–77 Nordic Football Championship was the 11th Nordic Football Championship. Four Nordic countries were in the tournament, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Sweden ended up winning their 9th title.

Results

References 

Nordic Football Championship
1970s in Norway
1970s in Sweden
20th century in Denmark
20th century in Finland
1972 in sports
1973 in sports
1974 in association football
1975 in sports
1976 in sports
1977 in sports
Micromoths, or microlepidoptera is a group of moth families. They are very common, but much smaller than the more familiar butterflies and moths. They have wingspans of under 20 mm, and are hard to see well enough to identify. 

They have some lifestyles different from the larger lepidoptera, but this is not an identifying mark. The group is not monophyletic, so the term 'micromoth' is just a convenient label. It can be contrasted with macrolepidoptera, the larger types.

Micromoths include no butterflies, but they do have a number of day-flying groups. The coming of digital macrophotography. is making them much easier to identify.

In considering microsize prey, one should see the issue from the perspective of their main predator, which is birds taking larvae to feed their chicks. Birds take a stupendous number of insect larvae to feed their chicks. One kind of defence is to eat food which is distasteful to birds. Many grubs put away ("sequester") poisonous compounds from the plants they eat. That makes them unpalatable to birds and their chicks. Another kind of defence is to be "not worth chasing", when the energy expended by the bird is not worth the energy gained by eating the prey. Micromoths and their microgrubs are not worth chasing for many birds. Thus they gain in having less rigorous predation from their main enemy. Much the same is true of microflies, which are also common. A similar argument explains that bats may go for larger, plumper flying adults where the energy gained is large compared to the energy spent catching them.

Related pages 
Clothes moth

References 

Moths
James Nash "Jim" Siedow (June 12, 1920 – November 20, 2003) was an American actor. He is best known for his role of Drayton "The Cook" Sawyer in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2.

Other websites 

1920 births
2003 deaths
Actors from Wyoming
American movie actors
People from Cheyenne, Wyoming
Deaths from emphysema
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Forestville is a village in Chautauqua County, New York, United States. The population was 697 at the 2010 census.

Villages in New York
Fernando Lúcio da Costa (18 March 1978 – 7 June 2014), better known as Fernandão, was a Brazilian footballer. He played professionally as a striker from 1996 until 2011. He was born in Goiânia, Goiás.

Fernandão first played for Goiás, before moving to France to play for Olympique de Marseille. While playing for Marseille, he was loaned to Toulouse. He later returned to Brazil to play for Internacional from 2004 until 2008. He soon played in Qatar for Al-Gharafa. In 2009, he returned to Goiás for a season. He played his final season for São Paulo in 2010/11. He also played for the national team for one match in 2005. For four months in 2012, he coached Internacional with very little success.

Fernandão was one of five people killed in a helicopter crash on 7 June 2014 in Aruanã, Goiás. He was 36 and died less than a week before the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. His wife, Fernanda Costa, and his two twin sons, Eloa and Enzo, outlived him.

References

Other websites
  

1978 births
2014 deaths
Aviation deaths
Brazilian footballers
Forbing is an unincorporated community in Caddo Parish, Louisiana, United States. The elevation of Forbing is 203 feet. Caddo Parish is in the Central Time Zone.

References 

Unincorporated communities in Louisiana
Settlements in Caddo Parish, Louisiana
Marthaville is an unincorporated community in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States.

Census-designated places in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
Don Davis (October 25, 1938 – June 5, 2014) was a Grammy Award-winning writer and record producer. Davis combined a music career with that of banking. He is known for producing "Money (That's What I Want)", "Bye Bye Baby", "Who's Making Love", and "Disco Lady".

Davis was born in Detroit. He lived in West Bloomfield Township, north of Detroit. Davis died there after a short illness in June 2014, aged 75. He is survived by a wife and three children.

References

Grammy Award winners
1938 births
2014 deaths
African American musicians
American record producers
Businesspeople from Michigan
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Businesspeople from Detroit, Michigan
Alhaji Dr. Ado Abdullahi Bayero (CFR, LLD, JP) (25 July 1930 – 6 June 2014) was the Emir of Kano in Nigeria from 1963 to his death in 2014. Bayero was seen as one of Nigeria's most famous and revered Muslim leaders.

He was born in Kano, Nigeria. Bayero was targeted for an assassination attempt in late 2013. He survived the attack with minor injuries. He died in Kano, Nigeria from an illness, aged 83.

References

1930 births
2014 deaths
Crime victims
Disease-related deaths in Nigeria
Muslims
Nigerian people
Tracy Jamal Morgan (born November 10, 1968) is an American actor and comedian. He is best-known for being a cast member on Saturday Night Live (SNL) and for his role as Tracy Jordan on the TV series 30 Rock.

Early life  

Morgan was born in the Bronx and grew up on a housing project in Bedford-Stuyvestant, Brooklyn. He was the second oldest child of Jimmy and Alicia Morgan. In 1987 he left high school before graduating. Already married, he began earning money performing comedy on the streets.

Career 

Morgan began finding work as a stand-up comedian. In 1992 he appeared as a guest on Martin Lawrence's TV show Martin. In 1996 he became a cast member of SNL. Morgan has appeared in many movies such as Rio and its sequel Rio 2, G-Force, Death at a Funeral, Superhero Movie, and in Are We There Yet?.

Personal life 

Morgan married his girlfriend Sabrina in 1987. The couple had three sons, born in 1986, 1987 and 1991. They divorced in 2009. Morgan has been engaged since 2011. His fiancée, model Megan Wollover, gave birth to their daughter in 2013. His autobiography, I Am the New Black was released in 2009. He had a kidney transplant in 2010. Wollover and Morgan were married in 2015.

In June 2014, Morgan was involved in a six-vehicle accident in New Jersey. He was in critical condition at a New Brunswick hospital. After nine days he was upgraded to fair condition. A passenger in Morgan's vehicle, James McNair, was killed. Morgan was released from the hospital on June 20, 2014 and transferred to a rehabilitation center. He soon made a full recovery.

References

Other websites
 
 

1968 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
African American comedians
African-American movie actors
African-American television actors
American autobiographers
American television presenters
American voice actors
Comedians from New York City
Organ transplant recipients
Television personalities from New York City
Blake and the Aliens is an American TV show by Marathon Media and Nickelodeon. The series will premiere in April 2015 in the United States and in autumn 2015 in France.

The series is about Blake Meyers, an adventurous boy who is destined to one day become a Space Ranger who protects humanity from alien squirrels called "Squaliens". The alien squirrels are sent back in time to prevent Blake from ever becoming the adult hero

References 

Children's television series
2015 television series debuts
2015 television series endings
Snot is an American hardcore punk band from Santa Barbara, California. 

Snot was formed in 1995 by lead singer Lynn Strait and guitarist Mike Doling. The band then signed with Geffen Records and worked on their debut album Get Some which was released on May 27, 1997. Snot performed on the Ozzfest 1998 tour. Lead singer Lynn Strait was arrested for indecent exposure in Mansfield, Massachusetts on July 9, 1998 after he was dared by singer Fred Durst to exit nude from the oversized toilet prop that was used by Limp Bizkit in their performances. Strait along with his boxer and band mascot Dobbs died in a six-car crash on December 11, 1998 after a pickup truck struck his car. 

The band would then disband after his death. The band would reunite and disband many times afterwards. Their latest reunion was on February 11, 2014 at the Whisky a Go Go in Hollywood.

Band members 
Original
Lynn Strait — Vocals (1995–1998) (†)
Mike Doling – Guitar (1995–1998, 2008–2011)
Sonny Mayo – drums (1995–1998, 2008–2009)
John Fahnestock – Bass (1995–1998, 2008–2011)
Jamie Miller – Drums (1996–1998, 2008–2011)

Others
James Fed Carrol - drums (1995-1996)
Shannon Larkin - drums (1998)
Mike Smith - guitar (1998)
Tommy Vext - vocals (2008–2009)
Brandon Espinoza - vocals (2009–2010)

Discography

Albums
Get Some (1997)
Strait Up (2000)Alive! (2002)

References

1995 establishments in California
1998 disestablishments in the United States
American heavy metal bands
Hardcore punk
Musical groups from California
Santa Barbara, California
1990s disestablishments in California
Caroline "Carrie" Snodgress (27 October 1945 – 1 April 2004) was an American actress. She played Tina Balser in Diary of a Mad Housewife. In The Attic (1980) she played Louise Elmore.

Snodgress was born on 27 October, 1946 in Park Ridge, Illinois. She died from heart and liver failure in Los Angeles on 1 April 2004. She was age 58.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

Other websites 

Actors from Illinois
American movie actors
American television actors
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from liver failure
Disease-related deaths in the United States
1945 births
2004 deaths
People from Park Ridge, Illinois
Across the Tracks is a 1991 American independent drama movie. This movie is about two brothers who have gone different ways in the past. They are learning to deal with each other again. Joe is played by Brad Pitt. Carrie Snodgress plays Rosemary Maloney.

Other websites 

1990s drama movies
1991 movies
American drama movies
American independent movies
Billy Bathgate is a 1991 American crime movie. It is based on the novel of the same name. Dustin Hoffman plays Billy Bathgate. Nicole Kidman plays Drew Preston. Steve Buscemi plays Irwin. Bruce Willis plays Bo. This movie is about gangsters in the 1930s in The Bronx.

The movie got mixed reviews by critics. It did not make much money. It was released in November 1991.

Other websites 

1991 movies
1990s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
Gangster movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in the 1930s
Movies directed by Robert Benton
Bugsy is a 1991 American crime drama movie. Warren Beatty plays the title character. Annette Bening plays Virginia Hill. Harvey Keitel plays Mickey Cohen. The movie is about Bugsy Siegel, a gangster who works for the New York City mob, goes to California and then falls in love with Virginia Hill.

Bugsy received very positive reviews from the critics. It won Academy Awards for Best Costume Design and Best Art Direction-Set Decoration. It was nominated for other Academy Awards, including Best Picture, the Best Director and the Best Cinematography.

The movie was released in December 1991.

References

Other websites 

1991 movies
1990s biographical movies
1990s crime drama movies
American biographical movies
American crime drama movies
Gangster movies
Movies set in California
Movies set in New York
Movies set in the 1940s
Movies directed by Barry Levinson
Divergent is the 2011 debut novel of author Veronica Roth. Roth started writing Divergent in college, and continued afterwards to write two sequels, Insurgent and Allegiant. The book reached number six on the New York Times Best Sellers lists.

Divergent is a dystopian novel about a sixteen year old girl named Beatrice Prior. In this world, everyone is split into five factions: Dauntless the brave, Erudite the smart, Amity the peaceful, Abnegation the selfless, and Candor the honest. However, some people, such as Beatrice, are Divergent, meaning they belong in multiple categories.

The book was adapted into a movie in 2014.

References

Young adult novels
Matched is a 2010 dystopian novel by Ally Condie. The book was followed by two sequels, 'Crossed' and Reached.

Matched tells the story of seventeen year old Cassia Reyes. She lives in a world where at age seventeen, everyone is matched with who they will marry. You marry at age 21 and have children at age 24. And you die at age 80. However, despite being matched, Cassia finds that she loves someone else.

Young adult novels
The Fire of Manisa refers to the burning of the city of Manisa in Turkey by the Greek army. It happened during the Greco Turkish War of 1919-1922. The town was burned between 5 and 8 September 1922. More than 10,000 buildings were destroyed. This was about 90 percent of the town. Thousands of people died in the flames or were shot dead by the Greeks. Turkish sources claim 4,355 died and 300 girls were raped.

The events

The town of Manisa was part of the Ottoman Empire. Turks and Greeks were living there together. The Greeks wanted Manisa to become part of Greece. In May 1919 a Greek army occupied the town. Then there was war between Greeks and Turks for three years. In the summer of 1922 Turks defeated the Greeks. The Greeks fled to the Aegean Sea to be transferred to Greece. During their retreat the Greeks burned towns and villages of Turks. Manisa too was burned down. The local Turks fled to the mountains. Most of the town was destroyed and later rebuilt. Some Turkish authors wrote about their experiences in Turkish literature.

In Turkish literature 
The Turkish journalist Falih Rıfkı Atay wrote:

References 

1922 in Europe
1920s in Greece
1920s in Turkey
Fires in Asia
September events
Jacques Herlin (17 August 1927 – 7 June 2014) was a French character actor. He was active from 1956 until his death. His acting career stated off as appearing in comedy movies such as Don Camillo in Moscow (1965), Sexy Susan Sins Again (1968) and Property Is No Longer a Theft (1973). His later movies were National Lampoon's European Vacation (1985), A Good Year (2006), Of Gods and Men (2010) and Farewell, My Queen (2012).

Herlin was born in Le Vésinet, Yvelines as Jacques de Jouette. Aside from French, he could speak English, German and Italian.

Herlin died on 7 June 2014 at a hospital in Paris, aged 86.

References

Other websites
 

1927 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Ile-de-France
Disease-related deaths in France
French movie actors
French stage actors
French television actors
Melvin Emery "Mel" Patton (November 16, 1924 – May 9, 2014), nicknamed "World's Fastest Human" and "Pell Mell", was an American track and field athlete. He won two gold medals at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, England. He was born in Los Angeles, California.

Patton died from cancer and diabetes issues on May 9, 2014 in Fallbrook, California, aged 89.

References

Other websites
 Mel Patton  at Sports Reference

1924 births
2014 deaths
American track and field athletes
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from diabetes
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
James Albert "Jimmy" Ellis (February 24, 1940 – May 6, 2014) was an American heavyweight boxer. He is considered to be among the best boxers of all time. He held the WBA World Heavyweight Championship from 1968 to 1970.

Ellis was born in Louisville, Kentucky to a Christian family. He and wife Mary had six children (two sons and four daughters).

Ellis died from problems caused by dementia on May 6, 2014 at a hospital in Louisville, aged 74.

References

Other websites
 
 

1940 births
2014 deaths
African-American boxers
American Christians
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Sportspeople from Louisville, Kentucky
Lady tasting tea is the name of a famous randomized experiment designed by Ronald Fisher in 1935. The experiment is the original exposition of Fisher's notion of a null hypothesis. Fisher's description is less than ten pages long and is notable for its simplicity and completeness regarding terminology, calculations and design of the experiment. The example is loosely based on an event in Fisher's life. The lady in question was Muriel Bristol, and the test used was Fisher's exact test.

The experiment

The lady in question claimed to be able to tell whether the tea or the milk was added first to a cup. Fisher proposed to give her eight cups, four of each variety, in random order. One could then ask what the probability was for her getting the number she got correct, but just by chance.

 The experiment provided the Lady with eight randomly ordered cups of tea – four prepared by first adding milk, the others prepared by first adding the tea.  She was to select the  four cups prepared by one method.
 The Lady could compare the taste of the cups
 The Lady was fully informed of the experimental method.
 The null hypothesis was that the Lady had no such ability.
 Note that in Fisher's approach, there is no alternative hypothesis; this is instead a feature of the Neyman–Pearson approach.
 The test statistic was a simple count of the number of successes in selecting the four cups.
 The null hypothesis distribution was computed by the number of permutations.  The number of selected permutations and the number of unselected permutations were equal.

 The critical region was the single case of four successes of four possible based on a conventional probability criterion (< 5%; 1 of 70 ≈ 1.4%).

If and only if the Lady properly categorized all eight cups was Fisher willing to reject the null hypothesis – effectively acknowledging the Lady's ability at a 1.4% significance level (but without quantifying her ability).  Fisher later discussed the benefits of more trials and repeated tests.

David Salsburg reports that a colleague of Fisher, H. Fairfield Smith, revealed that in the test, the woman got all eight cups correct. The chance of someone who just guesses getting all correct, assuming she guesses that four had the tea put in first and four the milk, would be only 1 in 70 (the combinations of 8 taken 4 at a time).

In popular science, Salsburg published a book entitled The Lady Tasting Tea, which describes Fisher's experiment and ideas on randomization. Deb Basu wrote that "the famous case of the 'lady tasting tea'" was "one of the two supporting pillars . . . of the randomization analysis of experimental data".

References

 
 Basu D. (1980b). "The Fisher Randomization Test", reprinted with a new preface in Statistical Information and Likelihood : A Collection of Critical Essays by Dr. D. Basu ; J.K. Ghosh, editor. Springer 1988.
 
 Salsburg D. (2002) The Lady Tasting Tea: how statistics revolutionized science in the Twentieth Century W.H. Freeman / Owl Book. 

Experiments
Statistics
Born on the Fourth of July is an American 1989 biographical movie. Ron Kovic is played by Tom Cruise. Kyra Sedgwick plays Donna. Holly Marie Combs plays Jenny. The movie is about the Vietnam War and veterans.

This movie was released on December 20, 1989. The movie got very positive reviews from movie critics. It made a lot of money.

Release dates

Other websites 

1989 drama movies
1980s biographical movies
1980s war movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
American war movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies set in New York
Movies set in the 1950s
Movies set in the 1960s
Movies set in the 1970s
Vietnam War movies
Universal Pictures movies
Movies directed by Oliver Stone
The Fabulous Baker Boys is a 1989 romantic comedy and drama movie. The movie is about jazz music singers who perform for a living. These singers go against a female jazz singer. The female singer makes the brothers look at their relationship and music careers. Michelle Pfeiffer plays Susie. Jeff and Beau Bridges play the singers.

The movie was released on October 13, 1989. The reviews were very positive. The movie was nominated for four Academy Awards. Michelle Pfeiffer won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress.

1989 comedy-drama movies
1989 romance movies
1980s romantic comedy movies
1980s romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
Death Becomes Her is a 1992 American fantasy and dark comedy movie. This movie is about a couple of childish rivals drinking a magic potion which promises eternal youth. Goldie Hawn plays Helen Sharp. Meryl Streep plays Madeline. Bruce Willis and Isabella Rossellini also star in the movie.

The movie received mixed reviews. It made over $149 million.

Release dates

Other websites 

1992 comedy movies
1990s fantasy-comedy movies
Academy Award winning movies
American fantasy-comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in the 1970s
Movies set in the 1980s
Movies set in the future
Narcissism in fiction
Movies directed by Robert Zemeckis
The Hand That Rocks the Cradle is a 1992 American thriller movie. It was directed by Curtis Hanson. It is about a psychopathic nanny who wants to take over the family of another woman, who she blames for the suicide of her husband (after he was accused of sexual assault by the protagonist), the miscarriage of her unborn baby and the loss of her house and wealth. Rebecca De Mornay plays the antagonist Mrs Mott. Annabella Sciorra plays the protagonist Claire. Julianne Moore plays Claire's friend Marlene Craven. Ernie Hudson plays Claire's neighbor Solomon. Madeline Zima plays Claire's daughter Emma. John de Lancie plays Mrs Mott's husband Dr. Mott.

The Hand That Rocks the Cradle opened in January 1992. This movie got positive reviews. Its box office was also positive.

Other websites 

1992 drama movies
1992 thriller movies
1990s drama thriller movies
American drama thriller movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
Movies about revenge
Movies about stalking
Suicide in movies
Movies set in Seattle, Washington
Movies directed by Curtis Hanson
The Charminar is a monument and mosque in Hyderabad, India. The structure was built in 1591 AD. It is the most famous building of Hyderabad and also one of the most famous buildings in India. It was built by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shahi to celebrate the end of a deadly plague. The Charminar lies near the bank of the river Musi. It is close to Laad Bazaar and Makkah Masjid. Charminar is taken from two words Char and Minar which translate as Four Towers in English.

Some people say that Charminar was the first structure to be constructed in the newly built city of Hyderabad. It is said that Quli Qutab Shah prayed for the end of the plague and vowed to build a mosque if it was eradicated. Mir Momin Astarabadi, the prime minister of Qutb Shah played an important role in the design and layout of Charminar and the city of Hyderabad. The structure is of Indo-Islamic architecture with some Persian elements.

References 

Hyderabad, India
Mosques in India
1591 establishments
16th-century establishments in India
Hoffa is a 1992 French-American biographical crime drama movie directed by Danny DeVito, written by David Mamet and starring Jack Nicholson as Jimmy Hoffa. It received mixed reviews.

Cast

Other websites 

1992 movies
1990s biographical movies
1990s crime drama movies
20th Century Fox movies
American biographical movies
American crime drama movies

French crime movies
French drama movies
Movies set in the 1970s
Trucker movies
Movies directed by Danny DeVito
Gram staining (or Gram's method) is a way of classifying bacteria into two large groups: gram-positive and gram-negative. The name comes from its inventor, Hans Christian Gram.

Gram's method stains bacteria according to the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls. First, a violet dye is put on the bacteria. This dye stains peptidoglycan, a thick layer that is only found in gram-positive bacteria. After the first stain, another stain (usually safranin or fuchsin) gives all gram-negative bacteria a red or pink colour.

The Gram stain is almost always the first step in the identification of a bacterial organism. However, not all bacteria can be classified by this technique. Bacteria for which the method does not work are called 'gram-variable' or 'gram-indeterminate'.

Gram developed the technique working with another scientist, Carl Friedländer in a hospital in Berlin. However, Gram first used the test to make bacteria in the lungs easier to see. He published his finished method in 1884.

References 

Bacteria
Angie is a 1994 American romantic comedy-drama movie. The movie is about the title character, whom some people have troubles understanding. Geena Davis plays the title character. Aida Turturro plays Tina, and James Gandolfini plays Vinnie.

The movie received mixed reviews. It didn't make much money.

1990s romantic comedy movies
1994 comedy-drama movies
1990s romantic drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Mary Eileen McDonnell (born April 28, 1952) is an American movie, stage and television actress. She played Claudia in As the World Turns. She also played Liz in the movie Sneakers (1992).

Mary McDonnell was born Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.

References

People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Pennsylvania
1952 births
Living people
Vincent Chalvon-Demersay is a French producer and executive producer. He is the creator of the animated series Team Galaxy, Totally Spies, Martin Mystery and The Amazing Spiez! He recently resigned as president of Marathon Media. He however still works at Marathon Media.

Created series (Marathon Media)
1. Team Galaxy
2. The Amazing Spiez!
3. Martin Mystery
4. Monster Buster Club
5. Totally Spies!
6. Rekkit Rabbit
7. Blake and the Aliens
8. Lolirock

References 

Television producers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
French people
Clarence Darrow (April 18, 1857 – March 13, 1938) was an American lawyer and leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). He was the son of Eddy and Amirus Darrow, a furniture manufacturer and dealer Amirus Darrow had originally trained as a minister,but just before his ordination he experienced a crisis of faith that led him to question the existence of God and the notion of life after death. Darrow briefly attended Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania, then taught school for several years before enrolling at the University of Michigan Law School.

He is known for the famous trials he worked on like the Scopes trial about teaching evolution in schools, and the Leopold and Loeb murder trial. Sometimes he was called a "sophisticated country lawyer". His humor during trials, and his willingness to support civil rights, made him a famous lawyer.

Darrow spent the remaining years of his life in near seclusion. He died of heart disease at the age of eighty, respected by some and despised by others as a colorful rebel who was always willing to take on unpopular causes in the firm belief that they were the right ones to back-regardless of their impact on his career and his finances.

References 

1857 births
1938 deaths
Lawyers from Chicago
Lawyers from Ohio
Lily Jane Collins (born 18 March 1989) is an English and American actress and model. She played Collins Tuohy in The Blind Side. She also played Rosie Dunne in Love, Rosie in 2014.

Collins was born in Surrey, England. She is the daughter of drummer Phil Collins.

References

English television actors
English movie actors
1989 births
Living people
was a Japanese educator and supercentenarian, verified as the oldest living Japanese man from Jokichi Ikarashi's death on 23 July 2013 and the world's oldest living man from the death of Polish-born American chemist Alexander Imich, who was just a day older, on 8 June 2014 until his own death at age 112 years, 150 days.

Momoi worked as teacher of chemistry at secondary schools in Fukushima and Saitama, and served as rector of Hanawa Fukushima Prefectural Technical High School 1948 to 1951 and Saitama Prefectural Yono High School 1953 to 1959.

Momoi was recognized by Guinness World Records as the oldest living man on 20 August 2014, and said he wanted to live longer, at least two years more. He died of kidney failure on 5 July 2015 and was succeeded as the oldest living man by Yasutaro Koide, also a Japaneseman and over 5 weeks younger.

References

1903 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in Japan
Japanese educators
Japanese supercentenarians
People from Fukushima Prefecture
Louis de Funès (31 July 1914 – 27 January 1983), born Louis Germain David de Funès de Galarza, was a popular French actor and comedian. He is known for working with Bourvil and Fernandel. He was also a movie director. He appeared in over 200 movies since his career began in 1945.

He died from a massive stroke in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, France, aged 68.

References

Other websites
 

1914 births
1983 deaths
Deaths from stroke
French comedians
French movie actors
French movie directors
Kathleen Harrison (aka Colleen Moore; August 19, 1899 – January 25, 1988) was an American movie actress. She had most of her success in the silent era. Moore played Ruth in The Bad Boy. She also played Mary in Her Bridal Nightmare. Her career lasted until 1934.

Moore was born in Port Huron, Michigan. She died of cancer in Paso Robles, California at 88.

References

Other websites 

American movie actors
Actors from Michigan
1899 births
1988 deaths
Irene Frances Luther (aka Irene Rich; October 13, 1891 – April 22, 1988) was an American movie actress who also worked in radio. She played Stephanie in A Law Unto Herself. She also played Marga in Her Purchase Price.

Rich was born in Buffalo, New York. She died in the Hope Ranch district of Santa Barbara, California of heart failure. Rich was 96.

References

Other websites 

American radio actors
American movie actors
Actors from New York
1891 births
1988 deaths
Ella Raines (August 6, 1920 – May 30, 1988) was an American movie and television actress. She played Carol Richman in the movie Phantom Lady. She also played Arly in the movie Tall in the Saddle. 

Raines was born in Snoqualmie Falls, Washington. She died in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California from throat cancer, aged 67.

Other websites 

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Washington
1920 births
1988 deaths
"I'm Coming Out" is a song released in 1980. It was recorded by Diana Ross in 1979.

References

1980 songs
Diana Ross
J. Stanley Marshall (January 27, 1923 – June 8, 2014) was an American academic. He was president of Florida State University from 1969 to 1976. He also helped establish the James Madison Institute in 1987. 

Marshall was born in Cheswick, Pennsylvania. He was married to Shirley Slade of Longview, Texas for over fifty years.

Marshall died from heart failure on June 8, 2014 in Tallahassee, Florida, aged 91. He suffered a heart attack in May and died in hospice care.

References

Other websites
 

1923 births
2014 deaths
American academics
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from heart failure
Educators from Pennsylvania
Educators from Florida
Steven Ronald Bochco (December 16, 1943 – April 1, 2018) was an American television producer and writer. He created a number of popular television hits including Hill Street Blues, L.A. Law, Doogie Howser, M.D., and NYPD Blue. He also had unsuccessful series including Cop Rock. He won Emmy Awards for his writing in 1981 and in 1987.

On April 1, 2018, Bochco died of leukemia in Los Angeles, California. He was 74.

References

Other websites

Emmy Award winners
1943 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
American television producers
American television writers
Writers from New York City
Jewish American writers
Screenwriters from New York
Gambit is a 2012 British-American comedy movie directed by Michael Hoffman. It stars Colin Firth, Cameron Diaz, Alan Rickman and Stanley Tucci. It was released in November 21, 2012 in the United Kingdom and on April 25, 2014 in the United States.

References

Other websites 
 
 

2012 movies
2012 comedy movies
British comedy movies
2010s American comedy movies
Movies directed by Michael Hoffman
James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and actor. He is better known by his stage name LL Cool J (which is short for Ladies Love Cool James).

He currently stars on the CBS crime drama television series NCIS: Los Angeles as Special Agent Sam Hanna. As a rapper, he has released thirteen studio albums. Some of his most well known songs are "Mama Said Knock You Out", "I'm Bad", "Rock the Bells", "I Can't Live Without My Radio", and "The Boomin' System". His last album Authentic was released on April 30, 2013.

Cool J is married to his wife Simone and is a Christian.

Discography
 Radio (1985)
 Bigger and Deffer (1987)
 Walking with a Panther (1989)
 Mama Said Knock You Out (1990)
 14 Shots to the Dome (1993)
 Mr. Smith (1995)
 Phenomenon (1997)
 G.O.A.T. (2000)
 10 (2002)
 The DEFinition (2004)
 Todd Smith (2006)
 Exit 13 (2008)
 Authentic (2013)

Filmography

Movies
 Krush Groove - Himself (1985)
 Wildcats - Rapper (1986)
 The Hard Way - Detective Billy, NYPD (1991)
 Toys - Captain Patrick Zevo (1992)
 Out-of-Sync - Jason St. Julian (1995)
 The Right to Remain Silent - Charles Red Taylor (1996)
 B*A*P*S - Himself (1997)
 Caught Up - Roger (1998)
 Woo - Darryl (1998)
 Halloween H20: 20 Years Later - Ronald "Ronny" Jones (1998)
 Deep Blue Sea - Sherman "Preacher" Dudley (1999)
 In Too Deep - Dwayne Keith "God" Gittens (1999)
 Any Given Sunday - Julian "J-Man" Washington (1999)
 Charlie's Angels - Mr. Jones (2000)
 Kingdom Come - Ray Bud Slocumb (2001)
 Rollerball - Marcus Ridley (2002)
 Deliver Us from Eva - Raymond "Ray" Adams (2003)
 S.W.A.T. - Officer Deacon "Deke" Kaye (2003)
 Mindhunters - Gabe Jensen (2004)
 Edison - Officer Rafe Deed (2005)
 Slow Burn - Luther Pinks (2005)
 Last Holiday - Sean Williams (2006)
 The Man - Manny Baxter (2007)
 The Deal - Bobby Mason (2008)
 Grudge Match - Frankie Brite (2013)

Television
 The Adventures of Pete & Pete - Pete's Teacher (1993)
 In the House - Marion Hill (1995–1999)
 All That - Himself (1998)
 Oz - Jiggy Walker (1998)
 House - Clarence (2005)
 30 Rock - Ridikolus (2007)
 WWII in HD - Shelby Westbrook (2009) (voice)
 NCIS - Special Agent Sam Hanna (2009)
 NCIS: Los Angeles - Special Agent Sam Hanna (2009–present)
 The Electric Company - Himself (2009–2011)
 Sesame Street - Himself (2011)
 Hawaii Five-0 - Special Agent Sam Hanna (2012)

References

Other websites

 Official website
 

1968 births
Actors from New York City
African American actors
American Christians
American movie actors
Rap musicians from New York
American songwriters
American stage actors
American television actors
Grammy Award winners
Living people
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea is a 2000 American direct-to-video animated musical fantasy movie. It was produced by Leslie Hough and David Lovegren and was directed by Jim Kammerud and Brian Smith. It is the sequel to the 1989 movie The Little Mermaid and is the last movie in Disney's The Little Mermaid chronology. The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea was released on September 19, 2000 in North America. The movie about Ariel and Eric's daughter Melody who wants to swim in the ocean but her parents will not allow her to. It takes place over a decade after the original movie. A prequel, The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning, was released in 2008.

The movie holds a 33% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. no Bambi II.

Cast 
Jodi Benson as Ariel
Tara Strong as Melody
Samuel E. Wright as Sebastian
Pat Carroll as Morgana
Rob Paulsen as Prince Eric
Kenneth Mars as King Triton
Cam Clarke as Flounder
Buddy Hackett as Scuttle
Clancy Brown as Undertow
Max Casella as Tip
Stephen Furst as Dash
René Auberjonois as Chef Louis
Edie McClurg as Carlotta
Kay E. Kuter as Grimsby
Tress MacNeille as Mother Penguin and Baby Penguin
Frank Welker as Max the Sheepdog

Video game 
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea based on the film were released for the PlayStation

References

Other websites 
Official website

2000 movies
American animated movies
American musical movies
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
Movies with underwater settings
The Little Mermaid (Disney)
Sequel movies
Salpicon is a something people can make for cooking.  In a salpicon, ingredients that are diced, cut into small cube-like pieces, and cooked with a sauce or other liquid. Sometimes salpicon used as stuffing. 

Salpicons can be made with meat, vegetables or fruits.

The word "salpicon" is used in different ways in French, Spanish, Central American and Latin American cuisine.

Mexican food
Taiwan Province () is one of the two provinces of the Republic of China. It makes up 73% of the land controlled by the Republic of China. 40% of the people in the Republic of China live in this province. The capital of the province is Chung Hsing New Village in Nantou County.

Geography

The province is made up of most of the island of Taiwan, and also the Penghu islands. Even though the special municipalities of Kaoshiung, Tainan, New Taipei, and Taipei are all on Taiwan island, they are not part of Taiwan Province.

Government

The province has a Provincial Council with 9 members, led by a Governor of Taiwan Province.

Divisions

Provincial cities
 Chiayi City
 Hsinchu City
 Keelung City

Counties
 Changhua County
 Chiayi County
 Hsinchu County
 Hualien County
 Miaoli County
 Nantou County
 Penghu County
 Pingtung County
 Taitung County
 Taoyuan County
 Yilan County
 Yunlin County

References

Other websites
 Taiwan Provincial Government official site 
 Local government structures  by the Department of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Interior, ROC

Subdivisions of Taiwan
Provinces
The Scopes trial is formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes. It is also referred to as the Scopes monkey trial. 

It was a famous American legal case in 1925. A substitute high school teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act. This Act made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school.  The trial was deliberately staged in order to attract publicity to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, where it was held.  

Scopes was unsure whether he had ever actually taught evolution but he purposely incriminated himself so that the case could have a defendant.   

Scopes was found guilty and fined $100, but the verdict was overturned on a technicality. The trial served its purpose of drawing intense national publicity. National reporters came to Dayton to cover the big-name lawyers who had agreed to represent each side. William Jennings Bryan, three-time presidential candidate, argued for the prosecution, while Clarence Darrow, the famed defense attorney, spoke for Scopes. 

The trial publicized the Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy.  This set "Modernists", who said evolution was not inconsistent with religion, against Fundamentalists, who said the word of God as revealed in the Bible took priority over all human knowledge. The case was thus seen as both a theological contest and a trial on whether modern evolutionary biology should be taught in schools.

The Tennessee law was not repealed until 1967.

References 

Trials in the United States
Science and culture
Creation myths
1925
1920s in the United States
20th century in Tennessee
Leopold and Loeb were Nathan Freudenthal Leopold, Jr. (November 19, 1904 – August 29, 1971) and Richard Albert Loeb (June 11, 1905 – January 28, 1936).

They were two wealthy University of Chicago law students who kidnapped and murdered 14-year-old Robert "Bobby" Franks in 1924 in Chicago.

The duo was motivated to murder Franks by their desire to commit a perfect crime.

Once arrested, Leopold and Loeb hired Clarence Darrow as counsel for the defense. Darrow’s summation in their trial criticized capital punishment as retribution, rather than rehabilitation. Leopold and Loeb were sentenced to life imprisonment. Loeb was killed by a fellow prisoner in 1936; Leopold was released on parole in 1958.

The Leopold and Loeb crime has been the inspiration for several works in film, theatre, and fiction, such as the 1929 play Rope by Patrick Hamilton, and Alfred Hitchcock's take on the play in the 1948 film of the same name. Later movies such as Compulsion and Swoon were more accurate portrayals of the Leopold and Loeb case.

References 

Burials at Oak Woods Cemetery

American murderers
Trials in the United States
Criminals from Chicago
Cheng Maoyun (; 25 August 1900 – 31 July 1957) was a Chinese musician and a professor at National Central University and Hangzhou Societal University (杭州社會大學). He wrote the music of the "National Anthem of the Republic of China".

Chen was born in 1990 in Xinjian to a family of officials. He studied music in Jiangxi Provincial Higher Normal School. 

The official university song of the National Central University, now in Taiwan, was also composed by Cheng.

References

1900 births
1957 deaths
Chinese academics
Chinese musicians
Peg + Cat is an American-Canadian animated children's television series based on the children's book The Chicken Problem, which was published in 2020. The series is created by Billy Aronson and Jennifer Oxley. The series focuses on a young girl named Peg and her talking pet cat, named Cat. The show teaches the viewer math.  Peg and Cat's adventures often relate to math. Peg speaks directly to the viewers and encourages them to follow along with the episode's plot.

It started on most PBS Kids stations on November 18, 2013. It has a voice cast which includes Hayley Faith Negrin, Dwayne Hill, Annick Obonsawin and Thamela Mpumlwana.

References 

American children's television series
2013 television series debuts
2018 television series endings
A paper plane is a toy airplane made from paper. The paper is folded in a certain way so that the folded paper actually glides. This is a form of origami; the Japanese art of paper folding. Paper planes were used originally for testing real airplanes. Today the making of paper planes is a hobby and a craft.

Takuo Toda holds the world record for the longest time in air (27.9 seconds).  The distance record () was set by Joe Ayoob, with a plane constructed by John Collins, in February 2012.

References 

Toys
The Abbott Laboratories are an American pharmaceuticals and health care company. They have 90,000+ employees in over 130 countries. The headquarters are in North Chicago, Illinois. This organization was established by Wallace Calvin Abbott in 1888. Abbott's product line includes pharmaceuticals, nutritional, diagnostics, and vascular products. 

The company has made drugs for rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and other conditions. The company makes glucose monitoring devices for diabetics.

According to the Reuters report, Abbott acquired Alere for $4.48 billion, in April 2017.

In September 2017,  Abbott announced that it has received Food and Drug Administration clearance for a consumer version of its Freestyle Libre flash glucose monitor, which does not require people with diabetes to routinely prick their fingers to check the glucose levels.

Drugs
Selsun Blue

References 

1888 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Chicago, Illinois
Pharmaceutical companies of the United States
1880s establishments in Illinois
Archibald "Archie" Bunker is a fictional New Yorker of the 1970s top rated situation comedy All in the Family. Also its related TV show Archie Bunker's Place. He was played by actor Carroll O'Connor. Bunker, the family patriarch, was a World War II veteran and blue-collar worker. He was a family man and a conservative. He was first seen when All in the Family premiered on January 12, 1971.

Fictional characters
Fictional war veterans
People from New York