cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A Bantustan (also known as a Bantu homeland, black homeland, black state, or simply homeland) was a territory set aside for South Africa's black inhabitants during apartheid. Ten Bantustans were established in South Africa and ten more in South West Africa (now Namibia), with the goal of creating nation states for the black tribes of Africa. The term Bantustan comes from Bantu (meaning "people" in the Bantu languages) and -stan (meaning "land" in Persian).

The founders of apartheid tried hard to make the Bantustans recognised internationally, but this never happened, and most blacks did not like the Bantustans. They were unpopular because:

The borders of the Bantustans were drawn to exclude valuable land.
The large number of reassigned citizens combined with the small size of the Bantustans meant that a lot of people had to share small amounts of land, compared to how people lived in the rest of South Africa.
Becoming citizens of the new territories meant losing citizenship of South Africa, where the majority of candidates for reassignment of citizenship lived and worked. This would cause them to lose what few rights and privileges they had as citizens of South Africa.

The Bantustans were dissolved in 1994 and their territory incorporated into the Republic of South Africa. From 1994, most parts of the country were redivided into new provinces.

List of Bantustans

Bantustans in South Africa

 Transkei (declared independent on 26 October 1976)
 Bophuthatswana (declared independent on 6 December 1977)
 Venda (declared independent on 13 September 1979)
 Ciskei (declared independent on 4 December 1981)
 Gazankulu
 Lebowa
 QwaQwa
 KaNgwane
 KwaNdebele
 KwaZulu

Lesotho and Swaziland were not Bantustans, but former British colonies granted independence by Great Britain and internationally recognised.
Four of the South African Bantustans, Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, and Ciskei  (also called the "TBVC States") were granted independence from South Africa, but were never internationally recognised. The other six had a high amount of autonomy.

Bantustans in South West Africa

Bushmanland
Damaraland
East Caprivi (self-rule 1976)
Hereroland (self-rule 1970)
Kaokoland
Kavangoland (self-rule 1973)
Namaland
Ovamboland (self-rule 1973)
Rehoboth
Tswanaland

Beginning in 1968, ten Bantustans were established in South West Africa. Unlike the Bantustans in South Africa, only four Bantustans in South West Africa were granted autonomy, and none were granted independence. The Bantustans were abolished in May 1989 in the transition to independence.

20th century in South Africa
1994 disestablishments
20th-century disestablishments in South Africa
1990s disestablishments in Africa
In South African, Namibian, Zambian, Botswanan, and Zimbabwean context, the term Coloured (Kleurlinge in Afrikaans) is used to refer to people of mixed European and Khoisan or Bantu ancestry.

They form the majority of the Northern Cape and Western Cape populations. Most Coloured speak Afrikaans as their first language, although there are some native English speakers. The majority of Coloureds living in Cape Town are able to speak both languages.

Because of South Africa's history of racial discrimination, many feel that the term coloured is derogatory. The official term is "Coloured people", but many Coloureds prefer to call themselves "Black", "Khoisan", or just "South African".

Apartheid
During apartheid, people were classified into four groups: White, Black, Coloured, and Asian. The Cape Malays, who are of Asian descent, were not classified as Asians, but as Coloureds.

Although they were discriminated upon by the government, many Coloureds and Asians got to enjoy certain rights during the apartheid era. For example, they did not have to carry around a passbook, had limited political representation, and were considered citizens of South Africa.

References

South Africa
Race
Endless Love is an American romantic drama movie. It was released February 2014 in the United States and the United Kingdom. The movie is about a charismatic boy and wealthy girl. Her parents want them separated. This movie was rated PG-13 in the United States, for language, sexual content and brief nudity.

It is a remake of the movie of the same name from 1981. They are both based on the novel of the same name.

Other websites 

2014 drama movies
2014 romance movies
2010s coming-of-age movies
2010s romantic drama movies
2010s teen drama movies
2010s teen romance movies
American coming-of-age movies
American movie remakes
American romantic drama movies
American teen drama movies
American teen romance movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
A tension headache is a common form of headache. Tension headaches affect the head, eyes and nearby areas of the body. They are very common with adults. Females are twice as likely as males to have them.

Tension headaches may be caused by:

stress
irregular or changing meal times
too much caffeine
depression or anxiety

References

Head (body part)
Pain
Christopher "Chris" Ford (born March 4, 1974 in Rutherford, New Jersey) is an American professional wrestler. He is known for his time when he wrestled in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) from 1999 to 2001 uner the ring name Crowbar. He has also competed in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He currently wrestles on the independent circuit under the ring names Crowbar and Devon Storm.

Championships
Century Wrestling Alliance
CWA Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Ace Darling)
East Coast Pro Wrestling
ECPW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
ECPW Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Ace Darling (one) and Timothy Plazma (one))
East Coast Wrestling Association
ECWA Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Ace Darling)
Eternity Wrestling Association
EWA Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Ace Darling)
Independent Superstars of Professional Wrestling
ISPW Heavyweight Championship (two times)
International Fighting Network
IFN Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation
MEWF Mid-Atlantic Championship (one time)
MEWF Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Mark Schrader)
NWA 2000
NWA 2000 Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Ace Darling)
NWA New Jersey
NWA New Jersey Hardcore Championship (one time)
NWA New Jersey State Heavyweight Championship (one time)
NWA United States Tag Team Championship (New Jersey version) (one time) (with Ace Darling)
NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship (New Jersey version) (one time)
NWA New York
NWA New York Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Ace Darling)
NWA New York Television Championship (one time)
New Jack City Wrestling
NJCW Light Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Richmond Championship Wrestling
RCW Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Ace Darling)
World Championship Wrestling
WCW Cruiserweight Championship (one time)1
WCW Hardcore Championship (one time)
WCW World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with David Flair)
World Wrestling All-Stars
WWA Hardcore Championship (one time)

1During his reign, he held the championship with Daffney.

References

Other websites
Crowbar's profile on the Internet Wrestling Database

1974 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from New Jersey
People from Rutherford, New Jersey
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
About Last Night is a 1986 American romance-comedy-drama movie. Two people begin a relationship from a one-night stand after meeting in a Chicago bar. Demi Moore plays Debbie. Rob Lowe plays Danny. Megan Mullally plays Pat.

This movie was released on July 2, 1986. It got very good reviews. A remake was released in 2014.

Other websites 

1986 romance movies
1986 comedy-drama movies
1980s romantic comedy movies
1980s romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
English-language movies
Movies based on plays
Movies set in Chicago, Illinois
Movies directed by Edward Zwick
About Last Night is a 2014 American romantic comedy movie. It is a remake of the 1986 movie of the same name. It is about romantic encounters in Los Angeles. Paula Patton is in the cast.

The original movie was set in Chicago. This one is set in Los Angeles and has an all-black cast The remake was released in mid February of 2014. It was rated R. The original romance movie was also rated R.

Other websites 

2014 comedy movies
2014 romance movies
2010s romantic comedy movies
American movie remakes
American romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
Sabotage is a 2014 action and crime thriller movie. It is about DEA officials busting safe houses of drug lords. An assassin begins to target them later on. Arnold Schwarzenegger plays John. Terrence Howard plays Sugar.

The movie was released on March 28, 2014.

2010s thriller movies
2010s action movies
2014 movies
Natasha Henstridge (born August 15, 1974) is a Canadian model turned actress. She played Lisa Rayborn in You Lucky Dog. She also played Dawn in The Secret Circle, a TV series.

Henstridge was born in Newfoundland. She was raised in Fort McMurray, Alberta.

References

1974 births
Living people
Actors from Alberta
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
People from Newfoundland and Labrador
"Dancing Crazy" is a popular single sung by singer Miranda Cosgrove. The song is about being involved in parties and having a lovely time. Avril Lavigne was the co-writer of this song.

The music critics didn't accept "Dancing Crazy". It was, however, moderately strong in certain music charts. It was released in December 2010.

2010 songs
Pop songs
The term mass murder refers to when a murder of four people or more happens by the same person or group at the same time. Usually the murders happen at the same time or over a relatively short period of time. The FBI defines mass murder as the killing of many people without any cooling-off period. By comparison a serial killer has a cooling-off period between murders. Murder can be done by a person, a gang, a terrorist group, a government or police. Mass murderers commit their crime for many reasons. Examples of why they do it include: politics/religion/ethnicity, sadism, being bullied, mental disorders and inceldom. In many cases, the killer commits suicide or is killed by police.

The University of Texas massacre in August 1966, the 1999 Columbine High School massacre, the September 11 attacks, the Virginia Tech massacre, the 2012 Aurora shooting and the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting are some examples of mass murders that have happened in the United States.

The United Kingdom's mass murders include the Denmark Place fire in London in 1980, the Hungerford massacre in Hungerford, Berkshire in 1987 and the Pan Am Flight 103 Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988. Australia's mass murders include the Port Arthur massacre in 1996. France's include the November 2015 Paris attacks. Turkey's include the 2015 Ankara bombings.

References

Mass murder
Marquinhos (real name Marcos Aoás Corrêa, born 14 May 1994 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian footballer. He plays as a defender for Paris Saint-Germain F.C. in France.

The Guardian newspaper think that he is one of the 10 best young football players in the world.

He was bought by his current club from A.S. Roma for €32 million in 2013.

References

1994 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
People from São Paulo
is an anime series written by Kazuki Nakashima and directed by Hiroyuki Imaishi. It is produced by Trigger. The anime began airing on October 3, 2013 and ended on March 27, 2014. There is also a manga that is illustrated by Ryō Akizuki. On September 3, 2014, an original video animation episode will be released along with the ninth volume.

Plot
The series follows Ryuko Matoi, a student at a high school in Tokyo Bay set in post-apocalyptic Japan called Honnouji Academy. The academy is run by the student council which wear special uniforms called Goku Uniforms. The uniforms give them superhuman abilities and they use them to rule over the rest of the students and staff of the academy. Ryuko Matoi owns one-half of a scissor-shaped longsword and transferred to the academy to look for the owner of the other half of the scissor blade, the person that killed her father. When she attempts to interrogate the leader of the student council Satsuki Kiryuin about the killer, she is defeated. After her defeat, she finds a sentient sailor uniform which she names Senketsu. Ryuko is able to use Senketsu's powers to fight Satsuki and her henchmen, the Elite Four.

References

Other websites
Official website 
Official website 

Manga
Anime
2013 television series debuts
2013 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in Japan
2013 anime television series
Constantin "Dinu" Cocea (22 September 1929 – 26 December 2013) was a Romanian actor, screenwriter, and award winning director.

He was born in Periș, Ilfov County, Romania. Cocea graduated from Gheorghe Lazăr National College before he began his acting career in 1958. However, he made his mark as a director and screenwriter, most notably directing Haiducii lui Șaptecai. In 2010 he received the Lifetime Achievement Award of Excellence at the Iasi International Film Festival.

Dinu Cocea died from heart failure on 26 December 2013, aged 84, in Paris, France, where he had lived since 1986. He was survived by his daughter, Oana.

Filmography
Film directed by Dinu Cocea:
 The Outlaws (1966)
 Outlaws Revenge (1968)
 Kidnapping virgins (1968)
 Week Fools (1971)
 Haiducii lui Şaptecai (1971)
 Dowry Lady Ralu (1972)
 Paratroopers (1972)
 Oak extreme emergency (1973)
 Do not stop fan (1976)
 The chain mishandling (1976)
 The court Reserves (1976)
 Ecaterina (1978)
 Iancu Jianu zapciul / Iancu Jian, zapciul (1980)
 Iancu Jianu outlaw (1981)

References

Other websites

1929 births
2013 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in France
Deaths from heart failure
Disease-related deaths in Paris
Romanian movie directors
Romanian movie actors
Romanian movie producers
Romanian stage actors
Romanian screenwriters
Jan Skopeček (19 September 1925 – 27 July 2020) was a Czech actor and playwright.

Early life and career 
He was born in Litoměřice, Czechoslovakia. Skopeček began his acting career in 1949, appearing in a number of plays. He was married to actress Věra Tichánková. The two remained together until Tichánková's death in January 2014.

He died on 27 July 2020 in Prague, aged 94.

References

1925 births
2020 deaths
Czech actors
Playwrights
William R. "Bill" Sinkin (May 19, 1913 – February 3, 2014) was an American community activist for equality, international cooperation and alternative energy in San Antonio, Texas. He created the company Solar San Antonio.

Sinkin died on February 3, 2014 from natural causes in San Antonio, Texas, aged 100.

References

Other websites
Interviews with William "Bill" Sinkin, June 30 1995, January 17, 2005, University of Texas at San Antonio: Institute of Texan Cultures: Oral History Collections, UA 15.01, University of Texas at San Antonio Libraries Special Collections.

1913 births
2014 deaths
American activists
American centenarians
Businesspeople from Texas
Chief executives
Deaths from natural causes
People from San Antonio, Texas
Wu Ma (real name: ) (22 September 1942 – 4 February 2014) was a Chinese-Hong Kong actor, director, producer and writer. 

Wu Ma's career began in 1963. He made over 180 appearances to his name (plus 38 directorial credits within a twenty-five year period). Wu Ma is mostly known for appearing in many movies about the history of Hong Kong Cinema. He is best known as the Taoist ghosthunter in A Chinese Ghost Story.

Wu Ma died on 4 February 2014 in Hong Kong from lung cancer, aged 71.

References

Other websites
A short biography and filmography 
A detailed biography - bottom of page

A Chinese Ghost Story - commentary by Bey Logan
Interview in Chinese

1942 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Chinese movie actors
Chinese television actors
Chinese voice actors
Chinese screenwriters
Chinese movie directors
Chinese movie producers
Actors from Hong Kong
Hans Jakob "Jack" Steinberger (25 May 1921 – 12 December 2020) was a German-born American physicist of Jewish descent. He co-discovered the muon neutrino, along with Leon Lederman and Melvin Schwartz. He was given the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics. Steinberger now lives in Switzerland.

He studied at the Illinois Institute of Technology and the University of Chicago.

Steinberger was an atheist, and a member of the International Academy of Humanism.

Steinberger died on 12 December 2020 in Geneva, Switzerland at the age of 99.

References

Books
Steinberger, J.,  W. K. H. Panofsky & J. Steller.  "Evidence for the Production of Neutral Mesons by Photons", Radiation Laboratory, University of California-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (April 1950).
Panofsky, W. K. H., J. Steinberger & J. Steller.   "Further Results on the Production of Neutral Mesons by Photons", Radiation Laboratory, University of California-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (October 1, 1950).
Steinberger, J.   "Experimental Survey of Strange Particle Decays", Columbia University, Nevis Laboratories, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (June 1964).

Other websites
Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
Autobiography (at the Nobel Prize web site) 
official web site for the Nobel Prize in Physics 
CERN web site for Jack Steinberger 

1921 births
2020 deaths
American atheists
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicists
German Jews
Humanists
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish atheists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Bavaria
Refugees from Nazism
University of Chicago alumni
German Nobel Prize winners
Leon Max Lederman (July 15, 1922 – October 3, 2018) was an American experimental physicist. He received, along with Martin Lewis Perl, the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1982. He won the prize for their research on quarks and leptons, and the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1988. He received the prize along with Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger, for their research on neutrinos.

Lederman was of Jewish descent. He was an atheist.

Lederman died on October 3, 2018 at a care-facility in Rexburg, Idaho from complications of dementia at the age of 96.

References

Books
 
 
 
 
  What We'll Find Inside the Atom by Leon Lederman is an essay he wrote for the September 15, 2008 issue of Newsweek

Other websites
 Education, Politics, Einstein and Charm The Science Network interview with Leon Lederman
 Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
 Fermilab's Leon M. Lederman webpage
 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988 
 Video Interview with Lederman from the Nobel Foundation
 Leon M. Lederman – Autobiography
 Timeline of Nobel Prize Winners in Physics webpage for Leon Max Lederman
 Story of Leon by Leon Lederman
  Honeywell – Nobel Interactive Studio 
 1976 Cresson Medal recipient  from The Franklin Institute.

1922 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from dementia
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicists
American atheists
Jewish American scientists
Jewish American writers
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Jewish Wolf Prize winners
Scientists from New York City
Writers from New York City
American academics
American inventors
American mathematicians
Columbia University alumni
Nobel Prize in Physics winners
Wolf Prize winners
Educators from New York City
Melvin Schwartz (November 2, 1932 – August 28, 2006) was an American physicist of Jewish descent.

He shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics with Leon M. Lederman and Jack Steinberger for their development of the neutrino beam method and their demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino.

Schwartz died on August 28, 2006 in Twin Falls, Idaho from Parkinson's disease and hepatitis C, aged 73.

References

Books
Samios, N. P., Plano, R., Prodell, A., Schwartz, M. and J. Steinberger.    "The Parity of the Neutral Pion and the Decay pi{sup 0} Yields 2e{sup +} + 2e{sup -}", Nevis Cyclotron Laboratory, Columbia University, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), Office of Naval Research, (January 1962).
Lee, T. D., Robinson, H., Schwartz, M. and R. Cool.    "Intensity of Upward Muon Flux Due to Cosmic-Ray Neutrinos Produced in the Atmosphere", Nevis Cyclotron Laboratory, Columbia University, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (June 1963).

Other websites
Photograph, Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
1988 Nobel Physics winners
Nobel autobiography

1932 births
2006 deaths
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicists
Columbia University alumni
Deaths from hepatitis
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from New York City
Writers from New York City
Educators from New York City
Martin Lewis Perl (June 24, 1927 – September 30, 2014) was an American physicist of Jewish descent. Perl won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995 for his discovery of the tau lepton.

Pearl died at Stanford University Hospital on September 30, 2014 from a heart attack at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
Nobel autobiography 
Nobel Prize press release, explaining the significance of Perl's work
Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
Personal blog: Reflections on Physics
U.S. Patent 5943075 Universal fluid droplet ejector (Martin Lewis Perl)
U.S. Patent 5975682 Two-dimensional fluid droplet arrays generated using a single nozzle (Martin Lewis Perl)

1927 births
2014 deaths
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicists
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from New York City
Patrice Munsel (May 14, 1925 – August 4, 2016) was an American coloratura soprano. She was the youngest singer who ever starred at the Metropolitan Opera. She was sometimes called "Princess Pat".

Munsel was born in Spokane, Washington on May 14, 1925. She died on August 4, 2016 in Schroon Lake, New York, aged 91.

References

Other websites

Cover of Time magazine, December 3, 1951 
Article in Time magazine, December 3, 1951
 Cover of Life magazine, March 3, 1952 
Metropolitan Opera's "Opera News Online"
Patrice Munsel personal website

1925 births
2016 deaths
American stage actors
American opera singers
People from Spokane, Washington
Singers from Washington
Sopranos
George Fernandes (3 June 1930 – 29 January 2019) was the former Indian trade unionist, politician, journalist, agriculturist, and member of Rajya Sabha from Bihar. He was a key member of the Janata Dal (United), and is the founder of the Samata Party.

Fernandes suffered from Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and in January 2010 was underwent treatment at Baba Ramdev's ashram at Haridwar He died of complications from the diseases on 29 January 2019 in New Delhi, aged 88.

References

Other websites

 Ongoing news coverage from The Times Network
 George Fernandes: Rebel without a pause from Gulf News

1930 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Indian politicians
Indian writers
Civil servants
Indian journalists
Karnataka
The Honorable Sir Charles Kuen Kao, GBM, KBE, FRS, FREng (November 4, 1933 – September 23, 2018) was a Chinese-born American and British electrical engineer and physicist.

He helped discover  the development and use of fiber optics in telecommunications. Kao was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for "groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication". Kao holds dual citizenship of the United Kingdom and the United States. Kao is known as the "Godfather of Broadband".

Kao was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2002 and had speech difficulty. He died on September 23, 2018 from complications of the disease in Sha Tin, Hong Kong at the age of 84.

References

Books
 K. C. Kao, T. W. Davies (1968), "Spectrophotometric Studies of Ultra Low Loss Optical Glasses – I: Single Beam Method", Journal of Scientific Instruments (Journal of Physics E) 2 (1): 1063–1068. 
 K. C. Kao (June 1986), "1012 bit/s Optoelectronics Technology", IEE Proceedings 133, Pt.J, No 3, 230–236. 
 K. C. Kao, A Time And A Tide (Autobiography of Charles K. Kao)
 K. C. Kao (July 2005)《潮平岸闊——高錕自述》(translated by 許迪鏘) Joint Publishing (Autobiography of Charles K. Kao)

Other websites

 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics information
 BBC: Lighting the way to a revolution
 IEEE Oral-History: Charles Kao
 Mountain View Voice: The legacy of Charles Kao
 Man who lit up the world – Professor Charles Kao CBE FREng  Ingenia, Issue 43, June 2010

1933 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Chinese physicists
People from Hong Kong
British physicists
American physicists
Scientists from Shanghai
Chinese Nobel Prize winners
Auguste Deter (; 16 May 1849 – 8 June 1906) was a German woman. 

She is the first person to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Auguste had a normal life. However, during the late 1890s, she started showing symptoms of dementia, such as: loss of memory, delusions, and even temporary vegetative states. She would have trouble sleeping, would drag sheets across the house, and even scream for hours in the middle of the night.

She died on 8 June 1906 from Alzheimer's in Frankfurt, aged 57.

References

Other websites

 Who Named It? - Alois Alzheimer
 Alzheimer's: 100 years on 
 Alois Alzheimer's Biography, International Brain Research Organization 
 Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research - Prof. Dr. Christian Haass 
 Bibliography of secondary sources on Alois Alzheimer and Alzheimer's disease, selected from peer-reviewed journals.
 Graeber Manuel B. "Alois Alzheimer (1864-1915)"  International Brain Research Organization

1849 births
1906 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
German people
People from Hesse
Courtney Keith Allen (August 21, 1923 – February 4, 2014) was a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman and former National Hockey League (NHL) head coach and general manager. He was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. He was the executive vice president of the Philadelphia Flyers.

Allen died at an assisted living facility on February 4, 2014. He was 90 years old. He had suffered from dementia in his later years.

References

Other websites

1923 births
2014 deaths
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Deaths from dementia
Detroit Red Wings players
Disease-related deaths in Canada
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
People from Saskatoon
Stanley Cup champions
American Hockey League players
Darryl Gerard "D. J." Augustin, Jr. (born November 10, 1987 in New Orleans, Louisiana) is an American professional basketball player. He plays for the Orlando Magic of the NBA. He played point guard for the University of Texas Longhorns from 2006 to 2008. He was drafted ninth overall by the Charlotte Bobcats of the National Basketball Association in 2008. Augustin is listed as 6'0" (1.83 m) by the NBA but stands 5'11" (1.78 m) barefoot according to the 2008 pre-draft measurements.

References

Other websites

 
 Profile at TexasSports.com 

1987 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
Chicago Bulls players
Sportspeople from New Orleans, Louisiana
American basketball players
Child's Play 2 is an American horror movie released in 1990. The movie is about a killer doll named Chucky that is causing violent terror in Chicago. Brad Dourif plays Chucky.

This movie was released in November 1990 across North America. The reviews were mixed. The box office was successful.

References

Other websites 
 

1990 horror movies
1990 thriller movies
Child's Play movies
American thriller movies
Movies set in Chicago, Illinois
Universal Pictures movies
Urban history is the study of the history of urbanism. It looks into why and how cities developed. Urban history also studies the social, political, cultural and economic aspects of cities. Most urban historians focus on the larger or more important cities. There is much less attention to small cities, towns and suburbs. Urban history involves several other fields of study as they affect cities. These include archaeology, architecture, sociology, and the political and economic aspects of cities over time.

Related pages 
 Journal of Planning History
 Danish Centre of Urban History
 International Planning History Society
 Society for American City and Regional Planning History

Other websites 
 Gilbert A. Stelter, "Introduction to the Study of Urban History" (1996) 
 The Urban History Association 
 Centre for Urban History, University of Leicester, U.K.
 Centre for Urban History, University of Antwerp, Belgium
 Center for Urban History of East Central Europe, Lviv, Ukraine

References 

History of urban planning
Urban planning
Ladislav Šmíd (born February 1, 1986, in Frýdlant v Čechách, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech NHL ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Calgary Flames.

Career
Before playing the NHL, Šmíd played 3 seasons with HC Bílí Tygři Liberec of the Czech Extraliga. He was drafted by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim with the 9th overall pick in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He spent 1 season with the Mighty Ducks AHL affiliate team, the Portland Pirates and was traded along with Joffrey Lupul and draft picks to the Edmonton Oilers for Chris Pronger on July 3, 2006. He played 8 seasons with the Oilers and was known as a shutdown defencemen when he was paired with Jeff Petry.

On November 8, 2013, the Oilers traded Šmíd along with Olivier Roy to the Calgary Flames for Roman Horák and Laurent Brossoit.

References

Other websites

1986 births
American Hockey League players
Calgary Flames players
Czech ice hockey players
Edmonton Oilers players
Living people
Ice hockey defencemen
Dane William DeHaan (born February 6, 1986) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Jesse on the HBO cable television program In Treatment and as Andrew Detmer in the 2012 movie Chronicle.

DeHaan was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania. He began a career in acting after graduating from the University of North Carolina in 2008. DeHaan married actress Anna Wood on June 30, 2012. They live together in Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites

1986 births
Living people
People from Allentown, Pennsylvania
Actors from Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
No Holds Barred is a 1989 American professional wrestling movie.

It was produced by Michael Rachmil (with Vince McMahon and Hulk Hogan being credited as executive producers). It was written by Dennis Hackin and directed by Thomas J. Wright. No Holds Barred was released on June 2, 1989 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 5% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

Cast 
 Hulk Hogan as Rip
 Joan Severance as Samantha Moore
 Kurt Fuller as Brell
 Tom "Tiny" Lister, Jr. as Zeus
 Mark Pellegrino as Randy
 Bill Henderson as Charlie
 Charles Levin as Ordway
 David Paymer as Unger
 Patrick O'Bryan as Craig
 Jeep Swenson as Lugwrench Perkins
 Bill Eadie as Jake Bullet
 Stan Hansen as Neanderthal
 Rebecca Wackler as Ms. Tidings
 Bruce Taylor as Mr. Johnson
 "Mean" Gene Okerlund as Himself
 Jesse "The Body" Ventura as Himself
 Howard Finkel as Himself

Pay-per-view 

There was a pay-per-view called No Holds Barred: The Match/The Movie which happened on December 12, 1989 and aired on December 27, 1989. The pay-per-view's card were the matches that were featured in the movie.

References

Other websites 

1989 movies
1980s sports movies
American sports movies
English-language movies
Karl Sune Detlof Bergström (10 January 1916 – 15 August 2004) was a Swedish biochemist. He was Dean of the Karolinska Institute Medical Department in Stockholm. In 1969 he became the Rector. Bergström was best known for his work with lipid compounds. For his work on prostaglandins and related substances, Bergström was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1982, along with co-recipients Bengt I. Samuelsson and John R. Vane.

References

Other websites
 Sune Bergstrom, Biochemist and Nobel Winner, Dies at 88, NY Times Obituary

1916 births
2004 deaths
Scientists from Stockholm
In mathematics (particularly in linear algebra), a linear mapping (or linear transformation) is a mapping f between vector spaces that preserves addition and scalar multiplication.

Definition 
Let V and W be vector spaces over the same field K. A function f: V → W is said to be a linear mapping if for any two vectors x and y in V and any scalar α in K, the following two conditions are satisfied:

Sometimes, a linear mapping is called a linear function. However, in basic mathematics, a linear function means a function whose graph is a line. The set of all linear mappings from the vector space V to vector space W can be written as .

Related pages
 Homomorphism
 Transformation

References 

Functions and mappings
Linear algebra
Rajendran Mani is a bodybuilder from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Mani was in the Indian Air Force for 15 years. After he retired, he began weightlifting. He has won both the Mr. India and Champion of Champion titles in India 8 times. He won the Mr. World  title at the fifth World Bodybuilding and Physique Sports Championships. The event was held in Budaors, Hungary on November 13-17, 2013.

Rajendran Mani is a very popular bodybuilder in south India. He ranks no 4 in the top 10 Indian bodybuilder list.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Bodybuilders
Indian sportspeople
Päijänne Tavastia is a region in Southern Finland. As of November 30, 2013, 202,525 people lived there. Neighbourin regions are Uusimaa, Kanta-Häme, Pirkanmaa, Central Finland, Southern Savonia and Kymenlaakso

Related pages
 Päijät-Hämeen liitto

Regions of Finland
Martha Layne Collins (born Martha Layne Hall; December 7, 1936) is a former American businesswoman and politician from Kentucky. As of 2014, she is the only female governor Kentucky has had. She was the fifty-sixth Governor (1983-87) after replacing John Y. Brown Jr..

Collins was considered as a running mate for Democratic Presidential nominee Walter Mondale. Mondale, however, chose Geraldine Ferraro for his mate.

Layne Collins was born in Bagdad, Kentucky.

References

1936 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Kentucky
Governors of Kentucky
US Democratic Party politicians
Lieutenant Governors of Kentucky
Margaret "Maggie" Hassan (before that: Margaret Wood; born February 27, 1958) is an American politician from New Hampshire. She is the U.S. Senator from New Hampshire. She previously operated as the 81st governor of New Hampshire from 2013 to 2017. She was elected governor in November 2012 and reelected in November 2014.

In 2016, she ran for the U.S. Senate and unseated Kelly Ayotte, the Republican incumbent in New Hampshire. She narrowly won the election by less than 720 votes.

Hassan was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

References

US Democratic Party politicians
Governors of New Hampshire
United States senators from New Hampshire
Politicians from Boston, Massachusetts
1958 births
Living people
Rocket Power, was an American animated television series that was created by Arlene Klasky and Gabor Csupo. The series started on August 7, 1999 and ended on July 30, 2004. The show returned to "The '90s Are All That" programming block from December 23, 2013 until January 12, 2014.

Overview
The series is about four friends Oswald "Otto" Rocket (10-11 years old in season 1, 12 years old in season 2 and 13-15 years old since season 3), Regina "Reggie" Rocket (11-12 years old in season 1, 13 years old in season 2 and 14-16 years old since season 3), Maurice "Twister" Rodriguez (10-11 years old in season 1, 12 years old in season 2 and 13-15 years old since season 3) (Otto's 1st best friend), and Sam "Squid" Dullard (10-11 years old in season 2, 12 years old in season 2 and 13-15 years old since season 3) (Otto's 2nd best friend) that play extreme sports and live in the fictional Southern California town of Ocean Shores.

References

Other websites
Rocket Power  on NickToons.com

1999 American television series debuts
Animated television series
Nickelodeon television series
Television series set in California
2004 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Beykent University ()  is a university in Istanbul, Turkey.

References

Other websites
 Beykent University Website 

Colleges and universities in Turkey
1997 establishments in Asia
Istanbul
20th-century establishments in Turkey
Carlos Ariel Borges (14 January 1932 – 5 February 2014) was an Uruguayan footballer. Borges is best known for scoring the first goal ever in a Copa Libertadores.

He earned 35 caps and scored 10 goals for the Uruguay national football team from 1954 to 1959. He played in the 1954 FIFA World Cup when Uruguay finished fourth, as he scored four goals including a hat-trick against Scotland. During his club career he played for C.A. Peñarol.

He died on February 5, 2014, aged 82.

References

1932 births
2014 deaths
Uruguayan footballers
Sportspeople from Montevideo
Althea Louise Brough Clapp (March 11, 1923 – February 3, 2014) was an American tennis player, once ranked world no. 1.

She was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma but moved to Beverly Hills, California when she was four years old.

Brough Clapp appeared in six singles finals at the U.S. Championships, but won only in 1947. She had a match point at 6–5 in the third set of the 1948 final against duPont. She also had three match points in the 1954 final against Hart, the first at 5–4 in the third set and two more at 6–5 in that set.

She was inducted in the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1967.

Brough died at her home in Vista, California, on February 3, 2014, at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
International Tennis Hall of Fame

1923 births
2014 deaths
American female tennis players
Australian Open champions
French Open champions
Sportspeople from Los Angeles County, California
Sportspeople from Oklahoma City
US Open (tennis) champions
Wimbledon champions
World No. 1 tennis players
The Chicago Stadium (nicknamed the 'Madhouse on Madison') was an indoor sports arena and theater in Chicago, Illinois. It opened in 1929, and closed in 1994. It was demolished in 1995 because the Chicago Blackhawks and Chicago Bulls moved to the United Center.

Michael Jordan played his prime years and the Bulls won their first three championships while using Chicago Stadium.

The Stadium hosted the Chicago Blackhawks of the NHL from 1929–1994 and the Chicago Bulls of the NBA from 1967–1994.

The arena was the site of the first NFL playoff game in 1932; the 1932, 1940, and 1944 Democratic National Conventions; and the 1932 and 1944 Republican National Conventions.

The Chicago Blackhawks, also previously known as the Chicago Stadium Corporation, and not the Bulls, are the actual owners of both Chicago Stadium and the United Center.

References

Other websites

Chicago Stadium's Basketball History
Chicago Stadium's Ice Hockey History
A web page devoted to the fabled Chicago Stadium Barton organ
Remembering The Big Barn on W. Madison and its Big Barton Pipe Organ 

1929 establishments in Illinois
1995 disestablishments in the United States
Sports buildings in Chicago, Illinois
1990s disestablishments in Illinois
Wesley Willis (May 31, 1963 – August 21, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter and visual artist from Chicago.

Willis began a career as an underground singer-songwriter in the outsider music tradition, with songs featuring his bizarre, humorous and often obscene lyrics sung over the auto accompaniment feature on his Technics KN electronic keyboard.

On August 21, 2003, Willis died due to complications from chronic myelogenous leukemia in Skokie, Illinois. He was 40 years old.

References

Other websites
 Wesley Willis Biography and MP3s at Alternative Tentacles 
 monzy.org Wesley Willis Biography including Wesley Willis Song Generator 
 Press release  from Willis's good friend Jello Biafra in memory of Willis
 Art of Wesley Willis , drawings by Willis of scenes in Chicago, as well as a sampling of his music.
 Wesley Willis Art , drawings by Willis of scenes in Chicago
 Loved Like a Milkshake A Wesley Willis tribute album by a variety of artists

1963 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
American singer-songwriters
People from Skokie, Illinois
Musicians from Chicago
Singers from Chicago
Richard James "Rich" Appel (born May 21, 1963) is an American writer, producer and former lawyer. He is best known for writing and producing Fox animated sitcoms such as Family Guy, American Dad!, and The Simpsons. He also co-created The Cleveland Show with Seth MacFarlane and Mike Henry.

Background
Appel was born in New York City, New York and grew up in Wilmette, Illinois. He graduated from Harvard University. While at Harvard, he wrote for The Harvard Lampoon with Conan O'Brien and Greg Daniels. He originally worked as a lawyer. He began a career in television writing in 1994. Appel married author Mona Simpson in 1993. They had two children together before divorcing.

References

Other websites

 

Living people
Lawyers from New York City
American television producers
American television writers
Harvard University alumni
Writers from New York City
1963 births
American voice actors
People from New York City
Screenwriters from New York
The Simpsons
Catherine Elizabeth "Kate" Pierson (born April 27, 1948) is an American musician and singer. She was one of the members of The B-52's. She does rock and new wave music. She also sang with other bands.

Pierson was born in Weehawken, New Jersey.

References

1948 births
Living people
Musicians from New Jersey
American rock musicians
Vasiľ Biľak (11 August 1917 – 6 February 2014) was a Slovak communist leader.

He was born in Krajná Bystrá, Austria-Hungary. His family were Rusyns. He first worked as a tailor and then became a politician. First, from 1955 until 1971, he was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Slovakia (ÚV KSS). Biľak was, from November 1968 until December 1988, a secretary of ÚV KSČ with important impact on the foreign policy of the party. From 1960 until 1989, he was a part of the National Assembly, later the Federal Assembly.

Vasiľ Biľak died on 6 February 2014 in Bratislava, Slovakia. He was aged 96.

References

1917 births
2014 deaths
Communists
Czechoslovak politicians
Slovakian politicians
John Harold Ostrom (February 18, 1928 – July 16, 2005) was an American paleontologist.

In the 1960s, he showed that dinosaurs are more like big non-flying birds than they are like lizards (or "saurians"). Thomas Henry Huxley in the 1860s had thought birds evolved from dinosaurs, based on a comparison of Archaeopteryx with Compsognathus. Huxley's idea was later discarded, mainly because Heilmann, in 1926, had different views.

The first of Ostrom's reviews of the osteology and phylogeny of the primitive bird Archaeopteryx appeared in 1976. After the modern discoveries of fossil dinobirds in China, the HuxleyOstrom theory was accepted by almost all palaeontologists.

Ostrom was a professor at Yale University. He was the Curator Emeritus of vertebrate paleontology at the Peabody Museum of Natural History, which has an impressive fossil collection started by Othniel Charles Marsh. He died from complications of Alzheimer's disease.

Discoveries 
His 1964 discovery of Deinonychus was one of the most important fossil finds in history. Deinonychus was an active predator that clearly killed its prey by leaping and slashing or stabbing with its "terrible claw". Evidence of a truly active lifestyle included long strings of tendons running along the tail, making it a stiff counterbalance for jumping and running. The conclusion that at least some dinosaurs had a high metabolism, and were therefore warm-blooded, was popularized by his student Robert Bakker. This helped to change the impression of dinosaurs as the sluggish, slow, cold-blooded lizards which had prevailed since the turn of the century.

This changed how dinosaurs are seen by both professional dinosaur illustrators, and by the public. The find is also credited with triggering the "dinosaur renaissance", a term coined in a 1975 issue of Scientific American by Bakker. It describes the renewed  interest in paleontology, which has lasted from the 1970s to the present.

Ostrom's interest in the dinosaur-bird connection started with his study of what is now known as the Haarlem Archaeopteryx. Discovered in 1855, it was actually the first specimen recovered but, incorrectly labeled as Pterodactylus crassipes, it languished in the Teyler's Museum in the Netherlands until Ostrom's 1970 paper (and 1972 description) correctly identified it as one of only eight "first birds" (counting the solitary feather).

Ostrom also studied fossilized trackways of the duckbilled dinosaur Hadrosaurus. He decided they traveled in herds. To this extent they were social animals like many birds and mammals, but unlike lizards.

References 

 Obituary Los Angeles Times July 21, 2005

Other websites 
Dinosaurs in your garden

1928 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American paleontologists
People from New York City
Brent Matthew Hayden (born October 21, 1983 in Mission, British Columbia) is a Canadian retired swimmer.

During the 100-metre freestyle event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London he won the bronze medal for Canada. He became the first Canadian in 21 years to win a gold medal at the World Aquatics Championships. He was also the first Canadian to appear in the 100-metre final at the Olympics since Dick Pound appeared at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was also the first Canadian to win an Olympic medal in the 100 m event.

After the men's 4 × 100-metre medley relay at the Olympics, Hayden announced that he was retiring. He said he believed in the Canadian swim team to thrive in the future, saying that "I think in the grand scheme of things, with the people we have, we’ve done an amazing job … As long as we keep that momentum building, I think we’re going to see more success come from more diverse events."

References

Other websites
 Official website

1983 births
Canadian Olympic bronze medalists
Canadian swimmers
Living people
Sportspeople from British Columbia
The Zhucheng fossil site is in Zhucheng, a city in the Shandong Province of China. It is perhaps the greatest treasury of dinosaur fossils found in the 20th century.

Zhucheng has been an important site for dinosaur excavation since 1960. The local community used the calcium-rich fossils for traditional village remedies used to treat muscle cramps and other minor ailments.

The world's largest hadrosaur fossil was found in Zhucheng in the 1980s, and is on display in the local museum. Scientists have collected more than  of fossils since 1960.

Many dinosaur bones were smuggled out of the city. In 2008 Australia returned hundreds of kilograms of Chinese dinosaur fossils, including dinosaur fossil eggs. These fossils were recovered during a sting operation carried out on warehouses and cargo containers.

The palaeontologists believe they have found one of the biggest sites of dinosaur remains from a massive excavation pit. The fossilized bones date to the Upper Cretaceous just before to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. The findings also include the remains of a 20 meter (66 ft) hadrosaurid, a record size for the duck-billed dinosaur. A fossilized skull of a large ceratopsian was also found along with bones which belong to club-tailed ankylosaurs.

Such a high concentration of fossil bones in such a small area suggests they died together and suddenly. Scientists believe a volcanic eruption may have killed the dinosaurs, and a subsequent flood carried the fossils to Zhucheng, which may have been a wetland covered in grass.

The local authorities in Shandong are making plans to set up a fossil park in the area.

References 

Lagerstätten