cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
James Norman "Mad Dog" Mattis (born September 8, 1950) is a retired United States Marine Corps general and was the 26th United States Secretary of Defense. On January 20, 2017, the United States Senate confirmed Mattis' nomination as Defense secretary with a 98-1 vote. He last served as the 11th Commander of United States Central Command from August 11, 2010 to March 22, 2013.

On December 20, 2018, Mattis announced his plans to retire on February 28, 2019. However after reading his resignation letter criticizing Trump's treatment of American allies, Trump ordered Mattis fired on December 31, 2018.

Early life
Mattis was born on September 8, 1950, in Pullman, Washington. He was raised in Richland, Washington. Mattis earned a BA degree in history from Central Washington University in 1971.

Military career
Mattis is known for carrying out the COIN strategy. Before President Obama appointed him to replace General Petraeus on August 11, 2010, he commanded United States Joint Forces Command from November 9, 2007 to August 2010 and served as NATO's Supreme Allied Commander Transformation from November 9, 2007 to September 8, 2009 at the same time. Prior to that, he commanded I Marine Expeditionary Force, United States Marine Forces Central Command, and 1st Marine Division during the Iraq War.

United States Secretary of Defense (2017–2018)
On December 1, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced that Mattis would be nominated to serve as United States Secretary of Defense in the coming administration. He was confirmed by the United States Senate with a 98-1 vote. On the same day, he was sworn-in by Vice President Mike Pence.

On April 5, 2017, Mattis called the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack "a heinous act" and said it would be treated accordingly. On April 10, Mattis warned the Syrian government against using chemical weapons again.

Mattis has voiced support for a Saudi Arabian–led military campaign against Yemen's Shiite rebels. He asked Trump to remove restrictions on U.S. military support for Saudi Arabia.

Mattis insisted that the U.S. would remain in Syria following the defeat of ISIS to ensure they did not regroup. However, Trump announced the U.S. withdrawal from Syria on December 19. The next day, Mattis submitted his resignation after failing to persuade Trump to reconsider. In his resignation letter, Mattis criticized Trump for not respecting allied nations while criticizing China and Russia's authoritarian rule. In response to the letter, Trump ordered Mattis' firing on January 1, nearly two months earlier than Mattis planned leaving office.

Personal life
Mattis is a lifelong bachelor who has never been married and has no children. He is nicknamed "The Warrior Monk" because of his bachelor life and lifelong devotion to the study of war.

References

Other websites

 Official Marine Corps biography 
 
 James Mattis Sworn in As US Secretary of Defense
 Department of Defense biography
 Official Marine Corps biography 
 
 

1950 births
Living people
American generals
Independent politicians in the United States
Politicians from Washington
United States Secretaries of Defense
Bernardo Bertolucci (; 16 March 1940 – 26 November 2018) was an Italian director and screenwriter. His most well known works were  The Conformist, Last Tango in Paris, 1900, The Last Emperor, The Sheltering Sky, Stealing Beauty and The Dreamers. 

For The Last Emperor, he won two Academy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards (for directing and screenplay).

In 1979, he was married to screenwriter Clare Peploe. until 2018.

Bertolucci died in Rome on 26 November 2018, at the age of 77 of lung cancer.

References

1940 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Italian movie directors
Italian screenwriters
People from Emilia-Romagna
Academy Award winning writers
Academy Award winning directors
Golden Globe Award winning writers
Golden Globe Award winning directors
Giuseppe Guglielmo Umberto Caselli (July 5, 1893 – December 19, 1976) was an Italian painter. He studied under Felice Del Santo and Antonio Discovolo. In 1913, Caselli was imprisoned in a concentration camp in Austria. After that, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence. In 1938 he participated in the Premio del Golfo (Gulf Award), organized by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti.

Caselli was one of the best known painters from La Spezia. He painted thousands of works during his long career. In his paintings, Caselli showed the life of La Spezia. He painted the life in the Cinque Terre (Five Lands), a portion of coast on the Italian Riviera.

Exhibitions and awards 
 The "Company Promoters of Genoa" 
 The Second Exhibition of the Provincial Fascist Union in 1931
 1965 at the Exhibition of Figurative Arts of Corsairs Circle, La Spezia
 1967, the exhibition of the Salon Arengario Broletto in Novara

 Awarded the national prize for his painting "La Spezia Gulf" in 1933
 Awarded prizes of the "Gulf of La Spezia" from 1949 to 1955; in 1959 and 1961;

Related pages
 List of Italian painters

References 

1893 births
1976 deaths
Italian painters
Sultan Muhammad (generally recognized as Sultan Rahi) was born in a Muslim arain family of Saharanpur in 1938 Uttar Pradesh, British India. He was a famous Pakistani film actor who was well-known in Pakistan in Punjabi & Urdu films during the 1970s and 1980s till 1996. He was mostly admired among people in Punjab, Pakistan and among Sikh and Punjabi community of India. He acted in over 700 Punjabi and Urdu films, and is named in the Guinness Book of Records as the most creative actor. His popular films include: Maula Jatt, Sher Khan, Chan Veryam, Dada, Qanoon, Kaley Chore, and The Godfather. He started his film career as an extra but quickly became a leading actor and in 1972. He was murdered on 9 January 1996 in Gujranwala, Pakistan.

Burly Pakistani actor Sultan Rahi specialized in playing superheroes and muscle men. Over his career, which began with his playing bit parts in the late '50s, Sultan appeared in more than 700 Punjabi films. He became a leading man in 1971 in Babul and a star the following year in Bashira. Born, Muhammad Sultan in India, Rahi moved to Pakistan at age nine.

Filmography

Other websites

1938 births
1996 deaths
Cinema of Pakistan
Pakistani movie actors
Movie producers
Pakistani people
Punjabi people
People from Uttar Pradesh
Madurai Meenakshi Amman temple is a ancient historic Hindu temple on the southern bank of the Vaigai River in the temple city of Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is dedicated to Goddess Meenakshi, and  Sundareswarar (Shiva).

History
The temple is in the center of  2,500-year-old city of Madurai and is a significant symbol for the Tamil people. Though most of the present structure was built between 1623 and 1655 CE. It is said that the temple was originally built in the 6th century BC by survivors of the Kumari Kandam. In the 14th century, the Sultanate Muslim Commander Malik Kafur plundered the temple and looted it of its valuables. It was rebuilt by the Nayak ruler Vishwanatha Nayakar around the 16th century. It houses 14 gopurams (gateway towers), ranging from 45–50m in height. The tallest is the southern tower,  high, and two golden sculptured vimanas, the shrines over the garbhagrihas (sanctums) of the main deities.

Meenakshi temple as a tourist place
The temple attracts 15,000 visitors a day, around 25,000 on Fridays, and receives an annual revenue of  60 million. There are an estimated 33,000 sculptures in the temple. It was on the list of top 30 nominees for the "New Seven Wonders of the World". The temple is the most prominent landmark and most visited tourist attraction in the city. The annual of 10-days Meenakshi Tirukalyanam festival, is celebrated during April and May, attracts 1 million visitors.

Reference
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks full citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. 

Hinduism
Madurai district
Cuddaloreis a city which is the headquarters of the Cuddalore district in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu.After the fall of Cholas, the town was ruled by various dynasties like Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks, Thajavur Marathas, Tipu Sultan, French and the British Empire. Cuddalore was the scene of Seven Years' War and the Battle of Cuddalore in 1758 between the French and British. It has been a part of independent India since 1947. During the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, Cuddalore was one of the affected towns, with 572 casualties.

Apart from fishing and port related industries, Cuddalore houses chemical, pharmacological and energy industries in SIPCOT, an industrial estate set up by the state government. The town is administered by a special-grade municipality covering an area of  and had a population of 173,676 in 2011. Cuddalore is a part of the Cuddalore legislative assembly constituency which is a part of the Cuddalore Lok Sabha constituency. There are a total of nine schools, two arts and science colleges and two engineering colleges in the town. There is one government hospital, six municipal maternity homes and 37 other private hospitals that take care of the healthcare needs of the citizens. Roadways are the major means of transportation, while the town also has rail connectivity. The nearest airport is Chennai International Airport, located  away from the town. The nearest major seaport is Karaikal port, located  away from the town.

Cuddalore is located at . It has an average elevation of . The land is completely flat with large deposits of black and alluvial soil inland and coarse sand near the seashore. The sandstone deposits in the town are popular. The Pennayar river runs north of the town, while Gadilam river runs across it. Cuddalore is situated at a distance of  from the state capital Chennai and  from Puducherry, the neighbouring union territory. The nearest airport is at Chennai,  kilometres from Cuddalore. According to 2011 census, Cuddalore had a population of 173,636 with a sex-ratio of 1,026 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 17,403 were under the age of six, constituting 8,869 males and 8,534 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 13.22% and .3% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the city was 78.92%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.

References

Cuddalore district
Adyar River is one of the two rivers that flows in Chennai. It originates near the Chembarambakkam Lake, Kanchipuram district.The  long river contributes to the estuarine ecosystem of Chennai. Despite the high pollution levels, boating and fishing take place in this river. The river collects surplus water from about 200 tanks and lakes, small streams and the rainwater drains in the city, with a combined catchment area of . Most of the waste from the city is drained into this river and the Cooum River.

Adyar river starts from Malaipattu tank near Manimangalam village in Sriperumbudur Taluk at about  west of Tambaram near Chennai. It starts to appear as a stream only from the point where water from Chembarambakkam lake joins the river. It flows through Kancheepuram, Tiruvallur and Chennai district for about  before joining the Bay of Bengal in Adyar, Chennai. Here it forms an estuary, which extends from the Adyar Bridge to the sandbar at the edge of the sea, with some small islets in-between. The estuary attracts a wide variety of birds. The estuary covering an area of about  was made a protected wildlife reserve in 1987. The river forms a backwater near the mouth, known as the Adyar creek, due to the formation of sand bar at the mouth. This creek is a natural channel which carries tidal water back into the sea.

The river is almost stagnant except during the rain season. Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation has led to severe contamination of this river. However, the river gets just 10 per cent of the untreated sewage being let into the three principle waterways of Chennai daily, with the other two, namely, the Buckingham Canal and the Cooum River, taking the major share (60 per cent and 30 per cent, respectively).
The problem of sedimentation was not severe as the Adyar's width near Thiru.Vi.Ka. Bridge is nearly  that enabled tidal effect into the waterway for about . However, it was essential to provide groynes to keep the river mouth open for adequate width and prevent inundation during monsoon. In 2011, the Water Resources Department (WRD) proposed to construct groynes to reduce formation of sand bars near the mouth the river.In 2012, the state government allotted  3,000 million towards construction of 337 sewage cleaning systems in the waterways in the city, including 49 locations in the Adyar river. Others include 105 points in Cooum river and 183 locations in the Buckingham Canal.

Reference

Chennai district
Rivers of Tamil Nadu
Hamamatsu Festival (浜松まつり) is a festival held in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, on May 3 to 5 every year. The Hamamatsu festival is not a religious festival but a city festival. In Japan, May 3 to 5 is a holiday called Golden week. Golden week is the longest national holiday in Japan. May 3 is Constitution Memorial Day, May 4 is Greenery Day, and May 5 is Children's Day. During the festival, people who live in each ward celebrate children, especially baby boys, and local restaurants pray for success and prosperity.

History 
The first Hamamatsu festival was held in 1558 to celebrate the birth of the son of the lord of Hamamatsu castle. The lord and his close advisers flew a kite with the son's name written on it. In the middle of the Edo era (1603~1868), not only in Hamamatsu but also all over Japan, it became popular to fly kites on the Children's Day (May 5). On that day, Japanese people usually celebrate and pray for boys' growth, good health, and bright futures.

Kite festival 

The Hamamatsu festival is famous for its large kites. At 11 am on May 3, more than 100 large kites fly in the sky.  The kite holders stand at the Nakataima Sand Dunes and release them all at the same time, signaled by a trumpet call. The Nakatajima Sand Dunes, is one of three largest sand dune areas in Japan. The Nakatajima Dunes overlook Enshu-nada sea, so the place has the strong winds needed for flying kites. The kites are decorated with baby boys' names and marks or designs of each town (chō). People believe that the higher the kites fly, the healthier the baby boys grow up.

Participants in each town also fight using the kites: They intertwine the 5 mm thick kite strings and use the friction to cut their opponents' kite strings. This kite festival is held for three days in the daytime.

Parade 

At night, there is a parade.  The parade has 83 palace-like parade floats in the center of Hamamatsu. Parade floats are large, movable carts covered in scenery or sculptures.  Each small town has one float.  Girls ride on the floats and play traditional music using Japanese instruments like taiko drums, shinobue flutes, and bells. Other children, their families, and people who live in the town also carry a floats around the area. The audience watches the parade from the side of the road.

References 

Japanese culture
Festivals in Asia
1558 establishments
16th-century establishments in Japan
May events
Wat yai chai mongkhon is a Buddhist temple in Ayutthaya, Thailand. It is the most important temple in Ayutthaya. It is a historical landmark and a popular tourist attraction.

References 

Buddhist temples in Thailand
Hyeokgeose (혁거세) was the first king of Silla (신라), a the kingdom of ancient south-west Korea, from B.C. 57 to B.C. 935.

Mythology

Birth of Hyeokgeose 
In B.C. 69, six village chiefs gathered with their children and announced that “We have been living disorderly. It because we do not have a Great Chief on our villages. So, let’s set someone on the throne who is a virtuous person and found a nation.” At that time, they found the strange light looked like thunderbolt on Yang-san (양산) .

When they climbed the mountain to observe the light, The light went up to the sky at Najung (난정), the foot of Yang-san. And They found a white horse that was bowing. The horse flew up to the sky after it howled a long time. As soon as it left, they looked through the place and they found a big purple egg. The people broke the egg, and they reached out one boy who looked nice and beautiful. When people washed him at Dongchun (동천), his body shines and birds and beasts came to dance and sing. Also the sky and the earth shook and the sun and the moon became clear. After then, people named him King Hyeokgeose, meaning bright ruler.

Birth of Queen 
When the son of the sky came down to the earth, he suggested that Hyeokgeose has to find good wife for him. At that time, Gyeryong (계룡), which is a dragon looked like rooster, came down from the sky to Alyeong-jung (알영정) in Sarang-ri (사량리) and bore a beautiful girl who had chicken beak under the dragon’s left rib. When people moved and washed her at Bookchun (북천) in Walsung (월성), the beak chipped off. So the people called the place Balchun (발천) and named her Alyeong.

Marriage 
The people built up the palace at the foot of South mountain and brought up two babies, who are Hyeokgeose and his wife to be a prince and princess.

Death 
After 61 years from he start to rule the country, he flew up to heaven. After seven days, the ashes of his body fell to the earth and scattered, and the soul of his queen ascended to join him in paradise. All the people cried the ashes of their great king and queen. So they tried to bury them in the same tomb, but a big snake showed up and protected the ashes. So the royal remains of each were divided into five parts and interred in pairs in the Northern Mausoleum, within the precincts of a temple called Tamom-sa (담엄사). The people called these the Five Mausoleums, or Sa-ning (Tomb of the Snake;사능). The Crown Prince succeeded to the throne and was given the title Namhae-wang.

Reign 
The prince was crowned king with Princess Alyeong. The country at that time was called Sorabol (서라벌) in native language. The name Silla was not used until a later time. during the reign of Kaerim-guk (계림국). The Great Chief of the Park family founded the kingdom of Silla and ruled over it for sixty-two years

Origin of Family Name, Park 
Since the prince had been born from an egg in the shape of the gourd called "park" in the native tongue, they gave him the family name Park (박). The princess was named Alyeong (알영) after the well where she was born.

Korea
History of Korea
69 BC births
Hohtenn is a village and former municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Hohtenn and Steg merged into the new municipality of Steg-Hohtenn.

Former municipalities of Valais
Villages in Valais
Kippel is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 

Municipalities of Valais
The Bridge is a long poem by American author Hart Crane. The work was published for the first time in 1930. It was intended by the poet to be a modern epic poem. The poem has fifteen parts. Many of them are about New York City. The best-known part of the poem is its introductory part named To Brooklyn Bridge. The Bridge is considered to be Hart Crane's most ambitious undertaking. It is sometimes, however, called a failure, too.

Hart Crane is a modern poet. But in this poem he used mostly iambic pentameter. This iambic pentameter is usually unrhymed (blank verse), but sometimes rhymed.

And Thee, across the harbor, silver paced
As though the sun took step of thee yet left
Some motion ever unspent in thy stride,—
Implicitly thy freedom staying thee!

Hart Crane is known for his attention to the sounds of language. He used alliteration, rhymes and internal assonance. The assonance, that is repeating of the same vowel, can be found in this strophe. The sound [i] occurs in many accented syllables in it.

How many dawns, chill from his rippling rest
The seagull’s wings shall dip and pivot him,
Shedding white rings of tumult, building high
Over the chained bay waters Liberty —

Alliteration, that is repeating of the same consonant, should be noticed in the next strophe.

O harp and altar, of the fury fused,
(How could mere toil align thy choiring strings!)
Terrific threshold of the prophet’s pledge,
Prayer of pariah, and the lover’s cry,

References

Other websites 
 Percy Hutchinson, Hart Crane's Cubistic Poetry in 'The Bridge'
 Pu Zhao, A Short Comment on Hart Crane’s Poem To Brooklyn Bridge 

Epic poems
The American Eskimo dog is a small breed of companion dog originating in Germany. The hair of American Eskimo dog is snowy white. Their hair also is long and thick, pure and luster, agile and flexible. American Eskimo belongs to the Spitz family. And all these breeds are from German Spitz. During the First World War, this breed was renamed “American Eskimo Dog.” There are three sizes of American Eskimo breed: toy, miniature and standard. The average lifespan of American Eskimo Dog is 12–15 years.

The best living places that are suit for American Eskimo Dog is active singles and seniors, apartments, family with children, houses with yards. This breed loves playing with human and it is very friendly with the children and stranger. Also, the nickname of American Eskimo Dog is “Eskie”.

History 
In the mid nineteenth century, the American Eskimo Dog was discovered in German colonial area in the United States. These dogs belong to the breed of German Spitz that came over from Europe with immigrants. Their early name is American Spitz. The American Eskimo Dog was famed in the United States at the end of nineteenth Century. In 1917, these dogs were renamed from American Spitz to American Eskimo Dog. (Even though their name does not have connection with American Eskimo culture.) They used to be watchdogs on farms to protect people's property. But at the end of nineteenth Century, the American Eskimo Dog prevailed in the circus.They  attracted a lot of people’ s attention because of their white coat, innate intelligence, trainability and amazing agility. Later, the American Eskimo Dog has become the first choice for household.

Sizes

Temperament/Behavior 

The American Eskimo Dog is full of vitality. They can make people who are around them feel happy. This breed wants to run, play, learn new tasks and solve problems. They are great watchdog that are always vigilant. But this breed loves barking. If you leave your dog at home by itself, it will bark whole day. Your neighbors may complain because of barking. You can’t train the barking out of the Eskie, but you can teach them a stop barking command. American Eskimo Dogs need companionship, and if they stay alone, they will feel very dysphoric.

Exercise requirement 
Because this breed likes sports, the dog needs to have plenty of exercise every day. A lot of exercise can keep their health and make them happy. The toy and miniature sizes can be fed in apartments, but the standard sizes may need a yard or enough space to run.

References 

Dog breeds
Street cricket or backyard cricket is an informal version of the game of cricket. 

It is played in many countries by people of all types and ages. It is played  in gardens, back yards, on the street, in parks, car parks, beaches and other places. The rules get adapted to local conditions. They play with bat or bat like wood  and use any kind of ball like plastic, sponge, paper and others.

Overview 
Street cricket sometimes uses rules from similar games, like baseball. For example, a batter who is not in a batsman's ground can be touched by an opponent holding the ball to be tagged out, or the opponent might put a foot on the wicket while holding the ball to run out a batter, which is similar to a force out.

South American versions

Bete-ombro
 
Bete-ombro is a Brazilian bat-and-ball game very similar to cricket.  The main differences are that there are no 4s or 6s, and only the bat can be used to avoid runouts and stumpings. The wickets are often bottles.

Plaquita
 
"La plaquita" or "la placa" is a similar game from the Dominican Republic, which traditionally used license plates as wickets.

Bat-en-bal 
Bat-en-bal is played in Suriname, with only one set of stumps.

References

Cricket
Trans World Airlines Flight 800 (TWA 800) was a scheduled flight from John F. Kennedy Int'l Airport to Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport on July 17, 1996. The aircraft was a Boeing 747-100. The plane exploded just 12 minutes after takeoff. It crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near East Moriches, New York. The cause was determined to be a spark that ignited the center wing fuel tank. None of the 230 people onboard survived. It remains the third-deadliest aviation accident in U.S. history.

Passengers and Crew

Most of the 230 occupants on-board were from the United States, but 42 more came from France, 10 from Argentina, and 60 more from sixteen other countries.

The pilots on board TWA Flight 800 were Captain Ralph G. Kevorkian, Co-pilot Steven E. Snyder and Flight Engineer Richard G. Campbell. All had more than 30 years employment with Trans World Airlines. There was also a Flight Engineer Trainee on board Oliver Krick, who was starting the sixth leg of his initial operating experience training.

References

Other websites 
 The Crash of TWA Flight 800; YouTube

Aviation disasters in the United States
1996 in the United States
Accidental deaths
Aviation disasters in the 1990s
1990s in New York (state)
Conspiracy theories
There are 3 arrondissements in the Haute-Marne department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Haute-Marne are:

History
Since its creation, the Haute-Marne department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with six districts: Bourbonne, Bourmont, Chaumont, Joinville, Langres and Saint-Dizier; the capital was Chaumont.
 1800 : creation of three arrondissements: Chaumont, Langres and Wassy.
 1926 : the arrondissement of Wassy was eliminated.
 1943 : Wassy was made again an arrondissement but the subprefecture was moved to Saint-Dizier.

Related pages
List of arrondissements of France

References

Haute-Marne
There are 5 arrondissements in the Marne department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Marne are:

History
Since its creation, the Marne department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with six districts: Châlons-sur-Marne, Reims, Épernay, Sézanne, Sainte-Menehould and Vitry-le-François; the capital was Châlons-sur-Marne (now Châlons-en-Champagne).
 1800 : creation of five arrondissements: Châlons-sur-Marne, Reims, Épernay, Sézanne, Sainte-Menehould and Vitry-le-François.
 1926 : the arrondissement of Sainte-Menehould was eliminated.
 1940 : Sainte-Menehould was made again an arrondissement.

Related pages
List of arrondissements of France

References

Marne
The 2016 Oakland warehouse fire was a fire in Oakland, California on December 2, 2016. At around 11:30 PM Pacific Standard Time, a fire started in a warehouse. The warehouse, known as Ghost Ship, had been changed into places for people to live and into an artist collective. Those changes were done without permits.

At least 36 people died because of the fire. It was the deadliest building fire in Oakland history.

References

Oakland warehouse fire
2016 in California
2010s fires
December 2016 events
Fires in the United States
Oakland, California
The Vaganova Ballet Academy is a ballet school which was founded in 1738 by Empress Anna Ioannovna (1693-1740) in Saint Petersburg, Russia. 

The original name of the academy was the Imperial Ballet School. In the Soviet regime, the school was rebuilt as the Leningrad State Choreographic Institute. After that, in 1957, the name of the school became the Vaganova Ballet Academy by Agrippina Vaganova. Every year, over 3,000 children audition and only approximately 70 children are accepted. It has eight year curriculum, and 30 dancers complete the whole of the curriculum. Dancers who take the eight year course may join ballet companies all over the world.

References 

Ballet companies
Kishiwada Danjiri festival( 岸和田だんじり祭り） is a festival which is held in Kishiwada, located in southern Osaka,  in Japan for abundant crops. There are some differnet Danjiri matsuri festivals in western Japan region, but Kishiwada one is the biggest. People pull Danjiri float , run, walk and play some traditional instrument.   The date which it is held is on saturday and Sunday just before the Respect-for-the Aged Day Holiday of September.

Food 
There are some special foods for this festival. Some people invite their relative or friends and make blue crabs, Kantoudaki and Kurumimochi. People in Kishiwada eat a blue swimming crabs which is caught in the sea near Senshu which is located in south Osaka. The best time of catching crabs coincidents with the festival so people had degun to eat it. Kantoudaki is a japanese food in which variety of ingredients such as egg, radish potatoes, octopus, beef are boiled together in a large pot of seasoned fish broth. It is easy to make a lot at one time so many people cook this dish in Danjiri festival. Kurumimochi is a kind of a rice cake covered with ground walnuts. This is a local sweet in Osaka, and people eat this for huge harvest.

Organization 
the management of this festival is organized by some neighborhood associations in each town. There is an association for Danjiri in each town in parallel with women's association and child association. there are some roles in this organization. The leader is called is called Tyoukaichou( 町会長）, and the person who assumes heavy responsibility. When some incident happen or the accident has caused someone's death, Tyoukaityou is reponsible. He rides in front of Danjiri float. The leader pulling Danjiri is called Eikousekininnsha(曳行責任者. He is the highest ranking person and he is also in front of Danjiri float.

References 

Festivals in Asia
Alissa White-Gluz (born July 31, 1985) is a Canadian singer. She is best known for being the lead singer of Swedish death metal band Arch Enemy and the former singer of Canadian metal band The Agonist.

Career

The Agonist
In 2004, she formed The Agonist with guitar player Danny Marino and bass player Chris Kells.

Arch Enemy
In 2014, she left The Agonist and joined Arch Enemy after the last singer, Angela Gossow, left.

Discography

The Agonist
2007 – Once Only Imagined
2009 – Lullabies for the Dormant Mind
2011 – The Escape (EP)
2012 – Prisoners

Arch Enemy
2014 – War Eternal 
2017 – As the Stages Burn!
2017 – Will to Power
2019 – Covered in Blood

Guest appearances
Never More Than Less – on track "So Beautiful" – Album Relentless (2008, Le Collectif Artcore)
(the) Plasmarifle – on track "From The Trail of Ashes..." – Album While You Were Sleeping The World Changed in an Instant (October 2008 Siege of Amida Records)
Blackguard – on track "The Sword" – Album Profugus Mortis (April 2009 Sumerian Records)
Kamelot – on track "Sacrimony (Angel of Afterlife)" – Album Silverthorn (October 2012 SPV/Steamhammer, King)
Delain – on track "The Tragedy Of The Commons" – Album The Human Contradiction (April 2014 Napalm Records)
Kamelot – on tracks "Liar Liar (Wasteland Monarchy)" and "Revolution" – Album Haven (February 2015 Napalm Records)
Metal Allegiance – guest vocals on "We Rock" – Album Metal Allegiance (2015, Nuclear Blast)
Karmaflow – as the Muse in "The Muse and the Conductor" (2015)
Caliban – on track "The Ocean's Heart" – Album Gravity (March 2016, Century Media)
And Then She Came – on track "Five Billion Lies" – Album And Then She Came (June 2016 DME Music Napalm Records)
Tarja Turunen – on track "Demons in You" – Album The Shadow Self (August 2016, earMUSIC)
Delain – guest vocals on "Hands of Gold" – Album Moonbathers (August 2016 Napalm Records)
Metal Allegiance – guest vocals on "Life in the Fast Lane" – Album Fallen Heroes (2016, Nuclear Blast)
Evesdroppers – guest vocals on "God's Ocean" – Album Empty Vessel, (2016, Casual Madness)
American Murder Song – as Pretty Lavinia (2016)
Aurelio Voltaire – on track "Leaves In The Stream" – Album Heart-Shaped Wound, (2017)
Angra – on track "Black Widow's Web" – Album ØMNI (2018)
Dee Snider – on track "Dead Hearts (Love Thy Enemy)" – Album For the Love of Metal (2018, Napalm Records)
Soilwork – on track "Stålfågel" – Album Verkligheten (2019, Nuclear Blast)
Mark Morton – on track "The Truth Is Dead" (w/ Randy Blythe of Lamb of God) – Album Anesthetic (2019, Spinefarm)
Carnifex – on track "No Light Shall Save Us" – Album World War X (2019, Nuclear Blast)
Kane Roberts – on track "Beginning of the End" – Album The New Normal, (2019, Frontiers Records)
Babymetal – on track "Distortion" – Album Metal Galaxy (2019)
Kamelot – on live album "I Am the Empire – Live from the 013" (2020, Napalm Records)
Charlotte Wessels – on single "Lizzie" (2020, collaboration)

References 

1985 births
Living people
Canadian singers
A multiplication table is a tool used to learn how to multiply two numbers. The oldest known multiplication tables were written by the Babylonians about 4000 years ago. Many people think it is important to know how to multiply two numbers by heart, usually up to 12 × 12, 30 × 30, 50 × 50, or 100 × 100.

Most children are introduced to the two, five and 10 times tables by year two - at the age of six and seven. Between the age of seven and eight, children start to learn the three, four and eight times tables. The hardest multiplication is 6×8, which students got wrong 63% of the time. This was closely followed by 8×6, then 11×12, 12×8 and 8×12. The easiest multiplication, on the other hand, was 1×12, which students got wrong less than 5% of the time, followed by 1×6 and 9×1.

In a multiplication table, a number on the first column is multiplied by a number on the first row. The number they corner up to is the answer. In the table below, 21 and 18 are multiplied to get 378, using the table. The numbers in bold are squares (numbers multiplied by themselves).

Warring States decimal multiplication table 

A group of 21 strips of bamboo from 305 BC from the Warring States period is the world's oldest known decimal multiplication table.

Examples 
The traditional form of multiplication tables are written in columns with complete number sentences, instead of the standard modern grid. This form is also taught in the schools. Some examples of traditional form of multiplication tables are multiplication tables of 6 and 7 given below.

Other operations 

Addition and Division can also have their own tables. Similarly, Subtraction can also have its own table, although it is not commonly used.

In mathematics, a division table, like multiplication table, is a mathematical table used to define a division operation for an algebraic system, or to obtain the solution to a certain equation. The division symbol ÷ is used in the division table, known as the obelus. It was first used to signify division in 1659. Mathematicians however, almost never use the ÷ symbol for division. Instead they use fraction notation, called the vinculum. Division tables are used for finding the Quotient in the Long division.

References

Mathematics
Linus Gabriel Sebastian is a host of the YouTube channels LinusTechTips, TechQuickie, TechLinked, ShortCircuit, and ChannelSuperFun. He is the founder of LinusMediaGroup, a company dedicated to creating videos for these channels. In 2015, Inc. magazine ranked Sebastian 4th in a list of the "Top 30 Power Players in Tech".

References 

YouTubers
Wigan Warriors are a rugby league club from Wigan, United Kingdom. Wigan play in Super League and have won 21 league championships, 19 Challenge Cups and 4 World Club titles. Wigan play at the DW Stadium.

Rugby
The Super League is a rugby league competition for clubs from the United Kingdom and France. The league started in 1996 and Wigan Warriors are the current champions, having won the 2016 title.

Current teams

Castleford Tigers
Catalans Dragons
Huddersfield Giants
Hull F.C.
Leigh Centurions
Leeds Rhinos
Salford Red Devils
St Helens R.F.C.
Wakefield Trinity
Warrington Wolves
Widnes Vikings
Wigan Warriors

Former teams

Bradford Bulls
Hull Kingston Rovers
London Broncos
Newcastle Thunder
North Wales Crusaders
Sheffield Eagles
Workington Town

Winners

Leeds Rhinos (7): 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2015
St Helens (6): 1996, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2006 and 2014
Bradford (4): 1997, 2001, 2003 and 2005
Wigan (4): 1998, 2010, 2013 and 2016

Rugby
Andrew Franklin "Andy" Puzder (born July 11, 1950) is the chief executive of CKE Restaurants. He received his Juris doctorate in 1978 from Washington University School of Law in St. Louis where he served as senior editor on the Law Review. Puzder has served as president and CEO of CKE since September 2000.

On December 8, 2016, Puzder was named as President-elect Donald Trump's nominee for United States Secretary of Labor. He withdrew as the nominee on February 15, 2017.

References

1950 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Cleveland, Ohio
Businesspeople from Tennessee
Politicians from Cleveland, Ohio
Politicians from Tennessee
US Republican Party politicians
Lawyers from Tennessee
Lawyers from Cleveland, Ohio
Joseph Mascolo (March 13, 1929 – December 8, 2016) was an American musician and former dramatic actor. 

Mascolo was born in West Hartford, Connecticut. He studied at the University of Miami and at the United States Military Academy. He began acting in 1957. 

During his long career, he has acted in many movies such as Jaws 2, Heat and The Trail of the Incredible Hulk. He was best known for playing super villian Stefano DiMera, a role he originated in 1982 on NBC's Days of Our Lives until his retirement in January 2016.

Mascolo was married to Rose Maimone in 1953. She died in 1986. They had one son. Mascolo then married Patricia Schultz in 2005. He lived in Los Angeles. California. Mascolo was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2015 and suffered a crippling stroke the same year.

Mascolo died on December 8, 2016 at his home in Los Angeles from complication of the disease, aged 87. He was survived by his wife Patricia, his sister Marie, his son Peter and a step-daughter Laura.

References

Other websites

His Personal Website

1929 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American movie actors
American television actors
Musicians from Connecticut
Actors from Connecticut
People from West Hartford, Connecticut
Virtual reality (often just called VR) is the name for computer technology that makes a person feel like they are somewhere else.  It uses software to produce images, sounds, and other sensations to create a different place so that a user feels like he or she is really part of this other place.  That other place can be a real place (to take a tour in another country, for instance) or imaginary (playing a game). 

A user uses a headset which consists of a screen to project the content, and speakers to produce sounds.
The technology to do this needs special display screens or projectors and other devices.  Often the picture will change when the user moves their head, they may be able to "walk" through this virtual space and to see things in that space from different directions, and maybe move things in that space.  Haptic feedback might also be used to help make it seem more real - haptic feedback uses special gloves that make it feel like you touched something in real life.

Virtual reality is different than augmented reality, which shows the real place that a person is in, but changes or adds to it.  Pokémon Go is an example of augmented reality. Augmented reality headsets are also commercially available such as the Microsoft HoloLens.

Computer graphics
Electronics
Martisberg is a former municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Martisberg and Betten merged into the new municipality of Bettmeralp.

Former municipalities of Valais
Mörel is a former municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Mörel and Filet merged into the new municipality of Mörel-Filet.

Former municipalities of Valais
Bettmeralp is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

Before the merger, Bettmeralp was the name of a village and ski resort in Betten.

On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Betten and Martisberg merged into the new municipality of Bettmeralp.

References

Other websites

 Official website of the municipality of Bettmeralp 

2014 establishments in Switzerland
Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland
Municipalities of Valais
Villages in Valais
Clube Náutico Capibaribe is a football club which plays in Brazil.

References 

Brazilian football clubs
Recife
1931 establishments in Brazil
Citropsis articulata is a type of flowering plant in the citrus family. It is native to tropical West Africa.

The plant and fruit are known by many names. Some of the names are: African cherry orange, West African cherry orange, Uganda cherry orange, Agbalumo, Udara, Otien, and Omuboro.

References

Citrus
“Ta Moko” means tattoo art in Maori.
Often these tattoos covered the whole face and were a symbol of rank, social status, power and prestige for the Maori people.
Ta Moko is a visual language which connects the person who has it to his “whakapapa”. Whakapapa is the family, it’s the genealogical tree, so there is nothing which links religion to Ta Moko. 
Ta Moko symbolises identification with their origins. It is considered to be beautiful but ferocious because they have to frighten their enemies. The Maori facial tattoo was used as a kind of “identification card”.

                                 
These tattoos look like animals or geometric shapes. The most popular tattoo is “the tortoise”. 
The technique of making tattooes leaves scars. Traditional tools to make Ta Moko are albatross bone chisels and black ink. A Maori tattoo takes a lot of time to do; generally the Maori people start tattooing themselves in adolescence and they finish in adulthood. They take years to be finished. But a real Ta Moko is very painful. The tattoo artist removes your skin by making wide cuts with a mallet and either a Turtle scale or an Albatross bone. So it takes a long time and you suffer a lot.

                                 
Boys start to be tattooed around adolescence but  we don’t know when women can start to be tattooed.
Men’s tattooes can be found everywhere on their bodies; whereas women can only have tattooes on their foreheads, necks, lips, chins and backs. 

                               
The number of tattooes they have depends on their age, what the people have done in their lives and the place of the person in the tribe. For Maoris these tattooes are like a diary because they are a written record of all the important events and places a man has experienced in his life.

Maori
Body art
Sekkizhar is a Tamil poet and scholar. He lived during the period of Kulothunga Chola II. He was considered an excellent poet. Sekkizhar wrote Periya Puranam. It was originally 4253 poems describing the lives of 63 Shaiva Nayanars.

Life of Sekkizhar
Sekkizhar was born in the village of Kundrathur in Kancheepuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He was a scholar in vedas as well as Tirumurai (later his work was also been added as a tirumurai). His real name is Ramadevan. He was an inmate in a Vaishnavite shrine near Kanchipuram. He started his works of Periya Puranam when he was in Chidambaram. Among all Puranas in Tamil, Sekkizhar's Periya Puranam stands first. Kulothunga Chola II began to restore Tamil Shaivism that was begun by his ancestors because he was a great devotee of Lord Nataraja (Shiva) at Chidambaram. The king called upon Sekkizhar to compose a poem on the life of Shaiva saints.

In Tamil literature, Periya Puranam, the great poem works of Sekkizhar is considered the fifth veda. It had also took place as the twelfth tirumarai or Shiva canon.

References

Indian poets
Cuttack is the former capital of the state of Odisha in East India. It is the headquarters of the Cuttack district. Cuttack is nicknamed the "Millennium City" and the "Silver City". Cuttack has over 1000 years of history, and has a famous silver jewelry works. The High Court of Odisha is located in Cuttack. Cuttack is also called as the commercial capital of Odisha. This is due to the large number of trading and business houses in the city.

Cuttack and Bhubaneswar are often called the Twin-Cities of Odisha. The metropolitan area formed by the two cities has a population of 1.68 million in 2014. Cuttack is a Tier-II city as per the ranking system used by Government of India.

Reference

India
Cities in India
The Danish Football Association ( DBU) is the body that controls Danish football. The DBU has also been the governing body of futsal in Denmark since 2008.

Formed on May 18, 1889, it is the oldest football association outside Great Britain and Ireland.

References

Other websites 
Official web site in Danish and English

1889 establishments in Europe
Mörel-Filet is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Filet and Mörel merged into the new municipality of Mörel-Filet.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Mörel-Filet 

2009 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Valais
Niedergesteln is a municipality in the district Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Niedergesteln 

Municipalities of Valais
Tryptophan (Trp or W) is encoded by the codon UGG. It is an α-amino acid used in the biosynthesis of proteins. 

Tryptophan has an α-amino group (which is in the –NH3+ form under biological conditions), and an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions). It also has a side chain indole, which makes it a non-polar aromatic amino acid. Tryptophan is essential to humans: the body cannot synthesize it, so it must be got from the diet.

Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin.

References 

Amino acids