cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jean de Venette (circa 1307 – after 1360) was born in Venette, France. He was a chronicler of the Hundred Years' War. He also recorded the events of the Black Plague, the revolt of the  Jacquerie, and other historical events that occurred in his lifetime.  Venette studied at the University of Paris. He became a Carmelite friar and shared his knowledge with his fellow monks.  Jean de Venette realized the importance of education and taught many monks how to read and write.  He also wrote a history of the Order of the Carmelites.

Jean de Venette became the Prior of the Carmelite monastery in Paris from 1339 to 1342, and was the Provincial Superior of France from 1341 to 1366. This later title made him the head of all of the Carmelite monasteries in the Province.

About 1340, he began to write down historical events happening around him.  He said he recorded them   "...in great measure as I have seen and heard them". He describes a great famine that he witnessed at age seven or eight years old.  He states it started on the 15th day of March in 1315 and lasted more than two years and ended in 1318."

In that same year of 1340 he describes a great comet that appeared in Gaul. He believed, as did many people in his time, that these events were warnings from God of bad things that would happen.

In 1341, de Venette states Prince John II of Brittany died.

In 1346 he announces that "King Edward of England set sail for Normandy with a great many armed men". 

In 1348, de Venette described the Black Plague and how brave the nuns were that cared for the people. Also how many of them died as a result of their dedication.

He wrote of battles between England and France during the Hundred Years' War where he was so close, "the arrows darkened the sky around him”.  Some of these battles he described were the siege of Calais in 1347 and the Battle of Poitiers (1356) where the French King and his son were captured.  He gives an account of what happened after Poitiers where he states that there seem to be no rule in the kingdom.  He wrote that "thieves and robbers rose up everywhere in the land and the Nobles also robbed and pillaged the peasants and took no thought for the people but rather for their own profit".

He states that in 1356, he witnessed the people of Paris building walls around their city because they did not trust the Nobles to protect them.  De Venette goes into great detail, stating that the "citizens placed iron chains across the streets and crossways of Paris".  They also built new walls, dug great ditches and tore down houses near the walls whether they were new or old.

Jean de Venette's writings are considered very important because he was an eye witness to many historical events.  His writings are detailed and vivid.  Many of the other well-known chroniclers wrote about events much later then they actually happened and relied upon one-sided accounts.  They were often commissioned by Kings and Nobles who wanted their particular point of view to be stressed.

Jean de Venette died after 1360.

References 

French historians
Monks
French writers
1307 births
1360s deaths
Athelheard, also spelled Æthelheard († 740), was a West Saxon nobleman and atheling. He was the King of Wessex from 726 until his death. He took the powerful kingdom of Wessex left to him by Ine and lost much of it to Mercia.

King of Wessex 

When Ine stepped down as King of Wessex it caused a problem of succession. Ine's son had been killed rebelling against Ine a year earlier. Ine was now in his sixties and retired to Rome. He 'commended his kingdom to younger men'. It came down to a struggle between the two athelings, Oswald and Athelheard, Oswald was descended from Ceawlin. The same entry calls Athelheard kinsman to Ine. The two fought and Athelheard became king. In one charter Athelheard is called the brother of Ine's wife Atelburh.

In 733 Somerton was lost to King Aethelbald of Mercia. This was quickly followed by the territory beyond Selwood being lost to Mercia. Athelheard's authority was so weak that Aethelbald was able to give the Archbishop of Canterbury a gift of the monastery of Cookham in Berkshire (Wessex). Aethelbald also took Wiltshire, Sussex and much of the heartlands of Wessex. Athelheard could do nothing to prevent this loss. He also took part in Athelbald's wars with the Welsh. It seems Athelbald's wife, Frithugyth, was Mercian herself. In 737 she made a pilgrimage to Rome along with bishop Forthhere of Sherborne. Athelheard died in 740, his successor was his kinsman Cuthred.

Family 

He married Frithugyth. They had no known children.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex 

Year of birth unknown
740s deaths
Kings of Wessex
"Blurred Lines" is an R&B song by Robin Thicke. It has vocals by Pharrell and T.I. and was produced by Pharrell. It was released on March 26, 2013. It was the lead single from his album Blurred Lines. It has reached number one in 14 countries. It became Thicke's most successful song, being his first to reach number one on the Hot 100. He had already peaked number 14 in 2007 with "Lost Without U".

"Blurred Lines" sold more than any other single in 2013. It sold over 1.44 million copies.

Two versions of the music video were made. The first version of the video was removed from YouTube for showing topless models Emily Ratajkowski, Elle Evans, and Jessi M'Bengue.  In the second version the models are not topless. Several parodies were made. On November 12, the English pop singer Lily Allen released the video for her single "Hard Out Here". It featured Mylar balloons spelling out "Lily Allen has a baggy pussy", spoofing the balloons in Thicke's video saying "Robin Thicke has a big dick".

Thicke wanted the song to sound like Got to Give It Up by Marvin Gaye. Members of Gaye's family have accused Thicke, T.I. and Pharrell of illegal copying. Thicke offered the family a six-figure sum of money to end the lawsuit but they did not accept it.

The song was banned by twenty UK universities. Essex University students started a petition to have the song banned there too. Alice Smart, a Leeds Student Union officer, said, “I’m proud that we’ve taken the decision to stop playing ‘Blurred Lines’ in our bars and clubs because the song undermines real and dangerous issues around consent. Just because the song has been commercially successful doesn’t mean we have to play it knowing that it offends a high proportion of our students.” Thicke responded on The Today Show to feminist criticism of the song by saying, "If you listen to the lyrics it says 'That man is not your maker.' It's actually a feminist movement in itself". He also said in an interview with the BBC that criticism of the lyrics by a rape charity is 'ridiculous'.

Thicke has said that he would like to do another song with T.I. and Pharrell.

On December 26, 2013, Rob Sheffield wrote for Rolling Stone that "Blurred Lines" was the worst song not just of the year, but of any year.

In December 2013, "Blurred Lines" was nominated for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and Record of the Year at the Grammy Awards.

The video for "Blurred Lines" was the seventh most watched video on VEVO in 2013.

References

2013 songs
Controversies
Funk songs
Plagiarism
Soul songs
Songs about sexuality
R&B songs
Installation art is a style of visual art that uses three-dimensional objects. These artworks are usually meant to change the perception of a space (the way a space is seen). Installation artworks can be permanent or temporary and are shown in museums, galleries or in public spaces.

Some of the earliest installation artworks were Marcel Duchamp's readymade objects. However, the real development started in the 1970s. Today, with the improvement of technology, artists use and mix new medias and may involve sensors too in order to make the visitors interact with the installations.

Gallery

Bibliography
 Bishop, Claire. Installation Art a Critical History. London: Tate, 2005.
 Coulter-Smith, Graham. Deconstructing Installation Art. Online resource
 “Installation.” Oxford English Dictionary. 2006. Oxford English Dictionary Online. 30 January 2006 .
 “Install, v.” Oxford English Dictionary. 2006. Oxford English Dictionary Online. 30 January 2006 .
 Reiss, Julie H. From Margin to Center: The Spaces of Installation Art. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001. 
 Rosenthal, Mark. Understanding Installation Art: From Duchamp to Holzer. Munich: Prestel Verlag, 2003. 
 Suderburg, Erika. Space, Site, Intervention: Situating Installation Art. Minneapolis London: University of Minnesota Press, 2000. 
 Ferriani, Barbara. Ephemeral Monuments: History and Conservation of Installation Art. Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2013. 

Art movements
Joakim Nordström (born February 25, 1992) is a Swedish professional ice hockey centre. He is currently playing for Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played in the NHL for the Chicago Blackhawks and in the Elitserien (SEL) for AIK IF.

Career
He debuted in the SEL on 23 September 2010 in a game against Södertälje SK. He was drafted 90th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. On January 5, 2012, he won the gold medal with Sweden during the 2012 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

On May 29, 2012, he was signed a three-year, entry-level contract with the Blackhawks but remained with AIK for the 2012–13 season.

On March 13, 2015, Nordström was suspended for two games for boarding after hitting Arizona Coyotes defenseman Oliver Ekman-Larsson.

On June 15, 2015, he won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Tampa Bay Lightning in six games.

On September 11, 2015, Nordström was traded along with Kris Versteeg to the Carolina Hurricanes in exchange for a 3rd round draft pick in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft. Nordström and Versteeg were traded because the Blackhawks had to make cap space for Marcus Kruger.

References

Other websites 

1992 births
American Hockey League players
Carolina Hurricanes players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Living people
Stanley Cup champions
Swedish ice hockey players
Swedish Hockey League players
Ice hockey centres
No Matter How I Look at It, It’s You Guys' Fault I’m Not Popular! (私がモテないのはどう考えてもお前らが悪い! Watashi ga Motenai no wa dō Kangaetemo Omaera ga Warui!) commonly called 'WataMote' (ワタモテ), is a manga series written by Nico Tanigawa. It was made into an anime series which is directed by Shin Ōnuma.

Plot
The series follows fifteen-year-old Tomoko Kuroki during her time in high school as she tries to change from an unsociable loner into a popular teenager.

Anime
The anime started broadcasting in Japan on July 8, 2013. The anime is being directed by Shin Ōnuma and is written by Takao Yoshioka. An original video animation episode is expected to be released with the seventh manga volume on October 22, 2014.

References

Other websites
Official website  (manga) 
Official website (anime) 

Anime
2013 television series debuts
2013 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in Japan
Pentatomidae, Greek pente meaning five and tomos meaning  section, is a family of stink bugs. There are about 4,700 species in the family.

In agriculture, many stink bugs and shield bugs are considered pest insects, because they can damage crops, and are not easily killed by pesticides.

References

Other websites

Pentatomidae

Hemiptera
Draco (7th century BC) was the first legislator of the city of Athens in Ancient Greece. He wrote laws that were to be enforced only by a court. This constitution replaced the system of oral law and blood feuding that had governed Athens since the city was founded. Draco's laws were known for being harsh. The word draconian has come to mean unforgiving rules or laws.

Draco established this legal system during the 39th Olympiad, in about 622 or 621 BC. The laws ( - thesmoi) he set formed the first written constitution of Athens. They were displayed in public, so that nobody would be unaware of them. The death penalty was the punishment for most crimes, even minor ones. Plutarch states: "It was a lot for himself, when asked why he had fixed the punishment of death for most offences, answered that he considered these lesser crimes to deserve it, and he had no greater punishment for more important ones."

Not much is known about Draco's life or who he was. The 10th-century Suda text tells a legendary story of his death. He was said to have died on the stage of the theatre in Aegina. In a traditional ancient Greek show of approval, his supporters threw so many hats and pieces of clothing onto his head that he suffocated.

All of Draco's laws, except the law concerning murder, were abolished by Solon in the early 6th century BC.

Related pages 
 Athenian democracy

References 

Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Ancient Greek politicians
People from Athens
The Lunar Society was an important club in the Midlands of 18th century England. It was a dinner club, and a learned society. Its members were industrialists and inventors, natural philosophers (scientists), and other intellectuals. They met regularly in Birmingham and elsewhere from 1765 to 1813. 

The name arose because the society met during the full moon. The extra light made the journey home easier and safer in the absence of street lighting. The members cheerfully referred to themselves as "lunarticks", a pun on lunatics. Venues included Erasmus Darwin's home in Lichfield, Matthew Boulton's home, Soho House, and Great Barr Hall.

It leading members were Matthew Boulton, Erasmus Darwin, Thomas Day, Richard Lovell Edgeworth, Samuel Galton, Jr., James Keir, Joseph Priestley, William Small, Jonathan Stokes, James Watt, Josiah Wedgwood, John Whitehurst and William Withering. Other great men of the day visited, or corresponded with, the Society. It had no formal membership list, and was flexible in its arrangements. Anyone could be invited.

The club was seriously affected by the Priestly Riots of July 1791, which started in Birmingham, and spread. Some of the Society were personally attacked; Priestley's house was burned to the ground. The causes of the riots are not entirely clear, but for sure the rioters were against "freethinkers and dissenters". They were stirred up by being told that the dissenters were in favour of the French Revolution.

References 

 
Birmingham
Matthew Boulton FRS (3 September 1728 – 17 August 1809) was an English manufacturer and the business partner of Scottish engineer James Watt.

In the last quarter of the 18th century, the partnership installed hundreds of Boulton & Watt steam engines. A great advance on the state of the art, they made possible the mechanisation of factories and mills. Boulton applied modern techniques to the minting of coins, striking millions of pieces for Britain and other countries, and supplying the Royal Mint with up-to-date equipment.

Born in  Birmingham in 1728, Boulton was the son of a Birmingham manufacturer of small metal products who died when Boulton was 31. By then Boulton had managed the business for several years, and he expanded it considerably at the Soho Manufactory, built by him near Birmingham.

When Watt's business partner, John Roebuck was unable to pay a debt to Boulton, he accepted Roebuck's share of Watt's patent as settlement. He then successfully lobbied Parliament to extend Watt's patent for an additional 17 years. This enabled the firm to market Watt's steam engine. The firm installed hundreds of Boulton & Watt steam engines in Britain and abroad, initially in mines and then in factories.

Boulton was a key member of the Lunar Society, a group of Midlands men in the arts, sciences, and theology.  Members included Watt, Erasmus Darwin, Josiah Wedgwood and Joseph Priestley.  The Society met each month near the full moon.  Members of the Society developed concepts and techniques in science, agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and transport that laid the groundwork for the Industrial Revolution.

Boulton founded the Soho Mint, which he adapted to steam power.  He sought to improve the poor state of Britain's coinage. After several years of effort obtained a contract in 1797 to produce the first British copper coinage in a quarter century.  His "cartwheel" pieces were well-designed and difficult to counterfeit, and included the first striking of the large copper penny, which continued to be coined until decimalisation in 1971. He retired in 1800, though continuing to run his mint, and died in 1809. His image appears alongside James Watt on the Bank of England's new Series F £50 note.

References 

1728 births
1809 deaths
British engineers
English businesspeople
People from Birmingham
Members of the Lunar Society
English inventors
Fellows of the Royal Society
The Peasants' Revolt was a rebellion of peasants in England, in 1381. It was the biggest rebellion of farmers in medieval England.  

The Peasants’ Revolt is also called Wat Tyler's Rebellion, after Wat Tyler, who was a local leader of the peasants in the rebellion.  It has also been called the Great Rising. 

The causes of the rebellion are unclear today, but there are different candidates:
There was a large epidemic of the Black Death, which lasted from 1347 to 1353. This reduced the number of workers and caused economic problems.
To finance Hundred Years' War, the English crown raised taxes several times within a short period of time.
The central government in London was weak at the time.

Life of peasants 
There were two types of peasants: serfs and free peasants.  

Serfs were tenant farmers who worked without pay for a lord.  In exchange, they got permission to live on the lord’s land.  They also got protection from the knights living on the lord’s manor.  Under feudalism, serfs had many difficulties.  They barely had enough food to live on, and they had few possessions.  They were not slaves, but they were not completely free.  Serfs had less than any of the other social classes in medieval society.

Though they had more freedoms than serfs, life was also difficult for free peasants.  Even though they were "free," they were still controlled by the higher social classes.  They had to pay rent to live "free."  They had to pay for many other things too, like collecting water or getting married.

Most peasants lived in houses which also housed the animals of the village.

Timeline 
 May 30th: The peasants of Essex chase Thomas Bampton out of Fobbing.
 June 1st: The revolt spreads through Essex, Hertfordshire, and Suffolk.
 June 7th: Maidstone and Rochester castles surrender to the revolt.
 June 10th: A new leader, Wat Tyler, appears. The rebels of Kent and Essex march on London to explain their grievances.  However, Wat Tyler has a different plan: to attack London. King Richard II of England is completely surprised, and only has a few hundred troops in London.
 June 13th: The peasants kill many lawyers under the command of Wat Tyler. Most of London is not destroyed. King Richard agrees to meet the rebels at Mile End.
 June 14th: Richard meets with Tyler, and Tyler gives him the peasants’ demands. The king agrees to all of these demands. Meanwhile, a group of peasants goes to the Tower of London and beheads some of their worst enemies. These include Simon Sudbury, Robert Hailes, and John Legge.
 June 15th: Wat Tyler wants to meet with the king again to make more demands.  When they meet, Tyler is killed.  It is not clear what happened to cause Tyler’s death.  King Richard orders his troops to destroy the rebels; they kill over a thousand.

Fifty years later, most of Wat Tyler's demands were put into place by the king.

References

14th century in England
1381
Rebellions in Europe
Leas Cliff Hall is an entertainment and function venue in Folkestone, on the Kent coast of England.

History
The Leas Shelter was built in 1894. In 1924, it was decided that a larger hall was needed. 28 months later, the building was finished. It was opened on 13 July 1927 by Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester.

The opening concert was performed by the Folkestone Municipal Orchestra. One thousand people attended.
It was closed for modernisation and refurbishment on 16 September 1980. It re-opened on 6 May 1981 in the form that it is today.

Kent
Concert halls in England
Dirty rap (also called porn rap or dirty hip hop) is a type of music that mixes rap with sexual content. Some notable artists include Plies, Lil Wayne, Lil' Kim, The Notorious B.I.G. and Ludacris.

Rap music
East Coast hip hop or East Coast rap is a type of hip hop music that comes from the East Coast of the United States It originated in New York. A notable East Coast rapper is 50 Cent.

Related pages
 West Coast hip hop

References

Hip hop genres
Hitachi is a large Japanese manufacturing company. It was created in Tokyo in 1910. Hitachi is involved with small electrical items and large-scale projects, including one of the nuclear reactors at the Fukushima nuclear power plant.

Other websites
Official site

Companies of Japan
Manufacturing
On 21 September 2013, ten gunmen attacked Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya. The attack lasted until 24 September. The attackers held hostages and later fought in gun battles with Kenyan security forces. A total of 72 people were killed, including 61 civilians, 6 Kenyan soldiers and 5 attackers. Over 200 people were injured.

The Islamist group al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for the attack. It said that it was in retaliation for the Kenyan military's role in the Somali Civil War. Newly released intelligence report named Kenyan commander and chief in attack.

References

Al-Shabaab (militant group)
Attacks on buildings and structures in Africa
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 2010s
Attacks on shops

Islamic terrorist incidents in Africa
Islamic terrorist incidents in the 2010s
Mass murder in Africa
Mass murder in the 2010s
Mass shootings in Africa
Mass shootings in the 2010s
Murder in 2013
Nairobi
September events
Terrorist incidents in 2013
Terrorist incidents in Africa in the 2010s
The 59 Eurovision Song Contest was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. The competition went to Denmark, after Emmelie de Forest won the Eurovision Song Contest 2013. The first semifinal took place on 6 May 2014, the second semifinal on 8 May 2014 and, the Grand final was held on 10 May 2014.

Semi-final 1
Spain, France, and Denmark will vote in this semi-final. The top 10 countries will qualify to the final.

1.The song is in English; however, there are some phrases in Latvian.

Semi-final 2 
Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom will vote in this semi-final. The top 10 countries will qualify to the final.

Finalists 

2.The song is in French; however, there is one sentence in English and one sentence in Spanish.

References 

2014 in Europe
2014 in music
2010s in Denmark
21st century in Copenhagen
2014
May 2014 events
An AMBER Alert is a system that warns people about children who have been kidnapped. It started in the United States in 1996. It was named for Amber Hagerman, a nine-year-old girl who was kidnapped and killed in Arlington, Texas. It is a backronym for America's Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response. Similar systems have been started in other countries, including Canada, Mexico, Australia, and Europe.

AMBER alerts are often shown on electronic message signs on highways. This often causes bad traffic due to drivers stopping to look at the message. They are also shown on television and heard on radio.

AMBER alerts are issued by police organizations in the state that the kidnapping happens in. They have the name and a description of the child who was kidnapped, a description of the person who police think kidnapped the child, and if available, a description and license plate number of the vehicle of the person who kidnapped the child.

References

Other websites
 U.S. government AMBER alert site
 Crime Library on Amber Hagerman 

1996 establishments in the United States
Children
Emergency services
Law enforcement techniques
Kidnapping
Aníbal António Cavaco Silva, GCC (born 15 July 1939) served as the 19th President of Portugal. He served from 2006 to 2016. He won the Portuguese presidential election on 22 January 2006 and was re-elected on 23 January 2011, for a second five-year term. Cavaco Silva was sworn in on 9 March 2006.

He was previously Prime Minister of Portugal from 6 November 1985 to 28 October 1995. His tenure of ten years was the longest of any Prime Minister since Salazar, and he was the first Portuguese Prime Minister to have won an absolute parliamentary majority under the current constitutional system (which was established after the country's redemocratization following the Carnation Revolution).

Silva was born on 15 July 1939 in Boliqueime, Portugal. He studied at Technical University of Lisbon and at the University of York. Silva has been married to Maria Cavaco Silva since 1963. They have two children. He lived in Belém Palace.

References

Other websites

1939 births
Living people
Presidents of Portugal
Prime Ministers of Portugal
Roman Catholics
Jalal Talabani (12 November 1933 – 3 October 2017) was a leading Kurdish politician. He served as President of Iraq from 2005 to 2014. He was the first non-Arab president of Iraq, although Abdul Karim Qasim was of partial Kurdish heritage.

Talabani was the founder and secretary general of one of the main Kurdish political parties, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). He was a prominent member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council, which was established following the overthrow of the Saddam Hussein regime by the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Talabani has been an advocate for Kurdish rights and democracy in Iraq for more than 50 years.

Apart from his native Kurdish, Talabani is fluent in Arabic, Persian, and English.  Talabani is a member of the Socialist International.

Talabani was born on 12 November 1933 in Kelkan, Iraq. He studied at the University of Baghdad. He is married to Hero Ibrahim Ahmed. They have one son, Qubad.

On 18 December 2012 Talabani suffered a stroke and was in intensive care in Baghdad where his condition eventually stabilized after reports that he was in a coma. A statement on the President's official website said that he was being treated for blocked arteries. On 20 December, Talabani's condition has improved enough to allow travel to Germany for treatment.

Talabani died of a cerebral hemorrhage as complications from a stroke at a hospital in Berlin on 3 October 2017 at the age of 83.

References

Other websites

 Kurdistan Regional Government 

1933 births
2017 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Germany
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Deaths from stroke
Presidents of Iraq
Kurdish politicians
Prime Ministers of Iraq
The British Darts Organisation is a group that organises darts tournaments for amateurs and professionals.  It is also called BDO. There are 66 member counties in Britain.

The BDO was founded on 7 January 1973 by Olly Croft.  The BDO is a founder member of the World Darts Federation.   The BDO organised the first World Professional Darts Championship in 1978.

Other websites
 

Sports governing bodies in Europe
Organisations based in the United Kingdom
1973 establishments in Europe
Darts
1970s establishments in the United Kingdom
Fishbourne Roman Palace (or Fishbourne Villa) is a huge Roman villa from the 1st century AD, about thirty years after the Roman conquest of Britain. It is near the south coast in the village of Fishbourne, Chichester in West Sussex. It was built on the site of a Roman army supply base built during Claudian invasion in 43 AD. 

The palace is by far the largest known Roman residence north of the Alps. At about 500 feet (150 m) square, it is larger than Buckingham Palace. It is about the size of Nero's Golden House in Rome or the Roman villa at Piazza Armerina in Sicily. In plan it closely mirrors the layout of the emperor Domitian's palace, the Domus Flavia, completed in AD 92 on the Palatine Hill in Rome.

The rectangular palace surrounded formal gardens, the northern half of which have been reconstructed. There were extensive alterations in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, with many of the original black and white mosaics being overlaid with more sophisticated coloured work, including the perfectly preserved dolphin mosaic in the north wing. More alterations were in progress when the palace burnt down in around 270, after which it was abandoned.

One theory is that it was built for Sallustius Lucullus, a Roman governor of Britain of the late 1st century. Two inscriptions recording the presence of Lucullus have been found in nearby Chichester and the dating of the palace to the early AD 90s, would fit. If the palace was designed for Lucullus, then he may have only used it for a few years: the Roman historian Suetonius says Lucullus was executed by the delusional emperor Domitian in or shortly after AD 93.

References

Other websites 
 Official webpage

Buildings and structures in England
Ancient Rome
Archaeological sites in England
Funk Volume is an independent record label and production company. It produces hip hop music. It was founded in 2009 by American rapper Hopsin and Damien "Dame" Ritter. So far Funk Volume has signed artists such as Dizzy Wright, Jarren and Hopsin has realeased 2 albums under Funk Volume.

Funk Volume began in 2009 after Hopsin left Ruthless Records. Before he launched it, he made a mixtape to promote the label.

References

2009 establishments in California
Companies based in Los Angeles
Independent record labels
Samuel Ruben (born Charles Rubenstein, November 5, 1913 – September 28, 1943) was an American scientist who helped us discover more about photosynthesis. With Martin Kamen he co-discovered the synthesis of the isotope carbon-14 in 1940.

1913 births
1943 deaths
Scientists from California
American biochemists
Boxgrove Quarry, once a gravel quarry, is now a Palaeolithic archaeological site. It is at Boxgrove in the English county of West Sussex. It is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

When excavations began in 1983, flint tools 500,000 years old were discovered. At that time this was the oldest evidence of humans discovered in the UK. In 2005 flint tools 700,000 years old were discovered at Pakefield, and in 2010 flint tools at least 800,000 years old were discovered at Happisburgh. However, Boxgrove remains a site of great importance, for many reasons. The tools were found in a largely undisturbed state, in situ in their prehistoric landscape. The tools and evidence of the landscape were buried several metres down.

There were many well-preserved animal bones, many flint artifacts, and hominid bones which are among some of the most ancient found in Europe. Several of the animal bones are the oldest found specimens of their species, such as the wing bone of the Great Auk found at the site in 1989. The combination of bones, stone artifacts, and the geology of the landscape gives a very complete picture of the coastal plain as it existed half a million years ago.

Parts of the site complex were excavated between 1983 and 1996 by a team led by Mark Roberts of the Institute of Archaeology, University College London. The site is in an area that features a buried chalk cliff that overlooked a flat beach (which contained a waterhole) stretching around half a mile (1 km) south to the sea.

Boxgrove Man
In 1994 archaeologists unearthed a lower hominin tibia bone at the Boxgrove quarry site. This partial leg bone is dated to between 478,000 and 524,000 years old. Several  teeth were also found. These remains were assigned to Homo heidelbergensis, an early proto-human species which occupied France and Great Britain. Both were connected by a land bridge at the time.

References 

Archaeological sites in England
West Sussex
Stone Age
Tools
Armide is an opera. The music was written by Jean-Baptiste Lully. The words were written by Philippe Quinault. The story of the opera is based on Jerusalem Delivered by Torquato Tasso. It was first performed February 15, 1686 by the Paris Opéra at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal. It was revived several times in the 18th century. The story is about an enchantress named Armide and her love for a knight named Renaud.

17th-century operas
Tartuffe, or The Imposter () is a play in verse by Molière. It was first performed on May 12, 1664 at Versailles. It is about a religious hypocrite.

Plays by Molière
The Imaginary Invalid is a play by Molière. It was first performed on February 10, 1673 at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris. It is about a man who thinks he is very ill and spends his money on doctors. The play has short ballets with music by Marc-Antoine Charpentier.

Plays by Molière
The Misanthrope, or The Cranky Lover is a play by Molière. It was first performed on June 4, 1666 at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal, Paris. The play is about a man with idealistic but unrealistic values. He always tells the truth. His friends are not pleased with this trait because they think he should tell little white lies to spare others the truth.

Plays by Molière
Dom Juan, or The Feast with a Stone Statue is a play by Molière. It was first performed on February 15, 1660, in the Theatre of the Palais-Royal, Paris. The play is about the legendary libertine, Don Juan. It ends with him going to Hell when he refuses to repent his sins. The play was one of the source materials used by Lorenzo da Ponte and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart when they wrote the opera, Don Giovanni. 

Plays by Molière
The Miser is a play by Molière. It was first performed on September 9, 1668, in the theatre of the Palais-Royal in Paris. The play is based on the Latin comedy Aulularia by Plautus. It is also based on Italian comedies of Molière's times. The play is about the silly situations in the home of a penny-pinching old man. 

Plays by Molière
() is a one-act play by Molière. It was first performed November 18, 1659 at the Théâtre du Petit-Bourbon. It is a satire about the elegant, witty women of Molière's day.

Plays by Molière
The Doctor in Spite of Himself is a play by Molière. It was first performed in 1666. It is about a drunkard who pretends to be a doctor.

Plays by Molière
The School for Wives () is a play by Molière. It was first performed in December 1662 at the Palais Royal theatre.

Other websites
 School for Wives: History and Analysis of the Play

Plays by Molière
The Learned Ladies () is a five-act play by Molière. It was first performed on March 11, 1672 at Théâtre du Palais-Royal. It is a satire written in verse about women's education.

Other websites

"Les Femmes Savantes" Original French Text
"The Learned Women" English translation on Project Gutenberg

Plays by Molière
Le Bourgeois gentilhomme is a comedy ballet by Molière. It was first performed in 1670. It is about a middle class man who aspires to be a member of the upper class. The music was written by Jean-Baptiste Lully.

Plays by Molière
Monsieur de Pourceaugnac is a play by Molière. It was first performed 1669. It is a comedy-ballet. The music was written by Jean-Baptiste Lully. 

Plays by Molière
The history of science is the study of the historical development of science and scientific knowledge. The English word scientist is relatively recent  first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves "natural philosophers".

Science is a body of knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who observe, explain, and predict real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods. 

Facts about the natural world have been described since classical antiquity. Ancient Greece is perhaps most famous for its contributions to astronomy and mathematics. Aristarchus of Samos came up with the idea of the Sun at the centre of what we now call the Solar system many centuries before Galileo.
Others, like Thales and Aristotle were interested in the natural world.

Scientific methods have been used since the Middle Ages (Roger Bacon), but the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Important figures in the development of modern science include Isaac Newton, Johannes Kepler, Robert Boyle, Charles Darwin, Wilhelm Roux and Albert Einstein.

Scientific methods are so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.

The natural sciences are these:
Astronomy
Physics
Chemistry
Geology
Biology
Botany and Zoology
Cell biology
Genetics and evolution

There are various applied sciences which depend on one of more of the natural sciences. Medicine is an example.

Related pages
Innovation
Scientific method
History of astronomy
History of mathematics
Medical Renaissance
Four Great Inventions

References
À ma sœur! (English title For My Sister and Fat Girl) is a melodramatic-erotic 2001 French-Italian movie. The subjects in this movie are sex, obesity and relations. The movie was not rated by the MPAA. It has explicit sexual content and violent material.

2000s romantic drama movies
2001 movies
Oras Oy is a Finnish manufacturer of bathroom and kitchen faucets. It is in Rauma. It was established in 1945. In 2012, there were 920 workers.

Oras is the fourth-largest manufacturer of faucets in Europe. It makes 30–80% of the faucets in Finland.

References

Other websites 
Company's homepage

Companies of Finland
1945 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Finland
A runaway is a child or minor who has left their parents or legal guardians without permission. A person who runs away usually does so because of abuse or dysfunction in the family.

References

Family
Human behavior
Homelessness
Children
Water pollution is the pollution of bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, seas, the oceans, as well as groundwater.  It occurs when pollutants reach these bodies of water, without treatment. Waste from homes, factories and other buildings get into the water bodies and as a result water gets contaminated.

Water pollution is a problem for the species and ecosystems there. It affects plants and organisms living in the water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the wider biological communities. The color is usually green or brown but normal water can be blue.

Agriculture is one of the major sources of water pollution. The fertilizers given to the crops for better growth are washed into rivers and lakes, which in turn pollutes the water.

There are many chemicals that are naturally found in these bodies of water. Today water may be polluted by nitrates, phosphates, oil, acid rain, and debris such as sediment, fallen logs and so on. When people and animals drink water from such rivers, the poisonous chemicals may affect them. Life in rivers are also affected, and  humans who consume fish may also have health problems.

References 

Water pollution
The Treaty of Ghent was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom. It was signed on 24 December 1814 in the Flemish city of Ghent. The treaty restored the borders of the two countries to the line before the beginning of the war.

The treaty was ratified by Parliament on 30 December 1814. It was signed into law by the Prince Regent (the future King George IV).  An American army under Andrew Jackson scored a major victory at the Battle of New Orleans in early January 1815. The Treaty was not in effect until it was ratified by the U.S. Senate (unanimously) in February 1815.

References 

Ghent
1810s in the United Kingdom
1810s in the United States
1814
Ghent
Earl Simmons (December 18, 1970 – April 9, 2021), better known by his stage name DMX or Dark Man X, was an American rapper and actor. He is from Yonkers, New York. He is best known for the songs "Ruff Ryders Anthem" and "Party Up (Up In Here)". He is also the founder and owner of Bloodline Records. He is one of the best-selling hip hop artists ever. He has done 7 albums and was working on his 8th until his death. The albums are Unleashed and Unreleased, It's Dark and Hell Is Hot, Flesh of my Flesh, Blood of my Blood, And Then There Was X, The Grand Champ, The Great Depression, Year of the Dog...Again and his recent one Undisputed.

On April 3, 2021, it was reported that Simmons had suffered a heart attack following a drug overdose and was being treated in the hospital in White Plains, New York. He was placed under life-support. He died six days later on April 9, aged 50.On April 24, a life celebration was held in his honour, that was shown via a YouTube livestream. During the celebration, a monster truck that contained his casket drove through where the mourners were standing.

References

Notes

Other websites

 Official website
 

1970 births
2021 deaths
Actors from New York
African American actors
African American musicians
Rap musicians from New York
Musicians from New York
People from Yonkers, New York
People from Mount Vernon, New York
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Drug-related deaths in the United States
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York
The Copenhagen Zoo is a zoo in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was built by Niels Kjærbølling in 1859. It is one of the oldest zoos in Europe. 1,161,388 people visited the zoo in 2008. It is the most visited zoo in the world, and the fourth most visited place in Denmark. Its Elephant House was built by Norman Foster.

The zoo's observation tower is 43.5 metres (142.7 ft) high. It was built in 1905. It is one of the tallest wooden observation towers in the world. It has a look similar to the Eiffel Tower.

It is the only zoo outside of Australia to have the Tasmanian devil. It also has the  Amur leopard, okapi and muskox.

A healthy young male giraffe, Marius, was killed on 9 February 2014 on the recommendation of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria so that they can save the population of them at the zoo.

References

Other websites

1859 establishments in Europe
Zoos
Buildings and structures in Denmark
Zoo
19th-century establishments in Denmark
Thomas Merton (January 31, 1915 – December 10, 1968) was an American writer and Catholic Trappist monk. He was based in Kentucky. He is known for his books on spirituality and quiet pacifism. He was a member of the Abbey of Our Lady of Gethsemani.

Other websites
Merton center

Monks
1915 births
1968 deaths
Writers from New York City
Rauma is a city in Finland on the southwest coast. It is most famous for the wooden architecture of its old city centre, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Villages

Population growth

References

Other websites

Website

Cities in Finland
South Orange, New Jersey is a place in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is west of Newark, and south of the city of Orange. Around 16,000 people live there.

Seton Hall University is in South Orange.

A notable person from South Orange is actor Kevin Spacey.

Other websites
Official site

Townships in New Jersey
Southern Methodist University is in Dallas, Texas. It is the site of the George W. Bush Presidential Library.

Other websites
Official website

Colleges and universities in Texas
Dallas, Texas
American Athletic Conference
The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa is a zoo in Pretoria, South Africa. It is one of the top ten zoos in the world by acreage (210 acres in 2013), and number of species (705 species in 2013). There are about 9,000 individual animals in the zoo. The zoo is divided by the Apies River.

References
 The Top 10 Largest Zoos in the World

Zoos
Pretoria
Ann Carol Crispin (April 5, 1950 – September 6, 2013) was an American science fiction writer. She wrote twenty-three published books. Her writing career began in 1983. She wrote several books related to Star Trek. Crispin was born in Stamford, Connecticut. She died from cancer in Maryland.

Writers from Connecticut
1950 births
2013 deaths
American science fiction writers
Deaths from cancer
People from Stamford, Connecticut
The Moscow Zoo is a zoo in Moscow, Russia. It is one of the ten largest zoos in the world. It covers  (in 2013). The zoo holds over 6,000 individual animals, of 927 species (in 2013). The zoo opened in 1864. The most recent exhibits include a sea aquarium, an aviary, a sea lion exhibit, and children's attractions. A footbridge connects the two parts of the zoo that are separated by Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Street.

Moscow Zoo Museum  
Founded in 2008 in a two-storey building of the 19th century, built in the late XIX - early XX centuries, located on the territory of the zoo. Since 2015, the museum has been open to the public and everyone. In the central and side halls there is an exposition devoted to the history of the Moscow Zoo and a natural science permanent exposition. The collection of the museum includes more than 10,000 zoo coat of arms from all over the world, hundreds of paintings, sculptures and drawings by the masters of Russian animalistics, such as Vasily Vatagin, Alexei Komarov, Vadim Trofimov, Andrei Marts and Alexei Tsvetkov.

Research & Educational Center  
The Moscow Zoo has her own educational institute. In addition to full-training for zoo staff and teachers, there is a continuing education program for zoo and aquarium staff, veterinarians, teachers and volunteers, as well as courses in zoo psychology. Since the Moscow Zoo has been chairman of all zoos in Russia since the Soviet period, it is a national training center. It was founded in 2017 by the current director Svetlana Akulova and Björn Stenvers.

References

 The Top 10 Largest Zoos in the World

Other websites

Moscow Zoo Academy

Zoos
Buildings and structures in Moscow
The Berlin Zoological Garden is the largest zoo in the world in acreage (84 acres in 2013) and in number of species (1,500 in 2013). It holds the most comprehensive collection of species in the world. There were more than 20,219 individual animals in the zoo in 2017. 

The zoo opened in 1844. It was the first Zoo to be built in Germany. It is located in the southwestern section of the Tiergarten. It was the home of the famous baby polar bear Knut.

Several architects have created the houses for the different species in the zoo.  The Antelope House dates to 1872 and the Elephant House to 1873. The Hippopotamus House dates to 1997. It demonstrates the application of modern zoo concepts to a particular species. The hippos live under a roof of 13,000 square feet of glass solar panel. They can now be seen above and beneath the water.

During World War II, the elephants at the Zoo were killed in the air raids of September 7-8, 1941. Zoo officials also killed animals at the time. In November 1943, more than 1,000 bombs were dropped over the zoo, destroying many buildings and burning to death many animals. As many as 12,000 animals were killed in the Berlin Zoological Garden during the bombings of World War II.

References

Zoos in Germany
Buildings and structures in Berlin
Brookfield Place, originally and commonly known as the World Financial Center is a complex of office buildings in Battery Park City in Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is near the World Trade Center. It is home to the offices of a number of companies such as Merrill Lynch, American Express, Brookfield Office Properties, and others. It was opened in 1988. It was designed by César Pelli.

The complex was very badly damaged in the September 11 attacks. It had to be closed for several months while repairs were being done.

The complex was renamed to "Brookfield Place" in 2013.

Buildings
 One World Financial Center
 Address: 200 Liberty Street
 Height:  577 ft (176 m)
 Floors: 40
 Built: 1986
 Two World Financial Center
 Address: 225 Liberty Street
 Height:  645 ft (197 m)
 Floors: 44
 Built: 1987
 Three World Financial Center
 Address: 200 Vesey Street
 Height: 739 ft (225 m)
 Floors: 51
 Built: 1985
 Four World Financial Center
 Address: 250 Vesey Street
 Height: 500 ft (152 m)
 Floors: 34
 Built: 1986
 Winter Garden Atrium (1988), a 45,000 ft² glass domed building that has a number of plants, trees, and flowers. It also has shopping areas and cafes. It was very badly damaged in the September 11 attacks. It was reopened on September 11, 2002.
 NYMEX building
 Address: 1 North End Avenue
 Height: 253 ft (77 m)
 Floors: 16
 Built: 1997

References

Other websites
Official website 

Buildings and structures in Manhattan
1988 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in New York (state)