cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sea glass and beach glass are pieces of glass worn smooth by waves. Technically, "Sea glass" is glass found on beaches along bodies of salt water. As the glass reaches the shoreline pounding waves and rocks break it into smaller pieces. The sharp edges are worn smooth. Salt water erodes the glass and gives it a frosted appearance. "Beach glass" comes from fresh water. It is found mainly along coastlines and the shores of large lakes. However many feel sea glass and beach glass are the same thing.

Colors 
White, emerald green and brown are the most common colors. They came from jars, plain bottles and beer bottles thrown into the water. Olive green, cobalt blue, aqua and amber are harder to find. They came from medicine bottles, soda bottles and cosmetic jars. The rarest colors are red, orange and yellow. They were originally items such as fine china, streetlamps and even ship lanterns. Many colors are unique to certain periods of history. Small bubbles in the glass help to identify the original glass item.

Locating 
Collectors walk beaches to find sea glass. After plastic became popular for containers it became harder to find sea glass. Sea glass can take from 7 to 10 years to get a frosted appearance. In many places winter seems to be the best time to find sea glass. Experienced sea glass hunters look for periods of low tide to start looking. Beaches that are cleaned of debris regularly won't produce much sea glass. Hunters look for "dirty beaches" that are left alone and have litter.

References 

Glass
Lekhwiya S.C. is a football club which plays in Qatar.

Achievements
Qatargas League
 Winners (1): 2009–10

Qatar Stars League
 Winners (3): 2010–11, 2011–12, 2013–14

Crown Prince Cup
 Winners (1): 2013

References 

Qatari football clubs
Knut Nystedt (3 September 1915 – 8 December 2014) was a Norwegian orchestral and choral composer. He was also a musician and played the Organ. Nystedt was born in Oslo, Norway. Nystedt founded and conducted Det Norske Solistkor from 1950 to 1990. He also founded and conducted Schola Cantorum from 1964 to 1985.

Nystedt died in his sleep at his home in Oslo on 8 December 2014 at the age of 99.

References

Other websites

Knut Nystedt  Carus-Verlag
Jens Staubrand: Kierkegaard International Bibliography Music Works and Plays, Copenhagen 2009. In English and Danish. . Including Knut Nystedt's PRAYERS OF KIERKEGAARD, for mixed chor a capella, the Kierkegaard words are taken from Addresses At Holy Communion On Fridays, The Heathens’ Anxieties and The Journals
Stemmer fra Musikken has sound recordings with Knut Nystedt in Norwegian (NRK).
Norsk Musikforlag

1915 births
2014 deaths
Composers
Musicians from Oslo
Organists
Armageddon (2003) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on December 14, 2003 at TD Waterhouse Centre in Orlando, Florida. It was the fourth Armageddon event held by the WWE.

The pay-per-view was a Raw brand exclusive. The main event saw Triple H win a Triple threat match against Kane and then-champion Goldberg. Triple H won the match and the World Heavyweight Championship after he pinned Goldberg following a chokeslam from Kane. Another main match that was on the undercard was Rob Van Dam defending his WWE Intercontinental Championship against Randy Orton. Orton would end up winning the match and he became the Intercontinental Champion after he pinned Van Dam following an RKO. Another primary match that was on the undercard was Batista facing Shawn Michaels. Michaels would win the match by pinfall after he performed the Sweet Chin Music on Batista.

The professional wrestling part of Canadian Online Explorer claimed that the event was a "flop" and rated the overall event a six out of ten.

Matches

Tag Team Turmoil match

References

Other websites
Official Armageddon 2003 website

2003 in professional wrestling
Sports in Orlando, Florida
WWE Armageddon
2003 in American television
2000s in Orlando, Florida
2003 in Florida
Armageddon (2004) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on December 12, 2004 at Gwinnett Center in Duluth, Georgia. It was the fifth Armageddon event held by the WWE.

The pay-per-view was a SmackDown! brand exclusive. There were 10 matches on the card with all 4 of SmackDown!'s championship were on the line. The main event saw John "Bradshaw" Layfield defeat Booker T, Eddie Guerrero and The Undertaker in a Fatal-Four Way match to retain his WWE Championship. Layfield won by Booker. If anyone interfered on JBL's behalf he would have lost the championship. Another main match on the undercard saw The Big Show defeat Kurt Angle, Mark Jindrak and Luther Reigns in a Handicap match. Big Show was able to win the match after he pinned Jindrak following an F-5. Another primary match on the card saw John Cena defeat Jesús in a Street Fight to retain his WWE United States Championship. Cena won the match by executing an FU to Jesús and pinning him.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Armageddon 2004 website

2004 in American television
2004 in professional wrestling
Sports in Georgia (U.S. state)
WWE Armageddon
2000s in Georgia (U.S. state)
Baseball and Cricket are two similar sports. They are both considered bat-and-ball games and are played by both men and women. But they also have many differences. They have different rules, terms and organization. Their histories are both similar yet different.

Common history? 
Baseball is often thought to have descended from cricket. They both can be traced back to England. They have common terms such as innings, umpires, runs and outs. So the connection seems very logical. Even some baseball historians think cricket is the ancestor of baseball. Both games do have a link, but it is not a parent-child link. It is more on the order of cousins.

Both seem to have been brought to England by people from Flanders, but who settled in different parts of England. There each game developed separately. Cricket came from the southeast of England while baseball was played in western England. Baseball started as a children's game while Cricket was more often played by adults. Both games came to America with English immigrants. By the 1840s cricket had a following along the East Coast, particularly in Philadelphia and New York. About the same time Baseball began being organized into clubs. Up until the American Civil War cricket was more popular. After that war baseball became widely popular. Cricket is still played in places like Philadelphia.

Similarities 
Both are bat and ball games. Both have batsman and bowlers, called batters and pitchers in baseball. Bowlers or pitchers throw the ball to the batsman or batter who hits the ball. Players in the field try to catch the ball. Both games at times use two umpires. Both games involve batters who run between or around things (such as each batsman's ground) to score runs (points), while the fielding team tries to get the ball to those things (bases), or things within the things (wickets), or fielders near them, to stop runs from being scored. Batters can hit the ball out of the field to score runs (home run or six runs). After enough batters are out, both teams change roles, and after enough opportunities for both teams to bat, the team with more runs wins.

Differences 
The bat in cricket is flat while the bat in baseball is round. Cricket has eleven players while baseball has nine. Cricket players hold the bat down, baseball players hold the bat up. The playing fields are different sizes and shapes. The balls, while similar in construction, are slightly different in weight. The leather cover in baseball is white while cricket balls can have a red or white leather cover.

In cricket, when a batter is out, they can't bat again for the rest of their team's inning (turn to bat).

References 

Cricket
Baseball
James Drewry Stewart (March 29, 1941December 3, 2014) was a Canadian mathematician,  violinist, and the professor emeritus of mathematics at McMaster University.

Stewart died in Toronto, Canada from multiple myeloma, aged 73.

References

Other websites
Stewart Calculus Official Biography
The house that math built by Katie Daubs at the Toronto Star

1941 births
2014 deaths
Canadian educators
Canadian musicians
Cancer deaths in Ontario
Deaths from multiple myeloma
Violinists
Canadian mathematicians
Ralph Giordano (March 23, 1923 – December 10, 2014) was a German writer and publicist. He survived the Holocaust and since then he has been writing books about his experiences. For a short-while he was a communist. Giordano was also an activist and critic. Giordano was born in Hamburg, Germany.

Giordano died in Cologne, Germany from complications of a broken hip following a fall, aged 91.

References

1923 births
2014 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
Deaths from fractured hip
German writers
People from Hamburg
Karl Otto Pöhl (1 December 1929 - 9 December 2014) was a German economist. He served as President of the Bundesbank and Chairman of its Central Bank Council from 1980 to 1991. He was born in Hanover, Lower Saxony.

Pöhl died in Zurich, Switzerland, aged 85.

References

Other websites

1929 births
2014 deaths
Bankers
German economists
People from Hanover
Hans Tietmeyer (18 August 1931 - 27 December 2016) was a German economist. He was thought to be one of the best experts on international financial matters. He was president of Deutsche Bundesbank from 1993 until 1999 and remained one of the most important figures in finance of the European Union.

Other websites
 Personal Web site   
 Tietmeyer's page at the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences

1931 births
2016 deaths
Bankers
German economists
People from North Rhine-Westphalia
Helmut Schlesinger (born  September 4, 1924) is a German economist. He is a former President of the Bundesbank.

He was born in Penzberg, Bavaria.

He is a member of the Orders of Merit and of Chivalry of Germany, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Sweden, and Luxembourg.

References

1924 births
Living people
Bankers
German economists
People from Bavaria
Edward Rudolph "Ed" Bradley, Jr. (June 22, 1941 – November 9, 2006) was an American journalist. He was best known for 26 years of award-winning work on the CBS News television program 60 Minutes. Bradley was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Bradley died in New York City from leukemia, aged 65.

References

Other websites

 Ed Bradley Biography at CBS News
 
 
 Interview by John Sears for Communicator, August 2000 
Remembering Ed Bradley - Clarence Page - November 14, 2006
 Ed Bradley: Journalist and Jazzman
 Tribute to Ed Bradley by CNN's Larry King 
 Pulitzer Prize-winning syndicated columnist Clarence Page on Ed Bradley (11/13/2006)
 Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia webpage
 RTDNA Ed Bradley Scholarship

1941 births
2006 deaths
African American writers
American journalists
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from leukemia
American war correspondents
Emmy Award winners
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Departure is the sixth studio album by Journey. The album was released on February 29, 1980. It was the group's last studio album with keyboardist Gregg Rolie.

1980 albums
Ann Carter (June 16, 1936 – January 27, 2014) was a former American child actress. She worked with dozens of movie stars. She played Amy Reed in The Curse of the Cat People. She played Peggy Allen in Child of Divorce.

Carter was born in Syracuse, New York. After acting, she graduated from Occidental College in Los Angeles. Carter taught school in California and in Seattle. She died in North Bend, Washington on January 27, 2014. She had been fighting ovarian cancer for nine years.

References 

American movie actors
American child actors
Actors from New York
1936 births
2014 deaths
Diplomatics is a discipline which is concerned with the analysis of historical documents. The word goes back to diploma, which literally means folded (document). Using the term diplomatics for this science is probably due to a work called De re diplomatica, by Jean Mabilon (1632-1707). Note also, that the term is unrelated to diplomacy. 

The discipline originally evolved as a tool for studying and determining the authenticity of the official charters and diplomas issued by royal and papal chanceries. It was later found that many of the same underlying principles could be applied to other types of official document and legal instrument, to non-official documents such as private letters, and, most recently, to the metadata of electronic records.

Diplomatics is one of the auxiliary sciences of history. It should not be confused (as it often is) with its sister-discipline of palaeography. In fact, its techniques have more in common with those of the literary disciplines of textual criticism and historical criticism.

References

History
Documents
A Dirty Shame is a 2004 satirical sex comedy movie. John Waters directed and wrote it. Tracey Ullman plays Sylvia. Selma Blair plays Caprice/Ursula. Patty Hearst plays Paige.

A Dirty Shame was released with an NC-17 rating by the MPAA. New Line Cinema was the distributor. It received mixed reviews.

Plot
The people of Harford Road (Maryland Route #147) are divided into two camps: puritanical people who hate anything even remotely sexual. There are also the perverts, a group of sexual addicts whose sexual fetishes have been brought to the fore.

A held back Sylvia Stickles finds herself as a puritan. One day, she leaves her promiscuous daughter Caprice locked up over the garage and under house arrest. Sylvia is smacked on the head by a passing car. She meets Ray-Ray Perkins, a local mechanic.

Through a series of bizarre head knockings, everyone in the Harford Area of Baltimore becomes a sex addict. Ray-Ray shoots semen from his head. He becomes the messiah of "Let's Go Sexin'".

Cast

 Tracey Ullman as Sylvia Stickles
 Johnny Knoxville as Ray-Ray Perkins
 Selma Blair as Caprice Stickles/"Ursula Udders"
 Chris Isaak as Vaughn Stickles
 Suzanne Shepherd as Big Ethel
 Mink Stole as Marge The Neuter 
 Patricia Hearst as Paige
 Jackie Hoffman as Dora
 Wes Johnson as Fat Fuck Frank
 Paul DeBoy as Wendell Doggett
 Gaelan Alexander Connell as Horny kid
 Channing Wilroy as Male motorist
 Rosemary Knower as Female motorist
 Alan J. Wendl as Officer Alvin
 James Ransone as Dingy Dave
 David A. Dunham as Mama Bear
 Dave Moretti as Papa Bear
 Jeffrey Auerbach as Baby Bear
 Jewel Orem as Officer Loose Linda
 Jonas Grey as Warren the mailman
 David DeBoy as Dr. Arlington
 Doug Roberts as Driving neuter husband
 Mary Vivian Pearce as Nonjudgmental ex-sex addict
 Jean Hill as Woman at fire escape
 Ty Ford as the taxi cab driver
 Bob Adams as Bus passenger
 George Figgs (uncredited) as Neuter
 Ricki Lake (cameo) as herself
 David Hasselhoff (cameo) as himself

Production
John Waters decided to make the movie when he found several sexual slang terms over the internet.

According to Waters, when he asked MPAA what he would have needed to cut from the movie before he could have it rated R, they said "after a while, we just stopped taking notes." It was simply released into theaters with an NC-17 rating.

It was shot entirely on location in Baltimore on the Harford Road.

Reception
A Dirty Shame got mixed reviews from critics. Some liked or loved its unashamed vulgarity. Others, though, went against it for the same reason. On the Rotten Tomatoes, the approval rating is 53%, based on the reviews of 117 critics. On the Metacritic, the review for the movie is 56 out of 100, which means "mixed or average".

References

2004 comedy movies
2000s sex comedy movies
2000s LGBT movies
English-language movies
2000s satirical movies
American LGBT movies
American sex comedy movies
American satirical movies
Movies set in Baltimore
Movies set in Maryland
Movies directed by John Waters
Lucha Underground (originally called Lucha: Uprising) is an American professional wrestling television series. The show is produced by United Artists Media Group. It airs weekly in English on the El Rey network, and in Spanish on UniMás. The promotion features wrestlers from both the American independent circuit and the Mexican wrestling promotion Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA).

It was announced on January 12, 2014, that AAA would start airing a show on the American network El Rey on the second half of the year and that it would be backed by Mark Burnett. It would feature monthly and quarterly specials and live pay-per-views. On October 29, 2014, the series premiered on El Rey Network. It airs Wednesdays at 8:00 p.m. ET. It premiered in Spanish on November 1, 2014 on UniMás. It airs Saturdays at 4:00 p.m. on UniMás.

Prince Puma was crowned as the first Lucha Underground Champion on October 5, 2014.

Angélico, Ivelisse and Son of Havoc became the first Lucha Underground Trios Champions when they won the Trios Tournament on February 8, 2015.

On September 21, 2015, it was announced that there would be a second season of Lucha Underground.

Champions

References

Other websites
Official website 

American professional wrestling promotions
Sports in California
Companies based in Los Angeles
2010s American television series
2014 American television series debuts
Jože Toporišič (October 11, 1926 – December 9, 2014) was a Slovene linguist. He was the author of the most influential Slovene scientific grammar of the second half of the 20th century. He was a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, and coauthor of the Academy's Slovene Normative Guide (). He was born in Mostec, near Brežice in Slovenia.

Toporišič died in Ljubljana, Slovenia, aged 88.

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1926 births
2014 deaths
Slovenian writers
Educators
Russell Paul Kemmerer (November 1, 1930 – December 8, 2014) was an American professional baseball player. He was a right-handed pitcher. He played for the Boston Red Sox (–), the Washington Senators (–), the Chicago White Sox (–), and the Houston Colt .45s (–) to finish his career.

Kemmerer died in Indianapolis, Indiana, aged 84.

References

1930 births
2014 deaths
Boston Red Sox players
Minnesota Twins players
Chicago White Sox players
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Robert Bigger Oakley (March 12, 1931 – December 10, 2014) is an American diplomat. He was a Foreign Service Officer. He was United States Ambassador to Zaire, Somalia, and Pakistan. In the early 1990s, he was a special envoy during the American involvement in Somalia under the Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George Bush presidencies.

Oakley died in McLean, Virginia from complications from Parkinson's disease, aged 83.

References

Other websites
Adapted from: State Department biography  (public domain)
Mississippi State University: Biography of Robert B. Oakley 
 The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training; Interview of Robert B. Oakley by Charles Kennedy and Thomas Stern; July 7, 1992.

1931 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Ambassadors of the United States
Politicians from Dallas, Texas
New Hartford is a town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 6,970 at the 2010 census.

Towns in Connecticut
Albert Günther FRS, (Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther, also Albert Charles Lewis Gotthilf Günther, 3 October 1830 – 1 February 1914), was a German-born British zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. Günther is currently ranked the second-most productive reptile taxonomist. He described more than 340 reptile species.

He joined the British Museum in 1857, under Richard Owen and John Edward Gray. His first task was to classify 2000 snake specimens. After the death of Gray in 1875, Günther was appointed Keeper of Zoology at the Natural History Museum, a position he held until 1895. 

The major work of his life was the eight-volume Catalogue of Fishes (1859–1870, Ray Society). He also worked on the reptiles and amphibians in the museum collection. In 1864, he founded The Zoological Record and was editor for six years.

References

1830 births
1914 deaths
Ichthyologists
British scientists
German zoologists
"Billy Boys", also titled "The Billy Boys, is a loyalist song from Glasgow, sung to the tune of "Marching Through Georgia." It was first sung in the 1930s as the main song of one of the Glasgow razor gangs led by Billy Fullerton and later became viewed to reflect the long running sectarian divide in the city. It is also commonly used by fans of Rangers football club.

Sources

Songs
Wembley is an area of northwest London. It is a part of the London Borough of Brent. It is famous for Wembley Stadium (first built April 23, 1923) and Wembley Arena (first built 1934). It has recently been renovated with an outlet centre.

London Borough of Brent
Areas of London
Chertsey is a small town in Surrey that is near Addlestone and Staines. It has a very large park.

Towns in Surrey
Wembley Arena is an indoor arena in Wembley, London, England. It is next to Wembley Stadium. The arena was built for the 1934 British Empire Games. Originally, it had a large swimming pool, as reflected by its name at the time, Empire Pool. In 1978, it was renamed Wembley Arena. It became one of the best known indoor music venues in England. It seats 12,000. In April 2006 it was refurbished. It was the main stadium for the 1948 Summer Olympics. Since 1934, Wembley has hosted concerts by the world's most famous artists, spanning many different genres of music.

References 

London Borough of Brent
Entertainment venues
Debenhams is the United Kingdom's largest department store chain. It was formed in 1778. It is a company that has opened shops across the world, first opening in London, England. Debenhams operates nearly 100 retail stores in the UK. It is one of the companies on the FTSE 250 Index. The 2014 Christmas advert was filmed in the Sutton, London shop in August 2014.

References 

1778 establishments
Companies of England
Department stores
1770s establishments in Europe
18th-century establishments in Great Britain
New Cross is a small town in South East London, near Deptford. It is close to Central London, only three minutes away by train.

Deptford is near the old docklands. It has many cobble streets.

London
Regent's Canal is a canal in England. It runs through Camden. It is part of the London Canal Network.

Other websites

Canals
Transport in England
A salient is a battlefield feature that projects into enemy territory. The salient is surrounded by the enemy on three sides. This makes the troops occupying the salient vulnerable to attack. The enemy's line facing a salient is referred to as a re-entrant (an angle pointing inwards). A deep salient is vulnerable to being "pinched out" across the base. If that happens the defenders are then surrounded. This is what happened at the Battle of the Bulge in World War II. 

In fortifications, a salient is a part of the defense structure that sticks outward.

Examples 
 At the Battle of Gettysburg, during the American Civil War, Union General Daniel Sickles moved his III Corps ahead of the main line of the Union army without orders. This caused him to be nearly cut off from the main army when the Confederates attacked. Sickles had held a similar position at Catherine's Furnace in the Battle of Chancellorsville two months earlier. In both cases his corps was badly mauled and had to be rescued by other units.
 At the Battle of Spotsylvania during the American Civil War, Confederate forces constructed a timber-reinforced line of trenches. The trench line bulged forward to protect a piece of high ground. This curve became known as the Mule Shoe Salient. Union troops concentrated their attack on this point. After 22 hours of hand-to-hand fighting they broke through. The Confederates pulled back to a new position.
 In World War I, the British occupied a large salient at Ypres for most of the war. Formed as a result of the First Battle of Ypres, it became one of the most bloody sectors of the Western Front. When anyone in the British infantry spoke of "The Salient", it was understood that they were referring to Ypres.
A similar salient existed around the French city of Verdun. The Battle of Verdun around it cost both sides heavy casualties.
Also in World War I, the Germans occupied a small salient in front of Fromelles. It was called the Sugarloaf due to its distinctive shape. 
In World War II, the Soviet Union occupied a massive  deep salient at Kursk. It became the site of the largest tank battle in history and a decisive battle on the Eastern Front.
In World War II, the German Army launched a surprise attack against advancing Allied forces in the Ardennes. It became commonly known as the Battle of the Bulge (also known as the Ardennes Offensive and the Von Rundstedt Offensive).

References 

Military terminology
Rebecca Mary Lopez (ne'e Quinn) (; born 30 January 1987) is an Irish professional wrestler best known by her current ring name of Becky Lynch. She is currently signed to WWE on its SmackDown brand. She is the current WWE SmackDown Women's Champion. Before joining WWE, she was also known by the ring name Rebecca Knox.

Quin is previously known for her work in France-based professional wrestling promotion Queens of Chaos, where she is a former one-time World Queens of Chaos Champion which she won in 2006. She has also wrestled for England's One Pro Wrestling, Germany's German Stampede Wrestling, and Canada's SuperGirls Wrestling promotion (an offshoot of Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling). In 2006, she wrestled for the Shimmer Women Athletes promotion, and was involved in a matches with Daizee Haze, which also included an well known two out of three falls match.

WWE

NXT (2013–2015) 
On 8 April 2013, it was reported that Quin had signed a two-year developmental contract with the WWE and moved to Florida to start at their developmental territory WWE NXT.

On 29 August, 2013, it was announced that her new ring name would be Becky Lynch. Lynch made her televised debut on the June 26, 2014 episode of NXT and defeated Summer Rae.

On the July 3 episode of NXT, she teamed with Bayley in an losing effort to the BFFs (Charlotte and Sasha Banks) in a tag team match. Lynch would spend the next few months in non-title matches against Charlotte, where she lost three matches against her in a row. On the 23 October episode of NXT, Lynch would turn heel and would align with Sasha Banks by attacking Bayley.

In wrestling 
 Finishing moves
 Bexploder / Bex-plex (Exploder suplex)
 Hard Knox (Leg hook sitout suplex slam)
 Signature moves
 Double springboard leg drop
 Hurricanrana
 Springboard dropkick
 Managers
 Scotty Mac
 Nicknames
 "K-Nox"
 Entrance music
 "U Can't Touch This" by MC Hammer

Championships

 Queens of Chaos
 World Queens of Chaos Championship (1 time)
 SuperGirls Wrestling
 SuperGirls Championship (1 time)
 SuperGirls Championship tournament (2005)

 WWE
 WWE Raw Women's Championship (1 time)
 WWE SmackDown Women's Championship (4 times, current)
 Women's Royal Rumble (2019)

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1987 births
Female professional wrestlers
Irish professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Dublin
WWE wrestlers
The Accused is a 1988 American crime drama movie. It is about a young woman who is gang raped in a bar. Jodie Foster plays Sarah Tobias. Kelly McGillis plays Kathryn Murphy.

Foster won the Academy Award for Best Actress.

This movie got positive reviews from critics. It made a lot of money.

1988 crime movies
1988 drama movies
1980s crime drama movies
1980s legal movies
Academy Award winning movies
American crime drama movies
American legal movies
English-language movies
Movies based on real life events
Rape in movies
Ekushey Padak () is one of the highest civilian awards in Bangladesh. In was introduced in memory of the martyrs of the Language Movement of 1952 (). 

The award consists of 100,000 Taka, an 18 carat gold medal weighing 3 tolas. It also includes a certificate of honour. The medal was designed by the artist Nitun Kundu.
The amount of the cash reward was originally 25 thousand taka, but it was increased to 100 thousand taka. The Ministry of Cultural Affairs manages the Padak.

Prize categories and winners

 Ekushey Padak in Language movement
 Ekushey Padak in Language and literature
 Ekushey Padak in Education and research
 Ekushey Padak in Arts
 Ekushey Padak in Journalism
 Ekushey Padak in Science and technology
 Ekushey Padak in Social welfare

Awards by decade
 Ekushey Padak  Awards (1976–1979)
 Ekushey Padak  Awards (1980–1989)
 Ekushey Padak  Awards (1990–1999)
 Ekushey Padak  Awards (2000–2009)
 Ekushey Padak  Awards (2010–2019)

References

1976 establishments in Asia
1970s establishments in Bangladesh
Where the Heart Is is a 1990 romantic comedy movie. The movie is about a man whose business is to tear down buildings. He is stuck with a building he can't tear down due to its history. He sends his lazy grown children to live there.

Joanna Cassidy plays Jean. Dabney Coleman plays Stewart. Uma Thurman plays Daphne. The movie was released on 1 January 1990.

References

Other websites

1990s romantic comedy movies
1990 movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies directed by John Boorman
Matt Polinsky (born February 24, 1984) is an American retired professional wrestler. He is better known by his ring name Corey Graves. He is currently signed to the WWE and works as a commentator in their developmental territory NXT.

During his career, Polinsky was a one-time NXT Tag Team Champion with Adrian Neville. He is also known for his work on the independent circuit where he competed under the ring name Sterling James Keenan.

WWE

Florida Championship Wrestling and NXT (2011–present) 
On December 11 2014, during the pre-show of NXT Takeover: R Evolution, Graves announced that he was officially retiring from in-ring competition because of his concussion issues. Graves would then announce that he would join the NXT commentary team and that he would start at the beginning at the event. He was given a two-year contract by Triple H, which gives him a shot at becoming a guest commentator for either Raw, SmackDown or pay-per-views.

In wrestling 
Finishing moves
As Corey Graves
Lucky 13 / 13th Step (Inverted figure-four leglock)
As Sterling James Keenan
MK Ultra (Back-to-belly piledriver)

Signature moves
As Corey Graves
Chop block
Single leg Boston crab
As Sterling James Keenan
Dragon suplex
Fireman's carry dropped into a backbreaker
Helter Skelter (Rope hung triangle choke)
STO
Tilt-a-whirl powerbomb

Managers
Leah West

Nicknames
"The Savior of Misbehavior"

Championships
1 Pro Wrestling
1PW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

Absolute Intense Wrestling
AIW Absolute Championship (1 time)

Ballpark Brawl
Natural Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

Far North Wrestling
FNW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

Florida Championship Wrestling
FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Jake Carter)

Funkin' Conservatory
FC Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Chris Cage)

International Wrestling Cartel
IWC Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
IWC Super Indy Championship (1 time)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #118 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2013.

Pro Wrestling Zero1
Zero-One United States Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

Union of Independent Professional wrestlers
UIPW Keystone Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)

WWE NXT
 NXT Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Adrian Neville)

References

Other websites
WWE profile

1984 births
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
WWE people
Licence to Kill is a 1989 adventure movie. The movie is about James Bond being suspended from MI6 as he goes after a drug lord. Timothy Dalton plays James Bond. Priscilla Barnes plays Della. The movie got good reviews from critics. Its worldwide box office gross was $156 million USD. Gladys Knight sings the title song of the movie.

Cast 
 Timothy Dalton as James Bond
 Carey Lowell as Pam Bouvier
 Robert Davi as Franz Sanchez
 Anthony Zerbe as Milton Krest
 Wayne Newton as Joe Butcher
 Pedro Armendariz Jr. as Hector Lopez
 Benicio Del Toro as Dario
 Desmond Llewelyn as Q
 Anthony Starke as Truman-Lodge
 David Hedison as Felix Leiter
 Priscilla Barnes as Della Leiter
 Talisa Soto as Lupe
 Robert Brown as M
 Frank McRae as Sharkey
 Everett McGill as Killifer
 Alejandro Bracho as Perez
 Guy De Saint Cyr as Braun
 Don Stround as Heller
 Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa as Kwang
 Christopher Neame as Fallon
 Caroline Bliss as Miss Moneypenny

References

Other websites
 

1989 action movies
1980s spy movies
American action movies
British movies
Mexican movies
James Bond movies
Movies directed by John Glen
Movies about the illegal drug trade
Ralph Foody (November 13, 1928 – November 21, 1999) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Mobster Johnny in Home Alone and in Home Alone 2: Lost in New York in the black-and-white fictional films Angels with Filthy Souls and Angels with Even Filthier Souls.

Foody died in Lexington, Kentucky from cancer in 1999 at 71.

Other websites
 

1928 births
1999 deaths
Deaths from cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Chicago
Ahmed Mohamed Kathrada (21 August 1929 – 28 March 2017), sometimes known by the nickname "Kathy", was a South African politician and former political prisoner and anti-apartheid activist.

Kathrada's involvement in the anti-apartheid activities of the African National Congress (ANC) led him to his long-term imprisonment following the  Rivonia Trial. He was held at Robben Island and Pollsmoor Prison with Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu.

Following his release in 1990, he was elected to serve as a member of parliament, representing the ANC.

Kathrada died at a medical center in Johannesburg from complications of a blood clot in the brain on 28 March 2017, aged 87.

References

Other websites
 African Activist Archive See a 1970s ANC campaign button "Free South African Political Prisoners - Free Ahmed Kathrada - ANC"
 South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid - Building Democracy Read a brief biography of Ahmed Kathrada from South African History Online
 South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid - Building Democracy Listen to an interview with Ahmed Kathrada and two presentations made by him at Michigan State University in 2006 with comments on the armed struggle, banning, freedom, race, post-apartheid South Africa, and the African National Congress (ANC).

1929 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from blood clot
South African politicians
John Baxter (15 October 1936 – 12 December 2014) was a Scottish footballer. He played as a wing half for Hibernian, Falkirk and Clydebank during the 1950s and 1960s. 

He was capped once by Scotland at under–23 level. He played for Hibs in the 1958 Scottish Cup Final, which Hibs lost 1–0 to Clyde.

Baxter died in December 2014, aged 78.

References

1936 births
2014 deaths
Scottish footballers
Robert Edward "Solly" Solinger (December 23, 1925 – December 10, 2014) was a professional Canadian ice hockey player. he played 99 games in the National Hockey League. Solinger was born in Star City, Saskatchewan. He played for the Toronto Maple Leafs and Detroit Red Wings.

Solinger died in Edmonton, Alberta, aged 88, on December 10, 2014.

References

Other websites

1925 births
2014 deaths
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Toronto Maple Leafs players
American Hockey League players
John Leonard "Jack" Swigert, Jr. (August 30, 1931 – December 27, 1982) was an American test pilot, mechanical engineer, aerospace engineer, United States Air Force pilot, and NASA astronaut, one of the 24 persons who have flown to the Moon. After leaving NASA, he was elected to Congress from Colorado's new 6th district, but died before being sworn in.

Swigert died in Washington, D.C. from respiratory failure caused by nose cancer, aged 51.

References

Other websites

Official NASA biography
Astronautix biography of John L. Swigert, Jr.
Spacefacts biography of John L. Swigert, Jr.
Swigert at Spaceacts 
Swigert at Encyclopedia of Science
About Jack Swigert
Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections
Jack Swigert at the Internet Movie Database
Swigert at International Space Hall of Fame 
John L. "Jack" Swigert, Jr., Award for Space Exploration 
America Space: Jack Swigert

1931 births
1982 deaths
Apollo astronauts
American Roman Catholics
Deaths from respiratory failure
Cancer deaths in Washington, D.C.
Scientists from Denver, Colorado
Politicians from Denver, Colorado
United States representatives from Colorado
US Republican Party politicians
This Is the Army is a 1943 American wartime comedy-musical movie directed by Michael Curtiz. It was produced Hal B. Wallis and Jack L. Warner. It stars George Murphy, Joan Leslie, Ronald Reagan, Alan Hale, Sr., and Rosemary DeCamp. Joe Louis, Irving Berlin, Kate Smith, and Frances Langford appear as themselves. It was released on August 14, 1943.

1943 movies
1940s musical movies
1940s comedy movies
American musical comedy movies
Movies directed by Michael Curtiz
Julia Frances Langford (April 4, 1913 – July 11, 2005) was an American singer and actress. She was popular during the Golden Age of Radio. She also appeared in movies such as in This Is the Army and in Yankee Doodle Dandy. Langford was born in Lakeland, Florida.

Langford died in Jensen Beach, Florida from congestive heart failure, aged 92.

1913 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
American movie actors
American radio actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Florida
Singers from Florida
Jensen Beach is a census-designated place (CDP) in Martin County, Florida, United States. The population was 11,707 at the 2010 census.

Census-designated places in Florida
Bill Bonds (February 23, 1932 – December 13, 2014) was an American television anchor and reporter. He was best known for his work at WXYZ-TV in Detroit, Michigan. Bonds became an Action News anchorman beginning in the early 1970s.

Bonds died at his home in Southfield, Michigan on December 13, 2014, from a heart attack.

References

1932 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American television presenters
People from Detroit, Michigan
Superman: Ultimate Flight is a steel roller coaster designed by Bolliger and Mabillard. It has been installed at three Six Flags theme parks around the United States. These are Six Flags Great Adventure, Six Flags Great America and Six Flags Over Georgia. Another park, Six Flags Discovery Kingdom has a shorter version with a more twisted course.

References 

Six Flags Great Adventure
Roller coasters by name
2002 establishments in the United States
2003 establishments in the United States
Sir Michael Anthony Epstein CBE, FRS FMedSci (born 18 May 1921) is a British virologist of Jewish descent. He is one of the discoverers of the Epstein-Barr virus. 

Epstein was Professor of Pathology, 1968-85 (now Professor Emeritus), and Head of Department, 1968-82 at the University of Bristol.  In 1979 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London and was its Vice-President from 1986 to 1991.

References

Other websites 
 Epstein-Barr virus, Sir Anthony Epstein  FRS

1921 births
Living people
English biologists
English physicians
Fellows of the Royal Society
Jewish British scientists
Scientists from London
British virologists
Zero-point energy is the energy of the vacuum space, the space between the subatomic particles within atoms. There are a few theories about how much energy there is in that space. There is the theory that there is an incredibly small, very near-zero amount, the theory that there is zero energy there, the theory that the amount of energy is indeterminable, and the theory that a cubic centimetre of vacuum has a few levels of magnitude more energy than would be required to create the Big Bang.

If you look at the way physics is going, there are atoms, then there are subatomic particles making up atoms (e.g. electrons, protons, neutrons), then further subatomic particles making up those subatomic particles (e.g. quarks, gluons), and now there is string theory. String theory says that those smallest subatomic particles are made of vibrating strings of energy, and that those strings have practically no actual width whatsoever. So all the matter of the universe could be compressed into an extremely small space, hence the Big Bang theory. If this is the case, the large energy interpretation of zero-point energy seems likely.

The term "zero-point" comes from the cooling of helium to 0 kelvin. Even at fractions below 1 Kelvin, the helium stays fluid with no signs of freezing.

References
 What's the Energy Density of the Vacuum?

Other websites
 Physics: Superfluid helium HD | experiment and explanation.
 Zero-point energy? "Ask the Van" popular science FAQ at University of Illinois.

Energy
Physics
Subatomic particles
Black Christmas (also released as Silent Night, Evil Night, and Stranger in the House) is a 1974 Canadian independent horror movie. It was directed and produced by Bob Clark. Black Christmas was released on October 11, 1974 in Canada, December 20, 1974 in the United States, and on October 12, 1975 in the United Kingdom. The movie is inspired by the urban legend "The Babysitter and the Man Upstairs" and is also based on murders that took place in Quebec around Christmas. The movie is considered to be one of the first slasher movies. There was a remake that was made and released on Christmas of 2006.

The movie gained positive reviews from critics and holds a 63% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

A remake of the same name was released in 2006.

Cast 
 Olivia Hussey as Jess
 Keir Dullea as Peter
 Margot Kidder as Barb
 John Saxon as Lt. Fuller
 Marian Waldman as Mrs. Mac
 Andrea Martin as Phyllis "Phyl"
 James Edmond as Mr. Harrison
 Douglas "Doug" McGrath as Sergeant Nash
 Arthur "Art" Hindle as Chris
 Lynne Griffin as Clare
 Michael Rapport as Patrick
 Leslie "Les" Carlson as Graham
 Martha Gibson as Mrs. Quaife
 John Rutter as Laughing Detective
 Robert Warner as Doctor
 Syd Brown as Farmer
 Jack Van Evera as Search Party
 Les Rubie as Search Party
 Marcia Diamond as Woman
 Pam Barney as Jean
 Robert Hawkins as Wes
 David Clement as Cogan (as Dave Clement)
 Julian Reed as Jennings
 Dave Mann as Cop
 John Stoneham Sr. as Cop (as John Stoneham)
 Danny Gain as Cop
 Tom Foreman as Cop
 John 'Frenchie' Berger as Man on snowmobile (uncredited)
 Bob Clark as Prowler Shadow / Phone Voice (uncredited)
 Nick Mancuso as The Prowler / Phone Voice (uncredited)
 Debi Weldon as Sorority Girl (uncredited)

References

Other websites 

1974 horror movies
Canadian horror movies
Christmas movies
English-language movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Bob Clark
Black Christmas (also abbreviated as Black X-Mas) is a 2006 Canadian-American slasher movie. It was directed by Glen Morgan and was produced by Marty Adelstein, Steve Hoban, Glen Morgan, Dawn Parouse, Victor Solnicki, and James Wong. Black Christmas was released on December 15, 2006 in the United Kingdom and on December 25, 2006 in the United States. The movie is loose remake of the 1974 movie with the same name.

In December 2006, before the movie's premiere, it gained some criticism from religious groups because of its graphic content in a holiday setting, and the distributor's choice to release the movie on Christmas Day in the United States.

The movie gained negative reviews from critics and holds a 14% "rotten" rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Sam Adams of the Los Angeles Times was quoted as saying "Like an ugly tie or a pair of slipper socks, Black Christmas is destined to be forgotten the instant it's unwrapped, gathering dust until the season rolls around again".

Cast 
 Katie Cassidy as Kelli Presley
 Michelle Trachtenberg as Melissa Kitt
 Mary Elizabeth Winstead as Heather Lee-Fitzgerald
 Lacey Chabert as Dana Mathis
 Kristen Cloke as Leigh Colvin
 Andrea Martin as Barbara MacHenry/Mrs. Mac
 Crystal Lowe as Lauren Hannon
 Oliver Hudson as Kyle Autry
 Karin Konoval as Constance Lenz
 Dean Friss as Agnes Lenz
 Christina Crivici as 8-year-old Agnes
 Robert Mann as William Billy Lenz
 Cainan Wiebe as young Billy
 Jessica Harmon as Megan Helms
 Leela Savasta as Clair Crosby
 Kathleen Kole as Eve Agnew
 Howard Siegel as Beauregard Rice
 Peter Wilds as Frank Lenz

References

Other websites 

2006 horror movies
American horror movies
American movie remakes
American teen movies
Canadian horror movies
Christmas movies
English-language movies
Incest in movies
Movies set in Massachusetts
Movies set in the 1970s
Movies set in the 1980s
Movies set in the 1990s
Inside Out is a 2014 American computer animated comedy-drama adventure movie. It was produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures, being the 15th movie in the Pixar series. The movie is directed by one of Pixar's leading talents Pete Docter. The film was shown at the Cannes Film Festival on May 19, 2014 and was released on June 20, 2014.

Plot
Riley Anderson is an 11-year-old girl. She moves from Minnesota to San Francisco with her family. This affects a number of emotions in her head that each control her feelings, thoughts, and memories. The five emotion characters are: Joy, Anger, Disgust, Fear, and Sadness. Each of the characters has power over an island of Riley's life, which represent different parts of her personality. 

After a bad series of events at her first day of school, Joy and Sadness get sucked out of Headquarters, where the 5 emotions work. The rest of the movie consists of the other 3 emotions trying to compensate for Joy's absence but failing to.

Near the end of the movie, after Riley tries running away out of homesickness, Sadness and Joy come back. After every emotion tried discarding Sadness in the past, she stops Riley from going back to Minnesota. Riley then goes back to her new house and cries about missing her old home with her parents, with Joy and Sadness in control. After she finishes crying, a bittersweet yellow and blue memory comes out, made by the both of them. This is Riley's first mixed-emotion memory. This memory makes the emotions realize that Sadness also plays an important role in Riley's life.

Cast

Soundtrack 
 Magic by Pilot
 Smells Like Teen Spirit by Faceplant
 Here Without You by 3 Doors Down
 Californication by Red Hot Chili Peppers
 Show 'Em by Backstreet Boys
 Don't Tell Me by Avril Lavigne
 The Kids from Yesterday by My Chemical Romance
 Lullaby by Nickelback
 Runaways by The Killers
 God's Will by Martina McBride
 Do You Believe in Magic by SWMRS

References

Other websites

 
 

2015 animated movies
2015 comedy-drama movies
2010s fantasy movies
2010s computer-animated movies
Academy Award winning movies
2010s American adventure movies
American animated movies
American comedy-drama movies
American family movies
2010s American fantasy movies
Computer-animated movies
English-language movies
Fantasy comedy movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies about families
Movies composed by Michael Giacchino
Movies set in Minnesota
Movies set in San Francisco
Movies that won the Best Animated Feature Academy Award
Pixar movies