cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
In music a rondo is a piece of music which has one main theme, which is heard several times, and other musical ideas in between each time.  If we give the main theme a label "A" and the other musical ideas "B", "C", "D" etc. then the form of a rondo can be described as ABACADA.  The sections in between the main "A" section are called "episodes".  Rondos can vary in length, e.g. a rondo might be ABACADAEAFA.  Each episode is normally in a different key from the main key.

The word "rondo" is sometimes given the French spelling: rondeau.

Composers from the Baroque period onwards often write movements which are in rondo form.  In the Classical music period the last movement of a symphony or sonata is very often a rondo.  Rondos are normally fast and lively.  They are a good way of finishing a long piece of music with something that is happy.

The word "rondo" is related to the word "ritornello" meaning: something that keeps returning.

Rondo form is sometimes combined with sonata form to make something which is called "sonata rondo form".  In sonata rondo form the second tune is treated like the second subject in sonata form where it comes back in the main key the second time.

Musical forms
A military engineer uses his skills in construction to build many different structures for warfare. These different structures can be made for either offense or defense. Other jobs include building and taking apart minefields and bridges. In some cases an engineer may have to destroy something that he has built before.  This may be to stop the enemy soldiers following them across the river for example. In many armies the military engineers are also called pioneers or sappers.

Today a military engineer that operates during battle is called a combat engineer.

Perhaps the first people who had a special force of military engineering specialists were the Roman army.  Roman military engineering was very good in its time.  They were able to build a double-wall of fortifications that was thirty miles (50 km) long in total (both walls together) to besiege a city in Gaul, in just six weeks

The design, construction, and destroying of the works shown would be the task of a military engineer.

Related pages
 Fortification

Engineering disciplines
War
A spinet is a small kind of harpsichord. In Renaissance and Baroque times, and even later, people often had a spinet in their homes. The advantage of a spinet was that it was cheaper than a harpsichord and it also took up less room.

Sometimes the word used to be spelt differently, e.g. "spinnet" or "spinnit".

The spinet is different from a harpsichord because of the angle of the strings which run at an angle to the right. The whole instrument is a bit like a triangle in shape. The strings are arranged in pairs and the jacks (the quills which pluck the strings) are also in pairs in the wider gaps, plucking the string next to them.

Harpsichords may have several sounds (in the same way that an organ has several stops making different sounds. This is not possible on a spinet, which has one sound only. It is always an 8-foot sound (the notes sound at the normal pitch, never an octave higher). Spinets were useful for accompanying.

Other websites

Keyboard instruments
Early musical instruments
Plucked string instruments
United Artists is a Hollywood movie company. The original company was created in 1919 by actors by D. W. Griffith, Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, and Douglas Fairbanks. This group did not want to depend on commercial studios.

Ownership

In 1967, United Artists was bought by Transamerica Corporation. In 1981, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and United Artists merged to form MGM/UA Entertainment Co.. In 1985, Turner Broadcasting System announced it would buy MGM/UA. Then in 1986, MGM split from Turner (while keeping MGM's library of pre-May 1986 films, television and cartoons to make way for Turner Entertainment Co.) and renamed to MGM/UA Communications Co.. In 1990, MGM/UA was bought out by Pathé and renamed to MGM-Pathé Communications. In 1992, MGM-Pathé was bought by Crédit Lyonnais and reverted to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1997, MGM was sold to Tracinda Corporation. In 2005, MGM/UA formed the new company MGM Holdings.

The current United Artists formed in November 2006. It was a partnership between producer/actor Tom Cruise and his production partner, Paula Wagner, and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. from 2012 to 2015. It is a fully owned subsidiary of MGM. In 2015 it was owned by DHX Media until sold back to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, while handling UA's movies from 1952 to 2016. However, MGM decided to purchase United Artists back from DHX. They sold UA's stake to Amblin Partners in 2017, with newer movies produced by UA, under a partnership between MGM and Amblin.

United Artists Records
United Artists Records was a record label founded by Max E. Youngstein in 1957. It was started in order to distribute records of its movie soundtracks. Later the label began recording music of other types.

References

Movie studios
Companies based in California
1919 establishments in the United States
Time Warner
Apostle and The Apostles can mean:

Religion
 The Twelve Apostles, the 12 followers of Jesus given "the Great Commission".
 The Seventy Apostles, the 70 sent forth in Luke 10. They are referred to as Apostles by the Orthodox Church and as Disciples in the Western tradition. 
 Jesus is referred to as an apostle in Hebrews 3:1
 Apostle (Latter Day Saints), a position within the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
 Muḥammad, as "رسول الله" "Rasūlullāh" (Muḥammad's primary title and a part of the Shahādah) can be translated as "The Apostle of God"

Entertainment
 The Apostle, a 1997 movie directed by and starring Robert Duvall
 El Apóstol, the world's oldest animated feature movie, 1917, Argentina
 The Apostles (band), a punk rock group from the 1980s
 The Apostles (Elgar), a 1903 choral work by Edward Elgar
 Apostle (production company), a television production company founded in 1994 by Jim Serpico and Denis Leary
 12 Apostles (record label), a record label
 The Apostles (Greatest Heroes and Legends of the Bible), an installment of the Christian direct-to-video animated movie series, Greatest Heroes and Legends of the Bible

Other
 Cambridge Apostles, a secret society at the University of Cambridge
 Apostle Plant, the genus Neomarica of plants believed to only flower after growing 12 leaves
 Twelve Apostles (Irish counter-intelligence organisation), an Irish Republican Army unit created by Michael Collins
The European/South American Cup, commonly called the Intercontinental Cup or Toyota Cup, was a football competition by UEFA and CONMEBOL. The competition was between the winners of the European Champions League and the South American Copa Libertadores in a match played each year.

The Cup was called the World Club Championship until the first FIFA Club World Cup was held in 2000. It was played by representatives clubs of most developed continents in the football world.

From 2005, the Intercontinental Cup was replaced by the FIFA Club World Cup. The FIFA Club World Cup also includes North American, Asian, African and Oceanian winners. 
In 2017 FIFA officially recognized all of them as club world champions (de jure) with the same status to the FIFA Club World Cup winners or official world champions FIFA. In synthesis FIFA has two types of world champions, those deriving from the Intercontinental Cup and those deriving from the Club World Cup, the two competitions confer the same title. The football experts agree that the intercontinental cup is the most fascinating football competition ever existed thanks to the great balance in the field given by the lower economic gap of the time and rules on foreign players who gradually favored the European teams and weakened the South American teams; also the statistics confirm this.

List Champions 
See also: Clubs of football world champions

Since 2005: FIFA Club World Cup

Related pages
FIFA Club World Championship
Copa Toyota Libertadores
UEFA Champions League 
Clubs of football world champions

References

Other websites 
International Clubs Cup - The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
http://www.fifa.com/

Football competitions
UEFA
CONMEBOL
FIFA
2000 establishments
Hafizullah Amin (, August 1, 1929 – December 27, 1979) was the second President of Afghanistan. He was president during the time of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.  The Soviets got information from their KGB spies that Amin's rule was a threat to the stability of Afghanistan. They also were not certain about Amin’s loyalty to the Soviet Union. The Soviets found some information about Amin's trying to become closer to Pakistan and China. The Soviets also believed that Amin was behind the death of president Nur Muhammad Taraki. Finally, the Soviets decided to remove Amin.

References

1929 births
1979 deaths
Assassinated people
Presidents of Afghanistan
Prime Ministers of Afghanistan
Paraíba is one of the states of Brazil. It is in the northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic coast. It is the easternmost point of the Americas. João Pessoa is the capital city.

Major Cities 
 João Pessoa, state capital
 Campina Grande
 Areia
 Guarabira
 Patos
 Sousa
 Arara
Sao de Carnao

History 
In the mid-1500s, Portuguese settlers from Pernambuco founded Filipéia de Nossa Senhora das Neves (today João Pessoa) at the mouth of the Paraíba do Norte River.

The area was found to be perfect for making sugar. The French, the Dutch and the Portuguese all fought to have the Paraíba region to grow sugarcane in. The fortress of Santa Catarina, near João Pessoa, was built to protect the city from the Dutch.

In late 1989 a team looking for gemstone and led by Heitor Dimas Barbosa found what some people believe are the best tourmaline crystals ever found. Copper in the crystals gives the tourmalines a bright turquoise color that had never been seen before in the gems. The mountains have been searched after this, but no more crystals have been found.

Flag 
The word nego is Portuguese for "I deny". It refers to protests in the 1920s in Paraíba against Júlio Prestes becoming the President of Brazil. State president João Pessoa supported these protests. João Pessoa joined the alliance to the overthrow of the federal government. This group caused Getúlio Vargas to become president. The rebellion lead to João Pessoa being killed.

The official government site of the state of Paraíba says that the red is for the blood of the assassination of João Pessoa. The black is for the mourning after the assassination.

References

Other websites 
 

 
16th-century establishments in Brazil
States of Brazil
Mato Grosso do Sul is one of the states of Brazil. It shares borders with the states of Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Paraná. It also borders the countries of Paraguay and Bolivia to the west. Campo Grande is the capital of the state

Mato Grosso do Sul means "Southern Thick Forest". The name comes from its northern neighbour state of Mato Grosso. Mato Grosso do Sul was a part of Mato Grosso until they were split in the 1970s. Many people wrongly refer to Mato Grosso do Sul as simply "Mato Grosso". This has caused the government to consider changing its name to "Pantanal", the world's largest wetlands which is in the state.

Economy 
Mato Grosso do Sul's economy is based mainly on farm products. Cattle-raising is the most important product of the state. Other products include sugarcane, wheat, soybeans, manioc, rice and cotton.

Geography 
The state is located in western Brazil, in an area of the country that is mostly marshes of the Pantanal.

Mato Grosso do Sul is divided into 11 regions. It has 78 municipalities. Larger cities include:
 Campo Grande, the capital of the state.
 Corumbá
 Aquidauana
 Três Lagoas
 Naviraí
 Nova Andradina
 Paranaíba
 Dourados
 Ponta Porã
 Bonito

The highest elevation is the 1,065 m high Morro Grande.

History 
In 1977 the state was created by dividing the state of Mato Grosso. It officially became a state two years later on January 1, 1979.

Flag 
Mato Grosso do Sul's flag was made by Mauro Michael Munhoz. White is for hope, green is for the state's plantlife, blue is for the sky and the yellow star adds balance, force and serenity.

References

Other websites 
  

 
States of Brazil
A swimming pool is a tank or large basin that is filled with water and intended for recreational or competitive swimming or diving. Pools are also used for other bathing activities, such as playing, wading, water exercising, floating on inner tubes, or cooling off on hot days. 

Various methods are used to keep algae, germs, and other bad things out of the pool.  The chemical chlorine kills germs and algae.  Sometimes sea water is also used for this.  The filtration system is also used for this.  Pump and Filter are two main components of a swimming pool filtration system.

Types of pools
Some pools are indoor so they can be used when weather is bad.  Most are outdoor.  There are different types of swimming pools.  

The competition pool. Swimming competitions can be held there. Competition pools are usually very large, and usually either 25 or 50 m long and their deep end is 2 to 5 m deep. They have usually 4 to 8 lanes. 

A play pool is made for children, and quite shallow, typically no deeper than five feet (1.5m).  Play pools can have a decorative shape. 

A freeform pool is built generally to imitate a natural lagoon pool or small oasis.  It will have a natural uneven shape, and will often have features around it like rocks and waterfalls to compliment the naturalistic style.

A geometric pool has even lines and features. Usually built in a rectangular shape, this pool is considered the “traditional swimming pool” style.

Lap pools are built so that people can swim laps for health and fitness.  They tend to be long and narrow, usually over fifty feet (15m) long.

Diving pools are built deep; most are 3 to 6 m deep with a diving board or a platform, or a jump tower.  The Olympic diving tower has platforms at 1 m, 3 m, 5 m and 10 m height.

Infinity swimming pools (also referred to as infinity edge swimming pools, or negative edge pools) give the illusion that the edge of the pool extends to the horizon. This gives an optical illusion that the pool “has no edge”, and looks as if the pool goes on to infinity.

The spool: The word "spool" is a combination of the two words spa and pool. The spool is a smaller pool, more commonly seen as a large spa. Spools are often around 12 to 14 feet squared. 

The perimeter overflow pool: This pool is created by having the pool surface’s water level at the same level as the surround of the pool. The water of the pool drains into a notched perimeter around the pool.

Water
Leisure
Daniel Robert "Danny" Elfman (May 29, 1953) is an American composer and singer-songwriter. He is Jewish (of British Jewish, Polish Jewish and Russian Jewish descent). He wrote music for many movies and television series. In 2003, he married actress Bridget Fonda. They have one child, Oliver Elfman (born January 21, 2005).

Some of his music
Elfmans has written music for dozens of movies, for video games and for me. Some of his famous works include:

Filmography
The Simpsons
Sesame Street 
The Muppet Show
Space Jam 2: A New Legacy
Men in Black 
Batman Returns
Good Will Hunting
Spider-Man
Dick Tracy
Beetlejuice
Sommersby
Batman
Corpse Bride
The Nightmare Before Christmas
Edward Scissorhands
Pee-Wee's Big Adventure
Sleepy Hollow
Big Fish
Frankenweenie
Justice League
The Grinch (movie)

Awards
Elfman has been nominated for many awards in the music and movie business.
Academy Awards - 4 nominations
Emmy Awards - 3 nominations
Winner: Main Title Theme Music - Desperate Housewives
Golden Globes - 3 nominations
Grammy Awards - 12 nominations
Winner: Best Instrumental Composition: The Simpsons theme from The Simpsons

References

Other websites 

An overview of Elfman's career

1953 births
Living people
Singer-songwriters from California
Singers from Los Angeles
American composers
Grammy Award winners
Emmy Award winners
Musicians from Los Angeles
The bush is a phrase used to describe land where people do not live, land a long way from cities, or forests. The word is mainly used in Australia, New Zealand, Africa, Canada, and Alaska.

Australia 
In Australia, the phrase, the bush, has a special symbolic meaning in Australian life. When used to describe the land, the bush means a wooded area, but not dense forest. It is usually dry and nitrogen-poor soil, mostly grassless, with thin to thick woody shrubs and bushes, with some eucalypt trees.

When talking about people, the bush means any unpopulated areas outside of the major metropolitan areas. This can include mining and farming areas. It is not unusual to have a mining town in the desert, such as Port Hedland, Western Australia (Pop. 14,000) called the bush in the media.

The word bush is also added to any number of other words, things or activities to describe their rural, country or folk nature, e.g. "Bush Cricket", "Bush Music", etc.

References

Biomes
Geography of Alaska
Geography of Australia
Geography of Canada
Geography of New Zealand
Fremantle is a port city in Western Australia.  It is the main city on the ocean and is near Perth.  The city has a population of 26,000 people.  It is at the place where the Swan River runs into the Indian Ocean.

It was established by English people who arrived there in 1829 and established the Swan River Colony.  The city is named after Charles Fremantle who was the captain of the first ship to arrive there.

Cities in Western Australia
Perth, Western Australia
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows is the seventh and last book in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. The book was released worldwide on 21 July 2007. It became the fastest-selling book ever, with 8.3 million copies sold in the United States during the first 24 hours.

This book is about Harry Potter, the main character of the book series, going on a journey to destroy horcruxes made by the villain of the series, Voldemort.

The movie was to be released in 2010, but on 8 March 2008, it was announced that the movie will be split into two parts; part one was released on 19 November 2010 and part two was released on 15 July 2011.

In Harry potter and the Deathly hallows, Harry and Hermione visit Lily and James Potter's graves. Ron has left Harry and Hermione for a while. At the end Voldemort is finally dead once and for all. Nineteen years later Harry marries Ginny Weasley and Hermione marries Ron Weasley. They all live happily, knowing nothing can harm them now.

Other websites 
 J.K. Rowling's Official Website
 Deathly Hallows rumors refuted by J K Rowling (text version) 

2007 books
Harry Potter books
Boiling is the phase change that occurs when a liquid becomes gas throughout the substance. When bubbles are formed you can tell a substance is boiling. This is not to be confused with evaporation.

The temperature at which boiling happens is called the boiling point and depends on the particular nature of the substance.

For example, water boils at around 100 °C (Celsius degrees). When water is boiling, it transforms into a vapor called water vapor.

Uses for boiling 
 Food can be cooked by boiling.
 Germs in a liquid (for example, water) can be killed by boiling the liquid.
 Germs on an object can be killed by putting the object in boiling liquid.

Related pages
 Evaporation

Cooking methods
Chemical processes
Heat transfer
Gases
Dirk Werner Nowitzki (born June 19, 1978 in Würzburg, Germany; pronounced durk VER-ner nah-VIT-skee) is a former German basketball player. He played for the Dallas Mavericks in the United States' National Basketball Association's (NBA).

Nowitzki started playing in the NBA in 1998. He is only the second player who was born in Germany to play in the  Finals. 

He is a 12-time NBA All Star. Nowitkzi won the 2006-07 NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award. The Mavericks, led by Nowitzki, defeated the Miami Heat 4-2 in the 2011 NBA Finals. In addition to performing very well in general in the Finals, his 101-degree fever in Game 4 didn't stop him from scoring the winning basket to tie the series 2-2. This amazing feat is a lot like when Michael Jordan played well despite the flu in the 1997 Finals against the Utah Jazz.
Dirk's jersey number is 41.

Other websites

The Dirk Nowitzki Foundation
Dirk Nowitzki at fiba.com

1978 births
Dallas Mavericks players
German basketball players
Living people
People from Würzburg
Sportspeople from Bavaria
Ochsenfurt  () is a town in Würzburg, in Bavaria, Germany. Ochsenfurt is on the left edge of the River Main. This makes it the largest town in the Würzburg district.

Geography

Place
The town is on the left edge of the River Main,  south of Würzburg.

Subdivision
The districts of Ochsenfurt are: Darstadt, Erlach, Goßmannsdorf, Hohestadt, Hopferstadt, Kleinochsenfurt, Tückelhausen, and Zeubelried.

Town twinning
Ochsenfurt is twinned with:

Gallery

Bibliography
 Die Kunstdenkmäler von Unterfranken, Bd. 1: Bezirksamt Ochsenfurt. 2nd edition 1983.

References

Other websites

 Official town website (German)
 Website of the Diocese of Würzburg: the Carthusian Museum 

Würzburg (district)
Haflinger is an all-round breed of horse. It is a mountain horse but today people use it for spare time. A Haflinger counts as a pony breed of horse. The first cloned horse, Prometea is of this breed. A Haflinger has a gallant dry head with big eyes, wide-dilating nostrils, and small, attentive ears. People who raise this breed want them to have a good muscled body and a smart neck.

References

Other websites

 Tyrolean Haflinger Breeding Association
 American Haflinger Registry
 Haflinger Society of Great Britain
 Canadian Haflinger Association
 Australian Haflinger Horse Breeders Association
 Haflinger Horse Association New Zealand
 Collaboration of Haflinger Breeders and Holders of Germany (AGH) 

Horse breeds
Kevin Kuranyi (born 2 March 1982 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a German football player. He used to play for the German national team, but was excluded in October 2008 due to improper behaviour. His team is Dynamo Moscow. Before playing for Moscow, he played for Stuttgart and Schalke.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Stuttgart||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||5||1||1||1||0||0||6||2
|-
|2002/03||32||15||2||2||8||4||42||21
|-
|2003/04||33||11||3||1||8||3||44||15
|-
|2004/05||29||13||4||2||5||3||38||100
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="5"|Schalke||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||30||10||4||1||12||3||46||14
|-
|2006/07||34||15||2||2||2||0||38||17
|-
|2007/08||32||15||4||2||8||3||44||20
|-
|2008/09||33||13||2||1||4||1||39||15
|-
|2009/10||33||18||||||||||33||18

|-
|2010||Dynamo Moscow||Premier League||||||||||||||||
261||111||22||12||47||17||330||140
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
261||111||22||12||47||17||330||140
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2003||7||1
|-
|2004||13||10
|-
|2005||15||3
|-
|2006||0||0
|-
|2007||9||5
|-
|2008||8||0
|-
!Total||52||19
|}

References 

1982 births
Living people
German footballers
Footballers from Rio de Janeiro
Kickers Wurzburg is one of the most traditional football clubs in Franconia. It was founded in 1907.

Famous Footballers of FC Wurzburger Kickers:
 Bernd Hollerbach, Trainer VfB Lübeck
 Claus Reitmaier, formerly goal keeper of the VfL Wolfsburg
 Peter Sippel, FIFA-Arbitrator

Honours

League
 Bayernliga (III)
 Champions: 1977
 3. Liga (III)
 Third: 2015–16 (Promoted after play-off)
 Bayernliga-North (III)
 Runners-up (2): 1955, 1960
 Regionalliga Bayern (IV)
 Champions: 2014–15
 Landesliga Bayern-Nord (IV-V)
 Champions (3): 1990, 1997, 2012
 Runners-up: 2008
 Bezirksoberliga Unterfranken (VI)
 Champions: 2005
 Bezirksliga Unterfranken (VII)
 Champions: 2004

German football clubs
Sport in Bavaria
Würzburg
Chico is a big city in the Central Valley of the American state of California. It is in the northern part of the state. Chico is in the Sacramento Valley close to the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range. The city has a population of 79,091. People first started living in Chico in 1843. The city was founded in 1860 and started to govern itself in 1872.

Sister cities 
 – Tamsui, Taipei, Taiwan 1985
 – Pascagoula, Mississippi (U.S.) 2005

References

Other websites 

Downtown Chico Business Association
Chico Chamber of Commerce
City-data.com info on Chico

Cities in California
Cities in the Central Valley of California
1860 establishments in the United States
Settlements in Butte County, California
1860s establishments in California
Falun Gong (also known as Falun Dafa) is a spiritual discipline from China with exercises similar to Tai chi chuan. It was founded by Li Hongzhi in 1992. People who follow Falun Gong do five exercises and read books written by Li Hongzhi, the movement's founder. They believe in "Truthfulness, Compassion and Forbearance", and they also believe that the Falun Gong exercises can make them healthy, and make them better people. In 1999, after a big Falun Gong gathering in front of a Chinese government building, the Communist Party of China said: people cannot practice Falun Gong, it is "illegal". 

The police started arresting Falun Gong followers, and according to human rights organizations, over 3000 people have been jailed and tortured to death. The Chinese government claimed that Falun Gong spread superstitions, while others have suggest that Falun Gong's popularity challenges the rule of the Chinese Communist Party. Many people and organizations outside of China have called for the Chinese government to stop jailing and killing Falun Gong people.

It is not known how many people practice Falun Gong. The Chinese government suggests there were 70 million practitioners in China in 1998. A Falun Gong website claims there are 100 million practitioners in more than 80 countries.

Reporter Ethan Gutmann said about 65,000 Falun Gong people were killed for their body parts from 2000 to 2008.

References

Other websites
 Falun Dafa Website

Religion in China
New religious movements
Deflation means that generally the prices of products are going down. It is the opposite of inflation. It is said, that deflation happens when there is less money than there are goods. It is also said that deflation is a sign of a weak state of that country's economy, because deflation usually happens during an economic collapse. Deflation is thought to be even worse than inflation.

Deflation starts when people are waiting for prices to go down even more. They will then spend less money. Because of that, companies can not afford to keep up the amount of goods that are made, and have to lower that amount, as well as fire workers to make even a small profit.

Even if an economy is growing, there can be some amount of deflation - if the amount of money going around grows slower than the making of goods. There has not been much deflation in the world since the 1930s, except in Japan.

Deflation can be helped by the country's own government by lowering the companies' tax levels, so they can lower their prices while getting the same profit. This way normal people are more encouraged to buy the cheap goods they were waiting for, and slowly the companies can make more profit. Governments do not like deflation, because it means that they can collect less tax.

Inflation
A chemical symbol is the shortform of the name of an element. Usually, it is made up of one or two letters, but sometimes it is made up of three letters. For example, the chemical symbol for oxygen is O. The chemical symbol for calcium is Ca. Until it is discovered and scientists decide what it will be called, the chemical symbol for ununennium will be Uue.

The chemical symbols are listed with the elements in the periodic table. Chemical symbols are also used when writing chemical formulas. For example, the chemical formula for water is H2O, meaning that it contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Chemistry
The Heteroptera is a group of about 40,000 species of insects in the Hemiptera. They are typical bugs. 

"Heteroptera" is Greek for "different wings": most species have front wings with both membranous and hardened portions (called hemelytra.

The name "Heteroptera" is used in two different ways in modern classifications. In Linnean nomenclature it is a suborder of the order Hemiptera.  In cladistics it is an unranked clade in the Hemiptera clade.

Selected families of Heteroptera 
 Assassin bugs 
 Broad-headed bugs
 Bedbugs and flower bugs 
 Plant bugs 
 Leaf-footed bugs, squash bugs and sweetpotato bugs 
 Seed bugs 
 Stink bugs or shield bugs and related families)

Heteropteran anatomy 

A: head; B: thorax; C: abdomen.
1: claws; 2: tarsus; 3: tibia; 4: femur; 8: compound eye; 9: antenna; 10: clypeus; 23: laterotergites; 25: pronotum; 26: scutellum; 27: clavus; 28: corium; 29: embolium; 30: membrane.

Waterbugs 
"Waterbug" is a common name for various aquatic insects.

Selected families of water bugs 
 Backswimmers (Notonectidae)
 Giant water bugs (Belostomatidae)
 Water scorpions (Nepidae)
 Water boatmen (Corixidae)
 Pond skaters (Gerridae)
 Smaller water strider (Veliidae)

References 

Hemiptera
The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind, or just Morrowind, is a video game released in 2002. In it, players take on the role of a character which they create, and use it to wander around in a big and diverse world. There is a storyline, but players do not have to follow it, instead doing the side-quests that are included with the game. Morrowind was released on the PC and the Xbox.You can also get game of the year edition and get Morrowind, Bloodmoon, and Tribunal expansion packs. You can go to the official website for help and guides.

References

The Elder Scrolls
2002 video games
A video game developer is a person or company who makes games on computers and other game systems. Some developers make games for only one or two types of game systems, others might even make one kind of game. Some games are only for one system. Developers might try and make a copy of such a game to another, different system. Some translate games from one language to another.

Video game developers work in development companies. There are over 1,000 development companies today. A big part of that thousand is very small companies, that usually only have one or two workers - these kind of small companies make games for the Internet or mobile phones. Some development companies are big, too. They have buildings in many places and hundreds of workers.

Types of developers
There are three types of video game developers.

Third-party developer
Third-party developers are video game developers that make deals with big publishers to make one game at a time. The developers are not part of the company: when the game is complete, the developers do not have to make another game for the publisher if they do not want to. Publishers will tell them exactly what they want third-party developers to do, and the developers do not have very much power to do something else.

In-house developers
In-house developers work directly with the publisher. They have more freedom in the making of the game than third-party developers have. Sometimes publishers buy third-party developers, and so they become in-house developers: workers for the publisher. This is an easy way for the publisher because the developers are workers for the publisher and so the publisher has more control.

Independent developers
Independent developers are usually small groups of people that are not owned by any publisher or another company. Because of that, most independent developers publish their games themselves. If they do that, the games usually will not get much attention or money. Still, independent developers can make exactly the game they want, when there is no publisher to tell them what to do. These are also sometimes called indie developers.
A video game publisher is a company that publish games that they have made or that they have bought to be made by a video game developer. The publisher pays for the development of the game. Because of that, they can tell the developers exactly what kind of game they want. The publisher is responsible for the making and marketing of the game. Big publishers also distribute the games that they publish. Smaller ones pay for other companies to distribute the game for them. Publishers also usually design and make the copies of the games and write the manual.

Technology companies
Cork is a city in County Cork in Ireland. It is the country's second largest city, only Dublin is larger. It is the third largest city on the island of Ireland, as Belfast is also larger. People from Cork are called Corkonians. It was founded by Saint Finbarr in the sixth century. 274,000 people live in Cork city and the surrounding urban areas. The River Lee runs through Cork city.

Famous things in Cork City include Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral, Shandon cathedral, Blackrock castle, Fota wildlife park, Fota house and gardens, and University College Cork. Many famous sports people come from Cork including Roy Keane, Dennis Irwin and Christy Ring. Olympic medal winner Sonia O'Sullivan comes from the town of Cobh just outside Cork city in County Cork.

Twin cities
, Shanghai
, Coventry
, Rennes
, Cologne
, San Francisco
, Swansea

Europe
 Capital of Culture in 2005.

References

Other websites 
 Cork City Council site
 The Peoples Republic Of Cork
 Architecture of Cork 

 
6th-century establishments in Europe
County towns in Ireland
Genies or jinns or djinns are supposed to be magical beings or creatures with free will. They are originally found in ancient myths and legends of the Middle East, especially Arabia. 

Nowadays, people in many Muslim countries like Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Palestine, Egypt, Iraq, Syria,United Arab Emirates, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Turkey, Iran, parts of Central Asia, Afghanistan and Pakistan believe in these Jinns or Djinns. Jinns are also common in legends and stories from the Middle East, for example in the One Thousand and One Nights. 

The holy book of Muslims, the Quran also mentions Jinns, and says that they are made from fire or smoke. Together, the jinn, humans, devils and angels make up the four wise creations of God. Like human beings, the jinn can be good or bad.

In movies and on television 
 A genie who lives in an lamp can be seen in the famous story Aladdin. When the lamp is rubbed, the genie appears from the lamp with a cloud of dust. He has the power to grant wishes.

 I Dream of Jeannie was a popular television series in the 1960s about a female genie, named Jeannie.

 In the famous 1924 film The Thief of Bagdad, there are many Jinnns/Djinns, who are shown with magical powers. This film was remade in 1940 and 1942, also.

References

Other websites 

 Etymology of "genie"
 Sura Al-Jinn from the Qur'an 
 Visions of the Jinn - a Muslim scholar's experience with Jinn 
 Satan is a jinn 

Islam
Middle East
Mythology
Folklore
Cork could mean:

Places 
 Cork (city), a city in the Republic of Ireland
 County Cork, the largest and southernmost county in Ireland
 Cork Harbour, a natural harbour and estuary
 Cork International Airport, just outside the Irish city
 Metropolitan Cork

Objects and materials 
 Cork (material), a material used for bottle stoppers and noteboards
 Cork is often used to refer to a stopper (plug)

In botany 
 Cork oak (Quercus suber), a species of tree
 Chinese Cork Oak (Quercus variabilis), a species of tree
 Cork-tree, Phellodendron, a genus of plants native to east and northeast Asia
 Cork cambium, a tissue found in woody plants

In sports 
 Cork City F.C., a football club
 Cork GAA Gaelic athletic association

People 
 Bruce Cork (died 1994), American physicist
 Dominic Cork (born 1971), English cricketer

Other 
 Corky is a female orca living in captivity
 Cork taint, a condition when wine is spoilt by a chemical reaction
 Diocese of Cork and Ross (Roman Catholic) formed in the 1950s from two older diocese

Basic English 850 words
is a Japanese martial art.

History
Kendo means the "way of the sword". The rules and gear of kendo were first created in the 18th century and its modern rules and styles date to 19th century.

Rules
An opponent may be struck at seven places: both sides and top of helmet (men), on either hand (gloves, kote) or either side of the body breastplate (do). There is also one legal thrust (tsuki) on throat.

The "men" can only be struck from face, not from back. However, only one of the two hands can be struck, it depends on which kind of posture("kamae") your opponent are using. A struck to the right side of body(one kind of "do") will often be ignored by referee because in the old days samurai will have a smaller sword in this position, which gives this position a good protection. Very important, because "tsuki" is somehow dangerous, junior practicer perform "tsuki" is forbidden both in match and daily training.

In a match, the attacker must name the location of each strike. Often, name these locations by Japanese list before("men","kote","do","tsuki"), but some people will name it by Korean or Chinese or other language, or even a meaningless shout. All these kinds of shout name "kiai". An effective attack must contains "kiai" besides other essential factors.

Equipment
The weapon used in kendo is a bamboo sword, called shinai. The kendo armour, which the players must wear, is called bogu and is made of a helmet (men), breastplate (do), waist protector (tare), and special gloves (kote).

Lesson contents
Lesson is called keiko in kendo. keiko means that We think about past. kendo's keiko is distinguished between shinai keiko and kata keiko. the building which we do kendo is called dojyo. In particular keiko done in summer is shochugeiko and one done in winter is kangeiko.

shinaikeiko
keiko which use shinai and bogu
 suburi (waiving sword many times to improve your muscle)
 kirikaeshi (Striking partner's men consecutively and confirming sword handling)
 uchikomi keiko (Training basic strike like men, kote, doetc.)
 oikomi keiko
 kakari geiko (Striking where partner show a plow as many as possible in time)
 ji geiko
 shiai geiko

Related pages 
 Sports in Japan

References

Martial arts
Sport in Japan
Palaeontology or Paleontology is the study of fossils of living things, and their phylogeny (evolutionary relationships). It depends on basic sciences such as zoology, botany and historical geology. The term palaeobiology implies that the study will investigate the palaeoecology of the groups in question.

In palaeozoology, the evolution of those phyla with fossil records are studied: see List of animal phyla. In palaeobotany, fossil plants are studied. In historical geology the formation, sequence and dating of rock strata give information about past environments.

A fossil is any kind of life that is more than ten thousand years old and preserved in any form that we can study today. The fossil record is always incomplete, and later discoveries may extend the known survival of a group. See Lazarus taxon.

Some palaeontologists study fossils of microorganisms, living things that are too small to see without a microscope, while other palaeontologists study fossils of giant dinosaurs.

Vertebrate palaeontology: the palaeontology of vertebrate animals
Invertebrate palaeontology: the palaeontology of invertebrate animals

Related pages 
 Lagerstätte
 Paleoanthropology

References 

 
Evolutionary biology
Earth sciences
The Cotswolds is a range of hills in central England, sometimes called the "Heart of England", a hilly area reaching over 300 m. The area has been designated as Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The highest point in the Cotswolds is Cleeve Hill at 330 m (1083 ft).

The Cotswolds lie within the current ceremonial counties of  Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Somerset, Warwickshire, and Worcestershire. The county of Gloucestershire forms the largest area of the Cotswolds.

Description

The spine of the Cotswolds runs southwest to northeast through six counties, particularly Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire, and southern Warwickshire. The northern and western edges of the Cotswolds are marked by steep slopes down to the Severn valley and the River Avon, Avon. These are a result of the broken edge of the limestone layer. On the eastern boundary is the city of Oxford and on the west is Stroud. To the south towns as Cirencester, Lechlade, Tetbury, Beverston and Fairford mark the southern limit of this region. 

In the Middle Ages, the wool trade made the Cotswolds prosperous. Some of this money was put into the building of churches. The area has a number of large, handsome Cotswold stone "wool churches".  The area is still wealthy and has attracted people who own second homes in the area, or have chosen to retire to the Cotswolds.

Typical Cotswold towns are Bourton-on-the-Water, Broadway, Burford, Chipping Norton, Cirencester, Moreton-in-Marsh, Stow-on-the-Wold and Winchcombe. The town of Chipping Campden is famous as the home of the Arts and Crafts movement, that was founded by William Morris at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries.

The Cotswold Way is a long-distance footpath about 103 miles long (166 km) running the length of the AONB, mainly on the edge of the Cotswold escarpement with good views over the Severn Valley and the Vale of Evesham.

Cotswld stone 
The area has attractive small towns and villages built of  Cotswold stone (a yellow limestone). This limestone is rich in fossils. The stone  is a yellow oolitic Jurassic limestone. At the time, this was laid down in a warm tropical sea, about 177 million years ago. The latitude of Britain was about where North Africa is today. The stone is full of fossils such as stalked crinoids. A project is under way to collect examples for the Natural History Museum.

Historical structures
Sudeley Castle

References

Other websites 
Cotswold District Council — The website of Cotswold District Council
Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty Website  (Countryside Agency)
Cotswold Journal Local Cotswolds news and information
Yate and Chipping Sodbury Guide  — A Guide to Yate, Chipping Sodbury on the Southern Edge of the Cotswold Escarpment
 Photos of Lower Slaughter in 3d (Anaglyphs) 
Cotswold AONB Magic interactive map (slow on first load)

Warwickshire
Geography of England
Piauí is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It is in the northeastern part of the country. The capital of Piauí is Teresina.

Geography 
Piauí shares borders with the states of Maranhão (west), Ceará (east), Pernambuco (east) and Bahia (east and south). It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north.

Piauí has the shortest coastline of any of the Brazilian states that borders the Atlantic Ocean. Its coastline is only 66 km long. The capital, Teresina, is the only state capital in the northeast that is not on the coast. The reason for this is because, unlike the rest of the area, Piauí state was first colonised away from the coast and slowly expanded towards the ocean. The other states in the area started on the coast and grew inland.

Flag 
The flag of Piaui was created on 24 July 1922. The blue canton and a star is for the state itself. The green and yellow stripes are for Brazil.

Cities 
Cities in Piaui include:
 Teresina
 Parnaíba
 Picos
 Oeiras

Other websites 
 Piauí Official Homepage (Portuguese)

 
States of Brazil
The Brazilian Federal District or Distrito Federal is a part of Brazil, which is used to shelter Brasília, the federal capital. It is in the centre of the country.

History
The government of Brazil was moved to Distrito Federal on April 21, 1960. Before this, the Brazilian Federal District used to be the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Afterwards, the municipality of Rio de Janeiro became the Estado da Guanabara (State of Guanabara), from 1960 until 1975. In 1975, the State of Guanabara and the State of Rio de Janeiro merged, to be named the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Originally, most of the people were local workers (called "Candangos"), who built the capital, and federal government workers who were sent to the new capital, Brasília. The capital is a planned city. It had areas built for homes, business, schools and other uses. Originally built for up to one million people, the city now has many more than one million people. Because of how the city was built, it has been hard for the city to grow. This has caused many people to live in cities around Brasília. A large percentage of the people of the Distrito Federal live outside the city now.

Flag
The white color is for peace. The green and yellow colors in the middle refer to the national colors of Brazil. The four yellow arrows are for the native people of Brazil. The arrows pointing into the four cardinal directions of the compass stands for the power moving out from the center. The yellow arrows also form a cross. This is a symbol of the Southern Cross carried by the explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral.

The flag was created by the poet Guilherme de Almeida, and was adopted by decree no. 1090 on August 25, 1969.

References

Other websites 
 Official homepage 
 Informative Federal District page, with aeroplane view  
Feature article on CityMayors.com
Distrito Federal at Google Maps
Map of the Brazilian Federal District 

 
1960 establishments
1960s establishments in Brazil
Zvečan is a town in north Kosovo, Serbia, near Kosovska Mitrovica. , about 16,600 people lived there. The town was first mentioned at the time of border disputes between Serbia and the Byzantine Empire between 1091 and 1094.

References

Towns in Europe
Settlements in Serbia
Rosario is a city in the center-east of Argentina, about  northwest from Buenos Aires. It is the main city of Santa Fe Province. As of 2008 Rosario metropolitan area has a population of around 1,300,000 inhabitants, making it Argentina's third-largest city. The city is on the Paraná River.

It is called Rosario because of the Virgin of the Rosary, whose image remains at the cathedral, in the same place as the original chapel.

Cities in Argentina
Gymnastics is a sport which involves doing exercises which need strength, flexibility, balance and control. This may include running, jumping, tumbling, somersaulting, flipping and balancing.  

In women's gymnastics, there are four activities: floor, uneven bars, balance beam, and vault.  In men's gymnastics, there are six activities: floor exercise, parallel bars, high bar, pommel horse, vault, and rings.

Gymnastics is a Summer Olympic sport.
Gymnastics is not just for girls, it can also be for boys as well.

History 
Gymnastics began as a form of exercise in ancient Greece.  It was one of the first sports in the Olympics.

Forms of gymnastics 
There are several forms of gymnastics, including rhythmic gymnastics, artistic gymnastics, acrobatics, trampolining, and wheel gymnastics and no handed gymnastics. In artistic gymnastics, gymnasts perform short routines using different pieces of equipment.  Acrobatics involves showing balance and performing flips on the floor or in the air.  In trampolining, gymnasts do routines using only the trampoline.  Wheel gymnasts exercise in a large wheel called a German wheel. 
  

In rhythmic gymnastics, gymnasts perform with ribbons, rope, ball, hoop and clubs.  Usually, only females do rhythmic gymnastics because they are more flexible than males.

Other websites   

 FM Gymnastics - a list of Techniques and free animated comic tutorials for Floor Gymnastics.

Websites of the federations 

Federation Internationale de Gymnastique
  Gimnasia Argentina
  Gymnastics Australia 
  Brazilian Gymnastics Federation
  Gymnastics Canada 
  Chinese Gymnastics Association 
  Fédération Française de Gymnastique
  Federazione Ginnastica d'Italia
  Japan Gymnastic Association 
  Mexican Gymnastics Federation 
  Romanian Gymnastics Federation 
  Russian Gymnastics Federation
  British Gymnastics
  USA Gymnastics
Allahu Akbar is a Muslim saying.  The exact words in Arabic mean  "God is greater", but people know that saying "God is great" in the right time and place means the same as "God is Greater." "Allahu Akbar" is the first part of the Adhan, which people hear 5 times a day where Muslim people live together. Saying "God is Great" tells people in a few words what Islam believes and teaches. 

This Arabic phrase was added to the Iraqi flag, in Saddam Hussein's handwriting, in 2001. Muslims say it before changing positions during their prayers. Allahu Akbar was the anthem of Libya during the rule of Muammar Gaddafi.

Islam