cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
William Hedgcock Webster (born March 6, 1924) is an American attorney, jurist, and current Chairman of the Homeland Security Advisory Council. Previously Webster was the third Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 1978 to 1987 and Director of Central Intelligence from 1987 to 1991.

Webster was born on March 6, 1924 in St. Louis, Missouri. He studied at Amherst College and at Washington University in St. Louis. Webster was married to Drusilla Lane Webster from 1950 until her death in 1984. They had three children. He married Lynda Clugston in 1990. He now lives in Washington, D.C..

References

Other websites

1924 births
Living people
Politicians from St. Louis, Missouri
Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency
Directors of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
US Republican Party politicians
Brent Scowcroft (March 19, 1925 – August 6, 2020) was a United States Air Force Lieutenant General. He was the United States National Security Advisor under U.S. Presidents Gerald Ford and George H. W. Bush.

Scowcroft was born on March 19, 1925 in Ogden, Utah. He studied at Columbia University. Scowcroft married to Marian Horner in 1951. They had one daughter.

Scowcroft died on August 6, 2020 at his home in Falls Church, Virginia at the age of 95.

References

Other websites

"Don't Attack Saddam" by Brent Scowcroft.
Brent Scowcroft speech to Harvard Kennedy School, October 29, 2008 .
Brent Scowcroft résumé .
Oral History of Brent Scowcroft  at The West Point Center for Oral History .

1925 births
2020 deaths
American generals
American Latter Day Saints
Columbia University alumni
People from Ogden, Utah
Politicians from Utah
United States National Security Advisors
US Republican Party politicians
Ramallah ( Rāmallāh  is a Palestinian city, in the West Bank. It is  north of Jerusalem. It currently serves as the de facto capital of the State of Palestine, Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian National Authority. The constitutional capital is Jerusalem. Ramallah has over 27,000 people living there. Ramallah was historically a Christian town, but today Muslims form the majority of the population, with 25% of the people Christians.

The name of the city is made of "Ram", an Aramaic word that means "high place or mountain", and "Allah", the Arabic word for God. It translates as "Height of God".

Palestinian PLO leader (1969-2004) Yasser Arafat is entombed here in mausoleum.

References

Other websites

 Ramallah City 
 Ramallah History 

Capital cities in Asia
Cities in the West Bank
Kiss of Death is a 1995 suspense-thriller movie. A former convict living in New York City tries to go straight. He is derailed when he gets into transportation of stolen cars. Samuel L. Jackson plays Detective Calvin, Helen Hunt plays Bev Kilmartin, David Caruso plays ex-con Jimmy Kilmartin and Nicolas Cage plays Little Junior Brown. This movie was released in April 1995 and received mixed reviews from the critics.

1995 thriller movies
1995 drama movies
English-language movies
American thriller movies
Movies directed by Barbet Schroeder
In mathematics, the maximum and minimum of a set A is the largest and smallest element of A. They are written as  and , respectively. Similarly, the maximum and minimum of a function are the largest and smallest value that the function takes at a given point. Together, they are known as the extrema (the plural of extremum).

Minimum means the least you can do of something. For example, if the minimum amount of dollars you must pay for something is seven, then you cannot pay six dollars or less (you must pay at least seven). You can do more than the minimum, but no less. Maximum means the most you can have of something. For example, if the maximum amount of oranges you can juggle is five, you cannot juggle more than five oranges. You can do the maximum or less.

For a differentiable function , if  is an extreme value for the set of all values , and if  is in the interior of the domain of , then  is a critical point, by Fermat's theorem.

Related pages 

 Mathematical optimization
 Maximum likelihood

References

Mathematics
Alexandria is a city in the state of Louisiana. It it the largest city in the Central Louisiana region, ninth-largest in the state and parish seat of Rapides Parish.  Alexandria was incorporated in 1818. In 2010 nearly 48,000 people lived there.

Cities in Louisiana
Parish seats in Louisiana
1818 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Louisiana
Disclosure is a 1994 American drama thriller movie starring Michael Douglas and Demi Moore. It is about sexual harassment, lies and corporate matters. The movie was released in December 1994 and got mixed reviews by critics, though it performed well on box office.

1994 drama movies
1994 thriller movies
1990s drama thriller movies
American drama thriller movies
English-language movies
Legal movies
Movies set in Seattle, Washington
Warner Bros. movies
Michael Rapaport (born March 20, 1970 in New York City) is an American comedian and actor. He works mostly in movies. He played a racist skinhead in the movie Higher Learning. He played Paul in Beautiful Girls. He has also worked in television programs.

American movie actors
Actors from New York
1970 births
Living people
"Self Control" is an international song performed by Laura Branigan and released in 1984. The song has been remade many times, the most notable is by Ricky Martin. The single has been performed through other musicians over the years.

1984 songs
Red Dawn is a 1984 American war action movie. It was released in August 1984 with both good and bad reviews.  It starred Patrick Swayze, Lea Thompson, Charlie Sheen and Jennifer Grey. The film is set in an alternative 1980s in which the United States is invaded by the Soviet Union and its Cuban and Nicaraguan allies. World War III is mentioned in the movie, but is not fully explained. The story follows a group of American high school students who resist the occupation with guerrilla warfare, calling themselves Wolverines, after their high school mascot. The movie was the first to use a rating of PG-13.  The movie did very well at the box office.

Other websites 

 
 
 

1984 action movies
1984 thriller movies
1980s war movies
1980s American action movies
American war movies
English-language movies
Movies set in the 1980s
Spanish-language movies
Pope Saint Callixtus I or Callistus I (217-222 C.E.) was the sixteenth Pope, the official title is the Bishop of Rome of the Catholic Church, during the reigns of the Roman Emperors Elagabalus and Alexander Severus. He is considered a saint of the Roman Catholic Church.

He was a slave of a Christian who had educated him.  He went into business but the business failed.  After some trouble, he was sent to the mines in Sardinia but was freed due to the efforts of Pope Victor I.  Callistus went to work for Pope Zephrynus and became a great influence upon him.

He was a very unpopular pope to the theologians of the day.

His tomb was discovered in 1960 in the cemetary of Calepodius and can be seen even today.  His feast day is celebrated on October 14.

References 

Popes
220s deaths
MCST () is a microprocessor company that was set up in the 1992s. Different types of processors made by MCST were used in personal computers, servers and computing systems.

MCST develops microprocessors based on 2 different  instruction set architecture (ISA): Elbrus and SPARC

 Elbrus 1 (1973) was the fourth generation Soviet computer, developed by Vsevolod Burtsev. Implements tag-based architecture and ALGOL as system language like the Burroughs large systems. A side development was an update of the 1965 BESM-6 as Elbrus-1K2.
 Elbrus 2 (1977) was a 10-processor computer, considered the first Soviet supercomputer, with superscalar RISC processors. Re-implementation of the Elbrus 1 architecture with faster ECL chips. 
 Elbrus 3 (1986) was a 16-processor computer developed by Boris Babaian. Differing completely from the architecture of both Elbrus 1 and Elbrus 2, it employed a VLIW architecture.
 Elbrus-90micro (1998-2010) is a computer line based on SPARC instruction set architecture (ISA) microprocessors:  MCST R80, R150, R500, R500S and MCST-4R working at 80, 150, 500 and 1000 MHz. 
 Elbrus-3M1 (2005) is a 2-processor computer based on Elbrus 2000 microprocessor employing VLIW architecture working at 300 MHz. It is a further development of the Elbrus 3 (1986).
 Elbrus МВ3S1/C (2009) is a ccNUMA 4-processor computer based on Elbrus-S microprocessor working at 500 MHz.

Other websites
 Elbrus website in Russian
 Elbrus E2K 
 "Elbrus" processor info (russian) 
 "Elbrus-S" processor info (russian)
 МВ3S1/C  "Elbrus-S" based processor module(russian)
 "Elbrus-3M1" computer info (russian) 
 (I) Power Point document "Elbrus-3M1"
 (II) Power Point document "Elbrus-3M1"
 Russian microprocessors: An overview (Spanish - Espacial.org)
 Video of booting Windows 2000 on Elbrus microprocessor

Companies based in Moscow
Technology companies of Russia
Mega Man 10 is a platform video game made by Capcom for the Wii's WiiWare service, Xbox Live Arcade, and Playstation Network. It is the sequel to Mega Man 9. Like Mega Man 9, it has the same graphics as the Nintendo Entertainment System Mega Man games. It was released during March 2010.

In Mega Man 10, players can play as one of two characters. They can play as Mega Man or Proto Man. In April 2010, Capcom released download content for the game which makes a third character, Bass, playable as well. The player chooses their character at the start of the game. Once they select their character, it cannot be changed.

Like in Mega Man 10, three difficulty settings are available. In higher difficulties, enemies and bosses have different attacks. Easy Mode is available for players who want an easier game.

Mega Man games
Wii games
Xbox 360 Live Arcade games
PlayStation 3 games
2010 video games
Capcom games
Video game sequels
Kiss of Death may refer to:

 Kiss of Judas, Judas's betrayal of Jesus with a kiss identifying him to his executioners
 Kiss of death (mafia), a Mafia signal that someone has been marked for execution

Film and television 
 Kiss of Death (1916 movie), a Swedish silent movie
 Kiss of Death (1947 movie), a movie starring Richard Widmark
 Kiss of Death (1977 movie), a made-for-TV movie directed by Mike Leigh 
 Kiss of Death (1995 movie), a remake of the 1947 movie, starring David Caruso, Nicolas Cage, and Samuel L. Jackson
 Kiss of Death (TV drama), a 2008 UK crime drama
 "Kiss of Death" (Get Smart), an episode of Get Smart
 "Kiss of Death" (That '70s Show), an episode of That '70s Show

Literature 
 The Kiss of Death, a 2008 novel by Marcus Sedgwick
 Kiss of Death, a young-adult novel by Malcolm Rose
 Kiss of Death, the eighth novel in The Morganville Vampires series by Rachel Caine

Music 
 Kiss of Death (Jadakiss album), 2004
 Kiss of Death (Motörhead album), 2006
 Kiss of Death (Untoten album), an album by Untoten, 1997
 "Kiss of Death", a song by Anvil from Strength of Steel
 "Kiss of Death", a song by Alec Empire from Futurist
 "Kiss of Death", a song by Black Sabbath from Forbidden
 "Kiss of Death", a song by Dokken from Back for the Attack
 "Kiss of Death", a song by Glamour of the Kill from Glamour of the Kill
 "Kiss of Death", a song by New Order, the B-side of the single "The Perfect Kiss"
 "Kiss of Death", a song by Split Lip Rayfield from Never Make It Home
 "Da Last Don", the first track off Master P's 7th Album "MP Da Last Don", which was released on June 2, 1998.

Technology 
 Kiss of death (firearm), a handgun hidden in lipstick, used by the KGB
 Kiss-o'-Death, a network packet used to counteract NTP server misuse and abuse
The urinary system (the urinary tract) is a  system of  organs that makes urine/pee and takes it out of the body. 

Urine is watery waste of the body. Our body needs to collect this waste and get rid of it. Our body makes urine in two organs - the kidneys. To make urine, kidneys filter blood from blood vessels.

Organs of the urinary system

The urinary includes several organs: the kidneys, ureters, the urinary bladder, and urethra.

How the urinary system works

The kidneys remove waste chemicals like urea from the blood. The blood containing chemical wastes enters the kidneys through the renal arteries. The blood is processed through the nephron to make urine. Urine is yellow liquid with waste chemicals in it.

Then the urine goes down from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. It goes to it through two tubes - one tube from each kidney. The tubes are called ureters. 

The urinary bladder is a soft container. It has muscles. Its muscles can make it bigger or smaller. It becomes bigger when it is full of urine. At such times we feel it, and we have to pee.

There is one tube that goes out of the urinary bladder. This tube lets the urine out of the body. This tube is the urethra. It is the only urinary organ different in men and women.

Women's urethra 

In women the urethra is shorter and wider inside. Its outer end is between a woman's legs. It opens on her outer sex organs (vulva). A woman's urethra serves only to pass urine.

Men's urethra

In men the urethra is longer. It serves two functions. As a part of urinary system, it pased urine out of the body. As a part of reproductive system it passes seminal liquid. This liquid has in it male sex cells. These cells are called sperm cells. Sperm cells are made in the male sex glands - testes. The liquid with cells forms in another gland. This gland is below the bladder. This gland is called the prostate. The male urethra passes through the prostate and goes on through another organ. This male organ is a tube with the urethra. This tube is on the front of a man's body below the abdomen. This tube is called the penis. 

Women do not have it. To have sex and make babies, the penis goes into a women's wider tube, which is called the vagina. It does not pass urine: women's urethra goes in front of the vagina. Men get orgasms from their penis. Women have orgasms from their vagina and clitoris. Clitoris is an organ in women for orgasm only. It is much smaller than a penis. The women's urethra is not in the clitoris, but behind it. 

The urinary system is linked to the sex organs of men and women. Sex organs are called genitals.  Genitals and the urinary system make the genitourinary or urogenital system. Its organs are male or female; internal (inside) or external (outside the body).
 
Passing urine outside is called urination.

Medical aspects
TA medical science on the urinary system is urology. Medical doctors in urology are urologists. Women with urinary problems can also go to a gynecologist. Men's sex organs are checked by urologists andrologists.
Bachelor Party is a 1984 American comedy movie. It is about a school bus driver and a bachelor party thrown for him. Tom Hanks plays Rick Gassko, the bus driver. This movie got mixed to negative reviews from critics.

1984 comedy movies
1980s sex comedy movies
American sex comedy movies
English-language movies
Death and the Maiden is a 1994 drama movie. It was directed by Roman Polanski. The movie is based on the play by Ariel Dorfman. It starred Sigourney Weaver, Ben Kingsley and Stuart Wilson. The movie was released in December 1994.

Cast 
Sigourney Weaver as Paulina Escobar
Ben Kingsley as Dr. Roberto Miranda
Stuart Wilson as Gerardo Escobar

References

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 

1994 thriller movies
1994 drama movies
English-language movies
American drama movies
British drama movies
French drama movies
Movies directed by Roman Polanski
Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor (born 8 December 1966) is an Irish singer-songwriter. She is perhaps most famous for performing the 1990 Prince song "Nothing Compares to U" which was nominated for three Grammy Awards. In 1991 she refused her Grammy Award for Best Alternative Album.

She is an Independent Catholic priest, rejecting the authority of Rome. She is openly bisexual, and has four children, each by a different father. All her four marriages ended in divorce. She was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in 2005.

She has released nine studio albums. Her most recent album, How About I Be Me (And You Be You)? was released in 2012. She released the second single from it, "4th and Vine" in February 2013.
In October 2018, O'Connor she had converted to Islam, calling it "the natural conclusion of any intelligent theologian's journey."

Discography
Studio albums
 The Lion and the Cobra (1987)
 I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got (1990)
 Am I Not Your Girl! (1992)
 Universal Mother (1994)
 Faith and Courage (2000)
 Sean-Nos Nua (2002)
 Throw Down Your Arms (2005)
 Theology (2007)
 How About I Be Me (And You Be You) (2012)
 I'm Not Bossy, I'm the Boss (2014)

References 

1966 births
Living people
Bisexual people
Christians
Irish LGBT people
Irish rock musicians
Irish singer-songwriters
LGBT musicians
People with bipolar disorder
Singers from Dublin
Muslims
People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
Benigno Kheng Hon "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr. was a Filipino senator and a former Governor of Tarlac. He was born on November 27, 1932 and died on August 21, 1983 at the age of 50. His father was Benigno Aquino, Sr..

Aquino, Gerry Roxas and Jovito Salonga formed the leadership of the opposition to the government of President Ferdinand Marcos. Shortly after that, he was arrested in 1973 for seven years. Aquino was allowed to travel to the United States for medical treatment following a heart attack. He was killed at the Manila International Airport in 1983 upon returning from his self-imposed exile.

Aquino's death caused his widow, Corazon Aquino, to run for President in 1986. She became the 11th President of the Philippines. His son, Benigno Aquino III, became president in 2010.

References

Corazon Aquino
1932 births
1983 deaths
Assassinated people
Filipino politicians
Filipino Roman Catholics
Filipino journalists
Murder victims
Stephen Alan "Steve" Lillywhite,  (born 15 March 1955) is an English record producer. He is a five-time Grammy Award winner. He was born in Egham, Surrey. He is best known for his work with U2. He produced their first three albums, Boy, October and War. He has worked with many other artists including The Rolling Stones, Dave Matthews Band, Bruce Foxton (of The Jam), Big Country, Peter Gabriel, Talking Heads, Morrissey, Thirty Seconds to Mars, The Killers, The Pogues, David Byrne, XTC, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Simple Minds, The Psychedelic Furs, Beady Eye, Phish, Counting Crows and Joan Armatrading. 

Lillywhite was married to singer Kirsty MacColl from 1984 to 1994. They had two sons, Jamie and Louis. He has been married to Patricia Louise Galluzzi since 29 May 2004.

Lillywhite was awarded the  Commander of the Order of The British Empire (CBE) in 2012 for his contributions to music.

References
 

1955 births
Living people
British record producers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Surrey
Maria Corazon Sumulong "Cory" Cojuangco-Aquino (January 25, 1933 – August 1, 2009) was a Filipina politician who was the 11th President of the Philippines, the first woman to hold that office, and the first female president in Asia. She is known as "The Mother of Philippine Democracy". She led the 1986 People Power Revolution, which fled Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines. She was named Time magazine's "Woman of the Year" in 1986.

Her husband was Benigno Aquino, Jr., a Filipino senator. She is the mother of Benigno Aquino III, the previous President of the Philippines.

Early life
She was born on January 25, 1933.

Later years
She was a very important figure in the People Power Revolution.

Aquino was diagnosed with cancer in March 24, 2008.

She died on August 1, 2009 at the age of 76 of colorectal cancer.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Corazon Aquino – maintained by the Ninoy and Cory Aquino Foundation
 Time Woman of the Year: Corazon "Cory" Aquino 
 President Cory's historic speech before the U.S. Congress
 NYTimes obituary
 President Aquino in Time Magazine's Year ender 

 
1933 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Filipino Roman Catholics
Nonviolence advocates
Presidents of the Philippines
Time People of the Year
Turhan Bey (30 March 1922 – 30 September 2012) was an Austrian born  actor. Bey was active in Hollywood from 1941 to 1953. Bey was born as Gilbert Selahettin Shahultavey. He was the son of Turhan Bey a Turkish Diplomat and of Irma Meyer a Czech Jewish lady. In 1930, he moved to the United States. There he studied with Ben Ard at the School of Dramatic Art and at the Pasadena Playhouse. 

Bey began using his stage name soon after moving to the United States. He moved with his Jewish mother from Vienna to escape the Nazis. His popular nickname was "The Turkish Delight". This was a reference to his good looks that made him an very good partner for exotic actresses such as Maria Montez movies set in faraway places.

He began his career in Hollywood in 1941. He became one of the actors who almost always appeared in the Universal movies with Maria Montez. The movies he appeared with her include Raiders of the Desert, Bombay Clipper, Arabian Nights, White Savage, Ali Baba and the 40 Thieves, Follow the Boys and Bowery to Broadway.

Bey acted with the big stars of that time in movies such as A Night in Paradise, Out of the Blue, and The Amazing Mr. X until the popularity of the genre lessened in the 1950s. 

Bey moved back to Vienna and worked as a photographer. He did some work as a stage director, and also one of the founder of the Pro Circumcision Group "Eurocirc". He returned to Hollywood for a short time in the 1990s. During this time, he worked on both television and movies. He was nominated for an Emmy Award for his work as Turval on the space fantasy TV series Babylon 5.

Turhan Bey died in Vienna on September 30, 2012 after being ill with Parkinson's disease for a long time. He was cremated on October 8, 2012.

References

1922 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Austrian movie actors
Austrian television actors
Austrian stage actors
Austrian voice actors
Actors from Vienna
American movie actors
Mount Bures is a village and civil parish in Colchester borough, Essex, England. It is above the River Stour, north-west from Colchester and south-east of Sudbury.

Mount Bures takes its name from the "Mount" or "Mound" which is at the centre of the village, and "bur" which means building or dwelling. Mount Bures was previously called Bures Saint John, Little Bures or Bures Sackville to distinguish it from Bures Hamlet and Bures Saint Mary.

The railway opened in 1848 and runs through the centre of the village. The nearest railway station is at Bures Hamlet. The village has a church called St John's Baptist Church. It is close to the mount.

The parish has no main focus of settlement, but many scattered small settlements around tyes or greens; for example, Downing Tye, Mount Green, Janks Green, and Piotts Green. In 2011, there were 249 people living in Mount Bures.

Mount Bures has a rich historical background in relation to the Boudiccan revolt. The motte (mound) of Mount Bures is most commonly recognised as Boudicca’s Mount; due to the ideology that the queen’s warriors were buried here.

References 

Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
A bookmaker, bookie or Turf Accountant is person or company that collect bets for sporting events. Bets are placed and winnings are paid when the chosen team wins or event happens. The most popular bet will be for winning team. If chosen team wins - person betting will win their money back with some earnings.

Bookmakers are very popular in UK and Ireland. The person betting can chose from many variations. Most bets are made in sports like football, horse racing and rugby. Some bets can be placed for events too, like Oscar or presidential winners.
The first bookmaker was Harry Ogden opened in 1790s.

References

Gambling
Financial occupations
Origen (or Origenes, also Origen(es) Adamantius) was an early Christian scholar. He lived in Alexandria in the 3rd century. He was born in the year 185 or 186, and proably died around the year 254. Today, he is regarded as one of the Church Fathers, but not as a Saint. This is probably because he had some ideas, which were declared to be false later on. These ideas included that the human soul existed before conception, and entered the human body before birth (generally known as pre-existence). Another idea was that of the souls  entering a different human body after death. A third idea, called Apocatastasis, is that the reign of god would be restored when the world ends. These ideas were discussed by church fathers, but it was decided that they were false beliefs. The Ecumenical Council  of Constantinople in 453 CE posthumously excommunicated Origen, and the 2nd Council of Constantinople in 553 CE declared apocatastasis as heresy. However, in recent years the idea has found some reconsideration especially among Restorationist Christian groups.

His writings are included in the general collection of early Church Fathers. However, unlike many church fathers, Origen was never canonized by the Catholic Church, because some of his teachings (for example, that every man and woman, and even the devil and his demons, would ultimately be saved) directly contradicted the teachings and actions of the apostles.

Origen wrote about many branches of theology, including textual criticism, biblical exegesis and hermeneutics, philosophical theology, preaching, and spirituality. Some of his teachings, however, quickly became controversial. Notably, he frequently referred to his hypothesis of the pre-existence of souls. In the beginning all intelligent beings were united to God. In his writingas, Origen also considered the possibility, that in the end all beings, perhaps even the arch-fiend Satan, would be reconciled with God in what is called the apokatastasis ("restitution"). 

Origen saw the Son of God as subordinate to God the Father. Even though this view of the Trinity was common at the time, it became controversial during the Arian controversy of the fourth century. A group who came to be known as Origenists, and who firmly believed in the preexistence of souls and the apokatastasis, were declared anathema in the 6th century. This condemnation is attributed to the Second Ecumenical Council of Constantinople (553), though it does not appear in the council's official documents.

References 

180s births
250s deaths
Christian theologians
Egyptian Christians
People from Alexandria
Ancient Roman writers
Angels & Insects is a 1995 romantic drama movie. The movie stars Mark Rylance, Kristin Scott Thomas and Patsy Kensit. It got good reviews from the critics.

1990s romantic drama movies
1995 movies
English-language movies
Before Sunrise is a 1995 romantic drama movie. The movie stars Ethan Hawke and Julie Delpy. In the movie, a man named Jesse (Hawke) and a woman named Celine (Delpy) meet on a train and get off the train in Vienna. A romantic encounter begins from there. Before Sunrise was released January 27, 1995. It was very well liked by critics.

It was followed by sequels Before Sunset and Before Midnight.

Other websites 

1995 movies
1990s romantic drama movies
Multilingual movies
Vienna
American independent movies
Movies directed by Richard Linklater
Sosúa is a Dominican municipality in the Puerto Plata province, on the north coast of the country.

Sosúa is a taíno name of the small river (Sosúa River) that crosses the city and ends in the Atlantic Ocean, on the western part of the Sosúa Bay.

Location
The municipality is surrounded by the Espaillat province to the east and to the south, the municipality of Puerto Plata to the west and the municipality of Villa Montellano to the northwest. The Atlantic Ocean is to the north of Sosúa.

Population
The city had, in , a total population of 29,653: 14,796 men and 14,857 women. The urban population was  of the total population.

Geography
Sosúa is along the Sosúa Bay, a small bay with two headlands: to the east is Punta Sosúa ("punta" is a Spanish word that means, in this case, a headland) that was named as Punta Seca ("Dry headland") by Columbus in his first visit to the island; and to the west is Punta Payne, in front of the Sosúa Beach.

The bay is divided in two smaller bays:
The western small bay, or Puerto Chiquito; it is the smaller of the two divisions of the bay and is where the Sosua River ends.
The eastern part, Puerto Grande or commonly named Puerto Sosúa, is larger and it was used as a port in the past; the Sosúa beach is here.

Sosúa has a total area of , about  of the total area of the province of Puerto Plata . The city is about  from the Puerto Plata International Airport.

History
At the beginning of the 20th Century, the United Fruit Company began to grow bananas around the present Sosúa to send the fruits to the United States. The company had over 1.5 million banana plants, and in the year 1900 they sent thousands of fruits to the United States alone. Many people came to live here and to work with the company. United Fruit later closed the Sosúa banana operations in 1916.

Seven hundred and fifty German and Austrian Jews refugees came to the Dominican Republic between 1940 and 1945 to live in Sosúa. Here they created a dairy and cheese factory named "Productos Sosúa" that is still working. When the World War II ended, some of this refugees went to live to United States but many of them stayed in Sosúa.

On March 27, 1958, Sosúa became a Municipal District and later, on August 12, 1978, a municipality.

With the development of tourism in the mid 1980s in the country, Sosúa came to be one of the most important places for tourism in the northern coast.

Administrative division
The municipality of Sosúa has two municipal districts:

Economy
Even if agriculture and fishing were very important activities in the past, since the mid 1980s tourism has come to be most important economic activity, with several important hotels in the city and in places near Sosúa and Cabarete.

References

Other websites

Sosua Virtual Museum
Tropical Zion: General Trujillo, FDR, and the Jews of Sosúa  by Allen Wells 
Sosúa, Dominican Republic
Records of the Dominican Republic Settlement Association (DORSA) 1939-1977  American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Archives

Settlements in the Dominican Republic
1978 establishments in North America
1970s establishments in the Dominican Republic
The Staten Island Ferry is a free ferry service that runs between the New York City boroughs of Staten Island and Manhattan. The service started in 1817 as the Richmond Turnpike Company. It leaves and arrives in Manhattan from the Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal near Battery Park City. In Staten Island, it leaves and arrives from the Saint George Ferry Terminal near Richmond Terrace. The trip takes around 25 minutes each way. Service is provided 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Late-night service is one trip per hour and, during rush hours, four per hour.

The ferry carries bicycles.  The ground entrance to the ferry is only for bicycle riders.  Automobiles were also carried for a fee of $3.00 per automobile.  This ended after the September 11, 2001 attacks.

Over 21 million people ride the Staten Island Ferry a year. Around 75,000 ride on a weekday.

Other websites 

Staten Island Ferry

Transport in New York City
Ferry
Manhattan
1817 establishments in the United States
1810s establishments in New York (state)
My Girlfriend's Boyfriend is a 2010 romantic comedy movie. It is about a novelist and problems around him.  The movie stars Alyssa Milano, Beau Bridges and Carol Kane. It was released in May 2010 in the United States. The movie received very positive reviews from the critics.

2010s romantic comedy movies
2010 movies
English-language movies
The Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica is unicameral. It is the legislative branch of the government of Costa Rica. The Legislative Assembly's building is in San José city.

Costa Rica
Costa
Cruelty to animals is when a person harms or even kills an animal or pet. There is a fine in some countries and in more serious cases one can go to jail. The animal that suffers could be stolen, or it could be the owner abusing their own pet. Some ways in which people could abuse the animal would be by locking it, keeping it tied to a chain, giving it little or no  food or water, kicking and hurting it, yelling and scaring it or leaving it outside in cold or hot weather for a long period of time. Sometimes people will also abandon their pet. Some examples of animal cruelty are neglect, hoarding, or physical abuse.

Related pages
Animal welfare
Animal rights
Veganism

Other websites
 Brute Ethics: animal ethics encyclopedia         
  
Animal rights
Types of crime
Rand Paul (born January 7, 1963) is an American politician. He is the United States Senator from Kentucky (serving with Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell). He is a Republican and the son of Ron Paul.

Paul is a member of the Tea Party movement.

Paul used to be a doctor. 

Paul was diagnosed in 2020 with the coronavirus, one of the first senators with it.

U.S. senator (2011-present)
Paul was sworn in on January 5, 2011, along with his father, who simultaneously served in the House of Representatives.

Rand was assigned to serve on the Energy and Natural Resources, Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, Homeland Security and Government Affairs, and Small Business committees. Paul also formed the Senate Tea Party Caucus.

For the 113th Congress, Paul was added to the Foreign Relations committee and retained his spot on the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, Homeland Security and Government Affairs, and Small Business committees.

On March 6–7, 2013, Paul engaged in a filibuster to delay voting on the nomination of John O. Brennan as the Director of the CIA. Paul  questioned the Obama administration's use of drones and the stated legal justification for their potential use within the United States. Paul held the floor for 12 hours and 52 minutes.

In the beginning of 2015, Senator Paul re-introduced the Federal Reserve Transparency Act.  Senator Paul also introduced the FAIR Act, or Fifth Amendment Integrity Restoration Act, which would restrict civil forfeiture proceedings.

On May 20, 2015, Paul spoke for ten and a half hours in opposition to the reauthorization of Section 215 of the Patriot Act. Sections of the Patriot Act were prevented from being reauthorized on 1 June.

2016 presidential race

Paul officially announced his candidacy for the 2016 U.S. presidential election on April 7, 2015. He dropped out of the race on February 3, 2016. His run to be the president only received 1 delegate. His campaign was under the Republican Party.

Personal life
Paul married Kelley Ashby in 1990. Together, they have three children.

On November 3, 2017, Paul was assaulted in his home by his 59-year old neighbor. The neighbor was arrested by state troopers, and was subsequently charged with one count of 4th degree assault. Although initial announcements stated that Paul had only minor injuries, subsequent news reports explained that he sustained five broken ribs.

Paul announced on March 22, 2020, that he had tested positive for coronavirus (COVID-19).

References

Other websites

 Senator Rand Paul official U.S. Senate website
 Rand Paul for President official campaign website

1963 births
Living people
American Presbyterians
Politicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
2016 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Kentucky
US Republican Party politicians
The Russian Academy of Sciences (, shortened to , RAN) is a network of scientific research institutes across the Russian Federation. consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the country. It also includes other scientific and social groups like libraries, publishing units and hospitals.

Like the French Academy of Sciences and unlike The Royal Society in Britain, the Russian Academy of Sciences has two types of membership. The top-level members are academicians (820 scientists, as of November 2021). The next-level members are corresponding members (1047 scientists). There are also professors of the RAN (603 scientists). 3 professors became academicians and 137 professors became corresponding members. These are now counted twice: as professors and as members. The last elections were organized in November 2019. To be elected to the Academy is a great honor for any researcher.

Other websites 

 RAS website
 Website of RAS management 
 RAS Institutes in the Ranking Web of Research Centers 
 Russian Space Science Internet Network
 Open letter to the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir V. Putin from the Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
 Satellite photo of the RAS Main Building
 Satellite photo of the RAS Old Building

Buildings and structures in Moscow
Companies of Russia
National academies of sciences
Big Business is a 1988 American comedy movie set in  Two pairs of identical twin girls are switched at birth in West Virginia and go into two different settings in New York City. Bette Midler acts as Sadie, Lily Tomlin plays Rose. This movie was released in June 1988. It received lukewarm reviews by critics, although it performed quite well at the box office.

1988 comedy movies
1980s buddy movies
American buddy movies
1980s American comedy movies
English-language movies
Female buddy movies
Movies about sisters
Movies about twins
Movies based on plays
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in the 1940s
West Virginia
Movies directed by Jim Abrahams
Solar cars (or solar vehicles) are a special type of electric vehicle that only get their power from the sun.  They use solar cells on the surface of the car to produce electricity and the electricity makes a motor turn, and that turns the wheels.  They are not useful for normal driving, but once built, they can drive all day and not make any pollution.   There are also some solar-powered vehicles for unusual cases, like the first rovers on Mars.

Also, there are electric vehicles that can be charged from separate solar panels, and those panels can be as big as needed.  This can work to power an electric car for most daily needs.  But this is not called a solar car, since it doesn't have the solar panels right on the car.

History

The first competition was a trip from Sydney, Australia to Perth in 1983.

Competitions
There are now several competitions to see who can build the best solar-powered car.  Some of these are for college students, some are open to anybody.  It is not easy to build a good solar car. This is a good test of engineering skills, and helps improve the efficiency of cars and test solar equipment.
 World Solar Challenge - the biggest and toughest race is still in Australia 
 American Solar Challenge - cross country and race track races in the United States

References

Other websites

Race your own car 

Electric vehicles
Solar energy
Laws of Attraction is a 2004 Irish-British-German romantic comedy-drama movie. It is about two high-profile divorce lawyers in New York City. It stars Julianne Moore, Pierce Brosnan and Parker Posey. The movie got bad reviews from critics when it was released, but it earned back its budget revenue.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 
 

2004 romance movies
2004 comedy movies
2000s romantic comedy movies
British romantic comedy movies
Irish movies
German romance movies
German comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in New York City
Donald H. "Don" Keefer (August 18, 1916 – September 7, 2014) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in Death of a Salesman, Creepshow, The Twilight Zone, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, Gunsmoke, and in Liar Liar.

Keefer was born on August 18, 1916 in Highspire, Pennsylvania. He studied at The Actors Studio. Keefer was married to Catherine McLeod from 1950 until her death in 1997. They had three children: Donald, John and Thomas.

Keefer died from natural causes on September 7, 2014 in Sherman Oaks, California. He was 98.

References

Other websites
 

1916 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American television personalities
Deaths from natural causes
People from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Fritz William Weaver (January 19, 1926 – November 26, 2016) was an American actor. He was known for his guest-star roles in The Twilight Zone, Night Gallery, The X-Files, Matlock, and Demon Seed. He was also known for his role as Dexter in Creepshow. He won a Tony Award in 1970.

Weaver was born on January 19, 1926 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Weaver studied at Peabody High School. He was married to Sylvia Short from 1953 until they divorced in 1979. Then he married Rochelle Oliver in 1997. Weaver had two children with Short.

From 1995 until his death, Weaver has worked primarily as a voice actor, providing narration for programs on the History Channel.

Weaver died at his home in Manhattan on November 26, 2016, aged 90.  No cause of death was immediately available.

References

Other websites

 

1926 births
2016 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American television personalities
Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Tony Award winning actors
Henri Carel Willem "Hans" Schnitger (August 5, 1915 – March 2, 2013) was a Dutch field hockey player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. Schnitger was a member of the Dutch field hockey team, which won the bronze medal. He played all five matches as forward.

Schnitger was born in Enschede, where he lived until his death on March 2, 2013 from natural causes, aged 97.

References

Other websites
profile
Hans Schnitger's obituary  

1915 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Dutch Olympic bronze medalists
Field hockey players
People from Enschede
Sportspeople from Overijssel
A chemtrail is a trail of chemicals left by an airplane at a high altitude. According to a conspiracy theory, the chemicals are said to be deliberately sprayed for reasons that are kept secret by the government. Most scientists and workers in the aviation industry say that the trails left by planes are just a form of condensation. These are called contrails (condensation trails).

People who believe the theory have speculated about what purpose chemtrails may serve. Some say it is to change the weather or stop global warming. Others say that it is to control the population by spreading chemicals that are harmful to the human reproductive system. Some more recent versions of the theory say that chemtrails are being spread by companies that make genetically-modified (GMO) crops. The chemtrails supposedly contain herbicides that will only kill normal (organic) crops and will not affect the genetically-modified crops.

Some claim that specially modified planes, supposedly owned and operated by the government, are necessary to create a chemtrail. The chemicals are said to either come from the engine or from special nozzles on the plane. In some versions of the theory, the chemical is said to be barium or a barium compound, but in other versions it is aluminum oxide, or a mixture of barium compounds and aluminum oxide.

Chemtrails are not to be confused with the spraying of chemicals over short distances at a low altitude, such as aerial firefighting or crop-dusting.

False evidence of chemtrails 

Several photographs on the Internet have been claimed to show the inside of planes that spread chemtrails. They show ballast barrels installed on the inside of the plane. In reality, these are photographs of test planes or firefighting planes. The real purpose of the barrels is to simulate the weight of passengers or cargo. The barrels are filled with water, and the water can be pumped from barrel to barrel to test different weight distributions while the aircraft is in flight.

References

Other websites 
 Chemtrail aircraft photos debunked

Conspiracy theories
Aviation
George Robert Acworth Conquest  (15 July 1917 – 3 August 2015), known as  Robert Conquest, was an English-American historian and poet. He was best known for his influential works of Soviet history. They include The Great Terror: Stalin’s Purges of the 1930s. He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in November 2005.

Conquest was born on July 15, 1917 in Great Malvern, Worcestershire, England. He studied at Magdalen College, Oxford. 

He was married to Joan Watkins from 1942 until they divorced in 1948. Then he was married to Tatiana Mihailova from 1948 until they divorced 1962. Then he was married to Caroleen MacFarlane from 1964 until they divorced in 1978. Then he was married to Elizabeth Neece Wingate from 1979 until his death in 2015. He had two sons from Watkins and one step-daughter from Wingate. 

Conquest died in Stanford, California from respiratory failure caused by Parkinson's disease at the age of 98.

References

Other websites
 Scourge and Poet, a profile of Robert Conquest
 articles by and about Robert Conquest at the New York Review of Books
 Where Ignorance Isn't Bliss, article by Robert Conquest at National Review Online 
 His biography  at the Hoover Institution
 Great Terror at 40 

1917 births
2015 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American historians
American poets
British historians
Deaths from respiratory failure
People with Parkinson's disease
English poets
Disease-related deaths in California
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Worcestershire
Alan Greenspan (born March 6, 1926) is an American economist.

Early life
Greenspan was born on March 6, 1926 in New York City, New York to a Romanian-Hungarian-Jewish family. He studied at George Washington High School and at New York University.

Career
He was the Chairman of the Federal Reserve of the United States from 1987 to 2006. He currently works as a private adviser and provides consulting for firms through his company, Greenspan Associates LLC. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in November 2005.

Greenspan was first appointed Federal Reserve chairman by President Ronald Reagan in August 1987. He was reappointed at successive four-year intervals until retiring on January 31, 2006 after the second-longest tenure in the position.

Personal life
Greenspan was married to Joan Mitchell from 1952 until they annulled their marriage in 1953. He married Andrea Mitchell in 1997. He now lives in New York City and in Washington, D.C..

References

Other websites

Alan Greenspan's political donations  at NewsMeat.com
Statements and Speeches of Alan Greenspan
1996 speech by Greenspan about the challenges of central banking
2003 speech by Greenspan about "Market Economies and Rule of Law"
Greenspan Warns on Protectionism, BBC News, August 26, 2005
Alan Greenspan vs. Naomi Klein on the Iraq War, Bush’s Tax Cuts, Economic Populism, Crony Capitalism and More , Democracy Now, Sep 24, 2007

1926 births
Living people
American chief executives
American economists
Bankers
Chairs of the Federal Reserve
Businesspeople from New York City
Jewish businesspeople
Libertarians
New York University alumni
Republicans (United States)
United States Council of Economic Advisers
Edward Allen "Ed" Harris (born November 28, 1950) is an American actor, writer, and director. He is best known for his roles in Pollock, Appaloosa, The Rock, The Abyss, A Beautiful Mind, A History of Violence, Enemy at the Gates, The Right Stuff, Gone Baby Gone, and Paris Trout. He won an Golden Globe Award, an Drama Desk Award, and an Screen Actors Guild Award.

Harris was born on November 28, 1950 in Inglewood, New Jersey. He was raised in Tenafly, New Jersey. Harris studied at Tenafly High School and at Columbia University. He married Amy Madigan in 1983. They have one daughter, Lily Dolores, born in 1993. Harris now lives in Los Angeles, California. His father was actor Bob L. Harris.

References

Other websites

1950 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American movie directors
Actors from New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Drama Desk Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Moravia is a canton in San José Province of Costa Rica.

References

San José Province
Cantons of Costa Rica
1914 establishments in North America
20th-century establishments in Costa Rica