cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Navier–Stokes equations are kinds of partial differential equations, mathematical equations that describe the motion of fluids. The equations are named after Claude-Louis Navier and George Gabriel Stokes. The equations happen when you apply Newton's second law to fluid dynamics with the guess that the stress, or internal forces, comes from the sum of a diffusing viscous term (based on which way the velocity is changing), plus a pressure term.

They are very useful because many important things flow. Scientists and engineers use the equations in mathematical models of weather, ocean currents, water flow in a pipe, how air flows around a wing, and how stars move inside a galaxy. The Navier–Stokes equations in their full and simplified forms help with the design of aircraft and cars, the study of blood flow, the design of power stations, the analysis of pollution, and many other things. Together with Maxwell's equations (the equations for electricity and magnetism) they can be used to model and study how things that can flow and conduct electricity can produce (and react to) magnetic fields.

The Navier–Stokes equations are also of great interest in a purely mathematical sense. Somewhat surprisingly, given how useful these equations are, mathematicians have not yet proven that in three dimensions solutions always exist, or that if they do exist, then they do not contain any bad points where they become infinite. These are called the Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness problems. The Clay Mathematics Institute has called this one of the seven most important open problems in mathematics, and offered a US$1,000,000 prize (approx. €0.7M or £0.6M as of September 2009) for a solution or a counter-example.

The Navier–Stokes equations dictate not position but rather velocity (how fast the fluid is going and where it is going). A solution of the Navier–Stokes equations is called a velocity field or flow field, which is a description of the velocity of the fluid at a given point in space and time. Once the velocity field is solved for, other quantities of interest (such as flow rate or drag force) may be found. This is different from what one normally sees in classical mechanics, where solutions are typically paths of a particle over time. Studying velocity instead of position makes more sense for a fluid, but for visualization purposes one also can compute various paths that a particle could flow along.

References 

Partial differential equations
Mary Toft (née Denyer) (c. 1701–1763), also called Mary Tofts, was an English woman from Godalming, Surrey. In 1726 she tricked doctors into believing that she had given birth to rabbits. She became famous, and was taken to London. There she was examined by royal doctors. Later she confessed, and was sent to prison.

Toft became pregnant in 1726, but later miscarried. She had developed a strong interest in a rabbit she had seen while working, and claimed to have given birth to parts of animals.  Local surgeon John Howard was called to see if it was true, and upon delivering several animal parts he told other important doctors.  The event came to the attention of Nathaniel St. André, surgeon to the Royal Household of King George I of Great Britain. St. André checked further into the event and decided that Toft was telling the truth. The king also sent surgeon Cyriacus Ahlers to see Toft, but Ahlers did not believe it.  By now quite famous, Toft was brought to London and was studied at length. She was watched closely. She produced no more rabbits, and eventually confessed to the hoax and was sent to prison as a fraud.

The public learned of the fact that the doctors had been fooled, and this created panic in the medical profession. Several important surgeons' careers were ruined. Pamphlets were published which made fun of the doctors, and  William Hogarth was very  critical of the profession. Toft was eventually released without charge and returned to her home.

1700s births
1763 deaths
People from Surrey
Hoaxes
San Fernando de Monte Cristi, usually just Monte Cristi, is a city in the Dominican Republic and the head municipality of the Monte Cristi province, in the northwest of the nation.

Name
The name comes from the name given by Columbus on 4 January 1493 to the mountain known now as El Morro: Monte Cristo or Monte Christi ("Mountain of Christ").

The name of the city has been written of different ways: Monte Cristi (Columbus), Monte Cristo (Ferdinand Columbus), Monte Christi or Monte Christo (Las Casas), Monte Cristy and Montecristi. But the name most used is Monte Cristi.

When the city was founded again in 1751, the name was changed to the present one, San Fernando de Monte Cristi, after Ferdinand VI, King of Spain.

Population
The municipality had, in , a total population of 24,644: 12,892 men and 11,752 women. The urban population was  of the total population.

History
The city was founded by Juan de Bolaños in 1533; but Rodríguez says that it was in 1545 by Francisco Mesa. Some families from the Canary Islands came to live here. Because it was too dry and hot, there was not possibility of any kind of farming, except some cattle raising, and the city was developed as a port.

The town was destroyed in 1606 by order of the Spanish government and the inhabitants were moved, together with the inhabitants of Puerto Plata inhabitants, away from the northern coast to form the new town of Monte Plata. In 1751, Monte Cristi was founded again by order of the king Ferdinand VI of Spain.

Geography
Monte Cristi is in the northwestern end of the Cibao Valley, near the Montecristi Bay. The city is just to the north of the mouth of the River Yaque del Norte.

To the north of the city is the western end of the Cordillera Septentrional ("Northern mountain range"); the last mountain of this range is El Morro.

The municipality has a total area of  535.87. The region around the city is very dry and hot.

The altitude of the city of Monte Cristi is  above sea level.

Climate
Monte Cristi has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen-Geiger classification: As) with a pronounced dry season on summer, and an wet season on winter.

The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with  of rainfall, followed by December with .

The driest season is summer. The month with the least rainfall on average is July with an average of  followed by August, .

Monte Cristi is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is August with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

Economy 
The most important economic activities in the municipality are fishing and salt production. Farming is important near the River Yaque del Norte, and the main crops are bananas and rice.

Tourism is also important here, with the different beaches near the city and people that come here for fishing.

References 

Settlements in the Dominican Republic
1530s establishments in North America
1500s establishments in the Spanish Empire
1533 establishments
Belarusians are an East Slavic ethnic group. Most live in Belarus, and smaller communities live in Russia, Ukraine, Latvia, Kazakhstan, Poland, Lithuania, Moldova, and others. About 600,000 Americans have Belarusian ancestry.

Language 

About 70% of Belarusians speak Russian at home, while only 26% speak Belarusian at home.

Notable Belarusians 

Svetlana Alexievich
Victoria Azarenka
Ryhor Baradulin
Vasil Bykaŭ
Boris Kit
Olga Korbut
Yanka Kupala
Igor Luchenok
Alexander Lukashenko
Max Mirnyi
Alexander Rybak
Maria Sharapova
Francysk Skaryna
Dmitry Smolsky
Rostislav Yankovsky

References 

Slavic peoples
General Douglas MacArthur (January 26, 1880 - April 5, 1964) was an American General who served in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. Twice forces under his command suffered large defeats.

In 1941 he became Commander of United States Army forces in the Far East. From December 1941 to April 1942 the Japanese Army conquered the Philippines. He fled, but later returned leading a victorious army.

In 1950 he led United Nations forces in Korea. The Chinese defeated them at the Chosin Reservoir in North Korea. After making several comments towards superiors questioning their actions, he was relieved from command in April 1951 by President Harry S Truman He was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1880 and died in Washington, D.C., in 1964.

References

Other websites

1880 births
1964 deaths
American military personnel of the Korean War
American military personnel of World War I
American military personnel of World War II
Deaths from cirrhosis
Disease-related deaths in Washington, D.C.
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
People from Little Rock, Arkansas
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
A microblog is a form of a blog where people send short messages of text or media (pictures, video, or sounds). These messages can be sent to a website and shown to either a small group or to the public. A "microblogger" (someone who uses a microblog) could send their messages from different sources including cell phone text messages, email, instant messages or through a website. 

A microblog is usually different from a normal blog. It has much smaller pieces.  A microblog entry can be just one sentence, or a link to an image or short video. A person writing a microblog can use many ideas from "what am I doing now," to Race cars  or politics or information about their business or personal life.

Services

Micro blogs are in use in many ways on different websites. They became popular with sites like Twitter where people send messages to each other with text comments or links to other media. Newer sites are also available now which allow you to share media like videos, pictures or sounds directly instead of sending a link. 

Many social networking sites (such as Facebook or MySpace) use a type of microblogging using status updates where the person tells their friends what they are thinking or doing.

Usage

A Harvard Business School study found that while most social networking websites are more popular with women microblogging, like Twitter, has been much more popular with men. Both men and women "followed" more men, this allows them to receive the messages that get sent out by the person they followed. 

Micro blogs have also become new sources for news that just happened or is still happening, such as the terrorist attacks on Mumbai in November 2008.

Microblogging at work 
A new idea for Micro blogging has been to turn it into a way to talk to other people about work. It allows a person to give quick news or information to the people they work without sending a lot of emails and without the spam they get in their email account. New companies such as Yammer have been started who want to help allow workers to talk to each other with about work and share what they need.

References

Internet
Clarkson University is a four-year school in Potsdam, New York. It was created in 1896 in Memory of Mr. Clarkson. It is known for its Business and Engineering majors.

References
http://www.clarkson.edu/about/index.html

Colleges and universities in New York
1896 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in New York (state)
Omegle is a website that allows one to talk with one person anonymously and randomly without signing up. The nicknames that are used are "You" and "Stranger". It was started in late March 2009 by an eighteen-year-old, Leif K-Brooks, who lives in Vermont.

Features 

The website has started using a lot of new things in the chat. One thing is that people can chat using webcams. Another feature is that one person can ask something while watching two other strangers discussing it. Usually, the asker can't talk, but they can watch them discuss the question. One new feature that people can do is use Facebook Connect to find strangers who have liked the same things on Facebook. You can also type in common interests, these will only connect you to people who have the same interests.

Criticism 
The website does not ban users because of their age. A user may experience nudity or sexual content on camera. K-Brooks says, that at one time, he felt "disappointment" at the way in which the site has been used.
Since 2013, Omegle has monitored the video chats. There is a moderated video section and an unmoderated video section. The unmoderated video section is for adults who are 18 and over. The moderated video section is for everyone. If someone is seen naked on the moderated video section, they will be banned and only be able to use the unmoderated section.

Other websites
Zumbl
Chatroulette

References

2009 establishments
Social networking
Official site
Kowloon Walled City was a tiny Chinese enclave in Hong Kong. 

It was a military fort for hundreds of years, but later became a very dense settlement. In 1980, the city had about 35,000 people on about 20,000 m² of land, making it one of the most densely populated places on earth. It was torn down in 1993, and a park called Kowloon Walled City Park was built in 1994.

The area where Kowloon Walled City was located is now called Kowloon City. It is part of the Kowloon City District of Kowloon, Hong Kong. At the end of the whole destruction process of the Kowloon Walled City, 51% of people had to go to temporary housing just outside the walled city. When they destroyed the walled city it was hard to destroy all the walled city's machinery. The walled city was known for its brothels, dentists, and opium houses.

References

Other websites

 Tofu Magazine article on Kowloon Walled City 
 Video exploring Kowloon Walled City
 Photos of Kowloon Walled City Park

Hong Kong
Shanty towns
Luncheon, usually simply called lunch, is a meal that is usually eaten around noon or in the early afternoon. In most countries, it is the second meal of the day, after breakfast and before dinner. A lunch can be cold (bread and fruit) or hot (a full meal, like a dinner). People that go to work or school during the day, usually have lunch together with their coworkers or classmates. Some people bring lunch to work or school in a brown paper bag or a lunchbox, but you can also buy lunch at a restaurant. In some countries, lunch is the most important meal of the day.

References 

Meals
Koji Maeda (born 3 February 1969) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Matsushita Electric||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1991/92||0||0||||||0||0||0||0
|-
|1992||Gamba Osaka||J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||||||0||0||0||0
|-
|1993||rowspan="2"|PJM Futures||rowspan="2"|Football League||17||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||2
|-
|1994||25||4||1||0||colspan="2"|-||26||4
|-
|1995||Fukuoka Blux||Football League||8||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||8||0
|-
|1996||rowspan="3"|Yokohama Flügels||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||20||0||0||0||8||0||28||0
|-
|1997||21||0||5||0||10||0||36||0
|-
|1998||24||1||5||0||3||0||32||1
|-
|1999||Júbilo Iwata||J. League 1||15||1||3||1||3||0||21||2
|-
|2000||Tokyo||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Avispa Fukuoka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||21||2||2||0||2||0||25||2
|-
|2001||21||1||0||0||1||0||22||1
|-
|2002||Vissel Kobe||J. League 1||3||0||0||0||6||0||9||0
|-
|2002||Sagan Tosu||J. League 2||16||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|Volca Kagoshima||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||||||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2004||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||||
191||11||19||1||33||0||243||12
191||11||19||1||33||0||243||12
|}

References

1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Kagoshima Prefecture
Vincent Kompany (born 10 April 1986) is a Belgian former football player.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Anderlecht||rowspan="3"|First Division||29||2
|-
|2004/05||32||2
|-
|2005/06||12||1

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Hamburger SV||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||6||0
|-
|2007/08||22||1
|-
|2008/09||1||0

|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Manchester City||rowspan="2"|Premier League||34||1
|-
|2009/10||||
73||5
29||1
34||1
136||7
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2004||8||0
|-
|2005||6||0
|-
|2006||2||0
|-
|2007||5||0
|-
|2008||6||0
|-
|2009||2||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||29||0
|}

References 

1986 births
Living people
Belgian footballers
Belgian football managers
People from Brussels-Capital Region
Manchester City F.C. players
is a Japanese football player. He plays for V-Varen Nagasaki.

Club career statistics

|-
|1994||rowspan="5"|Yokohama Flügels||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||31||1||2||0||2||0||35||1
|-
|1995||25||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||27||4
|-
|1996||9||1||1||0||3||0||13||1
|-
|1997||20||2||4||0||9||0||33||2
|-
|1998||22||0||4||0||3||0||29||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||30||0||2||0||4||0||36||0
|-
|2000||11||0||0||0||2||0||13||0
|-
|2000||Kawasaki Frontale||J. League 1||15||1||1||0||7||0||23||1
|-
|2001||Oita Trinita||J. League 2||40||0||3||0||2||0||45||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Avispa Fukuoka||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||22||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||26||0
|-
|2004||27||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||30||1
|-
|2005||rowspan="6"|V-Varen Nagasaki||rowspan="4"|Regional Leagues||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||||
|-
|2006||13||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||14||2
|-
|2007||16||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||19||1
|-
|2008||17||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||2
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Football League||21||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||21||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
319||15||30||0||30||0||379||15
319||15||30||0||30||0||379||15
|}

References

Other websites

1971 births
Living people
Footballers from Saga Prefecture
Gerard Piqué (born 2 February 1987) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Barcelona and Spain national team. He started his professional football career with Manchester United in 2004. In Manchester United he scored 2 goals in 12 matches. After that he was loaned to Real Zaragoza in 2006-2007 season. Gerard came back to Manchester United in 2007, but he said that he wants to go back to Spain. In 2008, Gerard signed a contract with Barcelona, with a 50 million Euro buy-out clause. He has been dating Shakira since 2010.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Manchester United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||0||0||1||0||1||0||1||0||3||0
|-
|2005/06||3||0||2||0||2||0||0||0||7||0

|-
|2006/07||Real Zaragoza||La Liga||22||2||4||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||26||3

|-
|2007/08||Manchester United||Premier League||9||0||0||0||1||0||3||2||13||2

|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Barcelona||rowspan="2"|La Liga||25||1||6||1||colspan="2"|-||14||1||45||3
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
12||0||3||0||4||0||4||2||23||2
47||3||10||2||colspan="2"|-||14||1||71||6
59||3||13||2||4||0||18||3||94||8
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2009||13||4
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||13||4
|}

References 

1987 births
Living people
Manchester United F.C. players
Spanish footballers
Sportspeople from Barcelona
Osamu Umeyama (born 16 August 1973) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|NKK||rowspan="2"|Football League||8||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||8||0
|-
|1993||10||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||11||0
|-
|1994||Fujieda Blux||Football League||24||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|-
|1995||Fukuoka Blux||Football League||24||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Avispa Fukuoka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||13||0||1||0||2||0||16||0
|-
|1997||25||0||3||0||1||0||29||0
|-
|1998||Tokyo Gas||Football League||19||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Tokyo||J. League 2||32||0||4||0||7||0||43||0
|-
|2000||J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2000||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||9||0||2||0||4||0||15||0
|-
|2001||Tokyo||J. League 1||3||0||1||0||2||0||6||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||40||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||44||0
|-
|2003||35||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||35||0
|-
|2004||rowspan="3"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||7||0||0||0||4||0||11||0
|-
|2005||15||0||0||0||0||0||15||0
|-
|2006||24||0||0||0||3||0||27||0
289||0||18||0||23||0||330||0
289||0||18||0||23||0||330||0
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Takanori Nunobe (born 23 September 1973) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|1996||8||0||2||0||11||5||21||5
|-
|1997||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||Júbilo Iwata||J. League 1||11||2||2||0||4||0||17||2
|-
|1998||rowspan="4"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||31||2||2||1||4||0||37||3
|-
|1999||29||2||1||0||2||1||32||3
|-
|2000||30||6||4||0||4||2||38||8
|-
|2001||15||1||0||0||4||2||19||3
|-
|2001||rowspan="5"|Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||7||0||1||0||0||0||8||0
|-
|2002||J. League 2||34||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||38||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||26||3||5||0||4||1||35||4
|-
|2004||28||0||1||0||5||0||34||0
|-
|2005||24||1||2||0||7||0||33||1
|-
|2006||rowspan="3"|Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 1||22||3||0||0||4||0||26||3
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||44||7||2||0||colspan="2"|-||46||7
|-
|2008||32||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||33||1
344||28||27||1||49||11||420||40
344||28||27||1||49||11||420||40
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
Pauleta (born 28 April 1973) is a former Portuguese football player. He has played for Portugal national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1994/95||União Micaelense||||23||11||||||||||||||23||11
|-
|1995/96||Estoril-Praia||Liga Honra||30||19||||||||||||||30||19

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="2"|Salamanca||Segunda División||37||19||||||||||||||37||19
|-
|1997/98||La Liga||34||15||||||||||||||34||15
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Deportivo La Coruña||rowspan="2"|La Liga||28||10||3||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||11
|-
|1999/00||30||8||3||0||colspan="2"|-||5||3||38||11

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Girondins Bordeaux||rowspan="2"|Division 1||28||20||1||3||1||0||7||3||37||26
|-
|2001/02||33||22||2||4||4||4||6||5||45||35
|-
|2002/03||Ligue 1||37||23||5||5||2||1||4||1||48||30
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="5"|Paris Saint-Germain||rowspan="5"|Ligue 1||37||18||6||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||43||23
|-
|2004/05||35||14||3||4||0||0||6||1||45||19
|-
|2005/06||36||21||6||5||2||2||colspan="2"|-||44||28
|-
|2006/07||33||15||3||1||1||2||9||6||46||24
|-
|2007/08||27||8||2||1||5||6||colspan="2"|-||34||15
53||30||||||||||||||||
129||52||6||1||colspan="2"|-||5||3||140||56
266||141||28||28||15||15||32||16||341||200
448||223||34||29||15||15||37||19||534||286
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1997||3||0
|-
|1998||1||0
|-
|1999||7||3
|-
|2000||9||2
|-
|2001||10||7
|-
|2002||11||7
|-
|2003||12||8
|-
|2004||14||9
|-
|2005||12||7
|-
|2006||9||4
|-
!Total||88||47
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
Milan Kundera (, born 1 April 1929) is a writer who was born in Czechoslovakia and writes mainly in the Czech and French languages. He is best known as the writer of The Unbearable Lightness of Being, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting, and Identity. The sale of his books in his home country was forbidden until the fall of communism in Czechoslovakia in 1989. Kundera has lived in France since 1975.

Writing

A number of Kundera's novels appear to criticise totalitarianism and the impact of totalitarianism on art.

Bibliography

Poetry

 Man: A Wide Garden (Člověk zahrada širá)  (1953)
 The Last May (Poslední máj) (1961) – celebration of Julius Fučík
 Monologues (Monology) (1965)

Essays

 About the Disputes of Inheritance (1955)
 The Art of the Novel: Vladislav Vančura's Path to the Great Epic (Umění románu: Cesta Vladislava Vančury za velkou epikou) (1960)
 The Czech Deal (Český úděl) (1968)
 Radicalism and Exhibitionism (Radikalismus a exhibicionismus) (1969)
 The Stolen West or The Tragedy of Central Europe (Únos západu aneb Tragédie střední Evropy) (1983)
 The Art of the Novel (L'art du Roman) (1986)
 Testaments Betrayed (Les testaments trahis) (1992)
 D'en bas tu humeras les roses (rare book in French, illustrated by Ernest Breleur) (1993)
 The Curtain (Le Rideau) (2005)
 Kastrující stín svatého Garty (Czech translation of part of Les testaments trahis) (2006)
 Une Recontre (2009)

Drama

 The Owner of the Keys (Majitelé klíčů) (1962)
 Two Ears, Two Weddings (Dvě uši, dvě svatby) (1968)
 The Blunder (Ptákovina) (1969)
 Jacques and His Master (Jakub a jeho pán: Pocta Denisu Diderotovi) (1971)

Fiction

 The Joke  (Žert) (1967)
 Laughable Loves (Směšné lásky) (1969)
 The Farewell Waltz (Valčík na rozloučenou) (Original translation title: The Farewell Party) (1972)
 Life Is Elsewhere (Život je jinde) (1973)
 The Book of Laughter and Forgetting (Kniha smíchu a zapomnění) (1978)
 The Unbearable Lightness of Being (Nesnesitelná lehkost bytí) (1984)
 Immortality  (Nesmrtelnost) (1990)
 Slowness  (La Lenteur) (1993)
 Identity  (L'Identité) (1998)
 Ignorance (Milan Kundera)|Ignorance (L'Ignorance) (2000)

References 

Czechoslovak writers
1929 births
Living people
Ian Wallace (born 10 July 1919; died 12 October 2009 in London) was a British bass-baritone opera and concert singer, actor and entertainer.

Wallace was born in London and went to school at Charterhouse.  He soon became known at school as someone who was good at making people laugh.  He learned to sing lots of songs and accompanied himself on the banjolele.

When he wanted to study at university he applied for a choral scholarship at King’s College, Cambridge, but he was not offered a place there, so he went to Trinity Hall.  There he studied law and was known for the jokes that he played on people.  He also had singing lessons.

Wallace wanted to go into music theatre, but the war broke out and he joined the army.  Then he was ill with tuberculosis, but it did not stop him from singing to the people in the hospital.

He took a long time to get better.  Gradually he started working in music theatre and then he got a chance to sing in opera.  His voice was a bass baritone.  He sang with the New London Opera Company in operas such as La bohème and The Barber of Seville.  From 1948 to 1961, he regularly sang at Glyndebourne.  He usually sang comic parts (known as “buffo roles).    

In 1948 he married Patricia Black.  It was a long and happy marriage.  The couple adopted two children. 

The Glyndebourne season took place in the summer, so he had plenty of time to do other things the rest of the year.  He sang in operas in the BBC studios and often appeared in pantomimes.  Then he started to take part in a radio programme called “My Music”.  Together with Frank Muir, Dennis Norden, David Franklin and Steve Race  he made this programme extremely popular.  It was a kind of lighthearted quiz programme with lots of stories and laughter.  Wallace was particularly known for singing a song called “The Hippopotamus” by Flanders and Swann.

Wallace continued to sing in opera in the mid-1960s.  He sang the roles of Leporello (in Don Giovanni) and Pistol (in Verdi’s Falstaff).   He acted on television and in films and appeared at many charity events.  He was always very cheerful and friendly and he was liked by a lot of people.

He wrote two autobiographies: Promise Me You'll Sing Mud and Nothing Quite Like It.

References
Ian Wallace- Obituary: The Independent 15 October 2009 p.38

1919 births
2009 deaths
Actors from London
Bass-baritones
British autobiographers
English stage actors
Singers from London
Photopsins are chemical proteins within the cone cell receptors of the eyes. They recognize colors. They are also known as iodopsins. Rod cells have other opsins.

Physiology
Telus (TSX: T, T.A; NYSE: TU) is a Canadian company that provides phone, internet, television, and cellular phone service. They are a very large company, one of the largest telecommunication companies in Canada. Telus logo is stylized as TELUS. Telus' head office is in Burnaby, British Columbia.

History 

Telus was made from a merger of BCTel, the main phone company in British Columbia and Alberta Government Telephones, better known as AGT. AGT was owned by the government of Alberta. AGT wanted to separate from the government and formed a company called Telus in 1990. After that, they combined with BCTel to form the current Telus company in 1999. That remaining Telus company purchased Clearnet Communications, a cell phone company. Clearnet gave them the current style of their advertising, including the slogan «The future is friendly». Telus uses colorful animals to advertise their services.

Services 

Telus has cell phone, internet, phone and telephone services. They have a CDMA network for most of their cell phones, but on November 5th, 2009, they started up a new HSPA network, similar to Rogers cell phone network. They have started this with Bell. It allows a very large selection of cell phones.

They have television and internet service based on ADSL service. Telus is the major landline telephone service provider for British Columbia and Alberta.

References

Other websites 
 Official Telus Website
 Bravo Telecom

Telephone companies
Technology companies of Canada
Brandon Roy (born July 23, 1984 in Seattle, Washington) is a retired professional basketball player. He played for the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 2006 to 2011. He won the NBA Rookie of the Year Award in 2007, and was chosen as an All Star in 2008, 2009, and 2010.

Roy played college basketball for four years at the University of Washington. The Minnesota Timberwolves chose him with the sixth pick in the 2006 NBA Draft, but traded him to the Trail Blazers later that night.

On December 9, 2011, Roy said that he would retire from basketball because of knee problems.

Other websites
Brandon Roy on NBA.com

References

1984 births
African-American basketball players
Living people
Portland Trail Blazers players
Sportspeople from Seattle, Washington
American basketball players
Alexander Mikhaylovich Ovechkin (born September 17, 1985) is a Russian professional ice hockey left winger. He plays for the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League (NHL) and serves as their captain.

Ovechkin was picked first overall in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He also played for the Dynamo Moscow of the RSL from 2001 to 2005 and again in 2012 because of the 2012-13 NHL lockout.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs
Bold indicates led league

International

References

Other websites
 

1985 births
Art Ross Trophy winners
Calder Trophy winners
Conn Smythe Trophy winners
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Living people
Rocket Richard Trophy winners
Russian ice hockey players
Sportspeople from Moscow
Stanley Cup champions
Washington Capitals players
The WWE European Championship is a former championship for World Wrestling Entertainment. It was first established as the 'WWF European Championship'. The first and longest reigning champion, The British Bulldog became the first Champion after winning a tournament that was held over several shows in Germany, culminating in a finals victory over Owen Hart. When Shawn Michaels won the belt, it made him the first Grand Slam Champion in WWE. Michaels was and still is the only wrestler to have held both the WWF Championship and the European title at the same time. The title was on a brief hiatus in 1999 due to then-champion Shane McMahon's wanting to retire an "undefeated champion". The WWE European Championship was retired in a ladder match on July 22, 2002 when Rob Van Dam put his WWE Intercontinental Championship on the line, along with Jeff Hardy's European Championship in a winner-take-all type match. When RVD won the match he merged the two titles together, and continued to hold the Intercontinental Title. RVD's title reign is not listed in the official European title history on WWE's official website, and therefore he is not credited with being a Eurocontinental Champion, but is mentioned in RVD's profile.

World Wrestling Entertainment championships
1997 establishments
2002 disestablishments
The Transgender Pride flag was made by a woman named Monica Helms, and was first seen at a pride parade in Phoenix, Arizona, United States in 2000.

The flag is a symbol of the transgender group and is made up of five stripes that go straight across from left to right. Two light blue stripes, two pink stripes, with a white stripe in the center.

References

Transgender
Flags
Christian Corrêa Dionisio (born 23 April 1975) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Portuguesa Desportos.

Club career statistics

|-
|1993/94||Marítimo||Portuguese Liga||13||3
|-
|1994/95||Estoril-Praia||Liga Honra||7||0
|-
|1995/96||Farense||Portuguese Liga||30||4

|-
|1996||rowspan="4"|Internacional||rowspan="4"|Série A||1||0
|-
|1997||26||24
|-
|1998||20||12
|-
|1999||3||2

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Paris Saint-Germain||rowspan="2"|Division 1||29||16
|-
|2000/01||24||4
|-
|2001/02||Girondins Bordeaux||Division 1||18||2

|-
|2002||Palmeiras||Série A||19||8

|-
|2002/03||Galatasaray||Süper Lig||11||3

|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|Grêmio||rowspan="2"|Série A||28||10
|-
|2004||34||15

|-
|2005||Omiya Ardija||J. League 1||15||6

|-
|2005||São Paulo||Série A||20||8
|-
|2006||Botafogo||Série A||4||1
|-
|2006||Juventude||Série A||28||11
|-
|2007||Internacional||Série A||19||4
|-
|2008||Portuguesa Desportos||Série A||5||1

|-
|2008/09||Pachuca||Primera División||13||3

|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Portuguesa Desportos||rowspan="2"|Série B||10||1
|-
|2009/10||||
50||7
217||97
71||22
11||3
15||6
13||3
377||138
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1997||2||0
|-
|1998||2||0
|-
|1999||6||0
|-
|2000||0||0
|-
|2001||1||0
|-
!Total||11||0
|}

References

1975 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
People from Porto Alegre
Haruki Seto (born 14 March 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Geylang United.

Club career statistics

|-
|1996||rowspan="3"|Yokohama Flügels||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||7||0||1||0||1||0||9||0
|-
|1998||20||0||3||0||4||1||27||1
|-
|1999||Albirex Niigata||J. League 2||36||5||3||1||2||0||41||6
|-
|2000||Oita Trinita||J. League 2||21||1||2||1||2||0||25||2
|-
|2001||Consadole Sapporo||J. League 1||2||0||0||0||2||0||4||0
|-
|2001||Gamba Osaka||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Oita Trinita||J. League 2||24||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||28||1
|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||14||0||1||0||3||0||18||0
|-
|2004||17||0||1||0||5||0||23||0
|-
|2005||JEF United Ichihara Chiba||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2006||Kashiwa Reysol||J. League 2||6||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|2007||YKK AP||Football League||6||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||0

|-
|2008||Balestier Khalsa||S. League||30||3||1||0||6||0||37||3
|-
|2009||Geylang United||S. League||||||||||||||||
153||7||15||2||19||1||187||10
30||3||1||0||6||0||37||3
183||10||16||2||25||1||224||13
|}

References

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Toyama Prefecture
Insane Clown Posse are an American hip-hop/Horrorcore group from Detroit, Michigan. The group consists of two members: Shaggy 2 Dope and Violent J. They formerly had two other members John Kickjazz whose real name is John Utsler and Greez-E whose real name is Kalyn Garcia but they left the band later on.

The band is known for spraying their fans with the soda, Faygo during their concerts. In one incident a man sued Violent J for throwing a bottle of Faygo at him during a concert in 2007

Insane Clown Posse and Horrorcore followers are usually known as Juggalos (male) and Juggalettes (female).

Insane Clown Posse have feuded with Eminem in the past but in an interview with Violent J he said that the feud had ended.

They have formed a professional wrestling company called Juggalo Championship Wrestling which they founded in 1999.

Albums

References

Websites 
Insane Clown Posse's Official website

Musical groups established in 1991
 
Musical groups from Detroit, Michigan
Hip hop bands
The attic is the highest part of a house, it is directly below the roof. It is sometimes used as storage. Some people have "loft conversions" (change the attic into a room people can use) so that they can sleep in it. Attics can be hard to reach, which is why many of them are not used. They can help keep the temperature of the house stable.

Origin
The word "attic" derived from the Attica region in Greece. It comes from the Attic style architecture.

References

Other websites

Construction
6teen was an American-Canadian-French animated television series produced by Nelvana, Fresh TV and Cartoon Network Studios.  The show was about six sixteen-year-old friends and followed them in their first part-time jobs and teenage lives. The series premiered airs at 4:00 p.m. ET/PT times on November 7, 2004 on Cartoon Network in the United States.

The show had 95 episodes, 2 45-minute-long specials and a total of 4 season.

Cast
Irene Bedard as Jen Masterson
Rob Paulsen as Jonesy Garcia
Elizabeth Daily as Caitlin Cooke
Jess Harnell as Wyatt Williams
Kristen Schaal as Nikki Wong
Greg Cipes as Jude Lizowski

References

Other websites
Official website

Channel Links

2004 American television series debuts
2010 television series endings
2000s American animated television series
Canadian animated television series
French television series
Animated television series
2004 establishments in Europe
2010 disestablishments in the United States
2010s disestablishments in Canada
2010 disestablishments in Europe
21st-century disestablishments in France
English-language television programs
A Wavelet is a mathematical function used to write down a function or signal in terms of other functions that are simpler to study. Many signal processing tasks can be seen in terms of a wavelet transform. Informally speaking, the signal can be seen under the lens with a magnification given by the scale of the wavelet. In doing so, we can see only the information that is determined by the shape of the wavelet used.

The English term "wavelet" was introduced in the early 1980s by French physicists Jean Morlet and Alex Grossman.
They used the French word "ondelette" (which means "small wave").
Later, this word was brought into English by translating "onde" into "wave" giving "wavelet".

Wavelet is (complex) function from the Hilbert space . For practical applications it should satisfy following conditions.

It must have finite energy.

It must satisfy an admissibility condition.
, where  is a Fourier transform of 

Zero mean condition implies from admissibility condition.

The function  is called mother wavelet. Its translated (shifted) and dilated (scaled) normalized versions are defined as following.

Original mother wavelet has parameters  and . Translation is described by  parameter and dilatation by  parameter.

Algebra
Rodney Agatupu Anoa'i (October 2, 1966 – October 23, 2000) was a professional wrestler. He is best known for wrestling for the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Yokozuna. He is a member of the famous Anoa'i family, The Rock, Rikishi, Samu, Rosey, Manu, and Umaga were his cousins. He was a two time WWF Champion and two-time Tag Team Champion and also won the 1993 Royal Rumble.

On March 31, 2012, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Jimmy and Jey Uso and Rikishi.

Death
On October 23, 2000, Anoa'i died at the age of 34 from pulmonary edema in his room at the Moat House Hotel in Liverpool, England while touring for an independent wrestling show. At the time, it was reported that he died of heart failure or a heart attack but this was found to be incorrect because his lungs showed severe signs of blockage due to fluid. He is buried in Green Hills Memorial Park in California.

Championships
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 PWI Most Improved Wrestler of the Year (1993)
 He was ranked #5 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1993.
 He was ranked #145 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003.
 Universal Wrestling Association
 UWA World Trios Championship (one time) (with Fatu and Samoan Savage)
 World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment
 WWF Championship (two times)
 WWF World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Owen Hart)
 Royal Rumble (1993)
 WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2012)

References

Other websites 
 WWE profile

1966 births
2000 deaths
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from San Francisco
WWE Hall of Fame
Actors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Superfluidity is a state of matter where fluid or a liquid can act very strangely.

Some of the things a superfluid can do are:

It can flow extremely easily. (How easily a liquid can flow is called its viscosity.) In fact, it flows so easily that friction does not change the way it flows; it has zero viscosity. Because of this, it can actually flow out of a container, like a bowl, even when the bowl is not tipped so the liquid can spill out.
It stays still when its container is spun, instead of starting a whirlpool like when a sink full of water is drained. However, a whirlpool does form if the container is spun at and above a certain speed.

So far, scientists have only been able to create superfluids at extremely cold temperatures. However, superfluids have quite a few uses in science today, like:

Superfluid Helium at -271.4 degrees Celsius [-456.2 degrees Fahrenheit] was used in a special satellite in 1983 to get information on infrared waves in space.
Superfluids can be used in gyroscopes, to help machines predict information about gravity movements that can't be picked up with regular instruments only.
One kind of superfluid was used to trap and slow down a beam of light from  its normal speed of 670,600,000 mph (1,079,000,000 km/h) to only 38.03 mph (62.2 km/h) That means the beam of light was moving at .00000567104 % of its speed in a vacuum, or 17 million times slower.

There is also another state of matter called a supersolid, although how they are formed is more complex.

Related pages 
Fluid mechanics

Physics
A princely state (also called a native state or Indian state) was a state within the former British Indian Empire where a native Indian sovereign came under subordinate alliance with  the British via a treaty. Such treaties allowed for what was termed British Paramountcy as opposed to sovereignty over the native states. The peoples of these native states were officially not considered subjects of the British Indian Empire but rather as subjects of their native monarch. For the purposes of travel the term used on the passports of subjects of Native sovereigns was "British protected person". As according to treaty with the empire the native ruler had surrendered the subject of foreign affairs, such states could not have direct relations with other states without British approval. 

From time to time, however, often for the purposes of its own security, the British Indian Empire
would interfere in the internal affairs of even the first class states in violation of the treaties made with them. Such interference was met by both public and formal protests buy native rulers and their subjects and was considered as an "encroachment on a native states sovereignty" by the empire.

The rulers of these states held various titles: e.g. raja (a Hindu ruling prince); maharaja (a greater Hindu ruling prince); nawab (a Muslim ruling prince such as the Nawab of Awadh); nizam, the title of the Nizam of Hyderabad. About 118 of the 565 princely states existing in 1947 were considered first class sovereign states and had state governments of their own and only five were large states (Hyderabad (Princely state), Mysore, Kashmir and Jammu, and Baroda). Of these three became part of the dominion of India while the status of Jammu and Kashmir was disputed.     

 

British India
A Wookiee is a fictional race of aliens from the Star Wars series of movies. Their home planet is Kashyyyk. The best known Wookiee character is Chewbacca.

Origin 
When George Lucas was developing fictional characters for Star Wars, he named Chewbacca after his dog, Chewbacca. The name "Wookiee" came from an ad lib in Lucas's first feature movie, THX 1138. The line was "I think I ran over a Wookiee back there."

Features
On Kashyyyk wookiees build their houses in mile-high trees. They have long arms and legs so they can climb the trees. Chewbacca is over seven feet tall and over 200 years old. By nature they are gentle and intelligent creatures. When angered they can pull a man's arms out of their sockets. Wookiees have a great sense of smell. They are fully covered with a thick coat of hair. Wookiees prize loyalty and bravery above all else.

Language 
The Wookiee language is Shyriiwook. Wookiees are capable of understanding English but cannot speak it. In the original Star Wars trilogy Chewbacca showed he could understand humans. His human partner, Han Solo, also shows knowledge of Shyriiwook. In the Star Wars expanded universe books, Chewbacca builds a miniature translator droid ("Em Teedee") for his nephew Lowbacca. When Lowbacca begins training as a Jedi the droid helped him communicate with his fellow students.

References

Other websites 

 Wookiee translator 
 Wookiee, Star Wars Combine

Fictional animals
Fictional characters introduced in 1977
Star Wars species
Monte Plata is a Dominican city and head municipality of the Monte Plata province.

The town was founded with people from Monte Cristi and Puerto Plata; they took the words "Monte" from the first town and "Plata" from the second town to form the name of the new town: "Monte Plata".

History
The city was founded in 1606 when the Spanish Governor Antonio Osorio destroyed, by orders of King Phillip III of Spain, the towns of Monte Cristi and Puerto Plata. The people and the cattle were moved to a new town that was given the name of Monte Plata to remember those two towns that were destroyed.

When the province of Monte Plata was created in 1982, the city was made the head municipality of this province.

Population
The municipality had, in , a total population of 26,192: 13,288 men and 12,904 women. The urban population was  of the total population.

Geography
Monte Plata is located in the northwestern part of the Llano Costero del Caribe (in English, "Caribbean Coastal Plain"), a large prairie with many important savannas.

The Sierra de Yamasá is found to the northeast of the municipality. Los Haitises is a karst region with many small hills; it is to the northwest of Monte Plata.

It has a total area of  and has three municipal districts (a municipal district is a subdivision of a municipality); these are Boyá, Chirino and Don Juan.

The altitude of the city of Monte Plata is  above sea level.

The municipality of Monte Plata has the municipality of Sabana Grande de Boyá to the north, the municipality of Bayaguana to the east, the Santo Domingo province to the south and the municipality of Yamasá to the west.

Climate
Monte Plata has a tropical wet climate (Köppen-Geiger classification: Af) with no dry or cold season as it is constantly moist (rainfalls during the whole year).

The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . The month with the most precipitation on average is August with  of rainfall, followed by May with .

The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is January with an average of  followed by December with an average of .

Monte Plata is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

Administrative division
The municipality of Monte Plata has three municipal districts:

Economy
Because there are many savannas, and by its history, the most important economic activity in the municipality is cattle raising is also important, mainly for milk.

Farming is also an important activity. Some crops are sugar cane and fruits like orange.

References

Settlements in the Dominican Republic
1606 establishments
1600s establishments in North America
17th-century establishments in the Spanish Empire