cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Backward compatibility refers to hardware or software that can successfully use interfaces and data from earlier versions of the system or with other systems. For example, Perl, the scripting language, was designed to be backward compatible with awk, an earlier language that Perl was designed to replace.

Backward compatibility is more easily accomplished if the previous versions have been designed to be forward compatible, or extensible, with built-in features such as hooks, plug-in, or an application program interface (API) that allows the addition of new features.

The term backward combatible (notice the "b") is sometimes used to describe hardware or software that is designed without regard for compatibility with earlier versions, causing the two versions to fight (or combat) each other. In this case, the two versions cannot share data easily and may have features that cause errors or crashes when they are installed on the same computer, often because the computer does not understand which version is being referred to. Even if the earlier version is removed, remaining vestiges of it may cause problems in running the newer version.

Computers
This article describes any leap year starting on Tuesday. Examples include 1924, 1952, 1980, 2008, 2036, 2064, and 2092 in the Gregorian calendar, which is used in most of the world.

In this leap year, Martin Luther King Jr. Day is on its latest possible date, January 21, Valentine’s Day is on a Thursday, Presidents Day is on February 18, the leap day, February 29, is on a Friday, St. Patrick’s Day is on a Monday, Mother’s Day is on May 11, Memorial Day is on May 26, Father’s Day is on its earliest possible date, June 15, Independence Day is on a Friday, Labor Day is on its earliest possible date, September 1, Columbus Day is on October 13, Halloween is on a Friday, Veterans Day is on a Tuesday, Thanksgiving is on November 27, and Christmas is on a Thursday.

This leap year is one of three leap years to have only one Friday the 13th, the others being Leap year starting on Friday and Leap year starting on Saturday. The Friday the 13th in this leap year is in June. This characteristic is shared with Common Years Starting on Wednesday.

Calendar

Leap years by day
Woolly monkeys are named for their thick woolly coats. They are New World monkeys, and are found in forests along the Amazon River, and in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Unlike other monkeys, woolly monkeys are most likely to be found on the ground. They move much more slowly than other monkeys do, too.

Food and habits 
Woolly monkeys eat fruit, flowers, and leaves. They are quite tame, and they live in groups or bands of 10 to 30 monkeys. When frightened, woolly monkeys tend to swing through tree branches and hide. They are friendly and are often seen in the company of other kind of monkeys. When they walk on the ground, they stand straight up, and use their tails for support. They are quite harmless creatures.

References 

New World monkeys
is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Kakitani was born in Osaka on January 3, 1990. He joined J1 League club Cerezo Osaka from their youth team in 2006. However Cerezo was relegated to J2 League end of the 2006 season. He played many matches from 2007. In June 2009, he moved to Tokushima Vortis on loan. He played as regular player until the 2011 season. In 2012, he returned to Cerezo which playing in J1. In 2013, he scored 21 goals and was selected Best Eleven award. In July 2014, he moved to Swiss Super League club Basel. In January 2016, he returned to Cerezo which playing in J2. Cerezo was promoted to J1 from 2017. In 2017, Cerezo won the champions in the J.League Cup and Emperor's Cup. In 2021, he moved to Nagoya Grampus.

In July 2013, Kakitani was selected the Japan national team for 2013 East Asian Cup. At this tournament, he debuted and scored a goal against China on July 21. In 2014, he also played at 2014 World Cup. He played 18 games and scored 5 goals for Japan until 2014.

Statistics

|-
|2006||rowspan="4"|Cerezo Osaka||J1 League||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="3"|J2 League||21||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||2
|-
|2008||24||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||0
|-
|2009||6||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||2
|-
|2009||rowspan="3"|Tokushima Vortis||rowspan="3"|J2 League||27||4||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||4
|-
|2010||34||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||36||4
|-
|2011||36||6||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||37||6
|-
|2012||rowspan="3"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="3"|J1 League||30||11||3||1||7||5||colspan="2"|-||40||17
|-
|2013||34||21||0||0||8||3||colspan="2"|-||42||24
|-
|2014||14||1||0||0||0||0||8||4||22||5

|-
|2014/15||rowspan="2"|Basel||rowspan="2"|Super League||14||3||3||4||colspan="2"|-||3||0||20||7
|-
|2015/16||4||1||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||9||1

|-
|2016||rowspan="5"|Cerezo Osaka||J2 League||20||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||5
|-
|2017||rowspan="4"|J1 League||34||6||3||1||5||1||colspan="2"|-||42||8
|-
|2018||21||4||2||0||2||0||3||1||28||5
|-
|2019||23||3||3||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||30||4
|-
|2020||24||1||colspan="2"|-||4||1||colspan="2"|-||28||2
|-
|2019||Cerezo Osaka U-23||J3 League||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2021||Nagoya Grampus||J1 League||||||||||||||||||||
350||70||16||3||30||10||11||5||407||88
18||4||8||4||colspan="2"|-||3||0||29||8
368||74||24||7||30||10||14||5||436||96
|}

|-
|2013||9||4
|-
|2014||9||1
|-
!Total||18||5
|}

References

Other websites

1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
Cerezo Osaka players
Cerezo Osaka U-23 players
Tokushima Vortis players
Nagoya Grampus players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Naoto Matsuo (born 10 September 1979) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Shonan Bellmare.

Club career statistics

|-
|1998||rowspan="4"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||16||0||0||0||2||1||18||1
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||4||0||4||1||2||0||10||1
|-
|2001||25||2||1||0||3||0||29||2
|-
|2002||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2003||12||0||3||0||3||0||18||0
|-
|2004||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2004||Albirex Niigata||J. League 1||11||1||1||0||2||0||14||1
|-
|2005||Vissel Kobe||J. League 1||12||1||0||0||5||0||17||1
|-
|2006||Tokyo||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="3"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||20||0||0||0||2||0||22||0
|-
|2008||30||1||0||0||6||0||36||1
|-
|2009||13||1||2||0||5||0||20||1
|-
|2010||Shonan Bellmare||J. League 1||||||||||||||||
145||6||11||1||30||1||186||8
145||6||11||1||30||1||186||8
|}

References

1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Wakayama Prefecture
Roberto Néstor Sensini (born 12 October 1966) is a former Argentine football player. He has played for Argentina national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1986/87||rowspan="3"|Newell's Old Boys||rowspan="3"|Primera División||10||0
|-
|1987/88||38||2
|-
|1988/89||26||0

|-
|1989/90||rowspan="5"|Udinese||Serie A||32||2
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Serie B||36||4
|-
|1991/92||36||2
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="2"|Serie A||33||1
|-
|1993/94||11||0
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="6"|Parma||rowspan="6"|Serie A||20||0
|-
|1994/95||24||2
|-
|1995/96||21||2
|-
|1996/97||31||1
|-
|1997/98||24||5
|-
|1998/99||26||1
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Lazio||rowspan="2"|Serie A||23||1
|-
|2000/01||1||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Parma||rowspan="2"|Serie A||18||0
|-
|2001/02||16||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="4"|Udinese||rowspan="4"|Serie A||31||3
|-
|2003/04||25||2
|-
|2004/05||21||1
|-
|2005/06||14||1
74||2
443||28
517||30
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1987||||
|-
|1988||||
|-
|1989||9||0
|-
|1990||6||0
|-
|1991||0||0
|-
|1992||0||0
|-
|1993||0||0
|-
|1994||7||0
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||4||0
|-
|1997||9||0
|-
|1998||8||0
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||9||0
|-
!Total||60||0
|}

References

1966 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
Argentine football managers
Frode Johnsen (born 17 March 1974) is a Norwegian football player. He plays for Shimizu S-Pulse.

Club career statistics

|-
|1993||rowspan="8"|Odd Grenland||||2||0||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1994||||1||0||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1995||||16||1||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||16||1
|-
|1996||||23||3||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||23||3
|-
|1997||||27||3||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||27||3
|-
|1998||||26||8||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||26||8
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Premier League||25||9||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||9
|-
|2000||10||3||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||10||3
|-
|2000||rowspan="7"|Rosenborg||rowspan="7"|Premier League||15||9||1||0||colspan="2"|-||12||6||28||15
|-
|2001||25||17||3||3||colspan="2"|-||7||1||35||21
|-
|2002||17||7||3||0||colspan="2"|-||8||2||28||9
|-
|2003||26||15||7||11||colspan="2"|-||9||2||42||28
|-
|2004||26||19||5||6||colspan="2"|-||20||7||51||32
|-
|2005||23||6||2||4||colspan="2"|-||10||0||35||10
|-
|2006||13||6||2||3||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||9

|-
|2006||rowspan="3"|Nagoya Grampus Eight||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||17||10||2||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||12
|-
|2007||26||13||2||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||30||14
|-
|2008||34||12||3||2||6||2||colspan="2"|-||43||16
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||33||9||4||1||8||2||colspan="2"|-||45||12
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
275||106||23||27||colspan="2"|-||66||18||364||151
110||44||11||5||16||5||colspan="2"|-||137||54
385||150||34||32||16||5||66||18||501||205
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||5||3
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
|2003||9||0
|-
|2004||10||3
|-
|2005||4||2
|-
|2006||3||2
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
!Total||34||10
|}

References
Shimizu S-Pulse 

1974 births
Living people
Norwegian footballers
Lee Eul-Yong (born 8 September 1975) is a South Korean professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korean national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1998||rowspan="5"|Bucheon SK||rowspan="5"|K-League||14||3||||||19||0||colspan="2"|-||33||3
|-
|1999||17||1||||||8||0||colspan="2"|-||25||1
|-
|2000||27||5||||||10||0||colspan="2"|-||37||5
|-
|2001||26||2||||||0||0||colspan="2"|-||26||2
|-
|2002||6||0||||||1||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0

|-
|2002/03||Trabzonspor||Süper Lig||19||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||21||0

|-
|2003||Anyang LG Cheetahs||K-League||17||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2004||Seoul||K-League||10||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Trabzonspor||rowspan="2"|Süper Lig||26||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||32||0
|-
|2005/06||29||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||34||1

|-
|2006||rowspan="3"|Seoul||rowspan="3"|K-League||14||0||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|-
|2007||22||0||2||0||8||1||colspan="2"|-||32||1
|-
|2008||21||0||0||0||9||0||colspan="2"|-||30||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Gangwon||rowspan="2"|K-League||22||0||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|-
|2009||||||||||||||||||||
196||11||6||0||56||1||colspan="2"|-||258||12
74||1||8||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0||87||1
270||12||14||0||56||1||5||0||345||13
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1999||1||0
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||7||0
|-
|2002||16||1
|-
|2003||12||1
|-
|2004||6||0
|-
|2005||1||0
|-
|2006||7||1
|-
!Total||51||3
|}

References

1975 births
Living people
South Korean footballers
South Korean football managers
Rodolfo Arruabarrena (born 20 July 1975) is a former Argentine football player. He has played for Argentina national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="4"|Boca Juniors||rowspan="4"|Primera División||1||0
|-
|1993/94||1||0
|-
|1994/95||20||0
|-
|1995/96||8||0
|-
|1996/97||Rosario Central||Primera División||15||0
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Boca Juniors||rowspan="4"|Primera División||12||0
|-
|1997/98||35||6
|-
|1998/99||36||3
|-
|1999/00||33||2

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="7"|Villarreal||rowspan="7"|La Liga||37||2
|-
|2001/02||36||6
|-
|2002/03||32||0
|-
|2003/04||34||2
|-
|2004/05||26||0
|-
|2005/06||33||0
|-
|2006/07||21||1

|-
|2007/08||AEK Athens||Super League||16||0

|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Tigre||rowspan="2"|Primera División||36||1
|-
|2009/10||||
197||12
219||11
16||0
432||23
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1994||3||0
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||0||0
|-
|1997||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||0||0
|-
|2005||0||0
|-
|2006||1||0
|-
!Total||6||0
|}

References 

1975 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
Elías Figueroa (born 25 October 1946) is a former Chilean football player. He has played for Chile national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1964||Unión La Calera||Primera División||30||0
|-
|1965||rowspan="2"|Santiago Wanderers||rowspan="2"|Primera División||30||0
|-
|1966||24||0

|-
|1967||rowspan="5"|Peñarol||rowspan="5"|Primera División||||
|-
|1968||||
|-
|1969||||
|-
|1970||||
|-
|1971||||

|-
|1971||rowspan="6"|Internacional||rowspan="6"|Série A||3||0
|-
|1972||26||1
|-
|1973||40||2
|-
|1974||23||1
|-
|1975||25||3
|-
|1976||22||1

|-
|1977||rowspan="4"|Palestino||rowspan="4"|Primera División||34||1
|-
|1978||33||3
|-
|1979||24||1
|-
|1980||27||1

|-
|1981||Fort Lauderdale Strikers||NASL||22||0

|-
|1982||Colo-Colo||Primera División||17||0
219||6
||
139||8
22||0
380||14
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1966||||
|-
|1967||||
|-
|1968||||
|-
|1969||||
|-
|1970||||
|-
|1971||||
|-
|1972||||
|-
|1973||||
|-
|1974||5||0
|-
|1975||0||0
|-
|1976||0||0
|-
|1977||5||2
|-
|1978||0||0
|-
|1979||8||1
|-
|1980||2||0
|-
|1981||2||0
|-
|1982||7||0
|-
!Total||47||2
|}

References

1946 births
Living people
Chilean footballers
People from Valparaíso
The Manchester code is a binary encoding which also encodes the clock signal. This is very useful, because an external clock signal is no longer needed. A sequence of bits modulates the phase of the signal. This is a form of Phase shift keying, often shortened to PSK.

Otherwise put, the information about the signal is in its signal flanks, that is when the signal changes.

Manchester codes are widely used, for example for Ethernet or for RFID.

Representation 
There are two ways to represent a Manchester code:
 A falling signal flank represents a logical 1 and ascending flank is a logical 0. This is the original definition given by G.E. Thomas
 A falling signal flank is a logical 0, the ascending one a logical 1. This is the definition used by the original Ethernet standard.

To rule out ambiguities, Manchester codes use a preamble. A preamble is a fixed sequence that is known beforehand.

Advantages and disadvantages 
One of the advantages of Manchester code is that the DC component of the signal carries no information. This makes it possible that standards that usually do not carry power can transmit this information. One of the drawbacks of the encoding is that it needs more bandwidth than other encodings, such as NRZ.

Telecommunications
Encodings
George Roger Waters (born 6 September 1943) is an English rock musician. He was born in Great Bookham, Surrey and moved to Cambridge during his early childhood. He is best known as the bass player, co-lead singer, principle lyricist, and founder member of the English rock band Pink Floyd (1964–1986). Waters became the primary lyrical contributor in Pink Floyd after the departure of fellow founder member Syd Barrett in January 1968, and sang lead vocals on at least one half of all Pink Floyd tracks during his tenure with the band. Many consider 1973–1979 to be the Golden Age of the Waters era Pink Floyd, during which time they released four studio albums, including two of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed rock albums ever created.

Released in 1973, The Dark Side of the Moon is one of the top selling albums of all time. Pink Floyd followed the epochal success of Dark Side with Wish You Were Here (1975), Animals (1977) and  1979's The Wall, a double album considered by many to be rock's finest. The Wall, based on the life struggles of Roger Waters, is the best selling double disk of all time, and as Pink Floyd's second unequivocally definitive album, it solidified their status among the world's elite rock bands.  In 1983 Pink Floyd released their tenth studio album, The Final Cut.  Written and almost entirely sung by Roger, (Gilmour sang on just one track), it is the only Pink Floyd album on which Waters is credited for the writing and composition of every song. In retrospect, The Final Cut is more fairly considered Roger's first solo album, essentially using David Gilmour and Nick Mason as studio musicians. One of rock music's most critically acclaimed and commercially successful acts, Pink Floyd has sold over 200 million albums worldwide, including 74.5 million in the United States.

Following his legal and philosophical split with Pink Floyd in 1986, Waters began a solo career, releasing three studio albums, The Pros and Cons of Hitchhiking (1984), Radio K.A.O.S.  (1987), and in 1992, the highly acclaimed Amused to Death. In 1990, Roger staged one of the largest rock concerts ever, The Wall Concert in Berlin, on the vacant terrain between Potsdamer Platz and the Brandenburg Gate. In 2005 he released the critically acclaimed opera, Ça Ira, which would go on to top the classical charts in America and Britain, as well as joining Nick Mason, Richard Wright and David Gilmour, for an historical performance at the 2 July 2005 Live 8 concert in London's Hyde Park, Pink Floyd's first public performance with Roger in 24 years.

Waters has toured extensively as a solo act since 2005, performing Dark Side to sold out audiences and critical acclaim the world over. Waters performed an extensive tour of The Wall between 2010 and 2013.

Notes 

1943 births
Living people
BAFTA Award winners
Bassists
English activists
English rock musicians
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from Cambridge
Musicians from Surrey
Pink Floyd
Big Max is a type of squash that can grow to be more than 100 pounds. They can also be  in diameter if they are grown properly. They are commonly called pumpkins, but this is not entirely correct; Big Max are instead "squash-type pumpkins". They have a bright orange color, with fine-grained, yellow-orange flesh. The skin has deep lines in it and is slightly roughened, and can be up to  thick. This makes Big Max squash good for keeping. The flesh is good for being canned and frozen.

However, because they are so big, cooking with these squash is hard. They are said to not be as flavorful as smaller pumpkin varieties. The variety was hybridized, or created, for its large size. They have been grown as big as 300 pounds. Individual fruits are round to slightly flattened.

Growing 
These squash are best planted between two and four weeks after the average last frost, and they  become ripe 110 to 120 days after being planted. The plants need lots of room to grow well, and to get them very big, only one fruit should be grown on one vine. They are harvested before the first light frost, when the plant's leaves die. Although recommendations are different, seeds are often planted at  deep, spaced  apart.

References 

Cucurbitaceae
Travira Air (IATA: TR) is an airline based in Jakarta, Indonesia. It operates flights between Indonesian cities and other Asian countries. These flights are "chartered" by companies - this means that they do not follow fixed times. It is a small/middle size operator. 

Travira's aircraft are used by big mineral companies including  ExxonMobil and West Natuna Consortium. They are also used by mining companies in Sumbawa and East Kalimantan.

Fleet 

Since September 2008 Travira Air operated the following aircraft:

1 Boeing 737-5L9
1 Dash 8
1 De Havilland Canada Dash 7C
6 Raytheon Beech 1900D Airliner
4 Cessna 208 Caravan
2 Bell 412 EP helicopters
2 Bolkow 105 helicopters
1 Sikorsky S-76A helicopter
2 Sikorsky S-76A++ helicopters
1 Sikorsky S-76C helicopter
1 Sikorsky S-76C+ helicopter
2 Ecureuil AS350B2 helicopters
1 Hawker 800XP

Other websites

References 

Airlines of Asia
Jakarta
Transport in Indonesia
The martial eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus) is a bird of prey. It lives in Africa and is the biggest eagle in Africa, 76 to 96 cm (30–38 in) long, and its wingspan is 188–260 cm (6.2–8.5 ft) long. Because of its size, it hunts large prey, including birds as large as flamingos and mammals as large as young impala.

Accipitriformes
The edible dormouse or fat dormouse (Glis glis) is a small dormouse and the only species in the genus Glis.

Fat dormice are the largest dormice in Europe. The ancient Romans used to breed them to be eaten (usually as a snack). This is the reason for the word edible in its name. The dormice were kept in large pits or in terra cotta containers (which were called gliraria), which were like modern hamster cages.

Wild edible dormice are still eaten in Slovenia, and trapping dormice is a Slovenian tradition. Using dormice for food and fur is mentioned in documents which were written in the 13th century. They also mention the use of dormouse fat as a medicine. Poor and hungry peasants would eat dormice during winter because it is a good protein source.

The edible dormouse lives in Europe.  It was accidentally introduced to the town of Tring in England after some dormice escaped from the private collection of Lionel Walter Rothschild in 1902.  The British edible dormouse population is about 10,000 and is found in a  triangle between Beaconsfield, Aylesbury and Luton. 
This animal is seen as a pest by some people. In the United Kingdom the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 does not allow some ways of killing them, and to remove the dormice from the area may require a license.

References

Other websites 

 The Dormouse Hollow
 Rodent page from Mammals Trust UK (includes sound file of Glis glis cry)
 Amersham.org page on Glis glis 

Dormice
Mammals of Europe
Animals of Turkey
This article describes any leap year starting on Thursday. Examples include 1920, 1948, 1976, 2004, 2032, 2060 and 2088 in the Gregorian Calendar, which is used in most of the world.

In this leap year, Martin Luther King Jr. Day is on January 19, Valentine’s Day is on a Saturday, Presidents Day is on February 16, the leap day, February 29, is on a Sunday, St. Patrick’s Day is on a Wednesday, Mother’s Day is on May 9, Memorial Day is on its latest possible date, May 31, Father’s Day is on June 20, Independence Day is on a Sunday, Labor Day is on September 6, Columbus Day is on October 11, Halloween is on a Sunday, Veterans Day is on a Thursday, Thanksgiving is on November 25, and Christmas is on a Saturday.

This leap year is one of three leap years that have two Friday the 13ths, the others being Leap year starting on Monday and Leap year starting on Wednesday. The Friday the 13ths in this leap year are in February and August.

Calendar

The ISO year has 53 weeks in this kind of year, and the ISO week 10 (which begins March 1) and all ISO weeks after are  earlier than in other years.

References

Leap years by day
This article describes any leap year starting on Saturday. Examples include 1944, 1972, 2000, 2028, 2056, and 2084 in the Gregorian calendar, which is used in most of the world. All end of century leap years (leap years divisible by 400) start on a Saturday. The most recent such year was 2000 and the next such year will be 2400. 

In this leap year, Martin Luther King Jr. Day is on January 17, Valentine’s Day is on a Monday, Presidents Day is on its latest possible date, February 21, the leap day, February 29, is on a Tuesday, St. Patrick’s Day is on a Friday, Mother’s Day is on its latest possible date, May 14, Memorial Day is on May 29, Father’s Day is on June 18, Independence Day is on a Tuesday, Labor Day is on September 4, Columbus Day is on October 9, Halloween is on a Tuesday, Veterans Day is on a Saturday, Thanksgiving is on November 23, and Christmas is on a Monday.

This leap year is one of three leap years with only one Friday the 13th, the others being Leap year starting on Tuesday and Leap year starting on Friday. The one Friday the 13th in this leap year is in October. This characteristic is shared with Common Years Starting on Monday but also have another one in January.

Calendar

Leap years by day
This article describes any leap year starting on Monday. Examples include 1912, 1940, 1968, 1996, 2024, 2052, and 2080 in the Gregorian calendar, which is used in most of the world.

In this leap year, Martin Luther King Jr. Day is on its earliest possible date, January 15, Valentine’s Day is on a Wednesday, Presidents Day is on February 19, the leap day, February 29, is on a Thursday, St. Patrick’s Day is on a Sunday, Mother’s Day is on May 12, Memorial Day is on May 27, Father’s Day is on June 16, Independence Day is on a Thursday, Labor Day is on September 2, Columbus Day is on its latest possible date, October 14, Halloween is on a Thursday, Veterans Day is on a Monday, Thanksgiving is on its latest possible date, November 28, and Christmas is on a Wednesday.

This leap year is one of three leap years that have two Friday the 13ths, the other two being Leap year starting on Wednesday and Leap year starting on Thursday. The Friday the 13ths in this leap year are in September and December. This characteristic is shared with a Common year starting on Tuesday.

Calendar

Leap years by day
This article describes any leap year starting on Wednesday.  Examples include 1908, 1936, 1964, 1992, 2020, 2048, and 2076 in the Gregorian calendar, which is used in most of the world.

In this leap year, Martin Luther King Jr. Day is on January 20, Valentine’s Day is on a Friday, Presidents Day is on February 17, the leap day, February 29, is on a Saturday, St. Patrick’s Day is on a Tuesday, Mother’s Day is on May 10, Memorial Day is on its earliest possible date, May 25, Father’s Day is on its latest possible date, June 21, Independence Day is on a Saturday, Labor Day is on its latest possible date, September 7, Columbus Day is on October 12, Halloween is on a Saturday, Veterans Day is on a Wednesday, Thanksgiving is on November 26, and Christmas is on a Friday.

This leap year is one of three leap years that have two Friday the 13ths, the others being Leap year starting on Monday and Leap year starting on Thursday. The Friday the 13ths in this leap year are in March and November. This characteristic is shared with Common Years Starting on Thursday but also have another one in February.

Calendar

Leap years by day
This article describes any leap year starting on Sunday. Examples include 1928, 1956, 1984, 2012, 2040, 2068, and 2096.

In this leap year, Martin Luther King Jr. Day is on January 16, Valentine’s Day is on a Tuesday, Presidents Day is on February 20, the leap day, February 29, is on a Wednesday, St. Patrick’s Day is on a Saturday, Mother’s Day is on May 13, Memorial Day is on May 28, Father’s Day is on June 17, Independence Day is on a Wednesday, Labor Day is on September 3, Columbus Day is on it’s earliest possible date, October 8, Halloween is on a Wednesday, Veterans Day is on a Sunday, Thanksgiving is on its earliest possible date, November 22, and Christmas is on a Tuesday.

This is the only leap year with three occurrences of Friday the 13th, in January, April and July.

Calendar

Leap years by day
This article describes any leap year starting on Friday. Examples include 1904, 1932, 1960, 1988, 2016, 2044, and 2072 in the Gregorian Calendar which is used in most of the world.

In this leap year, Martin Luther King Jr. Day is on January 18, Valentine’s Day is on a Sunday, Presidents Day is on its earliest possible date, February 15, the leap day, February 29, is on a Monday, St. Patrick’s Day is on a Thursday, Mother’s Day is on its earliest possible date, May 8, Memorial Day is on May 30, Father’s Day is on June 19, Independence Day is on a Monday, Labor Day is on September 5, Columbus Day is on October 10, Halloween is on a Monday, Veterans Day is on a Friday, Thanksgiving is on November 24, and Christmas is on a Sunday.

This leap year is one of three leap years with only one Friday the 13th, the others being Leap year starting on Tuesday and Leap year starting on Saturday. The Friday the 13th in this leap year is in May. This characteristic is shared with a Common year starting on Saturday.

Calendar

Leap years by day
Marcelo Sosa (born 6 February 1978) is an Uruguayan football player. He has played for Uruguay national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1996||rowspan="8"|Danubio||rowspan="8"|Primera División||4||0
|-
|1997||14||0
|-
|1998||1||0
|-
|1999||18||1
|-
|2000||26||5
|-
|2001||28||1
|-
|2002||35||6
|-
|2003||29||4

|-
|2004||Spartak Moscow||Premier League||8||0

|-
|2004/05||Atlético Madrid||La Liga||28||0
|-
|2005/06||Osasuna||La Liga||11||0

|-
|2006/07||River Plate||Primera División||2||0

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Nacional||rowspan="2"|Primera División||11||1
|-
|2007/08||11||0

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Estudiantes Tecos||rowspan="2"|Primera División||14||0
|-
|2008/09||21||0

|-
|2009/10||Peñarol||Primera División||||
177||18
8||0
39||0
2||0
35||0
261||18
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2003||12||1
|-
|2004||11||1
|-
|2005||4||0
|-
!Total||27||2
|}

References

1978 births
Living people
Uruguayan footballers
Sportspeople from Montevideo
Djalminha (born December 9, 1970) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazilian national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1989||rowspan="4"|Flamengo||rowspan="4"|Série A||1||0
|-
|1990||10||1
|-
|1991||4||1
|-
|1992||7||0
|-
|1993||rowspan="2"|Guarani||rowspan="2"|Série A||19||6
|-
|1994||3||3

|-
|1994||Shimizu S-Pulse||J. League 1||11||4

|-
|1995||Guarani||Série A||11||6
|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Palmeiras||rowspan="2"|Série A||22||12
|-
|1997||0||0

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="5"|Deportivo La Coruña||rowspan="5"|La Liga||26||8
|-
|1998/99||31||8
|-
|1999/00||31||10
|-
|2000/01||21||9
|-
|2001/02||18||1

|-
|2002/03||Austria Wien||Bundesliga||10||2

|-
|2003/04||Deportivo La Coruña||La Liga||11||2

|-
|2004/05||América||Primera División||5||1
77||29
11||4
138||38
10||2
5||1
241||74
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1996||3||1
|-
|1997||7||3
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||2||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||2||1
|-
!Total||14||5
|}

Other websites
Djalminha at National Football Teams.com

1970 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
"Treehouse of Horror II" is the seventh episode of The Simpsons third season, the second Simpsons Halloween episode, and the first Halloween episode where names in the closing credits were replaced by 'spooky name' parodies. The episode first started on October 31, 1991. The first part, "The Monkey's Paw", is a direct reference to W.W. Jacobs's short story The Monkey's Paw, in which the Simpsons's wishes all backfire on them after buying a cursed hand of a monkey. In the second part, "The Bart Zone", Bart has  powers, and turns Homer into a jack-in-the-box, resulting in the two spending more time together. The part was a parody of The Twilight Zone episode "It's a Good Life". In the last part, "If I Only Had A Brain", Mr. Burns's head is grafted onto Homer's head after Mr. Burns tries to create a robot with Homer's brain.

Other websites 

1991 television episodes
The Simpsons (season 3) episodes
Treehouse of Horror

it:La paura fa novanta I-X#La paura fa novanta II
fi:Simpsonit (3. tuotantokausi)#Painajaisia (Treehouse of Horror II)
The Hyundai Tucson is a compact luxury SUV that is produced by Hyundai Motor Company. In some markets it is sold as the ix35, but the ix35 name is expected to be dropped. It is based on the Kia Sportage's unibody platform.

Tucson
2000s automobiles
The Hyundai Accent is a car produced by Hyundai Motor Company since 1994. It is the successor of the Pony, and it is now in its Third generation. The car was sold in Mexico as the Dodge Attitude until 2013 when Hyundai entered the Mexican market.

Accent
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
The Kia Joice was a car produced by Kia Motors between 1999-2003. Was based on the Hyundai Santamo's platform.

Joice
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Antacids (or indigestion tablets) are used to help stop indigestion. People may get indigestion if they eat too much or if they have eaten too fast. With indigestion, the liquid in the stomach will become more acidic. Antacids will neutralise the acids. The reaction that is happening is called neutralisation. This is because the tablets are alkaline and the liquids in the stomach are acidic.

This reaction between the stomach acids and the antacid will make the acid change into harmless substances such as water or salt.

An example of an antacid is milk of magnesia. 

Side effects from taking antacids are rare, but can include both constipation and diarrhea. They are also high in sodium so people with a heart condition on a low salt diet should ask their doctor before taking them.

References

Drugs
The 3rd millennium started on January 1, 2001 and will end on December 31, 3000.

Events
By 2070, 1 to 3 billion people could be living in extreme heat because of climate change.

References

3rd millennium
Millennia
In the Gregorian calendar, a century leap year is a year that is exactly divisible by 400. Like all other leap years, these years have February 29. If a year is divisible by 100 but not 400, it is a common year (not a leap year). For example, the years 1600 and 2000 were century leap years; the century years 1700, 1800, 1900 were common years, so will 2100, 2200, and 2300, despite being divisible by 4. The next century leap year will occur in the year 2400.  Century leap years always begin on a Saturday, and February 29 always falls on a Tuesday. 

The start days of exceptional common years (century years not evenly divisible by 400) also varies; the century year begins on a Friday if the remainder obtained by dividing it by 400 is 100, Wednesday if the remainder is 200, and Monday if the remainder is 300.

The Gregorian calendar more accurately tracks Earth's revolution around the Sun, more so than the older Julian calendar, in which every fourth year (including end-of-century years) is a leap year.  Because of this, the Julian calendar began to gradually drift with respect to the four seasons.  Each season has been occurring earlier and earlier over time.  Therefore when the Gregorian calendar was created in 1582, it eliminated this problem by specifying that end-of-century years are only leap years if divisible by 400. Therefore, 1700 was the first end-of-century year that was not a leap year.

References 

Years
Calendars

sv:Sekelskottår
Plywood is a manufactured wood which is made by gluing several thin sheets of wood together with the grain alternately running along the sheet then across it. 

The veneer is usually about 3 millimetres thick for each layer.  Interior layers of these boards are usually made from an inexpensive wood while the outer veneer layers are made from more expensive timber to give the board a nice wood grain appearance.  The glued layers are heated together to make the seal become better bonded. 

A common reason for using plywood instead of plain wood is its resistance to cracking, shrinking and changing shape.  It is cheaper and stronger than most plain woods.

It is used to make a range of things from sheds, to cladding to cabinets. It is graded on the quality, from class A to class D, A being the best quality and D being the worst quality.

Different kinds of plywood are made for different purposes. Marine plywood, for example, is especially resistant to water. There is a world-wide industry making plywood for structural purposes. IKEA is well-known for using mostly plywood and chipboard in their indoor and outdoor furniture products.
 

Wood
Materials
A plastid is a self-reproducing organelle of plants and algae. A plastome is the DNA genome of a plastid.p341 They are like tiny machines inside cells: each makes or stores important chemicals used by the plant. 

Examples of plastids are: 
 Chloroplasts: photosynthesis; other plastids may have developed from chloroplasts. Etioplasts are chloroplasts which have not been exposed to light.
 Chromoplasts: pigment synthesis and storage. 
 Leucoplasts: colourless, make terpenes such as resin. Sometimes they develop into more specialized types of plastid:
 Amyloplasts: starch storage
 Elaioplasts: fat storage.
 Proteinoplasts: store & modify protein.
 Statoliths: detect gravity.

Plastids in algae
Plastids in algae and hornworts  may differ from plant plastids. In algae, the term "leucoplast" is used for all unpigmented plastids and their function differs from the leucoplasts of plants. 

Glaucocystophytic algae contain muroplasts, which are similar to chloroplasts except that they have a cell wall, similar to that of prokaryotes. Rhodophytic algae contain rhodoplasts, which are red chloroplasts which allow the algae to photosynthesise to a depth of up to 268 metres.

Genetics and evolution 
Plastids are one of the many different types of organelles in the cell. In endosymbiont theory, plastids originated as cyanobacteria. This was first suggested by Mereschkowsky in 1905. Schimper in 1883 had said chloroplasts closely resembled cyanobacteria. 

Almost all chloroplasts are thought to derive directly or indirectly from a single endosymbiotic event. Mitochondria also derive from symbiosis, but chloroplasts are found only in plants and protista. The chloroplast is surrounded by a double-layered composite membrane with an intermembrane space; further, it has reticulations, or many infoldings, filling the inner spaces. The chloroplast has its own DNA, which codes for redox proteins involved in electron transport in photosynthesis.

References 

Botany
Organelles
DNA
A mixotroph is an organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy and carbon. Usually this means that it may be either autotroph or heterotroph at different times in its life. Also possible are alternations between photo- and chemotrophy, or between litho- and organotrophy. Mixotrophs can be either eukaryotes or prokaryotes.

References 

Ecology
Biology
"Flaming Moe's" is the tenth episode of The Simpsons third season. It was first shown on the Fox network in the United States on November 21, 1991. In this episode, Homer tells Moe Szyslak of a secret alcoholic cocktail that has cough syrup and fire that he calls "Flaming Homer". Moe steals the recipe from Homer, and renames the drink the "Flaming Moe" and begins selling it at his tavern. The drink is a success and boosts business, but Homer is angry at Moe for his greediness, and seeks revenge.

References

Other websites 

1991 television episodes
The Simpsons (season 3) episodes
South Shields is a borough constituency that is represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Boundaries
Currently, this constituency contains the areas of South Shields in South Tyneside in Tyne and wear. Changes to the boundary that are to be in place for the next election will bring Whitburn into the constituency from neighbouring Jarrow.

Constituencies in the United Kingdom
In mathematics, an interval is a group of numbers that includes all numbers between the beginning and the end. Numbers that are larger than the beginning number and smaller than the end number are inside the interval, and numbers that are smaller than the beginning number or larger than the end number are not in the interval. The beginning number and end number may or may not be inside the interval. An example of an interval might be from 3.3 to 15. Here, numbers such as 4, 8, 9.5, 14, and even 14.999 are inside this interval. Numbers such as -4, 2, 3.2, 20, and 15.000001 are not inside this interval.

To write an interval, write either a square bracket ( [ ) or a parenthesis ( ( ), the beginning number, a comma ( , ), the end number, and either a closing square bracket ( ] ) or a closing parenthesis ( ) ).  Examples of intervals are (4, 9.6), [-100, 100], [-30, -4).

Different kinds of intervals 

Intervals can be separated by how they act at their ends.  Intervals can be closed, open, or mixed.

Closed Intervals 
An interval that is closed also includes the beginning and the end, and generally takes the form of . A closed interval that has 3 as the beginning and 5.4 as the end would include 3, 5.4, and every number between 3 and 5.4. To write a closed interval, use square brackets ( [ and ] ).  An example of an closed interval is [136, 450].

Open Intervals 
An interval that is open does not include the beginning or the end, and generally takes the form of . An open interval that has 3 as the beginning and 5 as the end would include every number between 3 and 5, but it would not include 3 or 5. To write an open interval, use parentheses ( ( and ) ). An example of an open interval is (2, 5).

Mixed Intervals 
A mixed interval is open at one end and closed at the other end, and generally takes the form of  (right-open interval) or  (left-open interval). This means that the interval may include the beginning but not the end, or it may include the end but not the beginning. For example, the interval [9, 23) would include 9, but it would not include 23.

Related pages
 Affine arithmetic
 Interval arithmetic

References 

Mathematics
The Actinobacteria are a group of gram-positive bacteria. Most are found in the soil. They include some of the most common soil life, playing important roles in decomposition and humus formation. 

Some, like Streptomyces, were originally classified as fungi, because they form branching filaments like hyphae. All Actinobacteria are aerobic. A few forms are pathogens, such as Mycobacterium. Some are thermophilic.

Gram-positive bacteria
The Angolan African dormouse (Graphiurus angolensis) is a species of rodent in the Gliridae family. It is endemic to (lives only in) Angola. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.

References
 Coetzee, N., Griffin, M. & Grubb, P. 2004.  Graphiurus angolensis.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 29 July 2007.
Holden, M. E.. 2005. Family Gliridae. Pp. 819-841 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

Graphiurus
Kellen's dormouse (Graphiurus kelleni) is a species of rodent in the Gliridae family. It is found in Angola, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gambia, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Niger, Senegal, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and moist and dry savanna.

References
Holden, M. E.. 2005. Family Gliridae. Pp. 819-841 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
 Schlitter, D. & Grubb, P. 2008.  Graphiurus kelleni .   2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 18 August 2009.

Graphiurus
Nicolas Desmarest (16 September 1725 – 20 September 1815) was a French geologist.

Desmarest was born at Soulaines in the department of Aube in France. He was educated at the college of the Oratorians of Troyes and Paris. While doing this, he earned money by teaching, to pay for his education. 

Buffon's Theory of the Earth interested him, and in 1753 he won a prize by writing an essay on the ancient connection between England and France. A lot of people were interested in this. He was given job studying and reporting on manufacturing in different countries. In 1788 he became inspector-general of the industries of France.

Demarest travelled around on foot to learn more about the Earth's structure. In 1763 he noticed that the basalt rocks in Auvergne were old lava streams. He noticed that they were similar to the columns of the Giant's Causeway in Ireland. He knew that they were evidence of the operations of old volcanoes which were no longer active. 

In 1774 he published an essay on the subject (with a geological map) after visiting the area a few times. He then discussed the changes that the rocks had gone through because of weathering and erosion. This was the first time that anyone had talked about valleys being made because streams which flowed through them eroding the rocks.

He died in Paris in 1815. In 1823 his son Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest published a new and better edition of his map.

References 
 

French geologists
1725 births
1815 deaths
Eugène Anselme Sébastien Léon Desmarest (1816–1889) was a French zoologist and entomologist. He was the son of Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest (1734–1838).

Works
Partial list:
  In: Jean-Charles Chenu, . Marescq et Compagnie, Paris. v.18, p. 123– 181 (1860).
 . In: J–C. Chenu. v. 19, p. 1– 360 + 1– 62 (1874)

References

Other websites
BHL Encyclopédie d'histoire naturelle Scanned book

French zoologists
1816 births
1889 deaths
Endemism is an ecological word meaning that a plant or animal lives only in a particular location, such as a specific island, habitat type, nation or other defined zone. For example, many species of lemur are endemic to the island of Madagascar. 

There are two types of endemism - paleoendemism and neoendemism. Paleoendemism means that a species used to live in a large area but now lives only in a smaller area. Neoendemism means that a species has recently appeared which is closely related to the main species or one that has formed following hybridization and is now classified as a separate species. This is a common process in plants especially those which exhibit polyploidy.

The opposite of endemism is cosmopolitan distribution.

Endemic types are most likely to develop on islands because they are isolated. This includes remote island groups, like the Hawaiian Islands, the Galápagos Islands, and Socotra. Endemism can also occur in areas which are separated from other similar areas like the highlands of Ethiopia, or large bodies of water like Lake Baikal.

Endemics can easily become endangered or extinct because of only living in a small area. They are also vulnerable to the actions of man, including the introduction of new organisms. There were millions of both Bermuda petrels and "Bermuda cedars" (actually junipers) in Bermuda when it was settled at the start of the 17th century. By the end of the century, the petrels were thought to be extinct. Cedars, whose numbers were low as a result of centuries of shipbuilding, were nearly made extinct in the 20th Century by the introduction of a parasite. Both petrels and cedars are very rare today, as are other species endemic or native to Bermuda.

Endemic organisms are not the same as indigenous organisms — a species that is indigenous to somewhere may be native to other locations as well. An introduced species, also known as a naturalized or exotic species, is an organism that is not indigenous to a given place or area.

Ecoregions with high endemism 
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the following ecoregions have the highest percentage of endemic plants:

 Fynbos in the Cape flower region (South Africa)

 Hawaiian tropical dry forests (United States)
 Hawaiian tropical rainforests (United States)

 Kwongan heathlands (Australia)
 Madagascar dry deciduous forests (Madagascar)
 Madagascar lowland forests (Madagascar)
 New Caledonia dry forests (New Caledonia)
 New Caledonia rain forests (New Caledonia)

 Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests (Mexico)
 Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests (Guatemala)

 Luzon montane rainforests (Philippines)
 Luzon rain forests (Philippines)
 Luzon tropical pine forests (Philippines)
 Mindanao montane rain forests (Philippines)
 Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests (Philippines)
 Palawan rain forests (Philippines)

Threats to highly endemistic regions 

Some of the principal threats to these special ecosystems are:

 Large scale logging operations
 Slash-and-burn techniques (which are sometimes a part of shifting cultivation)
 Destruction of habital or vegetation leads to endangering of the endemic species

References 

Ecosystems