cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The 2014 Rogers Cup presented by National Bank (named as a result of a sponsor) is a tennis tournament which takes place on outdoor Hardcourts. It started on 2 August and will end on 10 August. The tournament is in the 125th year of the Canadian Open which is a tournament that takes place yearly. The men's and women's tournaments switch between Toronto and Montreal.

The tournament is part of the 2014 ATP World Tour and 2014 WTA Tour. It is used to prepare players for the 2014 US Open.

Ranking points and prize money

Seeded players
A seed is a competitor who is given special placement in a tournament. This is so they do not meet the best players until the later rounds in the tournament. Usually they meet in the third round and may have received a pass into the second round.

Men's Singles

Women's Singles

Men's Doubles

Women's Doubles

Finals

Men's Singles

Women's Singles

Men's Doubles

Women's Doubles

Sources

Other websites
Official website

2014 ATP World Tour
2014 WTA Tour
2014 in tennis
Hard court tennis tournaments
Sport in Canada
2014 in Canada
2010s in Toronto
21st century in Montreal
August 2014 events
The Canadian Open is a tennis tournament that takes place on outdoor hard courts. It is held in Montreal and Toronto, usually at the start of August. Before 2011, it was held in two different weeks during July and August.

The tournament adjusts for the men and women's side each year. Tt shifts from being held in Montreal and Toronto. In odd-numbered years, the men's side of the draw is held in Montreal and the women's are held in Toronto, and in even years they switch cities.

History

The men's tournament started in 1881. It was first held at the Toronto Lawn Tennis Club. The women's side of the tournament started later, in 1892. There are only two leading tournaments that started before the Canadian Open, the Wimbledon and the US Open.

Before 1968, the tournament was known as the Canadian National Championships. Since the start of the open era, the tournament has had many sponsors. In the 1970s, it was held under the Rothmans International tobacco brand, Player's Limited was the main sponsor in the 1980s, and the sponsor changed again in 1997 to the cigarette company Du Maurier. Since federal measures came into place to restrict tobacco advertising, Rogers, a media company, has become the head sponsor.

Canadian success
No male Canadian tennis player has won the men's singles tournament since 1958. However, in 2013 Milos Raonic was the first Canadian player to reach the final since the start of the open era, after he beat fellow Canadian Vasek Pospisil in the semifinals.

Faye Urban was the last woman to reach the women's singles final, after her win in 1969. The Canadian players have had better luck in the men's doubles tournament than in the single's tournament, with Daniel Nestor and Sébastien Lareau both becoming champions. The women's doubles tournament has not been won by a Canadian female tennis player since 1969 also when Vicki Berner and Faye Urban won against another Canadian paring of Jane O'Hara and Vivienne Strong in a repeat of the 1968 final. Since then, Helen Kelesi has been the only Canadian player to reach the final for doubles, in 1990.

Past finals

Men's singles

Women's singles

Men's doubles

Women's doubles

Sources

Other websites
Official website

 
 
Hard court tennis tournaments
Sport in Canada
1881 establishments in North America
1880s establishments in Canada
Agnez Mo is the fourth studio album by Indonesian singer-songwriter Agnez Mo. Although the songs are in English, the album was only released for the Indonesian market. The album was digitally released by Sony Music. on June 1, 2013 through the website Souniq Music (souniqmusic.com). Sales of the album was done in a bundle with the Ship Fire Coffee products. The songs on this album can be downloaded for free with points available with purchase of certain products.

Track listing 

2013 albums
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) is the most important organization for men's professional tennis.

History 
ATP started in September 1972 by Donald Dell, Jack Kramer, and Cliff Drysdale. Its job is to care for the interests of men's professional tennis. Starting in 1990, the ATP has organized the most important group of tennis competitions for men. In 2009, the organization changed the name of the competitions from "ATP Tour" to "ATP World Tour." ATP is based in London.

ATP rankings
Rankings as of 28 July 2014.

Singles

Doubles

References

Other websites
 

1972 establishments
ATP World Tour
London
Tennis organisations
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the top level professional tennis tour for men's tennis competitions. The 2014 ATP Tour calendar is made up of four Grand Slam tournaments (organised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), and sixty-one regular tournaments. It also includes the Davis Cup (organised by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the ATP World Tour Finals). The Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points, is included. The season begins on 30 December 2013 and will end on 17 November 2014.

The tournaments are played on flat surface, called a tennis court. The measurements of a tennis court are set by the ITF. The court is  long and  wide. Its width is  for singles matches and  for doubles matches. Tennis is played on a variety of tennis court types. Each type has to be played differently. There are four main types of courts based on what's used to build the court surface, clay, hard, grass and carpet courts. The ITF ranks them by five different speed ratings from slow to fast.

Calendar
Key

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

Sources

Other websites
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour official website
International Tennis Federation (ITF) official website

 
ATP seasons
Schneider's Bakery is a television production company created by Dan Schneider.

Some of the shows that were produced by the company are Drake & Josh, All That, Zoey 101, iCarly, Victorious, Sam & Cat and Henry Danger.

American entertainment companies
2003 establishments in the United States
Lydia N. Yu-Jose (March 27, 1944 – August 3, 2014) was a Filipino Professor Emerita of Political Science and Japanese Studies at the Ateneo de Manila University in the Philippines. She was best known for her research into the history of Japan–Philippines relations, as well as aiding in the development of Japanese studies in the Philippines as a separate academic discipline.

On August 3, 2014, Lydia Yu-Jose died after a six-year long battle with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

References

1944 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Filipino writers
Filipino educators
Filipino scientists
George Woodman Hilton (January 18, 1925 – August 4, 2014) was an American historian and economist. He worked in social history, transportation economics, regulation by commission, the history of economic thought and labor history.

Hilton was born in Chicago. Hilton studied at Dartmouth College and earned his A.B. in Economics summa cum laude in 1946. He received his M.A. in 1950. Hilton studied at the London School of Economics in 1953-1955, and got his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1956. 

He then taught for many years at the University of California, Los Angeles, and was later a Professor Emeritus of Economics at UCLA.

Hilton died in Los Angeles, California, aged 89.

References

1925 births
2014 deaths
Alumni of the London School of Economics
American academics
American economists
American historians
University of Chicago alumni
Writers from Chicago
Educators from Michigan
George Hilton (16 July 1934 – 28 July 2019), sometimes credited as Jorge Hilton, was a Uruguayan actor. He was known for his many spaghetti western performances.

He was born Jorge Hill Acosta y Lara on 16 July 1934 in Montevideo, Uruguay, but was raised in England. 

Hilton began his career as an extra with bit parts in the mid-fifties. In 1967 he appeared to great effect as "Stranger" in Any Gun Can Play (aka Go Kill and Come Back). He went on to become one of the major stars of spaghetti westerns eventually playing Sartana in the last movie of the series I Am Sartana, Trade Your Guns for a Coffin.

Hilton died on 28 July 2019 in Rome from a long-illness, aged 85.

Selected filmography

 Alto Paraná (1958)
 The Masked Man Against the Pirates (1964)
 Two Mafiosi Against Goldfinger (1965) (as "007")
 Two Sons of Ringo (1966)
 Massacre Time (1966)
 Any Gun Can Play (1967)
 Il tempo degli avvoltoi (1967)
 Halleluja for Django (1967)
 The Last of the Badmen (1967)
 Poker with Pistols (1967)
 The Moment To Kill (1968)
 Trusting Is Good... Shooting Is Better (1968)
 A Bullet for Sandoval (1968)
 One More to Hell (1968)
 The Ruthless Four (1968)
 The Sweet Body of Deborah (1968)
 Salt in the Wound (1969)
 The Battle of El Alamein (1969)
  (1970)
 They Call Me Hallelujah (1971)
 The Strange Vice of Mrs. Wardh (1971)
 The Case of the Scorpion's Tail (1971)
 The Case of the Bloody Iris (1971)
 All the Colors of the Dark (1972)
 My Dear Killer (1972)
 The Devil Has Seven Faces (1972)
 Return of Hallelujah (1972)
 The Two Faces of Fear (1972) 
 Seven Hours of Violence (1973)
 Man Called Invincible (1973)
 Holy God, Here Comes the Passatore! (1973)
 The Killer Must Kill Again (1975)
 Mark of Zorro (1976)
 Double Game (1977)
 El Macho (1977)
 Taxi Girl (1977)
 Sweetly You'll Die Through Love (1977)
 Blazing Flowers (1978)
 Don't Play with Tigers (1982)
 The Secret Nights of Lucrezia Borgia (1982)
 The Atlantis Interceptors (1983)
 Dinner with a Vampire (TV movie, 1988)
 College (TV Series, 1990)

References

Other websites

1934 births
2019 deaths
Uruguayan entertainers 
Movie actors
People from Montevideo
George M. Martin, M.D. (born June 30, 1927, in New York City, New York) is an American biogerontologist. He received both his B.S. in Chemistry and his M.D. from the University of Washington and has been a member of its faculty since 1957. 

Martin is a Professor Emeritus (Active) in the Department of Pathology, Professor of Genome Sciences (Retired) and Director Emeritus of the University of Washington’s Alzheimer's Disease Research Center.

References

1927 births
Living people
Educators from New York City
Scientists from New York City
George Brown Martin (August 18, 1876November 12, 1945) was an American politician. He served as a United States Senator of Kentucky. He served as senator from September 1918 though March 1919.

References

1876 births
1945 deaths
United States senators from Kentucky
US Democratic Party politicians
Ralph Bryans (7 March 1941 – 6 August 2014) was a Northern Irish Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. In 1965, he won the 50 cc World Championship aboard a factory-sponsored Honda. He was born in Belfast.

After a short illness, Bryans died at his home in Scotland on 6 August 2014, aged 72.

References

1941 births
2014 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Scotland
Motorcycle racers
Northern Irish sportspeople
Sportspeople from Belfast
Danny Murphy (August 20, 1955 – August 8, 2014) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in There's Something About Mary and in Me, Myself, & Irene. His last movie role was in Hall Pass. Murphy was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

Murphy was a quadriplegic (handicapped) after a diving accident that took place at Martha's Vineyard in 1974. His friend and director, Peter Farrelly, was with him at the accident.

Murphy criticized Farrelly for not including handicapped people in his movie Dumb & Dumber. This lead to Murphy's first movie role in Farrelly's comedy movie Kingpin. 

Murphy died in Florida from cancer, aged 58.

References

Other websites
 

1955 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from cancer
American movie actors
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
Cristina Deutekom, also known as Christine Deutekom and Christina Deutekom (28 August 1931 – 7 August 2014) was a Dutch coloratura soprano opera singer. Deutekom's stage career ended in 1986, when she suffered a heart attack.

She sang with all the leading tenors of her time, including Carlo Bergonzi, José Carreras, Franco Corelli, Plácido Domingo, Nicolai Gedda, Alfredo Kraus, Luciano Pavarotti, and Richard Tucker.

Deutekom was born in 1931 in Amsterdam as Christine (Stientje) Engel. Her career began in 1963.

She died on 7 August 2014 after a fall in her home.

References

Other websites
 Discography 
 Interview with Cristina Deutekom by Bruce Duffie, October 15, 1986

1931 births
2014 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
Dutch singers
European opera singers
People from Amsterdam
Tehkummah is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is on Manitoulin Island. At the 2011 census, 406 people lived there.

The township was incorporated in 1881. It has an area of . There are several communities in the township, including South Baymouth, Tehkummah, and Snowville.

Ontario
"Wannabe" is a 1996 dance-pop song from the Spice Girls. This was the first song from the group. "Wannabe" mixes rap and dance-pop. The lyrics talk about female friendship.

The song varies between two minutes/fifty-two seconds to just over nine minutes in length. It was released in July 1996.

The song got mixed reviews. In the United States, it hit #1 for around four weeks on the Billboard Hot 100. It sold more than seven million copies worldwide.
Instruments used are bass guitar, drums and vocals. In their home country of the UK, it spent 7 weeks at No.1 during the Summer of 1996. 
1996 songs
Spice Girls songs
Billboard Rhythmic Songs number-one singles
The Integrated Authority File () or GND is an international authority file. It is used by librarians for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies. It is used mainly for documentation in libraries and increasingly also by archives and museums. The GND is managed by the German National Library in cooperation with various library networks in German-speaking Europe and other partners. The GND falls under the Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license.

Predecessors 

The Integrated Authority File became operational in April 2012 and integrates the content of the following authority files which have since been discontinued:
 Name Authority File (German: Personennamendatei; PND)
 Corporate Bodies Authority File (German: Gemeinsame Körperschaftsdatei; GKD)
 Subject Headings Authority File (German: Schlagwortnormdatei; SWD)
 Uniform Title File of the Deutsches Musikarchiv (German: Einheitssachtitel-Datei des Deutschen Musikarchivs; DMA-EST)

At the time of its introduction (“GND-Grundbestand” from 5 April 2012), the GND holds 9,493,860 files, including 2,650,000 personalized names.

References

Other websites

 Search via OGND (Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum Baden-Württemberg)

2012 establishments
Websites established in the 2010s
Databases
Documents
The 2014 Citi Open (named as a result of a sponsor) is a tennis tournament which takes place on outdoor Hardcourts. It started on 26 July and will end on 3 August. The tournament is in the 46th year of the Washington Open which is a tournament that takes place yearly.

The tournament is part of the 2014 ATP World Tour and 2014 WTA Tour. It is used to prepare players for the 2014 US Open.

Ranking points and prize money

Seeded players
A seed is a competitor who is given special placement in a tournament. This is so they do not meet the best players until the later rounds in the tournament. Usually they meet in the third round and may have received a pass into the second round.

Men's Singles

Women's Singles

Men's Doubles

Women's Doubles

Finals

Men's Singles

 Milos Raonic def.  Vasek Pospisil, 6–1, 6–4.

Women's Singles

 Svetlana Kuznetsova def.  Kurumi Nara, 6–3, 4–6, 6–4.

Men's Doubles

 Jean-Julien Rojer /  Horia Tecău def.  Sam Groth /  Leander Paes, 7–5, 6–4.

Women's Doubles

 Shuko Aoyama /  Gabriela Dabrowski def.  Hiroko Kuwata /  Kurumi Nara, 6–1, 6–2.

Sources

Other websites
Official website

2014 ATP World Tour
2014 WTA Tour
2014 in tennis
2014 in the United States
Hard court tennis tournaments
Tennis tournaments in the United States
2010s in Washington, D.C.
July 2014 events
August 2014 events
Malcolm Scott Ciencin (September 1, 1962 – August 5, 2014) was an American writer of adult and children's' fiction. He wrote over ninety books in his career. He was a New York Times bestselling author. He co-authored many books with his wife Denise Ciencin. He also wrote comic books, screenplays and video games. He was connected with Dungeons & Dragons and Dinotopia.

Ciencin died from a brain blood clot on August 5, 2014 in Sarasota, Florida. He was 52.

References

Other websites
 

1962 births
2014 deaths
American children's writers
American comics writers
American novelists
American screenwriters
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from blood clot
Deaths from heart failure
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (12 January 1746 – 17 February 1827) was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer. He was a humanist and romantic in his approach.

He founded several schools in German and French-speaking regions of Switzerland, and wrote explaining his principles of education. His motto was "Learning by head, hand and heart". 

In 1780 Pestalozzi published anonymously a series of aphorisms, entitled The Evening Hours of a Hermit. They are his earliest works which outline ideas that would later be known as Pestalozzian. 

He drew from these experiences and published four volumes of a story titled Leonard and Gertrude. These four volumes are about the lives of four characters: Gertrude, Glüphi, an unnamed parish clergyman and Arner. Gertrude is a wife and mother who teaches her children how to live moral upstanding lives. Glüphi, a school teacher, sees the success Gertrude has with her children and tries to model his school around her teachings. A parish clergyman also adopts Gertrude's teachings. The work of Gertrude, Glüphi and the clergyman are helped by Arner, a politician, who gets help from the state. Through these four, harmony is achieved and a comprehensive education is offered to all people.

His next endeavor, Enquiries into the course of nature in the development of the human race, was not so popular. His education was built on the idea that all understanding can be achieved through a psychologically ordered sequence of learning.

Pestalozzi's method was used by the cantonal school in Aarau that Albert Einstein attended. It has been credited with helping Einstein's process of visualizing problems and his use of thought experiments. Einstein said of his education at Aarau: "it made me clearly realize how much superior an education based on free action and personal responsibility is to one relying on outward authority."

References 

Swiss educators
1746 births
1827 deaths
People from Zürich
TransAsia Airways (TNA; ) is an airline based in the Neihu District, Taipei, Taiwan. It was the first private civil airline in Taiwan.

Related pages
TransAsia Airways Flight 222

References

Other websites 

TransAsia Airways
TransAsia Airways Korea 

Airlines of Asia
Airlines of Taiwan
Companies of Taiwan
Andriy Mykhailovych Bal (, , Andrey Mikhaylovich Bal; 16 January 1958 – 9 August 2014) was a Soviet and Ukrainian football midfielder and coach.

Bal has played for the USSR national football team 20 times, and scored 1 goal.,  a 20-meter strike in the game against Brazil at the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain.

Bal died at 8 August 2014 during a football match of veteran teams as a result of a blood clot.

References

Other websites
  RussiaTeam biography

1958 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from blood clot
Ukrainian footballers
Ukrainian football managers
Robert Charles Venturi, Jr. (June 26, 1925 – September 18, 2018) was an American architect. He was married to architect Denise Scott Brown.

In 1991, Venturi won the Pritzker Prize.

Venturi died on September 18, 2018 from complications of Alzheimer's disease in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, aged 93.

References

Other websites 

 Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, Inc. firm web site
 Online profile of Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, Inc. 
 Stories of Houses: The Vanna Venturi House in Philadelphia, by Robert Venturi
 Design Strategies of Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown 

 Robert Venturi interview

1925 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American architects
Pritzker Prize winners
People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
TAME (TAME EP Linea Aerea del Ecuador), is the flag carrier and the largest airline of Ecuador. They are based in Quito, Pichincha. Its main hub is Mariscal Sucre International Airport in Quito.

References

Airlines of South America
Ecuador
Aerovías de México, S.A. de C.V. (Airways of Mexico, SA de CV), operating as AeroMéxico, is the flag carrier airline of Mexico. It is based in Colonia Cuauhtémoc, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City. It operates scheduled services to over 56 destinations. Its main base is Mexico City International Airport in Mexico City. The secondary hubs include Guadalajara, Monterrey and Hermosillo. Aeromexico currently has 63 airplanes and goes to 58 cities.

Gallery

References

Airlines of North America
Transport in Mexico
1934 establishments
1930s establishments in Mexico
IATA members
John Woodland "Woody" Hastings, PhD., (March 24, 1927 – August 6, 2014) was an American scientist, educator, and writer.

Early life
Hastings was born in Salisbury, Maryland. He lived in Seaford, Delaware during his early childhood. Hastings studied at Cathedral of Saint John the Divine. Hastings moved to Lenox School in Lenox, Massachusetts in 1941.

Career
Hastings was a leader in the field of photobiology, especially bioluminescence. He was one of the founders of the field of circadian biology (the study of circadian rhythms, or the sleep-wake cycle). He was a professor at Harvard University. He has published over 400 papers and co-edited three books.

Death
Hastings died of pulmonary fibrosis on August 6, 2014 at Lexington, Massachusetts.

References

For more information

For works by Hastings
 Publications by J.W. Hastings

Other websites
 Hastings' Department of Molecular and Cellular Faculty Page 
 Hastings Lab Home Page 
 Hastings Page at the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at Harvard 
 National Academy of Sciences profile of Professor J. Woodland Hastings

1927 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from pulmonary fibrosis
Educators from Delaware
Scientists from Massachusetts
People from Salisbury, Maryland
Writers from Delaware
Writers from Maryland
Scientists from Maryland
Scientists from Wilmington, Delaware
Writers from Massachusetts
People from Lenox, Massachusetts
Educators from Maryland
Educators from Massachusetts
Good Times is an American sitcom that originally aired from February 8, 1974, until August 1, 1979, on CBS. It was created by Eric Monte and Mike Evans, and developed by Norman Lear, the series' primary executive producer. Good Times is a spin-off of Maude, which is itself a spin-off of All in the Family. It is set in Chicago, Illinois.

1974 television series debuts
1980 television series endings
Television series set in Chicago, Illinois
CBS network shows
English-language television programs
Brian Friel (9 January 1929 – 2 October 2015) was an Irish dramatist, author and director of the Field Day Theatre Company. Until his death, he was thought to be one of the greatest living English-language dramatists. Friel is best known for plays such as Philadelphia, Here I Come! and Dancing at Lughnasa, but has written more than thirty plays in a career spanning for sixty years.

Death
Friel died after a long illness on 2 October 2015 in Greencastle, County Donegal. He was 86.

References

Other websites
 
 
Faber and Faber  – UK publisher of Brian Friel's plays
About Friel: The Playwright and the Work  ed. by Tony Coult
Brian Friel in Conversation ed. by Paul Delaney
The Diviner: The Art of Brian Friel  by Richard Pine

1929 births
2015 deaths
Disease-related deaths in the Republic of Ireland
Irish stage actors
Northern Ireland people
Tony Award winners
Family Matters is an American sitcom which originated on ABC from September 22, 1989 to May 9, 1997 and then aired on CBS from September 19, 1997 to July 17, 1998. It ran for nine seasons. It is set in Chicago, Illinois.

1989 American television series debuts
1998 American television series endings
1980s American black sitcoms
1990s American television series
American sitcoms
Television series set in Chicago, Illinois
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
Google Street View is a feature that is used by Google Maps and Google Earth to show various streets throughout the world.  Urban areas have the most pictures; many rural areas have none.  The program was launched on May 25, 2007 and now has 48 countries with full or partial coverage.

Countries 

Countries in bold symbolize countries with full coverage.

References

Other websites
 Official Website
 Google Maps
 Map of Street View coverage

Street View
John George Bartholomew (22 March 1860 - 14 April 1920) was a British cartographer and geographer. Because he had a royal warrant, he used the name "Cartographer to the King". He is also known as "the Prince of Cartography."

Bartholomew is best known for naming the continent Antarctica, which before was ignored because of its lack of resources and bad weather.

Biography 

Bartholomew came from a family of great map-makers. He was the son of Scottish cartographer John Bartholomew Junior and grandson of the founder of a very popular map-making company named John Bartholomew and Son Ltd.

Bartholomew helped make John Bartholomew and Son Ltd. one of the best in the business. During this time, he also introduced the use of colored contour layer maps; he also helped future travelers by making many maps of major cities, railroads, and so on.

He worked with major scientific figures and travelers on projects involving their studies. During his life, he worked on an Atlas of Meteorology and Atlas of Zoo geography, however, he never finished. Before he died he was able to plan out the first edition of the Times Survey Atlas of the World; which would later become the most successful atlas project of the twentieth century.

Legacy 

Bartholomew received the Victoria Research Gold Medal and Helen Carver medal. He was also put in the Royal Geographical Society.

References 

Cartographers
1860 births
1920 deaths
The British Antarctic Expedition 1907–09 was also called the Nimrod Expedition. It was the first of three expeditions to the Antarctic led by Ernest Shackleton. The purpose of the journey was to reach the South Pole. They did not reach the South Pole. They had to turn back, 180.6 kilometers (112.2 miles) away from their destination. This was much nearer the Pole than anyone else had come. The group was also the first to climb Mount Erebus.

The group returned as heroes. Shackleton received many awards. These included a knighthood from King Edward VIII. Three years later, a group led by Roald Amundsen was first to arrive at the South Pole.

References 

Antarctica
Exploration
1907 establishments
1909 disestablishments
Establishments in Antarctica
The Cercopithecinae are an important subfamily of Old World monkeys. There are 12 genera and about 71 species. the baboons, the macaques and the vervet monkeys.

Most of then live in sub-Saharan Africa, but the macaques range from the far eastern parts of Asia through northern Africa, and Gibraltar.

Characteristics 
The various species are adapted to the different terrains they inhabit. Tree-dwelling (arboreal) species are slim, delicate and have a long tail. Ground-dwelling species are heavier, and their tail may be small or nonexistent. All species have well-developed thumbs.

Like many Old World monkeys, they have pads on their bottoms. These are called ischial callosities. They let the monkeys sleep sitting upright on thin branches, beyond reach of predators, without falling off. In some species, these pads change their colour during the mating period.

These monkeys are active in the daytime, and live together in social groups. They live in all types of terrain and climate, from cool mountains to rain forests, savannah, bald rocky areas or even snowy mountains, as does the Japanese macaque.

Most species are omnivorous, with diets ranging from fruits, leaves, seeds, buds, and mushrooms to insects and spiders to smaller vertebrates. All species have cheek pouches in which they can store food.

Gestation lasts approximately six to seven months. Young are weaned after three to 12 months and are fully mature within three to five years. The life expectancy of some species can be as long as 50 years.

Related pages 
Macaca
Papio
Mandrillus

References 

Old World monkeys
Sodium cyclamate is an artificial sweetener. It is 30 to 50 times sweeter than sugar. Even though other artificial sweeteners are more potent, sodium cyclamate is often used because of its taste, which is close to natuarally occurring sugar. Some studies have found that sodium cyclamate causes cancer. For this reason, its use is forbidden in the United States. In the European Union, the use in certain kinds of products is limited (to a maximal dose).

References

Sweeteners
Claude Bertrand (March 28, 1917 – August 7, 2014) was a Canadian neurosurgeon.

Bertrand was born in Sherbrooke, Quebec. He received a Bachelor of Arts in 1934 and a Doctor of Medicine from Université de Montréal in 1940. He went to Oxford in 1946.

In 1971, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada "for his research work and his contribution to the advancement of neurosurgery".

He died on August 7, 2014.

References

1917 births
2014 deaths
Canadian scientists
People from Quebec
Canadian physicians
Surgeons
Bud Spencer (born Carlo Pedersoli; 31 October 1929 – 27 June 2016) was an Italian actor, filmmaker and a former professional swimmer. He was known for working on comedy movies with his longtime friend Terence Hill. Spencer is known for his roles in They Call Me Trinity, Trinity Is Still My Name, Crime Busters, Miami Supercops, and in Troublemakers.

References

Other websites

Hill & Spencer website  
Carlo Pedersoli at sports-reference.com 

1929 births
2016 deaths
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Italian movie directors
Italian sportspeople
Italian writers
Italian singers
Italian fashion designers
Italian screenwriters
Comedians
Italian lawyers
Swimmers
People from Naples
20th-century Italian composers
21st-century Italian composers
The Vampire Diaries is an American television series. It premiered on September 10, 2009 on The CW. The show ended on March 10, 2017.

References

Other websites
Official website 

2009 television series debuts
American television series
English-language television programs
Pierre Ryckmans (28 September 1935 – 11 August 2014), also known by his pen name Simon Leys, was a Belgian-Australian diplomat, writer, sinologist, essayist and literary critic. He wrote in many language including Chinese, French and English. He wrote the novel Chinese Shadows (Ombres Chinoises) in 1974 in French, which was later translated to English in 1977. He was also the Professor of Chinese Studies at the University of Sydney in Sydney, New South Wales from 1987 until 1993.

Ryckmans was born in Brussels. He studied Chinese culture, art and literature in Hong Kong, Taiwan and China. He moved to Australia in 1970. He later taught Chinese in many universities all over the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales. He was married and had four children.

Ryckmans died from cancer on 11 August 2014 in Sydney, aged 78.

References

Other websites
 

1935 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in Sydney
Australian critics
Australian diplomats
Australian essayists
Belgian essayists
Linguists
Translators
University of Sydney faculty
Writers from Brussels
"Please Mr. Postman" is the first single of The Marvelettes on the Motown record label. This was the first Motown song to reach #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart. The song was released in the summer of 1961.

The song was also recorded by The Carpenters in 1974. Their single also hit #1 on Billboard Hot 100.

References 

1961 songs
Pop songs
Julián Berrendero Martín (born San Agustín del Guadalix, 8 April 1912, died Madrid, 1 August 1995) was a Spanish cyclist. He is famous for winning the Vuelta a España in 1941 and 1942. In 1936 he won the polka dot jersey at the Tour de France for the best climber in the race. He also won two mountains jerseys at the Vuelta a España.

Major results 

1935
GP de la Bicicleta Eibarresa
Tour of Galicia
1936
GP Republica (incl. 3 stages)
Tour de France:
 Winner Mountains classification
 11th place overall classification
1937
Tour de France:
 Winner stage 15
15th place overall classification
1938
Tour de France:
29th place overall classification
1941
Circuito de Getxo
Vuelta Ciclista a Navarra
Vuelta a España:
Winner stages 1 and 20
 Winner overall classification
1942
 Spanish National Road Race Championship
 Spanish National Cyclo-Cross Championship
Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana
Vuelta a España:
 Winner overall classification
 Winner Mountains classification
Winner stages 1 and 9B
1943
 Spanish National Road Race Championship
 Volta a Catalunya
 Trofeo Masferrer
1944
 Spanish National Road Race Championship
 Spanish National Cyclo-Cross Championship
Circuito de Getxo
Clasica a los Puertos de Guadarrama
1945
San Antonio de Durango
Vuelta a España:
 2nd place overall classification
 Winner Mountains classification
Winner stages 1 and 17
1946
 Volta a Catalunya
Vuelta a España:
 2nd place overall classification
Winner stages 4, 18B and 20
1947
Clasica a los Puertos de Guadarrama
Vuelta a España:
Winner stage 3
6th place overall classification
1948
Vuelta a España:
Winner stage 1A

References

Other websites 
Official Tour de France results for Julián Berrendero

1912 births
1995 deaths
Spanish cyclists
Shree Krishna Shrestha (April 19, 1967 – August 10, 2014) () was a Nepalese actor. He achieved nation wide recognition with roles in movies like Maiti and Afno Manche.

Shrestha died in New Delhi, India from pneumonia, aged 44. He is survived by his wife Sweta Khadka, for whom he was married to for only a month.

References

Other websites

1970 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in India
Nepalese movie actors
People from Kathmandu
Vladimir Beara (2 November 1928 – 11 August 2014) was a Yugoslav football player, as goalkeeper, and also football manager. Beara played for Hajduk Split (1946–55) Beara played 308 games, and helped his team to win the Yugoslav league title in 1950, 1952 and 1955.

Beara died in Split, Croatia, aged 85.

References

Other websites

Vladimir Beara Profile at Reprezentacija.rs
Profile at weltfussball.de

1928 births
2014 deaths
Association football goalkeepers
Yugoslavian sportspeople
1952 Summer Olympics
Raymond Gravel (November 4, 1952 – August 11, 2014) was an Canadian Catholic priest from the Canadian province of Quebec. He was formerly the Member of Parliament for the riding of Repentigny, as a member of the Bloc Québécois. He was elected to the House of Commons in a November 27, 2006 by-election following the death of Benoît Sauvageau.

Gravel died of lung cancer in Lanaudière, Quebec. He was 61.

References

Other websites
 Montreal Gazette: "Controversial priest wants Bloc Repentigny nomination". The Gazette, October 25, 2006.

1952 births
2014 deaths

Cancer deaths in Quebec
Deaths from lung cancer
Politicians from Quebec
Roman Catholic priests
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Tiburon is an incorporated town in Marin County, California. The population was 8,962 at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites

Towns in California
Unincorporated communities in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
111 South Wacker Drive is an office tower in Chicago. Completed in 2005 at 681 feet (208 m), the 51 story blue-glass structure is one of the tallest in the city. It sits on the site of the former U.S. Gypsum Building.

Related pages 
 List of tallest buildings in the United States
 List of tallest buildings in Chicago

Other websites 

 Emporis listing
 Emporis listing for older design
 Official Website
 Property Magazine International - 111 South Wacker Drive in Chicago receives second LEED gold certification

Skyscrapers in Chicago
2005 establishments in Illinois
The Carbide & Carbon Building is a Chicago landmark located at 230 N. Michigan Avenue. The building, which was built in 1929, is an example of Art Deco architecture.  

It was designed by Burnham Brothers. The architect was Daniel Burnham.  The Carbide and Carbon Building was originally home to the regional office of Union Carbide and Carbon Co., which later became Union Carbide Corp. The skyscraper was designated a Chicago Landmark on May 9, 1996. 

It was built as a skyscraper office tower. The building has 37 floors and is  tall. The top of the building is covered in pure gold. It is also modeled as a wine glass to show a resistance against the prohibition of alcohol in the United States.

Other websites

 Chicago Landmarks: Carbide and Carbon Building 
 Carbide & Carbon Building on Emporis
 Hard Rock Hotel Chicago

Skyscrapers in Chicago
Landmarks in Chicago
1929 establishments in Illinois
55 East Erie is an all-residential skyscraper in Chicago. It is at 647 ft (197 m). I was designed by Fujikawa Johnson & Associates and Searl & Associates Architects. It is 56 stories tall. The building was completed in 2004. It is the fourth-tallest all-residential building in the United States after Trump World Tower in New York City, One Museum Park in Chicago, and the nearby 340 on the Park completed in 2007 in Chicago.

Other websites
Emporis listing
55 East Erie Condominium Association Website
Sudler Property Management Website 

Skyscrapers in Chicago
2004 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Illinois
Joseph "Joe" Viskocil (December 21, 1952 – August 11, 2014) was an American visual effects artist. He had over 80 credits between 1974 and 2014. His movie credits include Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (1977) Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980), The Terminator (1984) and Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991). For Independence Day (1996), he won an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects at the 69th Academy Awards in 1997.

Viskocil died on August 11, 2014 in Los Angeles, California from complications from multiple organ failure, aged 61.

References

Other websites
 

1952 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Academy Award winners
American artists
Disease-related deaths in the United States
The Home Insurance Building was a skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. It was the first building to be called a skyscraper. It was also the first tall building to be supported, both inside and outside, by a fireproof metal frame. It used to stand at 138 ft (42 m). William Le Baron Jenney designed the building.

History
The Home Insurance Building was built in 1884 in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It was the first tall building to use structural steel in its frame. Most of its structure was made of cast and wrought iron. While the Ditherington Flax Mill was an earlier fireproof-metal-framed building, it was only five stories tall.

The site
The Field Building, later known as the La Salle Bank Building and now the Bank of America Building, built in 1931, now stands on the site.  In 1932, owners placed a plaque in the southwest section of the lobby reading:

This section of the Field Building is erected on the site of the Home Insurance Building, which structure, designed and built in eighteen hundred and eighty four by the late William Le Baron Jenney, was the first high building to utilize as the basic principle of its design the method known as skeleton construction and, being a primal influence in the acceptance of this principle was the true father of the skyscraper, 1932.

References

Other websites
 Information and Pictures at Emporis (English)
 Information and Drawings at SkyscraperPage (English)

Skyscrapers in Chicago
330 North Wabash (formerly IBM Plaza also known as IBM Building and now renamed AMA Plaza) is a skyscraper in downtown Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is at 330 N. Wabash Avenue. It was designed by famed architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (who died in 1969 before construction began). The 52-story building is overlooking the Chicago River. It stands 695 feet (211,8 meters).

References

Other websites

330 N Wabash building website 
The LanghamChicago website
Emporis.com page

Skyscrapers in Chicago
1973 establishments in Illinois
The Civic Opera House is an opera house located at 20 North Wacker Drive in Chicago. It is part of a building which contains a 45-story office tower and two 22-story wings, known as the Civic Opera Building. This structure opened on November 4, 1929 and has an Art Deco interior.   

The Civic Opera House has 3,563 seats, making it the second-largest opera auditorium in North America. Built for the Chicago Civic Opera, today it is the permanent home of the Lyric Opera of Chicago. 

Buildings and structures in Chicago, Illinois
Opera houses
1929 establishments in Illinois
Union Station is a major railroad station that opened in 1925 in Chicago. It replaced an earlier station built in 1881.  It is now the only intercity rail terminal in Chicago, as well as being the city's primary terminal for commuter trains. 

The station stands on the west side of the Chicago River between West Adams Street and West Jackson Boulevard, just outside the Chicago Loop. Including approach and storage tracks, it is about nine and a half city blocks in size. Its facilities are mostly underground, buried beneath streets and skyscrapers. It is located near the Willis Tower.

Other websites

Railway stations in the United States
Buildings and structures in Chicago, Illinois
1925 establishments in Illinois
Holy Name Cathedral, formally the Cathedral of the Holy Name, is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago, one of the largest Roman Catholic dioceses in the United States. It is also the parish church of the Archbishop of Chicago.

It is located in Chicago, Illinois in the United States, Holy Name Cathedral replaced the Cathedral of Saint Mary and the Church of the Holy Name, both destroyed by the Great Chicago Fire in October 1871. The cathedral was finally dedicated on November 21, 1875.

References

Other websites

Roman Catholic Cathedrals
National Register of Historic Places
Cathedrals in the United States
Churches in Chicago
Landmarks in Chicago
1874 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Illinois
1843 establishments in the United States
Christianity in the United States
Chicago, Illinois
1840s establishments in Illinois
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago () was established as a diocese in 1843 and as an archdiocese in 1880. This local church is shepherded by Blase J. Cupich. It is one of the largest Roman Catholic dioceses in the United States 

Leadership: Pope Francis, Cardinal Blase Cupich
Michael Louis Pfleger (born May 22, 1949) is an American Roman Catholic priest and a social activist. He is a very known priest in Chicago, Illinois. He was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Chicago on May 14, 1975.

References

Other websites
Saint Sabina Parish Website
Saint Sabina biography of Michael Pfleger

1949 births
Living people
American Roman Catholics
Christian ministers
People from Chicago
Allstate Arena (originally Rosemont Horizon) is a multi-purpose arena in Rosemont, Illinois. It is home to the Chicago Rush of the Arena Football League, DePaul University's men's basketball team, the Chicago Wolves of the AHL, and the Chicago Sky of the WNBA.  It is located near the intersection of Mannheim Road and Interstate 90, adjacent to the city limits of Chicago and O'Hare International Airport.

References

Other websites
Official Website
DePaul Athletics - Allstate Arena 

Buildings and structures in Chicago, Illinois
1980 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Illinois
Carola Maria Häggkvist (; born 8 September 1966), also known as simply Carola, is a Swedish singer and occasional songwriter. She has been among Sweden's most popular performers since the early 1980s, and has released albums ranging from pop and disco to hymns and folk music. Some of her greatest hits include Främling (English: Stranger) from 1983, Tommy tycker om mig (Tommy likes me) from 1984, Fångad av en stormvind (Captured by a Lovestorm) from 1991, All the Reasons to Live from 1992, I Believe in Love from 2001, Genom allt (Through it all) from 2005 and Evighet (Eternity) from 2006.

She has represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest on three occasions: in 1983, finishing third; in 1991, winning the contest; and in 2006, finishing fifth, which makes her one of the artists with the best track record in Eurovision history.

Carola has released records in various languages: Swedish, Dutch,  German,  English, Norwegian and Japanese.

References

Other websites

1966 births
Living people
Swedish singers
Eurovision Song Contest entrants
Eurovision Song Contest winners
Naples is an incorporated town in Scott County in the U.S. state of Illinois. The population was 130 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Jacksonville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

References

Towns in Illinois
River North a neighborhood in the Near North Side community area of Chicago, Illinois. It is near Michigan Avenue to the east, Chicago Avenue to the north, and the Chicago River to the south and west.

Neighborhoods in Chicago
Dame Kathleen Mary Ollerenshaw, née Timpson, DBE (1 October 1912 – 10 August 2014) was a British mathematician and politician. She was Lord Mayor of Manchester from 1975 to 1976 and an advisor on educational matters to Margaret Thatcher's government in the 1980s.

Ollerenshaw died in Didsbury, England on 10 August 2014 from natural causes, aged 101.

References

Other websites
"Dame Kathleen Timpson Ollerenshaw", Biographies of Women Mathematicians

1912 births
2014 deaths
British centenarians
British mayors
People from Manchester
Politicians from Lancashire
Irena "Kika" Szaszkiewiczowa (4 March 1917 – 11 August 2014) was a Polish artist, writer and blogger.

Her fictional adventures were described in the comics called Szaszkiewiczowa, czyli Ksylolit w jej życiu, which was being published in Przekrój since 1958. During World War II, she was a member of Armia Krajowa. In 1969–2007 she lived in Norway. 

In 2011, she published her memoir titled Podwójne życie Szaszkiewiczowej (The Double Life of Szaszkiewiczowa). Since 2013, she runs a blog Moje pierwsze 100 lat (My First 100 Years). Her sister, Maria Jarochowska, was a writer and communist activist.

Szaszkiewiczowa died in her appartament in Kraków, Poland from natural causes, aged 97.

Bibliography 
 Irena Kika Szaszkiewiczowa: Podwójne życie Szaszkiewiczowej. Wydawnictwo Literackie, Kraków 2011. ISBN 978-83-08-04790-3.

Other websites 

 Szaszkiewiczowa blog 

1917 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Polish writers
Polish artists
Bloggers
People from Kraków