cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Nord-Est (English: North-East) is one of the ten departments (French: départments, singular départment) of Haiti. It is in the northeastern corner of the country, along the border with the Dominican Republic. Its capital is Fort-Liberté.

After the Haitian Revolution, the country was divided into only three departments: Nord, Ouest and Sud. The Nord-Est department was part of the Nord department.

Geography 
The Départment du Nord-Est, with an area of 1,805 km², is the second smallest department of Haiti; only the Nippes department is smaller.

The department is bordered to the north by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west by the Nord Department and to the south by the Centre Department. It borders the Dominican Republic to the east.

The only important river in the province is the Dajabón River, known also as Massacre. This river marks the Dominican-Haitian border from the Dominican city of Dajabón to its mouth.

The Massif du Nord mountain range, known in the Dominican Republic as Cordillera Central, runs from the northwest to the southeast along the southern half of the department.

The Pleine du Nord (in English, "Northern Plain"), with several savannas, is in the northern half of the department.

Population 
The department had, in the 2003 census, a population of 308,385 persons: 150,525 men and 157,860 women, with 117,872 (38.22%) living in cities and towns. The population density was, in that year, of 171 persons/km².

The main cities are Fort-Liberté (the capital) and Ouanaminthe.

Administrative division 
The department is divided into four arrondissements (like districts) and 13 communes (like municipalities). The "arrondissements" and their "communes" are:

 Fort-Liberté
 Fort-Liberté
 Perches
 Ferrier
 Ouanaminthe
 Ouanaminthe
 Capotille
 Mont-Organisé
 (le) Trou-du-Nord
 Trou-du-Nord
 Caracol
 Sainte-Suzanne
 Terrier-Rouge
 Vallières
 Vallières
 Carice
 Mombin-Crochu

Economy 
The main economic activity in the department is agriculture, with many very small farms where beans, peanut, maize and other things are grown. In the mountains, coffee is grown.

Fishing is an important activity along the coast, and commerce is the main activity in Ouanaminthe.

References 

Departments of Haiti
Nord-Ouest (English: North-West) is one of the ten departments (French: départments, singular départment) of Haiti. It is in the northwestern part of the country. Its capital is Port-de-Paix.

After the Haitian Revolution, the country was divided into only three departments: Nord, Ouest and Sud. The Nord-Ouest department was part of the Nord department.

Geography 
The Départment du Nord-Ouest has an area of 2,176 km². The Tortuga Island is part of this department. The department is in the Northern, or Northwestern, Peninsula. It is a very dry region, except for the Tortuga Island and the area around Port-de-Paix.

The department is bordered to the north by the Atlantic Ocean, to the east by the Nord Department and to the south by the Artibonite Department and the Gulf of Gonâve. To the east is the Windward Passage that separates the islands of Hispaniola and Cuba. On clear nights, it is possible to see the Guantánamo Province of Cuba.

The Massif du Nord-Ouest (in English, "Northwestern mountain range"), with several smaller mountain chains, covers most of the department. Its western end is almost flat and is called the Plateau de Bombardopolis ("Bombardopolis Plateau").

Low lands are found only close to the coast and the most important are the Jean Rabel Valley and the Valley of the Trois-Rivières on the northern part, and the Plain of L'Arbre on the southern part of the department.

The river Trois-Rivières, one of the most important river in Haiti, is in this department. Other smaller rivers are Jean Rabel and du Mole.

History 
The northern coast of the Départment du Nord-Ouest was the area that European people first visited in the Hispaniola island during the first visit of Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492.

On the night of 5 December 1492 he saw the Cape Saint-Nicolas and the next day he went into the Bay of the Môle-Saint-Nicolas and to the land where now is the town Môle-Saint-Nicolas.

On 7 December, he visited the bays Port-à-l'Écu and Moustique; he named the Moustique Bay ("Mosquito Bay") as Puerto de la Concepción and he stayed there till 13 December. Then he went to the bay of Port-de-Paix and named it Valle del Paraíso or Valparaiso (Spanish for "Paradise Valley") on 15 December.

Population 
The department had, in the 2003 census, a population of 531,198 persons: 256,238 men and 274,960 women, with 118,798 (22.36%) living in cities and towns. The population density was, in that year, of 244 persons/km².

Administrative division 
The department is divided into three arrondissements (like districts) and 10 communes (like municipalities). The "arrondissements" and their "communes" are:
 Môle-Saint-Nicolas
 Baie de Henne
 Bombardopolis
 Jean-Rabel
 Môle-Saint-Nicolas
 Port-de-Paix
 Bassin Bleu
 Chansolme
 La Tortue
 Port-de-Paix
 Saint-Louis-du-Nord
 Anse-à-Foleur
 Saint-Louis-du-Nord

Economy 
The main economic activity in the department is agriculture, with many very small farms where different crops are grown. On the mountains, coffee is grown.

Fishing is an important activity along the coast.

References 

Departments of Haiti
Apache is the name for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the United States. They hunted deer and they also ate berries and lots of fruit.They were nomadic which meant that they followed food and never stayed in one place for a long period of time. They are from the second migration of Native Americans which were the Na Dene which also includes the Chipewyan and the Cheyenne of Canada. Evidence proves that the Na Dene came from the Ket people of Siberia.oi

Native American
Quickborn is a town in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is about 17 km east of Elmshorn, and 20 km north of Hamburg.  

Quickborn is twinned with Uckfield, East Sussex.

References

Other websites
Iguana is a type of lizard that lives in tropical areas of Central and South America and the Caribbean. There are only two species of Iguana: the Green Iguana and the Lesser Antillean Iguana

Appearance 
The two species of lizard both have a dewlap, a row of spines running down their back to their tail, and a third eye on their head. This eye is known as the parietal eye, which looks just like a pale scale on the top of their head. Behind their neck are small scales which look like spikes, and are called tuberculate scales. They also have a large round scale on their cheek called a subtympanic shield.

Senses 
Iguanas have excellent vision and can see long distances, shapes, shadows, color and movement. An iguana uses its eyes to navigate through trees and forests, as well as for finding food. They also use their eyes to communicate with members of the same species. An iguana's ear is called a tympanum. It is the iguana's ear drum and is found right above the subtympanic shield and behind the eye. This is a very thin, delicate part of the iguana, and is very important to its hearing. Iguanas arcool

Iguania
La traviata is an Italian opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi, libretto by Francesco Maria Piave, after Alexandre Dumas, fils's novel La dame aux camélias, published in 1848. It was first performed at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice, on March 6, 1853. The title "La traviata" means literally The Woman Who Strayed, or perhaps more figuratively, The Fallen One. Although a failure at its premiere, the opera soon established itself and became one of the best-loved and most frequently performed, recorded and filmed of all operas. Notable interpreters of Traviata have included; Maria Callas, Anna Moffo, Renata Scotto, Beverly Sills, amongst many others.

Principal roles and voice types 

 Violetta - soprano
 Alfredo - tenor
 Germont - baritone

Sources 
 The Complete Dictionnary of Opera & Operetta, James Anderson, Vikings Books, 1989.

Compositions by Giuseppe Verdi
Operas
Dil Se (, , translation: From the Heart) is a 1998 Hindi movie. It was directed by Mani Ratnam. The movie was also released in Tamil as Uyire and in Telugu as Prema Tho. It stars Shahrukh Khan, Manisha Koirala, and Preity Zinta. Mani Ratnam also wrote the screenplay for the movie.  It was produced by Mani Ratnam and Ram Gopal Varma along with Shekar Kapur.

The movie was shot in Jammu & Kashmir, Assam, Delhi and other parts of India and Bhutan over a period of 55 days.  Its cinematography won a National Film Award for cinematographer Santosh Sivan. The movie score and soundtrack were composed by A. R. Rahman. A. R. Rahman received a Filmfare Award for the music. The movie became the first Indian movie to reach the Top 10 in the UK Box Office Charts, when released in 1998.

Cast
Shah Rukh Khan ... Amarkant "Amar" Varma
Manisha Koirala ... Meghna
Preity Zinta ... Preeti
Mita Vasisht as Mita
Pooja Ruparel as Preeti Nair's sister
Arundhati Rao as Kanval Dev Burman – AIR station director
Raghuvir Yadav as Shukla ji – AIR manager
Zohra Sehgal as Amar's Grandmother
Janagaraj as Taxi Driver
Gautam Bora as terrorist Leader
Sabyasachi Chakrabarty as terrorist
Aditya Srivastava as Terrorist
Sanjay Mishra as terrorist
Anupam Shyam as terrorist
Shabbir Masani as terrorist
Krisn Kant as Kim terrorist
Manjit Bawa as terrorist
Vineeta Malik as Amar's mother
Piyush Mishra as CBI investigation officer
Gajraj Rao as CBI investigation officer
Priya Parulekar as Young Moina
Malaika Arora in the item number "Chaiyya Chaiyya"
Vanitha Malik as school teacher
Tigmanshu Dhulia as cameo appearance as man at the post office
Sameer Chanda as cameo appearance Tuba music shop dealer
Shaad Ali as cameo as citizen of Silchar
R. K. Nair as Preeti's father
Alka as Preeti's Mother
Rajiv Gupta as Sub inspector
Avtar Sahani as Army general
Lakshmi Rattan as Hazarika army official
Sheeba Chaddha as Moina's sister
Suhail Nayyar as child artist
Jessica as child artist
Ishitha as child artist
Subhadeep Sanyal as child artist

Awards
The movie has won the following awards since its release:

1999 Berlin International Film Festival (Germany) 
 Won - Netpac Award - Special Mention - Mani Ratnam

1999 National Film Awards (India) 
 Won - Silver Lotus Award - Best Cinematography - Santosh Sivan
 Won - Silver Lotus Award - Best Audiography - H. Sridhar

1999 Filmfare Awards (India)
 Won - Best Debut - Preity Zinta
 Won - Best Lyricist - Gulzar
 Won - Best Male Playback - Sukhwinder Singh for "Chaiyya Chaiyya"
 Won - Best Music Director - A. R. Rahman
 Won - Best Choreography - Farah Khan
 Won - Best Cinematographer - Santosh Sivan

Soundtrack
The soundtrack features 5 songs composed by A. R. Rahman, with lyrics by Gulzar.

Track listing:
"Chaiyya Chaiyya" (6:52) – Sukhwinder Singh, Sapna Awasti
"Jiya Jale" (4:12) –  Lata Mangeshkar, M.G. Sreekumar
"Dil Se Re" (6:54) – A. R. Rahman, Anuradha, Anupama
"E Ajnabi" (5:32) –   Udit Narayan, Mahalakshmi
"Thayya Thayya" (4:35) – Sukhwinder Singh
"Satrangi Re" (7:12) – Sonu Nigam

References

Other websites

Indian movies
1998 movies
Mani Ratnam () (born June 2, 1956) is a Tamil Indian movie director, writer and producer.

Filmography
The following is the list of movies directed by Mani Ratnam. For many of these movies, Mani Ratnam is also credited for the story, screenplay and producing:

Director

Non-Director
Mani Ratnam established Madras Talkies for movie production during the shoot of Iruvar. Mani Ratnam had earlier produced Thiruda Thiruda under his personal name. All movies directed by Mani Ratnam subsequent to Iruvar have been produced through Madras Talkies. Apart from production, Mani Ratnam also has written story and screenplay for movies directed by others.

 Indira (1996) - Screenplay (Movie was directed by his wife Suhasini)
 Gayam (1993) - Story & Screenplay (Telugu Movie)
 Chatriyan - Story & Screenplay
 Tajmahal - Story & Screenplay
 Aasai (1995) - Producer
 Nerrukku Ner (1997) - Producer (Madras Talkies)
 Dumm Dumm Dumm (2001) - Story & Screenplay
 Saathiya (2002) - Screenplay (Movie is a re-make of Alaipayuthey and was directed by his assistant Shaad Ali) and Producer (Madras Talkies)
 Five Star (2003) - Producer (Madras Talkies)

Writer

Other websites
 
 Director Mani Ratnam: A living Legend in Film Making 
 Technical Analysis of Mani Ratnam Films 
 Mani Ratnam and A. R. Rahman
 Mani Ratnam: Brief film descriptions 
 A Mani Ratnam Interview 
 Mani Ratnam - article and interview 
Interview with Bharathan Kandaswamy and Mani Ratnam 

Indian movie directors
Indian screenwriters
Indian movie producers
1956 births
Living people
Tamil people
James Brian Jacques (pronounced "Jakes") (15 June 1939 - 5 February 2011) was an English author. He is best known for his Redwall series of books, as well as the Tribes of Redwall and Castaways of the Flying Dutchman series. He also wrote two books of short stories called, The Ribbajack & Other Curious Yarns and Seven Strange and Ghostly Tales.

The books he has written

Redwall series
 Redwall (1986)
 Mossflower (1988)
 Mattimeo (1989)
 Mariel of Redwall (1991)
 Salamandastron (1992)
 Martin the Warrior (1993)
 The Bellmaker (1994)
 Outcast of Redwall (1995)
 The Pearls of Lutra (1996)
 The Long Patrol (1997)
 Marlfox (1998)
 The Legend of Luke (1999)
 Lord Brocktree (2000)
 The Taggerung (2001)
 Triss (2002)
 Loamhedge (2003)
 Rakkety Tam (2004)
 High Rhulain (2005)
 Eulalia! (2007)
 Doomwyte (2008)
 The Sable Quean (2010)
 The Rogue Crew (2011)

Redwall picture books
 The Great Redwall Feast (1996)
 A Redwall Winter's Tale (2001)
 Redwall Friend & Foe (2000)
 The Redwall Cookbook (2005)

Castaways of the Flying Dutchman series
Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
The Angel's Command
Voyage of Slaves

References

Other websites
 Official Redwall Website
 The Redwall Wiki - A collaborative Redwall information resource

1939 births
2011 deaths
English writers
is a freeware video game released in 2004 for PC. It was thought of and created over five years by Daisuke Amaya, known by his pseudonym, or art name, Pixel. The game is an action-adventure game, and is similar to the Castlevania and Metroid games. It was first made in Japanese, and was translated to English by the fan translating group, Aeon Genesis.

References 

Notes

2004 video games
Amiga games
Dreamcast games
Freeware games
Indie video games
Nintendo 3DS games
Nintendo Switch games
MacOS games
Platform games
Sega Genesis games
Video games developed in Japan
Wii games
Windows games
Sud (English: South) is one of the ten departments (French: départments, singular départment) of Haiti. Its capital is Les Cayes.

Geography 
The Départment du Sud has an area of 2,794 km². It is bordered to the north by the Grand'Anse and Nippes departments, to the east by the Sud-Est Department and by the Caribbean Sea to the west and south.

The Massiff de la Hotte, an important Haitian mountain range, runs from west to east along the centre of the department. Because of this, rivers here are short; some of them are Acul du Sud, Torbeck, Ravine du Sud, de l'Ilet, Cavaillon, des Anglais, Port à Piment, Saut Mathurine, de Tiburon.

Population 
The department had, in the 2003 census, a population of 621,651 persons: 312,729 men and 308.922 women, with only 109,623 (17.63%) living in cities and towns.

Administrative division 
The department is divided into five arrondissements (like districts) and 18 communes (like municipalities). The "arrondissements" and their "communes" are:
 Aquin
 Aquin
 Cavaillon
 Saint-Louis-du-Sud
 Les Cayes
 Les Cayes
 Camp-Perrin
 Chantal
 Maniche
 Île-à-Vache
 Torbeck
 Les Chardonnières
 Les Chardonnières
 Les Anglais
 Tiburon
 Les Côteaux
 Les Côteaux
 Port-à-Piment
 Roche-à-Bateau
 Port-Salut
 Port-Salut
 Arniquet
 Saint-Jean-du-Sud

References 

Departments of Haiti
Sud-Est (English: South-East) is one of the ten departments (French: départments, singular départment) of Haiti. Its capital is Jacmel.

After the Haitian Revolution, the country was divided into only three departments: Nord, Ouest and Sud. The Sud-Est department was part of the Sud department.

Geography 
The Départment du Sud-Est has an area of 2,023 km². The department is in the Southern Peninsula, also known as the Tiburon Peninsula.

It is bordered to the north by the Ouest Department, to the west by the Sud Department and to the south by the Caribbean Sea. It borders the Dominican Republic to the east.

The Massif de la Selle is the main mountain range in the département and it covers almost all the department except for some small valleys near the coast, as the Jacmel valley. The highest mountain of Haiti, Pic la Selle (2,680 metres), is in the Massif de la Selle.

Rivers are short and they flow into the Caribbean Sea. The most important river is La Grande Rivière de Jacmel. Other rivers are Bainet, Belle-Anse, des Côtes-de-Fer, Gauche, de la Gosseline, Marigot and Pedernales; Pedernales marks the border with the Dominican Republic and is common to both countries.

Population 
The department had, in the 2003 census, a population of 484,675 persons: 235,187 men and 249,488 women, with 59,642 (12.31%) living in cities and towns. The population density was, in that year, of 240 persons/km².

Administrative division 
The department is divided into three arrondissements (like districts) and 10 communes (like municipalities). The "arrondissements" and their "communes" are:
 Bainet
 Bainet
 Côtes-de-Fer
 Belle-Anse
 Anse-à-Pitres
 Belle-Anse
 Grand-Gosier
 Thiotte
 Jacmel
 Cayes Jacmel
 Jacmel
 La Vallée
 Marigot

Economy 
The main economic activity in the department is agriculture, with many very small farms where different crops are grown. On the mountains, coffee is grown.

Fishing is an important activity along the coast.

References 

Departments of Haiti
Earth Angel is the name of a 1950s love song by the Penguins. It reached number 1 on the billboard charts in 1954.

1950s songs
Xanten (Latin: Castra Vetera or Xantum) () is a historic town in the Wesel district of the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany. Xanten is known for the Archaeological Park as well as its mediaeval picturesque city centre with Xanten Cathedral and visited by approximately 800,000 tourists a year.

Xanten is the only German town whose name begins with "X".

References

Other websites

Wesel (district)
John Lee Hooker (August 22, 1917 – June 21, 2001) was an American blues singer, guitarist, and songwriter born in Coahoma County near Clarksdale, Mississippi.

Biography

Early life 
Hooker was born on August 22, 1917 in Coahoma County near Clarksdale, Mississippi. He was born to William Hooker and Minnie Ramsey and was the youngest of eleven children. He and his siblings were home-schooled and they were only allowed to listen to religious songs. His parents separated in 1921 and his mother married William Moore, a blues singer the next year. Moore introduced Hooker to the guitar. John would later credit Moore for his distinctive playing style.

Later life 
All through the 1930s, Hooker lived in Memphis where he worked on Beale Street and sometimes performed at house parties. In 1948, he started working at Ford Motor Company.

Career 
Hooker's early solo songs were recorded by Bernie Besman. John Lee Hooker rarely played on a standard beat, changing tempos to fit the songs. This made it nearly impossible to add backing tracks.

Pop culture 
Hooker appeared and sang in the 1980 movie The Blues Brothers. He recorded over 100 albums.

In 1989, he played with Keith Richards, Carlos Santana and Bonnie Raitt to record The Healer and won a Grammy Award. Hooker recorded lots of songs with Van Morrison, including "Never Get Out of These Blues Alive", "The Healing Game" and "I Cover the Waterfront".

Death
He fell ill just before a tour of Europe in 2001 and died soon afterwards at the age of 83. The last song Hooker recorded before his death, is "Ali D'Oro".

Quotes 
"It don't take me no three days to record no album." (during the recording of the double album Hooker 'N Heat with Canned Heat.)

"I don't play a lot of fancy guitar. I don't want to play it. The kind of guitar I want to play is mean, mean licks." (when describing his own music in an article from The Daily News, Atlanta, Ga. 1992)

"Women are like wet bars of soap.  Hold on to em too hard and they pop outta your hands." (as spoken to Randy Wilkinson in New Orleans 1983, friend and road manager)

Albums

References

Other websites 
Official John Lee Hooker Site
John Lee Hooker 1980 Blues Foundation Induction into Hall of Fame 
The Boom Boom Room San Francisco nightclub founded by Hooker

1917 births
2001 deaths
American blues musicians
American blues singers
American guitarists
Blues guitarists
Musicians from Mississippi
Singers from Mississippi
Eddie James "Son" House, Jr. (March 21, 1902 – October 19, 1988) was an American blues singer and guitarist.

Discography
 The Complete Library Of Congress Sessions (1964) Travelin' Man Cd 02
 Blues From The Mississippi Delta (W/Short)  (1964) Folkways 2467
 The Legendary Son House: Father Of The Delta Blues (1965) Columbia 2417
 In Concert (Oberlin College, 1965)  Stack-O-Hits 9004
 Delta Blues (1941-1942)  Smithsonian 31028
 Son House & Blind Lemon Jefferson (1926-1941)  Biograph 12040
 Son House - The Real Delta Blues (1964-65 Recordings)  Blue Goose Records 2016
 Son House & The Great Delta Blues Singers (With Willie Brown,)  Document Cd 5002
 Son House At Home : Complete 1969 Document 5148
 Son House (Library Of Congress)  Folk Lyric 9002
 John The Revelator Liberty 83391
 American Folk Blues Festival '67 (1 Cut) Optimism Cd 2070
 Son House - 1965-1969 (Mostly TV Appearances)  Private Record Pr-01
 Son House - Father Of The Delta Blues : Complete 1965 Sony/Legacy Cd 48867
 Living Legends (1 Cut, 1966)  Verve/Folkways 3010
 Real Blues (1 Cut, U Of Chicago, 1964)  Takoma 7081
 John The Revelator - 1970 London Sessions Sequel Cd 207
 Great Bluesmen/Newport (2 Cuts, 1965)  Vanguard Cd 77/78
 Blues With A Feeling (3 Cuts, 1965)  Vanguard Cd 77005
 Son House/Bukka White - Masters Of The Country Blues Yazoo Video 500 :
 Delta Blues And Spirituals (1995)
 In Concert (Live)  (1996)
 Live At Gaslight Cafe, 1965 (2000)
 New York Central Live (2003)
 Delta Blues (1941-1942)  (2003) Biograph Cd 118
 Proper Introduction to Son House (2004) Proper (contains everything recorded on years 1930, 1940 & 1941)

Notes

 information about House's age

Other websites
 Video clip  of Son House performing

American blues singers
American blues musicians
Singers from Mississippi
American guitarists
Musicians from Mississippi
1902 births
1988 deaths
A biopsy is a test in medicine where doctors remove cells and look at them closely under a microscope or do chemical analysis to see whether there is an illness.

Etymology 
Biopsy is a Greek word, from the Greek words bio meaning "life" and opsia meaning see.

References

Medical procedures
Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal (born December 19, 1980) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor. He has appeared in diverse roles since his first lead role in 1999's October Sky, followed by the 2001 cult hit Donnie Darko, in which he played a psychologically troubled teen and onscreen brother to his real-life sister, actress Maggie Gyllenhaal. In the 2004 blockbuster The Day After Tomorrow he portrayed a student caught in a cataclysmic global cooling event, alongside Dennis Quaid as his father. He then played against type as a frustrated Marine in Jarhead (2005). The same year, he won critical acclaim portraying a role that entered popular shorthand as a "gay cowboy" in the controversial but highly acclaimed film Brokeback Mountain.

Early life 
His mother is screenwriter Naomi Foner. His father is director Stephen Gyllenhaal, who was raised as a Swedenborgian, is of Swedish and English descent, and is a descendant of the Swedish noble Gyllenhaal family. Jake's last ancestor to be born in Sweden was his great-great-grandfather, Anders Leonard Gyllenhaal. Jake's mother is Jewish; she was born in New York City, to a family from Russia and Poland. Gyllenhaal has said that he considers himself Jewish. Gyllenhaal began acting at 11 years old.

Filmography

Awards

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 

1980 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
BAFTA Award winners
Jewish American actors
Achern () is a city in Western Baden-Württemberg, Germany.  It is about  southwest of Baden-Baden and  northeast of Offenburg.  Achern is the fourth largest city in the county of Ortenau (Ortenaukreis), after Offenburg, Lahr / Black Forest and Kehl.

References

Other websites

Cities in Baden-Württemberg
Albstadt [] is a city in the district of Zollernalbkreis in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is in the Swabian Alb mountains, about halfway between Stuttgart and Lake Constance. Albstadt is the largest city in the district.

References

Cities in Baden-Württemberg
Asperg is a town in the district of Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is 15 km north of Stuttgart, and 4 km west of Ludwigsburg. The Hohenasperg fortress is in Asperg.

References
Aulendorf is a town in the district of Ravensburg, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 20 km southwest of Biberach an der Riß, and 19 km north of Ravensburg.

References
Scramjet is a type of jet engine. Like other jets it pushes mixed air and gas out of the back to make it go. Like other ramjets it doesn't use a mechanical compressor. Engineers have experimented with it since the 1950s. They hope a scramjet will work someday at 15 times the speed of sound (mach 15).

Mechanics

de:Staustrahltriebwerk#Überschallverbrennung im Scramjet
"Stronger" is a 2007 song by rapper Kanye West. It won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance.

Chart positions

References

2007 songs
Kanye West songs
Rap songs
Good Eats was an American television series shown on the Food Network from 1999 until 2011. It aired on the Cooking Channel in 2011 and 2012. It was created and  hosted by Alton Brown. Good Eats was like shows with science teachers Mr. Wizard and Bill Nye. Brown shows the science and technique behind the cooking, the history of different foods, and the good parts of different kinds of cooking equipment. The show focuses on familiar food that can easily be made at home. It talks about picking the right tools, and getting the most out of cheap tools that can be used for different things. Each episode of Good Eats has its own theme. Usually an ingredient or a cooking technique. It may also be a more general theme such as Thanksgiving. In the tenth anniversary episode, Alton Brown stated that the show was inspired by the idea of mixing Julia Child, Mr. Wizard, and Monty Python. 

On May 11, 2011, Alton Brown confirmed that the series would come to an end, ceasing production at episode 249.

References

Other websites
Alton Brown's Official Website
Food Network: Good Eats Official Website on the Food Network's homepage 

American television series
Food Network
Fame is a song by David Bowie. It was written by David Bowie and John Lennon of The Beatles. The song combined funk and rock music. The song was released August 18, 1975. It was on Bowie's Young Americans album. The song reached the number 1 position on the US Billboard Top 100 in September 1975.

Cover versions
The song has been sung by many other famous singers and bands. These include:
 Duran Duran - 12" single for "Careless Memories"; included on Starman: Rare and Exclusive Versions of 18 Classic David Bowie Songs
 Egostatic - .2 Contamination: A Tribute to David Bowie (2006)
 Eurythmics - bonus track on 2005 remaster of the album Touch (1983)
 The Feelies - Something Wild video
 FuckEmos - Only Bowie (1995)
 Infectious Grooves - Sarsippius' Ark (1993)
 Dave Matthews Band - Live recording
 Love and Money - 12" single
 George Michael - Live recording and on the album I'm Your Man (1993)
 Pearl Jam - Live recording
 RC - Dr. Dre Presents...The Aftermath (1996)
 The Rockridge Synthesiser Orchestra - Plays David Bowie Classic Trax
 Ronald Rat
 Stardust - Live performance
 Vanilla Ice - Mind Blowin''' (1994)
 God Lives Underwater - Up Off the Floor'' (2004)
 Umphreys McGee -  Encore: 12/30/2005

1975 songs
is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan.

The municipality calls itself "Chiyoda City" in English.

History
During the Edo period, most of the people living in this area were samurai.

Chiyoda developed around the Imperial Palace. The Imperial Palace area occupies about one sixth of the area of Chiyoda. There was previously another castle here during the Edo period, but it was destroyed.

On March 15, 1947, the ward of Chiyoda was formed by combining the wards of Kanda and Kōjimachi.

The Diet of Japan, the Supreme court of Japan and home of the Prime Minister of Japan are all in Chiyoda.

Geography 
Chiyoda is in the center of Tokyo. It borders Chūō and Minato on the south.  Shinjuku is on the ward's western border. Bunkyō and Taitō is on the northern border.

The ward has an area of . The Imperial Palace covers about 12 percent of this area.

In Chiyoda is the hub of the Shinkansen high-speed train network, Tokyo Station.

Related pages 
 List of special wards of Tokyo
 Capital of Japan

References

Other websites

 http://www.city.chiyoda.tokyo.jp/english/e-guide/index.html ,  
 Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Special wards 

Wards of Tokyo
Settlements in Tokyo Prefecture
1947 establishments in Japan
The pianola (pronounce: "pee-ah-NO-la"), also called the player piano, is a piano which has a pneumatic mechanism  so that it can play by itself. The air for this system came from a pump operated by the players feet, and in some later models, an electric pump. Inside the piano are paper rolls which have holes punched in. These holes release air which in turn triggers the keys to play. When the pianola plays itself the keys of the piano can be seen "playing themselves".

The pianola was developed around the 1880s. It was fitted with control levers so that the player ("player pianist" or "pianolist") could play in the way he wanted. The pianola made it possible for the player to sound as if he was playing very difficult music that he was not capable of playing. At the same time he could control the performance.

The pianola became popular in the late 19th and early 20th century as mass-produced pianos became popular in people's homes and more and more people bought sheet music.  By the 1920s it started to become less popular again as the gramophone had been invented.

A pianola is the same as any other piano except it is fitted with a pneumatic player action, which plays paper rolls. This mechanism consists of about one hundred bellows, large and small, the smaller ones being called pneumatics of which there are 88, one for each note on the piano.The largest are the foot operated ones,called the bellows. Other pneumatics of varying sizes operate the roll motor, tracking device, motor speed governor, and the sustain and soft pedals.

Percussion instruments
Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (May 1562 in Deventer - 16 October 1621) was a Dutch composer and  organist. Sweelinck (pronounce: ZVAY-link) lived at the end of the Renaissance and beginning of the Baroque periods.  He was one of the greatest organists and composers of his day.  He was the organist at the Oude Kerk (“Old Church”) in Amsterdam for 44 years.  Many musicians travelled a long way to Amsterdam to hear him improvise at the organ.  He composed music for the organ and harpsichord as well as vocal music.

References

1562 births
1621 deaths
Baroque composers
Dutch composers
Organists
People from Deventer
Renaissance composers
The cockroach is an insect of the suborder Blattaria of the order Blattodea. There are 4,000 species. About 30 species invade human homes. This is less than 1% of all the cockroach species. Four species are pests.

Evolutionary history and relationships 
The families of Mantodea, Isoptera, and Blattaria are usually combined by entomologists into a larger group called Dictyoptera. Current evidence strongly suggests that termites have evolved directly from true cockroaches, and many authors now consider termites to be in the family of cockroaches.

Historically, the name Blattaria has been used largely interchangeably with the name Blattodea. Blattodea refers to a larger group that includes fossil groups related to roaches, but not true cockroaches themselves. These earliest cockroach-like fossils ("Blattopterans" or "roachids") are from the Carboniferous period between 354–295 million years ago. However, these fossils differ from modern cockroaches in having long ovipositors and are the ancestors of mantis as well as modern cockroaches. The first fossils of modern cockroaches with internal ovipositors appear in the Lower Cretaceous.
A proposed phylogeny of the families is shown in the diagram.

Cockroaches in the broader sense (Blattodea) have existed a very long time. The earliest cockroach fossils are 354–295 million years old. Science student, Cary Easterday, found a giant 300 million year old fossil cockroach  long, in a coal mine in Ohio.

Other 
Most cockroaches are omnivores. They are tough, and hard to kill. A cockroach can live for two weeks without a head.

Cockroaches become adults in 3-4 months and can live up to one year. A female German cockroach can produce 8 egg cases in her lifetime and each egg case may contain 30-40 eggs.

Cockroaches are eaten as snacks and used for medicine in China.

In popular culture

The 1996 MTV musical movie Joe's Apartment had 5,000 singing cockroaches.  Some parts of the movie were made with clay roaches and some with real roaches.

In the 1996 computer game Bad Mojo, the main character is turned into a cockroach and must move through a building to get back to his human body.

References 

Insects
Anti-Armenianism is hostility toward or prejudice against Armenian people, Armenian culture and the Republic of Armenia, which can range in expression from individual hatred to institutionalized persecution. Several organizations have stated that difficulties currently experienced by the Armenian minority in Turkey are a result of an anti-Armenian attitude by the Turkish government as well as by ultra-nationalist groups such as the Grey Wolves.

Modern anti-Armenianism often seems to lacks a racial and cultural basis and appears to be based more on geopolitics and history, in addition to diplomatic and strategic interests, involving the modern states of Turkey and Azerbaijan.  The controversy and emotions surrounding the Armenian Genocide and Nagorno-Karabakh are two examples of intense anti-Armenianism in both countries. Modern Anti-Armenianism is usually associated with either extreme opposition to the actions or existence of the Armenian Republic, and belief in an Armenian conspiracy.

Anti-Armenianism by individuals 

For several months in 1994, Ahmet Coşar going by the alias of Serdar Argic posted thousands of messages, claiming that the Armenian Genocide did not happen or that Armenians massacred Turks, on Usenet newsgroup threads mentioning the word Turkey. Samuel Weems published the book "Armenia: The Secrets of a "Christian" Terrorist State" where he has made such claims as the "number one export of Armenia is terrorism" and that there was no Armenian Genocide.  American historian Justin McCarthy is known for his controversial support of Turkey's denial of the Armenian Genocide. Azeri cartoonist Kerim Kerimov Mammadhan has produced around 4500 Anti-Armenian cartoons, most of which depict crude caricatures of Armenians. His cartoons are often included with the phrase “Terrorism, narkomania, and armenism are the same disease”. His works also often mocks the Armenian Genocide and its recognition by foreign countries, especially countries in Europe. Murad Gumen is another individual who espouses anti-Armenian rhetoric in his website "Tall Armenian Tale". Barbaros Agri uses the social networking site Facebook to advocate anti-Armenianism by being the creator of "The Biggest Lie Ever Told: The Armenian Genocide". The cause has 5000 plus members.

References

Related pages
 Denial of the Armenian Genocide

Anti-Armenianism
The Istanbul Pogrom was a pogrom directed primarily against the Istanbul's Greek minority on September 6 and 7, 1955. Jews and Armenians living in the city and their businesses were also targeted in the pogrom, which was, according to some circles, orchestrated by the Turkish government.

A Turkish mob, most of which was trucked into the city in advance, assaulted Istanbul’s Greek community for nine hours. Although the leaders of the pogrom did not explicitly call for Greeks to be killed, between 13 and 16 Greeks (including two Orthodox clerics) and at least one Armenian died during or after the pogrom as a result of beatings and arson.

Thirty-two Greeks were severely wounded. In addition, dozens of Greek women were raped, and a number of men were forcibly circumcised by the mob. 4,348 Greek-owned businesses, 110 hotels, 27 pharmacies, 23 schools, 21 factories, 73 churches and over a thousand Greek-owned homes were badly damaged or destroyed.

Estimates of the economic cost of the damage vary from Turkish government's estimate of 24.8 million US$, the British diplomat estimates of 100 million GBP (about 200 million US$), the World Council of Churches’ estimate of 150 million USD, and the Greek government's estimate of 500 million US$.

The pogrom greatly accelerated emigration of ethnic Greeks from the Istanbul region, reducing the 200,000-strong Greek minority in 1924 to just 2,500 in 2006.

Related pages
Armenian Genocide
Assyrian Genocide
Anti-Armenianism
Pogrom

References
 Robert Holland, Britain and the Revolt in Cyprus, 1954–59, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998, pp. 75–78.
 The Washington Post, “In Turkey, a Clash of Nationalism and History”, an article by Karl Vick referring to the events as a “pogrom”.

1955
20th century riots
Anti-Armenianism
History of Turkey
Istanbul
Gossip Girl is an American television teen drama based on the popular novel series of the same title written by Cecily von Ziegesar. Gossip Girl revolves around the lives of a group of rich teenagers grown up on New York's Upper East Side as they attend private school while dealing with typical teenage adolescent issues such as sex and drugs.

The series begins with Serena van der Woodsen' returning from a half-year at boarding school in Cornwall. "Gossip Girl" is the name of an anonymous blogger, who knows everything in Upper East Side but nobody knows who she is. Gossip Girl is voiced by nourah

Cast
Serena van der Woodsen - Blake Lively
Blair Waldorf - Leighton Meester 
Nathaniel "Nate" Archibald - Chace Crawford
Charles "Chuck" Bass - Ed Westwick
Daniel "Dan" Humphrey - Penn Badgley
Jennifer "Jenny" Humphrey - Taylor Momsen
Eric van der Woodsen - Connor Paolo 
Vanessa Abrams - Jessica Szohr
Lily van der Woodsen - Kelly Rutherford
Rufus Humphrey - Matthew Settle
Eleanor Waldorf -  Margaret Colin
Ivy Dickens - Kaylee DeFer 
Georgina Sparks - Michelle Trachtenberg

Characters
Blair Waldorf is the queen bee of Constance Billard High School. She seems to have everything: a rich family, a handsome boyfriend, and lots of friends. However, loneliness deep in her heart makes her a naughty and manipulative girl. 
Serena van der Woodsen, is Blair's best friend. The story starts with her coming back to Upper East Side after her sudden disappearance to boarding school. She used to be a party girl, but she tries to change.   
Charles ”Chuck” Bass is a rich boy. When his father (Bart Bass) dies, he gets his father's company, Bass Industries. But he doesn’t think he is ready yet, so he gives it to Bart's wife, Lily Wan Der Woodsen, who is Serena's mother. He bought a hotel, The Empire. Chuck and Blair have an complicated relationship with each other. They were dating for a long time until Chuck picked the Empire instead of her. 
Nathaniel ”Nate” Archibald is Chuck's best friend. He is described as a boy who has everything, but he tries to find his own identity between his powerful family and himself.
Daniel ”Dan” Humphrey is an outsider who lives in Brooklyn. He starts dating his first love, Serena van der Woodsen.
Jenny Humphrey 
blair and chuck a7la couple

Other websites 

2007 American television series debuts
2012 American television series endings
2000s American drama television series
2000s teen television series
2010s American drama television series
2010s teen television series
American teen drama television series
High school television series
Television series set in New York City
English-language television programs
Bad Friedrichshall is a small town with about 18.000 inhabitants. It is in the district of Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. 

Bad Friedrichshall is at the confluence (place where two rivers join) of the Neckar and the Kocher,  north of Heilbronn. 

Bad Friedrichshall is famous for its salt-mine.

References

Other websites
Blizzard Entertainment is an American video game maker and publisher. The company headquarters is in Irvine, California. The company makes the Diablo, StarCraft and Warcraft games, including the Warcraft spinoffs Heathstone and Heroes of the Storm. Their next and most waited game is World of Warcraft: Legion, the next expansion pack of World of Warcraft.

References 

1991 establishments in California
 
Companies based in California
Irvine, California
9-9-9 or 999 (said nine-nine-nine) is the emergency telephone number for the emergency services in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

The police, fire & rescue, ambulance/paramedics, mountain rescuing, coast guard and cave rescuing can be reached by calling 9-9-9.

999 is also the emergency medical number in Poland.

1-1-2 can also be used to call these services. 1-1-2 is the European Union-wide emergency number, and the number used by all GSM mobile telephones throughout the world.

Related pages
 1-1-2
 000 Emergency
 9-1-1

Emergency phone numbers
Public services in the United Kingdom
Republic of Ireland
Poland
European Union

pl:Pogotowie ratunkowe#Numery alarmowe
Bad Krozingen is a spa town in the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is  southwest of Freiburg.

References

Other websites

 Official website
 Bad Krozingen:History and images  

Spa towns in Germany
A plateau is an area of raised land that is flat on top. 

The biggest, tallest plateau in the world is the Tibetan Plateau. A plateau with a lot of erosion is called a disconnected plateau. A plateau that is also a volcano is called a volcanic plateau. Some plateaus are under the ocean, like the Seychelles plateau or the Ontong Java Plateau. Plateaus are often by themselves with no other plateaus around, sometimes standing on top of mountains.

The plural of 'plateau' is plateaux, or plateaus.

Landforms

az:Yaylaq
be:Узвышша
be-x-old:Плято
cs:Vysočina (geomorfologie)
el:Υψίπεδο
is:Hálendi
lv:Augstiene
no:Høydedrag
nn:Høgland
sk:Vysočina (opak nížiny)
sr:Висија
Cervical cancer is cancer of the cervix (the organ that connects the uterus and the vagina).  It is caused by a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV).  It is a serious medical problem and sometimes causes malignance and death.

One sign of cervical cancer is bleeding or discharge from the vagina.  Sometimes, there are no symptoms until the cancer is very developed. For this reason, pap smears have become common to diagnose this cancer. They have cut the rate of cervical cancer in half.

For early cervical cancer, surgery is the first treatment.  For cancer that is farther along,  chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be used.

Most types of cervical cancer can be prevented by a vaccine. It prevents the types of HPV that cause 70% of cervical cancer. Experts recommend that women get the vaccine and normal pap smears.

Stages of cervical cancer 

 Stage 1 means the cancer is only in the neck of the womb (cervix).
 Stage 2 means that cancer has spread outside the cervix to the surrounding tissue.
 Stage 3 means that cancer has spread to the pelvic sidewall or Lower the third of the vagina, hydronephrosis, or a non-functioning kidney that is an invasion of the ureter.
 Stage 4 means cancer has spread to the bladder or back passage or beyond. The main treatment is surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments. Or you may have treatment to control symptoms.

Treatment options by stage 

 Stage 1 - Cervical cancer is usually treated with surgery,  combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy)
 Stage 2 - The main treatments combine chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In some of the worst cases, a patient has to undergo a radical hysterectomy, which is followed by a session of radiation therapy.
 Stage 3 - Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments for stage 3 cervical cancer. To make radiation therapy more effective, chemotherapy is given during the same time period as radiation therapy.
 Stage 4 - For stage 4 cervical cancer you might have treatment with: 
 surgery 
 radiotherapy
 chemotherapy
 targeted cancer drug

References 

Cancer
Diseases caused by viruses
Diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system
Sexually transmitted diseases
Broccoli is a plant from the species: Brassica oleracea. It is a vegetable similar to cauliflower and cabbage. Broccoli has green flower heads and a stalk. It comes from Italy and has become a well-liked food around the world. It is a good source of vitamins.

Purple cauliflower (violet cauliflower) is also a type of broccoli.

References 

Vegetables
Brassica oleracea
Tegan Lauren-Hannah Murray (born 1 July 1989) is an English actress. She is best known for playing the role of Cassie, a gentle, 'spacey' teen girl with an apparent eating disorder and unstated mental illness in E4's drama/comedy, Skins.

Murray attended North Bristol Post 16 Centre studying German.

Credits 
Skins (2007-2008, 2013, TV series) - Cassie
Narrates the new Nokia 5300 advert (August/September 2007)
Reads in Lost for words campaign 2007.
Marple: Why Didn't They Ask Evans? (2009, TV movie) - Dorothy Savage
Clone (2010) - Monica
Chatroom (2010) - Emily
Wings (2011, short)
Dark Shadows (2012)
Little Glory (2012)Game of Thrones'' (2012-2017, TV series) - Gilly
The Numbers Station (2013)
Lily & Kat (2013)
God Help the Girl (2013) - Cass

References

Other websites 

Hannah Murray fansite
Channel 4 Skins site
Hannah Murray at Troikatalent.com

English stage actors
English television actors
1989 births
Living people