cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A shotgun shell is the standard type of ammunition for a shotgun. It is fired after being loaded into the chamber or chambers of a shotgun. The shell is cylindrical in shape and is normally between  and  long. It holds a charge of gunpowder and either lead shot or a shotgun slug made to be fired from the shotgun. Shotgun shells are usually mostly plastic but have thin brass at the base, though they can be made of solid brass, paper, or other combinations of these materials.

A shotgun shell's size is usually measured in gauge (also known as bore). The most common size of shotgun shell is the 12-gauge. When measuring gauge, a smaller number means a larger shell: a 12-gauge shell is larger than a 20-gauge shell. Shell gauge is an old measurement. Except for the .410 bore or gauge, which is not a gauge at all but a caliber, 
the gauge of a shotgun was equal to the number of lead balls that added up to . So in a 12 gauge, 12 balls add up to about a pound of lead. So the diameter is equal to a ball weighing 1/12th of a pound of lead. A 20 gauge, another popular size today, has the diameter of a ball weighing 1/20th of a pound of lead.

Besides lead shot and slugs which are designed to be lethal, there are special less lethal types of shotgun shells which shoot things made to hurt but not kill people. Less lethal shells are most often used by police. These can be loaded with plastic or rubber shot, rubber slugs, beanbags, or salt.

References

Other websites 
 Shotgun Gauges Explained - Shotguns 101 #3; YouTube
 Less Than Lethal Shotgun vs Ribs, Rock Salt & Bean Bags; YouTube

Ammunition
Eric Carr (July 12, 1950 - November 24, 1991) was an American rock drummer. He was a member of the rock band Kiss from 1981 to 1991.

Early career 
One of Carr's first bands was ""Salt and Pepper"". They played covers of various artists. They had success in the 1970s playing in small clubs. The band continued playing for nine years. Salt & Pepper became the opening act for artists such as Stevie Wonder and Nina Simone. The group changed their name to "Creation" in 1973 and began to play Disco.

Kiss 
In 1981, Carr replaced Peter Criss on drums in the hard rock band Kiss. Carr brought a heavy metal style to the band. The band's first album with Carr was Music from The Elder, released on November 16, 1981. Carr co-wrote some songs on the album. He co-wrote "Escape from the Island" with Ace Frehley, and "Under the Rose" with Gene Simmons. Other albums with Kiss were Creatures of the Night, Lick It Up, Animalize, and Hot in the Shade.

Carr's last public appearance with Kiss was at the MTV Video Music Awards in September 1991. Carr died of heart cancer on November 24, 1991 at age 41.

References 
The Encyclopedia of Dead Rock Stars: Heroin, Handguns, and Ham Sandwiches, by Jeremy Simmonds
Kiss Members: Paul Stanley, Gene Simmons, Ace Frehley, Peter Criss, Eric Carr, Vinnie Vincent, Bruce Kulick, Eric Singer, Mark St. John, by General Books LLC, 2010

Other websites

Eric Carr: The Memorial Tribute 

Eric Carr Photo Gallery & Information Centre 

American rock drummers
Cancer deaths in New York City
Kiss
Musicians from New York City
1950 births
1991 deaths
Deaths from heart cancer
The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) was the navy of Canada from 1911 to 1968.

From 4 May 1910 to 29 August 1911 the navy was known officially as the Naval Service of Canada and operationally as Canadian Naval Forces.

During the early years of the 20th century, there was a lot of talk in the British Empire as to the role the Dominions would play in defence and foreign affairs.  Because of the developing naval arms race with Germany, a key part of this discussion focused on naval issues.

In Canada, the naval debate came down to a choice between two options: either the young country could provide funds, support and manpower to the Royal Navy, or it could form its own navy, which could help support the Royal Navy if necessary.  After extensive political debates, Canadian politicians chose to set up their own navy.

The Royal Canadian Navy Served with the Royal Navy in World Wars I and II, but during the Suez Crisis of the 1950s Canada and the United Kingdom had different political views.  Coupled with mutinies in 1949 partly linked to old British ways the Canadian government started looking at making sure the Canadian Navy had a very separate identity from the Royal Navy. In August of 2011 the three services were once again separated, ending decades of confusion and low morale. The Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Air Force were reinstated.

References

Military of Canada
In astronomy and navigation, the celestial sphere is an imaginary sphere (ball) of a very large unspecified size. The earth and the sphere have the same centre: they are concentric. They also rotate upon the same axis. All objects in the sky can be thought of as projected (drawn, written) upon the celestial sphere. This imaginary sphere is a very practical tool for positional astronomy.

Celestial hemispheres
The equator divides the earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. Similarly, the celestial sphere is divided by projecting the equator into space. This divides the sphere into the north celestial hemisphere and the south celestial hemisphere. One can also locate the Celestial Tropic of Cancer, Celestial Tropic of Capricorn, North Celestial Pole, and South Celestial Pole.

Sidereal time
The Earth rotates from west to east around its axis in slightly less than 24 hours. The celestial sphere and all objects on it appear to rotate from east to west around the celestial poles in the same time. This is the diurnal motion (daily motion). This is why stars will rise in the east and set in the west, (unless a star is circumpolar). On the next night a particular star will rise again, but with our normal clocks running a 24-hour 0-minute cycle, it will do so slightly less than 4 minutes earlier. By the following night the difference will be 8 minutes, and so forth with every following night (or day).

The reason for this is that the Sun does not stand still on the celestial sphere, and the stars do (except for a tiny proper motion). The sun moves about 1° per day eastwards over a great circle known as the ecliptic (which is 360° or a full circle in one year, the annual motion of the Sun). As an angle of 1° corresponds to 4 minutes in time (360° = 24 hours), we need therefore four extra minutes of diurnal motion to see the Sun back on the same meridian again, making the duration of one rotation just 24 hours exactly (on the average, ignoring small seasonal variations, see equation of time)

Normal clocks therefore indicate solar time. Astronomers studying the movements of stars may want clocks indicating sidereal time, going around once in 23h56m (solar time units).

Star globe

A celestial sphere can also refer to a physical model of the celestial sphere or celestial globe.
Such globes map the constellations on the outside of a sphere, resulting in a mirror image of the constellations as seen from Earth. The oldest surviving example of such an artefact is the globe of the Farnese Atlas sculpture, a 2nd-century copy of an older (Hellenistic period, ca. 120 BC) work.

References

Other websites 

 SkyandTelescope.com SkyChart
 Monthly skymaps for every location on Earth
 Fixed pattern of distant stars, part of elementary astronomy course From Stargazers to Starships

Astronomy
SV Ried is a soccerclub from the Ried, Upper Austria, playing in the Bundesliga, the highest class in Austria.

History
The club was founded in 1912 and played till 1955 in Upper Austrias footballleague. With some up and downs they reached the 1. Landesliga(highest class in Upper Austrian football) in 1976. 1988 and 1990 they won the Championship but failed to reach the 2. Division(at that time second level in Austrian football). 1991 they promoted after the third title to the 2.Division. 
After four years in this class they promoted to the highest class in Austrian football. From 1995 to 2003 they played in the Bundesliga, but in the season 2002/2003 they only reached the 10th place and were relegated to the First Division. 2005 they reached the title of the second league and came back to the Bundesliga. 77 points are a all-time point record for the second level in Austrian football. They stayed until 2016/17 in the league and since 2020-21 they are playing again in the Bundesliga.

2007 they were runner-up in the Bundesliga and 1998 and 2011 they won the Austrian Cup. In the Cup Winners Cup 1998/1999 they reached the 3rd round.

Current squad

Coaching staff
Robert Ibertsberger - head coach	
Christian Heinle - assistent coach		
Clemens Zulehner - assistant coach		
Hubert Auer - goalkeeper coach

Coaching history (21st century)

Honours 
 Austrian Cup 1998,2011
 3rd round Cup Winners Cup 1998/1999
 1st round UEFA-Cup 2006/2007
 Bundesliga Runner Up 2006/2007

Other websites
Official website
SV Ried at transfermarkt.at

References

Austrian football clubs
Football clubs of Upper Austria
The Barbary falcon (Falco pelegrinoides) is a species of bird. It is a medium-sized falcon about the size of a crow. This bird of prey breeds in the Canary Islands and on the coasts of North Africa. It is mainly resident. It is thought to be related to the peregrine falcon.

Birds of Pakistan
Birds of Turkey
Falconiformes
{{DISPLAYTITLE:L-DOPA}}
Levodopa, or L-DOPA is an amino acid. In the body of mammals, it is made from Tyrosine in a process named synthesis. It also occurs in different plants. As such it can be used as a dietary supplement. L-Dopa is the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepiphedrine and epiphedrine, which are part of a group known as Catecholamines. L-dopa can also be used as a drug for diseases such as Parkinson's disease. The substance used in the drug is usually called Levodopa, and the naturally occurring substance is called L-Dopa.

Acids
Chloranthaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family consists of four genera, totalling several dozen species, of herbaceous or woody plants occurring in Southeast Asia, the Pacific, Madagascar, Central & South America, and the West Indies. The flowers are inconspicuous, and arranged in inflorescences. Petals are absent in this family, and sometimes so are sepals. The flowers can be either hermaphrodite or of separate sexes. The fruit is drupe-like, consisting of one carpel.

flowering plants
The Creodonta are, traditionally, an extinct order of mammals which lived from the Palaeocene to the Miocene epoch. They are distant relatives of the Carnivora. However, the carnassial teeth of modern carnivores and both groups of creodonts are not formed from the same teeth. This evolutionary convergence suggests the creodonts are not the ancestors of modern carnivores. 

Also, they are perhaps not a natural group. However, a phylogenetic analysis of Paleocene mammals published in 2015 supported the monophyly of Creodonta, and put the group as relatives of pangolins. There is an extensive literature on the subject.

Creodonts were the dominant group of carnivorous mammals from 55 to 35 million years ago (mya) in the ecosystems of Africa, Eurasia and North America. They competed with the Mesonychids and the Entelodonts and ultimately outlasted them. In Oligocene Africa, they were the dominant predatory group.  

At last, they lost ground to the Carnivora. The Carnivora are the only group to survive today. The last creodont genus went extinct eight million years ago, and modern carnivores now occupy their ecological niches.

The first creodont fossils were in the Palaeocene, about 60 million years ago (mya), and the last Dissopsalis, perhaps eight mya. So, the creodonts lasted for at least 50 million years.

Adaptations 
Creodonts show various adaptations to their carnivorous life-style, and show convergent evolution with modern carnivores. They share, for example, the carnassial shear, a modification of teeth that sliced meat like scissors.

The Carnivora also developed larger brains and more efficient running. Once forest and woodland was partly replaced by grassland, in the Miocene, the true carnivores had the advantage, and the creodonts lost ground and eventually became extinct.

References 

 
Fossils
George Peter John Criscuola, also known as Peter Criss and by his stage name The Catman, (born December 20, 1945, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American drummer. Criss is known for being the drummer in the original lineup of New York Glam metal band Kiss (band) during the 1970s before being replaced by Eric Carr in 1981.

Biography 
Criss was born George Peter John Criscuola. He is of Italian descent. His parents were Joseph and Loretta Criscuolo. Criss was a student of art and jazz. He got his start in  music in the pop rock group Chelsea. They recorded an album in 1970.

Kiss 
In 1972 Peter began his career in the band Kiss. The band included Paul Stanley on guitar and Gene Simmons on bass, and Ace Frehley as a first guitar. With the painted faces, in 1973 released their first album Kiss. The album was very successful.  Peter Criss proved to be a good singer. He wrote and sang the ballad "Beth". On the band's third album, Dressed to Kill (1975), Criss sang the song "Getaway", written by Ace Frehley. In 1980 Peter Criss released his last album as the drummer of Kiss Unmasked. Criss was fired from Kiss on May 18, 1980. This hit the band hard and again in the following years with the loss of original lead guitarist Ace Frehley. In 1981 he was replaced by drummer Eric Carr.

In 1996, Criss returned to the band to record some acoustic tracks on the album Unplugged and for their highly sucessful 1996-7 Alive/Worldwide Reunion Tour, which grossed $43.7 million Peter Criss left the band again in 2004. He was then replaced later by Eric Singer.

References

Other websites
 Peter Criss - The Official Website
 Interview with Peter Criss
 Second interview with Peter Criss
 Billboard.com article by Greg Prato 

1945 births
Living people
American drummers
Musicians from New York City
American rock musicians
Kiss
is a kind of Japanese food. It is deep fried vegetables or seafood. Also templa that do not use seafood are called . The dish comes from a Portuguese dish peixinhos da horta, which was brought to Japan by Portuguese sailors in the mid-sixteenth century.

Cooking
Batter for tempura is generally made from cold water and a light wheat flour. However, sometimes other ingredients may be added, such as eggs, baking soda or baking powder, starch, oil, or spices. Traditionally, the batter is mixed a small amount at a time using chopsticks. The batter is only mixed for a few seconds and the lumps are left behind, giving the fried tempura its unique shape. Great care is taken to make sure the tempura is not over-mixed, otherwise it will become chewy and dough-like.

Special tempura flour has become widely available in supermarkets around the world. Tempura generally does not use breadcrumbs (panko). Foods made with this are usually referred to as furai--Japanese-style fried foods, such as tonkatsu (fried pork cutlet) or ebi furai (fried shrimp).

Seafood or thinly sliced vegetables are dipped in the batter and then quickly fried in hot oil. Usually vegetable oil is used and is heated to around 160 to 180 degrees Celsius. The cooking time for different types of tempura varies greatly, from only a few seconds for very thin vegetables to minutes for thicker ingredients or kakiage (mixed vegetables fritters).

Common ingredients for tempura include both seafood and vegetables, such as shrimp, squid, bell peppers, kabocha squash, eggplant, sweet potato, and lotus root, among many others.

Serving
Tempura is served hot immediately after cooking. Sometimes a sauce for dipping will be provided, the most common being made from dashi stock, mirin, and soy sauce (shōyu). Sometimes a special salt is served with the tempura. In other cases it may be used as a topping on soups like soba or udon.

References

Japanese food
Warkany syndrome 2, also known as chromosome 8 trisomy syndrome or trisomy 8, is a condition where chromosome 8 in humans has three sets of chromosomes, as opposed to the normal two. This condition is called "trisomy", and is where Warkany syndrome 2 derives its alternative names. People born with Warkany syndrome 2 typically have mental retardation and renal or skeletal malformations.

References

Syndromes
Andreas Ulmer (born October 30, 1985) is an Austrian footballplayer playing for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga as defender. His father,Gerhard Ulmer, and his uncle, Fritz Ulmer, were also footballplayers, playing for SK Voest Linz.

Career
He started playing football in the local clubs SK Asten and LASK Linz. At the age of 14 he went to the Frank Stronach Academy in Hollabrunn (a school, where you can also visit a school beside your football education). He got his A-levels and then played for the second squad of FK Austria Wien after his debut for Austria Wien in the 2004/05 season. 2008/09 he played for  SV Ried and then went to F.C. Red Bull Salzburg.

For Red Bull Salzburg he played regularly as left defender. In the 2009/10 season he played all matches of Red Bull Salzburg. This year he even played 37 matches in the league, because he came in Winter to Red Bull Salzburg which had to play a match from the first half of the season in the second half, so Andreas Ulmer played this year 22 matches for SV Ried and 15 for Red Bull Salzburg. So far he is the only player in the whole football history of Austria who did one match more than the regular 36. During the warm-up for a Championsleague qualifing match versus Omonia Nikosia he was badly injured so he missed the first half of the season 2010/11.  During the 2017–18 season, Salzburg and Ulmer had their best ever European campaign. They finished top of their Europa League group before beating Real Sociedad, Borussia Dortmund and Lazio Rom and reached for the first time the UEFA Europa League semi-final.

2022 he signed another year for FC Red Bull Salzburg.

International career
On 11th February 2009 he played his first match for the Austrian national team versus Sweden. 2015 he had a break in the team but 2017 he played again for the national team. He was part of the team for the European championship an played two matches in the tournament.

Honours
Austria Wien
Austrian Bundesliga: 2006
Red Bull Salzburg
Austrian Bundesliga (11): 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021
Austrian Cup (8): 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021

References

Other websites

Official homepage-Profile Andreas Ulmer

1985 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
People from Linz
Players of the Austrian national football team
WrestleMania XXVIII was the twenty-eighth yearly WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place at Sun Life Stadium in the Miami suburb of Miami Gardens, Florida.

Production
The city of Miami was one of the two major contenders for hosting WrestleMania XXVII along with Atlanta, Georgia. In the end in February 2010, Atlanta was awarded the right to host the event. According to the Miami-Dade Sports Commission, WWE management felt that Miami's planning for the event would have been too hectic with many other sporting events held in the area around the same time of the planning, such as Super Bowl XLIV. However, Miami was reportedly considered for the next event due to its international ties, arenas, airports and experience of hosting past major events.

Bidding documents were sent to seventeen cities in mind for hosting a WrestleMania event between 2012 and 2014, with fourteen replying in interest. Other cities in mind for WrestleMania XXVIII were Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York City, Toronto, Detroit, Tampa, Vancouver, St. Louis, Jacksonville, Orlando and Houston. The city of Dallas also showed interest but had to pull out of bidding for the next two years due to hosting events such as the NCAA Final Four.

On February 9, 2011, it was announced by The Miami Herald that Miami had won the right to host the event. WWE would later officially announce the event in a press conference held at the Fontainebleau Miami Beach. WrestleMania XXVIII will be the second event to be hosted in the state of Florida, the fourth event without a closed roof, and the third event to be held entirely outdoors. For hosting the event, WWE will receive a $250,000 cash incentive from the Miami-Dade Sports Commission raised through grants and sponsorships. Along with WrestleMania XXVIII, a series of events grouped as "WrestleMania Week" will be held in the week before the event including WrestleMania's yearly WrestleMania Axxess fan convention at the Miami Beach Convention Center, the 2012 WWE Hall of Fame ceremony at the American Airlines Arena, the finals of the WrestleMania Reading Challenge, and a Celebrity Pro-Am Golf tournament.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official WrestleMania website

2012 in professional wrestling
Sports in Miami, Florida
WrestleMania
2012 in American television
2012 in Florida
2010s in Miami, Florida
Juan Miguel Miranda (born April 25, 1983 in Consolación del Sur, Cuba) is an Cuban Major League Baseball first baseman who currently plays for the Arizona Diamondbacks. Miranda also played for the New York Yankees from 2008 to 2010 before being traded to the Arizona Diamondbacks for Scott Allen.

Other websites 
Juan Miranda's MLB player profile

1983 births
Living people
Arizona Diamondbacks players
New York Yankees players
Cuban people
Hop is a 2011 Easter-themed comedy movie that was produced by Chris Meledandri and was directed by Tim Hill. Hop was released on April 1, 2011 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 23% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 41 out of 100 from Metacritic. Even though the movie got bad reviews, it opened at #1 at the Friday box office in the US, earning $11.4 million and also topped the weekend box office with $38.1 million, which made it the highest opening weekend so far in 2011.

Release Dates

Cast 
 James Marsden as Fred O'Hare
 Coleton Ray as Young Fred.
 Kaley Cuoco as Samantha "Sam" O'Hare
 Tiffany Espensen as Alex O'Hare
 Gary Cole as Henry O'Hare
 Elizabeth Perkins as Bonnie O'Hare
 Chelsea Handler as Mrs. Beck
 David Hasselhoff as Himself
 Russell Brand as a "Hoff Knows Talent" production assistant.
 Hugh Hefner as Himself
 Dustin Ybarra as Cody
 Russell Brand as E.B. (Voice)
 Django Marsh as Young E.B. (Voice)
 Hugh Laurie as The Easter Bunny (Voice)
 Hank Azaria as Carlos and Phil (Voice)
 John Cohen as the other Easter Chicks and the other Easter Bunnies. (Voice)
 Janet Healy as The Pink Berets (Fluffy, Patch, and Bit) (Voice)

Other websites
Hop's Official website 
 

2011 animated movies
2011 comedy movies
English-language movies
American animated movies
American comedy movies
Heckler & Koch (H&K, Heckler und Koch) is a German firearm manufacturing company. They make many guns such as the MP5 series submachine gun and the rifle G3. Heckler and Koch are one of the most famous weapon manufacturers and deliver weapons to many government agencies such as German Armed Forces or the US Army.

The company is in Oberndorf in the state of Baden-Württemberg, but also has locations in the United Kingdom, France and the United States.  The company motto is "Keine Kompromisse!" (No Compromise!).  H&K makes firearms for many military and paramilitary units and counter-terrorism and hostage rescue teams.

Products
Pistols: VP70, P9, P8, P7, USP, Mk23, P2000, P30
Rifles: G11, G3, G36, XM8, HK416, HK417, PSG-1, G28
Submachine guns: MP5, MP7, UMP
Machine guns: LMG36, MG4, HK21
Grenade launchers: GMG/GMW, HK69, AG36, HK P2A1

References

Other websites
H&K Global website

Companies of Germany
Firearm manufacturers
Garfield: The Movie is an 2004 animated comedy movie that was produced by John Davis, John Kilkenny, Michele Imperato, Neil A. Machlis and Brian Manis and was directed by Peter Hewitt. Garfield: The Movie was released on June 11, 2004 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 14% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 27 out of 100 from Metacritic. A sequel to the movie was released in 2006 and was called, Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties.

Cast 
 Bill Murray as Garfield (voice)
 Breckin Meyer as Jon Arbuckle
 Matthew Lillard as Edward Arbuckle, (Jon's brother)
 Stephen Tobolowsky as Happy Chapman
 Stephen Tobolowsky as Happy's brother
 Evan Arnold as Wendall
 Jennifer Love Hewitt as Dr. Liz Wilson
 Eve Brent Ashe as Mrs. Baker
 Juliette Goglia as Little Girl
 Joe Bays as Raccoon Lodge Member
 Leyna Nguyen as News Reporter
 Joe Ochman as Engineer
 Jim Davis as a drunken conventioner (uncredited)
 Bill Murray as Garfield (Voice)
 Gregg Berger as Odie the Dog (Voice)
 Nick Cannon as Louis (Voice)
 Alan Cumming as Persnikitty/Sir Roland (Voice)
 David Eigenberg as Nermal (Voice)
 Brad Garrett as Luca (Voice)
 Debra Messing as Arlene (Voice)
 Richard Kind as Dad Rat (Voice)
 Debra Jo Rupp as Mom Rat (Voice)
 Wyatt Smith as Kid Rat #1 (Voice)
 Jordan Kaiser as Kid Rat #2 (Voice)
 Alyson Stoner as Kid Rat #3 (Voice)
 Billy West as Dog (Voice)
 Jimmy Kimmel as Spanky (Voice)
 Mo'Nique as a rat. Her part was deleted in the final cut of the movie.  (Voice)

Credits

Directed by 
 Peter Hewitt

Produced by 
 John Davis

Written by 
 Joel Cohen
 Alec Solokow

Music by 
 Christophe Beck
 Tim Boland

Visual Development Artists 
 Seth MacFarlane
 Angus MacLane
 Michael Maltese
 Mike Manley 
 Jeff "Swampy" Marsh
 Glenn McCoy
 Craig McCracken
 Christopher McCulloch
 Tom McGrath 
 Patrick McHale 
 Will Meugniot
 Harold Michelson
 Chris Miller 
 Greg Miller 
 Dan Mills
 Mike Milo
 Tom Minton
 Zac Moncrief
 Lauren Montgomery
 Jesse Moynihan
 Kevin Munroe
 Adam Muto
 Raymie Muzquiz

Story Atists 
 Izzy Ellis
 Peter Emmerich
 Darrel Rooney
 Andy Engman
 Joseph L. Erbr

Additional Story Artists 
 Paul Fierlinger
 Dave Filoni
 Will Finn
 Christine Lawrence Finney
 Dave Fleischer
 Lou Fleischer
 Max Fleischer
 Greg Ford
 Ernie Fosselius

Other websites 
 
 

2004 animated movies
2004 comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies about cats
20th Century Fox movies
American animated movies
American comedy movies
Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties is a 2006 British-American live-action/animated comedy movie that was produced by John Davis, Michele Imperato and Brian Manis and was directed by Tim Hill. Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties was released on June 16, 2006 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 11% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 37 out of 100 from Metacritic.

This movie is a sequel to Garfield: The Movie.

Cast 
 Bill Murray as Garfield (voice)
 Tim Curry as Prince (voice)
 Billy Connolly as Lord Dargis
 Breckin Meyer as Jon Arbuckle
 Matthew Lillard as Edward Arbuckle (Jon's brother)
 Jennifer Love Hewitt as Dr. Liz Wilson
 Bob Hoskins as Winston (Voice)
 Ian Abercrombie as Smithee
 Roger Rees as Mr. Hobbs
 Lucy Davis as Ms. Abby Westminister
 Rhys Ifans as McBunny (Voice)
 Oliver Muirhead as Mr. Greene
 Vinnie Jones as Rommel (Voice)
 Joe Pasquale as Claudius (Voice)

Odie is play by a real dog despite Garfield is animated with the computer motion capture.

Other websites
Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties' Official website 
 

2006 animated movies
2006 comedy movies
American animated movies
American comedy movies
British animated movies
British comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies about cats
20th Century Fox movies
Ritchie Blackmore (born 14 April 1945) is an English guitarist. He is former member and founder of British hard rock band Deep Purple.

Early life 
Blackmore was born in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset. His family moved to Heston, Middlesex when he was two.

Career 

In the 1950s, Blackmore played with small bands. In 1968, Blackmore, with keyboardist Jon Lord, singer Rod Evans, bassist Nick Simper and drummer Ian Paice created the band Deep Purple. Deep Purple had a hit song in the United States with "Hush". Although they were doing well, Ritchie Blackmore and Deep Purple decided to get a different singer. They replaced Evans with Ian Gillan. The band's album Deep Purple In Rock was released in 1970. In 1972, Deep Purple made the album Machine Head. It included one of their most popular songs, "Smoke on the Water. In 1972, they recorded the live album Made in Japan. Gillan and Glover left the group in 1974. They were replaced with singer David Coverdale and bassist David Coverdale. The new Deep Purple released two albums Burn (1974) and Stormbringer (1974). Blackmore left the band soon after these albums were released.

In 1984, Blackmore got together with Gillan, Glover, Lord and Paice and made the album Perfect Strangers. The album had many successes with the songs "Knocking at Your Back Door" and "Perfect Strangers". After recording the album The Battle Rages On, Blackmore left the band in 1993.

The Rainbow  

In 1975, Blackmore founded the band The Rainbow. The band included Ronnie James Dio as singer, Craig Gruber on bass, Micky Lee Soule on keyboards, and Gary Driscoll on drums. The band's first album, Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow, was released August 4, 1975. It was followed by Long Live Rock 'n' Roll in 1978, with Cozy Powell in drums. On Difficult to Cure (1981), The band included the vocalist Joe Lynn Turner, replacing Dio. After several changes in its members, Blackmore disbanded the band in 1997.

Discography

Deep Purple 
Studio albums
 Shades of Deep Purple (1968)
 The Book of Taliesyn (1968)
 Deep Purple (1969)
 Deep Purple in Rock (1970)
 Fireball (1971)
 Machine Head (1972)
 Who Do We Think We Are (1973)
 Burn (1974)
 Stormbringer (1974)
 Perfect Strangers (1984)
 The House of Blue Light (1987)
 Slaves and Masters (1990)
 The Battle Rages On... (1993)

References 
 Legends of rock guitar: the essential reference of rock's greatest guitarists, by Pete Prown,Harvey P. Newquist,Jon F. Eiche
 The British Invasion: The Music, the Times, the Era, by Barry Miles

Other websites
 The Official Ritchie Blackmore and Blackmore's Night website
 1975 Interview with Ritchie Blackmore on Modern Guitars Magazine 
 Interview with Ritchie Blackmore
 Interview with Ritchie Blackmore about acoustic renaissance work 
 First Ritchie Blackmore Fanclub on the net in English with many infos and a community 

1945 births
Living people
British rock musicians
English guitarists
English songwriters
People from Somerset
LGBT human rights are not respected in the People's Republic of Bangladesh, and there appears to be no organized movement to advance such human rights. And such acts of homosexuality will lead to life in prison, or even face the death penalty.

Constitutional & Criminal Code
The Constitution has several provisions that could apply to LGBT citizens;
 Part II Article 19 – Promises equal opportunity for all citizens.
 Part III Article 27- Promises equality before the law for all citizens.
 Freedom of religion and the press are both promised, but subject to restrictions based on "decency or morality".
 A citizen is not eligible to be a member of Parliament if they are convicted of a "criminal offence involving moral turpitude."

According to Section 377A of BPC, adult homosexual sex acts are illegal and will be punished with deportation, fines and/or up to 10 years, sometimes life imprisonment. This legal prohibition extends to any sort of LGBT-human rights organization.

BPC Section – 377A. Whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.

Explanation : ” Penetration is sufficient to constitute the carnal intercourse necessary to the offence described in this section.

Social status
Hijras are discriminated against a lot. Many hijras do sex work because people will not give them jobs. Since On the 11th of November in 2013, hijras in Bangladesh have been allowed to choose 'hijra' as a gender on their passports. Before this they had to choose 'male' or 'female'. Hijras have their own language called Hijra Farsi. It is also known as Koti. In 2000, Shabnam Mausi was the first hijra to be elected into Indian parliament.

Public opinion
According to a 2017 poll carried out by ILGA, a plurality of 47% of Bangladeshis agreed that gay, lesbian and bisexual people should enjoy the same rights as straight people, while 38% disagreed. Additionally, 50% agreed that they should be protected from workplace discrimination. 49% of Bangladeshis, however, said that people who are in same-sex relationships should be charged as criminals, while 38% disagreed. As for transgender people, 44% agreed that they should have the same rights, 50% believed they should be protected from employment discrimination and 40% believed they should be allowed to change their legal gender.

Additionally, according to that same poll, a third of Bangladeshis would try to "change" a neighbour's sexual orientation if they discovered he/she was gay.

Summary table

Related
 Boys of Bangladesh

References

Politics of Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Sindhis (,  Sindhī) are a Sindhi speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating from the Sindh province of Pakistan. Today Sindhis that live in Pakistan belong to various religious denominations including Islam, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Christianity. The original inhabitants of ancient Sindh were believed to be aboriginal tribes speaking languages of the Indus Valley civilization around 3000 BC.

In his book Kitab-ul-Hind, the Persian scholar Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī (Al-Beruni) declared that even before the advent of Islam into Sindh (711 A.D.), the Sindhi language was prevalent in Sindh.

Religion
Every year for 30 years during the early 20th century, Sikh missionary groups were sent to work among Sindhis. Because of this, the number of Sindhi Sikhs increased from 1000 in 1901 to over 39,000 in 1941. During the Partition of former British India in 1947, a lot of Sindhi Sikhs left for India. They settled in Mumbai, New Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat. Later, a small number of them decided to settle in the Punjab State of India. Their main centers of pilgrimage are Sadhu Bela, an Udasi sect shrine built in 1823 in Sukkur District. And they also visit the Sikh shrines of Nankana Sahib, Panja Sahib, and Dehra Sahib in Punjab Province of Pakistan.

Ethnic groups in Sindh
The Persian language influenced the formation of many modern languages of the Greater Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asian regions, including Urdu. 

Following the Turko-Persian Mahmud of Ghazni's Ghaznavid conquest of South Asia, an influenced language of Turkish, Arabic and Persian and local dialects began to form, one that would eventually be known as Urdu. This language was called Zaban-e-Ordu ('language of the army'), the court language, and was later shortened to just Urdu. In the indigenous literature and spoken name, it was/is called Lashkari or Lashkari Zaban in the long form. It grew from the interaction of Persian and Turkish speaking Muslim soldiers and the native peoples. Under Persian influence from the state, the Persian script and Nasta'liq form of cursive writing was adopted, with additional figures added to accommodate the Indic phonetic system. The national anthem of Pakistan is highly Persianized.

Urdu is a morpho-syntax/grammatically a Persian-Turkish written in the Persia-Arabic script, and contains literary conventions and specialised vocabulary largely from Persian. Some grammatical elements peculiar to Persian, such as the enclitic ezāfe, and the use of the takhallus, were readily absorbed into Urdu literature both religious and secular.

Urdu soon gained distinction in literary and cultural spheres because of the hybrid nature of the language. Many distinctly Persian forms of literature, such as Ghazal, Qasida, Marsia and Nazms, caried over into Urdu literature, producing a distinct melding of Iranian and South Asian heritages. A famous cross-over writer was Amir Khusro, whose Persian and Urdu couplets are to this day read in South Asia-Central Asia.

References

Languages of Pakistan
Persian language
A diagnosis is an accurate and precise account of the nature or cause of something. 

Medical diagnosis is the best-known field, but diagnosis can be applied to any subject. Whereas a doctor diagnoses what is wrong with a patient, a motor mechanic can diagnose the fault in a car. In all cases they replace a vague query, such as "My car will not start", with an exact analysis, such as "It's out of petrol". Notice the diagnosis is precise enough so the solution can be seen.

These ideas work even in more subtle cases. A boy brings an insect in a box to a natural history museum. He asks an expert "What is this?" The expert says "You mean, apart from it being a beetle?" When the boy nods, the expert looks at the insect under a magnifying glass, or a binocular microscope. Chances are, it is a common beetle, and the expert can give the boy quite a lot of information about it. 

But if it is not known to the expert, a much longer study is needed. Large reference books will be consulted; trays of similar insects will be taken out of store to be compared. A full diagnosis needs at least the genus and species. If the species is unknown, the detailed work of description is needed for publication.

Related concepts 
Mostly, in biological taxonomy, the adjective "diagnostic" is used for any distinctive trait which places the specimen in a precise category. For example, A single bone making up the lower jaw is diagnostic of a mammal.

"Diagnostics" is the name given to procedures which spell out what to do to find the cause of a fault. This term is used a lot in computer systems.

Related pages
Symptom

Science
Technology
Medicine
Causality
Agoraphobia is a medical condition that causes anxiety. Sufferers are afraid of large open spaces, crowds, and new places. Many doctors believe that people with the condition are afraid of becoming anxious. Places that make them feel unsafe and increase their feelings of anxiety and panic. They may be afraid they might lose control and embarrass themselves. They worry that they may not be able to get away, or find help if they have a panic attack. The word agoraphobia means "fear of the market place". People with agoraphobia often believe that their home is the only safe place. Extreme sufferers may be unable to leave their homes for months or in some cases years.

Agoraphobia is sometimes treated successfully with medication and cognitive behavioral therapy, but some people never recover.

Symptoms
People with agoraphobia may show these signs and symptoms:
 Anxiety in "unsafe" places
 Being short of breath
 Sweating
 Dizziness
 Fast heartbeat
 Nausea
 Feelings of extreme fear
 Feeling anxious if they know they will have to leave their safe place (such as their home)
 Low self-esteem
 Loss of self-confidence 
 Do not want to visit new places
 Depression

References

Phobias
The Russian Far East is a geographical term that describes the eastern section of Russia.

Although traditionally considered part of Siberia, the Russian Far East is categorized separately from Siberia in Russian regional schemes, which covers a smaller territory called the Siberian Federal District.

This was also true during the Soviet era when it was also categorized separately and called the Soviet Far East.

The Russian Far East covers the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District.
 

Russia
A civilian in time of war is a person who is not a member of a country's military and any other fighting group. This is what the word means under the laws of war. Civilians are the opposite of soldiers and combatants, who fight in wars.

Civilians are protected by international law from being harmed during war. The treatment of civilians during times of war is covered by the Fourth Geneva Convention. Prisoners are covered by the Third Convention. These are based on humanitarian doctrines (ethical beliefs) and that most countries follow them as law.

Civilians have the right to defend themselves. If they participate in other fighting, they are usually called partisans, and they can be tried for war crimes.

The modern use of the word also has problems:
 Many modern wars are civil wars. In a civil war, it can be difficult to make the distinction between the different parties at war, and it can also be difficult to make a difference between a civilian and a soldier.
 Guerilla warfare and terrorism rely on the fact that the people taking part cannot be distinguished from civilians; they look like civilians, and not like soldiers.
 Depleting the resources of the enemy has long been a method of war. Crops are burned and supplies blockaded so all, including enemy troops, will starve. In modern times strategic bombing may attack weapons factories, transport, and cities.

References 

People
, also known as the IJA, was the army of Imperial Japan from 1871 to 1945.

The IJA was started after the Meiji Restoration and dissolved at the end of World War II.

Legacy
Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan prohibits the use of aggressive force as a means for settling international disputes.

In order to defend Japan, if necessary, the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) was formed.

The ground-reach of JSDF is the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF).

Related pages
 Imperial Japanese Navy

References

Other websites

 AxisHistory.com, Japanese Army

Military of Japan
Armies
1871 establishments
1870s establishments in Japan
1945 disestablishments in Asia
1940s disestablishments in Japan
Steve Harris (born 12 March 1956) is a bassist, keyboardist, and founder of the British band Iron Maiden.

Iron Maiden career 

In 1975 Steve Harris quits his job and founded the heavy metal band Iron Maiden with guitarist Dave Murray. In 1980 Harris and Murrray recorded the first album of Iron Maiden, released 14 April 1980, completing the formation of Maiden was Paul Di'Anno - vocal, Dennis Stratton - guitar, Clive Burr - drums. The album had some success, and a very good job of Harris on bass. The second album Killers (1981), by Iron Maiden had better impactand the incorporation of guitarist Adrian Smith. In 1982, Iron Maiden vocalist change of the band joins Bruce Dickinson, with a more powerful voice, throw one of the best Maiden album The Number of the Beast, In 1983 Harris and Maiden drummer change and was elected Nicko McBrain. In 1990 Smith left the band and was replaced by guitarist Janick Gers. With the new Iron Maiden guitarist launches one of the best albums of his career Fear of the Dark (1992). In 1995 the band changes and enters vocalist Blaze Bayley in substitution of Dickinson. Bayley did not fulfill all expectations and leaving Maiden after recording two albums. In 2000, Bruce Dickinson and Adrian Smith returned to the band, with the news that Janick Gers would remain a member of Iron Maiden Maiden, since then Maiden has three guitarists. Steve Harris is considered one of the greatest bassists of all time, he co-wrote most of the hits of Iron Maiden, and was the only member of the band will have been in all its formations.

Discography 
 Iron Maiden (1980)
 Killers (1981)
 The Number of the Beast (1982)
 Piece of Mind (1983)
 Powerslave (1984)
 Somewhere in Time (1986)
 Seventh Son of a Seventh Son (1988)
 No Prayer for the Dying (1990)
 Fear of the Dark (1992)
 The X Factor (1995)
 Virtual XI (1998)
 Brave New World (2000)
 Dance of Death (2003)
 A Matter of Life and Death (2006)
 The Final Frontier (2010)

References 
 Iron Maiden Members: Bruce Dickinson, Paul Di'anno, Nicko Mcbrain, Dave Murray, Blaze Bayley, Steve Harris, List of Iron Maiden Band Members, by General Books LLC
 Billboard Ago 3, 1985

Other websites 
 Official website of Iron Maiden

1956 births
Living people
British bass guitarists
British keyboardists
English rock guitarists
Iron Maiden
Musicians from Essex
Robert James "Bob" Ritchie (better known as Kid Rock) (born January 17, 1971) is an American singer-songwriter, rapper, musician, record producer, and actor. He has made songs with parts of many different styles of music, including rap, heavy metal, and country.

Early career
Kid Rock grew up in Romeo, Michigan, which is near Detroit. He made his first album, Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast, in 1990, but it did not have much success. He made several more records over the next few years, but they did not sell much either. However, by 1998, bands such as Korn and Limp Bizkit were becoming popular with music that had both rap and heavy metal. Because Kid Rock was making similar music, Atlantic Records, a big record label, signed Kid Rock to a contract. In 1998, his album Devil Without A Cause came out. Songs such as Bawitdaba and Cowboy came out, and Kid Rock was a star.

Later career
In 2000, Kid Rock released The History of Rock, an album that mostly had old songs from before he became famous, along with two new songs. He released the album Cocky in 2001, Kid Rock in 2003, Rock n Roll Jesus in 2007, and Born Free in 2010.

Live performances
Kid Rock is a supporter of people in the United States Military. He has performed several concerts for soldiers, and gave soldiers free copies of his album Born Free.

In 2004, Kid Rock performed during the Super Bowl halftime show. Although the show was more controversial for an incident where one of Janet Jackson's breasts was seen on television, Kid Rock was criticized for playing while wearing an American flag.

United States Senate campaign, 2018
Kid Rock has been mentioned as a possible candidate for the 2018 U.S. Senate election in Michigan. On July 12, 2017, he shared a photo of a "Kid Rock for US Senate" yard sign on Twitter. He later confirmed that he is in fact running for the Senate.

Discography
Singles
"All Summer Long" (2008)

Studio albums
Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast (1990)
The Polyfuze Method (1993)
Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp (1996)
Devil Without a Cause (1998)
Cocky (2001)
Kid Rock (2003)
Rock n Roll Jesus (2007)
Born Free (2010)
Rebel Soul (2012)
First Kiss (2015)
Sweet Southern Sugar (2017)

References

US Republican Party politicians
Rap musicians from Michigan
American singer-songwriters
American movie actors
American rock musicians
Singers from Michigan
Writers from Michigan
Politicians from Michigan
1971 births
Living people
Amborellaceae is a family of flowering plants native to New Caledonia. The family contains only one species, Amborella trichopoda.  Botanists think it is the most basal plant in the angiosperm clade.

The Amborellaceae are distinctive. They are sprawling evergreen shrubs or small trees. Their tissue is different from any other Angiosperm. The xylem of Amborella contains only tracheids; vessel elements are absent. Xylem of this form has long been regarded as a "primitive" feature of flowering plants.

References

Flowering plants
Castro is a Chilean city with 39.366 inhabitants (2002 census).

History 
Castro was discovered by the Spanish conqueror Martín Ruiz de Gamboa on 1567.

Sights 

Castro is well known for its palafitos, traditional wooden stilt houses that are common on the Chiloé Island. Some of them are preserved in the west of the town in a bay named Fiordo de Castro.

In Gamboa, there is also an interesting wooden chapel.

References

Other websites 

Castro municipality 
History & Legends of Castro

Cities in Chile
Puerto Montt is a Chilean city with 175,847 inhabitants (2002 census).

History 
The actual Puerto Montt was discovered by a thick forest man who founded the city as Melipulli on 1853.

Gallery

References

Other websites
Puerto Montt municipality 

Cities in Chile
Temuco is a Chilean city with 245,347 inhabitants (2002 census).

History 
The actual Temuco was founded by Manuel Recabarren naming the place like Fuerte Recabarren(Fort Recabarren) during the Occupation of the Araucania on 1881.

Gallery

References

Other websites
Temuco municipality  

Cities in Chile
Talca is a Chilean city with 201.797 inhabitants (2002 census).

History 
Talca was founded like Villa San Agustín de Talca by the Spanish José Antonio Manso de Velasco on 1881.

Gallery

References

Other websites
Talca municipality 

Cities in Chile
Rancagua is a Chilean city with 214,344 people living there according to 2002 census.

History 
Rancagua was founded by the Spanish soldier José Antonio Manso de Velasco on 1743.

Gallery

References

Other websites
Rancagua municipality 

Cities in Chile
Settlements in the Region of O'Higgins