cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
This article is a list of political parties in Iceland.

Parties in the Althing

Other parties 

These are the parties that are not in the Althing and have no political power.

Left wing 

 Humanist Party
 Rainbow
 Iceland Democratic Party
 People's Front of Iceland
 Liberal Democrats

Right wing 

 Households Party
 Christian Political Movement

No spectrum 

 Rural Party
 Dawn
 Solidarity

References 

Iceland
Politics of Iceland
Thinis or This (Egyptian: Tjenu) was the capital city of the first dynasties of ancient Egypt. The actual site of Thinis has not yet been discovered. Ancient writers, such as Manetho, said it was the centre of the Thinite Confederacy. Their leader Menes (or Narmer), united Egypt and was its first pharaoh. In the Third Dynasty the capital was moved to Memphis. This meant that Thinis was no longer important. It still played a role in administration  becauset was close to border of the competing Heracleopolitan and Theban dynasties of the First Intermediate Period. It was also near oases of  military importance, during the Old and New Kingdoms. Thinis lost its position as a regional administrative centre by the Roman period.

Due to its ancient heritage, Thinis remained a significant religious centre. It was the home to the tomb and mummy of the local god.  In ancient Egyptian religious cosmology, as seen (for example) in the Book of the Dead, Thinis played a role as a mythical place in heaven.

The exact site of Thinis is unknown. Historians believe its was near ancient Abydos and modern Girga.

References

 Gardiner, Sir Alan Henderson. Egypt of the pharaohs: An introduction, Oxford University Press, 1964, Oxford. , isbn 978-0-19-500267-6
 Massey, Gerald. Ancient Egypt: The light of the world, T. Fisher Unwin, Vol 2, 1907, London, 
 Ryholt, K. S. B., The political situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800 – 1550 BC, Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, Copenhagen,  isbn 87-7289-421-0
 Strudwick, Nigel C., Texts from the pyramid age, Society of Biblical Literature, 2005, Atlanta,  isbn 978-1-58983-138-4

Cities in Egypt
Ancient Egypt
Božo Bakota (5 October 1950 – 1 October 2015) was a Croatian footballer. He played as a forward and midfielder professionally between 1971 and 1986. He played for NK Zagreb and SK Sturm Graz. He also played for the Yugoslavia national team in 1978. He was born in Zagreb.

Bakota died on 1 October 2015 in Graz, Austria. He was 64.

References

1950 births
2015 deaths
Croatian footballers
Sportspeople from Zagreb
Yugoslavian sportspeople
The Amarna period was an era of Ancient Egypt in the last half of the Eighteenth dynasty.

The royal residence of the pharaoh and his queen was shifted to Akhetaten ('Horizon of the Aten') in what is now Amarna. It was marked by the reign of Amenhotep IV, who changed his name to Akhenaten (1353–1336 BC). This was to underline the dramatic change of Egypt's polytheistic religion into one where the sun disc Aten was worshipped over all other gods. Aten was not solely worshipped (the religion was not monotheistic), but other gods were worshipped to a significantly lesser degree. The Egyptian pantheon of the equality of all gods and goddesses was restored under Akhenaten's successor.

During Akhenaten's reign, royal portraiture changed.  Sculptures of Akhenaten are different from those of earlier pharaohs.  Akhenaten is shown in an androgynous (less manly) and stylized manner, with large thighs, a slim torso, drooping belly, full lips, and a long neck and nose. Some believe that the break with convention was due to "the presence at Amarna of new people or groups of artists whose background and training were different from those of the Karnak sculptors".

The events following Akhenaten's death are unclear and the identity and policies of his co-regent and immediate successor Smenkhkare are unclear.

Tutankhamun and the Amarna succession
Tutankhamun died before he was twenty years old, and the dynasty's final years clearly were shaky. The royal line of the dynasty died out with Tutankhamun. Two fetuses found buried in his tomb may have been his twin daughters who would have continued the royal lineage, according to a 2008 investigation.

The last two members of the eighteenth dynasty – Ay and Horemheb – became rulers from the ranks of officials in the royal court. Ay may have married the widow of Tutankhamun in order to get power and she did not live long afterward. Ay's reign was short. His successor was Horemheb, a general in the Egyptian army, who had been a diplomat in the administration of Tutankhamun. He may have been named as a successor by the childless Tutankhamun. Horemheb may have taken the throne away from Ay in a coup. He also died childless and appointed his successor, Paramessu who, under the name Ramesses I, ascended the throne in 1292 BC. He was the first pharaoh of the Nineteenth dynasty.

References 

Ancient Egypt
Kirsten A. Holmstedt is an American author and journalist. She has written for newspapers, magazines and business publications. Holmstead is the author of two books on women in the military.

Early life
She was born and grew up in Mystic, Connecticut, USA. In 1985 she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in journalism  from Drake University. In 2006, she earned a Master of Fine Arts degree in creative non-fiction from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.

Career
Besides two books on women and the military, she has written other articles on military issues. She left her job as a public information officer for Coastal Carolina Community College in Jacksonville, North Carolina to be a freelance writer.

Awards
 2007 Golden Quill Award, American Authors Association
 2007 Founder's Award, Military Writer's Society of America

Bibliography
 Band of Sisters: American Women at War in Iraq (2007)  
 The Girls Come Marching Home: Stories of Women Warriors Returning from the War in Iraq (2009) Stackpole.

References

Other websites
Biography on Shesource.com
Discussion of Band of Sisters on C-SPAN

Living people
American feminist writers
American journalists
Writers from Connecticut
Year of birth missing (living people)
Donna Edna Shalala ( ; born February 14, 1941) is an American politician. She was the United States representative of Florida's 27th congressional district from January 3, 2019 to January 3, 2021.

She served as United States Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001. She was the president of the University of Miami, a private university in Coral Gables, Florida, from 2001 through 2015.

In August 2018, she became the Democratic nominee for Florida's 27th Congressional District. She won the general election on November 6, 2018. She lost her re-election in 2020 to Republican Maria Elvira Salazar.

References

Other websites
President Donna E. Shalala’s Biography at the University of Miami .
"America's Best Leaders: Q&A with Donna Shalala, President of the University of Miami, U.S. News & World Report, October 22, 2005.
Donna Shalala   Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America
President Donna E. Shalala Collection, 1980-1988, Hunter College Archives and Special Collections

1941 births
Living people
United States representatives from Florida
United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services
Politicians from Cleveland, Ohio
Politicians from Miami, Florida
US Democratic Party politicians
Daniel Joseph "Rusty" Staub (April 1, 1944 – March 29, 2018) was an American Major League Baseball right fielder, designated hitter, and first baseman and philanthropist. He has a 23-year baseball career with 5 different teams. He was an original member of the Montreal Expos.

Staub also played for the Houston Colt .45s, the New York Mets, the Detroit Tigers and the New York Yankees.

On April 4, 1986, Staub established the Rusty Staub Foundation to provide educational scholarships for youth and fight hunger.

In 1986, Staub founded the New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund, which supports the families of New York City police officers, firefighters, Port Authority police, and emergency medical personnel who were killed in the line of duty. 

In July 2006, Staub teamed with Mascot Books to publish his first children's book, Hello, Mr. Met.

Staub died on March 29, 2018 of multiple organ failure complicated by respiratory tract infection-related pneumonia in West Palm Beach, Florida at the age of 73.

References

1944 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from respiratory tract infection
Disease-related deaths in Florida
American philanthropists
Houston Astros players
Montreal Expos players
New York Mets players
Detroit Tigers players
Texas Rangers players
Sportspeople from New Orleans, Louisiana
Whitney Houston is the self titled debut album of American recording artist Whitney Houston, released February 14, 1985 on Arista Records.

Reviews

Whitney Houston received positive reviews.

Track listing

Personnel

Musicians

 Lead vocal – Whitney Houston
 Duet vocals – Jermaine Jackson, Teddy Pendergrass
 Clarinet – John Barnes
 Keyboards – Robbie Buchanan, Randy Kerber, Yvonne Lewis, Richard Marx
 Bass guitar – Nathan East, Freddie Washington, Randy "The Emperor" Jackson
 Synthesizer – Preston Glass, Greg Phillinganes
 Drums – Ed Greene, John "J.R." Robinson, J.T. Lewis, Steve Rucker
 Background vocals – Cissy Houston, Jermaine Jackson, Julia Tillman Waters, Maxine Willard Waters, Oren Waters, Yogi Lee, Mary Canty, Deborah Thomas
 Guitar – Paul Jackson, Jr., Dann Huff, Tim May, Ira Siegel, David Williams, Louie Shelton

 Percussion – Bashiri Johnson, Joe Lala
 Rhythm and string arrangements – Gene Page, Jr
 Synth guitar – Corrado Rustici
 Saxophone – Tom Scott, Ernie Watts, Premik Russell Tubbs

Production
 Producers: Jermaine Jackson, Kashif, Michael Masser, Narada Michael Walden
 Executive producer: Clive Davis
 Engineers: Michael Barbiero, Michael Mancini, Michael O'Reilly, Russell Schmitt
 Mixing: Michael Barbiero, Michael O'Reilly, Bill Schnee
 Arrangements: Gene Page Jr., Kashif, Narada Michael Walden
 Art direction: Donn Davenport
 Photographer: Garry Gross
 Fashion stylist: Tiagi Lambert (Gown by Giovanne De Maura, Bathing Suit by Norma Kamali)
 Makeup: Quietfire
 Coordinator: Brenda Gorsky
 Hair sylist: Jeffrey Woodly

Charts and certifications

Chart positions

Year-end charts

Decade-end charts

Certifications

Singles chart positions

References

1985 albums
Debut albums
Whitney Houston albums
Dance-pop albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Whitney Houston
LP1 is the fifth studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone. It was released on 21 July 2011 on Stone's own label, Stone'd Records, after she had left her label EMI in 2010.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of LP1.

 Joss Stone – vocals, executive producer, production
 Tom Bukovac – guitar
 Kristin Burns – photography
 Tom Coyne – mastering
 Chad Cromwell – drums, percussion
 Dan Dugmore – pedal steel guitar
 Steve Greenwell – additional engineering, mixing
 Dave Kaplan – executive producer
 John McBride – engineering

 Wendy Moten – backing vocals
 Brian Nelson – executive producer
 Luke Potter – additional guitar 
 Drea Rhenee – backing vocals
 Michael Rhodes – bass
 Mike Rojas – keyboards
 Dave Stewart – cover photo, guitar, production
 Kevin Tetreault – design, layout

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

References

2011 albums
Joss Stone albums
Quiet storm albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Betty Williams (22 May 1943 – 17 March 2020) was a Northern Irish peace activist. She was born in Belfast. She started the organization "Community of Peace People", who worked toward getting peace in Northern Ireland. In 1976, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, together with Mairead Corrigan, who also co-founded the organization.

Williams died on 17 March 2020 in Belfast at the age of 76.

References

Other websites 

 Nobel Committee information on 1976 Peace Laureates 
  Short biography 
 Peace People in Northern Ireland – a socialist position

1943 births
2020 deaths
Nobel Peace Prize winners
People from Belfast
The Second Dynasty ruled ancient Egypt from c. 2890 to c. 2686 BC It is the second dynasty of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt. During this time the seat of government was centred at Thinis. Very little is known about this period in ancient Egyptian history.

There is very little archaeological evidence of the time. But to compare the differences between the First and Third Dynasties shows that there must have important institutional and economic developments during the Second Dynasty.

Rulers
The names of the rulers of the Second Dynasty is not known exactly. Most sources agree on the names of the first pharaohs. These are:

The names of the next two or three rulers is unclear. We may have both the Horus-name or Nebty (meaning two ladies) name and their birth names for these rulers, however they may be entirely different individuals; or they may be legendary names. On the left are the rulers most Egyptologists place here; on the right are the names from Manetho's Aegyptica:

With the last ruler, we return to an agreement:

Manetho wrote that the capital was at Thinis, the same as during the First Dynasty. However, at least the first three kings were buried at Saqqara. This could mean the center of power had moved to Memphis. Beyond this, little can be said about the events during this period. The annual records on the Palermo Stone only survive for the end of the reign of Nebra and for parts of Nynetjer's. One important event possibly happened during the reign of Khasekhemwy: many Egyptologists read his name ("the Two Powers arise") as commemorating the union of the Upper and Lower Egypts.

References

Ancient Egypt
Janet Remixed is the second remix album by American recording artist Janet Jackson. Released on March 13, 1995 by Virgin.

Track listing

Personnel

 Jeff Bender – Photography
 Brothers in Rhythm –  Producer, Remixing (Track 2)
 Terry Burrus – Piano (Track 3)
 Steve Burton – Keyboards (Track 7)
 Peter Daou – Keyboards (Track 3)
 Dave Darlington – Remix (Track 1)
 Marius De Vries – Programming (Track 8)
 Patrick Demarchelier – Photography
 Tom Dolan – Design
 E-Smoove – Producer, Remixing (Track 6)
 René Elizondo, Jr. – Photography
 Flea – Engineer (Track 10)
 Kenny "Dope" Gonzales – Drums (Track 1)
 Jossie Harris – Vocals (Track 5)
 Steve Hodge – Mixing
 Nellee Hooper – Producer, Remixing (Track 8)
 Janet Jackson – Producer (Tracks 1–3, 5–8, 10, 11)
 Jimmy Jam – Producer (Tracks 1–9, 11)
 Sandy Jenkins – Assistant Engineer (Track 1)
 Jellybean Johnson – Producer (Track 10)
 R. Kelly – Producer, Remixing (Track 11)
 Frankie Knuckles – Remixing (Track 3)
 Tina Landon – Vocals (Track 5)
 Terry Lewis Producer (Track 1-9, 11)

 Richard Lowe – Remix Engineer (Track 7)
 CJ Mackintosh – Drums, Keyboards, Remixing (Tracks 1, 7)
 MC Lyte – Rap (Track 6)
 Peter Mokran – Engineer (Track 11)
 David Morales – Percussion, Remixing (Tracks 3, 5)
 Dave Navarro – Engineer, Lead Guitar (Track 10)
 Len Peltier – Art Direction
 John Poppo – Engineer (Track 3)
 Dave Rideau – Mixing (Tracks 1–3, 5–11)
 Herb Ritts – Photography
 Alan Sanderson – Second Engineer (Track 10)
 David Schiffman – Remix Engineer (Track 10)
 Peter "Ski" Schwartz – Keyboards (Track 5)
 Paul Shapiro – Saxophone (Track 5)
 Chad Smith – Engineer (track 10)
 Lem Springsteen – Keyboards (Track 5)
 Al Stone – Engineer (Track 8)
 David Sussman – Engineer (Track 5)
 Dom T. – Additional Keyboards (Track 8)
 Satoshi Tomiie – Keyboards (Tracks 3, 5)
 "Little" Louie Vega – Keyboards (Track 1)
 Ellen von Unwerth – Photography
 Danny Weatherspoon – Keyboards (Track 6)
 Steve Weeder – Engineer (Track 6)
 Paul Wright – Engineer (Track 2)

Charts

Certifications

References

1995 albums
Remix albums
Janet Jackson albums
Dance albums
House albums
R&B albums
Vyasa (, , literally “Compiler”) is an important figure in most Hindu traditions. He is sometimes called Veda Vyāsa (वेदव्यास, veda-vyāsa, "the one who classified the Vedas") or Krishna Dvaipāyana (referring to his complexion and birthplace). He is the author of the Mahabharata. He is also a character in it. He is considered to be the scribe of both the Vedas and Puranas. According to Hindu beliefs, Vyasa is an avatar of the god Vishnu. Vyasa is also considered to be one of the seven Chiranjivins (long lived, or immortals), who are still in existence according to Hindu belief.

Vyasa lived around the 3rd millennium BCE. The festival of Guru Purnima is dedicated to him. It is also known as Vyasa Purnima, for it is the day believed to be both his birthday and the day he divided the Vedas.

In the Mahabharata
Vyasa appears for the first time as the compiler of, and an important character in, the Mahabharata. It is said that he was the expansion of the god Vishnu who came in Dwaparayuga to make all the Vedic knowledge available in writing which was available in only in spoken form at that time.  He was the son of Satyavati, daughter of the fisherman Dusharaj, and the wandering sage Parashara. He is credited with being the author of the first Purana, Vishnu Purana). Vyasa was born on an island in the Yamuna river. There are two different views regarding the place of his birth. One of the views suggests that he was born in the Tanahun district in western Nepal. Another view suggests that he was born on Island in Yamuna river near Kalpi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Vyasa had a dark complexion and may be called by the name Krishna (black), and also the name Dwaipayana, meaning 'island-born'.

References 

Hindu saints
Mahabharata
{{Infobox album
| name = The Best of Joss Stone 2003–2009
| type = greatest hits
| artist = Joss Stone
| cover =
| released = 
| recorded = 2003–09
| genre = 
| length = 
| label = 
| producer = 
| prev_title = LP1(2011)
–2009(2011)
| next_title = The Soul Sessions Vol. 2(2012)
}}The Best of Joss Stone 2003–2009''' is the first greatest hits album by English recording artist Joss Stone, released on 23 September 2011 by Virgin and EMI. The album was going to be called Super Duper Hits: The Best of Joss Stone,

BackgroundThe Best of Joss Stone 2003-2009'' is filled with songs from all of Stone's albums that she released with Virgin and EMI, the album was released without Stone's permission, to which she commented to in an interview about how she didn't like the original title that the album would have been called.

Track listing

Charts

References

2011 albums
Greatest hits albums
Joss Stone albums
Jazz albums
Funk albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Virgin Records albums
The Soul Sessions Vol. 2 is the sixth studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone, released on 20 July 2012 by S-Curve Records and her own label, Stone'd Records.

Background
Like her debut album The Soul Sessions (2003) where the songs were covers of classic soul songs, The Soul Sessions Vol. 2s songs are covers of soul and R&B songs that were originally made during the 1970s.

Reviews

The Soul Sessions Vol. 2 received positive reviews from music critics.

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

References

2012 albums
Joss Stone albums
Jazz albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Josephus Albertus "Jos" Vandeloo (Zonhoven, 5 September 1925 - 5 October 2015) was a Belgian writer and poet. His career began in the 1950s. He became well known with the stories De muur (E: The wall) en Het gevaar (E: The danger).

Other websites
 Jos Vandeloo 
 Jos Vandeloo 
 G.J. van Bork en P.J. Verkruijsse, De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs (1985)

1925 births
2015 deaths
Belgian novelists
Belgian poets
People from Limburg (Belgium)
José Eduardo Dutra (11 April 1957 – 4 October 2015) was a Brazilian businessman and politician. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. He joined Petrobras in 1983, and served as CEO from 2003 to 2005. He returned to the company in 2012, after a two year stint as the president of the Workers' Party. He was elected to the Federal Senate in 1994 and served until his death in 2015.

Dutra died of cancer in Belo Horizonte, aged 58.

References

1957 births
2015 deaths
Brazilian politicians
Brazilian businesspeople
Deaths from cancer
Disease-related deaths in Brazil
Kevin Steen (born May 7, 1984) is an Canadian professional wrestler. He currently wrestles for the WWE, where he competes under the ring name Kevin Owens.  Under WWE, he held the NXT Championship 1-time, the WWE Universal Championship 1-time, WWE Intercontinental Championship 2-times, and the WWE United States Championship 3-times.

Steen was also known for competing on the independent circuit under his real name. He has worked for Ring of Honor (ROH), Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG), and Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW). He was a one-time ROH World Champion and a ROH World Tag Team Champion with El Generico in ROH, a three-time PWG World Champion and a three-time PWG World Tag Team Champion with El Generico (2) and Super Dragon (1), and a one-time CZW Iron Man Champion.

Career

WWE
On May 18, 2015 episode of Raw, Owens made his main roster debut and answered John Cena's United States Championship Open Challenge. Instead of competing for the championship, Owens attacked Cena, pop-up powerbombed him, and stomped on the US title in a show of disrespect.

Championships
 All American Wrestling
 AAW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 Capital City Championship Combat
 C*4 Championship (1 time)
 C*4 Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Mike Bailey)
 Combat Revolution Wrestling
 CRW Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Pat Skillz)
 Combat Zone Wrestling
 CZW Iron Man Championship (1 time)
 Elite Wrestling Revolution
 EWR Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 Elite 8 Tournament (2005)
 International Wrestling Syndicate
 IWS Canadian Championship (1 time)
 IWS World Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 North Shore Pro Wrestling
 NSPW Championship (1 time)
 Pro Wrestling Guerrilla
 PWG World Championship (3 times)
 PWG World Tag Team Championship (3 times) (with El Generico (2) and Super Dragon (1))
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 He was ranked #10 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in both 2013 and 2015.
 Ring of Honor
 ROH World Championship (1 time)
 ROH World Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with El Generico)
 SoCal Uncensored
 Match of the Year (2011) (with Super Dragon vs. The Young Bucks on December 10)
 Wrestler of the Year (2005, 2011, 2012)
 Squared Circle Wrestling
 2CW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 2CW Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Jason Axe)
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 Best Brawler (2010–2012)
 Feud of the Year (2010) (vs. El Generico)
 WWE NXT
 NXT Championship (1 time)
 World Wrestling Entertainment
 WWE Intercontinental Championship (2 times)
 WWE United States Championship (3 times)
 WWE Universal Championship (1 time)

References

Other websites

1984 births
Canadian professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Quebec
WWE wrestlers
Bathory is the first studio album by the Swedish extreme metal band Bathory. It was released in October 1984, through Tyfon Grammofon. Many people say that this album is the very first black metal album.

Background 

The band Bathory was formed one year earlier. Quorthon was working part-time at the small record label Tyfon. In late 1983 and early 1984, the label was putting together a lot of songs by Scandinavian metal bands. At the last minute, one of the bands backed out. Tyfon agreed to let Bathory appear on the record as a replacement, and the band recorded two songs for the compilation—"Sacrifice" and "The Return of the Darkness and Evil"—in January. The album, Scandinavian Metal Attack, was released in March 1984 and was Bathory's first appearance on record. Much of the fan-mail was directed towards Bathory, and Tyfon asked them to record a full-album.

On 22 May 1984, Bathory had their first and only rehearsal together before recording the album. On 14 June the band entered Heavenshore Studio in Stockholm—a garage—to record the album. The recording and mixing were done in somewhere between 32 and 56 hours.

Track listing

People 

 Quorthon – vocals, guitar, record producer
 Stefan Larsson – drums
 Rickard Bergman – bass guitar
 The Boss – audio engineer, record producer

References 

1984 albums
A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body that is between the core and the crust of a planetary body. Mantles are made of rock or ices. They are generally the largest layer of the planetary body. All terrestrial planets, a number of asteroids, and some moons have mantles.

Earth's mantle 

The Earth's mantle is a layer of silicate rock between the crust and the outer core. Its mass is 4.01 × 1024 kg. It makes up 67% the mass of the Earth. It has a thickness of 2,900 kilometres (1,800 mi). It makes up about 84% of Earth's volume. The Earth's mantle behaves as a viscous fluid.

Other planetary mantles 
Mercury has a silicate mantle that is approximately 490 km thick. Mercury's mantle makes up 28% of its mass. Venus's silicate mantle is approximately 2800 km thick. Venus's mantle makes up around 70% of its mass. Mars's silicate mantle is approximately 1600 km thick. Mar's mantle makes up 74–88% of its mass.

Moons with mantles 
Jupiter's moons Io, Europa, and Ganymede have silicate mantles. Io's mantle is 1100 km thick. Ganymede's mantle is 1315 km thick. Europa's mantle is 1165 km thick. The silicate mantle of the Moon is approximately 1300–1400 km thick. Titan and Triton each have a mantle made of ice or other solid volatile substances.

Asteroids with mantles 
Some of the largest asteroids have mantles. For example, Vesta has a silicate mantle similar in composition to diogenite meteorites.

References

Plate tectonics
Structure of the Earth
Moroccan Amazigh (Amazigh: ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ or ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ) is a language. It is an official language in Morocco.

Afroasiatic languages
Hellingly is a small village in East Sussex, England. Hellingly School has about 209 students.

There is a very small park in Hellingly. 

Hellingly  has a church called St Peter and St Paul. Children from  Hellingly use the church for harvest festivals and Christmas carol services.

East Sussex
Villages in England
Coleridge George Emerson Goode (29 November 1914 – 2 October 2015) was a British Jamaican-born jazz bassist. He was best known for his long works with alto saxophonist Joe Harriott. 

On 18 May 2011 Goode was honoured with the Services to Jazz Award at the Parliamentary Jazz Awards, held at the House of Commons. He died on 2 October 2015, the year after he turned 100.

References

1914 births
2015 deaths
Bassists
British centenarians
British musicians
Jamaican entertainers
Jazz musicians
People from Kingston, Jamaica
Chantal Anne Akerman (; 6 June 1950 – 5 October 2015) was a Belgian movie director, artist, and professor at the City College of New York. Her best-known movies were Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles (1975).

Akerman was born to Jewish parents in Brussels. She was a lesbian. She died on 5 October 2015 in Paris. Le Monde reported that she committed suicide after suffering from depression. She was 65.

References

Other websites
 
 Artist's page in Artfacts.Net with actual major exhibitions.
 Screens of Film, Video, Memory, and Smoke by Ana Balona de Oliveira in Fillip

1950 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Brussels
Actors who committed suicide
Artists from Brussels
Artists who committed suicide
Belgian Jews
Belgian LGBT people
Belgian movie actors
Belgian movie directors
Belgian screenwriters
Cinematographers
Feminist writers
Jewish actors
Jewish artists
Jewish feminists
Jewish screenwriters
Lesbian feminists
Lesbian Jews
LGBT actors
LGBT artists
LGBT directors
LGBT screenwriters

Movie editors
Belgian movie producers
Writers from Brussels
Barrow County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. It has a lot of woodlands. Most people that live here are originally from the deep south. The Latino and Hispanic population in the area is growing rapidly. The black population is also growing quickly. There are eight elementary schools, four middle schools and two high schools. The main cities are Bethlehem and Winder.

The county has a museum, the Barrow County Museum.

1914 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Anthony Conrad Nesty (born November 25, 1967 in Trinidad and Tobago) was a competition swimmer from Suriname. He won an Olympic gold medal in the 100-metre butterfly event in 1988. Nesty won a bronze medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He also competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics. He is currently an associate head coach at the University of Florida.

References 

1967 births
Living people
1984 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics  
Olympic bronze medalists
Olympic gold medalists
Surinamese sportspeople
Swimmers
Trinidad and Tobago people
Fame is the second studio album by Jamaican singer Grace Jones, released on June 6, 1978 by Island Records.

Track listing

"Do or Die" (Jack Robinson, James Bolden) – 6:47
"Pride" (Jack Robinson, James Bolden) – 6:23
"Fame" (Jack Robinson, Gil Slavin) – 5:37
"Autumn Leaves" (Jacques Prévert, Johnny Mercer, Joseph Kosma) – 7:02
"All on a Summers Night" (Jack Robinson, James Bolden) – 4:17
"Am I Ever Gonna Fall in Love in New York City" (Jack Robinson, Vivienne Savoie Robinson, James Bolden) – 5:28
"Below the Belt" (Grace Jones, Pierre Papadiamondis) – 4:43

References

1978 albums
Grace Jones albums
Disco albums
R&B albums
Raúl Manuel Grijalva (; born February 19, 1948) is an American politician. He was the  U.S. Representative for , serving since 2003. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Other websites
U.S. Congressman Raul Grijalva official U.S. House site
Raúl Grijalva for Congress 

 

1948 births
Category;Living people
American Roman Catholics
Politicians from Tucson, Arizona
United States representatives from Arizona
US Democratic Party politicians
21st-century American politicians
Dominique Dropsy (9 December 1951 – 7 October 2015) was a French footballer. He played as a goalkeeper. He earned seventeen international caps for the French national team during the late 1970s, early 1980s.

He was a player of RC Strasbourg (1973–1984), he was a member of the French team in the 1978 FIFA World Cup. He played in a total of 596 Ligue 1 matches between 1972-1989, a record at that time.

Dropsy died in Leuze, France from leukemia, aged 63.

Other websites

 French Football Federation Profile  
 Profile  

1951 births
2015 deaths
1978 FIFA World Cup players
Cancer deaths in France 
Deaths from leukemia
French footballers
María Elena Lucena Arcuri (25 September 1914 – 7 October 2015) was an Argentine movie actress. She was born in Buenos Aires.

She was known for her roles in Ven, mi corazón te llama (1942); Elvira Fernández, vendedora de tiendas (1942) directed by Manuel Romero with Paulina Singerman; Cinco Besos (1945) in which she worked with Mirtha Legrand; La Rubia Mireya (1948) by Manuel Romero with Mecha Ortiz for which she won Best Comic Actress from the Argentine Film Critics Association; Una noche cualquiera (1951); El calavera (1954) by Carlos Borcosque; and La murga (1963) by René Mugica.

Lucena died on October 7, 2015 in Buenos Aires at the age of 101.

References

Other websites

 

1914 births
2015 deaths
Argentine actors
Centenarians
People from Buenos Aires
Henry DeWitt Hamilton (February 26, 1863 - August 18, 1942) was the Adjutant General of the New York State Militia starting in 1912.

Biography
He was born on February 26, 1863 in White Hall, Illinois to Edwin Benjamin Brown Hamilton (1821-1894) and Mary Ann Hildred Chandler. He attended Shurtleff College and Columbia University and was admitted to the bar in New York in 1884. On June 30, 1893 in Newark, New Jersey he married Ada Estelle Brown.

He was the Adjutant General of the New York State Militia starting in 1912. In 1923 he was appointed as the secretary of the Rhode Island Democratic Committee.

He died on August 18, 1942 in Barrington, Rhode Island. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

References

Other websites
Henry DeWitt Hamilton at Findagrave

1863 births
1942 deaths
Lawyers from Illinois
People from Barrington, Rhode Island
People from Brooklyn
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Lawyers from New York City
The love of Captain Brando () is a 1974 Spanish movie. It was directed by Jaime de Armiñán.

Plot 
Fernando, an old Republican exiled, returns to the imaginary town of Trescabañas after 35 years of absence. Aurora, the attractive young school teacher of the small town, is rejected by the bigoted neighbors, who see a "dangerous" source of corruption of their students in her methods. Juan, her 13 years old pupil, takes refuge in the imaginary world of his adolescent fantasies to escape from the reality.

The film tells the impossible love between Fernando, Aurora and Juan.

Cast 
 Fernando Fernán Gómez as Fernando
 Ana Belén as Mrs. Aurora
 Jaime Gamboa as Juan 
 Julieta Serrano as Mrs. María Rosa
 Antonio Ferrandis as Mr. Julio

Reception 
The movie was shown at the Berlin Film Festival. It was praised by both the jury and the spectators. Armiñán won the Golden Bear as Best Film.

References

Other websites

The Love of Captain Brando at Filmaffinity.com

Spanish movies
1974 movies
Drama movies
Tomas Robert Lindahl FRS FMedSci (born 28January 1938) is a Swedish scientist specialising in cancer research. In 2015, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with American chemist Paul Modrich and Turkish chemist Aziz Sancar for mechanistic studies of DNA repair.

Lindahl was professor of medical chemistry at the University of Gothenburg 1978-82. He moved to England and joined the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (now Cancer Research UK) as a researcher in 1981.  From 1986 he was the first Director of Cancer Research UK's Clare Hall research institute in Hertfordshire. Since 2015 this has been part of the Francis Crick Institute.

When the Royal Society elected him as a Fellow, his achievements were extraordinary (though rather technical):
"Dr. Tomas Lindahl is noted for his contributions to the comprehension of DNA repair at the molecular level in bacterial and mammalian cells. He was the first to isolate a mammalian DNA ligase and to describe a totally unanticipated novel group of DNA glycosylases as mediators of DNA excision repair. He has also discovered a unique class of enzymes in mammalian cells, namely the methyltransferases, which mediate the adaptive response to alkylation of DNA and has shown that the expression of these enzymes is regulated by the ada gene... Apart from providing profound insights into the nature of the DNA repair process his very important contributions promise to facilitate the design of more selective chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of cancer. Lindahl has also made a number of significant contributions to understanding at the DNA level the mechanism of transformation of B-lymphocytes by the Epstein-Barr virus. The most notable of these was the first description of the occurrence in lymphoid cells of closed circular duplex viral DNA".

References 

1938 births
Living people
Swedish scientists
The Bullet cluster (1E 0657-558) consists of two colliding clusters of galaxies. Strictly speaking, the name Bullet cluster refers to the smaller subcluster, moving away from the larger one. It is at a co-moving radial distance of 1.141 x 109 parsecs (3.7 billion light-years).

Gravitational lensing studies of the Bullet cluster are claimed to provide the best evidence to date for the existence of dark matter.  However, this interpretation of the gravitational lensing results is disputed. Observations of other galaxy cluster collisions, such as MACS J0025.4-1222, are similarly claimed to support the existence of dark matter.

Mordehai Milgrom, the original proposer of MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics), has posted on-line a rebuttal of claims that the Bullet Cluster proves the existence of dark matter. Milgrom claims that MOND correctly accounts for the dynamics of galaxies outside of galaxy clusters, and even in clusters such as the Bullet Cluster it removes the need for most dark matter, leaving only a factor of two which Milgrom expects to be simply unseen ordinary matter (non-luminous baryonic matter) rather than cold dark matter. Without MOND, or some similar theory, the matter discrepancy in galaxy clusters is a factor of 10, i.e. MOND reduces this discrepancy five-fold to a factor of 2.

References 

Galaxy clusters
Skyros is an island of the east coast of Greece. It is the southernmost island of the Sporades, an archipelago in the Aegean Sea. Around the 2nd millennium BC and slightly later, the island was known as "The Island of the Magnetes". Later it was called "Pelasgia" and "Dolopia". Finally it got the name Skyros. At  it is the largest of the Sporades. The island has a population of about 3,000 (in 2011). The Hellenic Air Force has a major base in Skyros, because of the island's strategic location in the middle of the Aegean. It is a popular tourist location. Skyros is the resting place of Rupert Brooke, the British poet.

References 

Islands of Greece
The Tombs of the Sanhedrin is a series of tombs in Jerusalem, Israel. The tombs are cut into the rock underground. It was named after the Sanhedrin - courts of judges that were chosen in every city of ancient Israel.

History 
The cave was cleared in 1903 by the American archaeologist G. A. Burton. In 1950, archaeologist Yotam Julius Rothschild finished excavating the cave (clearing it out completely, so he could see what was inside). In the cave was a coffin with the name "Isaac" written on it.  The coffin was taken to France, and today it is in the Louvre Museum in Paris.

Many burial caves were found in the Sanhedrin caves. The whole area is part of the necropolis, a very big, underground cemetery used during the Second Temple period in Jerusalem.  There are a few reasons why this area in Jerusalem has so many burial caves.  First, the area was used for stone quarrying - taking huge pieces of stone out of the ground to use them to build things.  This left large caves.  Also, at the time, rich people in Jerusalem liked the idea of burial caves.  This made the idea of a necropolis easier and popular.

Other websites 

 The Graves of the Sanhedrin  (GoIsrael.com)

Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Archaeological sites in Israel
Burial monuments and structures
Cemeteries in Israel
Artemi Sergeyevich Panarin (born October 30, 1991) is a Russian professional ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL).

He has also played for Russia. He won a silver medal with them during the 2015 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships and won a gold medal with them during the 2011 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Panarin played parts of 9 seasons in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He played for HC Vityaz, Ak Bars Kazan, and SKA Saint Petersburg.

On January 31, 2013, HC Vityaz traded Panarin to SKA Saint Petersburg in exchange for a fifth-round draft pick in the 2013 KHL Junior Draft. On April 29, 2013, Panarin signed a two-year contract extension with SKA. During his last season with the team, Panarin recorded 20 points in 20 postseason games. He helped the team win their first-ever Gagarin Cup.

On April 29, 2015, Panarin signed a two-year entry level contract with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). On October 7, 2015, Panarin made his NHL debut in a 3–2 loss against the New York Rangers. In the game, he scored his first career NHL goal, on his first shot. He was given the third star of the game.

References

Other websites

1991 births
Calder Trophy winners
Chicago Blackhawks players
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Living people
Russian ice hockey players
Harry Junior "The Horse" Gallatin (April 26, 1927 – October 7, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and coach.  Gallatin played nine seasons for the New York Knicks in the NBA from 1948 to 1957, as well as one season with the Detroit Pistons in 1958. 

In 1954 Gallatin led the NBA in rebounding, and was named to the All-NBA First Team.  Gallatin was named to the All-NBA Second Team in 1955. Gallatin played in seven NBA All-Star Games.  A member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, he was also a member of the SIU Edwardsville Athletics Hall of Fame, the Truman State University Athletics Hall of Fame, the Missouri Basketball Hall of Fame, the Illinois Basketball Hall of Fame, the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA) Hall of Fame, the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) Hall of Fame, and the SIU Salukis Hall of Fame.

Gallatin died from surgical complications in Edwardsville, Illinois, aged 88.

References

Other websites
BasketballReference.com: Harry Gallatin (as coach)
BasketballReference.com: Harry Gallatin (as player)

1927 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
New York Knicks players
Detroit Pistons players
Sportspeople from Illinois
William Reginald "Bill" Mitchell (15 January 1928 – 7 October 2015) was a British writer. He was the editor of Dalesman magazine for twenty years. Over a sixty year period, Mitchell wrote over 200 books. He was born in Skipton, North Riding of Yorkshire.

Mitchell died from a short-illness in Skipton, North Yorkshire at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
W R Mitchell Archives
University of Bradford W R Mitchell Archive

1928 births
2015 deaths
People from North Yorkshire
Writers from Yorkshire
The Reptile Room is a book written by Lemony Snicket (real name Daniel Handler) in 1999. It is the second book in A Series of Unfortunate Events. It is about three children whose parents die. They are placed in the care of Uncle Montgomery, but following them is a villain called Count Olaf who wants to steal their money.

Plot
Mr. Poe takes Violet, Klaus and Sunny Baudelaire to live with Montgomery Montgomery ("Uncle Monty"). He is a nice person and he works with snakes. He gives the children a bedroom each, and shows them the "Reptile Room.” Made of glass, it is filled with snakes and reptiles. At the end of the room is a library. The children are very happy living with Uncle Monty.

The children are going to Peru in a few days with Uncle Monty. One day, he says his assistant will be coming to replace his former assistant. His assistant Stephano is really Count Olaf in disguise: he has covered his ankle tattoo and shaved off his eyebrow. Count Olaf kills Uncle Monty.

Olaf wants to take the children to Peru, where he can steal their money easily. When he is taking the children to a ferry in his car, it crashes into Mr. Poe's car. The Baudelaires try to tell Mr. Poe that Stephano is Olaf, but he does not believe them. They go back to Monty's house and look at his body; there are two bite marks in his face. A doctor called "Lucafont" comes and tells them Montgomery died of snakebite, but Violet unlocks Olaf's luggage and finds evidence that Olaf killed Monty; he used the very venomous Mambu du Mal poison. She tells Mr. Poe but Olaf runs away.

Reception 
Publishers Weekly said:  "Luckily for fans"..." readers eager for more misfortune can turn to The Reptile Room, for an even more suspenseful tale". It has elegant "drawings of Gothic gargoyles and mischievous eyes" to illustrate the story.

References 

A Series of Unfortunate Events
1999 books
Christine Arnothy (20 November 1930 – 6 October 2015) was a Hungarian-born French writer. She has written many books, including J'ai quinze ans et je ne veux pas mourir (1955) ('I am Fifteen and I Do Not Want to Die').  Arnothy eventually married Claude Bellanger (1909–1978). Arnothy was born in Budapest, Hungary.

References

Other websites
Citatum

1930 births
2015 deaths
French writers
Hungarian writers
People from Budapest
Home: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album by Barbadian singer Rihanna and various artists for Home. It was released on March 23, 2015, by Westbury Road and Roc Nation.

Track listing

Credits and personnel
Executive producer
Robyn Rihanna Fenty
Executive music producers
Robyn Rihanna Fenty
Tor Hermansen
Mikkel Eriksen
Executive in charge of music for DreamWorks Animation
Sunny Park

A&R
Jay Brown
Tyran "Ty Ty" Smith
Omar Grant
A&R coordination
Justin Adams
A&R administration
Karen Console
Creative direction
Ciarra Pardo (Fenty Corp.)
Marketing
Dara Michelle (Roc Nation)
Gabriela Schwartz (Def Jam)
Business and legal affairs
Edward Shapiro (Westbury Road Entertainment, LLC)
Christina Suarez (Roc Nation)

DreamWorks Animation music departmentMusic clearances
Julie Butchko
Director of music
Charlene Ann Huang
Music coordinators
Tori Fillat
Sebastian Christie
Music business affairs
Kevin Breen
Emily Morchower

All songs mastered by Chris Gehringer at Sterling Sound, NYC

Charts

Release history

References

2015 albums
Rihanna albums
Pop albums
House albums
R&B albums
Paul Prudhomme (July 13, 1940 – October 8, 2015), also known as Gene Autry Prudhomme, was an American celebrity chef. His specialty was Creole cuisine. 

He was the chef of K-Paul's Louisiana Kitchen in New Orleans. He had previously owned and run several other restaurants. He created several products, including hot sauce and seasoning mixes, and wrote a number of cookbooks.

Prudhomme was born in Opelousas, Louisiana. He died in New Orleans, Louisiana from a short-illness at the age of 75.

References

Other websites

Chef Paul Prudhomme's official website
K-Paul's Louisiana Kitchen
Always Cooking! 
Quotes by and about Prudhomme

1940 births
2015 deaths
Businesspeople from New Orleans, Louisiana
American chefs
Disease-related deaths in Louisiana
Writers from New Orleans, Louisiana
Daniel Alan Webster (born April 27, 1949) is an American politician. He has been a member of the United States House of Representatives since 2011.

On September 28, 2015, Webster announced that he was running for Speaker of the House to replace John Boehner. He lost the race to Wisconsin congressman Paul Ryan.

References

Other websites
 Congressman Daniel Webster official U.S. House site
 Daniel Webster for Congress
 
 
 

1949 births
Living people
People from Charleston, West Virginia
Politicians from West Virginia
United States representatives from Florida
US Republican Party politicians
Jason E Chaffetz (; born March 26, 1967) was the U.S. representative for . He was elected in 2008. He is a member of the Republican Party.

References

Other websites
 Congressman Jason Chaffetz  official U.S. House site
 Jason Chaffetz for Congress 
 
 
 
 Collected news and commentary  at The Salt Lake Tribune

1967 births
Living people
American Latter Day Saints
Politicians from California
United States representatives from Utah
US Republican Party politicians
"The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise" is a comedy routine. It was first shown during episode 22 of the first season of Saturday Night Live on May 29, 1976. The routine is twelve minutes long. It was written by Michael O'Donoghue consulting with actor John Belushi. They included a realistic model of the USS Enterprise bridge from the TV show Star Trek. Dress rehearsal was hard. The writer was not sure if Belushi would be able to do a good parody of William Shatner's performance as Captain Kirk. The routine was a success. O'Donoghue immediately congratulated Belushi after his performance.

The sketch became an instant classic hit among Star Trek fans and science fiction fans. The 1977 book Saturday Night Live included a copy of a note from Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry where he called the comedic bit "delicious". The routine was released on a 1985 Saturday Night Live videotape that combined The Best of John Belushi. It was released again with the same title in DVD format in 2011.

Reviews

In his book Metapop, author Michael Dunne called the comedic bit one of the most famous scenes from Saturday Night Live. The Chicago Sun-Times called it a really intelligent parody of Star Trek. Huffpost TV called it one of "the most famous parodies" of Star Trek. The A.V. Club said the sketch was really well-done comedy.

The New Yorker movie critic Anthony Lane wrote that Belushi did a perfect acting job. The Hollywood Reporter interviewed Tom Hanks and Elliott Gould in 2015. Gould called the sketch a favorite. Hanks said it was one of the top five best of all time. Rolling Stone ranked every Saturday Night Live cast member by talent in 2015, and John Belushi was placed at number one. Rolling Stone said the Captain Kirk parody was one of Belushi's best.

References

Other websites

"The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise"  at Hulu

Star Trek
Comedy