cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Direct democracy, which is also called pure democracy is a democracy in which the decisions are not taken by representatives. All decisions are voted on by the people.
When a budget or law needs to be passed, then the idea goes to the people. Large governments rarely make decisions this way.

Costs and benefits of direct democracy 
Interest groups would have to change the minds of all people, not just a few representatives. Taxes could not be raised without the permission of the people. The few would not rule the many and the government would not pay representatives salaries. In indirect, or representative democracy, citizens elect representatives to make laws on their behalf. This is what most modern countries have today. 
Direct democracy makes decisions by majority rule. Representative democracy was made with the idea that representatives would be responsible for the majority's interests while protecting minority rights. People like James Madison believed that direct democracy was bad for minority groups.

History 

Classical Athens was a direct democracy. All citizens voted on major decisions of government. Switzerland also has a long history of direct democracy. The Federal government of the United States does not use direct democracy but the individual states sometimes make laws by referendum. Some New England towns govern themselves by a town meeting.

Related pages
Democracy
Representative democracy

References

Anarchism
Democracy
A revolution is a very sharp change made to something. The word comes from Latin, and is related to the word revolutio (which means a turn around). 

Revolutions are usually political in their nature. Some people feel unhappy with their lives, some are not happy with whole systems. They might join together, share their ideas, and make something change. Often, revolutions include fighting, and civil unrest. But there are also revolutions that happen without fighting.

The Soviet Union was made by the Russian Revolution that killed millions, and later fell apart in a counterrevolution without much fighting. But in the French Revolution (1789), there was much bloodshed. The years right after this Revolution in France are often called the Reign of Terror.

Other events often called "revolutions" include:
 American Revolution  
 Shift from an agrarian society to an industrial one: The Industrial Revolution (1750).
 Shift from fossil fuel combustion to clean energy: The Green Industrial Revolution (Boris Johnson, June 2021, at G7 meeting).
 The shift from an Industrial Society to a Post-Industrial one:
 The Cybernetic Revolution (1960- Present).
 The shift from a Communist Society to a Capitalist one: Perestroika in the former U.S.S.R (1990-2000).
 Neolithic revolution

The opposing idea in politics is called 'gradualism'.

Politics
For 'speech', meaning a talk, see Public speaking

Speech is when spoken language is used to communicate. Only humans have language. Animals do not have speech, but some can communicate with each other by using sounds and gestures. 

Speech is made by sounds vibrating the vocal folds. Sounds through the voice box is shaped by the jaw, tongue, teeth, palate, lips, and nose.

To make speech a person has to be able to:
choose speech sounds
put them into a sequence 
produce sound in the voice box 
use the lips, tongue, teeth, nose and palate to shape the sounds

Difficulties can happen at any stage of this four-stage process. A speech and language therapist can help work out the stage of the sequence that has difficulties and give therapy.<ref>Bauman-Waengler J. 2000. Articulatory & phonological impairments: a clinical focus'. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.</ref>

Effective speech includes the following elements – fluency, flexibility, accuracy, and comprehensibility.

 Fluency is the ability to communicate an intended message, or affect the listener in the way that is intended by the speaker.  

Flexibility is the ability to adjust the message according to the responses of the listener. It also involves choosing words and expressions which will be understood by the listener(s). Compare with Cross-cultural communication.

 Accuracy is the use of proper grammar in spoken language.

 Comprehensibility is the ability to be understood by others. There are three components of sound which influence one’s comprehensibility: Pronunciation: saying the sounds of words correctly; Intonation: applying proper stress and rhythm while speaking; and Enunciation'': speaking clearly at an appropriate pace and volume.

References 

Language
A gesture is a form of nonverbal communication. Unlike verbal communication, which uses words, gestures use movements of the body. 

Gestures are deliberate acts with a purpose, not just any movements. They are handled in the human brain by the same centres which handle language. In the neocortex, Broca's and Wernicke's areas, are used by speech and sign language.

Other movements of the body have meaning, but are not gestures. They may be done by actors deliberately, but normally they are automatic, unconscious signals which express various feelings or states of mind. Many animals communicate extensively using such behaviours. The dog, a companion to humans for a long time, is good at reading both gestures and behaviours. Multi-touch computers have been made to read gestures. 

Gestures have a cultural significance (meaning). The same gesture can mean different things in different cultures and different parts of the world.

Examples 
 High five – a greeting or sign of happiness
 Facepalm – showing frustration
 Sign of the cross – religious gesture
 V sign – victory or peace sign

Anti-examples 
These are not gestures, because they are not voluntary, deliberate actions. They are inherited automatic reactions or reflexes.
Screaming out in great pain or terror.
Baring our teeth in anger
Cowering, turning the face away and running in terror.
Many behaviours of babies, such as suckling on nipples.
Humans can modify these reactions to some extent with training and practice, but they are fundamentally caused by hormones and brain centres which are very ancient.

Related pages 
Non-verbal communication
Unconscious mind
Acting
Paul Watzlawick

References 

Non-verbal communication
Darth Sidious (born as Sheev Palpatine and also known as the Emperor) is a fictional character from the Star Wars universe. He is the main villain of the Star Wars movies. His most famous power, seen only once, is force lightning seen in the last episode Return of the Jedi which is forked to spread the damage even further and is blueish purple. 

He is played by Ian McDiarmid. He is seen in Episode V for the first time. Darth Sidious is regarded as the true villain of the Star Wars films because he was the one who caused Anakin Skywalker to join the Dark Side of the Force.

In Episode I, The Phantom Menace, he is a Senator from the planet of Naboo. He is also secretly a Sith Lord, Darth Sidious. Sidious pulls the strings behind the scenes to cause unrest and dispute in the corrupt Galactic Senate, hence the films' title. His apprentice during this time is Darth Maul, who is slain in battle by Obi-Wan Kenobi. At the end of Episode I, he has risen to the office of Supreme Chancellor and begins his rise to power.

In Episode II, Attack of the Clones, Sidious secretly continues to bring the galaxy to civil war. He has a new apprentice, Count Dooku, who leads the Separatist Droid Army and goes by the name 'Darth Tyranus'. Dooku is slain by Anakin Skywalker on a rescue mission to free the Chancellor in Episode III, Revenge of the Sith.

Sidious rose to complete power in Episode III, when he sent Anakin to lead an attack on the Jedi Temple and ordered the Clone Troopers to execute Order 66, killing many Jedi in the process. Sidious battled Yoda in a duel which would decide the fate of the Galaxy. He narrowly defeated Yoda, and was able to form a new order upon the fallen Republic. He created the first Galactic Empire. In the time frame from his creation of the Empire and his death, Sidious was a cold, merciless Emperor. He ruled through fear. His evil was staggering as he dominated the galaxy with his ruthless enforcer, Darth Vader.  

Darth Sidious ruled the galaxy for 23 years, when in the end he was killed by his own apprentice, Darth Vader. He later cloned himself and had a granddaughter named Rey.

Since the initial theatrical run of Return of the Jedi, Sidious has become a widely recognized symbol of evil in popular culture, and since the prequel films, also one of sinister deception and the subversion of democracy.

Fictional characters introduced in 1980
Galactic emperors
Internet memes
Star Wars characters
A Heteronym is a word, or rather several words, with different meanings. However the words are spelt the same way. Usually they are pronounced differently.

Grammar
Events 
 After the death of Louis the Pious, his sons Charles the Bald, Louis the German and Lothair II of Lotharingia fight about the division of the empire until the treaty of Verdun (843).
 Viking raid of Western Francia (France) (845).
 Vikings conquer Frisia, the present Netherlands and the German North Sea coastline.
 Beginning of Arab domination on Taranto, which will last until 880.

Important people 
 Charles the Bald
 Louis the German
 Lothair I
 Kenneth I of Scotland
 Ragnar Lodbrok
Events 
 885: Vikings lay siege to Paris
 886: Alfred the Great of Wessex captures London

Important people 
 Charles the Fat
 Alfred the Great
 Basil I
Births 
 Han Myung-hoi (died 1487), Korean politician

Deaths
 Jan Hus (born c. 1369), Bohemian religious thinker and reformer
Events 
 Khan Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde, overruns Moscow as punishment for Grand Prince Dmitri Donskoi's resistance to Khan Mamai of the Blue Horde in the 1370s. Dmitri Donskoi pledges his loyalty to Tokhtamysh and is allowed to remain as ruler of Moscow & Vladimir.
 John Wyclif's teachings are condemned by the Synod of London.
 The Ottomans take Sofia from the Bulgarians.
 August: The iconic painting The Black Madonna of Czestochowa is brought from Jerusalem to the Jasna Góra monastery in Poland.
 September, 30: The inhabitants of Trieste (now in northern Italy) donate their city to Duke Leopold III of Austria
 After a five-year revolt, Berkuk deposes Hajji II as Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, marking the end of the Bahri dynasty and the start of the Burji dynasty.
 Death of Louis I of Hungary and Poland.
 Louis' daughter Mary becomes Queen of Hungary.
 The Poles, who did not wish to be ruled by Mary's fiancée, the future Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, choose Mary's younger sister, Jadwiga, to become ruler of Poland. After two years of negotiations, Jadwiga is eventually crowned "King" in 1384.
 Charles of Durazzo executes the imprisoned Joan I of Naples and succeeds her as Charles III of Naples.
 Ibrahim I is selected to succeed Husheng as Shah of Shirvan (now Azerbaijan).
 Kęstutis, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, is taken prisoner by former Grand Duke Jogaila whilst meeting him to hold negotiations. Kęstutis is subsequently murdered and Jogaila regains rule of Lithuania.
 Ahmad deposes his brother, Husain, as ruler of the Jalayirid dynasty in western Persia.
 James I succeeds his nephew, Peter II, as King of Cyprus.
 Rana Lakha succeeds Rana Kshetra Singh as ruler of Mewar (now part of western India).
 Konrad III Zöllner von Rotenstein succeeds Winrich von Kniprode as Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
 Balša II of Zeta (now Montenegro) conquers Albania.
 Dawit I succeeds his brother, Newaya Maryam, as Emperor of Ethiopia.
 Winchester College is founded in England.

Births 
 Duke Frederick IV of Austria (died 1439)
 Eric of Pomerania, King of Norway, Sweden and Denmark (died 1459)
 Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick (died 1439)
 Lope de Barrientos, a powerful bishop in Castile

Deaths 
 April 5 – Janusz Suchywilk, Polish nobleman
 May 12 – Queen Joan I of Naples (born 1327)
 August 3 – Kestutis, Grand Duke of Lithuania (born 1297)
 August 13 – Eleanor of Aragon, queen of John I of Castile (born 1358)
 October 13 – King Peter II of Cyprus
 Philip van Artevelde, Flemish patriot (born 1340)
 King Louis I of Hungary (born 1326)
 Nicole Oresme, French philosopher (born 1325)
Mulberry (Morus) is a genus of 10–16 species of trees. They are native to warm regions of Asia, Africa and the Americas, with most of the species native to Asia.

Mulberries are fast-growing when young, but soon become slow-growing and rarely grow over 10-15 meters tall. The leaves are simple, often lobed, and ridged. The fruit grows in bunches, 2-3 centimeters long, is red to dark purple in color, edible, and sweet with a good flavor in several species.

The fruit is used in pies, tarts, and wines. The fruit of the black mulberry, native to southwest Asia, and the red mulberry, native to eastern North America, have the strongest flavor. The fruit of the white mulberry, an east Asian species, has a very weak flavor.

Mulberries can be grown from seeds, and this is the best idea as seedling-grown trees are generally healthier. However, they are most often planted from large pieces cut from other mulberry trees, which easily take root.

White mulberry 
Mulberry leaves, particularly those of the white mulberry, Morus alba, are important as food of the silkworm, the cocoon of which is used to make silk. Morus alba is also notable for the rapid release of its pollen, which is launched at over half the speed of sound. "This is the fastest motion yet observed in biology, and approaches the theoretical physical limits for movements in plants".

References 

Trees
Berries
Moraceae
Rapid plant movement
Procaine is a analgesic drug. It is used primarily to reduce the pain of getting certain shots, and is also used by dentists. The drug is usually sold under the name Novocaine, or Novacaine.

Procaine was first made in 1905, and was the first man-made pain-killer that could be taken as a shot. It was created by the German scientist Alfred Einhorn (1857-1917) who gave the chemical the name Novacaine, from the Latin word novus (which means new) and caine, as in "cocaine."

Procaine is not often used today because other safer and better working pain-killing drugs now exist. Prior to the discovery of procaine, cocaine was the most commonly used pain-killer. Procaine (like cocaine) has the advantage of reducing bleeding, unlike other pain-killers and without the dangerous qualities of cocaine.

Analgesics
Leizu was a legendary Chinese queen. According to tradition, she discovered silk and invented the silk loom in the 28th century BC.

Leizu discovered silkworms while on a walk near the king's mulberry trees. However, there are different stories of exactly how she discovered that silkworms make silk.

One story says that she used her finger to touch a worm, causing a strand of silk to come out. As the silk continued to come out, she wrapped it around her finger. When the silk ran out, she saw a small cocoon, and realized that this cocoon was the source of the silk. 

Another story says that she found silkworms eating the mulberry leaves and spinning cocoons. She collected some cocoons, and then sat down to have some tea. While she was sipping a cup of tea, she dropped a cocoon into the steaming water. A fine thread started to separate itself from the cocoon. Leizu found that she could unwind this soft and lovely thread around her finger.

She asked her husband to give her a grove of mulberry trees, where she could keep the worms that made these cocoons. She is credited with inventing the silk reel, which joins thin silk threads into a thicker thread strong enough for weaving. She is also credited with inventing the first silk loom. It is not known how much, if any, of this story is true, but historians do know that silk was first made in China. Leizu shared what she found out with others and the knowledge became common.

China
Chinese royalty
Reforesting is the process of replacing plants in an area where they have been cut down or destroyed. It usually refers to trees, but could include other types of plant life. 

Reforestation is often needed after deforestation, when trees are cut down to make lumber. 

Reforestation also regains back the homes of animals. 

Forests
Proctor Silex Co. was created in 1960 with the merger of Proctor Electric and Silex Corporation.  The company made household appliances such as toasters, irons, and coffee makers. In 1990 Proctor Silex merged with Hamilton Beach.

Other websites 
 History of Proctor-Silex, 1788 to 1972 

Companies based in Virginia
1960 establishments in the United States
Home appliance companies
The Columbine High School massacre was a school shooting and attempted bombing at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, near Denver, that happened on April 20, 1999. Eighteen-year-old Eric Harris and 17-year-old Dylan Klebold carried out the massacre and were both students at the school. They murdered 12 students and one teacher using guns. Ten of the murders happened in the school's library, where they then killed themselves with their guns. Before the shootings, they had planted two large propane bombs in the school's cafeteria. They could have killed many people in there, but they did not explode. They also planted two car bombs in the school's parking lot, which were supposed to kill first responders and news reporters. They also did not explode. They also carried pipe bombs and molotov cocktails, which they lit and threw. Most of them exploded but nobody was injured or killed by any of the bombs used during the massacre.

It was one of the first well-known massacres at a school in the United States, and the one with the most deaths until the Virginia Tech massacre in 2007.

After the shooting
After the shooting, many people wanted to know why it had happened. Many people thought that Klebold and Harris had done it because they were bullied, and schools in the United States began talking about how to stop bullying. However, it is now thought that Klebold and Harris were bullies themselves. Other people blamed parts of the media, saying that the lyrics of bands and singers like Marilyn Manson and violent video games that the shooters played might have caused it.

In 2002, filmmaker Michael Moore released a documentary movie called Bowling for Columbine that was about why the shooting happened and about the role guns have in American culture. In the movie, Moore interviewed Marilyn Manson.

Memorials

Many impromptu memorials were created after the shooting. Memorials included victims Rachel Scott's car and John Tomlin's truck.

In 2000, youth advocate Melissa Helmbrecht organized a remembrance event in Denver. It featured two surviving students. It was called "A Call to Hope." The library (where most of the shooting happened) was removed and replaced with an atrium. In 2001, a new library, the HOPE memorial library, was built next to the west entrance.

On February 26, 2004, thousands of pieces of evidence from the shooting were shown at the Jeffco fairgrounds in Golden.

References

1999 in the United States
1990s murders in the United States
20th century in Colorado
April events
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1990s
Columbine High School massacre
Denver, Colorado
Mass murder in the 1990s
Mass shootings in the 1990s
Mass shootings in the United States 
Massacres in the United States
Murder in Colorado
Murder-suicides in the United States
Murders by firearm in the United States
School shootings in the United States
Suicides by firearm in the United States
Idiot is a word used to describe someone who is not very smart.

Modern usage 
Today "idiot" is often used to show that someone has done something which was not very clever:
 "You idiot, look at what you just did!" (using the word as a noun)
 "I think that idea is perfectly idiotic." (using the word as an adjective)
 Eg: the man who created the search system to give me the opposite of everything i search, want a picture of a apple here is a picture or two man digging a hole with someone far off in the background eating a old apple

In literature and folklore 

The word "fool" is similar to "idiot", but it is not as strong. In the history of drama a "fool" was a jester: someone who made people laugh. Kings often had jesters in real life. A court jester had the job of making the king feel happy when he was sad. Jesters often pretended to be stupid, but were actually very clever. There are jesters and fools in a lot of Shakespeare’s plays.

The word simple can also be similar to "idiot". Someone who is simple is a person who is not very clever or "streetwise". They are naïve and can easily be made to believe things because they are kind and expect everyone else to be kind as well. Such people are often called simpletons. 

Idiots or simpletons are commonly used in literature. In German literature (and in Wagner’s opera), Parsifal is described as "perfect fool" because he does not understand the evil ways of the world and is therefore completely good. That is why he can break the magic spell cast by Klingsor. The idiot often appears in Russian literature. Because the idiot is so simple he (it is always a male) is often able to express the truth which other people cannot see. Dostoevsky wrote a novel called The Idiot. It is about a man who is simple and trusting. At the end of the opera Boris Godunov by Mussorgsky the crowd of poor people gather round the simpleton who is the last person to sing in the whole opera. His moans express the fact that Russia will continue to be ruled by cruel dictators and the people will remain poor.

In humorous parlance 
The word "idiot" refers to a genetically incompetent human who is mentally inert on exposure to others - may have dampened senses and mental acuity when applied to any relatively simple task from long periods spent in a dark cave: the idiot's "natural habitat". Idiots tend to be ignorant of any metal and physical deficiency within themselves, simply because they do not want to believe it exists (even though it does, and they are aware of it). Mental deficiencies of others however, are overtly proclaimed by the idiots in order for them to separate themselves from habitual human tendencies, though they succumb to them more than they intend. They make no effort to rectify these though, as they view themselves in the best possible light. 

Pejoratives
Psychology
Intelligence
Kosovo (/ˈkɒsəvoʊ, ˈkoʊ-/; Albanian: Kosova or Kosovë, pronounced [kɔˈsɔva] or [kɔˈsɔvə]; Serbian Cyrillic: Косово, pronounced [kôsoʋo]), officially the Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Republika e Kosovës;  / Republika Kosovo), is a partially-recognised state and disputed territory in Southeastern Europe. On 17 February 2008, Kosovo unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia. It has since gained diplomatic recognition as a sovereign state by 95 UN member states.

Geography 
Geographically defined in an area of 10,887 km2 (4,203 sq mi), Kosovo is landlocked in the center of the Balkans and bordered by the uncontested territory of Serbia to the north and east, North Macedonia to the southeast, Albania to the southwest and Montenegro to the west. It possesses remarkable varied and diverse landscapes for its size by climate along with geology and hydrology. Most of central Kosovo is dominated by the vast plains and fields of Metohija and Kosovo. The rugged Prokletije and Šar Mountains rise in the southwest and southeast, respectively.

Demographics 

The official results of the censuses in Kosovo about ethnic groups and nationality from after World War II to 1991 are below. The numbers of Albanians in the 1991 census were only guesses based on censuses in the past. Most Albanians did not do the 1991 census. Today, Kosovo is mainly Albanian.

Divisions 
Kosovo is divided into 7 districts. These districts include 38 municipalities:

Related pages 
 Prishtina
 European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo
 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence

References 

 History of Kosovo and Metohija
 The Rastko Project 
 Coordination Center of SCG and the Republic of Serbia for Kosovo 
 Eastern Orthodox Resource Centre
 Hugo Roth, Kosovo Origins: an historian's comprehensive overview

Bibliography 
 Dušan T. Bataković, The Kosovo Chronicles, Plato Books, Belgrade 1992.
 R. Petrović, M. Blagojević, The Migration of the Serbs and Montenegrins from Kosovo and Metohija, SASA, Belgrade 1992,
 Dušan T. Bataković, Kosovo. La spirale de la haine, L'Age d'Homme,  Lausanne 1998.
 Kosovo-Kosova. Confrontation or Coexistence, Nijmegen: University of Nijmegen & Political Cultural Centre 042 1996.
 Kosovo. Avoiding Another Balkan War,Thanos Veremis & Evangelos Kofos, (eds.), Athens:Eliamep & University of Athens, 1998.
 Kosovo. Contending Voices on Balkan Interventions, William Joseph Buckley, ed.,William B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Michigan &  Cambridge U. K 2000
 
 Jean-Arnault Dérens,  Kosovo. Année zéro, préface de Marek Antoni Nowick,i Paris: Paris-Méditerranée, 2004.

Other websites
 

 
Autonomous areas
The lips are a body part around the mouth. There is a (usually larger) lower lip, and a smaller upper lip. They help us to eat, touch and speak.

Lips also show emotions.

There are diseases that can affect the lips, for example herpes simplex. Someone can get this disease by kissing or having oral sex.

Basic English 850 words
An allergy  is something which triggers an allergic reaction. This is the immune system defending the body against attack by bacteria and viruses. 

Sometimes the system goes wrong, and is triggered by some quite normal food, or flares up when the family pet comes into the room. This is what the ordinary person calls an 'allergy'.

Allergic reactions 
When people come in contact with something they are allergic to, there can be many different reactions. These reactions include itchy eyes,  drippy or stuffy noses, swollen faces, hives, sneezing, and coughing. If it is a food allergy, the person may get an upset stomach. 

Sometimes a person's oesophagus, or throat, may swell up so much that the person can no longer breathe. This is called anaphylaxis. When this happens, a doctor must give the person a medicine called epinephrine to make the swelling go down. Some people with allergies to very common things, like bee stings or fish, carry this medicine with them so it can be used quickly in an emergency. The device they use to inject the medicine is called an epinephrine autoinjector.

Common allergies 
Some common food allergies are:
 Nuts, especially peanuts
 Fish or shellfish
 Dairy products
 Eggs
 Soy products
 Wheat
 Fruits (kiwis and bananas)

Some common environmental allergies are:
 Latex
 Pollen
 Ragweed
 Mold
 Furry pets
 Bee or wasp stings
 Dust mites
 Tobacco smoke
 Pollution

References 

 

Physiology
Alfred Dreyfus (1859 - 1935) was a French officer of Jewish descent.

He was wrongly accused of treason against the French military. This scandal was known as the Dreyfus affair.

He was imprisoned on Devil's Island in French Guiana.

His highest rank was lieutenant colonel.

Dreyfus was born in Mulhouse and died in Paris.

References 

1859 births
1935 deaths
Colonels
French Jews
French military people
French military personnel of World War I
French prisoners
Jewish military people
People from Grand Est
Adam Elliot (born January 2, 1972) is an Australian animator. He is from Melbourne, Australia. His short movie called Harvey Krumpet won the 2003 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. He uses claymation and has won five Australian Film Institute Awards because of his work.

Early life
Elliot was brought up on a prawn farm run by his father who had once been a circus clown, and his mother who had been a hairdresser. The family later moved to Melbourne, where Elliot made money selling hand painted T-shirts at local markets. After finishing school he went to the Victorian College of the Arts to study animation.

Other websites
 Adam Elliot's website

References

1972 births
Living people
Animators
Australian filmmakers
Academy Award winners
People from Melbourne
A group home is a private house that serves as a home for people who are not in the same family but have a common characteristic. In the United States, this would mean a home for people who need social assistance or who are not able to live alone or without proper care for safety reasons.  Before the 1970s, these people lived in psychiatric hospitals, homes for the poor and orphanages.

People who live in a group home may be recovering drug addicts, developmentally disabled, abused or neglected youths, and/or young people with a criminal record. A group home is different from a halfway house because it is not restricted to recovering addicts or convicted criminals, and also because the people who live there usually have to help maintain the household by doing chores or helping to manage a budget. In most countries, people can still vote and attend university while in a group home.

There are typically from 3 to 16 residents, as well as a resident manager or service staff. Residents may have their own room or share rooms, and share facilities such as laundry, bathroom, kitchen and common living areas.  The opening of group homes is occasionally fought against by neighbours who fear that it will lead to a rise in crime and/or a drop in property values.

A group home can also refer to family homes in which children and youth of the foster care system are placed until foster families are found for them.

References

Disability
Anfield is a football stadium in Liverpool, England. The Football team Liverpool FC plays there. The stadium has just seen an expansion of the Main Stand increasing the capacity to 54,167.

Anfield is famous for the sign that is in the players' tunnel, which reads: "This is Anfield". One of their most famous rivals are Manchester United as well as  Everton FC. Liverpool v Everton is known as the Merseyside Derby. Anfield used to be owned by Everton F.C and Everton created Liverpool to use the stadium. They have won  6 European cups.

Related pages
 Liverpool F.C.

References

Other websites 

Football stadiums in England
Liverpool, Merseyside
Metalocalypse is an animated comedy television series directed by Jon Schnepp. It is a part of Cartoon Network's Adult Swim. It is about a heavy metal group called Dethklok, who are the most famous and richest band in the world. The band is a very dangerous force to the people who like it and to world governments. Even though their fans often die or are hurt in the series, they still remain very popular. There is also a secret group of people who work for the U.S. Government who secretly spy on the band and plan to kill them.

People in Dethklok
 Nathan Explosion: The group's singer and leader, he is based on Glenn Danzig from The Misfits and Cannibal Corpse's George Fisher. He has long black hair, and is very large.
 Skwisgaar Skwigelf: Lead guitarist, who is from Sweden. He has long blonde hair, has blue eyes, and is skinny.
 Toki Wartooth: Plays rhythm guitar and is from Norway. He is very gullible and childlike. He has long brown hair and a "fu manchu" moustache.
 William Murderface: The bass guitar player, who is slightly overweight, very angry, and likes gross things including a new found love of "free-balling". He is partly based on Geezer Butler from Black Sabbath. He has triangular brown hair, and a mustache.
 Pickles-plays the drums, used to be leader of a band called "Snakes n' Barrels", a parody of Guns N' Roses. He is originally from Wisconsin. He has red cornrows.

CD & DVD Release
Cartoon Network released a DVD of the first season of Metalocalypse and an album of Dethklok's songs in the summer of 2007. The album has songs that are played during the series.

Comedy television series
Animated television series
2006 television series debuts
Adult Swim
English-language television programs
Pride means having a feeling of being good and worthy. The adjective is proud.

The word pride can be used in a good sense as well as in a bad sense.

In a good sense it means having a feeling of self-respect. People can be satisfied with their achievements. They can be proud of something good that they have done. They can be proud of (or take pride in) their work. They might be proud of their son or daughter or husband or wife or anyone else who is close to them and who has done something good. People can be proud of their country (patriotism). The opposite would be to be ashamed of someone or something. 

In a bad sense, pride can mean that someone has an exaggerated sense of feeling good. This might mean that someone has no respect for what other people do, only respect for what he or she does. Someone who is described as proud may be arrogant. The word is used in this sense in the saying: “Pride comes before a fall” or “Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall.” Prov.16:18 (meaning that someone is so overconfident that he or she might soon have a disaster).

Emotions
Seven deadly sins
Reflectional Symmetry is a property of certain geometrical objects that appears the same when mirrored or reflected along an axis. This axis has to cross the shape through the middle of that object dividing into equal halves. 

In rotational symmetry, the object is identical when it is rotated by a certain amount. 

The precise notions of symmetry have various measures and operational definitions. For example, symmetry may be observed
with respect to the passage of time;
as a spatial relationship;
through transformations such as rotation;
through other kinds of transformations; 
as an aspect of scientific models, language, music and even knowledge itself.

Asymmetry 
Asymmetry is the absence of symmetry. It is best defined like that because symmetry is relatively rare, and all other objects are asymmetric.

References

Further reading 

Geometry
Mount Ruapehu is an active volcano on North Island, New Zealand. It is located in Taupo, New Zealand. It last erupted in September 2007.

History
In 1948, an airplane crashed into the volcano. All the people in the airplane died.

References

Volcanoes of Oceania
Mountains of New Zealand
Klang (also known as Kelang) is the royal capital of Selangor, Malaysia. A popular harbour called Port Klang is located there. It is one of the busiest ports in the world.

History
 1867 - 1874 Klang War
 1880 - 1889 Klang became the capital of Selangor.
 1945 - Klang Town Authority formed.
 1954 - Klang Town Council formed (27.5 km²)
 1971 - Klang District Council formed, including areas surrounding Kapar and Meru towns.
 1974 - 1977 - Capital of Selangor when Kuala Lumpur became a Federal Territory and before Shah Alam was made the capital of Selangor.
 1977 - Klang Municipal Council formed (60.9 km²)

Weather
In Klang, it rains all year round. The monthly rainfall is slightly higher here in April and November. It might be because of the monsoon season.

The average temperature in Klang is around 25°C to 36°C (77°F to 96.8°F). There is no distinct seasonal difference in temperature in the town. Klang is hot and humid throughout the year.

Districts
There are two districts in Klang, Klang North and Klang South. Both are divided by a river called the Klang River.

Famous Local Food
Klang is famous for its Bak Kut Teh, a herbal soup which contains pork. Klang is also famous for its Rojak Klang. 

Another popular delicacy here is the "Cendol Klang". The stall was opened in 1972.

Other websites 
 Klang Municipal Council website
 ODP's Klang category 
 Klang travel guide at Wikivoyage
 Klang Community eSpace Forum
   Port Klang Free Trade Zone
  Klang North Port

Cities in Malaysia
Anchorage is where a ship lies at anchor.

It can also mean:
 Anchorage, Alaska
 Anchorage, Kentucky
Jessica Simpson (born July 10, 1980) is an American singer and actress. She is known for her reality television show, Nick and Jessica: Newlyweds. In the late 2000s, she was married to Nick Lachey. In 2008, she filed for divorce and she married Eric Johnson. She is the daughter of Tina and Joe Simpson and older sister of singer and actress Ashlee Simpson.

She has starred in the movies The Dukes of Hazzard (2005) and Employee of the Month (2006)

Early life
Jessica Simpson was born in Abilene, Texas. She is the daughter of Tina Ann and Joseph Truett. She has a sister whose name is Ashlee Simpson who is also a singer.
At first, Simpson sang at a local church. At age twelve, she auditioned for The Mickey Mouse Club, but was not selected.

Personal life 
Simpson was married to musician Nick Lachey from 2002 until they divorced in 2006.

Simpson began dating NFL tight end Eric Johnson in 2010. The couple has 2 children together—daughter Maxwell Drew Johnson (born May 1, 2012) and son Ace Simpson Johnson (born February 22, 2013).

Albums
 Sweet Kisses - November 9, 1999
 Irresistible - May 29, 2001
 This Is the Remix - July 2, 2002
 In This Skin - August 19, 2003
 Rejoyce: The Christmas Album - November 23, 2004
 A Public Affair - August 29, 2006
 Do You Know - 2008
 Happy Christmas - 2010

References

Other websites
 Jessica Simpson—official website
 

1980 births
Living people
Actors from Texas
American Baptists
American movie actors
American pop musicians
American television actors
Singers from Texas
People from Abilene, Texas
Monty Python and the Holy Grail is the second movie made by Monty Python. It was made in 1974 and was very successful. It is still very popular. It was also made into a musical called Spamalot.

Story
This is a comedy about King Arthur's search for the Holy Grail. He gathers a group of knights around him. They do not ride horses - instead, they clap coconut halves together, to make the sound of a horse galloping. They search for the grail, but keep on getting distracted by peasants (poor farmers) who want to talk about politics, or French knights insulting them.

The movie was made in Scotland.

1970s adventure movies
1974 comedy movies
Arthurian movies
British adventure movies
British comedy movies
Columbia Pictures movies
Cult movies
English-language movies
Monty Python
Fantasy comedy movies
The Japanese yen or en is the currency used in Japan. It is usually written with the romanised symbol ¥, but in Japanese it is written with the kanji 円. The coins are very light and range from ¥1 up to ¥500. The highest paper note value is ¥10000. The Japanese currency is the third most traded currency in the world.

Currency of Asia
Japan
West Forsyth High School is a high school in North Carolina. It has 1611 students. It is the third largest school in Forsyth County and the 53rd largest school in North Carolina. Its principal is Kurt Telford. It is under the Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools' district.

Buildings and structures in North Carolina
Schools in the United States
In logic and mathematics, if and only if (sometimes abbreviated as iff) is a logical operator denoting a logical biconditional (often symbolized by  or). It is often used to conjoin two statements which are logically equivalent. 

In general, given two statement A and B, the statement "A if and only if B" is true precisely when both A and B are true or both A and B are false. In which case, A can be thought of as the logical substitute of B (and vice versa).

An "if and only if" statement is also called a necessary and sufficient condition. For example:

"Madison will eat the fruit if and only if it is an apple" is equivalent to saying that "Madison will eat the fruit if the fruit is an apple, and will eat no other fruit".

This makes it clear that Madison will eat all and only those fruits that are apples. She will not leave any apple uneaten, and she will not eat any other type of fruit. That a given fruit is an apple is both a necessary and a sufficient condition for Madison to eat the fruit.

Note that the truth table shown is also equivalent to the XNOR gate.

Related pages 

 Equality (mathematics)
 Implication (logic)
 Propositional logic

References 

Logic
Logical connectives
The Western States 100 is a 100 mile race that is held each July in California's Sierra Nevada Mountains.  It is the oldest regularly run ultramarathons. It is considered by some to be the most difficult.  Some of the best runners ever to compete in the Western States 100 race are Scott Jurek and Tim Twietmeyer.

Running
Sports in California
July events
Scott Jurek (b. October 26, 1973) is an famous runner who lives in Seattle, California.  He is perhaps best known for running the difficult Western States 100 Mile Race seven years in a row.  He has also won the Badwater Ultramarathon the past two years.

1973 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Minnesota
American track and field athletes
The Badwater Ultramarathon is a race run from the lowest point in North America to the trail head of Mt. Whitney.  It is 135 miles in very high heat.

Running
Wisdom is knowing things that help a person to live sensibly and make good decisions. Wisdom is defined differently by many cultures. Some say that wisdom is something a person learns as they grow older. Other cultures expect people to complete certain rituals in order to get wisdom.

If someone has wisdom, they are called wise. Most cultures from the past have had special people who were supposed to be wise. People asked them for advice when they had problems because they knew things that ordinary people did not know or could not know. They were often called "sages".

There are many stories in Western culture in which the owl is supposed to be a wise bird.

Knowledge
Sir Roger George Moore  (14 October 1927 – 23 May 2017) was an English actor and a UNICEF ambassador. He is probably the most well known for playing fictional spy James Bond in seven movies from 1973 to 1985. He played James Bond more times than any other actor. He was also well known for playing Simon Templar in the television show The Saint. He began his career by becoming a male model.

Early life
Moore was the only child of policeman, George Moore, and housewife, Lilian "Lily".  He attended Battersea Grammar School, but was evacuated to Holsworthy, Devon, during the Second World War. He was then educated at Dr Challoner's Grammar School in Amersham, Buckinghamshire. He then attended the College of the Venerable Bede at the University of Durham, but never graduated.  Moore served in the Royal Army Service Corps, commanding a small depot in West Germany.

Personal life
Moore left his first wife, skater Doorn Van Steyn, for singer Dorothy Squires.  Squires was 12 years older than him.  She was also, at that time, much more famous than he was. They lived together for a short time in Dafen, Llanelli, South Wales. While making a movie in Italy in 1961, Moore left Squires for Italian actress Luisa Mattioli. Moore has a daughter and two sons with Mattioli. Moore ended this marriage in 1993. His current marriage is to the Danish-Swedish multi-millionaire Kristina 'Kiki' Tholstrup.

When Moore married Kiki Tholstrup, he began spending winters in Crans-Montana, Valais (Switzerland) and summers at his apartment in Monaco.

In 1999, Moore was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE), and advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) on 14 June 2003.  He was proud the honor was for his charity work rather than his acting.

On 11 October 2007, three days before he turned 80, Moore was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.  Moore's Star was the 2,350th star.  It is appropriately located at 7007 Hollywood Boulevard.

In 2008, the French Government appointed Moore a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

His autobiography My Word is My Bond was published the same year.

Filmography

References

1927 births
2017 deaths
Actors from London
Actors who played James Bond
Cancer deaths in Switzerland
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Deaths from liver cancer
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from prostate cancer
English autobiographers
English movie actors
English movie producers
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Extras
Humanitarians
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
United Nations officials
The Melbourne Cup is Australia's major horse race. It happens once a year.  People say it is The race that stops a nation, it is for horses three-years-old and over, and it is 3200 metres long. The event has been held on the first Tuesday in November since 1861 (except on one year during the Second World War) by the Victoria Racing Club, on the Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne. Many people say it is the most important "two-mile" horse race in the world.

The race was first held over two miles, about 3,218 metres, but after Australia changed to the metric system in 1972 it was changed to 3,200 metres. This made it 61 ft 6in shorter, and Rain Lover's 1968 race record of 3min.19.1sec was changed to 3min.17.9sec. Now, the record holder is the 1990 winner Kingston Rule with a time of 3min 16.3sec.

The race starts at 3.00pm Melbourne (AEST) time.

Attendance
The event is one of the most popular events to watch in Australia. Over 110,000 people attend the race. Some people dress in traditional formal raceday clothing. Other people dress in different kinds of strange and amusing costumes,
In 2005 a total of 383,784 race fans went to the Melbourne Cup Carnival annual event

History 

Seventeen horses raced in the first Melbourne Cup in 1861. The prize was a gold watch and 170 pounds cash. Some people say Archer (the winner) walked 800 km to the course from Nowra, New South Wales.  However, it is possible he travelled by ship. Four thousand people watched the race.

Archer won again the next year.  However, because the owner's application form arrived late the next year, Archer was unable to try for a third cup. Many owners boycotted (did not race in protest) the race, so it started with only seven horses.  That is the smallest number in the history of the cup.

The winner of the Melbourne Cup last year was Rekindling, from Great Britain.

Off the track 
'Fashions On The Field' is a major focus of the day.  Raceday fashion sometimes draws almost as much attention as the race itself.  The miniskirt received worldwide attention when model Jean Shrimpton wore one on Derby Day during Melbourne Cup week in 1965.

In Melbourne, the race day is a public holiday.  In the rest of Australia most people watch the race on television and gamble. Some people bet at the TAB (the Australian betting office).  Other people bet in workplace cup "sweeps".  (In "sweeps" each person pays a small amount [e.g. $3] and draws a random horse.  First, second, and third place then share the money.)  In 2000 it was estimated that 80 percent of the adult Australian population placed a bet on the race that year.

Betting on the Melbourne Cup has become more and more popular over the years, with one time a year punters having a crack at picking the winning horse.

References 

Sport in Melbourne
Horse racing
1861 establishments in Australia
November events
King Philip's War (Metacom's War) was a war between Native Americans and English colonists. King Philip's War was fought between 1675 and 1676 in the area of the United States that is now New England.

When the Pilgrims left England, they came to live in Massachusetts near the Indians. As more Puritans arrived, they needed more land and they took it.  Metacom, or "King Philip" as he was called in English was the leader of one of the Wampanoag Pokanoket tribes.  His father had made a treaty with the English.

The English began to fear the power of the natives.  The two sides accused each other of violating the treaty and preparing for war.  John Wussausmon was Christian convert and a trader.  He told the English that Philip was preparing an alliance to attack them.  When he was found dead, the English executed three Indians for his murder, and people on both sides became more angry.  Philip brought together a large force of Indians and attacked the Puritan settlements.  The resulting war was large.  The Indians lost and thousands of them died but not before the whole countryside suffered much loss.  Many towns burned and every inhabitant was enveloped some way in the conflict. When King Philip was killed by a native, his head was cut off by Benjamin Church to be brought back to Plymouth.  500 Indians were also taken prisoner and made slaves.

17th century in the Thirteen Colonies
History of Native Americans
Wars
1675
1676