cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Captain Vasily Grigoryevich Zaytsev  (23 March 1915 – 15 December 1991) was a Soviet sniper during World War II.

He is particularly notable for his activities between 10 November and 17 December 1942, during the Battle of Stalingrad. He killed 225 soldiers and officers of the Wehrmacht and other Axis armies, including 11 enemy snipers. Before the 10th  November, he had already killed 32 Axis soldiers with the standard Mosin-Nagant rifle. Between October 1942 and January 1943, Zaytsev had made 242 verified kills, but the real number may be much higher; some argue it might have been as many as 400. His military rank at the time was Junior Lieutenant.

A film called Enemy At The Gates is based on his achievements during WWII.

References

Books 
 Zaytsev,Vasily (1956-1971) "Notes of a Sniper:For us There is no Land Beyond the Volga" Vladivostok:Moscow/2826 Press Inc.
 Beevor, Antony (1998). Stalingrad. Penguin Books Ltd.: London. .
 Robbins, David L. (2000). War of the Rats. Bantam Books. .
 (1989). The Reader's Digest Illustrated History of World War II. Reader's Digest Association Limited.: London.

Other websites 
  Vasily Zaytsev war hero biography – On the website dedicated to the Heroes of the Soviet Union/Russia
  Василий Зайцев "За Волгой земли для нас не было.Записки снайпера" — Vasily Zaytsev's book (Zip archive)
 WWII snipers

1915 births
1991 deaths
Autobiographers
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Russian writers
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Soviet writers
Michael David Adamle (born October 4, 1949; pronounced ) is a sports personality and former National Football League player.

In college he became a Big Ten Most Valuable Player. He is still thought of as one of the great players for Northwestern University.

After a successful career with the National Football League, Adamle began working for NBC Sports. He then worked for a variety of programs. He was host of American Gladiators and worked for World Wrestling Entertainment.

He has worked for WMAQ-TV in Chicago since 2004.

In February 2017, Adamle was diagnosed with dementia.

References

1949 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Ohio
National Football League broadcasters
College football broadcasters
Professional Wrestling broadcasters
Arena Football League broadcasters
Paul Burchill (born Paul Kenneth Birchall on 8 October 1979) is an English professional wrestler best known for his time spent wrestling for the WWE.

References 

1979 births
Living people
Former WWE wrestlers
English professional wrestlers
People from Surrey
In computing, a serial port is a serial communication physical interface through which information  transfers, either in or out, one bit at a time (in contrast with parallel port). 

During most of the personal computers history, serial ports connected computers to devices such as terminals and various peripherals.

While such interfaces as  Ethernet, FireWire, and USB all send data as a serial stream, the term "serial port" usually identifies hardware meeting the requirements of the RS-232 standard, for the purpose of interfacing with a modem or with a similar communication device. 

For many computer peripheral devices the USB interface has replaced the serial port. While nearly every server has a serial port, many modern low-end workstations and laptops often don't have one. The serial port is not present for cost savings, and is considered to be a legacy port on personal computers.
 
However, serial ports can be found in industrial systems, scientific analysis and laboratory equipments, point of sales and some industrial and consumer products. Network equipments (such as routers and switches) often have serial ports for configuration. Serial ports are still used in these areas as they are simple, cheap and allow communications between devices.

Computer hardware
Computer networking
Electrical connectors
Computer buses
The flag of the Netherlands is a tricolour of red, white, and blue. It was introduced in 1572. Since 1937, the flag has officially been the national flag of the Netherlands and of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Description 
The national flag of the Netherlands is a tricolour flag. The colors are red (bright vermilion), white (silver), and blue (cobalt blue). The first Stadtholder, or ruler, of the Dutch Republic was William of Orange, who joined with Dutch nationalists and led the struggle for independence from Spain. Partly out of respect for him, the first flag adopted by the Dutch was originally orange, white, and blue. The orange dye was particularly unstable and tended to turn red after a while, so in the mid-17th century, red was made the official color. The flag has flown since then. As the first revolutionary flag, it has had an influence throughout the world. Until about 1800, in the case of both the orange- and the red-striped versions, the number of stripes and their order frequently varied.

References 

Netherlands
Dutch culture
The Greater Coat of Arms of the Realm, (or "Grote Rijkswapen"), is the Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The components of the coats of arms were regulated by Queen Wilhelmina in a Royal decree of July 10th 1907.

Description 

The shield is crowned with the Dutch royal crown and supported by two lions. They stand on a scroll Azure with the text "Je Maintiendrai" (medieval French for "I will endure".)

The monarch places this coat of arms on a mantle lined with Ermine. Above the mantle is a pavilion Gules again topped with the royal crown.

In the Royal decree it is stated that the male successors can replace the crown on the shield by a helm.

History 
This version of the coat of arms is in use since 1907.

Netherlands
Dutch culture
The flag of the United States Virgin Islands was adopted in 1921. The eagle holds a branch in one talon, and three arrows in the other, meaning the three major islands: Saint Thomas, Saint John, and Saint Croix. Additionally, the colors of the flag are: yellow, showing various characteristics of the territory and the flowers; green, symbolizing the hills; white, meaning the clouds; and blue, depicting the waters.

History of the flag
The idea of a Virgin Islands Flag began with Rear Admiral Summer Ely Whitmore Kitelle, who was  governor of the Islands on April 26, 1921. He approached Mr. White, and Percival Wilson Sparks, and asked them for suggestions for a flag design. Sparks, a cartoonist, drew a flag on paper. Afterwards Sparks transferred it on heavy cotton material, then asked his wife Grace and her sister Blanche Joseph to make the design.

US Virgin Islands
Flags of the United States
Cure For Pain was the second album released by the band Morphine. It was put out on the Rykodisc label in 1993. The tracks "Sheila" and "In Spite of Me" were part of the soundtrack of the 1994 independent movie Spanking the Monkey.

Track listing
 "Dawna" - 0:44 ^
 "Buena" - 3:19
 "I'm Free Now" - 3:24
 "All Wrong" - 3:40
 "Candy" - 3:14
 "A Head With Wings" - 3:39
 "In Spite of Me" - 2:34 ^
 "Thursday" - 3:26
 "Cure for Pain" - 3:13
 "Mary Won't You Call My Name?" - 2:29
 "Let's Take a Trip Together" - 2:59 ^
 "Sheila" - 2:49

1993 albums
Marie Louise Berneri (March 1, 1918 - April 13, 1949) was an anarchist activist and author.

Life
She was born in Arezzo, Italy, and she was the daughter of Camillo & Giovanna Berneri. The family went into exile in 1926 for resisting Mussolini. In 1936 her father went to Spain, to fight against the fascists in the Spanish Civil War. He was assassinated by communists in 1937. She wrote for many journals, articles as, Revision, with Luis Mercier Vega and was a member of the group that edited Revolt, War Commentary, and the Freedom newspaper published by the Freedom Bookstore in London. She also wrote Journey Through Utopia and Neither East Nor West.  During the father's murder she was living in France and studying psychology at the Sorbonne University. She married Vernon Richards, also an active anarchist with many of the same groups and publications as she. In April 1945 she was one of the four editors of War Commentary. In the post-war international anarchist conference in Paris, 1948 she was  a member of the British delegation. Her mother and sister Giliane Berneri were  members of the Italian and French anarchists delegations.

The death
Marie-Louise Berneri died, along with her baby, during childbirth, 13 April 1949 at the age of 31. George Woodcock & Ivan Avacumovic dedicated their biography of Peter Kropotkin, The Anarchist Prince (1950) to Marie-Louise Berneri, "a true disciple of Kropotkin."

Related pages
 Feminism
 Anarchism
 List of anarchists

Other websites
Marie-Louise Berneri , from The Anarchist Encyclopedia at Recollection Books

English writers
Italian anarchists
1918 births
1949 deaths
Marco Camenisch (born 21 January 1952) is a Swiss anarchist and environmental activist. He was born in Schiers. He served several years in prison for the 1989 murder of a border guard in Brusio, Switzerland and other offences.

Camenisch has maintained his political ideas during his time in prison, and he has remained a political activist.

References

Other websites 
List of anarchists

Swiss activists
Environmentalists
Anarchists
Green anarchism
Green thinkers
Murderers
Prisoners
Swiss people
1952 births
Living people
Sante Geronimo Caserio (September 8, 1873 - August 16, 1894) was an Italian anarchist who assassinated the president of the French Third Republic, Marie François Sadi Carnot, by stabbing.

Death
Caserio was executed by guillotine in Lyon at 5 am on August 16, 1894. In front of the guillotine, he shouted "Coraggio, compagni — evviva l' anarchia!" ("Courage, comrades — Long live anarchy!")

Related pages
 List of anarchists

Bibliography 
 Maurizio Antonioli. Voce "Sante Caserio", in Autori Vari "Dizionario biografico degli anarchici italiani", ed. Pisa, BFS.
 Rino Gualtieri. "Per quel sogno di un mondo nuovo", ed. Milan, Euzelia.
 Errico Malatesta. "Al caffè", 1922

Other websites
 Article about Caserio 
 Le Bal des Innocents: a film about Caserio  
 The songs about Sante Caserio  

1873 births
1894 deaths
Italian anarchists
Criminals
Pakistan Day (, lit. Yaum-e-Pakistan) or Pakistan Resolution Day, also Republic Day, is a national holiday in Pakistan. It is celebrated on 23 March each year. It is the anniversary of the commemoration of the choosing the name "Pakistan" by Choudhary Rahmat Ali.

Notes

Pakistan
Holidays
The Badshahi Mosque (), or the 'Emperor's Mosque', is a mosque in Pakistan. It was built in 1673 by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore, Pakistan, near the Minar-e-Pakistan. It is one of the most famous historical places in Pakistan. It is one of the city's best known landmarks, and a major tourist attraction epitomising the beauty and grandeur of the Mughal It has four minarets. Two are minor and two are major.

Related pages
 Sheesh Mahaln
 Taj Mahal
 Shalimar Gardens Lahore
 Lahore Fort
 Minar-e-Pakistan

Other websites

Buildings and structures in Lahore
Mosques in Asia
Mughal architecture
Religion in Pakistan
World Heritage Sites in Pakistan
1671 establishments
17th-century establishments in Asia
Minar-e-Pakistan (; Mīnār-ĕ Pākistān or Yadgaar-e-Pakistan) is a tall minaret in Iqbal Park Lahore, built in commemoration of the Lahore Resolution.

Other websites

Buildings and structures in Lahore
National symbols of Pakistan
Pakistani culture
Mazar-e-Quaid () or the National Mausoleum refers to the tomb of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. It is an iconic symbol of Karachi throughout the world. The mausoleum was completed in the 1960s. It is situated at the heart of the city. It is the last rest place of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Near the tomb there is a park that has strong lights that show the tomb with lights in the night. Here  with Quaid-e-Azam, Liaquat Ali Khan and Fatima Jinnah are also buried.

Mazar-e-Quaid has been the attraction for locals and tourists. A 3d illumination show was organized with the title of Tribute to Jinnah and was categorized by the organizers as a Gift to the Nation.

References

Other websites
It was also known as the Jinnah mausoleum.
People loved to go there and see the mausoleum.
There is a garden around which makes it look more beautiful 
when you see it from a distance.

Buildings and structures in Karachi
1970 establishments in Asia
Queer as Folk is an American-Canadian drama television series that aired from 2000-2005 on Showtime. It is a remake of a British program with the same name. The series follows the lives of several gay men living in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Due to the cost of making the series, it was actually filmed in Toronto, Canada. Following its first episode, the series quickly became the most-viewed program on the Showtime network in the United States, despite its somewhat controversial and graphic depictions of gay life.

Main cast (in alphabetical order) 

2000 American television series debuts
2005 American television series endings
2000s American drama television series
American LGBT television programs
Canadian television series
LGBT drama television series
Pittsburgh in fiction
English-language television programs
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), is a Cabinet department of the United States government with the goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services. Its motto is "Improving the health, safety, and well-being of America".

 
1953 establishments in the United States
Theodore Marvin DiBiase, Jr. (born November 8, 1982) is an American professional wrestler. He was best known for his time in WWE. He is a former World Tag Team Champion with Cody Rhodes. He also starred in the sequel to "The Marine" which starred WWE wrestler John Cena.

Early life 
DiBiase grew up in Clinton, Mississippi and graduated from Clinton High School in 2001. At Clinton, DiBiase was the football team's starting quarterback. He attended Mississippi College and was the starting wide receiver for the college's football team, before he left the squad after his freshman season. He graduated in 2005 with a Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Business Administration.

World Wrestling Entertainment 
DiBiase first appeared on WWE television on May 26, 2008, where he said he was going to become a champion like his father WWE Hall of Famer, Ted DiBiase, and challenged the World Tag Team Champions, Cody Rhodes and Hardcore Holly. At Night of Champions, DiBiase won the World Tag Team Championship in his first match in WWE, after Rhodes turned on Holly, and decided to team up with DiBiase. They held the titles for a month, but then lost them to John Cena and Batista on August 4. The next week, DiBiase and Rhodes had a rematch, and won the titles back. 

DiBiase and Rhodes were joined by Manu, but on the October 27, 2008 episode of Raw, DiBiase and Rhodes lost their championship to CM Punk and Kofi Kingston. DiBiase was then taken off television, so he could film the movie The Marine 2.

References 

1982 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Mississippi
Apollo Beach is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States.  The population was 7,444 at the 2000 census.

References

Census-designated places in Florida
Unincorporated communities in Florida
The Office of United States Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) was established by U.S. President Harry Truman on January 23 1946 with Admiral Sidney Souers occupying the position. The DCI was coordinating intelligence activities among and between the various United States intelligence agencies, also called the American Intelligence Community.

Until April 2005, the DCI also served as de facto Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and was often referred to colloquially as the "CIA Director." After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and the subsequent investigation by the 9/11 Commission, a movement grew to re-organize the Intelligence Community. That movement prompted the creation, on April 21, 2005, of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), in whose purview was the job portfolio that had been performed previously by the Director of Central Intelligence. The latter position then ceased to exist.

List of Directors of Central Intelligence (in chronological order)

United States intelligence agencies
The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) is the United States government official subject to the authority, direction and control of the President who is responsible under the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 for:
 Serving as the principal adviser to the President, the National Security Council, and the Homeland Security Council for intelligence matters related to the national security;
 Serving as the head of the sixteen-member Intelligence Community; and
 Overseeing and directing the National Intelligence Program.

Directors of National Intelligence 

<small>

References 

 

it:Direttore dell'Intelligence Nazionale
Donald Henry Rumsfeld (July 9, 1932 – June 29, 2021) was an American businessman and politician. Rumsfeld was the 13th United States Secretary of Defense under President Gerald Ford from 1975 to 1977, and the 21st Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2006. 

He was both the youngest (43 years old) and the oldest (74 years old) person to have held the position, as well as the only person to have held the position for two non-consecutive terms. Rumsfeld was also the second-longest serving Secretary of Defense, behind Robert McNamara.

Rumsfeld was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois between 1963 until 1969. He was also the Ambassador to NATO from 1973 until 1974. He was also the White House Chief of Staff from 1974 until 1975 during the Gerald Ford presidency.

He ran for President of the United States in the 1988 election, but withdrew before any primary contests were held. He thought about running again in the 1996 election, but did not run and helped Bob Dole's campaign.

Rumsfeld died of multiple myeloma at his ranch in Taos, New Mexico on June 29, 2021 at the age of 88.

References

United States Secretaries of Defense
White House Chiefs of Staff
Politicians from Chicago
Military people from Chicago
US Republican Party politicians
Permanent Representatives of the United States to NATO
1988 United States presidential candidates
1932 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from multiple myeloma
Businesspeople from Chicago
Chief executives
James Vincent Forrestal (February 15, 1892 – May 22, 1949) was a United States Secretary of the Navy and the first United States Secretary of Defense.

United States Secretaries of Defense
United States Secretaries of the Navy
Politicians from New York
1949 deaths
1892 births
Delta is a place in British Columbia, Canada. Delta is a part of Metro Vancouver. Delta is next to the cities of; Richmond to the north, Surrey to the east, and New Westminster to the north east. Delta is also next to Point Roberts to the south, Point Roberts is a part of Whatcom County, Washington, USA. Delta is the biggest place in Metro Vancouver by how much land it has, Surrey is the second biggest. The mayor of Delta is Lois Jackson.

Delta has three towns; Ladner, Tsawwassen, and North Delta.

About Delta 
Delta was made in 1868 by two people named William and Thomas Ladner. In 1879 Delta turned into a municipality.

In 1959, the George Massey tunnel was made and it connected Delta to Richmond. In 1986, the Alex Fraser bridge was made and it connected Delta to New Westminster. Four highways go through Delta; Highway 99, Highway 17, Highway 10, and Highway 91. The busy Tsawwassen Ferry Terminal is in Delta. Delta is also has a lot of farm land and the Burns Bog, which is the largest bog in North America.

Towns 
Delta has three towns:

 North Delta - most people who live in Delta live here. North Delta is next to Surrey by Scott Road to the east and 96th Avenue to the north. The first and only Krispy Kreme donut shop in British Columbia is in North Delta. North Delta is also has the Scottsdale Centre shopping mall. 52,000 people live in North Delta.

 Ladner - a small town in north-west Delta. Ladner is the main centre of Delta. Ladner has a downtown centre. The Delta Municipal Hall, the Delta Hospital, the Delta Cable building, the Delta Museum, and the Delta School District head office are all in Ladner. Ladner also has an airport, which is called the Boundary Bay Airport. The main street in Ladner is Ladner Trunk Road, which turns into Highway 10. 25,000 people live in Ladner.

 Tsawwassen - a place named after a First Nations tribe. The busy Tsawwassen Ferry Terminal, which has ferries that go to Victoria, Nanaimo, and the Gulf Islands, is in Tsawwassen. Tsawwassen is also has Delta's only border crossing, which goes to Point Roberts, Washington, USA. Tsawwassen also has a beach and two Indian reserves. The Tsawwassen Town Centre Mall, South Delta's only shopping mall, is also in Tsawwassen. The main street for Tsawwassen is 56th Street. 25,000 live in Tsawwassen.

Other websites
Official website

Cities in British Columbia
Sadism is a condition in which people get pleasure from humiliating, harming or hurting others. Often the pleasure is of a sexual kind.  When a person finds pleasure in being hurt or humiliated, their condition is called Masochism.

The terms "sadism" and "masochism" were both invented by Richard von Krafft-Ebing, a German psychiatrist. He named Sadism after the Marquis de Sade, a French nobleman who in the eighteenth century wrote many books, stories and plays. Sade's books include many characters who find pleasure in cruelty, including torture and even murder.

These kind of people usually enjoy when others are hurt, but specific ones love pain in general. Most of the time people who are masochistic or sadistic are sad in real life.

The condition is often fetishized on the internet and sometimes related to self-doubt or self-hate.

Different forms of Sadism
At first Sadism meant only cruelty for sexual pleasure, but as the word became more widely used its meaning changed. Nowadays any person who enjoys being cruel to others can be called "sadistic," even if they get no sexual excitement from what they do.

Some people who have sadistic sexual fantasies mean no real harm to anyone. In BDSM a "top" or dominant person will bind his or her partner or "punish" them in different ways, but what they do will not go beyond limits which the partner has agreed on. On the other hand, a small minority are severely perverted or mentally ill, and wish to act out their sadistic fantasies for real. Such people are rare, but they can be very dangerous. Many serial killers and psychopaths have been sexual sadists.

Treating sadism
Treating sadism is difficult, but it looks like psychotherapy can help in certain cases. Note: It has not been proven that people with sadism can be successfully treated. The former statement is not accurate.

Reading materials
 Fromm, Erich: The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness, 1973
 Fromm, Erich: Escape from Freedom, 1941
 Lennig, Walter: Marquis de Sade. 
 Schorsch, Eberhard und Becker, Nikolaus: 'Angst, Lust Zerstörung  -  Sadismus als soz. u. kriminelles Handeln. Zur Psychodynamik sexueller Tötungen' (2000) Psychosozial-Verlag, 

Human sexuality

en:Sadism
Iain Grieve (born 19 February, 1987 in Jwaneng, Botswana) is a rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a back-row.

Other websites 
Guinness Premiership profile

1987 births
Living people
Rugby union players
Botswana people
In computer networking, network address translation (NAT) is a technique of modifying the network address information in the IP packet headers while transferring the packet across a traffic routing device; such a technique remaps a given address space into another address space. This allows multiple computers to share a single public IP address, which has become necessary because there are not enough IP addresses for every computer in the world.

Today, NAT is used to hide networks (called network masquerading) or to hide IP (called IP masquerading). Masquerading is the mechanism that hides an entire address space, usually consisting of private network addresses (RFC 1918), behind a single IP address usually in the public domain address space. 

The NAT mechanism is implemented inside a routing device that keeps track of the state of the network connections. The NAT device may also implement a firewall. The router uses translation tables to map the "hidden" addresses into a single address and then rewrites the outgoing IP packets on exit from the router so that they appear to originate from the router. In the reverse communications path, responses to the outgoing packets are mapped back to the originating IP address using the reverse of the rules ("state") stored in the translation tables. The outgoing IP packets establish the device translation tables.

The translation table rules established in the above way are cleared after a short period without new traffic refreshing their state. However, most NAT devices today allow the network administrator to configure translation tables’ entries for permanent use. This feature is often referred to as "static NAT" or port forwarding and allows traffic originating in the 'outside' network to reach selected hosts in the masqueraded network.

Carrier-grade NAT, also called large-scale NAT, is NAT done by the Internet service provider (ISP). This is used when the ISP has more customers than IP addresses. This is commonly used by cellular service providers on 3G and 4G networks, but it is not (yet) common on landline DSL or cable connections. The CIDR address block 100.64.0.0/10 is reserved for carrier-grade NAT, although many ISPs improperly use RFC 1918 private addresses, which are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16.

NAT is used only in IPv4. It is not necessary in IPv6, because IPv6 has enough addresses for every computer in the world to have a global address.

Related pages
 Internet protocol suite
 Communications protocol

References 

 
Internet
A router is a computer whose software and hardware are designed to move data between computer networks. Routers make sure traffic between computers goes where it needs to go. They do this by choosing the shortest path between the computers using a complicated system of rules called routing protocols. Routers generally contain a specialized operating system, RAM, NVRAM, flash memory, and one or more processors, as well as two or more network interfaces.  They come in a variety of sizes from something you could hold in your hand to something too large for one person to lift.

If you have an Internet connection, you probably have a router somewhere that your computer sends data to. This is the first router your computer will connect to in order to get to the internet. It is also known as a default gateway (because it is your gateway to the internet). By convention the gateway has the lowest IP address (like a phone number for a computer) in the subnet (a group of addresses). Anytime you make a connection (such as a connection to www.wikipedia.org) your computer looks up the IP address using the look-up service called DNS (Domain Name Service). Once the destination address has been found your computer connects to your gateway router. The gateway then sends data to a router at your ISP (Internet Service Provider), that router can be said to be part of the internet and connects to other routers until the data reaches the destination.

In small networks such as homes, small businesses (including internet cafés) and small schools, the router also performs NAT (network address translation) which makes all outgoing connections look like they come from one address. Typically, incoming connections are only allowed if they are replies to connections made by a computer inside the NAT.

Routers connect two or more networks and direct traffic between them.  These networks may be physical (the network is associated with a port) or logical (not associated with a port on the router). The term layer 3 switch often is used the same as 'router', but it is a general term without a technical definition.  Layer 3 switch implies a device that is built to connect Ethernet devices in a LAN but can also perform routing.

Router operating systems are split into two parts:
 The Control Plane, where the router learns the best port to send data to for a specific destination
 The Forwarding Plane, where the router does the work of sending data to its destination.

Related pages
 Internet protocol suite
 Communications protocol

References 

 
Internet
Masochism is a medical condition. People who suffer from it can get pleasure from being hurt or humiliated by others. Often, the pleasure is sexual. When a person gets pleasure from being the one who causes hurt or humiliation, their condition is called Sadism.

The word "masochism" was invented by Richard von Krafft-Ebing, a German psychiatrist. He named it after Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836-1895), a writer whose books and stories often featured men in love with women who treated them cruelly.

Different forms of Masochism
Many people with masochistic feelings do not really want to be hurt badly. They want to act out their daydreams, such as being tied up and kidnapped, or becoming the slave of another person. In BDSM, people often agree who will be "dominant/dom" and "submissive/sub" before they do anything together, and talk about exactly what they will do before they do it. People who do this kind of masochism usually do it for sexual excitement.

Most people who practice BDSM are concerned about their partner's safety. When people are careless about safety, or have no partner and play masochistic games when they are alone, it can be very dangerous. In some cases people have died from such games, especially when they involve suffocation, like hanging or rubber masks, even more dangerous when making it hard to get out by putting themselves in things like handcuffs.

Some people suffer from emotional masochism. They are more comfortable when they feel sad or consider themselves failures in life, or prefer to be in a relationship with someone who cheats or insults them. People who have these kind of feelings may have been bullied or abused earlier in life, or may feel that they do not deserve success and happiness.

Sometimes, self-injury is seen as a form of masochism which is not motivated sexually. Other behaviours, such as nail biting or trichotillomania often occur in situations where there is a lot of stress or pressure on the individual. While they are related to the individual's way to deal with stressful situations, they are also often rooted in the personality.

Treating masochism
Treating masochism is difficult, but it looks like psychotherapy can help in some cases. People who like to be hurt during sex often say they're happy, though. Even not in sex, masochism can be natural in people.

BDSM
Jon Fisher is an economist, an author, and a businessman. Fisher created his company Bharosa to create software to make computers safer. He is also a part-time professor at the University of San Francisco. Fisher has created forecasts about jobs in the United States. He said it was a mistake for the government to help banks in a weak economy. He has appeared on the news websites TechCrunch, Marketwired, and The Wall Street Journal.

Early Life and Education

Jon Fisher was born on January 19, 1972. His parents are Gerald and Anita Fisher. They are both professors at Stanford University. Jon attended The Nueva School and Crystal Springs Uplands School. He graduated from the University of San Francisco.

Career

In 1994, Jon Fisher started the company AutoReach. This company is now a part of AutoNation. In 1998, he formed a new company, NetClerk. This new company was purchased by the Builders Information Group in 2002. NetClerk created software that allowed people in the construction and plumbing industries to obtain online permits.

After working with NetClerk, Fisher gave his help to new business owners. He taught them how to reorganize and sell their business for a profit. In 2004, Fisher and Thomas Varghese started the company Bharosa. Fisher was the chief executive officer (CEO) for the company. Bharosa creates security software to make online customers safe.

Fisher currently works as the chief executive officer of CrowdOptic. He began to work there on November 17, 2010. He is also an adjunct professor at the University of San Francisco. Fisher has published a book titled Strategic Entrepreneurism: Shattering the Start-Up Entrepreneurial Myths.

Fisher was recognized in 2008 and 2009 when he made several predictions about the direction of the United States economy. In April 2008, he said that the unemployment rate in the United States would be 9% in 2009. This fact became true. In 2009, Fisher said that unemployment would not be more than 10.4%. He said it would be 8% by the end of 2010.

Awards and Recognition

Jon Fisher has received several honors for his work as an entrepreneur and teacher, including:

 American City Business Journals Forty Under 40 (2006)
 Ernst & Young Entrepreneur Of The Year, Emerging Category (2007)

Other websites 
SVB annual summit speech, 2013 
Commonwealth Club speech, 2009 
Speech at Brown University
Dow Jones MarketWatch
NewsHour With Jim Lehrer 
San Francisco Chronicle Op-ed
Interview with the Wall Street Journal, March 2009

References

Other websites 
Guinness Premiership profile

1972 births
Living people
Businesspeople from California
Rory Clegg (born 6 January 1990 in Hanover, Germany) is an English rugby union player for the Newcastle Falcons in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a fly-half.

Other websites
Guinness Premiership profile

1990 births
Living people
English rugby union players
Newcastle Falcons rugby union players
People from Hanover
Sportspeople from Lower Saxony
, is a slang word for the phrase "Lolita complex". In Japan, the word explains a hebephilic desire for drawings of teenage or prepubescent, or a young girl who desires other girls. Outside Japan, the word is less common. It denotes a genre of manga and anime in which young female characters are shown in a sexual way. The word is a reference to Vladimir Nabokov's book, Lolita. In the book, a middle-aged man sexually desires a 12-year-old girl .

Some people claim that lolicon adds to actual sexual abuse of children, while others claim that there is no facts that show this, or that facts show the opposite. Countries have tried to make lolicon that shows children naked or having sex illegal as a type of child pornography. 

One of the few that has made it actually illegal is the United Kingdom where the possession of lolicon pornography is illegal. These laws have been criticised heavily, and charges of lolicon child porn tend not to stick, because a judge reasons that no real children were harmed to make it and posses it and therefore it is not worth conviction, or because the harm that will be caused by giving the person a jail sentence is considered disproportionate to their charges.

Notes

Lolicon
Anime and manga genres
Behemoth is a metal band from Gdańsk, Poland. Their early albums were black metal, but later they switched to a mixture of death metal and black metal. The band has been important in the creation of the Polish extreme metal underground.

Discography 

 Sventevith (Storming Near the Baltic) (1995)
 Grom (1996)
 Pandemonic Incantations (1998)
 Satanica (1999)
 Thelema.6 (2000)
 Zos Kia Cultus (Here and Beyond) (2002)
 Demigod (2004)
 The Apostasy (2007)
 Evangelion (2009)
 The Satanist (2014)
 I Loved You at Your Darkest (2018)

References 

Black metal bands
Death metal bands
is a Japanese movie studio in Koganei, Tokyo. It produced anime movies. It has won many awards for some of its movies, including an Academy Award for Spirited Away. The company was established by Hayao Miyazaki in 1985. The name comes from the Arabic word ghibli, for hot winds blowing from the Sahara Desert. The main focus of Ghibli is to produce long animations, but they have produced short animations since the middle of 1990. Their movies often satirize the society at that time. The company tends to choose famous actors from television or movies as their voice actors. They also have a museum located in Mitaka.

Selected works
 Castle in the Sky, 1986
 My Neighbor Totoro, 1988
 Grave of the Fireflies, 1988
 Kiki's Delivery Service, 1989
 Only Yesterday, 1991
 Porco Rosso, 1992
 Pom Poko, 1994
 Whisper of the Heart, 1995
 Princess Mononoke, 1997
 My Neighbors the Yamadas, 1999
 Spirited Away, 2001  
 The Cat Returns,2002
 Howl's Moving Castle, 2004
 Tales from Earthsea, 2006
Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea, 2008
 The Secret World of Arrietty, 2010 
 From Up on Poppy Hill, 2011
 The Wind Rises, 2013
 The Tale of Princess Kaguya, 2013
 When Marnie Was There, 2014

References

Other websites 
Stubio Ghibli site (in Japanese)
GHIBLI MUSEUM,MITAKA 

Movie studios
Companies of Japan
Studio Ghibli
1985 establishments in Japan
Polis means a city, a city-state and also citizenship and body of citizens. In context with Ancient Greece polis means nearly always "city-state."

The word originates from the ancient Greek city-states, which developed during the  period and existed well into Roman times, when the equivalent Latin word was civitas, that means 'citizenhood' as well.

An ancient polis often centered around a citadel, called the acropolis. Nearly always it had an agora (market) and typically one or more temples and a gymnasium.  Many citizens of a polis did not live in the central city but in the suburbs or countryside.  The Greeks regarded the polis as a religious and political association: while the polis would control territory and colonies beyond the city itself, the polis would not simply consist of a geographical area.

Words coming from "polis"
Modern European languages have many words that come from polis. In English there are policy, polity, police and politics.  In Greek, words coming from polis include politēs and politismos.

A number of words end in the word "-polis". Most refer to a special kind of city and/or state. Some examples are:
 Megalopolis, made by adding Greek word for "big" and meaning a conurbation built by merging several cities and their suburbs.
 Metropolis, made by adding the Greek word for "mother" and meaning the mother city of a colony, the see of a metropolitan archbishop, or a Metropolitan area.

Other refer to part of a city or a group of cities, such as:
 Acropolis, 'high city' — upper part of a polis, often citadel and/or site of major temple(s).
 Tripolis, a group of three cities, retained in the names of a Tripoli in Libya and a namesake in Lebanon

Other cities
The names of several other towns and cities in Europe and the Middle East have contained the suffix "-polis" since antiquity; or currently feature modernized spellings, such as "-pol". Some of the examples are:

Heliopolis, Egypt
Persepolis, Iran
Sevastopol, Crimea, Ukraine

The names of other cities were also given the suffix "-polis" after antiquity, either referring to ancient names or simply unrelated:
Annapolis, Maryland, United States of America
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
Illiopolis, Illinois, United States of America
Metropolis, Illinois, United States of America
Demopolis, Alabama, United States of America
Thermopolis, Wyoming is a town in the United States of America but isn't classified as a city.

Notes

Further reading
 Hansen, Mogens Herman. Polis: An Introduction to the Ancient Greek City-State. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006 (hardcover, ; paperback, ).

Ancient Greece
is a Japanese work that a person creates alone or with people who also share their interests. A group of people who work together to create doujinshi are called a . Some circles have only one artist working by themselves: they are sometimes called . These works can be books, manga, art, or other things. Doujinshi are often created by amateurs, but, some professional artists also make doujinshi. The word "doujinshi" comes from  and . Shi is a contraction of the full word zasshi. Zasshi means magazine.
 
Doujinshi are part of a larger category of dōjin. This category includes art collections, anime, hentai, and games.

Other websites 
TheAkiba DoujinART Gallery : A gallery sharing Anime Artwork and Doujinshi scans.
Passion: A popular doujinshi fanlisting site
Doujinshi DB: A large database of dōjinshi artists, circles, and books

Anime and manga terms
Manga
Mumia Abu-Jamal (born Wesley Cook on April 24, 1954) is an American activist. He was convicted and sentenced to death for the 1981 murder of police officer Daniel Faulkner in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (U.S.). Before his arrest he was a Black Panther Party activist, taxi driver, and journalist and still continued his efforts in prison. Since the time when he was found guilty, his case has received attention around the world, and he has become a controversial cultural icon. Supporters and opponents disagree on whether it is right for him to receive the death penalty, if he is guilty, or if he received a fair trial. During his imprisonment he has published several books and other commentaries, notably Live from Death Row. As of 2008, his legal appeals are still unsettled, and he is a prisoner at State Correctional Institution Greene near Waynesburg, Pennsylvania.

References 

1954 births
Living people
African-American people
American activists
American people convicted of murder
American prisoners sentenced to death
People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Overkill is a thrash metal band from New Jersey. They formed in 1984 and have played since then.

Discography 
 Feel the Fire (1985)
 Taking Over (1987)
 Under The Influence (1988)
 The Years of Decay (1989)
 Horrorscope (1991)
 I Hear Black (1993)
 W.F.O. (1994)
 The Killing Kind (1996)
 !!!Fuck You!!! and Then Some (1996)
 From the Underground and Below (1997)
 Necroshine (1999)
 Bloodletting (2000)
 Killbox 13 (2003)
 ReliXIV (2005)
 Immortalis (2007)
 Ironbound (2010)
 The Electric Age (2012)

References

Other websites 

 Official OVERKILL Site
 BORN IN THE BASEMENT- Thrash Metal/ Overkill History
 Overkill artwork archive from Rat Skates

1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Musical groups from New Jersey
American heavy metal bands
Thrash metal bands
For law enforcement see Police

The Police were a rock band from England who played a style of rock that was influenced by jazz, punk and reggae music. As of 2008, The Police are one of the most successful bands in the world having sold over 40,000,000 records worldwide. The Police, along with The Clash, are notable for using reggae as a major part of their musical form.

Rolling Stone ranked The Police number 70 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.

The Police were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 10 March 2003.

History
The Police formed with Stewart Copeland in late 1976 as drummer, Sting as the singer-bassist and Henry Padovani as the guitarist. In early 1977 they recorded their first single, "Fall Out"/"Nothing Achieving,".

Band members

Line-ups

Discography

Studio albums
 Outlandos d'Amour - November, 1978 - UK #6; US #23 - US sales: Platinum
 Reggatta de Blanc - October, 1979 - UK #1; US #25 - US sales: Platinum
 Zenyattà Mondatta - October, 1980 - UK #1; US #5 - US sales: 2x Platinum
 Ghost in the Machine - October, 1981 - UK #1; US #2 - US sales: 3x Platinum
 Synchronicity - June, 1983 - UK #1; US #1 - US sales: 8x Platinum

Live albums
 Live! - (1995) US sales: Platinum
 The Police: Certifiable - (November 11, 2008) - Live CD of 2007/08 Reunion Tour recorded in Buenos Aires, Argentina (packaged with DVD or Blu-ray, Also a Best Buy Exclusive.)

Singles

Awards

BRIT Awards
1982 – Best British Group
1985 – Outstanding Contribution To Music

Grammy Awards
1980 – Best Rock Instrumental Performance for "Reggatta de Blanc"
1981 – Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for "Don't Stand So Close to Me"
1981 – Best Rock Instrumental Performance for "Behind My Camel"
1983 – Song of the Year for "Every Breath You Take" (awarded to Sting)
1983 – Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for "Every Breath You Take"
1983 – Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for Synchronicity

References

Other websites
The Police - official website
UnRated Magazine Review of The Police - Everyone Stares: The Police Inside Out
 http://www.jambase.com/ - Stewart Copeland Interview

1977 establishments in the United Kingdom
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2008 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
English rock bands
Musical groups established in 1977
Musical groups from London
Musical groups disestablished in 2008
Damageplan was a heavy metal band from Dallas, Texas. They started playing in 2003 after Pantera's guitarist and drummer decided to start a new band. They only released one album, called New Found Power. On December 8, 2004, the guitarist Dimebag Darrell was shot and killed by an obsessed fan named Nathan Gale during a concert. After the incident, the band broke up.

References

2003 establishments in the United States
2004 disestablishments in the United States
2000s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
Dallas, Texas
Musical groups established in 2003
Musical groups disestablished in 2004
Musical groups from Texas
In cryptography, Triple DES is a block cipher created from the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher by using it three times. Triple DES is also known as TDES or, more standard, TDEA (Triple Data Encryption Algorithm ).

When it was discovered that a 56-bit key of DES is not enough to protect from brute force attacks, TDES was chosen as a simple way to enlarge the key space without a need to switch to a new algorithm. The use of three steps is essential to prevent meet-in-the-middle attacks that are effective against double DES encryption.

In general TDES with three different keys (3-key {k1, k2, k3} TDES) has a key length of 168 bits: three 56-bit DES keys (with parity bits 3-key TDES has the total storage length of 192 bits), but due to the meet-in-the-middle attack the effective security it provides is only 112 bits. Another version, called two-key TDES (2-key TDES), uses k1 = k3, thus reducing the key size to 112 bits and the storage length to 128 bits. However, this mode can be taken advantage of through certain chosen-plaintext or known-plaintext attacks  and so TDES is treated by NIST to have only 80 bits of security.

By design, DES and therefore TDES, suffer from slow performance in software. TDES is better suited to hardware implementations, which are many of the places it is still used.

TDES is slowly disappearing from use, largely replaced by the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). One large-scale exception is within the electronic payments industry, which still uses 2TDES extensively and continues to develop and spread standards based upon it (e.g. EMV, the standard for inter-operation of IC cards; also called "Chip cards",  and IC capable POS terminals and ATM's).  This guarantees that TDES will remain an active cryptographic standard well into the future.

Related pages
 DES-X
 Data Encryption Standard (DES)
 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

References

Cryptography