cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
David William Kelly (July 11, 1929 – February 12, 2012) was an Irish actor. He acted in several movies and television shows from the 1950s until his death in 2012. Kelly is known in Ireland as Rashers Tierney in Strumpet City.

In Britain, he is known as Cousin Edna in Me Mammy and as the builder Mr. O'Reilly in Fawlty Towers. In the United States, Kelly is known as Grandpa Joe in Tim Burton's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. He is also known as Michael O'Sullivan in Waking Ned.

Kelly was born on July 11, 1929 in Dublin, Ireland. He went to The Abbey School of Acting. Kelly was married to Laurie Morton from 1961 until his death in 2012. They had two children; David Kelly, Jr. and Miriam Kelly. Kelly died on February 12, 2012, his cause of death was pneumonia complicated by lung cancer in Dublin, Ireland. He was 82 years old. Kelly was buried at the Mount Jerome Cemetery & Crematorium.

References

Other websites
 
 

1929 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from lung cancer
Disease-related deaths in the Republic of Ireland
Irish movie actors
Irish television actors
Irish voice actors
Irish stage actors
Irish radio actors
Actors from Dublin
Jonathan Frid (John Herbert Frid; December 2, 1924 – April 14, 2012) was a Canadian stage, radio, voice, television, and movie actor. He was best known for playing the role of vampire Barnabas Collins on the Gothic American television show Dark Shadows. 

Frid was born on December 2, 1924 in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He had Scottish, English, German, and Danish ancestry. He learned how to become an actor in Ontario, New York City, and London. Frid was not married.  

Frid died in the early hours of April 14, 2012 at the Juravinski Hospital in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He died from complications of pneumonia due to a fall he had several days before, he was 87 years old. Frid had a nephew David Howitt, who confirmed his death.

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1924 births
2012 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
Actors from Hamilton
Actors from London
Actors from New York City
Canadian movie actors
Canadian stage actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Ontario
Infectious disease deaths in Canada
is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as an equestrian rider who participated in three Summer Olympic Games.

Hoketsu is the oldest Olympian to compete for Japan. He is the second oldest Olympian after Oscar Swahn who was a 72-year-old Swedish shooter who won bronze medal at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp.

International competitions

Timeline
 1964: Summer Olympics
 1988: Summer Olympics
 2008: Summer Olympics 
 2012: Summer Olympics

Related pages
 Japan at the Olympics

References

Other websites
  Hiroshi Hoketsu at Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI)
 Hiroshi Hoketsu at Tokyo Weekender

1941 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Tokyo
2012 Summer Olympics
Equestrians
Francis Michael Gough (23 November 1916 – 17 March 2011) was an English character actor who as appeared in over 150 movies. He is perhaps best known world wide for his roles in the Hammer Horror Films from 1958, and for his work as Batman's loyal butler Alfred Pennyworth in Batman, Batman Returns, Batman Forever, and Batman & Robin. Gough and actor Pat Hingle are the only two actors to appear in all 4 Batman movies directed by Tim Burton or Joel Schumacher. Gough has also been in some other Tim Burton movies, Sleepy Hollow, Tim Burton's Corpse Bride, and Alice in Wonderland.

Early life
Gough was born on 23 November 1916 in Kuala Lumpur, British Malaya. His parents were Frances Atkins (née Baillie) and Frances Berkely Gough.

Personal life
Gough was married four times; first to Dinan Graves they divorced. Second to Anne Leon in 1950 through 1964. Third to Anneke Wills in 1962 until they divorced in 1979. Lastly to Henrietta Lawrence in 1980 until his death in 2011. Gough had 3 children; Emma, Simon, and Jasper.

Death
Gough died on 17 March 2011 in his home in Salisbury, Wiltshire from pneumonia complicated from prostate cancer. He was 94 years old. He was cremated. Michael Keaton who played Batman in the first two Batman films, said "To Mick - my butler, my confidant, my friend, my Alfred. I love you. God bless. Michael (Mr. Wayne) Keaton.". Gough was cremated and his ashes were rest at sea.

Movies

References

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1916 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from prostate cancer
Actors from London
BAFTA Award winning actors
Cancer deaths in England
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Tony Award winning actors
The 2012 Aurora shooting took place in Aurora, Colorado, United States, on 20 July 2012. Gunman James Eagan Holmes shot dead 12 people and wounded 58 others at The Dark Knight Rises premiere at a movie theater. He was arrested a few minutes later. 

Holmes was convicted in 2015 of twenty-four counts of first-degree murder, 140 counts of attempted first-degree murder, one count of possessing explosives and a sentence enhancement of a crime of violence. He was sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole.

References

2012 crimes in the United States

2010s mass shootings in the United States
2010s murders in the United States
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2012
Attacks on buildings and structures in the United States
2012 shooting
History of Colorado
July events
Mass murder in 2012
Massacres in the United States
Murder in Colorado
Martin Patterson "Pat" Hingle (July 19, 1924  January 3, 2009) was an American actor. He played Commissioner James Gordon in the Tim Burton/Joel Schumacher Batman films: Batman, Batman Returns, Batman Forever, and Batman & Robin. Hingle and Michael Gough are the only two actors to appear in all 4 Batman movies. Hingle worked from 1954 through 2006.

Personal life
Hingle was born on July 19, 1924 in Miami, Florida. His parents were Marvin Louise (née Patterson), a schoolteacher and musician, and Clarence Martin Hingle, a building contractor.

Hingle enlisted in the U.S. Navy in December 1941, dropping out of the University of Texas. He served on the destroyer USS Marshall during World War II. He returned to the University of Texas after the war ended and earned a degree in radio broadcasting. He learned to act at the Actors Studio.

Hingle was married two times; first to Alyce Faye Dorsey in 1947 until they divorced in 1972. He was married to Julie Wright from 1979 until his death in 2009. Hingle had 3 children with Dorsey; Jody, Billy, and Molly. With Wright, he had two children. Hingle graduated from Weslaco High School in Weslaco, Texas in 1942.

Near death experience
In 1960, he had been offered the title role in Elmer Gantry, but Burt Lancaster filled the part because Hingle had been in a near fatal accident. He was caught in his West End Avenue apartment building in an elevator that had stalled between the second and third floors. He crawled out and sought to reach the second floor corridor but lost his balance and fell fifty-four feet down the shaft. He fractured his skull, wrist, hip, and most of the ribs on his left side. He broke his left leg in three places and lost the little finger on his left hand. He lay near death for two weeks, and his recovery required more than a year.

Death
Hingle died on January 3, 2009 in Carolina Beach, North Carolina from Myelodysplastic syndrome, he was 84 years old. Hingle was cremated and his ashes were scattered into the Atlantic Ocean.

Movies

References

Other websites

1924 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from myelodysplastic syndrome
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
Actors from Miami, Florida
Actors from Houston, Texas
Bernard Hill (born 17 December 1944) is a British movie, theatre, and television actor since 1975. His career has lasted more than 30 years.

Hill is known for playing Yosser Hughes in the British television drama Boys from the Blackstuff. He is also known for the roles in movie blockbusters films such as Captain Edward Smith in Titanic, King Theoden in The Lord of the Rings movie series, and as the Warden of the San Quentin Prison in Clint Eastwood's True Crime.

Hill was born in Blackley, Manchester, England in 17 December 1944. He attended at Xaverian College although back then it was called The Xaverian School, and then to the Manchester Polytechnic School of Drama at the same time as Richard Griffiths. He graduated with a diploma in theatre in 1970.

He is married to Marianne Hill and has a son named Gabriel Hill.

In his commentary on The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) Extended Edition DVD, he admits that during the course of shooting he first broke his sternum, then had his ear slashed open by a sword.

References

Other websites

1944 births
Living people
Actors from Manchester
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
The optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve II or simply as CN II, is one of twelve cranial nerves but is also considered to be part of the central nervous system. It sends information from the retina (the outermost part of the eye) to the brain. The brain forms a picture using the information so that you can see things.
The retina sees the image upside-down and the optic nerve sends it to the brain so it turns it back into normal.

Anatomy of the nervous system
Eye anatomy
Optometry
Thomas Geoffrey "Tom" Wilkinson Jr. (born 5 February 1948) is an English movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He has been nominated for an Academy Award, for his roles in In the Bedroom and Michael Clayton. In 2009, he won Golden Globe and a Primetime Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Film for his role in John Adams. Wilkinson is also known for his works in 2005 blockbuster Batman Begins and as Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. (the father of President John F. Kennedy). in 2011 miniseries The Kennedys.

Wilkinson was born on 5 February 1948 in Wharfedale, West Riding of Yorkshire, England to Thomas Wilkinson Sr. a farmer. Wilkinson was trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts and University of Kent. Wilkinson is married to Diana Hardcastle since 1998 and have two daughters, Alice and Mollie. Both Wilkinson and Hardcastle both played the real life couple Joe and Rose Kennedy in the 2011 miniseries The Kennedys.

References

Other websites

 

1948 births
Living people
Actors from Yorkshire
BAFTA Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Rutger Oelsen Hauer (January 23, 1944 – July 19, 2019) was a Dutch stage, television, and movie actor.

Career
Hauer's career began during the year 1969 with the role in a popular Dutch television series Floris, directed by Paul Verhoeven. His notable works include Flesh & Blood, Blind Fury, Blade Runner, The Hitcher, Nighthawks, Wedlock, Sin City, Confessions of a Dangerous Mind, Ladyhawke, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, The Osterman Weekend, The Blood of Heroes, Batman Begins, Hobo with a Shotgun, The Rite, and he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Escape from Sobibor. Hauer was a dedicated environmentalist and founded an AIDS awareness organization, the Rutger Hauer Starfish Association.

Personal life
Hauer was born on January 23, 1944 in Breukelen, Netherlands. His parents were Arend and Teunuk Hauer, both drama teachers. Hauer was raised in Beetsterzwaag, Netherlands. Hauer lived in Malibu, California, United States. Hauer married Ineke ten Kate in 1985. He had one daughter, Aysha Hauer, with his first wife Heidi Merz.  He was the grandfather of fashion model Leandro Maeder.

Hauer was made a knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion in 2013.

Hauer died on 19 July 2019 at his home in Beetsterzwaag, Switzerland at the age of 75 after a short-illness.

References

Other websites

Rutger Hauer at Box Office Mojo
Rutger Hauer at Virtual History

1944 births
2019 deaths
Dutch movie actors
Dutch stage actors
Dutch television actors
Dutch voice actors
Golden Globe Award winners
People from Utrecht (province)
is a Japanese athlete.  She is best known as a long-distance runner competing mainly in the marathon. 

In 2008, she retired from racing.

Early life
Takahashi was not a successful runner in high school.  She improved after she graduated from college.

International competitions

Timeline
 1997: 5000m World Championships, 13th
 1997: Osaka International Women's Marathon, 7th place
 1998: Nagoya International Women's Marathon, 1st place, Japanese record at the time
 1998: Bangkok Asian Games, gold medal, Japanese record at the time
 2000: Nagoya International Women's Marathon, 1st place
 2000: Sydney Olympics, gold medal, current Olympic record
 2001: OHME Marathon (30 km), Japanese record at the time
 2001: Berlin Marathon, 1st place, World Record at the time
 2002: Berlin Marathon, 1st
 2003: Tokyo International Women's Marathon, 2nd
 2005: Tokyo International Women's Marathon, 1st
 2006: Tokyo International Women's Marathon, 3rd
 2008: Nagoya Marathon, 27th

Related pages 
 Sports in Japan
 Japan at the Olympics

References

Other websites

  Takahashi Naoko at IAAF

1972 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic gold medalists
James Allen Whitmore, Jr. (October 1, 1921  February 6, 2009) was an American stage and movie actor.

Early years
Born on October 1, 1921 in White Plains, New York. to Florence Belle (née Crane) and James Allen Whitmore, Sr.. Whitmore graduated from Yale University before serving in the United States Marine Corps during World War II.

Career

Following the war, Whitmore appeared on Broadway, where he won a special Tony Award in 1948. His first major movie was Battleground, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Other major movies include; The Asphalt Jungle, The Next Voice You Hear, Kiss Me, Kate, Them!, Black Like Me, and Give 'em Hell, Harry, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as 33rd President of the United States Harry S. Truman.

Whitmore also appeared as General Oliver O. Howard in the 1975 TV movie I Will Fight No More Forever, based on the 1877 conflict between the United States and Nez Perce trib, led by Chief Joseph.

Later career
Whitmore's last major role was as librarian Brooks Hatlen in the critically-acclaimed and the Academy Award-nominated 1994 movie The Shawshank Redemption.

Although not always politically active, in 2007, Whitmore received some publicity with his endorsement of Barack Obama for U.S. President. In January 2008, Whitmore appeared in television commercials for the First Freedom First campaign, which advocates preserving "the separation of church and state" and protecting religious liberty.

Personal life
Whitmore was married four times; once to Nancy Mygatt in 1947 until they divorced in 1971. Then he married Audra Lindley in 1972 until they divorced in 1979. Later he once again married Nancy Mygatt in 1979 until they divorced once again in 1981. Lastly Whitmore married Noreen Nash in 2001 until Whitmore's death in 2009. He only has three sons from his first marriage including; James Whitmore, Jr..

Death
Whitmore died on February 6, 2009 in his Malibu, California home from lung cancer from which he had since November 2008. He was 87 years old. Whitmore was later cremated and his ashes were scattered at sea.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 Actors Master Class: James Whitmore in How To Steal A Scene 
 Whitmore interview. YouTube.
 Staff (undated; copyright 2009).  "James Whitmore Obituary".  Associated Press (via the Los Angeles Times module at Legacy.com).  Retrieved October 14, 2012.
 Steven Ameche: Remembering James Whitmore At The Market 

1921 births
2009 deaths
Actors from New York
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Deaths from lung cancer
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Grammy Award winners
Tony Award winning actors
Yale University alumni
Common names: Baja California rattlesnake, Lower California rattlesnake

Crotalus enyo, also known as the "Lower California Rattlesnake", is a species of venomous Pit viper. There are currently two subspecies found.

Description
Male Baja California Rattlesnakes are larger than females with some which can grow up to the length of . The head is small and narrow while the eyes are very big. They are usually light brown or dark brown in color, but some are also gray. They have blotches which are black or light brown with dark edges.

Where it lives
The Baja California Rattlesnake is found in deserts and pine-oak forests of northwestern Mexico. They are also found on islands of the Gulf of California.

Feeding
Young Baja California Rattlesnakes eat lizards and small centipedes, while adults eat rodents and large centipedes of the genus Scolopendra.

Reproduction
Baja California Rattlesnakes mate in the spring and give birth to their young in summer or early fall. They give birth to 2-7 young at a time, and the young are around  long.

Subspecies
 Cerralvo Island Rattlesnake, C. e. cerralvensis
 Rosario Rattlesnake, C. e. furvus

References 

Vipers
Hassiba Boulmerka (born 10 July 1968 in Constantine, Algeria) is a former Algerian middle distance athlete.

Boulmerka started running seriously at the age of ten. She focused on the 800 and 1500 metres. She was successful in national and regional races. Her first major international tournament was the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.  She was eliminated in the preliminary heat of both the 800 and 1500 m.

The first major race she won was the 800 m. at the Golden Gala race in Rome, Italy. A month later, she was at the World Championships. She won the 1500 m.

Muslim groups in Algeria did not like her.  They thought she showed too much of her body when racing. Boulmerka received death threats. She had to move to Europe to train. She won the 1500 m gold medal at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. It was Algeria's first gold medal at the Olympic Games.

She won a bronze medal at the 1993 World Championships in Stuttgart. In 1995, she did not win a single race until the World Championships in Gothenburg.  She was at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, but sprained her ankle in the semi-finals. She stopped racing after 1997.

Boulmerka was later elected to the Athletes' Commission of the International Olympic Committee.

Boulmerka has returned to Algeria and is now a businesswoman.

References

1968 births
Living people
Algerian Olympic gold medalists
Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd (8 September 1901 – 6 September 1966) was Prime Minister of South Africa from 1958 to 1966. He was the person chiefly responsible for apartheid. 
He was born in the Netherlands. His parents emigrated to southern Africa when he was two years old. In 1950, Verwoerd became Minister of Native Affairs (native meant the black Africans in the country). He was Prime Minister from 1958 to 1966, when he was murdered. Verwoerd was associated with the National Party.

Verwoerd is often called the "Architect of Apartheid" for his role in apartheid policy when he was Minister of Native Affairs and then Prime Minister. Verwoerd once described apartheid as a "policy of good neighbourliness".

On 9 April 1960 a white farmer named David Pratt attempted to murder Verwoerd by shooting him, but Verwoerd survived the attack.

In 1960, Verwoerd announced that he planned to hold a referendum in South Africa on whether to remain a Commonwealth realm under the British monarch's rule or become a republic.  The South African Parliament (a kind of legislature) voted to present the referendum to the people, and it was held in October. Voters were asked if they wanted to remain under the British monarch's rule, or become a republic. 52% voted to change to a republic. South Africa became a republic on May 31, 1961.

The National Party government under Verowoerd continued to develop the military, and it successfully made new developments in arms production including aircraft, small arms, armed vehicles, and even nuclear weapons.

Three days before his death, Verwoerd held talks with the Prime Minister of the Lesotho, one of the native tribes in South Africa, Chief Leabua Jonathan, at the Union Buildings in Pretoria.  Following the meeting, a joint statement was issued by the two governments with special emphasis on "co-operation without interference in each others' internal affairs".

On 6 September 1966, Verwoerd was murdered in Cape Town, shortly after entering the House of Assembly at 2:15 pm. A parliamentary messenger named Dimitri Tsafendas stabbed Verwoerd in the neck and chest four times before other Assembly members restrained him. Members who were also trained as medical practitioners rushed to aid Verwoerd and started giving cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Verwoerd was rushed to Groote Schuur Hospital, but was declared dead upon arrival.

References

Other websites

1901 births
1966 deaths
Afrikaner people
People associated with Apartheid
Murders by blade weapons
Politicians from Amsterdam
Prime Ministers of South Africa
Richard Wayne "Dick" Van Dyke (born December 13, 1925) is an American actor, comedian, dancer, producer, singer and writer with his career that has lasted 60 years. He is the older brother of Jerry Van Dyke and father of Barry Van Dyke.

Van Dyke starred in many movies; Bye Bye Birdie, Mary Poppins, Night at the Museum, and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and in television series The Dick Van Dyke Show and in Diagnosis: Murder. He has a star in the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Van Dyke was once offered the role as Ambassador Thorn in the 1976 movie The Omen, but turned it down because of the movie's violent gory content.

Early life
Van Dyke was born on December 13, 1925 in West Plains, Missouri. He was raised in Danville, Illinois. Van Dyke now lives in Malibu, California. During his early years, Van Dyke use to work as a weather man.

Marriages and family
Van Dyke has been married to Margie Willett in 1948 until they divorced in 1984. He was married to Arlene Silver since 2012. Van Dyke had been partners with Michelle Triola from 1976 until her death from lung cancer in 2009. Van Dyke has 4 children and one grandson.

Awards
He has won a Grammy Award, a Tony Award, and an Emmy Award. He has been honored a Disney Legend Award in 1999. He was given The Life Achievement Award from the Screen Actors Guild in 2013.

In 2021, Van Dyke was honored with the Kennedy Center Honors.

Personal life
Van Dyke was a heavy cigarette smoker for most of his life. He has been using Nicorette gum since 2003.

In April 2013, Van Dyke revealed that he has been displaying symptoms of a neurological disorder since 2006, but despite undergoing tests no diagnosis has been made. In 2013 the actor stated that his dental-related implants might be responsible.

On August 19, 2013, it was reported that Van Dyke, age 87, was rescued from inside his Jaguar by a passerby as the actor's car caught fire on a Los Angeles-area highway. He was not injured in the fire. The car burned down to its frame.

References

Other websites

 
 

1925 births
Living people
Actors from Missouri
Actors from Illinois
American movie actors
American movie producers
American musical theatre actors
American radio actors
American radio personalities
American stage actors
American television actors
American television producers
American voice actors
Comedians from Illinois
Emmy Award winning actors
Grammy Award winners
Kennedy Center honorees
Movie producers from Illinois
People from Danville, Illinois
People from Malibu, California
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Singers from Illinois
Singers from Missouri
Television personalities from Illinois
Tony Award winning actors
Writers from Illinois
Writers from Missouri
Eli Herschel Wallach (December 7, 1915 – June 24, 2014) was an American movie, television, voice, and stage actor who gained fame during the late 1950s. For his performance as Silva Vacarro in Baby Doll, he won a BAFTA Award for Best Newcomer, an Honorary Academy Award, an Emmy Award, a Tony Award, and a Golden Globe Award nomination.

Early life
Wallach was born on December 7, 1915 in Red Hook, Brooklyn, New York and studied at the University of Texas at Austin, City College of New York, and at the Neighborhood Playhouse School of Theatre.

Career
Wallach's famous roles are Tuco in The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, Calvera in The Magnificent Seven, and as Mr. Freeze in Batman. Other roles includes; Don Altobello in The Godfather Part III, Cotton Weinberger in The Two Jakes, and Arthur Abbott in The Holiday. He is still an active actor even in his nineties and being in films as in Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps and in The Ghost Writer.

Personal life
Wallach was married to Anne Jackson since 1948. They had three children. His great nephew was movie critic A. O. Scott. Wallach lived in East Hampton, New York.

Wallach, during a set of a movie he was in, accidentally drank from a bottle of acid that a technician had carelessly placed next to his soda bottle. He spat it out quickly, but was angry because his vocal cords could have been damaged if he had swallowed any of it.

Death
Wallach died at his home in New York City, New York from natural causes on June 24, 2014, aged 98.

References

Other websites

 
 

Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
Academy Award winning actors
Tony Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
BAFTA Award winners
Deaths from natural causes
1915 births
2014 deaths
In Australia, the outstation movement is the movement of Australian Aboriginal people from large towns to much smaller communities, called outstations. It is mostly seen in the Northern Territory and amongst the people of the Western Desert.

Before the 20th century, most Aboriginal families lived by themselves or in groups of 20–30 people. They were nomadic (moving from place to place), hunting and foraging across the deserts. As Euro-Australians started to build roads, towns and farms on Aboriginal lands, the native people were forced out. They had to move off their lands into towns or missions. There, the government would give them food, water and clothes.

This way of life did not suit them. In the towns, there were many conflicts between different ethnic groups, people became addicted to alcohol, and many of them died from foreign diseases. Many groups were also far away from their traditional homelands, which were important to them and their spirituality. From the 1970s, many families started to move away from the towns. They returned to the places they grew up, and set up smaller communities.

One of the main reasons behind the movement is for Aboriginal people to get back autonomy and self-sufficiency. The communities manage themselves, as nomadic groups (or "tribe") did many years before. Hunting and foraging – getting their own food, and food for everybody – is still important.

References

Indigenous Australian politics
Indigenous Australian history
Indigenous land rights
The Santa Catalina Rattlesnake (Crotalus catalinensis), also known as the "Santa Catalina Island Rattlesnake", is a species of venomous Pit viper found on Santa Catalina Island. There are currently no subspecies recognized.

Description 
The Santa Catalina Rattlesnake is a small and slender species of rattlesnake. It can grow up to the length of 73.1 centimeters (28.8 in), and is known for being one of the few rattlesnakes which don't have a rattle on the end of their tail. Some Santa Catalina Rattlesnakes are light cream in color with reddish-brown blotches down their back, while some are ash gray with dark gray blotches on them.

Where it lives
The Santa Catalina Rattlesnake is found on Santa Catalina Island in the Gulf of California.

Behavior
While other rattlesnakes of the genus "Crotalus" are mainly terrestrial (live on land), the Santa Catalina Rattlesnake's small size makes it very good climber. In July, the hottest month on Santa Catalina Island, the Santa Catalina Rattlesnake is found on branches of bushes and trees so they can escape the heat on the ground.

Feeding 
Since the Santa Catalina Rattlesnake lives mainly in trees, scientist first thought this rattlesnake eats birds, but scientist have now found out that around 70% of the Santa Catalina Rattlesnake's diet is made up of small mammals like the Santa Catalina Deer Mouse, and around 30% is made up of lizards like the Santa Catalina Desert Iguana and the Santa Catalina Side-blotched lizard.

References

Vipers
Claire Conner McCaskill (born July 24, 1953) is an American politician. She was the United States Senator from Missouri from 2007 to 2019. She is a member of the U.S. Democratic Party. She was the first female elected to the Senate of United States in her own right. Before being elected to United States Senate McCaskill was the Missouri State Auditor from 1999 to 2007. She is a native of Rolla and a graduate of the University of Missouri.

McCaskill lost to Josh Hawley by nearly 9% in her re-election bid in 2018.

References

Other websites

US Democratic Party politicians
United States senators from Missouri
1953 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
Arlene Carol Dahl (August 11, 1925 – November 29, 2021) was an American actress. She was a former MGM contract star. Dahl became famous in the 1950s. She was born in Minneapolis and starred in many movies. She was the mother of actor Lorenzo Lamas.

Dahl died on November 29, 2021 at her home in New York City, aged 96.

References

Actors from Minneapolis, Minnesota
American television actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
1925 births
2021 deaths
The Didache (pronounced "did ah kay") or The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles is an early Christian hand book. It was written in the first or early second century AD.
It gives information about Christian ethics, rituals such as baptism and Eucharist, and Church organization.

References

Other websites 
Greek text
English translations

Christian texts
Ancient Christianity
Youth Riding a Rooster is a red-figure plate painted by Epiktetos about 520–510 BC. Its diameter measures 7 3/8 in. (18.7 cm). The plate is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. It shows a boy riding a rooster. It was a rare subject among ancient artists. It probably references homosexual relations between older men and youths. It also references the practice among Greek males of giving a rooster as a love gift.

The vase scholar Sir John Beazley wrote in 1918 in Attic Red-Figured Vases in American Museums (p. 18): "The best of [Epiktetos] is in his plates. You cannot draw better, you can only draw differently. Epiktetos' people are all lightness and fairy grace, as if they belonged to a world where passion and pain were unknown, to those 'woods of Athens' where Oberon reigned in the days before 'the middle summer's spring'".

The plate was discovered in Vulci in 1828. Twenty years later it became the possession of the second marquess of Northampton. On July 2, 1980, his great-great-grandson, the seventh marquess, sold it with other pottery at Christie's in London.

References

Other websites 
 

Ancient Greek paintings
Ancient Greek pottery
Paintings and pottery by Epiktetos
Footrace on a Panathenaic Amphora is a depiction of an ancient Greek footrace on a terracotta amphora dated about 530 BC. It is said to be by the Euphiletos Painter. The height of the amphora is  tall. 

The amphora would have been filled with olive oil from the sacred groves at Athens then given as a prize to the winner of a footrace in the Panathenaic Games at Athens. These games were held every four years. The amphora is held in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. 

These prize amphores were made to a standardized shape, held about 42 quarts, and were decorated in the black-figure technique. An armed Athena was depicted on the front of the amphora and a picture of the sport on the back. This amphora depicts five men and a youth. 

The museum writes, "Notice the wealth of incised lines depicting musculature, a preoccupation of Greek artists for centuries to come ... An inscription on the front of the amphora gives not only the official designation of the vase as a prize, but also the signature of the potter, Nikias, a rare occurrence on pots of this shape."

References 
 

Ancient Greek paintings
Ancient Greek pottery
Greg Louganis (born January 29, 1960) is an American Olympic diver and author. He was born in El Cajon, California. He is of Samoan and Swedish descent and was adopted by a Greek-American couple. He received a James E. Sullivan Award from the Amateur Athletic Union. He won a silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.

Career 
Two years later, Louganis received his first world title in a tower event. He won many gold medals each at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles and 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.

Personal life 
Greg Louganis is openly gay. He was diagnosed with HIV in 1988. He wrote the book Breaking the Surface about his life.

References

American adoptees
American autobiographers
LGBT people from California
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
Divers
Gay men
LGBT Olympians
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
People with HIV/AIDS
Sportspeople from California
Writers from California
1960 births
Living people
Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou ( , ; 5 July 19112 April 1974) was a French politician. He was the President of the French Republic from 20 June 1969 until 2 April 1974. He was born in Cantal. He fought in World War II. 

He also was Prime Minister of France from 14 April 1962 until 10 July 1968. In 1968, he was elected president. He died of lymphoma in Paris. He is the only French president of the French Fifth Republic to die in office.

Other websites

Cancer deaths in France
Deaths from lymphoma
French military people 
French people of World War II
Prime Ministers of France

Presidents of France
1911 births
1974 deaths
John Deszo Ratzenberger (born April 6, 1947 in Bridgeport, Connecticut) is an American actor, voice actor, and entrepreneur.

Career
He is best known for his role as Cliff Clavin in Cheers and for his role in all of the Pixar animated movies which includes; Hamm in Toy Story, Toy Story 2, Toy Story 3, Toy Story 4 and Woody's Roundup: The Movie, P.T. Flea in A Bug's Life, The Abominable Snowman in Monsters, Inc., the school of Moonfish in Finding Nemo, The Underminer in The Incredibles and in The Incredibles 2, Mack the Truck in Cars, Cars 2 and in Cars 3, Mustafa the waiter in Ratatouille, John in WALL-E, Tom the construction worker in Up, Gordon the Guard in Brave, The Abominable Snowman in Monsters University, Fritz in Inside Out, Earl in The Good Dinosaur, Bill the Crab in Finding Dory and as Juan Ortodoncia in Coco.

Personal life
Ratzenberger was married to Georgia Stiny from 1985 until they divorced in 2004. Ratzenberger has a son James John (b. 1987), and a daughter Nina Kathrine (b. 1989). Ratzenberger is a Republican.

References

Other websites

 

1947 births
American television actors
American movie actors
Republicans (United States)
Actors from Bridgeport, Connecticut
Pixar
Living people
American voice actors
Shaivism is a form of Hinduism, which sees Shiva as the most important deity. In practice, there are different branches of Shaivism.  Shaivism is common in  India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. It can also be found in  Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia.
Shaivism are routed from southern part of India, mainly from present day Tamil Nadu, The oldest shiva temples in the state are living proof for that..Major Kings ruled Southern India also considered Lord Siva as their God

Hinduism
Wilbert "Bill" Cobbs (born June 16, 1934) is an American movie and television actor. He has starred in over 120 movies and television programs.

Personal life 
Cobbs was born on June 16, 1934 in Cleveland, Ohio. Cobbs is the second cousin of the late African American actor James Baskett.

Career 
Cobbs career began during 1973 in the movie Santa Buddies: The Legend of Santa Paws. He is known for his role in The Bodyguard. Cobbs latest appearance was in The Muppets (2011) and in Oz the Great and Powerful (2013). Cobbs is not married and lives in Los Angeles, California and in New York City, New York. Cobbs continues to act.

References

Other websites 

 

1934 births
American movie actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Living people
Actors from Cleveland, Ohio
African American actors
American television actors
A world line is the unique path that an object has as it travels through both space and time, usually called spacetime. As we learn from special relativity, the faster an object goes, the more time slows down for that object.  As you can see in the illustration to the right, the slower object has a quicker passage of time than the very fast object, the one which time passes much more slowly for. When an object reaches the speed of light, it will be zero on the t axis, meaning that it will have made no progress in the time direction. Basically, the world lines show that when the speed of light is reached, time stops for the observer. World lines are very often used in theoretical physics and special relativity, as well as general relativity.

Usage 
The concept of world lines is used widely in theoretical physics, for it shows some interesting facts about high-speed motion. For example, the time dilation equation presented by Albert Einstein is algebraically undefined when an object's velocity is the speed of light, but using world lines one can find that when the speed is the speed of light, time will stop. Although Einstein's equation (for time dilation) does show that an object going faster than light goes backward in time, the same concept can be described using world lines.

Physics
Vase in the Form of a Phallus is an ancient Greek terracotta vase in the form of a flaccid, uncircumcised, penis. The scrotum and pubic hair are depicted. Its overall measurements are 4 ½ in. x 4 in. x 3 ½ in. (11.4 cm. x 10.2 cm. x 8.9 cm.). It dates back to the Archaic period, about  550 BC to 500 BC. Phallic vases are rare in Archaic Greek pottery, and this vase is thought to have held a perfumed oil, used for erotic or medicinal purposes. It is also believed to have been made in Rhodes. The museum writes that the vase displays a playfulness typical of Greek art.

References 
 

Ancient Greek paintings
Ancient Greek pottery
Noureddine Morceli (born February 28, 1970 in Ténès, Chlef Province) is a retired Algerian athlete.  He won the 1500 m run at the 1996 Summer Olympics. He won the silver medal in the 1500 m at the World Junior Championships in 1988. Morceli went to college in Riverside, California.

Morceli was coached by his brother Abderrahmane.  His brother ran for Algeria in the Moscow Olympics of 1980 and in Los Angeles in 1984.

References

1970 births
Living people
1992 Summer Olympics
1996 Summer Olympics
2000 Summer Olympics
Algerian Olympic gold medalists
Male athletes
George Homer Ryan, Sr. (born February 24 1934) is an American politician. He is a Republican. He was the former Governor of Illinois. He is a member for the United States Republican Party. His political career was tarnished due to scandals and corruption: Ryan was found guilty on almost all charges and sent to prison. He was released in 2013. Ryan was Illinois' Governor beginning 1999 until 2003. He is listed as Federal Inmate Number 16627-424, and was scheduled July 4, 2013. He was released in June 2013.

References

American criminals
Governors of Illinois
Politicians from Iowa
Lieutenant Governors of Illinois
US Republican Party politicians
1934 births
Living people
Pharmacists
Nouria Mérah-Benida (born October 19, 1970 in Algiers) is an Algerian middle distance runner.

At the 1999 All-Africa Games in Johannesburg Mérah-Benida won silver medals in both 800 metres and 1500 metres. At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney she won the gold medal. In 2000 she also won an 800 m silver medal and a 1500 m gold medal at the African Championships.

References

1970 births
Living people
Algerian Olympic gold medalists
Female athletes
People from Algiers
Djabir Saïd-Guerni (born March 29, 1977 in Algiers) is an Algerian retired athlete. He ran in the 800 metres. He won a bronze medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics.

He announced his retirement on 6 May 2007, following injury problems. His personal best time was 1:43.09 minutes.  He got this in September 1999 in Brussels.

Achievements 
2005 World Championships in Athletics - fifth place
2004 Olympic Games - seventh place
2003 World Championships in Athletics - gold medal
2002 IAAF World Cup - silver medal
2002 African Championships in Athletics - gold medal
2000 Olympic Games - bronze medal
2000 African Championships in Athletics - gold medal
2000 African Championships in Athletics - gold medal (4 x 400 m relay)
1999 World Championships in Athletics - bronze medal
1999 Summer Universiade - fourth place
1999 Military World Games - gold medal
1999 All-Africa Games - silver medal
1998 African Championships in Athletics - bronze medal
1997 Pan Arab Games - 800 m gold medal, 1500 m bronze, 4x400 m relay gold
1997 Mediterranean Games - bronze medal
1997 Summer Universiade - fourth place

References
 
 IAAF Focus on Athletes

1977 births
Living people
Algerian Olympic bronze medalists
People from Algiers
Abderrahmane Hammad Zaheer (born May 27, 1977 in Dellys) is a former Algerian track and field athlete.  He was in the high jump. He won the bronze medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics.  He was also in the 2004 Athens Olympics. His personal best of 2.34 m is the Algerian record for the event. He retired from the sport in 2010.

Hammad began his international career as a junior in 1994.  He won the high jump silver medals at the African Junior Athletics Championships and Pan Arab Junior Championships. He went on to win the African Junior gold medal the following year.  Then he won the Arab Junior title in 1996. He was at the 1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics but did not make it into the final round.

Hammad had his first international success at senior level in 1997.  He won the silver at both the Pan Arab Championships and the 1997 Pan Arab Games.

The 2000 season was the top of his career.  He kept his title at the 2000 African Championships in Athletics in Algiers.  He made his areer best jump of 2.34 m. He then was in his first Olympicss at the 2000 Sydney Games. He won the bronze medal. He won the high jump at the 2001 Mediterranean Games.  He was ninth at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics. He won his third high jump title in a row at the 2002 African Championships in Athletics.  He took bronze at the 2002 IAAF Grand Prix Final.  He placed fourth for Africa at the 2002 IAAF World Cup.

He represented Algeria for a second time at the Olympics at the 2004 Games in Athens.  He failed to reach the final. He was at the 2004 Pan Arab Games and took the high jump title.

Achievements
2004 Pan Arab Games - gold medal
2002 IAAF Grand Prix Final - third place
2002 African Championships - gold medal
2001 Mediterranean Games - gold medal
2000 Summer Olympics - bronze medal
2000 African Championships - gold medal
1999 All-Africa Games - silver medal
1998 African Championships - gold medal
1997 Arab Championships - silver medal
1997 Pan Arab Games - silver medal

References

1977 births
Living people
Algerian Olympic bronze medalists
Soraya Haddad (born September 30, 1984 in El-Kseur) is an Algerian judoka. She won the bronze medal in the Women's 52 kg weight class at the 2008 Summer Olympics. She was African champion four times: 2004, 2005, 2008 and 2011.  She also won the bronze medal in the 48 kg category in the 2005 World Championships in Egypt.

References 

1984 births
Living people
Algerian Olympic bronze medalists
Judoka
2008 Summer Olympics
Amar Benikhlef (born 11 January 1982) is an Algerian judoka.  He won the silver medal in the 90 kg group of Judo in 2008.

Achievements

References
 Factfile on JudoInside.com

1982 births
Living people
Judoka
Algerian Olympic medalists
Olympic silver medalists
is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a hammer thrower who took part in four Summer Olympic Games.

Early life
Murofushi was born in Numazu, Shizuoka Prefecture. His family were international sports competitors. His early interest in the hammer was encouarged by his father, Shigenobu Murofushi, who is an Olympic athlete and Asian Games champion.  He is the brother of Yuka Murofushi, who is also an Olympian.

Career
Murofushi won the gold medal in the hammer throw at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

He won the bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 Japan at the Olympics

References

Other websites
   Koji Murofush at International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF)

1974 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic gold medalists
Japanese Olympic bronze medalists
People from Shizuoka Prefecture
Lachesis, also known as the "bushmasters", is a genus of venomous Pit vipers found in forests of Central and South America. The name "Lachesis" is also the name of one of the Three Fates in Greek mythology. There are currently three species found.

Description
Adult bushmasters can grow up to the length of 2 meters (6.5 ft) to 2.5 meters (8.25 ft), but there have been some which have grown up to the length of 3 meters (10 ft). The largest one ever found was 3.65 meters (12 ft) long, making the bushmasters the longest venomous snakes in the Western Hemisphere and the longest vipers in the world. They are not the heaviest vipers in the world, but adults usually weigh up to 3 to 5 kg (6.6 to 11 Ib).

Where they live 
Bushmasters are found in forest areas of Central and South America. They are also found on the island Trinidad

Reproduction
Bushmasters are oviparous: they lay eggs. This makes bushmasters different to other pit vipers found in the New World, because other pit vipers are viviparous,  they give live birth instead of laying eggs. A female can lay around a dozen eggs at a time. The female stays with her eggs until they have hatched and may attack any predator that comes near the nest.

Venom
The bushmasters are one of the largest and dangerous snakes in South America, and can inject a large amount of venom into their enemies. Even young bushmaster's bites are harmful, but bushmasters are nocturnal (they are active at night), so not a lot of people have been bitten by them.

Species
 Black-headed bushmaster, L. melanocephala
 South American bushmaster, L. muta
 Central American bushmaster, L. stenophrys

References 

Vipers
Leonid Georgievich Yengibarov (; ; March 15, 1935 – July 25, 1972) was a Soviet clown and actor.

Yengibarov was born in Moscow. His father was Armenian. His mother was Russian. He started his career as a boxer. In 1955 he joined the State School of Circus Art. After graduation in 1959 he moved to Yerevan and joined the Armenian state circus.

He was one of the first Soviet clowns to create the poetic, intellectual clownery. He was invited to work in cinema. His first film was A Path to the Arena.

In 1960s he was known as one of the best clowns in the USSR and Eastern bloc. He created a pantomime troupe, and managed to stage only a single piece, "Star Rain" before his death in 1972.

Family 
Wife: Jarmila Galamkova

Daughter: Barbara Yengibarova (Born in 1965)

Filmography 
1963: A Path to the Arena, Путь на арену
1964: Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors, Тени забытых предков
1966: Aybolit-66, Айболит-66 
1971: A Necklace for My Beloved, Ожерелье для моей любимой. (Comedy, directed by Tengiz Abuladze, cast in the Georgian SSR, Soviet Union) 
1972: Stoves-Benches, Печки-лавочки

Films about him
Please meet Leonid Yengibarov,
2 Leonid 2, 2 Леонид 2

1935 births
1972 deaths
Actors from Moscow
Armenian actors
Clowns
Russian movie actors
Soviet movie actors