Group Sounds (グループ・サウンズ, Gurūpu saunzu) or GS is a group of people who perform and sing, centered on electric instruments such as electric guitars and electric basses. It is said that it was influenced by rock groups such as The Ventures, The Beatles, and The Rolling Stones in Europe and the United States, and it became popular in Japan from 1960 to 1971.

History 
Generally speaking, "Group Sounds" refers to rock groups that were active mainly in jazz and go-go cafes in the late 1960s. This genre has some common because many groups have organized lead vocals, electric guitars, electric bass, & drums.

Exceptionally, there was a group of vocalists such as the early The Happenings Four, a guitarless GS, and the early Sharp Hawks, a chorus GS with a professional electric band in the background. In May 1965, while the popularity of British rock bands such as The Beatles spread to Japan, Shōchi Tanabe and The Spiders released "Furi Furi", which is considered to be the first Group Sounds record. In March 1966, Jackey Yoshikawa & His Blue Comets announced their first album "Blue Eyes".

This year after the Beatles' performance in Japan in June 30, the groups began to sing while playing musical instruments such as electric guitars will debut one after another in Japan. In response to this, the youth entertainment magazine "Weekly Meisei", began to collectively call these groups and music "Group Sounds" or "GS", and the name became widespread. There are several theories. There is a theory that Takeshi Terauchi said that in 1965 when asked about the genre of Blue Jeans at that time, "It's a group sound" and "But it's a singular form, so Group Sounds is better".

Blue Jeans were influenced by The Ventures. Those who were active as professional bands before the Beatles' performance in Japan, such as Blue Jeans, Blue Comets and The Spiders, and those who played blues rock like The Golden Cups and The Tempters, The are some bands title from amateurs, such as The Tigers and The Jaguars, were formed by students who were influenced by "The Beatles" and "Rolling Stones". In this way, even with GS, the musicality of each group varied considerably. The music industry at that time was still old, and entertainment professionals and record companies wanted to ask professional composers and lyricists to write music for GS upcoming songs.

Therefore, the Tempters and The Golden Cups, who played mainly their favorite Western rock music at concerts and recitals, felt a backlash. Some groups, like The Golden Cups, adhered to the policy of never playing singles like "Long-Haired Girl" at live performances. Jackey Yoshikawa & His Blue Comets and The Spiders became popular groups in the early days of the GS boom, and The Tigers, The Tempters, and Ox became popular in the middle and late stages of the GS boom.

However, The Spiders, The Blue Comets, and The Golden Cups were also popular GS comparable to them. Since the 2000s, PYG, which debuted in 1971, has been re-evaluated. At the time of the 1960s, Japan was a society with a feudal side with strong fatherhood, and elements such as long hair and electric guitar were linked to badness and juvenile delinquency, and the wind from the general public was very strong. As a result, some high school students who went to see Group Sounds concerts were either suspended or dropped out to created their own band. In addition, junior high schools and high schools that prohibited going to concerts appeared one after another. At an outdoor concert at The Tigers' Nara Ayame Pond in November 1967, a fan fell and was seriously injured. Therefore, NHK cut the appearance part of The Tigers that had already been recorded in "Grand Show of Song", and after that, with the exception of Jackey Yoshikawa and his Blue Comets who had short hair, long-haired group sounds come and was banned due to poor rating.

In May 1968, a concert admission ticket forgery by a high school girl fan of The Tigers also occurred. A series of girls who actually fainted due to the fainting performance that Ox performed on the stage, and this triggered the antipathy of PTA and educators. And to prevent accidents, theaters and local governments appeared that Group Sounds bands did not provide concert venues.In the special feature of "Record Collectors", record companies who want to appoint professional songwriters to the GS group who aimed to make their own performances by hiring songwriters such as Rei Nakanishi, Kunihiko Murai, Kyōhei Tsutsumi, Kunihiko Suzuki and other songwriters. Since they hired as composer, they couldn't do it even if the writers wanted to cover Western music rock.

In the 1960s, there were several professional female GSs (belonging to the office), including Pinky Chicks, Chikako Matsuda, and Tokyo Pink Pearls. Only Pinky Chicks has released a record. Some female GS members were able to release disco records in the 70's. Later, a surf rock-style Golden Half also debuted their records. Their album, "Beyond the Sun", was a cover of Astro Notes. Emy Jackson was a solo singer who made her debut on Philips Records as an English=born citizen, but during the heyday of GS, Akiko Nakamura, Jun Mayuzumi, Michi Aoyama, Rumi Koyama, Aki Izumi and others also made their debut. Akiko Nakamura's "Nijiiro no Lake", Jun Mayuzumi's "Tenshi no Yuwaku" and "Koi no Hallelujah" were big hits in the music rating.

Jun Mayuzumi's "Saturday Night, something happens" is a representative song of the female version of GS. In addition to the hit song, Ichiro Araki, a male singer and songwriter, released an ambitious work, "I'm in Rockland with you." It was the cult GS that came to the forefront in the 1990s, about 20 years after the GS was over. The Genova's "Saharin's Light Doesn't Extinguish" and The Voltage's "It's a Man's Man's World" are examples of cult GS works.

The GS boom peaked around the summer of 1968, and more than 100 groups made their record debuts, but in the spring of 1969, major members withdrew from popular groups such as The Tigers, The Carnabeats, and OX, and again. Jackey Yoshikawa and his Blue Comets even recorded songs on a mood song line. Around 1970, the GS boom came to an end, and in 1971, most groups were disbanded or disappeared spontaneously. After that, among the people who served as lead vocals in the popular Group Sounds, there are many people who continue to be active on the entertainment such as solo singers, musicians, actors, and talents even after the group disbanded. In addition, there are some people who have served as other musical instrument parts, such as actors, composers, studio musicians, music producers, and entertainment agency managers, who are among the important figures in the entertainment world.

From 1988 to 1990, a group called the Tigers Memorial Club Band was formed, and the hit songs of that time were released one after another. In addition, Kyosei Iwamoto, who was imitating Kenji Sawada, was impressed by them and formed a band with Katsumi Kahashi, Taro Morimoto, Shiro Kishibe and The Tigers Mania among members of The Tigers in 1993. "Victim of Romance" has been released. Meanwhile, The Wild Ones was reunited in 1981 and is still active to this day.

In addition, Jackey Yoshikawa and his Blue Comets did not dissolve (still preferred Blue Comets as GS took the form of dissolution & reorganization in the fall of 1972) and continued activities while repeating member changes, and after the death of Daisuke Inoue in 2000, the heyday We are returning to the organization of the remaining four people. Both The Tigers and The Wild Ones belonged to Watanabe Productions during the heyday of GS.

In 2002, Village Singers' "The Girl with Flaxen Hair" was covered by Hitomi Shimatani and became a smash hit. GS was treated for a long time as a so-called "old-fashioned melody" after the boom had passed. However, research by Susumu Kurosawa, a GS researcher from the mid-1980s, and re-verification by Haruo Chikada have been carried out, and it has attracted some attention. The Mops are also evaluated overseas as "psychedelic rock" and "garage rock". In Japan, re-edited albums by label, albums by genre, and CD recurrences with the same paper jacket specifications at the time of release were released one after another. Kyohei Tsutsumi provided the songs for C-C-B, which appeared in the mid-1980s. At about the same time, a phenomenon was seen in which a younger generation of GS fans played GS-style songs mainly at live houses in Tokyo. Representative bands at that time include The Phantom Gift and The Collectors. This movement was featured in some media, but it was a small phenomenon. After that, Dixied, Emons and others inherited GS.

Even after the 21st century, GS-style rock bands and GS followers such as Kinoko Hotel, The Captains, and The Shallows have been born. Since 2010, bands such as The Juliannes was created by former Jackey Yoshikawa and Tsunaki Mihara of Blue Comets have been created.

Group Sound bands in Japan 

 Village Singers
 Ox
 The Carnabeats
 The Golden Cups
 The Spiders (also known as Shōchi Tanabe and The Spiders)
 The Jaguars
 Blue Comets (also known as Jackey Yoshikawa & His Blue Comets)
 The Tigers
 The Tempters
 The Wild Ones (also known as Kunihiko Kase and The Wild Ones)

Other Group Sound bands 

 Outcast (Key. Yusuke Hoguchi)
 Adams
 Munetaka Inoue and His Sharp Five: Song "Recollection"
 The Van Dogs
 Yuya Uchida & The Flowers (with Yuya Uchida & Remi Asō as lead vocalists)
 Hideaki Eda & The Blaze
 The Edwards (guitarist Goro Oishi): Song "Cry Cry Cry"
 Olive
 The Gullivers
 The Kippers
 The Kings
 The Cougars
 The Silencers
 The Sunny Five
 The Savage (with bass player Akira Terao)
 The Sommers
 The Jet Brothers
 The Genova: The song "Saharin's Light Doesn't Extinguish"
 The Sherrys
 The Giants
 The Sherwood
 Sharp Hawks (with vocalist Rikiya Yasuoka)
 Swing West (also known as The Swing West, and others) (with vocalist Masayuki Yuhara)
 Skeletons
 Zoo Nee Voo (with vocalist Yoshito Machida)
 The Sparrows (with vocal guitarist Naoki Nakamoto)
 The Spirit
 The Dynamites (with vocalist Hiroshi Segawa & guitarist Fujio Yamaguchi)
 The Darts
 The Taxman
 The Termites
 The Daveys
 Terry & Blue Jeans, The Bunnys
 The Silver Foxes (also known as The Silvia Fox)
 The Napoleon
 The Happenings Four (with keyboardist Kuni Kawachi & music director Chito Kawachi)
 Purple Shadows
 The Baronets
 The Baron (with group leader Hiroaki Serizawa & bass player Etsurō Wakakonai)
 The Beavers (with vocalist Ken Narita & guitarist Hideki Ishima)
 The Fingers (with guitarist Shigeru Narumo)
 The Phoenix (with vocalist Shinya Tsubaki)
 4・9・1 (Four・Nine・One) (with vocalist Joe Yamanaka)
 Blue Charmes (with keyboardist Kōji Makaino)
 The Freshmen
 The Floral (with vocalist Chu Kosaka & keyboardist Hiro Yanagida)
 The White Kicks
 The Voltage: Song "It's a Man's Man's World"
 The Mikes (with guitarist Mike Maki & vocalist Kyoko Takada)
 The Mammys
 Mickey Curtis & The Samurai
 The MOJO
 The Mops (also known as Mops) (with vocalist Hiromitsu Suzuki & guitarist Katsu Hoshi)
 The Youngers
 The Lions
 The Love
 The Launchers
 Ringers
 The Lind & Linders
 The Rubies
 The Rangers
 Leo Beats
 The Wonders (with vocalist and celebrity Kiyohiko Ozaki)

Group Sounds of Foreigners 

 The Cracknuts
 D'Swooners

Women's Group Sounds 

 Pinky Chicks

Solo GS singers 

 Akiko Nakamura
 Jun Mayuzumi
 Ichiro Araki

Neo GS 

 Neo GS # Neo GS band

New Generation Group Sounds 

 KINOKOHOTEL
 The Captains
 The Shallows

Music genres
Japanese music