cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
"Frinkcoin" is the 13th episode of the 31st season of The Simpsons. It was first shown on television in the United States on the Fox network on February 23, 2020. In the episode, Professor Frink makes a new cryptocurrency. The episode was watched by 1.84 million people when it was first shown on television.

Plot 

The Simpson family are eating at a vegan restaurant, wanting Lisa to pick them for a project at school. She chooses Professor Frink because he wants to help the world with science. At Springfield University, Lisa interviews Professor Frink. Frink says he is making a new cryptocurrency called Frinkcoin.

Frinkcoin becomes well known, making Frink the richest man in Springfield. Mr. Burns is angry because he is no longer the richest man in Springfield. Frink feels lonely, so Marge says that he should go to Moe's Tavern. Frink gets every question correct in Moe's trivia questions, so they become friends with Frink. Frink shows his friends Springfield's best places. Smithers gets a team of people to create a cryptocurrency for Mr. Burns. The team creates an equation to make Frinkcoin worth nothing, but it will take thousands of years to calculate. Instead, Mr. Burns tells Frink that his friends only like him because he is rich.

Burns brings the equation to Springfield for a crowdsourcing solution. Frink finds out that his friends only like him because he is rich. Frink solves the equation himself, but only Lisa knows. Frink loses all of his money, but he is happy to be friends with Lisa and to go back to his university.

Reception 

Dennis Perkins of The A.V. Club gave the episode a score of B and says that the episode "uses the cryptocurrency concept as an excuse for a largely successful exercise in side-character development." Den of Geek gave the episode a 4 out of 5 stars and says "'Frinkcoin' is a satisfying episode" and  that Lisa and Frink's actions add up to a "solid half hour investment."

References

Other websites 

The Simpsons (season 31) episodes
2020 television episodes
Ace High (, literally translated as "The Four of the Hail Mary") is a 1968 Italian western movie directed by Giuseppe Colizzi and starring Eli Wallach, Bud Spencer, Terence Hill, Brock Peters, Kevin McCarthy, Bruno Corazzari, Rick Boyd. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and is the second part of the Italian western trilogy.

Other websites
 
 

1968 movies
1960s western movies
Italian movies
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by Giuseppe Colizzi
Postal Index Number is also called as Pincode. It is used in India For Post office Numbering or post office system. It is also used for couriering in India. It is used by
India Post and many courier Company. It is six digit long code to identify the city or area

References

India
Postal codes
Esme & Roy is an animated children's television series created by Dustin Ferrer and Amy Steinberg. The series is produced by Canada-based animation studio Nelvana and Sesame Street creator Sesame Workshop, in association with Corus Entertainment.

The show follows a little girl named Esme and her best friend, a monster named Roy, who take care of all kinds of creatures when their regular guardians need aid. Esme & Roy was broadcast simultaneously on HBO in the United States and Treehouse TV in Canada on August 18, 2018.

On May 6, 2019, it was announced that it was renewed for a second season. It was also announced Summer 2019 that season one would premiere on PBS Kids Family Night on August 30 or August 31, 2019 depending on the local station, with regular airtime on Saturday and Sunday mornings on the 24/7 PBS Kids Channel only thereafter. In September 2019, it was announced new episodes of the show would be moving from HBO to HBO Max starting with the second season. The second season will also begin airing at an unknown date on PBS Kids.

References

2010s television series
2018 television series debuts
American television series
Animated television series
Canadian television series
English-language television programs
Aurangabad is a Indian reservatory center in in the Aurangabad district in India. It is famous for a cement plant and World Best Deo Surya Mandir. There are two main languages spoken in Aurangabad - Marathi and Hindi.

Settlements in Bihar
Cities in India
Arie Slob (born November 16, 1961 in Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel) is a Dutch politician of the ChristianUnion (CU).

Slob studied history and went into politics, first on behalf of the Reformed Political Alliance (GPV), later on of its successor the ChristianUnion.

Slob was a councillor of Zwolle and a member of the House of Representatives. From 2017 to 2022, he was minister for education for children and teenagers in the Third Rutte cabinet.

References 
 Parlement.com

1961 births
Living people
ChristianUnion politicians
Dutch Calvinists
Dutch councillors
Former leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Politicians from South Holland
Columbia County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the county has a population of 49,351 people. The county seat is St. Helens. It was named after the Columbia River, which forms its eastern and northern borders.

Oregon counties
Grant County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the county has a population of 7,445 people. The county seat is Canyon City.

Oregon counties
Polk County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, 75,403 people lived there which makes it the smallest populous county in the Willamette Valley. The county seat is Dallas. It is in the Willamette Valley.

Oregon counties
Le Thor is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

References 

Communes in Vaucluse
Kangaroo is a 1952 American Australian western movie directed by Lewis Milestone and stars Maureen O'Hara, Peter Lawford, Finlay Currie, Richard Boone. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was remade as The Jackals in 1967.

Other websites
 
 

1952 movies
1950s western movies
American western movies
Australian movies
Movies set in Australia
Movies directed by Lewis Milestone
My Sister Eileen is a 1955 American musical comedy movie directed by Richard Quine and based on the autobiographical short stories by Ruth McKenney. It stars Janet Leigh, Jack Lemmon, Betty Garrett, Bob Fosse, Dick York, Adelle August and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

Other websites
 

1955 comedy movies
1950s musical movies
American musical movies
American comedy movies
Movies based on short stories
Movies directed by Richard Quine
Wikitongues is an American non-profit organization registered in New York. Its goal is to document all the languages in the world.  It was founded by Frederico Andrade, Daniel Bogre Udell and Lindie Botes in 2014.

Oral histories

By May 2016, 329 videos in over 200 languages were recorded for Wikitongues. As of 2018, the amount of languages increased to 350 languages, or 5% of the languages in the world, with plans to increase the amount of languages to 1000 in the coming years.

Poly
Poly is an open-source software program designed to be used to share and learn languages. Wikitongues earned $52,716 USD combined from 429 backers on Kickstarter, which helped Poly be developed. Poly is currently under development.

Licenses
All videos recorded for Wikitongues are released under a CC-by-NC 4.0 license. It was recently made possible to use a CC-by-SA 4.0 license instead.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 Youtube channel
 Facebook page
 Instagram page
 Twitter page
 
 

2014 establishments in New York (state)
Non-profit organizations of New York
Linguistics
New York
The majority criterion is a single-winner voting system criterion, used to compare these systems.  The criterion says that "if one candidate is liked more by a majority (more than 50%) of voters than all other candidates, then that candidate must win".

Some voting methods that pass this criterion include any Condorcet method, instant-runoff voting, Bucklin voting, and plurality voting.

Supporters of other voting systems say that the majority criterion is actually bad, since it can lead to a tyranny of the majority where a candidate is elected who is loved by a little over half of the population and hated by everyone else.  Other systems may be better at electing consensus candidates who have broader support, which is argued to make them better representatives of the population as a whole.  These are described as "utilitarian" or "consensus-seeking" rather than "majoritarian".  Peter Emerson supports Borda count variants, and believes that majority rule is fundamentally flawed and leads to problems such as bitterness, division, and violence, citing Northern Ireland and Bosnia as examples. Note however that in a utilitarian system, when no broadly supported candidate exists, that a minority can beat a majority because their candidate had slightly more support; because of this, utilitarian methods may not always increase consensus.

The mutual majority criterion is a more broad form of the majority criterion which allows a majority to prefer multiple candidates over all of the other candidates, rather than only one; voting methods which pass the majority criterion but fail mutual majority can encourage all but one of the majority's preferred candidates to exit the election so that one of the majority-preferred candidates wins, creating a spoiler effect. The common choose-one First-past-the-post voting method is notable for this, because major political parties often attempt to prevent more than one of their candidates from running and splitting the vote, by using primary elections.

Comparison with the Condorcet criterion 
The majority criterion says that a candidate X should win if a majority of voters say "Yes" to the question 'Do you like X more than every other candidate?'.

The Condorcet criterion is stronger. It says that a candidate X should win if for every other candidate Y, more voters agree that they prefer X over Y than the number of voters who prefer Y to X.

Satisfaction of the Condorcet criterion implies that of the majority criterion, but not vice versa. With the Condorcet criterion there may be different majorities depending on who X and Y are, but the majority criterion only applies when there is a single majority which has X as their first choice, preferred over every other candidate.

(When saying that the Condorcet criterion is stronger than the majority criterion, the word criterion should be understood as a criterion that a voting system may or may not satisfy, not as a criterion that a candidate must pass in order to win the election.)

Related pages

 Mutual majority criterion
 Voting system
 Voting system criterion
 Condorcet criterion

References 

Voting systems
Proportionality for Solid Coalitions (PSC) is a voting system criterion for ranked voting systems. It is important for giving proportional representation for voters in multiple-winner ranked voting systems.

Solid coalitions 
A group of voters  is a solid coalition for a group of candidates , if every voter in  ranks every candidate in  ahead of every candidate that is not in .

Let  be the number of voters,  be the number of seats to be filled and  be some positive number.

–PSC 
–PSC is based on the Hare quota . If  is a solid coalition for  and the number of voters in  is at least  Hare quotas, then at least  candidates from  must be elected (if  has less than  candidates at all, then all of them have to be elected). This criterion was created by Michael Dummett.

–PSC 
–PSC is defined like –PSC, but is based on the Hagenbach-Bischoff quota  instead of the Hare quota, and the number of voters in  must exceed  Hagenbach-Bischoff quotas. It is a more general form of the majority criterion because it allows for groups of supported candidates (solid coalitions) instead of just one candidate, and there may be more than one candidate that will be elected. Because some authors call the fraction  a Droop quota, –PSC is also known as the Droop proportionality criterion.

Droop proportionality means that a majority-size solid coalition will always be able to elect at least half of the seats. This is because a majority is always over n/2 voters, and that will contain half of the Hagenbach-Bischoff quotas (There are (k+1) Hagenbach-Bischoff quotas in an election, since (n/(k+1)) * (k+1) = n, so (k+1)/2, which is half of the quotas * n/(k+1), which is the quota, = n/2).

References 

Voting systems
Tomoko Ogawa (小川誠子, April 1st, 1951 - November 15th, 2019) is a female 7-dan professional Go player at Nihon Ki-in.

Notable achievements and contributions

Japanese Books
 『石心之譜 ― 囲碁に生きるわれら五人の棋士』 in 1981, 
 『明解初級囲碁読本』 in 1994, 
 『囲碁 級位者のための本筋の打ち方』 in 1998, 
 『囲碁 級位者のための勝率アップの決め手』 in 2000,

Other websites
 Official profile at Nihon Ki-in

Notes

1951 births
2019 deaths
Japanese Go players
Sportswomen
Borrowing Matchsticks (, ) is a 1980 Finnish Russian comedy movie directed by Leonid Gaidai based on the novel by Algot Untola. It stars Yevgeny Leonov, Ritva Valkama, Vyacheslav Nevinny, Georgy Vitsin, Rita Polster, and Sergey Filippov

Other websites

1980 comedy movies
Finnish movies
Russian movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Leonid Gaidai
Winchester '73 is a 1950 American western movie directed by Anthony Mann and starring James Stewart, Shelley Winters, Dan Duryea, Stephen McNally, Rock Hudson, Millard Mitchell, Tony Curtis. It was distributed by Universal Pictures and was remade for television in 1967.

Other websites
 

1950 movies
1950s western movies
American western movies
Movies directed by Anthony Mann
Two Flags West is a 1950 American western movie directed by Robert Wise and starring Cornel Wilde, Joseph Cotten, Linda Darnell, Jeff Chandler, Dale Robertson. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites
 
 
 

1950 movies
1950s western movies
American western movies
Movies directed by Robert Wise
Born to Kill is a 1947 American crime drama movie directed by Robert Wise and based on the 1943 novel Deadlier than the Male by James Gunn. It stars Lawrence Tierney, Walter Slezak, Claire Trevor, Isabel Jewell, Esther Howard and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.

Other websites
 
 

1947 drama movies
1947 crime movies
1940s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Robert Wise
Movies set in Nevada
Hangman's House is a 1928 American romantic drama movie directed by John Ford and based on the novel by Brian Oswald Donn-Byrne. It stars Victor McLaglen, June Collyer, Larry Kent, Earle Fox, John Wayne and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites
 
 

1928 movies
1920s romance movies
1920s drama movies
1920s romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
American silent movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by John Ford
Movies set in Ireland
The cleansing of the Temple narrative tells of Jesus making people who sold animals leave the temple in Jerusalem. These people provided animals used in the Jewish rituals of sacrifice.  Jesus also drove out the money changers. The temple required that only special coins be used to buy the animals or donate to the temple.  Sometimes they were corrupt and cheated people who came to worship. Jesus says they are turning the Temple into "a den of thieves". 

The Synoptic Gospels tell of this happening near the end of Jesus' life. It was one of the reasons that the Jewish leaders opposed Jesus.  The Gospel of John puts it near the beginning of the three year ministry of Jesus.  This makes some Bible scholars think this happened two times and others think it refers to a single time.

References 

Jesus Christ
Gospels
Lanet is a commune of 50 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.

Communes in Aude
Laurac is a commune of 175 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.

Communes in Aude
The Katyn massacre is the name of a series of killings by the Soviet army during World War II. Members of the NKVD killed about 22,000 Polish prisoners of war in a forest near Katyn, about  from Smolensk. Most of the prisoners killed were officers. The Katyn massacre happened in April and May 1940. Stalin ordered it on Beria's advice. In 1990, the Soviet Union/Russia admitted it was responsible. In 1990, Mikhail Gorbachev officially apologised. The Katyn massacre is one in a series of similar massacres where up to 100,000 people were killed. Between 400 and 450 prisoners survived. People used their stories to change Soviet history books after the apology. 

In the 1980s, Michail Gorbachev said that Beria and Vsevolod Merkulov were responsible. He said that the Katyn massacre was one of Stalin's atrocities. 

Beria was accused of treason. He was executed in 1953. Merkulov was also executed in 1953 for being close to Beria. Beria and Merkulov were never tried for what they did at Katyn.

Massacres during Word War II
1940s in the Soviet Union
Charco Press is an independent publisher based in United Kingdom. It primarily translates and publishes Latin American literature in English language. It was founded by Carolina Orloff and Samuel McDowell in 2016.

Publications
 Andrea Jeftanovic - Theatre of War, translated by Frances Riddle
 Ariana Harwicz - Die, My Love, translated by Sarah Moses & Carolina Orloff
 Ariana Harwicz - Feebleminded, translated by Annie McDermott & Carolina Orloff
 Brenda Lozano - Loop, translated by Annie McDermott
 Carla Maliandi - The German Room, translated by Frances Riddle
 Daniel Mella - Older Brother, translated by Megan McDowell
 Daniel Saldaña París - Ramifications, translated by Christine McSweeney
 Gabriela Cabezón Cámara - The Adventures of China Iron (trans. Iona Macintyre & Fiona Mackintosh) 
 Gabriela Cabezon Camara - Slum Virgin, translated by Frances Riddle
 Giuseppe Caputo - An Orphan World (trans. Sophie Hughes & Juana Adcock) 
 Jorge Consiglio - Southerly, translated by Cherilyn Elston
 Jorge Consiglio - Fate, translated by Carolina Orloff and Fionn Petch
 Julian Fuks - Resistance, translated by Daniel Hahn 
 Luis Sagasti - Fireflies, translated by Fionn Petch
 Luis Sagasti - A Musical Offering, translated by Fionn Petch
 Margarita Garcia Robayo - Fish Soup, translated by Charlotte Coombe
 Margarita García Robayo - Holiday Heart, translated by Charlotte Coombe
 Renato Cisneros - The Distance Between Us, translated by Fionn Petch
 Ricardo Romero - The President's Room, translated by Charlotte Coombe
 Rodrigo Fuentes - Trout, Belly Up, translated by Ellen Jones
 Selva Almada - The Wind That Lays Waste, translated by Chris Andrews
 Selva Almada - Dead Girls, translated by Annie McDermott

References

Publishers
Translation
Bloomsbury Publishing plc is a British worldwide publishing house for fiction and non-fiction books. It was previously traded as M.B.N.1 Limited and Bloomsbury Publishing Company Limited. Their head office is located in Bloomsbury. Additionally they have a office in New York City in US. Their Indian publishing office is located in New Delhi, and a sales office in Sydney. In addition they have another publishing office in the UK including at Oxford..

References

Publishing companies
Publishing companies of the United Kingdom
Holtzbrinck Publishing Group (German: Verlagsgruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck) is a private publishing company of Germany. Their office is located in Stuttgart, capital of Baden-Württemberg. 

Holtzbrinck Publishing Group is one of the big five English-language publishing companies in the world. The other four publishing companies are Penguin Random House (Bertelsmann), Hachette (Lagardère), HarperCollins (News Corp), Simon & Schuster (National Amusements).

Subsidiaries

Germany
 S. Fischer Verlag
 FISCHER Krüger
 Argon Verlag
 FISCHER Scherz
 Rowohlt Verlag
 Kiepenheuer & Witsch 
 Verlagsgruppe Droemer Knaur 
 O.W. Barth
 Die Zeit

United States
In the US, it trades through Macmillan Publishers name.
 Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Faber & Faber (formerly; ended partnership in 2015)
 Henry Holt and Company
Holt Paperbacks
Metropolitan Books
Times Books
Owl Books
 Palgrave Macmillan
 Picador
 Roaring Brook Press
  Neal Porter Books
 First Second Books
 St. Martin's Press
Thomas Dunne Books
 Tom Doherty Associates
 Tor Books
 Forge Books
 Bedford, Freeman and Worth Publishing Group
 W.H. Freeman
 Bedford-St. Martin's
 Worth Publishers
 Macmillan Learning
 Hayden-McNeil
 Nature Publishing Group
 Scientific American
 Renaissance Media

United Kingdom
 Macmillan Publishers
 Palgrave Macmillan
 Pan Macmillan
 Macmillan
 Pan Books
 Picador (imprint)
 Macmillan Children's Books
 Campbell Books
 Priddy Books
 Boxtree
 Sidgwick & Jackson
 Macmillan Education
 Springer Nature
 Digital Science

References

Publishing companies
Publishers
Companies of Germany
The Lombards  were a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774. They themselves thought that they had originally come from southern Scandinavia. In ancient times they had worshiped nature, but later the worshiped Odin. They grew long beards in honor of Odin and became known as "Longobards" which means "long beards".

In about 560 A.D., Audoin, who was their leader and a warrior, was succeeded by his son Alboin, a young and energetic leader. He defeated some neighboring tribes and then, in the spring of 568, Alboin led the Lombard migration into Italy. According to the History of the Lombards, "Then the Langobards, having left Pannonia, hastened to take possession of Italy with their wives and children and all their goods."

When they came to Italy, most of the Lombards still followed their old religion, but some were Arian Christians. Most of them later adopted Orthodox Christian views. In later years they fought with the Franks and later the Muslims. The Normans also fought with them between 1017 and 1078 A.D. As a result, Italy consisted of many small states until modern times.

References 

Ethnic groups in Europe
Former countries in Europe
Germanic tribes
History of Europe
History of Germany
History of Italy
Lombardy
American singer Demi Lovato has released six studio albums, thirty-three singles (eleven as a featured artist), and forty music videos.



Albums

Studio albums

Video albums

Extended plays

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Promotional singles

Other charted songs

Guest appearances

Music videos

As lead artist

As featured artist

Guest appearances

Footnotes

References

Lovato, Demi
Crook County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the county has a population of 20,978 people. The county seat is Prineville.

Oregon counties
Young Sheldon is an American comedy television series on CBS created by Chuck Lorre and Steven Molaro. The series is a spin-off prequel to The Big Bang Theory, and premiered as a special preview on September 25, 2017, and two days later, CBS picked up the series for a full season of 22 episodes. On November 2, 2017, new episodes began airing weekly.

2010s American sitcoms
American television spin-offs
Television series about families
Television series about siblings
English-language television programs
Bloodborne is an action RPG made by FromSoftware led by Hidetaka Miyazaki. It is very similar to FromSoftware's other games, the Souls series. The game has many similar features from the Souls series. Below are the similarities.

 Both games have a high level of difficulty that cannot be changed.
 Enemies and bosses can kill the player in only a few hits.
 Experience points are earned by killing enemies, dropped if the player dies, and disappear forever if the player dies again before getting them back.
 Upgradeable weapons and armor can be found in the game world or be bought using experience points.
 Rolling is important for dodging enemy attacks.

While the game has many similarities with the Souls series, there are also some big differences as well. Below are the differences.

 The games have a different setting. Bloodborne takes place in an dark Industrial Revolution-like world rather then a Medieval Europe-like one, such as one of the Souls series.
Bloodborne has a faster pace, where the player can move and attack more quickly.
 The player does not have shields, the player cannot block or parry enemy attacks.
 The player can use guns in their offhand for stunning enemies and attacking them from far away.
 If the player is hit, the player can regain health if he hits the enemy back before the enemy hits the player again.
 In the Souls games, experience points can be picked up simply by go to where the player died last. In Bloodborne, dropped experience points must be regained by killing the same enemy who killed the player.

2015 video games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation 4-only games
Role-playing video games
Video games developed in Japan
Scarlet Pages is a 1930 crime drama film directed by Ray Enright and based on the play of the same name. It stars Elsie Ferguson, Marian Nixon, John Halliday, Grant Withers, William B. Davidson and distributed by Warner Bros..

Other websites
 
 

1930 movies
1930s crime movies
1930s drama movies
American crime drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Ray Enright
Warner Bros. movies
Wara Wara is a 1930 Bolivian romantic drama movie directed by José María Velasco Maidana and stars Juanita Taillansier, Martha de Velasco, Arturo Borda, Guillermo Viscarra Fabre, Emmo Reyes. It was distributed by Urania Film.

Other websites
 

1930 movies
1930s drama movies
1930s romantic drama movies
Bolivian movies
Silent movies
Kjell Erik Espmark (born 19 February 1930) is a Swedish writer and literary historian. 

He is a member of the Swedish Academy and Professor of the History of Literature at Stockholm University. He was elected to the Swedish Academy on 5 March 1981. Espmark replaced the linguist Elias Wessén to Seat No.16. On 6 April 2018 Espmark announced that he would no longer participate in the work of the Academy, but returned to his seat in January 2019. 

He was born in Strömsund, Sweden.

References

1930 births
Living people
Swedish writers
Swedish historians
Johan Allan Edwall (25 August 1924 – 7 February 1997) was a Swedish actor, director, author, composer and singer. He appeared in some of Ingmar Bergman's movies such as Fanny and Alexander (1982). He was also known for starring in television movies based on the children's stories by Astrid Lindgren. He was also known for his role in Emil and the Piglet. He was born in Rödön, Sweden.

Edwall died on 7 February 1997 in Stockholm of prostate cancer, aged 72.

References

1924 births
1997 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Swedish movie actors
Swedish television actors
Swedish stage actors
Swedish writers
Composers
Swedish movie directors
Space Force is an American comedy web television series. It was created by Greg Daniels and Steve Carell. It stars Carell, John Malkovich, Ben Schwartz, Diana Silvers, Lisa Kudrow, Jane Lynch with Tawny Newsome and the late Fred Willard. The series premiered on Netflix on May 29, 2020.

Space Force is a workplace comedy series that centers on a group of people in charge of creating the sixth branch of the United States Armed Forces, the United States Space Force.

References

American comedy television series
Netflix original shows
English-language television programs
In single-winner voting system theory, the Condorcet loser criterion (CLC) is used to compare different voting systems. Any voting system that passes the CLC will also pass the majority loser criterion.

A voting system that passes the Condorcet loser criterion will never allow a Condorcet loser to win.  A Condorcet loser is a candidate who would lose a head-to-head competition against each other candidate. (Not all elections will have a Condorcet loser since it is possible for every candidate to lose against at least one other candidate head-to-head.)

Any voting method that passes the Smith criterion will also pass the Condorcet loser criterion, because the Condorcet loser doesn't pairwise beat anyone, and so could not be in the Smith set.

Voting methods that pass include: two-round system, instant-runoff voting (AV), contingent vote, borda count, Schulze method, ranked pairs, and Kemeny-Young method. Any voting method that ends in a runoff passes the criterion, because the Condorcet loser will lose in any head-to-head competition.

Voting methods that don't pass include: plurality voting, supplementary voting, Sri Lankan contingent voting, approval voting, range voting, Bucklin voting and minimax Condorcet.

Related pages 
 Condorcet method
 Condorcet criterion

Voting systems
The mutual majority criterion is a criterion used to compare voting systems. It is also known as the majority criterion for solid coalitions and the generalized majority criterion. The criterion says that if a majority of voters like a group of candidates more than all of the other candidates, then one of the candidates in the group must win. This is similar to but but more broad than the majority criterion, where the group of candidates can only have one candidate in it. The Droop proportionality criterion is a more broad form of the mutual majority criterion, which also applies to multi-winner elections.

The Schulze method, ranked pairs, instant-runoff voting, Nanson's method, and Bucklin voting pass this criterion. All Smith-efficient Condorcet methods pass the mutual majority criterion.

The plurality vote, approval voting, range voting, the Borda count, and minimax fail this criterion.

Voting methods which pass the majority criterion but fail mutual majority can have a spoiler effect, since if a minority-preferred candidate wins, and all of the candidates preferred by the majority, except for one, leave the election, then the remaining majority-preferred candidate will win instead.

References 

Voting systems
General Djoko Santoso (; 8 September 1952 – 10 May 2020) was an Indonesian general. He was Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army from 2005 to 2007. He was then appointed to the highest military office which is Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. He had the job from 2007 until his retirement in 2010.

Santoso died on 10 May 2020 of surgery-related problems, aged 67.

References

Other websites
Archive of Biography on tokohindonesia.com 

1952 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Indonesian people
Generals
Bhojpuri Language is an Indo-Aryan language which is spoken in northern-eastern India and  of Rajshahi Division of Bangladesh. Bhojpuri in Bangladesh are for the Rajshahi people in Bangladesh and uses as a book for Rajshahi Division Ganges It is mainly spoken in the Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand. There are also Bhojpuri speakers in Suriname. The language is written in Devanagari.

References

Languages of India
George Bernard Kauffman (September 4, 1930 – May 2, 2020) was an American chemist and educator. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Kauffman was a Professor of Chemistry at California State University, Fresno. In 1978, Kauffman was honored with the Dexter Award from the American Chemical Society. He was a Guggenheim Fellow.

Kauffman died on May 2, 2020 at his home in Fresno, California at the age of 89.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
American historians
American chemists
Educators from California
Scientists from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Scientists from California
Writers from California
People from Fresno, California
Educators from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Follow Thru is a 1930 American romantic musical comedy movie. It was directed by Lloyd Corrigan. The movie is based on the 1929 musical of the same name. Actors include Charles "Buddy" Rogers, Nancy Carroll, Zelma O'Neal, Jack Haley, Eugene Pallette, and Thelma Todd. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

Other websites
 
 
 

1930 movies
1930s musical movies
1930s romance movies
1930s comedy movies
1930s romantic comedy movies
American musical movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Lloyd Corrigan
Paramount Pictures movies
The 1985 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1984–85 season, and the culmination of the 1985 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the defending champion Edmonton Oilers (in their third straight Finals appearance) and the Philadelphia Flyers. The Oilers would win the best-of-seven series, four games to one, to win their second Stanley Cup. It was also the sixth straight Finals contested between teams that joined the NHL in 1967 or later. , this is also the last time that a team, defending champion or runner-up, would appear in the Finals for the third straight season. This would be the third of eight consecutive Finals contested by a team from Alberta (the Oilers appeared in six, the Calgary Flames in  and ), and the second of five consecutive Finals to end with the Cup presentation on Alberta ice (the Oilers won four of those times, the Montreal Canadiens once).

References

 Podnieks, Andrew; Hockey Hall of Fame (2004). Lord Stanley's Cup. Bolton, Ont.: Fenn Pub. pp 12, 50. 

Stanley Cup Finals
Love That Brute is a 1950 American crime comedy movie. It was directed by Alexander Hall. It is a remake of the 1941 movie Tall, Dark and Handsome. It stars Paul Douglas, Jean Peters, Cesar Romero, and Keenan Wynn. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites

1950s crime movies
1950 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movie remakes
American crime movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Alexander Hall
The Castle Tour is a 1986 Swedish television film directed by Claes Eriksson and Lars Gustavsson and the second film to star the members of Galenskaparna och After Shave.

Plot
Some tourists are shown around an old castle (Tjolöholm Castle) by a guide (Peter Rangmar), who speaks a homemade version of English that cannot be understood, not knowing the tourists are Swedish. For example, the guide calls the upper class "Bimbodocksockers". During the tour, the group comes upon various events, which the guide does not know is happening.

Cast
 Peter Rangmar - The guide to the castle
 Jan Rippe - Tourist with a candy bag
 Kerstin Granlund - Tourist
 Per Fritzell - A tourist with an interest in the woman (Kerstin Granlund)
 Anders Eriksson - The tourist with survival equipment
 Claes Eriksson - Tourist with a camera
 Knut Agnred - Tourist with his son (Erik Wingquist)
 Erik Wingquist - Young guy
 Marianne Östlund - clerk
 Barbro Appelgren - maid

Other websites
 
 The Castle Tour | Kulturtuben

Swedish movies
1986 movies
The  is a university press affiliated with the University of Tokyo in Japan. It was founded in 1951, following the post-World War II reorganization of the university. They received the special prize from the Japan foundation in 1990.

Scientific textbooks
The University of Tokyo Press has published many textbooks for various scientific areas. For example, they have textbooks for
 Linear algebra
 Numerical analysis 
 Partial differential equations

References

University of Tokyo
University presses
1950s establishments in Japan
1951 establishments in Asia
The Affairs of Susan is a 1945 American romantic comedy movie. It was directed by William A. Seiter. Actors include Joan Fontaine, George Brent, Dennis O'Keefe, and Walter Abel. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

References

Other websites
 
 

1945 movies
1940s romance movies
1940s comedy movies
1940s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by William A. Seiter
The Nevadan is a 1950 American western movie. It was directed by Gordon Douglas. Actors include Randolph Scott, Dorothy Malone, Forrest Tucker, Frank Faylen, and George Macready. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

Other websites
 
 

1950 movies
1950s western movies
American western movies
Movies directed by Gordon Douglas
Kansas Raiders is a 1950 American western movie. It was directed by Ray Enright. Actors include Audie Murphy, Tony Curtis, Brian Donlevy, Marguerite Chapman, Scott Brady, Richard Arlen, and Richard Egan. It was distributed by Universal Pictures. It is set during the American Civil Warr, and it is about Jesse James joining William Quantrill.

Cast
 Audie Murphy as Jesse James
 Brian Donlevy as William Quantrill
 Marguerite Chapman as Kate Clarke
 Scott Brady as Bill Anderson
 Tony Curtis as Kit Dalton
 Richard Arlen as Union captain
 Richard Long as Frank James
 James Best as Cole Younger
 John Kellogg as Red Leg leader
 Dewey Martin as James Younger
 George Chandler as Willie
 Charles Delaney as Pell
 Richard Egan as First Lieutenant 
 David Wolfe as Rudolph Tate (as Dave Wolfe)

References

Other websites

1950 movies
1950s western movies
American western movies
Movies directed by Ray Enright
Straight Time is a 1978 American crime drama movie. It was directed by Ulu Grosbard. The movie is based on the book No Beast So Fierce by Edward Bunker (who also stars). Other actors include Dustin Hoffman, Theresa Russell, Harry Dean Stanton, M. Emmet Walsh, Kathy Bates, and Gary Busey. It was distributed by Warner Bros.

Other websites
 
 
 

1978 crime movies
1978 drama movies
1970s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
Movies based on books
Paul Maximilien Landowski (1 June 1875 – 31 March 1961) was a French sculptor. Landowski was born in the 9th arrondissement of Paris and died in Boulogne-Billancourt.

He is famous for creating the Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He created it in 1931. He worked with Heitor da Silva Costa, who was an engineer, and Gheorghe Leonida, an architect.

1875 births
1961 deaths
French sculptors
Olympic medalists
Artists from Paris
Curry County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the county has a population of 22,364 people. The county seat is Gold Beach.

Oregon counties
Deschutes County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the county has a population of 157,733 people. The county seat is Bend.

Oregon counties
Steven John Wilkos (; born March 9, 1964) is an American television personality, who has been hosting The Steve Wilkos Show since 2007.

1964 births
American bloggers
"If I Can't Have You" is a song by Canadian singer Shawn Mendes. It was released as the lead single (sixth overall) from the deluxe edition of Mendes' self-titled third studio album through Island Records on May 3, 2019. The music video was released the same day. "If I Can't Have You" has reached number one in Hungary and China, as well as the top five in Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Malaysia, New Zealand, Scotland, Slovakia, and the United States.

References 

2019 songs
Karl Schwarzschild (9 October 1873 – 11 May 1916) was a German physicist and astronomer.

Best known for his solution to Einstein's equations of general relativity, which describes the gravitational field outside a non-rotating black hole with no magnetic field.

The equation describes how a particle moves space near this black hole (using spherical coordinates). 

ds is the path it follows 
dt is the change in time 
dr is the change in radius 
d and d are the change in angle 
 is also the angle 
 is the set radius limit of the heavy object 
r is how close the travelling object is to the heavy object 
c is the speed of light

This equation is also known as the Schwarzschild metric or Schwarzschild solution.

References 

1873 births
1916 deaths
Jewish German scientists
German astronomers
German physicists
German Jews
Jewish military people
German military personnel of World War I
People from Frankfurt
People from Prussia
A Yank in the RAF is a 1941 American World War II adventure movie directed by Henry King and starring Tyrone Power, Betty Grable, John Sutton, Lester Matthews, Reginald Gardiner, Ralph Byrd, Frederick Worlock. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1941.

Other websites
 
 
 

1941 movies
1940s adventure movies
1940s war movies
American adventure movies
World War II movies
Movies directed by Henry King
Ralph P. Locke (born 1949) is an American music researcher and professor emeritus of musicology at Eastman School of Music in New York. He one of the most well known classical music critics in the United States. He founded the Eastman Studies in Music series. He is a contributor to The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians and several other books, and has been editor of several journals. He is also "one of the most published musicologists on orientalism and music." Locke earned his bachelor's degree at Harvard University and his doctorate at the University of Chicago.

Selected works
Music and the Exotic from the Renaissance to Mozart, Cambridge University Press, 2015
Musical Exoticism: Images and Reflections, Cambridge University Press, 2009
Cultivating Music in America: Women Patrons and Activists since 1860, University of California Press, 1997
Music, Musicians, and the Saint-Simonians, University of Chicago Press, 1986

References

Musicologists
American academics
1949 births
Educators from Chicago
Week-End in Havana (also known as A Week-End in Havana and That Week-End in Havana) is a 1941 American romantic musical comedy movie directed by Walter Lang. It stars Alice Faye, Carmen Miranda, John Payne, Cesar Romero. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and is the follow up to the 1940 movie Down Argentine Way and That Night in Rio.

Other websites
 
 

1941 movies
1940s romance movies
American musical movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies set in North America
Movies directed by Walter Lang
Convicted is a 1950 American crime film noir drama directed by Henry Levin and is the third adaption film the 1929 play The Criminal Code by Martin Flavin. It stars Glenn Ford, Broderick Crawford, Millard Mitchell, Dorothy Malone, Carl Benton Reid, Ed Begley, Douglas Kennedy, Martha Stewart, Frank Faylen and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

Other websites
 
 

1950 drama movies
1950s crime movies
American crime drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Henry Levin
Hawaii Five-O is an American police procedural drama series. The show originally aired for 12 seasons from 1968 to 1980, and continues in reruns. It was the longest-running police drama in television.

The series was rebooted on CBS in 2010.

CBS network shows
1968 television series debuts
1980 television series endings
English-language television programs
John Henry "Jack" Horner  (July 20, 1927 – November 18, 2004) was a Canadian politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada for the electoral areas of Acadia and Crowfoot. He was an MP from 1958 to 1979. Horner is famous for fighting very hard for ranchers and farmers.

When he was in politics, Horner was very well-known for being a right-wing politician. He strongly supported the Progressive Conservative Prime Minister from 1957 to 1963, John Diefenbaker. Many of his family were very important in Western Canadian politics. They were all part of a group called "Diefenbaker's cowboys". Horner tried to become the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party many times. After he lost to Joe Clark in trying to become the leader in 1976, he crossed the floor, or changed the political party he was part of. He went from the Progressive Conservative Party to the Liberal Party.

After he became a Liberal, Pierre Trudeau made him a cabinet minister. He became a Minister without portfolio, then the Minister of Industry, Trade, and Commerce. He lost his election in 1979. He later became a part of the board of directors of the Canadian National Railway.

Horner died in Calgary, Alberta at the age of 77.

References

Other websites

1927 births
2004 deaths
Politicians from Alberta
Conservatives
Ranchers
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada
Icing may refer to:

 Atmospheric icing, occurs when water droplets freeze on objects they contact
 Icing conditions, atmospheric conditions that can lead to the formation of water ice on various surfaces

 Aufeis, also called icing, a sheet-like mass of layered ice that forms from the freezing of successive flows of groundwater
 Claire's, which has a brand of accessories and jewelry called Icing
 Cryotherapy, also called icing, the cooling of body parts, often using ice or cold packs, to decrease pain and inflammation 
 Fuel system icing inhibitor, an additive to aviation fuels that prevents the formation of ice in fuel lines
 Icing (drinking game), a drinking game involving the consumption of large quantities of Smirnoff Ice in inappropriate situations
 Icing (food), a sweet and often creamy glaze made of sugar used to cover or decorate baked goods, such as cakes, cookies or donuts
Powdered sugar, also known as confectioners' sugar or icing sugar, is a very fine sugar used for icing, frosting and other decorations
Royal icing, a hard, white icing, made from softly beaten egg whites, powdered sugar, and sometimes lemon or lime juice
 Icing (ice hockey), an ice hockey rule intended to discourage intentionally whacking the puck away from a team's goal to run out the clock
 Icing (nautical), sea spray that freezes upon contact with ships, occurs during very cold and windy weather, can cause a ship to capsize
Icing the kicker, is a tactic employed by defending teams in American or Canadian football to disrupt the process of kicking a field goal just prior to the snap.

Related pages
 Ice
 Ising
Panic in the Streets is a 1950 American crime thriller movie directed by Elia Kazan and stars Jack Palance, Richard Widmark, Paul Douglas, Barbara Bel Geddes, Zero Mostel, Tommy Rettig. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and won an Academy Award in 1950.

Other websites
 
 

1950 movies
1950s crime movies
American thriller movies
Movies directed by Elia Kazan
Bessie Regina Norris (December 21, 1953 – May 10, 2020), better known by her stage name Betty Wright, was an American soul and R&B singer-songwriter. She became famous in the 1970s with hits such as "Clean Up Woman" and "Tonight Is the Night". Wright was born in Miami, Florida.

Wright died on May 10, 2020 of endometrial cancer in Miami, aged 66.

References

Grammy Award winners
1953 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from endometrial cancer
American soul singers
American R&B singers
American gospel singers
American funk singers
American singer-songwriters
Singers from Miami, Florida
Writers from Miami, Florida
Sérgio Sant'Anna (October 30, 1941 – May 10, 2020) was a Brazilian writer. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. He wrote poems, plays, short stories, novellas and novels. His works have been translated to German and Italian.

Sant'Anna was known for his collection of poems titled O Concerto de João Gilberto no Rio de Janeiro. He also wrote the 1981 play Um Romance de Geração. His 2003 short novel  O vôo da madrugada was translated to many languages. 

Sant'Anna died on May 10, 2020 in Rio de Janeiro of COVID-19, aged 78.

References

1941 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Brazilian poets
Playwrights
Brazilian novelists
People from Rio de Janeiro
Battleground is a 1949 American World War II action movie directed by William A. Wellman and stars Van Johnson, John Hodiak, Ricardo Montalbán, George Murphy, Marshall Thompson, James Whitmore, Douglas Fowley. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for 6 Oscars and won 2 Academy Awards in 1950.

Other websites
 
 

1949 movies
1940s action movies
1940s war movies
American action movies
World War II movies
MGM movies
Movies directed by William A. Wellman
Elopement is a 1951 American romantic comedy movie directed by Henry Koster and starring Clifton Webb, Anne Francis, Charles Bickford, William Lundigan. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites
 
 

1951 comedy movies
1951 romance movies
1950s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies directed by Henry Koster
20th Century Fox movies