cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Poales is a taxonomic order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons. The order includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges.

The earliest fossils attributed to the Poales date to the late Cretaceous period about  million years ago, though some suggest the origin of the group may be 115 million years ago in South America. The earliest known fossils include pollen and fruits.

The flowers are typically small, enclosed by bracts, and arranged in inflorescences (except in the  genus Mayaca, with solitary terminal flowers). The flowers of many species are wind pollinated; the seeds usually contain starch.

One recent classification lists these families: 
 order Poales
 family Anarthriaceae
 family Bromeliaceae
 family Centrolepidaceae
 family Cyperaceae
 family Ecdeiocoleaceae
 family Eriocaulaceae
 family Flagellariaceae
 family Joinvilleaceae
 family Juncaceae
 family Mayacaceae
 family Poaceae
 family Rapateaceae
 family Restionaceae
 family Thurniaceae
 family Typhaceae
 family Xyridaceae

Uses 
The Poales are the most economically important order of monocots and possibly the most important order of plants in general. Within the order, by far the most important family economically is the family of grasses (Poaceae, syn. Gramineae), which includes barley, maize, millet, rice, and wheat. It is also the largest family in the order, far outnumbering the other families:
 Poaceae: 12,070 species
 Cyperaceae: 5,500 species
 Bromeliaceae: 3,170 species
 Eriocaulaceae: 1,150 species

References
Poaceae or Gramineae are the "true" grasses. They are a large family of monocot flowering plants. There are about 12,000 species and 780 genera. They are one of most ecologically and economically important of all plant families. Rushes, and sedges fall outside this family, but they are related.

Grasslands are about 20% of the vegetation cover of the Earth. Poaceae also live in many other habitats, including wetlands, forests, and tundra. Bamboos are part of this huge family of plants.

Domestication of poaceous cereal crops such as maize (corn), wheat, millets, and rice are eaten around the world. The Poaceae are the most economically important plant family in modern times, providing forage, building materials (bamboo, thatch) and fuel (ethanol), as well as food.

References
Richard Morgan Fliehr (born February 25, 1949, in Memphis, Tennessee) better known by his ring name, Ric Flair, is a semi-retired American professional wrestler that is currently signed to WWE.
He wrestled for 36 years. His last WWE match was against Shawn Michaels at WrestleMania XXIV. He is a two time WWE Hall of Famer.

His nickname is "The Nature Boy" Ric Flair.

References 

1949 births
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from North Carolina
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
Writers from North Carolina
WWE Hall of Fame
Michelle McCool (born January 25, 1980) is an American professional wrestler. She is best known for working with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where she competed on its SmackDown! brand. McCool was the first ever WWE Diva's Champion. She is married to fellow professional wrestler Mark Calaway who is better known by his ring name, The Undertaker. They had their first child, Kaia Faith Calaway on August 29, 2012.

Career
McCool was in the 2005 Diva Search but she lost to Christy Hemme. She still got a contract with the company.

McCool defeated Natalya Neidhart at The Great American Bash to become the first ever Diva's Champion. She lost the title to Maryse on Smackdown with María as a referee, after the match, McCool attacked María, turning heel, later, she apologized, but attacked Eve, turning definitely heel.

References

Other websites
Michelle McCool's WWE alumni profile

1980 births
Living people
Former WWE wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
Female professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Florida
The Medes were one of the ancestors of Kurdish people who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. This area was known in Greek as Media or Medea They entered this region with the first wave of Iranian tribes, in the late second millennium BC (at the end of the Bronze Age).

By the 6th century BC, the Medes were able to make their own empire. It stretched from southern shore of the Black Sea and Aran province (in modern Azerbaijan) to north and central Asia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.

The Medes are credited with the foundation of the first Iranian empire, the largest of its day until Cyrus the Great established a unified Iranian empire of the Medes and Persians, often referred to as the Achaemenid Empire.

Controversy 
Modern scholars question whether a Median empire even existed. It is argued that even if it existed, it must have been just a political alliance among highland neighbors of the Assyrians. The alliance might include Armenia in southeastern Anatolia, Sagartians in modern northern Iraq, and the actual Medians in the area between what is today Hamadan-Kirmanshah in cental Zagros. Neither cuneiform sources, archaeological evidence, or biblical accounts, support Herodotus, who claimed there really was a Median empire.

Median language 
Strabo mentions the affinity of Mede with other Iranian languages  in his "Geography":

Herodotus, mentions the word "Spaka" ("Dog", still present in current Iranian languages such  as tat and  talysh, and different from Persian)

References and Notes 

Ancient history
History of Iran
625 BC establishments
6th-century BC disestablishments
Former monarchies of Asia
Former countries in the Middle East
A headshot (or head shot) is a photograph of a person's face. It is a form of portraiture. The purpose of a headshot is to show the subject's personality, or character. Headshots are used in the modelling and acting businesses and is vital to the careers of many business and sales executives who use them on business cards, company web sites and social media sites like LinkedIn. Most actors have a headshot that they will provide to employers.

Headshots are a separate specialty career path branch for several photographers who make or have made careers in this kind of photography.  Examples include Yousuf Karsh (1908-2002), Yucel Yalim (1958), Cindy Quinn (1960) and Peter Hurley.

Related pages
Mugshot

Photography
Movie industry
Gymnasium Alpenstrasse Biel / Gymnase de la Rue des Alpes de Bienne is a high school in Biel in Switzerland. There are three local high schools and the Gymnasium Alpenstrasse / Gymnase de la Rue des Alpes is one of them. It is the only bilingual (Swiss-German and French) high school in the Canton of Berne. There are about 550 students and about 90 teachers at this school. This school specializes in three  subjects: Economy, Spanish and Applied Mathematics. The students usually attend the Gymnasium for three years and take the final examination at the end of their studies. The diploma, which is called Maturité in French or Matura in German, is the entrance ticket for all universities and colleges in Switzerland.

There is also a Commercial Highschool in the same building which is part of the Gymnasium Alpenstrasse Biel / Gymnase de la Rue des Alpe de Bienne. It is more oriented for the business world 

At the beginning, the Gymnasium Alpenstrasse was a Progymnasium.
A Progymnasuim is like the today’s secondary school. But the school was just attended by boys.
Today it’s a High School for boys and girls. This school is a Swiss Olympic Partner School.
This means, those athletes from various sports can go their training, also during school.
There are many different athletes. Some play hockey, volleyball, tennis or they swim or dance etc. It’s not just for sports it’s also for music.

References

Other websites 
  Website of the high school

Buildings and structures in Switzerland
Schools in Switzerland
Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
Mede is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy. It is located about 50 km southwest of Milan and about 35 km southwest of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 6,993 and an area of 33.2 km².

Mede borders the following municipalities: Frascarolo, Gambarana, Lomello, Pieve del Cairo, Sartirana Lomellina, Semiana, Torre Beretti e Castellaro, Villa Biscossi.

Population 
Here is how the population of the town has changed over the last 140 years.

References 

Settlements in Lombardy
Ploidy is a term from genetics and cell biology. It is used to indicate the number of chromosome sets in a cell. Most eukaryotes have either one set (called haploid) or two sets (called diploid). Some other organisms are polyploid, they have more than two sets of chromosomes. Some amphibians are triploid, with three sets. The endosperm cells in the seeds of many plants are also triploid. Some kinds of trout or salmon have four sets (tetraploid). Other examples:
wheat: 6 sets (hectaploid)
certain sturgeons: 8 sets (octoploid) 
strawberries: 8 sets (octoploid)
plumed cockscomb (a plant, Celosia argentea): 12 sets (dodecaploid)
Bryophytes: body has one set; sporophyte has two sets.

Sex cells (gametes) are almost always haploid. If the reproductive stage (adult) is polyploid, then the gametes will have half the ploidy number of chromosomes. 

There are some variations of ploidy which are not discussed here. Some plant species with certain types of polyploidy do not use sexual reproduction, but survive with asexual methods.

Polyploidy 
Polyploidy occurs in cells and organisms when there are more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes.

Most organisms are normally diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes — one set inherited from each parent. Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division. It is most commonly found in plants, but it does sometimes happen in animals. Some estimates suggest that 30-80% of living plant species are polyploid, and many lineages show evidence of ancient polyploidy (paleopolyploidy) in their genomes. Huge increases in angiosperm (flowering plants) diversity have coincided with the timing of ancient genome duplications shared by many species. 15% of angiosperm and 31% of fern speciation events are accompanied by ploidy increase.

Polyploid plants arise spontaneously in nature. Many polyploids are fitter than their parental species, and may display novel variation or morphologies that contribute to speciation and eco-niche exploitation. 

Polyploidy may occur in one generation, and is an exception to the principle that evolution occurs gradually. There may, however, be many genetic changes in the species after polyploidy has taken place.

Gametes 
The gametes of polyploids are unusual, because they may carry several sets of chromosomes. For example, common wheat is a polyploid with six sets of chromosomes, two sets coming originally from each of three different species. So there are six sets of chromosomes in most cells, and three sets of chromosomes in the gametes.

Related pages
 Aneuploidy, one or a few chromosomes more or less than the usual number in the species.

References

Related pages 
Karyotype
Haplodiploidy

Chromosomes
Plants
Cell biology
The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), often called the rhesus monkey and Indian monkey, is one of the best known species of Old World monkeys. 

It lives in a wide area, and has an unknown but quite large population. It lives in a broad range of habitats. Native to South, Central and Southeast Asia, troops of Macaca mulatta inhabit a great variety of habitats from grasslands to arid and forested areas, but also close to human settlements.

Rhesus macaques are native to northern India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Afghanistan, Vietnam, southern China, and some neighboring areas. They have the widest geographic ranges of any nonhuman primate. He is also known as national mammal of Pakistan.

They are regular swimmers. Babies as young as a few days old can swim, and adults are known to swim over a half mile between islands. Rhesus macaques are noted for their tendency to move from rural to urban areas, where they rely on handouts or refuse from humans.

References 

Old World monkeys
Mammals of Asia
Foreplay is the name for a number of things people do before they have sex. These things do not need to be directly related to having sex. Rather, they are done to sexually arouse people, to make them want each other more, Examples of things that can be used in foreplay differ among people, Most people prefer simple things that make them feel nice such as a person talking softly, a compliment, a Hug, or by being Tickled by a person they like, or even sharing similar hobbies, such as white water rafting, rocky mountain climbing or even how flexible you both are at Yoga,
Not all of these acts are physical, some can also be psychological. Common things done in foreplay include kissing, touching each other, hugging, and stimulating the others erogenous zones.

Foreplay has a well-defined function - it lowers inhibitions and makes people feel better at ease.

Foreplay has been mentioned in historic works.  The Ancient Indian work Kama Sutra mentions different types of embracing, kissing, and marking with nails and teeth. It also mentions BDSM activities such as slapping and moaning as "play."

Based on age, religious and political background, what people do as foreplay can be quite different. Many people think that women demand more foreplay and require more time to become aroused. Recent scientific research has show that this is false, though.  Scientists from McGill University Health Centre in Montreal, Canada used the method of thermal imaging to record baseline temperature change in the genital area as the definition of the time necessary for sexual arousal. Researchers studied the time required for an individual to reach the peak of sexual arousal and concluded that, on average, women and men spend almost the same time for sexual arousal — around 10 minutes.

References

Human sexuality
Army is a 1996 Hindi movie. It was directed by Raam Shetty. The movie stars Shahrukh Khan and Sridevi in the lead role.

Plot 
Arjun and Geeta are a young couple, who are deeply in love with each other. They get married, and soon have a child. Arjun gets in trouble with a well known gangster named Nagraj, and is killed. When Geeta finds out she decides to avenge Arjun's death. When Nagraj finds out that Geeta is out for vengeance, he does not believe that a lone defenseless widow can do him any harm. But Nagraj is in for a surprise when he comes face to face with Geeta and a group of young men who are dedicated to bring him down - even if they die trying.

Soundtrack 
The music for the soundtrack was written by Anand-Milind. Sameer wrote all the lyrics for the songs.

1996 action movies
1996 drama movies
1990s Indian movies
Hindi-language movies
Movies directed by Raam Shetty
BBC Radio 5 Live (formerly BBC Radio Five Live) is the BBC's radio station that gives live BBC News, phone-ins, and sports news. It is the main radio station for sport in the United Kingdom, covering nearly all big sports events in the UK or with British competitors in, including the Olympics and the football World Cup

It is transmitted via analogue radio on 693 and 909 kHz AM in the medium wave band. These frequencies belonged to BBC Radio 2 from November 23, 1978 to August 26, 1990. Before that they were used in some regions of the UK by the BBC Home Service and BBC Radio 4. The radio is also available on digital radio in the United Kingdom via DAB, digital satellite, IPTV, Freeview, and is also streamed online. However, because of rights restrictions, coverage of some events (especially live sporting events) is not available online. Also, some of the content available online is only for UK users.

References

Other websites
Note that Radio 5 Live operates International and UK feeds. International feeds aren't allowed to cover certain sports events because of local radio rights to those events.
 
 , from BBC iPlayer.
 A few jingles from BBC Radio 5 Live, including the final close of the old Radio 5.

1994 establishments in the United Kingdom
5 Live
Sports media
Cattenom Power Plant is a nuclear power plant. It is near Metz, Grand Est, France. It has four pressurized water reactors. Each has a capacity of 1300 megawatts. In 2006, it produced the third most electrictity of all power plants in France, behind that of Gravelines Nuclear Power Plant (near Calais) and Plaluel (near Dieppe).

Buildings and structures in France
Nuclear power plants in Europe
Grand Est
"And did those feet in ancient time" is a short poem by William Blake.   It comes in the introduction to a long poem called  Milton: a Poem (1804).  Today it is best known as the hymn Jerusalem, sung to music written by C. Hubert H. Parry in 1916, more than a century after Blake had written the poem.

The words of the poem

And did those feet in ancient time
Walk upon England's mountains green?
And was the holy Lamb of God
On England's pleasant pastures seen?

And did the Countenance Divine
Shine forth upon our clouded hills?
And was Jerusalem builded here
Among these dark satanic mills?

Bring me my bow of burning gold!
Bring me my arrows of desire!
Bring me my spear! O clouds, unfold!
Bring me my chariot of fire!

I will not cease from mental fight,
Nor shall my sword sleep in my hand,
Till we have built Jerusalem
In England's green and pleasant land.

What the poem is about

There is a legend that the young Jesus went to England with his uncle, Joseph of Arimathea, to England and visited Glastonbury.  The poem connects this legend to an idea in the Book of Revelation ( 3:12 and 21:2) describing a Second Coming in which Jesus builds a new Jerusalem. Some Christians thought that a new Jerusalem would be like Heaven, somewhere of love and peace. The poem asks if Jesus visited England and if Heaven was created in England.  Blake lived in the time of the early Industrial Revolution when there was a lot of poverty and misery.  Many people think the “dark Satanic mills” were the factories where many people worked in horrible conditions.  This contrasts with the country with its beauty and clean air: “England’s green and pleasant Land”. The second half of Blake's poem says people should try to establish "Jerusalem" once more.

Parry composes the music

Blake’s poem was not very well known during the 19th century, but in 1916 a collection of poems was published which included “Jerusalem”.  Britain was fighting a terrible war (the First World War), and so the people needed some strong, patriotic music to give them courage. Robert Bridges, the Poet Laureate asked Parry to put it to music at a Fight for Right campaign meeting in London's Queen's Hall.  He wanted Parry to write a tune that the audience would be able to sing easily.  At first Parry wanted verse one to be sung by a  solo female voice, but the version sung nowadays is the arrangement for orchestra made in 1922 by Sir Edward Elgar.  When King George V heard it for the first time he said that he preferred "Jerusalem" to "God Save the King", the National Anthem. 

England (as distinct from Britain) does not have an official anthem and so the British National Anthem "God Save the Queen" is used for national occasions, for example before English international football matches or at the Last Night of the Proms.  The song is also the unofficial anthem of the British Women's Institute.  It is often sung as a  hymn in churches, although people in some churches think it is not a hymn.  It is also sung in many schools.

References

19th-century British poems
20th-century songs
Compositions by Hubert Parry
Christian hymns
Ekiga (formerly called GnomeMeeting) is a free and open source VoIP and video conferencing computer application for GNOME and Windows. Ekiga supports both the SIP and H.323 (based on OpenH323) protocols and is fully interoperable with any other SIP compliant application and with Microsoft NetMeeting. It supports many high-quality audio and video codecs.

Ekiga was initially made by Damien Sandras in order to graduate from the Université catholique de Louvain. It is currently developed by a community-based team led by Sandras. The logo was designed based on his concept by Andreas Kwiatkowski, an open source enthusiast and a friend of his.

Features

Integration 
 LDAP and ILS directories registration and browsing
 Integration with Novell Evolution so that contacts are shared between both programs
 ZeroConf (Apple Bonjour) support
 External configuration with GConf, including ability for administrators to block certain settings
 Device auto-detection, including:
 ALSA and legacy OSS soundcard support, through plugins
 Video4linux and FireWire camera support, through plugins

User interface 
 Addressbook with speed dials
 SIP URLs and H.323/callto
 Dialpad
 Advanced call history
 Full-screen videoconferencing
 In call Instant-Apply support for settings
 Auto Answer and Do Not Disturb modes

Technical 
 Call forwarding on busy, no answer, always (SIP and H.323)
 Call transfer (SIP and H.323)
 Call Hold (SIP and H.323)
 DTMFs support (SIP and H.323)
 Basic Instant Messaging (SIP)
 Text Chat (SIP and H.323)
 Possibility to register to several registrars (SIP) and gatekeepers (H.323)
 Possibility to use an outbound proxy (SIP) or a gateway (H.323)
 Message Waiting Indications (SIP)
 Audio AND Video (SIP and H.323)
 STUN support (SIP and H.323)
 LDAP support

Incoming new features 
SIMPLE
SRTP
ZRTP
H263, H264

Roadmap

Notes 

Linux software
Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a 'spathe' or leaf-like bract. 

Also known as the Arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroid. This family of 107 genera and over 3700 species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and north temperate regions.

These plants often have rhizomes or tubers with calcium oxalate crystals or 'raphides' and commonly with milky sap. The leaves are alternate, simple or compound, petiolate, sometimes very large, and usually with a sheathing base.

Some genera of araceae include:
 Anthurium
 Dieffenbachia
 Dracunculus
 Monstera
 Philodendron
 Colocasia
 Arum

References 

Araceae
Omega SA is Swiss watch manufacturer. It belongs to the Swatch Group of companies. It is in Biel-Bienne (Switzerland). Omega SA produces watches of a high standard. It was founded in 1848 by Louis Brandt in La Chaux-de-Fonds (Switzerland). There are many famous people that promote Omega SA including Michael Schuhmacher, George Clooney, Cindy Crawford and Nicole Kidman.

History 
The beginning of Omega was 1848 in La Chaux-de-Fonds. Louis Brandt opened a factory that produced watches. The watches made there carried the name Louis Brandt. After the death of Brandt, his sons transferred the production to Biel/Bienne (Switzerland). There, they started to produce their watches industrially. In 1898, "Louis Brandt & frères" employed more than 500 workers.

In 1894 they changed their name to Omega, named after their first watch.

In 1904, the Brandt brothers died, and the company came into the hands of their children. In the following years, Omega became a highly prestigious watch manufacturer. In 1925, Omega started to work with Tissot, another watch manufacturer.

Today Omega belongs to the Swatch Group.

Advertising

James Bond
Many filmmakers have Omega watches in their movies. For example, Pierce Brosnan wore an Omega Seamaster Quartz Professional in James Bond movies starting with the movie "Golden Eye". In all later movies, Brosnan wore an Omega Seamaster Professional Chronometer.

Daniel Craig also wears Omega in his James Bond movies. He even mentions the watch manufacturer by name in the movie.

Sports
At the moment, Omega SA is the official timekeeper for the Olympic Games. Their first time was 1932 at Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. They were the timekeeper in the 2006 Winter Olympics, and in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

As a sponsor for the Emirates Team New Zealand, Omega introduced the Seamaster NZL-32 chronograph in 2007. The name is the same as the name of the boat that won the America's Cup in 1995.

Other websites
 

Companies of Switzerland
Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
19th-century establishments in Switzerland
1848 establishments in Europe
Bierhübeli-oder auch Sahli genannt is the name of a concert hall in the center of Berne, Switzerland. Many famous artists from all around the world have played there including Sugarhill Gang, Adam Green, Sportfreunde Stiller, Wir sind Helden, Joy Denalane and Bad Religion.

History
From 1729 there has been a restaurant there called Bierhübeli.  In 1847 the Bierhübeli restaurant burned down. After that, they decided to build a hall as well as rebuilding the restaurant. It was finished in 1912. The hall was named after the restaurant. 

Many styles of music are played there, ranging from rock and metal to rap and hip-hop. 

The stage, the walls and the floor are made of wood. There is also a bar in the hall. In the hall, the audience feels very close to the artist. The sound in the hall is very rich, because of the shape and the way the building was made.

Buildings and structures in Switzerland
Concert halls
Bern
1912 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Switzerland
Hakan Yakin () (born 22 February 1977 in Basel, Switzerland) is a Swiss football player of Turkish origin. He is the brother of Murat Yakin and half-brother of former Swiss football professional Ertan Irizik.

Yakin's biggest success was the winning of the Swiss Super League and the Swiss Cup with the Basel in 2002. With the Swiss national team, he took part at the UEFA Champions League in 2004 and 2008 and at the World Cup in Germany in 2006. Yakin is a specialist in free-kicks and final passes.

Yakin received the award for the "Most Valuable Player" in Swiss football in 2003 and 2008.

He currently plays for Al-Gharafa (Qatar).

Club career statistics

|-
|1994/95||Concordia Basel||||9||4
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Basel||rowspan="2"|Nationalliga A||34||6
|-
|1996/97||25||3
|-
|1997/98||Grasshopper Zürich||Nationalliga A||11||1
|-
|1997/98||St. Gallen||Nationalliga A||14||1
|-
|1998/99||Grasshopper Zürich||Nationalliga A||6||2
|-
|1998/99||St. Gallen||Nationalliga A||21||7
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Grasshopper Zürich||rowspan="2"|Nationalliga A||29||10
|-
|2000/01||19||10
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|Basel||rowspan="4"|Nationalliga A||11||4
|-
|2001/02||27||14
|-
|2002/03||29||13
|-
|2003/04||6||3

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Stuttgart||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||8||0
|-
|2004/05||1||0

|-
|2004/05||Galatasaray||Süper Lig||2||0

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Young Boys||rowspan="3"|Super League||20||6
|-
|2006/07||31||10
|-
|2007/08||32||24

|-
|2008/09||Al-Gharafa||Stars League||15||5

|-
|2009/10||Luzern||Super League||||
324||118
9||0
2||0
15||5
350||123
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2000||7||3
|-
|2001||6||2
|-
|2002||8||5
|-
|2003||6||2
|-
|2004||12||2
|-
|2005||5||0
|-
|2006||8||0
|-
|2007||9||1
|-
|2008||13||5
|-
|2009||5||0
|-
!Total||79||20
|}

References 

1977 births
Living people
Swiss footballers
Sportspeople from Basel
Lyss is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the Canton of Berne in Switzerland. It has a population of 11,000 people. About 84% of these people are Swiss German. Politically, Lyss can be called a city. The name "Lyss" comes from the local river Lyssbach.

On 1 January 2011, the old municipality of Busswil bei Büren was combined with Lyss.

References

Other websites 

 Official municipality website 

Municipalities of Bern
Cities in Switzerland
Globi is a Swiss cartoon character. He is often called the Swiss Mickey Mouse. Globi is one of the most famous cartoon figures in the Swiss-German part of Switzerland. It was created in 1932 by the Globus department store chain for advertising. It is a blue human-like parrot with a black beret and trousers in black and red. It was so much liked by the children in Switzerland that it got published independently in 1944. There are a many Globi cartoon books and tapes in Switzerland today. Its appearance has changed several times since his development.

History 

Globi was created in 1932 by the Globus stores as a media vehicle for children. They wanted to address Globi to children. First, the figure was named "Kimbukku". Because the people of the canton of Bale named the Globus warehouse "Globi", they thought would be a better name than Kimbukku. The figure was well liked by the young customers from the beginning. First "Globi" appeared as a comic strip in the magazine "der Globi". In 1935, the first book Globi the Childfriend appeared. This book has sold over a million copies. It was only really successful in Switzerland. Until today, 79 illustrated classic books have been published. The Globi books were always successful, but in the 1970s they were criticized because of the racism, sexism and violence in books of the 1940s and 1950s. Today, Globi is seen as politically correct. It started to be interested in ecology and animal protection and became more of a role model. For example, in a newer volume, Globi goes with the small rhino named Najma to Africa. The readers learn about the problems of life in the savanna of Africa for rhinos. There was also a movie with Globi in the cinemas in 2005.

Publisher 

Because of the big success of Globi, the costs for the warehouse became too big. Because of this, Globi Publisher AG was founded in 1944. Since 1 January 2007, the Globi Publisher AG has been owned by Orell Füssli Publisher. The publisher is active in the Swiss market. In addition to books, they sell other Globi merchandise. These include dishes, cutlery, watches and alarm clocks, plush toys, drapery, lamps, card games and foods. There are also tourist attractions such as Globi hotel, a trail and a bus. In December 2008, a Globi winter park was built in Engelberg. In addition to Globi, other characters including Papa-Moll and Glöbeli exist. Yearly, over 80,000 Globi comic books, 40,000 educational Globi books, between 25,000 and 30,000 Papa-Moll books and 100,000 cassettes are sold.

Today Globi Publisher employs 4 permanent employee, 2 exponents, 3-4 graphic artists and bookkeepers and about 10-12 illustrators and writers.

Book list of most important and best-sold books 

Globi’s Worldtour
Globi the Childfriend
Globi and Pinoccio in Venice
Globi and it’s Swiss adventure travel
Globi the farmer
Globi the soldier
Globi the postman
Globi the fireman
Globi in the Zoo
Globi and the railroad
Globi and panda
Globi and the madagaskarbird
Globi the knight
Globi in Paris
Globi and his adventures at the sea bottom

References

Fictional birds
Animated characters
Swiss culture
In Christianity, the Second Coming is a time when Jesus Christ will come back to earth.  The Apostles Creed and the Nicene Creed state that "Christ will come again". This coming is to judge the living and the dead.  Throughout history, there have been different ideas about the details of this event. These disagreements are related to the Millennium which is described in the Book of Revelation as a 1000 year reign of Christ on the earth. Some Christians, called Amillennialists, think the 1,000 years refers only to the eventual triumph of the Gospel. Others, called Postmillennialists think that Jesus will return physically to earth.  This will happen only after Christianity has been predominant for the 1,000 years. This may be a real 1,000 years or an indefinitely long time.  In recent times, many Christians, especially in the United States, have believed that there will be a Rapture of the Christians.  This means that at a certain time all Christians will go up to heaven to be with Jesus.  After seven years of trouble on earth, Jesus will return with all the Christians to defeat the Antichrist and rule on earth for 1,000 literal years. Others who believe in the rapture put it at in the middle or at the end of the seven years. These different views come mainly from the Book of Revelation, but other Old Testament and New Testament books are also used to develop the different views. Since the Book of Revelation uses highly symbolic language, it can be understood in different ways.  What virtually all Christians agree on is that in some way, Jesus will someday destroy all evil from the earth and bring goodness and peace.

References

Related pages
Acts
Book of Revelation

New Testament
Christian eschatology
Eschatology
Islam
A beret is a soft, round type of hat. They are similar to caps, but without the peak at the front. Berets are usually made of felt or a similar material.  Berets are often worn in France.  

Berets are worn as part of the uniform of many military and police units across the world.  Many other organizations also wear berets for different purposes.

References

Headgear
Martin Hugh Michael O'Neill, OBE (b. 1 March 1952) is an Northern Irish football manager. He is currently the manager of Sunderland F.C., and has previously managed Celtic F.C.. and Aston Villa F.C. O'Neill was born in Kilrea, Northern Ireland.

References

1952 births
Living people
Northern Irish footballers
Northern Irish football managers
James Duffy (born 27 April 1959) is a former Scottish football player and manager.

1959 births
Living people
Scottish football managers
Scottish footballers
The University of California, Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major university in Berkeley, California, United States. The oldest of the ten major campuses affiliated with the University of California, Berkeley offers some 300 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. The university occupies 6651 acres with the central campus resting on approximately 200 acres.

The University was founded in 1868 when the private College of California and the public Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College merged. Berkeley was a founding member of the Association of American Universities and 61 Nobel Laureates have been affiliated with the university as faculty, researchers and alumni. Berkeley physicists worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II and the university now manages the nation's two principal nuclear weapons laboratories: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Berkeley student-athletes compete intercollegiately as the California Golden Bears. A member of both the Pacific-12 Conference and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation in the NCAA, Cal students have won national titles in many sports, including football, men's basketball, baseball, softball, water polo, rugby and crew. In addition, they have won over 100 Olympic medals. The official colors of the university and its athletic teams are Berkeley blue and California gold.

Other websites

University of California, Berkeley official website
California Golden Bears official website

Notes

Association of American Universities
California
Berkley
Berkeley, California
1868 establishments in California
Failure rate is the frequency with which an engineered system or component fails. Usually it is expressed in a number of failures per time period, like failures per hour. It is often written as the Greek letter λ (lambda) and is important in reliability theory. In practice, the closely related Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) is more commonly expressed and used for high quality components or systems.

Failure rate is usually time dependent, and an intuitive corollary is that the rate changes over time versus the expected life cycle of a system.  For example, as an automobile grows older, the failure rate in its fifth year of service may be many times greater than its failure rate during its first year of service–one simply does not expect to replace an exhaust pipe, overhaul the brakes, or have major transmission problems in a new vehicle.  
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) is closely related to failure rate.  In the special case when the likelihood of failure remains constant with respect to time (for example, in some product like a brick or protected steel beam), and ignoring the time to recover from failure, failure rate is simply the inverse of the Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF).  MTBF is an important specification parameter in all aspects of high importance engineering design–such as naval architecture, aerospace engineering, automotive design, etc.–in short, any task where failure in a key part or of the whole of a system needs be minimized and severely curtailed, particularly where lives might be lost if such factors are not taken into account. These factors account for many safety and maintenance practices in engineering and  industry practices and government regulations, such as how often certain inspections and overhauls are required on an aircraft.

A similar ratio used in the transport industries, especially in railways and trucking is 'Mean Distance Between Failure', a variation which attempts to correlate actual loaded distances to similar reliability needs and practices.

Failure rates are important factors in insurance, business, and regulation practices as well as fundamental to design of safe systems throughout a national or international economy.

Statistics
Engineering
The Tibetan bear or Tibetan blue bear (Ursus arctos pruinosus) is a subspecies of the brown bear (Ursus arctos). It is found in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.(In the Himalayas).

Ursidaes
Mammals of Pakistan
Plants and animals of Kashmir
The Asiatic wildcat (Felis silvestris ornata) is also known as the Asian Steppe wildcat or Indian Desert cat. It is a subspecies of the Wildcat. 

It lives mainly in the Thar Desert, and the Rann of Kutch in India and Pakistan. It is about the size of a domestic cat, with a pale yellowish body marked with black spots.

References

Other websites

IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group: Asiatic Wildcat 

Felines
Mammals of Pakistan
Boiga is a large genus of mildly venomous, rear-fanged, colubrid snakes typically known as the cat-eyed snakes or just cat snakes.

Species
Boiga andamanensis (Wall, 1909) - Andaman Cat Snake
Boiga angulata (Peters, 1861) - Leyte Cat Snake
Boiga barnesii (Günther, 1869)
Boiga beddomei (Wall, 1909) - Beddome's Cat Snake
Boiga bengkuluensis (Orlov, Kudryavtzev, Ryabov & Shumakov, 2003)
Boiga blandingii (Hallowell, 1844) - Blandings Tree Snake
Boiga bourreti (Tillack, Ziegler & Le Khac Quyet, 2004)
Boiga ceylonensis (Günther, 1858) - Sri Lanka Cat Snake
Boiga cyanea (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) - Green Cat Snake
Boiga cynodon (Boie, 1827) - Dog-toothed Cat Snake
Boiga dendrophila - Gold-ringed Cat Snake or Mangrove Snake
Boiga dendrophila annectens (Boulenger, 1896)
Boiga dendrophila dendrophila (Boie, 1827)
Boiga dendrophila divergens (Taylor, 1922)
Boiga dendrophila gemmicincta (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)
Boiga dendrophila latifasciata (Boulenger, 1896)
Boiga dendrophila levitoni (Gaulke, Demegillo & Vogel, 2005)
Boiga dendrophila melanota (Boulenger, 1896)
Boiga dendrophila multicincta (Boulenger, 1896)
Boiga dendrophila occidentalis (Brongersma, 1934) 
Boiga dightoni (Boulenger, 1894) - Pirmad Cat Snake
Boiga drapiezii (Boie & Boie, 1827) - White-spotted Cat Snake
Boiga forsteni (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) - Forsten's Cat Snake
Boiga gokool (Gray, 1835) - Arrowback Tree Snake
Boiga guangxiensis (Wen, 1998)
Boiga irregularis (Merrem, 1802) - Brown Tree Snake
Boiga jaspidea (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) - Jasper Cat Snake
Boiga kraepelini (Stejneger, 1902) - Kelung Cat Snake
Boiga multifasciata (Blyth, 1861) - Many-banded Tree Snake
Boiga multomaculata (Boie, 1827) - Many-spotted Cat Snake
Boiga nigriceps (Günther, 1863) - Black-headed Cat Snake
Boiga nuchalis (Günther, 1875)
Boiga ochracea (Günther, 1868) - Tawny Cat Snake
Boiga philippina (Peters, 1867) - Philippine Cat Snake
Boiga pulverulenta (Fischer, 1856) - Fischer's Cat Snake
Boiga quincunciata (Wall, 1908)
Boiga saengsomi (Nutafand, 1985) - Banded Cat Snake
Boiga schultzei (Taylor, 1923)
Boiga siamensis (Nootpand, 1971) - Gray Cat Snake
Boiga tanahjampeana (Orlov & Ryabov, 2002)
Boiga trigonata - Indian Gamma Snake
Boiga trigonata trigonata (Schneider, 1802)
Boiga trigonata melanocephala (Annandale, 1904)
Boiga wallachi (Das, 1998) - Nicobar Cat Snake
Boiga ranawanei (Samarawickrama, Samarawickrama, Wijesena & Orlov, 2006 (2005)) - Ranawana's Golden Cat Snake

Other websites 

Boiga at The Reptile Database

Reptiles of Pakistan
Bungarus is a genus of elapid snakes. They are commonly known as kraits. Kraits are venomous. They are found in India and South-East Asia.

Reptiles of Pakistan
The Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) is a type of snake that is found in the jungles of India. This snake is a very poisonous. It is one of the "big four" snakes in India.

Reptiles of Pakistan
Black Pond turtle or Spotted Pond turtle Geoclemys hamiltonii is a species of turtle found in South Asia.

Sources

Reptiles of Pakistan
Modern database systems are governed by things about transactions called the ACID principle. In that context, several operations can be grouped into what is called a transaction. From the outside, there are two points in time: before the transaction, and after the transaction. If one operation of this transaction fails, the whole transaction will. In other words: Either all the operations are done, or none is.

References 

Computer science
Continuum is the 3rd studio album by rock musician John Mayer. The album was released in September 2006. The album holds singles by John Mayer like "Waiting on the World to Change", "Gravity", and "Belief".

Album 
The album features mainly new songs, though "Gravity" and "Vultures" are available in live versions from John Mayer Trio's Try!, and "Bold as Love", which is a Jimi Hendrix cover: the first Hendrix cover that Mayer has ever recorded as a studio release (although Mayer has recorded other Hendrix songs over time in live settings such as "The Wind Cries Mary" and "Wait Until Tomorrow"). (Mayer had played "Bold as Love" live many times prior to the release of Continuum such as on the televised Tsunami Aid: A Concert of Hope which aired on January 15, 2005.) The album contains a collaboration between Mayer and 8-string guitarist Charlie Hunter on the song "In Repair".

Singles 
 "Dreaming With a Broken Heart" (2007)
 "Waiting on the World to Change" (2007)
 "Gravity" (2007)
 "Belief" (2006)
 "Say" (only on the re-release) (2008)

Track listing 
 "Waiting on the World to Change" - 3:20
 "I Don't Trust Myself (With Loving You)" - 4:52
 "Belief" - 4:02
 "Gravity" - 4:05
 "The Heart of Life" - 3:18
 "Vultures" - 4:10
 "Stop This Train" - 4:45
 "Slow Dancing in a Burning Room" - 4:02
 "Bold as Love" - 4:18
 "Dreaming With a Broken Heart" - 4:05
 "In Repair" - 6:00
 "I'm Gonna Find Another You" - 2:43

Discography 
Album
 2002 - Room for Squares
 2003 - Heavier Things
 2006 - Continuum

Charts and certifications

References 

2006 albums
The Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii) named after William Roxburgh, is a pine native to the Himalaya. It has little green needle type leaves.

Plants of Pakistan
Plants and animals of Kashmir
Ulmus villosa (Brandis ex Gamble, the Cherry-bark Elm) is one of the more distinctive Asiatic elms. It can live a long time.

Plants of Asia
The X Factor is a British television programme, in which ordinary people who want to be singers compete for a recording contract and a cash prize. It is shown from August-December each year on Saturdays and Sundays on the channel ITV. It replaced Pop Idol by Simon Cowell in 2004.

Hosts
The show started being presented by Kate Thornton, but she left in Series 3 (2006.) Ben Shephard was hoping to present, but his offer was turned down. Instead, Dermot O'Leary took over in Series 4 (2007) and presented for 8 series, until his departure from the show in Series 10. Olly Murs and Caroline Flack became the first duo to host the show, but only lasted one season, mainly because they were very unpopular with the public. Dermot O'Leary returned to present the 13th series and has continued to present the show since.

Judges

Series overview

Xtra Factor
The Xtra Factor was the spin-off show of the X Factor UK. It is broadcast on British Television channel ITV2. The hosts of the spin-off are well known for hosting for short periods of time. The first Xtra Factor host was Ben Shephard, and he quit in Series 3, because his offer of being the main presenter (after Kate Thornton's departure) was turned down by the show's producers. Fearne Cotton  then hosted for the fourth series. Holly Willoughby, Cotton's close friend, replaced her during the following two series, but was replaced by Blue Peter former presenter, Konnie Huq in 2010, however, Konnie lasted only one series. Olly Murs and Caroline Flack became the first duo to host the Xtra Factor in Series 8, and they presented together for two seasons. Olly then left in order to focus on his music career. He was replaced by Matt Richardson, but then Caroline and Matt announced their leave. Sarah-Jane Crawford hosted for only the 11th season. The Saturdays singer Rochelle Humes teamed up with Melvin Odoom to present the Xtra Factor's twelfth season. Matt Edmondson and Rylan Clark-Neal presented the thirteenth and final series

On 18 January 2017, it was announced that The Xtra Factor would be axed after 13 years and would be replaced by an online show instead.

References

2000s British television series
2010s British television series
2004 British television series debuts
ITV reality television programmes
The X Factor
English-language television programs
Television series created by Simon Cowell
Cheryl Ann Tweedy (born 30 June 1983) is an English singer and dancer.

Career

Girls Aloud 
In 2002, Cole auditioned for music reality show Popstars: The Rivals. She and four other girls, Sarah Harding, Nicola Roberts, Kimberley Walsh, and Nadine Coyle won the competition. They formed a group called Girls Aloud on 30 November 2002, which has since been very successful. They have had 20 top ten singles in the United Kingdom, and have been nominated for four BRIT Awards, winning best single for 'The Promise."

The X Factor 
Cole was asked to become a judge on The X Factor in 2008. She won it in her first year with Alexandra Burke. Burke has had a number one single and a number one album in 2009. Cole won it again in 2009, mentoring the eventual winner Joe McElderry.

Solo work 
Cole released her first solo single, Fight for This Love, in October 2009 from her solo album "3 Words". It went straight to number one in the charts, becoming the best-selling song of 2009. Her new album 'Messy Little Raindrops' went straight to number one in the album charts, 'Promise This' is a hit single from the album. She has a new song called "Call My Name", which was released on 10 June 2012. Her autobiography was published in 2012.

Assault 
In January 2003, Cole punched a toilet attendant in a nightclub in Guildford, Surrey. In October that year, she was convicted of assault occasioning actual bodily harm. She was sentenced to 120 hours of community service.

Personal life 
Cole married Chelsea and England football player Ashley Cole in July 2006. In February 2010, they announced their separation after several newspapers claimed he had been unfaithful with other women.

References 

British autobiographers
British people convicted of assault
English dancers
English R&B singers
English pop singers
English dance musicians
English singers
English television personalities
Girls Aloud
Musicians from Tyne and Wear
People from Newcastle upon Tyne
1983 births
Living people
Dannii Minogue (born 20 October 1971) is an Australian pop singer, actress, presenter and model. She was a judge on the British television programme The X Factor from 2007 to 2010. She was born Danielle Jane Minogue in Melbourne on 20 October 1971 to a Welsh immigrant mother and Irish-Australian father. Her sister is singer Kylie Minogue. Her most successful hit was "Who Do You Love Now".

References

Other websites
Official website 

Actors from Melbourne
Australian child actors
Australian models
Australian movie actors
Australian pop singers
Australian singer-songwriters
Australian television actors
Musicians from Melbourne
Television personalities
1971 births
Living people
In music, a side project is a musical project by one or more people who are already famous for their work in another band. The term "side project" can also be used when a musician changes their style. Side projects usually happen so that a musician can do music that they would not normally do as part of the band.

Musical terminology