cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ralph Henry Baer (March 8, 1922 – December 6, 2014) was a German-American inventor and engineer, known for his contributions to the video game industry.

Because he was of Jewish descent, Baer moved to New York City in 1938. He later became a U.S. citizen.

He died at his home in Manchester, New Hampshire on December 6, 2014, according to family and friends close to him. He was 92 years old.

References

Other websites
 Ralph Baer Consultants
 Ralph Baer's US patents 

1922 births
2014 deaths
Engineers from New York
American inventors
American Jews
Businesspeople from New York City
German businesspeople
German engineers
German inventors
German Jews
Jewish businesspeople
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Businesspeople from New Hampshire
Scientists from New Hampshire
Scientists from New York City
People from Manchester, New Hampshire
People from Rhineland-Palatinate
Refugees from Nazism
Video game people
Bryan Owen "Pete" Young (born March 19 1968 in Meadville, Mississippi) is a former right-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Montreal Expos in 1992 and 1993. He went to  Mississippi State University, where he played college baseball.

Career
On June 2, , Young was drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the 22nd round of the amateur draft, but did not sign to play Minor League Baseball with Cincinnati, deciding to instead attend Mississippi State where he practiced to become a better pitcher. Young was drafted again on June 5,  by the Montreal Expos in the 6th round (148th overall pick) of the amateur draft. This time, Young signed to play in the minors in the Expos organization.

Young made his major league debut on June 5,  with the Expos at age 24. On that day, Young pitched 1⅔ innings against the Reds, striking out one batter. The Expos lost the game 10-4. Young played his final major league game for the Expos on July 18, ; on February 18, , he was purchased along with Matt Stairs by the Boston Red Sox organization, but his career ended that season after not reaching the major league club.

At the time of his retirement, Young had earned a career earned run average of 3.63. He finished with 25⅔ innings pitched, striking out 14 batters, and playing in a total of 17 games. He allowed 22 hits, 1 home run, and 9 walks. He only got one win in his career, on July 10,  against the San Diego Padres. Young came to bat only once in his two-season career.

References

Other websites

Baseball Almanac
BaseballLibrary 

1968 births
Living people

Montreal Expos players
DJ or dj may mean:
Disc jockey
Dow Jones
 Either decajoule (daJ = 101  J) or decijoule (dJ = 10-1  J), both SI units of energy 
Deejay, a term used in Dancehall music for an emcee or lyricist.
Toasting, talking or chanting over a rhythm
Dansk Jernbane ApS, a Danish railway company
DeadJournal website
Dinner jacket
Dirty Jobs
District Judge
"DJ" is a nickname of New York Yankees shortstop Derek Jeter
"DJ" is also a nickname for Cleveland Cavaliers point guard-shooting guard Damon Jones
"DJ" is also a nickname for all-star basketball guard Dennis Johnson
"DJ" is also a nickname for NASCAR champion Dale Jarrett
"DJ's" is a nickname for the David Jones Limited department store chain in Australia
DJ (song), a single by David Bowie
"DJ Lance Rock" from Yo Gabba Gabba!
Freddy Bastone was one of the youngest, most famed "DJ"'s during the club scene of the 1980s.
Djibouti, country in eastern Africa
Djembe drum, common to many drum circles.
Dee Jay, a fictional Jamaican video game character that appears in the Street Fighter series
Dell Digital Jukebox
Dirt Jumping a bicycle riding style
RBK DJ, a sneaker created by Reebok
A strip club euphemism for bouncer
Airlines Virgin Blue and Pacific Blue, whose IATA code is DJ
D.J. a play by Georgi Gospodinov about the legend of Don Juan
D.J. Carey, Kilkenny hurling player
D.J. Conner, a character on the TV sitcom Roseanne
Drake and Josh, Nickelodeon comedy
D.J. Tanner, a character on the TV show Full House
 D. J. Augustin, a Texas Longhorns basketball player
Daniel Jones (phonetician) a pronunciation dictionary of British English
Double Jeopardy, a 1999 film
Daljeet, a character, played by actor Aamir Khan, in the Hindi movie "Rang De Basanti" (RDB) released in January 2006
Deterministic jitter is a signal processing phenomenon in telecommunications
Dimension Jump (UK Convention) an annual UK Red Dwarf Convention
DJ Qualls, actor
Dust jacket, a cover on a book
A steam locomotive is a steam powered railway locomotive. It was used a lot between about 1830 and 1970. Afterwards, diesel and electric locomotives were used more often. The first steam locomotive was made by Richard Trevithick for a railway used for moving iron at an Ironworks in Wales. A steam locomotive works by burning a fuel like coal in a special space called a firebox. This produces hot gases that rise and go through tubes in a boiler - a large space with water in it. This heats the water, producing steam. The steam is then taken through another tube to a cylinder. The steam then pushes the piston which in turn pushes a metal rod that is connected to the wheels, making the locomotive move. The steam then rises out through the chimney.

Steam locomotives are still today used in many developing countries where the railways have not yet been electrified.

Other websites 

GKB 671:The longest serving steam locomotive in the world (since 1860) 
Database of surviving steam locomotives in North America
Information on North American steam railroads in operation
UK heritage railways and preserved locomotives database
Pages for the British project to build a modern steam locomotive. The Advanced Steam Locomotive. (5AT)
International Steam Locomotives 
Tracks of Time 

Locomotives
Édouard Daladier (18 June 1884 - 10 October 1970) was a French socialist politician, and Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War.  He was one of the politicians who tried to stop the war at the Munich conference in 1938, together with the British prime minister, Neville Chamberlain and the two dictators of Germany and Italy, Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini.

Other websites

1884 births
1970 deaths
French mayors
French military personnel of World War I
French people of World War II
Government ministers of France
People from Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur
Prime Ministers of France
The 1989–90 NHL season was the 73rd season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-one teams each played 80 games. The Stanley Cup winners were the Edmonton Oilers, who won the best of seven series 4–1 against the Boston Bruins.The championship was the Oilers' fifth Stanley Cup in the past four years.

This also marked the first time that all three New York City metro area teams made the playoffs in the same season.

Regular season

Final standings
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Prince of Wales Conference

Clarence Campbell Conference

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Stanley Cup playoffs
Note: All dates in 1990

Division semi-finals

Wales Conference

Campbell Conference

Division finals

Conference finals

Finals

NHL awards

All-Star teams

First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1989–90 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark debut in playoffs):
Wes Walz, Boston Bruins
Alexander Mogilny, Buffalo Sabres
Rob Ray, Buffalo Sabres
Donald Audette*, Buffalo Sabres
Sergei Makarov, Calgary Flames
Rob Blake, Los Angeles Kings
Helmut Balderis, Minnesota North Stars
Andrew Cassels, Montreal Canadiens
Lyle Odelein, Montreal Canadiens
Vyacheslav Fetisov, New Jersey Devils
Alexei Kasatonov, New Jersey Devils
Murray Baron, Philadelphia Flyers
Curtis Joseph, St. Louis Blues
Tie Domi, Toronto Maple Leafs
Vladimir Krutov, Vancouver Canucks
Igor Larionov, Vancouver Canucks
Olaf Kolzig, Washington Capitals

Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1989–90 (listed with their last team):
Reed Larson, Buffalo Sabres
Al Secord, Chicago Blackhawks
Bob Murray, Chicago Blackhawks
Duane Sutter, Chicago Blackhawks
Bernie Federko, Detroit Red Wings
Börje Salming, Detroit Red Wings
Reijo Ruotsalainen, Edmonton Oilers
Barry Beck, Los Angeles Kings
Helmut Balderis, Minnesota North Stars
Curt Fraser, Minnesota North Stars
Mark Johnson, New Jersey Devils
Ron Greschner, New York Rangers
Vladimir Krutov, Vancouver Canucks
Paul Reinhart, Vancouver Canucks
Doug Wickenheiser, Washington Capitals

References

Hockey Database
NHL.com
The Munich Agreement  was an agreement between France, Italy, Nazi Germany and Britain.  After Germany threatened an invasion of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia, the British and French prime ministers tried to get Hitler to agree not to use his military in the future in return for taking the land, including the Rhineland and others. After Hitler agreed, most people thought the agreement was a success, but Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939. Later that year, the Second World War started.

Background 

Czechoslovakia was an independent country in 1938. It was formed in 1918 after the First World War with international agreement. Hitler wanted Lebensraum (meaning "living space"), which would have all Germans in Czechoslovakia united with Germany. As most German-speakers in Czechoslovakia were in the Sudetenland, Hitler set his sights there first. He knew that most of the industrial strength of Czechoslovakia would be lost with the Sudetenland leaving Czechoslovakia. Britain, France and the Soviet Union had all agreed to support Czechoslovakia if it was invaded.

Crisis 

On September 12, 1938, Hitler told the Sudeten Germans that he would support them. On the 15th, Chamberlain met with Hitler in a last ditch-attempt to avert war. Hitler moderated his demands and said he was  interested only in parts of Czechoslovakia. Chamberlain thought that to be reasonable and that Hitler would be satisfied. However, on the 22nd, Hitler changed his demands and now said that he wanted the whole of the Sudetenland. The British Navy mobilised. and war seemed imminent. 

Mussolini persuaded Hitler to attend a four power peace conference in Munich on the 29th September. The conference was held between four leaders, Hitler for Germany, Mussolini for Italy, Chamberlain for Britain, and Daladier for France. The Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia were not invited. 

At the conference Mussolini put forward a plan (really written by the German Foreign Office) that the Sudetenland was to become part of Germany immediately. The German army was to march into the Sudetenland the following day and claim it as German territory. Britain and France agreed, Czechoslovakia was not even consulted and the USSR was horrified. Chamberlain returned to Britain to receive a hero's welcome as he had achieved "peace for our time" with his  policy. 

Edvard Beneš, the Czechoslovak president, resigned. He felt betrayed after Britain and France's promises to help Czechs. On October 1, Germans walked into the Sudetenland, and Hungary and Poland also grabbed land in Czechoslovakia that had Hungarians and Poles.

Other websites
 The Munich Agreement  - Text of the Munich Agreement on-line 

 British Pathe newsreel (includes Chamberlain's speech at Heston aerodrome) 
Peace: And the Crisis Begins from a broadcast by Dorothy Thompson, October 1, 1938

1938 in Germany
20th century in Munich
September events
World War II
Dawson Island (Lat: 53º  58’ 12” S Long: 70º 34’ 48”W) is an island in the Strait of Magellan. It is in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. It is  south of the city of Punta Arenas in Chile. It is part of the municipality of Punta Arenas. It is southeast of Brunswick Peninsula. It is an approximately  tract of land that often has harsh Antarctic weather. Its population was 415 as of the 1992 census, and 301 as of 2002. The settlements are Puerto Harris, Puerto San Antonio and Puerto Almeida.

References

Other websites 
Interactive map

Islands of Chile
Flight is a method of moving through the air.  To do this, birds use wings with light, hollow bones and feathers on them.  Birds have a streamlined body shape, so that they slip through air more easily.

Birds can move by flapping their wings, or they can stay in the same place. This is called hovering, with rapid wing beats, as with the kestrel. Birds that  soar use very little energy for it: they use columns of rising hot air to lift them. They glide from the top of a warm air current, and then move on to another warm air current. That way birds like buzzards can fly all day while using little energy.

Birds like hawks and gannets dive on their prey. They get to a height, them fold their wings and dive head-first.

Lift 
The fundamentals of bird flight are similar to those of aircraft. Lift force is produced by the action of air flow on the wing, which is an airfoil. The lift force occurs because the air has a lower pressure just above the wing and higher pressure below.

References 

Flight
Fluid mechanics
Super Mario Land is a platform video game made by Nintendo for the Game Boy game console. It is one of the only two Mario games designed by Gunpei Yokoi, and the first Mario game for a handheld console.

Plot
An evil alien monster called Tatanga comes to a kingdom called Sarasaland and kidnaps Princess Daisy. Mario comes to save her and has to go through four worlds and defeat Tatanga's four minions to rescue Daisy from Tatanga.

References

1989 video games
Game Boy games
Mario platform games
Nintendo Research & Development 1 games
The  series is a series of popular platform games by Nintendo. They feature Nintendo's mascot Mario and, in most of the games, his brother Luigi. The Mario series has been running for more than 40 years. More than 200 video games have been released in the series. The series has been named the best-selling video game series in history, with over 262 million combined units sold.

The series started out in 1981 with the arcade video game, Donkey Kong, and has since then taken off into its own series. It was created by Shigeru Miyamoto. Mario, going under the name Jumpman when Donkey Kong was first released, is the main protagonist throughout most of the series. The main antagonist of the series is Bowser, the King of all Koopas. Most of the games have something to do with jumping and defeating enemies. The games usually feature simple storylines. The most common theme in the series is Bowser, the main villain, taking away Princess Peach, who the Mario brothers try to save during the games.

Related pages 
 List of video games featuring Mario

References 

Notes
Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island (called  in Japan) is a platform video game made by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System game console. A follow-up game called Yoshi's Story was released for the Nintendo 64, and a direct sequel was released for the Nintendo DS called Yoshi's Island DS.

Plot
Yoshi's Island takes place many years before Donkey Kong, the first Mario game. Baby Mario and Baby Luigi are being taken to their parents by the Stork, but a Magikoopa named Kamek attacks it, kidnapping Baby Luigi and causing Baby Mario to drop to Yoshi's Island. Baby Mario lands on the back of Yoshi, who, along with seven other Yoshis, helps Baby Mario defeat Baby Bowser and rescue Baby Luigi.

1995 video games
Mario platform games
Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development games
Nintendo Research & Development 2 games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Virtual Console games
Yoshi games
A palindrome is a word, sentence, or number that reads the same from left to right as from right to left. Punctuation does not matter, but letters and digits do. All alphabetic languages have palindromes. The first palindrome was the Latin Sator Square, which reads:

You can read it horizontally, backwards, even vertically!

Examples of Palindromes

Words 
 Mum
 Dad
 Deed
 Level
 Radar
 Kayak
 Eye

Sentences 
 Was it a cat I saw?
 Do geese see God?
 Rats live on no evil star.
 Never odd or even.
 Madam, I'm Adam.
 Go Hang a salami I'm a lasagna hog
 Top spot
 Nurses run

Numbers 
 1881
 1991
 2002

References

Related pages 
Palindromic prime

Other websites 

Linguistics
Environmentalism is both a philosophy and a social movement that is about protecting nature. It advocates helping to preserve, protect, and restore the natural environment from damage.  Environmentalists often talk about threats to the earth from pollution, climate change and overpopulation.  Environmentalism is both personal and political.  In their own lives, environmentalists do things that are better for the earth, such as recycling, using natural products, and supporting businesses that try not to harm the environment.  Politically, they support laws that help the environment, like laws against pollution.

The word Environmentalism comes from 'environmental' and '-ism'.  'Environmental' is the chemical, physical, and biological components of the environment while '-ism' is a suffix used to create action nouns out of verbs.

Related pages 
Anti-capitalism
Car-free movement
Conservation biology
Earth Day
Ecology
Greenwashing
Simple living
Sustainability
United Nations Environment Programme
Voluntary Human Extinction Movement

Further reading

Differing arguments

References

Environmental issues
Green politics
The Triple Entente (English: Triple Agreement) was the name given to an alliance between the United Kingdom, France and the Russian Empire. The alliance was made after the Anglo-Russian Entente, an agreement between Britain and Russia in 1907. The alliance was made stronger by agreements made with Japan, the United States and Spain. In this form, there was a balance of power, which meant that no group was much stronger than any other one, with the "Triple Alliance" of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. If Italy was attacked by France she would have the help of the other two powers, and if France attacked Germany Italy would help Germany and danger was that if triple alliance was if France should come into an agreement with Russia. The was solved by Bismarck by persuading Russia and Austria [Hungary] to revive the old Dreikaiserbund treaty.            

With the First World War, these ententes were not military agreements - but they later involved the military because of the problems between the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente. That's why the Triple Entente became a military alliance. In 1915, Italy left the Triple Alliance, and from 1916 fought against Germany. The Russian revolution in October 1917 meant that Russia left the alliance, but the military alliance between France and the UK lasted until 1940, when Nazi Germany invaded France.
Later on, Italy joined the Entente in a battle against Austria–Hungary in May 1915 and Germany in August 1916. Dudley, Thomas Lloyd and Davey Murphy.
the triple entente was to fight for the Anglo German navy race countries had to become stronger.  

During World War I, the alliance was expanded to create a multinational coalition, known as the "Allies".   

This included:  

 France
 Russia

 Serbia

 Monetenegro
 Japan
 Italy

 Romania

 Kingdom of Greece
 Siam

 China

 Asir
 Nejd and Hasa
 Hejaz
 Armenia
  

Military alliances
World War I
20th century in the United Kingdom
20th century in France
20th century in Russia

da:Ententemagterne
The Triple Alliance was a military alliance (agreement to fight together) between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, that lasted from 1880 until the start of World War I in 1914.  The three countries promised to help each other if another country attacked them.  Some Italian people were not happy about the agreement because Austria-Hungary was an old enemy.  In 1914, the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente (France, Russia and the United Kingdom) started World War I. In 1915, Italy left the alliance and fought against Austria-Hungary and Germany from 1916.

The triple Alliance had many strong points but also negative ones. The positive ones were: the Alliance included two very powerful countries which were industrialized but the negatives were that if war were to be declared they would be encircled by the Triple Entente (France, Russia, and Britain). That would mean that they would have to divide their troops in two which would make the Germans much weaker

Bismark was the man behind the formation of the Triple Alliance. It was started as a dual alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary because Germany had defeated the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-1871. 

With the outbreak of war amongst all of Europe, the Ottoman Empire joined the Triple Alliance in a pursuit of protection and power. 

German Empire
History of Austria
History of Hungary
History of Italy
Military alliances
World War I
1882 establishments in Europe
1914 disestablishments in Europe
Marco Pantani (13 January 1970 – 14 February 2004) was an Italian professional cyclist. He was born in Cesena, Emilia-Romagna. He was very good at climbing mountains in races. In 1998 he won both the Tour de France and the Giro d'Italia. He was a popular cyclist, and his Italian fans gave him the nickname 'Il Pirata' (the pirate) because of his appearance (he often wore a bandana) and because of his aggressive riding style. He failed a test in the 1999 Giro d'Italia. He returned to cycling, but never won a major race again. In June of 2003 he went into hospital with depression. He died of a cocaine overdose in 2004 in Rimini, Emilia-Romagna. His last entry in his diary read:

Major results

Tour de France results
1994: 3rd overall; 2nd mountains classification; 1st young rider classification (Maillot blanc)
1995: 13th overall; 1st young rider classification (Maillot blanc); Stage 10 and 14 wins
1997: 3rd overall; Stage 13 and 15 wins
1998: 1st overall (maillot jaune); 7 days in maillot jaune; 2nd mountains classification; Stage 11 and 15 wins
2000: Did not finish; Stage 12 and 15 wins

Giro d'Italia results 
 1994: 2nd overall; 2nd young rider classification; 3rd mountains classification; Stage 14 and 15 wins
 1998: 1st overall (maglia rosa); 1st mountains classification (maglia verde); Stage 14 and 19 wins
 1999: Stage 8, 15, 19 and 20 wins
 2000: 28th overall
 2003: 14th overall

Other stage races and classics 
 UCI Road World Championships Road Race (1995): 3rd (Bronze Medal)
 Vuelta a Murcia (1999): 1st overall
 Tour de Suisse (1995): Stage 9 win
 Setmana Catalana (1999): Stage 2 win
 Vuelta a Murcia (1998): 3rd overall; Stage 4a win
 Summer Olympics Men's Road Race (2000): 69th place

Other websites
Italian Official website
Fansite 
Selection of videos of Marco Pantani in the alps

References

Further reading

1970 births
2004 deaths
2000 Summer Olympics
Drug-related deaths
Italian cyclists
Italian Olympians
Sportspeople from Emilia-Romagna
Tour de France winners
Conscience is something that tells people if what they are doing is right or wrong. Having it can make people sad about what they have done. It is the sense of the moral goodness or blameworthiness of one's own conduct, intentions, or character together with a feeling of obligation to do right or be good.

Origin
Middle English (also in the sense ‘inner thoughts or knowledge’): via Old French from Latin conscientia, from conscient- ‘being privy to’, from the verb conscire, from con- ‘with’ + scire ‘know’.

Related pages
 Conscientious objector
 Consciousness
 Guilt
 Ethics
 Freedom
 John Locke
 Morality
 Reason

Other websites 

 '' A chapter on Conscience  From Parenting For Everyone, by S.Soloveychik, 1986

Ethics
Human skills
Political philosophy
Clare can mean:

Places
 Australia:
 Clare, South Australia, a town in the Clare Valley
 Clare Valley, a wine region in Australia
 Canada:
 Clare (municipal district), a district municipality in Nova Scotia
 Clare (electoral district), an electoral district in Nova Scotia
 Ireland:
 County Clare, one of the 32 counties of Ireland
 Clare (constituency), any of several electoral constituencies
 Clare (river), a river in County Galway
 Clare Island, an island in County Mayo
 Clarecastle, a village in County Clare
 United Kingdom:
 Clare, Suffolk, a small town
 Clare College, Cambridge, a college of the University of Cambridge
 United States:
 Clare, Indiana
 Clare, Iowa
 Clare, New York
 Clare County, Michigan
 Mount Clare, Illinois

Schools
 Saint Clare School

People 
Are you looking for Claire?
 Saint Clare of Assisi, foundress of the Poor Clares and companion of Saint Francis
 Saint Clare of Montefalco, an Augustinian Catholic saint
 Blessed Clare of Rimini, a beatified Poor Clare nun
 Clare Balding, a sports presenter
 Clare Buckfield, an English actress
 Clare Martin, an Australian politician
 Clare Short, a British politician
 Dustin Clare, an Australian actor
 John Clare, a 19th-century poet
 de Clare family, an aristocratic English family in medieval times

Fictional people
 Clare (Power Rangers), fictional character on the series Power Rangers: Mystic Force
 Angel Clare, a character from Tess of the d'Urbervilles
 A character from the webcomic No Rest for the Wicked.
 Clare, the main character from the manga Claymore and anime Claymore TV Series.
 Clare Abshire, a character from the book The Time Traveler's Wife
 Clare Quilty, a character in Lolita.
 Clare, in the British comic strip Clare in the Community

Other
 CLARE (Contact lens acute red eye), an inflammatory condition of the cornea due to overwearing of contact lenses

Related pages
 Claire
 Clara (disambiguation)
Bernard Hinault (born 14 November 1954) in Yffiniac is a French cyclist who won the Tour de France five times. He is also one of only seven cyclists to have won all three Grand Tours, the Tour de France, the Giro d'Italia, and the Vuelta a España. He is one of the two cyclists who has won each Grand Tour more than once. He won the Tour de France in 1978, 1979, 1981, 1982 and 1985. He was first in the Giro d'Italia in 1980, 1982 and 1985. He was first in the Vuelta a España in 1978 and 1983. Hinault had the nickname Le Blaireau (the Badger). Hinault says this was a local custom with cyclists when he was young. Professional cyclists used the nickname because badgers do not let go of their prey (animals they want to eat) easily. People know him as a very independent and strong man.

Professional highlights

Pro Team Sponsors 
Gitane-Campagnolo: 1977
Renault-Elf-Gitane: 1978-1983
La Vie Claire: 1984-1986

Main victories 

1977
Liège-Bastogne-Liège
Gent-Wevelgem
Grand Prix des Nations
Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
1978
Tour de France
 1st place overall classification
Winner stages 8, 15 and 20
3 days in yellow jersey
 Vuelta a España
Grand Prix des Nations
1979
Tour de France
 1st place overall classification
 1st place points classification
Winner stages 2, 3, 11, 15, 21, 23 and 24
17 days in yellow jersey
Giro di Lombardia
La Flèche Wallonne
Grand Prix des Nations
Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
1980
Tour de France
Winner prologue, stages 4 and 5
2 days in yellow jersey
Giro d'Italia
 1st place overall classification
Winner stage 14
5 days in pink jersey
 World Road Cycling Championship
Liège-Bastogne-Liège
Tour de Romandie
1981
Tour de France
 1st place overall classification
Winner stages 7, 16, 20 and 22
18 days in yellow jersey
Winner Combativity award
Paris-Roubaix
Amstel Gold Race
Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
1982
Tour de France
 1st place overall classification
Winner prologue, stages 15, 20 and 22
12 days in yellow jersey
Giro d'Italia
 1st place overall classification
Winner prologue, stages 3, 12, 18, 22
15 days in pink jersey
Grand Prix des Nations
1983
 Vuelta a España
La Flèche Wallonne
1984
Tour de France
Second place overall classification
Winner prologue
1 day in yellow jersey
Winner Combativity award
Giro di Lombardia
Grand Prix des Nations
Quatre Jours de Dunkerque
1985
Tour de France
 1st place overall classification
Winner prologue, stage 8
16 days in yellow jersey
Giro d'Italia
 1st place overall classification
Winner stage 12
10 days in pink jersey
1986
Tour de France
Second place overall classification
 1st place mountains classification
Winner stages 9, 18 and 20
5 days in yellow jersey
Winner Combativity award

Hinault also won the season-long Super Prestige Pernod International competition four times from 1979 to 1982, the same as Jacques Anquetil's total.

References 
 Memories of the peloton by Bernard Hinault, Vitesse Press, ©1989., 
 Hinault par Hinault by Bernard Hinault, Editions Jacob Duvernet, ©2005.
 

1954 births
Living people
French cyclists
People from Brittany
Tour de France winners
Vuelta a España winners
Muzaffarabad () is the capital city of Azad Kashmir. It is in Muzaffarabad District on the banks of the Jhelum and Neelum rivers. It is very hilly. 

The district is bounded by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the west, by the Kupwara and Baramulla districts of the Indian Jammu and Kashmir in the east, and the Neelum District of Azad Kashmir in the north. 

Cities in Pakistan
Capital cities in Pakistan
Hill Stations in Pakistan
Hugo Marie de Vries (Haarlem, 16 February 1848 – Lunteren, 21 May 1935) was a Dutch botanist and one of the first geneticists. He suggested the concept of genes, rediscovered Gregor Mendel's laws of heredity, and introduced the term mutation. He developed a mistaken mutation theory of evolution, mainly due to the peculiarities of his favourite organism, the Evening Primrose (Oenothera lamarckiana).

Carl Correns also – independently – rediscovered Gregor Mendel's work on genetics. Erich von Tschermak's status as a third rediscoverer is now less convincing.

References 

1848 births
1935 deaths
Cell biology
Dutch scientists
Geneticists
People from Haarlem
Carl Erich Correns (10 September 1864 – 14 February 1933) was a German botanist and geneticist. His research into heredity led to his rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's earlier work. 

Hugo de Vries also – independently – rediscovered Gregor Mendel's work on genetics. Erich von Tschermak's status as a third rediscoverer is now less convincing.

Correns grew hybrids of peas, and of maize, and reached the same interpretation as Mendel, in 1899. 

The occurrence of cases in which the heterozygote is intermediate (the absence of dominance) was added in a footnote to his 1900 paper. That dominance was not always present had been seen and understood by Mendel, according to his letters to Nägeli. By a quirk of history Correns was a student of Nägeli, a renowned botanist with whom Mendel corresponded about his work with peas. Nägeli failed to understand how significant Mendel's work was.

In 1913 Correns became the first director of the newly founded Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology in Berlin-Dahlem.

Later work 
Correns produced the first evidence of cytoplasmic inheritance, in his 1909 paper on variegated leaf colour in Mirabilis jalapa. The basis of this inheritance is that chloroplasts, the organelles which conduct photosynthesis, are inherited solely from the maternal parent.

References 

1964 births
1933 deaths

German botanists
German geneticists
Erich von Tschermak-Seysenegg (15 November 1871 – October 11 1962) was an Austrian botanist.

Von Tschermak is one of three men – the others were Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns – who were credited with independently rediscovering Gregor Mendel's work on genetics. Von Tschermak published his findings in June 1900.

By a quirk of history, Correns had been a student of Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli. Nageli was a renowned botanist with whom Mendel corresponded about his work with peas, but who failed to understand how significant Mendel's work was. Von Tschermak was a grandson of a man who taught Mendel botany during his student days in Vienna.

Reassessment 
Though von Tschermak was originally also credited with the rediscovery, this is no longer generally accepted, because he did not understand Mendel's laws.

References

Other websites 
 Article relating the work of Gregor Mendel 

1871 births
1962 deaths

Austrian biologists
Botanists
Alexander Emmanuel Rodriguez (born July 27, 1975 in New York City, New York). In the past, he played as shortstop for the Seattle Mariners and Texas Rangers. 
 
He is currently first in runs scored and total bases; second in extra base hits and RBI, and 4th in hits among all players in baseball history since their 31st birthday. Also, Rodriguez has more HR, RBI, runs scored and more base hits than all-time leaders Hank Aaron (RBI), Barry Bonds (HR), Rickey Henderson (runs scored), and Pete Rose (hits) did before their 31st birthdays. He is the youngest player ever to hit 500 home runs, breaking the record Jimmie Foxx set in 1939.

He has been said to be one of the best all-around players currently in baseball. 

In 2009, he admitted to using steroids from 2001-2003, during his time with the Texas Rangers, in order to become better at baseball.

His playing career ended in August of 2016.

References

Other websites 

 Alex Rodríguez at The Internet Movie Database
 AROD.com  - Alex Rodriguez's official website
 A-Rod's Salary: Watching for Collusion  on Time.com
 ESPN E-Ticket article - Alex Rodriguez 2007, King of Gotham?
 Men's Vogue April 2008 feature article on A-Rod 

American baseball players
Sportspeople from New York City
Seattle Mariners players
Texas Rangers players
New York Yankees players
1975 births
Living people
Alex shortened version of the male name Alexander or the female version Alexandria.  Both names mean "protector of men" or "defender of men".

Art and entertainment
Alex Cox (born 1954), British film director
Alex Grey (born 1953), American artist
Alex Kapranos (born 1972), Greek/British singer for the Scottish band Franz Ferdinand
Alex Lifeson (born 1953), Canadian guitarist for the rock band Rush
Alex Naumik (born 1951), Polish Norwegian funk rock musician
Alex Pettyfer (born 1990), English actor who plays Alex Rider in the film Stormbreaker
Alex Trebek (born 1940), Canadian/American TV personality  and game show host
Alex Turner (musician) (born 1986), English singer for the Arctic Monkeys
Alex Van Halen (born 1953), Dutch/American drummer with the band Van Halen
Alex Varkatzas (born 1982), American lead vocalist with the alternative metal band Atreyu
Alex Jolig (born 1963), German actor, singer and motorcycle racer
Alex Webster (born 1969), American bassist for the death metal band Cannibal Corpse
Alex Murrin (born 1996), South African survived zombie apocalypse

Sport
Alex Rodriguez (born 1975), baseball player for the New York Yankees
Alex Shelley (born 1983), Patrick Martin, professional wrestler
Sir Alex Ferguson (born 1941), manager of Manchester United Football Club
Alex Rodrigo Dias da Costa (born 1982), a central defender for Chelsea F.C. and the Brazil national football team
Alessandro dos Santos (born 1977), a defensive midfielder for Red Bull Salzburg and the Japan national football team
Alexandro de Souza (born 1977), an attacking midfielder for Fenerbahçe S.K.
Alex McLeish (born 1959), Scottish footballer and manager of the national side for 10 months
Alex Menzies (c.1932- 1990), Scottish professional footballer
Alex Raphael Meschini (born 1982), Brazilian football player currently playing for Internacional

Fictional characters
Alex DeLarge, A Clockwork Orange
Alex Fernandez (Ghostwriter)
Alex Masterley, the main character in the Daily Telegraph's daily comic strip, Alex
Alex Kidd, a video game character for the Sega company
Alex Krycek, TV series The X-files
Alex P. Keaton, TV series Family Ties
Alex Power, Marvel Universe
Alex Rider, eponymous series
Alex Row, anime series Last Exile
Alex Rowe, character from the TV series, Lost
Alex (Street Fighter), Street Fighter III video game series
Alex (Tekken), Tekken fighting game series
Alex (comics), Marvel comics universe
Alex, video game Golden Sun
Alex (Madagascar), Madagascar
Alex the Dog, the mascot of Stroh's Beer from 1984–1989
Dr. Alex Karev, TV series Grey's Anatomy
Alex, Totally Spies!

Places
Alex, Haute-Savoie, France
Alex, Oklahoma, USA
Alex (restaurant), Las Vegas, USA

Other usage
Alex George (born 1939), Australian botanist
Alex (videotex service), by Bell Canada in the early 1990s
Tropical Storm Alex, a number of named tropical cyclones
Alex (sniper rifle), a Polish sniper rifle
Alex (1908 Automobile), an early British automobile
Alex (parrot), talking parrot studied by Dr. Irene Pepperberg
Alex's Lemonade Stand, pediatric cancer charity fundraiser

Related pages
Special:Allpages/Alex

Given names
La Tomatina is a festival held on the last Wednesday of August each year in the town of Buñol in the Valencia region of Spain. Many people come from all over the world to throw one hundred tons of over-ripe tomatoes in the streets.

 Oficiales tickets Tomatina

Tomatoes
Valencia (autonomous community)
Festivals in Europe
August events
Spanish culture
A wallaroo is an Australian macropod with its size between the big kangaroos and the small wallabies. The name "wallaroo" is a mix of wallaby and kangaroo. Most wallaroos are smaller than a kangaroo, and live in open, rocky country. Wallaroo means "rock kangaroo". There are three types of wallaroo. They all stand the same way: wrists raised, elbows close into the body, and shoulders back, and all have a large, black nose.

Wallaroo species

Macropus robustus 
The eastern wallaroo, Macropus robustus, sometimes called the, common wallaroo or just wallaroo lives on the sides of the Great Dividing Range (which runs for more than 3,000 km along the eastern and south-eastern coast of Australia). There are four subspecies of Eastern Wallaroo: 
 the Eastern Wallaroo, which lives across Australia
 the Euro, also widespread
 one that lives only on Barrow Island
 one that lives only in the Kimberley area of Western Australia

Macropus bernardus 
Woodward's wallaroo or black wallaroo, Macropus bernardus, lives in steep, rocky ground in Arnhem Land. Between 60 to 70 cm in length (without tail) it is the smallest wallaroo and the most heavily built. Males weigh 19 to 22 kg, females about 13 kg.

Macropus antilopinus 
The antilopine wallaroo, Macropus antilopinus, also called the antilopine kangaroo, is different to other wallaroos. It is, more like the eastern and western grey kangaroos. It lives in groups on the grassy plains and woodlands, where the other wallaroos live by themselves.

References

Macropods
Marsupials of Australia
Zoë (and other such names) is a female name which came from ancient Greece and means "life" in Greek. 

Some uses of the name are:

Real people
 Zoe Ball, British television presenter
 Zooey Deschanel, American actress/musician
 Zoe Karbonopsina (died c. 920), Byzantine empress
 Zoe (empress), Byzantine empress (c. 978–1050)
 Zoe Palaiologina, (c. 1455–April 7, 1503), wife of Tsar Ivan III of Russia
 Zoë (singer), English pop star who had a 1991 hit with "Sunshine On A Rainy Day"
 Zoey (singer), a J-Pop singer

Fictional characters
 Zoë (Sluggy Freelance), a character from the Sluggy Freelance comic strip
 Zoë Castillo, a character from the computer game Dreamfall: The Longest Journey
 Zoé (Little Big Adventure), a character from Little Big Adventure video games
 Zoë, a character in the series Monarch of the Glen
 Zoë (All My Children), a character on the All My Children soap opera
 Zoe Reynolds a character played by Keeley Hawes in the BBC television series Spooks, (MI-5 in the United States)
 Zoe Orimoto, a character from Digimon Frontier
 Zoe Washburne, from the television series [[Firefly (TV series)|Firefly]]
 Zoe Heriot, a character in the television series Doctor Who
 Zoë (Sesame Street), a Muppet
 Zoe MacPherson, a character from the Baby Blues comic strip
 Zoey (Pokémon)
 Zoey Brooks, main character on Zoey 101
 Zoey Hanson, Ichigo Momomiya's English dub name in Tokyo Mew Mew (Mew Mew Power)
 Zooey Glass, One of the principal characters in Franny and Zooey the dual stories published by J.D. Salinger in 1955

Given names
Richard Duane "Rick" Warren (born January 28, 1954) is both founder and pastor of the evangelical Baptist Saddleback Church in Southern California. It is the largest church in California. He is also the best-selling author of many Christian books, such as The Purpose Driven Life. He is also an influential evangelical leader.

Warren was born in San Jose, California.

Other websites 

1954 births
Living people
American Baptists
American Evangelicals
Christian ministers
Christian religious leaders
Christian writers
People from San Jose, California
Writers from California
Peptides are organic chemical molecules. They are polymers made from linking amino acids together in a certain order. The link between one amino acid residue and the next is known as an amide bond or a peptide bond.

Linking peptides together gives proteins, which are also known as Polypeptides.

Molecular biology
Polymers
A cubic foot is a measure of volume. It is the amount of liquid that can be fit into a box 1 foot deep, one foot wide, and one foot in length. A cubic foot can be written ft3. It is used in the United States, and partially in Canada, and the United Kingdom.

Units of area

ja:フィート#立方フィート
Palembang is a city in Indonesia. It is in the south of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. As of mid-2019, 1,662,893 people live there. It is the capital of the province of South Sumatra.

History 
The city was the capital of the old, Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya that included a large part of Malaysia and Indonesia. After a 1025 raid by the Chola Empire of southern India it became less imortant. Srivijaya's capital moved north to Jambi. Palembang is also the home of Parameswara, the ruler of Malacca (a state in Malaysia) who started the most important empire in Malaysian history. 

The Battle of Palembang was fought near the city during the Second World War between February 13-February 15 1942. Japanese forces captured the airport and nearby oil refinery after a short but bloody battle.

Economy 
Palembang's economy has grown after it became a venue for National Sporting Event in 2004. . Palembang was also one of hosts of the 2007 AFC Asian Cup.

The city is served by Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport which has many flights to many cities in Indonesia and also to Singapore and Malaysia.

This city is famous in Indonesia for its "Pempek" fish cakes.

References

Other websites 
 City of Palembang government - in Indonesian
 Heraldry of Palembang
 Visit Musi 2008 

Cities in Indonesia
Beccles is a small market town in Suffolk, England, around the area of The Broads. The town had a population of about 9, 850 people around 2005. Beccles has a suburb called Worlingham which has a combined population of about 13,580.  Beccles is twinned with Petit-Couronne in France.

History

Beccles was once a flourishing Saxon riverport, but today it is in the Waveney valley. There is a popular boating centre. The town was granted its Charter in 1584 by Queen Elizabeth I.

The Peck family was associated with Beccles for a long time. The Puritan Peck was eventually forced to leave, and went to Hingham, Massachusetts, founded by many members of his parish, where he lived for several years, until King Charles I had been executed and Oliver Cromwell was in charge of government. At that time, Robert Peck decided to return to Hingham, Norfolk, and continued his pastorship of St. Andrews Church. He died in Hingham but he left descendants in America, as well as his brother Joseph Peck, who settled in Rehoboth, Massachusetts.

References 

Market towns in England
Towns in Suffolk
Darwinism is a term used to talk about ideas connected to those Charles Darwin had about evolution. The meaning of 'Darwinism' has changed over time, and depends on who uses the term.

Summary 

 Within any population, there is natural variation. Some individuals have more favourable variations than others.
 Even though all species produce a large number of offsprings, populations remain fairly constant naturally.
 This is due to the struggle between members of the same species and different species for food, space, and mate.
 The struggle for survival within populations eliminates the unfit individuals. The fit individuals possessing favourable variations survive and reproduce. This is called natural selection (or survival of the fittest).
 The individuals having favourable variations pass on these variations to their progeny from generation to generation. 
 These variations when accumulated over a long period of time, lead to the origin of new species.

History 
The term was coined by Thomas Henry Huxley in April 1860. He used it to describe evolutionary concepts, including similar ideas such as Malthusianism and Spencerism. In the late 19th century it came to mean the concept that natural selection was the only mechanism of evolution, in contrast to Lamarckism. Around 1900, Gregor Mendel's work was rediscovered. Today, Darwin and Mendel's ideas have been brought together. The term 'Darwinism' has become associated with the modern evolutionary synthesis.

References

Evolution
Charles Darwin
Istria (Croatian, Slovene: Istra, Italian: Istria), formerly Histria (Latin), is the biggest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea.

Census data 

Source: Croatian Census - 2001. Slovenian Census - 2002. Italian Census - 1970/2001

Related pages
Istrian-Dalmatian exodus

References 

History of Europe
Geography of Croatia
Geography of Slovenia
Geography of Italy
Italian-speaking countries
Prenatal testing or Prenatal diagnosis are tests done on pregnant women. They are used to test fetuses for birth defects and some genetic disorders. 

Prenatal tests can be non-invasive or invasive.  Non-invasive tests include things like utrasounds. In invasive tests, a needle is inserted - for example, to get a sample of fluid from the placenta). 

Prenatal tests can check for many conditions, like:
 Down syndrome
 Spina bifida 
 Cleft palate
 Tay-Sachs disease
 Sickle-cell disease
 Thalassaemia
 Cystic fibrosis
 Fragile X syndrome

In some cases, the tests are administered to determine if the parents want to abort the fetus.

In some cases, fetal screening has been done to identify things that are not birth defects. For example, in some parts of the world, if an ultrasound shows that a fetus is female, it is sometimes aborted.  The rise of designer babies raises a number of ethical and legal issues.

Medicine
Compulsory sterilization is a term used for laws that force certain groups of people to be sterilized so that they can no longer make babies. International Criminal Court considers compulsory sterilization for a "crime against humanity". Transgender persons are often obliged to undergo sterilization for legal rocognition of legal status depite the Principle 3 of the Yogyakarta Principles. 

Such laws were mainly introduced because of Eugenic views of the start of the 20th century. Today, most compulsory sterilizations are done to mentally ill people who are not able to handle a pregnancy on their own. In China, compulsory sterilization is part of family planning.

Note 

Contraception
Human rights