cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Wall-E is a 2008 American animated movie created by Pixar and Disney. It was released on June 27, 2008 by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.

Release Dates

Plot 
In 2805, Earth has been polluted with waste and humanity has abandoned the planet, by boarding a giant cruise ship called Axiom. They have built hundreds of domestic robots called WALL-E, who made a piled cubes of waste in an attempt to restore the planet for the company. Seven hundred years later, one robot spends most days, cleaning the city and collecting essential properties, before finding a surviving plant hidden in a refrigerator.

A rocket appears and assigns EVE to investigate the city. WALL-E meets and invites EVE into his home. He shows the Hello Dolly movie on a videocassette recorder. When WALL-E shows a plant for EVE, she takes it and becomes deactivated. The same rocket appears on Earth, takes EVE and returns to outer space, with WALL-E following it.

As the rocket returns to the ship, WALL-E notices that all humans had gained weight and lost some bones, while sitting on each chairs, and every robots serve them. The AUTO and Captain McCrea examine EVE's body in the main dock, only to find the plant gone.

When WALL-E inadvertently destroys the security system at the repair ward, he and EVE escape from the hallway. EVE attempts to send WALL-E to the escape pod, but they discover that Gopher placed the plant in the pod, when he stole it from EVE. WALL-E uses a fire extinguisher to save himself and the plant, before the pod self destructs.

The robots return to the ship. As McCrea watches each videos EVE recorded on Earth, he realises they must return to Earth. However, AUTO refuses, revealing he stole the plant for Gopher, and its outdated secret directive no-return issued to all AUTOs by BNL inaccurately believing Earth to be to toxic to live and that humans should survive in space forever. A furious McCrea argues how the plant is proof against the directive, but AUTO and Gopher stage a treacherous mutiny: Gopher discards the plant in a waste shaft, WALL-E hides it, before he is electrocuted by AUTO and EVE is shut down, and both are sent down to the shaft, and McCrea is trapped in the room.

EVE wakes up and saves WALL-E from being sent into space. They help all humans and robots take control of the ship. WALL-E is able to prevent AUTO from closing the machine, despite getting crushed afterwards, and McCrea recovers and disables AUTO. After the ship returns to Earth, EVE repairs WALL-E's body. Though WALL-E cannot remember EVE, the spark makes them remember each other. The movie ends with all humans and robots restoring all life on Earth.

Cast 

WALL-E / M-O - Ben Burtt
EVE - Elissa Knight
Captain B. McCrea - Jeff Garlin
Auto / M-O - PlainTalk
Shelby Forthright, BNL CEO - Fred Willard
Axiom's Computer - Sigourney Weaver

References

Other websites 
 WALL-E's Official site and trailers
 

2008 animated movies
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
Fictional robots
Pixar movies
Movies that won the Best Animated Feature Academy Award
Post-apocalyptic movies
Dystopian movies
Movies directed by Andrew Stanton
In movie and video, live-action is a work that is acted out by human actors, instead of animating the works as in the animated version of E. B. White's Charlotte's Web.

Technology
John Charles Hagee (born April 12, 1940) is the founder and senior pastor of Cornerstone Church in San Antonio, Texas, a church with more than 19,000 members. Hagee is CEO at his non-profit corporation, Global Evangelism Television (GETV).

He is also founder and chairman of Christians United for Israel (CUFI). This is a Christian organization supporting Zionism.

Hagee is a Pentecostal, and wrote a lot of Christian books.

He is critical of Islam, European Union, communism, feminism, abortion and a man-made climate change.

References

Other websites 

John Hagee Ministries website
Cornerstone Church website

1940 births
Living people
American conservatives
American Pentecostals
American theologians
Anti-Communists
Christian ministers
Christian theologians
Christian writers
Creationists
Television evangelists
Television personalities from Texas
Writers from San Antonio, Texas
Zionists
A protectorate is a state that is protected by another, larger and stronger country based on an agreement between the protectorate and the protecting country. These were very common in the 19th century, especially in Africa and South Asia, when European countries would give protection to small states or places there. Often they also made an international trade agreement which restricted the trade of other foreign states. 

The British Empire had many protectorates around the world. The first was The Protectorate of the Commonwealth of England in the 1660s, Bahrain was also a British protectorate until it gained independence. Later, Kuwait was a British protectorate from 1899 to 1961 and is now independent. Sikkim was a protectorate of India until 1975 and now is a state of India. Bhutan is also a protected state of India.

Related pages 
 Client state

Countries
Taranto is a city in the Apulia region of Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto. The population is 201,349. Taranto also has a large port.

References 

Capital cities in Italy
Cities in Apulia
Olbia (, ) is a city in the region of Sardinia. Together with Tempio Pausania it is the capital of the Province of Olbia-Tempio.

References 

Capital cities in Italy
Cities and towns in Sardinia
Communes of Sardinia
Civitavecchia is a city in the region of Lazio, Italy. It is 80 km north of Rome. It has a sea port.

References 

Cities in Lazio
Agrigento () is a city in the region of Sicily in southern Italy. It is also the capital of the Province of Agrigento. There are many relics there from the ancient Greeks and the Roman empire.

References 

Capital cities in Italy
Cities in Sicily
Reggio Emilia is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. It has 167,013 people living in it.

References 

Cities in Emilia-Romagna
Capital cities in Italy
Coke may mean:

 Coke (fuel), a solid residue that contains carbon, and is derived from destructive distillation of coal
 Petroleum coke, a solid carbon rich residue derived from distillation of crude oil
 Cocaine, a drug extracted from the leaf of the coca plant
 Coca-Cola, a soft drink originally based on coca leaf extract
 The Coca-Cola Company, makers of this drink
 Cola, any soft drink similar to Coca-Cola
 Soft drink, any nonalcoholic carbonated beverage
 Coke County, Texas, a county in central Texas, United States

People named Coke 
 David Coke (1915–1941), a British pilot during World War II
 Edward Coke (1552–1634), English entrepreneur and jurist
 Edward Coke (1758-1837), a British politician and landowner
 Edward Coke, 7th Earl of Leicester (born 1936), an English earl
 Giles Coke, an English footballer
 John Coke, an English politician
 Peter Coke, a British actor, playwright and artist
 Richard Coke, an American lawyer, farmer, and statesman
 Thomas Coke, the first Methodist Bishop
 Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester (seventh creation), agricultural reformer

it:Carbone#Coke
Cagliari () is a city in the region of Sardinia in Italy. It is also the capital of the Province of Cagliari. Cagliari has one of the biggest ports in the Mediterranea Sea and an international airport.

There are 149,575 people living in the city. With an area of , its population density is of  inhabitants/km². It is bordered by the comuni of Assemini, Capoterra, Elmas, Monserrato, Quartu Sant'Elena, Quartucciu, Selargius and Sestu.

It is also the seat of the University of Cagliari from 1607 and the Primate Roman Catholic archdiocese of Sardinia, from the 5th century AD.

Cagliari has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa in the Koeppen climate classification).

The metropolitan area of Cagliari
The urban area of Cagliari, with a total area of , has a total population of about 420,000 inhabitants, of which 36.57% of them are in the city of Cagliari.

The metropolitan area of Cagliari is formed by the city of Cagliari and by 15 comuni.

Twin cities
The city of Cagliari has, as twin cities, the following cities:
 Buenos Aires, Argentina
 Nanyuki, Kenya
 Pisa, Italy
 Vercelli, Italy
 Padua, Italy
 Biella, Italy

References

Other websites

 Official website of the commune 

Communes of Sardinia
Phoenician colonies
Regional capitals in Italy
Foggia is a city in the region of Apulia, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Foggia.

References

Cities in Apulia
Capital cities in Italy
Rimini is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. It is also the capital of the Province of Rimini. About 138,000 people live in Rimini. 

Rimini is a popular seaside resort known for its bars and nightclubs. It has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Köppen climate classification).

References 

 
Capital cities in Italy
Syracuse (, ) is a city in the region of Sicily in Italy. It is also the capital of the Province of Syracuse. About 125,000 people live in Syracuse. Syracuse is famous for being the place where Archimedes lived.

Capital cities in Italy
Cities in Sicily
Into the Blue is an American action movie made in 2005.

Plot 

The movie is about four scuba divers who find a sunken ship filled with drugs. The divers help the police catch the people who put the drugs there.

American adventure movies
2005 movies
English-language movies
2000s adventure movies
The Shiba Inu is a breed of dog from Japan. It looks like a smaller version of the Akita Inu, and was first bred for hunting. Shiba Inu is one of seven Japanese dog species recognised as natural symbols of the country.

There are two types of Shiba. Aka-Shiba has red hair, and Kuro-Shiba has black hair. Shiba is a popular among breeders in Japan.

Shiba inu are faithful to their owners and are wary of strangers. They are popular as guard dogs. They are also the subject of an internet meme called Doge.

Other Japanese dogs
 Akita Inu 
 Kai Inu also called the Kai Ken
 Kisyu Inu
 Tosa Inu
 Hokkaido Inu
 Koshi-no-inu (extinct since 1971)

Dog breeds
Jugiong is a small village on the bank of the Murrumbidgee River in New South Wales, Australia. It is 344 km south west of Sydney on the Hume Highway. The first people to live in the area were indigenous Australians, the Wiradjuri people. The first Europeans were the explorers Hamilton Hume and William Hovell on their trip in 1824.
Henry O'Brien, an Irishman, started farming sheep in 1825. His farm, called the Jugiong Run, was 125,000 acres. Explorer Charles Sturt reached the Murrumbidgee at Jugiong in 1829 at the start of his travels down the river.

Tavern

In 1845 another Irishman named John Philip Sheahan (1816–December 9, 1877) built the Sir George Tavern (an hotel) which made Jugiong an important resting place on the new road, the Great Southern Road, to Melbourne. The building was destroyed in a flood in 1852. The flood also destroyed the buildings at the town of Gundagai. Sheahan rebuilt the hotel with walls up to 500 mm thick and it is still in use; remaining in the family throughout the preceding years. It is the oldest family owned hotel in Australia.

The Village
The first blocks of land at Jugiong were sold at auction in 1853. Three years later a post office was opened. In 1858 a police station was built, and work started on a catholic church, St.John the Evangelist. About 120 people were living at Jugiong by 1862. An Anglican church was started in 1872. The Jugiong Public  school opened in 1883 with 56 students. Australian cricket player Richie Benaud started his schooling at Jugiong in 1935.

Bushrangers
On 15 November 1864  bushrangers (thieves) stopped all traffic including the mail stagecoach (a cart pulled by horses) 5 km south of Jugiong. Over 60 people were stopped by the bushrangers. They wanted to steal (take with force) gold, money and other valuables. The bushrangers were Ben Hall, John Gilbert and John Dunn. In the attack one policeman, Sergeant Edmund Parry was shot dead by John Gilbert.

Song
A song called The Road to Jugiong  with words by Robert John Cassidy (1880–1948) and music by James A.Steele was published by Allans, Melbourne, in 1940.

Bypass
In 1995, the new Hume Freeway, went around the village. In 1996 a new rest and picnic area was built to help travelers take a break on their journey. Facilities at Jugiong include:
 a hotel
 a cafe, the Long Track Pantry Cafe ,
 a motel
 a wine shop
 a fruit and vegetable shop
 a petrol station
 a swimming pool
 churches
 school
 a hotel

References
The Egerton Gospel is a set of papyri that are now in the British Museum. The papyri have been dated to the second century. The text they contain may have been written 50-100 AD. It is one of the oldest known fragments of any gospel, or any codex. Soon after the British Museum acquired it in the summer of 1934, it was printed in 1935. It is also called the Unknown Gospel, as no ancient source makes reference to it, in addition to being entirely unknown before its publication.

The surviving fragments include four stories:
 a controversy similar to John 5:39-47 and 10:31-39;
 curing a leper similar to Matt 8:1-4, Mark 1:40-45, Luke 5:12-16 and Luke 17:11-14;
 a controversy about paying tribute to Caesar analogous to Matt 22:15-22, Mark 12:13-17, Luke 20:20-26;
 an incomplete account of a miracle on the Jordan River bank, perhaps carried out to illustrate  the parable about seeds growing miraculously.
The last story has no equivalent in canonical Gospels:

References

Other websites
The PAPYRUS EGERTON 2 Homepage  Detailed description of the manuscript, with many images. Greek and English text and reconstruction.
Early Christian Writings website: text, commentary, links.

Manuscripts
Rubik's Cube is a puzzle cube, and the world's biggest selling toy of all time with over 300,000,000 (300 million) sold. It was invented in 1974 by Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture Ernő Rubik. In a classic Rubik's Cube, each of the six faces is covered by nine stickers, each of one of six solid colours: white, red, blue, orange, green, and yellow. In currently sold models, white is opposite yellow, blue is opposite green, orange is opposite red, and some might replace blue with black or purple.

Types of Cubes 
The standard Rubik's Cube is 3x3x3. 3 blocks across, 3 blocks down, and 3 blocks deep. Cubes can be made in 2x2, 4x4, or larger versions.  the largest cube is 33 x 33, which is also 3d printed.

Cuboids are cubes with uneven sides. Some options are the 3x2x2 or 3x5 or 4x3. Some cuboids can shapeshift or jumble. That means the cube goes out of its original shape. To solve a shapeshifting cube it must return to the original shape before it is considered solved.

Gear cubes include gears which cause both sides of a cube to turn.

Other versions include the Megaminx, Pyraminx, Rubik's clock, Mirror Cube, and Square 1.

Structure 
A Rubik's Cube is a cube split into a number of smaller cubes with different colored faces attached to a rotating piece of metal in the middle. Total, there are 26 small cubes. The Rubik's Cube have six sides with 9 little cubes attached to it and each side has one color: red, yellow, blue, orange, white and green are the most common colors. 

The cubes can be rotated and twisted along rows and faces. The aim of the puzzle is to make each face of the cube have the same color. Solving a Rubik's Cube requires logic and thinking. There are many different ways to learn how to solve a Rubik's cube.

Methods 
There are many methods that people use to solve a Rubik's Cube. Today the most common one is called CFOP, also called Fridrich Method, named after the popularizer Jessica Fridrich. In this method first the white cross is solved, then F2L(First 2 Layers) followed by OLL(Orientation of the Last Layer) and PLL(Permutation of the Last Layer). Other methods include Petrus,  ZZ, Roux, Keyhole and others.

Records 
The record for one Rubik's Cube solve is 3.47 seconds by Yusheng Du at the Wuhu Open 2018 (in China). Ruihang Xu holds the record for the average of 5, which is 5.48 seconds, set at the Wuhan Open 2021 In China.The record for the fastest robot to solve a cube is 0.38 seconds!

Related pages
Pocket Cube
Rubik's Revenge
Professor's Cube

References

Other websites 

 Rubik's cube World Record by Patrick Ponce
 The Rubik's Cube's solver application
 The Rubik's Cube's solution guide
 The Rubik's Cube's wiki
 Simple solving manual 
 The Rubik's Cube's official website

Puzzles
The head of the government of the state of Florida is called the Governor of Florida. He is not the head of all parts of the government, but is like the state's president, and is head of the executive branch of the state, which is where decisions about running the state are made. He can also give orders to the military people of the state.

The Governor of Florida is elected every four years.

History
The territory of Florida was transferred from Spain to the United States on July 10, 1821. Before that, governors were assigned by the government of Spain.

No governors were elected between 1821 and 1845. During that period, there were five military governors: William Duval (April 17, 1822 - April 24, 1834), John Eaton (April 24, 1834 - March 16, 1836), Richard Call (March 16, 1836 - December 2, 1839), Robert R. Reid (December 2, 1839 - March 19, 1841), Richard Call (his 2nd time) (March 19, 1841 - August 11, 1844), and John Branch (August 11, 1844 - June 25, 1845).

List of Governors of Florida
Florida acceded to statehood on March 3, 1845. These are the governors of the State of Florida:

Living former governors
, six former governors were alive. The most recent death of a former governor was that of Wayne Mixson (1987), on July 8, 2020.

References

Other websites
Fred McDowell (January 12 1904 – July 3 1972) (also known as Mississippi Fred McDowell) was a Delta blues singer and guitar player. His parents died when he was young.

Career

Early career 
McDowell was born in Rossville, Tennessee, near Memphis. He started playing guitar when he was 14 and played at parties around where he lived.

Later career 
McDowell moved to Memphis in 1926 where he played for money. Soon after, he moved to Como, Mississippi in 1940 or 1941 and worked as a farmer. He still played at parties.

Mostly, he played slide guitar using a pocket knife and then a slide made from a beef rib bone, later switching to a glass slide. He played with the slide on his ring finger.

Fame 
In the 1950s, people became more interested in Blues Music and McDowell became more famous. He recorded for the first time in 1959 with Alan Lomax and Shirley Collins. He started playing on electric guitar rather than acoustic but said "I do not play no rock and roll". He taught Bonnie Raitt the slide guitar technique, and was written about by The Rolling Stones'.

Albums 
McDowell's first album came out in 1969, called I Do Not Play No Rock 'N' Roll.

Death 
McDowell died of cancer in 1972 and is buried at Hammond Hill M.B. Church, between Como and Senatobia.

References

Other websites 
 Illustrated Fred McDowell discography

1904 births
1972 deaths
Blues guitarists
Singers from Memphis, Tennessee
Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee
American guitarists
For the Taurus Mountains on the moon, see Montes Taurus. For Mount Taurus outside Cold Spring, New York, see Bull Hill.

Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros Dağları) are a mountain range in Turkey, from which the Euphrates (Turkish: Fırat) and Tigris (Turkish: Dicle) descend into Syria and Iraq. The Manavgat River comes from its southern slopes. 

The mountain range extends along a curve from Lake Eğirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris in the east. It has many peaks rising above 10,000–12,000 ft (3,000–3,700 m), with the Demirkazık summit in the region known as Aladağlar, at 3,756 meters (12,322 ft.) as the highest point. Another important peak is Medetsiz (3,524 m/11,561 ft) in the Bolkar Dağları section.

This mountain range divides the Mediterranean region of southern Turkey from the central plateau.

Limestone has eroded to form karstic landscapes of waterfalls, underground rivers, and the largest caves of Asia.

At Kestel is a Bronze Age archaeological site where early evidence of tin mining was found.

References

Other websites 
 NASA satellite view of the Taurus Mountains 
 Information about Taurus Mountains in English 
 Livius.org: Taurus 

Mountains of Turkey
Mountain ranges
Sassari is a city in the region of Sardinia in Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Sassari. About 130,000 people live in Sassari. This makes it the second largest city in Sardinia.

History 
The first time that the city appeared in a map was in 1131 with the name Jordi de Sassaro, in 1135 the name was Tathari. The city grown up very fast and in 1294, became a libero comune (independent municipality). In the early 14th century the island of Sardinia was occupied by the Aragonese, the municipality sent a delegation to the court of Aragon, but they did not achieve any agreement. So with the support of the Republic of Genoa and the Doria's family, the people of Sassari rose up against the invaders, until 1417 when the king Alfonso V granted an acceptable status to the town. In 1617 in town the Jesuits founded the University.  In 1713, after the Treaty of Utrecht, in the island of Sardinia started the brief period of the Austro-Hungarian administration.  In fact since 1720 the island was annexed by the House of Savoy and since then was born the Kingdom of Sardinia. But in 1793, after years of political struggle, in the island started an uprising, called “Sarda rivoluzione” (Sardinian revolution), led by the patriot Giovanni Maria Angioy, who entered triumphantly in the city of Sassari, followed by thousand of revolutionaries coming from all over the island. But the Savoy, stifled the rebellion with ferocity, reconquered the town. But the rebellion in town will continued until the middle of the 19th century.
In 1861 the Kingdom of Sardinia, after the campaign to unify Italy and the annexation of many small states, it became the founding state of the new Kingdom of Italy. Since then Sassari is an Italian city.

Museums 
 Museo nazionale archeologico ed etnografico "G. A. Sanna"
(Via Roma 64) also called Museo Sanna - Sito 
 Pinacoteca nazionale MUS'A, ex Collegio Gesuitico Canopoleno

Monuments and architectures 
 City Walls and pisan-genoan towers, 13th century
 Fontana di Rosello,Rosello Fountain 1585-1606
 Teatro Civico, Civic theatre 1825-1829

Religious Architectures
 Cattedrale di San Nicola, the Cathedral 12th-18th century
 Chiesa di Santa Maria di Betlem, Church of Holy Mary of Bethlehem 12th-19th century
 Chiesa di San Pietro in Silki, Church of saint Peter in Silki 11th-17th century
 Santa Caterina, Church of saint Catharine 16th century architect Giovanni Maria Bernardoni
 San Donato, 13th-17th century
 San Michele di Plaiano,Church of saint Michael of Plaiano 12th century

Palaces
 Casa Aragonese, (Aragonese House) 15th century
 Palazzo Ducale,  (Ducal Palace) City Hall Building, 1775-1804
 Palazzo Barone d'Usini, piazza Tola, , (The Baron of Usini Palace) City Library, 16th century
 Palazzo Moros y Molinos, 17th century
 Palazzo Ferrale, 16th century
 Palazzo Sciuti, piazza d'Italia, (Sciuti's Palace) the Provincial Legislative Building Provincia di Sassari, 1873

Consulates 
Consulates located in Sassari:

References 

Capital cities in Italy
Communes of Sardinia
Bull Hill, sometimes called Mount Taurus, is a mountain in the U.S. state of New York. It is north of the village of Cold Spring on the Hudson River, in Putnam County. It is part of the mountain range known as the Hudson Highlands which are part of the Appalachian Mountains.

An old quarry can be seen on its south ridge.

The mountain may have gotten its name from a bull that farmers chased down it. The bull's fall gave the Breakneck Ridge its name.

Mountains of the United States
Geography of New York
Appalachian Mountains
Forlì is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena. About 110,000 people live in Forli. It has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Koeppen climate classification).

Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy during World War Two, was born near Forli, in Predappio.

References

Cities in Emilia-Romagna
Capital cities in Italy
The Zagros Mountains (, ), make up Iran's and Iraq's largest mountain range. They have a total length of 1 500 km. The north end is in northwestern Iran and they run near the border with Iraq and along the north coast of the Persian Gulf. The mountain range ends at the Straits of Hormuz. The highest points in the Zagros Mountains are Zard Kuh (4 548 m) and Mt. Dena (4 359 m). 

The Zagros region is an important part of Persian Gulf oil production.

Related pages
 Taurus mountains

References

Other websites 
 Zagros, Photos from Iran, Livius .
 The genus Dionysia 
 Iran, Timeline of Art History
 Mesopotamia 9000 - 500 B.C. 

Geography of Iran
Geography of Iraq
Latina is a city in the region of Lazio. It is the capital of the Province of Latina. About 110,000 people live in Latina. This makes it the second largest city in Lazio.

References 

Cities in Lazio
Capital cities in Italy
Giugliano in Campania is a city the region of Campania in Italy. It is the largest city in Italy that is not a capital of a province. About 105,000 people live there.

References 

Cities in Campania
The February 1848 Revolution in France ended the reign of King Louis-Philippe, and led to the creation of the French Second Republic (1848-1852). 

The revolution established the principle of the "right to work" (droit au travail), and decided to establish "National Workshops" for the unemployed. At the same time a sort of industrial parliament was established at the Luxembourg Palace, under the presidency of Louis Blanc. Tensions between liberal Orleanist and Radical Republicans and Socialists would cause the June Days Uprising a few months later.  

Meanwhile the revolution inspired other European Revolutions of 1848.

The End of the Revolution in France

The era of revolution in France came to an end when Louis Napoleon dissolved the National Assembly without having the constitutional right to do so, and became the sole ruler of France. In 1852 he reestablished the empire and took the title Emperors Napoleon III.

1848 Revolution in literature

 Karl Marx's Essay The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1852) describes the 1848 revolution as a class struggle.

1848 in Europe
19th century in France
Democracy movements
Revolutions
February events
The District of Nyon is a district in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. The seat of the district is the city of Nyon.

Municipalities
On 1 September 2006, Nyon was reorganized. There are now fewer municipalities.

References

Nyon
Nehemiah Curtis "Skip" James (June 21, 1902 – October 3, 1969) was an American Delta blues singer, guitarist, pianist and songwriter.

Biography

Early years 
James was born near Bentonia, Mississippi. He worked on road construction in the early 1920s, and wrote his earliest song, "Illinois Blues", about his experience as a worker. He began playing guitar in open D-minor tuning with three fingers.

1920s and '30s 
Skip James traveled to Grafton, Wisconsin to record for Paramount. James recorded blues and spirituals and cover versions of other songs.

The Great Depression happened just as James' records were put on the market. Not many people bought them because of this and James had to give up Blues music and worked in a church with his father.

After the depression
For the next thirty years, James did not record any songs. In July 1964, James started playing again and he recorded for the Takoma, Melodeon, and Vanguard labels and played until his death in 1969.

Discography
Paramount 78s: 1931
Complete 1931 Session Yazoo, 1986
Complete Recorded Works (1931) Document, 1990
The Complete Early Recordings of Skip James - 1930 Yazoo, 1994
Cypress Grove Blues Snapper Music Group, 2004
Illinois Blues Universe, 2004
The Complete 1931 Recordings Body & Soul, 2005
Hard Time Killin' Floor Yazoo, 2005

After the depression: 1964-1969
Greatest of the Delta Blues Singers Biograph, 1964
She Lyin Adelphi, 1964 (first released: Genes, 1996)
Skip James Today! Vanguard, 1965
Devil Got My Woman  Vanguard, 1968
I'm So Glad Vanguard, 1978
Live: Boston, 1964 & Philadelphia, 1966  Document, 1994
Skip's Piano Blues, 1964 (Genes, 1998)
Blues From the Delta Vanguard, 1998 (two unreleased recordings)
The Complete Bloomington, Indiana Concert - March 30, 1968 Document, 1999
Skip's Guitar Blues, 1964(?) (Genes, 1999)
Studio Sessions: Rare and Unreleased, 1967 (Vanguard, 2003)
Hard Time Killing Floor Blues Biograph, 2003
Heroes of the Blues: The Very Best of Skip James Shout!, 2003
Hard Time Universe, 2003

Other websites 
 Illustrated Skip James discography
 Interview with Skip James' surviving cousin 
 A biography by Roi Geyari, a fan from Israel 
 Can't Find No Heaven: The Mysteries of Skip James  by Matt R. Lohr, a speculative study of Skip James' personality

Blues guitarists
Blues pianists
American guitarists
1902 births
1969 deaths
Singers from Mississippi
Musicians from Mississippi
American blues singers
Olaf Kölzig (born April 6, 1970) is a South African-born German retired professional ice hockey goaltender. He played a career total of 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Washington Capitals and the Tampa Bay Lightning.

Kölzig was born in South Africa, but he grew up in several cities across Canada and his family moved to Union Bay, British Columbia, Canada, when he was a teenager. Kölzig never applied for Canadian citizenship, which, combined with his German parentage and German passport, allows him to represent Germany internationally. In May 2008 Kolzig announced that he would not return to the Capitals.

References

1970 births
American Hockey League players
German ice hockey players
German Olympians
Living people
New Westminster Bruins players
People from Johannesburg
South African sportspeople
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Tri-City Americans players
Vezina Trophy winners
Washington Capitals players
ECHL players
Ice hockey goaltenders
Léon is a city in the state of Guanajuato in Mexico. About 1,150,000 people live in Léon. This makes it the seventh largest city in Mexico and the largest city in Guanajuato.

References 

Cities in Mexico
Guanajuato (state)
1576 establishments
16th-century establishments in Mexico
1570s establishments in North America
Jim Carey (born May 31, 1974 in Dorchester, Massachusetts) is an  American retired ice hockey goaltender.

Awards
1993 - WCHA All-Rookie Team
1993 – WCHA Rookie of the Year
1993 – WCHA Second All-Star Team
1995 – AHL Aldege "Baz" Bastien Memorial Award
1995 – AHL Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award
1995 – AHL First All-Star Team
1995 – NHL All-Rookie Team
1996 – NHL First All-Star Team
1996 – NHL Vezina Trophy

Transactions
June 20, 1992 – Drafted in the 2nd round, 32nd overall by the Washington Capitals in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft
March 1, 1997 – Traded by the Washington Capitals with Jason Allison, Anson Carter, and the Capitals' 3rd round selection (Lee Goren) in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft to the Boston Bruins for Adam Oates, Bill Ranford, and Rick Tocchet
March 1, 1999 – Signed by the St. Louis Blues

Career statistics

Regular season

Playoffs

Other websites 

1974 births
American Hockey League players
Boston Bruins players
American ice hockey goaltenders
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Living people
People from Dorchester, Massachusetts
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
St. Louis Blues players
Vezina Trophy winners
Washington Capitals players
Ciudad Juárez is a city in the Mexician state of Chihuahua. About 1,300,000 people live in Ciudad Juárez. This makes it the fifth largest city in Mexico and the largest city in Chihuahua. It is at the border to the USA, opposite El Paso.

References

Cities in Mexico
1659 establishments
Settlements in Chihuahua
17th-century establishments in Mexico
San Cristóbal Ecatepec (or Ecatepec de Morelos) is a city in the state of México in Mexico. About 1,700,000 people live there. This makes San Christóbal de Ectatepec the second largest city in Mexico and the largest in the state of México.

Cities in Mexico
Settlements in Mexico (state)
Joseph Viateur "Leo" Dandurand (July 9, 1889 – June 26, 1964), was the owner of the Montreal Canadians in the National Hockey League and in the league that evolved into the Canadian Football League.

Dandurand was born in Bourbonnais, Illinois. He moved to Canada with his family when he was 16 years old and attended Collège Sainte-Marie de Montréal. He was a referee in the National Hockey Association and was involved with minor hockey in the Montreal, Quebec area.

On November 2, 1921, Dandurand and his partners, Joseph Cattarinich and Louis Letourneau, purchased the Montreal Canadiens hockey club from the widow of George Kennedy for $11,000. Under Dandurand's ownership, the Canadiens won the Stanley Cup in 1924, 1930, and 1931. Letourneau sold his stake in the club in 1930, and Dandurand and Cattarinich continued as owners until selling the team in 1935 for $165,000.

Along with hockey, Dandurand and his partners were heavily involved with horse racing. In 1932, they bought Blue Bonnets Raceway in Montreal. They owned 17 tracks in Quebec, Ontario, New York, Ohio, Delaware, Illinois, Utah, and Louisiana at the time of Cattarinich's death in 1938. Dandurand was also a boxing and wrestling promoter in Montreal and a director of the Montreal Royals baseball team.

In 1946, Dandurand founded the Montreal Alouettes football team with Eric Cradock and Lew Hayman. The team played in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union, which later became the CFL's east division.

In his later years, Dandurand owned a successful restaurant in downtown Montreal. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963 and died of a heart attack on June 26, 1964 at age 75.

The Leo Dandurand Trophy is a CFL award presented each year to the most outstanding lineman in the East Division.

References
 

1889 births
1964 deaths
Canadian football
Montreal Canadiens
Referees
William John "Battlin' Billy" Smith (born December 12, 1950, in Perth, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender and is best known for winning four Stanley Cups and being the first goaltender to score a goal.

Other websites
 
 

1950 births
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Conn Smythe Trophy winners
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
New York Islanders players
Stanley Cup champions
Vezina Trophy winners
William Ronald Durnan (January 22, 1916 – October 31, 1972) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 7 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played his entire NHL career with the Montreal Canadiens. Until Roberto Luongo was named captain of the Vancouver Canucks on September 30, 2008, Durnan was the last goaltender to be a captain in the National Hockey League, and one of only seven ever. Bill Durnan was ambidextrous, meaning he could catch with either hand. This star goalie is one of the greatest Montreal Canadiens in history. He won the Stanley Cup twice with the Canadiens and was a six-time Vezina Trophy winner. Durnan was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1964.

Awards 
First All-Star Team goalie in 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950.
Won the Vezina Trophy in 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950.
Played in NHL All-Star Game in 1947, 1948, 1949

References

Other websites
 

1916 births
1972 deaths
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Montreal Canadiens players
Sportspeople from Toronto
Stanley Cup champions
Vezina Trophy winners
Regular season

Final standings
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

Leading goaltenders
GP = Games played, GA = Goals against, SO = Shutouts, GAA = Goals against average

Playoffs

NHL Championship
Pittsburgh Pirates vs. Montreal Maroons

Montreal wins total goals series 6 goals to 4

Montreal Maroons vs. Ottawa Senators

Montreal wins total goals series 2 goals to 1.

Finals
Victoria Cougars vs. Montreal Maroons

Montreal Maroons win best-of-five series 3 games to 1 for the Stanley Cup

NHL Playoff leading scorer
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

NHL awards

First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1925–26 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark debut in playoffs):
Wildor Larochelle, Montreal Canadiens
Albert Leduc, Montreal Canadiens
Pit Lepine, Montreal Canadiens
Babe Siebert, Montreal Maroons
Nels Stewart, Montreal Maroons
Joe Simpson, New York Americans
Hec Kilrea, Ottawa Senators
Roy Worters, Pittsburgh Pirates
Harold Darragh, Pittsburgh Pirates
Baldy Cotton, Pittsburgh Pirates
Lionel Conacher, Pittsburgh Pirates
Hib Milks, Pittsburgh Pirates

Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1925–26 (listed with their last team):
Georges Vezina, Montreal Canadiens

References
Hockey Database
NHL.com

1925
1926
1920s in North America
Regular season

Final standings
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

Leading Goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; MIN = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; SO = Shut outs; AVG = Goals against average

Stanley Cup Playoffs

Playoff bracket

All dates in 1927

Quarterfinals
Montreal Canadiens vs. Montreal Maroons

Montreal Canadiens win total-goals series 2–1

Boston Bruins vs. Chicago Black Hawks

Boston wins total-goals series 10 goals to 5

Semifinals
Ottawa Senators vs. Montreal Canadiens

Ottawa wins total-goals series 5–1

New York Rangers vs. Boston Bruins

Boston wins total-goals series 3–1

Finals
Boston Bruins vs. Ottawa Senators

Ottawa wins best-of-five series 2–0–2

Playoff scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

NHL awards

First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1926–27 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start was in playoffs):
Percy Galbraith, Boston Bruins
Eddie Shore, Boston Bruins
Harry Oliver, Boston Bruins
Duke Keats, Boston Bruins
George Hay, Chicago Black Hawks
Mickey MacKay, Chicago Black Hawks
Dick Irvin, Chicago Black Hawks
Frank Foyston, Detroit Cougars
Jack Walker, Detroit Cougars
Frank Fredrickson, Detroit Cougars
George Hainsworth, Montreal Canadiens
Art Gagne, Montreal Canadiens
Herb Gardiner, Montreal Canadiens
Hap Emms, Montreal Maroons
Red Dutton, Montreal Maroons
Norman Himes, New York Americans
Paul Thompson, New York Rangers
Bill Cook, New York Rangers
Bun Cook, New York Rangers
Murray Murdoch, New York Rangers
Lorne Chabot, New York Rangers
Clarence Abel, New York Rangers
Ching Johnson, New York Rangers
Ace Bailey, Toronto St. Patricks
Butch Keeling, Toronto St. Patricks
Carl Voss, Toronto St. Patricks

Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1926–27 (listed with their last team):
Shorty Green, New York Americans
Newsy Lalonde, New York Americans
Jack Adams, Ottawa Senators
Bert Corbeau, Toronto St. Patricks

References
Hockey Database
NHL.com

1926
1927 in North America
Regular season

Final standings
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Stanley Cup playoffs

Playoff bracket

NHL awards

All-Star teams

First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1961–62 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark debut in playoffs):
Ed Westfall, Boston Bruins
Pat Stapleton, Boston Bruins
Pit Martin, Detroit Red Wings
Red Berenson, Montreal Canadiens
Vic Hadfield, New York Rangers
Gerry Cheevers, Toronto Maple Leafs

Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1961–62 (listed with their last team):
Dollard St. Laurent, Chicago Black Hawks
Leo Labine, Detroit Red Wings
Marcel Bonin, Montreal Canadiens
Johnny Wilson, New York Rangers
Bert Olmstead, Toronto Maple Leafs

References
Hockey Database
NHL.com

1961 in North America
1962 in North America
WWE Night of Champions was the second yearly Night of Champions professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Though it was the eighth yearly event, it was the second yearly event under the Night of Champions name. It took place on June 29, 2008 at American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas and featured talent from the Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands. The official theme song was "Devour" by Shinedown. As a tradition, every championship in WWE was defended at the event.

Results

References

Other websites 
 Official Night Of Champions website

2008 in professional wrestling
WWE Night of Champions
Sports in Dallas, Texas
2008 in Texas
21st century in Dallas, Texas
The William M. Jennings Trophy is an award in the National Hockey League (NHL) given each year to "to the goalkeeper(s) having played a minimum of 25 games for the team with the fewest goals scored against it. Winners are selected based on regular-season play." Up until 1981, the Vezina Trophy had been awarded under that definition, but it was later changed and replaced by the Jennings Trophy. Since it began in 1982, it has been awarded at the end of 25 seasons to 27 different players. The most recent winners are Corey Crawford of the Chicago Blackhawks and Carey Price of the Montreal Canadiens, who both allowed only 189 team goals against for their teams in the 2014–15 NHL season.

History
Until the 1980–81 season, the Vezina Trophy was awarded to the goaltender(s) of the team allowing the fewest goals during the regular season. However, it was discovered that this often meant the trophy went to the goaltender of the better team rather than the individual, so they changed it to offer the Vezina to the most outstanding goaltender, as voted by the NHL General Managers. The William M. Jennings Trophy was created as a replacement and is given to the goaltender(s) playing for the team with the fewest goals scored against them.

The Jennings Trophy was donated by the NHL's board of governors and first handed out at the end of the 1981–82 season. It is named for the late William M. Jennings, who was a governor and president of the New York Rangers and who helped build ice hockey in the United States. Normally the lowest number of games a goaltender must play to be eligible for the trophy is 25, but for the lockout shortened 1994–95 season, the lowest was fourteen games.

Five players have won both the Jennings and Vezina Trophy for the same season: Patrick Roy (1988–89 and 1991–92), Ed Belfour (1990–91 and 1992–93), Dominik Hasek (1993–94 and 2000–01), Martin Brodeur (2002–03 and 2003–04) and Miikka Kiprusoff (2005–06). Roy has won the trophy five times, the most of any goaltender. Belfour and Brodeur are tied for second, having each won the trophy four times. It has been won most often by the Montreal Canadiens, on 5 occasions. The New Jersey Devils have won four times, and Buffalo Sabres and Chicago Blackhawks have three wins each.

Winners

Bold Player with the fewest goals ever scored against in a season.

Notes
For the 2002–03 season, there was a tie between Martin Brodeur of the New Jersey Devils and Robert Esche and Roman Cechmanek of the Philadelphia Flyers. This is the only time that there has been a tie between players from different teams.

References
General

Specific

National Hockey League trophies and awards
Akan is a language group spoken by related peoples in mainly Ghana and eastern Côte d'Ivoire. Akan belongs to the Kwa group of the Niger-Congo language family.

Dialects
Akan comprises three main mutually intelligible dialects: Fante, Asante Twi and Akwapim Twi. Asante Twi is the widely used.  Akan is the most widely spoken and used indigenous language in Ghana. About 44%, of Ghana’s population of about 22 million, speak Akan as first language. However, about 80% of Ghanaians speak Akan as a first and second language. It is officially recognized for literacy, at least at the lower primary (Primary 1-3) level, and studied at university as a bachelor or masters program. It is the most important indigenous language of Ghana. It is the language of the Western, Central, Ashanti, Eastern, Brong Ahafo regions, and the northern portion of the Volta region of Ghana.

A form of Akan is also spoken in South America, notably Suriname and Jamaica. The language came to these places through the slave trade.

Studies
Akan is studied in major universities in the United States, including Ohio University, Ohio State University, University of Wisconsin, Harvard University, Boston University, Indiana University, Michigan University, and The University of Florida. It has been a regular African language of study in the annual Summer Cooperative African Languages Institute (SCALI) program.

References

Niger-Congo languages
Akkadian () or Assyro-Babylonian was a Semitic language (part of the Afro-Asiatic language family) that was spoken in ancient Iraq. The first-known Semitic language, it used the cuneiform writing system from ancient Sumer.

Akkadian is divided into several varieties based on geography and historical period:
Old Akkadian, 2500–1950 BC
Old Babylonian/Old Assyrian, 1950–1530 BC
Middle Babylonian/Middle Assyrian, 1530–1000 BC
Neo-Babylonian/Neo-Assyrian, 1000–600 BC
Late Babylonian, 600 BC–100 AD

The earliest known Akkadian inscription was found on a bowl at Ur. It was addressed to a very early pre-Sargonic king of Ur by his queen Gan-saman, who is thought to have been from Akkad.

The Akkadian Empire, established by Sargon of Akkad, introduced the Akkadian language (the "language of Akkad") as a written language. It used Sumerian cuneiform orthography (writing method) for the purpose. During the middle Bronze Age (Old Assyrian and Old Babylonian period), the language displaced Sumerian. Sumerian probably became extinct as a living language by the 18th century BC.

References

Semitic languages
Mesopotamia
The Adyghe language is one of the two main languages of the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation. It is spoken by many tribes of the Adyghe people.  The language is called by its speakers "Adygebze" or "Adəgăbză", and can also be spelled in English as Adygean, Adygeyan or Adygei. It is also called Circassian.

References

Languages of Russia