cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Adam Paul Laxalt (born August 31, 1978) is an American politician. He became the Attorney General of Nevada in 2015. He is a member of the Republican Party.

His father was New Mexico U.S. Senator Pete Domenici, but took his mother's last name Laxalt. Nevada Senator Paul Laxalt was his grandfather.

Laxalt was born in Reno, Nevada. He studied at Tulane University and at Georgetown University. He is a former Navy prosecutor.

In November 2017, Laxalt announced his candidacy for Governor of Nevada. He won the Republican nomination, but lost the general election to Democrat Steve Sisolak by nearly 5%.

In August 2021, Laxalt announced his candidacy for the United States Senate in the 2022 election.

References

Other websites
Nevada Attorney General's Office
Laxalt for Governor

1978 births
Living people
Attorneys general
Politicians from Nevada
People from Reno, Nevada
US Republican Party politicians
Anne Theresa Donovan (November 1, 1961 – June 13, 2018) was an American women's basketball player and coach. From 2013 to 2015, she was the head coach of the Connecticut Sun. She was born in Ridgewood, New Jersey. 

In her playing career, Donovan won two Olympic gold medals, and went to three Final Fours overall. She was honored in the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1995, and became a member of the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2015.

As a professional basketball coach, she guided the Seattle Storm to their first title in 2004, becoming the first woman to coach a WNBA Championship team (as well as the youngest person to coach a WNBA champion, at age 42).

After coaching the Indiana Fever and the Charlotte Sting earlier in her career, Donovan joined the New York Liberty as an assistant coach in the spring of 2009.

Donovan died on June 13, 2018 of heart failure at the age of 56.

References

Other websites
 Connecticut Sun profile

1961 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American Olympic gold medalists
American basketball players
Sportspeople from New Jersey
People from Ridgewood, New Jersey
Ridgewood is a village in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the village population was 24,958. Ridgewood is a suburban bedroom community of New York City. It is about  northwest of Manhattan.

Ridgewood was ranked 26th in Money magazine's "Best Places to Live" in America, 2011.

References

Villages in the United States
Settlements in New Jersey
John Orlando Pastore (March 17, 1907July 15, 2000) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Pastore served as a United States Senator from Rhode Island from 1950 to 1976. He served as the 61st Governor of Rhode Island from 1945 to 1950. He was the first Italian American to be elected as a senator.

Pastore was best known taking part in a 1969 hearing involving a $20 million grant for the funding of PBS. President Richard Nixon had wanted to cut the proposed funding to $10 million due to the demands of the Vietnam War. Fred Rogers, host of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, appeared before the committee to argue for the full $20 million. After hearing Rogers's testimony Pastore restored the funding. The following year's appropriation increased PBS funding from $9 million to $22 million.

Pastore won his final Senate race in 1970 by a 68%–32% margin over John McLaughlin. McLaughlin later became the host of the television program The McLaughlin Group.

Pastore died in Cranston, Rhode Island on July 15, 2000 of kidney failure at the age of 93.

References

1907 births
2000 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
United States senators from Rhode Island
Governors of Rhode Island
People from Providence, Rhode Island
People from Cranston, Rhode Island
US Democratic Party politicians
Lieutenant Governors of Rhode Island
Messier 32 (also known as NGC 221) is a dwarf "early-type" galaxy about 2.65 million light-years from Earth. It is seen in the constellation Andromeda.

M32 is a satellite galaxy of the large Andromeda Galaxy (M31). It was discovered by Guillaume Le Gentil in 1749. M32 measures 6.5 ± 0.2 thousand light-years in diameter at the widest point.

The galaxy is a compact elliptical galaxy type. Compact ellipticals are rather rare.
Half the stars are inside an effective radius of only 100 parsecs.

Densities in the central area increase steeply, over 3×107 M⊙ pc−3 as seen by the HST. The half-light radius of this central star cluster is around 6 parsec.  In other words, this small centre of the galaxy emits half the light of the central 100 parsecs.

Like more ordinary elliptical galaxies, M32 contains mostly older faint red and yellow stars with practically no dust or gas and consequently no current star formation. It does, however, show hints of star formation in the relatively recent past.

M32 contains a supermassive black hole.
Its mass is between 1.5 and 5 million solar masses.

References 

Elliptical galaxies
Local galaxies
Sushil Kumar Modi (born 5 January 1952) is an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party who is serving as Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar since 27 July 2017. Previously he was Deputy CM along with Finance Minister of Bihar from 2005 to 2013. He is a lifelong member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. He was appointed the Chairman of the Empowered Committee of State Finance Ministers for the Implementation of Goods and Service Tax in July 2011.

Early life
Sushil Modi was born on 5 January 1952 in a Marwari (Vaishya Bania) family. His father was Moti Lal Modi and his mother was Ratna Devi. He has done BSc from B N College, Patna. He graduated Patna Science College and did Botany Hons in 1973. Later he left MSc Botany Course in Patna University, to join social movement started by Jai Prakash Narayan.

Political career

In 1990, he joined active politics and successfully contested from Patna Central Assembly (now known as Kumhrar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)). He was re-elected in 1995 & 2000. In 1990, he was made the Chief Whip of the BJP Bihar Legislature Party. From 1996 till 2004 he was the Leader of Opposition in the State Assembly. He filed the Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Patna High Court against Lalu Prasad Yadav, which was later known as Fodder Scam. He became a member of Lok Sabha in 2004 representing the constituency of Bhagalpur.

He was the Minister for Parliamentary Affairs in a short lived Nitish Kumar government in 2000. He supported the formation of the State of Jharkhand.

In 2005 Bihar election, NDA came to power and Modi was elected the leader of Bihar BJP Legislature Party. He subsequently resigned from the Lok Sabha and took over as the Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar. He was given the Finance Portfolio along with a number of other departments. After NDA victory in 2010 Bihar elections, he continued to be the Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar. Modi did not contest the 2005 and 2010 Bihar Assembly elections to be able to campaign for BJP.

In 2017, Sushil Modi was the main player behind the fall of the JDU-RJD Grand Alliance government in Bihar, with his continuous tirade against RJD chief Lalu Prasad and his family for four months over his alleged benami properties and irregular financial transactions.

Positions held

References

Other websites
 
Official Contact Details of Sushil Modi 

1952 births
Living people
Indian politicians
People from Bihar
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians
Bilat Paswan, who writes under the nome de plume, Vihangam, was an Indian writer and politician, known for his writings in Hindi & Maithili literature. He is a former chairman of Bihar Public Service Commission & former chairman of Bihar Inter University Board. Born in 1940 to Bhutai Paswan in Bihar, he represented Rajnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency) at the Bihar Legislative Assembly for two terms in 1968 and 1972 & Khajauli (Vidhan Sabha constituency) at the Bihar Legislative Assembly for two terms in 1985 and 1990, running under Indian National Congress candidature, defeating Ram Lakhan Ram of the Communist Party of India on both the elections. He also ran in two elections unsuccessfully, in 1980 and 2000. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2005, for his contributions to literature.

References

Other websites
 

1940 births
2017 deaths
Indian politicians
The Cheerleader effect, or group attractiveness effect is a kind of cognitive bias: People who are part of a group are seen as more attractive, than those who aren't. This observation is valid for both men and women. The effect was coined by Barney Stinson (played by Neil Patrick Harris) in American sitcom How I Met Your Mother. It was first academically described in a study done 2013, and the result is backed up by another in 2015.

Showing the effect may be difficult: The study done in 2015 was repeated, but did not show the same result. According to the research team, this may be due to cultural differences, since the new study was performed in Japan.

References

Psychology
Donaueschingen is a German town in the Black Forest in the southwest of the state of Baden-Württemberg in the Schwarzwald-Baar district.

As of 2003, it has about 21,300 people.

It stands near the confluence of the two sources of the river Danube (in ; the town's name is an eponym).

Donaueschingen stands in a basin within low mountainous terrain. It is about  south of Villingen-Schwenningen,  west of Tuttlingen, and about  north of the Swiss town of Schaffhausen. It is the second largest town in the district (Kreis) of Schwarzwald-Baar. The location of the town is favourable for its role as a regional rail hub.

Partner cities 
Donaueschingen has partnerships with the following cities:
  Kaminoyama, Yamagata, Japan (since 1995)
  Saverne, France (since 1964)
  Vác, Hungary (since 1993)

References

Other websites 

 Official Homepage for Donaueschingen
  Information about the Donaueschingen region 
 Sport in Donaueschingen
In set theory an open set is a set where all elements have the same properties.

Examples 
The set (0,1) is open. If we choose a very small value, there will always be a small bubble which are all in the set (0,1).

If we choose a very small value h ∈ (0,1), we can make a bubble , in which all the values are in (0,1).

However, [0,1] is closed. If we choose the value 0, and choose a very small value k, 0-k ∉ [0,1], which means that it's closed.
Mathematics
Charles Thomas Vinci Jr. (February 28, 1933 – June 13, 2018) was an American weightlifter and Olympic champion.
He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He won gold medals at the 1955 and 1959 Pan American games. He won a gold medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, with a world-record three-lift (snatch, clean and jerk, overhead press) total of . He won gold again at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.

References

1933 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
American Olympic gold medalists
Weightlifters
Sportspeople from Cleveland, Ohio
Robert John Downey Sr. (born Robert Elias Jr.; June 24, 1936 – July 7, 2021) was an American movie director, screenwriter and actor. He was the father of actor Robert Downey Jr.. Downey Sr. was best known for writing and directing the underground movie Putney Swope. He retired in 2013. Downey Sr. was born in New York City. Downey Sr. starred in Johnny Be Good, Hail Caesar and Tower Heist.

Downey Sr. died in his sleep at his home in New York City on July 7, 2021 from problems caused by Parkinson's disease, aged 85.

References

Other websites
 

1936 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Movie directors from New York City
Stanislav Sergeyevich Govorukhin PAR (; 29 March 1936 – 14 June 2018) was a Russian movie director, screenwriter, politician and actor. He was born in Berezniki, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. For directing, he was known for the movie The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed. In screenwriting, he was known for Voroshilov Sharpshooter. In acting, he was known for his roles as Commander in Encore, Once More Encore! and as Zosima in Heads and Tails.

Govorukhin was a member of the State Duma from 1993 until his death in 2018 serving as a conservative member of the Democratic Party of Russia. He ran for President of Russia as an Independent in the 2000 presidential election, but lost to Vladimir Putin. In the 2000s, he worked for the Putin administration and election campaigns. He was a supporter of Putin.

Govorukhin died on 14 June 2018 in Barvikha, Russia of a heart attack at the age of 82.

References

Other websites

 Stanislav Govorukhin's Official site
 Stanislav Govorukhin's Bio 
 

1936 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Russian movie actors
Russian movie directors
Russian screenwriters
Russian politicians
Conservatives
Louis Sachar ( ; born March 20, 1954) is an American children's book author. His best known books are the Wayside School series and the award-winner, Holes novel.

Holes won the 1998 U.S. National Book Award for Young People's Literature and the 1999 Newbery Medal for the year's "most distinguished contribution to American literature for children". In 2013, it was ranked number six among all-time children's novels in a survey published by School Library Journal.

Louis Sachar was born in East Meadow, New York United States.

Works 

Wayside School
 Sideways Stories from Wayside School (1978)
 Wayside School is Falling Down (1989)
 Sideways Arithmetic From Wayside School (1989)
 More Sideways Arithmetic From Wayside School (1994)
 Wayside School Gets A Little Stranger (1995)

Marvin Redpost
 Kidnapped at Birth? (1992)
 Why Pick on Me? (1993)
 Is He a Girl? (1993)
 Alone In His Teacher's House (1994)
 Class President (1999)
 A Flying Birthday Cake? (1999)
 Super Fast Out of Control! (2000)
 A Magic Crystal? (2000)

Holes series
 Holes (1998) — winner of the National Book Award and Newbery Medal
 Stanley Yelnats' Survival Guide to Camp Green Lake (2003)
 Small Steps (2006)

Other books
 Johnny's in the Basement (1981)
 Someday Angeline (1983)
 Sixth Grade Secrets (1987) (known as Pig City in the UK)
 There's a Boy in the Girls' Bathroom (1987)
 The Boy Who Lost His Face (1989)
 Dogs Don't Tell Jokes (1991)
 The Cardturner (2010)
 Fuzzy Mud (2015)

References 

1954 births
American children's writers
Jewish American writers
Living people
Alexander Vladimirovich Rutskoy (; born 16 September 1947) is a Russian politician and a former Soviet military officer.

Rutskoy served as the only Vice President of Russia from 10 July 1991 to 4 October 1993, and as the Governor of Kursk Oblast from 1996 to 2000. In the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, he was made acting President of Russia, in opposition to President Boris Yeltsin.

References

1947 births
Living people
Military people
Vice presidents
Russian politicians
Wheeler Winston Dixon (born March 12, 1950) is an American movie director, critic, screenwriter, historian and scholar. He is an expert on movie history.  

From 1999 through the end of 2014, he was co-editor, along with Gwendolyn Audrey Foster, of the Quarterly Review of Film and Video. He is thought to be as a top reviewer of movies alongside Roger Ebert. In addition, he is known as a filmmaker, and the Museum of Modern Art exhibited his works in 2003. 

Dixon taught at Rutgers University, The New School in New York, the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands, and is currently the Ryan professor of movie studies and English at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln.

References

Other websites
 
 

1950 births
Living people
American historians
Educators from New Jersey
American movie critics
American editors
Movie directors from New Jersey
Screenwriters from New Jersey
Journalists from New Jersey
José Pedro Balmaceda Pascal (born April 2, 1975), known professionally as Pedro Pascal, is a Chilean-American actor. He is best known for playing the roles of Oberyn Martell in the the HBO series Game of Thrones, Javier Peña in the Netflix series Narcos and Din Djarin in the The Mandalorian.

In March 2018, Pascal was cast in the DC Extended Universe movie Wonder Woman 1984 (2020) as Maxwell Lord.

References

Other websites
 

1975 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Chilean movie actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American video game actors
American voice actors
Actors from San Antonio, Texas
Actors from New York City
People from Santiago
Citigroup Centre is a building complex in London. It houses Citigroup's EMEA headquarters and is located in Canary Wharf in the city's Docklands. The centre provides  of floor space across two merged buildings - 33 Canada Square (known as "CGC1") and 25 Canada Square (known as "CGC2"), and houses the bulk of Citi's UK employee base. Together, both buildings form the Citigroup Centre complex.

25 Canada Square, or Citigroup Centre 2, stands at  and, alongside HSBC Tower (with which it was built in tandem), is the joint 4th-tallest building in the United Kingdom (behind The Shard, One Canada Square and Heron Tower). Designed by César Pelli & Associates, construction of the 45-storey tower - undertaken by Canary Wharf Contractors - began in 1998 and was completed in 2001, with Citigroup leasing the building from the outset. The building was bought by RBS in 2004 along with 5 Canada Square (leased to Bank of America) for $1.12 billion. Subsequently, on 2 July 2007, CGC2 was individually sold to a joint venture between Quinlan Private and PropInvest for £1 billion (US$2 billion). Citigroup pay £46.5 million a year in rent for the tower, generating a yield of 4.6% to the owners. The east-facing side of 25 Canada Square up to level 40 is configured for use by tenants.

33 Canada Square, or Citigroup Centre 1, is the smaller of the two buildings in the complex, designed by Norman Foster and completed in 1999, two years before its neighbour. At  tall, the building is made up of eighteen floors, all of which are adjoined to their equivalent floors in 25 Canada Square. The building is owned by Citigroup, and was built before the completion of the Jubilee line extension in late 1999.

In addition to main entrances from both Canada Square and Upper Bank Street, Citigroup Centre is also accessible via underground walkways from Canada Place shopping mall and Canary Wharf London Underground station - served by the Jubilee line. The centre is also close to DLR stations Canary Wharf and Heron Quays, which provide connections with the City, London City Airport and surrounding areas.

References 

Banks
Buildings and structures in London
London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Skyscrapers
Janny Sikazwe (born 26 May 1979) is a Zambian teacher and also an international football referee. He was one of the referees for the AFCON 2015, and he was the referee at the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup Final in Japan and also at 2017 AFCON final in Gabon.

References

Other websites
Janny Sikazwe, WorldReferee.com
Profile on RateTheRef.net

Living people
1979 births
Alpine County, officially the County of Alpine, is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,175. making it California's least populous county. The county seat is the census-designated place of Markleeville. There are no incorporated cities in the county.

Alpine County is in the Sierra Nevada, between Lake Tahoe and Yosemite National Park.

The county was founded on March 16, 1864.

References 

1860s establishments in California
1864 establishments in the United States
Jan Mayensfield () is an aerodrome or airfield in Jan Mayen, Norway. It is run by the Norwegian Armed Forces. The aerodrome serves both the civilians and the military on the island. The airfield was opened in 1960. The runway is made of dirt and is  long. The runway is labeled 06-24.

Eight times a year, a Lockheed C-130 Hercules from the 335 Squadron from Bodø Main Air Station brings supplies and new people.  Landing safely can be difficult because the volcano nearby called Beerenberg causes wind vortexes.

History 
The airfield was made by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Norwegian Armed Forces. They started to work on the airfield in 1958. To make the work easier, the workers made the runway from a   existing dirt road. The first airplane to land at the airfield was a Consolidated PBY Catalina on September 17, 1960.

The first non-military aircraft to land at the airfield was a Douglas DC-4 which brought journalists on October 29, 1961. Grumman HU-16 Albatrosses and the Douglas DC-6s have also landed at the airfield. The airfield was named after movie star Jayne Mansfield as a joke, but the name stuck.

In 1970, the volcano called Beerenberg erupted and all the people were evacuated. A C-130 was sent to the island to get the people and was able to land on the dirt runway. More and more supplies were delivered by aircraft after that. Most supplies were delivered by ship.

Facts 
The C-130 from the Royal Norwegian Air Force visits the island only eight times a year. The runway is not open for regular commercial use. The runway can be used for research and search and rescue.

The dirt runway is . One end of the runway points to 060 degrees on a compass and the other end points to 240 degrees.

The Jan Mayensfield airdrome's weather can change a lot. It is often foggy.  Kármán vortexes can make the winds quickly change direction.

Accidents 
IN 1991, a C-130 aircraft almost crashed after take off due to the wind shifting.

A World War II plane crashed near where the airfield was built.

References 

Norway
Airports in Europe
1960 establishments in Europe
1960s establishments in Norway
(April 1, 1928 – December 26, 2011) was an important Japanese architect. He start the Japanese Metabolist group of architects. He also taught several important Japanese architects, such as Toyo Ito, Shōzō Uchii and Itsuko Hasegawa.

Early life
Kikutake was born in 1928 in Kurume, Japan. He graduated from Waseda University in 1950.

Career
Kikutake's most important work is his "Marine City" project in 1958. This project became part of the Metabolist Manifesto at the World Design Conference in Tokyo in 1960. Kenzo Tange and Kisho Kurokawa were asked to show work at the "Visionary Architecture" exhibition in New York of 1961. This made the Metabolists known internationally.

He became assistant professor at Waseda University in 1959 in the Faculty of Science and Engineering. He became a professor at Chiba Institute of Technology in 1989. He returned to Waseda from 1993-1998 as a visiting professor in the Research Institute for Science and Engineering.

Kikutake worked until he died in 2011. He designed several important public buildings in Japan. He also taught internationally. He was President and then Honorary President of the Japan Institute of Architects.

Awards
Kikutake won many awards both in Japan and internationally. These include the Japan Academy of Architecture Prize (1970) and the UIA (Union Internationale des Architectes) Auguste Perret Prize (1978).

List of works
Sky House, Tokyo, 1958
Marine City, 1958
Tatebayashi Civic Centre, 1963
Administrative building of Izumo Shrine,  1963
Pacific Hotel, Chigasaki, 1966
Miyakonojo Civic Hall, 1966
Expo Tower, Expo '70, Osaka, 1969
Matsumi Tower, 1976
Tanabe Art Museum, 1979
Hotel Seiyo, Ginza, Tokyo, 1987
Edo-Tokyo Museum, 1993
Hotel Sofitel, Tokyo, 1994
Shimane Art Museum, 1999
National Showa Memorial Museum, 1999
Kyushu National Museum, 2005

References

Kisho Kurokawa, "The Origin and History of the Metabolist Movement" - Charles Jencks, Kisho Kurokawa. Studio Vista, 1976
Botond Bognar, "Beyond the Bubble: Contemporary Japanese Architecture" ; Phaidon, 2008

Other websites
K. Kikutake Architects
 Marine City, 1958

1928 births
2011 deaths
People from Fukuoka Prefecture
Japanese architects
Waseda University alumni
Mu Cephei, also known as Herschel's Garnet Star due to its red, garnet-like color, is a red hypergiant star in the  Cepheus constellation. With a radius of 1,260 solar radii, or a diameter of 1,753,200,000 kilometers, it is one of the largest stars known. Mu Cephei is also the "prototype" of the semiregular variable star type.

Related pages
 119 Tauri
 Pi1 Gruis
 Antares
 Betelgeuse
 VV Cephei
 VY Canis Majoris

References 

Red giants
Variable stars
Hypergiants
Fazal Hayat (1974 – 14 June 2018), more commonly known by his pseudonym  Fazlullah (), was a militant. He served as the leader of the Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi. He was the leader of the Tehreek-e-Taliban-e-Pakistan in Swat Valley.

On 7 November 2013, he became the emir of the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, and presided over the descent of the group into factions who are often at war with each other. Fazlullah was added to the U.S. State Department's Rewards for Justice wanted list on March 7, 2018.

On 14 June 2018, Fazlullah was killed in an American drone Strike in Kunar Province, Afghanistan at the age of 43-44.

References

Other websites
 "Imam warns police against his arrest; FIR registered" 3 March 2007
 

1974 births
2018 deaths
Deaths by airstrike
Pakistani people
Military people
Radio personalities
Terrorists
Vincent Richard Gray (24 March 1922 – 14 June 2018) was a British-born New Zealand chemist. He was a founder of the New Zealand Climate Science Coalition. He was born in London. He was known for being a critic of global warming. 

Gray was featured on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation program Counterpoint in a debate entitled "Nine Lies about Global Warming". In 2002, Gray also published a book, The Greenhouse Delusion: A Critique of "Climate Change 2001".

Gray died in Petone, New Zealand of pneumonia on 14 June 2018, aged 96.

Publications
 The Global Warming Scam (2015), ISBN 9781941071236

References

Other websites
 The New Zealand Climate Science Coalition 
 IPCC too blinkered and corrupt to save
 Support for call for review of UN IPCC 

1922 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
British chemists
Critics
New Zealand chemists
Scientists from London
Writers from London
Sir Richard John Hadlee  (born 3 July 1951) is a New Zealand former cricketer. He is thought to be one of the greatest fast bowlers and all-rounders in cricketing history. He was born in St Albans, New Zealand.

Hadlee was appointed MBE in 1980 and knighted in 1990 for services to cricket. In December 2002, he was chosen by Wisden as the second greatest Test bowler of all time. 

On 3 April 2009, Sir Richard Hadlee was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame. 

In June 2018, Hadlee was diagnosed with bowel cancer and underwent tumour removal surgery.

References

Other websites
 

1951 births
Living people
New Zealand cricketers
People with cancer
Jerry "Iceman" Butler, Jr. (born December 8, 1939) is an American Hall of Fame singer-songwriter, musician, television presenter and politician. He was born in Sunflower, Mississippi. He is a guitarist, pianist, drummer and saxophonist. His genres include funk, soul and R&B. He was raised in Cabrini–Green, Chicago.

He is known as being the original lead singer of the R&B vocal group The Impressions. He serves as a Commissioner for Cook County, Illinois, having first been elected in 1985 as a Democrat. As a member of this 17-member county board, he chairs the Health and Hospitals Committee, and serves as Vice Chair of the Construction Committee.

In 1991, Butler was added to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame along with other The Impressions' members.

In his last election, Butler won reelection in March 2014 with over 80 percent of the vote. Butler will not seek re-election to the board in 2018.

In recent years, he has served as host of PBS TV music specials such as Doo Wop 50 and 51, Rock Rhythm and Doo Wop, and Soul Spectacular: 40 years of R&B, among others. He has also served as chairman of the board of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation.

References

Other websites
Mississippi musicians: Jerry Butler.  Erica Covin
Jerry Butler Biography on VH1.com 
Jerry Butler on Philly Soul Classics

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees
1939 births
Living people
American R&B singers
American R&B musicians
American soul musicians
American funk musicians
American pianists
American funk singers
American guitarists
American saxophonists
American drummers
American television presenters
State legislators of the United States
African-American singers
African American musicians
African American writers
African American politicians
Singers from Mississippi
Musicians from Mississippi
Writers from Mississippi
Politicians from Mississippi
Singer-songwriters from Chicago
Musicians from Chicago
Television personalities from Chicago
Politicians from Chicago
US Democratic Party politicians
An election for Mayor of Chicago in which the first round was held on February 26, 2019. Since no candidate received a majority of votes, a runoff election will be held on April 2, 2019. Incumbent Rahm Emanuel was able to run for a third term, as there are no term limits for the office of Mayor of Chicago, but on September 4, 2018 declined to seek a third term.

Emanuel was first elected in 2011, when he took 55.19% of the vote in a four candidate field. He was reelected in 2015, receiving 55.7% of the vote in the runoff election.

The total of fourteen candidates on the mayoral ballot is record-setting for Chicago mayoral elections.

In the first round election, Lori Lightfoot and Toni Preckwinkle advanced to the runoff election. Lightfoot was elected in a victory landslide, becoming the first African-American woman mayor of Chicago, Lori Lightfoot will also be the first openly LGBT Mayor of Chicago. Lightfoot won all fifty of the city's wards.

Candidates

Second round

Eliminated in first round

Rejected
 Dorothy A. Brown, Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County since 2000

Withdrawn
 Rahm Emanuel, incumbent Mayor. Withdrew on September 4, 2018
 Ja'Mal Green, Executive director of the Majostee Allstars Community Center. Withdrew on December 31, 2018
 John Kass, columnist for the Chicago Tribune. Withdrew on September 24, 2018
 Troy LaRaviere, President of the Chicago Principals and Administrators Association. Withdrew on November 13, 2018

Polling

Early polling

Mendoza vs. Preckwinkle

References

2019 in the United States
Mayoral election 2019
April events
2019 elections in North America
February 2019 events
Mayoral elections in Chicago
In the 2018 FIFA World Cup, which is taking place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018, the main disciplinary actions taken against players come in the form of red and yellow cards.

Disciplinary statistics

Sanctions

By match

Source:

By referee

By team

By player

Source:

Notes

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Disciplinary record
FIFA World Cup disciplinary records
Aram Shah was the second king of the Mamluk dynasty. The Mamluk dynasty was the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. He ruled the dynasty from 1210 to 1211.

Succession
Aram Shah was not a good ruler. The forty nobles group, Chihalgani called Iltutmish to rule over the dynasty. Iltutmish defeated Aram Shah in the war. He also became the next king of the dynasty.

Reference

Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)
Markleeville (formerly, Markleville) is a census-designated place (CDP) in California, United States. It is the county seat of Alpine County. The population was 210 at the 2010 census, up from 197 at the 2000 census.

References

1861 establishments in California
Settlements in Alpine County, California
Census-designated places in California
County seats in California
Amador County, officially the County of Amador, is a county in the U.S. state of California, in the Sierra Nevada. As of the 2010 census, the population was 38,091. The county seat is Jackson.

References 

 
1854 establishments in California
Norma Bessouet (October 15, 1940 – June 11, 2018) was an Argentine painter and sculptor. Bessouet's work was mainly about around portraits, domesticity and the female nude. Her paintings were abstract in their style and she also created equally as abstract wooden dolls. She was born in Buenos Aires.

Bessouet lived and worked in New York City. She died of breast cancer in Buenos Aires on June 11, 2018 at the age of 77.

References

1940 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
Argentine painters
Sculptors
People from Buenos Aires
James Wayne Flynt (born October 4, 1940) is an American educator, editor and historian. He was born in Pontotoc, Mississippi. He is Professor Emeritus in the Department of History at Auburn University. He has won many teaching awards and been a Distinguished University Professor for many years.  

His research focuses on Southern culture, Alabama politics, Southern religion, education reform, and poverty.  He is Editor-in-Chief of the Online Encyclopedia of Alabama.

Flynt had two sons with his late wife Dorothy - they were named Sean and David. 

He was a longtime friend of Harper Lee, the author of To Kill a Mockingbird and gave the eulogy at her funeral.

References

Other websites
 Mockingbird Songs: My Friendship with Harper Lee, 2017, published by HarperCollins.
 Keeping the Faith: Ordinary People, Extraordinary Lives, 2011, published by the University of Alabama Press
 Alabama: The History of a Deep South State, 2010, published by the University of Alabama Press
 Alabama in the Twentieth Century, 2006, published by the University of Alabama Press
 Alabama Academy of Honor, Flynt bio on web page (as of 2/2011) 

1940 births
Living people
American historians
American editors
Educators from Mississippi
Writers from Alabama
Writers from Mississippi
People from Pontotoc, Mississippi
Educators from Alabama
Nabil Fekir (born 18 July 1993) is a French football player that plays for Olympique Lyonnais. He played in the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

1993 births
French footballers
2018 FIFA World Cup players
Sportspeople from Lyon
Living people
Tekka Raja Badsha () is a Bengali television comedy drama that will begin streaming soon. It will air on the television channel called STAR Jalsha. The show will star Yuvraj Chowdhury, Somraj Maity, and Soumik Saha in lead roles. The show is similar to the Hindi movie Amar Akbar Anthony which was directed by Manmohan Desai.

Cast
Yuvraj Chowdhury as Tekka
Somraj Maity as Raja
Soumik Saha as Badsha

References

Indian television series
2010s comedy television series
2010s drama television series
2010s romance television series
2018 Indian television series debuts
Inyo County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,546. The county seat is Independence.

Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada. It is southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California.

References 

1866 establishments in California
The Kaze (popularly known as Killa Klan Kaze) is an American hip hop group, formed in 1990 in the city of Memphis, Tennessee.

The group began in the early 1990s, along with members of Scan Man and K-Rock, who were later to be replaced by Project Pat (recently incarcerated at the time). The band shortened their name to The Kaze and released their first and only album, "Kamakazie Timez Up". The Kaze sold about 50,000 units independently since its release in 1998.

Collectively known as The Kaze, the three artists released the album with the production of Three 6 Mafia. The album was to be the only project the group released together. After its release, MC Mack and Scan Man released their KamiKaze label and broke ties with Prophet Entertainment.

Tennessee's first great hip-hop artists, released their first album in 1998. After their second album sold well regionally, they signed with Lourd Records, which re-released All About My Hustle nationally in 2001. Their second album Universal was 2002's KamiKaze Up. At that point, they signed with DJ Paul's Scale-A-Ton, and also created their own label entitled Kami Kaze Inc. In 2003 they released their upcoming mixtape, Remastered, at Prophet Posse . In 2009, the group decided to leave the label on good terms.

Discografia

Studio albums 
 Kamakazie Timez Up (1998)
 Kami Kaze (2001)
 E.P. (2018)

References

Other websites 
 The Kaze/ Biography, Jason Birchmeier, AllMusic, 1998
 The Kaze Albums
1990s American music groups
Hip hop bands
Musical groups from Tennessee
Independence is a census-designated place (CDP) in Inyo County, California. It is the county seat of the county. The population was 669 at the 2010 census, up from 574 at the 2000 census.

Independence is  south-southeast of Bishop. It is at an elevation of .

References

Other websites 

Official Eastern California Museum website 
Friends of the Eastern California Museum website
Attractions in and near Independence 
Annual Community Events in Independence 
Independence Chamber of Commerce website

1861 establishments in California
Census-designated places in California
County seats in California
Settlements in Inyo County, California
Abu Huzaifa al-Kanadi is a self-described member of the Islamic State. He left Toronto in 2014 to join them before eventually returning back in 2016. It is unknown as to what his real name is, as he agreed to not reveal it on CBC. He sparked outrage after admitting on The New York Times that he murdered people while fighting for them. Numerous conservatives, such as Candice Bergen, called for action against him, as well as criticizing Justin Trudeau and the liberal government for refusing to arrest him.

References 

Islamic State people
Murderers
Canadian people
Pakistani people
Pakistani military people
Canadian military people
Living people
Kyra Petrovskaya Wayne (December 31, 1918 – June 3, 2018) was a Russian-born American author. She was a sniper during World War II and a survivor of the Siege of Leningrad. She was the author of 14 books. She was a survivor of the Siege of Leningrad.

Wayne died in Kingston, Washington of respiratory failure on June 3, 2018 at the age of 99.

References

Other websites
 Kyra Petrovskaya Wayne official website 
 Interview with Kyra Petrovskaya Wayne , Silver Star Kyra Petrovskaya Wayne, 26 June 2008.
 Kyra Petrovskaya Wayne Silver Planet Photo Gallery , June 2008.
 Detailed Bibliography of Kyra Petrovskaya Wayne 

1918 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Washington (state)
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American novelists
Russian novelists
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Writers from Washington
Edmonds is a city in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. It is located in the southwest corner of the county, facing Puget Sound and the Olympic Mountains to the west. 

The city is part of the Seattle metropolitan area and is located  north of Seattle and  southwest of Everett. It has a population of 39,709 residents in 2010 U.S. census. Edmonds is the fourth most populous city in the county.

Other websites
 City of Edmonds

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
The Olympic Mountains are a mountain range on the Olympic Peninsula of western Washington in the United States.  The mountains, part of the Pacific Coast Ranges. 

The eastern slopes rise out of Puget Sound from sea level and the western slopes are separated from the Pacific Ocean by the low-lying  wide Pacific Ocean coastal plain. The western slopes are the wettest place in the contiguous United States (outside Hawaii and Alaska). 

Most of the mountains are protected within the bounds of the Olympic National Park. A large portion of the range is contained within the Olympic National Park. Of this 95% is part of the Olympic Wilderness.

References

Other websites
 Park History 
 ONP Info 

Geography of Washington (U.S. state)
Mountains of the United States
Martin "Marty" Bregman (May 18, 1926 – June 16, 2018) was an American movie producer. He was born in New York City. Bregman produced many movies including Scarface, Sea of Love, Venom, Serpico, Dog Day Afternoon, The Four Seasons, Betsy's Wedding, Carlito's Way, Carlito's Way: Rise to Power, The Bone Collector and The Adventures of Pluto Nash.

Bregman died of a cerebral hemorrhage in New York City on June 16, 2018 at the age of 92.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Iván Duque Márquez (; born August 1, 1976) is a Colombian politician and economist. He is the 60th President of Colombia since 7 August 2018. Before, he was a senator for Bogota in the Senate of Colombia. He is a member of the Democratic Center Party.

On March 11, 2018, Duque won the nomination to become the presidential candidate for the right coalition. Duque was elected President of Colombia on June 17, 2018 after defeating Gustavo Petro 54% to 42% in the second round. On May 27, 2018 he won the first round of the presidential election with over 39% of the vote.

References

Other websites
 Official Website 

1976 births
Living people
Conservatives
People from Bogotá
Presidents of Colombia
Current national leaders
Economists
Elizabeth Brackett (December 11, 1941 – June 17, 2018) was an American journalist and political figure and writer. She was known for hosting WTTW-TV's Chicago Tonight program and also worked as a correspondent for PBS' The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer. 

In 1988, Brackett was awarded a Peabody Award for her coverage of the 1988 U.S. presidential election.

Brackett was born in Illinois. She studied at Indiana University. Brackett was injured in a serious accident while biking on the Lakefront Trail on June 13, 2018. She suffered from a fractured vertebrae, fell into a coma and died four days after the accident at a Chicago hospital, aged 76.

References

Peabody Award winners
1941 births
2018 deaths
Accidental deaths in Chicago
American television presenters
American political writers
Journalists from Chicago
Politicians from Chicago
US Democratic Party politicians
The Chicago Lakefront Trail (abbreviated as LFT) is a  shared use path for walking jogging and cycling. It is located along the western shore of Lake Michigan in Chicago, Illinois. The trail passes through and connects Chicago's four major lakefront parks along with various beaches and recreational amenities. It also serves as a route for bicycle commuters.

From north to south, it runs through Lincoln Park, Grant Park, Burnham Park, and Jackson Park.

Other websites
 Chicago Park District's Lakefront Trail Map

Parks in Chicago
WGN-TV is an cw television station licensed to Chicago, Illinois, United States. It serves as the flagship television property of the Tribune Broadcasting of the Tribune Media Company, which also owns radio station WGN (720 AM) and local cable news channel Chicagoland Television (CLTV).

The station's second digital subchannel serves as an owned-and-operated station of the classic TV network Antenna TV. It is broadcast through a transmitted located at the Willis Tower.

References

American television stations
Chicago, Illinois
Don Sandburg (1930 – October 6, 2018) was an American television writer, actor, and producer. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He has worked in television, most notably as producer of The Banana Splits for Hanna-Barbera as well as WGN-TV's Bozo's Circus as Sandy the Clown. In 1967, Sandburg appeared in local McDonald's ads as Ronald McDonald.

Sandburg died of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Springfield, Oregon on October 6, 2018 at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
 Various shorts clips and original commercial breaks from airings of Bozo's Circus/The Bozo Show 

1930 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in Oregon
American television producers
American television actors
American television writers
Actors from Cincinnati, Ohio
Writers from Ohio
The Bozo Show is a locally produced children's television program that aired on WGN-TV in Chicago and nationally on WGN America. It was based on the children's record book series, Bozo the Clown by Capitol Records. It ran from 1960 to 2001.

The series is a local version of the internationally franchised Bozo the Clown format and is also the longest-running in the franchise. It is known as the most popular and successful locally produced children's program in the history of television, it only aired under this title for 14 of its 40+ years: other titles were Bozo, Bozo's Circus, and The Bozo Super Sunday Show.

It starred Bob Bell as Bozo, Ned Locke as Ringmaster Ned, Ray Rayner as Oliver O. Oliver, Bob Trendler as Mr. Bob and Don Sandburg as Sandy.

References

1960 television series debuts
2001 television series endings
American children's television series
Television series set in Chicago, Illinois
English-language television programs
Robert Trendler  (May 11, 1912 – July 18, 2011) was an American bandleader, songwriter, television actor and musical director. He worked for the WGN Orchestra from 1956 to 1975. Trendler was known in Chicago as Mr. Bob the bandleader of Bozo's Big Top Band, on Bozo's Circus. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Trendler died on July 18, 2011 in Ellenton, Florida of cardiopulmonary arrest at the age of 99.

References

1912 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from cardiopulmonary arrest
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Florida
American bandleaders
American songwriters
American television actors
Musicians from Ohio
Writers from Ohio
Actors from Cincinnati, Ohio
Musicians from Chicago
Writers from Chicago
Actors from Chicago
Ellenton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Manatee County, Florida, United States.  The population was 3,142 at the 2000 census. Ellenton is located at  (27.522666, -82.525867).

References

Census-designated places in Florida
Irene Ryan (born Jessie Irene Noblitt; October 17, 1902 – April 26, 1973) was an American actress and comedian. She was born in El Paso, Texas.

Ryan was known for her role as Granny, the mother-in-law of Buddy Ebsen's character, on the long-running TV series The Beverly Hillbillies (1962–1971). She was nominated for Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 1963 and 1964.

Ryan died of glioblastoma and heart disease in Santa Monica, California on April 26, 1973 at the age of 70.

References

Other websites
 
 

1902 births
1973 deaths
Deaths from glioblastoma
Cancer deaths in California
Cardiovascular disease deaths in California
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
Comedians from Texas
Actors from El Paso, Texas
Robert Lewis Bell (January 18, 1922 – December 8, 1997), better known as Bob Bell, was an American actor. He was famous for his role as Bozo the Clown on The Bozo Show. He was born in Flint, Michigan, but raised in Deerfield, Illinois.

Bell died at his home in Lake San Marcos, California on December 8, 1997 from congestive heart failure, aged 75.

References

Other websites
 Bozo the Clown - biography of Bob Bell, WGN-TV's Bozo the Clown
 

1922 births
1997 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Cardiovascular disease deaths in California
American television actors
Actors from Michigan
Actors from Illinois
People from Flint, Michigan
William Frazier Thomas (June 13, 1918 – April 3, 1985) was an American television personality and writer. Thomas wrote nine children's books, he was best known for creating, hosting, writing and producing the long-running children's television program Garfield Goose and Friends on WGN-TV.

References

Other websites

Frazier Thomas: Friend and More Bill Granger, 15 April 1985, Chicago Tribune
Tribute to Thomas Thomas K. Brown, 18 April 1985, Chicago Tribune

1918 births
1985 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Chicago
American television writers
American television actors
American television producers
Writers from Indiana
Actors from Indiana
Television personalities from Chicago
Writers from Chicago
Bill Ray Jackson (September 15, 1935 – January 17, 2022) was an American television personality, cartoonist and educator. He was best known for having hosted the children's programs The BJ and Dirty Dragon Show and Gigglesnort Hotel.

Jackson died on January 17, 2022 in Paso Robles, California from problems caused by COVID-19 at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
 Bill Jackson's official website 
 Thanks to TV Party.com for the information

BJ & Dirty Dragon Photo Gallery  Chicago Tribune
BJ & Dirty Dragon Show  various clips

1935 births
2022 deaths
American television writers
Educators from Chicago
American cartoonists
Writers from Missouri
Television personalities from Chicago
Writers from Chicago
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Educators from Missouri
Ottawa is a village in and the county seat of Putnam County, Ohio, United States. The population was 4,460 at the 2010 census.

References

Villages in Ohio
County seats in Ohio