cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Colwich is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. It is northwest of Wichita. In 2010, 1,327 people lived in Colwich.

History
Colwich was created in 1887. The name is a portmanteau of Colorado and Wichita, or the Colorado & Wichita Railroad.

Geography
Colwich is at  (37.780480, -97.540420). It is northwest of Wichita and centered around the intersection of 53rd St North and 167th St West. The United States Census Bureau shows that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

Colwich is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

2010 census
The 2010 census shows that there were 1,327 people, 466 households, and 348 families living in Colwich. The population density was . There were 480 housing units at an average density of . The people were 97.4% White, 0.2% African American, 0.5% Native American, 1.1% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the population.

There were 466 households, of which 44.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.7% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.3% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.38.

The median age in the city was 32.7 years. 34.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.9% were from 25 to 44; 21.1% were from 45 to 64; and 11.1% were 65 years of age or older. The people were 50.1% male and 49.9% female.

Education
The community is served by Renwick USD 267 public school district.

References

More reading

Other websites

 City of Colwich
 Colwich - Directory of Public Officials
 Colwich City Map, KDOT

Cities in Sedgwick County, Kansas
1887 establishments in Kansas
Coyville is a city in Wilson County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 46 lived there.

History
Coyville was planned out in 1886 when the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway was extended to that point. The town was named after Oscar Coy, a store owner who in 1866 served as the first postmaster.

Geography
Coyville is at  (37.685436, -95.897147),. The United States Census Bureau shows that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Climate
The climate in this area has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system shows that Coyville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census shows that there were 46 people, 26 households, and 8 families living in Coyville. The population density was . There were 34 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 80.4% White, 2.2% Native American, 8.7% from other races, and 8.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.

There were 26 households, of which 19.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.9% were married couples living together, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 69.2% were non-families. 65.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.77 and the average family size was 3.38.

The median age in the city was 49.6 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 6.6% were from 25 to 44; 43.5% were from 45 to 64; and 17.4% were 65 years of age or older. The people were 45.7% male and 54.3% female.

Related pages
 Toronto Lake and Cross Timbers State Park
 Fall River Lake and Fall River State Park

References

More reading

Other websites
 Coyville - Directory of Public Officials
 USD 484, local school district
 Coyville City Map, KDOT

Cities in Wilson County, Kansas
Cottonwood River is one of the main tributaries of the Neosho River in central Kansas of the United States.

Course
The river starts near the west line of Marion County as two tributaries: the North Cottonwood River and the South Cottonwood River. They both start within 2 miles of each other, and they start within a few miles northwest of Lehigh.

The North Cottonwood starts near the west line of Marion County. It crosses into McPherson County and is parallel to the county line northward for 5 miles. Then, crosses back into Marion County. It goes through Durham, then into the Marion Reservoir.

The South Cottonwood also starts near the west line of Marion County. It goes southward about 1 mile west of Lehigh. Then it flows eastward about 2 miles south of Hillsboro, then northeast towards the lower side of the Marion Reservoir.

The North and South Cottonwood join about 1 mile southeast of the Marion Reservoir to become the North Fork Cottonwood River. Then, it goes through the city of Marion. The river goes southeast to Florence, then eastward towards Chase County. In Chase County, it goes northeast through Cedar Point then near Clements and Elmdale. It then flows eastward through Strong City, Cottonwood Falls.

The South Fork Cottonwood River starts south of Matfield Green, then flows northward along the east side of Matfield Green and Bazaar. It combines with the North Fork Cottonwood River about 3 miles east of Cottonwood Falls. Then, it goes eastward near Saffordville and across into Lyon County near Plymouth, Kansas, then along the south edge of Emporia. It goes into the Neosho River about 5 miles east of Emporia.

History
In 1806, Zebulon Pike led the Pike Expedition westward from St Louis, Missouri. Part of their journey followed the Cottonwood River through Marion County near the current towns of Florence, Marion, Durham.

Cities and towns along the river
 Marion
 Florence
 Cedar Point
 Clements
 Elmdale
 Strong City
 Cottonwood Falls
 Saffordville
 Emporia

Tributaries
 Cedar Creek
 Diamond Creek
 Doyle Creek
 Jacobs Creek

Lakes
These lakes are in the Cottonwood River drainage basin:
 Marion Reservoir, northwest of Marion.
 Marion County Lake, southeast of Marion.
 Chase County State Lake, west of Cottonwood Falls.
 Camp Wood YMCA Lake, south of Elmdale.
 Peabody Country Club Lake, south of Peabody.

Bridges
These bridges over the Cottonwood River are on the National Register of Historic Places list:
 1916 Cottonwood River Pratt Truss Bridge, 0.8 miles west of Cedar Point ().
 1886 Clements Stone Arch Bridge, 0.5 miles southeast of Clements ().
 1914 Cottonwood River Bridge, north edge of Cottonwood Falls ().
 1923 Soden's Grove Bridge, south edge of Emporia ().

Gallery

Related pages
 Cedar Point Mill
 Jacobs Creek and Jacobs Creek Flood
 Great Flood of 1951
 List of Kansas rivers

References

Other websites

Cottonwood River current depth and history
 west edge of Marion
 1 mile east of Florence
 1 mile southwest of Plymouth (between Strong City and Emporia)
 4 miles east of Emporia

Rivers of Kansas
In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system is a system, where the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. In nature, most systems are non-linear. 

Nonlinear problems are interesting to engineers, biologists, physicists, mathematicians, and many other scientists. In nature, most systems are nonlinear. Nonlinear dynamical systems, describe changes in variables over time. Such systems  may appear chaotic, unpredictable, or counterintuitive. Linear systems are much simpler.

A nonlinear system of equations is used to mathematically describe a nonlinear system. This is  set of equations in which the unknowns (or the unknown functions in the case of differential equations) appear as variables of a polynomial of degree higher than one or in the argument of a function which is not a polynomial of degree one. In other words, in a nonlinear system of equations, the equation(s) to be solved cannot be written as a linear combination of the unknown variables or functions that appear in them. Systems can be defined as nonlinear, regardless of whether known linear functions appear in the equations. In particular, a differential equation is linear if it is linear in terms of the unknown function and its derivatives, even if nonlinear in terms of the other variables appearing in it.

Nonlinear dynamical equations are difficult to solve. For this reason, they are commonly approximated using linear equations. If only limited accuracy or a range of the input values is required,  this works well. The problem is  that it hides interesting phenomena such as solitons, chaos, and singularities.  

Although such chaotic behavior may appear random, it is in fact not random. For example, some aspects of the weather are seen to be chaotic, where simple changes in one part of the system produce complex effects throughout. This nonlinearity is one of the reasons why accurate long-term forecasts are impossible with current technology.

Some authors use the term nonlinear science for the study of nonlinear systems. This term is disputed by others:

References 

Systems theory
Discovery Kids (stylized as DK) is a Latin American pay television channel owned by Discovery, Inc. and headquartered in Miami, Florida, which started as a programming block on the Latin American version of Discovery Channel.

The channel is divided into six live feeds: Pan-regional, Colombia, Southern, Mexico and Brazil, each with their own HD simulcast feeds. Until 2019, the channel had an HD version of the channel with different schedule broadcasting to all Latin America. The network is also available in the Caribbean and Puerto Rico.

References
Marion Zimmer Bradley was an American author of science fiction, fantasy and science fantasy. She was born in Albany, New York on June 3, 1930. Her parents were Leslie Raymond Zimmer, a carpenter and Evelyn Zimmer, a historian. They were not a financially secure family. They had financial problems because they lived during the Great Depression of the 1930s.

As a child, Bradley liked reading. She wrote science fiction and fantasy stories which were published in her school. Her goal was still to become an opera singer. Over time her works and participation in speculative fiction brought her recognition as a writer.

Bradley is most famous for her novels The Mists of Avalon and later her Darkover novels.

References

Other websites
Marion Zimmer Bradley Literary Works Trust

1930 births
1999 deaths
Writers from New York
People from Albany, New York
American novelists
Science fiction writers
Q is the name of a fictional character from Star Trek.  It is also the name of his race.  Q appears in Next Generation, Deep Space Nine, Voyager, and Lower Decks and in related media. John de Lancie plays the Q character. He is an extra-dimensional being.  The human characters do not know how he came to exist.  He has power over time, space, the laws of physics, and reality itself.  He is capable of changing reality and even the past when he wants to. Q only sometimes uses contractions in his speech.

Star Trek uses the name "Q" for the names of all the individuals from the Q species.  All male and female Q  characters refer to each other as "Q." They also call their whole race "Q" and call their home "the Q Continuum" – an alternate dimension accessible to only the Q and people they choose to bring there. The true nature of the realm is said to be beyond the comprehension of "lesser beings" such as humans. When humans go there, they see it in ways they can understand; e.g., a run-down gas station in the "middle of nowhere."

Beginning with the pilot episode "Encounter at Farpoint" of The Next Generation, Q became a recurring character.  Most of his scenes are both dramatic and funny.  He enjoys annoying Jean-Luc Picard, the serious human captain of the Enterprise D. He serves as a major antihero throughout The Next Generation. He is an important part of both the first and last episodes of the show. Q is first presented as a cosmic force judging humanity to see if it is becoming a threat to the universe. However, as the series continues, his role morphs more into one of a teacher to Picard and the human race generally, although he often does this in ways that seem destructive or disruptive or meant for his own fun. Other times, notably during "Deja Q" and Voyager, Q appears to the crew seeking assistance.  For example, one time all the other Q turned Q human as a punishment.

Gene Roddenberry chose the letter "Q" in honor of his friend Janet Quarton.

References

Star Trek characters
Louis Leonard Hasley (November 3, 1906 – May 1986) was an American writer, poet, essayist, editor, and critic. He was also a professor of English at the University of Notre Dame from 1931 to 1973. He was married to Lucile Hasley, who was also a writer.

References 

 
1906 births
1986 deaths
Writers from Indiana
American poets
American essayists
American academics
Educators from Indiana
Fruit preserves is the name of specially prepared fruit, where the main preserving agent is sugar, and sometimes acid. Very often, they are stored in glass jars, and are used as a condiment, or a spread. Common examples of fruit preserves are jams, jellies  and marmalade. 

Before refrigeration, there were various ways of preserving food. One was to keep it very dry (e.g. beef jerky). The other was to bottle it. In bottles, sugar is used for sweet fruits, but vinegar (acetic acid) is used for savoury items. As the world was not so warm in past centuries, it was possible for houses in the colder zones to keep an ice pit for much of the year. That way iced dishes could be provided. So fruit preserves are something of our past which survives to the present.

Food preservation
The Bokermann's leaf frog (Phrynomedusa bokermanni) is a frog that lives in Brazil.

References

Frogs
Animals of South America
On 31 January and 1 February 1953, large parts of the Netherlands, Belgium and the United Kingdom were flooded because of a storm. Over 2,500 people were killed.

References

1953
1950s in the United Kingdom
20th century in Belgium
20th century in the Netherlands

Disasters in the 20th century

Disasters in the United Kingdom
Floods in Europe
February events
January events
Squadron Leader X is a 1943 British World War II spy drama movie directed by Lance Comfort and was based on the short story by Emeric Pressburger. It stars Eric Portman, Ann Dvorak, Walter Fitzgerald, Beatrice Varley, Martin Miller, Charles Victor, Henry Oscar, Aubrey Mallalieu and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. It is a lost movie.

Other websites
 
 

1943 drama movies
1940s war movies
British war movies
British spy movies
British drama movies
Movies based on short stories
Movies directed by Lance Comfort
Edgewood is a city in Pierce County, Washington, United States.

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
Fife is a city in Pierce County, Washington, United States.

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
Fircrest is a city in Pierce County, Washington, United States.

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
D-Day the Sixth of June is a 1956 American World War II romance movie directed by Henry Koster and was based on the 1955 novel The Sixth of June by Lionel Shapiro. It stars Robert Taylor, Richard Todd, Dana Wynter, Edmund O'Brien, Robert Gist, Richard Stapley and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites
 
 
 

1956 movies
1950s war movies
1950s romance movies
American war movies
American romance movies
World War II movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Henry Koster
Claudio Detto (born 28 August 1950 in Milan) is an Italian painter of contemporary art.

Biography
Born in Milan on August 28, 1950, led towards free drawing from an early age, he grew up as a self-taught painter, made his debut in the mid-70s with pictorial tributes dedicated to the great masters of the 20th century, such as Giorgio Morandi, Amedeo Modigliani and Giorgio De Chirico. In the 90's, he also paints and collects works by important italian artists. He comes to informal art after experimenting with different, more figurative painting styles and after freeing himself from any stylistic scheme or cage, he changes the link with a defined image, he moves on to informal painting. It expresses an apparently instinctive painting, in continuous research.

Bibliography
 Catalog, Artisti 2021, Annuario internazionale d'arte contemporanea, Editore Art Now.
 Monograph, Detto Claudio: arte moderna - looking for emotions, 2019.
 Catalog of Modern Art No. 56, in Giovanni Faccenda, "The Italian Astist from the early twentieth century to today"( Gli Artisti Italiani dal Primo Novecento ad Oggi) Giorgio Mondadori, Milan, 2011.
 Catalog, Atlante dell'Arte Contemporanea, De Agostini editore.
 Catalog, PITTURA BAZART, Collana di Pittura, vol.19, pp. 15,16,17,18,19-26.

References

Other websites

 
 Biography on Artprice.com
 Biography on Queen Art Studio Gallery

Italian painters
1950 births
Living people
Schneider Electric is a multinational company based in France. It works in energy and automation industries in more than 100 countries.

The company was founded in 1836 as Schneider & Cie. It has been renamed as Schneider Electric in May 1999.

In 2021, it was called the most sustainable company in the world by Corporate Knights.

References 

Companies of France
The Fighting Kentuckian is a 1949 American western movie directed by George Waggner and starring John Wayne, Oliver Hardy, Vera Ralston, Philip Dorn, Marie Windsor, Hugo Haas, Paul Fix, Grant Withers, Mae Marsh, Jack Pennick. It was distributed by Republic Pictures.

Other websites
 
 
 

1949 movies
1940s western movies
American western movies
Movies directed by George Waggner
Frederick "Fred" Harold Hale (December 1, 1890 – November 19, 2004) was an American supercentenarian, beekeeper and railway post officer, and at the time of his death the oldest living man. Both of his parents lived to age 91 and his youngest son, Fred Hale Sr, to age 97. He married Flora Mooers, who died in 1979, in 1910, and had two daughters, Muriel (1910–1970) and Carrie (1913–1992) and three sons, Robert (1916–1918) who died in the Spanish flu, Norman (born 1920) and Fred (born 1921). At the time of his death, Hale also had nine grandchildren, nine great-grandchildren and eleven great-great-grandchildren.

At age 95, Hale surfed for the first time in his life in Hawaii during a stop there on the journey back from Japan where he visited his grandson. At age 100, he traveled to Europe along with his son Norman and his daughter-in-law, to visit Norman's location of military service during World War II. At age 108, Hale was recognized by Guinness World Records as the oldest person ever with a driving license, and he believed "bee pollen and honey every day, along with the occasional nip of whiskey" as the secret to a long life. He became the oldest living American man and the third oldest living man in the world (behind Japaneseman Yukichi Chuganji and Joan Riudavets) on February 24, 2003 when 113-year-old John McMorran died of heart failure and over a year later, on March 5, 2004, after 114-year-old Spaniard Joan Riudavets' death, also the oldest man in the world as well as the last living man born before the tenth and last decade of the 19th century (1891–1900).

Hale died of pneumonia on November 19, 2004, just twelve days before his 114th birthday and less than six weeks before his son Norman (who died at age 84 on December 30, 2004), and was (before Puerto Rican man and World War I-veteran Emiliano Mercado del Toro, his successor as the oldest living man, later broke his record) the second-oldest American man ever (after 115-year-old Danish-American Christian Mortensen) and only the fourth oldest man ever (behind Mortensen, Yukichi Chuganji and Joan Riudavets).

1890 births
2004 deaths
American supercentenarians
World record holders
Deaths from pneumonia
The spiny-knee leaf frog (Phrynomedusa fimbriata) is an extinct frog that lived in Brazil.  Scientists have only seen it in one place: Paranapiacaba.  It was last seen in the early 20th century.

References

Frogs
Animals of South America
The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) is an independent international organization of more than 200 investigative journalists and 100 media organizations in over 70 countries. It was created in 1997 by the Center for Public Integrity in Washington, D.C., United States.

References

1997 establishments in the United States
WHTZ is a Top-40/CHR radio station in New York City that broadcasts to the New York metropolitan area.

References 

Radio stations in the United States
New York City
, better known by his stage names  and , is a Japanese comedian, television personality and entertainer. He is best known for his single  "PPAP (Pen-Pineapple-Apple-Pen)".

References

1973 births
Living people
Japanese movie actors
Japanese television actors
Japanese television personalities
Japanese comedians
Internet celebrities
David Julius (born November 4, 1955) is an American physiologist. He is known for his work on molecular mechanisms of pain sensation and heat. He is a professor at the University of California, San Francisco.

Julius won the 2010 Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine and the 2020 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences. He also won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Ardem Patapoutian.

References

Other websites
Website at UCSF

1955 births
Living people
American physiologists
American academics
Scientists from Brooklyn
Writers from Brooklyn
Scientists from San Francisco
Writers from San Francisco
Educators from New York City
Educators from San Francisco
Earle Leonard Wells (27 October 1933 – 1 October 2021) was a New Zealand Olympic gold medalist. He competed in yachting. Wells won the Flying Dutchman class at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

Wells was born in Auckland. He died on 1 October 2021, at the age of 87.

References

1933 births
2021 deaths
New Zealand sportspeople
Olympic gold medalists
People from Auckland
Granma is the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party. It was formed in 1965. Publication of the newspaper began in February of 1966. Its name comes from the yacht Granma that carried Fidel Castro during the Cuban Revolution.

References

Newspapers in North America
Kitab al-Futūh () is an important hadith and akhbari collection, compiled by Sayf ibn Umar. It is al-Tabari's main source for the Ridda wars and the early Muslim conquests. It also contains important information on the structure of early Muslim armies and government.

Currently, a facsimile edition of the fragments preserved in the Al-Imam University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Etymology 
The Arabic word Kitab (), literally means 'book' or 'revelation'. It is derived from the Semitic root K-T-B () which is related to writing. The Arabic definite article al- usually means 'of' or 'the'. Futuh ()  is the plural noun of the Arabic word Fatah () which means 'conquest'.

History 
Sayf ibn Umar, the compiler of the book, was from Kufa and lived in Baghdad. He traveled throughout Iraq during the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate.

Contents 
The book primarily discuss the early Muslim conquests and wars. It also features information about the assassination of the third caliph Uthman. Abdullah ibn Saba and his followers are mentioned in the book as well. The work also contains a brief account, on the authority of Ibn Abbas, of the way in which Paul corrupted Christian doctrines by persuading three of his followers, Yaqūb, Nasṭūr and Malkūn, of the divinity of Īsā (Jesus).

Reliability 
Sayf ibn Umar is considered reliable. W. F. Tucker and Ella Landau-Tasseron note that although Sayf may have been an unscrupulous hadith collector, this should not detract from his general reliability as a transmitter of historical information (akhbārī). Tucker adds that accusations of bias could equally be leveled at other akhbārīs contemporary to Sayf, including the Shi'a historian Abu Mikhnaf. Fuat Sezgin, Albrecht Noth, and Martin Hinds have also challenged Wellhausen's views and placed Sayf on an equal footing with other traditionalists. Linda D. Lau and A. R. Armush also regard Sayf ibn Umar as reliable and accept his accounts and the role of the Saba'iyya at the Battle of the Camel.

Reference 

Arabic literature
Tulio Renán Fuentealba Moena (19 April 1917 – 1 October 2021) was a Chilean politician and lawyer. He was born in Talcahuano, Chile. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies between 1957 until 1965. He was also President of Christian Democratic Party between 1961 until 1965 and again from 1972 until 1973. Fuentealba Moena was a Senator from 1965 until 1973.

Fuentealba Moena died on 1 October 2021 in Santiago de Chile at the age of 104. He was hospitalized the month before for heart failure.

References

1917 births
2021 deaths
Chilean politicians
Centenarians
Deaths from heart failure
Chilean lawyers
The National Congress  () is the legislative branch of the government of Honduras.

The Honduran Congress is a unicameral legislature. Its members are 128 deputies, who are elected to serve four-year terms.

Congress meets in a purpose-built legislative palace (Palacio Legislativo) in the centre of Tegucigalpa.

Other websites
  

Honduras
Sergey Danilin (1 January 1960 – 4 October 2021) was a Soviet luger. He competed from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s. He was in four Winter Olympics. He won the silver medal in the men's singles event at Sarajevo in 1984.

Danilin died on 4 October 2021 at the age of 61.

References

1960 births
2021 deaths
Soviet Olympic silver medalists
Paul Linger (20 December 1974 – 1 October 2021) was an English professional footballer. He played in the Football League as a midfielder for Charlton Athletic, Leyton Orient and Brighton & Hove Albion.

On 1 October 2021, Linger died of pancreatic cancer at the age of 46.

References

1974 births
2021 deaths
English footballers
Sportspeople from London
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Andrea K. Schroeder (June 2, 1964 – October 1, 2021) was an American politician. She was a Republican member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 2019 to 2021. Schroeder was born in Detroit, Michigan.

Schroeder died on October 1, 2021 from stomach cancer in Independence Township, Michigan at the age of 57.

References

1964 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Detroit, Michigan
US Republican Party politicians
Clarkston, known officially as the City of the Village of Clarkston, is a city located in Oakland County, Michigan, United States. At the 2010 census, the city had a population of 882.

References

Cities in Michigan
Ziauddin Ahmed Bablu (31 December 1954 – 2 October 2021) was a Bangladeshi politician. He is a member of Jatiya Party. He was a Jatiya Sangsad member. He was the Cabinet Minister for Energy in the 1980s. He became an advisor to the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in November 2013.

On 7 September 2021, Bablu was hospitalized with COVID-19. He died from the infection in Dhaka on 2 October 2021, aged 66.

References

1954 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Bangladeshi politicians
Dana Bumgardner (May 16, 1954 – October 2, 2021) was an American businessman and politician. He was a Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly from 2013 until his death. 

Bumgardner died from liver cancer at his home in Gastonia, North Carolina on October 2, 2021, at age 67.

References

1954 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from liver cancer
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from North Carolina
Businesspeople from North Carolina
US Republican Party politicians
Mummy Nanny also known as (Momie au pair), is a French-German-American animated comedy television series produced by EM.TV & Merchandising AG, Super RTL and distributed in US, MGM Television aired in July 11, 2002 to October 12, 2003.

Cast
 Mona Marshall as Nile
 Joshua Seth as Alex
 Rebecca Forstadt as Samantha
 Steve Blum as Mr. Elsewhere/Stan
 Wendee Lee as Mrs. Elsewhere/Susan, additional voices
 Paul St. Peter as Uncle Ankh
 Michael Sorich as Mr. Big
 Bob Buchholz as Stretch
 Richard Horvitz as Stumpy
 Richard Epcar as Narrator 
 Dorothy Fahn as Stewardess 
 Maria Bamford as Nurse
 Janice Kawaye 
 Jeff Nimoy
 Tom Kenny
 Kevin Michael Richardson
 Nika Futterman
 Richard Cansino
 Tara Strong
 Jill Talley
 Tress MacNeille
 Dee Bradley Baker  
 Frank Welker 
 S. Scott Bullock
 Jennifer Hale
 Rachael MacFarlane
Additional voices: Nika Futterman, Jason Marsden, James Arnold Taylor, Marieve Herington, Eddie Deezen, Kath Soucie, Paula Tiso, Grey DeLisle, Sean Schemmel.

References

2000s American animated television series
French television series
German television series
American television series revived after cancellation
2002 American television series debuts
2003 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Cartoon Network series
Michel Fernex (2 April 1929 – 2 October 2021) was a Swiss medical doctor. He worked at the Medical Faculty University of Basel. He was a member of Physicians for Social Responsibility and International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War.

Fernex died on 2 October 2021 in Basel at the age of 92.

References

1929 births
2021 deaths
Swiss scientists
Physicians
Agostino Gambino (6 July 1933 – 2 October 2021) was an Italian jurist and politician. He was Minister of Communications from 1995 until 1996. He was the President of the Associazione Internazionale di Diritto delle Assicurazioni.

Gambino died in Rome on 2 October 2021 at the age of 88.

References

1933 births
2021 deaths
Italian judges
Italian politicians
People from Genoa
Mohammad Umer (19 April 1960 – 2 October 2021), also known as Umer Shareef, was a Pakistani actor, comedian, director, producer, and television personality. He was known for hosting the The Shareef Show Mubarak Ho.

Shareef died of pneumonia caused by cancer on 2 October 2021 at a hospital in Nuremberg, Germany at the age of 61.

References

1960 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Cancer deaths in Germany
Pakistani movie actors
Pakistani entertainers
Comedians
Frances Haugen is an American electrical engineer, data scientist, product manager, and whistleblower. In 2021, she disclosed [or showed] tens of thousands of Facebook's internal documents to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Wall Street Journal. She also filed (or made) a whistleblower complaint to the SEC; In the complaint she has said that Facebook has misled (or gave wrong information to) investors [to give priority, or] "to prioritize growth over safety"; She says that was done by ignoring research showing that it (or Facebook) amplifies "angry, polarizing, [and] divisive content", and that can put public safety at risk.

She gave testimony in front of one of the committees of the United States Senate, on October 5.

Later in October, Facebook's Oversight Board said that it will [meet or] speak with Haugen about her knowledge of  the business (of Facebook) and its practices.

She was born and raised in Iowa City, Iowa.

References

American engineers
Scientists from Iowa
1980s births
Living people
William Todd Akin (July 5, 1947 – October 3, 2021) was an American politician and businessman. He was the U.S. Representative for  from 2001 to 2013. He was a member of the Republican Party.

In 1988, he was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives. He left office in 2000, when he was elected to the United States House of Representatives.

Akin was the Republican nominee for the United States Senate running against Democratic U.S. Senator Claire McCaskill in the 2012 election. He lost the election because he said that women who are victims of what he called "legitimate rape" rarely get pregnant. Akin eventually apologized for the remark. In 2014, he defended his comments and regretted apologizing for them. 

In April 2001, Akin had surgery for early-stage prostate cancer. He died from cancer on October 3, 2021 in Wildwood, Missouri at the age of 74.

References

1947 births
2021 deaths
United States representatives from Missouri
Politicians from New York City
US Republican Party politicians
Businesspeople from New York City
Businesspeople from St. Louis, Missouri
Deaths from prostate cancer
Politicians from St. Louis, Missouri
Ann Louise Wagner (née Trousdale, September 13, 1962) is an American politician and diplomat. She is the U.S. Representative for Missouri's 2nd congressional district since 2013. She is a member of the Republican Party. She was the United States Ambassador to Luxembourg from 2005 to 2009.

References

1962 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States
United States representatives from Missouri
US Republican Party politicians
Politicians from St. Louis, Missouri
Jorge Arturo Agustín Medina Estévez (; 23 December 1926 – 3 October 2021) was a Chilean Catholic Church cardinal. He was born in Santiago de Chile. 

He was prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments from 1996 to 2002 and was made a Cardinal in 1998. He was auxiliary bishop and then from 1987 bishop of Rancagua and then bishop of Valparaíso from 1993 to 1996.

Medina was a critic of homosexuality. In 2011, he was accused of sexual assault on minors.

Medina died on 3 October 2021 in Santiago de Chile at the age of 94.

References

1926 births
2021 deaths
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic bishops
People from Santiago
Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa (; born 5 September 1933) is a Chilean prelate of the Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Santiago from 1998 to 2010. He has been a cardinal since 2001. He was a member of Pope Francis' Council of Cardinal Advisers from 2013 until 2018.

In 2018 and again in 2020, he was accused of covering up sexual scandals and abuses in the Catholic church.

References

1933 births
Living people
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Archbishops
People from Santiago
Ghanashyam Nayak (12 May 1945 – 3 October 2021) was an Indian actor. He had appeared in many tele serials. He was well known for the role of Natwarlal Prabhashankar Undhaiwala in Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah. 

Nayak died from prostate cancer in Mumbai on 3 October 2021, aged 76.

Died

Other websites
 

1945 births
2021 deaths
Indian movie actors
Indian television actors
Indian stage actors
Indian voice actors
Cancer deaths in India
Actors from Mumbai
Deaths from prostate cancer
Bernard Tapie (; 26 January 1943 – 3 October 2021) was a French businessman, politician, actor, singer, and television personality. He was Minister of City Affairs in the government of Pierre Bérégovoy between 1992 until 1993. He was also a member of the National Assembly between 1989 until 1992 and again from 1993 until 1996. He was a member of the Radical Party of the Left.

Tapie was born in Paris. He was President of the Olympique de Marseille. From 1963 until 1964, he served for the French Army. Tapie died on 3 October 2021 in Paris from stomach cancer, aged 78.

References

Other websites

 Integral arbitration decision in the Tapie's case 2008
 affairetapie.info
 Bernard Tapie hearing about the Adidas case arbitration
 Jean Peyrelevade (former president of Crédit Lyonnais) hearing about the Adidas case arbitration
 Hervé Causse's analysis

1943 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
French businesspeople
French singers
French movie actors
French television personalities
French television actors
Politicians from Paris
Actors from Paris
The Nephilim (; ) are mysterious beings or people mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.
They are large and strong; the word Nephilim is loosely translated as giants in some Bibles but left untranslated in others. Some Jews think they were fallen angels.
They are mentioned in Genesis, Numbers and Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible. People aren't sure who the Nephilim were.

The Biblical book Numbers 13:33 says that they later lived in Canaan at the time that Israel conquered Canaan.

A similar Hebrew term, read as "Nephilim" by some scholars, or as the word "fallen" by others, appears in the Biblical book Ezekiel 32:27.

What are Nephilim
Some people think Nephilim are Giants, others Fallen Angels, others to be the result of angels mating with humans, and some that they descended from the Biblical figures of Seth and Cain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs thought that nephilim are "giants". Robert Baker Girdlestone thought that they are 'those that cause others to fall down'.  Ronald Hendel thinks that it means 'ones who have fallen'.

The majority of ancient biblical translations think they were "giants". Symmachus thought they were "the violent ones" and Aquila thought they were either "the fallen ones" or "the ones falling [upon their enemies]".

Some Jews believe that the Nephilim had children called Elioud. Aramaics think that Nephilim refer to the children of Orion. J. C. Greenfield thinks that the Nephilim is based on bad things in Sumerian beliefs. Early Arabs thought that fallen angels were sent to Earth looking like men, and they mated with humans.

Mentions of Nephilim in the Hebrew Bible
In Genesis 6:4:The Nephilim were in the earth in those days, and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bore children to them; the same were the mighty men that were of old, the men of renown.

In Numbers 13:32–33,:And there we saw the Nephilim, the sons of Anak, who come of the Nephilim; and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight.

In Ezekiel 32:27: They lie with the warriors, the Nephilim of old, who descended to Sheol with their weapons of war. They placed their swords beneath their heads and their shields upon their bones, for the terror of the warriors was upon the land of the living.

Idea about nephilim fossils
Cotton Mather thought that fossilized leg bones and teeth discovered near Albany, New York, in 1705, were the remains of Nephilim who died in a great flood, though paleontologists thought they were mastodon remains instead.

References

Other websites
 Jewish Encyclopedia: Fall of Angels
 Catholic Encyclopedia: Angels

Angels
Controversies
Demons
Old Testament people
Palestine
The spotless crake, sooty rail, pūweto, puweto, or putoto (Zapornia tabuensis) is a bird in the family Rallidae. It lives in the Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, other parts of Polynesia, and two subspecies have been found high in the hills in New Guinea.  Scientists do not know much about them because they hide so well.

Appearance

The spotless crake is about half the size of a blackbird.  It is about 20 cm long.  It weighs about 45 g.  It has blue-gray and black feathers.  It has orange-pink legs.  It has a black beak.

Habitat and food
Spotless crakes live in wetlands that have fresh water, not salt water.  They look for food where the plants grow close together.  Sometimes they will walk out on bare mud, but they run back into the plants if they think they are in danger.

The spotless crake eats the seeds of many plants, but it also eats animals without bones, for example beetles and worms.  This bird is crepuscular, which means it looks for food at dawn and dusk.

Breeding
Spotless crakes form one-on-one pairs to lay eggs.  They build nests out of pieces of grass woven together.  The nest is 30-50 cm above the water.  Sometimes they build platforms near the nest.  The female lays 2-5 eggs at a time.  Both the male and female crake sit on the eggs.  The eggs take 20-22 days to hatch. The chicks stay in the nest for about 4 days.  They can catch some of their own food at that age.  Both parents care for the chicks for 4-5 months.

Threats

Human beings change their wetlands into farms.  Introduced species brought by humans can also kill the crake.

References

Birds of Oceania
Bryson Spinner was a former American football quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers.

1980 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Virginia
San Francisco 49ers players
Thalassa is a Greek goddess.   She is a personification of the sea, meaning people thought of the sea as a person, and that person was Thalassa.   The word "Thalassa" means "sea."

The Latin author Hyginus wrote about her.  He said she was the daughter of the gods Aether and Hemera. She is the wife of the god Pontus, who is also a personification of the sea.

Greek mythology
Gods and goddesses
Manes was a mythical king of Lydia in Greek mythology. He was the son of Zeus and Gaia, and the father of Atys, who succeeded him as king.

Lydia may have then been known as Maeonia, which may have come from his name.

Greek mythology
Eberhard Panitz (16 April 1932 – 1 October 2021) was a German writer, screenwriter, literary editor and publicist. He wrote documentaries, audio plays and scripts for movies and television. Many of his works were called socialist realism. He was born in Dresden, Germany. Panitz was a member of the Marxist forum of the Die Linke party. 

Panitz died on 1 October 2021 in Berlin at he age of 89.

References

1932 births
2021 deaths
German screenwriters
German activists
Editors
Political writers
People from Dresden
Writers from Berlin
is a Japanese politician and former television presenter. She is a member of the House of Councillors of the National Diet  since 2007. She is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. 

Marukawa was Minister of State for the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games twice. The first time was  for Prime Minister Shinzo Abe from August 2016 until August 2017, and the second for Yoshihide Suga on 18 February 2021 to replace LDP lawmaker and retired Olympian Seiko Hashimoto.

She is married to Taku Otsuka. He is also a member of the House of Representatives).

References

1971 births
Living people
Japanese politicians
Japanese television personalities
Noriko Horiuchi (born 28 October 1965) is a Japanese politician. She has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2012. She is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. In October 2021, she became Minister of State for Vaccinations in the Fumio Kishida cabinet. She was born in Isawa, Japan.

References

1965 births
Living people
Japanese politicians
Kari Lake (born August 23, 1969) is an American retired television news anchor and politician. She used to present for KSAZ-TV television station in Phoenix, Arizona. She retired from her anchor role in early 2021. 

In June 2021, Lake announced her candidacy for Governor of Arizona in the 2022 election as a Republican. Her campaign has been supported by former President Donald Trump.

Lake used to be a Democrat between 2008 and 2012. She supported the presidential campaigns of John Kerry and Barack Obama.

References

1969 births
Living people
American television news anchors
Politicians from Phoenix, Arizona
Politicians from Illinois
Journalists from Illinois
Writers from Phoenix, Arizona
US Republican Party politicians
is a Japanese politician. In October 2021, he became Minister of Finance for the Fumio Kishida cabinet. ​He has been a member of the House of Representatives as a Liberal Democratic Party.

References

Other websites
 
 Suzuki Shunichi profile, jimin.jp; accessed 18 June 2015.

1953 births
Living people
Japanese politicians
is a Japanese politician. She is a member of the House of Representatives since 2012. She is the Minister for Digitization in Fumio Kishida's cabinet since October 2021. ​She is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party.

Makishima was born in Yokosuka, Kanagawa.

References

Other websites
 Official site

1976 births
Living people
Japanese politicians
Channel One () is the first television channel to broadcast in the Russian Federation. Its headquarters are at Ostankino Technical Center near the Ostankino Tower in Moscow.

It was the first of Russia's country-wide channels. Channel One has more than 250 million viewers worldwide.

References

Russia
Soyuz MS-19 is a Soyuz spaceflight planned for launch on 5 October 2021. Soyuz MS-19 will be the 147th flight of a crewed Soyuz spacecraft. The crew will have a Russian commander, Russian movie director Klim Shipenko and Russian actress Yulia Peresild. 

Shipenko and Peresild are planned to spend about a week on the ISS before returning to Earth aboard Soyuz MS-18, with plans of filming a movie in space, Vyzov (). The flight will launch three crew members of the Expedition 66.

Without an American astronaut, this would make the first time in more than 21 years that a Soyuz crew only includes Russian cosmonauts and travelers.

References

October 2021 events
The Challenge () or Doctor's House Call is an upcoming Russian space docudrama movie by Klim Shipenko. It is the first movie shot in outer space as it is being filmed inside the International Space Station. It will release sometime in January 2022.

Plot 
A cosmonaut loses consciousness in a space station. The space agency decides to send a doctor up into space for heart surgery there, rather than bringing the cosmonaut down to ground first.

References

Other websites 
 

2022 movies
Upcoming movies
Russian movies
The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, also known as Roscosmos (), is a state corporation of the Russian Federation. They focus on the country's space flights, cosmonautics programs, and aerospace research.

Notes

References

Russia
Fathali Oveisi (; 11 January 1946
– 5 October 2021) was an Iranian actor and movie director. He was born in Tehran, Iran. He acted in Captain Khorshid (1987), Baanoo (1999), Hamoun (1990), Love-stricken (1992) and Cactus. 

Oveisi was hospitalized with a stroke in Tehran and went into a coma on 30 September 2021. He died on 5 October 2021, aged 75.

References

Other websites

1946 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Iranian movie directors
Iranian actors
People from Tehran
Valeriy Vasylyovych Pidluzhnyy (; 22 August 1952 – 4 October 2021) was a Ukrainian long jumper. He  represented the Soviet Union. He was born in Donetsk, Ukrainian SSR. He won two silver medals at the European Athletics Indoor Championships as well as a gold medal at the 1974 European Athletics Championships and a bronze medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

Pidluzhnyy died on 4 October 2021 in Kiev, Ukraine at the age of 69.

References

1952 births
2021 deaths
Soviet sportspeople
Soviet Olympic medalists
Olympic bronze medalists
Ukrainian sportspeople
Funan (; ,  ; , Chu Han: ) was an ancient kingdom in Southeast Asia. This kingdom existed from the 1st to the 7th century CE.

General
Most texts written about this subject was written by foreign travelers. As a result, information about this ancient kingdom is often disputed.

Etymology 
George Cœdès thinks that the word Funan came from the word Bnaṃ or Vnaṃ in old Khmer. The modern Khmer word Phnom (meaning mountain or hill) came from this word.  Claude Jacques, however, disputes this theory. He pointed out that there is a wrong translation of the Sanskrit word Parvatabùpála as Bnaṃ. There is no ancient Khmer text found using this word to refer to this kingdom.

There are other explanations on how the word was formed. Claude Jacques believes the Chinese created this name because they likes to add  ("nan") to refer to regions "to the south" (Yunnan, Hainan, ...).

Capital 
The exact location of the capital is not known. The Book of Liang said the capital is 500 li (250 kilometers) from the sea, so it might be in Ba Phnom (Cambodian province of Prey Veng), Angkor Borei (in the Cambodian province of Takeo) or Óc Eo (now in Vietnam).

George Cœdès believes the name of the capital is Vyadhapura (city of hunters) because Angkorian texts described about it. The Book of Tang also recorded the word Témú (old Khmer Dalmāk) which also means hunter. But Michael Vickery disputes this claim because of two reasons. First, the two words have different meaning. The Vyadhapura killed the animal, but the Dalmāk brought the animal home alive. Second, the word Dalmāk appeared for the first time in the ninth or early tenth century, and the word Témú appeared in Chinese texts for the first time in the sixth century (Funan: 1st—7th century).

Notes and References

Authors cited

References

Former empires
History of Cambodia
Claudia is a 1943 American comedy movie directed by Edmund Goulding and was based on the 1941 play of the same name by Rose Franken. It stars Dorothy McGuire, Robert Young, Ina Claire, Reginald Gardiner, Jean Howard, Olga Baclanova and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was followed up in 1946 by Claudia and David.

Other websites
 
 
 

1943 movies
1940s comedy movies
American comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Edmund Goulding