cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Trevi fountain is a fountain in Rome. It lies in the Trevi district, from which it gets its name. The current fountain was built from 1732 to 1736 in Baroque style. At about  high and about  wide the Trevi fountain is Rome's largest fountain. It is also one of the best-known ones.

History

In the year 19 BC, Marcus Agrippa commissioned an aqueduct to provide water for the baths he had built in the city. This aqueduct is about  long, and has been in use since then. From the 12th century, the aqueduct provided water to three fountains in the current Via del Corso in Rome. Pope Nicholas V ordered the restoration of the aqueduct, in the 15th cenrury. The new aqueduct ended in a different place. Leon Battista Alberti constructed a simple fountain, which provided water from three openings. The wall of this fountain also bore the signs of the pope. Pope Pius IV also had the aqueduct restored, about a century later, from 1561 to 1570. Pope Urban VIII ordered a new fountain to be built; for lack of money, all that was done is that the place before the fountain was enlarged.

Buildings and structures in Rome
Fountains
Tony Anselmo (born February 18, 1960) is an American voice actor and animator. He has been the voice of Donald Duck since 1985. He took over the role after Clarence Nash's death in 1985. Anselmo spent three years as his understudy. Anselmo has also shared voice-over duties (with Russi Taylor) for Huey, Dewey and Louie since 1999. He has voiced the nephews on Mickey Mouse Works and House of Mouse. He also lent his voice to minor characters in The Great Mouse Detective, Mickey's Around the World in 80 Days and Phineas and Ferb.

Anselmo has also worked as a voice actor for the Kingdom Hearts series. This featured Donald Duck as one of three main characters. He also provided the voice of Donald in the video game Kinect Disneyland Adventures in 2011. Anselmo attended the Character Animation program at the California Institute of the Arts. As an animator, Anselmo has worked on such Disney theatrical films as The Black Cauldron, The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, The Lion King, Tarzan and The Emperor's New Groove. In September 2009, Tony Anselmo was named a Disney Legend.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Animator

References

1960 births
Living people
American voice actors
American animators
Actors from Salt Lake City, Utah
James Todd Spader (born February 7, 1960) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in Stargate (1994), Wolf (1994), Crash (1996), Secretary (2002), Boston Legal (2004) and The Blacklist (2013). He played Robert California in The Office.

Spader was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 James Spader at Emmys.com

Emmy Award winning actors
1960 births
Living people
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Mortimer Maxwell Caplin (July 11, 1916 – July 15, 2019) was an American lawyer and educator. He was the founding member of Caplin & Drysdale, Chartered. Caplin served on John F. Kennedy's Task Force on Taxation and in January 1961. He appointed U.S. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.

Caplin was born in New York City, New York. He turned 100 in July 2016. Caplin died on July 15, 2019 in Chevy Chase, Maryland at the age of 103.

References

Other websites

D.C. Bar Legends in the Law
Caplin & Drysdale, Chartered
UVA's Mortimer Caplin Public Service Center
Images of Mortimer Caplin (Source: Life)  
 Lewis Gilbert, Still Timely 
 Multiplex: Ruth Caplin Theatre Curtains Go Up
 UVA's Innovative Ruth Caplin Theatre Opens Its Doors Tonight
 U.Va. Drama Department Ends Season, Begins Era at State-of-the-Art Ruth Caplin Theatre
 Chevy Chase Couple Has Dedication to Dance, Arts 

1916 births
2019 deaths
Educators from New York City
Lawyers from New York City
American centenarians
Commissioners of Internal Revenue
Businesspeople from New York City
Writers from New York City
Politicians from New York City
US Democratic Party politicians
Herbert W. "Herb" Trimpe (May 26, 1939 – April 13, 2015) was an American comic book artist and occasional writer. He was best known as the seminal 1970s artist on The Incredible Hulk and as the first artist to draw for publication the character Wolverine, who later became a breakout star of the X-Men.

He was born in Peekskill, New York.

Trimpe died suddenly in Hurley, New York on April 13, 2015 at the age of 75.

References

1939 births
2015 deaths
American comics artists
American comics writers
Writers from New York
John V. Romita, Sr. (often known as simply John Romita) (born January 24, 1930) is an American comic-book artist. He is best known for his work on Marvel Comics' The Amazing Spider-Man. He was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2002.

References

1930 births
Living people
American comics writers
American comics artists
Writers from New York City
"When a Man Loves a Woman" is a 1966 R&B song by Percy Sledge. The song hit #1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. It also was #1 on the R&B singles chart. The song was later performed by Michael Bolton in 1991. His version won a Grammy Award. Barbara Mandrell recorded a country music version of this song, also in 1991.

References

1966 songs
Rhythm and blues ballads
Homaro Cantu (September 23, 1976 – April 14, 2015) was an American inventor, entrepreneur, chef and  molecular gastronomer. He owned and operated the Cantu Designs Firm and Moto Restaurant in Chicago, Illinois.

On April 14, 2015, Cantu's body was found hanging inside a building he purchased in hopes of renovating it into a brewery on the Northwest Side of Chicago. Cantu was 38. After an autopsy on April 15, the Cook County medical examiner’s office officially declared Cantu's death a suicide.

References

Other websites
 "Future Food Television Series"
 Cantu Designs 
 Fast Company Article: "Homaro Cantu's Weird Science" (May 2006)
 Moto Restaurant 
 FLYP Media multimedia article: "A Menu with Meaning" 

1976 births
2015 deaths
People who committed suicide
American chefs
Businesspeople from Chicago
People from Tacoma, Washington
Norman "Norm" Howard Bangerter (January 4, 1933 – April 14, 2015) was an American politician. He was the 13th Governor of Utah from 1985 to 1993. He was the first Republican elected to the position since 1965.

On April 14 2015, Bangerter suffered a stroke and later died at the age of 82 in Murray, Utah.

References

1933 births
2015 deaths
American Latter Day Saints
Deaths from stroke
Governors of Utah
US Republican Party politicians
The 1944 Great Atlantic hurricane was a severe tropical cyclone. The entire U.S. Atlantic seaboard was affected in September 1944. The hurricane struck several states from North Carolina to New York and central New England. The storm killed 300-400 people. It caused $100 million in damage.

Warnings 
During World War II, the US kept radio silence about military information including weather. The government was aware that German U-boats patrolled the coastal waters. Hurricane-warning flags were posted at coast guard stations and post offices. But weather forecasters wanted the public to know this was a monster storm. The Hurricane Warning Centers in Miami, San Juan, Washington DC and Boston issued a total of 51 warnings. In New York city alone there were thousands of phone calls made and received between September 12 and 15.

Path 
On September 9, 1944, it was first discovered just northeast of Puerto Rico. It was already at hurricane strength. Weather reconnaissance aircraft discovered the eye of the storm over the northern part of the Bahamas. The Miami office of the National Hurricane Center named it "Great Atlantic Hurricane" because of its great size. For the next few days it moved steadily in a west-northwest direction. On September 12, 1944, reconnaissance aircraft reported the storm was growing stronger. At this time the winds were reported at over 150 mph and it was about 500 miles across.

At 10 pm on 14 September the hurricane made landfall on eastern Long Island. At this point it was a category 3 hurricane. It passed just south of Boston, Massachusetts. It moved out to sea at 1:00 am on 15 September. The storm weakened into a tropical storm as it passed near the coast of Maine. It then moved into New Brunswick,Canada. On 15 September it became extratropical. It then merged with another weather system southwest of Greenland.

Damages

Shipping
The hurricane caused a great deal of damage to World War II military ships. Five ships were sunk. The destroyer USS Warrington capsized with a loss of 248 men. The minesweeper YMS-409 also capsized. The United States Coast Guard Cutters Bedloe and Jackson sank off the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Between the two 47 men were lost. The Coast Guard Lightvessel Vineyard Sound was sunk. The entire crew was lost.

New Jersey 
New Jersey was one of the hardest hit states. Nine were killed and 390 were injured. More than 400 homes were completely destroyed with about 3,000 damaged. Atlantic City got the worst part of the storm. Heavy flooding and high winds caused a great deal of damage. Reports said there were tidal waves 50 to 60 feet high.

Notes

References

Other websites 

 Storm Stories: 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane, YouTube
 GREAT ATLANTIC HURRICANE 1944, trees at Rockefeller center

Great Atlantic Hurricane
Hurricanes in the United States
September 1944 events
Hurricanes in New England
ILOVEYOU was a computer worm that first appeared on May 5, 2000. The worm was sent by email using the subject "ILOVEYOU", with the worm attached. The worm would look like a text file, until it was opened. The file would be called LOVE-LETTER-FOR-YOU.txt.vbs. Because of Microsoft Windows' default options, the user would not see the ".vbs" extension, and mistake it for a harmless text file which cannot execute code.

Many of the files on the computer would be replaced by the worm. Depending on what version was run, the payload would be different, because the worm could be changed so easily. The worm was written in Visual Basic Script, and used Microsoft Outlook to spread. It infected over 45 million computers and caused $10 billion in damages.

References

Malware
Bella Moretti (born March 12, 1989 in Las Vegas, Nevada) is the stage name of an Afro-American model and pornographic actress. She started making pornographic movies in 2008. Has also used the aliases Bella Morecti, Bella Marette and Bella Moriett.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites

 Bella Moretti at the Internet Adult Film Database
 Bella Moretti at the Adult Film Database

1989 births
Living people
Actors from Las Vegas, Nevada
African-American movie actors
African-American sex industry people
American pornographic actors
Models from Nevada
Michelle Lynn Hall (born March 26, 1986 in Inglewood, California), better known by her stage name Misty Stone, is an Afro-American pornographic actress and fetish model. She started making pornographic movies in 2006. Has also used the aliases Jenny Stone, Misti Stone and Misty.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Misty Stone at the Adult Film Database

1986 births
Living people
Actors from Inglewood, California
African-American movie actors
African-American sex industry people
American adult models
American pornographic actors
Models from California
Meir Rosenne (‎; 19 February 1931 – 14 April 2015) was an Israeli lawyer and diplomat. Rosenne was born in Jassy, Romania.

From 1971 until 1979 he served as legal adviser to the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 1979 until 1983 he served as the Israeli Ambassador to France. From 1983 until 1987 he served as the Israeli Ambassador to the United States. In 1987 Rosenne retired from the diplomatic service. From 1989 until 1994 he served as President of the Israel Bonds Organization.

Rosenne died on 14 April 2015 in Jerusalem, aged 84.

References

Other websites
 A brief biography
 An article by Meir Rosenne regarding UN Security Council resolution 242

1931 births
2015 deaths
Civil servants
Ambassadors of Israel
Israeli Jews
Israeli lawyers
Jewish lawyers
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Romanian Jews
Zalman Shoval (, born 28 April 1930) is an Israeli politician and diplomat. He is also active in Israel's economic life.
He was the Israeli ambassador to the United States in the years 1990–1993 and 1998–2000, and an active member of the Knesset in the Rafi party of Ben Gurion, the State List, and the Likud party.

Shoval was born in the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland).

References

1930 births
Living people
Civil servants
Former Members of Knesset
German Jews
Likud politicians
Ambassadors of Israel
Jewish Israeli politicians
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from former German territories
People from Gdańsk
Ruth Dayan (born Ruth Schwartz, March 6, 1917 – February 5, 2021) was an Israeli activist. She was the widow of late Israeli general and politician Moshe Dayan. She founded the Maskit fashion house and was active in many social causes.

Ruth Dayan was born in Haifa, Israel. She wrote her memoirs.

She turned 100 in March 2017 and died in February 2021, one month before her 104th birthday. Dayan died at her home in Tel Aviv.

References

1917 births
2021 deaths
Autobiographers
Israeli activists
Israeli centenarians
Jewish activists
Jewish centenarians
Jewish Israeli writers
People from Haifa
Gloria Henry (born Gloria McEniry; April 2, 1923 – April 3, 2021) was an American actress. She was best known for her role as "Alice Mitchell", Dennis’s mother, from 1959 to 1963 on the CBS family sitcom, Dennis the Menace.

Henry died on April 3, 2021 at her home in Los Angeles, just one day after her 98th birthday.

References

Other websites

 

1923 births
2021 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New Orleans, Louisiana
Hermann Schweppenhäuser (12 March 1928 – 8 April 2015) was a German philosopher and publisher. He was a professor of philosophy at the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Uinversity in Frankfurt am Main, Germany and the University of Lüneburg, Germany. He was the autohor of books on Heidegger, Kierkegaard and Hegel and numerous esaays and articles on philosphical and aesthetical topics. Together with Rolf Tiedemann, he was the editor of the collected works of Walter Benjamin. He was born in Frankfurt am Main an died in Veitshöchheim, Germany at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
 Biography 

1928 births
2015 deaths
20th-century German philosophers
21st-century German philosophers
German academics
People from Frankfurt
Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin (; 15 July 1892 – 26 September 1940) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, and translator.

Benjamin was born to a Jewish family in Berlin, then-German Empire.  

He worked in many subjects such as  German idealism, Romanticism, historical materialism, and Jewish mysticism. He helped aesthetic theory and Western Marxism grow. 

Benjamin committed suicide by taking an overdose of morphine in Portbou at the French–Spanish border while attempting to escape from the Nazis at the age of 48.

Family 
Jewish-East German judge and politician Hilde Benjamin was his brother's wife.

References

Other websites

 Walter Benjamin, at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
 The Internationale Walter Benjamin Gesellschaft. In English and German.  (Defunct)
 Walter Benjamin at Marxists.org
 Fragments of the Passagenwerk: The Arcades Project, Giles Peaker
 Aufklärung für Kinder, by Walter Benjamin. 30 broadcasts for German Radio between 1929–1932 specifically for children, maybe 7–14 or so, each consisting of a 20 minute talk or monologue.
 One Way Street: Fragments for Walter Benjamin (1993), by John Hughes. This documentary provides clear and accessible introductions to some of the central ideas in Benjamin's writings.
 Protocols to the Experiments on Hashish, Opium and Mescaline  Translated by Scott J. Thompson, copyright March 25, 1997
 From 'Rausch' to Rebellion  An introductory essay by Scott J. Thompson
 Paris, capitale du XIXe siècle In French
 Walter Benjamin Research Syndicate 
 "Walter Benjamin for Historians", American Historical Review, Vol. 106, No. 5. December 2001.
 "Walter Benjamin on the idea of Progress" ...and the law of "uneven and combined development"
 Who Killed Walter Benjamin..., (Spain/The Netherlands/Germany, 2005, 73 min.) a documentary film about the circumstances of Benjamin's death by David Mauas

1892 births
1940 deaths
20th-century German philosophers
Communists
Cultural critics
Drug-related suicides
German critics
German people of World War II
19th-century German philosophers
Jewish German scientists
Jewish German writers
Jews who committed suicide
Marxism
Refugees from Nazism

German translators
Writers from Berlin
Writers who committed suicide
Luis Humberto Delgado Aparicio Porta (28 September 1940 – 2 April 2015) was a Peruvian politician. He served in the Congress of the Peruvian Government from 1995 to 2001. Before serving as a congressman, Aparicio was a delegate from 1990 through 1992. He was born in Callao, Peru.

Aparicio died in Lima, Peru from pancreatic cancer, aged 74.

References

1940 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Peruvian politicians
Civil servants
Doctor Zhivago is a 1965 epic romantic drama movie. The movie is about life in Russia before and during World War I and during the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1922. The movie is based on a novel of the same name. It was written by Boris Pasternak. The movie was banned in the Soviet Union. It could not be made there and also could not be shown in theatres after it was released. It was first shown in Russia in 1994. The movie was directed by David Lean.

Critics complained when the movie was released because its running time was over three hours. Also, critics thought that the history in the movie was not told correctly. Over time, opinions changed. Now it is thought by the public to be one of David Lean's best movies. It was ranked by the American Film Institute in 1998 as the 39th greatest American movie of all time.

The movie won five Academy Awards. It was entered into the 1966 Cannes Film Festival.

Cast
 Omar Sharif – Dr. Yuri Zhivago
 Julie Christie – Lara Antipov
 Rod Steiger – Victor Ipolitovich Komarovsky
 Alec Guinness – General Yevgraf Zhivago
 Geraldine Chaplin – Tonya Gromeko
 Tom Courtenay – Pasha Antipov / "Strelnikov"
 Rita Tushingham – Tanya Komarova / "The Girl"
 Jeffrey Rockland – Sasha

Background
The Doctor Zhivago novel was published in 1957 outside Russia, in Western countries. The book caused both praise and controversy. Some of Boris Pasternak's story had been available in Samizdat for some time after World War II. But the novel did not get written until 1956.

The book had to be smuggled out of the Soviet Union, because their government banned it for its views against Communism. It was taken by a trusted friend to an Italian publisher who printed and released it. Many people heard about the book because of the Soviet Union actions taken against the novel. It became very popular in the non-communist world. It spent 26 weeks at the top of the New York Times best-seller list.

A great poet who wrote about how he felt, Pasternak was awarded the 1958 Nobel Prize in Literature. Even though the award was given for his poetry, it was known that the prize was mainly for Doctor Zhivago. The Soviet Union saw this Nobel Prize as a personal attack against their government itself. Pasternak was said to be a traitor by their leaders, so he refused to accept the Prize. The public now thought Pasternak was a Cold War symbol of rebellion against Soviet communism.

The movie plot was the same as the novel in some ways, but some changes were made. Many critics said that the movie gave too much attention to the love story between Zhivago and Lara. This downplayed the events of the Russian Revolution and the civil war that it caused.

References

1965 romance movies
1960s romantic drama movies
1965 drama movies
Italian romance movies
Italian drama movies
1960s epic movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Russia
Academy Award winning movies
English-language movies
1960s historical movies
Solidarity (, pronounced ; full name: Independent Self-governing Trade Union "Solidarity" – Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy "Solidarność" ) is a Polish trade union that began on 17 September 1980 at the Gdańsk Shipyard under the leadership of Lech Wałęsa. It was the first trade union in a Warsaw Pact country that was not controlled by the Communist Party. It had 10 million members which was one in three of the total working-age population of Poland. Solidarity helped bring free elections to Poland. These elections were important as the country moved away from Communism.

References

History of Poland
Unions
1980 establishments in Europe
20th century establishments in Poland
Mariano di Jacopo detto il Taccola (1381 – ca. 1453), called Taccola (the crow), was an Italian artist, engineer and administrator. He lived during the early Renaissance period. He wrote two important books, De ingeneis and De machinis. These hand-drawn books have drawings of many new (for his time) machines. There are also descriptions of the machines.  Leonardo da Vinci and other people used his books in the later Renaissance.

Life  
Mariano Taccola was born in Siena in 1381. His father was a wine merchant named Jacopo. His mother's name was Madonna Nofria (Bacci). The name he was given at his baptism was Mariano Daniello. He once interviewed the Florentine architect Filippo Brunelleschi and recorded it in one of his folios. Brunelleschi advised Taccola not to explain his inventions to others who did not understand machines. He said: "Therefore the gifts given to us by God must not be relinquished to those who speak ill of them and who are moved by envy or ignorance.  To disclose too much of one's inventions and achievements is one and the same thing as to give up the fruit of one's ingenuity... the ignorant and inexperienced understand nothing, not even when things are explained to them; their ignorance moves them promptly to anger; they remain in their ignorance because they want to show themselves learned, which they are not"

Facsimile editions 
 J.H. Beck, ed., 1969, Mariano di Jacopo detto il Taccola, Liber tertius de ingeneis ac edifitiis non usitatis, (Milan: Edizioni il Polifilo), 156 pp., 96 pls.
(This edition reproduces Books III and IV of de Ingeneis)
 Frank D. Prager and Gustina Scaglia, eds., 1971, Mariano Taccola and His Book "De ingeneis" (Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press), 230 pp., 129 pls.
(This edition also reproduces Books III and IV of de Ingeneis)
Gustina Scaglia, ed.,1971,  Mariano Taccola, De machinis: The Engineering Treatise of 1449, 2 vols. (Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag), 181 and 210 pp., 200 pls.

Further reading 
 Donald Routledge Hill, 1996, A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times Routledge
 Lawrence Fane, 2003, "The Invented World of Mariano Taccola", Leonardo, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 135–143
 Scott Christianson, 2012, 100 diagrams that changed the world. A Plume Book/Penguin: New York, N.Y., p. 71

Notes

References

Other websites 

 Institute and Museum of the History of Science – Online-Exposition about Taccola's drawings
 New York Public Library Digital Collection; Mariano Taccola
 The Archimededes Project; Database Machine Drawings Author:	mariano (taccola)

1380s births
1450s deaths
Italian engineers
Italian artists
People from Siena
Oles Buzina (; 13 July 1969 – 16 April 2015) was a Ukrainian journalist, writer, and politician for the pro-Russia Russian Bloc party. He was a journalist for the Russian language tabloid newspaper Segodnya.

Buzina was born in Kyiv. In 1992, he graduated from Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. He was married and had a daughter.

Buzina was shot and killed by masked men on 16 April 2015 in Kyiv, aged 45.

References

1969 births
2015 deaths
Ukrainian journalists
Murders by firearm
Politicians from Kiev
Writers from Kiev
Television presenters
Alexander Nadson (; 8 August 1926 – 15 April 2015) was a Belarusian émigré social and religious leader. He was the Apostolic Visitor for Belarusian Greek Catholic faithfuls abroad from 1986 until his death. He became a priest in 1958 and worked in the United Kingdom for most of his life.

Nadson was born in the town of Haradzeya, Nesvizh Raion of the Minsk Oblast.

Nadson died on 15 April 2015 in London, aged 88.

References

1926 births
2015 deaths
Belarusian people
British Christians
British historians
British priests
Christian ministers
Eastern Catholics
Military personnel of World War II
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Polish military people
Juan Carlos Cáceres (4 September 1936 – 5 April 2015) was an Argentine jazz and tango musician, singer-songwriter, and painter. He began his career in 1977 and created "Tango negro". For most of his career, he worked and lived in France. He released 12 albums between 1993 and 2011.

Cáceres was born in Buenos Aires. He died from cancer on 5 April 2015 in Perigny, near Paris, aged 78.

References

1936 births
2015 deaths
Argentine painters
Argentine singer-songwriters
Argentine pianists
Cancer deaths in France
People from Buenos Aires
Kayahan Açar (29 March 1949 – 3 April 2015), better known by his stage name Kayahan,  was a Turkish pop music singer-songwriter. His career lasted forty years. He composed all of his own material and released more than eight best-selling albums.

Kayahan was born in İzmir. He was married three times and had two daughters.

Kayahan died from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome due to lung cancer on 3 April 2015 at a hospital in Istanbul. He was 66.

References

Other websites

 

1949 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Disease-related deaths in Turkey
People from İzmir
Pop singers
Singer-songwriters
Turkish singers
Lonnie Alexander "Lon" Simmons (July 19, 1923 – April 5, 2015) was an American baseball and football broadcaster. He worked for the San Francisco Giants baseball team and the San Francisco 49ers football team. He also played for three minor league baseball teams after World War II.

Simmons was born in Vancouver, Washington and grew up in Burbank, California. At the time of his death, he was living in San Francisco. He had four daughters.

Simmons died on April 5, 2015 in Daly City, California, aged 91.

References

1923 births
2015 deaths
American radio personalities
American television presenters
Baseball players from California
People from Burbank, California
Sportspeople from Washington
John Leslie Toohey  (4 March 1930 – 9 April 2015) was an Australian judge. He served as the Justice of the High Court of Australia from 6 February 1987 to 2 February 1998.

Toohey was born in rural Western Australia. He died on 9 April 2015, aged 85.

References

1930 births
2015 deaths
Australian judges
Australian lawyers
Politicians from Western Australia
Orma Slack (née Snider; February 19, 1903 – April 13, 2015) was a Canadian supercentenarian. She died at the age of 112 years, 53 days. She was the oldest living person in Canada since the death of Colombe Benoît-Leclerc on 14 January 2015.

Slack was born in Bracebridge, Ontario. Her husband, William George Slack, died in 1988. They had two children, Rosemary (–1991) and Ted ().

Slack died on April 13, 2015 in Belleville, Ontario, aged 112 years and 53 days.

References

1903 births
2015 deaths
Canadian centenarians
People from Ontario
Supercentenarians
Perth Amboy is a city in eastern New Jersey. It is part of the New York City metropolitan area. At the 2010 census, 50,814 people lived in the city.

Perth Amboy was chartered in 1718. The city was incorporated on December 21, 1784.

Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Perth Amboy include:
 Solomon Andrews (1806–1872), creator of the first successful dirigible airship; served three terms as mayor of Perth Amboy.
 Jon Bon Jovi (born 1962), singer was born in Perth Amboy.
 Alan Cheuse (1940-2015), writer.
 Stanley Norman Cohen (born 1935), credited with the co-creation of the first genetically modified organism and the process of recombinant DNA technology.
 William Dunlap (1766–1839), theater pioneer.
 William Franklin (1730-1813), last governor of Province of New Jersey
 Angelina Grimké (1805–1879) and Sarah Grimké (1792–1873), abolitionists.
 Vida Guerra (born 1974), model, was born in Cuba but was raised in Perth Amboy.
 George Inness (1825–1894), landscape painter.
 Augustus Johnston (1729-1790), Rhode Island Attorney General, Tory sympathizer.
 Lawrence Kearny (1789-1868) the "Sailor Diplomat", who paved the way for an open-door policy with China.
 Edward L. Kemeys (1843-1907), sculptor in residence at Eagleswood Mansion.
 Morgan Foster Larson (1882-1961), Governor of New Jersey from 1929 to 1932.
 Miilkbone (Thomas Wlodarczyk), rapper.
 Walter Mitty, fictional character from the 1947 film The Secret Life of Walter Mitty.
 Steve Mizerak (1944–2006), champion pool player.
 Joseph Montani (PAHS, 1970), astronomer and planetary scientist who named the minor planet "12465 Perth Amboy" after his hometown.
 John A. Nagy (born 1946), author of books about espionage and mutinies of the American Revolution.
 George Otlowski (1912–2009), politician who was mayor of the city from 1976 to 1990.
 Thomas Mundy Peterson (1824–1904), first African-American to vote under the provisions of the 15th Amendment to the U.S. constitution in 1870.
 Joseph J. Sadowski (1917–1944), United States Army soldier awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions in World War II.
 Richie Sambora (born 1959), guitarist for Bon Jovi was born here.
 Marcus Spring (1810-1874), founder of Raritan Bay Union and Eagleswood Military Academy.
 John Stevens, (1749-1838), engineer who developed the multitubular boiler engine and the screw propeller.
 Gina Stritch, author.
 Bruce Taylor (born 1948), former NFL player.
 Harry Tierney (1890–1965), composer.
 Michelle Visage (born 1968), singer, deejay.
 John Watson (1685–1768), one of the first painters in America and holder of the first gallery of paintings in the country.
 Ruth White (1914–1969), actress.
 David T. Wilentz (1894–1988), N.J. Attorney General from 1934 to 1944 who prosecuted Bruno Hauptmann in the Lindbergh kidnapping trial.

References

Other websitess

 
1683 establishments in New Jersey
Cities in New Jersey
"Monkey Wrench" is the first single from Foo Fighters second album The Colour and the Shape. The song is about the ending of Dave Grohl's four year marriage to Jennifer Youngblood.

The song peaked at #9 on the Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The song was released on 28 April 1997 in the United States.

References

Rock songs
1997 songs
"Everlong" is the second single from Foo Fighters second album The Colour and the Shape. The song lyrics are about falling in love with a new woman. 

The song was released in the United States on 18 August 1997.

References

Rock songs
1997 songs
James Wan (born 26 February 1977) is an Australian movie producer, screenwriter and movie director. He is best known for directing the horror movie Saw (2004) and creating Billy the Puppet. He also directed the movies Dead Silence (2007), Death Sentence (2007), Insidious (2010), The Conjuring (2013), Insidious: Chapter 2 (2013), Furious 7 (2015), The Conjuring 2 (2016) and Aquaman (2019).

Wan and Leigh Whannell served as executive producers for the Saw franchise with the movies Saw II, Saw III, Saw IV, Saw V, Saw VI, Saw 3D: The Final Chapter, Annabelle: Creation and Jigsaw.  He was also a producer for the horror movie The Curse of La Llorona (2019).

Wan was born in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. He is of Chinese ancestry. When he was seven, Wan moved with his family to Perth, Western Australia. He later lived in Melbourne, Victoria. He married Romanian-born actress Ingrid Bisu in 2019.

References

Other websites

 

1977 births
Living people
Australian movie directors
Australian movie producers
Australian screenwriters
People from Melbourne
People from Perth, Western Australia
Saw (franchise)
Writers from Victoria (Australia)
Alien 3 (stylized as ALIEN3) is an American science fiction-horror movie. It was released on 22 May 1992. It was the debut feature movie of director David Fincher. Alien 3 movie stars Sigourney Weaver, Charles Dance, Charles S. Dutton and Lance Henriksen. It is a sequel to Alien (1979) and Aliens (1986). Alien 3 was by followed by Alien: Resurrection (1997).

Plot 
The movie continues the plot of the 1986 movie Aliens. Heading back to Earth a spacecraft has flight difficulties. It crash lands on a planet called Fiorina 161. The crash kills everyone aboard except Lieutenant Ellen Ripley (Sigourney Weaver). Fiorina 161 is a planet where the temperature averages forty degrees below zero. It was a maximum security prison colony. A group of ex-prisoners chose to remain on the planet. They belong to a sect identified as "an apocalyptic millennarian fundamentalist Christian sect." The first thing Ripley has to do is shave her head because of the lice there. She is threatened by being the only female on the planet. While waiting for a rescue ship it is discovered that one of the aliens Ripley and the others were fighting before has found its way to Fiorina 161. A pet dog is the first victim. Then ex-prisoners begin disappearing. They have no weapons to fight the alien monster, only fire. Then Ripley learns she has a little alien inside her. Worse, it's a queen capable of producing thousands of eggs. Ripley thinks it happened while she was asleep in her pod. The creature, called a Xenomorph, refuses to kill Ripley because of the embryo inside her.

Cast 
 Sigourney Weaver: Ripley
 Charles S. Dutton: Dillon
 Charles Dance: Clemens
 Paul McGann: Golic
 Brian Glover: Andrews
 Ralph Brown: Aaron
 Danny Webb: Morse
 Lance Henriksen: Bishop
 Chris Fairbank: Murphy
 Pete Postlethwaite: David
 Danielle Edmond: Newt

Release Dates

Production 
The movie had a difficult production, with various screenwriters and directors getting involved in the project. Shooting began without a finished script. The movie was the big-budget debut for the young David Fincher. He was brought into the project after a proposed version with Vincent Ward at the helm was cancelled well into pre-production. Fincher had little time to prepare. The experience of making the movie proved agonizing for him.

References

Other websites 
 Alien 3 at the Internet Movie Database

1992 horror movies
1990s science fiction horror movies
American monster movies
20th Century Fox movies
Alien movies
English-language movies
Sequel movies
An adjustable wrench (US) or adjustable spanner (UK) is a wrench with a "jaw" of adjustable width. It can be used with different sizes of fastener head (nut or bolt). This type of tool may have other names in other parts of the world. 

Several people are claimed as its inventor. Edwin Beard Budding (1796–1846), an engineer from Stroud, England, is one. On 22 September 1885 Enoch Harris received US patent 326868 for his spanner that permitted both the jaw width and the angle of the handles to be adjusted and locked. Some countries refer to it as a "Swedish key" after Swedish inventor Johan Petter Johansson. In 1891 he got a patent for an improved adjustable spanner which is still used today. Johansson improved the 1842 invention of another English engineer Richard Clyburn.

Monkey wrenches 
 
A monkey wrench is a heavyweight wrench in which the jaw width was set by a spinning ring fixed under the sliding lower jaw. In 1840, Worcester, Massachusetts knife manufacturer Loring Coes invented it. It was based on the wrench used on English 18th century coach wheels. Coe patented it in 1841 and the tools were advertised and sold in the United States as "monkey wrenches".

Related pages 
Wrench

References 

Tools
Southern Sotho (Sesotho in Southern Sotho) is an African language mainly spoken by people living in Lesotho and the Free State Province of South Africa. 

Southern Sotho is one of the two official languages of Lesotho and one of the eleven official languages of South Africa. It is spoken by almost 6,024,000 people, or 7% of South Africans at home (2011 census). Southern Sotho is part of the Sotho language family.

References

Bantu languages
Languages of Africa
South Africa
A bolt is a form of grooved fastener with an external helical male thread that engages the interior female thread of a nut. Bolts are closely related to, and often confused with, screws.

A screw is different from a bolt, because it does not take a nut, and its helical thread is used to penetrate (cut into) a softer material (such as wood).

This distinction is not always clear, and sometimes screws are regarded as bolts without a nut.

Related pages 
Wrench
Screw

References 

Hardware (mechanical)
A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used with a mating bolt to fasten  parts together. Thus "nut and bolt" or "nuts and bolts" are term which recognise their pairing.

Like bolt heads, their shape is usually hexagonal, because this is best for gripping with tools. Nuts are graded with strength ratings like their respective bolts. For example, an ISO property class 10 nut can support the bolt proof strength load of an ISO property class 10.9 bolt without stripping its thread (the inside spiral groove).

Hardware (mechanical)
The corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) is a North American species of rat snake that kills small prey by constriction. 

Corn snakes are found throughout the southeastern and central United States. They are often kept as pets. They reach a moderate size of . In the wild, they usually live around 6–8 years, but in captivity can live to be up to 23 years old or longer. 

Corn snakes look similar to  the venomous copperhead snake and are often killed because of this similarity.  Corn snakes are harmless and beneficial to humans. They are one of the most common snakes kept as pets, alongside the garter snake and ball python. Corn snakes lack venom and help control populations of wild rodent pests that damage crops and spread disease. They can be distinguished from copperheads  by their brighter colors, slender build and lack of heat-sensing pits.

Although the corn snake is distinguished by its bright red orange colored scales, possible mutations can occur completely rejecting these pigments, changing its appearance. The two-color mutations that are known to occur is albinism and anerythrism. Snakes that are homozygous for albinism lack the black pigment, and the ones that are homozygous for anerythrism lack the red pigment.

The corn snake is named for the species' regular presence near grain stores, where it preys on mice and rats that eat harvested corn. The Oxford English Dictionary cites this usage as far back as 1675. Some sources maintain that the corn snake is so-named because the distinctive, nearly-checkered pattern of the snake's belly scales resembles the kernels of variegated corn. Regardless of the name's origin, the corn reference can be a useful mnemonic for identifying them. Their diet in the wild mainly consists of rodents, small amphibians, birds and/or their eggs, other types of eggs, and so on. They're not known for eating insects, though. In captivity they're usually fed a steady diet of pinky mice and other types of creatures such as the ones above.

Images

References
6. Bechtel, H. (1989, July 01). Color Mutations in the Corn Snake (Elaphe guttata guttata): Review and Additional Breeding Data. Retrieved April 08, 2019, Journal of Heredity, Volume 80, Issue 4, July 1989, Pages 272–276,
Colubrids
The South Magnetic Pole is the point on the southern hemisphere where the magnetic lines are directly pointing upward. In other words, if there were a magnet inside the earth axis (from north to south), the South Magnetic pole would be at its southern end. Because the magnetic field of the Earth changes, the exact location of ths pole does as well., placing it off the coast of Antarctica, between Adelie Land and Wilkes Land. In 2015 it lies at  (est). That point lies outside the Antarctic Circle. Due to polar drift, the pole is moving northwest by about 10 to 15 kilometers per year. Its current distance from the actual Geographic South Pole is approximately 2860 km. The nearest permanent science station is Dumont d'Urville Station. Wilkes Land contains a large gravitational mass concentration.

References

Geography
The 1915 Football Paranaense Championship (in Portuguese: Campeonato Paranaense de Futebol de 1915)  was the first championship edition of the Brazilian state of Paraná and southern Brazil.

The winner this year was the International Football Club. It was a football club of Curitiba, extinct since 1924.

Games
May 23 - International 2-0 America
 May 30 - Coritiba 1-1 Rio Branco
 June 6 - Paraná 5-0 Paranaguá
 June 13 - America 5-1 Rio Branco
 June 20 - Coritiba 1-1 Paraná
 June 27 - International 8-1 Paranaguá
 July 5th - Coritiba 3-1 America
 July 12 - International 2-0 Paraná
 July 13 - Internacional 2-0 Coritiba
 July 25 - America W-O Paranaguá (Walkover)
 July 25 - Paraná 9-0 Rio Branco
 August 1 - Rio Branco 3-1 Paranaguá
 August 3 - International W-O Rio Branco (Walkover)
 August 10 - Paraná 2-0 America
 August 17 - Coritiba 2-0 Paranaguá

Return 
 August 24 - America 1-0 International
 August 31 - Rio Branco 0-3 Coritiba
 September 7 - Paranaguá 0-6 Paraná
 September 7 - Rio Branco 3-3 America
 September 14 - Paraná 1-0 Coritiba
 September 21 - Paranaguá 3-7 Internacional
 September 28 - America W-O Coritiba ✱ (Walkover)
 October 5th - Paraná 1-2 Internacional
 October 12 - Paranaguá 3-0 Rio Branco
 October 13 - Coritiba 1-3 International
 October 19th -Rio Branco O-W Paraná (Walkover)
 October 26 - Paranaguá O-W America (Walkover)
 November 17th - Rio Branco O-W International (Walkover)
 November 2 - America 0-2 Paraná
 November 7 - Paranaguá 3-3 Coritiba

Champion
International Foot-Ball Club

References

Other websites
Federação Paranaense de Futebol 1915 championship 

1915
Football in Brazil
Football leagues
1910s in South America
20th century in Brazil
Jaroslav Holík (; August 3, 1942 – April 17, 2015) was a Czech professional ice hockey coach and former player.

Holik played in the Czechoslovak Extraliga for Dukla Jihlava. He won a bronze medal at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo. He was also successful at the Ice Hockey World Championships, winning gold at the 1972 World Ice Hockey Championships in Prague, silver at the 1965 World Ice Hockey Championships in Tampere and 1966 World Ice Hockey Championships in Ljubljana, and bronze at the 1969 World Ice Hockey Championships, 1970 World Ice Hockey Championships, both in Stockholm, and 1973 World Ice Hockey Championships in Moscow.

References

Other websites
 Jaroslav Holík – biography 

1942 births
2015 deaths
Czech ice hockey players
Czechoslovak ice hockey players
Ice hockey coaches
Olympic bronze medalists
Ice hockey centres
José Mariano Rebelo Pires Gago  (16 May 1948 – 17 April 2015) was a Portuguese electrical engineer and politician for the Socialist Party. He served as the Minister for Science and Technology from 28 October 1995 to 6 April 2002. He also served as the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education from 21 March 2005 to 21 June 2011.

Gago was born in Lisbon. He studied at universities in Lisbon and Paris. He was married and had a daughter.

Gago died a sudden cardiac death on 17 April 2015 in Lisbon. He was 66.

References

1948 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Engineers
People from Lisbon
Portuguese scientists
Portuguese politicians
An urban heat island, or UHI, is what happens when a city is warmer than the area around it. It happens because things in cities like concrete take longer to give off heat than things like trees, which are common outside of cities. The urban heat island effect is stronger at night and when there is not much wind. Cities can be 3°C warmer than nearby countryside. 

In country areas, a large part of the incoming solar energy goes to evaporate water from vegetation and soil. But cities have less vegetation and soil. In cities, most of the sun’s energy is absorbed by urban building and asphalt paving. During warm daylight hours, there is less evaporative cooling in cities than in country areas. So, surface temperatures rise higher in cities than in country areas. 

Also, vehicles, factories, and industrial and domestic heating and cooling units give off more heat in cities. This problem is growing. This effect causes the city to become 2 to 10o F (1 to 6o C) warmer than surrounding rural areas.

Sources

Cities
Temperature
Thunderbolt and Lightfoot is a 1974 American crime comedy-drama movie. Clint Eastwood and Jeff Bridges play the title characters. This was the first movie directed by Michael Cimino. Jeff Bridges was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. This was his second nomination. This movie was released on September 2, 1974. Its reviews were good.

References

Other websites
 

1970s comedy-drama movies
1970s crime drama movies
1974 comedy movies
1974 drama movies
1974 crime movies
American comedy-drama movies
American criminal comedy movies
American crime drama movies
Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri ( ‘Izzat Ibrāhīm ad-Dūrī; 1 July 1942 – 26 October 2020) was an Iraqi general and a commander of the Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order. He was an Iraqi military commander and was vice chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council until the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. He was second in command of Iraq after Saddam's sons.

Between 1979 to 2003, he was the Vice President of Iraq during the Saddam Hussein regime. 

Douri was born in Ad-Dawr, Saladin Province. He was a Sufi Muslim.

Douri was apparently killed in a car bombing on 17 April 2015 in Tikrit, aged 72 but DNA tests failed to confirm his death. A year later, he appeared in a video sent to the press. 

Douri died on 26 October 2020 in Iraq from leukemia, aged 78.

References

Other websites

 

1942 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
Asian Sufis
Vice Presidents of Iraq
Generals
Iraqi military people
Muslims
Homo is the taxonomic genus that includes modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens).

Homo may also refer to:

 ὅμο-, Greek prefix meaning "the same", opposite of "hetero-" (Greek ἕτερο- )
 Homo, Latin for "man", "human being"
 Homos, an alternate spelling for hummus or hommus, a Levantine Arab food dip or spread made from chickpeas
 Homo-, in chemistry, a prefix in trivial names indicating a homolog, a series of compounds with the same general formula,
 HOMO, in chemistry an acronym for Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital
 Homo, a colloquial abbreviation for homogenized milk (Canadian English)
 HomO, short name of the Swedish Ombudsman against Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation
 Homo (slang) an unacceptable abbreviation for "homosexual" (adjective or noun)