Events

Up to 1900 
 509 BC  The temple of Jupiter on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September.
 81  Domitian becomes Roman Emperor.
 122  The building of Hadrian's Wall begins.
 335  Emperor Constantine I consecrates the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.
 533  Belisarius and the Roman Empire defeat Gelimer and the Vandals at the Battle of Ad Decimium near Carthage, North Africa.
 604  Pope Sabinianus is consecrated.
 1440  Gilles de Rais is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by the Bishop of Nantes.
 1501  Michelangelo begins work on his famous statue David.
 1541  John Calvin returns to Geneva after three years in exile, to re-form the Calvinist Church.
 1584  The Spanish royal palace San Lorenzo del Escorial, near Madrid, is completed.
 1598  Philip III of Spain becomes King.
 1609  Henry Hudson reaches the river that will later be named after him – the Hudson River.
 1743  England, Austria and Savoy-Sardinia sign the Treaty of Worms.
 1759  Battle of the Plains of Abraham: British defeat French near Quebec City in the Seven Years' War, known in the United States as the French and Indian War.
 1782  American Revolutionary War: French-Spanish troops launch the unsuccessful "grand assault" during the Great Siege of Gibraltar.
 1788  The United States Constitutional Convention sets the date for the country's first presidential election, and New York City becomes the temporary capital of the U.S.
 1791  King Louis XVI of France accepts the new constitution
 1813  The British fail to capture Baltimore, Maryland. Turning point in the War of 1812.
 1843  The Greek Army rebels against the autocratic rule of King Otto of Greece.
 1847  Mexican-American War: Six teenage military cadets known as Niños Héroes die defending Chapultepec Castle in the Battle of Chapultepec. American General Winfield Scott captures Mexico City in the Mexican-American War.
 1848  American Phineas Gage survives an accident in which an iron pole goes through his head. The resulting change in his behaviour becomes the subject of several scientific studies.
 1850  First successful climb of Piz Bernina, the highest summit in the Eastern portion of the Alps.
 1858  A fire on German passenger steamer Austria kills 471 people.
 1862  Union soldiers find Robert E. Lee's battle plans in a field outside Frederick, Maryland.
 1898  Hannibal Williston Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film
 1899  Henry Bliss is the first person in the United States to be killed in an automobile accident.
 1900  Filipino resistance fighters defeat a larger American column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa, during the Philippine American War.

1901  1950 
 1906  First airplane flight in Europe
 1914  During World War I, South African troops open hostilities in German SW Africa (Namibia) with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station.
 1914  World War I: Battle of Aisne begins between France and Germany.
 1922  The temperature (in the shade) at Al 'Aziziyah, Libya reaches a world record 136.4 °F (58 °C), though this measurement was doubted in 2012 and the record given back to the 57 degrees Celsius measured at Death Valley, California in 1913.
 1923  Military coup in Spain – Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship.
 1928  A hurricane devastates the Caribbean.
 1933  Elizabeth McCombs becomes the first woman to be elected to the New Zealand Parliament.
 1939  Canada enters World War II.
 1940  World War II: German bombs damage Buckingham Palace.
 1940  World War II: Italy invades Egypt.
 1941  Two of the worst tragedies in Norwegian shipping occur. In the Finnmark region, a passenger steamer of the Hurtigruten line is sunk by a British U-boat, killing 99. On the same night, at Vestfjord, a passenger ship is sunk by a British torpedo, killing 112.
 1943  Chiang Kai-shek elected president of the Republic of China.
 1948  Margaret Chase Smith is elected senator, and becomes the first woman to serve in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate.
 1950  West Germany holds its first census, establishing a population of 47.3 million.

1951  2000 
 1953  Nikita Khrushchev is appointed secretary-general of the Soviet Union.
 1956  The dyke around the Dutch polder East Flevoland is closed.
 1959  The Soviet Lunik 2 space probe lands on the moon.
 1965  Baseball: Willie Mays becomes the fifth member of the 500 home run club with a home run at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas.
 1968  Albania leaves the Warsaw Pact.
 1970  First running of the New York City Marathon.
 1971  State police and National Guardsmen storm New York's Attica Prison to end a prison revolt. 42 people die in the assault.
 1971  Frank Robinson becomes the 11th member of the 500 home run club with a home run at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland.
 1979  South Africa grants independence to the "homeland" of Venda (not recognized outside South Africa).
 1985  The Super Mario Bros. video game is released by Nintendo in Japan.
 1987  Goiânia accident: A radioactive object is stolen from an abandoned hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, contaminating many people in the following weeks and leading some to die from radiation poisoning.
 1988  Hurricane Gilbert is the strongest recorded hurricane in the Western Hemisphere (based on barometric pressure).
 1989  Largest anti-Apartheid march is held in South Africa, led by Desmond Tutu.
 1991  A concrete beam weighing 55 tons falls in the Olympic Stadium, Montreal, Canada.
 1993  Public unveiling of the Oslo Accords, an Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement initiated by Norway.
 1994  Ulysses probe passes the Sun's south pole.
 1996  After surviving for six days, U.S. rapper/actor Tupac Shakur dies after being shot four times in a drive by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada.
 1999  A bomb explodes in Moscow, Russia. At least 119 people are killed.

From 2001 
 2001  Civilian airplane traffic in the U.S., which had been grounded following the September 11, 2001 attacks, is allowed to resume.
 2004  The anime InuYasha finishes its run in Japan with episode 167.
 2005  The Israelis abandon the Gaza Strip.
 2005  Major Japanese Pop group Do As Infinity announces that it's disbanding.
 2007  The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is adopted by the United Nations General Assembly.
 2008  Delhi, India is hit by a series of bomb blasts, killing 30.
 2008  Hurricane Ike hits Texas.
 2012  2012 U.S. diplomatic missions attacks: Protests spread to US diplomatic missions in Yemen, Morocco, Sudan and Yemen, as well as the Swiss Embassy in Tehran, which handles US interests in Iran.

Births

Up to 1850 
 64  Julia Flavia, daughter of Roman Emperor Titus (d. 91)
 678  K'inich Ahkal Mo' Naab' III, Mayan ruler (d. 730)
 1087  John II Komnene, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1143)
 1475  Cesare Borgia, Italian aristocrat and ruler (d. 1507)
 1502  John Leland, English antiquarian (d. 1552)
 1521  William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English statesman (d. 1598)
 1594  Francesco Manelli, Italian composer (d. 1667)
 1601  Jan Brueghel the Younger, Flemish painter (d. 1678)
 1630  Olaus Rudbeck, Swedish polymath (d. 1702)
 1694  Yeongjo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1776)
 1755  Oliver Evans, American inventor (d. 1819)
 1766  Samuel Wilson, likely namesake of Uncle Sam (d. 1854)
 1775  Laura Secord, Canadian war heroine (d. 1868)
 1802  Arnold Ruge, German philosopher and political writer (d. 1880)
 1813  Jozsef Eotvos, Hungarian writer and statesman (d. 1871)
 1813  John Sedgwick, American general (d. 1864)
 1818  Gustave Aimard, French writer (d. 1893)
 1819  Clara Schumann, German pianist and composer (d. 1896)
 1830  Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, Austrian writer (d. 1916)
 1842  John H. Bankhead, American politician (d. 1920)
 1842  Jan Puczyna de Kosielsno, Polish cardinal (d. 1911)

1851  1900 
 1851  Walter Reed, American bacteriologist (d. 1902)
 1853  Hans Christian Gram, Danish bacteriologist (d. 1938)
 1856  Sergei Winogradsky, Russian microbiologist (d. 1953)
 1857  Milton S. Hershey, American confectioner (d. 1945)
 1860  John J. Pershing, American general (d. 1948)
 1863  Arthur Henderson, British politician (d. 1935)
 1865  William Birdwood, British general (d. 1951)
 1872  Kijuro Shidehara, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1951)
 1873  Constantin Caratheodory, Greek mathematician (d. 1950)
 1874  Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-born composer (d. 1951)
 1874  Henry F. Ashurst, American politician (d. 1962)
 1876  Sherwood Anderson, American writer (d. 1941)
 1877  Wilhelm Filchner, German explorer (d. 1957)
 1877  Stanley Lord, English captain (d. 1962)
 1880  Jesse L. Lasky, American movie producer (d. 1958)
 1882  Ramon Grau, 6th President of Cuba (d. 1969)
 1883  Giovanni Pastrone, Italian filmmaker (d. 1959)
 1884  Petros Voulgaris, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1957)
 1885  Wilhelm Blaschke, Austrian mathematician and author (d. 1962)
 1885  Alain LeRoy Locke, American writer, philosopher and educator (d. 1954)
 1886  Robert Robinson, British chemist (d. 1975)
 1886  Amelie Beese, German pilot (d. 1925)
 1887  Lavoslav Ruzicka, Croatian chemist (d. 1976)
 1887  Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., American politician (d. 1944)
 1890  Antony Noghès, French businessman (d. 1978)
 1891  Max Pruss, German airship commander (d. 1960)
 1892  Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia (d. 1980)
 1893  Larry Shields, American clarinetist (d. 1953)
 1894  J. B. Priestley, British playwright and novelist (d. 1984)
 1894  Julian Tuwim, Polish poet (d. 1953)
 1895  Morris Kirksey, American athlete (d. 1981)
 1899  Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian, leader of the Iron Guard (d. 1938)

1901  1950 
 1901  James McCoubrey, Canadian-American supercentenarian (d. 2013)
 1903  Claudette Colbert, French-born actress (d. 1996)
 1904  Luigi Bertolini, Italian footballer (d. 1977)
 1908  Carlos Peucelle, Argentine footballer (d. 1990)
 1908  Mae Questel, American actress (d. 1998)
 1908  Sicco Mansholt, Dutch politician, 4th President of the European Commission (d. 1995)
 1909  Frits Thors, Dutch newscaster (d. 2014)
 1909  James A. Rhodes, Governor of Ohio (d. 2001)
 1911  Bill Monroe, American Country musician (d. 1996)
 1912  Horace W. Babcock, American astronomer (d. 2003)
 1913  Tadao Horie, Japanese footballer (d. 2003)
 1914  Leonard Feather, British-born jazz pianist, composer and producer (d. 1994)
 1916  Roald Dahl, British writer (d. 1990)
 1918  Ray Charles, American musician (d. 2015)
 1918  Dick Haymes, American singer and actor (d. 1980)
 1918  Rosemary Kennedy, sister of John F. Kennedy (d. 2005)
 1919  Olle Anderberg, Swedish wrestler (d. 2003)
 1919  Mary Midgley, English philosopher and author (d. 2018)
 1923  Zoya Ksmodenskaya, Soviet-Russian partisan (d. 1941)
 1924  Maurice Jarre, French composer (d. 2009)
 1924  Norman Alden, American actor (d. 2012)
 1925  Frank Cashen, American Major League Baseball general manager (d. 2014)
 1926  Emile Francis, Canadian ice hockey player
 1927  Tzannis Tzannetakis, former Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2010)
 1928  Robert Indiana, American painter (d. 2018)
 1929  Nicolai Ghiaurov, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 2004)
 1931  Marjorie Jackson-Nelson, 33rd Governor of South Australia
 1931  Barbara Bain, American actress
 1936  Stefano Delle Chiaie, Italian activist (d. 2019)
 1938  John Smith, British politician (d. 1994)
 1939  Arleen Auger, American soprano (d. 1993)
 1939  Richard Kiel, American actor (d. 2014)
 1939  Larry Speakes, American journalist (d. 2014)
 1939  Guntis Ulmanis, former President of Latvia
 1939  Bill Janklow, former Governor of South Dakota (d. 2012)
 1939  Joel-Peter Witkin, American photographer
 1940  Oscar Arias, former President of Costa Rica
 1941  Ahmet Necdet Sezer, 10th President of Turkey
 1941  Ed Roberts, American inventor (d. 2010)
 1941  David Clayton-Thomas, Canadian singer
 1941  Tadao Ando, Japanese architect
 1942  Hissène Habré, 7th President of Chad
 1944  Jacqueline Bisset, British actress
 1944  Peter Cetera, American musician
 1945  Gertrude Mongella, Tanzanian politician
 1946  Frank Marshall, American movie producer, director and actor
 1948  Sitiveni Rabuka, 3rd Prime Minister of Fiji
 1949  Dennis Pendrith, Canadian bass player
 1949  John W. Henry, American businessman
 1950  Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz, 8th Prime Minister of Poland

1951  1975 
 1952  Randy Jones, American musician (The Village People)
 1954  Shigeharu Ueki, Japanese footballer
 1955  Joe Morris, American musician
 1955  Colin Moynihan, British politician, Chairman of the British Olympic Association
 1956  Anne Geddes, Australian photographer
 1956  Alain Ducasse, French chef
 1957  Vinny Appice, American drummer
 1957  Cesare Bocci, Italian actor and television presenter
 1958  Bobby Davro, British comedian
 1958  Peter Wirnsberger, Austrian skier
 1960  Greg Baldwin, American actor
 1960  Hubert Schwarz, German skier and ski jumper
 1961  Dave Mustaine, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer and actor
 1962  Tone Onnepalu, Estonian writer
 1964  Tavis Smiley, American talk show host, journalist and writer
 1964  Mladen Mladenovic, Croatian footballer
 1965  Zak Starkey, British musician
 1965  Diego Aguirre, Uruguayan footballer
 1966  Maria Furtwaengler, German physician
 1967  Michael Johnson, American Olympic Games gold medalist in track and field
 1967  Jim "Ripper" Owens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
 1969  Shane Warne, Australian cricketer
 1969  Daniel Fonseca, Uruguayan footballer
 1969  Tyler Perry, American actor, director, screenwriter and producer
 1970  Louise Lombard, British actress
 1970  Martin Herrera, Argentine footballer
 1971  Goran Ivanisevic, Croatian tennis player
 1971  Stella McCartney, British fashion designer
 1973  Christine Arron, French runner
 1973  Fabio Cannavaro, Italian footballer
 1974  Travis Knight, American basketball player
 1975  Ian Carey, American DJ and music producer

From 1976 
 1977  Fiona Apple, American singer-songwriter and pianist
 1978  Peter Sunde, Swedish entrepreneur
 1979  Manuel Friedrich, German footballer
 1980  Andreas Biermann, German footballer (d. 2014)
 1980  Gilberto Ribeiro Gonçalves, Brazilian footballer
 1980  Daisuke Matsuzaka, Japanese baseball player
 1982  Miha Jupan, Slovenian basketball player
 1982  Alison Thewliss, Scottish politician
 1983  James Bourne, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
 1985  Emi Suzuki, Japanese model and actress
 1985  David Jordan, English singer-songwriter
 1986  Kamui Kobayashi, Japanese racing driver
 1987  Tzvetana Pironkova, Bulgarian tennis player
 1987  Fraizer Campbell, English footballer
 1987  Luke Fitzgerald, Irish rugby player
 1988  Keith Treacy, Irish footballer
 1989  Thomas Müller, German footballer
 1991  Ksenia Afanasyeva, Russian artistic gymnast
 1993  Niall Horan, Irish singer (One Direction)
 1993  Alice Merton, German singer
 1994  Leonor Andrade, Portuguese singer and actress
 1995  Robbie Kay, English actor

Deaths

Up to 1900 
 81  Titus, Roman Emperor (b. 39)
 1321  Dante Alighieri, Italian poet (b. 1265)
 1409  Isabella of Valois, Queen of England (b. 1389)
 1438  Duarte, King of Portugal (b. 1391)
 1506  Andrea Mantegna, Italian painter
 1557  John Cheke, English classical scholar (b. 1514)
 1592  Michel de Montaigne, French writer (b. 1533)
 1598  Philip II, King of Spain (b. 1526)
 1624  Ketevan of Kakheti, Christian martyr and Queen of Kakheti, Georgia (b. 1565)
 1632  Archduke Leopold V of Austria (b. 1586)
 1759  James Wolfe, British general (b. 1727)
 1806  Charles James Fox, British politician (b. 1749)
 1808  Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (b. 1748)
 1813  Hezqeyas of Ethiopia, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia
 1872  Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher (b. 1804)
 1881  Ambrose Burnside, US General (b. 1824)

1901  2000 
 1905  René Goblet, 52nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1828)
 1910  Rajanikanta Sen, Bengali poet and musician (b. 1865)
 1912  Joseph Furphy, Australian writer (b. 1843)
 1915  Andrew L. Harris, 44th Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
 1928  Italo Svevo, Italian writer (b. 1861)
 1929  Jatindra Nath Das, Indian activist (b. 1904)
 1931  Lili Elbe, Danish model and painter (b. 1882)
 1937  David Robertson, Scottish golfer and rugby player (b. 1869)
 1941  Elias Disney, Canadian father of Walt Disney (b. 1859)
 1944  W. Heath Robertson, English cartoonist (b. 1872)
 1944  Noor Inayat Khan, Indian-British agent (b. 1914)
 1946  William Watt, Australian politician, 24th Premier of Victoria (b. 1871)
 1946  Eugene Lanceray, Russian painter, sculptor and illustrator (b. 1875)
 1946  Amon Goeth, Austrian war criminal (b. 1908)
 1949  August Krogh, Danish zoologist, won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1874)
 1960  Leo Weiner, Hungarian composer and music educator (b. 1885)
 1967  Robert George, 24th Governor of South Australia (b. 1896)
 1971  Lin Biao, Chinese political leader (b. 1907)
 1973  Betty Field, American actress (b. 1913)
 1976  Armand Mondou, French-Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1905)
 1977  Leopold Stokowski, British conductor (b. 1882)
 1987  Mervyn LeRoy, American movie director (b. 1900)
 1991  Metin Oktay, Turkish footballer (b. 1936)
 1991  Robert Irving, British conductor (b. 1913)
 1991  Joe Pasternak, American director (b. 1901)
 1996  Tupac Shakur, aka 2Pac, American rapper and actor (b. 1971)
 1998  George Wallace, American politician (b. 1919)
 1999  Benjamin Bloom, American educational theorist (b. 1913)

From 2001 
 2001  Dorothy McGuire, American actress (b. 1916)
 2002  George Stanley, Canadian soldier, historian and author (b. 1907)
 2003  Frank O'Bannon, Governor of Indiana (b. 1930)
 2004  Luis E. Miramontes, Mexican chemist (b. 1925)
 2005  Julio César Turbay Ayala, 33rd President of Colombia (b. 1916)
 2006  Ann Richards, American politician, Governor of Texas (b. 1933)
 2008  Peter Camejo, American politician (b. 1939)
 2011  Richard Hamilton, British painter and collage artist (b. 1922)
 2011  Walter Bonatti, Italian mountaineer (b. 1930)
 2012  Peter Lougheed, Canadian politician, lawyer, and footballer, 10th Premier of Alberta (b. 1928)
 2012  Otto Stich, Swiss politician (b. 1927)
 2013  Salustiano Sanchez, Spanish-American supercentenarian (b. 1901)
 2014  David Cawthorne Haines, Scottish aid worker (b. 1970)
 2014  Benjamin Adekunle, Nigerian general (b. 1936)
 2014  Frank Torre, American baseball player and manager (b. 1931)
 2015  Moses Malone, American basketball player (b. 1955)
 2017  Pete Domenici, American politician (b. 1932)
 2017  Per Fugelli, Norwegian physician (b. 1943)
 2017  Slavko Goldstein, Croatian Jewish writer, Holocaust survivor, publisher and politician (b. 1928)
 2017  Grant Hart, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1961)
 2017  Frank Vincent, American actor (b. 1937)
 2017  Basil Gogos, Egyptian-born American magazine cover painter (b. 1929)
 2017  Kazimierz Ryczan, Polish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1939)
 2018  Guido Ceronetti, Italian journalist and poet (b. 1927)
 2018  Marin Mazzie, American actress (b. 1960)
 2018  Albrecht Wellmer, German philosopher (b. 1933)
 2018  John Wilcock, British journalist (b. 1927)
 2018  Martha Vaughan, American biochemist and physiologist (b. 1926)
 2019  Asadollah Asgaroladi, Iranian businessman (b. 1934)
 2019  Alex Grammas, American baseball player (b. 1926)
 2019  Bruno Grandi, Italian sports executive (b. 1934)
 2019  Rudi Gutendorf, German footballer and coach (b. 1926)
 2019  Ghulam Shah Jeelani, Pakistani politician (b. 1957)
 2019  György Konrád, Hungarian novelist (b. 1933)
 2019  Eddie Money, American singer-songwriter (b. 1949)

Observances 
 International Chocolate Day
 Roald Dahl Day (UK, Africa, Latin America)

Days of the year