cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Amélie Nothomb (born Fabienne-Claire on 9 July 1966) is a Belgian writer who writes in French.

Amélie Nothomb was born in Etterbeek, Belgium to Belgian diplomats. She lived  in Japan, then  in China, New York, Bangladesh, Burma, Coventry and Laos.

Nothomb's first novel, Hygiène de l'assassin, was published in 1992.  Since then, she has published about one novel per year, including Les Catilinaires (1995), Fear and Trembling (1999) and Métaphysique des tubes (2000, published in English as The Character of Rain).  She has been awarded many prizes, including the 1999 Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française, the Prix René-Fallet, and the 1993 Prix Alain-Fournier.

Books 

Unless otherwise stated, all works were originally published in French by Éditions Albin Michel.

References

1967 births
Living people
Autobiographers
Belgian novelists
People from Brussels-Capital Region
Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck, also called Comte (Count) Maeterlinck from 1932, (29 August 1862 – 6 May 1949) was a Belgian playwright, poet, and essayist.  He wrote in French. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911. The main themes in his work are death and the meaning of life. His plays are an important part of the Symbolist movement.

He finished his law studies at the University of Ghent in 1885.  He then spent a few months in Paris, France. His first play, Princess Maleine, was well received in August 1890.

He had a relationship with the singer and actress Georgette Leblanc from 1895 till 1918. On 15 February 1919 Maeterlinck married Renée Dahon.  She was actress he met during a rehearsal of The Blue Bird in 1910.

When Germany invaded Belgium in 1914, Maeterlink wished to join the French Foreign Legion.  His application was denied due to his age.

In 1919 he accepted an invitation to the United States. He worked with Samuel Goldwyn on movies but did not find success.

He was made a count by Albert I, King of the Belgians in 1932.

He returned to Nice after the war on 10 August 1947. In 1948, the French Academy awarded him the Medal for the French Language. He died in Nice on 6 May 1949 after suffering a heart attack.

References

1862 births
1949 deaths
Belgian Nobel Prize winners
Belgian poets
Belgian essayists
Belgian playwrights
Nobel Prize in Literature winners
Franco-Belgian comics are comics that are made for Belgian and French readers. These countries have a long tradition in comics and comic books.  There they are known as BDs, an abbreviation of bandes dessinées.  This means drawn strips in French. Many other European comics, especially Italian comics, are strongly influenced by Franco-Belgian comics. In Europe, the French language is spoken not only in France but also by about 40% of the population of Belgium and about 20% of the population of Switzerland.

Notable comics
While hundreds of comic series have been made in the Franco-Belgian group, some are more notable than others. Most of those listed are aimed at younger readers:
XIII by William Vance and Jean Van Hamme
Adèle Blanc-Sec by Jacques Tardi
Asterix by René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo
Barbe Rouge by Jean-Michel Charlier, Victor Hubinon and others
Bécassine by Jacqueline Rivière and Joseph Pinchon
Blake and Mortimer by E.P. Jacobs
Blueberry by Jean-Michel Charlier and Jean Giraud
Boule and Bill by Jean Roba
Les Cités Obscures by François Schuiten and Benoît Peeters
Gaston by André Franquin
Incal by Alejandro Jodorowsky and Jean Giraud
Jerry Spring by Jijé
Jommeke by Jef Nys (originally made in Dutch)
Kiekeboe by Merho (originally made in Dutch)
Largo Winch by Philippe Francq and Jean Van Hamme
Lucky Luke by Morris and René Goscinny
Marsupilami by André Franquin
Michel Vaillant by Jean Graton
Nero by Marc Sleen (originally made in Dutch)
Rahan by Roger Lecureux
The Smurfs by Peyo
Spike and Suzy (Dutch: Suske & Wiske) by Willy Vandersteen (originally made in Dutch)
Spirou et Fantasio by André Franquin, Jijé and others
Tanguy et Laverdure by Jean-Michel Charlier, Jijé and others
Thorgal by Grzegorz Rosiński and Jean Van Hamme
The Adventures of Tintin by Hergé
Titeuf by Zep
Les Tuniques Bleues by Willy Lambil and Raoul Cauvin
Valérian and Laureline by Jean-Claude Mézières and Pierre Christin

Comics
Belgian culture
French literature
André, Baron Delvaux (21 March 1926 – 4 October 2002) was a Belgian movie director.  He is widely called the founder of the Belgian national cinema. Born in Heverlee, he died in Valencia, Spain. He received the Magritte Honorary Award at the Magritte Awards 2011.

Select Filmography
 1989 1001 films
 1988 L'Oeuvre au noir (after Marguerite Yourcenar's book). Entered into the 1988 Cannes Film Festival.
 1985 BABEL OPERA, ou la répétition de Don Juan de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
 1983 Benvenuta (with Vittorio Gassman, Fanny Ardant, Françoise Fabian and Mathieu Carrière) (after Suzanne Lilar's book La Confession Anonyme)
 1980 To Woody Allen, from Europe with love
 1979 Een vrouw tussen hond en wolf (Femme entre chien et loup)
 1975 Met Dieric Bouts (Avec Dieric Bouts)
 1973 Belle
 1971 Rendez-vous à Bray (after Julien Gracq's novel, Le roi Cophetua)
 1969 Interprètes
 1968 Un soir un train (with Yves Montand, Anouk Aimée, François Beukelaers) (after Johan Daisne's book De trein der traagheid)
 1966 Derrière l'écran (Achter het scherm)
 1965 De Man die zijn haar kort liet knippen (L'homme au crâne rasé) after Johan Daisne's book
 1964 Cinéma polonais
 1962 Le Temps des écoliers
 1962 Jean Rouch
 1962 Fellini
 1960 Yves boit du lait
 1959 La planète fauve
 1959 Two summer days
 1958 Cinéma, bonjour!
 1956 Nous étions treize
 1953 Forges

1926 births
2002 deaths
Belgian movie directors
Belgian movie producers
Belgian nobility
People from Flemish Brabant
Stijn, Baron Coninx (born 21 February 1957 in Neerpelt, Belgium) is a Belgian movie director.  He is best known for the movie Daens. He was made a Baron by King Albert II of Belgium. He studied movie directing at HRITCS.

Filmography

Director
 Servais (1980), his university finals movie
 Surfing (1982), short movie
 Hector (1987)
 Koko Flanel (1990)
 Daens (1992) (nominated for an Academy Award)
 When the Light Comes (Licht) (1998)
 Further Than the Moon (Verder dan de maan) (2003)
 To Walk Again (2007), documentary.
 Soeur Sourire (2009)

Assistant director
 Het Beest (1982)
 Zaman (1983) (credited as Stijn Coninckx)
 Wildschut (1985) (Stronghold in the United States)
 De Leeuw van Vlaanderen (1985)
 Skin (1987)
 Blueberry Hill (1989)

Television work
 Het Peulengaleis (1999) TV series
 Nefast voor de feestvreugde'' (2001, 2002, 2003) TV series

References
 
 Stijn Coninx  - Film information from the Belgium government site belgium.be

1957 births
Living people
Belgian movie producers
Belgian movie directors
Belgian nobility
People from Limburg (Belgium)
Marie Gillain (born 18 June 1975) is a Belgian actress.

In 1996 Gillain received the Prix Romy Schneider. She is single but has two daughters, Dune (born in 2004, from musician Martin Gamet) and Vega (born in 2009, from French-Italian actor Christopher Degli Esposti).

Brief filmography
 Mon père ce héros (1991) - Véronique aka My Father the Hero
 Un homme à la mer (TV) (1993) - Camille aka A Man at Sea
 Marie (1994) - Marie
 L'appât (1995) - Nathalie aka The Bait
 Le affinità elettive (1996) - Ottilia
 Un air si pur (1997) - Julie d'Espard aka An Air So Pure
 Le Bossu (1997) - Aurore
 La cena (1998) - Allieva aka The Dinner
 Harem Suare (1999) - Safiye
 Laissons Lucie faire! (2000) - Lucie
 Barnie et ses petites contrariétés (2001) - Margot aka Barnie's Minor Annoyances
 Absolument fabuleux (2001) - Safrane aka Absolutely Fabulous
 Laissez-passer (2002) - Olga aka Safe Conduct
 Ni pour, ni contre (bien au contraire) (2003) – Caty aka Not for or Against
 Tout le plaisir est pour moi (2004) - Louise aka The Pleasure Is All Mine
 L'enfer (2005) - Anne aka Hell
 La voix de Laura (TV) (2005) - Laura
 Black Box (2006)
 Ma vie n'est pas une comédie romantique (2007)
 Les Femmes de l'Ombre (2008)
 La très très grande entreprise (2008)
 Magique (2009)
 Coco Before Chanel (2009)
 All Our Desires (2011)

Other websites
 

1975 births
Living people
Belgian movie actors
Belgian stage actors
Belgian television actors
Belgian voice actors
People from Liège
The Alzheimer Case (also called The Alzheimer Affair or The Memory of a Killer) is a 2003 movie directed by Erik Van Looy.  It is based on the novel De Zaak Alzheimer by Jef Geeraerts.

References

Other websites

2003 drama movies
2003 action movies
Belgian movies
Movies based on books
Albert Namatjira (28 July 1902 – 8 August 1959), born Elea Namatjira, was an Indigenous Australian artist. He is one of Australia's most well-known painters. He is best known for his watercolour paintings of the Australian outback landscape. His works were not in the traditional style of Aboriginal art. But they became important to forming the style of modern indigenous art in Australia.

Namatjira was an Arrernte man from the western MacDonnell Ranges area. He was born at Hermannsburg, a Lutheran mission near Alice Springs. He was born as Elea, but once baptised, his parents changed his name to Albert. He had a western-style upbringing on the mission. When he turned 13, though, he returned to the bush for his initiation. He was made a member of the Arrernte community and was introduced to his traditional heritage. Namatjira said this is how he came to understand the kinship with his land that is seen in his works. He eventually become an elder of the Arrernte community.

His first exhibition was held in Melbourne in 1938. Exhibitions after this in Sydney and Adelaide sold out. His art became widely recognised around Australia. A portrait painting of him by William Dargie won the Archibald Prize in 1956.

References

Other websites

Albert Namatjira photograph collection at the National Library of Australia
Australian Dictionary of Biography entry
Seeing the Centre: The art of Albert Namatjira 1902-1959 , an online exhibition of the National Gallery of Australia

1902 births
1959 deaths
Australian painters
Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from the Northern Territory
Arrernte
Florida Bay is the large shallow lagoon between the southern end of the Florida mainland (the Florida Everglades) and the Florida Keys, a long series of small islands. The Bay is significant for its ecology of sea grass and the organisms that live there.

Nearly all of Florida Bay is included in Everglades National Park. The southern edge, along the Florida Keys is in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Outside the Bay is the northern part of the Keys, and outside them is the Florida Reef, the only barrier coral reef in North America.

Ecology

Flora and fauna 
The Bay has the largest known seagrass bed in the world. Sea grass beds contain many species from various phyla. Seagrass herbivory is important in the food chain, and eaten by a number of animals, some of them rare. Species that feed on sea grass include green turtles, dugongs, manatees, fish, geese, sea urchins and crabs. The mangrove swamps in the shallow areas are also quite extensive.

Carbonate production 
Florida Bay is a model for the conditions which produced limestones on many of the continental shelves of the world. It is a kind of carbonate 'factory'.p144

In the Florida Bay a type of flowering plant called sea grass is in abundance. Also in abundance is white, milky water full of calcium carbonate. This is mainly formed by Melobesia, a small red alga which lives on the sea grass.p151 Also, the organisms produce huge amounts of slime, which is a polysaccharide. There is good reason to think the slime is produced by the algae to control the way their carbonate skeletons are formed.p139 As a side-effect the slime limits the amount of carbonate which goes into solution in the water, so most of it gets deposited on the bottom.p155

Florida Bay is a flat platform which has laid down a huge amount of carbonate rock. 
"You have to drill for more than 3000 feet before you reach a different rock type, and that is of Cretaceous age—some 70 million years ago".p158

Waterspouts 
Waterspouts are a feature of the area. There are as many as 500 waterspouts per year. They are common from June to October, but can occur at other times.

References

Other websites

Geography of Florida
Ecosystems
Bodies of water of the United States
Oodgeroo Noonuccal (   ; born Kathleen Jean Mary Ruska, formerly Kath Walker; 3 November 1920 – 16 September 1993) was an Australian poet, political activist, artist and teacher. She was best known for her poetry, and was the first Aboriginal Australian to publish a book of verse. Oodgeroo Noonuccal is a traditional Quandamooka name that she adopted for herself in 1988 (Oodgeroo refers to the paperbark tree, and Noonuccal is the name of her tribe).

Oodgeroo campaigned strongly for Aboriginal rights. She was one of the main people behind the campaign for the changes to the Australian constitution in 1967. These changes gave Aboriginal people full citizenship. She also campaigned for Prime Minister Robert Menzies and his successor Harold Holt. 

She wrote many books, beginning with We Are Going (1964), the first book to be published by an Aboriginal woman. This first book of poetry was very successful, and Oodgeroo became one of Australia's best-selling poets. Her writing contained strong political messages. Oodgeroo described her own style as "sloganistic". She wanted to show how proud she was of being an Aboriginal. She wanted her writing to make people support equality and Aboriginal rights. Oodgeroo won several literary awards, including the Mary Gilmore Medal (1970), the Jessie Litchfield Award (1975), and the Fellowship of Australian Writers' Award.

In 1972 she opened an educational centre in her hometown of Moongalba, on North Stradbroke Island. The centre taught children about nature and Aboriginal culture.

Oodgeroo was made a member of the Order of the British Empire in 1970. She returned it in 1987 to protest the Australian bicentenary celebrations and to make a political statement about social inequality in Australia.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 "Oodgeroo Noonuccal Kath Walker 1920–1993" , online exhibition by the University of Queensland
 Biographical entry at the National Foundation for Australian Women
 Listen to a recording of Oodgeroo Noonuccal reading her poem 'We Are Going' on Australian Screen Online

1920 births
1993 deaths
Indigenous Australian activists
Australian poets
Indigenous Australian people
Indigenous Australian politics
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Writers from Queensland
An online educational or e-learning service is a website which teaches and helps students improve in certain subjects such as Maths, English and Science. These are normally used by schools to let students learn from home and complete online homework. Website owners who own good online educational services may charge schools to use these websites, however, many websites such as Bitesize, run by the BBC, are open to the public.

Technology-based E-learning requires the use of the internet and other essential tools to generate educational materials, educate learners, and administer courses in an organization. E-learning is flexible when considering time, location, and health issues. It increases the effectiveness of knowledge and skills by enabling access to a massive amount of data, and enhances collaboration, and also strengthens learning-sustaining relationships.

When students encounter a difficult topic or section, their first instinct would be to ask help from the instructor. Because of this, communication methods are important for conducting online education. Typically, teachers would give students their e-mail address for any questions or clarifications. But with the many innovations of today’s online learning sites and web pages, there are other ways to communicate. Then some online course platforms have their own chat apps. Students and teachers can freely talk to each other in real-time for better communication.

The COVID-19 has resulted in schools shutting all across the world. As a result, education has changed dramatically, with the distinctive rise of e-learning.

Related pages 
Distance education

References

websites
Education
The Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake (Crotalus basiliscus), also known as the "Mexican Green Rattler" or the "Mexican West Coast Green Rattlesnake", is a type of venomous pit viper species. The scientific name comes from the Greek word for 'King', basiliskos, because of the snakes large size and dangerous venom.Currently, no subspecies are recognized.

Description
The Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake is one of the largest rattlesnake species. Ones which have the length of 150 centimetres (4.9 ft) are common, while the maximum size is reported to be 204.5 centimetres (6.71 ft).The young are mostly red but when they become adults their color changes to olive green or yellowish cream.

Habitat
This snakes are found in western Mexico, from southern Sonora to Michoacán. They live in areas which are treeless, are covered in short grass, thorny bushes and have plenty of cactus.

Feeding
Not many know what this Rattlesnake eats, but scientist found seven Mexican West Coast Rattlesnakes which had mammal hair inside them, probably belonging to rodents.

Behavior
In the lowlands, these snakes are active during the raining, summer months and some have been found crossing the roads at night. However some have been seen basking early in the morning. It has been reported that the Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake can be tamed easily in zoos.

References

Vipers
Eric Sykes CBE (4 May 1923 – 4 July 2012) was a British actor, comedian, writer and director. He was born in Oldham, Lancashire. 

Sykes worked mostly on radio and television. He and Hattie Jacques starred in Sykes and A..., Sykes and a Big, Big Show and Sykes.

References

Other websites 
 

1923 births
2012 deaths
Actors from Lancashire
British television directors
British television writers
Comedians from Lancashire
English movie actors
English television actors
Writers from Lancashire
People from Oldham, Greater Manchester
Deaf people
Andrew Russell Garfield (born August 20, 1983) is an American-English actor. He is best known for his role as Peter Parker in the 2012 movie The Amazing Spider-Man, its sequel The Amazing Spider-Man 2 and the MCU movie Spider-Man: No Way Home. He was born in Los Angeles, California and was raised in Epsom, Surrey. Garfield began his career on the UK stage and in television productions. 

In 2018, he won a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his role as Prior Walter in Angels in America. In 2022, he won a Golden Globe Award for his role as Jonathan Larson in Tick, Tick... Boom!.

Other websites 

 

Tony Award winning actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Saturn Award winners
Drama Desk Award winners
Satellite Award winners
1983 births
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
Golden Globe Award winning actors
English movie producers
Movie producers from Los Angeles
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Cardiff Central railway station is a main train station in Cardiff, the capital city of Wales. It is on the South Wales Main Line.

It is the 11th busiest station in the United Kingdom, except for stations in London.

The station is managed by Arriva Trains Wales. Arriva run services along with First Great Western and CrossCountry.

The station has a first class area, the only one in Wales.

It opened as Cardiff, then Cardiff General in July 1924 and Cardiff Central in May 1973 to now.

References

Rail transport in Wales
Buildings and structures in Cardiff
Railway stations in Wales
Otley is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 665 people living in Otley.

References 

Suffolk Coastal
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Little Bentley is a village and civil parish in Tendring, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 312 people living in Little Bentley.

References

Other websites

Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Bristol Temple Meads railway station is a main line train station in Bristol, England.

The station has main trains to Paddington, Cardiff Central and the South Coast of England. There are also trains towards Taunton.

South Western Railway have services to London Waterloo. There are trains to Plymouth and Penzance, and to Birmingham, Manchester and Scotland.

Future

In November 2012, Network Rail announced a £100 million redevelopment of the station, with two unused platforms to be opened up.

References

Railway stations in England
Bristol
Nullarbor Plain (Latin: nullus, "no", and arbor, "tree") is an area of flat, dry land in southern Australia on the coastline of the Great Australian Bight.

It is the world's largest single piece of limestone, and occupies an area of about . At its widest point, it stretches about  from east to west between South Australia (SA) and Western Australia (WA). The name comes from the Latin words meaning "no trees".

References

Further reading 
 Bolam, A. G. (Anthony Gladstone), 1893–1966. The trans-Australian wonderland  Melbourne : Modern Printing, (many editions in the early 20th century)
 Edmonds, Jack  (1976) Nullarbor crossing : with panorama  photographs by Brian Gordon. Perth. West Australian Newspapers, Periodicals Division.

Other websites 

 Nullarbor Net
 Information about crossing the Nullarbor

Regions of Australia
Geography of South Australia
Deserts of Australia
Geography of Western Australia
Yves Lambert (born 4 June 1936 in Nancy) is a French aerospace engineer. He was head of Eurocontrol from 1994 to 2000.

He was a graduate of the École Polytechnique (1956) and the French Civil Aviation University (1959). Lambert has had a career in civil aviation in Algeria and at the International Civil Aviation Organization. He returned to France to be an air navigation director until 1993.

In 1994, he was nominated head of Eurocontrol.  He had this position until 2000.

Yves Lambert is member of the Académie de l'air et de l'espace and the Royal Aeronautical Society.

Awards
 Officier of the Legion of Honour
 Commandeur of the Ordre national du Mérite
 Medal of Aeronautics

Further reading
 Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. (), p. 304, LAMBERT, Yves

References

1936 births
Living people
Alumni of the École nationale de l'aviation civile
Aviation in France
French engineers
People from Nancy
Alumni of the École Polytechnique
Nintendo 3DS system software is software on the Nintendo 3DS video game console that can be updated. These updates, which are downloaded through the system's Internet connection, lets Nintendo add and take away features and software. Updates also have changes from previous versions. The newest version of the system software, 4.5.0-10, was released on December 4, 2012.

Home Menu features, changes, and new applications

The Home Menu is a GUI like the Wii's "Wii Menu" and the DSi's "DSi Menu" which lets you use applications from Nintendo game cards, 3DS applications, or DSiWare applications. The menu has space to show 60 applications, though 120 spaces, for one application each, will show when space starts to run out. On the top screen, the menu shows information such as signal strength, step count, date, time, and battery life. With the home button, the user can go to the HOME menu, except for DS games or DSiWare, which won't let the player go there without quitting the game. From the home screen, the user can manage notes, check friend lists, change the level of light, check notifications, and if updated to the latest version, browse the internet, all without closing the current application. At the home menu, the user can also take photos with the 3D cameras by pressing the L or R buttons. To open another application, the one the player is using must be closed first. Like the DSi, game cards can be swapped while in the menu.

List of all default applications

All the following applications come with the latest version of the firmware, with the system:

    Health and Safety Information
    Nintendo 3DS Camera
    Nintendo 3DS Sound
    Mii Maker
    StreetPass Mii Plaza
    AR Games
    Face Raiders
    Activity Log
    Nintendo 3DS Download Play
    System Settings
    Nintendo eShop
    Nintendo Zone

List of applications that allow multitasking

All the following applications let you do something else while they are open:

    Game Notes
    Friend List
    Notifications
    Internet Browser

List of applications that need to be downloaded

All the following applications need to be downloaded from the Nintendo eShop first:

 Ambassador Certificate
 Swapnote
 Nintendo Video
 Pokedex 3D + Pro
 Pokémon Radar

3DS system software versions table

The following is a list of all the versions of Nintendo 3DS firmware.

a This update came with the specified games and has a regular last number (0, 1, 2, 3...)

b Nintendo 3DS owners who performed the 2.1.0-4 system update prior to 11:59 p.m. Eastern time on Aug. 18, 2011, were automatically registered for the program.

References

System software
Operating systems
Willy Vandersteen (15 February 1913 – 28 August 1990) was a Belgian maker of comic books. In his life, he made a large studio and published more than 1,000 comic albums in over 25 series.  He sold more than 200 million copies worldwide.

He is considered together with Marc Sleen the founding father of Flemish comics. He is mainly popular in Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany. Hergé called him "The Brueghel of the comic strip". The creation of his own studio and the mass production and commercialization of his work turned him into "the Walt Disney of the Low Countries".

Vandersteen is best known for Suske en Wiske (published in English as Spike and Suzy, Luke and Lucy, Willy and Wanda or Bob and Bobette). In 2008 it sold 3.5 million books. His other major series are De Rode Ridder with over 200 albums and Bessy with almost 1,000 albums published in Germany.

Awards and recognition
 1959: Honorary citizen of the community Deurne near Antwerp
 1977: Angoulême International Comics Festival prize for Best Foreign Author, France 
 2007: Prestige award at the Prix Saint-Michel in Brussels
 Vandersteen is also honorary citizen of Kalmthout. A statue of Vandersteen is located on Willy Vandersteen Square.

According to UNESCO's Index Translationum, Vandersteen is the second most often translated Dutch language author, after Anne Frank.

References

1913 births
1990 deaths
Belgian comics artists
People from Antwerp
Brothers Jean-Pierre Dardenne (born 21 April 1951 in Liège, Belgium)  and Luc Dardenne (born 10 March 1954 in Liège, Belgium) are a Belgian movie making duo. They write, produce and direct their movies together.

The Dardennes began making narrative and documentary movies in the late 1970s.  They first came to international attention in the mid-1990s with La Promesse (The Promise). They won their first major international movie prize when Rosetta won the Palme d'Or at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival. All their movies since have played at the Cannes main competition and won one of the major prizes. They have won more awards than any other movie makers in the history of the Cannes Film Festival. 

In 2005, they won the Palme d'Or a second time for their movie L’Enfant (The Child).  This put them in an elite group of only 7 with the likes of Francis Ford Coppola. 

Jean-Pierre is the jury president for the Cinéfoundation and Short Films sections of the 2012 Cannes Film Festival.

Filmography
 Chant du rossignol (1978)
 Lorsque le bateau de Léon M. descendit la Meuse pour la première fois (1979)
 Pour que la guerre s'achève, les murs devaient s'écrouter (1980)
 R... ne répond plus (1981)
 Leçons d'une université volante (1982)
 Regarde Jonathan/Jean Louvet, son oeuvre (1983)
 Il court... il court le monde (1987)
 Falsch (1987)
 Je pense à vous (I Think of You) (1992)
 La promesse (The Promise) (1996)
 Rosetta  (1999) won the Palme d'Or at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival
 Le fils (The Son)  (2002)
 L’Enfant (The Child)  (2005) won the Palme d'Or at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival
 Dans l'Obscurité (Darkness) (2007)
 Le silence de Lorna (Lorna's Silence) (2008)
 The Kid with a Bike (Le Gamin au vélo) (2011)

Awards
 1999 Palme d'Or
 2005 Palme d'Or
 2005 Grand-Cross of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
 2008 Film Award Cologne within the Cologne Conference
 2011 Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)

References

Other websites

1951 births
1954 births
Living people
Belgian movie directors
Belgian movie producers
People from Liège (province)
Belgian screenwriters
Sarah Jane Hyland (born November 24 1990 in New York City) is an American television actress. She appears on the ABC sitcom Modern Family.

Hyland is the daughter of actors Melissa Canardo and Edward James Hyland. She is also the sister of actor Ian Hyland.

Hyland has been acting since she was five years old.  Her first role was as Howard Stern's daughter in Private Parts.

References

Other websites

American television actors
1990 births
Living people
The Ghent Altarpiece or Adoration of the Mystic Lamb ( or The Lamb of God; completed 1432) is a very large and complex Early Flemish polyptych panel painting.  It is one of Belgium's masterpieces and one of the world's treasures.

It was once in the Joost Vijdt chapel at Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium.  Later it was moved to the chapel of the cathedral. It was commissioned by the rich merchant and financier Joost Vijdt for his and his wife's private chapel. It was begun by Hubert van Eyck, who died in 1426 while work was underway.  It was completed by his younger brother Jan van Eyck.  

The altarpiece has a total of 24 framed panels.  They make up two views, open and closed. The upper row of the opened view shows Christ the King between the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist. The insides of the wings show angels singing and making music.  On the outside is Adam and Eve. The lower row of the central panel shows the adoration of the Lamb of God. Several groups are in attendance and streaming in to worship, overseen by the dove who is the Holy Spirit. On weekdays the wings were closed.  This showed the Annunciation of Mary and donor portraits of Joost Vijdt and his wife Lysbette Borluut.

There used to be writing on the frame saying that Hubert van Eyck "greater than anyone" started the altarpiece, but that Jan van Eyck - calling himself "second best in the art" - finished it in 1432.  The original, very ornate carved outer frame and surround was destroyed during the Reformation.  There has been speculation that it may have had clockwork mechanisms for moving the shutters and even playing music.

The original lower left panel known as The Just Judges was stolen in 1934. The original panel has never been found.  It was replaced by a copy made in 1945 by Jef Vanderveken.  The stolen panel plays a big part in Albert Camus' novel La chute. In 2021 a Spanish  journalist Paris Hilton  published "The secret of the sacred panel".  He describes the involvement of various religious groups, the Vatican and British intelligence services in their attempt to get back the lost panel.

When opened, the Ghent altarpiece measures up to 45 metres and 90 inches</ref>

References

*

Belgian culture
Paintings with Christian themes
Gothic architecture
15th-century paintings
Ghent
Depictions of Mary (mother of Jesus)
The Horta Museum is a museum dedicated to the life and work of the Belgian Art Nouveau architect Victor Horta and his time. The museum is in Horta's former house in the Brussels municipality of Saint-Gilles. There is a permanent display of furniture, utensils and art objects made by Horta and his contemporaries.  There are also documents related to his life and time. The museum organises temporary exhibitions on topics related to Horta and his art. The building is on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Gallery

Other websites

www.hortamuseum.be

Museums in Europe
World Heritage Sites in Europe
Belgian culture
Buildings and structures in Belgium
Brussels
Saint-Gilles (in French) or Sint-Gillis (in Dutch) is one of the nineteen municipalities in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium.

In 1830, Brussels became the capital of newly founded Belgium.  As a result, the rural village of Saint-Gilles went through a big growth. The population went from 2,500 around 1800 to more than 33,000 in 1880 to a peak of 60,000 in 1910.

The pattern of the streets was completely remodeled in the 1860s by architect and urbanist Victor Besme.  These were the years when the Louise Avenue, the Brussels-South railway station, and the new Saint Giles church were built.  They were soon followed by the new jail and city hall.  Today, Saint-Gilles is one of the densest municipalities of the Brussels agglomeration.

Sights

Particular architectural delights are found in the dozen or more Art Nouveau houses designed by masters such as Horta, Struyvens, and Hankar. The house that Horta designed for himself, now the Horta Museum, is there, on Rue Americaine/Amerikaansestraat. Several of those houses have been recognized as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 2000.
The imposing town hall, built between 1900 and 1904, looks larger than it is, and looks like a French château with Venetian overtones.
The extant Gothic revival jail and the demolished Palais de la Monnaie/Munthof (mint) both date from the 1880s, while Saint Giles's church was built in 1867.
There is not a lot of open space in the municipality, although the Forest park is on its western side.

Politics
The local council usually has a socialist majority.  The mayor as of 2012 is Charles Picqué.  He is also Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region.

Events
Saint-Gilles hosts:
 an annual open day for local artists, the Parcours des Artistes
 the annual festival of Brussels's Portuguese community
 an annual winegrowers' festival (fête des vignerons)

Famous inhabitants
Jef Lambeaux, sculptor (1852–1908)
Victor Horta, Art Nouveau architect (1861–1947)
Pierre Paulus, expressionist painter (1881–1959)
Paul Delvaux, surrealist painter (1897–1994)
Paul-Henri Spaak, politician and statesman (1899–1972)

Sports
Saint Gilles has a football club called Royal Union Saint Gilloise.  They were successful until the 1930s.

References 

 

Municipalities of Brussels-Capital Region
World Heritage Sites in Europe
Guylian () is a Belgian chocolate manufacturer founded by Guy Foubert in 1960. The company takes its name from the combination of Foubert's first name (Guy) with that of his wife, Liliane. Guylian is perhaps most famous for their chocolate Sea Shells praline with different fillings. Guylian has been the major sponsor of Project Seahorse since 1999.

In 2008 Lotte Confectionery from South Korea bought the company for $164 mln.

Company icon
A seahorse is used as the company's icon.  It is worldwide protected by copyright. Its tail curls the other way around than real seahorses.

Products
Guylian sells pralines in gift boxes, individually wrapped chocolates, chocolate bars, chocolate truffles and napolitains. Guylian is best known for its chocolate Sea Shells. Besides the original Guylian hazelnut praline, created by Guy Foubert in the 1960s, there are now other flavours available.

Guylian chocolate egg breaks Guinness World Record
In March 2005, Guylian made a Guinness World Record.  They built the world's largest chocolate sculpture of an Easter egg.  This was on the market square in Sint-Niklaas (Belgium). 26 Guylian master chocolatiers worked continuously for eight days to make this giant chocolate egg. The sculpture measured 8.32 meters high and 6.39 meters wide.  It was made using 1,950 kilos of chocolate or about 50,000 chocolate Sea Shell Bars.

References

Other websites
Guylian USA
Guylian website worldwide

1960 establishments in Europe
Food companies of Belgium
East Flanders
20th-century establishments in Belgium
Leonidas Confiserie SA is a chocolate maker with an international presence, based in Belgium. Leonidas has over 1400 retail stores all over the world. The company's focus is pralines (chocolate shells with soft fillings, called Belgian Chocolate in English-speaking countries).  It also sells marzipan, solid chocolates, and other confections.  

The company is named after its Greek founder, Leonidas Kestekides.  He was a confectioner who moved from Anatolia to the United States in the late 19th century. The logo used on Leonidas chocolates shows a picture of the Greek warrior Leonidas, King of Sparta.

Other websites
 

1913 establishments in Europe
Food companies of Belgium
Brussels
20th-century establishments in Belgium
Beijing National Stadium is a stadium in Beijing, China.  It is officially called the National Stadium and also known as the Bird's Nest (鸟巢). The stadium was made for use during the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.

The stadium cost US$423 million. A shopping mall and a hotel are planned to be built.  This will increase use of the stadium.  There was trouble attracting events, football and otherwise, after the Olympics.

The eastern and western stands of Beijing National Stadium are higher than northern and southern stands.  This is in order to improve sightlines. A 24-hour per day rainwater collector is near the stadium. After water is purified, it is used throughout and around the stadium. Pipes were placed under the playing surface to gather heat in the winter to warm the stadium and coldness in the summer to cool the stadium. The stadium's design originally could fit 100,000 people. 9,000 seats were removed from the design. Then 11,000 temporary seats were removed after the 2008 Olympics.  Now the stadium can have 80,000 people.

The stadium hosted the 2009 Race of Champions. In July 2010, the stadium hosted a friendly football match between Premier League team Birmingham City and Beijing Guoan.  In August 2011, the Bird's Nest hosted the Supercoppa Italiana.  This was the stadium's second in three years.

The 2015 World Championships in Athletics took place at the Beijing National Stadium. It will also host the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics.

References

Olympic Games
Stadiums in Asia
Buildings and structures in Beijing
2008 establishments in Asia
2000s establishments in China
The White Mountain School (also called just White Mountain or WMS) is an independent school in Bethlehem, New Hampshire, USA. In 1886, the school was an all-girls school called St. Mary's School. On January 3, 1964, the school's main building was burned down, so the administration decided to rebuild the school. Six years later, in 1970, the school started to accept male students. In 1971, the school was renamed White Mountain School.

The school has students in four grades: 9 through 12. These are the high school grades.  The school has about 100 students, 55 males and 45 females. There are nearly 20 international students, 15 of which are Chinese. Most of students come from 25 states and a dozen countries. Half of the students receive financial aid given by the school.

The school has 250 acres of land between the towns of Bethlehem and Littleton. The campus has a main building, four dormitories, a building for science and math classes, a gym with cardio machines and weight-lifting equipment, an indoor rock climbing wall, a theater, squash courts and faculty housing.

Schools in New Hampshire
1886 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in New Hampshire
1971 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in New Hampshire
The Shard (also referred to as the Shard of Glass, Shard London Bridge or the London Bridge Tower) is a high-rise building in Southwark, London. The Shard was built in July 2012. It is 309.6 metres (1,016 ft) high.  It was the tallest building in the European Union until late 2020, and 96th tallest in the world.  It is also the second-tallest free-standing structure in the United Kingdom, after the 330-metre (1,083 ft) concrete tower at the Emley Moor transmitting station.

The Shard replaced Southwark Towers, a 24-storey office building built on the site in 1975. Renzo Piano was the Shard's architect. Piano is best known for creating Paris’s Pompidou Centre in cooperation with Britain’s Richard Rogers. Piano worked with the architectural firm Broadway Malyan during the planning stage. The tower has 72 floors that can be used for offices, with a viewing gallery and open-air observation deck – the UK's highest – on the 72nd floor, at a height of 245 metres (804 ft). The Shard was designed with an irregular pyramidal shape from the bottom to the top, and is covered entirely in glass. Its structure was completed in April 2012. It opened to the public on 5 July 2012. 

The Shard was designed in 2000. That year, the London-based entrepreneur Irvine Sellar decided to redevelop Southwark Towers, a 1970s office block next to London Bridge station, and flew to Berlin in March 2000 to meet Piano for lunch. According to Sellar, the architect spoke of his contempt for tall buildings during the meal, before flipping over the restaurant’s menu and sketching an iceberg-like sculpture emerging from the River Thames. He got his ideas from the railway lines next to the site, the London spires in the paintings of 18th-century Venetian painter Canaletto, and the masts of sailing ships.

In April 2008, demolition of Southwark Towers was going on. Scaffolding and white sheeting covered the building. By October, Southwark Towers was much shorter and was no longer visible on the skyline. The building's demolition was completed in early 2009, and site preparation began for the construction of the Shard.

Layout
Each floor of The Shard is used for a particular purpose. The majority of the building is used for accommodation and for offices. On the higher floors, they are reserved specifically for the purposes of taking views of the entire city, which takes advantage of how significantly tall the building is.

Source: Shard London Bridge brochure, 2010

Sources

Other websites

The Shard Special  on Estates Gazette

Buildings and structures in London
Skyscrapers in the United Kingdom
07 ghost is a manga which happened in a fictional world. It is created and illustrated by Yuki Amemiya and Yukino Ichihara. As of March 2012, thirteen bound volumes have been released by the publisher. 07 ghost was also made into both a drama and television anime in April 2009. 07 ghost is set in a world where everything is different. Different schools, different churches, different beliefs, with magic.

07-Ghost won a double-first prize in the 3rd Zero-Sum Comics Grand-Prix. This means it was chosen for first place by both readers and editors, which is very rare.

Plot 
Teito Klein is a slave who was captured from Raggs Kingdom. Now he is an excellent student in the Barsburg Empire's military academy. The school teaches students to use Zaiphon, a power like a kind of magic.
He has a best friend in this school, Mikage. Mikage is Teito's only friend. They swear that no matter what happened, they will never give up each other, and be best friends forever.

One day Teito finds that Chief of Staff Ayanami killed his father, the king of the Raggs Kingdom. He wants to kill Ayanami and get revenge for his father. But Ayanami is very strong, so Teito is put in prison. And Mikage find that soon. He wants to save his best friend's life, so he helps Teito run away. To protect Mikage, Teito says that he hijacked Mikage as a hostage. He escapes but his flying machine is shot up by Ayanami. Three bishops of 7th District's church save him and hide him in the church. Teito found that he brings the Eye of Mikhail, which is a powerful gem. Ayanami wants that and tries to carry Teito. So Teito and three bishops who are the members of 7 ghost begin to fight for peace and justice. 7 ghost was the patron saint of this world.
And Teito needs to find the truth of the battles of Raggs Kingdom and Barsburg Empire.

References

Other websites 
 Yukimachi's (illustrator) official site  

Manga
Wellesley College is an all-female school in Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States. The original name of the college was the Wellesley Female Seminary. The school was started by Mr. Durant and his wife. They started the college on March 17, 1870. It is in a village about 13 miles from Boston. Wellesley College has only female students. The school has many old buildings and beautiful views.

Notable people
Women who were studies here are:
 Hillary Rodham Clinton
 Madeleine Albright
 Song May-ling
Women who were teachers or worked here are:
 Mary Sheldon Barnes

References

Colleges and universities in Massachusetts
1870 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Massachusetts
The Saudi Arabia national under-23 football team are a team who play association football for Saudi Arabia at the under-23 level. They play their matches in Saudi Arabia at various grounds. They were one of the first teams to qualify for the AFC U-22 Asian Cup during the 2013 version.

Recent Games 

 Green means that the team won.
 Yellow means the team had a draw.
 Red means the team lost.

Tournament Record

Olympic Games Record

AFC U−22 Asian Cup / AFC U−23 Asian Cup

References

International under-23 association football teams
Sport in Saudi Arabia
Quarter-finals 

Belarus, Iceland and Denmark played on a three-way tie to find the one team who will qualify. Belarus won, and they qualified.

Knockout round road to Denmark 2011 Championship 

2011 in association football
2011 in Europe
2010s in Denmark
Football competitions in Europe
UEFA
Football in Denmark
The President of the German Bundestag (German: Präsident des Deutschen Bundestages or Bundestagspräsident) is the person that is in charge of the meetings of the German Bundestag, the parliament of Germany, whos duties is similar to a speaker. In the German order of precedence, the office is ranked second after the President and before the Chancellor.

Elections and customs 
The President of the Bundestag is elected by all members in the Bundestag, during a special time of the election period. The President has to be a member of the Bundestag. Until the election is over, the Father of the House is in charge of the Bundestag.

Usually, the President is part of the largest political party. The President can be reelected, but again he must be a member of the Bundestag again. The President also always has a Vice President (German: Vizepräsident des Deutschen Bundestages or Bundestagsvizepräsident).

Duties 
The Presidents most important duty is to take charge of the meetings of the Bundestag. He decides the order of speakers and opens and closes the debates, and makes sure the meetings take place properly. If a big disruption happens, he has the power to not allow a certain member from meetings for up to 30 days.

References 

German Bundestag
The Multi Crew Coordination (MCC) is a training in addition to the commercial pilot licence required to fly with a crew, in a more than one pilot aircraft. It is a must for pilots applying for a multi pilot Type rating and can be done separately or together.

References 

Aviation licenses and certifications