cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mark Richard Hamill (born September 25, 1951) is an American actor and writer. He is known for his portrayal of Luke Skywalker in the original Star Wars trilogy (1977–1983), the Star Wars sequel trilogy (2015–2019), and for voicing The Joker in almost all animated Batman television series or animated movies.

Career

Voice acting 
Hamill has gained a reputation as a voice actor. He first did voice acting work in the early 1970s voicing the character Corey Anders on the Saturday morning cartoon Jeannie by Hanna-Barbera Productions. He later played Sean in the Ralph Bakshi film Wizards, which was released just three months before Star Wars in 1977. In addition Hamill has also provided the voice for Fire Lord Ozai in Avatar: The Last Airbender, and Chanukah Zombie on Futurama. He also provided the voice of Chucky in the 2019 reboot of the franchise.

Writing 
Hamill is the co-writer of The Black Pearl, a comic book miniseries published by Dark Horse Comics. He wrote an introduction to the Trade Paperback Batman: Riddler Two-Face which reprints various stories involving The Riddler and Two-Face to tie in with Batman Forever. He has also written several stories for Simpsons Comics, including "Catastrophe in Substitute Springfields!", which parodies DC's Crisis on Infinite Earths and also references several other classic comics.

Other work 
Hamill directed and starred in the 2004 direct-to-DVD Comic Book: The Movie. A comic book fan who attended science fiction and comic conventions before he became famous, Hamill stated that his character was based on an exaggerated version of himself. He and his crew shot most of the mockumentary film during the 2002 San Diego Comic-Con, and enlisted Stan Lee, Kevin Smith, Bruce Campbell and Hugh Hefner in small roles. The movie won an award for Best Live-Action DVD Premiere Movie at the 2005 DVD Exclusive Awards.

Personal life 
Hamill married dentist Marilou York in a private civil ceremony on December 17, 1978. They have three children together: Nathan (born September 25, 1979), Griffin (born March 4, 1983), and Chelsea Elizabeth (born July 27, 1988) On January 11, 1977, Hamill was in a car accident in which he fractured his nose and left cheekbone, requiring seven hours of surgery. According to Hamill in a recorded interview, he was driving his BMW on a freeway and became distracted, and seeing that he was missing his offramp, tried to negotiate four lanes of traffic (some real scars from the crash made an appearance in The Empire Strikes Back).

References

Other websites 
 Mark Hamill at the Internet Movie Database

1951 births
Living people
Actors from Oakland, California
Actors who played the Joker
American movie actors
American television actors
American video game actors
American voice actors
Brest is a town in France. It is in the Finistère department and the Brittany region. Its population in 1999 was around 150,000. Even if it is by far the largest town in Finistère it is not the prefecture (Quimper is).

Twin towns 
Brest is twinned with:
  Cádiz, Spain  (1986)
  Constanţa, Romania  (1993)
  Denver, Colorado, United States  (1956)
  Dún Laoghaire, Ireland  (1984)
  Kiel, Germany  (1964)
  Plymouth, United Kingdom  (1963)
  Saponé, Burkina Faso  (1989)
  Taranto, Italy  (1964)
  Yokosuka, Japan  (1970)

Mayors 
 1959-1973 : Georges Lombard.
 1973-1977 : Eugène Berest.
 1977-1982 : Francis Le Blé.
 1982-1983 : Pierre Maille.
 1983-1985 : Jacques Berthelot.
 1985-1989 : Georges Kerbrat.
 1989-2001 : Pierre Maille again.
 2001- : François Cuillandre.

Education 
 École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne

Other websites 
 City of Brest 

 
Subprefectures in France
St John's Innovation Centre (SJIC) is a famous company which helps small companies to grow. It is in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England. It was started in 1987 in St John’s College, Cambridge, near the Cambridge Science Park.

Other websites
Official website
SJIC at Cambridge Network
News on BBC
Some info at The World Bank
SJIC’ pictures

Cambridge
Companies of England
1987 establishments in England
The Cambridge Science Park is a group of science and technology-related businesses started by Trinity College, Cambridge in 1970. It is the oldest science park in the United Kingdom. It has many science and technology related businesses, and has strong links with the nearby University of Cambridge.

Other websites
Cambridge Science Park

Cambridgeshire
Buildings and structures in England
1970 establishments in England
Sir Hersch Lauterpacht (16 August 1897 in Zółkiew, Austria-Hungary (nowadays Schowkwa in Ukraine) – 8 May 1960 in London) was an Austrian-born British jurist of Jewish descent. He was a legal scholar, specialized in international law and a philosopher of law, and also a judge and a lawyer.

Life
Lauterpacht was born in Austrian Galicia, which became Polish after World War I. He studied in Lemberg and in Vienna. During this time he was the first president of the World Federation of Jewish Students. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1923, where he studied at the London School of Economics. He became a British citizen in 1931. 

He lectured at several British universities like the London School of Economics, the University of London, and the University of Cambridge.

Lauterpacht was a member of the United Nations' International Law Commission from 1952 to 1954, and a Judge of the International Court of Justice from 1955 to 1960. The Lauterpacht Centre for International Law at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom is named after him. His son Elihu Lauterpacht started the center and was its first director.

References 
 Hersch Lauterpacht. 1897–1960. Arnold Duncan McNair. Oxford University Press, London 1962

Other websites
 Sir Hersch Lauterpacht 1897-1960 
 Judge Schwebel's Memories About Sir Hersch 
 Tributes from Hans Kelsen and Lord McNair to Sir Hersch Lauterpacht 

 

1897 births
1960 deaths
20th-century British philosophers
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Austrian Jews
British lawyers
Jewish British academics
Jewish British scientists
Jewish judges
Jewish lawyers
Jurists
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Polish Jews
Zionists
Solid mechanics is the branch of mechanics, physics, and mathematics that concerns itself with how solid matter under external actions works  (such as external forces, temperature changes, applied displacements, etc.). It is part of a larger study known as continuum mechanics. One of the most common practical applications of solid mechanics is the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation.

Mechanics
The Chicago Police Department, also known as Chicago P.D. and the CPD, is the main law enforcement agency of the City of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States, under the jurisdiction of the city mayor. It is the largest police department in the Midwest and the second largest in the United States after the New York City Police Department with over 13,600 sworn officers and over 2,600 other employees. Dating back to 1837, the Chicago Police Department is one of the oldest modern police forces in the world.

Law enforcement agencies of the United States
Chicago, Illinois
1855 establishments in Illinois
Lady Margaret Beaufort (May 31, 1443 – June 29, 1509), of the House of Lancaster, was the mother of King Henry VII of England, and grandmother of Henry VIII. She was an important figure in the Wars of the Roses. Lady Margaret Hall, a college of the University of Oxford, is named after her.

Other websites 
 A short profile of Margaret alongside other influential women of her time
 Catholic Encyclopedia article
 Margaret Beaufort's patronage of theatre and/or music 
 The school that was established in honour of Lady Margaret Beaufort's will

1443 births
1509 deaths
People from Bedfordshire
British nobility
Oxbridge is a word that is used to mean the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in England. It used to mean a fictional mix of the two universities, but now refers to both in real life.  

The word 'Oxbridge' started because the two universities are very similar:
 They are the two oldest universities in England; both were started more than 800 years ago.
 They were the only universities in England until the 19th century.
 Between them they have produced a large number of Britain's most well known scientists, writers, and politicians, as well as famous people in many other jobs.
 Also, they both share a similar college system, as each university is made up of separate colleges.

The competition between Oxford and Cambridge also has a long history, dating back to the days when Cambridge was founded by unsatisfied scholars from Oxford.

References

Other websites
 University of Cambridge
 University of Oxford
 The Oxbridge boat race
 The Varsity Match 

University of Cambridge
University of Oxford
Nîmes is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Gard department in the Languedoc-Roussillon region. Nîmes dates back to Ancient Rome.

History 
Nîmes was an important Roman town. Many sites have been discovered, including:
 The temple of Diane
 The Maison Carrée
 The Nîmes amphitheatre, the best-preserved in France.

The town was supplied with water by the Pont du Gard.

Sister cities
Nîmes is twinned with:
  Preston, United Kingdom, since 1955.
  Verona, Italy, since 1960.
  Braunschweig, Germany, since 1962.
  Prague, Czech Republic, since 1967.
  Frankfurt an der Oder, Germany, since 1976.
  Salamanca, Spain, since 1979.
  Rishon LeZion, Israel, since 1986.
  Meknes, Morocco, since 2005.

Communes in Gard
Cities in France
Departmental capitals in France
A Lieutenant is an officers rank in the military, police and fire departments. It is an entry level supervisory position. The word comes from the French language. Lieu means "place" and tenant means "holding". A lieutenant is someone who takes the place of a superior when that person is not available. It can also mean a deputy position to assist someone else to carry out their job.

Military 
In many military organizations, a lieutenant is an entry level commissioned officer's rank. Generally, but not always, it is divided into two levels.

Second Lieutenant 
A second lieutanant (2LT) (2ndLt) (2d Lt) (O1) is the lower rank of lieutanant. A second lieutenant is addressed as "lieutenant" the same as a first lieutenant. In the United States Army, for example, a second lieutenant leads a platoon made up of two or more squads or about 16 to 44 soldiers. In this capacity he or she functions as a platoon leader or commander. The length of time an officer can hold the rank of second lieutenant is different in different services. For example, in the British Army it may be held for up to 2 years.

First Lieutenant 
A first lieutenant (1LT) (1stLt) (1st Lt) (O2) is the senior rank of lieutenant. A first lieutenant is also addressed as "lieutenant". In the army, a first lieutenant often functions as the executive officer of a Company (military unit). A company may have from 110 to 140 personnel. In the British Army, an officer may hold this rank for up to three years.

There is great variation in the insignia used worldwide. In most English-speaking and Arabic-speaking countries, as well as a number of European and South American nations, full lieutenants (and equivalents) usually wear two stars (pips) and second lieutenants (and equivalents) one. An example of an exception is the United States, whose armed forces distinguish their lieutenant ranks with one silver bar for first lieutenant and one gold (brass) bar for second lieutenant.

In many Navies including the United States Navy, a lieutenant is the equivalent rank to an army captain and a lieutenant (junior grade) is the same as an army first lieutenant. The equivalent to a second lieutenant is the naval rank of ensign.

Related pages 
 Lieutenant commander
 Lieutenant colonel
 Lieutenant general
 Lieutenant governor

References

Other websites 
 British Army Officer Ranks; YouTube
 All US Military Ranks; YouTube
 On Being: A 2nd Lieutenant; YouTube 

Military ranks
Trinity College is a college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Trinity has more students than any other college in Cambridge or Oxford. It is also the wealthiest Oxbridge college. It owns the O2 Arena. It is one of the three royal colleges.

Trinity College was formed by King Henry VIII in 1564 when two colleges merged together.  These two colleges were Michaelhouse, which had been formed by Hervey de Stanton in 1324, and King's Hall, which had been formed by King Edward II in 1317 and formed again in 1337 by King Edward III.

Two members of the British royal family and six British prime ministers have studied at Trinity College.

Of the 90 people from Cambridge who have won Nobel prizes, 32 were from Trinity College.

Famous people who have studied there include Isaac Newton (who went there in 1661) and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

The first time that the rules of association football were written down was at Trinity in 1848.

Trinity College's Wren Library is the biggest library at Cambridge. It has around 300,000 books and is open to the public.

References
The story of Trinity, "The Independent" 14 July 2009 p. 10

Other websites

Trinity College, Cambridge official website
Trinity College, Cambridge students' union (TCSU) website
Trinity B.A. Society 
Trinity College May Ball website
Undergraduates' Perspective of Trinity 
Trinity College on Google maps
Trinity College Isaac Newton Trust 

1546 establishments in England
Cambridgeshire
Colleges of the University of Cambridge
A veteran (from the Latin word vetus, meaning old) is a person who has a long experience in something. The term is most often used to describe people who were in the armed forces, especially those who had to fight in a war.

Veterans associations

United Kingdom
The Royal British Legion began in 1921 after the First World War.

United States
At the end of the American Revolution Army and Navy Officers formed the Society of the Cincinnati. After the US Civil War Veterans from the opposing sides formed their own associations:
Union
Military Order of the Loyal Legion 
Grand Army of the Republic 

Confederate:
United Confederate Veterans

After the Spanish-American War of 1898 Veterans formed an associations which still exists, called the Veterans of Foreign Wars. After World War I veterans formed the American Legion

There is also the:
AMVETS - American Veterans organization, also "American Veterans of WW2 and Korea", and later Vietnam
DAV - Disabled American Veterans organization-for veterans who were disabled by their military service
Marine Corps League - United States Marine veterans organization
Veterans organizations are also made up of different branches of the armed services - such as the Army; Navy, USMC or USAF or by units such as ships or divisions or regiments

References

Military terminology
Besançon is a city in France. It was the capital of the former Free County (Franche-Comté) region. It is the prefecture of the Doubs department. Its population is around 117,600 (2008).

History
Besançon is an old city. It is discovered in 58 BC and Julius Caesar writes about it in his book Commentarii de Bello Gallico where it is called Vesontio. The etymology (origin of the word) is not certain. It could have a Celtic origin. The Celtic word wes means mountain. In the 4th century, the letter B became V. The city name changed to Besontio or Bisontion. It became Besançon in 1243. In 1871 the city is going through a revolutionary period, known as Besançon Commune.

The city has a Renaissance citadel. It was later used by the Nazis during World War II.

Climate 
Besançon has an oceanic climate and a continental climate. The average temperature is 10.2 °C (50 °F). The warmest month of the year is July (18.9 °C or 66 °F) and the coldest month is January (1.6 °C or 35 °F). Besançon receives about 1108 mm (44 inches) of precipitation per year. The wettest month is May (111.4 mm or 4.4 in); the driest is July (80.5 mm or 3.2 in). The highest temperature ever, recorded on 31 July 1983, was 38.8 °C (101.8 °F), and the lowest was a −20.7 °C (−5.3 °F) reached on 1 January 1985.

Monuments
 Besançon Cathedral
 Synagogue of Besançon
 Jewish cemetery of Besançon

Éducation 
 École nationale supérieure de mécanique et des microtechniques

Sister cities

Besançon is twinned with:
  Tver, Russia
  Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
  Kuopio, Finland
  Huddersfield – Kirklees, United Kingdom
  Bielsko-Biała, Poland
  Neuchâtel, Switzerland
  Bistriţa, Romania
  Pavia, Italy
  Hadera, Israel
  Douroula, Burkina Faso
  Man, Côte d'Ivoire
  Charlottesville – Virginia, United States

 
Departmental capitals in France
Former regional capitals in France
Imperial free cities
50s BC establishments
Establishments in France
Boulogne-Billancourt (often called Boulogne or Boulbi) is a town in the western suburbs of Paris in France. Boulogne-Billancourt is a sub-prefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine département. It is in the Île-de-France region. Its population is around 106,000. Its land area is 6.17 km². Its population density is 17,877/km².

Boulogne-Billancourt is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe. Several major communication companies headquarters are in Boulbi. The hospital Ambroise-Paré Hospital is in the city and one campus of the École supérieure des sciences commerciales d'Angers.

Communes in Hauts-de-Seine
Cities in France
Subprefectures in France
Murrurundi is a small country town in the Upper Hunter Valley of New South Wales. Murrurundi is  by road from Newcastle and  km from Sydney. In 2006 there were 2162 people (ABS 2006) living in Murrurundi. The town is circled by mountains of the Liverpool Range. It is on the Pages River, which flows into the Hunter River. The name Murrurundi is from an Aboriginal word meaning "Five fingers". This is the name given to a group of rocks at the north end of the town.

History
The first people to live in the Murrurundi area were the Australian aboriginal people, the Wanaruah and the Kamilaroi. European settlement of the area began in the 1820s. Benjamin Hall, the father of bushranger Ben Hall started a cattle farm in the area in 1839. The town was started by the New South Wales government in 1840.  In the same year, a local land owner - Thomas Haydon - started his own town called Haydonton. Benjamin Hall opened a butcher's shop in Haydonton in 1842. Ben Hall lived here until the age of 13. In 1913, the two towns were joined together to make the modern-day town of Murrurundi.

Mining
Kerosene shale was first mined at Mount Temi,  north of Murrurundi in 1886. The mine was reopened in 1910. The shale was moved  from the mine on a rope system known as an aerial ropeway. It was then loaded onto trains at a railway built at Temple Court, just west of Murrurundi. The mine closed in the First World War.

Sport
Every year there is a rodeo and the King of the Ranges stockman (cowboy) contest. Other sports played in the town include rugby, touch football, swimming, and cricket.

Railway station
Murrurundi railway station is on the Main North railway line,  from Sydney. The station opened in 1872. There is a large brick station-house, a passing loop and goods yard.
There is a train to and from Sydney and Armidale/Moree every day.

References

Towns in New South Wales
Pau is a commune in southwestern France, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is the prefecture (capital) of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department. It is also the capital of 6 cantons in the department: Jurançon, Pau-Centre, Pau-Est, Pau-Nord, Pau-Ouest and Pau-Sud.

Pau is the second city of Aquitaine, after Bordeaux. Pau was also the capital of the old historical province of Béarn.

Geography
Pau is at about  from Bordeaux and from Toulouse, on a 200 m elevation overlooking the valley of a mountain river called the Gave de Pau, and at  from the Atlantic Ocean and at  from the Pyrenees.

It has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

Pau is surrounded by the communes Buros, Montardon, Morlaàs, Bizanos, Idron, Gelos, Jurançon,Lons and Billère.

Climate
The climate of Pau is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), with mild winters and warm summers.

The average temperature for the year in Pau is 13.5 °C (56.3 °F). The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of 20.7 °C (69.3 °F). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 6.6 °C (43.9 °F).

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Pau is . The month with the most precipitation on average is December with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .

Population
With a population of 77,575, Pau has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

The inhabitants of Pau are known, in French, as Paulois (women: Pauloises).

Administration
Pau is the prefecture of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department since 1796. It is also the capital of four Cantons:
 Pau-1, formed with a part of Pau
 Pau-2, formed with a part of Pau and the commune Idron
 Pau-3, formed with a part of Pau and the communes of Bizanos and Mazères-Lezons
 Pau-4, formed with a part of Pau and the commune Gelos

Gallery

Twin towns 
Pau is twinned with:

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Pau
 Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

References

Other websites

 Ville de Pau - Official site 
 General Council of Pyrénées-Atlantiques  
 Prefecture official website 
 Région Aquitaine  
 Grand Pau 

Cities in France
Communes in Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Departmental capitals in France
John Dunn (14 December 1846 – 19 March 1866) was an Australian bushranger. He was only 17 years old when he joined up with Ben Hall and John Gilbert and became a member of their gang.

Early life
He was born at Murrumburrah near Yass, New South Wales. His parents were Michael Dunn and Margaret Kelly. Dunn was only a small youth and worked as a jockey. He had robbed a Chinese gold miner and been in trouble with the police.

Ben Hall's gang
Dunn was a member of the gang when they tried to rob the mail coach near Jugiong on 16 November 1864. Gilbert shot dead Sergeant Parry during the robbery. The government already had offered reward money for the capture of the Gilbert and Hall; they now offered £500 for John Dunn.

The bushrangers spent Christmas, 1864, with Dunn's parents at Murrumburrah. After visiting Dunn's grandfather, John Kelly, near Binalong they rode to Binda on Boxing Day, 26 December. Gilbert and Dunn spent the night dancing at the Flag Hotel. Hall stood at the door and stopped people from going to get the police.

On 26 January 1865, Hall, Gilbert and  Dunn were at Collector, south of Goulburn.  While Hall and Gilbert were robbing the hotel, John Dunn stayed outside to watch for the police. Most of the police were out in the bush searching for the bushrangers. Policeman, Constable Samuel Nelson, was told the bushrangers were at the hotel. He told his wife he would "have to do his best". As he walked up to the hotel Dunn shot him in the side of the body, and then fired two shots into his face. Nelson was the father of nine children. One of the children saw the shooting. The bushrangers stole Nelson's gun, and his personal belongings and then left the town. During the next three months, the gang continued to rob from farmhouses and mail coaches.

Outlaw
In May 1865, Hall, Gilbert, and Dunn were made "outlaws"; they could be killed by anyone at anytime. Hall was found by the police in the bush near Forbes, New South Wales and shot dead. A week later, Gilbert was shot by the police at the home of John Kelly, Dunn's grandfather, near Binalong, on 13 May. Dunn was able to escape, although he was shot in the foot. Dunn's Grandfather had told the police where the bushrangers were so that he could get the reward money. 

Dunn went into hiding near Quambone Station (a farm) but another friend told the police where he was living. Dunn was shot and badly hurt when the police went to capture him on 26 December 1865. A policeman, McHale, was shot in the groin. Even though he was hurt, he climbed out of the police station window but was soon caught again. He was taken to Sydney to be tried in court. On 19 January 1866, he was found guilty of killing Nelson and sentenced to death.  He was hanged on 19 March 1865 at the Darlinghurst Gaol. He was only 19 years old. He is buried in the old Devonshire Street cemetery in Sydney.

Other websites

References

Australian criminals
Bushrangers
People from New South Wales
1846 births
1866 deaths
Gianfranco Zola OBE (born 5 July 1966) is an Italian former football player, who is now the manager of West Ham United.

As a footballer he played for Napoli, Parma, Chelsea and Cagliari He was renowned for his technique, skill and dribbling. In total, he played in 632 league games and scored 184 goals in his career. He became manager of West Ham on 11 September 2008, replacing Alan Curbishley, after he stopped working as Italy Under-21's manager.

Club career statistics

|-
|1984/85||rowspan="2"|Nuorese||Serie C2||4||0
|-
|1985/86||||27||10
|-
|1986/87||rowspan="3"|Sassari Torres||Serie C2||30||8
|-
|1987/88||rowspan="2"|Serie C1||24||2
|-
|1988/89||34||11
|-
|1989/90||rowspan="4"|Napoli||rowspan="4"|Serie A||18||2
|-
|1990/91||20||6
|-
|1991/92||34||12
|-
|1992/93||33||12
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="4"|Parma||rowspan="4"|Serie A||33||18
|-
|1994/95||32||19
|-
|1995/96||29||10
|-
|1996/97||8||2

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="7"|Chelsea||rowspan="7"|Premier League||23||8
|-
|1997/98||27||8
|-
|1998/99||37||13
|-
|1999/00||33||4
|-
|2000/01||36||9
|-
|2001/02||35||3
|-
|2002/03||38||14

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Cagliari||Serie B||43||13
|-
|2004/05||Serie A||31||9
403||125
229||59
632||184
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1991||2||0
|-
|1992||1||0
|-
|1993||1||0
|-
|1994||6||0
|-
|1995||8||6
|-
|1996||8||0
|-
|1997||9||3
|-
!Total||35||9
|}

References

1966 births
Living people
1994 FIFA World Cup players
Chelsea F.C. players
Italian footballers
Italian football managers
People from Sardinia
Fort-de-France is the capital of the French Caribbean oversees department of Martinique. It is one of the major cities in the Caribbean. Martinique exports sugar, rum, tinned fruit, and cacao from the port in Fort-de-France.

Sister city
Fort-de-France is twinned with:
 Belém, Brazil

Communes in Martinique
Departmental capitals in France
Regional capitals in France
Drake Jared Bell (born June 27, 1986) is an American actor, singer, director and guitarist.

Life 
Bell was born in Santa Ana, California in 1986. In December 2005, he was badly hurt in a car accident in Los Angeles. He was in the car with a friend. A truck went through a red light and hit Bell's car, a 1966 Ford Mustang. The steering wheel of Bell's car was made of wood and metal. Because the seatbelts of the car were only around the waist and there were no airbags, he hit his face against the steering wheel. This caused a broken neck, six dislodged teeth, a broken jaw and a deep cut across his chin. Bell had plastic surgery to fix his face.

In 2018, he married Janet Von Schmeling. They have one child.

Career

Acting 
Bell started to act when he was 5 years old. At the age of 8, he wrote his first song. When he was 9, he played "Jesse Ramo" in the movie Jerry Maguire. In 1999, he started to act in The Amanda Show with Amanda Bynes. He played Drake Parker on the television series Drake & Josh. In 2008, Bell played in the movies Superhero Movie and Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh.

Music 
Bell learned to play guitar when he was 13. In September 2005, he started to sell his first album, Telegraph. In December 2006, he started to sell his second album, Its Only Time. His third album was released in 2014. Some songs of his new album appeared, including "Saturday Night", "All alone at the Disco", "Sea Song", "C.C.Rider", "To Hip gotta go", "Little Miss Prissy" and "Jingle Bells".

Controversies 
Bell has made comments that have upset a lot of people. He made a negative comment when Caitlyn Jenner appeared on the cover of Vanity Fair.  He deleted the comment soon after he posted it but it was still seen by many readers. In an interview with Buzzfeed he made comments against stars such as Justin Bieber, Lady Gaga and Ariana Grande.  He got into still another controversy with a Justin Bieber fan wishing him death.

On June 4, 2021, Bell was arrested in Cleveland, Ohio, on charges relating to "attempted endangering [of] children and disseminating matter harmful to juveniles." Bell had sent a minor "inappropriate social media messages" for "months. On June 23, Bell plead guilty to both charges.  On July 12, 2021, Bell's victim made a public appearance and statement accusing him of sexually assaulting her while she was underage. Bell was sentenced to two years of probation and 200 hours of community service.

References

Actors from Santa Ana, California
American child actors
American guitarists
American movie actors
American television actors
Movie directors from California
Musicians from California
Singers from California
1981 births
Living people
Argenteuil is a town northwest of Paris, France. Argenteuil is a sub-prefecture of the Val-d'Oise department.

Argenteuil is the second most populated town in the suburbs of Paris (after Boulogne-Billancourt) and the most populated commune in the Val-d'Oise department; however it is not the prefecture. Its population is about 94,000 (1999).

Claude Monet painted things in Argenteuil many times.

Twin towns
 Dessau (Germany) ;
 Clydebank (Scotland) ;
 Alessandria (Italy) ;
 Hunedoara (Romania)

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Communes in Val-d'Oise
Cities in France
Subprefectures in France
Montreuil is a town in the east suburbs of Paris, France. Montreuil is near the Bois de Vincennes park in the Île-de-France region and the Seine-Saint-Denis department. About 91,000 people lived there in 1999. It is the third most populated suburb of Paris (after Boulogne-Billancourt and Argenteuil).

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Communes in Seine-Saint-Denis
Cities in France
Tourcoing  () is a town in the Nord department and Nord-Pas-de-Calais region in France with a population of about 94,204. It is near Lille and Roubaix and there is a metro and tram line between Tourcoing and these places, which are all close to the Belgian border. There is a Napoleon III-style Hôtel de ville (Town Hall) built in 1885.

Twin Towns 
Tourcoing is twinned with:

Related pages
 Communes of the Nord department

Other websites
 
 Tourcoing town council website (in French)
 Tourcoing Volley-Ball Lille Métropole (Official website of the top team, in French)
 See pictures from Antonio Mucherino's web site 

Communes in Nord
Consensus is a term which describes general agreement among members of a group or community.  It also means the theory and process of bringing a group together in agreement.

Not majority rule
The cooperative spirit of consensus is different from the competitive spirit which is brought to a point in majority voting.  According to Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales,
We are really strongly focused on consensus. One criticism of Wikipedia is that the majority rules. But majority is not the right way to describe it. We strive for consensus rather than majority rule. If you are in a group of five or ten people working on an article, if 30 percent of those working on the article dissent, then continue to write the article until all but the most unreasonable agree. Those who continue to disagree are typically exhibiting non-collaborative, and sometimes abusive, behavior.

Related pages 
 Common sense
 Discussion
 Intensity of preference
 Majority rule

References

Other websites
  "Basics of Consensus" at Northwest Intentional Communities Association (NICA) 

Human communication
Community
Saint-Denis is a city and commune in the north suburbs of Paris, France. Saint-Denis is a sub-prefecture of the Seine-Saint-Denis departement, and is the seat of the Arrondissement of Saint-Denis. It is in the Île-de-France region. Inhabitants of Saint-Denis are called Dionysiens.

Saint-Denis is home to the Saint Denis Basilica. France's national football stadium, Stade de France, built in 1998 for the Football World Cup is in Saint-Denis.

Saint-Denis used to be an industrial suburb, but its reconverting its economic base.

History 
Almost every French king since Dagobert Ist, was buried in the Basilica. Saint-Denis dates back to the second century. It used to be a village called Catolacus. Saint Denis, the first bishop of Paris, was martyred in about 250 AD. He was buried in the cemetery of Catolacus. Denis' tomb became a place of worship.

During the French Revolution in 1793, the city was renamed Franciade, and the royal necropolis was looted and destroyed. The name was changed back in 1803.

During the Second World War, the Germans occupied Saint-Denis from June 13, 1940. The town was liberated by General Leclerc on August 27.

Twin towns 
  Córdoba, Spain
  Gera, Germany
  North Lanarkshire, Scotland
  Porto Alegre, Brazil
  Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
  Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Other facts 

The painter Claude Monet was born in Saint-Denis.

Other websites 
 City council website 

Communes in Seine-Saint-Denis
Cities in France
Subprefectures in France
Dixie Dean (William Ralph Dean, 22 January 1907 – 1 March 1980) was an English football player. He played for Everton FC during the 1920s and 30s. 

He scored more goals than any other player in English football history.

Dean was born in Birkenhead in Merseyside. He began his career at his hometown club Tranmere Rovers before moving on to Everton. He was particularly known for scoring goals with his head. Dean played most of his career at Everton. When injuries caught up with him, he moved on to Notts County. 

Dean is best known for his exploits during the 1927–28 season. He scored a record 60 league goals that season, when the English first division was by far the strongest football league in the world. He also scored 18 goals in 16 appearances for England. There were fewer international games in those days.

A statue of Dean was unveiled outside Goodison Park in 2001. A year later, he became one of the first 22 players inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame. Dean was the first Everton player to wear the number 9 shirt, and is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time.

References 

1907 births
1980 deaths
English footballers
In criminal law, a sentence forms the final act of a judge-ruled criminal procedure. The sentence generally involves a decree of imprisonment, a fine and/or other punishments against a defendant convicted (found guilty) of a crime. For example, a man could be given a life sentence for murder. 

Trials

de:Urteil
Interstate 82 (sometimes called I-82) is a  long Interstate Highway in the states of Washington and Oregon. The road goes from Interstate 90 and U.S. Route 97 in Ellensburg, Washington southeast through Yakima, Washington, the Tri-Cities of Washington, and Umatilla, Oregon before ending at Interstate 84 in Hermiston, Oregon.

Since I-82 is north of Interstate 84, it breaks the rules for Interstate numbering. This happened because when Interstate 80N was renumbered to Interstate 84 in 1980, Interstate 82 became north of Interstate 84. The renumbering was part of a project to remove Interstates that have letters within their numbers.

The highway goes over Selah Creek on a bridge called the Fred G. Redmon Bridge.  When this bridge was opened on November 2, 1971 it was the longest concrete arch bridge in North America. The bridge is 549 feet long when it goes above the creek. It is mostly north south despite ending in a 2

In 1999, the state of Oregon wanted to make Interstate 82 longer. They planned three different roads, but all of them were not chosen. The freeway also has a spur route, Interstate 182, which connects Interstate 82 to Richland, Washington and Pasco, Washington.

Roads crossed
  Interstate 90 and U.S. Route 97 in Ellensburg, Washington
  Washington State Route 821 near Selah, Washington
  Washington State Route 821 near Selah, Washington
  Washington State Route 823 near Selah, Washington
  U.S. Route 12 in Yakima, Washington
  Washington State Route 24 in Yakima, Washington
  U.S. Route 97 in Yakima, Washington
  Washington State Route 22 near Zillah, Washington
  Washington State Route 223 in Granger, Washington
  Washington State Route 241 in Sunnyside, Washington
  Washington State Route 22 in Prosser, Washington
  Washington State Route 224 in Benton City, Washington
  Interstate 182 and U.S. Route 12 near Richland, Washington
  U.S. Route 395 near Kennewick, Washington
  Washington State Route 14 near Plymouth, Washington
  U.S. Route 395 and U.S. Route 730 in Umatilla, Oregon
  Interstate 84 and U.S. Route 30 near Hermiston, Oregon

Cities and towns along the highway
 Ellensburg, Washington
 Selah, Washington
 Yakima, Washington
 Union Gap, Washington
 Zillah, Washington
 Granger, Washington
 Sunnyside, Washington
 Grandview, Washington
 Prosser, Washington
 Benton City, Washington
 Umatilla, Oregon

Counties along the highway
 Kittitas County, Washington
 Yakima County, Washington
 Benton County, Washington
 Umatilla County, Oregon

References

Other websites

 Highways of Washington State
 ORoads

82
Roads in Washington
Roads in Oregon
Free content, or free information, is any kind of work, artwork, or other creative content which does not have lots of legal restrictions about how people can use it.  People have freedom to make changed versions of the content, give changed and not changed versions of the content to others, and sell copies of the content and changed versions of it.  The author of free content does not use all of his copyright monopoly, he gives many of the rights to others.  The articles in Wikipedia are free content.

Free software is different from free music or text, because it is often much more difficult to understand and change a program if one does not have its source code, than it is to change a song or a text. Because of that, the source code of free software must always be easy to receive, or the software will not be free. However, source code for pictures, movies and music can also exist and be given to others. Choosing what to call a “source code” is sometimes important when publishing a work under a copyleft license.

References
Interstate 5 (sometimes called I-5, or in Southern California, The 5) is a  long Interstate Highway in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. The road goes from Mexican Federal Highway 1 at the United States-Mexican border to British Columbia Highway 99 at the  United States-Canadian border. It is the main interstate highway of the West Coast. Nearly 60% of its length is in California.

Cities along the highway
 San Diego, California
 Santa Ana, California
 Los Angeles, California
 Sacramento, California
 Redding, California
 Medford, Oregon
 Eugene, Oregon
 Salem, Oregon
 Portland, Oregon
 Olympia, Washington
 Tacoma, Washington
 Seattle, Washington
 Everett, Washington
 Bellingham, Washington

References

1979 establishments in the United States
Central Valley of California
05
Roads in California
Roads in Oregon
Roads in Washington
In baseball, earned run average (abbreviated to ERA) is the mean of earned runs given up by a pitcher. It is measured per nine innings pitched in Major League Baseball. ERA is found by dividing the number of earned runs allowed by the number of innings pitched and multiplying by nine. For example, if a pitcher pitches 95 innings and allows 25 earned runs, his ERA is 2.37.

Baseball statistics
Interstate 90 (sometimes called 90) is a  Interstate Highway in the states of Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts. The road goes from Interstate 5 in Seattle, Washington to Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the longest Interstate in the US.

References

90
Roads in Washington
The Washington State Department of Transportation (sometimes called WSDOT) is the part of the government of Washington about roads, railroads, ferries, airports, and other ways to get around. It was made in 1905 as Washington Department of Highways.

References

Roads in Washington
State departments of transportation in the United States
Materpiscis (Latin for "mother fish") is a genus of pyctodontid placoderm from the late Devonian period, about 380 million years ago. A fossil of this armored placoderm shows an embryo and umbilical cord inside its body. So Materpiscis is the oldest known vertebrate to show viviparity (giving birth to live young). Viviparity of one kind or another is quite common in certain kinds of fish, for example sharks.

The holotype was found in the Kimberley area of northern Western Australia. Fossils from the Gogo Formation are preserved in limestone nodules, so dilute acetic acid is used to dissolve the surrounding limestone and reveal the fossil. These fossils are often preserved in three dimensions with minimal distortion.

The species was named Materpiscis attenboroughi in honour of David Attenborough who first drew attention to the significance of the Gogo fish sites in his 1979 series Life on Earth.

References 

Fossils
Extinct fish
Devonian
Western Australia
Diprotodon was the largest marsupial that ever lived. it existed from about 1.6 million years ago until extinction some 46,000 years ago. So it lived through most of the Pleistocene epoch.

Diprotodon looked like a rhino without a horn. Its feet turned inwards like a wombat’s, giving it a pigeon-toed appearance. It had strong claws on the front feet, so it may have been able to dig up roots to eat. Footprints of its hairy feet have been found, so we know it had fur like a horse rather than being bald like a rhino. Diprotodon is found in sites all over Australia, but not in Tasmania. 

Female skeletons have been found with babies located where the mother's pouch would have been. The largest specimens were hippopotamus-sized: about  from nose to tail, standing  tall at the shoulder and weighing about .

References

Other websites

Australia's lost kingdom on Diprotodon optatum
Regional Council of Goyder page on the genera 
Museum Victoria on the Diprotodontids 
Description of Price's research

Fossils
Marsupials of Australia
Goodison Park is the stadium of the English football club Everton FC and is in the heart of the City of Liverpool. Everton FC is one of the founder members of the football league and holds the record as the longest serving football club in the top tier of English Football. 

Football stadiums in England
Liverpool, Merseyside
WikiLeaks is a non-profit organization which uses its website to publish governmental, private data, corporate or religious documents that had previously been secret. The website was started in 2006, and had over 1.2 million documents in its database by the time one year had passed.  Usually, it does not give out the names and addresses of people who post documents. The site is based in Sweden. Though its name is similar to Wikipedia, it is not related to Wikipedia or the Wikimedia Foundation. The name was chosen because WikiLeaks used a wiki model at first, where people could edit the site, but it has since changed and is no longer open for editing.

History
In July 2010, WikiLeaks was in the news for publishing over 76,900 documents related to the War in Afghanistan. In October that same year, WikiLeaks posted almost 400,000 documents that were about the War in Iraq.

This was the largest ever leak of documents about the US Army. It reported mainly on deaths of civilians, soldiers, and sightings of homemade bombs or armed civilians.

On 28 November 2010, WikiLeaks and five major newspapers - from Spain (El País), France (Le Monde), Germany (Der Spiegel), the United Kingdom (The Guardian), and the United States (The New York Times) - all began to publish the first 291 of 251,287 confidential diplomatic cables from 274 embassies dated from 1966–2010. WikiLeaks plans to release all of the cables in phases over several months.

This leak was widely covered by the international media, as many of the leaks contained information that affected countries other than the United States. Some leaks were published by other news organizations like Fairfax Media.  White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs said that an "open and transparent government is something that the President believes is truly important. But the stealing of classified information and its dissemination is a crime".

In August 2016, WikiLeaks posted more than 20,000 emails from the Democratic National Committee (DNC) that showed they tried to undermine Bernie Sanders.

Related pages
 Cryptography

References

Other websites 

 WikiLeaks Fan Club
 WikiLeaksNews.org (An unofficial WikiLeaks news resource & social network)

Websites established in 2006
Non-profit organizations of Europe
Sweden
Stadium Arcadium is the ninth studio album by American alternative rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers. It was released on May 9, 2006 by record label Warner Bros. Records. It sold 442,000 copies in the U.S. in the first week. It also appeared in the number one position on the Billboard 200 chart. According to Anthony Kiedis, Stadium Arcadium was going to be three different albums that the band would release; one every six months. However, they changed their mind and made one big double album. Critics said in reviews of Stadium Arcadium that the music on it was not very original, and was similar to the band's older work. However, they said it was still very good music. Stadium Arcadium won a Grammy Award, and so did "Dani California", the first single.

References 

2006 albums
Red Hot Chili Peppers albums
iWork is a suite of programs created by Apple Inc., containing Pages, a word processing and desktop publishing program, Keynote, a presentation package and Numbers, a spreadsheet program.

Although iWork is called "a successor to AppleWorks" by Apple, it does not have the functions of AppleWorks's database and drawing tools. Also, it does not compete directly with the Mac version of Microsoft Office, but instead offers tools with a different focus (presentation, rather than analysis) at a lower price. It is made to integrate with other applications from Apple's iLife Suite. Although iLife comes free on every Mac, iWork is sold separately. From February to March 2008, a free 30-day trial of iWork was installed on every new Mac bought during that time, but now the trial must be downloaded from online. It is still given with copies of iLife. It was later sold for $19.99 per app on OS X and $9.99 per app on iOS. In October 2013 Apple announced that all iOS and OS X devices purchased onwards, whether new or refurbished, were eligible for a free download of all three iWork apps. iWork for iCloud, which also incorporates a document hosting service, is free to all holders of an iCloud account. iWork was released as freeware for macOS and iOS in April 2017. In September 2016, Apple announced that the real-time collaboration feature would be available for all iWork apps.

History

iWork '05
iWork '05 was launched on January 11, 2005 and had the new version 2 of Keynote and the first release of Pages. Before it was released, what would become iWork was said to be an add-on, upgrade, or new release of AppleWorks.

iWork '06
On January 10, 2006, Apple introduced iWork '06 at the Macworld Expo in San Francisco, which upgraded Pages to version 2 and Keynote to version 3. New features common to both applications included 3D charts, tables with formula support, reviewer comments, and shaped image masking. The addition of tables with formula support may have been added to quiet rumors of an Apple spreadsheet application. Since iWork's focus is on presentation, Apple gave a way to put most common spreadsheet features into a table while providing only limited additional functionality.

iWork '08 
iWork '08 was announced on August 7, 2007 at a special event at Apple's Cupertino campus. New versions of Pages and Keynote were introduced, as was a new spreadsheet application, Numbers. Despite this, hard disk space requirements were reduced from 1.85 GB in iWork '06 to 690 MB in iWork '08. iWork '08 was the end of AppleWorks which was not sold anymore a week later. iWork 08 drops support for Mac OS X v10.3 'Panther'.

Related pages
Office suite
Keynote (software)

References

IWork
Office suites
Apple software