cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Peter Yates (24 July 1929 – 9 January 2011) was an English movie director and producer. He was born in Aldershot, Hampshire. He was nominated for the Academy Award for the movies Breaking Away and The Dresser. He was also nominated several time for BAFTA Awards. One of his best-known movies is Bullitt (1968), starring Steve McQueen. Yates died in London on 9 January 2011. He was 81 years old.

Films as director

 The Saint (1962) (TV)
 Summer Holiday (1963)
 One Way Pendulum (1964)
 Koroshi (1966) (TV)
 Robbery (1967)
 Bullitt (1968)
 John and Mary (1969)
 Murphy's War (1971)
 The Hot Rock (1972)
 The Friends of Eddie Coyle (1973)
 For Pete's Sake (1974)
 Mother, Jugs & Speed (1976)
 The Deep (1977)
 Breaking Away (1979)
 Eyewitness (1981)
 Krull (1983)
 The Dresser (1983)
 Eleni (1985)
 Suspect (1987)
 The House on Carroll Street (1988)
 An Innocent Man (1989)
 Year of the Comet (1992)
 The Run of the Country (1995)
 Roommates (1995)
 Curtain Call (1998)
 Don Quixote (2000) (TV)
 A Separate Peace (2004) (TV)

References

Other websites
 
 
 

British television directors
English movie directors
English movie producers
People from Hampshire
1929 births
2011 deaths
Robin Hugh Gibb, CBE (22 December 1949 – 20 May 2012) was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, best known as a member of the British-Australian pop The Bee Gees. Gibb gained worldwide fame with his brothers Barry and Maurice Gibb. Their younger brother Andy Gibb was also a singer.

Gibb died of colorectal cancer in London, England.

Other websites

References

1949 births
2012 deaths
English pop singers
English singer-songwriters
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Musicians from Manchester
Twin people from the United Kingdom
The National Museum of Natural History is a natural history museum on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. It is administered by the Smithsonian Institution. Admission is free and the museum is open 364 days a year.

The museum's collections total over 500 million specimens of plants, animals, fossils, minerals, rocks, meteorites, and human cultural artifacts (made objects). With 7.4 million visitors in 2009, it is the most visited of all of the Smithsonian museums. It is home to about 185 professional natural history scientists – the largest group of scientists dedicated to the study of natural and cultural history in the world.

The main building includes a popular "Insect Zoo" and an IMAX theater.

Collections and research 
The museum includes a collections storage facility in Suitland, Maryland. The museum has a marine science research facility in Ft. Pierce, Florida, and field stations in Belize, Alaska, and Kenya. The museum has seven research departments:
Anthropology
Botany
Entomology
Invertebrate zoology
Mineral sciences
Paleobiology
Vertebrate zoology
Amphibia & reptiles
Birds
Fish
Mammals

Staff collect specimens of fossils, minerals, rocks, plants and animals, tools and artworks. There are a total of 5,285,754 on-line specimen records are available from this work, and a total of 126 million individual specimens. Trained people look after these finds, and keep the collections in good condition.

The NMNH claims to have the largest, most comprehensive natural history collection in the world.

Links
The museum has research links with a number of U.S. government agencies, which have staff working with and at the museum. These include the Department of the Interior (U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division), the Department of Agriculture (Systematic Entomology Laboratory), the Department of Commerce (National Marine Fisheries Service Systematics Laboratory), and the Department of Defense (Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit).

References

1910 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in Washington, D.C.
Natural history museums
Smithsonian Institution
James King Arness (May 26, 1923 – June 3, 2011) was an American actor. He was best known for his role in Gunsmoke. He played the character Marshal Matt Dillon. His younger brother was actor Peter Graves.

Early life
Arness was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He dropped the "u" when he started acting. His mother was of German ancestry; his father was of Norwegian ancestry. The family name had been Aursnes, but when Rolf's father, Peter Aursnes, emigrated from Norway in 1887, he changed it to Aurness. Arness and his family were Methodists. He served in the army in Italy during World War II. He received the Bronze Star.

Death
Arness died in Los Angeles at age 88 of natural causes.

Filmography

Movies

The Farmer's Daughter (1947)
Man From Texas (1947)
Roses are Red (1947) - credited as "James Aurness"
Battleground (1949)
Wagon Master (1950)
Sierra (1950) - credited as "Jim Arness"
Two Lost Worlds (1950)
Double Crossbones (1950)
Stars In My Crown (1950)
Wyoming Mail (1950)
Cavalry Scout (1951)
Belle le Grand (1951)
Iron Man (1951)
The Thing from Another World (1951)
The People Against O'Hara (1951)
Carbine Williams (1952)
Hellgate (1952)
The Girl in White (1952)
Big Jim McLain (1952)
Horizons West (1952)
The Lone Hand (1953)

Gun the Man Down (1953)
Island in the Sky (1953)
Veils of Bagdad (1953)
Them! (1954)
Hondo (1954)
Her Twelve Men (1954)
Flame of the Islands (1955)
Many Rivers to Cross (1955)
The Sea Chase (1955)
Gun the Man Down (1956)
The First Traveling Saleslady (1956)
Alias Jesse James (1956), as Marshal Matt Dillon
The Alamo: Thirteen Days to Glory (1987 TV movie), as Jim Bowie
Gunsmoke: Return to Dodge (1987 TV movie)
Red River (1988 TV movie)
Gunsmoke II: The Last Apache (1990 TV movie)
Gunsmoke III: To the Last Man (1992 TV movie)
Gunsmoke IV: The Long Ride (1993 TV movie)
Gunsmoke V: One Man's Justice (1993 TV movie)

Television
The Lone Ranger (1950, 1 episode as Deputy Bud Titus)
Lux Video Theatre, "The Chase" (1954)
Gunsmoke (1955–1975)
Front Row Center (1956)
The Red Skelton Chevy Special (1959)
The Chevrolet Golden Anniversary Show (1961)
A Salute to Television's 25th Anniversary (1972)
The Macahans (1976)
How The West Was Won (1977-1979 TV series)
McClain's Law (1981-1982 TV series)

References

1923 births
2011 deaths
Actors from Minneapolis, Minnesota
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from natural causes
Jason Aldine Williams (born February 28, 1977 in Macon, Georgia) known as Jason Aldean is an American country music singer and guitarist. Aldean has won two CMA awards in 2011 for "Musical Event of the Year" with "Don't You Wanna Stay" featuring Kelly Clarkson and "Album of the Year" for My Kinda Party.

Aldean is married to Jessica Ussery and they were wed on August 4, 2001. He resides with her and their two daughters Keeley and Kendyl in Nashville, Tennessee.

On October 1, 2017, Aldean had just begun performing "When She Says Baby" at the Route 91 Harvest Festival in Las Vegas when Stephen Paddock, a gunman began firing into the crowd from the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino. He fled the scene and was unharmed, but at least 58 people were killed and over five hundred people were injured as a result of the incident.

Albums

Singles
Hicktown" (2005)
2005-Why-#1 US Country
2006-Amarillo Sky
2007-Johnny Cash
2007-Laughed Until We Cried
2008-Relentless
2008-She's Country-#1 US Country
2009-Big Green Tractor-#1 US Country
2009-The Truth-#1 US Country
2010-
2010-Crazy Town
2010-My Kinda Party
2010-Don't You Wanna Stay-#1 US Country
2011-Dirt Road Anthem-#1 US Country
2011-Tattoos On This Town
2012-Fly Over States-#1 US Country 
2012-Take A Little Ride-#1 US Country
2012-The Only Way I Know-#1 US Country
2013-1994
2013-Night Train (song)-#1 US Country
2013-When She Says Baby-#1 US Country
2014-Burnin' It Down-#1 US Country
If I Didn't Love You"  (2021)

References

Other websites

Official website

1977 births
Living people
Singers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Country musicians from Georgia (U.S state)
People from Macon, Georgia
Pope Innocent V (; c. 1225 – June 22, 1276), born Pierre de Tarentaise, was a French cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 186th Pope from January 21 to June 22, 1276.  He was the first Dominican to be elected pope.

Early life
He was born around 1225 in the Tarentaise region of southeastern France.

Dominican
He joined the Dominican Order.  In 1262, he became Provincial of France.

Bishop
Pope Gregory X made Tarentaise Bishop of Lyons in 1272.

Cardinal
In 1273, Gregory X raised Tarentaise to the rank of Cardinal of Ostia.

Pope
Cardinal Tarentaise was elected on January 21, 1276.  He chose the name Innocent V.

He was pope for only a five months.

After his death 
In 1898, Innocent V  was beatified.

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Other websites 
 
 
 
  Catholic Hierarchy,  Popes in sequence
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Tarentaise

French popes
1220s births
1276 deaths
Beatified people
is a Japanese prefecture in the Chūgoku region of the island of Honshū. The capital city is Okayama.

History 
During the Meiji Restoration, the area of Okayama Prefecture was known as Bitchū Province, Bizen Province and Mimasaka Province.

Geography 
Okayama Prefecture borders Hyōgo Prefecture its the west, Tottori Prefecture on its north and Hiroshima Prefecture on its east. It faces Kagawa Prefecture in Shikoku to the west across the Seto Inland Sea. The prefecture includes 90 islands.

Cities
There are 15 cities in Okayama Prefecture:
Akaiwa
Asakuchi
Bizen
Ibara
Kurashiki
Maniwa
Mimasaka
Niimi
Okayama (capital)
Setouchi
Sōja
Takahashi
Tamano
Tsuyama

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 11% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
Kibitsuhiko jinja and Kibitsu jinja are the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Fagiano Okayama
 Okayama Prefectural Museum

References

Other websites 

 http://www.pref.okayama.jp/kikaku/kokusai/momo/e/ ;  
 Official tourism site
Crab rangoon are deep-fried dumplings.  They are served in American Chinese restaurants.  They are stuffed with a combination of cream cheese, lightly flaked crab meat with scallions and/or garlic. These fillings are then wrapped in Chinese wonton wrappers.  They are then deep fried in vegetable oil.

In the Pacific Northwest states of America crab rangoon are also known as crab puffs. National crab rangoon day is october 2nd.

Seafood dishes
"Stereo Love" is a 2008 song recorded by Romanian musician Edward Maya featuring Vika Jigulina, released as his first single in late 2009 from his album The Stereo Love Show. The refrain is from "Bayatılar", composed by Azerbaijani musician Eldar Mansurov. It became a worldwide hit in Nightclubs and rose to the top of Romanian, French, Dutch, Turkish, Finnish, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish, and Irish singles charts.

The song and the music video were both included on the compilation NRJ Music Awards 2010. The music video was filmed in Greece, as Edward Maya stated in an interview that Greece "was a place that I fell in love with". In 2011, the song was awarded as top dance song at the Billboard Music Awards.

References 

2010 songs
Bechyně is a South Bohemian town in the Czech Republic. It lies 19 km southwest of Tabor in the forested landscape at the confluence of rivers Lužnice and stream Smutná. Bechyně was founded by Jan Lucemburský around the year 1323. Town now has about 6,000 inhabitants and is especially famous for spas and the production of ceramics. Well-preserved historic town centre is one of the most valuable urban conservation areas in the country since 1990.

Points of Interest

Castle Bechyně
In the 16th century, it had Peter Vok of Rožmberk rebuild from Gothic castle in representative Renaissance castle, where he later (in 1580) married Catherine of Ludanice.  During the summer season the castle is open to the public and guided exposures and serves as place for many of cultural events.

Monastery Virgin Mary Assumption Church
Church dominating the rock above the river Lužnice, was established in 1491, the original Augustinian monastery functioned here from first half of the 14th century. Part of the area is also a monastery garden with pleasant seating and beautiful views of the valley Lužnice.

Church of St. Matthew
Main dominant of Masaryk square. The church was founded between 13th and 14th century and gained current appearance after reconstruction in 1740. The tower of the church is open to the public in summer and provides views over the town.

“Bechyně rainbow”
"Bechyně rainbow" is a reinforced concrete arched bridge that was designed by Eduard Viktor. It was completed on 28 October 1928. "Bechyně rainbow" was the highest reinforced concrete arch bridge in the former Czechoslovakia, the height above the river 50 m, 90 m span arch and length 203.38 m. The bridge is used for road and rail transport and for walk as well. This bridge has become an icon of the town and was used in the official town logo.

Historic railroad Bechyně–Tábor
The railway route from Tábor to Bechyně was built as the first electrified railway in Austria Hungary, completed in 1903. The track originally ended before Bechyně at the old station. After completion of the bridge “Bechyně rainbow” was in 1928 extended up to the town.

References

Towns in the Czech Republic
14th-century establishments in Europe
Ratibořské Hory is a village and municipality. It is in the Tábor District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.

The municipality is . As of 2 October 2006, there were 747 people living there.

Description
Village Ratibořské Hory is 9 miles northeast of Tabor in the direction of Kutna Hora.

The village currently has about 740 inhabitants and consists of five parts - Ratibořské Hory, Vresce, Dub, Podoli and Ratiborice. There already begins Moravian Highlands with the occurrence of minerals and ores containing silver.

In 1526 King Louis Jagelonsky granted brothers Medencum of Ratiborice and Podoli right to extract minerals in a half miles in circumference around Ratiborice. The king reserved the preferential right to purchase precious metals, gold and lot for two stacks and talent of silver for three and a half stack.

This privilege started extensive mining activity area Ratiborice, which enriched the local landscape of picturesque islands heaps especially with forest vegetation. It is these heaps, vivid evidence of mining, are a wonderful adornment of the landscape, we can observe the dominant height, from Adam's Hill, whose summit is at an altitude of 611 meters, or from the top of the loaf, which is above the natural park Polanka and its altitude is 666 m.

Through this cycle, called the results "silver eight" that showcases the very beautiful natural scenery with twelve ponds that are surrounded by meadow vegetation in protected plants - such as "Menyanthes trifoliata" which is an herb that has known its share in it drink, which has a great success both at home and abroad and is known for Becherovka.
From cultural attractions dominate renovated churches St. Bartholomew in Ratiborice and St. Adalbert in Ratiborske Hory.

The development of the municipality contributes to school, post office, health center, public library, grocery store and last but not least, the local association Sokol, volunteer firefighters, SK Ratiborske Hory and hunting associations.

Tourists, who can also use the regular bus lines from the district town, offering a pleasant rest and two restaurants on the square of  Ratiborske Hory.

History
The town Ratibořské Hory (Bergstadtl), founded four hundred eighty years ago in the northeast of Tabor, was for several centuries dependent on mining.
The boom in mining caused a much greater concentration of population in Ratibořské Hory than the corresponding options of agricultural production in the town and its surroundings.

Fundamental change in character fit in well with the renewal of mining in the district of  Ratiborice sometime early 16 century. Already from 1515, was preserved record of the smelting of silver ore from Ratiborice and Vresce in Rosenberg's steelworks in the Czech Krumlov. The Rosenbergs invested in these mines large amounts of money, called the new professionals who are in Ratibořice Mountains focused primarily on large construction pit the Three Kings. At that time Ratibořské Hory with the surroundings at the peak of its prosperity, which was mined today in nearly all known mines.

Villages in the Czech Republic
Canoe racing is a water sport. The sport normally takes place on water that is moving very slowly or not moving at all. The goal of the sport is to move the canoe a given distance in the shortest time. This sport is an Olympic event. At one time, wooden boats were used for racing. Over time, people started using boats made of carbon fibers. These boats are lighter and tougher than wooden boats.

Classes
There are two main types of races. These are canoe (C1, C2, C4) and kayak (K1, K2, K4). The number tells how many people are on the boat. In a kayak, a person sits. In a canoe, a person kneels on one knee. A kayak has a rudder. It is used to steer the boat. A canoeist (person who uses a canoe) uses the paddle to move the boat. This is done by moving the paddle from the bow to the stern (front to back). After each race, the boats are looked at to make certain they are legal. If a boat does not have enough weight, the racer is disqualified and cannot win the race.

Races
Races are divided into several groups based on how long they are.

Short distance
In short distance races, the races are either 200 m, 500 m or 1000 m long. The path of the race is laid out using buoys. Each person has a separate path to follow from the starting line to the finish. On longer races, there may be a point where the paths cross each other to let the person turn their boat.

Long distance and marathon
Long distance races are 5000 m long. Marathon races are at least 15 km. Men's marathon has a minimum length of 20 km. Women's marathon has a minimum of 15 km. Most major races are 30 km or longer. There is no maximum distance for marathon races. There is a marathon race that is about 1000 km long on in the Yukon. The longer races are usually broken up into several parts and may be raced over several days. In long distance and marathon races, all racers start at the same time. They do not use intervals where the racers are started at different times.

Water sports
Boat racing
A cardinal-nephew (; ;) was a pope's relative -- a nephew -- who was raised to the rank of cardinal.  The practice of creating cardinal-nephews originated in the Middle Ages.

Cardinal-nephew was an office in the Curia of the Roman Catholic Church before 1692.  After the death of the reigning pope, the office of cardinal-nephew was vacated. 

The pope's cardinal-nephew was his chief assistant and confident.  The man in this role was expected to act as if he were a relative of the pope; and sometimes -- often, he was in fact a member of the pope's extended family.  

After 1692, this office was banned by Pope Innocent XII in Romanum decet pontificem. 

This role and function is now filled by the Vatican's Secretary of State.

List of cardinal-nephews 
Notable cardinal-nephews include many who would later become popes:

Gregory IX
 Alexander IV
 Adrian V
 Gregory XI
 Boniface IX
 Innocent VII
 Eugene IV
 Paul II
 Alexander VI
 Pius III
 Julius II
 Leo X
 Clement VII
 Benedict XIII
 Pius VII

References

Religion-related lists
The 1981 Irish Hunger Strike was a hunger protest in Northern Ireland by Irish republican prisoners during the Troubles. During the protest, seven prisoners from the Provisional Irish Republican Army and three from the Irish National Liberation Army starved themselves to death in the hunger strike. The first to die, Bobby Sands, was elected as a Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom during his hunger strike.

Deaths 
By the end of the protest 10 prisoners had died. Their names, paramilitary affiliation, dates of death, and length of hunger strike are as follows: 

1981 in the United Kingdom
1980s in Northern Ireland
Deaths from starvation
Protests in the 20th century
Provisional Irish Republican Army
Suicides in the United Kingdom
The uncanny valley is a psychological theory about the effect involving art and robots and human emotions. As something starts to look more human-like, there is a point at which people start to feel it looks wrong. At this point, they have negative feelings toward the object. These feelings keep getting worse as the object is made to look more human-like. At a certain point, as the object starts to get very close to looking human-like, how people feel towards it tend to reverse and they have more positive emotional feelings towards it. The theory was created by the robotics professor Masahiro Mori in 1970.

One of the main points of the theory to explain this is that people are not as affected in an emotional way by the object if it is easy to tell it is not human. After a certain point, people start to feel emotionally about it, but feel negatively because it is so nonhuman. As it gets closer to looking human, they start to feel more positive emotions towards it. A graph of these feeling shows a valley. This is part of the reason for the naming of the theory.

psychology
Robots
Martin James Landau (June 20, 1928 – July 15, 2017) was an American actor. Landau won an Academy Award for his portrayal of Bela Lugosi in Ed Wood directed by Tim Burton.

Career 
Martin Landau was of Jewish descent. When Landau was a teenager, he was hired by The New York Daily News as a cartoonist.

Landau started acting in small roles in films and television shows such as The Goldbergs (1953) and Armstrong Circle Theatre (1956). His first major role was in the Alfred Hitchcock movie North by Northwest (1959) with Cary Grant. In 1966 he got the role of master of disguise Rollin Hand in the TV series Mission Impossible, along with his wife, Barbara Bain. He played that role for three years and earned a Golden Globe Award in 1968. 

In 1975, Landau was hired for the British sci fi TV series Space: 1999, where he played Commander John Koenig. Barbara Bain was also in that series. Then Landau starred in movies such as Meteor (1979) with Sean Connery and The Fall of the House of Usher (1979) where he played Roderick Usher. In 1982 he returned to play an unbalanced character in Alone in the Dark, directed by Jack Sholder and starring Jack Palance and Donald Pleasence. In 1988, Landau was nominated for an Academy Award for his supporting role in Tucker: The Man and His Dream directed by Francis Ford Coppola, and then Crimes and Misdemeanors (1989) by Woody Allen. 

He also won a Golden Globe for his role in Tucker: The Man and His Dream. In 1994, Martin Landau got a role in Ed Wood with Johnny Depp and directed by Tim Burton. In that movie, he played Bela Lugosi. He won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe in 1995 for that.

Landau appeared in TV series In Plain Sight (2009), The Simpsons (2011) and in the movies Ivory (2010) and Mysteria (2011).

Death
Landau died at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California on July 15, 2017 at the age of 89. The cause of death was hypovolemia shock caused by atherosclerosis and gastrointestinal bleeding.

References

More reading
 Conversations with great teachers by Bill Smoot
 Horror films of the 1980s by John Kenneth Muir

Other websites

 

1928 births
2017 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Brooklyn
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American cartoonists
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Jewish American actors
Saturn Award winners
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Deaths from sepsis
Deaths from gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Military personnel of the Korean War
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Deaths from atherosclerosis
Nina Aigner (born 20 June 1980 in Antiesenhofen, Austria) is a former Austrian football player. She played as striker and finished her career after the 2010/11 season. Her last team was FC Bayern München. Nina Aigner was also a talented tennis player and played at the age of 15 un the U16 team world championship where she won the bronce medal.

Career
She started playing football for the SV Peterskirchen. 1998 she went on to Union Kleinmünchen Linz and won this season her first title in the ÖFB-Frauenliga. The next two seasons she played for Union Landhaus Vienna. She won twice the double with this club.

2001 she went to FC Bayern München and played her first match versus  SC Freiburg. There she shot her first goal. The last match was on  20 February 2011. With end of the season she finished her career. In 176 matches for München she scored 107 goals. In her career she shot 221 goals in 241 matches. During her time with Bayern she made a degree in sport marketing (2007)

For the Austrian football national team she played 29 matches and shot 7 goals.

References

Other websites
Players profile Weltfußball.de (German)
FC Bayern München-Frauenfußball:Statistik Nina Aigner

Austrian footballers
Austrian women's footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
1980 births
Living people
Mariel Hemingway (b. November 22, 1961) is an American actress and writer. She starred in many television programs and in movies. She is the granddaughter of writer Ernest Hemingway.

Career 
Hemingway's first role was with her sister Margaux in the movie Lipstick (1976). The movie was not considered especially good, but Mariel received notice for her acting.  She was nominated as "Best Newcomer" for the Golden Globes Award that year.

Hemingway's most famous role was in Woody Allen's Manhattan.  It was a romantic comedy in which she plays Tracy, a high school student and Allen's lover. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

In Personal Best (1982), she played a bisexual track and field athlete. The movie was noted for some explicit (by mainstream standards) lesbian love scenes. In connection with Personal Best, she appeared in a pictorial in the April 1982 issue of Playboy and was also on the cover.

She starred as Dorothy Stratten in Star 80 (1983), a movie about the Playboy model's life and murder. Reports circulated for years that Hemingway had had her breasts enlarged to play the role of Stratten. During a 2007 appearance on the late-night talk and variety show, Fashionably Late with Stacy London, she said she had the surgery before Star 80. Her breast implants were removed years later after they had ruptured.

Hemingway has played a lesbian or bisexual woman in several movies and television shows, including, Personal Best, The Sex Monster, In Her Line of Fire, and episodes of the TV series "Roseanne" and Crossing Jordan. Hemingway, however, is not gay. She has said she formed a "big connection with the gay-and-lesbian community" after Personal Best and enjoys taking roles in "cutting-edge" productions.

Hemingway has a perfume, "Mariel", by H2O+.

She is the host of Spiritual Cinema, a monthly television show dedicated to spiritual movies. She has begun hosting a series of yoga practice videos Yoga Now, with guru Rodney Yee.

Personal life 
In December 2008, Hemingway said through her web site's blog that she had separated from her husband earlier in the year. Hemingway had been married since December 9, 1984 to Stephen Crisman.  They had two daughters together: model Dree Hemingway (born 1987) and Langley Fox Hemingway (born 1989).  As of early 2011, Hemingway is romantically involved with Bobby Williams.

Bibliography 
Mariel Hemingway is the author of:

Filmography

References 

American television actors
American movie actors
Writers from California
Actors from Marin County, California
1961 births
Living people
David Bruce Cassidy (April 12, 1950 – November 21, 2017) was an American singer, actor, songwriter and guitarist. He had many hit songs between the 1970s and the 2000s. He played Keith Partridge in the television sitcom The Partridge Family in the 1970s.  Cassidy was one of the contestants on Celebrity Apprentice 2011.

Personal life
Cassidy was born in New York City. His parents were actor Jack Cassidy (1927-1976) and actress Evelyn Ward (1923-2012). He grew up in West Orange, New Jersey and Beverly Hills, California.

Cassidy announced on February 20, 2017, that he was suffering from dementia.

Death
On November 18, 2017, it was announced that Cassidy has been hospitalized in Fort Lauderdale, Florida with multiple organ failure. He was in critical condition and was placed in a medically induced coma. Two days later, Cassidy was out of the coma and was waiting for a liver transplant. Cassidy died on November 21, 2017, aged 67.

References

Other websites 

1950 births
2017 deaths
Actors from Beverly Hills, California
Actors from Manhattan
Actors from New Jersey
American guitarists
American movie actors
American pop musicians
American stage actors
American television actors
American television producers
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Disease-related deaths in Florida
Musicians from California
Musicians from Manhattan
Musicians from New Jersey
Singers from California
Singers from New Jersey
Singers from New York City
Tropical Storm Lee was the 12th named storm of the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season. Lee was responsible for 21 deaths and property damage in total was in excess of $2 billion. The storm affected areas from Louisiana and Texas to Pennsylvania and New York.

References

Atlantic tropical storms
2011 in weather
2010s in Louisiana
2010s in Texas
2010s in Pennsylvania
2011 in New York (state)
Hurricanes in Louisiana
Digital Electronics is a type of electronics. These make use of "boolean logic" and "discrete signal electronics" for electronics, devices, and equipment. 

Examples of such devices are computers, information appliances, digital cameras, digital televisions, flash memory, key USB memory, mobile phones, hard disks, and devices of computer memory. Digital signal processing works on analog signals after they have been converted to digital form.

Digital circuits 
Digital electronics is a branch of electronics concerning digital circuits which  apply boolean logic  which are represented by electronic logic gates. True and false are represented by different binary values with 0 volts for true and 5 volts for false. Digital circuits are less vulnerable to noise but consume a lot of energy. Digital circuits were invented in the twentieth century and is the foundation for digital communications and computers.

 
Electronics
A semi-trailer truck, also known as a semi, tractor-trailer, big rig, eighteen-wheeler, or (in the United Kingdom and Ireland) articulated lorry or artic is a vehicle that has a towing tractor and a semi-trailer that carries the freight.  They use diesel fuel.

Layout 

A semi-tractor has no body and does not carry any cargo on it. The front of a semi-trailer is put on it. Only the rear of the trailers have wheels, so the tractor pulls the trailer and carries the front part of the trailer's weight.

The tractor and driver cost as much as a truck, but the trailers don't cost very much. You can have more trailers than tractors and the tractors can change trailers easily. The tractor and driver do not have to wait to be loaded or unloaded, they can change trailers. They can also pull different kinds of trailers, any type that is needed at the time.

Country differences  
All countries have different laws for semi-trucks. The biggest difference between the EU, UK, and US is the length of the semi-truck. Most weigh about the same (US trucks weigh a little less than EU and UK trucks). Most are about the same width and height. In large countries truck s can be longer. They can have a larger cargo space. Longer semi-tractors drive better at faster speeds. Most US trucks are "convential" (bonneted in UK) with the engine under a hood in front of the cab. In the US shorter trucks weigh less. The weight has to be spread out over a long length. This is important on bridges. With long semi-trucks not as many trucks fit on the bridge and the weight of the axles are far apart. This length is important in the US.

In the UK and EU roads are smaller and turn more. Trucks have to be shorter. Most are cab-over-engine models (COE). The driver sits over the engine and the front of the cab is flat. Shorter trucks can weigh more. Trailers can have three axles under the load, and short semi-tractors with two axles. These have the same weight and number of axles as a long semi-truck. They take up less space and can turn better.

Different countries drive on different sides of the road. This is named for the side the driver sits on.  The UK is the main right-hand drive (RHD) country. Most countries that were British colonies are RHD. The EU and most other countries are LHD. The US was British but is LHD. Canada (next to the US) is LHD. When you are building a truck LHD or RHD is not important. Australia builds US type Mack and International trucks with RHD.

Trailer types 
Semi-trailers can be the same types as trucks. Because they don't cost as much as a truck they can also be special types. Shipping containers are large and heavy. In some countries special laws cover them. Skeleton frame trailers are built to carry them. Long semi-trailers are used for logs. In the UK and EU some logs are smaller. The trailers are 2 or 3 logs long. They have a crane to load them. In the US "lowboys" (the load is just above the road) carry large construction machines. Special trailers can be built for very big loads. Australia "road-trains" can pull 4 trailers.

References 

Trucks
Pope Innocent VI (; c. 1282 – September 12, 1362), born Étienne Aubert, was a French cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 200th Pope from December 18, 1352 until his death in 1362.

He was the fifth of the seven popes who lived in Avignon in France.

Early life 
Étienne Aubert was born in the hamlet of Les Monts, which is today part of the commune of Beyssac in the Corrèze department of France.  He was the son of Adhemar Aubert (1260-?), seigneur de Montel-De-Gelas in Limousin.

Bishop
Aubert was made the Bishop of Noyon in 1338; and he became the Bishop of Clermont in 1340.

Cardinal
In 1342, he was raised to the position of cardinal.

Pope
Cardinal Aubert was elected pope on December 18, 1352. He chose to be called Innocent VI.

Pope Innocent was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

Papal actions
 1358 – Permitted Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor to be crowned in Rome.
 1360 Broker in negotiation of Treaty of Bretigny between England and France.

After his death
The tomb of Innocent VI is at the Carthusian monastery of Villeneuve-les-Avignon.

Related pages 
 List of popes
 Avignon Papacy

References

Other websites 

 
  Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Innocent VI
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Aubert

French popes
1280s births
1362 deaths
A broker is a middleman who brings others together to bargain, or bargains for them.

A broker is someone who helps arranges transactions between two parties.

The broker is sometimes a mediator between a buyer and a seller.  The broker sometimes gets a commission when the deal is completed. 

A broker who also acts as a seller or as a buyer becomes a principal party to the deal. 

A broker is different than an agent: one who acts on behalf of a principal.

Types of brokers

 Aircraft broker
 Auto broker
 Broker-dealer
 Brokerage firm
 Business broker
 Commodity broker
 Customs broker
 Information broker
 Insurance broker
 Investment broker
 Joint venture broker
 Leasing broker
 List broker
 Marriage broker
 Mortgage broker
 Options broker
 Power broker (term)
 Prime broker
 Real estate broker
 Retail broker
 Ship broker
 Sponsorship broker
 Stockbroker
 Office broker
 Serviced office broker
 Website Broker

References

Occupations
The University of Göttingen (), known informally as Georgia Augusta, is a university in the city of Göttingen, Germany.

King George II of Great Britain and the Elector of Hanover founded the school in 1734. It opened for classes in 1737. The University of Göttingen soon grew in size and popularity. Göttingen is a historic university city, with a high student and faculty population.

The University of Göttingen is one of the highest-ranked universities in Germany. It is associated with 45 Nobel laureates.

References

Other websites

 The University of Göttingen – home page
 The "Göttingen Nobel prize wonder"; the 44 Nobel prize laureates affiliated with Göttingen
 Shame at Göttingen, detailing the 1933 purge.

Gottingen
Lower Saxony
Beloit is a city in southern Wisconsin near the Illinois border just north of Rockford, Illinois. The city has two colleges: Blackhawk Technical College and Beloit College.

Beloit is located on the north side of the border between Wisconsin and Illinois.

Other websites
 https://www.beloitwi.gov/

References

Cities in Wisconsin
Rosetta was an ESA space probe.  It went on a mission to study the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.  The Rosetta mission had two parts: the Rosetta space probe and the Philae lander.  The spacecraft was launched on 2 March 2004 by an Ariane 5 rocket.  On 12 November 2014 Philae landed but soon lost electrical power and radio contact.  Rosetta continued to examine the comet from orbit until 30 September 2016 when it landed.

References

ESA spacecraft
Kim Basinger (born 8 December 1953) is an American actress and model. She has been in many movies from the 1970s onwards. Basinger was born in Athens, Georgia. She is of English, Scottish, Swedish, Irish and Native American ancestry. Her roles include: Never Say Never Again, The Natural, 9 1/2 Weeks, My Stepmother Is an Alien, Batman, The War of the Roses, L.A. Confidential, 8 Mile and Cellular.

References

Other websites 

1953 births
Living people
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
Actresses who played Bond girls
Models from Georgia (U.S. state)
American movie actors
American television actors
The Azerbaijani Armed Forces () is the military  of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

The armed forces have three branches: the Azerbaijani Land Force, the Azerbaijani Air Force, and the Azerbaijani Navy. Related forces which are not part of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, include the paramilitary Azerbaijani National Guard, the Internal Troops of Azerbaijan, and the State Border Service of Azerbaijan (who patrol Azerbaijan’s borders with Georgia, Russia, Iran, Turkey and Armenia), which can be involved in state defense.

The Commander-in-Chief of the military is the President of Azerbaijan, currently Ilham Aliyev. The Ministry of Defense is in charge of political leadership. It is currently headed by Safar Abiyev. Military command is in the hands of the General Staff, headed by the Chief of Staff, who is Colonel-General Najmaddin Sadigov.  

Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan has been trying to further develop its armed forces into a professional, well trained, and mobile military. Based on 2007 statistics the country has about 66,940 troops, and a paramilitary force of 15,000 troops. There are 300,000 former service personnel who have had military service in the last fifteen years. 

Azerbaijan had actually established the Azerbaijani Armed Forces and a Ministry of Defense on June 26, 1918 with the first independence of Azerbaijan, as the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, after the collpase of the Russian Empire in 1918 until it was invaded and annexed by the Soviet Union in 1920 which came after the Russian Empire. The Azerbaijani Armed Forces and the Ministry of Defense were established again in 1991 with the second and final independence of Azerbaijan, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the Azerbaijani Armed Forces were formed out of the former Soviet forces in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic.

Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Land Force
Azerbaijani Air Force
Azerbaijani Navy
Azerbaijani National Guard
Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
State Border Service of Azerbaijan
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

References

Other websites

Official site of Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan Republic
Azerbaijani Army being reformed according to NATO standards
U.S. Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, Transformation of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, October 2008
Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier program
The Azerbaijani Land Force () is the army of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces which is the military  of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan has been trying to further develop its armed forces into a professional, well trained, and mobile military. Based on 2007 statistics the country has about 56,840 ground force (land) troops, and a paramilitary force of 15,000 troops. There are 300,000 former service personnel who have had military service in the last fifteen years. 

In wartime, the Army proper could call the support of the paramilitary Azerbaijani National Guard, the Internal Troops of Azerbaijan, and the State Border Service of Azerbaijan (who patrol Azerbaijan's borders with Georgia, Russia, Iran, Turkey and Armenia), which can be involved in state defense. The exact wartime command structure is unknown.

Azerbaijan has also sent soldiers to be trained in Turkey, Russia and Israel over the past years, and these countries also sell weapons to Azerbaijan, among many countries. Since the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War, Azerbaijan has made the army boost the defense of the country and possibly retake its separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh from neighboring enemy Armenia which invaded it, but is legally a part of Azerbaijan.

Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijani Air Force
Azerbaijani Navy
Azerbaijani National Guard
Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
State Border Service of Azerbaijan
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

References

Other websites

Official site of Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan Republic
Azerbaijani Army being reformed according to NATO standards
U.S. Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, Transformation of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, October 2008
Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier program

Land Force
The Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force often called the Azerbaijani Air Force () is the air force and air defence force of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces.

The origin of the current organization goes back to June 26, 1918, when the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic which became independent in 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, bought its first fighter aircraft. After the second independence of Azerbaijan in 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the presence of former Soviet air bases in Azerbaijan helped the Air and Air Defence Force develop.

Current organization
The Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force has about 600 aircraft and 350 helicopters, and 7,900 personnel. There are Soviet-made MiG-21s, MiG-23s, Su-24s and Su-25s, as well as fourth generation MiG-29s bought from Ukraine in 2006 and Soviet-made Il-76s. Azerbaijan is holding talks with either China or Pakistan to buy JF-17 Thunder aircraft. The MiG-29 has been chosen as the standard aircraft for the Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force.

Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijani Land Force
Azerbaijani Navy
Azerbaijani National Guard
Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
State Border Service of Azerbaijan

Other websites

Official site of Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan Republic
Azerbaijani Army being reformed according to NATO standards
U.S. Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, Transformation of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, October 2008
Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier program

References

Other websites
 Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force • Azərbaycan Hərbi Hava Qüvvələri

Air Force
Air forces
The Azerbaijan Navy () is the navy of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces operating in the Caspian Sea.

The origin of the current organization goes back to June 26, 1918, when the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic which became independent in 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, formed its first navy. After the second independence of Azerbaijan in 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Azerbaijani Navy was formed out of the former Soviet Navy in the Azerbaijani SSR.

Strength
The navy has about 5,000 military personnel in sixteen units. These include the Caspian Sea fleet and a border coast guard. The fleet is made up of 1 Petya class frigate, 2 OSA-II-Class and 5 Stenka Class patrol boats, 2 Sonya Class and 5 Yevgenya Class minesweepers (for removing mines), 6 landing craft (ships that can land on the coast), 2 landing cutters (patrol boats that can land on the coast), 1 special purposes warship and 1 special purposes cutter.

Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijani Land Force
Azerbaijani Air Force
Azerbaijani National Guard
Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
State Border Service of Azerbaijan

Other websites

Official site of Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan Republic
Azerbaijani Army being reformed according to NATO standards
U.S. Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, Transformation of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, October 2008
Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier program

Navy
Navies
Jane was a German rock band. The band formed in October 1970 in Hanover. In 1973, their album Here We Are was very popular.

Discography

Vinyl
 Together (1972)
 Here we are (1973)
 Jane III (1974)
 Lady (1975)
 Fire, Water, Earth and Air (1976)
 Live at Home (1976)
 Between Heaven and Hell (1977)
 Age of Madness (1978)
 Sign No. 9 (1979)
 Jane (Mask) (1980)
 Germania (1981)
 Warlock Rock Ballet soundtrack (feat. Lady Jane) (1983)
 Beautiful Lady (1986)
 Live '88 (1989)
 Live '89 (1990)

CDs
 Together (1990)
 Here we are (1997)
 Jane III (1997)
 Lady (1997)
 Fire, Water, Earth and Air (1990)
 Live at home (1992)
 Between Heaven and Hell (1997)
 Age of madness (1997)
 Sign No. 9 (1997)
 Jane (Maske) (1997)
 Germania (1997)
 Beautiful Lady (1993)
 Live '89 (1990)
 Resurrection (Pano's Jane) (1996)
 Comes alive (Klaus Hess/Mother Jane) (2000)
 Back again (Lady Jane) (2000)
 Genuine (2002)
 Live 2002 (Peter Panka's Jane) (2002)
 Shine On (Peter Panka's Jane) (2003)
 Voices (Peter Panka's Jane) (2006)
 Live At META's (Peter Panka's Jane) (2007)
 Tribute to Peter Panka (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2008)
 Proceed with Memories (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2009)
 In Dreams (Klaus Hess' Jane a.k.a. Mother Jane) (2009)
 Traces (Peter Panka's Jane) (2009)
 Hungry4Live (Klaus Hess' Jane a.k.a. Mother Jane) (2010)
 Hungry4Live part 2 (Klaus Hess' Jane a.k.a. Mother Jane) (2010)
 The Journey - Best of Jane '70-'80 (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2010)
 Eternity (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2011)
 Kuxan Suum (Peter Panka's Jane) (2011)

Singles
 Daytime (1972)
 Here we are (1973)
 Bambule Rock (1974)
 Age of madness (1978)
 Love Song (1978)
 Beautiful lady (Maxi-Single) (1986)
 Together we stand (Mother Jane) (1998)

Compilations
 Waiting for the sunshine (1979)
 Rock on brain (2 LP) (1980)

DVD
Krautrock Meeting (2005)Jane - Live 2002 Hannover (2005)
Jane - Tribute To Peter Panka (2008)Phoenix (2008)
Jane - Inside - (The Cave - Concert) (2010)Jane - Live 2010 / Fernsehkonzert 2010 (2010)
Jane - Eternity (2011)Jane - Visual Impressions (2011)
''Jane - Live at home again - Hannover 2011 (2011)

Other websites 
Overview of Jane on AllMusic
  Jane (PP's Jane), official site
  Mother Jane a.k.a. Klaus Hess' Jane, official site
   Jane (WN's Jane), official site

1970s establishments in Germany
1970s German music groups
1980s German music groups
1990s German music groups
2000s German music groups
German rock bands
Hanover
Musical groups established in 1970