cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Timothy Leif "T. J." Oshie, Jr. (born December 23, 1986 in Mount Vernon, Washington) is an American professional ice hockey center and right winger that currently plays for the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted by the St. Louis Blues with the 24th overall pick in the 2005 NHL Draft.

He played ice hockey in college at University of North Dakota with the Fighting Sioux.

References

Other websites
T. J. Oshie's Official website 
 
 

1986 births
Living people
American ice hockey players
Sportspeople from Washington
St. Louis Blues players
Washington Capitals players
United States Hockey League players
Ice hockey centres
In states that are Commonwealth Realms a Royal Commission is a major government public inquiry into an important issue.  They have been held in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Kenya and Saudi Arabia.  In Hong Kong, Ireland and South Africa, they are called a Commission of Enquiry or Commission of Inquiry.

A Royal Commissioner has a lot of power, more than those of a judge but these are limited to the "Terms of Reference" of the Commission. The Commission is created by the Head of State (the Sovereign, or his/her representative in the form of a Governor-General or Governor) on the advice of the Government. In practice–unlike other forms of inquiry–once a Commission has started the government cannot stop it. Because of this governments are usually very careful about framing the Terms of Reference and generally include in them a date by which the commission must finish.

Royal Commissions are called to look into very important matters and usually controversy. For example, these can be about government structure, the treatment of minorities, or the events that had received concern from the public or economic questions.

Many Royal Commissions last many years and, often, a different government is left to respond to the findings. In Australia–and particularly New South Wales–Royal Commissions have been investigations into police and government corruption and organised crime. They have used the powers of the Royal Commissioner to force  powerful, but corrupt, public officials to tell the truth.

Royal Commissions are usually run by one or more notable figures. Because of their legal powers the Commissioners are often retired senior judges.

Royal Commissions usually research issues, consult with experts both within and outside of government and the public as well. They can call witnesses under oath, offer indemnities, seize documents and other evidence (sometimes including those normally protected, such as classified information), holding hearings in camera, and can force all government officials to help the Commission. 

The results of Royal Commissions are published in, often, massive reports of findings containing policy recommendations. They often have long and complex names, for example, the "Royal commission into whether there has been corrupt or criminal conduct by any Western Australian Police Officer". Because of this they are commonly known by the name of the main Commissioner.  These reports are often quite important, with the government making some or all recommendations into law. The work of some Commissions have been almost completely ignored by the government. In other cases, where the Commissioner has not kept to the terms of reference, the commission has been stopped by a superior court.

Government
Frank Heller was the pen name of a Swedish writer. His real name was Gunnar Serner. He lived from July 20, 1886 - October 14, 1947. He wrote a series of light novels. His books were about suspicious international business. Heller created the character Philip Collin in most popular books. Collin who was a detective and a thief. Collin also used the name Professor Pelotard.

Bibliography
 The Emperor's Old Clothes, 1923 New York
 The Marriage of Yussuf Khan, Crowell New York 1923, Hutchinson & Co London 1924
 The Chinese Coats, London 1924
 The Grand Duke's Finances
 The Perilous Transactions of Mr. Collin, 1924
 The London Adventures of Mr. Collin, 1923
 Mr. Collin is Ruined, 1925
 The Strange Adventures of Mr. Collin, Crowell New York 1926
 The Thousand and Second Night, An Arabesque. Williams & Norgate, London, 1926
 Lead Me into Temptation, Crowell New York 1927
 Twilight of the Gladiators, 1944

F. W. Murnau made a film called The Grand Duke's Finances (German: Die Finanzen des Großherzogs) that was  based on of Heller's novel with the same name.

Other websites 

Swedish novelists
1886 births
1947 deaths
A nova (plural novae or novas) is a huge nuclear explosion on a white dwarf star. It causes a sudden brightening of the star.

Novae are not to be confused with other brightening phenomena such as supernovae. Novae occur on the surface of a white dwarf in a binary system. If the two stars of the system are close enough, material is pulled from the companion star's surface onto the white dwarf. This collection of hydrogen onto the surface of the star starts a runaway fusion reaction.

In spite of their violence, the amount of material ejected in novae is usually only about 1⁄10,000 of a solar mass, quite small relative to the mass of the white dwarf. Only five percent of the accreted mass is fused during the power outburst.  This is enough energy to make nova ejecta to go outward as fast as several thousand kilometers per second—higher for some novae than others.  The star also brightens, from a few times solar to 50,000–100,000 times solar.  In 2010 scientists using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope were surprised to discover, for the first time, that a nova can also emit gamma-rays (>100 MeV).

A white dwarf can potentially generate multiple novae over time as additional hydrogen continues to accrete onto its surface from its companion star. An example is RS Ophiuchi, which is known to have flared six times (in 1898, 1933, 1958, 1967, 1985, and 2006). Eventually, the white dwarf could explode as a type Ia supernova if it approaches the Chandrasekhar limit.

Occasionally a nova is bright enough and close enough to be seen by the unaided eye. The brightest recent example was Nova Cygni 1975. This nova appeared on 29 August 1975, in the constellation Cygnus about five degrees north of Deneb and reached magnitude 2.0 (nearly as bright as Deneb). The most recent were V1280 Scorpii, which reached magnitude 3.7 on 17 February 2007, and Nova Delphini 2013. Nova Centauri 2013 was discovered 2 December 2013 and is so far the brightest nova of this millennium reaching magnitude 3.3.

Astronomers estimate that the Milky Way experiences roughly 30 to 60 novae per year, with a likely rate of about 40.  The number of novae discovered in the Milky Way each year is much lower, about 10. Roughly 25 novae brighter than about magnitude 20 are discovered in the Andromeda Galaxy each year and smaller numbers are seen in other nearby galaxies.

References 

Types of stars
Robert Marvin "Bobby" Hull, OC (born January 3, 1939 in Pointe Anne, Ontario) is a Canadian retired ice hockey left winger.

Hull is highly regarded as one of the greatest ice hockey players of all time and perhaps the greatest left winger to ever play the game of hockey. Hull was known for his blonde hair, blinding skating speed, and having the fastest shot in the game which also earned him the nickname, "the Golden Jet".

Hull played 17 seasons in the NHL with 3 teams, the Chicago Black Hawks for 15 seasons, the Winnipeg Jets for 1 season and the Hartford Whalers for 1 season.
 
Hull was inducted in the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1983.

Career statistics

Other websites
Bobby Hull's NHL player profile
Bobby Hull at the Internet Hockey Database
Bobby Hull's Legend's of Hockey profile

1939 births
Art Ross Trophy winners
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Hartford Whalers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy winners
Living people
Stanley Cup champions
Winnipeg Jets (1979–96) players
World Hockey Association players
Scarp is a term in geology and geography with several similar meanings.

A scarp is a cliff or steep slope. The word is derived from the Italian scarpa, meaning 'shoe'. 
The surface of the steep slope is called a scarp face.
A fault scarp is a steep cliff made by movement along one side of a fault.
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that occurs from faulting and resulting erosion. It separates two relatively level areas of different height. 
A cuesta is an asymmetric ridge with an escarpment on one side and a gentle dip slope on the other side.

Formation 
Scarps are generally formed by one or both: 
differential erosion of sedimentary rocks, or by 
vertical movement of the Earth's crust along a geologic fault. 
Most commonly, an escarpment is a transition from one series of sedimentary rocks to another series of a different age and composition.

Escarpments are also frequently formed by faults. When a fault displaces the ground surface so that one side is higher than the other, a fault scarp is created. This brings a piece of high ground next to an area of lower ground.

More loosely, the term scarp describes the zone between coastal lowlands and continental plateaus. A marked, abrupt change in height is caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.

References 

Landforms
Georg von Békésy (3 June 1899 – 13 June 1972) was an Hungarian biophysicist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1961 for his findings on the function of the cochlea in the mammalian inner ear. He was born in Budapest, Hungary and died in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States.

References

1899 births
1972 deaths
Autobiographers
People from Budapest
Hungarian Nobel Prize winners
Frostbite is the localized medical condition where very cold temperatures damage skin and other tissue. It is most likely to happen in body parts farthest from the heart and in body parts with large exposed areas with many blood circulations. It most often occurs in toes.

Also, if the affected parts are not amputated, the person is likely to suffer from a disease called gangrene.

References

Health problems
Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (December 15, 1832 – December 27, 1923; , ) was a French structural engineer and architect. He is known for designing the Eiffel Tower. He also designed the armature (supporting framework) for the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, United States.

References 

1832 births
1923 deaths
French engineers
People from Dijon
Bullshit (also bullcrap, bullplop,  bullbutter, bovine stool) is a common English language expletive. It can be used also as an interjection or as many other parts of speech.  Usually, it is a noun, verb or interjection that describes a lie.  It shows that someone is trying to deceive, e.g. "Stop bullshitting me" ("Don't try to deceive me.   I know what you are saying is a lie.").

References

English profanity
The black-eyed pea, also called black-eyed bean, a subspecies of the cowpea, is a medium-sized edible bean. Humans first grew the pea probably in West Africa, but it is now grown all over the world.

In Nigeria, and the Caribbean, a traditional dish called akara is made of mashed black-eyed peas and salt, onions and peppers are added.

References

Fabaceae
The Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) is the largest owl in North America. It is sometimes called the hoot owl. 

This widespread bird of prey lives in mountains, grasslands, conifer forests, deserts, chapparals, and many other habitats in North and South America. Its call is a far-carrying hoot.

Description 
This owl is 18 to 25 inches (46-64 cm) long and has a wing span of 52 to 55 inches (1.3-1.4 m); its weight averages about 3 pounds (1.5 kg). 

The feathers of the horned owl are gray to brown to buff to black. There is a patch of white feathers on the brown chest (called a "gular"). The eyes are yellow with round black pupils.

Diet 
The great horned owl hunts and eats mammals (like rabbits, woodchucks, mice, rats, and squirrels), birds (ducks, quail, and geese), and fish. 

The owl is at the top of the food web; it has no major predators. It sometimes eats its prey whole and later regurgitates the bones, fur, and feathers in pellets.

References

Birds of North America
Strigiformes
Capital Region International Airport , is a public airport in DeWitt Township, Clinton County, Michigan.  The airport is northwest of Lansing, Michigan.  The airport has three runways and is 2160 acres (874.12 ha) in size.  The airport is owned and operated by the Capital Region Airport Authority.

History
The airport opened in July 1928.  Cargo service from the airport began on July 17, 1928, on Transamerican Airlines.  Passenger service began on September 1, 1929, on Kohler Airlines.  The current terminal building opened in 1959.  The first international flights (to Cancún, Mexico) began in December 2009 on USA3000 Airlines.  Allegiant Air served the airport from 2003-2009 and 2012-2015 with flights to Florida.

Airlines and destinations
Delta Air Lines, Sun Country Airlines, and United Airlines are passenger airlines that serve Capital Region International Airport.  UPS Airlines is a cargo airline that serves the airport.

The airport has domestic passenger flights to Atlanta, Chicago, Detroit, Minneapolis, and Washington, D.C.  The airport has seasonal international passenger flights to Cancún, Mexico and Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.  The airport has cargo flights to Columbus and Louisville.

A total of 376,790 passengers flew to and from Capital Region International Airport in 2014. Another 418,850 passengers flew in 2013.  Earlier, 656,703 passengers flew in 2000.  45,896,074 pounds (20,818,109 kg) of cargo flew to and from the airport in 2014.  64,844,276 pounds (29,412,869 kg) of cargo flew in 2000.

Photos

Related pages

 Lansing, Michigan

References

Other websites 
 Capital Region International Airport (official site)
 Port Lansing  (official site)
 Capital Region Airport Authority
 Mid-Michigan Business Travel Coalition 

Airports in the United States
Lansing, Michigan
Transport in Michigan
Buildings and structures in Michigan
1928 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Michigan
Amanda Michelle Seyfried (born December 3, 1985) is an American actress, singer-songwriter and former child model. At 11, she became a child model, and at 15 she became a television actress. She starred in As the World Turns and All My Children. In 2004, Seyfried started her film career, acting in Mean Girls. She also appeared in a number of other movies: Nine Lives (2005), Alpha Dog (2006), Mamma Mia! (2008), Jennifer's Body, Chloe, Dear John, Veronica Mars and Letters to Juliet. In 2006, she had a lead role on HBO's television series Big Love.

Filmography 
 Mean Girls (2004)
 Ted 2 (2015)
 Scoob! (2020)

References

Other websites 

 
 

1985 births
Living people
Actors from Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American television actors
Models from Pennsylvania
People from Allentown, Pennsylvania
Singers from Pennsylvania
Sinodelphys  is an extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous. It is a member of the infraclass Metatheria, the group which contains modern marsupials.

To date, it is the oldest metatherian fossil known, estimated to be 125 million years old. This makes it almost contemporary to the earliest placental fossils, which have been found in the same area.

It was discovered and described in 2003 in rocks of the Yixian Formation in Liaoning Province, China, by a team of scientists.  

Sinodelphys szalayi grew only 15 cm (5.9 in) long and possibly weighed about 30 g (1.05 oz). 

Its fossilized skeleton is surrounded by impressions of fur and soft tissue. Rapid burial followed volcanic events, and the fine sediment preserved details. 

From its foot structure it is thought that Sinodelphys was a tree-dweller, like its non-marsupial contemporary Eomaia and modern opossums such as Didelphis. Sinodelphys probably hunted worms and insects. 

Most Mesozoic metatherians have been found in North America and Asia. Most lived during the Upper Cretaceous between 90-65 million years ago.

Related pages 
 Juramaia
 Eomaia

References 

Metatheria
Fossils
Mammals of Asia
The Art of Getting By is a 2011 American romantic drama movie that was produced by Darren Goldberg, Gia Walsh, Kara Baker and P. Jennifer Dana and was directed by Gavin Wiesen. Homework (its original name) was first shown at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2011, and was released in theaters in North America on June 17, 2011. The movie premiered under the title Homework at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and was released as The Art of Getting By.

Cast 
Freddie Highmore as George
Emma Roberts as Sally
Alicia Silverstone as Ms. Herman
Rita Wilson as George's mother
Blair Underwood
Elizabeth Reaser
Sam Robards as George's stepfather
Michael Angarano as Dustin

Other websites 

2011 drama movies
2011 romance movies
2010s romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to know, understand, and manage emotions. People with high EI know their own emotions and the emotions of other people, and they are able to use emotions to think and live better. This thought model claims that high EI helps people to be successful in life.There are several different models that disagree about the exact definition of the term. Even though there does not seem to be an exact definition, the model itself can be applied in various ways, across different domains.

Nowadays, there are 3 main models of EI:
 Ability Based EI Models
 Knowing emotions – the ability to know emotions in faces, pictures, voices, etc. including the ability to know one's own emotions. 
 Using emotions – the ability to use emotions to improve thinking and problem-solving.
 Understanding emotions – the ability to understand different emotions, the relationships among emotions, and how and why emotions change.
 Managing emotions – the ability to manage emotions in ourselves and in others. Therefore, a person with high EI can use emotions, even negative ones, to achieve goals.
 Mixed Models of EI
 Self-awareness – the ability to know what one is feeling and thinking. 
 Self-regulation – the ability to control and manage feelings in a healthy way.
 Social skills – skills that help us relate to others so that we can have good relationships with them. 
 Empathy – the ability to share or understand the feelings of another person, especially to help make good decisions.
 Motivation – knowing what makes us want and desire to do something, like reach our goals.
 Trait EI Models

EI is often measured as an Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EQ).

Psychology
Life skills
Bulletproof is a 2009 song by the English electropop duo La Roux off their self-titled album. It was released in the United Kingdom in June 2009 and was highly received by the critics. This song debuted at #1 on the UK Singles Chart. It was a sleeper hit in the United States, peaking at number eight.

2009 songs
Synth-pop
Sweetbreads or ris are culinary names for the thymus or the pancreas glands especially of the calf (ris de veau) and lamb (ris d'agneau) (although beef and pork sweetbreads are also eaten).

Various other glands used as food have also been called 'sweetbreads', including the parotid gland, the sublingual glands, and testicles (cf. Rocky Mountain oyster). The "heart" sweetbreads are more spherical in shape, and surrounded symmetrically by the "throat" sweetbreads, which are more cylindrical in shape.

One common preparation of sweetbreads involves soaking in salt water, then poaching in milk, after which the outer membrane is removed.  Once dried and chilled, they are often breaded and fried.  They are also used for stuffing or in pâtés. They are grilled in many Latin American cuisines, such as in the Argentine asado, and served in bread in Turkish cuisine.

The word "sweetbread" is first known in the 16th century, but the logic behind the name is unclear. "Sweet" is perhaps used since the thymus is sweet and rich tasting, as opposed to savoury tasting muscle flesh. "Bread" may come from brede 'roasted meat'.

References 

Glands
Offal
Kenneth Lee Salazar (born March 2, 1955) is an American politician. He is the United States Ambassador to Mexico since September 14, 2021.

Salazar was a member of the United States Senate from Colorado from 2005 until being appointed as the United States Secretary of the Interior in 2008 by President Barack Obama. Salazar officially became secretary in 2009. He resigned as secretary in 2013. Salazar is a Democrat.

Before being elected to the U.S. Senate, Salazar was the Colorado Attorney General from 1999 until 2005.

In May 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Salazar as the Ambassador to Mexico. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 11, 2021.

Salazar was born in Alamosa, Colorado. He studied at Colorado College and at the University of Michigan.

References

1955 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of the Interior
US Democratic Party politicians
United States senators from Colorado
Ambassadors of the United States to Mexico
Lawyers from New Mexico
Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier (; 8 November 1847 – 11 March 1907) was a French politician, fifth president of the French Third Republic.

He was born in Paris, the son of Auguste Casimir-Perier and the grandson of Casimir Pierre Perier, premier of Louis Philippe. He entered public life as secretary to his father, who was minister of the interior under the presidency of Thiers.

On 17 August 1883 he became under-secretary of state for war, a post he retained until 7 January 1885. From 1890 to 1892 he was vice-president of the chamber, then in 1893 president. On 3 December he became prime-minister and foreign minister, but heresigned in May 1894, and was re-elected president of the chamber.

On 24 June 1894, after the assassination of President Carnot, he was elected president of the republic by 451 votes against 195 for Henri Brisson and 97 for Charles Dupuy.  He was president for only six months. The day after Dupuy resigned, on 14 January 1895, Casimir-Perier resigned, saying he was ignored by the ministers, who did not consult him before taking decisions, and did not keep him informed upon political events, especially in foreign affairs.

From that time he completely abandoned politics, and devoted himself to business - especially mining. At the trial of Alfred Dreyfus at Rennes, Casimir-Perier's evidence, as opposed to that of General Mercier, was of great value to the cause of Dreyfus.

References

1847 births
1907 deaths
French Roman Catholics
People with foods named after them
Politicians from Paris
Presidents of France
Hilda Solis (born October 20, 1957) is an American politician. She is currently a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for District 1. Before being elected to the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for District 1, she was the United States Secretary of Labor from 2009 to 2013. Solis was a member of the United States House of Representatives from California's 32nd congressional district before being elected as the Secretary of Labor. Prior to being a U.S. Representative, she was a California State Senator and a member of the California State Assembly. She was the first Hispanic woman to serve in the California State Senate. Solis is a Democrat. She was elected to the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for District 1 on June 3, 2014. She was sworn in on December 1, 2014.

References

1957 births
Living people

United States Secretaries of Labor
US Democratic Party politicians
Politicians from California
People from Los Angeles
21st-century American politicians
Kathleen Sebelius (born May 15, 1948) is an American politician. She was the  United States Secretary of Health and Human Services from 2009 to 2014. Before becoming the Secretary of Health and Human Services, Sebelius was a governor from Kansas. Time Magazine listed Sebelius as one of America's five best governors in 2005. Sebelius is a Democrat. She resigned on April 10, 2014.

References

1948 births
Living people
US Democratic Party politicians
United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services
Governors of Kansas
Kansas Democrats
Trevor Bayne (born February 19, 1991) is an American race car driver. Until 2019, Bayne drove the No. 6 Ford Fusion for Roush Fenway Racing.  On February 20, 2011 Trevor Bayne won the 2011 Daytona 500. Bayne is the youngest driver to win the Daytona 500.

Early career
Trevor Bayne started racing Go-Karts when he was 5 years old. Bayne won over 300 races and 22 championships in Go-Karts. In 2005, Bayne started racing in the Allison Legacy Series. He drove in 22 races, and won 12 of those races. In 2006, Bayne raced for Team Rensi in the USAR Pro Hooters Cup, and he won the Rookie of the Year award at age of 15. In 2007, Bayne left Team Rensi to race for Dale Earnhardt, Inc.

NASCAR career
For the 2008 season, Bayne drove the #1 car for Dale Earnhardt Incorporated in the NASCAR Camping World East Series. Bayne had 6 Top 5's, two poles and one win at Thompson International Speedway in his 6th start. In the 2009 season Bayne made his first NASCAR Nationwide Series start for Means Racing in the #52 Taco Bell Chevrolet at Bristol Motor Speedway. Bayne also agreed to drive the #99 Aarons Toyota for Michael Waltrip Racing for 8 races. Bayne got his career best finish at O'Reilly Raceway Park when he finished 7th. In September 2010, Bayne left Diamond-Waltrip Racing and went to drive for Roush-Fenway Racing. He will drive for Roush-Fenway Racing in the 2011 season in the NASCAR Nationwide Series. He made his first NASCAR Sprint Cup Series start in the 2010 AAA Texas 500 at Texas Motor Speedway with Wood Brothers Racing. Bayne is the first driver to compete in one of the top three NASCAR series to be born in 1991.

Bayne drove the #21 Wood Brothers Racing Ford in 17 Sprint Cup Series races in 2011. He did not competing for the Rookie of the Year award because he was racing the full Nationwide Series season. Bayne won his first Sprint Cup Series race in his second race ever, the 2011 Daytona 500. This win makes him the second youngest driver ever to win a Sprint Cup Series race, and the youngest ever driver to win the Daytona 500. In 2015 Bayne started racing full time in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series for Roush Fenway Racing.

Images

References

Other websites

Stories and photos about Travor Bayne from the Knoxville News Sentinel 
Video interview with Travor Bayne
Yahoo Driver Page

NASCAR drivers
1991 births
Living people
Daytona 500 winners
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Tennessee
People from Knoxville, Tennessee
Miguel Olivo (born July 15, 1978) is a Major League Baseball player from Villa Vasquez, Dominican Republic. Olivo plays as a catcher for the Seattle Mariners. In 1996, Olivo was signed as a free agent by the Oakland Athletics. In December, 2000, he was traded to the Chicago White Sox for Chad Bradford. Olivo made his Major League Baseball debut on September 15, 2002, for the Chicago White Sox. On December 9, 2010, Olivo signed a two year, seven million dollar deal with the Seattle Mariners.

References

1978 births
Living people
Dominican Republic sportspeople
Seattle Mariners players
Colorado Rockies players
Kansas City Royals players
Florida Marlins players
San Diego Padres players
Chicago White Sox players
Common Ground is a nonprofit social services organization. It provides housing for the homeless and others. Their philosophy holds that housing costs less than homeless shelters. It also costs many times less than jail cells or hospital rooms, They also believe that people with psychiatric and other problems can better manage them once they have a place to live. It was started in 1990 by Rosanne Haggerty. Since then the organization has created more than 2,000 units of housing for the homeless. "This is about creating a small town, rather than just a building," according to Haggerty. "It’s about a real mixed society, working with many different people."

Haggerty’s work was recognized in 2001. She was selected as a prize winner and received and award called a MacArthur Fellowship award. The MacArthur Foundation praised her work in saving historic buildings, and fixing them up. She used creative financing which means new ways to deal with banks and other organizations that provide money for housing.

Street To Home
Among Common Ground's activities is documentation of the homeless population. In other words, to study them and write down what is going on so that people can figure out a plan of action. Sometimes this is done while counting the homeless. These counts are sometimes called "enumeration" because they put a number on how many homeless there are. 

In these counts, there is a way of writing down who is most vulnerable, who is most in danger from being homeless. This is called a vulnerability index. Workers complete the vulnerability index by asking about medical problems. Then they try to persuade those who spend the most time on the streets to seek permanent housing. They do this even if the people still have drug, alcohol or medical problems. Some of those involved in the issue of homelessness consider Common Ground a pioneer - someone who thinks up new ways to deal with old problems. 

However, the count is not an end to itself, but a first step.  According to Becky Kanis, the Director of Common Ground’s "Innovations Department",

The important part is what we do with this information. We want to move from crisis management to lasting solutions. Other cities have done that successfully. We plan to do the same. ... At the real end of the day the only thing that’s going to matter is the people who have been ... unwilling to accept the offers of shelter... Can we reach them and make a positive difference in their lives?... " 

Some people have asked if what works in New York will work in other places. 

Kanis states: "We don’t know exactly what’s going to work here in New York, but we know what’s worked in other cities. Therefore, we’re going to spend our efforts doing those things, and as we find smarter and better ways to do things we will adopt them.

References

Other websites

Common Ground Relief
 Prince George Ballroom
Common Ground Adelaide 
CRISIS UK
Unity of greater New Orleans
Toronto's Homes First Society

Charities
Barri Griffiths (born January 13, 1982 in Tremadog, Wales) better known by his ring name Mason Ryan, is a Welsh professional wrestler currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and to the Raw brand where he used to be part of the stable, The Nexus. He also wrestled for Florida Championship Wrestling where was a one time FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship. Griffiths is a former Gladiator where he was known by the name, Goliath. He has also wrestled in several wrestling tournaments throughout his home country Wales before joining the WWE.

1982 births
Living people
WWE wrestlers
Professional wrestlers
Welsh sportspeople
An expansion pack is an addition (extra part) of a video game, that adds to it. Expansion packs can add characters, worlds, weapons, or scenarios. They can be for all types of video games.

Most expansion packs need the main version of the game to play, although there are a few exceptions which can be purchased stand-alone, such as The Ultimate Doom.

Expansion packs are usually cheaper than the main game, or may even be free.

The term "Expansion Pack" was also used by Nintendo for a hardware add-on that plugged into the Nintendo 64 and was required for some games. It increased the RAM from 4 MB to 8 MB.

Related pages
Sequel
Series

Video games
The Subtle Knife is the second book of the His Dark Materials trilogy  written by Philip Pullman and first published in 1997.
In the first world that Lyra enters, Lyra meets a boy of 12 years named Will Parry who comes from Oxford of the reader's universe and is escaping from the authorities. Defending his sick mother he has accidentally killed a man.They travel through a silent world to resolve many mysteries. They begin to realize that there is something special about that world.

References

1997 books
Children's books
Fantasy books
Minerva McGonagall is a fictional character in the Harry Potter books written by J. K. Rowling. This character is a teacher at the school Hogwarts, and a good character in the series. She helps Harry Potter, the main character, many times in the series. She teaches "transfiguration", a type of magic where you change objects or animals into other objects and animals. At the end of the books, McGonagall becomes the school principal. Her honorary title is Hogwarts Headmistress.

When McGonagall was young she went to Hogwarts. She was in Gryffindor, a house for brave and bold students. When she got older she decided to train herself to be an "animagus", a wizard who can change themselves into an animal without a wand. She can change into a cat. Later, she became a member of the Order Of the Phoenix, an organization trained to fight evil wizards. In a quidditch match, she was hurt by a Slytherin player.

McGonagall is played by Maggie Smith in the movies.

References

Fictional characters introduced in 1997
Harry Potter characters
Knots Landing was an American soap opera which began December 27, 1979 and ended May 13, 1993. It was a spin-off of Dallas. The show aired on CBS throughout its run. It was set around a fictional coastal suburb of Los Angeles and focuses on four married couples living in a cul-de-sac. By the time of the show's end, it had become one of the longest running primetime drama shows on television in the US.

1970s American television series
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
Los Angeles
Soap operas
CBS network shows
Television spin-offs
1979 American television series debuts
1993 television series endings
1993 disestablishments in the United States
English-language television programs
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) are known in many English-speaking countries as lady's fingers or gumbo) is a flowering plant in the mallow family, related to cotton and hibiscus. It is valued for its edible green seed pods. It is cultivated for the pods, which are harvested in the immature stage and used in salads, soups and dishes.  It is the national vegetable of Pakistan.

References

Medicinal plants
National symbols of Pakistan
Adolphe Dugléré (born Bordeaux, June 3, 1805 - died Paris April 4, 1884) was a French chef and a pupil of Carême.

Les Frères Provençaux 

Dugléré was a chef de cuisine to the  Rothschild family until 1848, and was manager at the restaurant Les Frères Provençaux at the Palais-Royal from 1848 to 1866 which was owned by three men from Provence named Barthélémy, Maneille and Simonas (who were, in reality, not brothers).

Café Anglais 

In 1866 he became the head chef of the   which was the most famous Paris restaurant of the 19th century and where he is believed to have created the dish Pommes Anna.

Dinner of the Three Emperors 

It was at the Café Anglais in 1867 that Dugléré served a famous meal that became known as the  Dîner des trois empereurs, () for Tsar Alexander II of Russia, his son the tsarevitch (who later became Tsar Alexander III) and King William I of Prussia, as well as  Prince Otto von Bismarck who were in Paris for L'Exposition Universelle. The table service used for this meal is on display to this day at the oldest existing restaurant in Paris, La Tour d'Argent which is owned by the descendants of Claudius Burdel, the last owner of Café Anglais which was demolished in 1913.

The evening of 7 June 1867 is reputed to have been the most magnificent ever to have occurred in any restaurant in the world. The three emperors and Prince Bismarck had requested of Dugléré a meal that would live in their memories and the maître de cave, Claudius Burdel, was instructed to accompany the dishes with the greatest wines in the world.

Dishes 

The most famous dish attributed to Dugléré is almost certainly Pommes Anna. Other dishes created by Dugléré include Potage Germiny, a sorrel soup created for the Count of Germiny, governor of the Bank of France, Poularde Albufera, dedicated to Maréchal Suchet, Duke of Albufera, Soufflé à l'anglaise, Sole Dugléré and Culotte de bœuf Salomon, (dedicated to Salomon de Rothschild)  and Barbue à la Dugléré (brill in tomato and parsley sauce).

He is also credited with inventing Tournedos Rossini, but this dish has also been credited to both Escoffier as well as Carême (although not the title itself).  It was composer Gioachino Rossini who dubbed Dugléré Le Mozart de la cuisine (The Mozart of the Kitchen).  It was a title he used on the menu for the Dinner of the Three Emperors.

References

Notes

French chefs
People with foods named after them
1805 births
1884 deaths
People from Bordeaux
Sean Christopher Avery (born April 10, 1980 in Pickering, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger. He played 12 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Detroit Red Wings, Los Angeles Kings, New York Rangers, and Dallas Stars. Avery was known for his agitating playing style, as well as his controversial behavior both on and off the ice.

He has also worked as an intern for Vogue, a male model and a restaurateur.

Avery has been featured on MTV Cribs, Punk'd and TRL and has also opened a sports bar called, Warren 77 in Manhattan.

References

Other websites

1980 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Canadian models
Dallas Stars players
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
New York Rangers players
Ontario Hockey League players
A cul-de-sac (literally "bottom of bag") is a word that came from the French language and means a small street without a way through at the far end. It is also used in Catalan and Occitan, its meaning being equivalent to a dead end, close, or no through road (United Kingdom, Australian and Canadian English). While culs-de-sac were built in history for other reasons, its modern use is to calm down the traffic.

Real estate
Roads
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is an international organization created in Geneva in 1919 for better for working conditions and standard of living. In 1946, this organization has become a special organization of the United Nations and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969.

Juan Somavía was the ILO's director-general from 1999 until October 2012, when Guy Ryder was elected as his replacement. This governing body is composed of 28 government representatives, 14 workers' representatives, and 14 employers' representatives.

The Constitution of the International Labour Organization
The constitution of the International Labour Organization affirms that "universal and lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon social justice." An additional declaration adopted in Philadelphia at the 26th section affirms that "Labour is not a commodity" (I (a)), "Freedom of expression and association are essential to sustained progress" (I (b)), "Poverty anywhere constitutes a danger to prosperity everywhere" (I (c)), and that "All human beings, irrespective of race, creed or sex, have the right to pursue both their material well-being and their spiritual development in conditions of freedom and dignity, of economic security and equal opportunity". (II (a))

Main purpose of activities

Freedom of trade union 
Protection from unemployment
Equal payment for equal work
Abolishment of forced labour
Abolishment of child labour
Abolishment of sweatshop
Abolishment of work or profession discrimination
Fair rights of migrant workers
Decent work for all
Fair and decent rights of domestic workers

For this purpose, ILO has made 189 Conventions called "International Labour Convention" but many countries do not ratify the Conventions despite its importance.

Note

Other page
United Nations
Human rights
Convention on the Rights of All Migrant Workers

Other website
International Labour Organization
Official Website

United Nations
Human rights organizations
Geneva
Civil rights organizations
1919 establishments in Europe
Calhoun County is a county in Florida. It is named after John C. Calhoun. He lived in South Carolina and was a member of the United States Senate. He later became the President of the United States.

Florida counties
1838 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Florida Territory
The 2011 Daytona 500 took place on February 20th 2011 at the Daytona International Speedway. It was the first race of the 2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. Dale Earnhardt, Jr. won the pole in qualifying, however he did not start in 1st place because he crashed his car during practice. The race was won by Trevor Bayne. At 20 years old, he is the youngest driver to win the race.

Results

References

NASCAR
2011 in Florida
February 2011 events
Calhoun County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama.  As of 2010 the population was 118,572. It is included in the Anniston-Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its county seat is Anniston.

History
Benton County was formed on December 18, 1832.  It was named for Thomas Hart Benton, a member of the United States Senate from Missouri.  The first county seat was at Jacksonville. 

An F4 tornado struck here on Palm Sunday March 27, 1994. It destroyed Piedmont's Goshen United Methodist Church twelve minutes after the National Weather Service of Birmingham issued a tornado warning for northern Calhoun, southeastern Etowah, and southern Cherokee.

Geography
According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of .   (or 99.37%) is land and  (or 0.63%) is water.

Major highways

Rail
Alabama and Tennessee River Railway
Norfolk Southern Railway
Amtrak

Adjacent counties
Cherokee County, Alabama - northeast
Cleburne County, Alabama - east
Talladega County, Alabama - south
St. Clair County, Alabama - west
Etowah County, Alabama - northwest

National protected areas
 Mountain Longleaf National Wildlife Refuge
 Talladega National Forest (part)

Cities and towns
Alexandria
Anniston
Blue Mountain
Bynum
Choccolocco
Eastaboga
Hobson City
Jacksonville
Pleasant Valley
Minden
Ohatchee
Oxford (part - part of Oxford is in Talladega County)
Piedmont (part - part of Piedmont is in Cherokee County)
Saks
Weaver
Webster's Chapel
Wellington
West End-Cobb Town

Places of interest
Calhoun County is home to the Anniston Museum of Natural History and the Berman Museum of World History. It also contains a part of the Talladega National Forest.

References

Alabama counties
1832 establishments in Alabama
Calhoun County is a county in Arkansas.

Arkansas counties
1850 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in Arkansas
Calhoun County is a county in Georgia.  Its county seat is Morgan.

1854 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Calhoun County is a county in Illinois.

Illinois counties
1825 establishments in Illinois
Elasmobranchii  is a subclass of the Chondrichthyes or cartilaginous fish. It includes the modern sharks and the rays and skates.

Evolution 
Fossilised shark teeth are known from the early Devonian, around 400 million years ago. During the following Carboniferous period, the sharks underwent a period of diversification, with many new forms evolving. Many of these became extinct during the Permian, but the remaining sharks underwent a second burst of adaptive radiation during the Jurassic, around which time the skates and rays first appeared.

Taxonomy
Subclass Elasmobranchii
†Plesioselachus
†Order Squatinactiformes
†Order Protacrodontiformes
†Infraclass Cladoselachimorpha
†Order Cladoselachiformes
†Infraclass Xenacanthimorpha
†Order Xenacanthiformes
Infraclass Euselachii (sharks and rays)
†Order Ctenacanthiformes
†Division Hybodonta
†Order Hybodontiformes
Division Neoselachii
Subdivision Selachii (Selachimorpha) (modern sharks)
Superorder Galeomorphi
Order Heterodontiformes (bullhead sharks)
Order Orectolobiformes (carpet sharks)
Order Lamniformes (mackerel sharks)
Order Carcharhiniformes (ground sharks)
Superorder Squalomorphi
Order Hexanchiformes (frilled and cow sharks)
Order Squaliformes (dogfish sharks)
†Order Protospinaciformes
Order Squatiniformes (angel sharks)
Order Pristiophoriformes (sawsharks)
Subdivision Batoidea (rays)
Order Torpediniformes (electric rays)
Order Pristiformes (sawfishes)
Order Rajiformes (skates and relatives)
Order Myliobatiformes (stingrays and relatives)

References

Cartilaginous fish
Edward B. Lewis (May 20, 1918 – July 21, 2004) was an American geneticist. He shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Lewis was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania He received a BA in Biostatistics from the University of Minnesota in 1939.

In 1942 Lewis received a PhD from California Institute of Technology (Caltech), working on Drosophila melanogaster under the guidance of Alfred Sturtevant.

After serving as a meteorologist in the U.S. Air Force in World War II, Lewis joined the Caltech faculty in 1946 as an instructor. In 1956 he was appointed Professor of Biology, and in 1966 the Thomas Hunt Morgan Professor of Biology.

His Nobel Prize winning studies with Drosophila founded the field of developmental genetics and laid the groundwork for our current understanding of the universal, evolutionarily conserved strategies controlling animal development.

His key publications in the fields of genetics, developmental biology, radiation and cancer are available in a book.

Effects of radiation 
During the 1950s, Lewis studied the effects of radiation from X-rays, nuclear fallout and other sources as possible causes of cancer. He reviewed medical records from survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as well as radiologists and patients exposed to X-rays. Lewis concluded that "health risks from radiation had been underestimated". Lewis published articles in Science and other journals and made a presentation to a Congressional committee on atomic energy in 1957.

At the scientific level of the debate, the crucial question was whether the "threshold theory" was valid or whether, as Lewis insisted, the effects of radioactivity were "linear with no threshold", where every exposure to radiation had a long-term cumulative effect.

Genes regulating development 
In a series of experiments with the fruit-fly Drosophila, Lewis was able to identify a complex of genes whose proteins bind to the regulatory regions of target genes. The latter then activate or repress cell processes which direct the final development of the organism.

Furthermore, the sequence of these control genes show co-linearity: the order of the loci in the chromosome parallels the order in which the loci are expressed in segments along the body. Not only that, but this cluster of master control genes programs the development of all higher organisms.

Each of the genes contains a homeobox, a remarkably conserved DNA sequence. This suggests the complex itself arose by gene duplication.

In his Nobel lecture, Lewis said "Ultimately, comparisons of the [control complexes] throughout the animal kingdom should provide a picture of how the organisms, as well as the [control genes] have evolved".

Related pages 
Hox gene

References 

1918 births
2004 deaths
American academics
American geneticists
American Nobel Prize winners
American zoologists
Scientists from Pennsylvania
Wolf Prize winners
People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Educators from Pennsylvania
Christine Jane Baranski (b. 2 May 1952) is an American Actress, Singer and Producer. On stage, she played Mrs. Lovett in Sweeney Todd and the title character in Mame. She has also acted in multiple movies. Baranski was born in Buffalo, New York.

References

1952 births
Living people
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Actors from Buffalo, New York
General Secretary is a title most often used in political parties, and is usually the leader of the party. The General Secretary (sometimes called First Secretary or Secretary-General) is usually the leader of the Secretariat and the Politburo.

History
On April 3, 1922, Joseph Stalin became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and had the job of deciding who was a member of the party and where they went. Vladimir Lenin was de facto leader at the time. Once Lenin died, Stalin used his power to give allies jobs in the party to become more powerful than everybody else.

Related pages
 List of General Secretaries of the Soviet Union
 General Secretary of the Communist Party of China

Politics