cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
John Francis Kinsela  (27 May 1950 – 9 November 2020) was an Australian indigenous wrestler. He competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics and in the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born in Sydney.

Kinsela died on 9 November 2020 in Sydney, aged 70.

References

1950 births
2020 deaths
Australian Olympians
Wrestlers
Sportspeople from Sydney
Edward Browning "E. B." McClain (April 29, 1940 – November 9, 2020) was an American politician and chemist. He was a Democratic member of both the Alabama Senate from 1995 through 2009 and the Alabama House of Representatives from 1987 through 1994. He was born in Bessemer, Alabama.

In 2009, he was convicted of money laundering and corrpution. He was sentenced to 70 months.

McClain died on November 9, 2020 in Pleasant Grove, Alabama at the age of 80.

References

1940 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
American chemists
American fraudsters
Scientists from Alabama
Politicians from Alabama
US Democratic Party politicians
People from Bessemer, Alabama
Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality is one of eight metropolitan municipalities (also called Category A municipalities) in South Africa. It is located on the shores of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape Province.

It is made-up of the city of Port Elizabeth, the nearby towns of Uitenhage and Despatch, and the surrounding rural area.

The name "Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality" was chosen to honor former President Nelson Mandela.

List of mayors
Christopher Nceba Faku (1995–2006)
Nondumiso Maphazi (2006–2008)
Zanoxolo Wayile (2008–2013)
Ben Fihla (2013–2015)
Danny Jordaan (2015–2016)
Athol Trollip (2016–2018)
Mongameli Bobani (2018–2019)
Thsonono Buyeye interim (since 2019)

References

Cities in South Africa
Nelson Mandela
Shegufta Bakht Chaudhuri (known as S B Chaudhuri; 1931 – 11 November 2020) was a Bangladeshi economist and politician. He was the fourth governor of Bangladesh Bank from 1987 to 1992. He was born in Habiganj District, Bengal Presidency.

Chaudhuri died on 11 November 2020 in Dhaka.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
Bangladeshi politicians
Bangladeshi Muslims
Bangladeshi businesspeople
Economists
Sequential proportional approval voting (SPAV) is a way of electing candidates that gives proportional representation. It combines approval voting and the highest average methods.

Overview 
SPAV elects the candidate who would win an election in Approval voting (ignoring any candidates that were already elected), and then reduces the power of voters who voted for that candidate. This repeats until there are as many elected candidates as necessary. 

The strength of a voter's vote after a candidate they voted for wins is equal to (1/m+1), with m being the number of candidates the voter supported that have won so far. For example, a voter who voted for 2 candidates that won and 3 that did not has only 1/3rd of their vote power remaining.

References 

Voting systems
Francesc Xavier Ciuraneta Aymí (12 March 1940 – 11 November 2020) was a Spanish Roman Catholic prelate. He was born in La Palma d'Ebre, Spain. He was the Bishop of Menorca from 1991 to 1999 and of Lleida from 1999 to 2007.

Ciuraneta Aymí died on 11 November 2020 in La Palma d'Ebre from Parkinson's disease-related problems at the age of 80.

References

1940 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Roman Catholic bishops
Spanish Roman Catholics
Five Star Final is a 1931 American crime drama movie directed by Mervyn LeRoy and was based on the 1930 play of the same name by Louis Weitzenkorn. It stars Edward G. Robinson, Aline MacMahon, Boris Karloff, H.B. Warner, Anthony Bushell, Oscar Apfel and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1932 and was remade as Two Against the World.

Other websites
 
 
 

1931 movies
1930s crime movies
1930s drama movies
American crime drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Mervyn LeRoy
Shanghai Express is a 1932 American romantic drama movie directed by Josef von Sternberg and was based on the 1931 short story by Harry Hervey. It stars Marlene Dietrich, Clive Brook, Anna May Wong, Warner Oland, Lawrence Grant, Eugene Pallette and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for 3 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1932.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1932 movies
1930s romance movies
1930s drama movies
1930s romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies based on short stories
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by Josef von Sternberg
Volodymyr the Great (c. 958 – 15 July 1015) was Prince of Novgorod, Grand Prince of Kyiv, and ruler of Kyivan Rus' from 980 to 1015. He baptized the Kyiv Rus' in 988 and was proclaimed as Saint Volodymyr by the Orthodox church.

Biography 
Volodymyr was the son of Prince Sviatoslav I of Kyiv of the Rurik dynasty. After the death of his father in 972, Volodymyr moved to Scandinavia from Novgorod as his brother Yaropolk had murdered his other brothers in order to gain the power in Kyiv. In Sweden and Norway he gathered a Varangian army and took Novgorod from his brother Yaropolk. By 980, Volodymyr had consolidated the Kyiv kingdom from modern-day Ukraine, Belarus and minor parts of modern day Russia.

In 981 he captured the Cherven towns from the Poles. In 981–984 he suppressed and conquered a few Slavic tribes including Vyatychi and Radymychi. In 985 Vololdymyr made a war against the Volga Bulgars.

References 

Eastern Orthodox Christians
Saints
People from Kiev
Princes and princesses
National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) is an American professional wrestling promotion operating via its parent company Lightning One, Inc. Title reigns are either determined by professional wrestling matches or are awarded to a wrestler, as a result of the culmination of various scripted storylines.

The promotion currently has 5 championships. The list includes the number of times the wrestler has held the title, the date and location of the win, and a description of the winning bout.

Current champions

References

Other websites
 Official NWA website
 Official NWA YouTube channel	
 Official NWA Facebook page

Professional wrestling
Champions
 
Professional wrestling champion lists
Jorge "Jordi" Llopart Ribas (5 May 1952 – 11 November 2020) was a Spanish race walker. He competed in the 50 km event at the 1980, 1984, and 1988 Olympics. He won a silver medal in 1980. He was a European champion in this event in 1978. Llopart was born in El Prat de Llobregat, Spain.

Llopart died on 11 November 2020 in Badalona, Spain from a heart attack, aged 68.

References

1952 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Spanish Olympic medalists
Olympic silver medalists
Spanish athletes
Badalona (, ) is a municipality to the immediate north east of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain. It is the third largest city in Catalonia and the twenty-third in Spain. It became a city in 1897.

References

Cities in Catalonia
Municipalities in Catalonia
Giuliana Chenal-Minuzzo (née Minuzzo, 26 November 1931 – 11 November 2020) was an Italian alpine skier. She was born in Vallonara di Marostica, Italy.

Olympic career
At the 1952 Olympics in Oslo Minuzzo was the bronze medalist in the women's downhill competition. 

At the 1960 Olympics, she was bronze medalist in the women's giant slalom event.

At the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Minuzzo made history by becoming the first woman to take the Olympic Oath.

Death
On 11 November 2020, Minuzzo died in Aosta, Italy at the age of 88.

References

Other websites
 Giuliana Chenal-Minuzzo at Olympedia

1931 births
2020 deaths
Italian Olympians
Olympic bronze medalists
Skiers
Abdulkadir Balarabe Musa (21 August 1936 – 11 November 2020) was a Nigerian politician. He was elected Governor of Kaduna State, Nigeria during the Nigerian Second Republic, holding office from October 1979 until he was impeached on 23 June 1981.

During the Nigerian Fourth Republic he was leader of the Conference of Nigerian Political Parties (CNPP), a coalition of opposition parties.

Balarabe Musa died on 11 November 2020 in Kaduna at the age of 84.

References

2020 deaths
1936 births
Nigerian politicians
Gonçalo Pereira Ribeiro Telles (24 May 1922 – 11 November 2020) was a Portuguese politician and landscape architect. He was born in Lisbon, Portugal. He was the Minister for Quality of Life from 1981 to 1983 during the António Ramalho Eanes presidency. He was the founder of the political parties People's Monarchist Party and Movimento Partido da Terra.

Ribeiro Telles died on 11 November 2020 in Lisbon at the age of 98.

References

Other websites
biographical profile of Ribeiro Telles on monarchist website Realistas (Royalists) (Portuguese).

1922 births
2020 deaths
People from Lisbon
Portuguese politicians
Portuguese businesspeople
Architects
Charles George Reinier Corver (16 January 1936 – 10 November 2020) was a Dutch football referee.

He refereed the 1982 World Cup semifinal between Germany and France in Seville, Spain. Corver was referee at two World Cups and two European championships. He refereed four European Cup finals, ten semifinals and a final World Cup for clubs in Argentina. He retired in 1983.

Corver was born in Leiden and died in Leidschendam at the age of 84.

References

Other websites
  

1936 births
2020 deaths
Dutch football referees
People from Leiden
Sportspeople from South Holland
Dino Da Costa (; 1 August 1931 – 10 November 2020) was a Brazilian-born Italian professional footballer. He played as a central midfielder and striker. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. He made one appearance for the Italian national team in 1958. From 1948 to 1955, he made 51 appearances for Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas.

Da Costa died in Verona on 10 November 2020, aged 89.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
Brazilian footballers
Italian footballers
People from Rio de Janeiro
People from Brasília
Ghasem Amir Yavarkandi (; 5 December 1931 – 10 November 2020), also known as Amir Yavari, was an Iranian professional boxer. He was a member of the senior national boxing team. He was born in Tehran.

Yavari joined the "Niroo va Rasti" (; Power and Virtue) Club in 1947 at the age of sixteen. Yavari was selected as Iranian captain during the 1960 Summer Olympics, where he competed in the welterweight division.

Yavari died on 10 November 2020 in Tehran at the age of 88.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
Olympians
Boxers
Sportspeople from Tehran
People from Tehran
Sven Justus Fredrik Wollter (11 January 1934 – 10 November 2020) was a Swedish actor, writer, and political activist. He was awarded Best Swedish actor twice. 

He was known for his role as Madame Flod's son Gusten in Swedish Television's version of The People of Hemsö by August Strindberg in 1966. He  played Detective Sergeant Lennart Kollberg in Bo Widerberg's movie The Man on the Roof. He played Victor in The Sacrifice by Andrei Tarkovsky.

Wollter died on 10 November 2020 in Luleå, Sweden from COVID-19 during the pandemic at the age of 86. He was also suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden
Swedish movie actors
Swedish stage actors
Swedish television actors
Swedish writers
Political activists
People from Gothenburg
Oleksiy Shevchuk (born July 13, 1985; Kyiv) is a Ukrainian criminal defense lawyer, journalist and TV-host. Best known for his participation in political trials related to the criminal prosecution of the top politicians and entrepreneurs, such as Kyiv mayor Vitaliy Klitchko, an oligarch Oleksandr Onyshchenko and a tycoon Oleg Bakhmatyuk.

Biography 
Oleksiy was born on July 13, 1985 in Kyiv. 

In 2007, he received a Master's degree in Law from Kyiv National Economic University.

In 2018 and 2019 got an award "Lawyer of the Year" according to the Ukrainian Bar Association.

In 2019, Oleksiy got an Order of St. Michael by the Orthodox Church of Ukraine

Professional career 
In 2006-2007, he worked as a legal consultant and the head of the legal department at LLC Fourway and LLC Karges.

In 2009, Oleksiy co-founded a law firm Shevchuk and Partners. 

In 2017, he co-founded a new law firm Barristers as a merger of Shevchuk and Partners together with Ponomarenko & Partners law firms.

Cases 
Oleksiy Shevchuk became well known after participating in resonant cases, defending top-politicians of Ukraine.

Some of the most famous cases:

The case of Genadiy Korban, a Ukrainian state and political figure, businessman, the head of UKROP party

The case of Oleksandr Onyshchenko, a Ukrainian politician, businessman and athlete, member of the Parliament

The case of Vitaliy Klitchko, the mayor of Kiev, former heavyweight world box champion.

The case of Oleg Bakhmatyuk, a Ukrainian agriculture tycoon, owner of defunct VAB Bank.

References 

Living people
1985 births
Ukrainian lawyers
Journalists
Vladimir Găitan (; 2 February 1947 – 10 November 2020) was a Romanian actor. He appeared in more than forty movies beginning in 1968. He was born in Suceava, Romania. 

He was best known for his roles in The Reenactment, Pe Aici Nu Se Trece, Accident, Uncle Marin, the Billionaire, Mihail, câine de circ, Last Night of Love, Mircea and The Man of the Day.

Găitan died on 10 November 2020 in Bucharest from stomach cancer, aged 73.

References

1947 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Romanian movie actors
Romanian television actors
Romanian stage actors
People from Rome
The Orthodox Church of Ukraine or OCU (Ukrainian: Православна церква України) is an independent Eastern Orthodox Church established by Constantinople metropolitan in 2018. Its canonical territory is Ukraine.

History 

The Church was founded at the Unification Council (Sobor) in Kyiv on 15 December 2018. It was granted a decree of independence by the Patriarchate of Constantinople in Istanbul on 5 January 2019. The Unification Council of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine elected Epiphanius I of Ukraine – as the Metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine.

The Orthodox Church of Ukraine is guided by the Holy Scriptures and the Holy Tradition, the canons of the Orthodox Church. Orthodox Christians of Ukraine are members of the OCU, regardless of their origin. Since, according to Tomos (decree of independence), the borders of the canonical territory of the OCU are determined by the borders of the Ukrainian state. Orthodox Ukrainians abroad are subject to the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. The main church of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine is St. Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral in Kyiv.

The church appeared in 988 but due to historical reasons it's independence was interrupted in 17-18 century by Moscow Principality. OCU was finally reestablished as an independent church on January 6, 2019.

Recognition 
OCU has been recognized by the following Orthodox Churches:

 Constantinople (Ecumenical Patriarchate)
 Patriarchate of Alexandria
 Church of Greece
 Church of Cyprus

References 

Ukraine
Eastern Christian denominations
Luis Ibero Elia (11 July 1949 – 10 November 2020) was a Spanish politician. He was Mayor of Zizur Mayor between 1992 to 1995. Ibero was President of the Commonwealth of Pamplona 2003 until 2007. He was a member of the Convergence of Democrats of Navarre. Ibero was born in Pamplona, Spain.

Ibero died of COVID-19 on 10 November 2020 in Pamplona at the age of 71.

References

1949 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
Spanish politicians
Mayors
Juan Cruz Sol Oria (13 September 1947 – 10 November 2020) was a Spanish footballer.

Career
He played as a defender. He has played for Valencia, Real Madrid, and the Spanish national team.

He played 28 matches for Spain national football team, and scored 1 goal.

Statistics

Death
Sol died on 10 November 2020 at the age of 73.

References

Other Websites
 
 National team data 
 
 Valencia CF biography 
 

1947 births
2020 deaths
Spanish footballers
Association football defenders
Mahadeepak Singh Shakya (25 July 1922 – 10 November 2020) was an Indian politician. He was a member of Lok Sabha for six terms from Etah in Uttar Pradesh from 1977 to 1998. He was a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party.

Shakya died on 10 November 2020 in Lucknow, India at the age of 98.

References

1922 births
2020 deaths
Indian politicians
Jacques Glowinski (30 August 1936 – 5 November 2020) was a French pharmacist and biology researcher. His works focused on neurobiology and neuropharmacology. He was known as one of the founding fathers in France. He was a professor at the Collège de France. He was a member of the French Academy of sciences from 1992 until his death.

Glowinski died on 5 November 2020 at the age of 84.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
French biologists
French educators
Researchers
Pharmacists
Datuk Mohammed Bakar (or Mohamad Bakar) (25 June 1945 – 8 November 2020) was a Malaysian footballer. He was born in Bagan Ajam. From 1965 to 1977, he played for Penang FA. From 1970 to 1975, he played for the national team. From 1985 to 1986, he managed the national team.

Bakar died on 8 November 2020 at a hospital in Kuala Lumpur from bone marrow failure, aged 75.

References

1945 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from blood disease
Malaysian sportspeople
Footballers
Football managers
Theresa Stewart (24 August 1930 – 11 November 2020) was an English Labour Party politician. She was the first female leader of Birmingham City Council. She was elected to the position in October 1993 and lost re-election in May 1999.

She was also Lord Mayor of Birmingham from May 2000 to May 2001, being only the sixth woman to hold that position.

Stewart died on 11 November 2020, aged 90.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
Mayors
Politicians from Birmingham
Irvin Lee Baxter Jr. (July 8, 1945 – November 3, 2020) was an American Oneness Pentecostal minister, televangelist, author, and biblical scholar. He hosted the biblical prophecy television program, End of The Age, and, who also was the founder and president of Endtime Ministries.

He was a pastor of the Oak Park Church (UPCI). He was born in Richmond, Indiana.

Baxter Jr. died of COVID-19 on November 3, 2020 in Richardson, Texas, aged 75.

References

1945 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
American television presenters
Educators from Indiana
Writers from Indiana
Writers from Texas
Educators from Texas
Asif Basra (27 July 1967 – 12 November 2020) was an Indian actor. He was best known for his role as Puro in the American comedy movie Outsourced (2006). He was born in Amravati, Maharashtra. His career began in 1998.

Basra hung himself on 12 November 2020 at his home in Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh at the age of 53.

References

1967 births
2020 deaths
Suicides by hanging
Indian movie actors
Indian television actors
Indian stage actors
Indian voice actors
Surendra Singh Jeena (8 December 1969 – 12 November 2020) was an Indian politician. He was member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Jeena was a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from 2007 until his death.

Jeena died of COVID-19 on 12 November 2020, aged 50.

References

1969 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Indian politicians
Krasnodar Rora (23 March 1945 – 12 November 2020) was a Yugoslav-Croatian professional football player and manager. He played five times for the Yugoslavia national football team from 1967 to 1968. He managed Radnik Velika Gorica, Šibenik and HAŠK Zagreb.

Rora died on 12 November 2020 in Zagreb, aged 75.

References

Other websites
Profile on Serbian FA official website

1945 births
2020 deaths
Yugoslavian sportspeople
Croatian footballers
Croatian football managers
Edward Flak (13 May 1948 – 11 November 2020) was a Polish lawyer and politician. He was born in Wrocław, Poland. He was Mayor of Olesno from 1990 to 1994 and again from 1998 to 2006. He was also a member of the Sejm from 1992 to 1993. Flak was a member of the German Minority Electoral Committee.

Flak died on 11 November 2020 in Warsaw at the age of 72.

References

1948 births
2020 deaths
Polish lawyers
Polish politicians
Mayors
Iggy Koopa is a fictional character from the Mario Bros video games.  He is one of Bowser the turtle king's seven children.  Iggy Koopa uses machines, like the Koopa Clown Car. He first appeared as boss in Super Mario Bros 3 along with the other koopalings. 

He has since appeared as a boss in many games, for example the new Super Mario Bros games and Mario Kart.

Video game characters
Nelly Kaplan (11 April 1931 – 12 November 2020) was an Argentine-born French movie director and screenwriter. She was born in Buenos Aires, but moved to Paris in the 1950s. She produced the 1960 movie Austerlitz. Her best known directed work was A Very Curious Girl.

Kaplan died of COVID-19 on 12 November 2020 at her home in Geneva, Switzerland at the age of 89.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland
Argentine movie directors
Argentine screenwriters
French movie directors
French screenwriters
People from Buenos Aires
Writers from Paris
Essayists
Critics
Olesno  () is a town in Opole Voivodship, Poland about  north-east of the city of Opole.  

It is the capital of Olesno County and seat of the Gmina Olesno.

References

Towns in Poland
Puerto Rican poetry refers to poems written by Puerto Rican authors.

Puerto Ricans are American citizens. Thus, Puerto Rican poetry is considered part of American poetry because the island is a United States territory. Puerto Rican poetry is also considered part of Caribbean poetry and Latin American poetry due to the islands location in the Caribbean, and its cultural and linguistic ties to the region. 

Puerto Rican poetry is often written in Spanish. However, Puerto Rican poets also use English and Spanish  within the same poem. Sometimes poets mix Spanish and English words into Spanglish expressions.

Themes include: personal identity, cultural heritage, oppression, discrimination, racism, sexism, and Puerto Rican politics. Poems about the island often use images of oceans, rivers, beaches, local foods, and family traditions. However, Puerto Ricans poets who move to the mainland USA write about city streets, crowds, and the pressures of urban life.

Poems about Puerto Rico 

 "Río Grande de Loíza" by Julia de Burgos explores the island's history of slavery and American imperialism. The poem expresses the pain and violence suffered by native islanders and African slaves along the river.
 "Soy boricua" by Giannina Braschi expresses the philosophical dilemma of Puerto Rico's political status a colony of the United States.
 “I, Too, Am Black” is a spoken word poem  by Caridad de la Luz “La Bruja” on Puerto Rican identity and race. The poem was inspired by Langston Hughes
 "Puerto Rico" is a poem written in Spanish and English by Victor Hernández Cruz. It deals with the landscape, the traditions, and the politics of being a United States territory.
 "Puerto Rican Obituary" by Pedro Pietri expresses the sorrow and suffering of Puerto Rican immigrants who move to big cities such as New York.

Puerto Rican poets 
 Giannina Braschi
 Julia de Burgos
 Victor Hernández Cruz 
 La Bruja
Tato Laviera
 Luis Pales Matos
 Pedro Pietri

Further reading 

 Breaking Ground: Anthology of Puerto Rican Women Writers in New York 1980- 2012 (Abriendo caminos: antología de escritoras puertorriqueñas en Nueva York 1980- 2012), edited by Myrna Nieves.
 Defending Their Own in the Cold: The Cultural Turns of U.S. by Marc Zimmerman.

References 

Puerto Rico
Poetry
Metropolitan Epiphanius of Kyiv and All Ukraine was born with the name Serhii Dumenko. He was born on February 3, 1979. He is the head of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU). He is Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine.

Metropolitan Epiphanius was the Metropolitan bishop of Pereyaslav and Bila Tserkva from 2013 to 2018.

Biography 
Serhii Dumenko was born on February 3, 1979 in Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. He lived in Chernivtsi Oblast when he was young.

In 1999, he graduated from the Kyiv Theological Seminary. Then he entered the Kyiv Theological Academy. He graduated with a doctor of theology degree in 2003.

References 

Christianity
Ukraine
Ali Fazal (pronounced ; born 15 October 1986) is an Indian actor and model. He made his acting debut with a small role in the English language movie The Other End of the Line (2008). He then acted in the American television miniseries Bollywood Hero (2009).

Fazal made his Bollywood debut with a special appearance in 3 Idiots (2009). He then acted in Always Kabhi Kabhi (2011). His first success was in Fukrey (2013). He then acted in supporting roles in movies like Baat Ban Gayi (2013), Bobby Jasoos (2014) and Sonali Cable (2014).

He played the main role in the horror movie Khamoshiyan (2015). He then acted in his first American movie Furious 7 (2015). He also played a role in Happy Bhag Jayegi with Diana Penty in 2016.

Fazal acted in the British-American movie Victoria & Abdul. The movie portrays the relationship of Queen Victoria (Judi Dench) and her confidant, Indian servant Abdul Karim (Fazal). The movie premiered at the Venice Film Festival in 2017. The costumes worn by the main actors in the film have been added as part of the official display at Osborne House.

In 2018, he played Guddu Pandit in Mirzapur. In 2020 he continued his role of Guddu Pandit in Mirzapur season 2.

Early life
Fazal was born in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Fazal's family is from Allahbad. His father worked in a firm in the Middle East. His parents separated when he was a child. From then on, he grew up in his maternal grandparents' home with his grandparents and his mother. The couple divorced when Fazal was 18. He studied at La Martiniere College in Lucknow and The Doon School in Dehradun.

In 2004, he participated in school plays and engaged in debates. He was selected for the role of Trinculo, the jester in the play  The Tempest by William Shakespeare. It was a memorable role for him. Fazal went to Mumbai and graduated in economics from St. Xavier's College.

References

Other websites

1986 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
Indian stage actors
Indian models
Actors from Uttar Pradesh
Victor Hernández Cruz is a Puerto Rican poet. He was born in Aguas Buenas, Puerto Rico. He moved to New York City with his family when he was five years old. He lives in Morocco and Puerto Rico.

Career 
Cruz is a member of the Nuyorican poetry movement of Puerto Rican poets who moved to New York City.  Nuyorican poets, such as Pedro Pietri, Miguel Algarin, Miguel Pinero, and Giannina Braschi, write about immigrant life and hybrid latino culture. They multilingual literature. They write in Spanish, English, and Spanglish. 

Cruz has received fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation and the National Endowment for the Arts. He was the first Puerto Rican poet to be a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets.

He writes about New York City, traveling, the Caribbean, Puerto Rican history, and the immigrant experience.  Cruz said in a television interview with Bill Moyers, “I write about myself as a Caribbean man, a man within a larger tapestry, and I try to see the connections between everything. Between myself and history, myself a racially mixed person, and all these things that make me up. I explore them in my poetry.”

Poetry books 
Cruz published his first book, Papo Got His Gun! And Other Poems, on a copying machine called the mimeograph. His later books were published by tradition publishing houses.  His titles include: Beneath the Spanish (2017); In the Shadow of Al-Andalus (2011); The Mountain in the Sea (2006); Red Beans (1991); Rhythm, Content, and Flavor: New and Selected Poems (1989); By Lingual Wholes (1982); and Snaps (1969).

Related pages 
 Puerto Rican poetry
Caribbean poetry
 Giannina Braschi
 Julia de Burgos

References

Puerto Rico
Poetry
American poets
Caribbean people
Julia de Burgos (February 17, 1914 – July 6, 1953) was a Puerto Rican poet. She was a Puerto Rican Nationalist. She advocated for civil rights for women, African Americans, and Afro-Caribbean people.

Poetry career 
In 1938, at the age of twenty-four, Julia de Burgos published her first book of poems by herself. She traveled around Puerto Rico selling copies. She was raising money to help cover the cost of her mother’s cancer treatments. Her poems discuss themes of feminism, social justice, slavery, and Puerto Rican independence. 

She famously wrote, "I Am the Life, the Strength, the Woman."  

She influenced the poets of the Nuyorican movement, including Victor Hernández Cruz, Giannina Braschi, and Pedro Pietri.

She died of alcoholism in an East Harlem hospital in New York City. 

Today she is called a Puerto Rican icon. She is one of Puerto Rican greatest figures in Puerto Rican poetry.

Poems 
De Burgos wrote Poemas exactos a mi misma (1937), Poema en veinte surcos (1938), and Canción de la verdad sencilla (1939).  Her poem El mar y tú: otros poemas (1954) was published after her death.

Honors and legacy 
Her honors include awards from the Institute of Puerto Rican Literature. She has an honorary doctorate from the University of Puerto Rico. Many schools, public parks, and cultural centers are named after her, including: the Julia de Burgos Cultural Arts Center in Cleveland, the Julia de Burgos Latino Cultural Center in New York, and Julia de Burgos Park in Chicago. 

The Julia de Burgos postage stamp was issued on September 14, 2010, in San Juan, Puerto Rico. It is the 26th stamp in the United States Literary Arts series.

Related pages 
 Puerto Rican poetry
 Caribbean poetry
 Victor Hernández Cruz
 Giannina Braschi

Further Reading 

 Rosario, Vanessa Pérez. Becoming Julia de Burgos: The Making of a Puerto Rican Icon. University of Illinois Press, 2014.
 Stavans, Ilan, ed.  The Norton Anthology of Latino Literature. WW Norton, 2011.
 Nieves, Myrna. "Breaking Ground: Anthology of Puerto Rican Women Writers in New York 1980–2012." Editorial Campana, 2012.

References 

Puerto Rican people
Caribbean people
American poets
Poets by nationality
Literature by nationality
1914 births
1953 deaths
Spanglish is a hybrid American language that mixes words and other ways of saying things from Spanish and English. It is mostly spoken in the United States.

Speech 
Spanglish is spoken in American towns and cities that have large numbers of Latino people, for example Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, Houston, Santa Fe, Newark, and New York.  Spanglish is spoken by Spanish-speaking people who have moved to the United States from other countries and immigrants who are are still learning English. Many people born in the United States whose parents came from Spanish-speaking countries also speak Spanglish. An estimated that 40 million people in the United States speak Spanglish.

Spanglish is a source of pride in Latino identity. In Living in Spanglish, Ed Morales wrote, "Spanglish is what we speak, but it is also who we Latinos are, and how we act, and how we perceive the world."

Spanglish literature 
Latino literature in the United States has things written in Spanglish. Chicano, Nuyorican, and Puerto Rican poets, playwrights, and novelists use Spanglish. Here are some of them:

 Puerto Rican poet Giannina Braschi wrote the first Spanglish novelYo-Yo Boing! (1998).
 Chicana author Sandra Cisneros uses Spanglish in her poetry, fairy tales, and novels.
 Dominican-American novelist Junot Díaz's The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao also uses Spanglish phrases.
 Nuyorican poet Pedro Pietri wrote the lyric poem El Spanglish National Anthem. (1993)

Spanglish music 
Many Latino and Latin American musicians use Spanglish in the words to their songs.

 Reik released a song titled "Spanglish" that is sung half in English and half in Spanish.
 Ricky Martin, a Puerto Rican pop singer uses Spanglish in the songs "Come with Me" and "Maria."
 Pitbull, a Latin Grammy Award-winning artist from Miami, sings rap songs in Spanglish.
 Enrique Iglesias, a Spanish reggaeton singer uses Spanglish in his lyrics.

Spanglish duets 
Spanglish duets are songs with Spanish and English lyrics. They are a growing trend in the American and Latin American music industry.  These duets are sung by a native Spanish speaker and a native English speaker. Shakira and Beyonce, Romeo Santos and Usher, Justin Bieber and Daddy Yankee (in Luis Fonsi’s “Despacito”) have made the Billboard Hot 100 charts with Spanglish duets.

Related pages 
 Code-switching
 Chicano
 Nuyorican

References

Further reading
Stavans, Ilan, Spanglish: The Making of a New American Language. (2004)

Languages
Linguistics
Lego Star Wars: The Video Game is a 2007 action-adventure LEGO video game based on the Star Wars original and prequel trilogies.

Reception
The game is considered better than the original two due to merged characters and gameplay.

2007 video games
Nintendo DS games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 3 games
Lego video games
Star Wars games
Wii games
Xbox 360 games
Spider-Man is an action-adventure video game made by Neversoft. It can be played on the PlayStation, Sega Dreamcast and Nintendo 64. The game is based on the Marvel Comics superhero Spider-Man. It had a 2001 sequel called Spider-Man 2: Enter Electro.

Gameplay
Spider-Man can attack enemies with his webs or punches. Once the game is completed, a What-If mode narrated by the Watcher (voiced by Laurence Fishburne) has more humorous content in the walkthrough.

Development
The game was made with the engine for Tony Hawk's Pro Skater.

Reception
The game is considered one of the best Spider-Man games of all time, rivaling Spider-Man 2.

2000 video games
Dreamcast games
Game Boy Color games
Nintendo 64 games
PlayStation games
Spider-Man video games
Edgar Reitz (born 1 November 1932) is a German movie director, screenwriter and movie producer.

He is a Professor of Film at the Staatliche Hochschule für Gestaltung (State University of Design) in Karlsruhe.

Some of his movies
 Lust for Love (Mahlzeiten) (1967)
 Cardillac (1970)
 Trip to Vienna (Die Reise nach Wien) (1973)
 In Danger and Deep Distress, the Middleway Spells Certain Death (In Gefahr und größter Not bringt der Mittelweg den Tod) (1974) (co-director: Alexander Kluge)
 Zero Hour (Stunde Null) (1977)
 "Grenzstation" in Germany in Autumn (Deutschland im Herbst) (1978)
 The Tailor from Ulm (Der Schneider von Ulm) (1978)
 Heimat (1984, TV series)
 Home from Home (Die andere Heimat) (2013)

References

Other websites
Edgar Reitz's official website 

Edgar Reitz Bibliography (via UC Berkeley)
Interview with Edgar Reitz from The Guardian

1932 births
Living people
German movie directors
German movie producers
German screenwriters
German educators
Waqar Ahmed Seth (16 March 1961 – 12 November 2020) was a Pakistani politician and lawyer. He was the Chief Justice of Peshawar High Court from 28 June 2018 until his death. On 2 August 2011, he became a Justice Peshawar High Court.

He was in charge over the special court which heard the high treason case against Pervez Musharraf and one of the two judges on a three judge panel who convicted Musharraf of this crime and sentenced him to death. This was the first time in Pakistan's history that a military dictator was convicted of high treason.

Seth died on 12 November 2020 in Islamabad from COVID-19, aged 69.

References

1961 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan
Pakistani politicians
Pakistani judges
Pakistani lawyers
The F Word is a 2009 episode of South Park season 13.

Plot
Eric Cartman is unhappy that the Harley Davidson drivers are around. He calls them faggots.

Reception
The episode got mixed reviews.

2009 television episodes
South Park episodes
Television episodes about profanity
Łask (; ) is a town in central Poland. 17,604 people have lived here as of 2016.  It is the capital of Łask County. It is in the Łódź Voivodeship.

References

Towns in Poland
In 1878, the US constitutional convention looked at the problem of counting its population. The population of a state determines the influence a state can take in a presidential election. The convention also looked at the problem of counting slaves: If they were counted, the state would have more power in the election, the taxes the state would have to pay to the government would also be higher. The Three-Fifths Compromise was that three out of every five slaves would be counted.  The compromise of counting "all other persons" as only three-fifths of their actual numbers reduced the representation of the slave states relative to the original proposals, but improved it over the Northern position. An inducement for slave states to accept the Compromise was its tie to taxation in the same ratio, so that the burden of taxation on the slave states was also reduced.

A contentious issue at the 1787 Constitutional Convention was whether slaves would be counted as part of the population in determining representation of the states in the Congress or would instead be considered property and, as such, not be considered for purposes of representation. Delegates from states with a large population of slaves argued that slaves should be considered persons in determining representation, but as property if the new government were to levy taxes on the states on the basis of population. Delegates from states where slavery had become rare argued that slaves should be included in taxation, but not in determining representation.

The proposed ratio was, however, a ready solution to the problem that arose during the Constitutional Convention. In amending the Articles, the North wanted slaves to count for more than the South did because the objective was to determine taxes paid by the states to the federal government. In the Constitutional Convention, the more important issue was representation in Congress, so the South wanted slaves to count for more than the North did.

References 

History of the United States
United States Constitution
Justin R. Cronin (October 9, 1980 – November 11, 2020) was an American politician. He was a Republican member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from January 2009 until his resignation in August 2019. He was born in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.

Cronin died on November 11, 2020 in Gettysburg, South Dakota at the age of 40.

References

1980 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from South Dakota
US Republican Party politicians
People from Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Freaky Friday is a 2003 American fantasy comedy movie directed by Mark Waters and written by Heather Hach and Leslie Dixon.

It is based on Mary Rodgers' 1972 novel of the same name. It stars Jamie Lee Curtis and Lindsay Lohan.

The movie was released in theaters on August 6, 2003, by Walt Disney Pictures and Buena Vista Pictures.

The movie also earned Curtis a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.

References

2000s fantasy movies
2003 comedy movies
Disney movies
2000s American fantasy movies
2000s American comedy movies
Movies based on books
Egoism is a philosophy about people serving their own needs or wants. Some kinds of egoism say that everything people do is , meaning it is done to serve their own desires. Other kinds of egoism instead say that people should do whatever they want or whatever benefits themselves.

Egoism is often seen as the opposite of altruism, meaning the concern for others. "Altruism" is a word created by the French thinker Auguste Comte, who says that people must only serve each other and never be egoistic. The German thinker Friedrich Nietzsche instead says that altruism is not the opposite of egoism. He also says that even though people  altruism is good, they do not treat each other well very much at all. Other egoists also often criticise this kind of attitude against people who do what benefits themselves. But Nietzsche says that people should eventually leave both altruism and egoism behind.

The American researcher James Scanlan says that when people do whatever benefits themselves it is only a fake kind of egoism. And that real egoism is when people do whatever they want. Both are often seen as dangerous beliefs. Some egoists such as Max Stirner, Nikolay Chernyshevsky, and Dmitry Pisarev, are also thought of as nihilists. And the British egoist Aleister Crowley popularised the phrase "Do what thou will".

Theories 
There are many different kinds of egoism:

 Ethical egoism is the belief that it is  for people to do whatever benefits themselves. 
 Default egoism is the belief that people  try to benefit themselves.
 Psychological egoism is the belief that people  try to benefit themselves, even when they don't know it. 
 Rational egoism is the belief that it  for people to do whatever benefits themselves.

Moral psychology 

Some ideas of egoism can be studied in moral psychology. For example, Friedrich Nietzsche says that many people wrongly think that being "good" is related to being "unegoistic". Instead, this thought only happened since priestly values took over from noble values . Nietzsche says that the concepts of egoistic or altruistic actions are pseudo-psychology. In fact, "there are no such things as egoistic and altruistic actions". Morality, he says, tries to damage psychology with these false ideas. He also says that this kind of morality always serves the needs and wants of some people over others. The British researcher Alexander Moseley instead says egoists reject that psychology can understand people's motivations.

Related pages 
 Nihilism
 Selfishness
 Solipsism

References 

Ethics
Philosophical movements and positions
The Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir is the head of the state government of Jammu and Kashmir and the chief executive of the state legislature.

Prime Ministers (Dewans) of Jammu and Kashmir princely state (1947-1965)
Colour key for parties

Chief Ministers of the state of Jammu and Kashmir (1965-2019) 
Colour key for parties

Chief  Ministers of union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (2019- present)

Notes

References

Jammu and Kashmir
Indian politicians
Lists of politicians
Lists of Indian people
The Smiling Lieutenant is a 1931 American musical comedy movie directed by Ernst Lubitsch and was based on the 1905 novel Nux, der Prinzgemahl by Hans Müller-Einigen and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1932. Actors include Maurice Chevalier, Claudette Colbert, Miriam Hopkins, Charles Ruggles, George Barbier, Hugh O'Connell and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

Other websites
 
 
 

1931 movies
1930s musical movies
1930s comedy movies
American musical comedy movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Ernst Lubitsch
Paramount Pictures movies
Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee is a 1997 platform video game developed by Oddworld Inhabitants. It was first released for the PlayStation.

Gameplay
The player can help Mudokons leave slavery from RuptureFa
rms.

Plot
Abe, a worker for RuptureFarms decided to leave the area and saw a moon with his handprint on it.

Reception
The game was liked and helped create a sequel.

1997 video games
Oddworld
PlayStation games
Windows games
Tatiana Melnik (; 25 August 1985, Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR) is a Russian designer and model. She is owner of the “TiMe Deluxe” brand.

Biography 

Tatiana Melnik was born in Kyiv, Ukraine.

After birth, Tatiana moved to the Tyumen Oblast, Russia, together with her parents.

She graduated from school with a mathematical background and advanced study of foreign languages.

In 2003, Tatiana Melnik worked as a secretary, then as a financier at “RN-Yuganskneftegaz”.

In 2007, she graduated from the Economics Department of Moscow State University.

In 2007, she opened a travel company “Safari Tour” in Nefteyugansk.

In 2011, Tatiana Melnik opened the “Malibu” visa center.

In 2016, she founded her own brand of handmade jewelry “TiMe Deluxe” and opened a boutique of branded clothing in Surgut.

In 2016, the “TiMe Deluxe” premium beauty studio was opened.

In 2017, Tatiana Melnik became the face of the Italian cosmetics brand “Oh! my Bella!”.

She is a current member of the jury of the international competition for emerging designers “European Fashion Union”, held in Italy.

According to some sources, Tatiana Melnik is the personal stylist of Philip Kirkorov.

Brand 

In November 2016, Tatiana Melnik presented her own brand "TiMe Deluxe" in Surgut and the first collection of jewelry — “Time of luxury”. The presentation was conducted by actress Yekaterina Guseva and stylist Sergey Zverev.

In November 2017, the first capsule collection of clothing by Tatyana Melnik "Princess to be Queen" was shown. The “Angels” jewelry collection was presented under the eponymous composition angel performed by Black Star KAN.

In March 2018, the star calendar “TiMe Deluxe” and the new collection “Love or deception” premiered at the Philipp Kirkorov vocal gallery (Moscow).

In July 2019, the collection “Summer of love” () was presented in Senigallia, Italy, as part of the 4th national Italian design competition “SENIGALLIA COLLEZIONI-MODA E FORMAZIONE”.

In November 2019, the “Pink Vanilla” collection was presented.

At the same time, the final of the author's project of Tatiana Melnik “Lady Fashion TiMe Deluxe” took place. The jury consisted of: Nadezhda Babkina, Oksana Fedorova, Natasha Koroleva, Elena Sanzharovskaya and Alexander Belov.

In March 2020, Tatiana Melnik and the “TiMe Deluxe” brand participated in the organization of the show “Tarzan”, in collaboration with the Royal circus of Gia Eradze in Moscow.

Collections 

 2016 — “Time of luxury”
 2017 — “Princess to be queen”
 2017 — “Angels”
 2018 — “Love or…”
 2019 — “Pink Vanilla”
 2019 — “L’estate d’amore”

Awards

References

Other websites 
 Official website of the “TiMe Deluxe” brand

Living people
1985 births
Designers
Litoria corbeni is a frog from Australia.  Scientists saw it on the Atherton Tableland and Bellenden-Ker Range in northeastern Queensland.

Scientists say this frog is related to the black-dotted tree frog.

References

Animals of Asia
Frogs
Caribbean poetry is a vast and vibrant field of poetry.  It spans the poetry of many countries, including Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominica, Haiti, Trinidad, Jamaica, and Martinique. 

Caribbean poets often write poetry in English, French, or Spanish. However, Caribbean poetry is also written in Dutch, Hindustani, or any number of creole languages. Many poets in this region celebrate their hybrid culture writing in a hybrid or creole language.

Popular themes include: exile and return to the homeland, self-determination, migration, love, and liberty.

Caribbean poets 
 Giannina Braschi
 Kamau Brathwaite
 Julia de Burgos
 
 Aimé Césaire
Victor Hernández Cruz
 Kwame Dawes
 David Dabydeen
 Edwidge Danticat
 Edouard Glissant
 Lorna Goodison
 José Martí
 Nancy Morejon
 Claudia Rankine
 Derek Walcott

Related pages 
 Caribbean literature
 Latin American poetry
 Puerto Rican poetry
 Latina poetry

Further reading 
The New Oxford Book of Caribbean Verse, edited by Stewart Brown and Mark McWatt.

They Came on Ships: an Anthology of Indo-Guyanese Writing by Ian McDonald, Joel Benjamin, and Lakshmi Kallicharan.

Coolie Odyssey by David Dabydeen.

References 

Caribbean islands
Poetry
Claudia Rankine (born in 1963 in Kingston, Jamaica) is a Jamaican poet and experimental playwright. Her work deals with racism, discrimination, and social justice. 

She is the author of Just Us: An American Conversation, Citizen: An American Lyric, and Nothing in Nature is Private.

Honors 
Rankine has won fellowships from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Academy of American Poets, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Lannan Foundation, and the Guggenheim Foundation. In 2013, she was elected as a chancellor of the Academy of American Poets. In 2014 she received a Lannan Literary Award.

Related pages 
 American poetry
 Caribbean poetry

References 

Poets
1963 births
Living people
Jamaican people
Kwame Dawes is a poet born in Ghana in 1962. 

Dawes was raised in Jamaica. He now lives in Nebraska where he is the editor of Prairie Schooner.

His poetry relates to the Reggae music. He wrote a book called Bob Marley: Lyrical Genius (2007).

His poetry books include: Wisteria: Poems From the Swamp Country (2006), Impossible Flying (2006), Back of Mount Peace (2009), Hope’s Hospice (2009), Wheels (2011), Duppy Conqueror: New and Selected Poems (2013), and City of Bones: A Testament (2017).

Dawes also reported on  HIV/AIDS in Jamaica and Haiti after the earthquake (2012).

Related pages 
 American poetry
 Caribbean poetry

References 

Living people
1962 births
Ghanaian people
Poets
Reggae musicians