cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The cervix is the part of the uterus which protrudes into the vaginal canal. Its function is like that of a gate to the uterus, or womb, where the fetus develops during a pregnancy. It also allows menstrual blood to escape the uterus during the normal reproductive cycle of the female, and allows sperm to access the uterus to fertilize an ovum, or egg.

Anatomy of the female reproductive system
sexuality
Shah Rukh Khan (born 2 November 1965), popularly known as SRK, is a Bollywood  actor. He is also known as the "Badshah of Bollywood", "King of Bollywood" and "King Khan". He was born in New Delhi, his grandparents having moved there from Afghanistan and Peshawar. He started his career appearing on television in the late 1980s. He is Muslim and studied at a Muslim school. He is married to Gauri Khan, a Hindu, and has three children; Aryan, Suhana and AbRam. He also has a sister named Shehnaz Lalarukh. He has a master's degree. He is one of the biggest stars not just in Bollywood, but also around the world. He is also the second richest actor in the world after Jerry Seinfeld, with a net worth of over $800 million

Movies

Awards

References 

1965 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
Indian movie producers
People from New Delhi
Game show hosts
Mamluks are members of a military caste that controlled Egypt from 1254 to 1811. Other mamluks held power in some other Muslim countries. The word means "slave" in the Arabic language and they began as slaves. In 1517 the Ottoman Empire conquered them, but Mamluks continued to be powerful. Muhammad Ali Pasha defeated them and took control of Egypt in 1811.

Other websites
 Qur'an Carpet Page; al-Fatihah is an Islamic holy book that was owned by Mamluks from the 1300s

History of Egypt
Military
1254 establishments
1811 disestablishments
Establishments in Egypt
Disestablishments in Africa
13th-century establishments in Africa
Laurent Clerc (born Louis Laurent Marie Clerc December 26, 1785 in France - July 18, 1869) co-founded the first school for the deaf (people who cannot hear) in the United States.

Deaf people in America respected Clerc and call him the "Father of the Deaf" because he founded the first school for the deaf in America in Hartford, Connecticut.  Clerc and Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet founded that school on April 15, 1817 in an old hotel.  The school moved to its present location in 1821 and is now named The American School for the Deaf.  The American School for the Deaf is the oldest school for the deaf in the United States.

Other websites
Name sign for Laurent Clerc
http://ia300102.us.archive.org/3/items/Laurent_Clerc/clerc.mpg

1785 births
1869 deaths
French educators
Ivory is a hard yellowsh-white material made from the tusks and teeth of animals such as elephants, hippopotamuses and walruses. Ivory is now very rare and expensive since there are restrictions on hunting elephants for ivory. There are also laws against the trade of ivory. Some countries (including Zimbabwe and South Africa) argue that these laws should be removed or changed, to allow them to sell some ivory. 

Ivory has been used to make piano keys, billiard balls, handles and small ornaments. Ivory has been used in artworks, such as carvings, since ancient times. 

Ivory color  represents quiet and pleasantness.  

Natural materials
Brazil is subdivided into 26 states and 1 Federal District (the capital city Brasília).

Center-West Region 
 
 Federal District (capital Brasília)
 Goiás (capital Goiânia)
 Mato Grosso (capital Cuiabá)
 Mato Grosso do Sul (capital Campo Grande)

North Region 

 Acre (capital Rio Branco)
 Amapá (capital Macapá)
 Amazonas (capital Manaus)
 Pará (capital Belém)
 Rondônia (capital Porto Velho)
 Roraima (capital Boa Vista)
 Tocantins (capital Palmas)

Northeast Region 

 Alagoas (capital Maceió)
 Bahia (capital Salvador)
 Ceará (capital Fortaleza)
 Maranhão (capital São Luís)
 Paraíba (capital João Pessoa)
 Pernambuco (capital Recife)
 Piauí (capital Teresina)
 Rio Grande do Norte (capital Natal)
 Sergipe (capital Aracaju)

South Region 

 Paraná (capital Curitiba)
 Rio Grande do Sul (capital Porto Alegre)
 Santa Catarina (capital Florianópolis)

Southeast Region 

 Espírito Santo (capital Vitoria)
 Minas Gerais (capital Belo Horizonte)
 Rio de Janeiro (capital Rio de Janeiro)
 São Paulo (capital São Paulo)

Politics of Brazil
An ocarina is a kind of flute that is not made out of a tube. Because the ocarina is in a round or box-like shape, its sound is a little different from other flutes.

History

The ten-hole ocarina was first made by Giuseppe Donati, in Italy, in 1853. Instruments like the ocarina had been made for hundreds of years before that in South America, China, and Africa. In Europe, a form called the gemshorn was made in the 16th century. The gemshorn was made from an animal horn.

In the 19th century, groups of ocarina players, with different sized ocarinas, played classical and folk music. Italian ocarinas became known throughout the world, because of this.

In the United States the ocarina was called the sweet potato, because its shape is like a sweet potato.

In 1928, the Japanese began making ocarinas. They added two small holes to the old kind of ocarinas. Japanese 12-hole ocarinas can play a larger scale than 10-hole ocarinas.

English Ocarina

In the 1960s, the English ocarina was invented. It has four finger holes, and may have one or two thumb holes. English ocarinas are made in many shapes.

Other websites 
 Ocarina Knowledge Pages  - All About Ocarinas

References

Flutes
The clarinet is a woodwind instrument.

The clarinet body is made up of the mouthpiece, barrel, upper joint, pads, keys, ring key, rod, lower joint, and bell. The clarinet has one reed. The reed is made of cane, bamboo or plastic, which varies in thickness. The reed is attached to the mouthpiece with a clamp called a ligature, which is usually made out of metal.   Blowing through the mouthpiece makes the reed vibrate, and therefore makes the noise.  The body of the clarinet is a cylindrical tube with holes.  The holes are covered by the fingers to make musical notes.  There are also buttons pressed by the fingers which allow pads over holes to open or close so all notes of the chromatic scale can be played. The buttons are usually played with the "pinkie" finger.  

One kind of keyed clarinet is called the Albert system.  Another kind is called the Boehm system. The Boehm clarinet is much used by classical orchestras and by jazz musicians. In North America and other Western countries, the most popular clarinet is the clarinet pitched in B flat. This means that if a clarinet player plays a note that is written as a C, it sounds like a B flat on a piano. The B flat clarinet is used in concert, marching, and school bands.  Musicians in orchestras also play the A-clarinet (a semitone lower), the sopranino E flat clarinet (a fourth higher) and the Bass_clarinet  in B flat (sounding an octave lower).  

A beginner clarinet player usually can play a note within the first minutes of a lesson. Making a sound with the clarinet is easier than making a sound with many other wind instruments. Most instrumental music teachers consider it to be a good instrument for young players as soon as the lower adult teeth have grown. The fingering system is very similar to the flute and the saxophone, so changing from playing the clarinet to one of these instruments is not too difficult after the student is comfortable playing the clarinet and has reached a certain level.

A famous piece that features a clarinet is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Clarinet Concerto, which has the clarinet playing the melody with the rest of the orchestra playing along. Written in 1791, it is often considered the first great composition for the instrument.

Notable players 
 Benny Goodman
 Artie Shaw

Other websites 

 The International Clarinet Association

Woodwind instruments
The lute is a kind of musical instrument with strings.

The first lutes were brought to Spain by the Moors. Others may have been brought to Europe from Arabic lands.  The lute is one of the ancestors of the classical guitar.

A lute has an oval-shaped back, made of strips of wood. It has a flat front, with a neck attached to it. Early lutes had four strings or eight sets of two strings. Beneath these strings, there were strings tied to the neck, where the player pressed down to make the notes. These strings were called frets.

The front part of the body is made of a flat piece of wood, and known as the sound board. It has a beautifully carved hole in the center which is called the rose.

The lute was at first played by strumming or plucking with a pick. Later they were played with the fingers alone.

During the Renaissance, bigger lutes were designed. Most lutes at this time had seven or eight sets of strings. New kinds of lutes were invented. One new kind of lute made in the Renaissance was the theorbo. Another kind was the archlute.

In European classical music the lute was changed into the harpsichord and the mandolin.

Today there are kinds of lute still being played in Greece, Turkey, and in Arabic-speaking countries. The Renaissance lute is also played today, in western countries, as well as a German lute that is played the same way as a guitar.

Plucked string instruments
Early musical instruments
In the United States, Independence Day, commonly known as the Fourth of July or the Fourth, is a holiday commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring the independence of the Thirteen Colonies from the United Kingdom of Great Britain. On Independence Day there are many events such as fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, picnics, concerts, baseball games, political speeches and ceremonies, and various other public and private events. These events celebrate the history, government, and traditions of the United States.

Independence Day, the only holiday that celebrates the United States, is a national holiday marked by patriotic displays. Similar to other summer-themed events, Independence Day celebrations often take place outdoors. Independence Day is a federal holiday, so all non-essential federal institutions (like the postal service and federal courts) are closed on that day. Many politicians make it a point on this day to appear at a public event to praise the nation's heritage, laws, history, society, and people.

Families often celebrate Independence Day by having or going to a picnic or barbecue, and take advantage of the day off and in some years, long weekend to gather with relatives and friends. People may also do fun and relaxing hobbies like any other day off such as swimming, fishing, boating, sunbathing, playing sports, or just kicking back and relaxing. Many stores are open on the fourth so people may go shopping. In the evening, people may launch their own fireworks. Decorations (e.g., streamers, balloons, and clothing) are generally colored red, white, and blue, the colors of the American flag. Parades often are in the morning, while fireworks displays occur in the evening at such places as parks, fairgrounds, or town squares.

On the 4th of July Americans do these things:
 Fireworks
 Hold parades
 Bake red, blue and white desserts, such as cakes and cookies
 Create 4th of July wands.

Related pages
 Juneteenth National Independence Day

References

National Days
Microsoft Office or Microsoft Office System is a collection of computer programs made by Microsoft. Microsoft Office is a collection of office-related applications. Each application serves a unique purpose and offers a specific service to its users. The programs are created for all users. There are different versions of the software for home users and for business users. Some versions may offer more programs, and some versions cost less than others, but none are for free. The current version is Office 2021, which released on October 5, 2021.

Products 
The versions available are made up of some or all or more of the following programs:

 Microsoft Word is a word processor that lets a user type text into the document and add images, and different font or design choices.  The main file formats are .doc and .docx.  It also helps to check the spelling and find the meaning of words
 Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet and mathematics program that can make calculations and graphs based on data the user enters. The main file formats are .xls and .xlsx.
 Microsoft PowerPoint is a program that creates presentations and slideshows. They can have text, drawing, pictures and media. They can also be set up to show on a projector.
 Microsoft Outlook is an email client that can send and receive emails. The user can add a contact list and multiple calendars.
 Microsoft Access is a database program where people can store data over many tables.
 Microsoft Publisher is a program that lets people make layouts for newsletters and presentations to print.
 Microsoft InfoPath is a program for designing, distributing, filling and submitting electronic forms containing structured data. Based on XML.
 Microsoft Visio is a shaping program not included in Microsoft Office Suites but can be bought in volume editions. Originally included in Microsoft Office.
 Microsoft FrontPage is a HTML WYSIWYG program included in the Office 2003 Suite. It has been replaced by Microsoft Expression Web in the Expression Series.

Other Products 
 Microsoft Lync
 Microsoft Project
 Microsoft Visact
 Microsoft Office Document Imaging
 Microsoft Office Document Scanning
 Other products also included

Rivals 
There are a lot of other programs which are competitors to Microsoft Office.
 LibreOffice
 iWork
 KOffice
 Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides

Office 365 
Microsoft Office 365 is a new way of sharing Microsoft Office documents with people from your organization or between your computers, syncing to the cloud. In order to sync to the cloud, you need a Microsoft account. 
Actual versions include:
 Personal
 Home
 Business Essentials
 Enterprise E1
 Business Premium
 Entreprise E3
 Enterprise E4
You can get a free trial of Office for 30 days.

References

Other websites 
 Official website
 Office 365 website 

 
Word processors
Afrikaans is a West Germanic language mainly spoken in South Africa and Namibia.  It was originally the dialect that developed among the Afrikaner Protestant settlers, the unfree workers, and slaves brought to the Cape area in southwestern South Africa by the Dutch East India Company ( - VOC) between 1652 and 1705. Most of these first settlers were from the United Provinces (now Netherlands), though there were also many from Germany, some from France, a few from Scotland, and various other countries. The unfree workers and slaves were Malays, and Malagasy in addition to the native Khoi and Bushmen.

Research by J. A. Heese says that until 1807, 36.8% of the ancestors of the White Afrikaans speaking population were Dutch, 35% were German, 14.6% were French and 7.2% non-white (of African and/or Asian origins).  
Heese's figures are questioned by other researchers, however, and especially the non-white component quoted by Heese is very much in doubt.

A sizeable minority of those who speak Afrikaans as a first language are not white. The dialect became known as "Cape Dutch". Later, Afrikaans was sometimes called "African Dutch" or "Kitchen Dutch". Afrikaans was considered a Dutch dialect until the early 20th century, when it began to be widely known as a different language. The name Afrikaans is simply the Dutch word for African, and the language is the African form of Dutch.

Related pages
 Afrikaans Language Monument
Afrikaans-English Dictionary On-line

References
Leonard Bernstein (August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an American composer and conductor. He was born Louis Bernstein in Lawrence, Massachusetts to Ukrainian Jewish parents. He is best known for conducting the New York Philharmonic and composing West Side Story and Candide.

Bernstein was gay.

He was a heavy smoker who had emphysema. He died of a heart attack in New York City.

Other websites 
 Official website

1918 births
1990 deaths
20th-century American composers
American conductors
American movie score composers
Bisexual Jews
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York City
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Entertainers from Massachusetts
Grammy Award winners
Jewish American LGBT people
Jewish American musicians
Kennedy Center honorees
LGBT musicians
LGBT people from Massachusetts
People from Lawrence, Massachusetts
Tony Award winners
The Afrikaans Language Monument () is the only monument in the world dedicated to a language. It is on a hill overlooking the Teachers' Training College in Paarl, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Completed in 1975, it was built to celebrate the 100 years birthday of Afrikaans being declared as a different language from Dutch.

The monument is made of tapering structures of a convex and concave nature. They show the influences of different languages and cultures on Afrikaans itself. They are also a symbol of political developments in South Africa, as follows:
 Clear West - the European source of the language
 Magical Africa - the African influences on the language
 Bridge - between Europe and Africa
 Afrikaans - the language itself
 Republic - declared in 1961
 Malay language and culture

Inscriptions 
On a large inscription at the entrance, two quotes from important Afrikaans poets are written.

van Wyk Louw inscription 
  -- N.P. van Wyk Louw
 "Afrikaans is the language that connects Western Europe and Africa... It forms a bridge between the large, shining West and the magical Africa... And what great things may come from their union – that is maybe what lies ahead for Afrikaans to discover. But what we must never forget, is that this change of country and landscape sharpened, kneaded and knitted this newly-becoming language... And so Afrikaans became able to speak out from this new land... Our task lies in the use that we make and will make of this gleaming tool..."

Langenhoven inscription 
  -- C.J. Langenhoven
 "If we plant a row of poles down this hall now, ten poles, to represent the last ten years, and on each pole we make a mark at a height from the floor corresponding to the relative written use of Afrikaans in the respective year, and we draw a line, from the first here near the floor to the last over there against the loft, then the line would describe a rapidly rising arc, not only quickly rising, but rising in a quickly increasing manner. Let us now, in our imagination, extend the arc for the ten coming years from now. See you, sirs, where the point shall be, outside in the blue sky high over Bloemfontein, in the year 1924."

Dit Is Ons Erns 
The phrase "DIT IS ONS ERNS" ("we are earnest [about this]", or "this is our earnestness") is inscribed on the pathway leading up to the monument.

Monuments and memorials
Afrikaans
Robert Lane "Bob" Saget (May 17, 1956 – January 9, 2022) was an American comedian and actor. He was best known for his appearances on television as Danny Tanner on Full House and the original host of America's Funniest Home Videos. He was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2014 for a comedy album that he made.

Personal life
Robert Lane Saget was born on May 17, 1956, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Dolly and Benjamin Saget.  He attended Abington Senior High School in Abington Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, before attending Temple University.
Saget married Sherri Kramer on May 16, 1982, and had three children with Kramer: Aubrey, Lara, and Jennifer.  The pair divorced on November 10, 1997.  He married Kelly Rizzo on October 30, 2018.

Death
On January 9, 2022, Saget was found dead at his hotel room in Orange County, Florida near Orlando at the age of 65. The cause of death was a subdural hematoma and a subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by head trauma after falling and hitting the back of his head.

References

American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American stand-up comedians
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1956 births
2022 deaths
Comedians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American voice actors
American television presenters
American television directors
American television producers
Movie producers from Pennsylvania
Movie directors from Pennsylvania
Screenwriters from Pennsylvania
American television writers
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
Deaths from head injury
Deaths from subdural hematoma
Deaths from subarachnoid hemorrhage
Philip David Charles "Phil" Collins (born 30 January 1951) is a British drummer, songwriter, actor and singer. He was born in Chiswick, Hounslow, Middlesex. He was the drummer and singer of the band Genesis. He is very well known for his career away from the band, as a solo artist. His most well known album is No Jacket Required, which has sold over ten million copies in the United States. One of his most well known songs is "In the Air Tonight", which had a long running false rumour that it was about a drowning that Collins had witnessed. Collins starred in the movie Buster (1988). His daughter Lily Collins is a famous actress.

Collins won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for "You'll Be in My Heart" for the 1999 movie Tarzan.

Discography

Solo albums 
 Face Value (1981)
 Hello, I Must Be Going! (1982)
 No Jacket Required (1985)
 ...But Seriously (1989)
 Both Sides (1993)
 Dance into the Light (1996)
 Testify (2002)
 Going Back (2010)

Health 
Collins suffered an injury in 2009. The surgery to correct the injury to his neck went wrong. Due to this, he has not been able to play drums. He has to use a cane while walking. He has to be seated in a chair when performing on stage.

References

Other websites

 
 Phil Collins at Atlantic Records
 

1951 births
Living people
Actors from London
Actors from Middlesex
English movie actors
English rock drummers
English rock singers
English television actors
English voice actors
Genesis (band)
Musicians from London
Musicians from Middlesex
People from Chiswick
 
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Golden Globe Award winners
Atlantic Records artists
Badfinger was a British rock group. They were first called The Iveys, but renamed themselves after a song title, "Badfinger Boogie", the original title of "With a Little Help From My Friends". The band's members were Peter Ham, Tom Evans, Mike Gibbins and Joey Molland. Badfinger recorded for Apple Records, which was a record label started by The Beatles, Warner Brothers, Elektra Records, and Radio Records.

Their first hit record was "Come And Get It", which was written by Paul McCartney. It appeared in a movie, The Magic Christian. The band followed McCartney's demo closely to make the record. The finished record sounded like a Beatles song. Later they made records that sounded different, and showed the band's own style. Todd Rundgren was the producer of some of their recordings.

Badfinger's other hit records included "No Matter What", "Day After Day", and "Baby Blue". Later they left Apple Records and recorded for Warner Bros. Ham and Evans were the band's main songwriters. One of their songs, "Without You", was recorded by the band, but was not a hit. A later cover version by singer Harry Nilsson became an international hit, and was the first of many such versions. Many recording artists have sung "Without You", including Mariah Carey.

In 1970 Badfinger made an agreement with an American businessman called Stan Polley who promised to help them earn more money. But instead of helping them, Polley kept their money away from them in an account and refused to tell them how to get it out. He also behaved dishonestly toward Warner Bros. Because of his dishonesty, the band's sixth album was removed from shops after being available for only seven weeks, and Warner Bros. refused to release their seventh album. As a result, the band did not earn any money for their hard work, which made Pete Ham feel very depressed. Feeling that he could not be a good husband or father without any money, Ham committed suicide by hanging himself in 1975.

Evans and Molland decided they still wanted to work together. Mike Gibbins, the drummer, wanted to as well, but could not. They found two more musicians to take the place of Ham and Gibbins, and recorded a new album called "Airwaves". They had only one very small hit, but continued to tour. They released another record called "Say No More". This record had cover art by artist Peter Max.

Tom Evans had problems like Ham's, and killed himself (eight years after Ham) in the same way.

References

Musical groups established in 1969
1960s establishments in England
20th-century establishments in Wales
Musical groups disestablished in 1975
1970s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1980s disestablishments in England
Musical groups established in 1978
1978 establishments in the United Kingdom
1970s establishments in England
Musical groups disestablished in 1984
1984 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1960s British music groups
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
British rock bands
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of six main parts of the United Nations. The Security Council deals with maintaining peace and security between nations.

Membership 
There are 15 members of the UNSC but only five are permanent members. They are:
 China
 France
 Russia
 United Kingdom
 United States

The ten temporary seats are held for two years with member states (countries) voted in by the United Nations General Assembly on a regional basis. The Presidency of the Security Council (i.e. the leadership) is rotated alphabetically each month.
As of 2021, the 10 temporary members are:  

 Estonia (2021)
 India (2022)
 Ireland (2022)
 Kenya (2022)
 Mexico (2022)
 Niger (2021)
 Norway (2022)
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2021)
 Tunisia (2021)
 Viet Nam (2021)

Powers 
If a country has behaved in a way seen as bad, the member countries of UNSC can make a ruling, known as a United Nations Security Council Resolution. All five of the permanent member countries must either agree to this ruling or at least not vote against it; if any of them do, it is said to have been "vetoed" and does not come into effect. This Resolution may call for UN members to take certain actions to punish the country, called "sanctions". 

An example is that the UNSC had long banned all imports of nuclear fuel to Iran as they felt Iran was going to make nuclear weapons. These sanctions resulted in rules which made it much harder for Iran to do business with people in the rest of the world. These actions made life harder in Iran, both for its government and regular people as well. Most people think that is why Iran was willing to promise to change how it used nuclear material in order to end these rules. The Permanent Members of the Security Council worked together in ending this problem; Germany has also conferenced with the permanent UN Security Council members about this issue. 

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is the most powerful part of the United Nations. The Security Council deals with maintaining peace and security between nations. For members of the UN to engage in war or major military activity against another country or a large armed group outside of their own country they are supposed to have the agreement of the Security Council to do so but recent history shows that this rule is often not closely followed by everyone. All members of the UN retain the right to "self-defense"; they can engage in actions to defend their people and land whenever this becomes necessary but are then expected to refer the matter to the Security Council as soon as they can.

References

Other websites
 UNSC website

Security Council
The Bronx is the northern part of New York City, United States. The name came from Bronck's Farms, owned by a settler called Jonas Bronck. The Bronx was once the southern part of Westchester County, but is now one of the five boroughs of New York City as well as a county in New York State called Bronx County. The Bronx River flows south out of Yonkers and Mount Vernon, New York, through the middle of The Bronx, and into Long Island Sound.

Two places to visit in The Bronx are the Bronx Zoo and Yankee Stadium, where the New York Yankees baseball team plays.

Related pages 

 South Bronx

References

Other websites 
 
 
 I Love The Bronx
 The Bronx Zoo
 The New York Botanical Garden
 Wave Hill: New York Public Garden and Cultural Center 
 Arthur Avenue (little italy)

County seats in New York
 
1898 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in New York (state)
Bob Denver (January 9, 1935 – September 2, 2005) was an American actor. He was best known for his roles as Gilligan on the 1960s television series Gilligan's Island and  Maynard G. Krebs on the earlier Many Loves of Dobie Gillis. He appeared on many other shows including The Good Guys, Dusty's Trail, and Far-Out Space Nuts, but these could not match his success as Gilligan. In 1998, he was arrested for marijuana possession and in 2005, he underwent heart surgery. After that he learned he had cancer. Before he became an actor, Denver worked as a mailman and a high school teacher.

American television actors
Actors from New York
1935 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from cancer
Note that 1100 is the last year of the 11th century. 1101 is the first year of the 12th century.

Events 
 August 5 – Henry I crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey

Births 
 May 23 – Emperor Qinzong of China (d. 1161)
 Mary and Eliza Chulkhurst, English conjoined twins (died 1134)
 Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1148)

Deaths 
 August 2 – William II of England
A monk is a man  who devoted part or all of his life to a religion. The word comes from Ancient Greek, and can be translated as solitary. In Greek, the word can apply to women, but in modern English it is mainly used for men. The word nun is usually used for female monastics. Monks practice asceticism. They either live alone, or together with other monks who share the same ideals. Monks can be found in different religions, most often in Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Jainism and Taoism.

The monks who live on their own are usually called  hermits, those living with other monks do so in monasteries. Nuns living together do so in a convent.

Some laws monks might choose to obey:
 Poverty: the monk cannot own anything.
 Chastity: the monk cannot have sex or a sexual relationship and cannot start a family or get married.
 Solitude: the monk should always be alone. Some monks choose to not follow this law.
 Silence: the monk shall not speak unless it is necessary.
 Generosity: the monk should always help other people.
 Stillness: the monk cannot travel far unless it is necessary. Sometimes this means that the monk must be cloistered which means that they must not leave their monastery (especially Warsa period). Sometimes they can be allowed to leave, but must not go very far.
 Duty: The monk must do some things every day. For example, the monk must pray or meditate and must do some work.

References 
Information at answers.com

Religious occupations
Dream Theater (often called DT for short) is a progressive metal and progressive rock band formed in the mid-1980s in the United States.

Band members

Current members 
 James LaBrie (vocals)
 John Myung (electric basses)
 John Petrucci (guitar)
 Jordan Rudess (keyboards)
 Mike Mangini (drums)

Previous members 
 Chris Collins (vocals)
 Charlie Dominici (vocals)
 Kevin Moore (keyboards)
 Derek Sherinian (keyboards)
 Mike Portnoy (drums)

Biography 
The band was founded by John Myung, John Petrucci and Mike Portnoy.  Myung and Petrucci are the only original members that are still in the band today. They changed their singer twice in the late 1980s when Chris Collins was replaced by Charles Dominici in 1987. Dominici left the band only three years later, in 1990, and James LaBrie joined and stayed until today. Dream Theater's keyboardist also changed three times. Kevin Moore played with the band from 1986 until 1995 when he left and Derek Sherinan took his position until 1999. Jordan Rudess is Dream Theater's Keyboardist now. He is known for his excellent technique and compositional skills.  In September 2010, drummer Mike Portnoy left Dream Theater, and was replaced by Mike Mangini.

Influences 
The members of Dream Theater are known for having excellent playing technique of their instruments, and for their songwriting. Their music is very complex and the songs are often long, their longest being Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence at 42 minutes in length.

Their songs contain a lot of instrumental sections, in which no vocals are heard and only the instruments play (these parts are called "instrumental passages") and also many solos. Another feature of their music is that during each song, the speed often changes, and occasionally style changes too.

They once said that other bands have trouble making long songs. They said they have trouble making "short" songs. Most of Dream Theater's music is very difficult to play because of the high speed it has to be played with and the complex rhythm.

Discography

Studio albums
When Dream and Day Unite (1989)
Images and Words (1992)
Awake (1994)
Falling into Infinity (1997)
Six Degrees Of Inner Turbulence (2002)
Train of Thought (2003)
Octavarium (2005)
Systematic Chaos (2007)
Black Clouds & Silver Linings (2009)
A Dramatic Turn of Events (2011)
Dream Theater (2013)
The Astonishing (2016)
Distance Over Time (2019)
A View from the Top of the World (2021)

Other websites 
 Dream Theater's official website

1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
Progressive metal bands
Musical groups from New York
Warner Bros. Records artists
Atlantic Records artists
A triangle is a shape, or a part of two dimensional space. It has three straight sides and three vertices. The three angles of a triangle always add up to 180° (180 degrees). It is the polygon with the least possible number of sides. A triangle with vertices A, B, C is written as .

Types of triangles 

Triangles can be grouped according to how many of their sides are equal:
 if all the three sides of a triangle have the same length, then it is an equilateral triangle.
 if a triangle has two sides with the same length, then it is an isosceles triangle.
 if all the three sides of a triangle have different lengths, then we have a scalene triangle.
Triangles can also be grouped by their angles:

 if a triangle has a right angle, that is, if one of the angles of that triangle measures 90° (90 degrees), then it is a right triangle. The opposite side to the right angle is the hypotenuse.
 if a triangle has an obtuse angle, that is, if one of the angles of that triangle is larger than 90°, then it is an obtuse triangle.
 if a triangle has only acute angles, that is, if all the angles of that triangle are less than 90°, then it is an acute triangle.

Uses 
Triangles are extremely useful. The study of geometry related to triangles is called trigonometry. Some people have spent their entire lives studying triangles for use in trigonometry.

Modern computers usually use triangles to make more complex graphic images or shapes.

Related pages
 Law of sines
 Pythagorean theorem
 Sierpinski triangle
 Reuleaux triangle

References 

3
A prefecture is a word used by countries such as Greece and Japan (called νομός, nomós in Greece and called 県 ken in Japan). It is a smaller part of a country with its own government. It is a kind of local government.

It is like an American state or a British county.

In France, it is the head of the department (see Prefectures in France for more detail).
Eris (symbol ) is a dwarf planet and a trans-Neptunian object (TNO). It is the second-largest known dwarf planet in the Solar System. Eris is slightly smaller than Pluto, but it is more massive (has more mass) than Pluto. It is a "scattered disc object" in the Kuiper belt, further out than Pluto. It is also called a plutoid because the IAU decided to rename all trans-Neptunian dwarf planets as plutoids. Eris orbits the sun once every 557 Earth years. It has an elliptical orbit, inclined at an angle of 44° between the plane of the orbit of the planet and the ecliptic, the plane containing Earth's orbital path. 

Eris has one moon, called Dysnomia.

Discovery
Eris was discovered by Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo and David Rabinowitz on January 5, 2005, when they were having a close look at some images of the outer Solar System taken in 2003.

Naming
Eris was originally called Xena, after the main character of the television series Xena: Warrior Princess.  Due to complications, it was officially named Eris on September 13, 2006. Eris is named after the goddess of strife, discord, ⁣ contention and rivalry in Greek mythology.

Moon of Eris
Eris has one moon called Dysnomia. It was discovered on September 10, 2005. Dysnomia was originally nicknamed Gabrielle, after a character from the television series Xena: Warrior Princess, like Eris. However, like Eris, it was renamed to Dysnomia due to complications. Dysnomia was named after the daughter of Eris, in Greek mythology. Dysnomia is the goddess (or spirit) of lawlessness and poor civil constitution.

Classification
Media reports have argued that Eris is the tenth planet, along with astronomers and NASA scientists.  However, the definition of a planet was changed in August 2006. Under the new specifications, Eris, along with Pluto, was lowered in status to a dwarf planet.

Future
Scientists continue to find out more about Eris and its moon, and look for more moons and possible rings. Because Eris is so far away, it would take 24.5 years to visit Eris with a space probe.

References and notes

Related pages
 Dwarf planet
 Pluto

Other websites 

Eris
Michael Gerard Tyson (June 30, 1966) is an American retired boxer. In 1986, he had his 28th professional  match (or fight) as a professional boxer; Because he won that fight also, the World Boxing Council (WBC) gave him the title "World Champion".

He held the heavyweight championship.

Mike Tyson became a professional boxer in 1985 and won a heavyweight title from Trevor Berbick in 1986. He was the youngest man to win a heavyweight title belt. He became recognized as the undisputed champion when he beat Michael Spinks in 1988. He lost his title to Buster Douglas in 1990. Tyson won his first 19 professional bouts by knockout, 12 of them in the first round. 

He was convicted of rape in 1992 and served three years in jail. When he was released he started boxing again and won a few heavyweight titles. Evander Holyfield was the first fighter to beat him in his return. Tyson also fought Lennox Lewis, who beat him, too. He retired from boxing in 2005.

Mike Tyson refereed one match at WrestleMania 14 and later on wrestled in a tag-team match on WWE Raw where he betrayed his partner, Chris Jericho. For these efforts, he was inducted in the WWE Hall of Fame in 2012. He has his a video game called Mike Tyson's Punch Out! named after him. Inducted to the International boxing hall of fame in 2011. 

He converted to Islam and became a Muslim he adopted the name Malik Abdul Aziz; other sources reported this name as Malik Shabazz.

References

Other websites 
 Boxing Record

1966 births
African-American boxers
American rapists
Criminals from New York City
Living people
Sportspeople from New York City
WWE Hall of Fame
Cleveland is a city in northern Eastern Ohio, United States. It is home to over 400,000 people. It was named for General Moses Cleaveland in 1796, but according to legend a mistake in a local newspaper left out the first "a" in its name, which is why it is spelt like it is today. Its metropolitan area makes it the largest urban division in the state. 

During the 19th century, Cleveland's location at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River and Great Lakes port helped make it an important industrial center of the central United States. During World War II, the city became a center of manufacturing and industry, but deindustrialization caused a decline after that. Cleveland had a major revival in the 1980s and 1990s: The Playhouse Square theaters were restored, new skyscrapers like the BP Building and the Key Tower were built, new stadiums were built, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was opened on the lakefront. After a smaller decline in the 2000s, Cleveland has begun to make another comeback.  

Cleveland is home to the Great Lakes Brewing Company and Cleveland Orchestra.

Many professional sports teams make their home in or near Cleveland. They include the Cleveland Indians, who play baseball; the Cleveland Browns, who play football; and the Cleveland Cavaliers, who play basketball. Both the Indians and the Cavaliers have their games at the Gateway District in Downtown while the Browns have a stadium on the shores of Lake Erie. The city's sports teams are known for having not won a major championship from the 1964 NFL Championship Game to the 2016 NBA Finals. The city also hosted the Cleveland Grand Prix IndyCar race until 2008.

Economy 
In the past, Cleveland's economy relied on steel mills and manufacturing. Both are still a major part of the city today, but heavy industry in the area is much smaller than it once was. The city is known today for being a big center for medicine and medical technology, and the Cleveland Clinic is one of the most important hospital systems in the country.

Some major large companies are headquartered in the city, including Sherwin Williams Paint, Cliffs Natural Resources, and Key Bank.

Culture 
Cleveland is a big center for the performing arts, and is the home of Playhouse Square, the second largest theater district in the United States (the largest is Lincoln Center). The complex was built in the 1920s, and after being closed down were restored and reopened in the 1980s.

The Cleveland Orchestra is considered one of the world's finest, and is one of the "Big Five" in the United States. It plays at Severance Hall, in the University Circle neighborhood. It has a major rock music scene, and is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, which is located on the lake in a building designed by IM Pei, a famous architect.

A diverse city, it has vibrant Italian, Irish, African American, Polish, Hungarian, Slovak, Czech, Puerto Rican, Romanian, Jewish, Croatian, and Greek communities, among many others.

References

Other websites 
 City Of Cleveland Home Page 
 Greater Cleveland Convention and Visitors Bureau
 Encyclopedia Of Cleveland History
 Cleveland, Ohio Citizendium

 
County seats in Ohio
Lexus is a luxury car line produced by the Toyota company. Its worldwide motto is "The Pursuit of Perfection '''' slogan in the United States is "The Passionate Pursuit of Perfection"''.

Toyota
Danny Barker (January 13, 1909 – March 13, 1994) was a New Orleans jazz singer-songwriter and musician.

References

1909 births
1994 deaths
African-American singers
American guitarists
American jazz musicians
American singer-songwriters
Musicians from New Orleans, Louisiana
Singers from New Orleans, Louisiana
Charles Henry "Charlie" Christian (July 29, 1916 – March 2, 1942) was an American jazz guitarist. Christian is best known as one of the first famous guitarists to play the electric guitar. He is also remembered as one of the first musicians to help create the styles of jazz music known as "bebop" and "cool jazz."

Career 
Christian first gained fame as a member of the Benny Goodman Orchestra. He played with Goodman from August 1939 to June 1941. He was very good at playing many notes up and down on a sinle guitar string. By playing his guitar through an amplifier his guitar solos made the guitar very loud in the band.

Death 
Christian died in March 1942 when he was only 26 years old. He had been sick with tuberculosis for several years before he died. 

Even though he was jazz guitarist who died before the music style rock and roll was started, he was still a large influence on rock and roll musicians. It was because of this that in 1990 Charlie Christian was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame even though he had never played rock and roll music.

Legacy 
Charles Henry Christian was raised in Oklahoma City in the American state of Oklahoma. In 2006 Oklahoma City renamed a street to "Charlie Christian Avenue." There is also a yearly jazz music festival in Oklahoma City which is named after Charlie Christian.

References 

1916 births
1942 deaths
American guitarists
American jazz musicians
Musicians from Oklahoma
Franco Cerri (January 29, 1926 – October 18, 2021) was an Italian jazz guitar player.
Cerri was seen as the most authoritative Italian guitarist in the jazz field, and his innate sympathy has meant that many viewers, seeing its shares on TV (especially in the 60s), come close to jazz, and studying guitar.
Much appreciated at the international level, has worked with notable musicians such as Django Reinhardt, Gorni Kramer, Chet Baker, Gerry Mulligan, Billie Holiday, Stéphane Grappelli, Lee Konitz, Dizzy Gillespie, Tullio De Piscopo, Pino Presti, Jean-Luc Ponty.

Cerri died on 18 October 2021 in Milan, Italy, at the age of 95.

Discography

Albums 

 1952 - The Franco Cerri Quintet, with Flavio Ambrosetti
 1958 - Jazzin' with Cerri
 1959 - Franco Cerri and his European Jazz Stars, with Lars Gullin, Flavio Ambrosetti, George Gruntz,  Karl Theodor Geier, Pierre Favre
 1960 - Franco Cerri Quartet
 1960 - Franco Cerri Quartet and Choristers
 1961 - Franco Cerri International Jazz Meeting
 1963 - Bossa nova (Columbia, QPX 8043)
 1964 - Chitarra, QPX 8059)
 1966 - 12 bacchette per una chitarra 1968 - La sera a casa con te (Compagnia Generale del Disco CGD, POP 73)
 1970 - Franco Cerri Jazz (Dire, FO 338)
 1973 - Metti una sera Cerri (Music, LPM 2012; with Nando De Luca, Pino Presti and Tullio De Piscopo)
 1974 - From Cathetus to Cicero, with Stefano Cerri and Gianluigi Trovesi
 1975 - A Limen 1975 - Querce platani e cerri 1976 - Nuages (Dischi Ricordi)
 1976 - Franco, Tony e Pompeo (Mallobia, LP 003; with Tony Scott and Bunny Foy)
 1977 - Un suo modo di dire (Dire, FO 347)
 1978 - Noi duero 1979 - Demoiselle 1981 - Omaggio a Bill Evans (Dire, FO 361; with Enrico Intra and Lucio Terzano)
 1982 - Effetto Alfa 1984 - Franco Cerri Today! (Dire, FO 372)
 1985 - From Milan to Frankfurt 1990 - Jazz in Italy (with Enrico Intra quartet; Ariston Records, ARJ/701)
 1990 - Di jazz in jazz (Dire, FO386)
 1993 - Cerri & Cerri 1995 - A Django, en souvenir de Milan 1997 - From Milan to Brussels 1998 - Images 1999 - Di Jazz in Cerri...di Cerri in Jazz 2000 - In punta di Cerri 2003 - From Cathetus to Cicero (re-edit - CD)
 2004 - Ieri & oggi (re-edit of Metti Una sera Cerri + bonus tracks - CD)
 2006 - Just Smile (host)
 2011 - Bossa with Strings (Blue Serge)
 2012 - Cerrimedioatutto'' (M.A.P. Golden Jazz)

References 
 

Italian musicians
Jazz musicians
Guitarists
1926 births
2021 deaths
Hurricane Katrina was one of the deadliest hurricanes to ever strike the United States and the second Category 5 hurricane of the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season.

Storm history 

The storm formed over the Bahamas on August 23, where it moved west and hit south Florida as a Category 1 hurricane two days later. Katrina then crossed over Florida and strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane moving west in the Gulf of Mexico. 

The storm then turned north, had an eyewall replacement cycle, and hit east Louisiana and Mississippi, flooding coastal areas on the morning of August 29. 

The leftovers of Katrina then died out over the Great Lakes on August 31.

Impact 
80% of New Orleans was flooded when the levees protecting the city broke. Most of the people killed by Katrina were thought to have died from drowning. Many of the survivors had swum to higher roofs or tree branches.

Related pages
 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
 Hurricane Rita
 Meteorological history of Hurricane Katrina
 Hurricane Katrina tornado outbreak
 National Weather Service bulletin for New Orleans region
 List of hurricanes in Florida

References

Other websites 

 National Hurricane Center's Tropical Cyclone Report on Hurricane Katrina
 National Hurricane Center's archive on Hurricane Katrina
 Hurricane Katrina Rainfall Information from HPC 
 Hydro-meteorological Prediction Center's 
 NASA's Hurricane Katrina Archive
 Geology and Hurricane-Protection Strategies in the Greater New Orleans Area Louisiana Geological Survey publication on Hurricane Katrina

2005 in the United States
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
George W. Bush
2000s in Louisiana
 
Hurricanes in the United States
Retired tropical cyclone names
2005 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricanes in Louisiana