cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Chirality is when an object is present in two forms which are mirror images of each other.

The two forms cannot be superimposed. Human hands are chiral. The left hand is a mirror image of the right hand. You cannot turn or move one of your hands to look exactly the same as the other. This is why you can not put a left handed glove on your right hand, or shake the right hand of a person using your left hand.

In chemistry 
In chemistry, chirality refers to molecules. If a molecule is chiral it has two forms that are mirror images of each other but otherwise identical.

Chemists call these enantiomers or optical isomers. Because the difference between right and left hands is easy to understand, chemists call enantiomers either 'right-' or 'left-handed'. A mixture of equal amounts of the two enantiomers is called a racemic mixture.

Molecular chirality is quite common. It is found in stereochemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, and biochemistry.

The symmetry of a molecule (or any other object) tells us whether it is chiral.  A molecule is achiral (not chiral) if it has an axis of symmetry.

Racemic mixtures 
A racemic mixture is one which has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule.

Homochiralism in biology 
Many biologically active molecules are chiral, including amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) and sugars. Most of these compounds are of the same chirality. Most amino acids are L (left-handed) and sugars are D. (right-handed). Proteins made of L amino acids, are known as left-handed proteins, whereas D amino acids produce right-handed proteins.

The origin of homochirality in the first place is much discussed. Most believe that the original origin of chiralities was purely random. They think if carbon-based life forms exist elsewhere in the universe, the chemistry might have different chirality. Other theories are possible.

Enzymes, which are chiral, usually only work with one enantiomer of a chiral substrate. Imagine an enzyme as having a glove-like cavity that binds a substrate. If this glove is right-handed, then one enantiomer will fit inside and be bound, whereas the other enantiomer will have a poor fit and is unlikely to bind.

It was economical for life-forms to adopt one form or the other of each type of chiral compound. That way we do not need two enzymes for every chemical reaction which involves chirality.

Notes 

Stereochemistry
In graphics, superimposition is when an image or video is put on top of an already-existing image or video. This is  usually done to add to the overall image effect or to hide something (such as when a different face is superimposed over the original face in a photograph). 

This technique is used in cartography to produce photomaps by superimposing grid lines, contour lines and other linear or textual mapping features over aerial photographs.

Superimposition of 2D images containing correlated periodic grid structures may produce moiré patterns. Superimposition of two correlated layers comprising parallel lines or curves may give rise line moiré patterns. The movement of one of the layers results in a faster movement of the line moiré superimposition image. Such optical acceleration is known as moiré speedup (check for the formulas of optical speedup for curved patterns). When superimposing two identical layers comprising randomly spaced parallel lines, at a small angle or with a small scaling difference random line moiré patterns, namely line Glass patterns (after Leon Glass, 1969) appear. Similarly, when superimposing two identical layers of randomly scattered dots at a small angle or with a small scaling difference random dot Glass patterns, namely random dot moiré, appears. When one of the layers embeds complex shapes, such as sequences of symbols forming a text, and another layer contains parallel lines or curves, the superimposition image may gives rise to magnified shapes, called shape moiré patterns.

Graphics
Printmaking
Jan Koller (born March 30 1973) is a Czech football player. He plays for Cannes and Czech Republic national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Sparta Prague||rowspan="2"|Gambrinus liga||6||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||1
|-
|1995/96||23||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||23||4

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="3"|Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen||rowspan="3"|First Division||31||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||8
|-
|1997/98||33||11||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||11
|-
|1998/99||33||24||5||3||colspan="2"|-||38||27
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Anderlecht||rowspan="2"|First Division||33||20||12||10||colspan="2"|-||45||30
|-
|2000/01||32||22||5||2||13||4||50||28

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|Borussia Dortmund||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||32||11||1||0||13||6||46||17
|-
|2002/03||34||13||colspan="2"|-||12||8||46||21
|-
|2003/04||32||16||colspan="2"|-||3||0||35||16
|-
|2004/05||30||15||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||30||15
|-
|2005/06||9||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||9||4

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Monaco||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||32||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||8
|-
|2007/08||18||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||18||4

|-
|2007/08||Nürnberg||Bundesliga||14||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||14||2

|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Krylia Sovetov Samara||rowspan="2"|Premier League||18||7||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||18||7
|-
|2009||28||9||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||9

|-
|2009/10||Cannes||Ligue 1||||||||||||||||
29||5||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||29||5
162||85||22||15||13||4||197||104
151||61||1||0||28||14||180||75
50||12||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||50||12
46||16||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||46||16
438||179||23||15||41||18||502||212
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1999||10||9
|-
|2000||11||6
|-
|2001||7||0
|-
|2002||9||5
|-
|2003||9||7
|-
|2004||14||6
|-
|2005||6||7
|-
|2006||8||7
|-
|2007||9||4
|-
|2008||7||4
|-
|2009||1||0
|-
!Total||91||55
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Czech footballers
Rüştü Reçber (born 10 May 1973) is a Turkish football player. He plays for Beşiktaş and Turkey national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="3"|Antalyaspor||||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1992/93||||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1993/94||||33||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="9"|Fenerbahçe||rowspan="9"|Süper Lig||9||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|1995/96||29||0||11||0||colspan="2"|-||40||0
|-
|1996/97||28||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||36||0
|-
|1997/98||33||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||38||0
|-
|1998/99||30||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||35||0
|-
|1999/00||25||0||9||0||colspan="2"|-||34||0
|-
|2000/01||33||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||41||0
|-
|2001/02||30||0||12||0||colspan="2"|-||42||0
|-
|2002/03||24||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||0

|-
|2003/04||Barcelona||La Liga||4||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||7||0

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Fenerbahçe||rowspan="3"|Süper Lig||29||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0||35||0
|-
|2005/06||17||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2006/07||8||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||8||0
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Beşiktaş||rowspan="3"|Süper Lig||22||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||0
|-
|2008/09||28||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
380||0||66||0||6||0||452||0
4||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||7||0
384||0||66||0||9||0||459||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1994||2||0
|-
|1995||11||0
|-
|1996||10||0
|-
|1997||7||0
|-
|1998||5||0
|-
|1999||7||0
|-
|2000||9||0
|-
|2001||10||0
|-
|2002||13||0
|-
|2003||13||0
|-
|2004||12||0
|-
|2005||4||0
|-
|2006||10||0
|-
|2007||2||0
|-
|2008||3||0
|-
|2009||1||0
|-
!Total||119||0
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Turkish footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Darren Kenneth Matthews (born May 10, 1968) also known by his ring name William Regal, is an English professional wrestler, currently signed to the World Wrestling Entertainment where he is the commissioner of the NXT brand.

References

Matthews, Darren and Chandler, Neil (2005) Walking a Golden Mile, Pocket Books ()

1968 births
Living people
WWE wrestlers
English professional wrestlers
Bryan Robson is a former football player born on 11 January 1957. He has played for England national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1974-75||rowspan="8"|West Bromwich Albion||rowspan="2"|Second Division||3||2
|-
|1975-76||16||1
|-
|1976-77||rowspan="6"|First Division||23||8
|-
|1977-78||35||3
|-
|1978-79||41||7
|-
|1979-80||35||9
|-
|1980-81||40||10
|-
|1981-82||5||0
|-
|1981-82||rowspan="13"|Manchester United||rowspan="11"|First Division||32||5
|-
|1982-83||33||10
|-
|1983-84||33||12
|-
|1984-85||33||9
|-
|1985-86||21||7
|-
|1986-87||30||7
|-
|1987-88||36||11
|-
|1988-89||34||4
|-
|1989-90||20||2
|-
|1990-91||17||1
|-
|1991-92||27||4
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="2"|Premier League||14||1
|-
|1993-94||15||1
|-
|1994-95||rowspan="2"|Middlesbrough||First Division||25||1
|-
|1995-96||Premier League||0||0
568||115
568||115
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1980||5||0
|-
|1981||9||1
|-
|1982||12||5
|-
|1983||3||3
|-
|1984||10||5
|-
|1985||10||2
|-
|1986||5||2
|-
|1987||7||3
|-
|1988||11||1
|-
|1989||10||4
|-
|1990||5||0
|-
|1991||3||0
|-
!Total||90||26
|}

References

1957 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
Manchester United F.C. players
Sportspeople from County Durham
Premier League players
Robbie Fowler (born 9 April 1975) is an English former professional football player.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="9"|Liverpool||rowspan="9"|Premier League||28||12||1||0||5||6||0||0||34||18
|-
|1994/95||42||25||7||2||8||4||0||0||57||31
|-
|1995/96||38||28||7||6||4||2||4||0||53||36
|-
|1996/97||32||18||1||1||4||5||7||7||44||31
|-
|1997/98||20||9||1||0||4||3||3||1||28||13
|-
|1998/99||25||14||2||1||2||1||6||2||35||18
|-
|1999/00||14||3||0||0||0||0||0||0||14||3
|-
|2000/01||27||8||5||2||5||6||11||1||48||17
|-
|2001/02||10||3||0||0||0||0||7||1||17||4
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Leeds United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||22||12||1||0||0||0||0||0||23||12
|-
|2002/03||8||2||1||0||0||0||1||0||10||2
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="4"|Manchester City||rowspan="4"|Premier League||13||2||0||0||0||0||0||0||13||2
|-
|2003/04||31||7||4||1||2||1||4||1||41||10
|-
|2004/05||32||10||0||0||1||1||0||0||33||11
|-
|2005/06||4||1||1||3||0||0||0||0||5||4
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Liverpool||rowspan="2"|Premier League||13||5||0||0||0||0||2||0||15||5
|-
|2006/07||16||3||0||0||3||2||2||2||20||7
|-
|2007/08||Cardiff City||League Championship||13||4||0||0||3||2||0||0||16||6
|-
|2008/09||Blackburn Rovers||Premier League||3||0||0||0||3||0||0||0||6||0

|-
|2009/10||North Queensland Fury||A-League||||||||||||||||||||
390||165||31||16||44||33||47||15||510||230
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
390||165||31||16||44||33||47||15||510||230
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1996||5||0
|-
|1997||2||2
|-
|1998||1||0
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||4||1
|-
|2001||7||2
|-
|2002||4||2
|-
!Total||26||7
|}

References 

1975 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
Sportspeople from Liverpool
Premier League players
Hernán Crespo (born 5 July 1975) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Parma.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="3"|River Plate||rowspan="3"|Primera División||25||13||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0||28||13
|-
|1994/95||18||5||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||2||22||7
|-
|1995/96||19||6||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||13||10||32||16

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Parma||rowspan="4"|Serie A||27||12||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||12
|-
|1997/98||25||12||2||0||colspan="2"|-||8||2||35||14
|-
|1998/99||30||16||7||6||colspan="2"|-||8||6||45||28
|-
|1999/00||34||22||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||3||42||25
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Lazio||rowspan="2"|Serie A||32||26||1||0||colspan="2"|-||6||2||39||28
|-
|2001/02||22||13||4||4||colspan="2"|-||7||3||33||20
|-
|2002/03||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||18||7||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||9||30||16

|-
|2003/04||Chelsea||Premier League||19||10||0||0||2||0||10||2||31||12

|-
|2004/05||Milan||Serie A||28||11||1||1||colspan="2"|-||10||6||39||18

|-
|2005/06||Chelsea||Premier League||30||10||5||1||1||0||5||2||41||13

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="3"|Serie A||29||14||4||4||colspan="2"|-||6||1||39||19
|-
|2007/08||19||4||5||2||colspan="2"|-||5||1||29||7
|-
|2008/09||14||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0||17||2
|-
|2009/10||Genoa||Serie A||16||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||4||2||21||7
|-
|2009/10||Parma||Serie A||||||||||||||||||||
62||24||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||12||82||36
294||144||31||17||colspan="2"|-||73||33||398||196
49||20||5||1||3||0||15||4||71||25
405||188||36||18||3||0||108||51||550||257
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||2||0
|-
|1997||9||3
|-
|1998||3||3
|-
|1999||4||1
|-
|2000||8||4
|-
|2001||6||6
|-
|2002||4||2
|-
|2003||5||3
|-
|2004||4||1
|-
|2005||7||6
|-
|2006||6||3
|-
|2007||5||3
|-
!Total||64||35
|}

References 

1975 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
Kevin Keegan (born 14 February 1951) is a former English football player. He has played for England national team in the seventies.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1968/69||rowspan="3"|Scunthorpe United||rowspan="3"|Fourth Division||33||2||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||35||2
|-
|1969/70||46||6||7||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||54||9
|-
|1970/71||45||10||6||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||52||11
|-
|1971/72||rowspan="6"|Liverpool||rowspan="6"|First Division||35||9||3||2||1||0||3||0||42||11
|-
|1972/73||41||13||4||0||8||5||11||4||64||22
|-
|1973/74||42||12||9||6||6||1||4||0||61||19
|-
|1974/75||33||10||2||1||3||0||3||1||41||12
|-
|1975/76||41||12||2||1||3||0||11||3||57||16
|-
|1976/77||38||12||8||4||2||0||8||4||56||20

|-
|1977/78||rowspan="3"|Hamburger SV||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||25||6||4||4||colspan="2"|-||4||2||33||12
|-
|1978/79||34||17||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||35||17
|-
|1979/80||31||9||3||0||colspan="2"|-||9||2||43||11

|-
|1980/81||rowspan="2"|Southampton||rowspan="2"|First Division||27||11||4||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||32||12
|-
|1981/82||41||26||1||1||2||1||4||2||48||30
|-
|1982/83||rowspan="2"|Newcastle United||rowspan="2"|Second Division||37||21||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||41||21
|-
|1983/84||41||27||1||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||44||28
500||171||50||19||36||9||44||14||720||245
90||32||8||4||colspan="2"|-||13||4||111||40
590||203||58||23||36||9||57||18||831||285
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1972||1||0
|-
|1973||1||0
|-
|1974||7||2
|-
|1975||8||2
|-
|1976||9||2
|-
|1977||8||2
|-
|1978||6||3
|-
|1979||8||5
|-
|1980||6||3
|-
|1981||5||1
|-
|1982||4||1
|-
!Total||63||21
|}

References 

1951 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
England national football team managers
People from South Yorkshire
Raúl González Blanco (born 27 June 1977) is a retired Spanish football player.

Path

Raúl started his career as a professional football player at Real Madrid. He has won three UEFA Champions Leagues, six Spanish leagues, four Spanish Super Cups, one UEFA Super Cup and two Intercontinental Cups. At the moment, he is the top scorer at European competitions.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="16"|Real Madrid||rowspan="16"|La Liga||28||9||2||1||colspan="2"|-||30||10
|-
|1995/96||40||19||2||1||8||6||50||26
|-
|1996/97||42||21||5||1||colspan="2"|-||47||22
|-
|1997/98||35||10||1||0||12||2||48||12
|-
|1998/99||37||25||2||0||8||3||47||28
|-
|1999/00||34||17||4||0||16||11||54||28
|-
|2000/01||36||24||0||0||12||7||48||31
|-
|2001/02||35||14||6||6||13||6||54||26
|-
|2002/03||31||16||2||0||12||9||45||25
|-
|2003/04||35||11||7||6||9||2||51||19
|-
|2004/05||32||9||1||0||10||4||43||13
|-
|2005/06||27||5||0||0||6||2||33||7
|-
|2006/07||35||7||1||0||7||5||43||12
|-
|2007/08||37||18||1||0||8||5||46||23
|-
|2008/09||37||18||1||3||7||3||45||24
|-
|2009/10||30||5||2||0||7||2||39||7

|-
|2010/11||rowspan="2"|FC Schalke 04||rowspan="2"|1. Bundesliga||34||13||4||1||12||5||51||19
|-
|2011/12||32||15||3||2||11||4||47||21
550||228||37||18||132||66||719||312
550||228||37||18||132||66||719||312
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1996||4||1
|-
|1997||6||0
|-
|1998||10||4
|-
|1999||9||10
|-
|2000||11||3
|-
|2001||9||5
|-
|2002||9||6
|-
|2003||10||8
|-
|2004||13||3
|-
|2005||12||2
|-
|2006||9||2
|-
!Total||102||44
|}

References 

1977 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Sportspeople from Madrid
Luís Filipe Madeira Caeiro Figo OIH (born 4 November 1972) is a former Portuguese football player. He had played for Portugal national team and last played for Inter Milan.

Career Statistics

=Club Career

International Career

|-
|1991||3||0
|-
|1992||7||1
|-
|1993||5||0
|-
|1994||5||2
|-
|1995||6||1
|-
|1996||9||2
|-
|1997||7||2
|-
|1998||6||0
|-
|1999||9||4
|-
|2000||13||6
|-
|2001||9||9
|-
|2002||10||0
|-
|2003||10||3
|-
|2004||11||1
|-
|2005||7||0
|-
|2006||10||1
|-
!Total||127||32
|}

International goals
Scores and results list Portugal's goal tally first.

Honours

Club
Sporting CP
 Taça de Portugal: 1994–95

Barcelona
 La Liga: 1997–98, 1998–99
 Copa del Rey: 1997, 1998
 Supercopa de España: 1996
 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1997
 UEFA Super Cup: 1997

Real Madrid
 La Liga: 2000–01, 2002–03
 Supercopa de España: 2001, 2003
 UEFA Champions League: 2002
 UEFA Super Cup: 2002
 Intercontinental Cup: 2002

Inter Milan
 Serie A: 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09
 Coppa Italia: 2006
 Supercoppa Italiana: 2006, 2008

Individual
 UEFA Under-21 Championship Golden Player: 1994
 Portuguese Golden Ball: 1994
 Sporting CP Player of the Year: 1994
 Portuguese Footballer of the Year: 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
 ESM Team of the Year: 1997–98, 1999-00
 La Liga Foreign Player of the Year: 1999, 2000, 2001
 UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 2000, 2004
 World Soccer (magazine) Player of the Year: 2000
 Ballon d'Or: 2000
 FIFA World Player of the Year: 2001
 FIFA World Player of the Year – Silver Award: 2000
 UEFA Team of the Year: 2003
 UEFA Champions League top assist provider: 2004–05
 FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 2006
 Inter Milan Player of the Year: 2006
 FIFA 100
 Golden Foot: 2011, as football legend
 IFFHS Legends

Orders
  Officer of the Order of Prince Henry
  Knight of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa (House of Braganza)

References 

1972 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
Rudi Völler (born 13 April 1960) is a former German football player. He has played for Germany national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1977/78||rowspan="3"|Frankfurt Offenbach||rowspan="3"|2. Bundesliga||5||1
|-
|1978/79||31||11
|-
|1979/80||38||7
|-
|1980/81||rowspan="2"|1860 München||Bundesliga||33||9
|-
|1981/82||2. Bundesliga||37||37
|-
|1982/83||rowspan="5"|Werder Bremen||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||31||23
|-
|1983/84||31||18
|-
|1984/85||32||25
|-
|1985/86||13||9
|-
|1986/87||30||22

|-
|1987/88||rowspan="5"|Roma||rowspan="5"|Serie A||21||3
|-
|1988/89||29||10
|-
|1989/90||32||14
|-
|1990/91||30||11
|-
|1991/92||30||7

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="2"|Olympique Marseille||rowspan="2"|Division 1||33||18
|-
|1993/94||25||6

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||30||16
|-
|1995/96||32||10
343||188
142||45
58||24
543||257
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1982||1||0
|-
|1983||10||7
|-
|1984||10||4
|-
|1985||8||4
|-
|1986||10||7
|-
|1987||6||3
|-
|1988||10||4
|-
|1989||5||3
|-
|1990||13||8
|-
|1991||6||2
|-
|1992||6||2
|-
|1993||0||0
|-
|1994||5||3
|-
!Total||90||47
|}

References 

1960 births
Living people
German football managers
German footballers
People from Hanau
Sportspeople from Hesse
Freddy Adu (born June 2, 1989) is an American soccer player from Ghana. He plays for Aris Thessaloniki and the American national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2004||rowspan="3"|DC United||rowspan="3"|Major League Soccer||30||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||31||5
|-
|2005||25||4||2||1||colspan="2"|-||27||5
|-
|2006||32||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||34||2
|-
|2007||Real Salt Lake||Major League Soccer||11||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||1

|-
|2007/08||Benfica||Portuguese Liga||11||2||6||3||3||3||20||8

|-
|2008/09||Monaco||Ligue 1||9||0||1||0||1||0||11||0

|-
|2009/10||Os Belenenses||Portuguese Liga||3||0||0||0||1||0||4||0

|-
|2009/10||Aris Thessaloniki||Super League||||||||||||||||
98||12||5||1||colspan="2"|-||103||13
14||2||6||3||4||3||24||8
9||0||1||0||1||0||11||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
121||14||12||4||5||3||138||21
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2006||1||0
|-
|2007||2||0
|-
|2008||9||1
|-
|2009||3||1
|-
!Total||15||2
|}

References 

1989 births
Living people
American soccer players
Ghanaian people
Murat Yakin (; born 15 September 1974) is a former football player. He has played for Switzerland national team. He is the manager of Switzerland national football team since 2021.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992-93||rowspan="5"|Grasshopper Zürich||rowspan="5"|Super League||18||1
|-
|1993-94||29||3
|-
|1994-95||18||2
|-
|1995-96||8||3
|-
|1996-97||28||8

|-
|1997-98||Stuttgart||Bundesliga||23||2

|-
|1998-99||rowspan="2"|Fenerbahçe||rowspan="2"|Süper Lig||23||3
|-
|1999-00||3||0

|-
|1999-00||Basel||Super League||12||1

|-
|2000-01||Kaiserslautern||Bundesliga||9||0

|-
|2000-01||rowspan="6"|Basel||rowspan="6"|Super League||11||1
|-
|2001-02||32||7
|-
|2002-03||26||6
|-
|2003-04||20||7
|-
|2004-05||13||3
|-
|2005-06||1||0
216||42
32||2
26||3
274||47
|}

International career statistics

|-
!Total||49||4
|}

References

1974 births
Living people
Swiss footballers
Swiss football managers
Sportspeople from Basel
Paul Sturrock is a former football player. He has played for Dundee United and Scotland national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1974-75||rowspan="15"|Dundee United||Division One||12||6||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0||13||6
|-
|1975-76||rowspan="14"|Premier Division||17||3||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||1||27||5
|-
|1976-77||36||15||1||1||5||1||colspan="2"|-||42||17
|-
|1977-78||33||3||4||1||8||3||2||1||47||8
|-
|1978-79||33||6||1||0||2||1||2||0||38||7
|-
|1979-80||33||4||2||1||9||6||4||0||48||11
|-
|1980-81||35||13||7||1||11||9||4||0||57||23
|-
|1981-82||31||15||5||2||11||6||7||1||54||24
|-
|1982-83||28||8||1||0||9||7||7||1||45||16
|-
|1983-84||17||4||3||2||2||0||5||0||27||6
|-
|1984-85||30||14||6||2||6||2||6||2||48||20
|-
|1985-86||31||8||5||2||5||0||5||3||46||13
|-
|1986-87||30||6||6||0||3||0||11||0||50||6
|-
|1987-88||9||3||colspan="2"|-||3||2||3||2||15||7
|-
|1988-89||9||1||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||14||1
384||109||48||12||79||38||60||11||571||170
384||109||48||12||79||38||60||11||571||170
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1981||4||1
|-
|1982||6||1
|-
|1983||3||0
|-
|1984||2||1
|-
|1985||0||0
|-
|1986||4||0
|-
|1987||1||0
|-
!Total||20||3
|}

References

1956 births
Living people
Scottish footballers
Scottish football managers
Mark Viduka (born 9 October 1975) is an Australian football player. He has played for Australia national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="3"|Melbourne Knights||rowspan="3"|National Soccer League||4||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||2
|-
|1993/94||21||17||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||21||17
|-
|1994/95||24||21||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||21
|-

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="4"|Croatia Zagreb||rowspan="4"|Prva HNL||27||12||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||27||12
|-
|1996/97||25||18||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||18
|-
|1997/98||25||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||8
|-
|1998/99||7||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||7||2
|-

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Celtic||rowspan="2"|Premier League||9||5||2||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||8
|-
|1999/00||28||25||1||0||4||1||4||1||37||27
|-

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|Leeds United||rowspan="4"|Premier League||34||17||2||1||1||0||16||4||53||22
|-
|2001/02||33||11||1||1||1||1||7||3||42||17
|-
|2002/03||33||20||4||2||1||0||2||0||40||22
|-
|2003/04||30||11||1||1||0||0||0||0||31||12
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Middlesbrough||rowspan="3"|Premier League||16||5||0||0||1||0||4||2||21||7
|-
|2005/06||27||7||5||2||2||1||9||6||43||16
|-
|2006/07||29||14||7||5||1||0||0||0||37||19
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Newcastle United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||26||7||2||0||0||0||0||0||28||7
|-
|2008/09||12||0||0||0||0||0||0||12||0
49||40||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||49||40
84||40||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||84||40
37||30||3||3||4||1||4||1||48||35
240||92||22||12||7||2||38||15||307||121
410||202||25||15||11||3||42||16||488||236
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1994||2||0
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||0||0
|-
|1997||10||2
|-
|1998||2||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||2||0
|-
|2001||3||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||3||1
|-
|2004||2||0
|-
|2005||7||3
|-
|2006||6||0
|-
|2007||6||5
|-
!Total||43||11
|}

References

1975 births
Living people
Australian footballers
Sportspeople from Melbourne
Baichung Bhutia (born 15 December 1976) is an former Indian professional footballer.   He played for the India national football team.

Bhutia retired from international competition in 2011.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="2"|East Bengal||||||
|-
|1994/95||||||
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|JCT Mills||||||
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="3"|I-League||20||14
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|East Bengal||16||8
|-
|1998/99||15||7

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="3"|Bury||rowspan="3"|Second Division||14||2
|-
|2000/01||20||1
|-
|2001/02||3||0

|-
|2002/03||Mohun Bagan||I-League||11||6

|-
|2003||Perak||Premier 1||8||4

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|East Bengal||rowspan="2"|I-League||20||12
|-
|2004/05||18||9

|-
|2005||Selangor||Super League||5||1

|-
|2005/06||East Bengal||rowspan="6"|I-League||16||12
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Mohun Bagan||12||4
|-
|2007/08||16||9
|-
|2008/09||||
|-
|2009/10||rowspan="2"|East Bengal||||
|-
|2010/11||||
|-
|2011/12||rowspan="2"|United Sikkim||rowspan="2"|I-League 2nd Div.||
|-
|2012/13||||
144||81
37||3
13||5
194||89
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1995||||
|-
|1996||||
|-
|1997||||
|-
|1998||||
|-
|1999||||
|-
|2000||||
|-
|2001||5||2
|-
|2002||2||0
|-
|2003||3||2
|-
|2004||4||0
|-
|2005||3||2
|-
|2006||7||1
|-
|2007||7||3
|-
|2008||11||5
|-
|2009||5||3
|-
!Total||||
|}

Honours
 Arjuna Award,1998
 He played extremely well but now is retired.
 Banga Bhushan award in 2014

References 

1976 births
Living people
Indian footballers
Matthew Le Tissier is a former football player. He has played for Southampton and England national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1986-87||rowspan="16"|Southampton||rowspan="6"|First Division||24||6
|-
|1987-88||19||0
|-
|1988-89||28||9
|-
|1989-90||35||20
|-
|1990-91||35||19
|-
|1991-92||32||16
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="10"|Premier League||40||15
|-
|1993-94||38||25
|-
|1994-95||41||20
|-
|1995-96||34||7
|-
|1996-97||31||13
|-
|1997-98||26||11
|-
|1998-99||30||7
|-
|1999-00||18||3
|-
|2000-01||8||1
|-
|2001-02||4||0
443||172
443||172
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1994||5||0
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||1||0
|-
!Total||8||0
|}

References

1968 births
Living people
English footballers
Guernsey
Amarok is a music player for the KDE desktop environment. Unlike most KDE programs, it has its own schedule for releasing versions, so a new version of Amarok might not be released when a new version of KDE comes out. Amarok's first stable version was released in 2003. They are now on version 2.4.3.

Features 

Amarok cannot play videos. However, it can play most sound and music files in a large range of formats, like MP3, Ogg Vorbis, and WMA. Amarok also includes an internet radio tuner, and supports submitting a listener's music preferences to Last.fm. It can sync music to most MP3 players, like the iPod or ZEN.

Versions

Amarok was updated to version 2 along with the major upgrade of KDE3 to KDE4.  The newer KDE4 version of Amarok is still missing some features when compared with the previous KDE3 version, but it does have some new features not included with the earlier one.

Many users of KDE3 Amarok believed it was the best software music player of any platform (Windows, Mac, Linux), and it had a great and loyal following.  This loyalty has faded somewhat since the KDE4 release, though Amarok developers are still working hard to make certain the newer Amarok meets and exceeds all users' expectations.

References

KDE
Caesar or Cæsar may mean:

Ancient Rome 
 Caesar (title), a title used by Roman Emperors and also Ottoman Turkish Emperors, related as well to "Tsar" and "Kaiser"

Roman Gens Julia 
 Gaius Julius Caesar (100 BC–44 BC) Roman general and dictator, hence
 Julius Caesar (play), a tragedy by William Shakespeare
 Julius Caesar (mini), a 2002 mini-series about Caesar, directed by Uli Edel
 Gaius Julius Caesar (proconsul of Asia, 90s BC), father of the dictator
 Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, the first Roman Emperor, nephew and adoptive son of the dictator
 Other members of the Julii Caesares, the family from which the dictator came

Culture 
 Caesars Casino, part of Harrah's Entertainment
 Caesars Palace, a number of hotel/casino resorts
 Caesars Windsor, a casino in Windsor Ontario, Canada

Food 
 Caesar (cocktail), a cocktail made with vodka and Clamato that is popular primarily in Canada  
 The Caesar salad, a salad named after Caesar Cardini
 Little Caesars, a pizza restaurant chain

Science 
 Caesar cipher, an encryption technique used by the Roman dictator on military campaigns
 Caesarean section, a surgical procedure to deliver a baby when a normal birth is difficult.
An informal fallacy is an logical argument whose  premises fail to support their conclusion. Informal fallacies often come from errors in reasoning.

In contrast to a formal fallacy, the error has to do with issues of inference. Because language is used to state the propositions, natural language allows one to say more than  formal logic can represent. All informal fallacies of deductive reasoning contain a disconnect between the premises and the conclusion. This  makes the argument invalid. The disconnect happens because there is a hidden co-premise. If this co-premise were stated, it would make the argument valid.

Inductive informal fallacies are rather different from their deductive counterparts. Their merit rests in the inductive strength of the premiseconclusion link, not the presence of hidden premises. For instance, the fallacy of hasty generalization, can be roughly stated as:

p) S is a P
p) S is also a Q
c) therefore, all Ps are also Qs

If the populations of P and Q are both too large to sample completely, then the statement is inductive. In such a case, a hasty generalization occurs when the number of Ps and Qs does not represent the respective populations. It is important to distinguish between a principle of reasoning (deductive or inductive) and the premise of an argument.

Some informal fallacies are fallacies of ambiguity. For example:

 Feathers are light. ("light" as "not heavy")
 What is light cannot be dark. ("light" as "containing a lot of white")
 Therefore, feathers cannot be dark.

Equivocations are more difficult to detect in cases where the two meanings are closely related to each other.

References

Other websites
 Logical fallacies A list of logical fallacies, explained.
 An Informal Fallacy Primer 

Logical fallacies
Critical thinking
The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom, that was started in 1833. It was engineered by Isambard Kingdom Brunel.

The railway company also ran bus services and owned ships and hotels. In 1948, the government took control of the company and Great Western Railway then was renamed the Western Region of British Railways.

The first railway line built by the Great Western Railway opened in 1838. It started in London and ended in Maidenhead which was  west. By 1841, the area of service had been made much longer and so their trains went farther west to the towns of Reading, Swindon, Bath and Bristol. By 1852, the railway line had become  long and went to Penzance. Penzance railway station is both the farthest south and farthest west in Great Britain.  

In 1923, the GWR took over several smaller railways (most of them in Wales) and became one of the Big Four British railway companies. In 1948, Britain's railways were nationalized and the GWR became the Western Region of British Railways.

Related pages 
 Reading railway station

Rail transport in Great Britain
Defunct railway companies of the United Kingdom
1833 establishments
1948 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1830s establishments in the United Kingdom

cs:Isambard Kingdom Brunel#Great Western Railway
A stimulant is any of a group of drugs that can increase alertness and awareness, usually for a short time only. Most stimulants have more side-effects than other drugs. Some are classified as illegal drugs, most can cause addiction. For this reason, most legal stimulants are only available on prescription. Stimulants act on the nerves: Stimulants cause more neurotransmitters to the synapse (this is the gap between different nerves)

Most stimulants fall into one of the following groups:
 Amphetamine and its derivates: Methylphenidate, Methamphetamine, Pseudoephedrine Ephedrine, Ecstasy
 Xanthines: Caffeine, Theophylline, Theobromine
 Piperazine and its derivates: Benzylpiperazine, Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine
 Various others: Cocaine, Nicotine, Modafinil

Some of the substances mentioned above can be used to treat certain diseases. Some are mostly used as illegal drugs.

Chemistry
Drugs
Benzylpiperazine, commonly referred to as BZP is an recreational drug. It is also available with trade names such as "A2", "Frenzy" and "Nemesis", It is a stimulant and may cause Euphoria. People believe it works in a way similar to MDMA. The effects produced by BZP are comparable to those produced by amphetamine. Side-effects include acute psychosis, problems with the kidneys
Adverse effects have been reported following its use including acute psychosis and seizures. It does not appear to be very addictive and no deaths have been reported following taking BZP once. There have been at least two deaths  which resulted from the combination of BZP and MDMA. Its sale is banned in a few countries, including the United States, Australia, New Zealand and in parts of Europe. However, its legal status is currently less restrictive in some other countries such as Ireland and Canada. The European Union is currently changing its laws to regulate this substance more.

References 

Drugs
The Turkish new lira () is the currency of Turkey and the unrecognised Turkish Northern Republic of Cyprus. The new lira is subdivided into 100 new kurush (yeni kuruş), the equivalent of American Cents or British Pennies. The symbol for the currency is YTL.

In the last few years the Turkish lira stabilised and even rose against the U.S. Dollars and the Euro.

In late December 2003, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey passed a law that allowed for the removal of six zeroes from the currency, and the creation of the new lira. It was introduced on 1 January 2005, replacing the previous lira (which remained valid in circulation until the end of 2005) at a rate of 1 new lira = 1,000,000 old lira.

The official name of the currency is "New Turkish Lira". According to the Central Bank, the word "new" (yeni) is only a "temporary" measure. The "new" was be removed on January 1, 2009. The banknotes have "different shapes and sizes to prevent forgery".

References

Turkish currency
Oedipus is a mythical or fictional king in Greek mythology. He is adopted as a baby. Without knowing who they are, he marries his biological mother, Then they have a baby, But before this, he kills his biological father. The psychologist Sigmund Freud had a theory and he called it the Oedipus complex, after this story.

Oedipus Tyranos, or Oedipus the King, is a well-known tragedy by Sophocles.

Oedipus has 4 children, Antigone, Polynices, Ismene and Eteocles. All of these are by his mother Jocasta. Later, they find out they are related to each other. Jocasta hangs herself and Oedipus rips out his eyes in disgust.

Ancient Greece
Incest in fiction
Mythology
The Socratic Method (or Method of Elenchus or Socratic Debate), is named after the Greek philosopher Socrates. It is a form of philosophical questioning.

The central technique of the Socratic method is called an elenchus. It means argument to disprove or refute (prove wrong).

Socrates in Plato's dialogues 
Our knowledge of Socrates comes mainly from Plato, who was one of his pupils. No writing by Socrates survives. 

Socrates was famous for not answering questions in a direct manner. "I know that I know nothing", he said. Socrates's stated position (as presented in Plato's dialogues) was that other person already knew the answer to a question. He (S.) only drew out what was already in the other's mind. 

In Plato's early dialogues, the elenchus is the technique Socrates uses to investigate ethical concepts, such as justice or virtue. According to one scholar, it has the following steps:

Socrates' student or partner asserts a thesis, for example "Courage is endurance of the soul". 
Socrates secures his agreement to further premises, for example "Courage is a fine thing" and "Ignorant endurance is not a fine thing".
Socrates then argues, and the partner agrees, that these further premises imply the opposite of the original thesis, in this case it leads to: "courage is not endurance of the soul".
Socrates then claims that he has shown that his partner's thesis is false and that its opposite is true.

The exact nature of the elenchus is subject to a great deal of debate. In particular, whether it is a positive method leading to knowledge, or a negative method used solely to refute false claims to knowledge.

According to W.K.C. Guthrie, the Socratic method was intended to demonstrate one's ignorance. Socrates, unlike the Sophists, did believe that knowledge was possible, but believed that the first step to knowledge was recognition of one's ignorance. Guthrie writes, "[Socrates] was accustomed to say that he did not himself know anything, and that the only way in which he was wiser than other men was that he was conscious of his own ignorance, while they were not. The essence of the Socratic method is to convince the interlocutor that whereas he thought he knew something, in fact he does not".

References 

Human communication
Philosophy
William "Bill" Maher, Jr., (; born January 20 1956) is an American stand-up comedian, television host, political commentator, actor,  and author. He hosted the late-night television talk show Politically Incorrect on Comedy Central and ABC, and is currently the host of Real Time with Bill Maher on HBO. The show has been nominated for more than ten Emmy Awards. On June 1, 2006, he also began hosting an Internet-exclusive talk show on Amazon.com entitled Amazon Fishbowl.

In 2013 Maher became the producer of a HBO TV series called Vice.

Views of Bill Maher
Mahrer is a supporter of the pro-animal welfare group, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.  He has said that marijuana should be legal. He feels that more problems are caused by it being illegal than would be caused if it were legal.

Maher has disagreed with many religious beliefs. He says that they can create problems for society. He was the host of the documentary, Religulous that dealt with religion and how it affects society in the United States. Maher is also the creator of the website Disbeliefnet. He has said that morality and religion are not the same thing and that religion is used as a reason to oppose gay rights.

References

Other websites
Official Bill Mahrer website
Real Time with Bill Maher website

Real Time with Bill Maher website
Disbeliefnet 

1956 births
Living people
American stand-up comedians
American political commentators
American television talk show hosts
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
Comedians from New York City
Friedrich Hund (4 February 1896  31 March 1997) was a German physicist from Karlsruhe known for his work on atoms and molecules. He worked at the Universities of  Rostock, Leipzig, Jena, Frankfurt am Main, Göttingen and was a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science.

He had published more than 250 papers and essays and made contributions to quantum theory about the structure of the atom and the structure of molecular spectra. The Hund's rule was named after him and in 1926 he discovered the later so-called tunneling effect.

His life

Hund worked with well known physicists as Schrödinger, Dirac, Heisenberg,  Max Born, and Walter Bothe. At that time, he was Born's assistant, working with quantum mechanics.

After his studies of mathematics, physics, and geography in Marburg and Göttingen, he worked as a private lecturer in theoretical physics at Göttingen  in 1925, professor at Rostock in 1927, Leipzig in 1929, Jena in 1946, Frankfurt/Main in 1951 and from 1957 again in Göttingen. Additionally he stayed in Copenhagen (1926) with Niels Bohr and lectured on the atom at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1928.

On the occasion of his 100th birthday, the book: Friedrich Hund: Geschichte der physikalischen Begriffe [history of physics terms] (Heidelberg, Berlin, Oxford), Spektrum, Akademie Verlag 1996,  was published. A review was also written by Werner Kutzelnigg.

Friedrich Hund became an honorary citizen of Jena, and a street in Jena was named after him. Since June 2004, a part of the new building of the Physics Department was given the Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1 address. The same name was chosen for the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Göttingen.

Hunds cases
The Hund's cases, which are particular regimes in molecular angular momentum coupling, and the Hund's rules, which govern electron configurations, are important in spectroscopy and quantum chemistry. In chemistry, the first of Hund's rules is especially important and is often referred to as simply Hund's rule.

References

Other websites 

 curriculum vitae of Friedrich Hund, papers by Friedrich Hund, diploma, honours, medals and decorations, photography, films and cassettes

1896 births
1997 deaths
German academics
German physicists
People from Karlsruhe
Puppets are objects used in theatrical performances. They are similar to dolls. They often use strings or other means to make the puppet move and look alive. Some puppets are very simple, but others are more complicated and need skill to use. The person who works the puppet and makes it move is called a puppeteer. The audience cannot usually see this person but some, like a ventriloquist and dummy, are in full view of the audience. There are many different types of puppets to be found around the world. Puppetry is a special art form that is very important in some cultures.

Types of puppets 

Finger Puppet: A very simple type of puppet where the puppet is placed on a finger and worked by moving the finger.  

Sock puppet: A sock or similar garment worn as a glove, with the thumb acting as a jaw.  

Hand Puppet: Similar to a finger puppet, but  larger. The puppeteer uses his or her fingers and hand to work the puppet. Punch and Judy are famous glove puppets.

Pop-up puppets: A cone with a rod through and a puppet inside. When the rod is pushed up, the puppet appears.

Paddle Puppet: The puppet is on the end of a paddle. When the puppeteer steps on the paddles back end the other end lifts up, making it seem that the puppet moves by itself.

Jumping Jack: A puppet where the arms and legs of the puppet are joined to a string. When the string is pulled down, the arms and legs go up.

Rod Puppet and Bunraku: The puppet is worked with rods joined to the puppets arms and legs, while another puppeteer moves the head and sometimes the mouth. Bunraku is a special type of Japanese rod puppetry.

Shadow Puppet: Another very simple puppet. A cut out figure on a rod is held in front of a light. Its shadow is projected onto a screen. The puppeteer moves the puppet around, giving it some life. Sometimes coloured paper is used to give a certain amount of colour to the puppet.

Marionette or String Puppet: This puppet is moved around with strings that hang from above the theatre. This is one of the more complex types of puppetry and is hard to master as some marionettes can have up to thirty strings.

Ventriloquist Figure or Dummy: This puppet is one of the few where the audience sees the puppeteer. The puppeteer moves the puppets head arms and mouth with his hands as well as with levers. The performance usually takes the shape of a conversation between the dummy and the puppeteer. The puppeteer speaks normally, then puts on a different voice when the puppet is supposed to be talking. His voice seems to be coming from his stomach (Latin: "venter").  His lips are not moving, but the puppet's lips may move, so it seems as if the puppet is talking.

Ticklebug: A type of Hand Puppet; a person uses their fingers as body parts to look like their hand is an animal. The center finger becomes the animal's head, the first and third fingers become the front legs, and the thumb and last finger are used as back legs.
Lake Toba is a lake in the caldera of a supervolcano. The lake is  long and  wide, and  at its deepest point.

It is in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra with an elevation of about . The lake stretches from  to . It is the largest lake in Indonesia and the largest volcanic lake in the world.

Related pages 
Toba catastrophe

References 

Geography of Indonesia
The Hazratbal Shrine (Kashmiri: حضرت بل, literally: Majestic Place), is a Muslim shrine in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, Kashmir.The name of the shrine comes from the Arabic word Hazrat, meaning holy or majestic, and the Kashmiri word bal, meaning place.

The shrine is on the left bank of the Dal Lake, Srinagar and is considered to be Kashmir's holiest Muslim shrine. The Moi-e-Muqqadas (the sacred hair) of Mohammed is believed to be preserved here. The shrine is known by many names including Hazratbal, Assar-e-Sharief, Madinat-us-Sani, or simply Dargah Sharif.

Mosques in India
Srinagar
The Jama Masjid is a mosque in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, Kashmir. The Jamia Masjid of Srinagar is at Nowhatta, in the middle of the old city. It was built by Sultan Sikandar shah kashmiri shahmiri in 1394 AD. Later, the son of Sultan Sikandar, Zain-ul-Abidin had the mosque extended. The measurement of the mosque is 381 feet by 384 feet. The attractions of the Jamia Masjid with its unique architecture, majestic courtyard, and 378 wooden Deodar pillars supporting a wooden ceiling with 346 pillars of 21 feet in height and 5 feet in girth, and 32 pillars with 48 feet in height and 6 feet in girth. The masjid has a fountain also measurement of 33 feet by 34 feet which is also used for wadu (ablution)   Thousands of Muslims assemble at the mosque every Friday to offer their prayers. This Jamia Masjid of Kashmir, has seen a number of destructions till date. It got ruined three times in a fire and was reconstructed every time. The last restoration was carried out during the reign of Maharaja Pratap Singh.

Mosques in India
Srinagar
1394 establishments
14th-century establishments in India
Ulysses was a spacecraft (or space probe). It was a joint mission by NASA and ESA. The spacecraft was launched on October 6, 1990. Its main aims were to study the Sun and the planet Jupiter.

References

NASA spacecraft
ESA spacecraft
Equilibrioception is the sense of balance. This is what prevents a person or animal from falling over while walking or doing other physical activity.

In humans
In humans, equilibrioception is mainly sensed by the detection of acceleration, which occurs in the vestibular system. Other senses play roles as well, e.g. the visual system and proprioception. The importance of visual input for balance is illustrated by its being harder to stand on one foot with eyes closed than with eyes open.

The sense of balance often gets worse as a person ages. After a stroke, it may be improved with the help of special training.

Related pages
 Inner ear
 Calisthenics
 Training
 Yoga
 Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood

References

Sensory system
Health
Fitness