cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The prickly pear is Opuntia: a genus in the cactus family, Cactaceae. There are about 190 different species of Opuntia. 

The genus is named after the Ancient Greek city of Opus. There, according to Theophrastus, an edible plant grew which could be propagated by rooting its leaves.  

Prickly pears (mostly Opuntia stricta) were originally imported into Australia in the 18th century for gardens. They were later used as a natural agricultural fencing.  They quickly became a widespread invasive weed. They changed  of farming land into an impenetrable green jungle of prickly pear, in places  high. 

In 1919, the Australian federal government established the Commonwealth Prickly Pear Board to coordinate efforts with state governments to eradicate the weed. Early attempts at mechanical removal and poisonous chemicals failed, so in a last resort, biological control was attempted. There is a moth, Cactoblastis cactorum, from South America, whose larvae eat prickly pear. It was introduced in 1925 and rapidly reduced the cactus population. A memorial hall in Chinchilla (Queensland) commemorates the moth. This is one of the earliest known examples of the biological control of pests.

References 

Cactaceae
A magnetic field line or magnetic flux line shows the direction of a magnet's force and the strength of a magnet. 

The idea of lines of force was invented by Michael Faraday. His theory is that all of reality is made up of force itself. His theory predicts that electricity, light, and gravity have finite propagation delays. Einstein's theory agrees with this. 

One can make magnetic field lines show as if they were physical phenomena. For example, iron filings placed in a magnetic field line up to form lines that correspond to 'field lines'. 

If there are a lot of lines through a magnet and not a great space between them, the magnet is strong. If the lines between a magnet are far apart and there aren't many lines, the magnet is weak. A way of determining the strength of a magnet is to do an experiment with iron filings. The iron filings will get attracted to the magnet and move into the shape of the flux lines. You then look at the shape of the iron filings and see the gap between the flux lines. This gives you an idea of the strength of the magnet. 

The use of iron filings to display a field alters the magnetic field so that it is much larger along the "lines" of iron. This caused by the large permeability of iron relative to air. Magnetic fields' "lines" are also visually displayed in polar auroras, when particles cause visible streaks of light that line up with the local direction of Earth's magnetic field.

Magnetic field lines are like the contour lines (constant altitude) on a topographic map in that they represent something continuous, and a different mapping scale would show more or fewer lines. There is an advantage to using magnetic field lines as a representation. Many laws of magnetism (and electromagnetism) can be stated completely and concisely using simple concepts such as the 'number' of field lines through a surface. These concepts can be quickly 'translated' to their mathematical form.

The actual magnetic field itself does not have "lines" in it; the "lines" are solely the iron filings becoming polarized themselves, reacting to each other and the field, lining up N and S with respect to each other in the field. If you could see the actual fields of force, it would be shaded and gradient, with a heavier, thicker shade near the stronger part of the magnet, fading the further you get from the source. And in all 3 dimensions, which iron filing demonstrations cannot reproduce. Ferrofluids will react in all 3 dimensions and can more accurately reproduce a field, except for gravity creating a weight restriction. Holding a strong magnet in front of a CRT-type monitor with a white screen can also give a representation of the fields, without any "lines of force" visible. The issue with using ferro/magnetic materials to view a field is, the materials themselves become magnetized and change the original field to include their own influence.

References 

Magnetism
The thorny devil (Moloch horrid us) is also called the thorny dragon, Moloch, or mountain devil. It is an Australian lizard, that lives in desert regions of central Australia.

The thorny devil grows up to 20 cm (7.9 in) long and can live for 15 to 20 years. The females are larger than the males. Most of these lizards are colored in camouflaging shades of desert browns and tans. These colors change from pale colors during warm weather and to darker colors during cold weather. These animals are covered entirely with conical spines that are mostly uncalcified (not bony).

Female thorny devils lay ten eggs during the September-December season (or Spring-Summer). They put the eggs in a burrow about 30 cm deep. These eggs hatch after about three or four months, but not all babies will survive, because of predators like wild birds and goannas.

Habitat 
The thorny devil is found in the arid regions of central Australia. It lives in sand, spinifex grasslands and scrub.

Diet
They only eat ants, and may eat thousands of ants in a day. The thorny devil's mouth is so specialized that it can only use it to eat ants, for example it cannot lick up water, and has developed other ways to drink. Ideally adapted to its harsh, desert habitat, it uses narrow channels between the scales on its stomach and legs to collect morning dew and water from damp or wet sand. The water travels up these channels to the lizard’s mouth.

References 

Reptiles of Australia
Lizards
Markus Brüderlin (1958 – 16 March 2014) was a Swiss art historian, curator and writer. From 2006 to his death, he was the director of the Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg. He was born in Basel.

Brüderlin died unexpectedly on 16 March 2014 at his home in Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany. He was 55 years old.

References

Other websites
 Markus Brüderlin  at the Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg website 
 

1958 births
2014 deaths
Swiss artists
Swiss historians
People from Basel
Swiss writers
Frightwig are an American punk rock band that was founded in 1982. All of the members are women. They are feminists. Deanna Ashley and Mia Levin started the band in San Francisco. In 1984 they released their first album Cat Farm Faboo. In 1986 their second album was released. In 1993 they released an extended play called Phone Sexy. In 1994 the band broke up. The band got back together in 2012.

1982 establishments in the United States
1980s American music groups
1980s establishments in California
1990s American music groups
2010s American music groups

American feminists
American punk bands
Musical groups established in 1982
Musical groups from San Francisco
Carrickfergus Castle is a Norman castle in Carrickfergus, County Antrim in Northern Ireland. It was built in 1177 by John de Courcy.

References

Castles in Northern Ireland
County Antrim
1177 establishments
12th-century establishments in Europe
Establishments in Northern Ireland
Dunluce Castle is a medieval castle on the north coast of County Antrim in Northern Ireland. It is east of Portrush.

References

Castles in Northern Ireland
County Antrim
Rachel Donelson Jackson (June 15, 1767 – December 22, 1828) was the wife of Andrew Jackson, the seventh president. She died before her husband's inauguration. She was never First Lady.

Early life
Young Rachel was very pretty, with dark brown hair and beautiful eyes. Her family moved from Virginia to Nashville, Tennessee. The Robards family was quite wealthy and important in Nashville. Rachel was married to Captain Lewis Robards in Kentucky. She met Andrew Jackson while living with her mother. Andrew was staying at her mother's house. One time, she sent a letter home asking one of her brothers to come to Kentucky. She wanted to go home again. Jackson went to Kentucky instead of her brother.

Remarriage 
Rachel Donelson Robards and Andrew Jackson wanted to get married. They could not because Rachel was already married to Lewis Robards. She tried to get a divorce in 1790. She and Andrew thought that her husband would get a divorce. They got married in 1791 in the town of Natchez, Mississippi. Their marriage was unlawful (against the law). She and Andrew tried to get a real divorce until 1794. They married again in 1794 when her marriage with Lewis Robards ended. No one knows if she knew that she broke the law.

Rachel moved to the Hermitage outside Nashville with Andrew. They were quite wealthy. They owned many slaves on their plantation. Rachel managed the household. She ran the plantation while Andrew was away.

Rachel died in 1828. This was the year her husband Andrew became president. He thought she died because other people said mean things about her. They talked about her marriage. Many people said she broke the law to marry Andrew on purpose. This made her very sad. She was buried in a corner of the Hermitage garden.

What people remember
People thought Rachel and Andrew were very different. Andrew was tall, important, and neat. Rachel was short, quiet, and common. One girl who visited their house would not have guessed that they were married. She thought they were too different. The visitor said that Rachel was kind and motherly, not elegant or graceful. Rachel had lived in the frontier (newly-lived in areas) her whole life. She had no reason to become elegant.

Rachel loved Andrew very much. She was sad every time he went away. Once, she travelled to meet him, which was not common for women to do. She was very worried when he was in danger. She became quite sick from stress. Her marriage was very important to her. A visitor once said that their love was very great. Andrew Jackson always treated Rachel like she was the best thing in his life. Rachel was always devoted to Andrew.

References

1767 births
1828 deaths
People from Virginia
Cocteau Twins were a Scottish rock band. Robin Guthrie and Will Heggie started the band in 1979 in Grangemouth. The band was named after the song "The Cocteau Twins" by Johnny and the Self-Abusers. The band's first album Garlands was released by 4AD records in 1982. In 1996 the band released their last album Milk and Kisses. In 1997 the band broke up.

1979 establishments in the United Kingdom
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
1990s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Musical groups established in 1979
Musical groups disestablished in 1997
Scottish rock bands
20th-century establishments in Scotland
Doku (Dokka) Khamatovich Umarov (; ; also called by the Arabized name of "Dokka Abu Usman") (13 April 1964 – reported March 18, 2014) was a Chechen Islamist militant in Russia. Umarov claimed responsibly for some attacks on Russian civilians. This earned himself a media nickname of "Russia's Bin Laden".

Umarov was the first emir of the Caucasus Emirate (from 2007 to 2013).

On 18 March 2014, the Russian government said that Umarov was dead.

References

Other websites
 Profile: Doku Umarov, BBC News

1964 births
2014 deaths
Asian military people
Chechnya
European military people
Heads of state
Muslim terrorists
Russian people
Franco Zeffirelli, KBE (12 February 1923 – 15 June 2019) was an Italian director and producer of movies and television. He was also an opera director and a designer of Italian operas. 

He was a former senator of Catania (1994–2001). His political party was the Forza Italia party.

He received an honorary knighthood from the British government in 2004 when he was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

Zeffirelli was born Gianfranco Zeffirelli on 12 February 1923 in Florence, Italy. He was openly gay. In 2007 and 2018, he was accused of sexually harassing an actor and a movie director. Zeffirelli died after a long illness on 15 June 2019 in Rome at the age of 96.

References

Other websites

 
 

1923 births
2019 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Italy
LGBT directors
LGBT producers
LGBT politicians
Gay men
Italian LGBT people
Italian movie producers
Italian movie directors
Italian theatre directors
Theatre producers
Italian politicians
People from Florence
Television producers
Alexander Petrovich Pochinok (12 January 1958 – 16 March 2014 ) was a Russian economist and politician. He was the Minister of Taxes and Levies from 1999 to 2000 and Minister of Labor and Social Development from 2000 to 2004.

Pochinok died of cardiac arrest on 16 March 2014, in Moscow, aged 56.

References

1958 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Russian politicians
Civil servants
Oswald Norman Morris OBE, DFC, AFC, BSC (22 November 191517 March 2014) was a British Academy Award-winning cinematographer. He was known for his works in Fiddler on the Roof and in Goodbye, Mr. Chips. 

Morris died at his home in Dorset, England, at the age of 98.

References

Other websites
 Oswald Morris at the Internet Movie Database

Academy Award winners
BAFTA Award winners
British cinematographers
People from Middlesex
1915 births
2014 deaths
Stephen K. Weeks (born June 30, 1958) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender and current goaltending coach of the Chicago Blackhawks. Weeks played 13 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the New York Rangers, Hartford Whalers, Vancouver Canucks, New York Islanders, Los Angeles Kings, and Ottawa Senators.

He was drafted with the 176th overall pick by the New York Rangers in the 1978 NHL Entry Draft.
He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1993. After he retired, he became the goaltending consultant and also an assistant coach for the Hartford Whalers/Carolina Hurricanes organization. After his time there was done, he became the goaltending coach for the Atlanta Thrashers in the 2008. On August 12, 2013, he was hired by the Chicago Blackhawks as their Goaltending Coach.

References

Other websites

1958 births
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Hartford Whalers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
New York Islanders players
New York Rangers players
Ottawa Senators players
Vancouver Canucks players
American Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
Central Professional Hockey League players
(April 1, 1907 – July 27, 2014) was a Japanese and American Rōshi Rinzai Zen teacher. He lived in the United States since 1962. He started the Mount Baldy Zen Center, near Mount Baldy in California. He was also its head abbot.

Joshu Sasaki died at Cedars Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles on July 27, 2014, aged 107.

References

Other websites

 Kyozan Joshu Sasaki at the Mount Baldy Zen Center website

1907 births
2014 deaths
American Buddhists
American centenarians
Japanese centenarians
Japanese educators
Monks
Teachers
Kaiser Kalambo (6 July 1953 – 18 March 2014) was a Zambian association football player and coach. He represented Zambia in three Africa Cup of Nations tournaments. He was named Zambian captain in 1980. The same year in which he was voted Zambian footballer of the year. Later, he coached several club sides in Zambia and Botswana. He was born in Luanshya, Copperbelt.

Kalambo died from prostate cancer on the morning of 18 March 2014 at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka. He was 60 years old.

References

Other websites
 Kaiser Kalambo  at Sports Reference

1953 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
African footballers
Yun Hyok-seok (, October 7, 1984 – April 26, 2003) was a South Korean activist, poet and writer. He fought for human rights, civil rights, LGBT rights and peace. His nickname was Yook Woo Dang (), which means "six friends". He wrote using the names Sulheon (, ) and Midong (, , "Beauty Boy"), Donghwa (동화, 童花, Boy's flower), Roman Catholic baptismal name is Antonio.

Yun was born in Incheon. His family is Catholic. He later moved to Seoul. While he was a student, he began writing and poetry. In March 2000, he started going to Incheon Seil high school. At high school, he came out as gay. This made him isolated from his classmates. By November 2002, he left high school. He began living in a neighbourhood of Dongdaemun District of Seoul.

Yun's nickname, Yook Woo Dang, means "six friends". It refers to alcohol, tobacco, sleeping pills, foundation make-up, green tea and rosary beads. His penname Sulheon came from Heo Chohui's nickname Nanseolheon. Heo Chohui was a female poet and painter during the Joseon dynasty in Korea.

In 2002 and 2003, Yun became an activist for human rights and peace. In March 2003, he was a conscientious objector to South Korea's conscription military service. But his opinions did not matter to some Koreans, because of his sexuality. In early April 2003, some South Korean Christian organisations gave a statement against homosexuality. Yun spoke out against this and wrote an article to some South Korean newspapers and the foreign press.

In April 26, 2003, Yun committed suicide, in Dongdaemun in Seoul. He hanged himself. He did it to protest discrimination against gay people in South Korea.

Book 
 Let My Spirit Rain Down as Flower Petals (내 혼은 꽃비 되어)
 Diary of Yook Woo Dang (육우당일기) (not published)

Related pages 
 Homophobia

References

Other websites 
 Memorial museum von Yukwudang  
 Protecting sexual minorities Koreatimes 2013-08-23 
 Queer Rights Activists in South Korea Step Up Efforts to Support LGBTQ Youth  
 윤씨의 죽음을 애도한다 오마이뉴스 2003.05.06 
 청소년유해매체물에 '동성애' 삭제키로 오마이뉴스 2003.04.29 
 육우당(六友堂), ‘성소수자 해방’을 위해 지다 참세상 2008.05.01 
 육우당은 여전히 희망이 존재한다고 말하고... 참세상 2006.04.18 
 "가식적인 기독교에 깨달음을"…어느 10대의 죽음 프레시안 2013.04.21 
 동성애자가 사탄? 너희는 파시스트 기독교인 경향신문 2012.01.25 
 “내 혼은 꽃비 되어” 참세상 2006.04.26 
 layoung shin

1984 births
2003 deaths
Autobiographers
Gay men
Human rights activists
Korean poets
LGBT rights activists
LGBT writers
Suicides by hanging
Writers who committed suicide
People from Incheon
Kresten Bjerre (22 February 1946 – 19 February 2014), nicknamed Generalen ("The General"), was a Danish association footballer. He played for Houston Stars in the United States and for the European clubs PSV Eindhoven and R.W.D. Molenbeek. He was born in Copenhagen.

Bjerre died from cancer on 19 February 2014 in Odense. He was 67 years old.

References

Other websites

 Kresten Bjerre at the Danish Football Association website 

1946 births
2014 deaths
Danish footballers
Deaths from cancer
Sportspeople from Copenhagen
Antti Raanta (born May 12, 1989) is a Finnish professional ice hockey goaltender. He currently plays for the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks and the New York Rangers.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Raanta played 4 seasons in the SM-liiga with Lukko and Ässät.

During his time with Ässät, he won the Lasse Oksanen trophy for the SM-liiga best player of regular season and the Jari Kurri trophy for the best player of the playoffs with .955 SV%. He went 21-10-11 and recorded five shutouts in 45 games. He finished with a 1.85 goals-against average and .943 save percentage.

On June 3, 2013, he signed a one-year entry-level contract with the Chicago Blackhawks. He was assigned to their AHL-affiliate, the Rockford IceHogs. On November 17, 2013, he was recalled by the Blackhawks from the Rockford IceHogs because backup goaltender Nikolai Khabibulin was injured in a loss versus the Nashville Predators the previous night.

On December 30, 2013, he was able to earn his first career shutout when the Blackhawks beat the Los Angeles Kings at home. He was able to stop all 26 shots that he had faced, and improved to 10-1-3 on the season. He was named the Rookie of the Month, along with Martin Jones, for December 2013, going 8-1-3 with one shutout.

On June 27, 2015, Raanta was traded to the New York Rangers in exchange for Ryan Haggerty.

References

Other websites 

1989 births
American Hockey League players
Arizona Coyotes players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Living people
New York Rangers players
Finnish ice hockey goaltenders
Miquel Crusafont i Pairó (1910, Sabadell, Spain—1983) was a Catalan palaeontologist. He specialised in mammal bones.

Crusafont obtained a Degree in Pharmacy from the University of Barcelona in 1933. He got a degree in Natural Sciences from the University of Madrid in 1950.

In 1961, he was appointed Professor of Palaeontology at the University of Oviedo. He later became Professor of Anthropology at the Societatis Iesu (Barcelona).

In 1969, Crusafont founded the Provincial Palaeontology Institute. It has been known as the Miquel Crusafont Palaeontology Institute since 1983.

The prehistoric mammal Crusafontia was named for Crusafont.

Selected works
  (1943, with Josep Fernández de Villalta)
  (1948, with Josep Fernández de Villalta)
  (1955, with Josep Fernández de Villalta and Jaume Truyols)
  (1957, with Jaume Truyols)
  (1966, with Bermudo Meléndez and Emiliano Aguirre)

References

Other websites 
Information about the Miquel Crusafont Palaeontology Institute 

Paleontologists
People from Catalonia
Spanish scientists
1910 births
1983 deaths
A non-commissioned officer (sometimes spelled noncommissioned officer and shortened to NCO or non-com (US)), called a sub-officer in some countries, is a military officer who has not been given a commission. Non-commissioned officers, in the English-speaking world, usually obtain their position of authority by promotion through the enlisted ranks.

NCO's usually include all grades of corporal and sergeant; in some countries, warrant officers also do the same things as NCOs. In the navy and depending on the country, some or all grades of petty officer may be counted as NCO's. There are different classes of non-commissioned officer, including junior non-commissioned officers (JNCO) and senior (or staff) non-commissioned officers (SNCO).

Related pages
Military ranks

References

Other websites 
 A Short History of the NCO (United States) 

Military ranks
Durrington Walls is the site of a large Neolithic settlement and later henge enclosure in the Stonehenge World Heritage Site. It is 2 miles north-east of Stonehenge in the parish of Durrington, just north of Amesbury.

Excavations in 2013 by a team has revealed a huge settlement; 1,000 homes have been found, supporting a population of 4,000 people at one time. The village was carbon dated to about 2600 B.C.

The monument was on "an extraordinary scale" and unique, researchers said.
The Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes team has been creating an underground map of the area in a five-year project.
Remote sensing and geophysical imaging technology has been used to reveal evidence of nearly 100 stones without the need for excavation.
The monument is just under two miles (3km) from Stonehenge, Wiltshire, and is thought to have been a Neolithic ritual site.

It is the "largest Neolithic settlement in the whole of northern Europe". At 500m in diameter, the henge is the largest in Britain and recent evidence suggests that it was a complementary monument to Stonehenge.

What visibly remains of Durrington Walls today is the 'walls' of the henge monument. This is now a ridge surrounding a central basin. Originally the ditch was some 5.5m deep, 7m wide at its bottom and 18m wide at the top. The bank was in some areas 30m wide. There were two entrances through the bank and ditch – at the north western and south eastern ends. The henge enclosed several timber circles and smaller enclosures – not all of which have been excavated. Several Neolithic house floors have been found next to and under the eastern bank of the henge. Their density suggests that there was a very large village on the sloping river bank on this side.

About three feet underneath  Durrington Walls, there are remains of about 90 standing stones, maybe from an earlier time.  The stones are in a "slightly curved row."  They were found in 2015, using special archaeological research tools and methods including  ground-penetrating radar. Scientists do not know if this feature is the same age as  early Stonehenge or not.

References 

Wiltshire
Archaeological sites in Wiltshire
Joseph Edward Murray (April 1, 1919 – November 26, 2012) was an American plastic surgeon. 

He is best known for performing the first successful human kidney transplant on identical twins Richard and Ronald Herrick on December 23, 1954.

He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1990 for "discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease". He shared the prize with E. Donnall Thomas. He attended Harvard Medical School in 1974.

During World War II he was in the Medical Corps of the United States Army.

References

1919 births
2012 deaths
American academics
American military personnel of World War II
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicians
American Roman Catholics
Harvard University alumni
Scientists from Massachusetts
Surgeons
Educators from Massachusetts
Brendan Thomas Byrne (April 1, 1924 – January 4, 2018) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Byrne served as the 47th Governor of New Jersey from January 15, 1974 to January 19, 1982. Byrne was born and raised in West Orange, New Jersey.

Byrne died on January 4, 2018 in Livingston, New Jersey of a lung infection at the age of 93.

References

Other websites

New Jersey Governor Brendan Thomas Byrne , National Governors Association
Rutgers Program on the Governor, the Brendan Byrne Archive 

1924 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from respiratory tract infection
Infectious disease deaths in New Jersey
Governors of New Jersey
People from Livingston, New Jersey
US Democratic Party politicians
George Emil Palade (November 19, 1912 – October 8, 2008) was a Romanian cell biologist. He is best known for the innovations in electron microscopy and cell fractionation which helped lay the foundations of modern molecular cell biology.

Palade was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974. He won the award "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell". He shared it with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve. Palade was described as "the most influential cell biologist ever"

Related pages
List of Romanian natural scientists

References

1912 births
2008 deaths
Academics
Biologists
Physicians
Romanian scientists
Donald Thomas "Don" Regan (December 21, 1918 – June 10, 2003) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Early life
Regan was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He studied at Harvard College and at Harvard Law School. Regan married Ann Buchanan in 1942.

Reagan administration
He was the 66th United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1981 to 1985 under the Ronald Reagan administration. He then served as Chief of Staff from 1985 to 1987 under Reagan as well.

In 1987, Regan resigned due to personal angers against First Lady Nancy Reagan and Ronald Reagan's cabinet.

Personal life
Regan then quickly retired in his Virginia home. He painted many paintings and was paid to have some of them displayed at museums. Regan had four children with his wife Ann.

Death
Regan died of cancer in a hospital near his home in Williamsburg, Virginia, aged 84. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.

References

Other websites

 
Biography as Secretary of the Treasury

1918 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from cancer
United States Secretaries of the Treasury
White House Chiefs of Staff
Politicians from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
US Republican Party politicians
People from Cambridge, Massachusetts
{{Infobox person
| name               = Dilip Kumar
| honorific_suffix   = 
| image              = DilipKumar2.jpg
| image_size         = 
| caption            = Dilip Kumar at the Foundation Stone Laying Ceremony of CINTAA Tower in 2011.
| native_name        = 
| birth_name         = Muhammad Yusuf Khan
| birth_date         = 
| birth_place        = Peshawar, NWFP, British India 
| death_date =  
| death_place = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| death_cause = Prostate cancer
| nationality        = Indian
| other_names        = Dilip Kumar, First Khan, Tragedy King
| citizenship        = Indian
| occupation         = Actor, producer, writer
| notable_works      = {{plainlist|
 Jugnu (1947)
 Andaz (1949)
 Deedar (1951)
 Aan (1952)
 Devdas (1955)
 Naya Daur (1957)
 Madhumati (1958)
 Paigham (1959)
 Mughal-e-Azam (1960)
 Gunga Jumna (1961)
 Ram Aur Shyam (1967)
 Kranti (1981)
 Shakti (1982)
 Vidhaata (1982)
 Mashaal (1984)
 Karma (1986)
 Kanoon Apna Apna (1989)
 Saudagar (1991)
}}
| spouse             = Saira Banu (m. 1966)Asma Sahiba (1979–1982)
| relatives          = Nasir Khan (brother)Ayub Khan (nephew)
| awards             = 8 Filmfare Award for Best Actor

1 BFJA Award for Best Actor
| honours            = 
| signature          = Dilip Kumar signature.svg
| signature_alt      = Dilip Kumar's signature
}}
Dilip Kumar (born Muhammad Yusuf Khan; 11 December 1922 – 7 July 2021) was an Indian movie actor. He was well known in the Indian cinema industry. He worked in many movies along with fellow Indian actor Pran. His career has lasted for almost 60 years. He was known for his role as King Dilip Dilip in the Indian classic Tragedy King.

He held the Guinness World Record'' for winning the maximum number of awards by an Indian actor.

Kumar was born Muhammad Yusuf Khan on 11 December 1922 in Peshawar, British India, now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Kumar died on 7 July 2021 in Mumbai from prostate cancer at the age of 98.

References

Other websites

 

1922 births
2021 deaths
Indian movie actors
People from Peshawar
Indian stage actors
Indian movie producers
Deaths from prostate cancer
Dhundiraj Govind Phalke (30 April 1870 – 16 February 1944) was an Indian producer-director-screenwriter. He is known as the father of Indian cinema. The Dadasaheb Phalke Award, awarded to people who worked for a long time to the Indian cinema, was created in his honor by the Government of India in 1969.

References

Other websites

 

1870 births
1944 deaths
Indian movie directors
Indian movie producers
Indian screenwriters
Robert Francis Furchgott (June 4, 1916 – May 19, 2009) was an American biochemist. 

He discovered a substance in endothelial cells that relaxes blood vessels. He called it endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). He later worked out EDRF's nature and mechanism of action, and determined that EDRF was nitric oxide (NO), which is an important compound in many aspects of cardiovascular physiology. The research that was done was important in explaining the action of Viagra, treatment of blue babies, and other medical as well as health-related issues. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1998 "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system". He shared the prize with Louis Ignarro and Ferid Murad. He also won a Gairdner Foundation International Award in 1991 and a Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1996.

References

1916 births
2009 deaths
American biochemists
American Nobel Prize winners
Jewish American scientists
Scientists from South Carolina
People from Charleston, South Carolina
Pharmacologists
The Acadie–Bathurst Titan are a Canadian ice hockey team. The team began playing in 1969. The team currently plays in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). They play their home games in Bathurst, New Brunswick at the K. C. Irving Regional Centre.

History 
The team was first created in 1969 and played in Rosemont National as the Rosemont, Quebec. They moved to Laval to become the Laval National, and later the Laval Voisins. In 1985, they were known as the Laval Titan, and in 1994, they became the Laval Titan Collège Français from a merger with the Verdun Collège Français. In 1998, the moved to Bathurst and became the Acadie–Bathurst Titan

The Titan organization have won President's Cup five times. In the 1999–2000 season, they had the first female to be drafted by a QMJHL team when they drafted Charline Labonté, a 17-year-old Quebec goaltender who spent parts of two seasons with the team.

References

Other websites
Official website

Ice hockey teams in Quebec
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League
1969 establishments in Canada
Ben Scrivens (born September 11, 1986 in Spruce Grove, Alberta) is a Canadian professional goaltender for the Edmonton Oilers. Scrivens was undrafted but signed with the Toronto Maple Leafs in 2010. On January 29, 2014, Scrivens stopped all 59 shots that the Oilers defence allowed and set a new NHL record for most saves in a shutout. He is also referred to as ScrVezina.

References

1986 births
Living people
Edmonton Oilers players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Andy Z. Lehrer (16 May 1930 – January or February 2014) was a Romanian entomologist. From 1996 until his death, he worked as a research associate in the laboratory of Zoology at the University of Tel Aviv in Tel Aviv, Israel. For several years, he studied flesh flies and blow flies all over the world.

Lehrer was born born in Iaşi, Iaşi County. He died in early 2014, aged 83.

References

Other websites

1930 births
2014 deaths
Romanian people
Zoologists
The BMO Vancouver Marathon is an annual marathon which is run on the first Sunday of every May in Vancouver, British Columbia. The distance of the race is 26 miles and 385 yards and is the largest international marathon event in Canada. The current sponsor for the marathon is Bank of Montreal.

It is certified by both the International Association of Athletics Federations & Association of International Marathons and Distance Races as a qualifying marathon race. It started in 1972 after a small group of 46 runners ran five loops of Stanley Park to finish the first Vancouver International Marathon (which was known as Lions Gate Road Runners International Marathon). A Full Marathon is a Boston Marathon qualifying event and is 42 km, and a Half Marathon is 21 km.

The Forbes 2014 Travel Guide named the BMO Vancouver Marathon one of the world’s Top Ten Marathons Worth Travelling For that marathon season. It also made their top ten marathon destinations in 2012.

References

Other websites
Official website

1972 establishments in Canada
Running
Sport in Vancouver
Khushwant Singh (2 February 1915 – 20 March 2014) was an Indian writer, poet and journalist. His work was mostly in English. He was best known for his secularism. He was born in Hadali, British India, which is now Sargodha District, Pakistan.

Singh died from natural causes on the morning of 20 March 2014 at his home in New Delhi. He was 99 years old.

References

Other websites

 Khushwant Singh at the Kamat Research Database

1915 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Indian writers
Indian journalists
People from New Delhi
Punjabi people
Poets
Clive James AO CBE (born Vivian Leopold James; 7 October 1939 – 24 November 2019) was an Australian writer, critic, broadcaster, poet, translator and memoirist. He is best known for his autobiographical series Unreliable Memoirs.

Early life 
James was born in Kogarah, Sydney, New South Wales. He lived in the United Kingdom since 1961 until his death. He has two children. He was an atheist.

Death 
James was diagnosed with leukemia and emphysema in 2010. He died on 24 of November 2019 in Cambridge at the age of 80.

References

Other websites

 
 

1939 births
Deaths from leukemia
Deaths from emphysema
Atheists
Australian poets
Australian television presenters
Australian essayists
2019 deaths
Monarchists
Writers from Sydney
Australian translators
Francesc Macià i Llussà (1859 - 1933) was the 122nd President of Catalonia. He was also a Catalan officer in the Spanish Army.

Life
Macià achieved the rank of lieutenant-colonel during his military career.
He condemned the assault of some Spanish officers on the journal La Veu de Catalunya in 1905. He was forced to abandon the army.
 

In 1922 he founded the independentist party Estat Català. 

In 1926 he attempted a revolt against the Spanish dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera. This uprising was based in Prats de Molló (Roussillon). It was aborted by the French Gendarmerie, but it gained a lot of popularity for his cause in Catalonia.

In 1931 Macià proclaimed the Free Catalan Republic in Barcelona. He was forced afterwards to settle for partial autonomy within the new Spanish Republic. Macià was the President of Generalitat from 1932 until his death in 1933. He is buried at the Montjuïc Cemetery in Barcelona's Montjuïc hill.

References

1859 births
1933 deaths
Colonels
Politicians from Catalonia
Presidents (government)
Spanish military people
Jacob Wilson Parrott (July 17, 1843–December 22, 1908) was the first person to be given the Medal of Honor.

Biography
Parrott was from Fairfield County, Ohio. He joined the 20th OVI for 90 days. When he finished that he returned to his home town of Kenton, Ohio. He joined the United States Army in 1861 as a private in Company K, 33rd Ohio Infantry. He first fought in the Battle of Ivy Mountain. In April 1862, he volunteered to take part in a raid with twenty-one others (later known as "Andrews' Raiders" because they operated under the command of James J. Andrews). After going behind Confederate lines and stealing the locomotive "General," they were captured and imprisoned. Parrott was severely beaten 110 times to try to make him talk. He and fourteen others managed to escape. Only six of them reached friendly lines. He was later exchanged. He met President Abraham Lincoln in Washington, D.C.. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton gave him the Medal of Honor. He served with the Union Army for the rest of the war. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1863 after the Battle of Stones River. H was commissioned as a first lieutenant in 1864.

He returned to Kenton, Ohio after the war. He remained a cabinet maker. He ran a stone quarry south of Kenton, Ohio. Parrott suffered a heart attack and died while walking home from the county courthouse in Kenton, Ohio. He is buried in Grove Cemetery, on State Route 309, east edge of Kenton, Ohio.

Medal of Honor citation

Rank and Organization:
Private, Company K, 33d Ohio Infantry. Place and date: Georgia, April 1862. Entered service at: Hardin County, Ohio. Birth: July 17, 1843, Fairfield County, Ohio. Date of issue: March 25, 1863.
Citation:

Notes

References

1843 births
1908 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Ohio
Military people from Ohio
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), also called winter depression, winter blues, summer depression and seasonal depression, is a mood disorder that happens in people who have normal mental health throughout most of the year. They show depressive symptoms at the same time each year, usually in the winter.

Cause and Symptoms 
Some people think that SAD is related to not having enough serotonin because they don't get enough sunlight, which could cause serotonin polymorphisms. Serotonin polymorphisms could be the cause in SAD, although it has been disputed (people think it's not correct).

Some symptoms are:
Feeling sad, grumpy anxious or moody (getting angry or sad without warning)
Losing interest in your usual activities
Gaining weight
Sleep and appetite problems
Less social interaction
Difficulty concentrating and making choices
Feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness

Treatment 
Treatments include light therapy, medication, ionized-air administration, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and taking the hormone melatonin at the right time. Doctors often cure SAD with bright light therapy, although normal light therapy is the most common treatment for SAD. Part of light therapy can include being in sunlight, either directly from being outside, or by using a computer controlled heliostat (a device that includes a mirror, usually a plain mirror, usually turns to keep reflecting sunlight on a specific object) to reflect into the windows of a home or office. Physical exercise is also a good form of therapy for SAD, especially when combined with other forms of treatments.

References

Mood disorders
Iñaki Azkuna Urreta (14 February 1943 – 20 March 2014) was a Spanish politician of the Basque Nationalist Party. From 1999 until his death, he was mayor of the city of Bilbao, Biscay in the Basque Country. In 2012, he won the World Mayor Prize, honoring the most outstanding mayors in the world. He was born in Durango, Biscay.

Azkuna died from prostate cancer on 20 March 2014 in Bilbao, Biscay. He was 71 years old.

References

Other websites

 Iñaki Azkuna at City Mayors

1943 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in Spain
Deaths from prostate cancer
Mayors
Spanish politicians
Madeleine "Maddie" Blaustein (October 9, 1960 – December 11, 2008) was an American voice actress. Until her death, Blaustein was the voice of Sartorius in Yu-Gi-Oh! GX. She was also the voice of Meowth in the Pokémon anime.

Personal life 
Blaustein was born intersex. She was a male when she was born, and lived as male for many years until changing to female.

References

Other websites
 

1960 births
2008 deaths
American voice actors
Jewish American actors
Jewish American LGBT people
LGBT people from New York
Transgender and transsexual Jews
Bert I. Gordon (born September 24, 1922) is an American movie maker. He made many movies that are science fiction. He made his first movie when he was 32 in 1955, called King Dinosaur. In the movie, a group of astronauts go to another planet and find lots of strange creatures.

In an interview with Shout! Factory, he explained he always wanted to make movies ever since one of his relatives gave him a video camera.

Gordon had a daughter, Susan. She was a child actor. She even starred in Bert's movie, Tormented.

Other websites
 

1922 births
Living people
American movie directors
American screenwriters
People from Kenosha, Wisconsin
Vince Wilfork is a football player

New England Patriots players
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Werner Theodor Otto Forßmann (29 August 1904 – 1 June 1979) was a German physician. He was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956. Forssmann studied the active principles and discovered cardiac catheterization.

Cardiovascular disease deaths in Germany
Deaths from heart failure
Scientists from Berlin
1904 births
1979 deaths
German Nobel Prize winners
Sir Bernard Katz (26 March 1911 – 20 April 2003) was a British physician of Jewish-German descent. He was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970. He studied the active principles of nerve biochemistry.

1911 births
1979 deaths
British Nobel Prize winners
British physicians
Deaths from natural causes
Jewish British academics
Jewish British scientists
Jewish German scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Leipzig Rural District
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Panasonic Corporation, formerly known as Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd, is a multinational electronics company. Panasonic is known for their electronics products. The company was created by Kōnosuke Matsushita in 1918. It is the fourth-largest television manufacturer in the world. The company was known as Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. from 1935 to October 1, 2008.

References

Other websites
Panasonic Global website

1918 establishments
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Electronics companies of Japan
Technology companies of Japan
Multinational technology companies
Telephone companies
1910s establishments in Japan
Suzanne Moore (born 1958) is an English journalist. Moore was born in Ipswich to an American father and a Tory mother. She is a feminist.

References

1958 births
Living people
British feminists
English journalists
People from Ipswich
Military or belligerent occupation is a control by a certain ruling power over a territory, which is not under the formal sovereignty of that entity, without the violation. The territory is then known as the occupied territory, and the ruling power is the occupant.

References

Military tactics
Hendrik "Henk" Weerink (2 July 1936 – 13 March 2014) was a Dutch association football referee. He refereed between 1967 and 1983 for more than 450 matches in national and international matches. He was born in Coevorden, Drenthe.

Weerink died on 13 March 2014 in his hometown of Coevorden. He was 77 years old.

References

Other websites
 Henk Weerink at World Referee

1936 births
2014 deaths
Dutch football referees
Sportspeople from Drenthe
Cees Veerman (6 October 1943 – 15 March 2014) was a Dutch musician. He was a singer, composer and guitarist for the rock band The Cats. He was born in Volendam in the province of North Holland.

Veerman died in his sleep on the morning of 15 March 2014 in Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. He was 70 years old.

References

Other websites

 Cees Veerman at Discogs

1943 births
2014 deaths
21st-century Dutch composers
20th-century Dutch composers
Dutch singers
People from North Holland
Rock composers
Rock guitarists
Rock singers
Anzu  is a genus of oviraptorosaurian dinosaurs from the latest Cretaceous, 66 million years ago (mya). Its remains were found in North and South Dakota. The type species is Anzu wyliei.

Anzu wyliei had a toothless beak, a prominent crest, long arms ending in slender relatively straight claws, long powerful legs with slender toes, and a very long tail. In life, the animal was about  to  long and  to  in weight. It was one of the largest known oviraptorosaurs and the largest known from North America (though the giant Mongolian oviraptorosaur Gigantoraptor was far larger).

The type species is the first well-preserved example of a North American oviraptorosaur. According to a paleontologist at the Smithsonian "for almost a hundred years, the presence of oviraptorosaurs in North America was only known from a few bits of skeleton, and the details of their appearance and biology remained a mystery. With the discovery of A. wyliei, we finally have the fossil evidence to show what this species looked like and how it is related to other dinosaurs".  The creature's formidable appearance – "big crests on their skulls, a beak, no teeth, and a very bird-like skeleton" – led to it being jokingly called the "chicken from hell" in press releases.

The fossils of Anzu wyliei were found in mudstone rock that had once been part of ancient floodplains. Its Asian counterparts lived in arid or semi-arid conditions. 

Its lifestyle was that of "a fast-running, ecological generalist that didn't quite fit the usual moulds of meat-eating or plant-eating dinosaur". It was not on the direct line of descent of modern birds, but it did have bird-like features: 
"it would have had a lot of birdy behaviors. When people think of a dinosaur, they think of something like a T. rex or a brontosaurus, and when they think of a bird, they think of something like a sparrow or a chicken. This animal, Anzu, has a mosaic of features of both of those groups".

The function of Anzu's large crest is debated. The crest "is very large and made of paper-thin bone, so it was not able to take much stress. All oviraptosaurs have this crest but it is certainly the largest in A. wyliei". The most likely function is for display, signalling to members of its own species. Also, it might be used to attract a mate. 

The fossils showed evidence of injuries, including a healed broken rib and an arthritic toe that was probably the result of a tendon being ripped away from the bone. It is not known whether this indicates that the animals fought each other, or were injured by predators.

References 

Cretaceous dinosaurs
Oviraptorosauria
Geoffrey Bayldon (7 January 1924 – 10 May 2017) was a British actor. He is known for having the lead role in Catweazle (1970–72). Bayldon denied the role of both the First and Second Doctors in the long-running BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who. He was born in Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire.

Bayldon died on 10 May 2017 in London at the age of 93. His partner of many years, fellow actor Alan Rowe, predeceased him in 2000.

References

Other websites
 

1924 births
2017 deaths
Actors from Leeds
Actors who played Q
English LGBT people
English movie actors
English television actors
Gay men
LGBT actors
Livermore, California is a city in Alameda County, California. It is near San Francisco. It has 82,039 people.

Cities in California
Settlements in Alameda County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area