cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Massimiliano Antonio "Max" Cavalera (born August 4, 1969) is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter. He was the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the heavy metal band Sepultura, before forming Soulfly in the late 1990s. Cavalera was also involved in a short-lived side project, Nailbomb, and is currently performing with Soulfly and another project, Cavalera Conspiracy.

Discography
Sepultura
Bestial Devastation EP (1985)
Morbid Visions (1986)
Schizophrenia (1987)
Beneath the Remains (1989)
Arise (1991) US#119
Third World Posse EP (1993)
Chaos A.D. (1993) US#32 US Gold
Refuse/Resist EP (1994)
Roots (1996) US#27 US Gold
The Roots of Sepultura (1996)
Blood-Rooted (1997) US#162
Under a Pale Grey Sky (2002)

Nailbomb
Point Blank (1994)
Proud to Commit Commercial Suicide (1995)

Soulfly
Soulfly (1998) US#79 US Gold
Tribe EP (1999)
Primitive (2000) US#32
3 (2002) US#46
Prophecy (2004) US#82
Dark Ages (2005) US#155
Conquer (2008) US#66
Omen (2010) US#73

Cavalera Conspiracy
Inflikted (2008) US#72
Blunt Force Trauma (2011) US#123

Related pages
 Sepultura

Other websites

 Soulfly Official Site
 Cavalera Conspiracy 
 Roadrunner Records' Soulfly site 
 Roadrunner Records' Cavalera Conspiracy site 
 Phoenix New Times article on Max 
 NY Rock interview 
 Asice.net interview 

Sepultura members
Brazilian singers
Heavy metal guitarists
Songwriters
1969 births
Living people
People from Belo Horizonte
Derrick Leon Green (born January 20, 1971) is an American singer. He is the lead singer for the Brazilian heavy metal band Sepultura. Allmusic said about the singer: "There was a time when the idea of Sepultura recording without Max Cavalera seemed unthinkable. But the incendiary Green turned out to be a fine replacement."

Discography

Outface 
1992 - Friendly Green

Sepultura 
 Against (1998)
 Nation (2001)
 Roorback (2003)
 Dante XXI (2006)
 A-Lex (2009)
 Kairos (2011)

Sepultura members
Heavy metal musicians
American rock guitarists
African-American people
Vegetarians
Singers from Cleveland, Ohio
Musicians from Ohio
1971 births
Living people
Srbosjek (literally "Serb cutter" in Croatian, often referred to as "cutthroat") is the colloquial Croatian term for a type of knife  created and used solemly for slaughtering inmates in concentration camps (hence the name).

History

The knife gained notoriety in the former Yugoslavian countries because it was believed to be used by the Croatian Ustaše during World War II for the killing of prisoners in the concentration camps of the Nazi-puppet Independent State of Croatia, most notably the Jasenovac concentration camp. 

It is said that in the Jasenovac concentration camp competitions in speedy slaughter were organized by the Ustaše. The winner of one such competition, Petar Brzica slit the throats of 1,300 (or 1360 ) Serbian and Jewish  prisoners.

Description
The upper part of the knife was made of leather, as a sort of a glove, designed to be worn with the thumb going through the hole, so that only the blade protruded from the hand. It was a curved, 12 cm long knife with the edge on its concave side. The knife was fastened to a bowed oval copper plate, while the plate was fastened to a thick leather bangle. The knife was fixed on the glove plate in order to prevent injuries and to prevent taking care of a separate knife in order to improve the work speed.

Such a type of wheat sheaf knife was manufactured prior to and during World War II by German factory Gebrüder Gräfrath from Solingen under the trademark "Gräwiso". 
Gebrüder Gräfrath was taken over in 1961 by Hubertus Solingen.

Related pages
 Jasenovac concentration camp

References

Bibliography
Ladislaus Hory and Martin Broszat: Der kroatische Ustascha-Staat, 1941-1945, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt Stuttgart, 1964
Dave Hunt: Die Frau und das Tier Geschichte, Gegenwart und Zukunft der römischen Kirche © 1994 by Dave Hunt, Herausgegeben von Harvest House Publishers, Eugene, Oregon - Das Abschlachten der Serben Chapter, pages 289-301
Egon Berger: 44 mjeseca u Jasenovcu, Graficki Zavod Hrvatske, Zagreb 1966

Other websites
 The Vatican's Holocaust by Avro Manhattan  
 Jasenovac Research Institute 
  Blood and Ashes of Jasenovac by Lordan Zafranovic

Croatia
World War II
Binghamton is a city in the U.S. state of New York.  It is near Pennsylvania, and sits along the Susquehanna River.  In 2010, 47,376 people lived in the city, while 251,725 people lived in the metropolitan area.  In the past, Binghamton was known for making cigars, shoes, and computers.  IBM started in the Binghamton area.  Today, the area is home to Binghamton University.

Binghamton is home to the Binghamton Senators hockey team and the Binghamton Mets baseball team.

References

County seats in New York
Cities in New York
The Status of Indian cities has two  Government of India ranking systems used to pay workers more in some cities. There are two allowances; Compensatory City Allowance (CCA) to pay more because it is more expensive to buy things in cities. CCA is divided into categories A-1, A, B-1 and B-2. House Rent Allowance (HRA) is the second additional payment. It is divided into categories A-1, A, B-1, B-2 and C. This plan was first based on the recommendations of the Fifth Pay Commission of India (1997). City statuses were later changed based on the results of the 2001 Census of India.

The following list classifies several Indian cities based on their CCA and HRA statuses. 



References 

fr:Villes de l'Inde
Markus Schopp (born 22 February 1974 in Graz, Austria) is a retired Austrian football midfielder. Now he is assistance coach of the Austrian U21 team and analyst for the pay TV group SKY.

Career
He started his career in the youth teams of ESK  and SK Sturm Graz. His professional career started with SK Sturm Graz. He played till 1996 for this team and won the Austrian Cup in 1996. He went on to Hamburger SV in the German Bundesliga where he played till 1998. In his second season for HSV he played not regularly so he went back to Sturm Graz. There he reached the Austrian championship two times and played three seasons in the UEFA Champions League. 

After the international games he went to Brescia Calcio in Italys Seria A. After the relegation of Brescia to Seria B he came back to Austria. There he played for Red Bull Salzburg. The last years he was on loan to Red Bull New York. He retired from football in December 2007 due to chronic back problems.

International career
He made his first match for Austria in an August 1995 European Championship qualifying match against Latvia. He was also in the team for the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France  He played 56 matches and shot 6 goals. His last match  was an October 2005 World Cup qualifying match against Northern Ireland.

Club statistics

1991–1996 	SK Sturm Graz 	102 matches	(10 goals)
1996–1998 	Hamburger SV 	40matches	 	(3 goals)
1998–2001 	SK Sturm Graz 	101 matches		(20 goals)
2001–2005 	Brescia Calcio 	80 matches		(3 goals)
2005–2006 	Red Bull Salzburg matches		31 	(6 goals)
2006–2008 	 Red Bull New York (loan) 	10 matches		(0 goals)
Total 	364 matches  	(42 goals)

National team statistics

|-
|1995||4||1
|-
|1996||6||0
|-
|1997||4||0
|-
|1998||5||0
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||6||0
|-
|2001||6||0
|-
|2002||4||1
|-
|2003||7||1
|-
|2004||7||3
|-
|2005||4||0
|-
!Total||56||6
|}

1974 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
SK Sturm Graz managers
Biology is the science that deals with living things. In general:
Living organisms respond to the stimuli

Living organisms interact with their environment, which includes members of the same and other species.
Living organisms have a metabolism: they take in food which they then convert as energy to perform their daily or day to day activities.
Living organisms reproduce: they give birth to others of the same species, in order to continue their ancestral living. This is not true of all individual organisms. In eusocial organisms, some castes cannot reproduce. But, since the sterile workers are all the produce of a single queen, they are one collective.

Many things that appear to be one organism are in fact several living together. An example is lichen. Lichen is a symbiosis between a blue-green algae and fungi. Organisms that live together may not reproduce together, but their life processes bound up together. They help each other to live.

five examples of life processes 
 Physiological process, those processes specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, limbs, and organisms.
 Reproduction
 Digestion
 Response to stimulus: (in terms of movement impulses, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc). In animals, this is mainly the function of the nervous system.
 Other processes: cell growth, cellular differentiation, fermentation, fertilisation, germination, tropism, hybridisation, metamorphosis, morphogenesis, photosynthesis, transpiration.

Modern ideas 
Modern ideas from molecular biology, cell biology and cybernetics give us more ways of describing biological processes.

Cells and macro-molecules 
All life processes on Earth use the chemistry of carbon compounds. In particular, all life uses long-chain molecules such as proteins and nucleic acid. With water, which is essential, the long molecules are wrapped inside membranes to form cells. This is true of all known life.

Systems theory 
Living organisms are open systems. The main idea is that the processes serve to keep them alive by homeostasis. They are always changing, but always staying within certain limits as long as they live. 

They do this by exchanging materials and information with their environment. They undergo metabolism, maintain homeostasis, possess a capacity to grow, respond to stimuli and reproduce. All of this preserves the individual and its race or species.

Related pages 	
Biology	
Life	
Senses
Sex

References 

Life
Cinco de Mayo  (Spanish for "fifth of May") is a holiday celebrating Mexican heritage inkling
and pride, and is held on May 5. It is celebrated in the United States and in some parts of Mexico, mostly in the state of Puebla. Cinco de Mayo  is not Mexico's Independence Day, the most important national holiday in Mexico.

In the Mexican state of Puebla, Cinco de Mayo  is celebrated because the Mexican army won the Battle of Puebla from the French army on May 5, 1862. This was a surprising victory. The army was under the leadership of  General Ignacio Zaragoza Seguín.

United States

 

In the United States Cinco de Mayo is more important than in Mexico. It is a day to celebrate the culture and experiences of Americans of Mexican ancestry. This is in the same way as other holidays like Saint Patrick's Day, Oktoberfest, and the Chinese New Year are used to celebrate those of Irish, German, and Chinese ancestry. Cinco de Mayo is celebrated by many Americans, not only by Americans of Mexican origin. Celebrations use both traditional Mexican symbols, like the Virgen de Guadalupe, and prominent figures with Mexican roots in the United States, including César Chávez. Many people display Cinco de Mayo banners while schools organize events to educate pupils about Mexico. Special events and celebrations highlight Mexican culture, especially its music and regional dancing. Examples include baile folklórico and mariachi demonstrations held every year at the Plaza del Pueblo de Los Angeles, near Olvera Street. Businesses advertise Mexican products and services, especially Mexican drinks, foods, and music.

Mexico
Cinco de Mayo is a regional holiday limited mostly to the state of Puebla.

Elsewhere
Cinco de Mayo is also celebrated outside Mexico and the United States. For example, a sky-diving club near Vancouver, Canada, holds a Cinco de Mayo skydiving event. In the Cayman Islands, in the Caribbean, there is a yearly Cinco de Mayo air guitar competition. As far away as the island of Malta, in the Mediterranean Sea, revelers are encouraged to drink Mexican beer on May 5.

Related pages
 History of Mexico
 Napoleon III

References

Other websites

 Cinco De Mayo Videos on The History Channel

Holidays
May events
The Mérida State Symphony Orchestra (Spanish: Orquesta Sinfónica del Estado Mérida or OSEM) is a symphony orchestra based in the Venezuelan city of Mérida. A non-profit organization, it was founded in 1991 by the Venezuelan pianist and educator José Antonio Abreu.

History 

The orchestra was established on June 21, 1991 and evolved from the Mérida State Youth Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1978 as part of the System of Youth Orchestras of Venezuela (FESNOJIV) and led by José Antonio Abreu.

Its co-founder and first artistic director was Amílcar Rivas. Between 1994 and 1997, its Music Director was Sergio Bernal who extended the orchestra's repertoire  of European and Latin American symphonic music. Between 1998 and 2001, the OSEM was led by Felipe Izcaray who initiated major programs of community outreach and education which became a fundamental part of the orchestra's activities.  César Iván Lara has been the orchestra's Music Director since January 2004.

In the 2006 season, the orchestra participated in many official events of the Mérida State Government, University of the Andes, the FESNOJIV, and various municipalities, giving 39 symphony concerts and 108 teaching and chamber concerts in 21 municipalities in the State of Mérida. In 1999 the OSEM was designated a Patrimonio Cultural del Estado Mérida (Cultural Patrimony of the State of Mérida).

The orchestra began its 20th anniversary year on January 15, 2011 with a performance of Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 2 for the second annual Festival de Música de Mérida.

Related pages
Venezuelan music

References

Other websites 
Mérida State Symphony Orchestra Official Website 

1990s music groups
Orchestras
Non-profit organizations
Mérida (state)
Patriot Day is a day of remembrance in the United States. It happens on September 11 of each year. It remembers the 2,977 killed in the September 11, 2001 attacks. Most Americans call this day "Nine-Eleven (9/11)," "September Eleventh," or something similar.

The day was officially created on October 25, 2001. The U.S. House of Representatives Joint Resolution 71 was approved by a vote of 407–0. The Resolution asked that the President would designate September 11 of each year as "Patriot Day."  President George W. Bush signed the resolution into law on December 18, 2001 (as Public Law 107-89). On September 4, 2002, President Bush proclaimed September 11, 2002 as Patriot Day. 

On this day, the American flag is to be flown at half-staff at individual American homes, at the White House, and on all U.S. government buildings, home and abroad. The President also asks Americans to observe a moment of silence beginning at 8:46 A.M. (Eastern Daylight Time). This is the time the first plane struck the North Tower of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001.

Other websites
 Text of the statute
 Public Law 107-89
 Archived version of 2001 proclamation
 2002 proclamation, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 , 2010
 The September 11 Digital Archive
Detailed information on the bill from THOMAS 

Holidays
Saint Walpurga or Walburga (; c. 710 – February 25, 777 or 779), also spelled Valderburg or Guibor, was an English missionary to the Frankish Empire. She was canonized (made a saint) on 1 May ca. 870 by Pope Adrian II. 

Walpurga's feast day is on 25 February. The day of her canonization, 1 May, was also celebrated during the high medieval period. Especially in the 11th century under Anno II, Archbishop of Cologne. Walpurgis Night is the eve of May Day, celebrated in folklore in Europe with dancing.

Life

Together with her brothers, Saint Willibald and Saint Winibald, she travelled to Francia (now Württemberg and Franconia) to help her uncle, Saint Boniface, in evangelizing among the Germans. She was educated by the nuns of Winborne Abbey, Dorset, where she spent twenty-six years. Thanks to her rigorous training, she was later able to write St. Winibald's biography and an account in Latin of St. Willibald's travels in Palestine. She is often credited with being the first female author of both England and Germany.  

She became a nun and lived in the double monastery of Heidenheim am Hahnenkamm near Eichstätt, which was founded by her brother, Willibald. After his death in 751, she became abbess. Walburga died on 25 February 777 or 779 and was buried at Heidenheim. In the 870s, her remains were brought to Eichstätt. 

At Eichstätt, her bones were placed in a rocky hole in the wall. The bones began to produce, it was said, a miraculously therapeutic oil. This made people come to her shrine.

The earliest picture of Walpurga is from the early 11th century. It comes from the Hitda Codex, which was made in Cologne. It shows her holding stylized stalks of grain. The grain can be seen as an example of where a Christian saint (Walpurga) took over from an older pagan concept, in this case of the Grain Mother.      

Walpurga is the patroness of Eichstätt, Antwerp, Oudenaarde, Veurne, Groningen, Zutphen and other towns in the Low Countries.

References 

Christian saints
710s births
770s deaths
Missionaries
Sadie Frost (born 19 June 1965) is an English actress. She runs fashion label Frost French.

Frost starred in a Jelly Tots advertisement at the age of 3. She won a scholarship to the Italia Conti Academy.
But after an early eating disorder, she gave up acting at 13. She attended Hampstead School.

As an actress, Frost has acted in: Press Gang and Casualty. Frost and her first husband Gary Kemp starred together in the 1990s film The Krays. Frost and Kemp were married for 5 years. They divorced on 19 August 1995.

In 2004, she wrote and presented a short lived series What Sadie did next... for E4. In 2005, she appeared in Eating with...Sadie Frost on BBC2. In March 2006, Frost flew to South Africa to part-fund an orphanage for the Homes of Hope project.

She met Jude Law when they were both working on the film Shopping. They married on 2 September 1997 and had three children.
Frost and Law divorced on 29 October 2003.

References

Other websites

Sadie Frost Charity Information
http://www.streamlighte14.co.uk/index.php/streamlight/penthouses/ 

1965 births
Living people
Actors from London
English movie actors
English television actors
Movie producers from London
People from Islington
Leif Erikson Day is a holiday that happens on October 9. It honors Leif Ericson, the Norse explorer who brought the first Europeans known to be in North America.

History
America Not Discovered by Columbus by Rasmus B. Anderson was published in 1874. This book helped make popular the idea that Vikings were the first Europeans in the New World. In 1925, American President Calvin Coolidge recognised Leif Erikson as the Discoverer of America. This was due to research by Norwegian-American scholars such as Knut Gjerset and Ludvig Hektoen. 

In 1930, Wisconsin became the first state to officially adopt Leif Erikson Day as a state holiday. A year later, the state of Minnesota did the same. By 1956, Leif Erikson Day was an official holiday seven states (Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, Illinois, Colorado, Washington, and California) and one Canadian province (Saskatchewan). 

In 1963, the U.S. Representative from Duluth, John Blatnik, introduced a bill to observe Leif Erikson Day in the rest of the United States. In 1964, the United States Congress authorized and requested the President to create the observance through a yearly proclamation. Lyndon B. Johnson and each President since have done so. Presidents have used the proclamation to praise the spirit of discovery and the contributions of Americans of Nordic descent generally. Some states officially commemorate Leif Erikson Day, particularly in the Upper Midwest, where large numbers of people from the Nordic countries settled.

Date
October 9th is not related with any event in Leif Erikson's life. The date was chosen because the ship Restauration coming from Stavanger, Norway, arrived in New York Harbor on October 9, 1825. This was the start of the first organized immigration from Norway to the United States.

References

Further reading

Other websites
Leif Erikson Day - October 9th 
Leif Ericson Viking Ship, Inc.  
 Brief History of Leif Erikson's Life & Voyages

Sample proclamations:

1998
2005
2007
2009 

Holidays
Ian McDiarmid () is a Scottish theatre actor and director. He was born 11 August 1944. He has also made some appearances on movie and television .

Worldwide, he is most famous for his role as Emperor Palpatine in the Star Wars live action movie series. He was in both the original and prequel trilogies. McDiarmid has been in 47 movies since 1976.

McDiarmid was born in Carnoustie in Tayside. McDiarmid went to the University of St Andrews, to study psychology. Soon after, he decided he wanted a career in the theatre instead, and took acting training courses at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow. In 1968, McDiarmid got a gold medal for his acting work.

McDiarmid was cast by George Lucas in Return of the Jedi as Emperor Palpatine, the main villain. Sixteen years later, he came back to the role as a younger Senator and Chancellor in the Star Wars prequel movies. He said that it helped to be much younger than his character the first time he played the part. The prequels had him play two faces to his character: He created an pleasant and likeable character in Palpatine's public face. Darth Sidious is the Chancellor's Sith alter ego.

Other websites
 
 
 Ian McDiarmid at Broadway.com
 Star Wars Actors Database at Nerf-Herders-Anonymous.net
 Bio from the official Star Wars site
 Bio from Hollywood.com
 B.Charles in Our Hidden Lives film-page

Scottish movie actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
1944 births
Living people
Scottish theatre directors
Richard David Briers, CBE (14 January 1934 - 17 February 2013) was an English actor whose career has contained theatre, television, film and radio. Briers was born in Raynes Park, Surrey, England.

In 1961, Briers got the lead male role in Marriage Lines in the 1960s. It was in the next decade when he played Tom Good in the BBC sitcom The Good Life that he made a household name. In the 1980s he starred in Ever Decreasing Circles. He from 2000 to 2002 came back to the spotlight with a leading role in Monarch of the Glen. Briers was the first narrator and voice actor for the show Enid Blyton's Noddy.

Richard Briers was made OBE in 1989, and CBE in 2003. 

Briers was a heavy smoker until he quit in 2003. He was diagnosed with emphysema in 2008.

References

Other websites

Richard Briers  at the BBC Comedy Guide
Richard Briers at BFI ScreenOnline

1934 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Surrey
Deaths from emphysema
Disease-related deaths in England
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Simon Phillip Hugh Callow, CBE (born 15 June 1949) is an English actor, writer and theatre director.

Callow was born in Streatham, London, UK, to Yvonne Mary Guise and Neil Francis Callow. 
He attended the London Oratory School.

Callow is one of the most prominent gay actors in Britain. 
For a while Callow lived with director Daniel Kramer.

References

Other websites

Simon Callow's - MusicalTalk discussing his role as Captain Hook in Peter Pan at the Richmond Theatre, Christmas 2008.
Simon Callow  - Downstage Center interview at American Theatre Wing.org, September 2006
Simon Callow on BBC1's This Week
theartsdesk Q&A: Simon Callow (2 October 2010)

Actors from London
English LGBT people
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English theatre directors
Gay men
LGBT actors
1949 births
Living people
Elgin (; ) is a old cathedral city and Royal Burgh in Moray, Scotland.
The town was first to the south of the River Lossie on the higher ground above the flood plain.
Elgin is first documented in the Cartulary of Moray in 1190.

In August 1040, Macbeth's army beat Duncan I at Bothganowan (Pitgaveny), near Elgin.
David I made Elgin a royal burgh around 1130, after his defeat of Óengus of Moray.
During David's reign, the castle was built at the top of what is now Lady Hill.
Edward I of England travelled twice to Elgin. During his first visit in 1296 he was impressed by what he saw. 
In the 19th century the old medieval town of Elgin was swept away, and many new buildings were added to the town centre.

Notes

Other websites
 Census data 
 Elgin Museum - Four Star Local Museum
 Elgin City FC - Official website of Elgin City FC
 Council - Moray Council
 Leisure Centre - Moray Leisure Centre
  - Official website for the Elgin Youth Cafe

Towns in Scotland
Trois-Rivières () is a city in Quebec, Canada.
It is where the Saint-Maurice and Saint Lawrence Rivers meet. 
It was first created on July 4, 1634.
It was the second permanent settlement in New France, after Quebec City in 1608.

The city's name is French for three rivers.
It is called because the Saint-Maurice River, which is divided by two small islands at the river 's opening, has three mouths at the Saint Lawrence River.

Sister city
Trois-Rivières is twinned with:
 Tours, France

References

Other websites 
 Official site of Trois-Rivières
 Tourisme Mauricie Regional tourist office
 Troisrivieresplus.net
 Répertoire des clubs de golf de Trois-Rivières 
 Le Nouvelliste 
 Grand-Prix de Trois-Rivières
 Pictures of Trois-Rivières  (2001 to date)

1634 establishments in North America
 
Establishments in Canada
Devin Setoguchi (born January 1, 1987 in Taber, Alberta) is an Canadian professional ice hockey right winger that currently plays for the Minnesota Wild. Setoguchi also played 4 seasons in the WHL; 3 for the Saskatoon Blades and 1 for the Prince George Cougars. Setoguchi is of Canadian-Japanese origins. He was drafted by the San Jose Sharks with the 8th overall pick in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft. Setoguchi went on to play 4 seasons with the Sharks before being traded along with Charlie Coyle and a first round pick in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft to the Minnesota Wild for Brent Burns and second round pick in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

Other websites 

1987 births
American Hockey League players
Calgary Flames players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
ECHL players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
San Jose Sharks players
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
Minnesota Wild players
Prince George Cougars players
Saskatoon Blades players
Winnipeg Jets players
Nick on CBS was a Saturday morning children's programming block for CBS that began on September 16, 2000, replacing CBS Kidshow. This Saturday morning block presented programming from Nick Jr., which at a time shared common ownership with CBS under Viacom. When the block first properly aired, it was hosted by Face from Nick Jr.
On September 14, 2002, Nick Jr. on CBS was re-branded as Nick on CBS, and airing both Nickelodeon and Nick Jr. shows. The Nickelodeon shows were removed in 2005 in favor for a return to an exclusively-Nick Jr. block. The block's continuity was provided by segments featuring Piper O'Possum.

At the beginning of New Year's Eve 2005, Viacom split into two different companies, with CBS Corporation becoming its own standalone company and Nickelodeon going to new Viacom. Nick Jr. on CBS ended on September 9, 2006 and was replaced by KOL Secret Slumber Party on CBS on September 16, 2006, as part of a multi-year partnership between CBS and Cookie Jar Entertainment.

All programming during the block, as is standard for Saturday morning network programming, was labelled as meeting E/I requirements, as tennous as some of the claims of educational content may have been. This is part of the reason why some of Nickelodeon's most popular programs (most notably SpongeBob SquarePants and The Fairly OddParents) did not appear on the block, even during the more open-formatted Nick on CBS era.

Programming

Nick Jr.

Live-action/animated series

Animated series

Nickelodeon

Live-action series

Animated series

Block slogans
Nick Jr. is Just for Me! (2000-2002)
Nick on CBS, Cool! (2002-2004)
Solo! (2004-2005)
Nick Jr. Play to Learn (2005-2006)
Nick Jr, Playtime (2009)

References

Columbia Broadcasting System
Nickelodeon
Children's television series
Cape Helles is a rocky area at the south-westernmost end of the Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey. It was the scene of fighting between Turkish and British troops during the Gallipoli Campaign, 1915. It is now the site a memorial for this campaign.

References

Landforms of Turkey
World War I
Capes
The parabola (from the Greek παραβολή) is a type of curve. Menaechmus (380–320 BC) discovered the parabola, and Apollonius of Perga (262 BC–c190 BC) first named it.

A parabola is a conic section. If a cone is dissected by a plane which is parallel to one of the surfaces of the cone, the result is a parabola. The point where the parabola reaches its maximum or minimum is called the "vertex." At this point the curvature of the parabola is greatest.

Each parabola has a focal point. Any ray that enters the parabola and is parallel to the axis of symmetry will pass through this point after being reflected by the curve. Because of this fact, parabolas are important in devices such as satellite dishes, or magnifying mirrors. Parabolas are often used to approximate curves that are more difficult to model by themselves.

Every parabola uses the equation , where ,  and  are constants, and  is not equal to .  

Conic sections
Christian Schwegler (born 6 June 1984 in Ettiswil) is a Swiss footballer. He plays for Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga as defender.

He started with FC Luzern in the Swiss Challenge League (2nd division) and went on to Arminia Bielefeld in Germany but after one half of the season he went back to Switzerland. There he played for BSC Young Boys Bern. In 2009 he signed with FC Red Bull Salzburg where he played regularly as right defender. He is known for his long throw-ins (up to 35 meters).During the match versus SV Mattersburg on 27th March 2010 he shot his first goal for Salzburg. In the first half of the 2010/11 season he was injured and could not play the rest of the year.

Christian Schwegler has a younger brother who is also a professional footballer playing for Eintracht Frankfurt in the German Bundesliga.

Honours
Austrian Champion
1x with FC Red Bull Salzburg (2010)

Other websites
Red Bull Salzburg profile 
football.ch profile
Guardian Football Stats 

Swiss footballers
1984 births
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Living people
Chien-Ming Wang (born March 31, 1980) is a Taiwanese Major League Baseball player. He plays for the Cincinnati Reds.  He is a pitcher.  Before he played for the Nationals, Wang played for the New York Yankees. He got 19 wins in the year of 2006 and 2007 and became the first Asian to be the win champion.

However, after his injury in 2008, he started to pitch horribly as he attained an era of 9.64 along with 1 win and 6 losses in the 2009 season. He then got injured again and the New York Yankees did not renew his contract after. He became a free agent.

In 2010, the Washington Nationals signed Wang and helped him recover from his injuries. He did not attend any games in this season.

Wang pitched his first game on July 29, 2011 and ended the season with 11 starts, recorded 4–3 with a 4.04 ERA.

On March 15, 2012, Wang was once again injured. When he recovered, his starting position has been replaced by Ross Detwiler and he pitched as a relief pitcher and sometimes a starter pitcher. But he still did not do well this season.

Living people
1980 births
Washington Nationals players
Taiwanese people
New York Yankees players
"Peace Sells" is a song by the American thrash metal band Megadeth from the 1986 album Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?, written by Dave Mustaine. It, along with Wake Up Dead from the same album, has been a staple at Megadeth concerts. Lyrically, it deals with negative stereotypes about "metalheads", all of which Mustaine claims are untrue. VH1 has ranked "Peace Sells" at #11 on their list of the 40 greatest metal songs of all time.

Music video
Music video was produced for the song, which features a teenage boy, wearing a Slayer t-shirt, watching a montage of a live Megadeth performance and war footage on his living room television set. The boy's father, states "What is this garbage you're watching? I want to watch the news!," and changes the television channel to a news station using the remote control. His son, replying with "This is the news!," changes it back to the Megadeth performance using the TV set's channel knob. This part of the video was parodied by comedian Brian Posehn in his Metal by Numbers video. The beginning of the video also showed the explosion of the original low-cost skull used on the previous album Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good!

Appearances and covers
Opening bassline was used as the theme for MTV News. Mustaine claims he never received any royalties for MTV's usage of the song.
It is featured in 2002 video game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City.
It is featured in video game True Crime: Streets of LA.
It is featured in video game NHL 10.
It is playable track in 2008 music video game Rock Band 2.
It is downloadable content for 2009 music video game Guitar Hero 5.
Tigertailz covered the song and it can be found on their 1991 B-sides compilation album Banzai!.

1986 songs
Megadeth
A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery is an 18th-century oil painting by Joseph Wright of Derby. Its full title is A Philosopher giving that Lecture on the Orrery in which a lamp is put in place of the Sun. The painting shows a teacher talking about the sun and planets to his class. Wright later created his similar An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump (National Gallery, London) in 1768.

Wright's The Orrery, caused a great debate, because in the past, only religious events were used to express awe. Wright used science to do so. In an age of much new technology, he treated religious events and scientific miracles.  In the orrery demonstration, the shadows created by the lamp mimic the sun, and it is a part of the display of heliocentrism. He used a single candle to make his painting dramatic. In two later paintings, the lighting is normal.

One person called Wright "a very great and uncommon genius in a peculiar way". The Orrery was painted without payment. Wright expected that Washington Shirley, 5th Earl Ferrers, an amateur astronomer, will buy the painting, because Shirley had his own orrery, and Wright's friend Peter Perez Burdett was staying with him. Figures are considered to be portraits of Burdett and Ferrers. In the picture, Burdett is taking notes and Ferrers is seated with his son next to the orrery. Ferrers purchased the painting for £210, but the 6th Earl sold it at an auction. It is now held by Derby Museum and Art Gallery as its permanent display.

Some people say that John Whitehurst was the model for the teacher. However, other people say the figure is similar to "a painting of Isaac Newton by Godfrey Kneller".

Related pages
Joseph Wright of Derby
Derby Museum and Art Gallery

Notes

References

Egerton, Judy (1998), National Gallery Catalogues (new series): The British School. catalogue entry pp. 332–343, 

Guilding, Ruth, and others, William Weddell and the transformation of Newby Hall, Jeremy Mills Publishing for Leeds Museums and Galleries, 2004, , 9780901981691, Google books

Waterhouse, Ellis, (4th Edn, 1978) Painting in Britain, 1530–1790. Penguin Books (now Yale History of Art series), 

18th-century paintings
Collections of Derby Museum and Art Gallery
British paintings
The Frankfurt Parliament (, literally Frankfurt National Assembly) was the first freely elected parliament for all of Germany. Session was held from May 18, 1848 to May 31, 1849 in the Paulskirche, Frankfurt|Paulskirche at Frankfurt am Main. It was elected during the "March Revolution" in the states of the German Confederation.

The assembly produced the so-called Paulskirche Constitution () which proclaimed a German Empire based on the principles of parliamentary democracy. This constitution fulfilled the main demands of the liberal and nationalist movements of the Vormärz and provided a foundation of human rights. The parliament also proposed a constitutional monarchy headed by a hereditary emperor (Kaiser). The Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm IV did not accept the office of emperor when it was offered to him. He argued such an offer was an offence against the rights of the princes of the individual German states. In the 20th century, however, major elements of the Frankfurt constitution became models for the Weimar Constitution of 1919 and the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany of 1949.

References

William Carr: A History of Germany, 1815-1945. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1969.
Frank Eyck: Frankfurt Parliament, 1969 
Rosemary O’Kane: Paths to Democracy: Revolution and Totalitarianism. New York: Routeledge. 2004. pgs 96-98.
 Brian E. Vick: Defining Germany: The 1848 Frankfurt Parliamentarians and National Identity (Harvard University Press, 2002).  –

Other websites
Text of the Paulskirche Constitution on Documentarchiv.de

1848 in Europe
1849
1840s in Germany
Democracy movements
Parliaments
Politics of Germany
Revolutions
Frankfurt
Angkor Wat () is a temple complex at Siem Reap, Cambodia, built for the Hindu king Suryavarman II in the early 12th century as his state temple and capital city. Before long it became a Buddhist site. It is the world's largest religious building. Angkor fell into decline after the 14th Century.

References

Other websites

 Angkor Wat - APSARA Authority Official Description
 

Archaeological sites in Asia
Buddhist buildings
Hinduism
World Heritage Sites in Asia
Hindu temples
Buildings and structures in Asia
12th-century establishments in Asia
Establishments in Cambodia
Australopithecus garhi is a gracile australopithecine species discovered in Ethiopia. The remains of this hominin are believed to be a human ancestor species, and perhaps the ancestor of the human genus Homo. The fossils were found in 1996 in the Bouri Formation. This is in the Middle Awash of Ethiopia's Afar Depression.

Earliest stone tools 
Some primitive shaped stone tool artifacts closely resembling Olduwan technology were discovered with the A. garhi fossils, dating back roughly 2.5 and 2.6 million years old.  The tools are thought to be older than those found with Homo habilis, which may be a direct ancestor of more modern hominins. 

For a long time anthropologists assumed that only members of early genus Homo had the ability to produce sophisticated tools. At another site in Bouri, Ethiopia, roughly 3,000 stone artifacts had been found to be about 2.5 million years old in age. Australopithecus garhi may have been the species responsible for making and using these earliest stone tools.

References 

 

Australopithecines
Alexander Sulzer (born May 30, 1984) is a German professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for Düsseldorfer EG of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). Sulzer has also played in the NHL for the Nashville Predators, Florida Panthers, Vancouver Canucks, Buffalo Sabres and the DEL for the Hamburg Freezers and DEG Metro Stars. He was traded to the Florida Panthers on February 25, 2011 for a conditional draft pick in the 2011 NHL Draft.

Other websites 

1984 births
American Hockey League players
Buffalo Sabres players
Florida Panthers players
German ice hockey players
Living people
Nashville Predators players
Sportspeople from Bavaria
Vancouver Canucks players
Ice hockey defencemen
The World Nuclear Industry Status Report is a yearly report about the global challenges facing the nuclear power industry. The reports show that the share of nuclear-generated electricity in the overall global energy production has decreased in the 2000s. Nuclear power now accounts for about 13 percent of the world’s electricity generation and 5.5 percent of primary energy.

2010-11 report
The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2010-2011 is authored by Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt, and Steve Thomas and published by the Washington-based Worldwatch Institute. The foreword is written by Amory Lovins.
 
According to the report, the international nuclear power industry has been unable to stop the slow decline of nuclear energy. The world’s reactor fleet is aging quickly and not enough new units are coming online. As of April 1, 2011, there were 437 nuclear reactors operating in the world, which was seven fewer than in 2002. The Olkiluoto plant has had particular problems:
The flagship EPR project at Olkiluoto in Finland, managed by the largest nuclear builder in the world, AREVA NP, has turned into a financial fiasco. The project is four years behind schedule and at least 90 percent over budget, reaching a total cost estimate of €5.7 billion ($8.3 billion) or close to €3,500 ($5,000) per kilowatt.

The report says that the  Fukushima I nuclear accidents have made things more difficult for nuclear energy. There is "no obvious sign that the international nuclear industry could eventually turn empirically evident downward trend into a promising future", and the Fukushima nuclear disaster is likely to accelerate the decline. With long lead times of 10 years and more, it will be difficult to maintain, let alone increase, the number of operating nuclear power plants over the next 20 years. Moreover, says the report, it is clear that nuclear power development cannot keep up with the pace of renewable energy commercialization.

References

Other websites
The End of Nuclear , Worldwatch Institute, 2011.  

Nuclear energy
Cowboys from Hell is Pantera's fifth album and their first Atco Records album. It was recorded at The Dallas Sound Lab in Irving, Texas and released on July 24, 1990. This was their first commercially successful album, exposing the band's groove metal style to mainstream audiences.

Track listing

Personnel 
Philip Anselmo – lead vocals
Diamond Darrell – guitar, backing vocals
Rex – bass, backing vocals
Vinnie Paul – drums
Produced, Engineered, and Mixed by Terry Date and Pantera
Assistant Engineer - Matt Lane
Mastered by Howie Weinberg at Masterdisk, New York City.

Other websites
 

1990 albums
2010 albums
Mycle Schneider (born 1959 in Cologne) is a German energy consultant, and lead author of The World Nuclear Industry Status Reports. In 1997 he received the Right Livelihood Award.

Life and work
Mycle Schneider is a nuclear energy expert based in Paris who has been adviser to members of the European Parliament on energy issues for more than 20 years. From 1998 to 2003, Schneider advised on energy policy for the French environment minister's office and the Belgian minister for energy and sustainable development. Since 2000 he has been a consultant on nuclear issues to the German environment ministry. He has also provided energy consulting for the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Schneider is a member of the International Panel on Fissile Materials, and the nuclear non-proliferation group Independent Group of Scientific Experts (IGSE), which is based at Hamburg University.  Since 2004 he has overseen the Environment and Energy Strategies lecture series for the Environmental and Energy Engineering Program at the French École des Mines in Nantes.

Award
In 1997, along with Jinzaburo Takagi, Schneider received the Right Livelihood Award “... for serving to alert the world to the unparalleled dangers of plutonium to human life.”

Publications
Schneider writes many publications on the safety and economic trends of the nuclear industry. He is co-editor of the 2009 book International Perspectives on Energy Policy and the Role of Nuclear Power. His World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009 was published by the German government.  Schneider and Antony Froggatt wrote the Systems for Change report for the Heinrich Böll Foundation in 2010. Also in 2010, Schneider wrote a chapter in the book Nuclear Power’s Global Expansion: Weighing Its Costs and Risks. He has commented extensively on the implications of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster.

Related pages
Amory Lovins
Christopher Flavin
Energy conservation
Renewable energy commercialization
Joseph Romm
Benjamin K. Sovacool

References

1959 births
Living people
Energy
People from Cologne
Caesars Palace is a luxury hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. Caesars Palace is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment Corp. Caesars is on the west side of the Strip, between the Bellagio and the Mirage.

Caesars Palace has 3,960 rooms. There are five towers in the hotel: Augustus, Centurion, Roman, Palace, Octavius and Forum. The Forum tower features guest suites with  of space. It is the only venue in Las Vegas to host a World Series of Poker Circuit Event.

Entertainment and attractions

Caesars offers additional attractions including:

Fall of Atlantis—free show
Festival Fountain—free show
Pure Nightclub a nightclub
A number of world-famous restaurants and celebrity chefs

In popular culture

Film
Hells Angels on Wheels 1967
Hell's Angels '69 1969
Where It's At 1969
The Electric Horseman 1979
Pleasure Palace
History of the World, Part I 1981
Rocky III 1982
Oh, God! You Devil 1984
You Ruined My Life 1987
Rain Man 1988; setting of the famous card counting scene.
Hearts Are Wild 1992
Showgirls 1995
Fools Rush In 1997
The Strip 1999
Rush Hour 2 2001
Ocean's Eleven 2001
Intolerable Cruelty 2003
Dreamgirls 2006
10.5: Apocalypse
Category 6: Day of Destruction
Iron Man 2008
The Hangover 2009; the main characters stayed in the hotel.
In the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, it is called "Caligula's Palace"
2012 2009
The Guilt Trip (film) 2012

References

Las Vegas, Nevada
Gambling
Buildings and structures in Nevada
Entertainment venues
Homo cepranensis is a proposed name for a human species, known from only one skull cap discovered in 1994. The fossil was discovered by archeologist Italo Biddittu and was nicknamed "Ceprano Man" after a nearby town in the province of Frosinone, 89 kilometers Southeast of Rome, Italy.

The age of the fossil is estimated to be between 350,000 to 500,000 years old.[3] An adjacent site, Fontana Ranuccio, was dated to 487,000 +/- 6000 years and Muttoni et al. suggest that Ceprano is most likely 450,000 years old. The cranial features on the bone seem to be intermediate between those found on Homo erectus and those of later species such as Homo heidelbergensis which dominated Europe long before Homo neanderthalensis. There is yet not enough material to make a complete analysis of the individual.

Hominids
Homo antecessor is an extinct human species dating from 1.2 million to 800,000 years ago, that was discovered by Eudald Carbonell, Juan Luis Arsuaga and J. M. Bermúdez de Castro. H. antecessor is one of the earliest known human varieties in Europe. 

The best-preserved fossil is a maxilla that belonged to a 10-year-old individual found in Atapuerca, Spain. At the site were numerous examples of cuts where the flesh had been flensed from the bones, which indicates that H. antecessor could have practised cannibalism.

Related pages 
 Human timeline

Hominids
The Right Livelihood Award, widely known as the Alternative Nobel Prize, is a major international award to honour those "working on practical and exemplary solutions to the most urgent challenges facing the world today". The prize was started in 1980 by Jakob von Uexkull, and is presented each year in early December. An international jury, invited by the five regular Right Livelihood Award board members, decides the awards in such fields as environmental protection, human rights, sustainable development, health, education, and peace. The prize money is shared among the winners, usually numbering four, and is EUR 200,000.

The prize has been awarded to a diverse group of people and organisations, including Mycle Schneider, Amory Lovins, Astrid Lindgren, Bianca Jagger, Mordechai Vanunu, and Petra Kelly.

References

Awards