cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Swashbuckler movies are movies about rough, manly swordsmen. A swashbuckling hero has high ideals. He rescues damsels in distress. His enemy is usually a dastardly villain. Swashbucklers who combine outstanding courage, sword fighting skill, resourcefulness, chivalry, and a distinctive sense of honor and justice include The Three Musketeers, The Scarlet Pimpernel, Robin Hood, and Zorro.

Swashbuckler movies are one of the most flamboyant Hollywood genres. These movies are unrealistic. They are often set in the Renaissance, in Arabia, or on pirate ships. Sets are elaborate. Costumes are lavish. Swashbuckler movies attract big audiences. These audiences want to forget their boring everyday lives. They can escape their lives in the adventure, romance, and daring stunts of the swashbuckler movie. Famous actors who portrayed swashbucklers are Errol Flynn and Douglas Fairbanks.

The stories came from romantic costume novels like those written by Alexandre Dumas, père and Rafael Sabatini. Last but not least, thrilling music was an important part of the movie formula. There were three great cycles of swashbuckler films: the Douglas Fairbanks period of 1920-1929, the Errol Flynn period of 1935-1941, and a period in the 1950s that included movies such as Ivanhoe. The British television series The Adventures of Robin Hood made the genre even more popular. The genre has been revived in the Pirates of the Caribbean series of movies.

Gallery 

Swashbuckler movies
West Point is a 1928 silent movie. The story and screenplay were written by Raymond L. Schrock. Titles were written by Joseph Farnham. The movie was directed by Edward Sedgwick. It was produced by Maj. Raymond G. Moses. The movie was shot on location at West Point and vicinity. Photoplay gave the movie a nice review, commenting: "Bill Haines' starring vehicle ... treats everything in a humorous vein in the beginning, getting many laughs." The same story was used for Dress Parade in 1927 starring William Boyd and Bessie Love. The 1928 movie has been released to DVD.

Story 
Brice Wayne (played by Billy Haines) is an arrogant, impudent, and flippant West Point cadet. He realizes that he does not have the proper school spirit. He plays football, but is dismissed from the team shortly before the Army-Navy match. Brice resigns from the Military Academy. He retracts when his friends Tex McNeil (played by William Bakewell) and Betty Channing (played by Joan Crawford) encourage him to stay. Restored to the team, Brice scores the big goal in the game against Navy.

1928 movies
1920s drama movies
American silent movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Edward Sedgwick
Martine McCutcheon (born Martine Kimberley Sherrie Ponting on 14 May 1976) is a British actress and singer. She was born in Hackney, London. She played Tiffany Mitchell in EastEnders from 1995-1998. She played Natalie in Love Actually.

Other websites 
Official website 

1976 births
Living people
Actors from London
British child actors
English movie actors
English pop singers
English stage actors
English television actors
People from Hackney
Singers from London
Love Actually is a 2003 British romantic comedy-drama movie. The large majority of it is set in London, with parts of it set in Marseille, France and Wisconsin, United States. It features several interlinked stories of love. It was written and directed by Richard Curtis. It stars Hugh Grant, Liam Neeson, Colin Firth, Laura Linney, Emma Thompson, Alan Rickman, Keira Knightley, Martine McCutcheon, Bill Nighy and Rowan Atkinson.

Release Dates

Sources

Other websites 

2003 comedy-drama movies
2003 romance movies
2000s romantic comedy movies
2000s romantic drama movies
British comedy-drama movies
British romantic comedy movies
British romantic drama movies
English-language movies
French-language movies
Marseille
Movies set in France
Movies set in London

Wisconsin
A floodplain is the flat area around a river that is covered in times of flood.  A floodplain is a very fertile area due to the rich alluvium (fine sediment) deposited by floodwaters.  This makes floodplains a good place for agriculture. A build-up of alluvium on the banks of a river can create levees, which raise the river bank.

Wetlands
Landforms
Waterways
Flood control
Satch Boogie is the fifth track from Joe Satriani's 1987 album Surfing With The Alien. The piece is a hard driving rock boogie in shuffle time. The solo is a mixture of A pentatonic blues and Dorian mode, the chord sequence is: A D F# A. The tapping solo uses Satriani's signature Pitch Axis Theory composition style, the central pitch in this case is A and the broken chords revolve around this note.

Other websites
 How to play Satch Boogie

1987 songs
A monomer is a single atom or molecule which is able to join with other monomers to make new substances called polymers. The words come from the Greek language where mono means "one", poly means "many", and meros means "a part". A feature of monomers is that they have two carbon atoms which are joined, called a carbon double bond. The double bond allows the monomer to make the long chains of polymers. There are thousands of different monomers. Examples of monomers include monosaccharide which is simple sugar, glycerol, amino acid and nucleotide. The most made monomer is ethylene

References

Chemical compounds
Polymers

hu:Molekula#Monomer
Elio Di Rupo (born 18 July 1951) is a Belgian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Belgium from 2011 to 2014. He was the leader of Parti socialiste. He was born in Morlanwelz, Wallonia to Italian parents. Di Rupo is openly gay.

Di Rupo is the first openly gay man to lead a sovereign state. He was also the first openly gay man to win the position in his own right in an election.

Di Rupo is also mayor of Mons and previously alderman of the same city.

He is an atheist and also a Freemason.

References

1951 births
Living people
Alderman of Belgium
Belgian atheists
Belgian chemists
Belgian educators
Belgian LGBT people
Belgian mayors
Former MEPs
Freemasons
Gay men
Government ministers of Belgium
LGBT politicians
MEPs for Belgium
Parti socialiste (Belgium) politicians
People from Hainaut (province)
Prime Ministers of Belgium
Walloon politicians
is a prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan on the island of Honshu. The capital is the city of Kyoto.

History
In the Meiji period, Kyoto Prefecture was made from the area of the former Yamashiro Province.

From the 7th century through the late-19th century, the city of Kyoto was the Imperial capital of Japan.

Geography 
Kyoto Prefecture is almost in the center of Honshū and of Japan.  To the north, it faces the Sea of Japan and Fukui Prefecture. To the south, it faces Osaka and Nara Prefectures. To the east, it faces Mie and Shiga Prefectures. To the west, it faces Hyōgo Prefecture.

Cities
There are fifteen cities in Kyoto Prefecture.

Towns and villages

These are the towns and villages in each district:

Education

Universities 
Kyoto University
Kyoto University of Education
Kyoto Institute of Technology
Kyoto University of Foreign Studies
Doshisha University
Ritsumeikan University
Kyoto Sangyo University (Kyoto Industrial University)
Ryukoku University
Bukkyo University
Otani University
Kyoto Gakuen University
Hanazono University

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 6% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
The Kamo Shrines (Kamigamo jinja and Shimogamo jinja) are the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Kyoto Sanga F.C.

References

Other websites 

Official Kyoto Prefecture website (in English)
Kyoto Prefectural International Center 
Kyoto Prefecture Daily Living Guide 
Kyoto Tourism Federation 
Kyoto Visitors Guide
Batik  is an Indonesian method of dyeing cloth and making it resistant using wax. Such fabrics originally come from the island of Java. Nowadays, batik also can be found worldwide, mainly in Asia and Africa.

History of batik 

Batik is an ancient fabric wax-resist dyeing tradition of Java island (nowadays part of modern Indonesia). In the Ramayana—ancient Sanskrit epics dated 500 BC—, the island of Java is recorded as the island that already had seven kingdoms long before the story of Ramayana created, and Batik is one of the regarded clothes that have glorious value that originally made by the manufacturers within the kingdoms' environment itself. Batik is a part of an ancient Javanese tradition and has been taught for centuries, the art of batik is most highly developed in Java and some of the best batiks in the world still made there until today.

Due to the colonialism, batik also became popular in the Western countries, especially since the Dutch colonial era.

Technique

To make a batik, they use the cloth as the paper, and they just start drawing hot wax over the cloth. And they said if we repeated the process, it will be more colorful. For the first step, make sure the cloth is washed. Batik patterns are drawn with pencil and later drawn again using a hot wax. The very common thing that people use is the pen-like instrument called a tjanting. After the cloth is dry, the areas keep their original color, and it also shows the pattern between the areas that have the color and do not have the color. It gives them a pattern. Then the artist repeats the process once for each color. A very traditional type of batik, called written batik, is drawn using only a tjanting. The cloth needs to be drawn on both sides and put in a color bath three or four times. The process may take up to a year.

References

Clothing
Textile arts
Cloth
Payment protection insurance (commonly abbreviated PPI) is a special insurance. People who get a loan  can get an insurance against dying, having an accident or becoming unemployed during the runtime of this loan. If the person taking the loan dies, the rest of the loan is paid by the insurance company; if they become unable to work because of an accident, or because of unemployment, the insurance company will pay the installments. 

This form of insurance has often been criticised because it is expensive; also the insurance and the people selling the insurance usually have high margins on these kinds of insurance. 

Insurance
was a Japanese political activist and assassin. He killed the head of the Japanese Socialist Party (JCP).  On October 12, 1960, the killing was broadcast live by NHK television.

Assassin
Yamaguchi was an assassin because he killed a politically active man. His reasons for the murder were political.

Yamaguchi was a member of a radical group. In 1960, he killed Inejiro Asanuma when he was at a public meeting. Soon after, Yamaguchi killed himself in a juvenile center. He wrote on the wall of the room in which he hung himself. His last words were written using a paste made from tooth powder and water. He wrote "Seven lives for my country ..." which was a reference to the last words of 14th century samurai Kusunoki Masashige.

Legacy
Yasushi Nagao captured the assassination in a dramatic photograph.  The Japanese photographer was the first non-American to be awarded the Pulitzer Prize.  The image won the 1960 World Press Photo award.

Nobel Prize-winning writer Kenzaburō Ōe based his book Seventeen on Yamaguchi.

Related pages
 John Wilkes Booth
 Gavrilo Princip
 Lee Harvey Oswald
 Osama bin Laden
 Kim Gu

References

Other websites
  1960 World Press Photo by Yasushi Nagao

1943 births
1960 deaths
Anti-Communists
People from Tokyo
Murder victims
Japanese activists
West Hollywood (nickname: WeHo) is a city of Los Angeles County, California. It was made a city on November 29, 1984. The population was 34,399 at the 2010 census. According to a 2002 analysis, 41% of the city's population is made up of gays. West Hollywood and the neighboring city of Beverly Hills are surrounded by the city of Los Angeles.

References

Other websites
 West Hollywood Official Website
 West Hollywood General Plan Update (PDF)
 West Hollywood Marketing & Visitors Bureau
 Official site for gay travel in West Hollywood
 LA County Disaster Communications Service (DCS) West Hollywood Station 
 The Avenues Official Website
 The Sunset Strip Official Website
 West Hollywood Daily News Website
 West Hollywood News Website 
 The Sunset Strip Music Festival
 LA Pride
 West Hollywood Halloween Costume Carnaval
 Official West Hollywood Filming Site
 West Hollywood Employers' Corporate Equality Index
 Los Angeles County Sheriff's Dept. – West Hollywood Station 
 La Cienega Design Quarter

 
1984 establishments in California
Stephen L. "Steve" Reeves (21 January 1926 - 1 May 2000) was an American bodybuilder and actor. He was born in Glasgow, Montana. He moved to California with his mother at age 10. He trained as a bodybuilder. He joined the US Army and served in the Pacific during World War II. 

After the war, he pursued bodybuilding. In 1946, he won the title of Mr. Pacific Coast. Within the next four years he won the world's most famous titles, including Mr. America, Mr. World, and Mr. Universe. 

Reeves started acting. In 1954, he had some small parts in movies and was on television. In 1957, he made Hercules, a low budget movie based on the ancient Greek stories of the Golden Fleece. The movie was a great success. It made $5 million in the United States.

From 1959 through 1964, Reeves starred in many low budget peplum movies. In 1963, he married Aline Czarzawicz. The couple retired to Southern California in 1969. He wrote an exercise guide, Building the Classic Physique the Natural Way. He bought a ranch and bred horses. Reeves died from lymphoma in Escondido, California in 2000.

Movie list

 Athena (1954) Hollywood movie directed by Richard Thorpe
 Jail Bait (1954) Hollywood movie directed by Ed Wood
 Hercules (1957) (Le fatiche di Ercole / The Labors of Hercules) released in Italy in 1958, released in US in 1959
 Hercules Unchained (1959) (Ercole e la regina di Lidia / Hercules and the Queen of Lydia) released in US in 1960
 Goliath and the Barbarians (1959) (Il terrore dei barbari / Terror of the Barbarians)
 The Giant of Marathon (1959) (La battaglia di Maratona / The Battle of Marathon)
 The Last Days of Pompeii (1959) (Gli ultimi giorni di Pompei / The Last Days of Pompeii)
 The White Warrior (1959) (Hadji Murad il Diavolo Bianco / Hadji Murad, The White Devil) directed by Riccardo Freda
 Morgan, the Pirate (1960) (Morgan, il pirato)
 The Thief of Baghdad  (1961) (Il Ladro di Bagdad / The Thief of Baghdad)
 The Trojan Horse (1961) (The Trojan War)
 Duel of the Titans (1961) (Romolo e Remo / Romulus And Remus)
 The Slave (1962) (Il Figlio di Spartaco / Son of Spartacus)
 The Avenger (1962) (La leggenda di Enea / The Legend Of Aeneas) this was a sequel to "The Trojan Horse" (aka The Last Glory of Troy or War of the Trojans)
 Sandokan the Great (1964) (Sandokan, the Tiger of Mompracem) directed by Umberto Lenzi
 Sandokan, the Pirate of Malaysia (1964) aka The Pirates of Malaysia, aka Pirates of the Seven Seas; this was a sequel to Sandokan the Great, directed by Umberto Lenzi
 A Long Ride from Hell (1967) (I Live for Your Death!) spaghetti western directed by Camillo Brazzoni, produced and co-written by Steve Reeves

Other websites 
An Interview with Steve Reeves by Roy Frumkes, from The Perfect Vision Magazine, Volume 6, Issue #22, July 1994
How Steve Reeves Trained by John Grimek, Muscular Development November 1964 , account of how Reeves trained to prepare for the 1950 Mr. Universe competition at the York Barbell Club gym

Feature Films: Hercules
Feature Films: Hercules Unchained
Steve Reeves Gallery

Actors from Montana
American movie actors
American television actors
Bodybuilders
Deaths from lymphoma
1926 births
2000 deaths
Hercules is a 1958 movie. It is based on the Ancient Greek tales of Hercules, Jason, the Argonauts, and the Golden Fleece. Steve Reeves stars as Hercules. A massive "saturation" promotional campaign was launched in the United States for the movie.

History 
It opened in 175 theatres alone in the New York City area. Hercules became a big hit as a result, and Steve Reeves became a big star. Hercules paved the way for dozens of flicks starring oily bodybuilders as mythological heroes battling monsters, despots, and evil queens.  The movie had a sequel called Hercules Unchained. It also starred Reeves.

Other websites 
 New York Times Tribute to Steve Reeves 
 

1950s epic movies
1958 movies
1950s fantasy movies
Peplum movies
Movies based on Greek and Roman mythology
Hercules movies
Italian-language movies
Peplum movie (sometimes, sword and sandal movie) is a movie  genre. Peplum movies have an ancient Greek, Roman, or Biblical setting. "Peplum" refers to a garment worn by the ancient Greeks and Romans.

The central character in a peplum movie is usually a muscular hero like Hercules or Samson. He wears a short peplum and battles monsters, despots, and evil queens. This oil-slicked, nearly-nude hero is rewarded at the end of the movie with the cheers of his people, clan, or tribe  and the hand of a lovely princess.

Peplum movies were mostly made in Italy. Italian moviemakers modelled peplum movies on the big budget Hollywood epics like Spartacus. The genre was very important in Italian moviemaking from 1957 to 1965, but was shoved aside in 1965 by the "Spaghetti Western".

Critics thought peplum movies were pretty poor stuff. They treated them with contempt. Italian director Vittorio Cottafavi called the genre "Neo-Mythology". Charlton Heston's Ben-Hur (1959) and Elizabeth Taylor's Cleopatra (1963) are generally considered big-budget sword and sandal movies that mark the end of the genre.

References
Muscular Christianity is a term for a movement originating during the Victorian era. It stressed the need for active Christian activism and belief of vigorous masculinity. It is most associated with the English writers Charles Kingsley and Thomas Hughes, and in Canada with Ralph Connor, though the name was bestowed by others. Kingsley and Hughes promoted physical strength and health (at least for men) as well as an active pursuit of Christian ideals in personal life and politics.

Muscular Christianity has continued itself through organisations that combine physical and Christian spiritual development. It is influential within both Catholicism and Protestantism.

References

Other websites 
''The Manly Christ: a New View". Robert Warren Conant. 1904.
The Masculine Power of Christ; or, Christ Measured as a Man. Jason Noble Pierce. 1912.

History of Christianity
19th century
Sean Ali Stone (born 1984) is an American movie director, producer, cinematographer, screenwriter and actor. He is the elder son of Oliver Stone.

Filmography
 As actor
Salvador (1986) as Boyle's Baby
Wall Street (1987) as Rudy Gekko
Born on the Fourth of July (1989) as Young Jimmy Kovic
JFK (1991) as Jasper Garrison
The Doors (1991) as Young Jim Morrison
Heaven & Earth (1993)Natural Born Killers (1994) as KevinNixon (1995) (1997) as Donald Nixon
U Turn (1997)
Any Given Sunday (1999)
Fighting Against Time: Oliver Stone's Alexander (2005) himself as narrator
Resurrecting Alexander (2005) himself as narrator
Perfect Is the Enemy of Good (2005) himself as narrator
W. (2008)
Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps (2010)
Nevo (2011) as Stephan
Graystone (2011) as Sean
American Road (2011) as Jack Kerouac
Don't Pass Me By (2012) as Josh Malek

As director, producer, cinematographer, screenwriter
Fighting Against Time: Oliver Stone's Alexander (2005) (as qriter, producer, director, cinematographer)
The Death of Alexander (2005) (as producer, director, cinematographer)
Resurrecting Alexander (2005) (as producer, director, cinematographer)
Perfect Is the Enemy of Good (2005) (as producer, director, cinematographer)
Nuremberg: A Vision Restored (2007) (as producer, director, cinematographer)
Singularity (2008) (as writer, producer, director)
Graystone (2011) (as writer, director)

References

Other websites

1984 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American movie producers
American Muslims
Movie directors from New York
Oswald is a children's animated television series co-produced by Nickelodeon and HIT Entertainment. It first aired on August 20, 2001, on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block in the United States. The show was created by Dan Yaccarino. It was also broadcast on Noggin and CBS (during the Nick Jr. on CBS block) in reruns. 26 episodes were produced.

The series was added to Paramount+ (at the time CBS All Access) in January 2021. 

Oswald on NickRewind Jr. and NickRewind in the United States The added to Paramount+ in July 2021.

Plot 
The series is set in Big City, a colorful world populated by anthropomorphic animals, mythological creatures and humanoid beings. Each episode follows the daily experiences of an anthropomorphic blue octopus named Oswald (voiced by Fred Savage), accompanied by his beloved pet hot dog Weenie, and their life in the cheerful and whimsically-designed community of Big City. Commonly, the program concentrates on Oswald's experiences with friends, acquaintances and neighbors, including Henry, a penguin, and Daisy, a flower, among others – and his patient methods of coping with or tolerating different situations and dilemmas, along with his thoroughly optimistic outlook on life.

References 

2001 American television series debuts
2003 American television series endings
2000s American television series
American children's television series
Nickelodeon television series
Television series about animals
Animals in fiction
English-language television programs
Jason and the Argonauts is a 1963 movie. It stars Todd Armstrong as Jason. The movie is about the quest for the Golden Fleece. It was directed by Don Chaffey. The special effects were the creation of stop-motion animation expert Ray Harryhausen. The movie is famous for its monsters and the battle with the skeletons.  Hercules is another movie on the Golden Fleece theme that was made about the same time. It stars legendary bodybuilder Steve Reeves. 

Peplum movies
1960s fantasy movies
1960s adventure movies
American fantasy movies
American adventure movies
1960s epic movies
Movies based on Greek and Roman mythology
1963 movies
Movies directed by Don Chaffey
Ulysses is a 1955 3-D Italian adventure movie. It is based on Homer's poem The Odyssey, and tells of Odysseus's attempts to return home to Ithaca after the Trojan War. Silvana Mangano plays two roles, as Penelope, the faithful wife of Ulysses and the sorceress, Circe. Kirk Douglas stars the Greek hero, Ulysses. Anthony Quinn plays Antinous.

Other websites 

1955 movies
Adventure movies
1950s epic movies
1950s fantasy movies
Italian movies
Italian-language movies
Movies based on Greek and Roman mythology
Peplum movies
Childhood is the period between birth and puberty.  Childhood ends when a human being begins puberty. The state or period of being a child is called childhood.  In many places, childhood ends at a fixed age of majority.  The child becomes an adult, sometimes with a rite of passage.  Another word for teenagers and adolescents is "youth".
For the Japanese era from 931 through 938, see Jōhei.

 was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) of the Southern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after Kōkoku and before Kentoku.  This period started in December 1346 and ended in July 1370.

The monarchs during this time were  and .  The Northern Court pretenders in Kyoto were ,  and .

Events of the Shōhei era 
 2 December 1348 (Shōhei 3, 11th day of the 11th month): Former-Emperor Hanazono died.
 1349 (Shōhei 4): Go-Murakami fled to A'no.
 1350 (Kannō 5): Yoshinori guarded Kyoto.
 1350–1352 (Shōhei 5–7): Armed conflict, variously known as the  or Kannō no Juran.
 1352 (Shōhei 7): Emperor Go-Murakami captured former-emperors Kōgon, Kōmyō and Sukō; and they were permitted to return to Kyoto in 1357 (Shōhei 12).
 1354 (Shōhei 9): Kitabatake Chikafusa dies.
 1358 (Shōhei 13): Death of Ashikaga Takauji; Ashikaga Yoshiakira was appointed as the new shogun.
 1361 (Shōhei 16): Snowfall was unusually heavy; and there was also a disastrous fire in Kyoto as well as a violent earthquake.
 1368 (Shōhei 23): Ashikaga Yoshimitsu became the third shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate.
 29 March 1368 (Shōhei 23, 11th day of the 3rd month): Go-Murakami died; and his oldest son received the succession.

Northern Court nengō
 Jōwa, 1345–1350
 Kannō, 1350–1352
 Bunna, 1352–1356
 Enbun, 1356–1361
 Kōan, 1361–1362
 Jōji, 1362–1368
 Ōan, 1368–1375

Related pages
 Muromachi period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
1346 establishments
1340s establishments in Japan
1370 disestablishments
1370s disestablishments in Japan
Hercules Against the Moon Men is a 1964 Italian/French movie. It was directed by Giacomo Gentilomo. It stars Alan Steel (real name Sergio Ciani). The movie blends (mixes) elements from Roman, Greek, Cretan and Egyptian mythologies. In the original Italian language version, the hero was not Hercules. The hero was Maciste. Maciste was a hero in Italian silent movies. Its original Italian title was Maciste e la regina di Samar (Maciste and the Queen of Samar). Its French title was Maciste contre les hommes de pierre (Maciste Against the Men of Stone). The English distributors dubbed the hero Hercules, because Maciste was not well known to American audiences.

Story 
A race of evil moon men land on Earth. For years, they have terrorized the city of Samar. They have made the people of Samar give them children to be sacrifices. Now, the queen of Samar has made an pact with the moon men to take control of the world. She wants to become the most powerful woman alive. The people of Samar do not like all the chaos. They cheer when the mighty Hercules shows up to end it all.

1960s science fiction movies
Peplum movies
Movies based on Greek and Roman mythology
1960s fantasy movies
1960s epic movies
Italian movies
French movies
1964 movies
Italian-language movies
Tenju (天授) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) of the Southern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after Bunchū and before Kōwa.  This period started in May 1375 and ended in February 1381.  The Southern Court monarch in Yoshino during this time was .  The Northern Court pretender in Kyoto was .

Events of the Tenju era 
 1375 (Tenju 1): Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu visits Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū.
 1377 (Tenju 3): Goryeo diplomatic envoy Jeong Mongju met with the  in Kyūshū, Imagawa Ryōshun. The diplomats discussed steps to control pirates (wakō).
 1378 (Tenju 4): Yoshimitsu moved into his new home in Muromachi; and the luxurious house and grounds are called Hana-no-Gosho
 26 July 1380 (Tenju 6, 24th day of the 6th month): Former pretender Kōmyō died at age 60.

Northern Court nengō
 Eiwa, 1375–1379
 Kōryaku, 1379–1381

Related pages
 Muromachi period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
1375 establishments
1370s establishments in Japan
1381 disestablishments
1380s disestablishments in Japan
was a  of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after Kemmu and before Kōei. The period started in August 1338 and ended in April 1342.  The pretender in Kyoto was .  Kōmyō's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time was .

Events of the Ryakuō era
 28 August 1338 (Ryakuō 1, 13th day of the 7th month): Ashikaga forces burned Daikaku-ji.<ref>Richie, Donald. (1995).  [https://books.google.com/books?id=spx_ZljTPn4C&pg=PA62&dq=daikakuji&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0BfWT-ThK42A6QG0qrmiAw&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=daikakuji&f=false  Daikaku-ji,"] The Temples of Kyoto, p. 62.</ref>
 19 September 1339 (Ryakuō 3, 16th day of the 8th month): Emperor Go-Daigo died.
 1340 (Ryakuō 3''): Sightings of a "broom star" (comet) are recorded.

Southern Court nengō
 Engen, 1336–1340
 Kōkoku, 1340–1346

Related pages
 Muromachi period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
1338 establishments
1330s establishments in Japan
1342 disestablishments
1340s disestablishments in Japan
This article is about the Japanese era name.  For the software company, see Koei.

 was a  of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after Ryakuō and before Jōwa. This period started in April 1342 and ended in October 1345.  The pretender in Kyoto was .  Kōmyō's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was .

Events of the Kōei era
 1342 (Kōei 1, 2nd month):  was removed from his position as Prime Minister (daijō daijin).
 1342 (Kōei 1, 12th month): The mother of Ashikaga Takauji died.
 1343 (Kōei 2, 4th month): Nijō Yoshimoto, the author of Masukagami, was made Minister of the Right (udaijin).
 1344 (Kōei 3, 1st month): Shogun Takauji offered prayers at Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū.

Southern Court nengō 
 Kakitsu, 1441–1444
 Bun'an, 1444–1449

Related pages
 Muromachi period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
1342 establishments
1340s establishments in Japan
1345 disestablishments
1340s disestablishments in Japan
Women's movies is a movie genre.  These movies are ones that moviemakers expect women to like. They are about women. They have themes that moviemakers think would interest women such as home, family life, being a mother, making sacrifices, and romance.  Women's movies are movies that were made for women by predominantly male screenwriters and directors whereas "women's cinema" is movies that have been made by women. Women's movies have been made for years and years, ever since the silent movie days. It took a while for the term "woman's movie" to be used though. These movies were called "melodramas" at first. They were very popular during World War II. Their production fell off in the 1960s. The term "woman's movie" went south in the 1960s even though such movies were still being made. George Cukor, Douglas Sirk, Max Ophüls, and Josef von Sternberg directed woman's movies.  Joan Crawford, Bette Davis, and Barbara Stanwyck made many woman's movies.  Mildred Pierce, Jezebel and Stella Dallas are examples of woman's movies.

References
The Wedding Singer is a 1998 American romantic comedy movie starring Adam Sandler and Drew Barrymore. It follows a wedding singer falling in love with a waitress in 1984.

References

1998 romance movies
1998 comedy movies
1990s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies about weddings
Movies set in the 1980s
New Line Cinema movies
Rafael Landry Tanubrata (born in Garut, West Java, Indonesia, November 16, 1986)  is an Indonesian pop and R&B singer-songwriter, hip hop dancer and actor. He is a member of the boy band SM*SH.

Biography 
Rafael Landry Tanubrata born in November 16, 1986 star sign in Scorpio. favorite song Daniel Bedingfield "If You're Not the One" (2002) and Mario "Let Me Love You" (2004).

TV series 
 "Cinta Cenat Cenut" (2011) as Rafael
 "Cinta Cenat Cenut 2" (2011) as Rafael
 "Cinta Cenat Cenut 3" (2012) as Rafael

Discography 
 Vokalis band (2003) (before joining SM*SH)
 SM*SH (2010) as a member SM*SH
 Step Forward (2012) as a member SM*SH

Solo singles 
 "Tiada Kata Berpisah (There is no word Split)" (2015)

Other websites 
 Sm*sh: Boyband Asli Indonesia 
 Official SM*SH Website 

1986 births
Living people
Pop musicians
R&B musicians
Indonesian singers
In Search of the Castaways is a 1962 Walt Disney Productions movie. It stars Hayley Mills, George Sanders, and Maurice Chevalier. The movie was directed by Robert Stevenson.  It was based on Jules Verne's 1868 adventure novel Captain Grant's Children. The movie was Mills's third of six movies for the Disney Studios. The movie was a box office hit.

The Sherman brothers (Robert B. and Richard M. Sherman) wrote the songs "Castaway", "Merci Beaucoup", "Let's Climb", and "Enjoy It". Movie critic Hal Erickson wrote, "[The movie] is a roller-coaster of a Disney film, making up in excitement what it lacks in credibility or coherence...the film was ideal Saturday-matinee fodder for the kiddie trade in 1963."

Cast 
 Hayley Mills as Mary Grant, Captain Grant's daughter
 Keith Hamshere as Robert Grant, Captain Grant's son 
 Jack Gwillim as Captain Grant, a castaway
 Maurice Chevalier as Jacques Paganel, friend to Mary and Robert
 Wilfrid Hyde-White as Lord Glenarvan
 Michael Anderson, Jr. as John Glenarvan, his son
 George Sanders as Thomas Ayerton
 Wilfrid Brambell as Bill Gaye, a castaway
 Antonio Cifariello as Thalcave, Indian Chief
 Inia Te Wiata as Maori Chief

Story 
Teenager Mary Grant, her brother Robert, and their friend Professor Paganel, persuade Lord Glenarvan to rescue shipwrecked Captain Grant. They sail halfway around the world on Lord Glenarvan's yacht. The friends survive an earthquake, a flood, a fire, an attack by a giant condor, and a volcanic eruption before rescuing Captain Grant from fierce Maoris.

A subplot involves a criminal named Thomas Ayerton, a former crew-member of Captain Grant's ship. He was responsible for Captain Grant's disappearance. Another subplot involves a romance between Mary and Lord Glenarvan's son John.

References 

American adventure movies
American musical movies
Disney movies
American fantasy movies
American family movies
Movies based on books by Jules Verne
1962 movies
English-language movies
Around the World in 80 Days (sometimes written as Around the World in Eighty Days) is a 1956 adventure movie. It stars David Niven, Cantinflas, and Shirley MacLaine. It was produced by the Michael Todd Company and released by United Artists. The movie was directed by Michael Anderson.  The screenplay was written by James Poe, John Farrow, and S. J. Perelman. It was based on the novel of the same name by Jules Verne. The music score was composed by Victor Young. The cinematography was by Lionel Lindon. The movie won many Academy Awards, including "Best Picture". Many well known actors made small appearances in the movie. These stars include Charles Boyer, Marlene Dietrich, and Frank Sinatra.

1950s American adventure movies
Movies based on books by Jules Verne
1956 movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Michael Anderson
Mysterious Island is a 1961 movie. It was released by Morningside Productions through Columbia Pictures. The movie was based on the book The Mysterious Island by Jules Verne. The movie was produced by Charles H. Schneer and Ray Harryhausen. It was directed by Cy Endfield. The movie was filmed at Shepperton Studios, Shepperton, England as a showcase for Harryhausen's stop-motion animation effects. The music was composed by Bernard Herrmann. The movie stars Michael Craig as Captain Harding; Joan Greenwood as Lady Mary Fairchild; and Herbert Lom as Captain Nemo.

Story 
Union soldiers escape in a hot air balloon from a Confederate prison camp during the American Civil War. They crash-land in the ocean. They are washed ashore on an unknown island where gigantic animals live. The animals are the result of experiments by Captain Nemo. He is an unknown benefactor to the castaways as they struggle to survive on the island. A volcano threatens to erupt. The stranded group escapes from the island on a pirate ship. The volcano destroys the island.  The animated "monsters" that the castaways encounter are a giant crab, a giant flightless bird, giant bees, and a giant cephalopod.

1960s science fiction movies
Adventure movies
Movies based on books by Jules Verne
1961 movies
1960s fantasy movies
British movies
English-language movies
Georges Méliès (8 December 1861 – 21 January 1938) was a French moviemaker. He led the way in the use of special effects, multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted colour in his work. His movies include Conquest of the Pole, A Trip to the Moon, and The Impossible Voyage. These movies involve strange, surreal voyages, like those in Jules Verne's books. These movies are among the most important early science fiction movies. Méliès's The Haunted Castle is an early horror movie.

Life and work 

Méliès was born in Paris, France in 1861. He liked drawing and playing with a puppet theater as a child. He went to the theater often as a young man. About 1888, Méliès bought the Théatre Robert-Houdin and worked there as a magician.  He became obsessed with moviemaking after seeing a movie by Antoine Lumière in 1895. In May 1896, he acquired his own movie camera and set up a movie studio. At the end of 1896, he formed a new company, Star Film.

Méliès began making movies that were three to nine minute long. He wrote, designed, filmed, and acted in nearly all of his movies. He liked putting magic tricks into his movies. While filming a street scene one day, the camera stopped briefly. When Méliès looked at the movie later, he noticed that at the moment of the break, the bus he had been filming suddenly disappeared and new vehicles replaced it. Making items appear and disappear by stopping and starting the camera would become one of his most commonly used movie tricks. 

In 1902, Méliès produced his first masterpiece, A Trip to the Moon.  It was inspired by several works of the time that speculated about life on the moon. H.G. Wells and Jules Verne wrote about space travel, for instance, and Offenbach composed an opera about a trip to the moon. Trip was a huge success in France. Méliès hoped to make a fortune showing it in the United States. Thomas Edison and other moviemakers made copies of Trip however, and made money on Méliès's work.

Gallery

References 
 Musser, Charles. History of the American Cinema: Volume 1, The Emergence of Cinema. Charles Scribner's Sons, Inc. 1990.

Other websites 

 Georges Méliès: A Brief Biography 
 Encyclopedia of World Biography: Georges Méliès

1861 births
1938 deaths
Movie directors from Paris
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
The Haunted Castle  is an 1896 three-minute-long French movie written, directed, and produced by Georges Méliès. The movie contains many traditional pantomime elements. It was meant to amuse people, not frighten them. It is considered to be the first horror and vampire movie. The Haunted Castle is now in the public domain. In English, this movie has been known as The Haunted Castle, The Devil's Castle, The Devil's Manor, The Manor of the Devil, and The House of the Devil. It was released on Christmas Eve, 1896, at the Theatre Robert Houdin, 8 boulevard des Italiens, Paris.

Story 
A large bat flies into a castle. The bat circles slowly while flapping its monstrous wings. Suddenly, it changes into Mephistopheles (Georges Méliès). After preparing a cauldron, the demon produces skeletons, ghosts, and witches from the bubbling contents of a cauldron.  One of those summoned from the underworld holds up a crucifix. Satan vanishes in a blast of smoke.

References

Other websites
 
 Free download at https://archive.org/details/LeManoirDuDiable-GeorgesMelies1986

1896
French horror movies
Horror movies
Movies directed by Georges Méliès
, also known as , is a Japanese video game publisher, developer, and distributor.

History
In 2009, Koei merged with a competitor, Tecmo.

The new company was named Tecmo Koei.

References

Japanese video game companies

pt:Koei Tecmo Holdings#Koei
Lorine Zineb Nora Talhaoui (born 16 October 1983 in Stockholm), better known by her stage name Loreen, is a Swedish pop singer and music producer. She has Moroccan-Berber ancestry. Loreen represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan. She sang "Euphoria". She was discovered in the Swedish casting show "Idol". After winning the Eurovision Song Contest 2012, her song was number one in the billboard charts in many countries.

References

1983 births
Living people
Musicians from Stockholm
Singers from Stockholm
Pop musicians
Pop singers
Eurovision Song Contest winners
Triodia is a large genus of grass endemic to Australia. They are often called spinifex, but they are not a part of the genus Spinifex, which is only found near the coast. There are 64 known species. Triodia is a perennial grass that grows in dry areas. They have spikey, pointed leaves, about 30-40 centimetres long.

The leaf tips can break off in people's skin, causing infections. Spinifex has been used by Australian Aborigines in many things. The seeds are collected for food. Spinifex resin is used as a glue in spear-making. The grasses were also burned to make smoke signals, to communicate with groups a long way away. Some species are used for building shelters. Others are used to make traps for catching fish.

Notes

References
Lazarides, M. (1997). "A revision of Triodia including Plectrachne (Poaceae, Eragrostideae, Triodiinae)." Australian Systematic Botany 10: 381-489.
Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 1992 onwards. The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references. Version: 28 November 2005

Other websites

Macquarie University's "Hummock Grasslands in Australia"

Poaceae
Plants of Australia
The 38th G8 summit was held at Camp David, Maryland in the United States on May 18-19, 2012.  The summit venue was moved from Chicago to rural Maryland in March 2012.

History
The Camp David summit of the Group of Eight (G8) was the 38th meeting in a series which began in 1976. 

Previous G8 summits have been hosted by the United States at San Juan, Puerto Rico (1976); Williamsburg, Virginia (1983); Houston, Texas, Denver, Colorado (1997) and Sea Island, Georgia.

The G8 and the summit are part of a consultation process.  The G8 is not an international organization. It is an informal group.

Participants
The participants were the "core members" of the group:

Invited leaders

A number of national leaders are traditionally invited to attend the summit.  They are asked to participate in some, but not all, G8 summit activities. The leaders of four African nations were invited by the US president:

  Yayi Boni, President 

  Meles Zenawi Prime Minister

  John Atta-Mills, President 

  Jakaya Kikwete, President 

The G8 leaders talked about making progress towards food security in Africa. 

Others were invited, including:

 African Development Bank, Donald Kaberuka, President 

 African Union  Yayi Boni, Chairperson

 Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), Strive Masiyiwa, Chairman

Schedule and Agenda

The summit is intended as a venue for resolving differences among the G8 members.

Traditionally, the host country of the G8 summit sets the agenda.

Discussions at the 38th G8 summit included some issues from previous summits.

The G8 discussions included a range of topics, including 
 Energy
 Afghanistan 
 Changes taking place across the Middle East and North Africa
 Climate change
 Food security
 Greece in the euro zone 
 Iran’s nuclear energy plans
 Nutrition

Protesters  and demonstrations

Planners anticipated protest groups and other activists.  

When the venue for the summit was changed from Chicago, a White House spokesman said security and the possibility of protests were not factors in the decision.  Some protest groups took credit for the change of venue.

Business opportunity
For some, the G8 summit was a profit-generating event; as for example, the G8 Summit magazines which have been published since 1998.  

Local businesses near Camp David are expecting more people in the area and profits because of the summit.

Related pages
 List of G8 summits

References

Other websites

 University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre
 US Dept. of State,  G8 Summit 2012;  Media Resources
 Tourism Council of Frederick County Maryland, Camp David summit 
 Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context 

38
2012 in the United States
2010s in Maryland
Western Christianity is a part of the Christian religion. Western Christianity talks about the religious traditions of Christians whose ancestors were from Western Europe.

Western Christianity includes people who are members of the Catholic Church, as well as people who are members of Protestant churches.  The Protestant churches were formed by people who were former members of the Catholic Church.  Many Protestant churches started during the Protestant Reformation in about 1600.  

As the Protestant leaders were former members of the Catholic Church, Protestants share many, but not all, religious beliefs and religious traditions with Catholics.  However, Western Christianity is different from Eastern Christianity, which has a different set of religious traditions, but many of the same religious beliefs.

Western denominations 

Western Christianity makes up about 90% of Christians worldwide. The Roman Catholic Church has over half of all Christians. The many Protestant and related denominations make up another 40%. Baptists, Lutherans, and Anglicans are some of the larger and older Western denominations which are not the Roman Catholic Church.

Related pages 

 Holy Roman Empire
 Lutheranism
 Protestant Reformation
 Western churches

Other websites 

Church organization
FIFA, also known as FIFA Football or FIFA Soccer, is a series of association football video games, released yearly by Electronic Arts. The most recent FIFA game released was "FIFA 22" released October 1st, 2021.

The FIFA video games franchise has versions in 10+ languages.  It is available in 50+ countries. The series has sold more than 100 million copies.

List
 FIFA International Soccer
 FIFA Soccer 95
 FIFA Soccer 96
 FIFA 97
 FIFA: Road to World Cup 98
 FIFA 99
 FIFA 2000 (PS2)
 FIFA 2001 PS2
 FIFA Football 2002 (PS2)
 FIFA Football 2003 (PS2)
 FIFA Football 2004 (PS2)
 FIFA Football 2005 (PS2)
 FIFA 06 (PS2)
 FIFA 07 (PS3)
 FIFA 08 (PS3)
 FIFA 09 (PS3)
 FIFA 10 (PS3)
 FIFA 11 (PS3)
 FIFA 12 (PS3)
 FIFA 13 (PS3)
 FIFA 14 (PS4) 
 FIFA 15 (Xbox One) (Feel the Game)
 FIFA 16 (Xbox One) (PS4)
 FIFA 17 (Xbox One) (PS4)
FIFA Mobile 17 (Android) (iOS)
FIFA 18 (Xbox One) (PS4) (Nintendo Switch)
FIFA Mobile 18 (Android) (iOS)
FIFA 19
FIFA 20
FIFA 21
FIFA 22

References

Other websites 
Official website
EA Sports Football 

FIFA
Sports video games
ABC Kids could mean:

 ABC Kids (US): A children's television service run by the American Broadcasting Company
 ABC Kids (Australia): Children's programming slot run by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, operated over ABC TV Plus.
A biosphere reserve is an ecosystem with plants and animals of unusual scientific and natural interest. It is a label given by the UNESCO to help protect the sites. The plan is to promote management, research and education in ecosystem conservation. This includes the 'sustainable use of natural resources'. If, for example, fish or trees are taken for human use, this is done in ways which least damage the ecosystem.

A biosphere reserve consists of three zones: 
i) Core zone: No human activity is permitted in this zone.
ii) Buffer zone: It surrounds the core area, where a limited access permits to local people for the gathering of resources.
iii) Free zones: It is the outermost zone, which is open to human settlements and resource gathering.

The program is run by UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Program. It has started a World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The MAB program has built up the World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1971. Biosphere reserves, exchange knowledge and experiences on new ideas for sustainable development. They are areas used to develop new ways of doing things, test these ways and share the results. The objective is to get a balanced relationship between mankind and nature. The biosphere is very important to humans.

References

UNESCO
Ecology