cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Saint-Dizier is a commune of France, and a subprefecture of the Haute-Marne department in the Grand Est region.

Geography
The city of Saint-Dizier is on the northern part of the Haute-Marne department in northeast France near the Meuse and the Marne departments.

It has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The commune of Saint-Dizier is surrounded by the communes Trois-Fontaines-l'Abbaye, Chancenay, Bettancourt-la-Ferrée, Ancerville (Meuse department), Chamouilley, Eurville-Bienville, Troisfontaines-la-Ville, Humbécourt, Laneuville-au-Pont, Moëslains, Valcourt, Hallignicourt and Villiers-en-Lieu.

Two rivers flow through the city: the Ornel and the Marne. The city is at about  from Lac du Der-Chantecoq, the largest man-made lake of Western Europe.

Climate
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Saint-Dizier is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb". The average amount of precipitation for the year is  and the average temperature for the year  is .

Population
The inhabitants of Saint-Dizier are known, in French, as Bragards (women: Bragardes) or Bragars (women: Bragares).

The city of Saint-Dizier has a population, in 2014, of 25,505; it is the commune of Haute-Marne with more people living in it, even more than Chaumont (22,560 inhabitants) that is the prefecture of the department. Its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Saint-Dizier

Saint-Dizier forms, with other five communes, the urban area of Saint-Dizier with a population of 32,086 inhabitants (2014) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Saint-Diziert, formed by 43 communes, with a population of 53,790 inhabitants (2014) and an area of .

Administration 
Saint-Dizier is a subprefecture of the Haute-Marne department, the capital of the arrondissement of Saint-Dizier and the administrative centre () of three cantons:
 Saint-Dizier-1 formed by 10 communes and part of Saint-Dizier, with 12,406 inhabitants (2014).
 Saint-Dizier-2 formed by a part of Saint-Dizier, with 11,674 inhabitants (2014).
 Saint-Dizier-3 formed by 2 communes and part of Saint-Dizier, with 11,798 inhabitants (2014).

It is part of the intercommunality Saint-Dizier, Der et Blaise ().

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Saint-Dizier
 Communes of the Haute-Marne department

References

Other websites

 Site officiel de la ville de Saint-Dizier 
 Office de Tourisme Saint-Dizier, Der & Blaise 

Communes in Haute-Marne
Subprefectures in France
Cheryl is a female given name. It is very common in English-speaking countries. It is an English version of the French name Cherie.

The name appeared in the early 20th century. It was most popular during the Cold War period. In North America, it was popular between the 1940s and 1980s. In the United Kingdom, it was popular from the 1950s to 1990s.

Famous people with the name Cheryl include Cheryl Ladd and Cheryl Hines.

Given names
Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society is a charitable organization in Azerbaijan. It is a member of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It was established on March 10, 1920. Its headquarters are in Baku. Their mission is "to serve vulnerable people by mobilizing the capacity of Azerbaijan Red Crescent and the power of humanity."

References

Other websites
Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society Official Website 
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Official Website  

Red Cross
Baku
Charities
1920 establishments in Azerbaijan
The Shoemaker crater in Western Australia (formerly known as Teague Ring) is an obvious impact crater, the remains of an ancient meteorite strike.

It is in dry central Western Australia, about  north-northeast of Wiluna. It is named after planetary geologist Eugene Shoemaker.

It was dated to 1630 million years ago. More recent dating by K–Ar methods give ages as young as 568 ± 20 mya. This age could also date the impact event or represent tectonic activity.

References 

Impact craters
Geography of Western Australia
Wisconsin in the American Civil War, being a northern state, fought for the Union. When the Civil War started, Wisconsin raised 91,379 soldiers for the Union Army. They were organized into 53 infantry regiments, 4 cavalry regiments, a company of Berdan's sharpshooters, 13 light artillery batteries and 1 unit of heavy artillery. Most of the Wisconsin troops served in the Western Theater. However, several regiments served in Eastern armies, including three regiments within the famed Iron Brigade. A total of 3,794 were killed in action or mortally wounded. Another 8,022 died of disease. About 400 were killed in accidents. The total casualties were 12,216 men. This was about 13.4 percent of total Wisconsin enlistments.

Soldiers
Approximately 1 in 9 residents (regardless of age, sex or qualification for service) served in the army. In turn, half the eligible voters served. Wisconsin was the only state to organize replacements for troops that had already been sent to war. This led northern generals to prefer having Wisconsin regiments in their command if possible.

A number of Wisconsin regiments were distinguished, including three that served in the celebrated "Iron Brigade"&mdash. These were the 2nd Wisconsin, 6th Wisconsin, and 7th Wisconsin. All were noted for their hard fighting and dashing appearance. They were among the only troops in the Army of the Potomac to wear Hardee hats and long frock coats. They suffered severely at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863. The 8th Wisconsin, another hard-fighting regiment, was often accompanied into battle by its mascot, Old Abe, a bald eagle.

In a January 1863 letter to his sister, Union soldier Chauncey Herbert Cooke, a private from Company G of the 25th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment, gave his reasons for fighting for the Union in the war, stating that "I have no heart in this war if the slaves cannot go free."

Women during the war
While men were fighting, many women needed to learn how to farm and do other manual labor. Besides having to tend to the home and children while the men were away at war, women also contributed supplies. Quilts and blankets were often given to soldiers. Other items women often sent included: shirts, sheets, pillows, pillowcases, coats, vests, trousers, towels, handkerchiefs, socks, bandages, canned fruits, dried fruits, butter, cheese, wine, eggs, pickles, books, and magazines. At one point, after the Battle of Resaca in Georgia, women sent every wounded man within a certain distance a fresh orange or lemon. These fruits were to quench the strong thirst that was known to accompany a wound.

Related pages 
 List of Wisconsin Civil War units

References

Other websites 
 Wisconsin in the Civil War
 Civil War changed Wisconsin 
 The Civil War Home Front

 
19th century in Wisconsin
John Howard Northrop (July 5, 1891 – May 27, 1987) was an American biochemist. He shared the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with James Batcheller Sumner and Wendell Meredith Stanley.

Northrop was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1949. He was employed by the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York City from 1916 until his retirement in 1961.  In 1949 he was appointed Professor of Bacteriology and later, Professor of Biophysics at the University of California, Berkeley.

References 

1891 births
1987 deaths
American biochemists
American Nobel Prize winners
Nobel Prize in Chemistry winners
Palisade cells are special cells in the leaves of plants. They are the main place where photosynthesis takes place. Their function is to absorb light so photosynthesis can take place. 

They have the largest number of chloroplasts per cell of any plant tissue, which makes them the main site of photosynthesis. In the leaves of plants, they convert the light to chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates. The cells are just below the epidermis and cuticle.

References 

Plant anatomy
Plant physiology
GN-z11 is a galaxy. It is the oldest known galaxy and farthest-known galaxy from Earth.

Related pages 
 Nature timeline

Galaxies
Guanacaste (Enterolobium cyclocarpum) also known as elephant-ear tree or devil's ear is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is native to tropical regions of the Americas. It is the national tree of Costa Rica.

Common names in some other languages are:
 , árbol de las orejas, parota
 , oreille d'éléphant
 

Enterolobium cyclocarpum, the scientific name of the guanacaste tree was given by August Grisebach to this plant in 1864.

Synonyms 
 Albizia longipes Britton & Killip
 Enterolobium cyclocarpa (Jacq.) Griseb.
 Feuilleea cyclocarpa (Jacq.) Kuntze
 Inga cyclocarpa' (Jacq.) Willd.
 Mimosa cyclocarpa Jacq.
 Mimosa parota Sesse & Moc.
 Pithecellobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Mart.
 Prosopis dubia Kunth
 Prosopis dubia'' Guill. & Perr.

Description

The guanacaste is a large tree, growing to  tall, with a trunk up to  in diameter. The bark is light gray. The crown (the upper part of tree) is broad and widely spreading. Leaves are  long, alternate and compound.

The guanacaste is evergreen, or briefly deciduous for 1–2 months during the dry season (without rains). Most leaves fall in December, at the start of the dry season. In late February, leaves start to appear and produce a fresh, thick crown by April.

Flowers are hermaphrodite; the pollination is by insects like bees.

The fruit is a legume (also known as a pod) with the shape of a human ear.

Where it grows
The guanacaste tree is native to tropical America. It grows from southern Mexico through Central America to northern South America. It is found also in the West Indies. It has been introduced in other tropical regions.

It grows normally at an elevation from sea level to , usually along the coast and rivers.

Uses
The wood is reddish-brown, lightweight and water-resistant; it is used to make objects like doors, windows, furniture, cabinets, and for shipbuilding. It is used also as firewood.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Enterolobium cyclocarpum in Encyclopedia of Life
 

Fabaceae
Trees
Rex Wayne Tillerson (born March 23, 1952) is an American businessman and the 69th United States Secretary of State. He served from February 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. He was the chairman and CEO of Exxon Mobil Corporation, the fifth largest company by market capitalization until his resignation in 2017.

In December 2016, President-elect of the United States Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Tillerson to be the Secretary of State. The United States Senate approved of his nomination on February 1, 2017 and shortly assumed the office. On March 13, 2018, Trump fired Tillerson and said he would nominate Mike Pompeo to succeed him as Secretary of State. Tillerson's term officially ended on March 31, 2018.

Early life
Tillerson was born on March 23, 1952, in Wichita Falls, Texas. Tillerson received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1975.

Business career
Tillerson joined Exxon in 1975, and by 1989 had become general manager of the Exxon USA central production division. In 1995 he became president of Exxon Yemen Inc. and Esso Exploration and Production Khorat Inc. In 2006, Tillerson was elected chairman and chief executive officer of Exxon, the world's 6th largest company by revenue. Tillerson retired from Exxon effective December 31, 2016, and was succeeded by Darren Woods. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He resigned his position from Exxon to pursue his nomination of United States Secretary of State.

United States Secretary of State
On the evening of December 10, the BBC cited NBC reports that "sources close to Mr Trump [were] ... saying that Mr Tillerson is likely to be named next week" and that former UN ambassador John Bolton "will serve as his deputy". On December 12, The New York Times reported that he had been chosen. On December 13, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced that Tillerson would be his nominee for Secretary of State.

On January 11, 2017, Tillerson's congressional confirmation hearing was held. Tillerson was approved by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on January 23, 2017, to be Secretary of State when it voted 11-10 to send his nomination to the full Senate. The Senate confirmed Tillerson as Secretary of State on February 1 2017.  The Senate voted 56 to 43, with all Republicans in support and 42 Democrats voting against him.

On March 13, 2018, Trump fired Tillerson as Secretary and nominated Director of the CIA Mike Pompeo of the position. His term ended on March 31, 2018.

Personal life
Tillerson is married to Renda St. Clair. They have four children. He resides in Irving, Texas.

References

Other websites

 
 Rolling Stone on “The Climate Killers: 17 polluters and deniers who are derailing efforts to curb the climate catastrophe.”
 

1952 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Texas
Politicians from Texas
United States Secretaries of State
US Republican Party politicians
21st-century American politicians
People from Irving, Texas
John Francis Kelly (born May 11, 1950) is a retired United States Marine Corps General. He was the 28th White House Chief of Staff from July 31, 2017 to January 2, 2019. Kelly was the 5th United States Secretary of Homeland Security, serving from January through July 2017.

He is the former Commander of United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM). Kelly last served as the commanding general of the Multi-National Force—West in Iraq from February 2008 to February 2009, and as the commander of Marine Forces Reserve and Marine Forces North in October 2009.

Early life
Kelly was born on May 11, 1950 in Boston, Massachusetts, into an Irish Catholic family.

He served for one year as a United States Merchant Marine. Kelly initially enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps in 1970, and was discharged from active duty as a sergeant in 1972.

Kelly received a Master of Science degree in National Security Studies from the Georgetown School of Foreign Service in 1984. He also studied at the University of Massachusetts, Boston.

United States Secretary of Homeland Security (2017)
On December 7, 2016, it was reported that then-President-elect Donald Trump nominated Kelly to be the fifth United States Secretary of Homeland Security.

On January 20, 2017, Kelly was confirmed as Secretary of Homeland Security by the United States Senate with a vote of 88-11. On that evening he was sworn in by Vice-President Pence.

White House Chief of Staff (2017–2019)
On July 28 2017, he was appointed to replace Reince Priebus as White House Chief of Staff.

Early into his tenure, media outlets such as The New York Times, The Washington Post and FiveThirtyEight speculated that Kelly would bring moderation and discipline to the White House. In August 2017, early into Kelly's tenure, the Washington Post wrote that Kelly had "left no discernible imprint on the White House's philosophy" and that it was unclear if he would bring calm and rigor to the White House.

On December 8, 2018, Trump announced that Kelly would be leaving the position by the end of the year. He left the office on January 2, 2019.

Personal life
Kelly is married to Karen Hernest. They have three children.

In 2010, Kelly’s 29-year-old son, First Lieutenant Robert Kelly, was killed in action when he stepped on a landmine while leading a platoon of Marines on a patrol in Sangin, Afghanistan. Robert Kelly's death made John Kelly the highest-ranking military officer to lose a son or daughter in Iraq or Afghanistan.

References

Other websites

1950 births
Living people
American military people
White House Chiefs of Staff
United States Secretaries of Homeland Security
Politicians from Boston, Massachusetts
Independent politicians in the United States
Linda Marie McMahon (née Edwards; born October 4, 1948) is an American professional wrestling magnate and politician. She is the 25th Administrator of the Small Business Administration serving from February 14, 2017 to April 12, 2019. McMahon was active with the WWE (WWF until 2002) from 1980 to 2009. She has been married to Vince McMahon since 1966.

Early life
McMahon was born Linda Marie Edwards in New Bern, North Carolina, the daughter of Evelyn and Henry Edwards. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree from East Carolina University.

WWE business career

McMahon was active with the WWE from 1980 to 2009. During this time, the company grew from a small regional business in the North East to a large multinational corporation.

As President and later CEO of the company, she created the company's civic programs, Get REAL and Smackdown Your Vote. She occasionally made on-screen appearances, most notably in a wrestling "feud" with her husband which climaxed at WrestleMania X-Seven. McMahon and her husband became wealthy through WWE's success, and the McMahon family name is now synonymous with the professional wrestling industry.

United States senate campaigns
In 2009, McMahon left the WWE to run as a Republican for a seat in the United States Senate from Connecticut, but lost to Democratic Party nominee Richard Blumenthal in the general election of 2010.

McMahon was the Republican nominee for Connecticut's other Senate seat in the 2012 race, but lost to Democratic Representative Chris Murphy.

Administrator of the Small Business Administration (2017 – 2019)
On December 7, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate McMahon to be the Administrator of the Small Business Administration when he takes office. McMahon was confirmed by the full Senate on February 14, 2017, with a vote of 81-19.

On March 29, 2019, it was officially made public by the Trump administration that McMahon would be stepping down as the Administrator of the Small Business Administration. The resignation took effect on April 12, 2019.
On April 15, 2019, McMahon was officially named Chairman of America First Action, a pro-Trump Super PAC.

Personal life
McMahon married Vince McMahon in 1966. Together they had two children: Shane and Stephanie. McMahon is a Roman Catholic.

References

Other websites

 Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org (2010)
 Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org (2012)
 
 
 East Carolina University Alumni Profile 

1948 births
Living people
Businesspeople from North Carolina
Businesspeople from Connecticut
Administrators of the Small Business Administration
Politicians from North Carolina
Politicians from Connecticut
US Republican Party politicians
The Hajibeyov Azerbaijan State Symphony Orchestra (Azeri: Hacıbəyov adına Azərbaycan Dövlət Simfonik Orkestri) was formed in 1920, at the request of composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov after whom it was later named. It was one of the first orchestras in the Soviet Union. It is part of the Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Society.

Composers such as Rhené-Baton and Otto Klemperer were invited from abroad to help in establishing and training the orchestra. From 1938 to 1984, Hajibeyov's nephew Niyazi was conducting the orchestra. After his death, the conducting has been performed by "People's Artist" of Azerbaijan, Professor Rauf Abdullayev. The orchestra has toured a number of countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Turkey, and Egypt.

Main conductors 
 Uzeyir Hajibeyov (1920–1938)
 Niyazi Hajibeyov (1938–1984)
 Rauf Abdullayev (1984– )

References

Orchestras
1920 establishments in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani culture
Diana Lynn  (July 5, 1926 – December 18, 1971) was an American actress of the stage, cinema and television.

Early years 
Lynn was born Dolores Marie Loehr on July 5, 1926, in Los Angeles, California. Her father, Louis Loehr, was an oil supply executive. Her mother, Martha Loehr, was a concert pianist. She was considered a child prodigy. She began taking piano lessons when she was 4 years old, and by the age of 12, she played with the Los Angeles Junior Symphony Orchestra.

Career 
In 1939, she made her movie debut playing the piano in They Shall Have Music. She played again, with Susanna Foster, in There's Magic in Music, when it was decided that she had more potential than she had been allowed to show. Later, Paramount Pictures changed her name to "Diana Lynn". They began casting her in movies that allowed her to show her personality and developed her skills as an actress.

As a solo pianist, she released at least one single on Capitol Records, accompanied by the Paul Weston orchestra.

In 1964, Lynn had a six-month stint on Broadway, replacing Barbara Bel Geddes in Mary, Mary. In the early 1950s, she starred with Maurice Evans in The Wild Duck on Broadway.

Death 
Before filming started on Play It as It Lays, Lynn suffered a stroke and died on December 18, 1971. She was 45.

Filmography 

They Shall Have Music (1939)
The Hard-Boiled Canary (1941)
The Major and the Minor (1942)
Henry Aldrich Gets Glamour (1942)
Henry Aldrich Plays Cupid (1944)
The Miracle of Morgan's Creek (1944)
Our Hearts Were Young and Gay (1944)
And the Angels Sing (1944)
Out of This World (1945)
The Bride Wore Boots (1946)
Our Hearts Were Growing Up (1946)
Easy Come, Easy Go (1947)
Ruthless (1948)
Texas, Brooklyn and Heaven (1948)
Every Girl Should Be Married (1948)
My Friend Irma (1949)
Paid in Full (1950)
Peggy (1950)
My Friend Irma Goes West (1950)
Rogues of Sherwood Forest (1950)
The People Against O'Hara (1951)
Bedtime for Bonzo (1951)
Meet Me at the Fair (1952)
Plunder of the Sun (1953)
Track of the Cat (1954)
The Kentuckian (1955)
The Blue and Gold|An Annapolis Story (1955)
You're Never Too Young (1955)
Company of Killers (1970)

Radio appearances

References 

Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from stroke
1926 births
1971 deaths
Jason Kander (born May 4, 1981) is an American lawyer and Democratic Party politician. He was elected Secretary of State of Missouri in 2012, serving from January 2013 through January 9, 2017. He served as a state representative before becoming secretary of state. He was an intelligence officer in the Army National Guard, achieving the rank of Captain.

Career 
He was the Democratic nominee for the United States Senate, losing the 2016 Senate election to Republican incumbent Roy Blunt.

On June 25, 2018, Kander announced that he will run for mayor of Kansas City in 2019 to replace term-limited incumbent Sly James. He dropped out on October 2, 2018, after revealing that he suffered from PTSD and depression.

References

1981 births
Living people
Politicians from Kansas
Politicians from Missouri
US Democratic Party politicians
State legislators of the United States
People from Overland Park, Kansas
John Neely Kennedy (born November 21, 1951) is an American politician. He is the United States Senator from Louisiana. Before becoming a senator, he was the State Treasurer of Louisiana. He is a member of the Republican Party. 

He served five terms as Treasurer of Louisiana. He took office in the United States Senate on January 3, 2017, after defeating Democratic candidate Foster Campbell in the Senate election runoff by over 21 percentage points.

References

1951 births
Living people
United States senators from Louisiana
Politicians from Mississippi
US Republican Party politicians
The Sun of May (el sol de mayo) is a national emblem of Argentina and Uruguay. It is a reference to the May revolution in Argentina, which led to that country's later independence from Spanish rule. In Uruguay it also refers to the May revolution. On 25 May 1810, the sun came out in Buenos Aires during a public gathering. This was seen as a good omen for the future success of the independence struggle.

References 

National symbols
Alan Willis Thicke (born Alan Willis Jeffery; March 1, 1947 – December 13, 2016) was a Canadian actor, songwriter, and game and talk show host. He was known for his role as Jason Seaver, the father on the ABC television series Growing Pains. 

He was the father of singer Robin Thicke.

Thicke died at his home in Burbank, California on December 13, 2016 from a sudden Aortic dissection, aged 69.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Alan Thicke in NNDB
 Alan Thicke in biography.com

1947 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Ontario
Canadian movie actors
Canadian songwriters
Canadian television actors
Canadian television presenters
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles County, California
Deaths from aortic dissection
Writers from Ontario
The Jewish Diaspora was a time formally described as" the scattering of the Jews." A time after the Babylonian captivity when Jews settled in different places, eventually settling together.

Jewish history
Frederick Wiseman (born January 1, 1930) is an American filmmaker, documentarian, and theatrical director.

In 2016, he was a recipient of an Academy Honorary Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

References

Other websites

Frederick Wiseman Bibliography (via UC Berkeley)
Zipporah Films Official distributor of Wiseman's work
Frederick Wiseman on Reality and film  – Statement at La clé des langues
A Discussion with Frederick Wiseman and Robert Kramer – Documentary Box
Interview with Frederick Wiseman for Slant Magazine by Budd Wilkins
Interview with Wiseman at Not Coming to a Theater Near You
Frederick Wiseman receives an Honorary Oscar Award at the 2016 Governors Awards

1930 births
Living people
American movie directors
American historians
Writers from Boston, Massachusetts
Anne Voase Coates (12 December 1925 – 8 May 2018) was a British movie editor with a more than 60-year-long career. She was best known as the editor of David Lean's epic movie Lawrence of Arabia in 1962.

Personal life
Coates was born in Surrey, England. She studied at Bartrum Gables College. Coates worked as a nurse in East Grinstead. She was married to Douglas Hickox until his death in 1988. Together, they had two sons and one daughter.

Awards
Coates has been nominated five times for the Academy Award for Film Editing for the movies Lawrence of Arabia, Becket (1963), The Elephant Man (1980), In the Line of Fire (1993), and Out of Sight (1998). She was awarded BAFTA's highest honour, a BAFTA Fellowship, in February 2007 and was given an Academy Honorary Award, which are popularly known as a Lifetime Achievement Oscar, in November 2016 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

Death
Coates died on 8 May 2018, at a retirement center in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites
  Anne V. Coates credits – AMCTV.com Biography
 

Academy Award winners
BAFTA Award winners
1925 births
2018 deaths
British movie editors
People from Surrey
Lester Lionel Wolff (January 4, 1919 – May 11, 2021) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York. He served as a representative from 1973 through 1981.

He was president of the International Trade and Development Agency. In 2014, Wolff received the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award in the United States.

Wolff was also the chair of the Touro College Pacific Community Institute, the author of numerous books on foreign policy, and the host of weekly PBS show Ask Congress.

Wolff died on May 11, 2021 at a hospital in Syosset, New York at the age of 102.

References

Notes
 

1919 births
2021 deaths
American centenarians
Jewish American politicians
Politicians from New York City
United States representatives from New York
US Democratic Party politicians
Fisher-Price is an American company. It produces toys for children. Since 1992, the company has been owned by Mattel.

The company was founded in 1930.

The company has produced toys including Barney & Friends related products, Dora the Explorer products and some Disney, Muppets and Sesame Street products.

Companies based in New York
1930 establishments in the United States
Toy companies
Caaguazú () is a department in Paraguay. The capital is the city of Coronel Oviedo. Its ISO 3166-2 code  is PY-05.

History
In 1712, Gregorio Bazán de Pedraza founded the town of Villa de San Isidro Labrador de Curuguaty, followed by Ybytimí in 1715, San Joaquín in 1746, and Carayaó in 1770.

The department was created in 1906 with the name of Yhú; the town of Yhú was named as the capital of the department. Other towns were Ajos (present day Coronel Oviedo), Carayaó, San Joaquín and Caaguazú. Upon territorial reorganization in 1945, it was given the name of Caaguazú.

Its present limits were defined in 1973.

Geography
The Caaguazú department is in middle of the Oriental region. It has an area of ,  of the area of Paraguay. Its estimated population in 2013 is 484,177 for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

The Caaguazú mountain range crosses the department from the north to the south. The main river in the department, and of Paraguay, is the Paraguay.

Limits
 To the north: San Pedro and Canindeyú departments.
 To the east: Alto Paraná department.
 To the south: Guairá and Caazapá departments.
 To the west: Cordillera and Paraguarí departments.

Climate
, the total amount of precipitation for the year 2012 in the city of Coronel Oviedo was . The month with the most precipitation was April with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation was August with .

The average temperature for the year 2012 in Coronel Oviedo was . The warmest month, on average, was December with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

Districts
The department is divided in 22 districts:

Related pages
 Departments of Paraguay
 ISO 3166-2:PY

References

Other websites

 Portal de Caaguazú 
 Statoids - Departments of Paraguay

Departments of Paraguay
Ulisseia ou Lisboa Edificada is an epic poem by Portuguese poet Gabriel Pereira de Castro. It was published by author's brother Luís Pereira de Castro in 1636. The poem is written in ottava rima (oitava rima in Portuguese). The stanza is rhymed abababcc. The poem is about discovery of Portugal by Ulysses.

As Armas e o varão que os mal seguros
Campos cortou do Egeu e do Oceano,
Que por perigos e trabalhos duros
Eternizou seu nome soberano:
A grã Lisboa e seus primeiros muros
(De Europa e largo Império Lusitano
Alta cabeça), se eu pudesse tanto,
À Pátria, ao mundo, à Eternidade canto.

References

Bibliografia 
  Ulysséa ou Lisboa Edificada. Poema Heroico de Gabriel Pereira de Castro, Lisboa 1827.

Other websites 
 Gabriel Pereira de Castro, Ulisseia ou Lisboa Edificada at Projecto Vercial.

Epic poems
Kevin Shinick (19 March, 1969, Merrick, New York) is a voice actor, screenwriter and producer. He won an Emmy Award in 2010 for Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program for Robot Chicken. Shenick is the creator, voice actor and producer of the comedy series Mad (TV series). He was also a writer for Robot Chicken.

References 

Actors from New York
American voice actors
American television producers
American television writers
1969 births
Living people
Sir Simon William "Bill" English (born 30 December 1961) is a New Zealand politician. He was the 39th Prime Minister of New Zealand  from 2016 to 2017 and the leader of the National Party. He was previously Deputy Prime Minister from 2008 to 2016.

At the 2017 general election, National won the largest share of the party vote (44.4%) and the largest number of seats (56) in the House Representatives.

However, National lacked enough seats to govern alone due to two of the party's support partners, the Māori Party and United Future, losing their parliamentary seats. In response, English announced that the party would be entering into talks to form a coalition with New Zealand First. However, on 19 October 2017, Jacinda Ardern became the next Prime Minister after Winston Peters announced he would enter a coalition government with Labour.

References

Other websites

 Bill English MP official site
 Profile at National party
 Profile  on Parliamentary website

1961 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of New Zealand
Deputy Prime Ministers of New Zealand
Leaders of the Opposition (New Zealand)
Big data is a term used for certain database systems. It is used for a number of technologies which help to organize, gather and analyse data. 

At least some of the following characteristics apply:
 There are huge amounts of data

 The data changes very often

 It is difficult to structure the data so that it can be used easily

Use 
Big data is used to analyse different subjects. Through the analysis, new information can be gained. Bigger amounts of data make it easier to find reliable information. It is used in many different areas, such as government, health care, insurance, media, advertisement and information technology.

Origin 
The data is gathered among other things through:

 Surveillance
 the use of credit cards
 Electronic Communication (for example E-mail and smartphones)
 Internet and social media (for example from using Google search or when visiting Facebook)
 Internet of things (objects that can connect to the internet, for example Amazon Alexa)
 governments and public authorities (for example tax data, census data)

Critique 
Big data has been criticised for different reasons. One prominent criticism is the increasing surveillance to gather data, which takes place in many new forms. Edward Snowden has revealed how the American National Security Agency (NSA) uses digital technology to spy on people around the world. Another prominent criticisms is data privacy, which is about the risk of sensitive personal data leaking because it is not protected well enough.

A more fundamental critique of big data is just because it is bigger, it is not automatically better. The quality of the data still has to be controlled. It also says that data analysis can only ask "what" is happening, but not "why" it is happening.

Databases
Statistics
Privacy
Tirunallar Dharbaranyeswarar Temple or Dharbaranyeswarar Temple is a famous Hindu temple that is dedicated to Lord Shani or Lord Saturn. It is located in Thirunallar of Karaikal district in Puducherry Union territory, India. The another name of this temple is Dharbaranyeshwarar Temple.The main deity of the temple is Lord Shiva (Lord Dharbaranyeshwarar).

The temple and its significance
The main deity Lord Shiva is said to be made with the "dharbha grass", from which the temple got its name of Dharbaranyeshwarar Temple. The temple also centers Lord Saniswaran or Lord Saturn as one of the main god. The shrine of Thirunallar is famous for this lord. According to Hinduism, Lord Saniswaran resides in each rasi or zodiac sign for about two and half years.The temple is revered by hymns of the Shaiva poets like Appar, Sundarar and Sambandar. Therefore it is classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam or The shrine which was revered by hymns of the poets.

Reference

Hindu temples
Temples in India
Nellore is a city in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located in the banks of Penna River. It is the fourth most populous city in Andhra Pradesh. The city is well known for agriculture and aquaculture.It is the headquarters of the Nellore district. The total population of the city is 600,869.Density is 4000/km2.

The name is said to be taken from Purana that depicts, a linga under the Nelli tree(Amla or Indian gooseberry). From then the place is called as Nelli-ooru then the name emerged as Nellore. It is said that the city existed since the Mauryan dynasty.

The main economy of the city is based on agriculture and aquaculture. The main productive is Shrimp culturing.The Nellore city is located near the coastal region of Bay of Bengal.

Reference

Settlements in Andhra Pradesh
Cities in India
A protologism is a brand new word. Most people don't know about the word after its creation. Only a tiny group of people have ever used the word. Sometimes the coiner is the only person who has ever used the word. Sometimes people create protologisms because of a gap in the language.

References

Relating pages
Neologism

Language
Riederalp is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 November 2003 the former municipalities of Goppisberg, Greich and Ried-Mörel merged into the new municipality of Riederalp.

References

Other websites

 Official webpage 

Municipalities of Valais
Steg is a former municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Steg and Hohtenn merged into the new municipality of Steg-Hohtenn.

Other websites
 Official Website  
 

Former municipalities of Valais
Tirupati is a city in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh state in India. It is a municipal corporation and headquarters of Tirupati revenue division and Tirupati mandal (taluk). As of the census of 2011, Tirupati is the 9th most populous city in Andhra Pradesh with the total population of 287,482. Population of the urban agglomeration of Tirupati is 459,985.

Tirupati has one of the most visited tourist attraction as well as religious shrine and the second richest temple in the world, the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple. This temple is one of the holiest Hindu pilgrimage sites. Because of this temple, Tirupati is considered as "the Spiritual  capital of Andhra Pradesh".

Tirupati is mainly world renowned for the holy temple as well as its prasadham, the Tirupati Laddu. The Tirupati Laddu is a famous naivedhyam or prasadham offered to devotees in the Tirumala Venkateshwara Temple.The other attractions here are the Padmavathi Temple, Govindaraja Temple, Kapileshwara Temple, Kapila Theertham, and Sri Kodhandaramaswami Temple.The second largest zoo park in Asia is the Venkateshwara Zoological Park, which is located in Tirupati.

References

Settlements in Andhra Pradesh
Cities in India
Chittoor is a city and district headquarters of the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of the Chittoor mandal and Chittoor revenue division. Telugu is the widely spoken language in this region. The total population of Chittoor city was 353,766 as of the 2011 Census of India.

The total area of the city is .

The main attraction in this city is the Chandragiri Fort.

Nara Chandrababu Naidu was born in Chittoor. He is the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and the leader of the Telugu Desam Party.

Reference

Settlements in Andhra Pradesh
Cities in India
Ajmer is a city in Rajasthan, India. Ajmer is the headquarters of the Ajmer district. The city was established as "Ajayameru" by a Chahamana ruler, either Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja II, and served as their capital until the 12th century CE. 

Ajmer is surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains. Ajmer had been a municipality since 1869. Ajmer has been selected as one of the heritage cities for the HRIDAY and Smart City Mission schemes of the Government of India.

Tourism 

The main tourist places here are the Ajmer Sharif, Taragarh Fort, Soniji Ki Nasiyan, Nareli Jain Temple and many attracts tourists. The Pushkar Lake is located 11km away from Ajmer.

References

Settlements in Rajasthan
Cities in India
The Karaikal Ammaiyar Temple is the Hindu temple in Karaikal of Pondicherry Union territory, India. It is dedicated to goddess Karaikal Ammaiyar, one of the 63 nayanmars of Shaiva. She is one of the renowned goddess in Karaikal.The earliest findings of Carnatic Music poetry were told to be sung by Karaikal Ammaiyar in praise of Lord Shiva in Thiruvalangadu, a village.

History
The temple of Karaikal Ammaiyar was constructed by Malaiperumal Pillai in the year 1929. Malaiperumal Pillai was born in Karaikal in the year 1890 and dead in 1937.The Ammaiyar temple has the sanctums for goddess Karaikal Ammaiyar, Lord Somanathar (Lord Shiva) & Lord Vinayaka.

Important festivals
The mangani (Mango) festival celebrated is the most famous festival in Karaikal.On the month of Aani(June-July), this festival is celebrated every year. This was since Lord Shiva in procession as Bikshatadanamurthi came to the world begging. In Karaikal, Ammaiyar gave him a mango and curd rice. The festival is considered spiritual because it is said that the women participating in the festival and eating the mango thrown, will be given the boon of child.

References

Hindu temples
Temples in India
Karaikal District
1929 establishments
1920s establishments in India
Kadapa is a city in Rayalseema region of Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of the Kadapa district.The city is said to be nicknamed "Gadapa" (threshold), as it is the gateway to the sacred Tirumala hills from the west. The city is surrounded by Nallamala and Palakonda hills.The city is known for its spicy and culinary food.

Kadapa is one of the fastest growing cities in Andhra Pradesh. As of the 2011 Census of India, the city had a population of 344,078. The literacy rate of the city is 79.34%. Telugu is the widely spoken language in Kadapa. English, Hindi and Urdu are the other languages that are spoken in Kadapa.

For transportation, Kadapa has its own airport and railway stations. Kadapa Airport is a domestic airport. The Mumbai-Chennai line, one of the busiest railway line passes through Kadapa Railway station .

Reference

Cities in India
Settlements in Andhra Pradesh
Vadodara is the third largest city in Gujarat, India. It used to be called Baroda. It is the administrative capital or headquarters of Vadodara district in Gujarat. The city is on the banks of Vishwamitri River. The city is famous for Lakshmi Vilas Palace, an excellent architectural palace. It is also the place for the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (Vadodara), the largest university in the state.

The city is an important place of industrial, educational and cultural centre in India. Vadodara has its own airport. The Vadodara Airport has good connectivity with Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and other main airports. An international terminal was built and was inaugurated by PM Narendra Modi in 2016. Vadodara Railway Station is one of the busiest railway station in Gujarat. It deals with about 150 trains daily.

As of the 2011 census, Vadodara had a population of 1,670,806 and the metropolitan area had a population of 2,065,771. Gujarati, Urdu, Marathi and Hindi are the widely spoken languages in Vadodara. Vadodara has the oldest cricket ground in Asia, the Moti Baug Stadium. Vadodara is the birthplace of cricketers like Yusuf Pathan, Irfan Pathan, Nayan Mongia, Deepak Hooda, Hardik Pandya, Krunal Pandya, Ambati Rayudu and Kiran More.

Reference

Settlements in Gujarat
Cities in India
Amaravati, Vijayawada is the second largest city in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is on the banks of Krishna River. Vijayawada is a municipal corporation and headquarters of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority and Vijayawada mandal. It is also known as the business capital of Andhra Pradesh. This is because it is one of the major trading and business center of the state.

Vijayawada is the second largest city after the Visakhapatnam port city, in Andhra Pradesh. The city is recognised as the Global City of the Future by McKinsey Quarterly. According to the 2011 census the total population of the city is 1,034,358. The urban area population is 1,476,931. The literacy rate of the city is 82.59%.

Vijayawada Railway station is an important junction in the south central railway zone. Vijayawada Airport is well connected with nearby cities such as Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Tirupati and Kadapa.

Reference

Cities in India
Vellore is an important city in Tamil Nadu, India. It is the headquarters of Vellore district.It is located on the banks of Palar River.The area of Vellore covers about 87km2.The total population of Vellore city is 423,425 as per 2001 census.Vellore is the base place where two of India's top 10 educational institutions located.They are:Christian Medical College Hospital and VIT University.

Vellore region is the top exporter of finished leather goods in the country. Vellore leather accounts for more than 37% of the country's export of leather and leather-related products. 

Vellore Fort, Science Park, Vainu Bappu Observatory, Amirthi Zoological Park, Religious places such as Jalakandeswarar Temple, Srilakshmi Golden Temple, Big Mosque and St. John's Church and Yelagiri Hill station are the  top tourist attractions in and around Vellore.

Reference

Cities in Tamil Nadu
Vellore district
Warangal is a city in Telangana, India. It is the headquarters of Warangal district in Telengana. Warangal is the second largest city after Hyderabad by both area as well as population. 811,844 people live in Warangal.

Warangal is one of 12 heritage cities in the country chosen for Scheme HRIDAY – Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana by Government of India. It is also selected as a smart city in the "fast-track competition", so it may get additional investment to improve the urban infrastructure and industrial opportunities under Smart Cities Mission.

Warangal was the capital of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1195 CE until that ruling family was defeated by the Delhi Sultanate in 1323. The city was then renamed as Sultanpur. After the Telangana movement, Telangana state was formed on 2 June 2014, Warangal became part of Telangana State. Bhadrakali Lake and Waddepally Lake are the two famous lakes are the major sources of drinking water.

References

Cities in India
James Gillray (13 August 1756 or 1757 – 1 June 1815) was a British caricaturist and printmaker. He was famous for his cartoons. They were etched political and social satires, mainly published between 1792 and 1810.

Gillray has been called "the father of the political cartoon". He satirized George III, prime ministers and generals. He was one of the two most influential cartoonists of that time: the other was William Hogarth. Gillray's wit and humour, knowledge of life, and fine drawing, gave him the first place among caricaturists.

The name of Gillray's publisher and print seller was Miss Hannah Humphrey. Her shop is always associated with the caricaturist. Gillray lived with Miss (often called Mrs) Humphrey for the entire period of his fame.

Although he satirized George III as "Farmer George", his main target was the 
gluttonous Prince of Wales (later George IV). Napoleon was another favourite target. Gillray was especially hard on the rich, the famous and the most powerful people.

References 

Cartoonists
A debutante is a young woman who is first introduced into society. In former times, these young ladies would be part of nobility, or the upper class. Originally, the term meant the young person was now old enough to be married. The purpose of the coming out was to display her to eligible bachelors and their families. The term comes from French, and can be translated as "beginner". 

In those days, a young lady of quality could not meet anyone unless they were introduced to her. This introduction could happen at an event (such as a ball) which was part of the 'season'. In the United Kingdom there was a formal presentation of the debutants to the monarch at the Royal Court (abolished by the present Queen Elizabeth II in 1957). According to the peerage guide Debrett's, the traditional social season runs from April to August. The dress code for debutantes is traditionally a pure white ball gown and white evening gloves.

References 

Social groups