cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
John, Paul, George, Ringo … and Bert is a 1974 musical by Willy Russell based on the story of the Beatles.

The first show was at the Everyman Theatre in Liverpool in May 1974. It ran for eight weeks. In August 1974 it moved to the Lyric Theatre in London. It ran for a year. It was named "Best Musical of 1974" by the Evening Standard Theatre Awards and London Critics' awards. It featured the music of the Beatles performed by Barbara Dickson.

It also ran in Ireland in 1977 and in the United States in 1985.

Creative team
Directed by Alan Dossor
Design : Graham Barkmerth
Lighting : Mick Hughes
Sound : David Collison
Movement Consultant : Rufus Collings

Original London Cast
Bert : George Costigan
John Lennon : Bernard Hill
Paul McCartney : Trevor Eve
George Harrison : Philip Joseph
Ringo Starr : Anthony Sher
Brian Epstein, First Beatles Manager : Robin Hooper
Porter - Hitler - party guest - phone man... : Nick Stringer
Teddy Boy Barry Woolgar
Teddy Boy Dick Haydon
Teddy Boy Ian Jentle
Tiny Tina : Luan Peters
Titular 1 : Linda Beckett
Titular 2 : Elizabeth Estensen
Titular 3 - TV reporter : Valerie Lilley
Singer and pianist : Barbara Dickson
Musicians : Robert Ash, Terry Canning

Album
An Original Cast Recording album was released from RSO Records.

Side One
"I Should Have Known Better" (Barbara Dickson)
"Your Mother Should Know" (Barbara Dickson)
"Ooee Boppa" (Tiny Tina & The Titular 3)
"With a Little Help from My Friends" (Barbara Dickson)
"Penny Lane" (Barbara Dickson)
"In the Bleak Midwinter" (Barbara Dickson)
"Here Comes The Sun" (Barbara Dickson)
"Long and Winding Road" (Barbara Dickson)

Side Two
"Clap and Cheer" (The Cast)
"Help" (Barbara Dickson)
"Lucy in the Sky" (Barbara Dickson)
"You Never Give Me Your Money"/"Carry That Weight" (Barbara Dickson)
"We Can Work It Out" (Barbara Dickson)
"I Will Be Your Love" (Leroy Lover - Bert)
"A Day in the Life" (Barbara Dickson)

Credits
Produced by Ian Samwell
Keyboards and Vocals : Barbara Dickson
Fender Bass : Pete Zorn
Drums and Percussion : Dave Mattacks (Courtesy of Island Records)
Guitar : Kevin Peek
Additional Vocals : Gerry Rafferty and Joe Egan (Courtesy of A & M Records)
Horns and Woodwinds arranged by Jimmy Horowitz and Ian Samwell 
Engineer : Dennis Weinreich

Reaction
George Harrison stated that he saw the play with Derek Taylor. He disliked it. He walked out while of the London premiere and withdrew his permission to use his song "Here Comes the Sun". It was replaced with "Good Day Sunshine".

After part of the play was shown on BBC television, Paul McCartney criticised it for being biased against him and in favour of Lennon. He objected to the suggestion that it was McCartney and not Lennon who was responsible for the break-up of the Beatles. McCartney blocked a proposed film version of the musical.

References

Other websites
Willy Russell site
Discogs

Plays by Willy Russell
Jorge Carlos Vergara Madrigal () (3 March 1955 – 15 November 2019) was a Mexican businessman and movie producer. He was born in Guadalajara. He was the founder of the company Grupo Omnilife. He owned the football club C.D. Guadalajara. Vergara was also owner of Costa Rican football team Saprissa.

Vergara produced movies such as The Assassination of Richard Nixon and the Oscar-nominated Y Tu Mamá También through the production company, Producciones Anhelo.

Vergara died on 15 November 2019 in New York City of a heart attack at the age of 64.

References

1955 births
2019 deaths
Mexican businesspeople
Mexican movie producers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York City
Sisterhood is a comedy feature film shot in London and Governors Bay, Christchurch, New Zealand. It was first shown in London's West End on 23 October 2008. It was shown in the first the Feel Good Film Festival in Los Angeles between 22–24 August 2008.

The word film is an alternative word for the american term movie.

It starred Al Hunter Ashton in his last film role.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 

British movies
English-language movies
2008 movies
Jubaland is the southern-most state in Somalia. It lies between Koofur Orsi and the Somali Sea. Before 1925, Jubaland was called British Jubaland. At that time, British Jubaland was controlled by the British empire. Afterwards it was given away to Italy for 15 years. In the 21st century Jubaland was again created. The men who created Jubaland were Barre Adan Hiraale, Cabdicasiis Aganje Garamgaram, Abdulahi Faratag, Mohamed Gandhi and Maxamed Boodhe. A person from Jubaland is called a Jubalander. Some Jubalander politicians was to secede (separate) from Somalia. Puntland and Jubaland have been described as Darod states. The 21st century federal states are modeled after the colonial era regions. For example Jubaland after Trans-juba, Koofur-orsi after Geledi, Hirshabelle after Benadir Company, Galmudug after Hobyo state, Puntland after Majeerteenia, and Khatumo or Maakhir, i.e. SSC State after Darawiish.

Related pages
Puntland

References

Somalia
Urdish (or Urglish), a portmanteau of Urdu and English, is the macaronic hybrid use of English and Urdu in Pakistan, involving code-switching between these languages where they are freely interchanged within a sentence or between sentences. The term Urdlish is first recorded in 1989. Other less common colloquial portmanteau words for Urdish include (chronologically): Urglish (recorded from 1995), Urdlish (1997) and Urduish (1998).

Many bilingual or multi-lingual Urdu speakers, being familiar with both Urdu and English, display code-switching in certain localities and between certain social groups.

On 14 August 2015, the Government of Pakistan launched the Ilm Pakistan movement, with a uniform curriculum in Urdish. Ahsan Iqbal, Federal Minister of Pakistan, said, "Now the government is working on a new curriculum to provide a new medium to the students which will be the combination of both Urdu and English and will name it Urdish."

References

Languages of Pakistan
Walton County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, 83,768 people lived there. The county seat is Monroe. It is part of the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

1818 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
The Ballon d'Or (French pronunciation: [balɔ̃ dɔʁ]; "Golden Ball") is an annual football award presented by France Football. From 2010-15, it was presented by FIFA. Now FIFA has its own annual award called the Best FIFA Men's Player. From when it began until 2007, only European players were eligible to win the award. From 2007 onwards, any professional player worldwide can win.

Association football
Awards
FIFA
Ballon D'Or
User experience is a term that is used for all impressions and feelings a user has when interacting with a product or service. It is often used in the context of graphical user interfaces, and the questions relating to their design.  User experience commonly has different aspects:
The visual design of the user interface.
Information architecture - the way information is organised
User interaction design - how does the user interact with the system
Usability - helping the user to do what he wants to do
The following elements are analyzed in the user experience analysis: 

 Bounce rate-  The percentage of users who leave the product or service
 Dwell time -Time spent in the product or service
 Feedback- Individual opinions about the product or service
 Returning customers- Customer behavior research to determine if they return to product or service again

References
This is a discography of works by Jimmy Nail. Since 1985, the British musician has released seven studio albums, twenty three singles and other works. This article also covers his work with the musician Mark Knopfler.

Albums

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Soundtrack albums

Singles

Notes
'*^ "Ain't No Doubt" didn't chart on the Finnish Singles Chart, but it charted instead on the Finnish Airplay Chart.
</div>

Featured artist

Videos

References
The Iron Giant is an 1999 science fiction action fantasy mecha animated film produced by Warner Bros..

Cast 

 Vin Diesel as The Iron Giant
 Eli Marienthal as Hogarth Hughes
 M. Emmet Walsh as Earl Stutz
 Christopher McDonald as Kent Mansley
 John Mahoney as General Rogard
 James Gammon as Marv Loach/Floyd Turbeaux
 Harry Connick, Jr. as Dean McCoppin
 Jennifer Aniston as Annie Hughes
 Cloris Leachman as Miss Tensedge
 Frank Thomas as himself
 Ollie Johnston as himself
 Jack Angel, Bob Bergen, Rodger Bumpass, Robert Clotworthy, Jim Cummings, Paul Eiding, Bill Farmer, Pat Fry, Rick Miller, Patrick Pinney, Phil Proctor, Brian Tochi and Hans Zimmer as Soldiers
 Marcel Jeannin as Councilman
 Hans Zimmer as Helmsman
 Jim Cummings as Boat Captain
 Patrick Pinney as Fisherman
 Carole Jeghers as Maine woman #3 and squirrel
 Stephen Ouimette as Soldier
 David L. Lander as Hunter

Segments
 The giant robots are both segment films such as The Luke Movie and Logan and Luke.

1999 science fiction movies
1990s action movies
1999 animated movies
American science fiction movies
American action movies
American animated movies
Movies directed by Brad Bird
Movies set in the 1950s
Warner Bros. movies
Movies about giants
Dorothy Catherine Fontana (March 25, 1939 – December 2, 2019) was an American television script writer and story editor. He was best known for her work on the original Star Trek franchise and several Western television series. She also wrote the script for Logan's Run, The Six Million Dollar Man, and Buck Rogers in the 25th Century. Fontana was born in Sussex, New Jersey.

Fontana died on December 2, 2019 after a short battle with cancer in Burbank, California, aged 80.

References

1939 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in California
American editors
American television writers
Screenwriters from Los Angeles
Vera Clemente (March 6, 1941 – November 16, 2019) was a Puerto Rican philanthropist. She was the head of the Roberto Clemente Foundation. She founded a sports education center in Puerto Rico, and was a Goodwill Ambassador for Major League Baseball. 

She was the wife of baseball player Roberto Clemente, who died in 1972, and the mother of sportscaster Roberto Clemente Jr. She went to the White House in 2003 to receive her husband's posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom. 

Clemente died of a short-illness on November 16, 2019 at a San Juan, Puerto Rico hospital, aged 78.

References

1941 births
2019 deaths
Puerto Rican people
American philanthropists
John Henry Waddell (February 14, 1921 – November 27, 2019) was an American sculptor, painter and educator. He had a long career in art education and had many sculptures on public display. He was best known for That Which Might Have Been—his memorial to the four girls killed in the 1963 bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama.

Waddell died November 27, 2019 in Verde Valley, Arizona, at the age of 98.

Selected public works

References

1921 births
2019 deaths
American sculptors
Educators from Iowa
American painters
Writers from Des Moines, Iowa
Writers from Arizona
Educators from Arizona
Andrew Elborn Clements (May 29, 1949 – November 28, 2019) was an American children's writer. His first book Frindle won annual book awards. In June 2015 it was named the Phoenix Award winner for 2016. He also wrote A Week in the Woods and Things Not Seen.

Clements died on November 28, 2019 at his Baldwin, Maine home at the age of 70.

References

Other websites

1949 births
2019 deaths
American children's writers
American novelists
People from Bangor, Maine
Writers from Maine
Writers from New Jersey
People from Camden, New Jersey
Writers from Springfield, Illinois
Rawshan Ara Bachchu (17 December 1932 – 3 December 2019) was a Bangladeshi activist. She took part in Bengali Language Movement in 1952. She was awarded Anannya Top Ten Awards in 2009. She was born in Kulaura, Sylhet, Assam Province, British India. 

Bachchu died on 3 December 2019 in Dhaka, Bangladesh at the age of 86.

References

1932 births
2019 deaths
Activists
Linguists
Bangladeshi people
Bishop Ján Eugen Kočiš (25 June 1926 – 4 December 2019) was a Slovak and Czech Greek Catholic hierarch. He was a Titular Bishop of Abrittum and an Auxiliary Bishop of the Ruthenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Czech Republic from 24 April 2004 until 7 October 2006. Kočiš was born in Pozdišovce, Czechoslovakia. 

Kočiš died on 4 December 2019 in Prešov, Slovakia at the age of 93.

References

1926 births
2019 deaths
Czech people
Slovakian people
Bishops
Dorothy Rabinowitz is an American writer and critic.  She writes for the Wall Street Journal. She is sometimes on the Journal Editorial Report on the Fox News channel.

In 2001 Rabinowitz won the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary.  She lost the Pulitzer Prize three times earlier.  When she won, the Pulitzer board cited articles on false allegations of child sexual abuse, and the 2000 U.S. presidential election.

She supported Republican presidential candidate John McCain in both the 2000 and 2008 U.S. presidential elections.

Books
 No Crueler Tyrannies: Accusation, False Witness, and Other Terrors of Our Times, Free Press, 2003. .
 About the Holocaust : what we know and how we know it, Institute of Human Relations Press, American Jewish Committee, 1979. .
 New Lives: Survivors of the Holocaust Living in America, Random House, 1976. .
 The other Jews; portraits in poverty, Institute of Human Relations Press, American Jewish Committee, 1972. .
 Home life; a story of old age, by Dorothy Rabinowitz & Yedida Nielsen, Macmillan, 1971. .

Sources

Other websites

Pulitzer Prize winning works
Wall Street Journal's biography of Dorothy Rabinowitz

Living people
American  journalists
American critics
Pulitzer Prize winners
American conservatives
New York University alumni
Writers from New York City
25 Churchill Place is a skyscraper in the eastern part of the London financial district Canary Wharf. 

Potential tenants included Aon, Deutsche Bank and News Corp.

Information 
It is 118 metres (387 ft) and it opened in 2014, the same year when construction was completed after two years of construction.

Tenants
Ernst & Young (Floors 14 to 21)
Wework (Floors 1 to 11 and 13)

Skyscrapers in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in London
James Cavallo (March 14, 1927 – December 2, 2019) was an American saxophonist. His genres included R&B and rock. He was best known for performing with his band in the 1956 movie, Rock, Rock, Rock. His band Jimmy and the Houserockers were the first white band to play at the Apollo Theater in Harlem. Cavallo was born in Syracuse, New York.

Cavallo died of heart failure on December 2, 2019 in Pompano Beach, Florida at the age of 92.

References

Other websites

NewTimesBPB.com article 
LeonoreDecor.com article 
imdb.com biography

1927 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Florida
American saxophonists
American rock musicians
American R&B musicians
American movie actors
Musicians from New York
Actors from New York
People from Syracuse, New York
Rosa Morena (11 July 1941 – 4 December 2019) was a Spanish flamenco pop singer, model, dancer and actress. She was known for her 1970s hit song "Échale guindas al pavo". Morena was born in Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. Her best known movie roles were Alborada en cartagena: El secreto de las esmeraldas (1966), Flor salvaje (1968), Entre ríos y encinares (1971) and El Retorno del Hombre Lobo (1980).

Death 
Morena died on 4 December 2019 in Badajoz, Spain from breast cancer at the age of 78.

References

1941 births
2019 deaths
Spanish singers
Pop singers
Spanish movie actors
Spanish models
Dancers
Deaths from breast cancer
The Samoa Observer is the largest newspaper group in Samoa.  It is written in English and Samoan. The paper sold on Monday to Friday is called the Samoa Observer, the paper sold on Saturdays is the Weekend Observer, and the one on Sundays is the Sunday Samoan. The Samoa Observer has articles on news in Samoa, news in other countries, opinion essays, sports, and investigations by reporters. The Samoa Observer was founded in 1978 by Editor in Chief Savea Sano Malifa, a poet and Pacific news writer who received the Commonwealth Astor Award for press freedom in 1998.

The Samoa Observer has gotten awards for investigative journalism. Some government officials and business leaders have sued the Samoa Observer in court for the stories it wrote about crime or other bad acts. 

The paper's offices are located in Apia, the capital city of Samoa.  In 1994, the offices were damaged in a fire after it printed stories about government corruption.

References

Other websites 
 

Samoa
Newspapers
Writing
English-language newspapers published in Asia
Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque (built 1192 - 1316) Quwwat-ul-Islam was sponsored by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founder of the Mamluk dynasty. The Quwwat-ul-Islam is best known for its tower of victory, celebrating the Muslim conquest of India. It is also known as Rai Pithora ka Mahal. Located to the north-east of Qutb Minar, it was converted from Lord Vishnu Temple to a mosque by Qutub-ud-Din Aibak in 1198 A.D.. It is the earliest extant mosque built by the Delhi Sultanate. It consists of a rectangular courtyard enclosed by cloisters, erected with the carved columns and architectural members of 27 Hindu and Jain temples, which were demolished by Qutb al-Din Aibak as recorded in his inscription on the main eastern entrance. Perhaps it was the first monument of iconoclast in India. It is in contradiction to Hasan Nizami's account of Aibak as peaceful and 'Lakh Baksh' or 'giver of lakhs' in his book Taj-ul-Masir. It is said he was generous and spent huge sums in charity. But it may also be that the monument was hurriedly built with the building material from the temple as Aibak had not established himself firmly in India at that time.

Qutb was a fanatical Muslim. When his garrison occupied Delhi under the command of Muhammed Ghori in 1192, he ordered the destruction of twenty-seven Hindu and Jain temples to furnish building materials for the construction of Delhi's first mosque. Quwwat-ul-Islam, the "Glory of Islam," was hastily erected by the young amir, who conscripted an army of local craftsmen, presumably Hindus, to assemble the structure. The Hindu stonemasons repurposed columns from the destroyed temples, but adapting them to use in a mosque proved problematic given Islam's injunction against the use of images in temples. The masons were forced to plaster over the highly sculpted Hindu columns and presumably cover them with geometric designs. However, after centuries of neglect the plaster has fallen away, revealing the original Hindu carvings.

The Quwwat-ul-Islam is best known for its tower of victory, celebrating the Muslim conquest of India. It is built of red sandstone, gray quartz, and white marble, but is probably inspired by the iron "Pillar of the Law" that stands on the site. Built in the Mauryan dynasty in the 6th century, it is the only piece of the temple that stands in its original location. Qutb built around it when he constructed the mosque. Although made of iron, it has resisted rust for over 1,500 years, evidence of the Mauryan's superb metallurgical skills.

Later, a lofty arched screen was erected and the mosque was enlarged, by Shams-ud- Din Iltutmish (A.D. 1210 - 1235) and Ala-ud-Din Khalji. The Iron Pillar in the courtyard bears an inscription in Sanskrit in Brahmi script of fourth century A.D., according to which the pillar was set up as a Vishnudhvaja (standard of god Vishnu) on the hill known as Vishnupada in memory of a mighty king named Chandra. A deep socket on the top of the ornate capital indicates that probably an image of Garuda was fixed into it.

References 

Buildings and structures in India
Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)
Monuments and memorials
Mughal architecture
World Heritage Sites in India
Minh Mạng ([mïŋ˧ maːŋ˧˨ʔ]; 25 May 1791 – 20 January 1841), personal name Nguyễn Phúc Đảm, also known as Nguyễn Phúc Kiểu, was the second emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty in Vietnamese History. His reign prolonged 21 years, from 1820 until his death in 1841.

Biography 
Emperor Minh Mạng was the fourth son of Emperor Gia Long; his mother was Trần Thị Đang, second wife of Gia Long (confered Empress Dowager Nhân Tuyên later). Three eldest son of Gia Long, Crown prince Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh, Duke of Thuận An Nguyễn Phúc Hy and prince Nguyễn Phúc Tuấn, had died before their father, so Minh Mạng was the eldest son of Gia Long at that time.

Minh Mạng is reported to have 142 children from 43 wives. He also had many concubines whose childless, and not be reported in royal pedigree. The first wife of him was Empress Consort Tá Thiên Hồ Thị Hoa, mother of Emperor Thiệu Trị, but she died after 13 days giving birth. The second wife, First-rank of Royal Concubine Hiền phi Ngô Thị Chính, was the most beloved wife of Minh Mạng, but she had not been conferred as Empress Consort.

1791 births
1841 deaths
Vietnamese people
Ngô Thị Chính (or Chánh) (1792 – 1843) was an imperial consort of Emperor Minh Mạng of the Nguyễn Dynasty in Vietnamese History.

Biography 
Ngô Thị Chính was born in Đăng Xương, Huế, daughter of Attorney General Ngô Văn Sở and lady Nguyễn Thị Đích. She also had 2 younger brother named Thắng and Thọ.

Lady Chính married Minh Mạng while he was still as Crown Prince. In 1820, Minh Mạng crowned, lady Chính was granted the title Cung tần (Imperial maid), as well as other concubines of him. Because at that time, lady Hồ Thị Hoa had died after giving birth to Miên Tông (Thiệu Trị later), lady Chính was the primary wife of Minh Mạng, leader of the harem. 

Not long after that, she was granted Tam giai Hiền tần (Third-rank of Royal Concubine Hiền tần). The First and Second-rank was emptied, so Hiền tần still kept the highest rank in the harem. In 1836, she was elevated to Nhất giai Hiền phi (First-rank of Royal Concubine Hiền phi).

Although more than 40, Hiền Phi still gave birth to a son, proving that she was still loved by the emperor despite her age.

In 1843, Hiền Phi died at 52 years old and was buried at Hương Thủy, Huế. Emperor Thiệu Trị granted the posthumous name for Hiền phi, was Tuệ Khiết.

Children 
Hiền phi Ngô Thị Chính gave birth to 9 children for Minh Mạng:

 Prince Nguyễn Phúc Chính (August 26, 1807 – 1808), the second prince, died prematurely.
 Second-rank Prince of Vĩnh Tường, Nguyễn Phúc Miên Hoành (July 12, 1811 – November 23, 1835), the 5th prince.
 Princess Nguyễn Phúc Ngọc Tông (July 17, 1812 – April 3, 1824), the eldest princess, died young.
 Princess of An Phú, Nguyễn Phúc Khuê Gia (August 12, 1813 – April 28, 1865), 2nd princess.
 Princess of Lộc Thành, Nguyễn Phúc Uyển Diễm (1815 – August 29, 1836), 3rd princess.
 Second-rank Prince of Vĩnh Tường, Nguyễn Phúc Miên Áo (January 4, 1817 – February 1, 1865), 6th prince.
 Second-rank Duke of Hòa, Nguyễn Phúc Miên Quân (August 31, 1828 – August 17, 1863), the 40th prince.
 Princess Nguyễn Phúc Thụy Thục (1829 – June 12, 1835), 32nd princess, died young.
 Third-rank Duke of Quảng Hóa, Nguyễn Phúc Miên Uyển (February 12, 1833 – November 30, 1893), 60th prince.

1792 births
1843 deaths
Vietnamese people
Ant-Man is a superhero. He was first made by Hank Pym, a genius who had many scientific advances. He was the person who brought Ant-Man to Marvel, but the creator was still Stan Lee and his companions. Later on the suit was stolen by Scott Lang, who soon became the new Ant-Man in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).

Ability 
His power comes from his suit and tools of high tech tool. Hank Pym study's about subatomic particles which he call the Pym Particles. These particles are inside unknown gas which where his power comes from, when he is going to turn into different size. The unknown gas that Pym study from the micro particles makes his body shrink when he inhales or drinks a potion of the Pym Particles.

Even though he is a small size, he still has human strength. As an ant, he has the ability to carry a heavy weight. Like an ant he can carry up to 50,000 pound.

Weakness 
Ant-Man's different size can cause stress to his body and his mind.

Weapon 
The Stinger a small and very powerful stun beam. It shoots a beam creating explosion.

Villains (comic & movie) 
Like all superheroes, Ant-Man also has a huge amount of villains to fight. 

The earliest criminals Ant-Man had in Marvel Comics are: Egghead, Scarlet Beetle, The Hijacker, The Voice, The Porcupine, The Living Eraser, The Human Top, The Black Knight, El Toro, Nikita Khrushchev.

Partner 
The Avengers, The Wasp

Reference 

Marvel Comics superheroes
Garfield Minus Garfield, also known as Jon Arbuckle, is a comic published on the internet and created by Dan Walsh, a technology manager from Dublin, Ireland, that received notably large attention during 2008. Each comic strip consists of a previous Garfield comic strip with every character except Garfield's owner Jon Arbuckle removed. Dan Walsh says he was not the first to come up with this idea, but was the first to popularize it.

Paws, Inc. publishes a similarly named and themed comic strip every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and later every Tuesday.

Content 
Because Garfield is not present, the comic strips mostly show his owner, Jon Arbuckle, interacting with himself instead of Garfield. The comic strip's website calls this "a journey deep into the mind of an isolated young everyman as he fights a losing battle against loneliness and depression in a quiet American suburb."

Reception
Garfield creator and artist Jim Davis has said he occasionally reads the comic strip, it fascinates him, and he finds it to be an "inspired thing to do". Some variations of the idea have also been created, such as a Garfield Minus Jon Tumblr blog.

Publication 
On October 28 2008, Ballantine Books released a Garfield Minus Garfield book in full color, with the original comics alongside the edited ones. It is credited to Jim Davis, who officially allowed it to be published, with an introduction written by Dan Walsh. However, most of the content inside the book consists of a section with "Garfield Minus Garfield Strips by Dan", ending with "A word from Jim Davis" and a small section of Jim Davis' own attempts at making Garfield Minus Garfield comic strips.

Paws, Inc. published its own Garfield Minus Garfield from November 3, 2008 to July 21, 2010, and resumed publishing on April 25, 2012. Unlike Dan Walsh's version, Paws, Inc.'s version also includes the original Garfield comic strip underneath.

References

Other websites

 
 Dan Walsh's personal blog, Travors.com
The Albany adder is a viper that is less than a foot long and is also a highly venomous snake, native to South Africa. It is the most rare and endangered snake in South Africa. The Albany Adder has a rare brown and red pattern on its scales. It also seems to have horns over its eyebrows. The Adder reaches sexual maturity between 3 and 4 years of age. They can live around 15 years old in the wild.

History 
This breed was found in the 1990s. There have only been a dozen found, one was found dead. The last was found and recorded in 2007. A group of reptile experts went looking for this hard to find snake and were only able to find two during their first day. In 2014, the Albany Adder was put on the Critically endangered species list as the most endangered reptile. This snake was a month from being extinct due to the rule of a species not being found and recorded in a ten year span. If not recorded in this time frame, it is labeled as extinct.

Habitat & Habits 
Due to the loss of the snake's home there have been few sightings of this snake.  Scientists are keeping the location of the snake a secret in order to save it. There are now rules for their lands. The snakes reside in small plants and tiny trees. Reptile experts know nearly nothing about the what the Albany Adder eats, how they have babies, and the way they act.  

Scientists know what other Adders eat, how they have babies, and how they behave. They have reason to believe that these habits are similar to the Albany Adder.

Adders eat small Mammals. small Reptiles, nesting Birds, and Amphibians. Scientists think Albany Adders mate nearly the same way as other Adders. Females can produce around 10-12 babies who go off on their own shortly after being born.

References 

Vipers
South Africa
Needle felting is a craft artwork created by using a needle and wool fibers. It's a process of changing wool into realistic looking animals, food and many other things.

History 
Needle felting goes back to the 1980s. It was created by David & Eleanor Stanwood. They took needles from a wool factory and used them to create tiny pieces of felt without any water or soap. The skills for needle felting were then taught to Ayala Talpai who wrote books and taught others to needle felt. Today, needle felting is still not as popular as wet felting. However, it has a strong following with people who enjoy to do arts and crafts.

Materials

Finger gloves 
Finger gloves are small leather strips that cover the index finger and thumb in order to prevent the fingers from getting stabbed by the needles. Finger gloves are important for beginners but run the risk of damaging the needles if they are stabbed too often.

Felting cushion 

The cushion is required for felting. This is used so that the felting needle doesn’t get damaged. It can be made out of many materials but commonly will be found as styrofoam, sponge, and other soft materials that can be stabbed by the needle but won't damage the needle.

Felting needle 
Felting needles come in many different sizes. Barbs lock the wool fibers in place. Smaller needles have finer barbs and can be used for more detailed work. Larger needles have thick barbs and can create felt faster than other needle sizes. The needle size is measured in gauges ranging from 12 to 42. It is a measurement of how many needles fit in a square inch. That means the higher the gauge, the smaller the needle.

Wool 
The wool that is typically used for needle felting is called roving. Different kind of wool can be used for felting but roving is preferred.

Process 
Needle felting starts by placing a cushion on a flat surface. Then a small amount of wool is tightly rolled up into a small bundle. The small wool fibers are rolled into a bundle and stabbed over and over again, creating a firm texture that is called felt. Adding more wool and poking it repeatedly into the felt makes a simple shape.

References 

Fibers
The Flemish Giant rabbit is one of the largest breeds of domestic rabbits, earning the name, "King of Rabbits." Originally, these rabbits were bred for their fur and meat. It's origins are quite vague. It is believed that these rabbits are descended from the Patagonia Rabbit, possibly crossed with another rabbit. Also, no one is sure as to what region these rabbits are from.

The difference in does (females) and bucks (males) can be told by looking at their head. Bucks have a broader head while does' are dainty and have a dewlap, a fold of skin under their chin, used to keep kits (baby rabbits) warm.

The Flemish Giant rabbit has other nicknames besides "King of Rabbits." The name "Gentle Giants" was earned because unlike the smaller domestic rabbit, Flemish Giants are known for being much more calm and gentle. They are also called the "Universal Rabbit" mainly for being great pets and show animals, although, it could also be because of their use as a resource for food and material.

Size 
"Giant" obviously comes from their large size. "Flemish" was the language spoken in the region where they were being bred. Their large size does mean a bit more of food and maintenance but these rabbits can be taken care of the same way the normal domestic sized rabbits would be taken care of.

Fur 
Their glossy fur is short and dense. Their coats come in seven different colors; light gray, steel gray, black, fawn, sandy, white, and blue.

Growth 
Mature Flemish Giants weigh 13-14 lbs on average but they can weigh up to 20 pounds, even a bit more. They can grow to be bigger than some dogs. On average, the Flemish Giant can grow to 2 1/2 in length. The longest Flemish Giant recorded is 4 ft. 3 in. The typical ear length for them is 8 inches.

References 

Domesticated animals
Lagomorphs
Thai street food is a market place in Thailand where vendors set up stalls to sell food and people buy to enjoy on the go or directly on nearby tables. This event is set up throughout the day with many different Thai cuisines and desserts such as popular dishes like "Som Tam," which is a salad made from shredded green papayas topped with tomatoes, lime, peanuts, garlic, and chili peppers and "Pad Thai" which is known as the country’s famous stir-fried noodles with any kind of meat such as pork, beef, chicken, or shrimp. They also have popular desserts such as "Khao Niao Mamuang" or mango sticky rice made with a bed of sticky rice at the bottom with a fresh mango cut into slices on top and finished off with a drizzle of sweet coconut milk; these foods are usually served as a small portion, just enough for one at a very low price.

Foods 

There are many Thai cuisines displayed from noodles to curries, soups to salad, and many sweet desserts. One popular noodle soup, "Guay Teow," is made from rice noodles or egg noodles with beef, pork, and chicken stock. Sometimes vendors add wantons, which are small dumplings or meat balls, to the broth. The Thai version of spaghetti and meatballs is called "Pad See Eiw." It's a noodle dish made from wide and thick rice noodles that is stir fried in dark soy sauce with either pork, chicken, or beef and Chinese broccoli or cabbage. It's a great substitute from pad thai because it's not spicy, although some ask for dried chili flakes on the side. Those who enjoy food can also add vinegar to liven the dish. Another unique street food dish is "Massaman Gai," which is a curry that comes from Persia. This dish is flavored with Cinnamon, Tamarind sauce, and sugar, topped with roasted peanuts and bay leaves, it's made with coconut milk, potatoes, and chicken or tofu for vegetarians.

Desserts 

Thai street also has desserts. These can be wrapped or serve in other unique ways. “Khao Lam” which is Bamboo sticky rice, is served inside a bamboo stick roasted in charcoal. The inside can have white sticky rice or black sticky rice filled with black beans or sesame. The bamboo gives this dessert a unique taste. Diners crack open the top and then pull down each bamboo strip like a flower until the sticky rice is reached. This dessert's price range is from 14 cents (US) to as much as $2. Thai desserts also include ice cream. Being one of the hottest places in the world, there are a lot of stalls that sell many ice cream desserts like “Itim Kati” or coconut ice cream. This dessert is made out of coconut milk with a soft texture, a blend between creamy and icy. It's served in a coconut shell and is as cheap as 57 to 86 cents (US). There is also a unique dessert that can be found in Thai street markets called “Bua Loy Nam King” or Black sesame dumplings in ginger soup. This street dessert is originally from China. It is filled with warm spicy Ginger soup with rice flour dumplings that have black sesame paste on the inside, it’s texture is soft and chewy.

References 

street
Reedley is a city in Fresno County, California. It is about 33.36 kilometers southeast of Fresno. In 2010, 24,194 people lived there. 

Settlements in Fresno County, California
Cities in California
Constrained comics are comics on which restrictions are intentionally placed.

A similar idea is constrained writing, a style of writing that also features restrictions that are intentionally placed. Using that idea, writers have attempted to do things such as write novels that are palindromes or do not feature the letter "e". Some of these ideas are sorted into their own genres of poetry, such as haiku or sonnet.

Examples
Some notable examples of constrained comics are listed here:
 Gustave Verbeek's The Upside Downs of Little Lady Lovekins and Old Man Muffaroo, a comic strip with six panels in each comic strip in which the first half of the story is right-side-up, then the second half of the story is told when the story is turned up-side-down, for a total of twelve panels.
 The Angriest Dog in the World, a comic strip with six panels in each comic strip by David Lynch. The only difference between each comic strip is what the dog says in the first three panels.
 Dinosaur Comics, which uses the same artwork in each comic strip, and only what the characters say to each other changes.
 Watchmen is created with various restrictions, especially the fifth issue, which is called "Fearful Symmetry", which is a palindrome.
 Partially Clips, a comic strip with three panels in each comic strip that uses three identical panels based on clipart.
 The many comics created by the group Oubapo.
 Matt Madden's 99 Ways to Tell a Story.
 Garfield Minus Garfield, which features Jon Arbuckle without his pet cat Garfield, who is the main character of the original comic strip.

Related pages
 Infinite canvas, a style of comics that, in a way, is the opposite of constrained comics.

Further reading
 Baetens, Jan. Comic Strips and Constrained Writing. Image & Narrative. Issue 7. October 2003. Retrieved on 2008-09-24.

Other websites
 Article about constraint on ComixTalk
Paws, Inc., also known as Paws Incorporated, is an American comic studio and production company owned by the children's cable television network Nickelodeon, a subsidiary fully owned by ViacomCBS. American cartoonist Jim Davis started it to support the Garfield series, comic strips and its licensing. It is located in Muncie, Indiana. 50 artists and licensing administrators work for Paws, Inc.. The current company building changed positions from Jim Davis's farm to Albany, which was nearby, in 1989.

In 1994, the company purchased all rights to the Garfield comic strips from 1978 to 1993 from United Feature Syndicate, except for the original black-and-white daily comic strips and original color Sunday comic strips. Paws owns the copyrights to the full-color daily comic strips and recolored Sunday comic strips because they are called a different product. The comic strip is currently distributed by Universal Uclick, while Paws, Inc. owns the rights to the comic strip.

In August 2019, Viacom purchased Paws, Inc., including merchandising around the world and existing licensees, and put it under Nickelodeon. The deal did not include rights to the previous live action and CGI Garfield movies, which Walt Disney Studios owns under 20th Century Fox. Jim Davis will continue to draw the comic strip for newspapers and Universal Uclick.

References

Other websites
 About Paws, Inc. on Garfield website
Echichens is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011 the municipalities of Colombier, Monnaz and Saint-Saphorin-sur-Morges joined together to become this new municipality, Echichens.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Préverenges is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Lütisburg is a municipality in Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of St. Gallen
The Angriest Dog in the World is a comic strip created by film director David Lynch.

Background
Lynch came up with the idea for the comic strip in 1973 during a time when he was feeling very angry. The comic strip was first published in the LA Reader, and ran from 1983 until 1992. The comic strip was also serialized in Cheval Noir.

Each comic strip is introduced with a small caption featuring this text:

Each strip is visually the same. The first three panels are identical, and feature the black dog growling, tied to a post in a yard by a chain. He is between a tree on the left and one wall of a house with a window on the right. The fourth panel is the same as the previous three panels, except it is night time and a circle of light is coming from the house's window.

A word balloon appears in one or more of the panels, showing one of the members of one of the house's unseen family, either Bill, Sylvia, Pete or Billy, Jr, is speaking. The speech is usually an aphorism or a non-sequitur. Such sayings include: "If everything is real... then nothing is real as well." and "It doesn't get any better than this."

In a short essay on Lynch's Rabbits, Objectif Cinema notes:
David Lynch has of course used animals within his back catalogue of work before. Dogs for instance feature in nearly every one of his movies usually as a visual prop: who could forget the scene in Wild at Heart in which our canine friend scampers away with the Bank teller's severed hand? Or the mewling pups in Mary X's living room in Eraserhead? Indeed a dog, albeit in cartoon form, took centre stage in Lynch's cartoon series for the LA Reader, The Angriest Dog in the World. But it is here on his website that Lynch seems to be opening up more to the wonders of nature: Bees, Coyotes and Dead Mice all have a part to play in various guises and manifestations within www.davidlynch.com, and as part of the pay-per-view series, the Rabbit has been given the starring role.

Homages

 In 2003, cartoonist Ted Rall parodied the comic strip using his comic The Angriest Liberal in the World.
 In 2004, Dinosaur Comics, a comic that uses the same sequence of illustrations, which are clip-art, in every comic strip in a similar way, made a direct reference to The Angriest Dog in the World.
 In 2016, the episode of Homestar Runner "Later That Night... " was released. The episode of Homestar Runner features The Cheat dressed as The Angriest Dog in the World.

References

Other websites
 The Angriest Dog in the World at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on April 4, 2012.

American comic strips
Fictional dogs
Quarten is a municipality in Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland. It is above Lake Walen and is divided into villages: Oberterzen, Unterterzen, Quarten, Quinten, Mols, Murg, and Tannenbodenalp.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 Quarten Online Official website 
 Official website of the village of Murg 
 
 
 
 

Municipalities of St. Gallen
Haribo is a German candy company founded in 1920 by Johannes "Hans" Riegel Sr. It started in Kessenich, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia. The name is an acronym formed from Hans Riegel, Bonn. This is the name of the founder and the place he founded the company. Haribo created the first gummy candy in 1922 in the form of little gummy bears called Gummibärchen. The current headquarters is in Grafschaft, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Haribo's slogan in German is "Haribo macht Kinder froh – und Erwachsene ebenso" ("Haribo makes children happy – and adults as well").

Other websites

References

1920s establishments in Germany
1920 establishments in Europe
Companies of Germany
Food companies of Europe
Candy
Bonn
Rhineland-Palatinate
Eclépens is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Reverolle is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Vaud
Gams is a municipality in Werdenberg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 

Municipalities of St. Gallen
The 2019 Hyderabad gang rape was the murder of a 26 year old veterinary doctor. It had an effect across all of India.

Her body was found in Shadnagar on 28 November 2019, a day after her death. Four suspects were arrested and, according to the Cyberabad Metropolitan Police, confessed to having raped and killed the doctor. On 6 December, the police took the accused to the scene of the crime, and shot them dead, prompting accusations of extrajudicial execution and celebrations of the killings. 

The following account is based on the police report. The victim had parked her scooter near a toll plaza, and caught the attention of two lorry drivers and their assistants. They  deflated her tire, pretended to help her, and pushed her into nearby bushes, where they raped and smothered her. Then they loaded her corpse onto a lorry and dropped it on the roadside.

The police got evidence  from CCTV cameras and from the victim's mobile phone. The accused were arrested and put in Cherlapally Central Jail for fourteen days. The Telangana Chief Minister ordered a fast-track court to try the accused for their alleged crimes. 

The rape and murder caused outrage in several parts of the country. Protests and public demonstration against rape were organised nationwide after the incident, with the public demanding stricter laws against rape and rapists.  The Minister of Home Affairs criticised the Telangana Police and stated that the government intended to amend the Indian Penal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure to introduce laws for quicker punishment by fast-track courts.

All four accused were killed in by police on 6 December 2019, under a bridge on Bangalore Hyderabad national highway, while they were in police custody. According to the police, the suspects were taken there for a reconstruction of the crime scene.  Two of them allegedly snatched guns and attacked the police. In the ensuing shootout, all four suspects were shot dead. 

Thousands of people celebrated the men's deaths. The event has no religious angle: the accused included men of both main religions.

References 

2019 crimes
2019 murders in Asia
2010s in India
November 2019 events
Crime in India
Murder in India
Rape
Hyderabad, India
PartiallyClips is a comic published on the internet that was created by Rob Balder and ran from 2002 to 2015. At the start of 2010, Balder gave authorship of the comic to Tim Crist, the comedy musician behind Worm Quartet.

Premise 
PartiallyClips is a constrained comic. Each three-panel strip consists of the same clip art image (the comic has no original art) in each panel for the whole strip, with added speech balloons and/or captions to create the joke.

PartiallyClips frequently tends to use dark humor because the picture used shows peace, which is common in public-domain clip art, but the added dialogue or captions make it instead not show peace. PartiallyClips also frequently comments on modern life and culture, especially aspects of Internet culture. No characters or plots often repeat.

Its name is a derivation from a misinterpreted phrase that results from a mishearing of the name because "Partially Clips" sounds similar to "Partial eclipse".

Distribution and reception 
PartiallyClips was updated twice every week, on Sundays and Thursdays. The partiallyclips.com website stopped updating on 17 June 2015. During 2018, the PartiallyClips website went down, and remains unavailable as of August 2019. The archives were available on the Erfworld domain, but are not available there anymore because that domain has largely been taken down due to personal tragedy.

In addition to being published online, the strip was also self-licensed to print media, being targeted at alternative weekly newspapers. It appeared in about 25 newspapers and magazines, and was published in a book called Suffering For My Clip Art: The Best Of Partially Clips Volume 1. Material from PartiallyClips was included in Attitude 3: The New Subversive Online Cartoonists.

PartiallyClips was included in a short list of comics published on the internet that was included in an NPR article released in 2009. The article's author, Glen Weldon, called it "a combination of found art, a finely honed comic sensibility, and awesomeness run rampant."

Related pages 
 Dinosaur Comics, another constrained comic

References

Other websites 
PartiallyClips  - current online archives
PartiallyClips - original website, now unavailable - see an archive from 1 Sept. 2015 for one of the last archives of the actual strip

Webcomics
2002 establishments
2015 disestablishments