cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sankoo () is a town in the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is south of the town of Kargil, and is a sub-district of the Kargil District.

Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir
Super Bowl XLV was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Green Bay Packers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2010 season. The Packers defeated the Steelers by the score of 31–25. The game was played on February 6, 2011, at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, the first time the Super Bowl was played in the Dallas–Fort Worth area.

Sources

045
2011 in sports
Arlington, Texas
Sports in Texas
2011 in the United States
2010s in Texas
Pittsburgh Steelers
Green Bay Packers
Max Schmitt in a Single Scull is an oil painting by Thomas Eakins. It was painted in 1871. The picture measures 32.6 x 46.3 cm. It hangs in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. The painting sets on the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1870s paintings
Paintings by Thomas Eakins
Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
American paintings
Lake Karachay is a small lake in the Ural Mountains. It lies in Chelyabinsk Oblast, near the town of Ozyorsk.Ozyork was a closed city; the people who worked there built Russia's first nuclear power plant, at Mayak. The lake was used to dump radioactive waste that resulted from operating the Mayak site, from about 1951. This waste had been dumped into the Techa River beforehand. From about 1956, it was also stored in tanks.

The lake is near Mayak, which is the name of a number of nuclear facilities, about 150 kilometres (93 miles) from Ekaterinburg in Russia.

Lakes of Russia
Hobart Ray Brown (February 27, 1934 – November 7, 2007) was an American sculptor. He was known for finding the Kinetic Sculpture Race in 1969.

Brown was born on February 27, 1934 in Hess, Oklahoma. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. Brown studied at Van Nuys High School, just a few classes from Marilyn Monroe. He was divorced two times. Brown had four children. Brown had a stroke in May 2007. Brown died on November 7, 2007 from pneumonia in Redwood City, California, aged 73.

References

Other websites

 Hobart Brown: A life in Pictures
 Hobart Brown - Virtual Gallery

1934 births
2007 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American sculptors
People from Oklahoma
People from Los Angeles
Santa Barbara, California  is the county seat of Santa Barbara County, California, United States. About 220,000 people live there. It is the second largest county seat in the country, just after Santa Maria, California. Helene Schneider is the mayor.

Other websites

 Movies and television shows filmed in Santa Barbara 
 Santa Barbara on city-data.com
 Santa Barbara Conference & Visitors Bureau and Film Commission
 Santa Barbara earthquakes 
 Santa Barbara Channels : Santa Barbara's public access TV station
 Summer Solstice Celebration
 National Register of Historic Places listings
 Local University UCSB
 Santa Barbara Views, ca. 1875, The Bancroft Library

County seats in California
Santa Maria is a city in Santa Barbara County, in Southern California. In 2019, about 107,263 people lived there. Alice Patino is the mayor.

References

Cities in California
Settlements in Santa Barbara County, California
Otavalo is the capital of Otavalo Canton, is a large busy town in the Imbabura Province of Ecuador. The town has about 90,000 citizens and is surrounded by mountains and volcanoes such as Imbabura 4,630m, Cotacachi 4,995m, and the Mojanda volcanoes. Mario Conejo is the current mayor. 

Cities in Ecuador
Ibarra (full name San Miguel de Ibarra) is a city in northern Ecuador and the capital of the Imbabura Province. It lies at the foot of the Imbabura Volcano and on the left bank of the Tahuando river. It is about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Ecuador's capital Quito. Ibarra was founded in 1606.

Cities in Ecuador
The North–South divide is a term often used in the geography of socio-economics. It describes a difference in economic development between the north and south of the world. The North is made up of mostly developed countries in the Northern Hemisphere – those of Europe and North America. The South is made up of mostly developing and undeveloped countries – those in Africa, Latin America and Asia. Many of them are in the Southern Hemisphere. The North is home to four of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and all members of the G8.

Related pages
North–South divide in the United Kingdom

Economic geography
Demographics
Country classifications
Shipbuilding refers to the manufacturing of ships. In the past many ships were built in places like Glasgow and Sunderland but in the 21st century this industry is not big in the United Kingdom and most ships are built in South Korea and China. Japan once built the most ships but is now in 3rd place.

Related pages
Boston Navy Yard

Industries
Manufacturing
Ships
Saikai is a city in Nagasaki Prefecture Japan, formed in 2005 from the merger of several smaller towns including Oshima.

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Nagasaki Prefecture
Albertina Marie "Tina" Majorino (February 7, 1994) is an American movie and television actress. She started acting as a child. She acted in the movies Waterworld and Napoleon Dynamite. On television, she acted in the series Big Love, Veronica Mars and True Blood. She was also in the animated television version of Napoleon Dynamite.  She has a recurring role on the series Bones. In 2012, Majorino joined the cast of Grey's Anatomy. Her acting was begun around 1992. She was born in Westlake, California.

References

Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
1985 births
Living people
Sônia Braga (June 8, 1950) is a Brazilian and American actress. She acts mostly in movies. She starred in The Rookie and Moon over Parador. She has also been in a few television programs, including CSI: Miami. She is the aunt of the Brazilian actress Alice Braga.

Other websites

American movie actors
1950 births
Living people
Brazilian movie actors
Trading Mom (also released as The Mommy Market) is a 1994 fantasy/comedy movie written and directed by Tia Brelis. Starring Sissy Spacek and Anna Chlumsky, it features the final acting role of André the Giant, who died a year before the movie was released.

Plot
Elizabeth, Jeremy, and Harry Martin are three children who have had up to the edge with their mother, a nagging workaholic. Soon, they meet a mysterious gardener named Mrs. Cavour, who tells the siblings of an ancient spell that will make their mother disappear. After saying the incantation one night, the next morning, their mother has disappeared along with their memories of her. Mrs. Cavour tells the children of a place in town called the Mommy Market, where they have about every kind of mother one can think of. The Mommy Market has a policy, however, that one receives three tokens to take one of the mothers home, and if the children do not find a suitable mother by their third token, they could not return. Unfortunately for the children, the mothers they pick, a snappy French woman, a nature-hiker, and a circus performer, do not sit well with the kids, now feeling lost without a guardian to look after them. They want their own mother and try to remember something about her to break the spell.

References

1994 comedy movies
1990s fantasy-comedy movies
American fantasy-comedy movies
Movies based on books
English-language movies
1990s family movies
The Langlands Program is a branch of algebraic number theory. It is a more complicated version of class field theory.

Number theory
Algebra
John Grinham Kerr (November 15, 1931 – February 2, 2013) was an American actor and lawyer. As an actor. he worked in movies, television and on stage. He won a Tony Award in 1954.

Early life
Kerr was born on November 15, 1931 in New York City, New York. His parents were British actor Geoffrey Kerr and American actress June Walker. He studied at Phillips Exeter Academy and at Harvard University.

Career
Kerr had a major role in the movie version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's South Pacific (1958), playing Lt. Joe Cable, the newly arrived marine about to be sent on a dangerous spy mission.

In The Crowded Sky (1960), Kerr played a pilot who helps the Captain (Dana Andrews) steer a crippled airliner back to earth. Another movie appearance was in Roger Corman's The Pit and the Pendulum (1961). In 1963, Kerr had a continuing role on "Arrest and Trial", playing Assistant DA Barry Pine.

Personal life
Kerr was married to Priscilla Smith from 1952 until they divorced in 1972. Then he was married to Barbara Chu from 1979 until his death in 2013. He had three children with Smith.

Death
Kerr died on February 2, 2013 in Pasadena, California from heart failure, aged 81.

References

Other websites
 Obituary - Variety
 
 

1931 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Actors from New York City
Lawyers from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Tony Award winning actors
Elizabeth Anne Velásquez (; born March 13, 1989) is an American woman whose rare medical condition has led her to become an author and public speaker.

Early life and background
She was born on 13 March 1989. Her age was reported as 23 in September 2012, a time when she was near to finishing college from Texas State University majoring in communication studies. Her birth weight was only 2 pounds 11 ounces. She was raised by her mother Rita and father Guadalupe as their first child.She 2 younger sisters.  She is from Austin, Texas.

Living with NPS
Only two other people in the world are known to have the condition she is living with. The oldest woman is called Amanda and lives in England, and the youngest Abigail in the same city as Lizzie (Austin,Texas). Lizzie has no body fat, and weighs only 61 pounds. She is blind in her right eye, and has limited vision in the left eye. Her condition is like some others, especially progeria. She has some symptoms seen in progeria, like the pointy nose and aging skin, but she has more medical problems as well but it is not expected to cause her to die. Doctors and experts at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center have named it as a neonatal progeroid syndrome (NPS) which has allowed her healthy bones, organs and teeth. She should be able to bear her own children who will not live with any of the conditions she has.

Being bullied and speaking out
At times she was  left out and/or insulted by her peers, and has grown up to experience  online bullying. Very often she has been stared at in public. It has not always been easy for her to deal with it. She wants people to know about her condition, and her motto is "Stop Staring, Start Learning." 

She has spoken at over 200 events as a motivational speaker, something she enjoys and wants to continue to do.

Books she wrote
The first book she wrote was her own life story up to 2010. Her mother and Cynthia Lee were its co-writers.

Her second book, Be Beautiful, Be You came out in September 2012. It urges people to learn that it is not appearance which matters the most, and that people should love themselves for who they are.

References

Other websites
Her website aboutlizzie.com

Living people
Writers from Austin, Texas
1989 births
American bloggers
The Rockefeller University is an American private university in New York City. It does research and offers postgraduate and postdoctoral education. It conducts research mainly in biological sciences and medical science, and has produced or attracted many Nobel laureates.

The Rockefeller University is on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, between 63rd and 68th Streets along York Avenue.

A number of important journals are published by the Rockefeller University Press: the Journal of Experimental Medicine, the Journal of Cell Biology, and The Journal of General Physiology.

At a glance

Fostering an interdisciplinary atmosphere among its 73 laboratories, a faculty member is assigned to one of only six interconnecting research areas.

Research areas
biochemistry, structural biology, chemistry
molecular cell & developmental biology
medical sciences & human genetics
immunology, virology, microbiology
physics & mathematical biology
neuroscience

University community
 Over 70 heads of laboratories
190 research and clinical scientists
360 postdoctoral investigators
1,000 support staff
150 Ph.D. students
50 M.D.-Ph.D. students
890 alumni

Nobel Prize winners
2011 Ralph Steinman (Physiology or Medicine)
2003 Roderick MacKinnon (Chemistry)
2001 Paul Nurse (Physiology or Medicine)
2000 Paul Greengard (Physiology or Medicine)
1999 Günter Blobel (Physiology or Medicine)
1984 R. Bruce Merrifield (Chemistry)
1981 Torsten Wiesel (Physiology or Medicine)
1975 David Baltimore (Physiology or Medicine)
1974 Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George E. Palade (Physiology or Medicine)
1972 Stanford Moore, William H. Stein (Chemistry)
1972 Gerald M. Edelman (Physiology or Medicine)
1967 H. Keffer Hartline (Physiology or Medicine)
1966 Peyton Rous (Physiology or Medicine)
1958 Joshua Lederberg (Physiology or Medicine)
1958 Edward Tatum (Physiology or Medicine)
1953 Fritz Lipmann (Physiology or Medicine)
1946 John H. Northrop (Chemistry)
1946 Wendell M. Stanley (Chemistry)
1944 Herbert S. Gasser (Physiology or Medicine)
1930 Karl Landsteiner (Physiology or Medicine)
1912 Alexis Carrel (Physiology or Medicine)

References 

1901 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in New York (state)
Colleges and universities in New York
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
Bazargan (; also Romanized as Bāzargān, Bāzarqān, and Bāzergān) is a city in Iran. It is the capital of Bazargan District, in Maku County, West Azerbaijan Province. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,047, in 2,126 families.

References

Related pages
 Mehdi Bazargan

Cities in Iran
The term economics of fascism refers to the economic systems that are used by fascist regimes. In general, Fascist regimes wanted to exert strong control over the economy, but also defend private property; this attitude is generally known as dirigisme. The first cases of dirigisme happened in France. One of the first such movements is known as Colbertisme, after Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683). Colbert was the chief minister of finances of King Louis XIV of France. The ideas of Social Darwinism had a strong influence on Fascist regimes: Some people and enterprises did better than others; those that did better needed the support of the state, those that did not do as well, needed to be eradicated. Since most Fascist regimes were also influenced by racist ideas, the general tendency was to support the companies of the people of the "better" race. Gaetano Salvemini, an Italian historian said in 1936 that fascism made taxpayers responsible to private enterprise, because "the State pays for the blunders of private enterprise... Profit is private and individual. Loss is public and social." Fascist governments encouraged the pursuit of private profit and offered many benefits to large businesses, but they demanded in return that all economic activity should serve the national interest.

References

Economic systems
Fascism
Mario Party 3 is a party board video game for the Nintendo 64 console. It is the third game in the Mario Party series. It is the last Mario Party game for the Nintendo 64. It was made by Hudson Soft and published by Nintendo. It was released on December 7, 2000 in Japan, on May 7, 2001 in North America, and on September 3, 2001 in Europe.

Gameplay

Mario Party 3 plays like the first two Mario Party games. Players go around on boards to collect coins, which they can use to buy stars. Movement is done with the use of a dice block with the numbers one through ten. After all four players take their turns, a mini-game is played. The player that wins the mini-game wins coins. The winner is the player with the most stars at the end of the game. A new element in this game is the Game Guy Space. If a player lands on this space, they must pay all of their coins to play a mini-game. If successful, the player's coins will be doubled (or more, depending on the outcome). If the player fails, they lose all of their coins. This is the only Mario Party game this space appears in. Also, the player may now hold up to three items at a time. Six boards are available. The last one must be unlocked in Story Mode.

A new feature in this game are duel boards. Here, the player faces another player in a one-on-one duel on a board. Both players have up to two partners they can use. Twelve partners are available to use. The object is to decrease the other player's health to zero. There are six duel boards available. Duel boards are played after party boards in Story Mode. In Story Mode, the player gets a stamp for winning.

Eight characters are playable in this game. Two characters, Waluigi and Princess Daisy, make their first playable appearance in this game.

2000 video games
2001 video games
Nintendo 64 games
Mario Party games
The United States Minor Outlying Islands are nine island territories of the United States. They are Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island in the Pacific Ocean; and Navassa Island in the Caribbean Sea. The islands are grouped together for statistical reasons. They are not administered together.

As of 2008, none of the islands have any people living there permanently. The only human population consists of temporarily stationed scientific and military personnel.  The 2000 census counted 315 people on Johnston Atoll and 1 person on Wake Island. There has been no modern indigenous population, except at the 1940 census. In 1936, a colonization scheme began to settle Americans on Baker, Howland and Jarvis, but all three islands were evacuated in 1942 because of World War II.

The islands are all together represented by the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code UM. The ISO introduced the term "United States Minor Outlying Islands" in 1986. From 1974 until 1986, five of the islands (Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef) were grouped under the term "United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands", with ISO 3166 code PU. The code of Midway Atoll was MI, the code of Johnston Atoll was JT, and the code of Wake Island was WK. The Pacific islands are surrounded by large Exclusive Economic Zones.

Airports

The following is a list of island airports with ICAO (IATA) codes:

 PJON (JON): Johnston Atoll Airport, Johnston Atoll
 PMDY (MDY): Henderson Field (Midway Atoll), (Naval Air Facility), Sand Island
 PWAK (AWK): Wake Island Airfield, Wake Island
 PLPA: Palmyra (Cooper) Airport, Palmyra Atoll, Cooper Island
 PBAR: Baker Island Airport, Baker Island
 PLUR: Jarvis Airport, Jarvis Island

Ports

Three of the islands have ports listed in the World Port Index, with World Port Number:

56325 JOHNSTON ATOLL: Johnston Atoll
56328 MIDWAY ISLAND: Midway Atoll
56330 WAKE ISLAND: Wake Island
not listed WEST LAGOON: Palmyra Atoll

Baker Island, Howland Island and Jarvis Island have a small boat landing place on each. Kingman Reef and Navassa Island have offshore anchorage only.

Islands

References

Other websites
WorldStatesmen- U.S.
Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
CIA World Factbook: United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges 
Historical Population figures
dates of acquisition
Mitchell Ryan (born January 11, 1934) or Mitch Ryan is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Edward Montgomery in Dharma & Greg and as Dr. Terence Wynn in Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers.

Ryan was born on January 11, 1934 in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was raised in Louisville, Kentucky. He was married to Lynda Morse from 1972 until they divorced. They had three children.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1934 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American television personalities
Actors from Cincinnati, Ohio
Actors from Louisville, Kentucky
Shamrocks are the young sprigs of clover or trefoil. The shamrock is a symbol of Ireland. According to a legend, Saint Patrick used it to illustrate the doctrine of the Holy Trinity. The name shamrock is  derived from Irish . This is the diminutive version of the Irish word for clover () meaning simply "little clover" or "young clover". Sometimes other three-leafed plants are called shamrocks. The shamrock can be used for its medicinal properties. It was used as a motif in Victorian days. Around March 17 (Saint Patrick's Day) small pots of shamrocks are sold. Some people wear sprigs of shamrock in a buttonhole on the holiday.

References

Plants
Ireland
John J. B. Wilson (born May 24, 1954) is an American copywriter and publicist. He is the founder of the Golden Raspberry Awards. He written many books about how he founded the "Razzie Awards".

Wilson was born on May 24, 1954 in Chicago, Illinois. He was raised in Santa Monica, California and in Los Angeles, California. Wilson studied at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is married to Barbara Wilson. They have a son. He now lives in Cerritos, California.

References

Other websites

1954 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Chicago
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Chief executives
Writers from Chicago
Writers from Los Angeles
People from Santa Monica, California
Lake Shore Drive is a freeway-standard expressway in Chicago, Illinois. It runs along the shore of Lake Michigan. The highway passes Navy Pier all the through 875 North Michigan Avenue. The drive is a dangerous area during blizzards. The drive was named Leif Ericson Drive (after Leif Ericson) until it was renamed in 1946.

References

Other websites

 Lake Shore Drive Redux from ForgottenChicago.com
 The Campaign to Depave Lake Shore Drive
 Historic, Current & Average Travel Times For Lake Shore Drive 

Roads in Chicago
Navy Pier is a pier on the Chicago shoreline of Lake Michigan. It is  long. It is in the Streeterville neighborhood of the Near North Side community area. The pier was built in 1916. It cost $4.5 million. It was a part of the Plan of Chicago developed by architect and city planner Daniel Burnham and his partners. The pier has a  tall Ferris wheel.

Other websites

 
 Chicago Children's Museum on Navy Pier
 Chicago Shakespeare Theater on Navy Pier
 IMAX Theater on Navy Pier 
 Photos of Navy Pier at Night 
 3D Google Earth Model

Buildings and structures in Chicago, Illinois
Daniel Hudson Burnham  (September 4, 1846 – June 1, 1912) was an American architect and urban designer. Burnham helped create buildings or streets in Washington, D.C., in New York City, and in his hometown of Chicago. He helped create Navy Pier.

Burnham was born on September 4, 1846 in Henderson, New York. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. He was rejected from Yale University and at Harvard University. Burnham was married to Margaret Sherman from 1876 until his death in 1912. They had two children. Burnham died on June 1, 1912 in Heidelberg, Germany from diabetes, aged 65. He was buried in Graceland Cemetery in Uptown, Chicago.

References

Other websites

Ryerson & Burnham Libraries at The Art Institute of Chicago 
Burnham, Beaux-Arts, Plan of Chicago, & Fairs 
 Booknotes interview with Erik Larson on The Devil in the White City, September 14, 2003. 

1846 births
1912 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Burials at Graceland Cemetery
Architects from Chicago
People from New York
Barnett "Barney" Frank (born March 31, 1940) is an American politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1981 to 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as chairman of the House Financial Services Committee (2007–2011). He was a leading co-sponsor of the 2010 Dodd–Frank Act, a sweeping reform of the U.S. financial industry. Frank, a resident of Newton, Massachusetts, is considered the most prominent openly gay politician in the United States. 

Frank was born on March 31, 1940 in Bayonne, New Jersey. He studied at Harvard University. He has been married to Jim Ready since 2012.

Barney's latest book is "Frank Barney Frank," a review of his personal and political career and a strong argument for empowering government to help people.

References

Other websites

 

 Congressman Frank defends trans-exclusive Employment Non-Discrimination Act, The Bilerico Project, September 28, 2007.
 The Republicans' Democracy Disorder , In These Times, 2006-02-04
 Congressman Barney Frank: A Buzzflash Interview , Buzzflash, July 22, 2003
 Monumentally Frank: Interview with Massachusetts Congressman Barney Frank Metro Weekly, March 20, 2003.
 Frank Discusses U.S. Policy, Attitude Regarding Gay Rights, The Hoya, October 19, 2001.

1940 births
Living people
Gay men
Harvard University alumni
People from Bayonne, New Jersey
People from Newton, Massachusetts
LGBT people from New Jersey
LGBT politicians
Politicians from New Jersey
United States representatives from Massachusetts
US Democratic Party politicians
Neil Abercrombie (born June 26, 1938) is an American politician. He  was the 7th Governor of Hawaii from December 2010 to December 2014. Previously he was the Democratic U.S. Representative of the First Congressional District of Hawaii, which comprises urban Honolulu.

He served in Congress from 1986 to 1987 and from 1991 to 2010, when he resigned to successfully run for governor. He has also served as a state legislator and member of the Honolulu City Council.

In August 2014, he was defeated in the Hawaii Democratic primary by state senator David Ige.

Abercrombie was born on June 26, 1938 in Buffalo, New York. He has Irish, English, and German ancestry. He studied at Union College and at the University of Hawaii, Manoa. He went to schools in Hawaii with the parents of Barack Obama. Abercrombie has been married to Nancie Caraway since 1981.

References

Other websites

 State of Hawaii Office of the Governor official state website
 Neil Abercrombie For Governor  official campaign site
 Neil Abercrombie Campaign Material  by ArchivoElectoral.org

1938 births
Living people
US Democratic Party politicians
United States representatives from Hawaii
Politicians from Buffalo, New York
Governors of Hawaii
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
American sociologists
American teachers
Politicians from Honolulu
Educators from Honolulu
Educators from New York
Mario Party 9 is a party board video game for the Nintendo Wii console. It is the 12th game in the Mario Party series. It was developed by Nd Cube and published by Nintendo. It is the second and last game for the Wii (the first being Mario Party 8). It was released on March 2, 2012 in Europe, on March 8, 2012 in Australia, on March 11, 2012 in North America, on April 26, 2012 in Japan, on June 29, 2012 in Hong Kong, and on April 11 2013 in South Korea.

Gameplay

In Mario Party 9, players now move together on boards in a vehicle. The vehicle is themed towards the board. Players no longer collect coins and stars. Instead, they collect Mini Stars. Mini Stars are collected by passing by a space with them. There are also spaces with Mini Ztars, which deducts a player's Mini Star amount. Mini-games are no longer played after the end of each turn. Instead, mini-games are played by landing on a mini-game space. At the end of a mini-game, players are ranked from first to last place. Players who earn high positions earn more Mini Stars.

Seven boards are available. One of the boards must be unlocked. Boards now take a straight path. A game ends when the players go around the board once. After a game ends, the players face off against a boss. Each board has a different boss.

Twelve characters are available to play as. Two of the characters must be unlocked in Solo Mode.

References

Other websites
Mario Party 9 North American official website 

2012 video games
Mario Party games
Wii games
Wii-only games
Phillip Bruns (May 2, 1931 – February 8, 2012) was an American actor and writer who was known for his role as George Shumway in Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman.

Bruns was born on May 2, 1931 in Pipestone, Minnesota. He was married to Laurie Franks from until his death in 2012. Bruns died on February 8, 2012 in Los Angeles, California from natural causes, aged 80.

References

Other websites

Phil Bruns; findagrave.com

1931 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from Minnesota
Writers from Minnesota
Ron Leibman (October 11, 1937 – December 6, 2019) was an American actor and educator. He was known for his role as Dr. Leonard Green in the famous comedy sitcom Friends. He won an Drama Desk Award in 1993, an Emmy Award in 1979, and an Tony Award in 1993 for his role as Roy Cohn in Angels in America.

Leibman was born on October 11, 1937 in New York City, New York. He studied at Ohio Wesleyan University. Leibman was married to Linda Lavin from 1969 until they divorced in 1981. He married to Jessica Walter from 1983 until 2019.

Leibman died from pneumonia-related problems in New York City on December 6, 2019, at age 82.

References

Other websites
 
 Ron Leibman at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection 
The New School for Drama

1937 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Educators from New York City
Drama Desk Award winners
Tony Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Will Keith "W.K." Kellogg (April 7, 1860 – October 6, 1951) was an American industrialist in food manufacturing, best known as the founder of the Kellogg Company. His brother was John Harvey Kellogg.

Kellogg was born on April 7, 1860 in Battle Creek, Michigan. He was married to Ella Osborn Davis from 1880 until her death in 1912. They had five children. Then he was married to Carrie Staines from 1918 until her death in 1948. Kellogg died on October 6, 1951 in Battle Creek, Michigan from heart failure, aged 91.

References

Other websites
Genealogy wiki 

1860 births
1951 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
People with foods named after them
Businesspeople from Michigan
Chief executives
People from Battle Creek, Michigan
History of mathematics is how mathematics has developed over time. Early maths by Babylonians and Egyptians was built upon by Greeks such as Euclid, Archimedes, Pythagoras and Eratosthenes. Other important figures include Fibonacci, Descartes, Leonhard Euler, Blaise Pascal and Gauss.

Related pages 
Principia Mathematica

Mathematics

as:গণিত#গণিতৰ ইতিহাস
John Harvey Kellogg (February 26, 1852 – December 14, 1943) was an American medical doctor. He and his brother, Will Keith Kellogg, invented corn flakes.

Kellogg was born on February 26, 1852 in Battle Creek, Michigan. He studied at New York University. Kellogg was married to Ella Ervilla Eaton from 1879 until her death in 1920. They adopted seven children. Kellogg died on December 14, 1943 in Battle Creek, Michigan from an illness, aged 91.

References

Other websites

Photo Gallery (1000+ images) related to Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and the Battle Creek Sanitarium 

Etext of Plain Facts For Old And Young 

Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and Battle Creek Foods: Work with Soy from the Soy foods Center
 Dr. John Harvey Kellogg from the Battle Creek Historical Society

1852 births
1943 deaths
People with foods named after them
Businesspeople from Michigan
Chief executives
People from Battle Creek, Michigan
The Studebaker Corporation was an American company in South Bend, Indiana that built automobiles.  It started in 1852 making wagons, at that time it was named Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company.  Later they started making cars and then pickups.  In 1966 they went out of business.

History 

At first, Studebaker built horse wagons used by farmers, miners and the military.  In 1902 they started making electric vehicles and in 1904 they started making gasoline vehicles.  At first they worked with other companies to make the vehicles, but starting in 1912 they made the whole car by themselves.  For fifty years they made many cars that worked well and had interesting shapes.  But the cars cost a lot of money and after some years of troubles, the company shut down in 1966.

Models 

Cars
 Hawk
 Lark
 Avanti
 many others

Trucks
 Transtar
 Champ
 others

American automobile companies
Companies based in Indiana
1852 establishments in the United States
1966 disestablishments in the United States
Defunct companies of the United States
Mamie Van Doren (born Joan Lucille Olander; February 6, 1931) is an American actress and model. She acts primarily in movies. She is also a singer. Her many movies include Untamed Youth (1957). Many times, she would play a bad girl within her movies. Van Doren has been oftentimes compared against other blonde actresses, in particular, Marilyn Monroe. Mamie was born in Rowena, South Dakota.

Background 
In 1946, Doren began working at the Pantages Theatre as an usher in Hollywood. Where in the following year, she had a part on an early television series. She sang with Ted Fio Rito's band and entered several beauty contests. 

Doren was 17 years old when she got married to Jack Newman in Santa Barbara, California, but because of his abusive nature the marriage didn't last long. Doren won the titles Miss Eight Ball and Miss Palm Springs at the age of 18 years.

References

Biography 

 

American movie actors
Models from South Dakota
1931 births
Living people
American bloggers
Gene Barry (Eugene Klass; June 14, 1919 – December 9, 2009) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in The Atomic City (1952), The War of The Worlds (1953), and Bat Masterson (1958-1961).

Barry was born on June 14, 1919 in New York City, New York to a Jewish-Russian family. He studied at Chatham Square School of Music. Barry was married to Betty Claire Kalb from 1944 until her death in 2003. They had three children, one adopted. 

Barry died on the morning of December 9, 2009 from heart failure in his home in Woodland Hills, California, aged 90.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Review of The War Of The Worlds
 Comprehensive Gene Barry Fan Page
 Gene Barry - Daily Telegraph obituary

1919 births
2009 deaths
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American musical theatre actors
American radio actors
American radio personalities
American stage actors
American television actors
American television personalities
American voice actors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from heart failure
Jewish American actors
Mehmet Cengiz Öz (born June 11, 1960, called Dr. Oz) is a Turkish-American doctor, writer, educator, and television personality. He has a television show, The Dr. Oz Show. He helps people with health and weight. Some people think he gives bad advice. He won two Emmy Awards, in 2010 and in 2011.

In November 2021, Oz announced that he was running in the 2022 U.S. Senate election in Pennsylvania as a Republican.

Öz was born on June 11, 1960 in Cleveland, Ohio to a Turkish family. He studied at Tower Hill School, at Harvard University, at Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and at University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. Öz married his wife Lisa Lemole in 1985. They have four children. He now lives in Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania.

References

Other websites

 
 Dr. Oz Show
Columbia University Department of Surgery profile

1960 births
Living people
American television personalities
Educators from Wilmington, Delaware
Writers from Wilmington, Delaware
Politicians from Wilmington, Delaware
Writers from Cleveland, Ohio
Politicians from Cleveland, Ohio
Writers from Pennsylvania
Politicians from Pennsylvania
US Republican Party politicians
Emmy Award winners
Educators from Pennsylvania
Educators from Cleveland, Ohio
Per Jimmie Åkesson (born May 17, 1979) is a Swedish politician and blogger.He has been the leader of the Sweden Democrats since 2005. In 2010 the Sweden Democrats made it into the Riksdag after the general elections.

References

1979 births
Living people
Bloggers
Swedish politicians
Swedish writers
The February 2013 nor'easter (called by The Weather Channel as Winter Storm Nemo) was a large winter storm that formed from two low pressure areas and affected the northeastern United States and eastern Canada from February 7–10, 2013. The areas affect by the storm were between Virginia and Maine. The storm had hurricane strength winds, lightning, thunder, heavy snows and blizzard conditions. Boston received almost 25 inches of snow due to this storm. New York City received almost one foot of new snow. It was Connecticut, however, that got the most. Hamden, Connecticut received almost 40 inches, while nearby cities got at least one foot. About 700,000 customers lost power.

References

2013 in the United States
2010s in Canada
Severe weather
2013 in weather
Natural disasters in the United States
Natural disasters
Natural disasters in Canada
February 2013 events
The golden pheasant (also known as the Chinese pheasant or rainbow pheasant) (Chrysolophus pictus) is a gamebird of the order Galliformes (gallinaceous birds) and the family Phasianidae. It is native to forests in mountainous areas of western China, but feral populations have been established in the United Kingdom and elsewhere.

Sources

Birds of China
A Hamiltonian path is a path in a graph which contains each vertex of the graph exactly once. A Hamiltonian cycle is a Hamiltonian path, which is also a cycle. Knowing whether such a path exists in a graph, as well as finding it is a fundamental problem of graph theory. It is much more difficult than finding an Eulerian path, which contains each edge exactly once. The problem of finding a Hamiltonian path is NP-complete. There are two classes of graphs: directed and undirected graphs. In directed graphs, an edge can only be travelled in one direction, in undirected graphs it can be travelled in both directions. The Travelling Salesman Problem is an instance of this problem. Its task is to find the shortest Hamiltonian cycle, usually in a directed graph, with weight (or distances) attached to the edges. 

Hamiltonian paths  and cycles and cycle paths are named after William Rowan Hamilton who invented the Icosian game. This game is also known as Hamilton's puzzle. It involves finding a Hamiltonian cycle in the edge graph of the dodecahedron.  Hamilton solved this problem using the Icosian Calculus, an algebraic structure based on roots of unity with many similarities to the quaternions (also invented by Hamilton).  This solution does not generalize to arbitrary graphs. However, despite being named after Hamilton, Hamiltonian cycles in polyhedra had also been studied a year earlier by Thomas Kirkman.

References

Computer science
Graph theory
Tracy Chapman (born March 30, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter. She was born in Cleveland in Ohio. She has won four Grammy Awards.

Her most famous songs are "Fast Car" and "Give Me One Reason" that went top of the charts in Canada. They also did really well in the Billboard charts (United States). She has published a total of 8 albums.

She is a feminist. She has never said publicly what her sexuality is, but she dated Alice Walker in the mid 1990s.

Notes

Other websites 

 Official website
 

African American musicians
American feminists
American guitarists
American singer-songwriters
Brit Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Singers from Cleveland, Ohio
1964 births
Living people
Roman dodecahedron is the name for dodecahedra which were found in Europe. In total, over hundred such objects were found in all European parts of the Roman Empire. They date from the second or third century CE, and were made of bronze or stone.  They are hollow, and each of the twelve pentangular faces has a hole in it. Most of these were found on the territories of modern-day France and Germany, but some were also found in Hungary and Great Britain. They are between  and  in size.

The function or use of the dodecahedra remains a mystery; no mention of them has been found in texts or pictures of the time. Speculated uses include candlestick holders (wax was found inside one example); dice; survey instruments; devices for determining the optimal  sowing date for winter grain; that they were used to calibrate water pipes; and army standard bases. It has also been suggested that they may have been religious artifacts of some kind. This speculation is based on the fact that most of the examples have been found in Gallo-Roman sites.

Notes

References

Other websites

 Roman Dodecahedra (also includes one Roman icosahedron)
 "History Mystery: Ancient Dodecahedron's Purpose Remains Secret" by Alexandria Hein, Fox News, June 10, 2011
Mysteries
Ancient Rome
In mathematics, the gamma function (Γ(z)) is a key topic in the field of special functions. Γ(z) is an extension of the factorial function to all complex numbers except negative integers. For positive integers, it is defined as 

The gamma function is defined for all complex numbers, but it is not defined for negative integers and zero. For a complex number whose real part is not a negative integer, the function is defined by:

Properties

Particular values 
Some particular values of the gamma function are:

Pi function
Gauss introduced the Pi function. This is another way of denoting the gamma function. In terms of the gamma function, the Pi function is

so that

for every non-negative integer n.

Applications

Analytic number theory

The gamma function is used to study the Riemann zeta function. A property of the Riemann zeta function is its functional equation:

Bernhard Riemann found a relation between these two functions. This was published in his 1859 paper "Über die Anzahl der Primzahlen unter einer gegebenen Grösse" ("On the Number of Prime Numbers less than a Given Quantity")

Related pages 

 Gamma distribution

Notes

References 
 Milton Abramowitz and Irene A. Stegun, eds. Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables. New York: Dover, 1972. (See Chapter 6)
 
 Emil Artin, "The Gamma Function", in Rosen, Michael (ed.) Exposition by Emil Artin: a selection; History of Mathematics 30. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (2006).
 
 P. E. Böhmer, ´´Differenzengleichungen und bestimmte Integrale´´, Köhler Verlag, Leipzig, 1939.
 
 Philip J. Davis, "Leonhard Euler's Integral: A Historical Profile of the Gamma Function," American Mathematical Monthly 66, 849-869 (1959)
 
 O. R. Rocktaeschel, ´´Methoden zur Berechnung der Gammafunktion für komplexes Argument``, University of Dresden, Dresden, 1922.
 
 

Recursion
Functions and mappings
The farthing was a coin of the Kingdom of England. It was worth one quarter of a penny, or  of a pound sterling. The word 'farthing' is derived from the Anglo-Saxon feorthing. It means a fourthling or fourth part. The Anglo-Saxon word was probably derived from the Old Norse, fjorthungr meaning a "quarter". 

Such coins were first minted in England in silver in the 13th century. They were used until 1707, when the Kingdom of England was taken over by Scottish King, King James that united The British mainland United Kingdom of Great Britain. Early farthings were silver. The farthing was small (only 10 millimeters in diameter) and very light (slightly more than 0.4 gram). Surviving examples are rare. The first copper farthings were issued during the reign of King James I.  In the late 17th century the English farthing was also minted in tin. 

In 1953, the British farthing's low value forced its last minting. A Londoner complained of abusive vendors when he tried to offer the coin for purchases. The coin ceased to be legal tender on 1 January 1961.

References

British currency
Adele Emeli Sandé MBE best known as Emeli Sandé (born 10 March 1987) is a British singer and songwriter. She was born in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear to an English mother and Zambian father. She was raised in Alford, Aberdeenshire. She became famous after writing many songs for artists like Rihanna, Leona Lewis and Susan Boyle. 

In 2010 she singed a contract with EMI. She then released two singles, "Read All About It" and "Beneath Your Beautiful", which went on top of the British charts. In 2012 she won the Brits Critics Choice award. Her first album, Our Version of Events, was very successful, selling more than 100,000 copies in the first week. It was the best-selling album in the UK of 2012. She performed at the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympics.

In 2013 she won two BRIT Awards, one for Best Female Artist and one for Best Album.

On 24 February 2014, she released her second EP, Who Needs The World? EP.
Her next album will be released in summer 2014.

Personal life 
Sandé married Adam Gouraguine in Montenegro in 2012. They later divorced in 2014.

References

Other websites 
Official website

1987 births
Living people
Brit Award winners
British singer-songwriters
Musicians from Tyne and Wear
People from Sunderland
Philips is a Dutch electronics company. It was founded by Gerard and Frederik Philips in 1891. It employs about 120,000 people in 60 countries.

Other websites 

 

1891 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in the Netherlands
Technology companies of Europe
Companies of the Netherlands
Eindhoven
Major David John Croft OBE (David John Andrew Sharland, September 7, 1922 – September 27, 2011) was an English writer, producer, and director. He created the BBC television sitcom Dad's Army.

Croft was born on September 7, 1922 in Sandbanks, Poole, Dorset, England. He studied at the Rugby School and at Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Croft was married to Ann Callender from 1952 until his death in 2011. They had seven children. Croft died on September 27, 2011 in his home in Tavira, Algarve, Portugal from natural causes, aged 89.

References

Other websites
Official homepage

List of works at the BBC Guide to Comedy 
David Croft's appearance on This Is Your Life
Biography at UKTV
Obituary of David Croft, The Daily Telegraph, 27 September 2011
Obituary of David Croft, The Guardian, 27 September 2011

1922 births
2011 deaths
English television directors
English television producers
English television writers
Deaths from natural causes
People from Poole
Writers from Dorset
Tertullian (160-225) was an early Christian writer from Carthage.
Though conservative in his worldview, Tertullian originated new theological concepts and advanced the development of early Church doctrine. He is perhaps most famous for being the first writer in Latin known to use the term trinity (Latin: trinitas). According to The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "Tertullian's trinity [is] not a triune God, but rather a triad or group of three, with God as the founding member".[13] A similar word had been used earlier in Greek,[a] though Tertullian gives the oldest extant use of the terminology as later incorporated into the Nicene Creed at the Second Ecumenical Council, the First Council of Constantinople in 381 AD, or as the Athanasian Creed, or both.[14] Other Latin formulations that first appear in his work are "One God, three persons, one substance" as the Latin "tres personae, una substantia", ('consubstantial', in English), itself from the Koine Greek "treis hypostases, homoousioi").[12] Influenced by Stoic philosophy, the "substance" of Tertullian, however, was a material substance that did not refer to a single God, but to the sharing of the divine substance of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.[13] He wrote his understanding of the three members of the trinity after becoming a Montanist.[12]

Other websites
Tertullian Project

Christian writers
160 births
225 deaths
Beautiful Creatures is a 2013 American romantic-fantasy drama set in South Carolina. It stars Emmy Rossum, Viola Davis and Emma Thompson. Thompson plays Mrs. Lincoln and Sarafine. Beautiful Creatures was released on February 14, 2013 for the United States. Jeremy Irons also stars. The film is based on the novel of the same name by Kami Garcia and Margaret Stohl.

2013 drama movies
2013 romance movies
2010s fantasy movies
2010s romantic drama movies
2010s teen drama movies
2010s teen romance movies
2010s American fantasy movies
American romantic drama movies
American teen drama movies
American teen romance movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
South Carolina