cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Rabbi Yehuda Herzl Henkin (1945 – December 24, 2020) was an Israeli rabbi and modern orthodox posek. He was born in Jerusalem. Henkin was the founder and head of Nishmat, the Institute for Advanced Jewish Studies for Women.

Henkin died in Jerusalem on December 24, 2020 at the age of 75.

References

1945 births
2020 deaths
Israeli rabbis
Israeli Jews
People from Jerusalem
B.J. Marsh (February 21, 1940 – December 24, 2020) was an American politician and businessman. He was a member of the Missouri House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and 1988 to 1992. He was a member of the Republican Party. Marsh was born in Dade County, Missouri.

Marsh died on December 24, 2020 in Springfield, Missouri from problems caused by COVID-19. He was 80 years old.

References

1940 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Missouri
Businesspeople from Missouri
US Republican Party politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Pir Noor Muhammad Shah Jeelani (; 15 September 1951 – 24 December 2020) was a Pakistani politician. He was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 until his death. He was also a member of the assembly from June 2013 to May 2018. Jeelani was a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party.

Jeelani died in Karachi on 24 December 2020, at age 66, from COVID-19, during the pandemic in Pakistan.

References

2020 deaths
1951 births
Pakistani politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan
The Irawaddy frog ("Hylarana" margariana) is a frog from Myanmar.

Scientists are not sure which genus this frog should be in. That is why they write "Hylarana" in quotation marks instead of just Hylarana margariana.

References

Animals of Asia
Frogs
Benhur L. Salimbangon (June 3, 1945 – December 24, 2020) was a Filipino politician. He was a member of KAMPI and the One Cebu party. Salimbangon was a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 2007 until 2019. He was born in Cebu City.

Salimbangon died on 24 December 2020 in Cebu City from cancer, aged 75.

References

1945 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from cancer
Filipino politicians
Mojmir Sepe (11 July 1930 – 24 December 2020) was a Slovenian composer, conductor, arranger and trumpeter. His career began in 1950. Sepe was born in Jazbina, Črna na Koroškem, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He composed two Eurovision songs: "Brez besed" (1966) and "Pridi, dala ti bom cvet" (1970).

Sepe died on 24 December 2020 at the age of 90.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
Slovenian writers
Composers
Conductors
Trumpeters
David Sneddon MBE (24 April 1936 – 24 December 2020) was a Scottish football player and manager. He managed Kilmarnock to their 1979 Tennent Caledonian Cup victory. Sneddon played once for the Scotland national under-23 football team in 1958.

He was awarded an MBE in 2014. 

Sneddon died on 24 December 2020 at the age of 84.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Scottish football managers
Scottish footballers
Reginald Thomas Foster  (November 14, 1939 – December 25, 2020) was an American Catholic priest and friar of the Order of Discalced Carmelites. From 1970 until his retirement in 2009, he worked in the Latin Letters section of the Secretariat of State in the Vatican.

Foster died on December 25, 2020 at the age of 81.

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
Roman Catholic priests
American Roman Catholics
Writers from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Milena "Milka" Babović (27 October 1928 – 26 December 2020) was a Croatian sprint and hurdles runner and journalist. Babović was born in Skopje and grew up in Sarajevo, but moved to Ruma and Belgrade. She came in fifth place at the 1954 European Championships. 

She was a journalist for Narodni sport. She was a multiple-time president of the sport journalist section of the Croatian Journalist Association and was a member of the Yugoslav Olympic Committee.

Babović died of COVID-19 in Zagreb on 26 December 2020 at the age of 92.

References

1928 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia
Croatian writers
Female athletes
Journalists
People from Skopje
Sprinters
Brian Arthur Roland Binley (1 April 1942 – December 2020) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Northampton South from 2005 to 2015. Binley was born in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire.

Binley died in December 2020 at the age of 78.

References

1942 births
2020 deaths
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
Former Conservative Party (UK) MPs
People from Northamptonshire
George Blake ( Behar; 11 November 1922 – 26 December 2020) was a British spy. He worked as a double agent for the Soviet Union. He became a Communist and decided to work for the KGB while a prisoner during the Korean War. 

His crimes as a double agent was discovered in 1961 and sentenced to 42 years in prison. He escaped from Wormwood Scrubs prison in 1966 and fled to the Soviet Union. 

Blake died on 26 December 2020, aged 98, in Moscow.

References

1922 births
2020 deaths
British criminals
Spies
People from Rotterdam
The Cambridge Spy Ring was a group of spies in the United Kingdom that passed information to the Soviet Union during and after World War II. It was active from the later 1930s until at least into the early 1950s. 

None was ever prosecuted for spying. The number and membership of the ring became public slowly, since the 1950s. Their most damaging achievement was to pass information about the Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union.
The sudden flight of Donald Maclean (cryptonym: Homer) and Guy Burgess (cryptonym: Hicks) to the Soviet Union in 1951 was the first public news. 

In 1961, defector Anatoliy Golitsyn provided information which pointed to Kim Philby. Philby (cryptonyms: Sonny, Stanley), fled the country in 1963. He spent the rest of his life in Moscow.

After Philby's flight, British intelligence got confessions from Anthony Blunt (cryptonyms: Tony, Johnson) and then John Cairncross (cryptonym: Liszt), who were the last two of a group of five. Their involvement was kept secret for many years: until 1979 for Blunt, and 1990 for Cairncross.  

The group became known as the Cambridge Five. All five spies met as students or teachers at Cambridge University.

References

Spies
World War II
Cold War
1940s in England
1950s in the United Kingdom
University of Cambridge
Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907 – 26 March 1983), styled Sir Anthony Blunt KCVO from 1956 to 1979, was a British art historian and spy. In 1964, he confessed to having been a spy for the Soviet Union and was part of the spy group the Cambridge Five.

Blunt was the "fourth man" of the Cambridge Five, a group of Cambridge-educated spies working for the Soviet Union from some time in the 1930s to at least the early 1950s. 

The height of his spying was during World War II, when he passed intelligence to the Soviet Union. His confession was a closely guarded secret for years. It was revealed by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in November 1979. He was stripped of his knighthood immediately.

Blunt was professor of art history at the University of London, director of the Courtauld Institute of Art, and Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures.

References

1907 births
1983 deaths
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British historians
British military personnel of World War II
Deaths from myocardial infarction
English LGBT people
Gay men
LGBT academics
People from Bournemouth
Spies
Writers from Hampshire
Chic McLelland (24 March 1953 – 26 December 2020) was a Scottish football player and manager. He played for Aberdeen, Motherwell, Dundee and Montrose. His playing career lasted from 1973 to 1990. His managing career lasted from 1990 to 1991.

McLelland was born in Glasgow. He died on 26 December 2020 at the age of 63.

References

1953 births
2020 deaths
Scottish footballers
Scottish football managers
Sportspeople from Glasgow
Nomvuzo Francisca Shabalala (1960 – 26 December 2020) was a South African politician. She was a member of the African National Congress and the South African Communist Party. From 2011 to 2016 she was the deputy mayor of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality. In 2018, Shabalala was elected a member of the National Assembly.

Shabalala died on 26 December 2020 at the age of 60. The cause of death was problems caused by COVID-19.

References

1960 births
2020 deaths
South African politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa
Kadambur R. Janarthanan (22 October 1929 – 26 December 2020) was an Indian politician and trade unionist. He was born in Tamil Nadu, India. He was first elected to the Lok Sabha in 1984. He left the parliament in 1996 only to serve again from 1998 to 1999.

Janarthanan died on 26 December 2020 at the age of 91.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
Indian politicians
Indian businesspeople
Trade unionists
The Leader of the Opposition is an informal term given to the leader of the largest party not in government in the Scottish Parliament. Since 11 August 2020, this has been Ruth Davidson  of the Scottish Conservative Party.

List of Leaders of the Opposition in the Scottish Parliament 
 Alex Salmond (Scottish National Party) - 12 May 1999 - 26 September 2000
 John Swinney (Scottish National Party) - 26 September 2000 - 3 September 2004 
 Nicola Sturgeon (Scottish National Party) - 3 September 2004 - 17 May 2007
 Jack McConnell (Scottish Labour Party) - 17 May 2007 - 15 August 2007
 Cathy Jamieson (Scottish Labour Party) - 15 August 2007 - 14 September 2007
 Wendy Alexander (Scottish Labour Party) - 14 September 2007 - 28 June 2008
 Cathy Jamieson (Scottish Labour Party) - 28 June 2008 - 14 September 2008
 Iain Gray (Scottish Labour Party) - 13 September 2008 - 17 December 2011
 Johann Lamont (Scottish Labour Party) - 17 December 2011 - 24 October 2014
 Jackie Baillie (Scottish Labour Party) - 24 October 2014 - 13 December 2014
 Kezia Dugdale (Scottish Labour Party) - 13 December 2014 - 13 June 2015
 Iain Gray – (Scottish Labour Party) – 13 June 2015 – 15 August 2015
 Kezia Dugdale (Scottish Labour Party) – 15 August 2015 – 6 May 2016
 Ruth Davidson (Scottish Conservative Party) – 6 May 2016 - 15 September 2018
 Jackson Carlaw (Scottish Conservative Party) – 15 September 2018 – 3 May 2019
 Ruth Davidson (Scottish Conservative Party) – 3 May 2019 – 29 August 2019
 Jackson Carlaw (Scottish Conservative Party) – 29 August 2019 – 30 July 2020
 Ruth Davidson (Scottish Conservative Party) – 11 August 2020 – present

References

Scotland
Scottish politicians
Ruma () is a town and municipality in the Srem District of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2011, 30,076 people lived there.

References

Settlements in Serbia
Rastamouse is a British animated program on CBeebies.

The show was created in 2011.

References 

British television
Turn or Turn: Washington's Spies is an American television show. It is set during the American Revolutionary War.  It is about the spies and the beginning of espionage.  It was on television for four seasons.  It started in 2014.

Development

Turn is based on the Culper Ring, real spies from the Revolutionary War.  The television show was based on the book Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring, by Alexander Rose.  The book is not fiction.  Rose is one of the show's producers and writers.

Story

A cabbage farmer named Abraham Woodhull (Jaime Bell) and his friends become spies for George Washington (Ian  Kahn).  The story covers the British plan to use counterfeit money, the time Benedict Arnold changed sides, and the execution of John André.

Setting

Much of the story takes place on Long Island in New York.  It also shows other parts of the American colonies, including Manhattan, Philadelphia, and West Point.

Accuracy
According to Long Island historian Margo Arceri, the show is "about 70 percent inaccurate."

Results

Because of the television show, more tourists came to Long Island.  Many of the buildings where the real Culper Ring spies worked are still there.

Related pages
Culper ring

References

Other websites
Turn on IMDB

2014 American television series debuts
2017 American television series endings
2010s American drama television series
Spy television series
English-language television programs
Kashubian Americans are Americans of Kashubian descent. The two earliest Kashubian American settlements in the United States were located around Winona, Minnesota, and Portage County, Wisconsin, which are across the Mississippi River from each other.

References

Ethnic groups in the United States
Liechtensteiner Americans are Americans of Liechtensteiner descent.

History 
The first Liechtensteiner emigrants of which have record emigrated in United States in the early 1830s. However, first great wave of Liechtensteiner emigrants arrived to the United States on April 7, 1851, settling in New Orleans; and in 1852 other group emigrated to Dubuque, Iowa (including stonemasons, bricklayers and carpenters). Eventually, many of the Liechtensteiner emigrants of Dubuque left the city and got farms nearby. However, the Liechtensteiner emigration was reduced during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Later, when the construction of railroads began "lying the country together and opening up the West", other Liechtensteiners emigrated to United States to work in the construction of railroads.

During the following decades, many other Liechtensteiners emigrated to places such as Guttenberg, Iowa and Wabash, Indiana. However, between 1885 and 1907, Liechtensteiner emigration slowed, limited to a few individuals and families. Less than 30 Liechtensteiners emigrated during that period to United States. Reducing migration was due to the large increase in economic activity from the establishment of first textile factories in the 1880s.

The First World War caused an economic crisis in Liechtenstein (which originated, among other things, because the Entente allies stopped the "import of raw materials" into the country and the "massive speculation by the national bank"), so the Liechtenstein emigration to United States was retaken. Most of the new Liechtensteiner emigrants settled in urban areas, especially in Chicago and Hammond, Indiana, but there were Liechtensteiners throughout the country.

After the Second World War, a few more Liechtensteiners emigrated to the United States, the largest number arriving in 1948, when fifteen individuals or families came to this country. The reduction of the Liechtenstein emigration was due to improvements in economic conditions of Liechtenstein.

References

Ethnic groups in the United States
Luxembourgish Americans  are Americans of Luxembourgish ancestry. According to the United States' 2000 Census, there were 45,139 Americans of full or partial Luxembourgish descent. In 1940 the number of Americans with Luxembourgish ancestry was around 100,000.

References

Ethnic groups in the United States
The Cajuns, also known as Acadians, are an ethnic group mainly living in the U.S. states of Louisiana and Texas, and in the Canadian maritimes providences consisting in part of the descendants of the original Acadian exiles-French-speakers from Acadia in what are now The Maritimes of Eastern Canada.

References 

Ethnic groups in the United States
Ina Rosenberg Garten (pronounced EYE-nuh; born February 2, 1948) is an American author and host of the Food Network show Barefoot Contessa. She was a staff member of the White House Office of Management and Budget. Garten has a number of best-selling cookbooks, magazine products and a popular Food Network television show.

Garten was born in Brooklyn, New York.

Works

Books 
 The Barefoot Contessa Cookbook (1999), Clarkson Potter,  
 Barefoot Contessa Parties! Ideas and Recipes For Easy Parties That Are Really Fun (2001)
 Barefoot Contessa Family Style: Easy Ideas and Recipes That Make Everyone Feel Like Family (2002)
 Barefoot in Paris: Easy French Food You Can Make at Home (2004)
 Barefoot Contessa at Home: Everyday Recipes You'll Make Over and Over Again (2006)
 Barefoot Contessa Back to Basics: Fabulous Flavor from Simple Ingredients Clarkson Potter. 2008. .
 Barefoot Contessa: How Easy Is That? Clarkson Potter. 2010. .
 
 
 Cooking for Jeffrey: A Barefoot Contessa Cookbook Clarkson Potter. 2016.

Magazine columns 
 "Entertaining is Fun!" (Martha Stewart Living 1999–present)
 "Entertaining." (O, The Oprah Magazine 2003–present)
 "Ask the Barefoot Contessa." (House Beautiful 2006–present)

Television 
 From Martha's Kitchen: Ina Garten's Kitchen Clambake (2000)
 Barefoot Contessa (2002–present)
 Chefography (2006-2010)
 30 Rock (2010-2011)

References

1948 births
American television personalities
Writers from Brooklyn
Living people
On December 25, 2020, a recreational vehicle (RV) exploded in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, United States, injuring three people and damaging many buildings. 

Human remains were found at the site of the explosion. The explosion took place at 166 Second Avenue North between Church Street and Commerce Street at 6:30 am.

Many people heard gunshots, and loudspeakers on the vehicle telling people to evacuate before the explosion happened. 

The explosion was felt many miles away from the crime site. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is leading the investigation. 

Authorities said the next day that the attack was likely a suicide bombing. The FBI named a 63-year-old man as a person of interest in the investigation. The FBI searched his home in Nashville on December 26. However it was later confirmed that the perpetrator of the bombing, Anthony Quinn Warner, was killed in the explosion.

References

2020 crimes
2020 in the United States
2020s in Tennessee
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 2020s
Building bombings in the United States
December 2020 events
Explosions in 2020
2020 bombing
Suicide bombings in the 2020s
Suicide car and truck bombings
Suicide in 2020
William D. "Bill" Magee (June 21, 1939 – December 24, 2020) was an American Democratic politician. He was a  member of the New York State Assembly, who represented the 121st Assembly District from 1991 until 2018. He was born in Oneida, New York. He was also a businessman.

Magee died on December 24, 2020 in Nelson, New York at the age of 81.

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from New York
Businesspeople from New York
Wampsville is a village found inside the Town of Lenox in Madison County, New York. About 543 people lived here as of the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Madison County.

References

Villages in New York
County seats in New York
Lenox is a town in Madison County, New York, United States. 9,112 lived here as of the 2010 census.

References

Towns in New York
Nelson is a town in Madison County, New York, United States. About 1,980 people lived here at the 2010 census.

References

Towns in New York
Amit Mitra (born 20 December 1947) is an Indian economist and politician. He is a member of the All India Trinamool Congress and the current Finance, Commerce & Industries Minister of the government of Indian state of West Bengal.

He is the current MLA in the West Bengal state assembly from the Khardaha state assembly constituency. He was awarded Padma Shri at 2007. He beat Asim Dasgupta, the ex-West Bengal Finance Minister.

He was the Secretary general of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI).

References

1947 births
Living people
Indian politicians
Indian businesspeople
Indian economists
People from Kolkata
Barry Holstun Lopez (January 6, 1945December 25, 2020) was an American writer. He won the National Book Award for Nonfiction for Arctic Dreams (1986) and his Of Wolves and Men (1978) was a National Book Award finalist.

Lopez died on December 25, 2020 from prostate cancer in Eugene, Oregon at the age of 75.

References

1945 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
American novelists
American essayists
Writers from New York
American environmentalists
Sunil Kothari (20 December 1933 – 27 December 2020) was an Indian dance historian, scholar and critic. He was a professor at Ravindra Bharti University in Kolkata. He started his career with The Times of India. He also taught at Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics. In 2001, he was honored with the Padma Shri.

Kothari died on 27 December 2020 from cardiac arrest in Kolkata, one week after his 87th birthday.

References

1933 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Indian historians
Indian educators
Critics
Indian journalists
Nicolas Hénard (born 16 September 1964 in Calais) is a French skipper. He is the current president of the French Sailing Federation.

1964 births
French Olympians
Sailors
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists
People from Hauts-de-France
Living people
One Blackfriars is a skyscraper in London located at No. 1 Blackfriars Road in Bankside. It has 52 floors and 274 apartments, a hotel and retail shops. The building is  tall. It is also known as The Vase or The Boomerang due to its shape.

Design 
The shape was inspired by the shape of glass vase Lansetti designed by Timo Sarpaneva in 1952.

Construction 
Construction of the tower started in 2013. It includes 13 studio houses, 78 one bedroom houses, 120 two bedroom houses, 56 three bedroom houses, 6 four bedroom houses and 1 three apartment house. The tower was finished in 2019.

References 

Skyscrapers in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in London
Peter Chelsom (born 20 April 1956) is a British movie director, screenwriter, and actor. He has directed the movies Hector and the Search for Happiness, Serendipity, and Shall We Dance?

References

1956 births
Living people
British movie directors
British screenwriters
British movie actors
Actors from Lancashire
Writers from Lancashire
People from Blackpool
A Cooper pair is a pair of free electrons within a solid that act together as one quasiparticle and in large numbers  give rise to superconductivity.

Physicists explain superconductivity by describing what happens when temperatures get cold. The thermal energy in a solid or liquid shakes the atoms so they randomly vibrate, but this gets less as the temperature drops. Electrons carry the same negative electric charge which makes them repel each other. At higher temperatures each unbound electron behaves as if it were a free particle. There is also however a very weak attraction between electrons when they are in any solid or liquid. This is due to the way bound electrons distort the spacing of the atomic structure they find themselves in. At relatively rather large distances (many hundreds of nanometers apart) and low temperatures (near absolute zero), the attractive effect and lack of thermal energy allows pairs of electrons to hang together. This is called a cooper pair and it is a quasiparticle, that is it acts as if it were a new kind of particle in its own right even though it is made up of two fundamental electrons. 

Many overlapping cooper pairs can exist in the same nanometer sized space. Since paired electrons constitute a boson the motions of all of the cooper pairs within a single superconductor synchronise and they function as if they are a single entity. This is known as the Bose–Einstein condensation. The Cooper pairs  form this condensate, which is superfluid or super-conducting.  Small disturbances such as scattering of electrons are forbidden in this state  as long as the temperature remains low.  It moves as one showing no resistance to its motion. It is hence now a superconductor.

Physics
Sergio Pintor (16 November 1937 – 27 December 2020) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate. He was an Diocesan Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ozieri from 2006 to 2012. Pintor was born in Oristano, Italy. In 1961, he became a priest.

Pintor died on 27 December 2020 in Ozieri, Italy at the age of 83.

References

1937 births
2020 deaths
Italian Roman Catholics
Roman Catholic bishops
Roman Catholic priests
The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party ( ; PSOE ) is a social-democratic political party in Spain. The PSOE has been in government for a longer time than any other political party in modern democratic Spain.

The party was in charge of the Spanish government from 1982 to 1996 under Felipe González; from 2004 to 2011 under José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero; and currently since 2018 under Pedro Sánchez.

The PSOE was founded in 1879, making it the oldest party currently active in Spain. When it was founded, it was a Marxist party, however they stopped supporting Marxism in 1979.

References

19th-century establishments in Spain
1879 establishments in Europe
Political parties in Spain
Cabra is a town in Córdoba province, Andalusia, Spain. About 20,940 lived here in 2005.

References

Towns in Spain
Municipalities in Andalusia
The next Spanish general election will be held no later than Sunday 10 December 2023, to elect the 15th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies will be up for election, as well as 208 of 265 seats in the Senate.

Polling

References

21st century in Spain
21st-century elections
General elections
Elections in Spain
A happiness pump is an idea in philosophy.  A happiness pump is someone who will do anything to make other people happy even if it makes them very unhappy themselves.  They have turned themselves into a machine (a "pump") that makes happiness.

The happiness pump is a way of showing problems in utilitarianism.  Utilitarianism is a moral philosophy.  It is a way of deciding which actions are good and which are bad.  In utilitarianism, actions that make more happiness or stop pain are good.  Actions that stop happiness or make pain are bad.  In utilitarianism, it does not matter who is becoming happier or feeling less pain.  That means that, in utilitarianism, helping strangers is good.  The happiness pump is a person who has taken utilitarianism too far and will give themselves lots of pain so long as they believe it makes other people somewhere in the world much happier.

The happiness pump is only an idea.  Philosopher Joshua David Greene says it is almost impossible to be a happiness pump for real.  People who even tried would give up.

In popular culture

A happiness pump character is on one episode of the television show The Good Place.

Other pages
Thought experiment

References

Philosophy
The April 2019 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 28 April 2019, to elect the 13th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 266 seats in the Senate.

With a turnout of 71.8%, the controlling party PSOE of Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez won a victory—the first for the party in a nationwide election in eleven years—with 28.7% of the vote and 123 seats. In the Senate, the PSOE became the largest party in the chamber for the first time since 1995, winning its first majority of seats in that chamber since the 1989 election. 

However, no party won an outright majority and the top three winners of this race had the option for a coalition government. To prevent this, Prime Minister Sánchez ordered a new election to be held seven months later.

Notelist

References

April 2019 events
2010s in Spain
2019 elections in Europe
General elections
Elections in Spain
The November 2019 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 10 November 2019, to elect the 14th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 265 seats in the Senate.

Voter turnout was the lowest since 1975. The opposition party People's Party (PP) won a few seats while the far-right Vox party won many seats, taking away from the Citizens (Cs). 

However, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party won the majority of the seats and popular vote and formed a coalition government with the Unidas Podemos party.

Notes

References

November 2019 events
2010s in Spain
2019 elections in Europe
General elections
Elections in Spain
Oriol Junqueras i Vies (; born 11 April 1969) is a Spanish politician, historian and academic.

He was mayor of Sant Vicenç dels Horts. He was Vice President of Catalonia from January 2016 to October 2017. He is president of the Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC).

References

1969 births
Living people
Spanish historians
Politicians from Barcelona
MEPs for Spain
Academics
Former MEPs
Southeast Brazil (Portuguese: Sudeste Do Brasil) is one of five official regions in Brazil.  It borders South Brazil, Center-West Brazil, and Northeast Brazil.  It makes 60% of Brazil's gross domestic product.  Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro,  Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo  are all in Southeast Brazil.

References

Regions of Brazil
Tom and Jerry: The Movie is an 1993 German-American animated comedy-adventure musical family movie directed by Phil Roman produced by Film Roman and Turner Entertainment, distributed by Miramax Films, released in Germany by October 1, 1992 and United States on July 30, 1993. as the first film's installment of the Tom and Jerry Movie trilogy, with few direct-to-video sequels then.

Voice cast 
 Richard Kind as Tom Cat
 Dana Hill as Jerry Mouse
 Anndi McAfee as Robyn Starling
 Ed Gilbert as Puggsy
 David Lander as Frankie Da Flea
 Charlotte Rae as Aunt Pristine Figg 
 Tony Jay as Lickboot
 Rip Taylor as Captain Kiddie
 Howard Morris as Squawk
 Henry Gibson as Dr. Applecheek
 Michael Bell as Ferdinand, Straycatcher 1/Larry
 Sydney Lassick as Straycatcher 2/Sid
 Don Messick as Droopy
Additional voices include Raymond McLeod as Bulldog, Alley Cat 1, Scott Wohjahn as Alley Cat 3, Mitchell D. Moore as Alley Cat 2, Greg Burson, BJ Ward, Tino Insana.

1993 comedy movies
1990s adventure movies
German movies
English-language movies
1993 movies
American animated movies
Movies based on TV series
Movies set in the 1990s
Miramax movies
1990s comedy movies
Tom and Jerry
Tom and Jerry movies
Beyond the Forest is a 1949 American crime drama movie directed by King Vidor and was based on the novel of the same name by Stuart Engstrand. It stars Bette Davis, Joseph Cotten, David Brian, Ruth Roman, Minor Watson, Regis Toomey and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1950.

Other websites
 
 
 

1949 crime movies
1949 drama movies
1940s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by King Vidor
Warner Bros. movies
Tostig Godwinson was a man who lived in England in the 1000s c.e.  He was the younger brother of King Harold II. He was the third son of Earl Godwine of Wessex and his Danish wife Gytha, who was the daughter of Thorkell Sprakaleg.

Tostig, his father, and his brothers were banished from England in 1051 by the Saxon King Edward the Confessor but they came back in 1052. After Earl Siward died three years later, he was appointed Earl of Northumbria, Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire.

He rebelled against Harold and fought alongside Viking forces at the battle of Stamford bridge, where he died in battle.

References

English people
The Eve of St. Mark is a 1944 American World War II fantasy movie directed by John M. Stahl and was based on the 1942 play of the same name by Maxwell Anderson. It stars Vincent Price, Harry Morgan, Ruth Nelson, Anne Baxter and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites
 
 

1944 movies
1940s war movies
1940s fantasy movies
American war movies
American fantasy movies
World War II movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by John M. Stahl
The Langbian Plateau frog  or Chantaburi Stream frog ("Hylarana" montivaga) is a frog from Vietnam and Thailand. Scientists think it may also live in Cambodia and Laos.

References

Animals of Asia
Frogs
The San Gabriel Valley is one of the main valleys in Southern California. It lies generally to the east of Los Angeles. The surrounding areas include:

 The San Gabriel Mountains to the north

 San Rafael Hills to the west

 Puente Hills to the south, with the coastal plain of Orange County beyond

 Chino Hills and San Jose Hills to the east, with the Pomona Valley and Inland Empire beyond

The San Gabriel Valley gets its name from the San Gabriel River.

Pasadena is the largest city in the valley.

Cities and communities 

The San Gabriel Valley is in Los Angeles County. The incorporated cities and unincorporated neighborhoods of the San Gabriel Valley include:

 Altadena
 Alhambra
 Arcadia
 Avocado Heights
 Azusa
 Baldwin Park
 Bassett
 Bradbury
 Charter Oak
 Citrus
 City of Industry
 Claremont
 Covina
 Diamond Bar
 Duarte
 East Pasadena
 El Monte
 Glendora
 Hacienda Heights
 Hillgrove
 Irwindale
 La Puente
 La Verne
 Los Angeles (El Sereno)
 Mayflower Village
 Monrovia
 Monterey Park
 North El Monte
 Pasadena
 Pomona
 Rosemead
 Rowland Heights
 San Dimas
 San Gabriel
 San Marino
 San Pasqual
 Sierra Madre
 South El Monte
 South Pasadena
 South San Gabriel
 South San Jose Hills
 Temple City
 Valinda
 Vincent
 Walnut
 West Covina
 West Puente Valley

References

Valleys of California
While the City Sleeps is a 1956 American crime thriller movie directed by Fritz Lang and was based on the 1953 novel The Bloody Spur by Charles Einstein. It stars Dana Andrews, Rhonda Fleming, George Sanders, Howard Duff, Thomas Mitchell, Vincent Price, John Drew Barrymore and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.

Other websites
 
 
 

1956 movies
1950s crime movies
1950s thriller movies
American crime thriller movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Fritz Lang
Movies set in New York City
Barbara Ellen Rose (June 11, 1936 – December 25, 2020) was an American art historian, art critic, curator, college professor, and filmmaker. She was born in Washington, D.C.. She wrote the screenplay for the 1977 documentary North Star: Mark di Suvero. Rose wrote for Vogue, Art in America, Artforum, and Partisan Review. 

Rose died on December 25, 2020 from problems caused by breast cancer in Concord, New Hampshire, aged 84.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
American critics
American historians
American academics
American screenwriters
Writers from Washington, D.C.
Educators from Washington, D.C.
Bronisława Kowalska (1955 – 26 December 2020) was a Polish politician. She was a Deputy from 1993 to 2005 and was a Member of the European Parliament in 2004. Kowalska was born in Starachowice, Poland.

Kowalska died on 26 December 2020 from COVID-19 in Warsaw at the age of 65.

References

1955 births
2020 deaths
MEPs for Poland
Former MEPs
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland
José Luiz Carbone (22 March 1946 – 27 December 2020) was a Brazilian footballer and coach. He was born in São Paulo. He played for São Paulo, Ponte Preta, Metropol, Internacional, Botafogo and Nacional (SP).

He played for the Brazilian national team from 1973 to 1974 making six appearances.

Carbone died of liver cancer in hospital in Campinas, Brazil on 27 December 2020 at the age of 74.

References

1946 births
2020 deaths
Brazilian footballers
Brazilian football managers
Deaths from liver cancer
People from São Paulo
Marian Gerard Jochman (2 February 1935 – 27 December 2020) was a Polish long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Jochman died on 27 December 2020 at the age of 85.

References

1935 births
2020 deaths
Polish Olympians
Competitors in athletics
Antonio Velasco Piña (8 September 1935 – 27 December 2020) was a Mexican novelist, spiritual writer and essayist. He was the founder of La Nueva Mexicanidad, a group supporting Aztec religion. He was born in Buenavista de Cuellar, Guerrero.

Velasco Piña died on 27 December 2020 in Mexico City at the age of 85.

Works
 Anibal y Escipion (2013) 
 San Judas Tadeo (2010) 
 Cartas a Elizabeth
 Dos Guerreros Olmecas
Regina - Dos de octubre no se olvida (1987)
El despertar de Teotihuacan (1994)
Tlacaelel, El Azteca entre los Aztecas
 La mujer dormida debe dar a luz
 El retorno de lo sagrado
El círculo negro. El grupo secreto detrás del poder en México (2006)

References

Mexican writers
1935 births
2020 deaths
Philip Henry Niekro ( ; April 1, 1939 – December 26, 2020), nicknamed "Knucksie", was an American baseball pitcher. He played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), 20 of them with the Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves. He played with New York Yankees, Cleveland Indians and Toronto Blue Jays.

Niekro was honored into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1997. He was born in Blaine, Ohio.

Niekro died of cancer on December 26, 2020 in Flowery Branch, Georgia at the age of 81.

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
Cancer deaths in the United States
Atlanta Braves players
New York Yankees players
Cleveland Indians players
Toronto Blue Jays players
Sportspeople from Ohio
Hugo Travers (born 6 April 1997 in Sèvres), also known as HugoDécrypte, is a French journalist and YouTuber.

References 

1997 births
Living people
French YouTubers
French journalists
Flowery Branch is a city in Hall County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had 5,679 people living here.

References

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
On June 14, 2015, Clauddine "Dee Dee" Blanchard was murdered in the bedroom of her house in Greene County, Missouri. Her body was lying on the bed covered in blood from stab wounds which were caused days earlier. 

Dee Dee's daughter Gypsy Rose, who, according to Blanchard suffered from leukemia, asthma, muscular dystrophy, and brain damage was not in the house at the time the body's discovery. 

The following day, police found Gypsy Rose in Wisconsin, where she had traveled with her boyfriend Nicholas Godejohn. Dee Dee faked all the illness that Gypsy had and many people were mad at Dee Dee because of it. 

Godejohn and Gypsy planned and killed Dee Dee while she was sleeping. Many believed Gypsy killing her mother was justified because the mother was mentally abusing her. 

Gypsy Rose was found guilty to second-degree murder and is serving a 10-year sentence. After a brief trial in November 2018 Godejohn was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.

References

June 2015 events
2015 in the United States
2015 murders in the United States
Murders by blade weapons
Norman Thavaud (born 14 April 1987) is a French YouTuber.

1987 births
French YouTubers
People from Hauts-de-France
Living people
Arthur Berckmans (3 May 1929 – 28 December 2020), better known as Berck, was a Belgian comics writer. He wrote Sammy. He was born in Leuven, Belgium. He retired in 1994. He also worked on Zonneland.

Berckmans died on 28 December 2020 at the age of 91.

References

Other websites
 
 

1929 births
2020 deaths
Comics writers
Belgian writers
Maria Gąsienica Bukowa-Kowalska (2 January 1936 – 27 December 2020) was a Polish cross-country skier. She competed in the women's 10 km and the women's 3 × 5 km relay events at the 1956 Winter Olympics. Bukowa-Kowalska was born in Kościelisko, Poland.

Bukowa-Kowalska died on 27 December 2020 at the age of 84.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Polish Olympians
Skiers
Armando Manzanero Canché (7 December 1935 – 28 December 2020) was a Mexican bolero singer-songwriter, composer and pianist. He was born in Mérida, Yucatán. His career began in 1950. His record label was RCA Records. His best known singles were: "Somos Novios (It's Impossible)", "Mía" and "Adoro".

In 2014, Manzanero was honored with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

On 17 December 2020, Manzanero was hospitalized in Mexico City after being diagnosed with COVID-19. He died five days later from the infection, aged 85.

References

1935 births
2020 deaths
Grammy Award winners
Mexican singer-songwriters
Mexican musicians
Composers
North American pianists
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
Chris Wilder (born 23 September 1967) is an English football manager and a former player. He is currently the manager of Premier League football club Sheffield United.

References

1967 births
English footballers
Sportspeople from Sheffield
Living people
Yaël Braun-Pivet (born 7 December 1970 in Nancy) is a French lawyer, activism associative and politician.

Yaël was member of the Socialist Party (PS) and then of En Marche (now La République en Marche). She was elected as member of the national assembly on 18 June 2017, as a representative for the department of Yvelines.

She is Chair of the Committee on Constitutional Laws, Legislation and the General Administration of the Republic in the French National Assembly.

Personal life
Braun-Pivet is married and has five children.

References

Other websites

1970 births
Living people
Socialist Party (France) politicians
French lawyers
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 fantasy movie directed by David Yates. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 2003 novel of the same name. The fifth movie in the Harry Potter movie series, it was written by Michael Goldenberg and produced by David Heyman and David Barron.  

The movie stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. 

The movie had a budget between £75 and 100 million ($150–200 million). Warner Bros. released the movie in North America on 11 July 2007 and in the United Kingdom on 12 July. It is the first Potter movie to be released in IMAX 3D.

Order of the Phoenix opened to a worldwide five-day opening of $333 million. The movie was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008.

References

2007 movies
2000s fantasy movies
Harry Potter 5
Movies based on books
Harry Potter 5
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince is a 2009 fantasy movie directed by David Yates. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 2005 novel of the same name. The movie, which is the sixth one in the Harry Potter movie series. 

It stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. 

With a budget of $250 million, it is one of the most expensive movies ever made and the most expensive movie in the Harry Potter movie series.

References

2009 movies
2000s fantasy movies
Harry Potter 6
Movies based on books
Harry Potter 6
The Younger Dryas (around 12,900 to 11,700 years ago) was a cold period. It reversed the gradual climatic warming which started around 20,000 years ago. 

At this time there was a sharp fall in temperature over most of the Northern Hemisphere.  This occurred at the end of the Pleistocene epoch and just before the present, warmer, Holocene epoch. 

The last glacial maximum (LGM) was about 27,000 to 24,000 years ago. The Younger Dryas was the most recent and longest of several interruptions to the gradual warming of the Earth's climate. The change was relatively sudden, and it resulted in a decline of temperatures in Greenland by 4 to 10 °C (7.2 to 18 °F) Glaciers and dry conditions spread over much of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. It may have been caused by an influx of fresh, cold water from North America to the Atlantic.

The Younger Dryas was a period of climatic change. The effects were complex and variable. In the Southern Hemisphere and some areas of the Northern Hemisphere, such as southeastern North America, a slight warming occurred.

References 

Climate change
Neolithic
Isolation centers in Belarus are prisons where people are held in camera or with no one to turn to for some time.

The Belarusian "isolation centers" became very known as part of the 2020 Belarusian protests after 2020 Belarusian presidential election. The government and Alexander Lukashenko let punishments on protesters be done. People have been moved in isolation centers. There have been news on bad handling of people and torture in isolation centers. The most known isolation center is Okrestina.

References 

Prisons
Belarus
The Headington Shark is a sculpture on the top of a house. It is at 2 New High Street, Headington, Oxford. The sculpture is a shark breaking the roof of the house. Its proper name is Untitled 1986.

About the sculpture 

The shark was first put on the house on 9 August 1986. The house is owned by a radio presenter, Bill Heine. The sculpture is 4 long hundredweight and 25 feet long. It is made of painted fibreglass. It took 3 months to make the shark.

The statue was put together on the 41st anniversary of the bombing of Nagasaki. It was designed by John Buckley. Anton Castiau made the sculpture. Heine said that the shark is "saying something about CND, nuclear power, Chernobyl and Nagasaki".

On August 2007, the shark was renovated by Buckley. This was because of complaints of the quality of the sculpture.

On 26 August 2016, Heine's son Magnus Hanson-Heine bought the house. He bought it so that the shark can stay on top of the house.

Controversy 

The shark started controversy when it was first put on the house. Oxford City Council wanted the shark removed from the house because it was not safe for the people living near. There were no planning permissions for the shark. In 1992, Minister Tony Baldry from the Department of the Environment said that the shark can stay on the house because it does not cause any problems.

References

Other websites 

 Headington Shark website

Sculptures
1986 establishments in the United Kingdom
Oxford
Sharks
Fábio Henrique Tavares (born 23 October 1993), known as Fabinho, is a Brazilian professional football player who plays for Liverpool F.C and the Brazil national football team. Fabinho is a midfielder but can also play as a defender.

References

1993 births
Brazilian footballers
Living people
EcuRed is a Cuban online encyclopedia. Some people have called it the "Cuban Wikipedia". It was launched in 2010. As of now, it has over 200,000 articles.

About
EcuRed is short for Enciclopedia Cubana en la Red (Spanish for "Cuban encyclopedia on the Web"). The website is in Spanish.

EcuRed says that its goal "is the accumulation and development of knowledge with a non-profit, pro-democracy aim from a decolonizing point of view".

Articles on EcuRed are written from a Cuban point of view. For example, EcuRed's article about the United States said it had historically taken "territory and natural resources from other nations by force, to put at the service of its businesses and monopolies", and the George W. Bush article says that he continues a family tradition of corruption, deceit and intrigue.

References

Establishments in Cuba
2010 establishments in North America
Websites
A reactionary or reactionist is a person or organization that is against social progress and wants society to return to the old way of doing things.

The word reactionary comes from the word "reaction," which describes movement in the opposite direction. In this case, reactionary beliefs and actions are opposed to the direction of social progress.

Some parts of right-wing politics is based on reactionary thinking and a wish to return to the way things were. Being a reactionary should not be confused with being a conservative, which is someone who wishes to keep (conserve) things the way they are.

The words counter-revolutionary or anti-revolutionary are sometimes used instead of the word reactionary.

History
The word reactionary was first used during the French Revolution. The réactionnaires were people who wanted France to return to a monarchy.

20th century
In the 20th century, socialists and communists used the word reactionary to describe their enemies. In Marxist thinking, a reactionary is someone who supports causes like feudalism, capitalism, fascism, nationalism, or any other cause opposed to social reform and revolution.

21st century 
Reactionary politics is still influential in politics. There are many people and political parties who have opinions that can be seen as reactionary because they want to go back to the old ways. For example, Donald Trump can be considered a reactionary politician.

References 

Social sciences
Martin John Lambie-Nairn (5 August 1945 – 25 December 2020) was an English designer and animator. He was the founder of Lambie-Nairn. He was known for creating the original Channel 4 logo. He was born in Croydon.

Lambie-Nairn died on 25 December 2020, aged 75.

Lambie-Nairn also animating the title sequence for British comedy TV series Mind Your Language.

Lambie-Nairn held an Honorary Doctor of Arts from the University of Lincoln, and was a Visiting Professor at the Faculty of Art, Architecture and Design. He also held an Honorary Doctor of Arts from the University of Northampton.

Bibliography
Brand Identity for Television With Knobs On, Phaidon Press, 1997

References

Other websites
National Portrait Gallery Sitting

1945 births
2020 deaths
BBC people
Artists from London
A grey hat is a hacker that sometimes can do illegal stuff, but does not exploit it or tell others how to do so.

Computing
Internet security