cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A sonic boom is created when an object travels faster than the speed of sound. When an airplane reaches the speed of sound, it makes a bang sound or an explosive noise that can be seen with the naked eye.  This is often called "breaking the sound barrier." The visible part of a sonic boom is actually air that becomes squashed by sound waves.  The thunder that a storm makes is also a sonic boom caused by lightning forcing air to move faster than the speed of sound.

The first plane to fly at a level altitude above the speed of sound was the Bell X-1 in 1947 and was piloted by Chuck Yeager.

References 

Sound
Aviation
A Spelling bee is a spoken spelling competition. In a spelling bee, children are asked to spell words. The child who spells the most words correctly is the winner. Schools hold spelling bee competitions to encourage children to learn to read. As well, spelling bees encourage children to learn about spelling words and improve their vocabulary. One type of spelling bee is the Scripps National Spelling Bee, in Washington, D.C.

The United States National Spelling Bee was started in 1926 by The Courier-Journal, the newspaper of Louisville, Kentucky. Contests may have been held before that year. A key impetus for the contests was Noah Webster's spelling books. Webster's spelling books were an essential part of the curriculum of elementary school children in the United States for five generations. They were first published in 1786 and known as "The Blue-backed Speller". Now the key reference for the contests is the Merriam-Webster unabridged dictionary.

In a Spelling Bee it is actually best to go first rather than last because words usually go by levels in a school competition, so if it goes from easiest to hardest you will most likely get the less difficult words.

Type of game: Nytimes Spelling Beefor free online.

Language
Learning
Arabic () is a Semitic language, like Hebrew and Aramaic. Around 292 million people speak it as their first language. Many more people can also understand it as a second language. The Arabic language has its own alphabet written from right to left, like Hebrew. Since it is so widely spoken throughout the world, the language is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. The others are English, French, Spanish, Russian and Chinese.

Many countries speak Arabic as an official language, but not all of them speak it the same way. The language has many dialects, or varieties, such as Modern Standard Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, Gulf Arabic, Maghrebi Arabic, Levantine Arabic and many others. Some of the dialects are so different from one another that speakers have a hard time understanding the other.

Most of the countries that use Arabic as their official language are in the Middle East. They are part of the Arab World because the largest religion is in the region is Islam.

Arabic is very important in Islam because Muslims believe that Allah (God) used it to talk to Muhammad through the Archangel Gabriel (Jibril), giving him the Quran in the language. Many but not all Arabic-speakers are Muslims.

Arabic is also becoming a popular language to learn in the Western world even though its grammar is sometimes very hard to learn for native speakers of Indo-European languages. Many other languages have borrowed words from Arabic because of its importance in history. Some English words that can be traced to Arabic are sugar, cotton, magazine, algebra, alcohol and emir.

Arabic is an official language of these countries:

 Algeria
 Bahrain
 Comoros
 Chad
 Djibouti
 Egypt
 Eritrea
 Iraq
 Jordan
 Kuwait
 Lebanon
 Libya
 Mauritania
 Morocco
 Oman
 Palestine
 Qatar
 Western Sahara
 Saudi Arabia
 Somalia
 Sudan
 Syria
 Tunisia
 United Arab Emirates
 Yemen

It is also a national language of:
 Mali
 Senegal

References
Dresden (Upper Sorbian: Drježdźany) is the capital of the Free State of Saxony. It is in the southeast of Germany, on the River Elbe near the border with the Czech Republic. It has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification).

History 
Dresden was already settled in the Neolithic part of the Stone Age, but the first written record of the city was in 1206, when Dresden began to develop as a royal residence.

Dresden was bombed a lot at the end of World War II. It was bombed by American and British bombers between 13 February and 15 February 1945. Most of the city's buildings were damaged beyond repair after the bombings. The city had to rebuild most of its buildings after the war.

In 2002 Dresden was flooded in Germany's so-called "century flooding".

Politics and cultural 
Dresden is the political and cultural centre of Saxony. It is the seat of the governmental district of Dresden and of many universities. The city had a popiulation that exceeded 100,000 around 1852.

Dresden has about 488,000 inhabitants (2005). Dresden forms the core of the densely-populated area of the same name in Central Europe and is a traffic junction and an economic centre. Together with the population centres of Chemnitz, Zwickau and Leipzig, it forms the population centre known as the Metropolregion Saxonia Triangle .

Traffic 
Dresden has got an international airport (Flughafen Dresden-Klotzsche) which has about 2 million passengers/year. This Airport has got daily flight connections to Frankfurt and Munich (Lufthansa), Moscow (Aeroflot), Cologne and Stuttgart (germanwings), Düsseldorf (germanwings)  as well as to Zurich (InterSky), Hamburg (eurowings on behalf of germanwings) and London-City (CityJet). The biggest station is Dresden Hauptbahnhof (Dresden Main station) with an ICE (InterCityExpress) connection to Leipzig, Erfurt, Frankfurt and Wiesbaden. There's an EuroCity connection to Prague, Graz and Vienna just as an InterCity connection to Berlin and Hamburg. The metropolitan of Dresden has got four highwas:
 A4:   Frankfurt - Dresden - Goerlitz - Wrocław - Kraków

 A13: Dresden - Berlin
 A14: Nossen (near Dresden) - Leipzig - Magdeburg (- Schwerin)
 A17: Dresden - Prague
Dresden has got 3 S-Bahn (Metropolitan overground railway) lines and a big Tram network.

References 

 
1206 establishments in Europe
13th-century establishments in Germany
Arabic might mean:

Arabic language
Arabic alphabet
Hindu–Arabic numeral system, sometimes called "Arabic numerals"
Irrigation is when people add water to plants, to help them grow when there is not enough rain. Irrigation water can be pumped from rivers, natural lakes or lakes created by dams, from wells or allowed to flow to the fields by the force of gravity along pipes or open canals.

Types of Irrigation 
There are many different types of irrigation methods. The most common ones are:
 Sprinkler Irrigation
 Drip irrigation
 Surface irrigation
 Sub surface irrigation
 Manual irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation mimics natural rainfall where water falls on the plants.
In sprinkler irrigation, water is moved through pipes to sprinklers scattered around and within the field. The Sprinklers shoot water from pressurized outlets or guns from pipes into the air which then fall on the plants. Center pivot irrigation is a type of sprinkler irrigation. It's basically, sprinklers on wheels.

In drip irrigation, water drips directly to the roots of plants from pipes which have small holes or special emitters spaced along the pipe. Drip irrigation is more efficient than other irrigation methods because water is applied directly or close to plants' roots i.e. where it is needed. Thus, it uses less water, reduces leeching of soil nutrients and erosion of top soil.

In Surface irrigation, water from a source such as rivers, pipes, dams, canals e.t.c. floods the soil surface. Surface irrigation uses a lot of water compared to other irrigation methods. It could also drain nutrients beyond the reach of the plant roots. If the water is excessive, it could cause damage to the plant. However, surface irrigation is used extensively in rice farming. This is because the permanent flooding acts as a natural pest control method and rice can survive waterlogged soil.

Sub-Surface irrigation is when water comes from below the surface of the soil. Sub-surface irrigation create an artificial water table to place water right within reach of plants. Water seeps through the walls into the soil of farms from canals passing through and/or around the farm. Drip irrigation becomes sub-surface irrigation when the pipes are placed underground.

With Manual irrigation irrigation is done by humans using buckets, pipes or watering cans. It is labor-intensive and inefficient.

Impacts 
Irrigation can let more crops be grown on the same land, or allow a crop to grow in a dry period. It is expensive and care should be taken to ensure that the benefits from increased crop yields are not exceeded by the installation and operating costs of the irrigation scheme.

Irrigation causes a subsequent rise in water-tables. If saline water is below, it may rise to the surface. Sometimes salinity becomes high enough to kill the plants. Irrigation water itself can carry salt and sometimes other toxic materials that hurt the plants. To prevent this, irrigation projects must also assure good drainage.

References

Agriculture
Detroit is the largest city in the state of Michigan in the United States. In 1950, Detroit was the fifth largest city in the United States, with 1.8 million people. It was the 10th largest city in the United States at the time of the 2000 census. As of 2004, it fell to 11th biggest as people have moved away, and San Jose, California, which is growing, moved to 10th. The Population of Detroit was 700,000 in the 2010s decade. Nearly six million people live in Detroit and the surrounding counties that encompass Metro Detroit. The city borders Windsor, Ontario in Canada. The international border between Detroit and Windsor is one of the most crossed in the world.

The person who started the city was Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac. He was from France. Detroit was made a city in 1701. From 1805 to 1847, Detroit was the capital of Michigan.

The state governor declared a financial emergency in March 2013, appointing an emergency manager. On July 18, 2013, Detroit filed the largest municipal bankruptcy case in U.S. history.

Sports 
Detroit is a city where many automobiles are made and this is why it is sometimes called the "Motor City", or "Motown". Many people call it the car capital of the world.  General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have their offices and many of their plants in and around Detroit.

In 2006, the Super Bowl was played at Ford Field in Detroit.

Media 

WXYZ American Broadcasting Company

People 
Detroit is home to one of the largest black communities in the United States, with over 91% being African-American.  Violent crime rate is also one of the highest in the USA. Detroit also has a large Arab population. Many Arabs live in metro Detroit. The Arab-American community in Detroit began with a small group of Syrian and Lebanese merchants who immigrated to Detroit in the late 1800s. Mexicans have recently replaced the shrinking population.

Climate 
Detroit has a humid continental climate (Dfa in the Köppen climate classification).

References

Other websites

 
County seats in Michigan
Michigan
1700s establishments in North America
1701 establishments
18th-century establishments in New France
War communism is the name for the economic policies that introduced to Russia in 1918 by Vladimir Lenin, leader of Russia from 1917-24. The policy was ended in 1921 because it was not successful. Instead, he introduced the New Economic Policy in 1921.

War Communism was introduced for many reasons. However, the most important ones were: 
 to feed and supply the hungry Red Army of Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War
 to move towards complete communism

It was bad for the Russian economy because the government took away extra grain produced by the peasants. This was known as grain requisitioning. Peasants were not allowed to sell their extra food, so they stopped producing more than they needed to eat. This created a Russian famine with millions of people foodless and starving.

Communism
Economic policy
Russian Revolution
1918 establishments in the Soviet Union
1921 disestablishments
Foreign aid is when one country helps another country. The country may give money or things; it may also send people. This is especially needed when a disaster happens in a poor country. Sometimes this help comes from a country's government and sometimes the ordinary people give money. Some foreign aid helps by giving food and clean water to people who need them. Most of the time it is a charity which donates to the poor countries. Some aid is for Economic development.  

The poor countries are called LEDC's (Less Economically Developed Countries). The richer countries are called MEDC's (More Economically Developed Countries). 

United Nations and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development also work for such aid for poor countries.

References 

Politics
Mallaig is a small town in Scotland. It is also a port. Ferries link Mallaig, which is on the mainland, to some islands. About 797 lived there in 2001.

Towns in Scotland
Cramlington is a town in the county of Northumberland, in the north-east of England.

Cramlington is about five miles from the coast. The nearest beach is at Blyth, which is to the east. The county town of Morpeth is rather nearby.

Newcastle city is also close, which people of Cramlington can go and enjoy.

Cramlington is rather new, with lots of parks. The bicycle track system means cyclists can travel around the entire town without having to travel on the roads. The underpasses under the major roads mean children can walk around safe from traffic.

History

It was thought the Vikings were the first to settle in Cramlington. Until relatively recently it was made up of a few small mining villages, but was chosen to be a new town and since the 1960s, builders have enlarged the town to become the town of 40,000 it is today.

Facilites

The headquarters of The Officers Club menswear store is in Cramlington.

A large indoor shopping mall, Manor Walks, serves as the main shopping centre, next to the old village centre. There is a large leisure centre, Concordia, next to the shopping centre which has an indoor pool, climbing wall and well-equipped gym.

There are lots of Christian churches in the town including two Methodist, an Anglican church with two plants, as well as a Catholic church and a few Pentecostal and charismatic churches.

Cramlington Community High School is the only secondary school in the town, which passed the recent OFSTED inspection with 'outstanding' grades. The school system is about to be replaced with the two tier system, in which the high school will cater for 11-18 year olds.

Famous People

The comedian Ross Noble grew up in Cramlington.

References

Towns in Northumberland
A power station (or power plant) is a place where electricity is produced. Most do this by  a big spinning electrical generator. In big powers stations the spinning is usually driven by a steam turbine. The steam may come from:

 Burning fossil fuels
 Nuclear power, using radioactive sources
 Using the earth's heat, called geothermal energy
 Using the sun's heat

Some do not use steam engines to spin the generator. Rather they use: 
 Hydropower, which uses the power of moving water to drive turbines
 Using the wind to drive wind turbines
 Internal combustion engine power

A few power stations use the sun's rays to generate solar power without motion.  There are many power stations around the world, because many things need electricity to work.

Stations may be operated as Load following power plant, peaking power plant, or base load power plant.

Energy sources

Renewable energy resources 
Renewable heat energy
 Solar thermal power
 Geothermal energy

Renewable flow energy
 Hydro-electric power
 Wind power
 Wave power
 Tidal power

Non-renewable energy resources 
These all use heat as a source of energy.
 Coal
 Oil
 Natural gas
 Nuclear power

Solid-state electricity sources 
These sources have no moving parts. They are more expensive than generators, and are used where other questions are more important.
 Solar cell
 Battery
 Thermocouple

Other websites

 
Electricity
Reality means anything that exists. An event that has actually happened, or a thing which really exists is said to have "reality." Something close to reality is realistic.

Reality is the state of things as they are, rather than as they may appear or might be imagined. In a wider definition, reality includes everything that is and has been, whether or not we can see it and understand it. An even wider definition includes everything that has existed, exists, or will exist.

Reality is often contrasted with what is imaginary, delusional, in the mind, dreams, what is false, what is fictional, or what is abstract.

All the same, what is abstract plays a role in everyday life and in academic research. For instance, causality, virtue, life and justice are abstract concepts. They are difficult to define, but they are not pure delusions.

Television programs that are not scripted are called Reality TV.

Viewpoints on reality
Philosophy looks at the nature of reality itself, and the relationship between the mind (as well as language and culture) and reality.
Science: the view that the world described by science is the real world. The scientists' view of reality depends on evidence, tests and experiments, worked out by specialists. In the end, what ends up in textbooks is what an "invisible college" of scientists has agreed on.

References
The sum of two numbers is what we get when we add the two numbers together. This operation is called summation. There are a number of ways of writing sums, with the most common being:
Addition ()
Summation ()
Computerization:
Sum = 0
For I = M to N 
Sum = Sum + X(I)
Next I (in Visual BASIC)

Sigma notation
Sigma notation is a mathematical notation to write long sums in a short way. Sigma notation uses the Greek letter Sigma (), and takes upper and lower bounds which tell us where the sum begins and where it ends. The lower bound usually has a variable (called the index, often denoted by ,  or ) along with a value, such as "". This tells us that the summation begins at 2, and goes up by 1 until it reaches the number on the top.

Properties

Applications
Sums are used to represent series and sequences. For example:

The geometric series of a repeating decimal can be represented in summation. For example:

The concept of an integral is a limit of sums, with the area under a curve being defined as:

Related pages 

 Product (mathematics)

References

Further reading
 Nicholas J. Higham, "The accuracy of floating point summation", SIAM J. Scientific Computing 14 (4), 783–799 (1993).

Other websites
 
 Sigma Notation  on PlanetMath
 Derivation of Polynomials to Express the Sum of Natural Numbers with Exponents 

Arithmetics
Mathematical notation
The Lost World: Jurassic Park (known also as The Lost World) is an American movie directed by Steven Spielberg. It was released in 1997. It is the sequel to the movie Jurassic Park. The Lost World is the second in a series of three movies. It was followed by Jurassic Park III and Jurassic World. It is based on a book by Michael Crichton, and sticks generally to the plot of the book. The movie was quite successful but not as much as the first.

Other websites 

1990s adventure movies
1997 science fiction movies
Jurassic Park movies
Movies set in islands
Jungle movies
Movies based on books
Movies composed by John Williams
Movies directed by Steven Spielberg
Sequel movies
Universal Pictures movies
Mario Party 6 is a party board video game for the Nintendo GameCube. It is the sixth game in the Mario Party series. It was released in Japan on November 18, 2004, in North America on December 6, 2004, and in Europe on March 18, 2005. It is the first Mario Party game to use the Nintendo GameCube's microphone add-on.

Gameplay

Mario Party 6 plays the same as previous games in the Mario Party series. Players go around on boards to collect coins, which they can use to buy stars. Movement is done with the use of a dice block with the numbers one through 10. After all four players take their turns, a mini-game is played. The player that wins the mini-game wins coins. The winner is the player with the most stars at the end of the game. In multiplayer, the sun will rise and fall every three turns. Changes that happen include spaces moving, new characters appearing, and changes to mini-games.

Six boards are in the game. The last one has to be unlocked. Players can play as 11 characters. One of them, Toadette, makes her first playable appearance in a Mario Party game in this game.

2004 video games
Nintendo GameCube games
Mario Party games
Video games developed in Japan
Nintendo GameCube-only games
Nintendo games by franchise
Party video games
Board games
Don Quixote is a novel by Miguel de Cervantes. The book was published in two parts (1605 and 1615). It was first written in Spanish. Soon afterwards it was translated to English by Thomas Shelton. It is considered by many scholars to be the first modern novel. The main character, Don Quixote, is a paragon of chivalry, but in a deeply flawed and impractical way. Don Quixote is so influential as a character that the word "quixotic" is used to describe his type of behavior.

The story is about Alonso Quixano, a rich middle-aged man. Quixano, having read many tales about chivalry and knights, goes crazy and believes that he is a knight named Don Quixote. He rides around the country with his squire, Sancho, having adventures. He believes his adventures are real, but everyone else laughs at him.

One of the most famous stories in the book is Don Quixote's fight with windmills. He sees some windmills and thinks they are giants. When he rides to fight with them, he is knocked off his horse. Sancho tells him they are only windmills, but Don Quixote does not believe him. He is sure a magician changed windmills into the giants to hurt him.

At the end of the book, Alonso Quixano returns home, hurt badly. He becomes sane again, then dies.

17th-century books
Novels
Spanish-language literature
Vandalism is a crime that is done by destroying or damaging the property of someone else. This can include graffiti and website damage.

A person that does this is called a vandal. The name comes from the Vandals, a tribe that attacked and damaged the city of Rome in 455 CE.

Examples 

Many websites, such as wikis (like Wikipedia), forums, and blogs, can be changed by anyone. Because of this, they can be "vandalized" by adding comments or replacing everything on the page with spam, nonsense or other silly content. It is a kind of trolling, and these websites have special users, called administrators, whose job is to remove the vandalism and to block users who do not stop vandalizing.                                     

Examples of physical vandalism include salting lawns, cutting trees without permission, egg throwing, breaking windows, arson, spraying paint on others' properties, tagging,

Types of crime
Property crimes
Still Standing is a CBS sitcom starring Mark Addy. It is about a working-class couple who live in Chicago, Illinois. Addy's character is a father of three with a wife named Judy (Jami Gertz). Judy and Addy's character, Bill Miller, deal with having an annoying relative, Aunt Linda (Jennifer Irwin), and with having children of different ages. It was first shown in September 2002. Lifetime had the rights to have the show in 2005. It ended in March 2006.

Other websites 
  CBS
  Lifetime
 
 

2002 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
2000s American television series
American sitcoms
CBS network shows
Television series set in Chicago, Illinois
English-language television programs
Socks are often worn on a person's feet. They absorb sweat and help to keep the foot dry. Socks also give comfort to people's feet and keep them warm in cold weather. They are usually made of cotton or wool. Some socks can cover only the foot and ankle, and others may be long enough to cover the entire lower leg up to the knee. Toe socks are socks that wrap each toe separate from the others. Socks can be worn on the feet. Socks come in an array of different colors. Generally, white socks are worn for everyday or athletic use, and dark socks (black, brown, gray, or navy blue) are worn with business or formal wears. Some dress socks have patterns on them; these are called "argyles".

Phone socks

People often refer to sleeves that cover phones as 'socks'. These come in many different forms, colourful or plain. They help to protect the mobile phone whilst also being a stylish addition. Not many people use phone socks anymore because they seem to be old and out of use however some people still prefer to use them

Other websites 
 

Basic English 850 words
Footwear
Everybody Loves Raymond is an American television series. It stars Ray Romano. The series was a popular sitcom on the CBS network.

Overview
Ray Romano plays Ray Barone, a sports writer in Lynbrook, New York. Patricia Heaton plays his wife, Debra. Ray and Deborah have a fun set of neighbors: Ray's parents. Robert, Ray's "loser" brother, is a police officer, and is very unlucky in love. By the end of season seven, however, he marries a woman named Amy. The show aired from September 13, 1996 to May 16, 2005.

Other websites 

1996 American television series debuts
2005 American television series endings
1990s American sitcoms
2000s American sitcoms
CBS network shows
Television series about families
Television series set in New York
English-language television programs
The Game of Life is a popular board game. Players spin a spinner, which tells them where to go next. They then go through an imaginary "life," getting married and having kids. The object of the game is to have more money than the other players by the end of the game.
Wasted time that you gave us. Thank you

Board games
A poster is a large piece of printed paper that has a message, usually with picture of something. Posters are made to be shown in public on a wall or other flat surfaces. They were the main form of public advertising before the web.

Posters may be used for advertising, education, propaganda, and decoration. They may also be copies of famous works of art.

Chromolithography and the poster 
Chromolithography (color lithography) was invented by Engelmann & Son, who were granted a patent in 1837. After that, it was a matter of time before it reached full commercial development.

Because of its low production costs, over the 50 years after the American Civil War, millions of chromolithographs were printed and were sold for under $10. Louis Prang, a Bostonian, produced fine-art subjects, such as still lifes, landscapes, and classical subjects. Nevertheless, it was only after 1847 that the Jules Chéret posters showed their potential.

Examples

Jules Chéret

19th century posters in the US
General source:

Louis John Rhead

Edward Penfield

Toulouse-Lautrec and Post-impressionism

Art nouveau posters and the impact of graphics on painting

Posters in the first half of the 20th century 
Posters were used for war propaganda, to encourage young people to enlist in the army, and to sell government war bonds. From a strictly artistic view, the posters were unimaginative and far from the masterpieces of the late 19th century posters. The posters almost all came with a caption to bang the message home.

References 

History of printing
Graphics
Advertising
Gretchen Wilson (born June 26, 1973) is a country music singer.

In 2004 she had her first number one album on Billboard's Hot Country Songs music chart. As late as 2013 she had a song on Billboard's Country Airplay music chart.

Career
Wilson got a contract with Epic Records in 2003.

Discography

Albums
 Here for the Party
 All Jacked Up
 One of the Boys

Singles
 Redneck Woman (2004)
 Here for the Party (2004)
 Red Bird Fever
 When I Think About Cheatin'
 Homewrecker
 All Jacked Up
 I Don't Feel Like Loving You Today
 Our America
 Politically Uncorrect
 That's How They Do It In Dixie
 California Girls
 Come To Bed
 One Of The Boys
 Stacy (2018)

References

1973 births
Living people
Country musicians from Illinois
American guitarists
A wallet is a small flat container, mostly of leather or fabric, that a person uses to hold cash, credit cards, identification cards, etc. Most men usually keep their wallets in their pockets, while women usually keep them in larger bags called purses.

Wallets, particularly in Europe, where larger coins are prevalent, contain also a coin purse compartments. Some wallets have built-in clasps or bands to keep them closed. 

As European banknotes, such as Euros and Pounds, are typically larger than American banknotes in size, they do not fit in some smaller American wallets.

Other websites
Collection of Unique Wallet Designs
Some images for wallet design
Wallet stealing

Money
Accessories
Chasing Vermeer is a children's novel. It is about two children noticing strange coincidences relating to art. The book was written by Blue Balliett and published (printed) by Scholastic in 2003. It says many things about the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer. 

The sequel to the book is The Wright 3.

Characters

 Petra Andalee
 Calder Pillay
 Mrs. Sharpe
 Ms. Hussey
 Tommy Segovia

2003 books
Children's books
Johannes Vermeer
The Care Bears are a very successful toy franchise from the 1980s. Over forty million of these stuffed teddy bears, made with a variety of colours, were sold from 1983 to 1987. Each Bear had a name, a job, and a symbol tied to it. For example, Funshine Bear helps people wake up, and has a sun on his stomach.

The toys were first made as characters on cards in 1981; the original artwork was done by James Lewis. Later, other toys called the Care Bear Cousins were introduced.

They also gave way to three animated movies for the cinema in the mid-1980s. A related TV series from DIC and, later, Canada's Nelvana Limited came out at almost that same time.

Recently, Care Bear toys have been brought back in a new edition for the twenty-first century. As part of this comeback, the Bears have appeared in their first two DVD movies (both computer-animated), as well as a few video games.

Care Bears

First ten

The later additions

New Bears (2004)

Care Bear Cousins

The movies
The Care Bears Movie (1985)
Care Bears Movie II: A New Generation (1986)
The Care Bears Adventure in Wonderland (1987)
Care Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot (2004) (direct to video)
The Care Bears' Big Wish Movie (2005) (direct to video)
Care Bears: Oopsy Does It! (2007) (direct to video)
Care Bears: Share Bear Shines (2009) (direct to video)

Care Bears in other languages

 (France) / Les Calinours ( Canadian French )

 (Doobonei eechpattli)

 (Kea Bea)
 (Keo Beoseu)

Norwegian: Care Bears

Serbo-Croatian: Mede medenjaci
 (Latin America) / Osos Amorosos ( European Spanish )

Other websites 
 The Official Site
 Care Bears Forever
 Take Care Bear's Place
 The Memories Board 
 The Care Bear Zone

Toys
Animated television series
Bolzano (; ; , Southern Bavarian: Bozn) is the capital city of the province of Province of Bolzano-Bozen in northern Italy's Alto Adige.

Data

Its population is 98.057 (March 2005) and the area of the municipality is 52.34 km2. Bolzano has a history of Italian-speaking inhabitants since the Middle Ages. The region of Alto Adige/Südtirol is mainly German speaking, but in the city the Italian speaking population was the majority (75%) in 2001. The German speaking population of the city was 24% and the Ladin speaking less than 1%. Actually the foreign-born are around 7% (mostly are from eastern Europe).

Historically between the Renaissance and the 19th century, the whole area, originally populated by neolatins from the time of the Roman Empire, experienced a lot of Germanisation. In the centuries before Napoleon, only the Dolomite's area of the western part of the present area of South Tyrol (especially the Val Venosta near Merano) remained neolatin. After the Italian victory in WWI the Italian government promoted a huge immigration of Italians in the city, that was fully modernized with new areas and with the creation of an industrial section: since then the Italians are the majority and in the 2011 census they were nearly 77% of the total population.

Bolzano actually is an international city with a trilingual English-German-Italian university (Free University of Bolzano), the European Academy (EURAC), a Business Innovation Centre (BIC), an international airport (ABD, daily flights to Rome and Munich), the "Bolzano Fair Area", the Archaeology Museum with the Frozen Fritz (the Iceman called here Ötzi), other important museums, the famous "Monumento alla Vittoria" and an old  Tyrolean medieval centre with the typical alpine arcades ("Portici"-Lauben).

Bolzano is the centre of the "Euregio Tirol-Südtirol/Alto Adige-Trentino" and with Innsbruck is the capital of the "Alps Convention".

City districts and neighboring communities

Bolzano has five city districts:
 Centro-Piani-Rencio (German: Zentrum-Bozner Boden-Rentsch)
 Don Bosco
 Europa-Novacella (German: Europa-Neustift)
 Gries-San Quirino (German: Gries-Quirein)
 Oltrisarco-Aslago (German: Oberau-Haslach)

Communities next to Bozen are: Appiano, Cornedo, Laives, Deutschnofen, Renon, Genesio, Terlan, and Vadena.

Other important towns near Bozen are: Bressanone, Brunico and Merano.

Twin cities
 Sopron, Hungary

Notes

Other websites 
 City of Bolzano-Bozen (only in Italian and German)
 Tourism Board
 University
 Eurac
 Airport
 Archaeology Museum

Capital cities in Italy
Cities in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
The Isle of Wight is an island county that is just off the south coast of England. It is about 40 kilometres (25 miles) by 20 kilometres (13 miles) in size. About one hundred and twenty thousand people live on the island.

The Isle of Wight is known as a county. This means that it has a council of people who make decisions about some things that affect the people who live there.  The county town of the island, which is the place where the council work, is called Newport.

Tourism
Many people like to go on holiday on the island.  There are many hotels and tourist attractions.  Queen Victoria used to like to visit the Isle of Wight where she had a house called Osborne House.  Tourism is the most important industry on the island.

Nature
Over half of the island is officially designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.  It is also widely recognised as the most important site in Europe for finding dinosaur remains.

 
Ceremonial counties of England
Unitary authorities
Elaine Paige OBE (born Elaine Jill Bickerstaff, 5 March 1948) is an English actress and singer. She was born and raised in Barnet, Hertfordshire, in 1948. She is known for her roles in musical theater.

Life
She worked in the theatre from a young age. She quickly became famous in the role of Eva Perón in the musical Evita in 1978. She studied acting at the Aida Foster stage school in London and then played roles in the British tour of the show The Roar of the Greasepaint, the Smell of the Crowd and the first London production of Hair. She played Sandy in the London production of Grease and appeared as one of Michael Crawford's girlfriends in Billy. She has since said she was about to leave the world of acting, possibly to become a teacher, but then the role in Evita was offered to her.

After Evita, she did not have any work for a period. She thought that her musical career had seen its best. When the actress Judi Dench had an injury during rehearsals for Cats, the producers asked Paige play the role in stead of Dench. They stated that the role "was not another Evita" and that her role only had one and a half songs. Fortunately, the song was "Memory", which was a top 10 hit for Paige and has become her signature song.

After Cats, she appeared in Abbacadbra, an ABBA compilation, and Chess, also written by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus of ABBA but with lyrics by Tim Rice, co-writer of Evita. Paige then scored a number 1 single, "I Know Him So Well", a song from Chess, as a duet with Barbara Dickson.

In 1989, she co-produced and starred in a production of Cole Porter's Anything Goes in London, which made a star of John Barrowman. In the early 1990s, her term relationship with the lyricist Tim Rice stopped and Paige tried an image change by recording an album with a California-based producer in the Bette Midler torch singer vein entitled Love Can Do That. Her solo albums had so far been a variety of songs, including the very successful Stages in 1983, with songs from musical theatre. In 1993, she returned to the United States to work with Peter Matz on an album called Romance and the Stage featuring songs from earlier days of musical theatre. The following year, she recorded, Piaf, which had music from the role she was playing in the Pam Gems play, also called Piaf. Critics were impressed by her acting skills in that play. 

However, in 1995 she had a role in another musical, playing Norma Desmond in Andrew Lloyd Webber's Sunset Boulevard. She had always wanted to perform on Broadway and Sunset Boulevard now made this possible. For more than a year she played the role. She later had another role in 2000 with the King and I. She has recently moved more into television and radio work.

Paige was awarded an OBE in 1995. Now she is hosting a Sunday afternoon BBC Radio 2 show which plays music from the stage and film.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1948 births
Living people
Actors from Hertfordshire
English singers
English stage actors
English television actors
Musical theater actors
Musicians from Hertfordshire
Evita is a musical. The lyrics were written by Tim Rice. The music was written by Andrew Lloyd Webber. The musical is based on the life of Eva Perón (1919-1952), the wife of Argentine President Juan Perón, which Che is telling.

Evita opened on the West End in 1978, and on Broadway in 1979. It won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical and the Tony Award for Best Musical. In 1996, a movie version was released starring Madonna.

1970s musicals
Musicals by Andrew Lloyd Webber
Musicals by Tim Rice
Tony Award winning musicals
Laurence Olivier Award winning musicals
Broadway musicals
West End musicals
Musicals adapted to movies
Sunset Boulevard is a 1950 movie about a screenwriter (William Holden) accompanying a silent movie actress (Gloria Swanson). It was nominated for eleven Academy Awards and won three. For Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical theater, it starred Patti LuPone, Glenn Close, Betty Buckley and Elaine Paige.

1950 movies
United States National Film Registry movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Billy Wilder
Events 
 January 1 – The Montgolfier brothers fly across the English Channel.

Births 
 December 26 – Laurent Clerc, co-founder of the first American school for the deaf

Deaths 
January 3 – Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (b. 1706)
January 19 – Jonathan Toup, English classical scholar and critic (b. 1713)
January 23 – Matthew Stewart, Scottish mathematician (b. 1717)
April 14 – William Whitehead, English writer (b. 1715)
May 8 – Etienne Francois, Duke of Choiseul, French statesman (b. 1719)
June 2 – Jean Paul de Gua de Malves, French mathematician (b. 1713)
June 30 – James Oglethorpe, English general and founder of the state of Georgia (b. 1696)
August 17 – Jonathan Trumbull, Governor of the Colony and the state of Connecticut (b. 1710)
August 26 – George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville, British soldier and politician (b. 1716)
August 28 – Jean-Baptiste Pigalle, French sculptor (b. 1714)
October 4 – David Brearly, delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention (b. 1703)
November 19 – Bernard de Bury, French composer (b. 1720)
November 25 – Richard Glover, English poet (b. 1712)
December 29 – Johan Herman Wessel, Norwegian writer (b. 1742)
Molière (1622 – 17 February 1673) was a French actor, director and writer. His real name was Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, Molière was his stage name. He wrote some of the most important comedies in human history. 

He was born in Paris where his father owned a carpet shop. As a young person, Molière decided to live an artist's life. At the age of 21, he founded a theatre company that soon went bankrupt. From 1645–1658, he toured France with some of his friends. 

Later, King Louis XIV made Molière responsible for the entertainment at the court of Versailles near Paris.  Molière was happy to have the king among his friends, because he had many enemies, especially important people in the Roman Catholic church. Molière's comedies deal with human weaknesses: jealousy, meanness, hypocrisy, fear of death. By putting his characters in ridiculous situations, Molière wants to entertain and educate his audience. 

One of his most important plays is Tartuffe, showing a bigoted man stealing his way into a rich family. Molière's last play was Le Malade Imaginaire, called in English The Hypochondriac. As in many of his comedies, Molière played the main role. He died on stage during the fourth performance.  Because of his problems with the church, he was not allowed to be buried in a church cemetery.

References

Other websites 

 
 Molière's works online at toutmoliere.net (in French)
 Molière's works online at site-moliere.com
 Molière's works online  at InLibroVeritas.net
 Molière's works online at classicistranieri.com
 Biography, Bibliography, Analysis, Plot overview  at biblioweb.org (in French)
 Molière's Verses Plays Publication, Statistics, Words Research (in French)
 Professional quality parody - "The Life & Times of Molière" at YouTube.com

1622 births
1673 deaths
Actors from Paris
French playwrights
Writers from Paris
Pen names
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Becker was a 1998 American television series. It was a sitcom on the CBS network. It starred Ted Danson as Dr. John Becker, a very grumpy family doctor who is unhappy with his life in The Bronx, New York. Becker became famous for his witty responses and constant negative outlook on all situations. The show aired on Wednesdays, and was cancelled in January 2004.

Characters 

For the first four seasons, the main characters were:

 John Becker – Ted Danson

Becker, a Harvard Medical School graduate, runs a neighborhood medical practice. He is easily annoyed by things, and is a very angry person. He has been married and divorced twice.

 Margaret Wyborn – Hattie Winston

Becker's office manager, and one of the few people who can not get annoyed by Becker and his ways. Margaret is a motherly-like figure to Becker and Linda. She is married.

 Linda – Shawnee Smith

A muddle-headed girl whose surname is never revealed. She works at the doctor's office to establish independence from her wealthy parents.

 Regina "Reggie" Kostas – Terry Farrell

The owner and worker of a diner she inherited from her late father. Reggie is a former model and is unhappy being stuck running a diner.

 Jake Malinak – Alex Désert

Becker's best friend. Jake also works at the diner selling newspapers and miscellaneous items such as candy, magazines, cigarettes, gum, etc. Jake is blind following a car accident several years before.

 Bob – Saverio Guerra

Bob loiters at the diner and is Italian. He is an old high school classmate of Reggie's who is short, annoying, and refers to himself in the third person.

American sitcoms
1998 American television series debuts
CBS network shows
2004 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Edward Bridge "Ted" Danson III (born December 29, 1947) is an American actor and producer. Danson was born in San Diego, California and raised in Flagstaff, Arizona. He is best known from his work on television. His roles include:

 Dr. John Becker in Becker
 Sam Malone in Cheers
 Jack Holden in Three Men and a Baby and Three Men and a Little Lady
 D.B. Russell in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
 Michael in The Good Place

Ted Danson was nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series in 2018, 2019 and 2020 for playing Michael on The Good Place. The Good Place won a Peabody Award in 2019.

Other websites

References

1947 births
Living people
Actors from Arizona
Actors from San Diego, California
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
American television producers
American voice actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Flagstaff, Arizona
A digital camera is a camera that stores pictures in electronic memory instead of film. Because of this, a digital camera can hold many more pictures than a traditional film camera. A digital camera can sometimes hold hundreds or thousands of pictures. Many use a memory card to store them. Most digital cameras can use a USB cable that connects into a computer to send pictures that are in the camera to the computer.

Digital photography is a kind of photography where a digital camera is used to take photos. Digital cameras use an image sensor instead of photographic film. Very often, they also use a memory card to store the photos in a digital format. Most photography is digital, though some photographers still use the old film cameras. 

The majority of cameras are part of a mobile phone, called a "camera phone". They can send their pictures to other phones and other devices. Most camera phones do not make as good pictures as larger separate cameras do, especially where light is not bright.

Most digital cameras can serve as Video cameras. Some have a direct link to another computer where the data may be stored.

Data storage 
When you take a picture or a video, it is saved on a memory device. The memory device can be internal - flash memory inside the camera, or external - memory cards, microdrives and so on. The most used method for saving pictures and videos from a camera is a SD card.

The picture can be saved in a compressed file (JPEG, TIFF) or in an uncompressed, proprietary RAW file.  The compressed picture is lower quality but the RAW picture has to be processed with a special computer program.

A video is usually saved as an AVI, MPEG or MOV file format (it depends on the producer of the camera).

Most modern cameras also put Exif information in the picture file. This metadata information usually includes the date of taking the picture, the camera type, and its settings. Some cameras include GPS coordinates.

Gallery

Other websites 

Cameras
Electronics
Data input