cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ptolemaida, former Kailaria, is a Greek town in the Kozani prefecture in the region of Macedonia. The city is best known for its coal mines of lignite and power station. It has been also called by Greek people The Socket of Greece because it has very strong power stations. Its population is 28.679 inhabitants according to the 2001 census. Ptolemaida is the biggest industrial, trade, and rural city of the prefecture and one of the most developed cities in industry in Greece.

References

Other websites
Official Website

Towns in Greece
Pelham Humfrey (also: Humphrey) (born London 1647;  died Windsor 14 July 1674) was an English composer in the Baroque period.  Although he died at the age of 26 he had an important influence on English composers such as William Turner and Henry Purcell.  He lived at the time of the Restoration, when England was ruled by a king once more after two decades of republican rule, during which music had not been allowed in churches.

Life 

We do not know much detail about his early life.  He seems to have been a choirboy in the Chapel Royal by 1660.  During this time he was obviously becoming a very gifted composer.  Other boys in the choir included John Blow and William Turner.  As a young man he travelled to France where he heard music by French composers such as Lully and Italians such as Carissimi.  This helped him to form his own style.  He became a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal.  He wrote some fine anthems, although the diarist Samuel Pepys thought that he was showing off.  This may be because Pepys did not like the new kind of music.  He married the daughter of his old choir master Henry Cooke.  He became Master of the Children of the Chapel Royal.  This meant that he was in charge of the children in the king's chapel choir.  He was also a court composer.

He became ill and died at the age of 26.  He was buried in the cloisters of Westminster Abbey.

His music
Humfrey composed a lot of music during his very short life.  It helped to form the English Baroque style.  He mostly wrote church music, but he also wrote some music for the theatre.

Humfrey liked to compose music which excited people's emotions.  Some of his melodies jump around in unexpected ways.  There is a lot of chromaticism.  Some of his best anthems include: O Lord my God, By the waters of Babylon and Like as the hart.  He wrote 27 songs.  Five of them are religious songs, and they are some of the best songs of that time.

References

The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980; ISBN 1561-59174-2

English composers
Baroque composers
1647 births
1674 deaths
This page is about the composer William Turner.  For other people called William Turner see William Turner (disambiguation page).

William Turner (born Oxford 1651; died London 13 January 1740) was a composer and singer in the Baroque period.  He lived at the same time as English composers such as Pelham Humfrey and Henry Purcell, although he lived a lot longer than they did.  He is remembered today as a composer of about 40 verse anthems.  As a singer, he was a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal from 1669 until his death.

Life
Turner started being a choir boy at Christ Church, Oxford.  Then he became a choir boy in the Chapel Royal in London.  He wrote an anthem together with John Blow and Pelham Humfrey, known as the Club Anthem.  When his voice broke in 1666 he had three years out of the choir, but returned in 1669 and sang as a countertenor in the Chapel Royal for another 71 years until his death.  He became a member of the King's Private Musick.  Besides his work at the king's court he was also a vicar-choral of St Paul's Cathedral and later a lay vicar of the choir of Westminster Abbey.  In 1696 he was given a doctorate of music by Cambridge University.  After that he was known as "Dr Turner".

Music
Most of his music was written before 1700.  It is nearly all church music, but he did write a few pieces for the theatre.  He wrote 40 anthems, three service settings and a motet.  One of his best anthems is God standeth in the congregation of Princes.  It includes a very dramatic solo for bass to the words "God reigneth over the heathen".

References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980; ISBN 1-56159-174-2

Countertenors
English composers
Baroque composers
1641 births
1740 deaths
Montehermoso (Montelmosu in Extremaduran language) is a municipality in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain.

Municipalities in Extremadura
Survivor: Thailand was the fifth season of the United States reality show Survivor. It was filmed in the summer of 2002 and was shown on TV from September 19 – December 19, 2002 on CBS. It was set on the island of Ko Tarutao in Thailand. There were fourteen episodes, one being shown each week. The season started with two tribes; an orange tribe, Chuay Gahn (Thai:  "to help one another") and a purple tribe, Sook Jai ( "happy heart" ). Later, they merged (combined) into one tribe, which the players named "Chuay Jai", made by mixing the names Chuay Gahn and Sook Jai. On December 19, 2002, Brian Heidik won against Clay Jordan by a vote of 4-3 to become the sole survivor.

The season had many new gameplay twists. The first happened on Day 1, when the two oldest players, Jake Billingsley and Jan Gentry, were given the power to pick their own tribes. This was the first time in Survivor history that the two starting teams were not chosen by the producers. The second was an offer of mutiny on Day 14, which means that the twelve players that were left could join the opposite tribe if they wanted to. No one took the offer. (The twist was used again during Survivor: Cook Islands, with two players switching tribes.)

The biggest twist of the season was the fake merge. When only ten players were left, the usual time for a merge, the two tribes moved onto one beach, with a feast waiting for them. The two tribes thought they were merging, and Shii Ann Huang tried to align herself with members of the other tribe. At the next challenge they went to, however, the two tribes were told that they were living on one beach, but were not merged yet. That day, Shii Ann's tribe lost immunity, and she was voted off.

Host Jeff Probst said that he didn't like this season, and called it his least favorite. He said the season was mean-spirited and had a lot of hostility and ugliness, even calling Brian, Clay, Helen, and Jan "the least likable final four ever."

Shii Ann was the only player this season to return in Survivor: All-Stars, where she placed 6th.

Players

The Total Votes is the number of votes a player got during Tribal Councils where the player is able to be voted out of the game. It does not count the votes they got during the final Tribal Council.

The game

If more than one tribe or player wins reward or immunity, they are listed in order of finish, or alphabetically if it was teamwork, or where one player won and invited others, the players they invited are in brackets.

 For the first time, the players would be bidding for items as tribes. Sook Jai and Chuay Gahn each got $1000 in American money.

 In a twist, the Survivors' family members competed in an insect food eating challenge to see their loved one. Helen's husband Jim actually won the challenge and he spent 24 hours at the Chuay Jai camp with her.

 In another twist, the players and their loved ones competed for immunity. Ted and his younger brother Aljuan won thus earning Ted immunity.

Voting history

References

Other websites
Official CBS Survivor Thailand Website

05
Ricardo Alexandre dos Santos (born 24 June 1976) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1994||rowspan="8"|Cruzeiro||rowspan="8"|Série A||2||0||||||||||2||0
|-
|1995||10||0||||||||||10||0
|-
|1996||20||1||||||||||20||1
|-
|1997||21||3||||||||||21||3
|-
|1998||20||1||||||||||20||1
|-
|1999||17||3||||||||||17||3
|-
|2000||21||5||||||||||21||5
|-
|2001||22||3||||||||||22||3

|-
|2002||rowspan="4"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||11||1||1||0||1||0||13||1
|-
|2003||21||4||0||0||3||1||24||5
|-
|2004||11||0||0||0||2||0||13||0
|-
|2005||8||0||0||0||1||0||9||0
|-
|2005||Kashima Antlers||J. League 1||13||0||0||0||0||0||13||0
|-
|2006||Kashiwa Reysol||J. League 2||32||8||0||0||colspan="2"|-||32||8

|-
|2007||Cruzeiro||Série A||5||0||||||||||5||0
|-
|2007||Corinthians Paulista||Série A||8||0||||||||||8||0
146||16||||||||||146||16
96||13||1||0||7||1||104||14
242||29||1||0||7||1||250||30
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||1||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}

References

1976 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Alberto Acosta (born 23 August 1966) is a former Argentine football player. He has played for Argentina national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1986/87||rowspan="2"|Unión||rowspan="2"|Primera División||39||7
|-
|1987/88||32||8
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="2"|San Lorenzo Almagro||rowspan="2"|Primera División||36||19
|-
|1989/90||28||15

|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Toulouse||rowspan="2"|Division 1||31||6
|-
|1991/92||7||0

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|San Lorenzo Almagro||rowspan="2"|Primera División||21||7
|-
|1992/93||19||12
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="2"|Boca Juniors||rowspan="2"|Primera División||18||7
|-
|1993/94||16||4

|-
|1994||rowspan="2"|Universidad Católica||rowspan="2"|Primera División||25||33
|-
|1995||20||10

|-
|1996||Yokohama Marinos||J. League 1||21||10

|-
|1997||Universidad Católica||Primera División||25||12

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|San Lorenzo Almagro||rowspan="2"|Primera División||19||9
|-
|1998/99||13||8

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="3"|Sporting Portugal||rowspan="3"|Portuguese Liga||13||3
|-
|1999/00||33||22
|-
|2000/01||32||14

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|San Lorenzo Almagro||rowspan="3"|Primera División||29||11
|-
|2002/03||30||11
|-
|2003/04||18||10
318||128
38||6
70||55
21||10
78||39
525||238
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1992||6||1
|-
|1993||9||0
|-
|1994||0||0
|-
|1995||4||2
|-
!Total||19||3
|}

References

1966 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
Argentine football managers
Gérald Passi (born January 24, 1964) is a former French football player. He has played for the French national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1981/82||rowspan="4"|Montpellier La Paillade||Division 1||4||0
|-
|1982/83||rowspan="3"|Division 2||16||1
|-
|1983/84||29||2
|-
|1984/85||23||3
|-
|1985/86||rowspan="5"|Toulouse||rowspan="5"|Division 1||35||10
|-
|1986/87||37||12
|-
|1987/88||22||8
|-
|1988/89||28||3
|-
|1989/90||26||8
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Monaco||rowspan="2"|Division 1||29||4
|-
|1991/92||30||6
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="3"|Saint-Étienne||rowspan="3"|Division 1||36||5
|-
|1993/94||14||2
|-
|1994/95||13||2

|-
|1995||Nagoya Grampus Eight||J. League 1||25||3
342||66
25||3
367||69
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1987||4||0
|-
|1988||7||2
|-
!Total||11||2
|}

Other websites
 National Football Teams

1964 births
Living people
French footballers
Hiromasa Suguri (born 29 July 1976) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|Honda||rowspan="3"|Football League||13||0||||||||||13||0
|-
|1996||25||4||||||||||25||4
|-
|1997||18||4||||||||||18||4
|-
|1998||rowspan="3"|Consadole Sapporo||J. League 1||20||1||3||0||1||0||24||1
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||25||3||2||0||1||0||28||3
|-
|2000||4||0||0||0||1||0||5||0
|-
|2000||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||3||0||0||0||2||0||5||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Omiya Ardija||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||10||0||0||0||0||0||10||0
|-
|2002||10||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||1
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||17||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|2004||25||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||26||1
|-
|2005||17||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||2
|-
|2005||Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 2||8||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||14||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||14||1
|-
|2007||22||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||22||0
231||17||5||0||8||0||244||17
231||17||5||0||8||0||244||17
|}

References

1976 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Dirty Harry is a 1971 American crime thriller movie. It was produced and directed by Don Siegel. It was the first in the Dirty Harry series. Clint Eastwood plays the main role. Eastwood acts as a San Francisco Police Department Inspector "Dirty" Harry Callaghan, trying to catch a serial killer. The character is based on real life cop Dave Toschi hunting for the Zodiac Killer.

Dirty Harry was followed by four sequels: Magnum Force in 1973, The Enforcer in 1976, Sudden Impact in 1983 (directed by Eastwood), and The Dead Pool in 1988.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 

1971 crime movies
1971 thriller movies
1970s serial killer movies
American serial killer movies
American crime thriller movies
American action thriller movies
Buddy cop movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
Movies about extortion
Movies about police officers
Chase movies
Movies set in San Francisco
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Don Siegel
Lindi Ortega (born May 28, 1980) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and musician, known for her voice that has been described as a blend of Dolly Parton, Johnny Cash and Emmylou Harris. She spent nearly a decade as an independent artist in the Toronto music scene, self-releasing two albums and an EP in that time. In 2008 she was signed to Cherrytree Records / Interscope Records and released a second EP. Lindi performed at the 2009 South by Southwest festival in Austin, Texas. In July 2009 Lindi was the opening act for Kevin Costner & Modern West's tour. In September 2009 Lindi performed on a cross-Canada tour as opening act for Keane's North American tour.

Discography

Studio albums and EPs

Compilations and soundtracks

References

Other websites 
 LindiOrtega.ca
 Lindi Ortega's MySpace profile

1980 births
Canadian songwriters
Living people
Singers from Toronto
Ofra Haza (Hebrew: עפרה חזה , full name: Bat-Sheva Ofra Haza-Ashkenazi, 19 November 1957 – 23 February 2000) was an Israeli (pop) singer. She was born in Tel Aviv and died in Ramat Gan. She died of AIDS and was buried in the Yarkon Cemetery in Petah Tikva.

Other websites 

 Ofra Haza Official Website  
 Ofra Haza at Internet Movie Database
 Ofra Haza memorial page at Find a Grave

1957 births
2000 deaths
Deaths from AIDS
Eurovision Song Contest entrants
Israeli pop singers
Israeli singers
Jewish Israeli musicians
People from Tel Aviv
Nestos, or Mesta, is a river in the Balkans that crosses two countries. Particularly, it starts from Bulgaria, then goes to Greece and at the end it drains into the Aegean Sea. Its length is 230 km.

Line
It starts between the southwestern area of the mountainy place called Rila and of the northwestern Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria. Then it goes through the Pirin mountains and it gets a lot of water from other smaller rivers. It crosses the valley of Nevrokopi and continues between Orvilos and Rhodope, entering Greece through Drama Prefecture. After that it goes to Xanthi Prefecture and cosses a narow and long valley. Eventually at the end, it goes through Xanthi and Chrysoupoli and it drains in the Aegean Sea, making a big delta.

Usefulness
It is a natural border between Macedonia and Thrace. It is an important river for the people there because there is a valley so they can water their crops or drink water, take a bath, do watersports etc. Greece and Bulgaria have been arguing for many years about Nestos. After a signed agreement in 1995 the copyrights of Bulgaria are 71% and Greece's 29%.

References

Geography of Bulgaria
Rivers of Greece
Pinecone fishes are small and unusual fish of the family Monocentridae. The family contains just four species.  They live in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific. Pinecone fishes are popular in aquariums, but are expensive and a challenge for the hobbyist.

The pineapplefish, Cleidopus gloriamaris, is the largest species, reaching up to  in length.

Life history 
Pinecone fishes live in ledges and caves, rocky and coral reefs over a hard bottom. Pinecone fishes are nocturnal.

Species 

 Genus Cleidopus
 Pineapplefish, Cleidopus gloriamaris De Vis, 1882.
 Genus Monocentris
 Monocentris japonica (Houttuyn, 1782).
 Monocentris neozelanicus (Powell, 1938).
 Monocentris reedi Schultz, 1956.

References

Ray-finned fish
Survivor: The Amazon was the sixth season of the American reality show Survivor.  It was filmed in 2002. There were thirteen episodes, one was shown each week on CBS from February 13 - May 11, 2003.

Sixteen players were sent to the Amazon to compete to win one million dollars. For the first time ever, the starting tribes were divided by gender. The two starting tribes were the all-female Jaburu (named after a native stork) and the all-male Tambaqui (a native fish).  They later merged (combined into one tribe), which the players named "Jacaré" (Portuguese for "alligator").  It started and ended as a battle of the genders.  The winner of Survivor: The Amazon was Jenna Morasca, a 21-year-old swimsuit model from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who won against Matthew Von Ertfelda by a vote of 6-1. The season finale (last episode) included the announcement of the winner and a live reunion of all the season's players at the Ed Sullivan Theater in New York City, on David Letterman's Late Show stage which was decorated to look like the set in the Amazon.

The season is well known for having the first reality show player with a disability, the hearing impaired Christy Smith.

Another well-known moment in this season was an immunity challenge where the players would have to stand on a pole longer than everyone else. While all the players were standing on a pole, the players were told that they'd be given a bunch of different rewards for hopping off on purpose.  Right away, Jenna Morasca and Heidi Strobel said that they would take off all of their clothes if they were given chocolate and peanut butter. Probst said yes, and a very naked Jenna and Heidi left the challenge and ate a plate of Oreo cookies and peanut butter. This got them a cover shot and a nude picture in a Playboy spread.

Jenna Morasca and Rob Cesternino returned in Survivor: All-Stars, where they placed 16th and 15th.

Players

The Total Votes is the number of votes a player got during Tribal Councils where the player is able to be voted out of the game. It does not count the votes they got during the final Tribal Council.

The game

If more than one tribe or player wins reward or immunity, they are listed in order of finish, or alphabetically if it was teamwork, or where one player won and invited others, the players they invited are in brackets.

 There was no Reward Challenge.

 There was no Reward Challenge due to tribal switch.

 There was no Reward Challenge due to tribal merge.

 Jenna won immunity but gave it to Heidi during tribal council.

Voting history

References

Other websites
 Official CBS Survivor The Amazon Website

06
Patrick Lalime (born July 7, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender and current analyst on Ottawa Senators television broadcasts. Lalime played a career total of 12 seasons in the NHL. He was drafted 156th overall by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. He retired from playing ice hockey on July 20, 2011 so he could become an analyst on Ottawa Senators television broadcasts on RDS.

Career statistics

Regular season

Playoffs

Other websites
The Patrick Lalime Official Site 

1974 births
American Hockey League players
Buffalo Sabres players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
ECHL players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Living people
Ottawa Senators players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Shawinigan Cataractes players
St. Louis Blues players
Herrerasaurus was one of the earliest dinosaurs. All known fossils of this carnivore have been discovered in Upper Triassic strata dated to 231.4 million years ago (mya) in northwestern Argentina.

It is a member of the Herrerasauridae, a family of similar genera that were among the earliest dinosaurs.

Description 
Herrerasaurus was a lightly built bipedal carnivore with a long tail and a relatively small head. Its length is estimated at 3 to 6 meters (10 to 20 ft), and its hip height at more than 1.1 meters (3.3 ft). It may have weighed around 210–350 kilograms (463–772 lb).

In a large specimen the skull measured 56 centimeters (1.8 ft) in length. Smaller specimens had skulls about 30 centimeters (1 ft) long.

The tail, partially stiffened by overlapping vertebral projections, balanced the body and was also an adaptation for speed.

Palaeoenvironment 
The paleoenvironment of the Ischigualasto Formation (where it was found) was a volcanically active floodplain covered by forests with strong seasonal rainfall. The climate was moist and warm, with seasonal variations. Vegetation consisted of ferns, horsetails, and giant conifers. These plants formed lowland forests along the banks of rivers. Herrerasaurus eas the most common of the carnivores of the Ischigualasto Formation.

Herrerasaurus lived in these jungles alongside a smaller dinosaur, the one metre long Eoraptor, as well as Saurosuchus, a huge quadrupedal Archosaur. There were also a number of therapsid and reptilian herbivores. The dinosaurs had not yet taken control of the land environments as they did later.

References 

Theropods
Triassic dinosaurs
Dinosaurs of South America
Jason Earles (born April 26, 1977), is an American actor who is best known for playing the role of Jackson Stewart in Hannah Montana.

Personal life
Jason Earles was born in San Diego, California. After his family had lived in both Ohio and Washington, they moved to Oregon. Before his family moved to southern California, they lived in Billings, Montana, where he graduated from Rocky Mountain College in 2000. He has given several pieces of Hannah Montana cast memorabilia (items people collect to remember something) to the college's fund raisers.

References

American television actors
Actors from San Diego, California
Living people
1977 births
is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992||rowspan="5"|JEF United Ichihara||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||||||0||0||0||0
|-
|1993||6||0||1||0||1||0||8||0
|-
|1994||27||0||2||0||0||0||29||0
|-
|1995||48||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||49||0
|-
|1996||20||0||1||0||14||0||35||0
|-
|1997||Brummell Sendai||Football League||4||0||2||0||3||0||9||0
|-
|1998||Omiya Ardija||Football League||22||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||22||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="6"|Yokohama||rowspan="2"|Football League||16||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|2000||19||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||21||1
|-
|2001||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||17||1||0||0||3||0||20||1
|-
|2002||19||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|-
|2003||28||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||28||2
|-
|2004||4||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
230||4||12||0||21||0||263||4
230||4||12||0||21||0||263||4
|}

References

1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Ibaraki Prefecture
is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|Sumitomo Metal||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 2||9||2||||||1||0||10||2
|-
|1990/91||8||1||||||1||0||9||1
|-
|1991/92||21||9||||||2||2||23||11
|-
|1992||rowspan="7"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="7"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||1||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|1993||12||3||1||0||2||1||15||4
|-
|1994||8||0||1||0||0||0||9||0
|-
|1995||23||3||3||0||colspan="2"|-||26||3
|-
|1996||21||5||3||0||4||0||28||5
|-
|1997||12||4||0||0||4||0||16||4
|-
|1998||21||6||2||0||5||1||28||7
|-
|1999||rowspan="5"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||27||5||2||0||4||0||33||5
|-
|2000||17||2||3||0||4||0||24||2
|-
|2001||24||5||3||0||2||2||29||7
|-
|2002||J. League 2||28||13||3||0||colspan="2"|-||31||13
|-
|2003||J. League 1||10||1||0||0||2||0||12||1
|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||J. League 2||14||2||3||1||colspan="2"|-||17||3
|-
|2004||J. League 1||6||0||0||0||1||0||7||0
|-
|2004||Yokohama||J. League 2||13||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||14||1
274||62||26||1||32||6||332||69
274||62||26||1||32||6||332||69
|}

References

1971 births
Living people
Footballers from Ibaraki Prefecture
Jean-Alain Boumsong (born 14 December 1979) is a French football player. He plays for Olympique Lyonnais and France national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Le Havre||rowspan="3"|Division 1||1||0
|-
|1998/99||18||1
|-
|1999/00||23||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|Auxerre||rowspan="2"|Division 1||32||0
|-
|2001/02||34||1
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||33||1
|-
|2003/04||32||1

|-
|2004/05||Rangers||Premier League||18||2

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Newcastle United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||14||0
|-
|2005/06||33||0

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Juventus||Serie B||33||2
|-
|2007/08||Serie A||0||0

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Olympique Lyonnais||rowspan="3"|Ligue 1||8||0
|-
|2008/09||32||1
|-
|2009/10||||
213||5
18||2
57||0
33||2
321||9
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2003||3||1
|-
|2004||5||0
|-
|2005||9||0
|-
|2006||4||0
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
|2008||4||0
|-
|2009||1||0
|-
!Total||27||1
|}

References

1979 births
Living people
French footballers
Pascal Chimbonda (born 21 February 1979) is a Guadeloupean-French football player. He has played for Guadeloupe national team and France national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="4"|Le Havre||Division 1||2||0||||||||||||||2||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Division 2||32||1||||||||||||||32||1
|-
|2001/02||27||2||||||||||||||27||2
|-
|2002/03||Ligue 1||24||2||||||||||||||24||2
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Bastia||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||31||1||||||||||||||31||1
|-
|2004/05||36||3||||||||||||||36||3

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Wigan Athletic||rowspan="2"|Premier League||37||2||2||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||43||2
|-
|2006/07||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="2"|Premier League||33||1||4||0||2||0||10||0||49||1
|-
|2007/08||32||2||2||0||6||1||9||0||49||3
|-
|2008/09||Sunderland||Premier League||13||0||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|-
|2008/09||Tottenham Hotspur||Premier League||3||0||0||0||0||0||2||0||5||0
|-
|2009/10||Blackburn Rovers||Premier League||||||||||||||||||||
152||9||||||||||||||152||9
119||5||10||0||13||1||21||0||163||6
271||14||10||0||13||1||21||0||315||15
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2003||3||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}

|-
|2006||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

1979 births
Living people
Guadeloupe
French footballers
Yuji Ito (born 20 May 1965) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1984||rowspan="8"|Yanmar Diesel||rowspan="7"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1985/86||||||||||||||||
|-
|1986/87||||||||||||||||
|-
|1987/88||||||||||||||||
|-
|1988/89||||||||||||||||
|-
|1989/90||||||||||||||||
|-
|1990/91||22||0||||||2||0||24||0
|-
|1991/92||JSL Division 2||30||0||||||1||0||31||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="8"|Nagoya Grampus Eight||rowspan="8"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1993||17||0||3||0||5||0||25||0
|-
|1994||19||0||2||0||1||0||22||0
|-
|1995||49||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||52||0
|-
|1996||29||0||1||0||5||0||35||0
|-
|1997||32||0||1||0||10||0||43||0
|-
|1998||29||0||2||0||4||0||35||0
|-
|1999||7||0||0||0||2||0||9||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="3"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||22||0||0||0||0||0||22||0
|-
|2001||38||0||2||0||1||0||41||0
|-
|2002||19||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
313||0||14||0||31||0||358||0
313||0||14||0||31||0||358||0
|}

References

1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Mie Prefecture
Japanese association football goalkeepers
Hogan Ephraim (born 31 March 1988) is an English football player. He plays for Leeds United.

Club career statistics

|-
|2005/06||West Ham United||Premier League||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|2006/07||Colchester United||League Championship||21||1||0||0||0||0||21||1
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Queens Park Rangers||rowspan="2"|League Championship||29||2||1||0||0||0||30||2
|-
|2008/09||27||1||2||0||0||0||29||1
|-
|2009/10||Leeds United||League One||3||0||0||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|2009/10||Queens Park Rangers||League Championship||||||||||||||||
80||4||3||0||1||0||84||4
80||4||3||0||1||0||84||4
|}

References

1988 births
Living people
English footballers
Sportspeople from London
Premier League players
Nicky Hofs (born 17 May 1983) is a Dutch football player. He plays for Vitesse.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Vitesse||rowspan="4"|Eredivisie||13||2
|-
|2002/03||13||2
|-
|2003/04||27||5
|-
|2004/05||16||6
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="4"|Feyenoord Rotterdam||rowspan="4"|Eredivisie||12||5
|-
|2005/06||14||3
|-
|2006/07||19||7
|-
|2007/08||23||6
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Vitesse||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||30||7
|-
|2009/10||||
167||43
167||43
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2006||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

1983 births
Living people
Dutch footballers
People from Arnhem
Sportspeople from Gelderland
Jasenovac i Gradiška Stara (Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška) is a Croatian song promoting the Ustaše. The lyrics celebrate the World War II crimes against the Serbs. The lyrics include words in the typical dialect of Herzegovina, where some of the worst atrocities against Serbs during WWII happened.

In 2007, Efraim Zuroff reported in the Jerusalem Post that during a performance by Marko Perković of the Croatian band Thompson at Maksimir Stadium, there were a large number of Ustaše symbols and fascist salutes among the crowd (which included politicians, government officials and celebrities), helping to create an air of discomfort among Croatia's minorities in the region at the time.  Zuroff claimed that Perković gained notoriety two years earlier for having performed a modified version of the song, which "expressed nostalgia for those two infamous Croatian concentration camps in which at least 300,000 innocent Serbs, Jews, Gypsies and anti-fascist Croatians were murdered by the Ustashe with nary a Nazi in sight."

Perkovic himself denies writing or even performing the song, stating that he is a musician, not a politician. An organizer for a Thompson tour of New York City also defended Perkovic, saying he did not write the song nor is a copy available on any of his albums.

Lyrics

Related pages
Independent State of Croatia
Thompson (band)
Ustaše

References

Other websites
 Audio recording of the song performed by Marko Perković Thompson in Osijek in 2002

Songs
Croatia
Motoo Kimura (13 November 1924 – 13 November 1994) was a Japanese mathematician and biologist. He was known for introducing the neutral theory of molecular evolution in 1968. "Calculating the rate of evolution in terms of nucleotide substitutions seems to give a value so high that many of the mutations involved must be neutral ones".

He became one of the most influential theoretical population geneticists:
 Motoo Kimura's research contributions can be divided into two parts. The first is a series of papers on theoretical population genetics, the quality and quantity of which place him as the successor to the great trinity, R.A. Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane and Sewall Wright. The second is his neutral theory, the idea that the bulk of molecular evolutionary changes are driven by mutation and random chance, rather than by natural selection.

Kimura was heavily influenced by Sewall Wright; the main distinction being that Wright was mainly interested in populations, whereas the core of Motoo's work was in changes at the molecular level. Modified versions of Kimura's ideas are still in use today.

In 1992, Kimura received the Darwin Medal from the Royal Society, and the following year he was made a Foreign Member of the Royal Society.

Honours
 Weldon Memorial Prize (UK), 1965.
 Japan Academy Prize, 1968.
 Order of Culture (Japan), 1976.
 Royal Society (UK), Darwin Medal in 1992; Foreign member, 1993.

References 

1924 births
1994 deaths
Japanese mathematicians
Geneticists
Evolutionary biologists
People from Aichi Prefecture
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, also written Ahmadinezhad (; born October 28, 1956) is an Iranian politician who was the sixth President of the Islamic Republic of Iran. He was president from August 3, 2005 to August 3, 2013.

Ahmadinejad became the mayor of Tehran, the capital of Iran, on May 3, 2003. He was chosen to be the president in elections on June 24, 2005. Many people think he is very religious. Because of that, the religious leadership in Iran supported him in many ways when he was elected.

Ahmadinajad's political power comes from the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, also known as "Abadgaran". This is an alliance between Islamic parties and organizations.

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has a Master of Science in Civil engineering from the Iran University of Science and Techology. He also has a PhD in  transportation engineering from the same university. Hassan Rouhani was elected on June 15, 2013 as Ahmadinejad's successor and took office on August 3, 2013.

His brother was failed presidential candidate and staff member Davoud Ahmadinejad (1950–2017).

References

Notes

1956 births
Living people
Iranian Muslims
Mayors
Presidents of Iran
Espoo shopping mall shooting was a mass shooting in the Sello shopping mall, in Espoo, near Helsinki, Finland on 31 December 2009. 

The shooter killed five people, including his ex-wife, and then killed himself.

Events 
It is believed one of the main motives or reasons behind the shooting was the affair Shkupoll's ex-wife was having with another man who worked in the mall. The shooter killed his girlfriend in their apartment, and police were already looking for him when he began shooting in the mall. Police say he used an illegally purchaed 9mm handgun to commit the murders.

References 

2009 crimes
2009 in Europe
2000s murders in Europe
21st century in Finland
Attacks on buildings and structures in Europe
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 2000s
Attacks on shops
December events
Shopping mall shooting
Mass murder in Europe
Mass murder in the 2000s
Mass shootings in Europe
Mass shootings in the 2000s
Murder-suicides in Europe
Murders by firearm in Europe
Suicide in the 2000s
Aquatic is a term often used in biology and ecology. Literally, it means watery, and refers to both fresh and salt-water. So aquatic plants or animals are those that live in water: ponds, rivers, oceans. Aquatic mammals include whales, dolphins, seals, walrus, and also otters, beavers, and other river forms. Aquatic birds are even more numerous: ducks, herons, waders, kingfishers, penguins. 

Ecology
The Cryogenian is a geological period, from ~720 million years ago (mya) to 635 mya. It lies in the middle Proterozoic eon before the Ediacaran period.

The period is important to both Earth science and biology because it contains the two longest and most severe ice ages of all time: 
 The Sturtian ice age 717 mya to 660 mya
 The Marinoan ice age 650 mya to 635 mya

These two snowball earth events were previously put together as the Varangian glaciation. They covered much, possible all, the Earth with ice. The root cause of the temperature drop may have been the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere by photosynthesising bacteria and eukaryotes in the previous periods. Much else happened: the supercontinent Rodinia broke up and another, Pannotia, began to form. Fossil steroids suggest the presence of early sponges, and amoeboid cells with tests (coverings) appear in the fossil record.

Neoproterozoic
The Great Eastern Railway (GER) was a pre-grouping British railway company. The company's main line linked London Liverpool Street to Norwich and had other lines through East Anglia.  The company was grouped into the London and North Eastern Railway in 1923.

Other websites 

 Great Eastern Railway Society
 Archived copy of a page containing comprehensive details of those railways
 Shipping interests of the company
 Manningtree Rail Users Association

Pre-grouping British railway companies
London and North Eastern Railway
Transport in Epping Forest
1862 establishments in the United Kingdom
1860s establishments in England
1923 disestablishments
1920s disestablishments in England
Pascal Zuberbühler (born 8 January 1971) is a Swiss football player. He has played for Switzerland national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="8"|Grasshopper Zürich||rowspan="8"|Nationalliga A||9||0
|-
|1992/93||21||0
|-
|1993/94||0||0
|-
|1994/95||33||0
|-
|1995/96||24||0
|-
|1996/97||36||0
|-
|1997/98||28||0
|-
|1998/99||36||0
|-
|1999/00||Basel||Nationalliga A||36||0

|-
|2000/01||Bayer Leverkusen||Bundesliga||13||0

|-
|2000/01||Aarau||Nationalliga A||2||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="6"|Basel||rowspan="3"|Nationalliga A||3||0
|-
|2001/02||36||0
|-
|2002/03||35||0
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Super League||35||0
|-
|2004/05||33||0
|-
|2005/06||36||0

|-
|2006/07||West Bromwich Albion||League Championship||15||0

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Neuchâtel Xamax||Challenge League||17||0
|-
|2007/08||Super League||34||0

|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Fulham||rowspan="2"|Premier League||0||0
|-
|2009/10||||
454||0
13||0
15||0
482||0
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1994||1||0
|-
|1995||2||0
|-
|1996||0||0
|-
|1997||0||0
|-
|1998||2||0
|-
|1999||1||0
|-
|2000||6||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||2||0
|-
|2003||4||0
|-
|2004||7||0
|-
|2005||11||0
|-
|2006||11||0
|-
|2007||3||0
|-
|2008||1||0
|-
!Total||51||0
|}

References 

1971 births
Living people
Swiss footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Manabu Ikeda (born 3 July 1983) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1999||rowspan="4"|Urawa Red Diamonds||J. League 1||17||2||2||1||3||0||22||3
|-
|2000||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||13||0||3||0||4||0||20||0
|-
|2002||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||13||0||||||colspan="2"|-||13||0
|-
|2004||1||0||||||colspan="2"|-||1||0
44||2||5||1||7||0||56||3
44||2||5||1||7||0||56||3
|}

References

1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
Tim Cahill (born 6 December 1979) is an Australian football player. He plays for Everton and Australia national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="7"|Millwall||rowspan="4"|Second Division||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1998/99||37||6||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||37||6
|-
|1999/00||45||12||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||48||12
|-
|2000/01||41||9||2||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||47||10
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|First Division||43||13||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||47||13
|-
|2002/03||11||3||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||3
|-
|2003/04||40||9||7||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||48||12
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="6"|Everton||rowspan="6"|Premier League||33||11||2||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||38||12
|-
|2005/06||32||6||3||1||0||0||4||1||39||8
|-
|2006/07||18||5||0||0||3||2||colspan="2"|-||21||7
|-
|2007/08||18||7||0||0||4||1||6||2||28||10
|-
|2008/09||30||8||7||1||1||0||2||0||40||9
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
349||89||24||6||20||4||12||3||405||102
349||89||24||6||20||4||12||3||405||102
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2004||5||7
|-
|2005||9||1
|-
|2006||8||3
|-
|2007||5||1
|-
|2008||3||2
|-
|2009||7||5
|-
!Total||37||19
|}

References 

1979 births
Living people
Australian footballers
Sportspeople from Sydney
John van Loen (born 4 February 1965) is a former Dutch football player. He has played for Netherlands national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1983/84||rowspan="5"|Utrecht||rowspan="5"|Eredivisie||2||0
|-
|1984/85||22||5
|-
|1985/86||30||15
|-
|1986/87||31||11
|-
|1987/88||31||13
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="2"|Roda||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||31||8
|-
|1989/90||25||17

|-
|1990/91||Anderlecht||First Division||26||3

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Ajax||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||30||10
|-
|1992/93||7||1
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="3"|Feyenoord Rotterdam||rowspan="3"|Eredivisie||16||4
|-
|1993/94||23||9
|-
|1994/95||15||4

|-
|1995||Sanfrecce Hiroshima||J. League 1||36||9

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="3"|Utrecht||rowspan="3"|Eredivisie||14||1
|-
|1996/97||25||6
|-
|1997/98||12||0

|-
|1998/99||APOEL Nicosia||First Division||0||0
314||104
26||3
36||9
0||0
376||116
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1985||1||0
|-
|1986||0||0
|-
|1987||0||0
|-
|1988||1||0
|-
|1989||3||1
|-
|1990||2||0
|-
!Total||7||1
|}

References

1965 births
Living people
Dutch footballers
Sportspeople from Utrecht (city)
Andrea Orlandi (born 3 August 1984) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Swansea City.

Club career statistics

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Barcelona||rowspan="2"|La Liga||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2006/07||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Swansea City||rowspan="2"|League One||8||0||4||0||0||0||12||0
|-
|2008/09||11||1||2||0||2||0||15||1
|-
|2009/10||League Championship||||||||||||||||
1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
19||1||6||0||2||0||26||1
20||1||6||0||2||0||27||1
|}

References

1984 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Sportspeople from Barcelona
Ludovic Sylvestre (born 5 February 1984) is a French football player. He plays for Mladá Boleslav.

Club career statistics

|-
|2005/06||Barcelona||La Liga||2||0

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Sparta Prague||rowspan="2"|Gambrinus liga||19||0
|-
|2007/08||6||0
|-
|2007/08||Viktoria Plzeň||Gambrinus liga||14||3
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Mladá Boleslav||rowspan="2"|Gambrinus liga||29||3
|-
|2009/10||||
2||0
68||7
70||7
|}

References

1984 births
Living people
French footballers
English National Opera (ENO) is an opera company based in London, England.  The opera house where it performs is called the London Coliseum.  It is in St. Martin's Lane, very near Trafalgar Square.  It is one of the two big opera companies in London.  The other big one is the Royal Opera (ROH), Covent Garden.  The English National Opera is different because the operas there are always sung in English.  The ticket prices are not quite as high as at the ROH.

History 
The beginnings of the ENO go back to 1898 when Lilian Baylis gave a series of opera concerts at the Old Vic theatre.  About ten years later she started a theatre company there. She put on Shakespeare's plays in a shortened form.  She added a small group of dancers to the company. The Sadler's Wells Theatre opened, and the company were called the Vic-Wells Opera Company.  The dancers later separated from Vic-Wells and became the Royal Ballet.

The company toured while the theatre was closed during the Second World War.  At the end of the war it came back and was called Sadler's Wells Opera Company, and the theatre opened again with a performance of Benjamin Britten's Peter Grimes.  It was the first English opera since the time of Purcell to become internationally famous. 
In 1968 Sadler's Wells Opera moved from Sadler's Wells Theatre to the London Coliseum.  Six years later the company was renamed English National Opera.

Since then the ENO has put on many great opera productions.  For many years the general director was Peter Jonas, the artistic director was David Poutney and the conductor (musical director) was Mark Elder.

In 2004 many improvements were made to the building.  While the building was going on the ENO performed in the Barbican Centre.

Although ENO performs all operas in English, in 2005 it introduced surtitles at the Coliseum.  This makes it easier for the audience to understand the words being sung.

In 2007 the conductor Edward Gardner became music director of ENO.

Music directors
Lawrance Collingwood (Chief Conductor, 1931-1941, Music Director 1941-1946) 
James Robertson (1946-1954) 
Alexander Gibson (1957-1959) 
Colin Davis (1961-1965) 
Mario Bernardi (1966-1968) and Bryan Balkwill (1966-1969), co-Music Directors 
Sir Charles Mackerras (1970-1977)
Sir Charles Groves (1978-1979)
Mark Elder (1979-1993)
Sian Edwards (1993-1997)
Paul Daniel (1997-2005)
Edward Gardner (2007-present)

Other websites
 ENO website
 ENO history

1900s establishments in England
Gilbert and Sullivan
Opera companies
London
A green belt or greenbelt is a policy and land use designation used in land use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped, wild, or agricultural land surrounding or neighbouring urban areas. Similar concepts are greenways or green wedges which have a linear character and may run through an urban area instead of around it.  A green belt is basically an invisible line that goes around a certain area, stopping people from building there so that some of the wild and agricultural land can be saved.

Real estate
Urban planning
Local government
Jacopo Peri (born Rome, 20 August 1561; died Florence, 12 August 1633) was an Italian composer and singer. He composed the first opera ever written.

Life
Peri was born in Rome, but studied in Florence. He had several church jobs, playing the organ and singing. He also worked at the court of the Medici family, playing instruments and composing incidental music for plays and madrigals.

In the 1590s, Peri worked for Jacopo Corsi, the most important patron of music in Florence. They felt that art at that time (music, drama, painting etc.) was not as good as the classical art that had been produced 2000 years ago in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. They wanted to write drama like the old Greek tragedies. In music they started to write "monody", which meant a solo song with a continuo bass accompaniment. They soon started to realize that just monody on its own could become boring, so they developed it into recitative (where the story could be told) and aria (where the singers could express their feelings in song). Peri and Corsi asked the poet Ottavio Rinuccini to write some words for them and together they produced the opera Dafne. It was probably nothing like what the Ancient Greeks would have done, but it was the first opera in modern times.

In 1600, Rinuccini and Peri wrote another opera together: Euridice.  We still have the music Euridice, although unfortunately the music to Dafne has been lost.

Peri wrote several other operas, although they are not great works. However, a very great composer was around at the time. His name was Claudio Monteverdi. In 1607, he started writing operas and his operas are often performed today.

1600 is the date usually thought of as the beginning of the Baroque music period. It is a convenient date because it is when opera started.

References
"Jacopo Peri", in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie.  20 vol.  London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.  

1561 births
1633 deaths
Baroque composers
Italian composers
Musicians from Rome
Renaissance composers
Blake Hall station is a disused station in Essex, formerly on the Central Line of the London Underground  between North Weald and Ongar.

Notes 

Disused London Underground stations
1865 establishments in the United Kingdom
Epping Ongar Railway
Former single platform tube stations
1981 disestablishments
Martin Bell, OBE, (born 31 August 1938) is a British UNICEF (UNICEF UK) Ambassador, a former broadcast war reporter and former independent politician.

1938 births
Living people
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
British war correspondents
British television presenters
Independent politicians
Politicians from Suffolk
Francesco Cavalli (born Crema, Lombardy, 14 February 1602; died 14 January 1676) was an Italian composer.  He lived in the early part of the Baroque music period. His real name was Pietro Francesco Caletti-Bruni, but he is better known as Cavalli, which was the name of his patron, a Venetian nobleman.  He is remembered for his operas.

Life
Cavalli was born at Crema, Lombardy. He became a singer at St Mark's in Venice in 1616, then he was organist there, and in 1668 he became maestro di cappella.

He began to write for the theatre in 1639. Soon after that the first public opera house opened in Venice. Cavalli became so famous that he was invited to Paris in 1660 where he performed his opera Xerxes. He visited Paris again in 1662. He died in Venice at the age of 73.

Music and influence
Cavalli lived at the time that opera had just been invented by Jacopo Peri.  Claudio Monteverdi composed the first really good operas.  Cavalli became the most important Italian writer of operas in the middle of the 17th century.  His operas use small orchestras, unlike those of Monteverdi, who was writing for the court in Mantua where there was lots of money for big orchestras.  Cavalli had a good sense of drama and he wrote lovely melodies.

He wrote 57 operas, of which 27 survived.  He also wrote some church music and some instrumental music.

1602 births
1676 deaths
Italian composers
Baroque composers
People from Lombardy