cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jeffrey Paul Mass (June 29, 1940 – March 30, 2001) was an American academic, historian, author and Japanologist.  He was Yamato Ichihashi Professor of Japanese History at Stanford University.

Early life
Mass was born in New York City in 1940. He earned a BA degree in history from Hamilton College in 1961. He received his PhD. in history from Yale University in 1971.

Career
Mass joined the Stanford University faculty in 1973.  He became a full professor in 1981.

Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Mass, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 30+ works in 110+ publications in 3 languages and 5,000+ library holdings. 
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 Warrior government in early medieval Japan: a study of the Kamakura Bakufu, shugo and jitō, 1974
 The Kamakura bakufu: a study in documents, 1976
 The development of Kamakura rule, 1180-1250: a history with documents, 1979
 Court and Bakufu in Japan: essays in Kamakura history, 1982 
 The Bakufu in Japanese history, 1985
 Lordship and inheritance in Early Medieval Japan: a study of the Kamakura Soryō system, 1989
 Antiquity and anachronism in Japanese history, 1992
 The origins of Japan's medieval world: courtiers, clerics, warriors, and peasants in the fourteenth century, 1997 
 Yoritomo and the founding of the first Bakufu: the origins of dual government in Japan, 1999

References

Other websites
  Mass, Jeffrey P., 1940-2001 at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

  Jeffrey P. Mass, 1940-2001 at MeijiGakuin.ac.jp

1940 births
2001 deaths
American historians
Japanologists
A staphylococcal infection (also called staph infection) is an infection caused by a Staphylococcus bacterium. Staphylococcus can cause many different infections. It can also cause food poisoning.

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a staphylococcus bacterium that can cause dangerous or even fatal diseases. Because Staphylococcus aureus can live on dry surfaces, such as doorknobs or tables, for longer than most bacteria, someone can get sick from Staphylococcus aureus from touching one of those surfaces if someone with a staphylococcal infection has touched it even if there is nobody who has a staphylococcal infection near them. Staphylococcus aureus can also cause toxic shock syndrome by releasing toxins into the bloodstream.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is Staphylococcus aureus that is not cured by the antibiotic Methicillin or any other penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics. This is called antibiotic resistance. Because penicillin and cephalosporin are the most important drugs that doctors use to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections, doctors may not be able to cure people with MRSA.

Types of staph infections

Other Staphylococcus bacteria
Other Staphylococcus bacteria can cause infections, including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a bacterium that is normally on the skin. If someone has a disease that makes his or her immune system work badly, this bacterium might give him or her an infection. Staphylococcus saprophyticus can cause urinary tract infections in women.

Diseases caused by bacteria
Musa Ibrahim () is a Bangladeshi mountaineer and a journalist. He reached the summit around 5:05am BST on May 23, 2010. He put up the flag of Bangladesh on the summit at around 5:16am BST. From then, Bangladesh became the 67th country to have one of its citizens reach the top of Mount Everest.

Musa Ibrahim is the General Secretary of North Alpine Club Bangladesh, a Bangladeshi mountaineering club. He also serves as Senior Correspondent at Channel 24. He also served as the sub-editor of The Daily Star. 
He founded "Everest Academy" on 2011 to get more young people to participate in mountaineering and adventure activities.

Musa reached the top of Mount Kilimanjaro on 13 September 2011, with his team member Niaz Morshed Patwary.

Education 
Musa Ibrahim attained his Bachelor of Education(B.Ed) degree on Science Education and Master of Education(M.Ed) degree on Educational Evaluation and Research from 'Institute of Education and Research (IER), University of Dhaka. He also attained a degree on Disaster Management from BRAC University. Musa Ibrahim was a student of Thakurgaon Sugar Mills High School during 1983 to 1994.

Family 
Musa Ibrahim is the second child of his parents. His father's name is Ansar Ali and mother's name is Bilkis Begum. His elder sister is Noor Ayesha, UN employee and younger brother is Shoeb Harun, studying in Sydney, Australia. He got married in January 2007 to Ummey Sharaban Tahura, Assistant Judge. Their only son is Wasi Ibrahim Raiid.

Mountaineering timeline
September 13, 2011: Mount Kilimanjaro (5,885 m/19,308 ft) Summit
May 23, 2010: Everest(8848m/29,029 ft) Summit
June 14, 2009: Annapurna IV (7525m/24682 ft) Summit
December 1, 2008: Langsisa Ri (6310m/20700 ft) Summit
May, 2007: Chullu West(6419m/21054 ft)Ascent up to  18500 ft
May, 2006: Frey Peak(5831m/19125 ft) Summit
September, 2005: Advanced Mountaineering Training(5335m/17500 ft) Finished training successfully
May, 2005: Mera Peak(6654m/21825 ft) Ascent up to  18500 ft
May 10–23, 2004: EBC Trail(5335m/17500 ft) Trekked successfully
April, 2004: Basic Mountaineering Training(4878m/16000 ft) Finished training successfully
April 8–16, 2002: Annapurna Trail(3800m/12464 ft) Ascent Muktinath
September 2000: Keocradong Hill(967m/3172 ft) Trekked to the top successfully

References

 thedailystar.net

Other websites
Musa's official website
http://jugantor.info/enews/issue/2010/05/25/news0454.php 
http://www.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2010-05-25/news/65859 
http://www.bdnews24.com/details.php?cid=2&id=162247&hb=top 

1979 births
Living people
Bangladeshi journalists
Mountain climbers
Alexander Vladislavovich Solovyev (; born 1978) is a notable Russian choirmaster, conductor, and public figure in music.

Activities 
 Choirmaster and director of the Chamber Choir of the Moscow Conservatory
 Deputy Art director and choirmaster of the Russian State Chorus named after Sveshnikov
 Art director and conductor of the Japanese opera «O-Natsu», project of the World Music Studies Center
 Founder and Chief conductor of the Concert Choir of the Moscow Pedagogical State University
 Conductor of the Moscow State Theatre «Lenkom»
 Teacher of the Choir conducting department at the Moscow Tchaikovsky Conservatory
 Senior lecturer of the Music Department of MPSU
 Director of the Autumn Choral Festival of the Moscow Conservatory
 In 2004 Laureate «Grand Prix» of Youth choral competition «Moscow is Sounding»
 In 2006 Laureate of I All-Russian Festival-competition of Liturgy Music after Sergey Taneev
 In 2007 Laureate of the Lomonossov Award
 In 2004, 2008 Laureate of Moscow Student Festival «Festos»
 since 2012 A. Solovyev art director of the Chamber Choir of Moscow Conservarory
 since October 2012 the main guest conductor of Educational Bridge Project Festival Choir (Boston, USA)

References
 A. Solovyev on official site of Moscow conservatory  
 Interkultur 
 Educational Bridge Project

1978 births
Living people
Russian conductors
Sidney Altman (born May 7, 1939)  is a Canadian-American molecular biologist. He is currently  Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Chemistry at Yale University. In 1989 he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas Cech for their work on the catalytic properties of RNA. Altman is of Jewish descent.

Altman's Nobel Prize work came with the analysis of the catalytic properties of the ribozyme RNase P. RNase P is a ribonucleoprotein particle, part RNA and part protein. Originally it was thought that, in the bacterial RNase P complex, the protein subunit was responsible for the catalytic activity of the complex.

During experiments in which the complex was taken apart and put together in test tubes, Altman and his group discovered a remarkable thing.  The RNA component, in isolation, was enough for the observed catalytic activity of the enzyme. This was remarkable because, previously, it was thought that only enzymes could catalyse reactions in living cells. Altman's research showed that RNA itself had catalytic properties. This was the discovery that earned him the Nobel prize.

Although the RNase P complex also exists in eukaryotic organisms, Altman's later work showed that in eukaryotes the protein subunits are essential to the catalytic activity, in contrast to the bacterial RNase P.

References

Other websites
Sidney Altman Nobel Lecture: Enzymatic cleavage of RNA by RNA
Altman S Author Profile Page on Pubget

1939 births
Living people
American molecular biologists
American Nobel Prize winners
Canadian academics
Canadian Jews
Canadian Nobel Prize winners
Canadian scientists
Columbia University alumni
Jewish academics
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Montreal
Brian Denis Cox, CBE (born 1 June 1946) is a Scottish movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles in Manhunter, Rushmore, X2, Troy, and in RED. He has won an Emmy Award and an BAFTA Award.

Cox was born on 1 June 1946 in Dundee, Scotland. He studied at the Dundee Repertory Theatre and at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. Cox was married to Caroline Burt from 1968 until they divorced in 1986. He married Nicole Ansari in 2002. With Burt, he had four children, two who were stillborn. With Ansari, he has two sons.

References

Other websites

1946 births
Living people
Golden Globe Award winning actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
People from Dundee
Scottish movie actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish voice actors
Kathryn Ann Bigelow (born November 27, 1951) is an American movie director, movie producer, screenwriter and television director. She won an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, and a Saturn Award for her movie The Hurt Locker. She is known for her movies such as Point Break, Near Dark, Strange Days, and Zero Dark Thirty.

Bigelow was born on November 27, 1951 in San Carlos, California. She studied at the San Francisco Art Institute and at Columbia University. She was married to James Cameron from 1989 until they divorced in 1991.

References

Other websites

1951 births
Living people
American movie directors
American movie producers
American screenwriters
American television directors
Movie directors from California
Movie producers from California
Academy Award winning directors
BAFTA Award winning directors
Saturn Award winners
CEU Cardenal Herrera University (in Spanish language Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera) is a prestigious private university in Valencia, Spain. The university gained its current name in 1999. The Foundation inaugurated its work in Valencia in 1971 and in Elche in 1994. Since then, their academic offers have increased.

The university has three schools: Social Sciences, Health and Experimental Sciences, and Technical. It has three campuses in Moncada and Elche (Alicante). UCH-CEU currently has over 10,000 students from all over Spain, especially the regions of Valencia, Murcia, Majorca, Ibiza. Every year, it also welcomes more international students with programs like European Erasmus Programme.

References

 http://www.altillo.com/en/universities/spain/Cardena_%20Herrera-CEU_University.asp
 http://www.uchceu.es/
 http://www.infinitecourses.com/SADetails.aspx?University=Universidad-CEU-Cardenal-Herrera&UniversityID=11953
 http://www.universidad.es/universities/spains_universities/universidad_cardenal_herrera_ceu_en 
 http://internacional.universia.net/espanya/uch.ceu/inf_general_ing.htm

Other websites
 Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera

1971 establishments in Europe
Colleges and universities in Europe
Valencia
1970s establishments in Spain
The Pakistan cricket team (), nicknamed  Green Shirts or Shaheens (Eagles), is the national cricket team of Pakistan. Represented by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB), the team is a full member of the International Cricket Council. It Started with a Test match in 1952. Pakistan has played 889 ODIs, 121 Twenty20s and 412 Tests. Pakistan cricket team won the 1992 World Cup with the captaincy of Imran Khan and were 2nd in the 1999 World Cup.

Squad

Test Cricket

One Day Interationals

Twenty20

References

Cricket
Cricket clubs
1952 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in Pakistan
Valentinian III (; 2 July 419 – 16 March 455), was Roman emperor in the western Roman Empire from 425 to 455. After Attila the Hun was defeated, Valentinian feared that his general Aetius would overthrow him. So, Valentinian killed Aetius, whose guards then killed Valentinian.

References

Roman Emperors
419 births
455 deaths
Collines is one of the twelve departments of Benin. Collines was formed in 1999. Since 2008, the capital is Savalou.

Communitie
Collines is divided into the communes of Bantè, Dassa-Zoumè, Glazoué, Ouèssè, Savalou, and Savé.

Departments of Benin
Mono is one of the twelve departments of Benin. The capital of this department is Lokossa.  The department of Kouffo was part of Mono until 1999.  

The Gen language is only spoken in this department in Benin. Other languages spoken in this area are Ewe and some of the Phla–Pherá languages

Mono is divided into the communes of Bopa, Comé, Grand-Popo, and Houéyogbé.

Departments of Benin
Matthew Lyn Lillard (born January 24, 1970) is an American actor, voice actor, director, and producer. He is known for portraying Chip Sutphin in Serial Mom (1994), Emmanuel "Cereal Killer" Goldstein in Hackers (1995), Stevo in SLC Punk! (1998), Tim LaFlour in Senseless (1998), Billy Brubaker in Summer Catch (2001), Jerry Conlaine in Without a Paddle (2004), Dez Howard in The Groomsmen (2006), Joey in Home Run Showdown (2012), Jack Rusoe in Return to Nim's Island (2013) and Shaggy Rogers in both Scooby-Doo (2002) and Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004). In animation, he has been the current voice of Shaggy since veteran actor Casey Kasem retired from the role.

Lillard was born on January 24, 1970 in Lansing, Michigan. His father is of English, French-Canadian, German, Irish, Native American and Welsh descent and His mother is of Danish, English and Portuguese descent. He was raised Christian. He studied at Foothill High School and at American Academy of Dramatic Arts with fellow actor Paul Rudd. Lillard dated Neve Campbell from 1996 to 1998, the two remained friends. And Lillard married Heather Helm since 2000. They have three children.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

References

Other websites
 

1970 births
Living people
American Christians
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American movie directors
American movie producers
American television directors
American television producers
Actors from Michigan
People from Lansing, Michigan
Dr. Thomas Boni Yayi (born 1 July 1952) is a Beninese politician and banker. He served as the President of Benin from 6 April 2006 to 6 April 2016. He was re-elected to a second term in March 2011. From 29 January 2012 to 27 January 2013, he was the Chairperson of the African Union.

On 15 March 2007, Boni Yayi survived an assassination attempt.  Several of the people travelling with the president were wounded in gunfire between the presidential guard and the would-be assassins.

On 23 October 2012, the BBC said that his doctor, niece, and former commerce minister had been arrested in a plot to poison the president. The niece changed his medicine to a "toxic substance" while he was on a state visit to Brussels.

In September 2021, Patrice Talon and Thomas Boni Yayi, political allies who have become intimate enemies, met at the Marina Palace in Cotonou. During this tête-à-tête, Thomas Boni Yayi presented Patrice Talon with a series of proposals and requests, relating in particular to the release of “political detainees”.'

References

Other websites

1952 births
Living people
Presidents of Benin
African Union chairpersons
Pascal Irénée Koupaki (born May 1949) is a Beninese politician. He was the Prime Minister of Benin from May 2011 to August 2013. He was Director of the Cabinet of the Prime Minister from 1996 to 1998. 

He was a member of the Board of Directors for African Development Bank.

References

1951 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Benin
The silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) is a species of bat.  It is the only member of the genus Lasionycteris.

The bat is found in Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, and the United States. They are the most common bat in forested areas in the United States. Silver-haired bats are also called Silverwings.

Description 
Silver-haired bats are nearly black.  They have silvery-tipped hairs on their back. It's a medium-sized, heavily furred bat. It weighs around 8-12 grams.  Its total length is around 100 mm on average, its tail being 40 mm.

Distribution and Habitat 
Silver-haired bat is found in Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, and the United States. It is found from southeastern Alaska in summer to northeastern Mexico in winter. It lives in dry habitats at low elevations during seasonal migrations. They often roost in tree cavities or in bark crevices on tree trunks, especially during migration.

Feeding 
Silver-haired bats mainly eat insects with soft bodies, such as moths, but will also eat spiders and harvestmen. It will forage low, over both still and running water, and also in forest openings. Silver-haired bats are slow but can turn quickly. They can use echolocation to find prey that is a short distance away.

In Fiction
Shade is the name of the main character in the novel Silverwing by Kenneth Oppel.  He is a young silver-haired bat runt.

References

Bats
Mammals of North America
The Old Christian Cemetery, Abbottabad (also known as the OCC, or the Gora Qabristan, White-people's cemetery), is a cemetery in Abbottabad, Pakistan. It dates from British Indian colonial times. 

The cemetery was established in 1853 when James Abbott founded Abbottabad. It was later attached to St Luke's Church, Abbottabad when it was completed in 1864.

Buildings and structures in Abbottabad
Religion in Pakistan
1853 establishments
19th-century establishments in Pakistan
1850s establishments in Asia
The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft. It was used by the Royal Air Force and many other Allied countries throughout the Second World War. The Spitfire was designed by R. J. Mitchell as a short-range, high-performance interceptor aircraft. There were more Spitfires made than any other British aircraft and it was the only British fighter that was being made throughout the war.

The Spitfire's elliptical wing had a thin cross-section. This allowed a higher top speed than other fighters of the time, including the Hawker Hurricane. The elliptic shaped wing gives the aircraft a very low amount of induced drag. Speed was seen as essential to carry out the mission of home defence against enemy bombers. The original airframe was designed to be powered by a Rolls-Royce Merlin engine producing 1,030 hp (768 kW).

Because of its higher performance, Spitfire units had a higher victory-to-loss ratio than units flying Hurricanes.

A tribute to the people who built the spitfires can be found next to the site of the factory where they were made. It is in Castle Bromwich in Birmingham. It is a sculpture called Sentinel.

Specifications (Spitfire MK VB)
Data from Spitfire: The History[184] and Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II[185]

General characteristics

Crew: one pilot
Length: 29 ft 11 in (9.12 m)
Wingspan: 36 ft 10 in (11.23 m)
Height: 11 ft 5 in (3.86 m)
Wing area: 242.1 ft2 (22.48 m2)
Airfoil: NACA 2213 (root)
NACA 2209.4 (tip)
Empty weight: 5,065 lb (2,297 kg)
Loaded weight: 6,622 lb (3,000 kg)
Max. takeoff weight: 6,700 lb (3,039 kg)
powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Merlin 45[nb 16] supercharged V12 engine, 1,470 hp (1,096 kW) at 9,250 ft (2,819 m)

Performance

Maximum speed: 370 mph (322 kn, 595 km/h)
Combat radius: 410 nmi (470 mi (756 km))
Ferry range: 991 nmi (1,135 mi (1,827 km))
Service ceiling: 36,500 ft (11,125 m)
Rate of climb: 2,600 ft/min (13.2 m/s)
Wing loading: 27.35 lb/ft2 (133.5 kg/m2)
Power/mass: 0.22 hp/lb (0.36 kW/kg)

Armament

Guns:
A wing
 8 × .303 in Browning Mk II* machine guns (350 rounds per gun)
 B wing
 2 × 20 mm Hispano Mk II (60 rounds per gun)
 4 × .303 in Browning Mk II* machine guns (350 rounds per gun)
 C wing
 4 × 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannon (120 rounds per gun)
 C wing (Alt.)
 2 × 20 mm Hispano Mk II (120 rounds per gun)
 4 × .303 in Browning Mk II* machine guns (350 rounds per gun)
 E wing
 2 × 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannon (120 rounds per gun)
 2 × .50 in M2 Browning machine guns (250 rounds per gun)

References 

World War II British aircraft
Royal Air Force aircraft
Aircraft
World War II aircraft
The Khokhar are an indigenous tribe of  people of the Punjab region of Pakistan. They are considered to be of Rajput origins by some historians and as Jatt by others. It is certain that they were mostly Hindus during the 11th and 12th centuries AD and gradually converted to Islam. Today, almost all of them follow this religion. 

The Khokhars mostly live in the Salt Range in the North and the Gujranwala District of Central Punjab. They are an agricultural tribe.

Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Pakistani tribes
Punjabi people
Hazrat Sheikh Baha-ud-din Naqshband Bukhari (1318–1389) was a Muslim Sufi saint and founder of the Naqshbandi Order. 

1318 births
1389 deaths
Asian Sufis
Muslims
Of Monsters and Men is an indie pop-rock group from Iceland. They have had many hit songs, including their 2011 single "Little Talks".

Pop music groups
Icelandic people
Linear A is an ancient script used on Crete. No one has been able to translate this script yet.  It was one of the writing systems used in Minoan Crete. Another script, about a century older, is called Cretan hieroglyphs. For some time, both methods of writing were used. Probably, each system was used for a special purpose.

Linear A was used from about the 17th century BC until the 15th century BC. Linear B is a script based on Linear A. It has been translated. Archaeologist Arthur Evans found both Linear A and B.

Linear A has about fifty signs that are similar to those in Linear B. About 80% of the signs in Linear A are unique. Using the knowledge from Linear B to read Linear A produces text which cannot be read. The language used has been called Eteocretan. It does not seem to be related to any known language. Today, about 70 characters (probably representing syllables) are known. The meaning of about 100 ideographic characters is known. These are combined with the syllables. Also, there are a few numerals whose value is known.

Most texts seem to be lists. A few are probably short dedications, as they are found on libations. So far, no long texts have been found. Straight lines, such as those used for Linear A, are not very practical to use on clay tables. For this reasons, most writing was probably done on other things, such as papyrus or parchment. The problem with these materials is that they do not last as long as clay does. For this reason, most writing on papyrus and parchment has probably been lost.

References

Unreadable writing systems
Minoan culture
The Thetford Hoard, or Thetford Treasure, is a hoard of Romano-British metalwork found at Gallows Hill, near Thetford in Norfolk, in November 1979. It is now in the British Museum.

Dating from the mid- to late-4th century AD, this hoard is a collection of thirty-three silver spoons and three silver strainers, twenty-two gold finger rings, four gold bracelets, four necklace pendants, five gold chain necklaces and two pairs of necklace-clasps, a gold amulet designed as a pendant, an unmounted engraved gem, four beads (one emerald and three of glass), and a gold belt-buckle decorated with a dancing satyr. A small cylindrical lidded box made from shale also belonged to the hoard.

Discovery 
The find was made under unfortunate circumstances. The site had been recently cleared for building work, and the finder was using a metal-detector without the knowledge and permission of the owners of the site. The discovery was made late on a November day, in failing light. The finder recovered the material in great haste, probably overlooking some small items, because he knew he had no legal right to search in that area. He did not, as the law requires, report his discovery to the authorities.  Instead, he unwisely attempted to sell the objects he had found to private buyers.

By the time archaeologists learned of the find several months later, the place had been built over, which made proper archaeological investigation impossible. It was not even possible to question the finder about the circumstances: by the time the material arrived at the British Museum for study, he was terminally ill, and he died about a month later, in July 1980.

There were persistent rumours that the treasure originally included coins, and probably the group as we see it now is incomplete. The full account of the circumstances of the discovery is told in the standard catalogue.

References 

Norfolk
Archaeological sites in England
Treasure troves
Linear B is an ancient script, used to write Mycenaean Greek, as the oldest known form of Ancient Greek. This was proved by Michael Ventris in the early 1950s. Linear B came before the Greek alphabet by several centuries.

The script is based on Linear A, a script which cannot be read today. The oldest texts written in Linear B date from about 1450 BC. Linear B was found mainly in the palace archives at Knossos, Cydonia, Pylos, Thebes and Mycenae. The writing of Linear B language disappeared with the fall of the Mycenaean civilization.

There are about 87 signs in Linear B that represent syllables. In addition, there are many ideographic signs: These represent objects or commodities. They do not represent sounds, and are never used as word signs in writing a sentence.

Linear B seems to have only been used for administration. In all the thousands of clay tablets, a relatively small number of different "hands" (or writers) have been detected: 45 in Pylos (west coast of the Peloponnese, in southern Greece) and 66 in Knossos (Crete). The script may have only been used by a guild of professional scribes. These scribes worked at the different palaces: when the palaces were destroyed, the script disappeared.

References

Writing systems
Ancient Greece
Bijbehara () is a town in Anantnag District, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir
Cretan hieroglyphs is a writing system, used in Crete from about the 20th to the 15th century BC. It is undeciphered, so it cannot be read today. For most of its history, it was used together with Linear A. Most symbols are pictograms, for some symbols, experts do not agree on what they represent. Most of the corpus consists of short inscriptions on seal stones, and clay tablets.  The texts are usually very short, they are inscriptions on seals, and markers on clay tablets. There are three items that are noticeably different: A stone called Malia altar stone, the Phaistos Disc and the Arkalochori Axe. The exact relation of these items to the rest of the corpus is unknown.

In total, there are 137 symbols. 96 seem to be words, or part of words. 32 are probably Logograms. 9 seem to represent fractions. There are four numerals, standing for 1, 10, 100 and 1000. One symbol is  used to separate words, like a hyphen, another looks like a  cross, and probably stands for the beginning of the text. The writing is probably syllabic.

References
J. G. Younger: The Cretan Hieroglyphic Script: A Review Article; Minos 31–32 (1996–1997), pp 379–400.

Unreadable writing systems
Minoan culture
Clay tablets were a medium used for writing. They were common in the Fertile Crescent, from about the 5th millennium BC. A clay tablet is a more or less flat surface made of clay. Using a stylus, symbols were pressed into the soft clay. It is possible to correct errors on the tablet. The tablet was then baked until dry and hard, either by leaving it out in the sun, or in a fire. Sun-baked tablets could be moistened and recycled. The ones that survived thousands of years were baked in fire.
They were used by the Sumerian civilisation in Mesopotamia.

Cuneiform was the first writing used on clay tablets. The system was used by several civilizations who spoke several different languages.

Writing media
The hypostatic model of personality is a way of viewing the many sides of a person's character. The model says that a person can behave and appear to others in many ways, depending on how that person is, but also on how someone looks at that person. It says that people are not one-sided, but are a little bit of everything. For example, today someone can be mean, and tomorrow he can be good. How someone appears also depends on things and people around him or her. For example, sometimes the most coward person may become the greatest hero, if he is called to save someone's life. All these "sides" of a person have to be known by scientists so they can change them for the better.

References

Psychology
Liam James Payne (born 29 August 1993) is an English singer and songwriter. He rose to fame as a member of the band One Direction. In 2016, Payne signed a recording deal with Capitol Records as a solo artist, and with Republic Records in the United States.

References

1933 births
Living people
English singer-songwriters
English rock singers
English pop singers
People from Wolverhampton
"Born to Run" is a rock music song by Bruce Springsteen. The song is on Springsteen's 1975 album, Born to Run. The song was recorded on August 1974.  It became one of the biggest hits of his career. Rolling Stone ranked the song 21st on their list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".

Other websites 
 Lyrics 

1975 songs
Rock songs
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (born as Maria Ludwig Michael Mies; March 27, 1886, Aachen – August 19, 1969, Chicago) was a German-American architect. He is commonly referred to, and was addressed, as Mies, his surname. Along with Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto and Frank Lloyd Wright, he is widely regarded as one of the first masters of modern architecture.

Significant_buildings 
Barcelona PavilionTugendhat HouseCrown HallFarnsworth House860–880 Lake Shore DriveSeagram BuildingNew National GalleryToronto-Dominion CentreWestmount Square

References

Other websites

 Mies van der Rohe Society
 Mies van der Rohe Foundation 
 
 Mies in Berlin-Mies in America
 Great Buildings Architects
 Elmhurst Art Museum, featuring McCormick House
 Richard King Mellon Hall, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
 Travel guide to Mies Buildings

1886 births
1969 deaths
Burials at Graceland Cemetery
American architects
German architects
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Aachen
was a Japanese businessman and art collector. His collection of French art is the core of Japan's National Museum of Western Art (NMWA) in Ueno, central Tokyo.

Background 
Matsukata was the son of Matsukata Masayoshi who was a Prime Minister of Japan during the Meiji Period.

Career
Matsukata became  president of Kawasaki Shipbuilding Company (Kawasaki Shōzō) in 1896.

Art collecting 

Masukata bought thousands of Western paintings and sculpture including Auguste Rodin's "The Thinker" and "Gates of Hell." The Rodin sculptures in the NMWA entrance plaza were made from the same original casting as at the Rodin Museum in France.  In fact, Matsukata actually paid for the best Rodin castings in France today.

Some works collected by Matsukata are today in the French national collection of art.  

Matsukata's art collection was first seen by the Japanese public in 1959.

References

Other websites

 National Museum of Western Art website

Japanese people
1865 births
1950 deaths
Pyramid is a game show which was shown on television. Many different versions of the show have been made. The current show is on GSN. on 1973 Present Until 1989 on ABC Game Show Network CBS Call NBC on New 2012 or 2016 in Match Game Wheel of Fortune & Jeopardy Game Show Network GSN (1994 Present) in 2001

History

$10,000 Pyramid
The first version of the game was called the $10,000 Pyramid. It was hosted by Dick Clark. The game show offered the largest prize on television at the time.

Other versions
The show ran for other versions. Some versions offered $25,000 as the prize. Others offered $100,000 as the prize.

The Pyramid
In 2012, GSN premiered a new version called The Pyramid. The show is based on the format of the old ones. This version premiered on September 3, 2012. It is hosted by Mike Richards. In this version, getting all 7 words right won the contestant $500, and the amount they would play for in the Winner's Circle went up by $5,000.

Gameplay
There are two halves of the game. The first and second halves are almost equal. In the first half, normal people team with famous people. One of the teams will try to describe a word to the other. There are seven words in each round. There are six total rounds in the first half. At the end of the half the team with the most points moves on. They go to the "Winner's Circle". In the Winner's Circle, one player will use short phrases to tell the other a category. There are six categories for the Winner's Circle. If the team guesses all six correct in one minute they win the prize money. For the second half the players switch famous people. The gameplay is the same in the second half.

Bonus cards
There have been many bonuses offered on the show. Some of the bonus cards are:
7/11: This was hidden under one of the first round subjects. The player would get $1,100 if they answered all 7 right in time.
Mystery 7: The player would get a surprise if they guessed all 7 words right in time. Prizes included trips, computers, and other items.

American television game shows
CBS network shows
ABC network shows
First run syndicated television programs
English-language television programs
Aleph one, written as , is an infinite cardinal number following aleph null (). It is the cardinality (size) of the set of numbers of possible arrangements for all countably infinite sets. Under the continuum hypothesis, it is also the cardinality of the real numbers. Aleph one is followed by aleph two, .

Related pages 

 Infinity

References 

Mathematics
Zain Javadd "Zayn" Malik ( (born 12 January 1993), who records as Zayn, is a British singer and songwriter. He was born and raised in Bradford.

Malik wanted to pursue a career in music from a young age leading him to audition as a solo artist for the British reality television music competition The X Factor in 2010. After being eliminated as a solo performer, Malik was brought back into the competition, along with four other contestants, to form the boy band that would become known as  One Direction.

During his time in the group, they released the albums Up All Night (2011), Take Me Home (2012), Midnight Memories (2013), and Four (2014).

Malik split from the boy band in March 2015 and signed a solo recording contract with RCA Records.

He has been in a relationship with American model Gigi Hadid since late 2015. In September 2020, Hadid gave birth to their daughter in New Hope, Pennsylvania.

References

Other websites

 
 

1993 births
Living people
British singer-songwriters
British R&B musicians
British pop musicians
British pop singers
People from Bradford
Harry Edward Styles (born 1 February 1994) is an English singer-songwriter, and actor. He is known as a member of the boy band One Direction, with Louis Tomlinson, Liam Payne,  Niall Horan and Zayn Malik (2011-present).

Styles made his debut as a singer with his band White Eskimo, who performed locally in Holmes Chapel, Cheshire. In 2010, Styles auditioned as a solo artist for the British television series The X Factor. After being eliminated as a solo performer, Styles was brought back into the competition, along with four other contestants, to form One Direction. The group landed the title of being 3rd place through the season.

Many of his fans query about a relationship with former band member Louis Tomlinson, called the relationship Larry Stylinson. Styles has recently explained that he does not feel the need to label himself. He stated that “it’s not a case of I’m not telling you but only who cares”

Styles and his One Direction colleagues have released the albums Up All Night (2011), Take Me Home (2012), Midnight Memories (2013), Four (2014), and Made in the A.M. (2015). They have also performed on two worldwide tours, one featured on concert film One Direction: This Is Us, and won several awards, including five Brit Awards and four MTV Video Music Awards. Second album, Fine Line, (2019) was listed among Rolling Stone's 500 Greats Albums of All Time in 2020. The most popular songs of this album were Watermelon Sugar and Adore You

In 2017, Styles had a movie role as a British soldier named "Alex" in Christopher Nolan's war movie Dunkirk.
 
In 2018, Styles and his fellow executive producer, Ben Winston, will be creating a new television series called "Happy Together.

References

1994 births
Living people
English singer-songwriters
English movie actors
English rock singers
Musicians from Worcestershire
English rock guitarists
English pop musicians
English pop singers
Actors from Worcestershire
Louis William Tomlinson (born Louis Troy Austin; 24 December 1991) is an English singer and songwriter. He is known as a member of the boy band One Direction, with Liam Payne, Niall Horan and Harry Styles.

Tomlinson began his career as an actor appearing in ITV drama Fat Friends as an extra. He also went on to appear in another ITV drama movie If I Had You and the BBC drama Waterloo Road. In 2010, he auditioned in the tv series The X Factor, he met his bandmates and future husband Harry Styles. His band One Direction released their first album on November 18, 2011. They release 4 more albums, one of which became the most sold album of 2013. They went on a supposed "18 month hiatus", which has turned into 7 years. He was one of the main songwriters of the group 

Following the band's hiatus , Tomlinson released the singles "Just Hold On", "Back to You", "Miss You", and "Just Like You". In 2020 Louis released his debut album walls with 12 new tracks. In his album he has 3 singles, Kill my Mind, Two Of Us, and Walls. His first single kill my mind, was played at Wembly stadium for the 2020 euro after his fans voted him in. His second single Two Of Us was writen from Louis to his mother after her death in 2016.

In 2013, he was signed as a footballer by Doncaster Rovers of the Football League Championship on a non-contract basis. The same year he also formed his own record label, Triple Strings Ltd. He appeared on Debrett's 2017 list of the most influential people in the UK.

References

1991 births
Living people
English singer-songwriters
English pop singers
English rock singers
English footballers
Actors from Yorkshire
Sportspeople from Yorkshire
Honda Ridgeline is a mid sized pickup truck produced by Honda. The first model year for this truck was 2006; it has undergone several changes in design since being introduced. Unlike a traditional body-on-frame truck, the Ridgeline uses a closed box unibody frame similar to the one used on the Accord, Pilot and Odyssey. Despite good sales Honda pulled the truck in 2015. A second generation model was introduced in 2017.

2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Honda automobiles
Gervase Duan "G.D." Spradlin (August 31, 1920 – July 24, 2011) was an American movie, television, stage, voice, and radio actor. He was known for his roles as Senator Pat Geary in The Godfather II and as the General in Apocalypse Now.

Spradlin was born on August 31, 1920 in Pauls Valley, Oklahoma. He studied at the University of Oklahoma. Spradlin was married to Nell Spradlin from 1944 until her death in 2000. Then he was married to Frances Hendrickson from 2002 until his death in 2011. He had two children with Nell. Spradlin died on July 24, 2011 from natural causes in San Luis Obispo, California, aged 90.

References

Other websites

1920 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
Actors from Oklahoma
Anna Kay Faris (born November 29, 1976) is an American movie, television, stage, voice actress, comedian and singer who is known for her roles in all four Scary Movies, Lost in Translation, Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, The House Bunny and Overboard.

Faris was born on November 29, 1976 in Baltimore, Maryland. She was raised in Edmonds, Washington. She studied at Edmonds-Woodway High School and at the University of Washington. 

She was married to Ben Indra from 2004 until they divorced in 2008. She was married to Chris Pratt from 2009 to 2018. She has a son, Jack Pratt by her second husband Chris Pratt. In 2017, Faris and Pratt legally separated and divorced the following year. In 2021, she married Michael Barrett.

References

Other websites

1976 births
Living people
Actors from Baltimore
Actors from Washington
American movie actors
Singers from Baltimore
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from Baltimore
Comedians from Washington
Singers from Maryland
Singers from Washington
A hoplite was a citizen-soldier of the Ancient Greek city-states. A hoplite's main weapon was his spear. They fought close together in what was called a phalanx formation. In a phalanx, each man's shield protected himself and also gave some protection to the right arm of the man on his left. 

The word "hoplite" comes from  the type of the shield used by the soldiers. In later texts, the term hoplite is used to denote any armoured infantry, regardless of armament or ethnicity.

The armour of a hoplite included:
helmet with face covered
shield
body armour
greaves (leg armour)
sword
spear

A hoplite was usually a free citizen who got his own armour and weapons. In most Greek city-states, citizens got basic military training, serving in the standing army for a time. They were expected to take part in any military campaign when they would be called for duty. The Lacedaemonian citizens (Sparta) were renowned for their lifelong combat training and almost mythical military prowess, while their greatest adversaries, the Athenians, were exempted from service only after the 60th year of their lives.

The phalanx, and hence the armour, was trained to work as a team. A phalanx tended to be 8 rows or more deep, each row with a leader, and an officer who kept order in the rear. The first lines would stab at their opponents, at the same time try to keep in position. The ranks behind them would support them with their spears and the mass of their shields gently pushing them, not to force them into the enemy but to keep them steady and in place. At certain points, a command would be given to take a certain number of steps forward. 

In battle, a phalanx would tend to drift to the right (as hoplites sought to keep behind the shield of their neighbour). The weak spot on a phalanx was on the right, where the free arms were unprotected by shields. The most experienced hoplites were often placed on the right side of the phalanx, to counteract these problems.

Notes 

Ancient Greece
Armour
Independence Day (; Youm-e-Azadi), observed annually on 14 August, is a National holiday in Pakistan, commemorating the day when Pakistan achieved independence and was declared a sovereign nation, following the end of the British Raj in 1947. Pakistan came into existence as a result of the Pakistan Movement; the Pakistan Movement aimed for creation of an independent Muslim state by partition of the north-western region of the Indian subcontinent and was led by All-India Muslim League under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

Pakistani culture
Holidays
Pak
Doru () is a town of Anantnag District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir
Jiddu Krishnamurti (11 May 1895 – 17 February 1986) was an Indian-born speaker on philosophical and spiritual subjects. His career had two clearly distinct stages. In the first, he was the pupil and eventually leader of the new religious movement known as Theosophy. In the second part he rejected Theosophy and every belief associated with it, saying: "I maintain that truth is a pathless land, and you cannot approach it by any path whatsoever, by any religion, by any sect".

Theosophy 
Krishnamurti was born into a Brahmin family in what was then British India. In early adolescence, he had a chance encounter with prominent occultist and high-ranking theosophist Charles Webster Leadbeater in the grounds of the Theosophical Society headquarters at Adyar in Madras (now Chennai). He was subsequently raised by Annie Besant and Leadbeater, leaders of the Society at the time. They believed him to be a "vehicle" for an expected World Teacher. While he was young, Besant had control over his life, and won a court case for custody of Krishnamurti and his brother.

Freedom 
As a young man, Krishnamurti disavowed Theosophy and dissolved the worldwide organization (the Order of the Star in the East) established to support it. He resigned from the various trusts and other organizations which were affiliated with Order of the Star, and the Theosophical Society. He returned the monies and properties donated to the Order, among them a castle in the Netherlands and  of land, to their donors.

From then on he claimed allegiance to no nationality, caste, religion, or philosophy. He spent the rest of his life travelling the world, speaking to large and small groups and individuals. He authored many books, among them The First and Last Freedom,  The Only Revolution, and Krishnamurti's Notebook. Many of his talks and discussions have been published.

Krishnamurti did not accept followers nor worshippers. He thought the relationship between disciple and guru encouraged dependency and exploitation. He accepted gifts and financial support freely offered to him by people inspired by his work, and continued with lecture tours and the publication of books and talk transcripts for more than half a century.

He constantly urged people to think independently, and he invited them to explore and discuss specific topics together with him. His subject matter included: psychological revolution, the nature of mind, meditation, inquiry, human relationships, and bringing about change in society. He stressed the need for a revolution in the psyche of every human being and emphasized that such revolution cannot be brought about by any external entity, be it religious, political, or social.

His supporters, working through non-profit foundations in India, Great Britain and the United States, oversee several independent schools based on his views on education. They continue to transcribe and distribute his thousands of talks, group and individual discussions, and writings by use of a variety of media formats and languages.

References 

1895 births
1986 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Religious leaders
Philosophers
Spiritual teachers
The Deep Space Network is NASA's group of large antennae at three stations around world. They are at Madrid, California, and Canberra, approximately 120 degrees apart around the Earth. They communicate with satellites and probes in space. The antennas are also used as radio telescopes to learn about stars and other natural things in space.

NASA