cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The fifth generation iPod Touch (sold as iPod touch, sometimes called the iPod Touch 5 or iPod Touch 5G) is a pocket computer that is designed and sold by Apple Inc. It replaces the fourth generation iPod Touch. Like the iPhone 5, it is a thinner and lighter that introduces a 4-inch screen. Other new features include 1080p video recording, panoramic pictures, an LED flash, an Apple A5 processor, and Siri.

The fifth generation iPod Touch also comes in several different colors: space grey, silver, pink, yellow, blue, and Product Red. The fifth generation iPod Touch was announced along with the iPhone 5 on September 12, 2012, and it was released on October 11, 2012.

At first, the device was only sold in 32 and 64 GB models. The first 16 GB model was introduced on May 30, 2013. It was only available in one color, it didn't have a back camera, and it didn't have the iPod Touch loop that the 32 and 64 GB models have. A new version of the 16 GB model was released on June 26, 2014, and it has the back camera as well as more color options. The prices for all iPod Touch models have also dropped on that same day.

Features

Software

The fifth generation iPod Touch runs Apple's iOS mobile operating system. It shipped with iOS 6, which was released on September 19, 2012. It can play music, movies, television shows, eBooks, audiobooks, and podcasts.

The fifth generation iPod Touch is the first iPod Touch to have Siri, which was also on the iPhone 4S and other iPhone models that came after it. The software was made better in iOS 6 to have the ability to open apps, see movie reviews, sports scores, make Facebook or Twitter updates, and more. It also supports iMessage, an instant messaging service that allows users to send unlimited messages to devices that run iOS 5 or later. Some apps and features that came with iOS 6 included Apple Maps, Passbook, and screen mirroring, meaning that you can be able to put the iPod Touch's screen on a television. The new Apple Maps application, which replaced Google Maps, doesn't have many features that other maps apps have. It can also sometimes give wrong directions which are still not fixed, even after the iOS 7 updates. The Passbook app can get boarding passes, tickets, coupons, and other cards. A device with the Passbook app can be scanned under a barcode reader to buy things. A feature called AirPlay was available, meaning that you can put the iPod Touch's screen on an Apple TV or other device. It was the first generation of iPod Touch to support it.

The fifth generation iPod touch currently runs iOS 7, which was released on September 18, 2013. It is the only iPod Touch that supports iOS 7. Apple announced on June 2, 2014 that the fifth generation iPod Touch would support iOS 8 in the fall.

Design

The fifth generation iPod Touch has an aluminum body that is made from the same aluminum that is used in a MacBook. Along with an iSight camera and an LED flash, the fifth generation iPod Touch has a new feature called the "iPod touch loop." There is a button on the bottom left side on the back of the iPod Touch. You press down on the button and you can be able to put a loop around the button.

References

IPod
I Spit on Your Grave is a 1978 American rape and revenge horror thriller movie. It was widely released in 1980.

This movie was very controversial. Most critics did not like it. Roger Ebert gave the movie thumbs down. It became a cult classic in later years.

It was remade in 2010.

Other websites 

1978 horror movies
1978 thriller movies
1978 crime movies
1970s horror thriller movies
1970s serial killer movies
American crime thriller movies
American horror thriller movies
American serial killer movies
English-language movies
Rape in movies
American independent movies
Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva ( tr. Raisa Maksimovna Gorbachyova, née Titarenko, Титаре́нко; 5 January 1932 – 20 September 1999) was a Soviet activist and philanthropist. She was the wife of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Gorbacheva was the First Lady of the Soviet Union from October 1988 to December 1991.

Gorbacheva suffered from a stroke in October 1993. She was diagnosed with leukemia and died on 20 September 1999 at Münster University Hospital in Germany, aged 67.

References

Other websites

 Raisa Gorbacheva biography at the Gorbachyov Foundation website
 Raisa Gorbachev's life in pictures, BBC News
 Profile of Alexandra Titarenko (Raisa Gorbachev's mother)

1932 births
1999 deaths
Activists
Cancer deaths in Germany
Deaths from leukemia
Mikhail Gorbachev
Philanthropists
Russian philosophers
Soviet people
Surya Dev is an important deity in Hinduism, who is regarded as the God of the Sun and daylight and the former King of the Devas.

♦Świątynia Surji w Konarak
♦Świątynia Słońca w Modhera
♦Dakshinaarka , Gaya, Bihar
♦Bhramanya Dev , Unao , Madhya Pradesh
♦Surya Pahar , Asam
♦Suryanaar , w pobliżu Kumbhakonam , Tamilnadu
♦Suryanarayanaswamy , Arasavilli , Andhra Pradesh

References

Hindu gods and goddesses
Yama is the god of death in Hinduism and Buddhism.

In Japan he is called "Enma" and "Great King Enma".

Hindu gods and goddesses
Buddhist gods and goddesses
Crossed is a 2011 dystopian novel by Ally Condie. The book is the second in a trilogy. The first book in the trilogy is Matched. The third book is Reached. Crossed continues the story of Cassia Reyes. This book is in a dual part narration between Cassia and her boyfriend, Ky Markham.

2012 books
Novels
Reached is the last book in a dystopian trilogy by Ally Condie. It was published in 2012. It takes place a few weeks after the first two books, Matched and Crossed.

Reached finishes the story of Cassia Reyes in a five-part triple narrative split between Cassia, her boyfriend Ky Markham, and her best friend/match Xander Carrow.

Children's books
2012 books
Novels
Veronica Roth (born August 19, 1988) is an American writer. She was born in New York City.  She is the youngest of three kids. All of her siblings live in Chicago with her. She attended Barrington High School and then Carleton College. Later, she decided to move to Northwestern University. She was part of the creative writing program and graduated in 2010 with a bachelor's degree in arts. She lives with her husband, Nelson Fitch, in Chicago. She wrote the books for the Divergent trilogy (Divergent, Insurgent, and Allegiant). She also wrote two companion books to Divergent: The Divergent World: The Path to Allegiant and Four: A Divergent Story Collection, which came out September 3, 2014. The novel was adapted into a movie in 2014.

References

Pavonetti, Linda M. "Roth, Veronica." World Book Student. World Book, 2015. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
"Veronica Roth." Gale Biography in Context. Detroit: Gale, 2013. Biography in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American novelists
Writers from Illinois
Writers from New York City
1988 births
Ally Condie (born November 2, 1978) is an American writer. She is best known for the Matched trilogy (Matched, Crossed and Reached). She also wrote the Yearbook Trilogy (Yearbook, First Day and Reunion). She also wrote Freshman for President and Being Sixteen. She is presently working on another novel, Atlantia, which will be out on November 4, 2014. 

Condie lives with her husband and three children in Salt Lake City, Utah.

American novelists
Living people
1978 births
Writers from Utah
Point Alison is a summer village in Alberta, Canada. It is on the nothern side of Wabamun Lake.

Settlements in Alberta
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Popovkin (; 25 September 1957 – 18 June 2014) was a Russian military personnel. He was the General Director of the Russian Federal Space Agency and former First Deputy Defense Minister of Russia. 

He was a General of the Army and former commander of the Russian Space Forces.

Popovkin died of cancer on 18 June 2014 in a hospital in Petah Tikva, Israel, aged 56.

References

1957 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from cancer
Russian generals
Soviet generals
Dana Andrews (January 1, 1909 – December 17, 1992) was an American movie actor. He was one of the most famous Hollywood actors during the 1940s. He was known for his role in The Best Years of Our Lives (1946).

Andrews died from pneumonia and heart failure caused by Alzheimer's disease, aged 83.

References

Other websites

Dana Andrews on I Was a Communist for the FBI radio programme 

Photographs and literature

1909 births
1992 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Mississippi
Alan Rosenberg (born October 4, 1950) is an American actor. From 2005 to 2009, he was president of the Screen Actors Guild. Rosenberg is known for making the voice of Boba Fett in Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back.

Rosenberg was born in Passaic, New Jersey to a Jewish family.

References

Other websites

 

1950 births
Living people
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New Jersey
People from Passaic, New Jersey
Robin Morgan (born January 29, 1941) is an American poet and activist. She started the National Battered Women's Refuge Network, Media Women, the National Network of Rape Crisis Centers, the Feminist Writers' Guild, the Women's Foreign Policy Council, the National Museum of Women in the Arts, the Sisterhood Is Global Institute, GlobalSister.org, and Greenstone Women's Radio Network.

1941 births
American feminists
Living people
American poets
American activists
Kenneth Joseph "Ken" Howard, Jr. (March 28, 1944 – March 23, 2016) was an American actor. He was best known for his roles as Thomas Jefferson in 1776 and as basketball coach and former Chicago Bulls player Ken Reeves in the television show The White Shadow. He was elected president of the Screen Actors Guild in September 2009 and elected to a second term in September 2011.

Howard died in Santa Clarita, California on March 23, 2016 of pneumonia complicated by shingles and prostate cancer at the age of 71.

References

Other websites
 
 

1944 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from prostate cancer
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
Presidents of SAG-AFTRA
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from California
Passaic County is a county in New Jersey, United States. It had a population of 501,226 in 2010. Its county seat is Paterson. Passaic County was created on February 7, 1837. It is near New York City. A city, Passaic, is named after the county.

19th-century establishments in New Jersey
1837 establishments in the United States
New Jersey counties
Horace Silver (born Horace Ward Martin Tavares Silva, September 2, 1928 – June 18, 2014) was an American jazz pianist and composer.

Silver is known for his humorous and funky playing style and his hard bop music. He was influenced by a wide range of musical styles, notably gospel music, African music, and Latin American music and sometimes the soul jazz genre.

References

Other websites
Official site
Horace Silver Discography at the Hard Bop Home Page
Horace Silver entry at the Jazz Discography Project
Listening In: An Interview with Horace Silver by Bob Rosenbaum, Los Angeles, December 1981 (PDF file)
"The Dozens: Twelve Essential Horace Silver Recordings"  by Bill Kirchner (Jazz.com )

1927 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American jazz musicians
American pianists
American composers
Musicians from Connecticut
People from Norwalk, Connecticut
Michelle Lamoreaux is a French writer/producer and creator. She often works with her brother Robert Lamoreaux. She is also a member of Marathon Media

Credits
Totally Spies!- Season 1-present (Season 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
Team Galaxy- Writer
Scooby Doo- 1 episode as writer
HiHi Puffy Ami Yumi-both seasons

References

Living people
French writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
The June 16-18, 2014 tornado outbreak was an incident in which several strong tornadoes cut through Nebraska. Other tornadoes also affected Wisconsin, Montana, Ontario and South Dakota. A preliminary rating of the strongest tornadoes was EF4 (winds between 166 and just under 200 mph). There were two deaths from the tornado incident, both in Nebraska. 16 people were critically injured in the storms.

References 

2014 in the United States
Tornado outbreaks
2014 in weather
2014
Tornadoes in Canada
June 2014 events
21st century in Nebraska
2010s in Wisconsin
History of Montana
History of South Dakota
2014 in Canada
Beatrice Straight (August 2, 1914 – April 7, 2001) was an American actress. She played Dr. Lesh in the 1982 movie Poltergeist. She also played Louise in the 1976 movie Network. She also acted on television and on stage.

Straight was born in Old Westbury, New York. She died from Alzheimer's disease in Los Angeles. 

American television actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
Actors from New York
1914 births
2001 deaths
Jacqueline Wells (later Julie Bishop (August 30, 1914 – August 30, 2001) was an American actress. She appeared in over 80 movies between 1923 and 1957. She also acted on television. She began her career as a child actress. She played Myrtle Reed in the movie Lady Gangster. She played a stewardess in Princess O'Rourke.

Bishop also acted on stage.

The actress was born in Denver, Colorado. She died in Mendocino, California on her 87th birthday from pneumonia.

Actors from Denver, Colorado
American movie actors
American stage actors
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
1914 births
2001 deaths
DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince is an American hip-hop group formed in 1985.

Discography
Studio albums
 Rock the House (1987)
 He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper (1988)
 And is This Corner... (1989)
 Homebase (1991)
 Code Red (1993)

1985 establishments in the United States
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
1994 disestablishments in the United States
African-American musical groups
Hip hop bands
Musical duos
Musical groups disestablished in 1994
Musical groups established in 1985
Musical groups from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1980s establishments in Pennsylvania
Superclusters are large collections of smaller galaxy groups and galaxy clusters. They are one of the largest known structures in the cosmos.

Superclusters show that the galaxies in the universe are not evenly distributed. Most, perhaps all, are in groups and clusters. Groups have  some dozens of galaxies, and clusters up to several thousand galaxies. Those groups and clusters plus more isolated galaxies form even larger collections called superclusters.

Superclusters themselves form even larger structures, called "filaments", "complexes", "walls" or "sheets", like the Great Wall. These may span between several hundred million light-years to 10 billion light-years, and cover more than 5% of the observable universe. Superclusters suggest something about the initial condition of the universe when these superclusters were formed. The directions of the rotational axes of galaxies within superclusters may also tell us about the formation of galaxies early in the history of the Universe.
 
Inside superclusters are large voids of space in which few galaxies exist. Superclusters are often subdivided into groups of clusters called "galaxy clouds".

References 

Galaxy clusters
Ronald Balfour "Ronnie" Corbett, CBE (4 December 1930 – 31 March 2016) was a Scottish actor and comedian. He had a long partnership with Ronnie Barker in the television comedy series The Two Ronnies. He became famous for his role in Sir David Frost's 1960s satirical comedy series, The Frost Report and later starred in the sitcoms Sorry! and No – That's Me Over Here!.

References

Other websites

1930 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Edinburgh
British military people
Deaths from motor neurone disease
Disease-related deaths in London
Scottish comedians
Scottish movie actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
Bernard Cribbins, OBE (born 29 December 1928) is an English actor, voice-over artist and musical comedian. His career has spanned over seventy years. Cribbins is known for his role as Wilfred Mott in Doctor Who. He is also known for being the narrator of The Wombles.

References

Other websites

Bernard Cribbins at The Actors Compendium

1928 births
Living people
Actors from Lancashire
Comedians from Lancashire
English movie actors
English singers
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
People from Oldham, Greater Manchester
The least common multiple of two integers is the smallest positive integer between all the multiples of both. It is usually written as LCM(a, b). Likewise, the LCM of more than two integers is the smallest positive integer that is divisible by each of them.

In elementary arithmetic, the LCM is also the "lowest common denominator" (LCD) that must be calculated, before fractions can be added, subtracted or compared.

Overview 

A multiple of a number is the product of that number and an integer. For example, 10 is a multiple of 5 because 5 × 2 = 10, so 10 is divisible by 5 and 2. Because 10 is the smallest positive integer that is divisible by both 5 and 2, it is the least common multiple of 5 and 2. By the same principle, 10 is the least common multiple of 5 and 2 as well.

Relation with the greatest common divisor   

It is known that:

where  is the greatest common divisor of a and b, This formula is often used to compute the LCD, by first finding the GCD of a and b.

Related pages
Greatest common divisor

References 

Mathematics
Leonor, Princess of Asturias (born 31 October 2005) is an Infanta of Spain. She is the present heiress to the Spanish throne.

Leonor was born at Ruber International Hospital in Madrid, She is the elder daughter of King Felipe VI and Queen Letizia of Spain. She became heiress  on her father's accession to the throne, 19 June 2014. Her younger sister, Infanta Sofía, follows her in the line of succession.

Titles and styles 
31 October 2005 – 18 June 2014: Her Royal Highness Infanta Leonor of Spain
19 June 2014 – present: Her Royal Highness The Princess of Asturias
in former Crown of Aragon territories: 19 June 2014present: Her Royal Highness The Princess of Girona
in former Kingdom of Navarre territories: 19 June 2014present: Her Royal Highness The Princess of Viana

Infanta Leonor's full official title is: Her Royal Highness The Most Serene Infanta Doña Leonor de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Ortiz, Princess of Asturias, Princess of Viana, Princess of Girona, Duchess of Montblanc, Countess of Cervera and Lady of Balaguer.

References 

2005 births
Living people
Princes and Princesses of Asturias
Spanish House of Bourbon
People from Madrid
Russell Percival Blinco (March 12, 1906 – June 28, 1982) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He played a total of 6 seasons in the  National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Chicago Blackhawks and the Montreal Maroons. During his time with the Maroons, he won the Stanley Cup in 1935.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Blinco played two seasons with the Windsor Bulldogs of the IHL and one season with the Springfield Indians of the Can-Am League. After the Indians folded, the New York Rangers traded Blinco to the Montreal Maroons on December 18, 1932. During his first season with the Maroons, he was able to win the Calder Memorial Trophy after scoring 23 points in 34 games. Blinco and the Maroons were able to reach the 1935 Stanley Cup Finals where they went on to defeat the Toronto Maple Leafs in a 3 – 0 sweep to win the Stanley Cup. On September 15, 1932, Blinco was traded along with Baldy Northcott and Earl Robinson by the Maroons to the Black Hawks for $30,000 cash. He is the first NHL player to wear glasses with playing. Blinco died on June 28, 1982.

References

Other websites 

1908 births
1982 deaths
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Montreal Maroons players
Stanley Cup champions
Cordelia Fine (born 1975) is a Canadian-born British academic psychologist and writer. She is a professor of gender studies, moral psychology and neuroethics at Melbourne Business School, Australia. Her first book, Delusions of Gender, was published in 2010.

Fine was born to the children's writer Anne Fine and professor Kit Fine in Toronto.

1975 births
Living people
British psychologists
British scientists
Christ the Redeemer (), is a statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was built between 1922 and 1931 and stands  tall. It sits on a   pedestal on the peak of the

History 
The first electric railway in Brazil was built in the late 1800s. At that time people would go to the top of the Corcovado Mountain to enjoy the panoramic view of the city below. Construction started in 1926 and took five years. During that time workers balanced themselves on scaffolds with no safety equipment. It was risky work but during the entire construction period, no workers were killed. Many regarded that as a miracle. The statue was finished in 1931. It was built to celebrate the 100 year anniversary of Brazil's independence from Portugal. The statue was built in France by the sculptor Paul Landowski. He never came to Rio to see the sculpture in place.

21st century 
The statue underwent a $4 million renovation in 2010. Since then it has been damaged by lightning at least two times. Repairs in 2014 added more lightning rods to prevent future damage from lightning. 

The statue is maintained by the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro.

Related pages 
 Christ the Redeemer of the Andes
 Cristo Redentore, Christ the Redeemer of Maratea, Italy
 Christ of the Ozarks in Arkansas, United States: a 20 metre high statue inspired by Christ the Redeemer
 Christ of Havana in Havana, Cuba: a 20 metre high statue inspired by Christ the Redeemer

References

Other websites 

 Christ the Redeemer Construction Facts
 7 Largest Statues in the World

Statues
1931 establishments in Brazil
Art Deco
Rio de Janeiro
Camille Anna Paglia (/ˈpɑːliə/; born April 2, 1947) is an American academic. Her dissertation Sexual Personae was published by Yale University Press in 1990. Paglia is a libertarian.

Early life
Paglia was born in Endicott, New York to Italian immigrants. In 1957 her family moved to Syracuse, New York.

Career
Sexual Personae was rejected by 7 publishers before Yale University Press published it in 1990. In 1992 Paglia's second book was published. In 2012 Paglia's most recent book Glittering Images was published.
--

1947 births
American feminists
Living people
People from Syracuse, New York
Writers from New York
People from Endicott, New York
Esox is a genus of fresh water fish. It is the only living genus in the family Esocidae. The oldest known example of Esox is the fossil Esox tiemani. It dates to about 62 million years ago and was found in Alberta, Canada. Esox are commonly called pike and pickerel. They are found in the northern parts of North America, Europe and Asia. One species, Esox lucius, the Northern pike, is found in both Europe and North America. Esox are large predatory fish with a long cylindrical body. They have a green color (various shades) with yellow eyes. Pike and pickerel share a forked tail fin and a large pointed head. Their dorsal and anal fins are located far back on their bodies. All species have very sharp teeth.

Species 

Currently there are five species in the Esox family. The study of this family is not complete. There are several known hybrids between species which occur naturally. The five species are:

 Esox lucius - The Northern Pike; found in both Eurasia and North America.
 Esox reichertii - The Amur pike; found in the Amur river in Asia.
 Esox masquinongy - The Muskellunge; found in  northern and eastern North America.
 Esox niger - The Chain pickerel; native to the U.S. states of Georgia and North Carolina. 
 Esox americanus - The redfin pickerel; also found in Georgia and North Carolina.

Forage 

All species of Esox are predatory feeders. They eat other fish, small mammals and birds. Pike will eat almost anything that doesn't eat them first.

References

Other websites 

 University of Esox
 Northern Pike, Esox lucius
 Chain Pickerel Esox niger 
 Redfin pickerel 
 Amur pike in Russia

Teleosts
Katherine Murray "Kate" Millett (September 14, 1934 – September 6, 2017) was an American feminist writer. Her first book Sexual Politics was published 1970.

Millett was born to Catholic parents in St. Paul, Minnesota. In 1961 she moved to Japan. In 1965 she married sculptor Fumio Yoshimura. She was bisexual.

Millett died on September 6, 2017 in Paris, France of cardiac arrest at the age of 82.

References

Other websites

Guide to the Kate Millett Papers at Duke University

1934 births
2017 deaths
American civil rights activists
American feminists
American human rights activists
American LGBT people
American LGBT rights activists
Bisexual people
Cardiovascular disease deaths in France
Deaths from cardiac arrest
LGBT writers
Writers from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes is an American science-fiction movie directed by Matt Reeves. It stars Andy Serkis, Gary Oldman, Jason Clarke, and Keri Russell. It is the sequel to the 2011 movie Rise of the Planet of the Apes. It was released on July 11, 2014. A sequel to the movie War for the Planet of the Apes was released on July 14, 2017.

References

2014 science fiction movies
Planet of the Apes movies
Movies set in San Francisco
Movies directed by Matt Reeves
Post-apocalyptic movies
Dystopian movies
Planetary system is the general term for a star with planets and other objects in orbit around it. The Solar System is one of these. It is now clear that many other stars have planetary systems.

The 21st century has become a golden era of planetary system discovery. 4,801 such exoplanets in 3552  planetary systems have been discovered, including 789 multiplanet systems. Hundreds more systems are unconfirmed. 

The closest confirmed system is Gliese 832 at 14.8 light years (ly) with one confirmed planet.The closest unconfirmed system is Alpha Centauri at 4.37 ly with a planet of Earth mass. The closest multi-planet system is Gliese 876 at 15.3 ly with four confirmed planets.

Of particular interest to astrobiology is the habitable zone of planetary systems. This is thought to be the region with the most potential to develop extraterrestrial life.

Multiplanetary systems 

Multiplanetary systems are stars with at least two confirmed planets, beyond our Solar System.

From the total of 1116 stars known to have exoplanets (as of June 2014, there are a total of 461 known multiplanetary systems.  About 280 of these have only two confirmed exoplanets, but some have more. The star with the most confirmed planets is our Sun with 8 confirmed planets, while the stars with the most confirmed exoplanets are Kepler-90 and HD 10180 with 7 confirmed planets each; in 2012, two more exoplanet candidates have been suggested for HD 10180, which would bring the total to 9 exoplanets in that system.

Gliese 876, with 4 confirmed exoplanets, is the closest multiplanetary system at 15 light years from our Solar System. A total of 12 systems are known that are closer than 50 light years away, but most are much farther away. The farthest confirmed multiplanetary system is OGLE-2012-BLG-0026L, at 13300 ly away.

The two most important stellar properties are mass and metallicity because it determines how these planetary systems form. The higher mass and metallicity tend to have more planets and more massive planets.

References 

Astronomical objects
Johnny Mann (August 30, 1928 – June 18, 2014) was an American musical entertainer. He was an arranger, composer, conductor, and recording artist. He was the bandleader of The Johnny Mann Singers. He later worked with musicians such as Johnny Burnette, The Crickets and Eddie Cochran. He also worked a lot with Joey Bishop, such as working on his show. He a singer for Alvin and the Chipmunks. He was also a musical director for The Alvin Show, and voiced Theodore.

Mann was nominated for five Grammy Awards, winning two. He was signed with records such as Apex Records and Liberty Records.

Mann was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He was married to actress Lori Nelson from 1960 to 1973. He was finally married to Betty Mann from 1983 until his death.

Mann died on June 18, 2014 in Anderson, South Carolina, aged 85.

References

Other websites
 

1928 births
2014 deaths
American composers
American conductors
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Grammy Award winners
Singers from Baltimore
Musicians from Baltimore
A rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhyme between lines of a poem or song. People usually use letters to show which lines rhyme with which other lines. For example, in a poem that is ABAB, the first and third lines rhyme with each other and the second and fourth lines rhyme with each other. The most basic rhyme schemes are AA, AAA, AABB, ABAB and ABBA. There are also more complicated schemes, such as ABABBCC (rhyme royal), ABABABCC (ottava rima) or ABABBBCBCC (Spenserian stanza). Sonnets may have very different rhyme schemes, Italian (ABBA ABBA CDC DCD, ABBA ABBA CDE CDE, ABBA ABBA CDE EDC), French (ABBA ABBA CDCD EE), Spenserian (ABAB BCBC CDCD EE) or Shakesperian (ABAB CDCD EFEF GG).

 Bid me to weep, and I will weep
 While I have eyes to see;
 And having none, yet I will keep
 A heart to weep for thee.
 (Robert Herrick, To Anthea, who may Command him Anything), an ABAB rhyme scheme

Sometimes there are also internal rhymes. In the following strophe from Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner there are rhymes and alliteration:

 The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,
 The furrow followed free;
 We were the first that ever burst
 Into that silent sea.

Some schemes are common, the other are used very rarely. The scheme AABBCC is simple and can be found everywhere, but the scheme ABCCBA, used by Robert Browning in the Meeting at Night, was never popular:

 The grey sea and the long black land;
 And the yellow half-moon large and low;
 And the startled little waves that leap
 In fiery ringlets from their sleep,
 As I gain the cove with pushing prow,
 And quench its speed i' the slushy sand.

There are many possibilities for rhyme scheme. Five-line stanzas can have any of ten schemes with two different rhymes: AAABB, AABAB, AABBA, ABBAA, ABABA, ABAAB, AABBB, ABABB, ABBAB, ABBBA. Another possibility is of course AAAAA.
Notice that two or three rhymes can be linked to each other by repeating the same vowel. The rhyme scheme of Giambattista Marino's poem Adone is ABABABCC (ottava rima), but in this strophe all rhymes are based on the vowel [i]. This feature shows up in Italian text but not in other languages:

 Giunto a quel passo il giovinetto Alcide,
 che fa capo al camin di nostra vita,
 trovò dubbio e sospeso infra due guide
 una via, che’ due strade era partita.
 Facile e piana la sinistra ei vide,
 di delizie e piacer tutta fiorita;
 l’altra vestìa l’ispide balze alpine
 di duri sassi e di pungenti spine.

A a poet, period of time, or type of poetry can have a preferred rhyme scheme. For example, the Scottish poet Robert Burns preferred the scheme AAABAB. Rhyme royal, ABABBCC, was common in medieval English poetry. Ottava rima was typical of epic poems. Many great epic poems were written in Italian, Spanish or Portuguese with ABABABCC scheme.

References

Bibliography 
 Josef Berg Esenwein, Mary Eleanor Roberts, The Art of Versification. Revised Edition, Home Correspondence School, Springfield 1921.

Poetry forms
Mildred Frances Cook (or Carole Cook; born January 14, 1924) is an American actress of movie and theater. She played Grandma Helen in the movie Sixteen Candles. She was also on The Lucy Show.

Carole Cook was born in Abilene, Texas.

References

Other websites 

Actors from Texas
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
People from Abilene, Texas
1924 births
Living people
Sixteen Candles is a 1984 comedy movie. It was written and directed by John Hughes. It is about a high school girl who is turning sixteen. Molly Ringwald plays Samantha Baker.
This movie was released on May 4, 1984.

References

Other websites 

1984 comedy movies
1984 romance movies
1980s coming-of-age movies
1980s teen comedy movies
1980s teen romance movies
1980s romantic comedy movies
American coming-of-age movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen romance movies
Coming-of-age comedy movies
Coming-of-age romance movies
Controversies
English-language movies
Movies about weddings
Movies directed by John Hughes
Movies set in Illinois
Screenplays by John Hughes
Universal Pictures movies
Nina Foch (April 20, 1924 – December 5, 2008) was a Dutch-American actress. She was the leading lady in many movies in the 1940s and 1950s. She played Marie Antoinette in Scaramouche (1952). She also played Erica Martin in the movie Executive Suite.

Foch was born in Leiden, Netherlands to an American mother and Dutch father. She died of kidney disease in Los Angeles.

References

1924 births
2008 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
Disease-related deaths in the United States 
People from Leiden
Mats Julian Hummels (born in Bergisch Gladbach, West Germany on 16 December 1988)
 is a German football defender who plays for Bayern Munich and represents the Germany national football team. He represented Germany in both the UEFA Euro 2012 and the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Since 2010, Hummels has been a regular for the German team.

Career statistics

Club

International

References

Other websites
 Mats Hummels Official Twitter
 Mats Hummels Official Facebook

1988 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
People from Bergisch Gladbach
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Ari Ne'eman (pronounced neh-uh-MAHN; born December 10, 1987) is an American autism rights activist. He was born in East Brunswick, New Jersey. After he graduated from high school he started the Autistic Self Advocacy Network. Ne'eman was nominated by President Obama to the National Council on Disability in 2009.

References

1987 births
Autism
American activists
People from New Jersey
Living people
Diane Neal (born November 17, 1976) is an American actress. In Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Neal played Casey Novak. She also played Abigail in NCIS.

Neal was born in Alexandria, Virginia.

References

People from Alexandria, Virginia
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Virginia
1976 births
Living people
Saint-Gaudens (Gascon: Sent Gaudenç) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France. It is the capital of the arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens and of the canton of Saint-Gaudens.

History

In antiquity, the present place of the city was near a Roman road between Toulouse and Dax, where there was a rural area called Mansus; Mansus was named later as Mas Saint-Pierre after the Christianization of the region.

In 475, a young Christian boy, Gaudens, was killed by the Visigoths and he was buried in this place. The town took its current name in the ninth century, because may people came here to worship the martyr; the relics of Gaudens were deposited in the church of Mas-Saint-Pierre.

As an important regional market place, Saint-Gaudens became the economic capital of the Comminges (a natural region and an old French region on the hills at the base of the Pyrenees).

Geography
The city of Saint-Gaudens is in the Comminges, at the foot of the Pyrenees. It is about  to the southwest of Toulouse and at about  from Tarbes (Hautes-Pyrénées).

It is found on the left side of the Garonne river.

The commune has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

Climate
The climate of Saint-Gaudens, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Population

The inhabitants of Saint-Gaudens are known, in French, as Saint-Gaudinois (women: Saint-Gaudinoises).

Saint-Gaudens has a population, in 2014, of 11,255, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Saint-Gaudens

Administration 
Saint-Gaudens is a subprefecture of the Haute-Garonne department, the capital of the arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens and the administrative centre () of the canton of Saint-Gaudens.

It is part of the intercommunality Cœur et Coteaux de Comminges ().

Sister cities 
Saint-Gaudens is twinned with:
  Avranches, France
  Barbastro, Spain
  Vielha e Mijaran, Spain

Sites of interest
Some important buildings are:
 The Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Gaudens church
 The Saint-Jacques chapelle
 The Cloister (part of the cloister that remains of the old Bonnefond abbey)

References

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens
 Communes of the Haute-Garonne department

Other websites

 City Council website 
 Office de Tourisme - Saint-Gaudens 
 Société des études du Comminges 

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Haute-Garonne
Enner Valencia (born April 11, 1989) is an Ecuadorian Association football Striker. He plays for C.F. Pachuca and the Ecuador national football team.

References 

Ecuadorian footballers
1989 births
Living people
Ibrahim Oyala Touré (27 September 1985 – 19 June 2014) was an Ivorian footballer. He played as a striker for Al-Safa' SC, Telephonat Beni Suef SC, Misr El-Makasa SC, Al-Ittihad SC Aleppo, O.G.C. Nice, Metalurh Donetsk and ASEC Mimosas.

Touré was born in Bouaké. He was the younger brother of defender Kolo Touré (born 1981) and midfielder Yaya Touré (born 1983).

Touré died after a short battle with cancer on 19 June 2014 in Manchester, England. He was 28. At the time of his death, his older brothers, Kolo and Yaya, were playing for their country at the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil.

References

Other websites
 Ibrahim Touré at Transfermarkt

1985 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in England
Ivorian footballers
A threesome, in human sexuality, is sexual activity between three people. It can also be called troilism or a ménage à trois.

References

Human sexuality
The Theory of Communicative Action () is a book by Jürgen Habermas.

It continues his project set out in On the Logic of the Social Sciences of finding a way to "ground the social sciences in a theory of language".

References 

Non-fiction books
Human female sexuality is a process that includes female sexual identity, sexual behavior and sexual activity.

Human females may find having orgasms difficult and complicated. 

Some things related to human female sexuality are controversial. Overall, men are more commonly allosexual while women are more commonly demisexual.

References

Human sexuality
William Harrison "Bill" Withers, Jr. (July 4, 1938 – March 30, 2020) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. He performed and recorded from 1970 until 1985. He recorded major hits including "Lean on Me", "Ain't No Sunshine", "Use Me", "Just the Two of Us", "Lovely Day", and "Grandma's Hands". He won three Grammy Awards and was nominated for four more during his career.

He was born in Slab Fork, West Virginia. Withers died of heart disease in Los Angeles on March 30, 2020 at the age of 81.

References

Other websites

Biography at Soultracks.com
Bill Withers Biography with photos
 Still Bill documentary
 Extensive 2009 audio interview with Withers on public radio program The Sound of Young America

Grammy Award winners
1938 births
2020 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
Singer-songwriters from California
Singers from West Virginia
Musicians from West Virginia
Musicians from Los Angeles
Writers from West Virginia
Samantha Harris (born Samantha Harris Shapiro, November 27, 1973) is an American television hostess. She was the co-host of seasons two through nine of Dancing with the Stars with Tom Bergeron. From 2010–12, she was a correspondent at Entertainment Tonight.

In April 2014, Harris announced that she was diagnosed with breast cancer and would undergo a double mastectomy.

References

Other websites

1973 births
Living people
American television presenters
People with cancer
People from Minnesota
Grass Valley is a small city in Nevada County, California, United States. As of 2010, the population is 12,860.

Cities in California
Nevada County, California
1893 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in California
Epsilon Eridani (ε Eri, ε Eridani) is a star in the southern constellation Eridanus, just south of the celestial equator. It can be seen from most of Earth's surface. 

It is 10.5 light years (ly) away, and has an apparent magnitude of 3.73. It is the third closest individual star or star system visible to the unaided eye.

Epsilon Eridani was the closest star known to host a planet until the unconfirmed discovery of Alpha Centauri Bb. Its age is less than a billion years. Because of its youth, Epsilon Eridani has a more active magnetic field than the present-day Sun. Its stellar wind is 30 times as strong. Its rotation period is 11.2 days at the equator. The star is smaller and less massive than the Sun, and has a lower level of metal elements. It is a main-sequence star of spectral class K2, which means that energy generated at the core through nuclear fusion of hydrogen is emitted from the surface at a temperature of about 5,000 K, giving it an orange hue.

Its planet, Epsilon Eridani b, was announced in 2000. The planet orbits in about 7 years. It is about 3.4 astronomical units (AU) away from its star. 

The system includes two belts of rocky asteroids: one at about 3 AU and a second at about 20 AU, whose structure may be maintained by a hypothetical second planet, Epsilon Eridani c. Epsilon Eridani has an extensive outer debris disk of remnant planetesimals left over from the system's formation.

Epsilon Eridani may be a member of the Ursa Major Moving Group of stars that share a similar motion through the Milky Way. This suggests they share a common origin in an open star cluster. Its nearest neighbor, the binary star system Luyten 726-8, will have a close encounter with Epsilon Eridani in about 31,500 years when they will be separated by about 0.93 ly. 

Epsilon Eridani has been the target of SETI searches. Epsilon Eridani appears in science fiction stories and has been suggested as a destination for interstellar travel.

References 

Stars
A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars which orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction. A large number of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a star cluster but, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies.

A stellar system of two stars is known as a binary star, binary star system or physical double star. If there are no tidal effects, no disturbance from other forces, and no transfer of mass from one star to the other, such a system is stable. Both stars will orbit around the center of mass of the system indefinitely. Examples of binary systems are Sirius, Procyon and Cygnus X-1, the last of which probably consists of a star and a black hole.

Multiple star systems 
It is possible to have star systems with more than two members. Their stars  are gravitationally bound to each other, and may or may not be close to each other.

A recently discovered quintuple star system (five stars) is known as 1SWASP J093010.78+533859.5. The system has two sets of binary stars, one of them with a small third star. The two sets are a long way apart, further than the orbit of Pluto is to the Sun. The binary stars are close to each other and one binary has touching stars, with their outer ionised gases mixing. That situation is called a contact binary. From the data collected, the authors are fairly sure that both binaries (and probably all five stars) are gravitationally bound in a single system. The angles of inclination (the angle between the two orbital planes) of the two binaries (88.2(3) and 86(4) degrees). This suggests they originally formed by break-up (~9-10 billion years ago ago) from a single protostellar disk. Afterwards, they stayed in the same orbital plane.

Most multiple star systems are triple stars. Systems with four or more components are less likely to occur.

Multiple star systems are smaller than open star clusters, which have more complex dynamics and typically have from 100 to 1,000 stars. Most multiple star systems known are triple. For example, in the 1999 revision of
Tokovinin's catalog of physical multiple stars,
551 out of the 728 systems described are triple.

Multiple-star systems can be divided into two main types: systems which are stable, or systems with chaotic behavior. Chaotic ones are usually of young stars in systems not yet disrupted by chaos.

References 

Star clusters
Kentaro Sato (佐藤 賢太郎 Satō Kentarō, born 12 May 1981), aka Ken-P, is a composer and conductor of media music and concert music.

Sato was born in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan. He holds a Master of Music in Conducting and a Bachelor of Music in Media and Commercial Writing from California State University, Northridge (CSUN). In addition to his degree in music, he also holds a degree in cinema from Santa Monica College. He is famous for his works for chorus and orchestra, and video game music.

Other websites
Official site

1981 births
Living people
Japanese composers
Conductors
People from Shizuoka Prefecture
An open star cluster, also known as galactic cluster, is a group of a few hundred or thousand stars. They have roughly the same age, and were formed from the same giant molecular cloud.

More than 1,100 open clusters have been discovered within the Milky Way Galaxy, and many more are thought to exist. They are loosely bound together by mutual gravitational attraction, but they get  disrupted by close encounters with other clusters and clouds of gas. Open clusters generally survive for a few hundred million years, with the most massive ones surviving for a few billion years.

In contrast, the more massive globular clusters of stars exert a stronger gravitational attraction on their members. So, they can survive for longer. Open clusters have been found only in spiral and irregular galaxies, in which active star formation is occurring.

Young open clusters may still be in the molecular cloud from which they formed. They light it up and create an H II region. Over time, radiation pressure from the cluster will disperse the molecular cloud. Typically, about 10% of the mass of a gas cloud will form stars before radiation pressure drives the rest of the gas away.

Open clusters are key objects in the study of stellar evolution. The cluster members are of similar age and chemical composition, so their properties (such as distance, age and chemical composition) are more easily studied than for isolated stars. A number of open clusters, such as the Pleiades, Hyades or the Alpha Persei Cluster are visible with the naked eye.

References
The Stockholm Marathon is an annual marathon event in Stockholm, Sweden. Held since 
1979, it also serves as the Swedish national marathon championship.

The 2020 edition was cancelled because of the coronavirus pandemic. The 2021 comeptition was also postponed and held held on Saturday 9 October.

Winners
Key:

Men

Women

References

Other websites

 Official website (in english) 
Stockholm Marathon at SVT's open archive  

1979 establishments in Sweden
Sport in Stockholm
Sports competitions
Running
Speak Now is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It was released on October 25, 2010 by Big Machine Records. The album was written by Swift herself (other writers helped write her previous albums).

Speak Now is in a country-pop style similar to Swift's other work. A deluxe edition was sold in Target stores. That version has three new songs (including the single "Ours") and two acoustic versions of songs on the original. Throughout 2011, Swift promoted the album on the Speak Now World Tour.

References

2010 albums
Pop albums
Country albums
Acoustic pop albums
Taylor Swift
Göteborgsvarvet is an annual half marathon running event in Gothenburg,  Sweden. First held in 1980, it is often referred to as the Göteborg Half Marathon in English). 

The 2020 and 2021 editions were both cancelled because of the Coronavirus pandemic.

Winners

Key:

References

Other websites

 Official website

1980 establishments in Sweden
Sport in Gothenburg
Sports competitions
Running