cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Stanley Milgram (August 15, 1933 – December 20, 1984) was an American social psychologist. He is most famous for his controversial study about obedience to authority figures. In these experiments, Milgram showed that about two out of three people would follow orders of an authority figure to the point of risking the life of, or perhaps even killing, an innocent person.  He got the idea from the Holocaust. He wrote a book about his experiments called Obedience to Authority.

The idea of six degrees of separation comes from Milgram's 1967 small-world experiment. It has been criticized a lot, but in 2008 Microsoft found that the average chain of contacts between users of its '.NET Messenger Service' was 6.6 people. A study published in the January 2014 volume of Computers in Human Behavior found that the average number of acquaintances separating people in unusual jobs is 3.9, and 3.2 for average Facebook users.

Early life
Milgram was born to a Jewish family in New York City.

References

1933 births
1984 deaths
American psychologists
Jewish American scientists
Scientists from New York City
Theodor W. Adorno (; ; born Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund; 11 September 1903 – 6 August 1969) was a German sociologist, philosopher, composer, and music theorist. 

He designed the F-scale with other researchers at the University of California. This scale tried to measure "the authoritarian personality", the "F" standing for "Fascist". He wrote about this in the 1950 book The Authoritarian Personality.  He was a Marxist.

References

1903 births
1969 deaths
20th-century German composers
20th-century German philosophers
Continental philosophers
German academics
German communists
German sociologists
Marxism
Music theorists
Refugees from Nazism
Writers from Frankfurt
Nipissing University is a university in Ontario, Canada. It is located in located in North Bay, Ontario.

Other websites
Official website

Colleges and universities in Canada
Ontario
Typhoon Haiyan (or Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines) is one of the strongest tropical cyclones in history. It formed on November 3, 2013, in the western Pacific Ocean. It began east-southeast of Pohnpei. The storm later hit the Philippines with extremely high winds and a strong storm surge. It has caused major damage in the Visayas. At least 6,241 people died in the storm.  The director of Meteorology at Weather Underground, Jeff Masters, said this could be the strongest tropical system to reach land.  Haiyan's winds were near 195 miles an hour' Typhoon Haiyan or "Yolanda" Was a Intense Powerful Typhoon It Demolished Trees' Buildings Flanged Even Cars like Toys Trees On November 3Rd A Tropical Disturbance Started to Go to Warm Areas in the Pacific Ocean A Warm Tide Approaches The Guam Island and the Marianas. 425 Miles From The Japanese Island Chain. It Was a Record Breaker For its Clouds Being 856 Miles High !

References 

2013 disasters in Asia
2013 in weather
2010s in China
2010s in Oceania
2010s in the Philippines

Disasters in Taiwan

History of Vietnam
Natural disasters in China
November 2013 events
Pacific typhoons
Curtis Michael "Curt" Hennig (March 28, 1958 – February 10, 2003) was an American professional wrestler, manager and color commentator. He is known for competing in the American Wrestling Association (AWA), World Wrestling Federation (WWF), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He competed under his real name and under the ring name, Mr. Perfect.

He was the son of wrestler Larry "The Axe" Hennig. He was the father to current WWE superstar Joe "Curtis Axel" Hennig. He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Major League Baseball player and longtime friend Wade Boggs in 2007. He is considered to be one of the greatest ever in-ring performers.

Championships
American Wrestling Association
AWA World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
AWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Scott Hall)Future of WrestlingFOW Heavyweight Championship (one time)i-Generation Superstars of Wrestlingi-Generation World Heavyweight Championship (two times)Main Event Championship WrestlingMECW Heavyweight Championship (one time)Pacific Northwest WrestlingNWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship (one time)
NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship (3 times) (with Larry Hennig (one), Buddy Rose (one) and Pat McGhee (one))Pro Wrestling IllustratedHe was ranked as the Most Improved Wrestler of the Year by PWI in 1987.
He was ranked #9 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the year in the PWI 500 by PWI in 1993.
He was ranked #55 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003.
He was ranked #98 of the Top 100 Tag Teams of the "PWI Years" with Scott Hall in 2003.World Championship WrestlingWCW United States Heavyweight Championship (one time)
WCW World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Barry Windham)World Wrestling CouncilWWC Universal Heavyweight Championship (one time)World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling EntertainmentWWF Intercontinental Championship (two times)
WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2007)Wrestling Observer Newsletter'''
Most Improved (1983)

References

Other websites
WWE profile

1958 births
2003 deaths
American professional wrestlers
Drug-related deaths
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Minnesota
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
WWE Hall of Fame
Catherine "Kate" Bush  CBE  (born 30 July 1958) is an English singer-songwriter. In 1978, her first single "Wuthering Heights" was Number 1 in the UK for a month, making her the first woman to have a No.1 in the UK with a song she had written by herself. She has released ten studio albums and 25 UK hit singles.

Early life
Bush was born in Welling, Kent and raised in East Wickham. At the age of 11 she taught herself piano. At 13 she was writing songs, some of which featured on her first album.

Career
In July 1976 Bush was signed to EMI. Bush's first album The Kick Inside was released 17 February 1978 and reached number three in the UK album charts. The album had her brother Paddy playing harmonica and mandolin. She released her second album Lionheart nine months afterwards. It reached number six in the UK album chart. 
In 1979 she did The Tour of Life, her only tour until August 2014. 

In 1980 she had her first UK No.1 album, Never for Ever. "Babooshka" was the best-selling single from the album. It reached number five in the UK and was the 20th best-selling single of the year in Australia. 

In 1982 her fourth album, The Dreaming, was released. It was the first album she had produced. It was also her first album to enter the US Billboard 200 chart. It went straight to number 3 in the UK chart but it is her lowest-selling album so far. 

Hounds of Love's 1985 release gave Bush her second No.1 album. It is her best-selling studio album so far. Its first single, "Running Up That Hill", was her most successful 1980s release. It reached No.3 in the UK, her second highest chart place for a single ever. In 1986 it was used as the theme tune for the BBC children's drama Running Scared. The Whole Story, a collection of her "greatest hits" so far, was released and reached No.1 in the UK chart.
1989's The Sensual World reached number 2 in the UK album chart. It is Bush's best-selling album in the US. 

In 1990 she played a bride called Angela in a comedy film, Les Dogs. 

In 1993 Bush released The Red Shoes, her last album for twelve years. Bush released a short film called The Line, the Cross and the Curve in 1994.

Her eighth studio album and first double album, Aerial, was released on CD and vinyl in 2005. It took nine years to make. 

In 2007 she was asked to write a song for The Golden Compass soundtrack. It was played in the credits at the end of the film. 

In 2011 she released two albums, Director's Cut and 50 Words for Snow  on her own record label Fish People. 

Director's Cut is made of songs from The Sensual World and The Red Shoes. They have been remixed and three have been re-recorded. It got mostly good reviews.

50 Words for Snow got good responses from critics and won the 2012 Best Album at the South Bank Arts Awards.

On 26 August 2014 Bush performed her first concert in 35 years.

Personal life
Bush lives in Devon with her husband Dan McIntosh and son Albert "Bertie" Jack, who was born in 1998.

References

Other websites
Official website

1958 births
Brit Award winners
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English rock musicians
Living people
Musicians from Kent
Singers from London
Joseph Ruud (born November 28, 1981 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) better known by his ring name Erick Rowan, is an American professional wrestler. He currently competes for the WWE where he is a member of The Wyatt Family along with Bray Wyatt, Luke Harper,Daniel Bryan,Eli Cottonwood.

Career
Rudd competed in various independent promotions in both the United States and Japan before signing to the WWE. In 2007, he worked for Pro Wrestling Noah in Japan under the ring name, Thoruf. After his time with them was done, he returned to the United States and started competing for F1rst Wrestling under the ring name, Thoruf Marius. During his time there he feuded with Brody Hoofer.

He signed a developmental contract with WWE and was assigned to their developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling and started competing under the ring name Erick Rowan. He debuted on FCW TV debut in August 2011 when he defeated Kenneth Cameron. When FCW was rebranded into NXT Wrestling, he debuted on the December 12, 2012 episode of NXT as a follower of Bray Wyatt, who introduced Rowan as his "second son".

As a member of the Wyatt Family, he teamed with Wyatt's "first son" Luke Harper. They defeated Percy Watson and Yoshi Tatsu on the January 9, 2013 episode of NXT and defeated them again on the January 23 episode of NXT in the first round of the NXT Tag Team Championship tournament. Rowan and Harper defeated Bo Dallas and Michael McGillicutty in the semi-finals but were defeated in the finals by Adrian Neville and Oliver Grey. Harper and Rowan won a triple threat elimination tag match on the May 2 episode of NXT and defeated Neville and Bo Dallas, filling in for the injured Grey, on the May 8 NXT (taped on May 2) to win the tag titles. On June 20, they lost the NXT Tag Team Championship to Adrian Neville and Corey Graves.

Vignettes became appearing on Raw to promote the upcoming debut of the Wyatt Family and they debuted on the July 8 episode of Raw when they attacked Kane. He made his WWE in-ring debut in a tag team match on the July 26 episode of SmackDown, where he and Harper defeated Tons of Funk (Brodus Clay and Tensai). Rowan and Harper went on a winning streak over many teams for a couple months but suffered their first lost on the October 11 episode of SmackDown from Cody Rhodes and Goldust.

Championships
NXT Wrestling
NXT Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Luke Harper)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #145 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2013.

References

Other websites

1981 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Minneapolis, Minnesota
WWE wrestlers
Robert Budd Dwyer (November 21, 1939 – January 22, 1987) was an American politician. He served from 1971 to 1981 as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania State Senate representing the state's 50th district. He served as the 30th Treasurer of Pennsylvania from January 20, 1981 to January 22, 1987. 

On January 22, 1987, Dwyer called a news conference in the Pennsylvania state capital of Harrisburg where he killed himself in front of the gathered reporters with a .357 caliber revolver. Dwyer's suicide was also broadcast to a wide television audience across the state of Pennsylvania.

In the early 1980s, Pennsylvania discovered its state workers had overpaid federal taxes due to errors in state withholding. Many accounting firms competed for a multimillion-dollar contract to determine compensation to each employee. 

In 1986, Dwyer was convicted of receiving a bribe from a California firm trying to gain the contract. Throughout his trial and after his conviction, he maintained that he was innocent of the charge and that he had been framed. Dwyer was scheduled to be sentenced on those charges on January 23, 1987, the day after his suicide.

References

Other websites
 
 

1939 births
1987 deaths
People who committed suicide
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
US Republican Party politicians
Politicians from Missouri
Pamela Lyndon Travers OBE (Helen Lyndon Goff; 9 August 1899 – 23 April 1996) was an Australian-British writer, actress, and journalist.  

Travers was known for writing the 1933 successful children's book Mary Poppins and the seven sequels that followed. She worked with Walt Disney to make the 1964 movie version of the series, Mary Poppins. 

Travers was born on 9 August 1899 in Maryborough, Queensland. She studied at Normanhurst Girls School. She adopted one son from Ireland, Camillus Travers Hone. He died in 2011. Travers died on 23 April 1996 in her London, England home from an epileptic seizure, aged 96.

References

Other websites

 Gurdjieff by P.L. Travers, from Man, Myth and Magic: Encyclopedia of the Supernatural 12 vol., (London: Purnell, 1970–1971) reprinted on the International Gurdjieff Review web site.
 Finding aid  to Papers of P. L. Travers in State Library of New South Wales (pdf file).

1899 births
1996 deaths
Deaths from epilepsy
Australian stage actors
Australian journalists
British stage actors
British journalists
Writers from Queensland
Writers from London
Actors from Queensland
Actors from London
The New York City Marathon (called the ING New York City Marathon because it is sponsored by financial company ING Group) is a yearly marathon that goes through all five boroughs of New York City. The distance of the race is 26.219 miles. It starts at the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge and ends at Columbus Circle. It takes place on the first Sunday of November. It is one of the largest marathons in the world. 50,304 people ran the marathon in 2013. It has been held every year since 1970 except for 2012, when the race was cancelled because of Hurricane Sandy.

References

Other websites

Official ING NYC Marathon Fundraising Site

Running
Sports in New York City
Sports events
Bábism is a religion. It was started in Persia in the middle of the 19th century. The founder was Mirza Ali Muhamed Reza ash-Shirazi. He claimed to be a kind of savior for Shi'a Muslims. He took the title Báb (), meaning "gate". Bábism was originally based on his interpretation of the Qur'an and other Islamic texts. There were similar movements like this, but the Bábí movement tried to break with Islam to start a new religion. It was opposed by the government in Persia, which used laws and violence to destroy it. Bábism continued in exile in the Ottoman Empire. It led to the creation of Azali Babism and the Bahá'í Faith.

 
1844 establishments
The Mystery of the Vanished Prince is a children's novel by Enid Blyton. It was published in 1951. It is the ninth book in the Five Find-Outers series. 

The main characters in the story are Fatty, Bets, Pip, Larry and Daisy. The prince Bongahwah is kidnapped and the children solve this mystery.

1951 books
Children's books
North Platte is a city in southwest Nebraska. It had almost 25,000 people as of the 2010 census. The climate of North Platte is semi-arid.

Cities in Nebraska
County seats in Nebraska
Alessandro Striggio (–1592) was an Italian composer and Musician of the Renaissance period. His music was well known throughout Europe and he was very influential in England.

Italian composers
Renaissance composers
1536 births
1592 deaths
Garbage is an American alternative rock band that started in Wisconsin in 1993. They have released five studio albums. The members are Shirley Manson, Duke Erison, Steve Marker, and Butch Vig.

Early years
At first Vig was the singer, but the band wanted a female singer. Manson was asked to join Garbage after Marker saw the video for Angelfish's "Suffocate Me" and the band's manager found that Manson was the singer. The band signed with Mushroom UK. 

Their first album Garbage was released in 1995. It entered the UK Album Chart at number twelve, and spent over a year in it. Six singles were released from the album. The first, "Vow", was the band's first single. "Queer" was their first top 20 UK single. The fourth single, "Stupid Girl", reached number four in the UK Singles Chart and was nominated for two Grammy Awards, Best Rock Song and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group.

1997-2000
In March 1998 the first single from their upcoming album Version 2.0, "Push It" was released. It was their third UK Top Ten hit in a row, reaching number 9. The video was nominated for eight MTV Music Video Awards.

In May 1998 the band released their second album, Version 2.0. That month they started touring to promote the album until the end of 1999. It was nominated for the 1999 Grammy Award for Album of the Year and Best Rock Album. It entered the UK Albums Chart at number 1.

2001-2001
In October 2001 Beautiful Garbage was released. It was less successful than the band's previous albums, and had a more varied sound. Rolling Stone's US and Australian editions named it was one of their critics' "Top 10 Albums of the Year".

2003-2008
In October 2003 the band broke up. In February 2004 they reformed.

Bleed Like Me was released in 2005. It had a more rock sound than Beautiful Garbage. That year the band went on a break. In July 2007 Absolute Garbage, a collection of the band's biggest hits, was released on CD and DVD. It reached number eleven in the UK Albums Chart. It had a new song, "Tell Me Where It Hurts". The song was released as a single.

2009-now
In March 2012 "Blood For Poppies" was released, their first single in almost seven years. In May 2012 Not Your Kind of People was released on the band's own label STUNVOLUME. That month they started a tour for the album in Los Angeles.

In 2013 Garbage were nominated for “Best World Stage" at the MTV Entertainment Music Awards.

Discography
Studio albums
 Garbage (August 15, 1995)
 Version 2.0 (May 12, 1998)
 Beautiful Garbage (October 2, 2001)
 Bleed Like Me (April 12, 2005)
 Not Your Kind of People (May 15, 2012)
 Strange Little Birds (2016)
 No Gods No Masters (2021)

References

Further reading

Other websites

 
 
 

1990s American music groups
1994 establishments in the United States
Alternative rock bands
American rock bands
Musical groups established in 1994
People from Wisconsin
The First Jewish–Roman War was the first and biggest of the Jewish–Roman wars in the Judaea province. It is often called The Great Revolt. It happened from 66–70 AD, and ended with the Empire winning.

It began in 66 AD in Caesarea, where there was religious tension between the Greek and Jewish population. It turned into an anti-taxation protest against Rome. In Caesarea, the Greeks sacrificed animals in front of a Jewish Synagogue. This resulted in the Jews ceasing sacrifices to the Roman Emperor. General Gallus went up against the rebels and lost a crucial battle at Beth Horon in 68 AD.

After this defeat, Emperor Nero replaced Gallus with Vespasian. He crushed the Northern and Southern leadership and the rebellion began to fall apart. Later that year, Nero was deposed. The Roman forces besieged Jerusalem and breached the walls by 70 AD. Once they got into the walls, the Roman soldiers burned and ransacked the city also destroying the Second Temple. The final stronghold at Masada was taken in 73 AD and when the Roman soldiers broke through the defences, they discovered all the defenders had committed suicide. As a result, most of the Jews in the area were scattered or sold into slavery. The final death toll, according to Josephus who was often wrong about numbers, was over one million.

Wars and battles of Ancient Rome
60s
70
Chvrches (pronounced "churches") are a Scottish synthpop band that started in Glasgow in 2011.

They released their first album, The Bones of What You Believe on 20 September 2013. It got very good reviews. It was successful around the world. It reached No.9 in the UK Albums Chart and 12 in the US Billboard 200. In December 2013 NME magazine put The Bones of What You Believe at number 23 on their list of Best Albums Of 2013. 

In 2015 they released their second album Every Open Eye. In 2018 they released their third album Love Is Dead.

In 2014-present they do concerts in Europe.

Band members
 Lauren Mayberry - lead vocals, drums, percussion, additional synthesisers, sampler (2011-present)
 Martin Doherty - synthesisers, samplers, lead and backing vocals (2011-present)
 Iain Cook - synthesisers, guitar, bass guitar, backing vocals (2011-present)

Touring musicians

 Jonny Scott – drums, percussion (2018–present)

Discography

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites

2011 establishments in the United Kingdom
2010s music groups
Musical groups established in 2011
Musical groups from Glasgow
Musical trios
Scottish musical groups
Synth-pop
21st-century establishments in Scotland
was a Japanese politician. He was Prime Minister of Japan from 27 November 1982 to 6 November 1987. Nakasone was a friend of Brian Mulroney, Ronald Reagan, Helmut Kohl, François Mitterrand, Margaret Thatcher, and Mikhail Gorbachev.

He was best known for pushing through the privatization of state-owned companies, and for helping to revitalize Japanese nationalism during and after his term as prime minister. Nakasone was the oldest living Japanese prime minister. He turned 100 on 27 May 2018.

Nakasone died at Tokyo hospital on 29 November 2019 at the age of 101 years and 186 days.

References

Other websites

1918 births
2019 deaths
Japanese centenarians
People from Gunma Prefecture
Prime Ministers of Japan
University of Tokyo alumni
Martin Brian Mulroney  (born March 20, 1939) is a Canadians politician. He was the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984 to June 25, 1993, and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993.

His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement and the Goods and Services Tax, and the rejection of constitutional reforms such as the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord. Prior to his political career, he was a prominent lawyer and businessman in Montreal.

Mulroney was born on March 20, 1939, in Baie-Comeau, Quebec. He is the son of Irish Canadian Catholic parents, Mary Irene (née O'Shea) and Benedict Martin Mulroney,

References

Other websites

 The 'Greenest' PM in History 
 Ubben Lecture at DePauw University
 CBC Digital Archives – Brian Mulroney: The Negotiator
 "Martin Brian Mulroney," by Norman Hillmer 
 

1939 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Canada
Canadian lawyers
Irish businesspeople
Irish politicians
Canadian businesspeople
People from Westmount, Quebec
Politicians from Quebec
Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
James Robert "Jim" Leavelle (August 23, 1920 – August 29, 2019) was a Dallas, Texas homicide detective who was escorting Lee Harvey Oswald through the basement of Dallas Police headquarters when Oswald was shot by Jack Ruby.

Early life
Leavelle was born and raised in Red River County, Texas. He served in the United States Navy during World War II, and was a sailor on board the USS Whitney during the December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor bombings.

Career
He joined the Dallas Police Department in April 1950 and retired in April 1975.

Leavelle later said to author Joseph McBride that to him, the murder of President John F. Kennedy was "no different than a south Dallas nigger killing". This remark reveals that Leavelle was a racist who was not really concerned about who killed President Kennedy.

When Leavelle testified before the Warren Commission, he claimed that the first time he had ever sat in on an interrogation with Oswald was on Sunday morning, November 24, 1963. When Counsel Joseph Ball asked Leavelle if he had ever spoken to Oswald before this interrogation, he stated; "No; I had never talked to him before". Leavelle then stated during his testimony that; "...the only time I had connections with Oswald was this Sunday morning [November 24, 1963]. I never had [the] occasion to talk with him at any time..." 

Leavelle believed that Oswald acted alone in killing Kennedy, and said that in a 2006 discussion, he was told by Oswald's brother Robert that he believes the same thing, "because I knew my brother."

Death
Leavelle died at a hospital on August 29, 2019, at the age of 99 while on a trip to Denver, Colorado from a heart attack while recovering from hip surgery.

References

1920 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from surgical complications
American police officers
People from Dallas, Texas
Covington is a small city in the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is the parish seat of St. Tammany Parish.

Movies filmed in Covington

References

Other websites

 City of Covington official website
 Covington Business Association 

Cities in Louisiana
Parish seats in Louisiana
Ouachita Parish () is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. Its parish seat is Monroe. It was created in 1807 by the state government. As of the 2010 census, 253,720 people lived there.

 
1807 establishments in the Territory of Orleans
West Richland is a city in Benton County, Washington, United States.

Notes

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
Benton County, Washington
West Monroe is the second-largest city in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana, United States.

Cities in Louisiana
Ouachita Parish, Louisiana
Hammond is the largest city in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, United States.

Transportation

Rail

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, is a common sight in Hammond. The old station is still in use and is located right in the middle of downtown.

Highways
Part of Hammond's success is due to its location at the junction of two heavily travelled interstate highways:

Two U.S. Highways serve the city:

State highways serving the area include:

Other websites

Cities in Louisiana
Crowley is the parish seat of Acadia Parish, Louisiana, United States. Over 60% of the population are non-Hispanic whites.

References

Cities in Louisiana
Parish seats in Louisiana
Nicola Pfund (born November 7, 1960 in Sorengo) is a Swiss Italian writer, blogger and journalist.

Biography 

He comes from Canton Schaffhausen, but he was born in Sorengo (Canton Ticino). After studying at a teacher-training college, he got a diploma as  librarian-documentalist and later as General Culture teacher. Currently he teaches at a vocational school and he writes for some newspapers as a sports journalist (member sportpress.ch and AIPS). He is the author of several books in the historical, educational, sports and travel fields. In particular, his tales about cycling trips in Switzerland and over the Alpine passes are well known and they sometimes offer new and original information about the country.
In 2012, he created a sports blog (triathlon, ecology and ethics in sports) that rapidly became one of the most visited in the Italian language area. Enough to be selected among the seven biggest bloggers of Switzerland involved in a new project of the blogosphere, for the circulation of information concerning the “Energy Strategy 2050” of Switzerland.

Bibliography 

Triathleta per passione: viaggio alla scoperta di uno sport affascinante, Lugano, Fontana, 2003.
Breganzona: echi dalla collina di ponente, Lugano, Fontana, 2005.
L'ABC del perfetto ricercatore, Lugano, Fontana, 2007.
La Svizzera in bicicletta, Lugano, Fontana, 2008.
Fare ricerca a scuola: notizie utili per svolgere piccole o grandi ricerche a scuola, Lugano, GLIMI, 2010.
Sui passi in bicicletta – Swiss Alpine passes by bicycle, Lugano, Fontana, 2012.
La filosofia del Jogger, Bellinzona, Salvioni, 2012.
A-Z fitness: sport, benessere, salute, Lugano, Fontana Edizioni, 2014.
Allenare il corpo, allenare la mente, Firenze, Giunti Editore, 2015.
In bicicletta su e giù per il Ticino: 26 salite imperdibili alla scoperta di un territorio, Lugano, Fontana Edizioni, 2020.
Guida letteraria della Svizzera italiana. Distretto di Lugano, Bellinzona, DECS, 2021.

References

Other websites
Nicola Pfund in Viceversaletteratura.ch
Biography in ASSI.ch
Bibliography in theeuropeanlibrary.com 
Bibliography in swissbib.ch
Bibliography in Sistema bibliotecario ticinese
Bibliography in OPAC SBN Italian
Web/blog

Swiss people
Swiss writers
1960 births
Living people
Bloggers
Jabberwocky is a 'nonsense poem' written by Lewis Carroll in his 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass. All the same, it does strangely make a kind of sense.

In an early scene of Alice in Wonderland, Alice finds the verse Jabberwocky. She says (p24)
"Somehow it seems to fill my head with ideasonly I don't exactly know what they are.”
This is now thought to be one of the greatest nonsense poems written in English. Its playful, whimsical language has given us nonsense words, portmanteau words and neologisms such as "galumphing" and "chortle".

Origin and publication

The concept of nonsense verse was not original to Carroll. Nonsense existed in Shakespeare's work and was well known in the Brothers Grimm's fairytales, some of which are called lying tales or lügenmärchen. 
John Tenniel reluctantly agreed to illustrate the book in 1871, and his illustrations are still the defining images of the poem.

The illustration of the Jabberwock may reflect the Victorian obsession with natural history and the fast-evolving sciences of palaeontology and geology. The works of Darwin and the models of dinosaurs at the Crystal Palace Exhibition helped feed the interest. Perhaps it is not so surprising that Tenniel gave the Jabberwock "the leathery wings of a pterodactyl and the long rough neck and tail of a sauropod".

The poem 
Jabberwocky

'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe;
All mimsy were the borogoves,
And the mome raths outgrabe.

"Beware the Jabberwock, my son!
The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!
Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun
The frumious Bandersnatch!"

He took his vorpal sword in hand:
Long time the Manxome foe he sought—
So rested he by the Tumtum tree,
And stood awhile in thought.

And as in uffish thought he stood,
The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame,
Came whiffling through the tulgey wood,
And burbled as it came!

One, two! One, two! and through and through
The vorpal blade went snicker-snack!
He left it dead, and with its head
He went galumphing back.

"And hast thou slain the Jabberwock?
Come to my arms, my beamish boy!
O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!"
He chortled in his joy.

'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe;
All mimsy were the borogoves,
And the mome raths outgrabe.

Many of the words in the poem are playful words of Carroll's own invention, without special meaning. When Alice has finished reading the poem she gives her impressions: 
'It seems very pretty,' she said when she had finished it, 'but it's rather hard to understand!' (You see she didn't like to confess, even to herself, that she couldn't make it out at all.) 'Somehow it seems to fill my head with ideas—only I don't exactly know what they are! However, somebody killed something: that's clear, at any rate'

In Through the Looking Glass, the character of Humpty Dumpty explains to her the nonsense words from the first stanza of the poem. However, Carroll's personal commentary on several of the words differ from Humpty's. An analysis of the poem and Carroll's commentary is given in the book The Annotated Alice by Martin Gardner.

References 

19th-century British poems
Lewis Carroll
City-Haus is a skyscraper in the Westend-Süd district of Frankfurt, Germany. It has 42 stories, and is  tall. It was built from 1971 to 1974 and designed by architects Johannes Krahn and Richard Heil. Today it is part of the headquarters of DZ Bank.

Sources

More reading
 

1974 establishments in Europe
1970s establishments in Germany
Skyscrapers in Frankfurt
A Ship of the line was a kind of warship. Most ships of the line were built between the 17th and 19th century. At that time, battles were fought by many such ships, which sailed in a line. At first, such ships were sailing boats, but from about the 1840s, steam-driven ships of the line were built. The steam-powered ships of the line were still made of wood. From about 1859, the Ironclad warship replaced them. 

At that time, ships had cannons. Larger ships had room for more cannons, and were therefore more likely to hit the enemy. Today, ship designs are noticeably different, as cannons are no longer used.

Warships
Ships
The University of Salamanca () is a Spanish higher education institution. It is in the town of Salamanca, west of Madrid, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It was established in 1134 and given the Royal charter of establishment by King Alfonso IX in 1218.

The University of Salamanca was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.

References

Colleges and universities in Europe
Salamanca
American Hustle is an American crime drama movie directed by David O. Russell. It is based on the FBI ABSCAM operation of the late 1970s in Camden, New Jersey. It stars Christian Bale, Amy Adams, Bradley Cooper, Jeremy Renner, Jennifer Lawrence, Louis C.K., Michael Peña, and Robert De Niro. It was composed by Danny Elfman. It was released on December 18, 2013.

2013 crime movies
2013 drama movies
2010s crime drama movies
Adultery in movies
American crime drama movies
BAFTA Award winning movies
English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Histrionic personality disorder in fiction
Movies based on real life events
Movies composed by Danny Elfman
Movies directed by David O. Russell
Movies set in New Jersey
Movies set in New York
Movies set in the 1970s
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Villavicencio is a city in Colombia. It is the largest city and the capital of the Department of Meta. Villavicencio is on the great Colombian–Venezuelan plain called Los Llanos. In 2005, the population was 384,131. the city was founded as in 1840. The city became the capital of the department in 1959.

Sources

Cities in Colombia
1840 establishments
19th-century establishments in Colombia
1840s establishments in South America
5 Seconds of Summer (abbreviated 5SOS) is a pop-rock band from Quakers Hill, a Western suburb of Sydney, Australia. The band has 4 members: Calum Hood (bass guitar, vocals), Michael Clifford (guitar, vocals), Luke Hemmings (lead vocals, guitar), and Ashton Irwin (drums, vocals). Luke, Calum, and Michael all attended Norwest Christian College in Riverstone, NSW. Ashton, however, attended Richmond High School in Richmond, NSW. Michael came up with the name '5 Seconds of Summer'. Calum writes most of their music and they often sing about love or according to Ashton, life. The band have talked about being heavily influenced by famous rock bands such as Green Day, All Time Low, Blink-182, and Nirvana. In an interview, they stated that their music was "Basically the love child of all their favorite bands". They have also said that their hero is Billie Joe Armstrong, the lead singer of Green Day. They supported Hot Chelle Rae on their 2012 "Whatever" tour. They toured with One Direction for their TMH and WWA tours and gained international fame. They now have their own tour "Rock Out With Your Socks Out" (ROWYSO). Their second headline tour started in February 2016, "Sounds Live Feels Live" (SLFL). The band has released four albums, 5 Seconds of Summer, Sounds Good Feel Good, Youngblood and Calm, in that order.

Career
5 Seconds of Summer started out with 3 friends (Luke Hemmings, Calum Hood, and Michael Clifford) making covers on YouTube and quickly getting recognition. Later on, they were in need of a drummer which led them to Ashton Irwin on Facebook from a mutual friend, and they officially became a band on December 3,2011. Louis Tomlinson from One Direction later directed his attention toward them. Over the years 5SOS released EP's like Somewhere New (2012), Unplugged (2012), Don't Stop (2014), Good Girls (2014), Amnesia (2014), and She's Kinda Hot (2015). They proceeded to release their first album "5 Seconds of Summer" on June 27, 2014 which got recognition from fans worldwide and resulted in their first headlining tour "Rock Out With Your Socks Out". Their second album "Sounds Good Feels Good" was released on October 23, 2015, followed by their second headlining world tour "Sounds Live Feels Live". The band released their 3rd album, Youngblood, on the 15th June, 2018, after returning from their 3-year hiatus. Since then, the band has featured on The Chainsmokers' single "Who Do You Love", and joined The Chainsmokers on their tour, World War Joy. They are planning to go on their No Shame tour this year and will be featuring the famous rock band, All Time Low. The band has just finished their latest album. The songs include Easier (2020) Red Desert (2020), Wildflower (2020), and  Old Me (2020).

Sources

2010s music groups
2011 establishments in Australia
Australian pop music groups
Australian rock bands
Musical groups established in 2011
Musical groups from Sydney
Musical quartets
Pop rock bands
A sea breeze (or onshore wind) is a wind from the sea that develops over land near coasts. It is formed by increasing temperature differences between the land and water; these create a pressure minimum over the land due to its relative warmth, and forces higher pressure, cooler air from the sea to move inland.A sea breeze or onshore breeze is any wind that blows from a large body of water toward or onto a landmass; it develops due to differences in air pressure created by the differing heat capacities of water and dry land.

Winds
Chinatown in London is in Soho area in the West End. It has  Chinese-run businesses. These include restaurants, bakeries, supermarkets and souvenir shops.

Related pages 
British Chinese

References

Other websites 
Chinatown website 

City of Westminster
The Division of Kingsford Smith is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of New South Wales. The division is named after Sir Charles Kingsford Smith, the first pilot to fly across the Pacific Ocean. The Kingsford Smith International Airport (Sydney International), and the suburb of Kingsford, which are both in the division, are also named after him. The division was set up in 1949.

The division covers the south-eastern suburbs of Sydney, on the north shore of Botany Bay, and the coast of the Tasman Sea. It includes Coogee, Randwick, Maroubra, Mascot, Botany, Malabar and Kensington.

Members

Lionel Bowen was a minister in the Whitlam government and the Deputy Prime Minister under Bob Hawke. Laurie Brereton was a minister in the Keating government. Peter Garrett was the lead singer of the Australian band Midnight Oil, and a former President of the Australian Conservation Foundation. He served as the Minister for the Environment and Minister for Education. Garrett retired at the 2013 election. He was replaced by Matt Thistlethwaite who had been a member of the Senate.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Kingsford Smith - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1949 establishments in Australia
Mars Incorporated is an American food company. They are mostly known as a chocolate manufacturer but they make many other foods. They also make food for pets. Brands include Uncle Ben's rice, Wrigley's, 3 Musketeers and M&M's. They employ 70,000 people worldwide.

Other websites
Official site 
Uncle Ben's 
Mars Pedigree India
Flame Retardant Additives For Plastics
Cnc Turning Programming
wireless bluetooth earphones

American food companies
1911 establishments in the United States

Companies based in Virginia
Opelousas is the parish seat of St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States. it is the most populous municipality in St. Landry Parish

Other websites

 
 Opelousas and St. Landry Parish 
 Louisiana's African American Heritage Trail 
 St. Landry Parish Economic Industrial Development District 
 St. Landry Parish Tourist Commission
 USGenWeb St. Landry Parish
 USGenWeb Genealogy Records for St. Landry Parish 

Cities in Louisiana
Louisiana
Parish seats in Louisiana
1720 establishments
18th-century establishments in Louisiana
1720s establishments in North America
Acadiana
The Sri Lankan Civil War was a war fought in the island of Sri Lanka. It started on 23 July 1983. There was a revolt against the government by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (also called the Tamil Tigers-தமிழீழ விடுதலைப் புலிகள்.). They fought to create an independent state for Tamil people called Tamil Eelam in the north and the east of the island.

The war lasted for 26 years.  A ceasefire in the early 2000s broke down and the fighting began again.  The Sri Lankan military defeated the Tamil Tigers in May 2009.  The civil war caused a terrible setback to the social, cultural, and economic life of the country.  Tens of thousands of people were killed.
Calaisa is a quartet from the town of Malmö in Sweden. It consists of the systers, Caisa and Lisa Troedsson and the sisters Malin and Anna Törnquist. The band participated at Melodifestivalen 2008 with the song If I Could, which was knocked out during the Karlskrona competition on 1 March 2008.

Calaisa has released several albums.

Discography

Albums
 Calaisa - 2006
 Grafton Street - 2009
 Up To Us - 2012

References

Other websites
 Calaisa
 Trelleborgs Allehanda 2009, från  kulturgymnasiet Heleneholm, Malmö

Swedish musical groups
Malmo
New Iberia is the parish seat of Iberia Parish, Louisiana, United States. it is the largest city in Iberia Parish and the eleventh-largest in the state of Louisiana.

Sister cities

References

Other websites

City of New Iberia 
Shadows-on-the-Teche
The Iberia Community Concert Band 
Bunk Johnson New Iberia Jazz Festival site 

Cities in Louisiana
Parish seats in Louisiana
Acadiana
1779 establishments in North America
18th-century establishments in Louisiana
Scott is a municipality in Lafayette Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is the second largest municipality in the state. The population grew to over 8,000 according to the 2010 census results.

Scott is a suburb of Lafayette and is part of the Lafayette Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Other websites 

1907 establishments in the United States
Cities in Louisiana
Acadiana
The Adour (, ) is a river in southwestern France that flows through the Occitanie and Nouvelle-Aquitaine regions.

It rises in the Pyrenees, at the Arbizon mountain, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) near Bayonne.

Geography
The Adour river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Course
The Adour river is born, as Adour de Payolle, at the north side of the Arbizon mountain. In the Campan valley, that is formed by three smaller valleys corresponding to the sources of the three Adours (Adour de Payolle, Adour de Gripp and the Adour de Lesponne), these small rivers meet at Campan (Arrondissement of Bagnères-de-Bigorre) to form the Adour river.

The Adour flows north for almost a hundred miles through the Hautes-Pyrénées to Gers. There, it turned to the west and gets into the Landes department. In Port-de-Lanne, the Adour is joined by the Gaves réunis river and, finally, it flows into the Bay of Biscay, in the Atlantic Ocean, between Anglet (Pyrénées-Atlantiques) and Tarnos (Landes).

The river is navigable (it is deep, wide and slow enough for a ship to pass) for about  from its mouth.

Tributaries of the Adour
Some of the important tributaries (longer than 50 km) of the Adour are:

Towns along the river
Départements and towns found along the Adour river are:
 Hautes-Pyrénées: Campan, Bagnères-de-Bigorre, Tarbes, Maubourguet
 Gers: Riscle
 Landes: Aire-sur-l'Adour, Dax, Tarnos
 Pyrénées-Atlantiques: Bayonne

Hydrology 
The average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) for the Adour river is  at Saint-Vincent-de-Paul in the Landes department.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Saint-Vincent-de-Paul (1918 - 2017)

The Adour shows typical seasonal fluctuations. The highest levels of the river are in winter and spring, from December to May inclusive, with the highest level in February. They are followed by a rapid fall in the flow during the low water period that goes from July to October.

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

Notes

References

Other websites

 L'Adour : histoire, géographie et détournement   
 L'adour et ses affluents, villes et villages, faune et flore, navigation et pêche  

Rivers of France
Occitanie
Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Michel Phaneuf is a Canadian columnist who writes about wine. Since 1981, 30 editions of his Guide du vin have been published and have sold almost a million copies.

He holds a bachelor in communication from the University of Quebec in Montreal.

The 2010 edition of his guide won a Gourmand World Cookbook Awards. His guide is now copublished with Nadia Fournier.

Since 2007, Michel Phaneuf has suffered health issues: heart problems and Parkinson's disease. 

Writers from Quebec
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
The National Library of Indonesia is in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. It is the country's national library.

It was started on 17 May 1980. By law, a copy of all printed works published in Indonesia must be given to the National Library.

References

Other websites 
Official website 

National libraries in Asia
Jakarta
1980 establishments in Asia
1980s establishments in Indonesia
Buildings and structures in Indonesia
Busted are an English pop rock band from Southend-on-Sea, Essex. They started in 2002. The original members were James Bourne, Matt Willis and Charlie Simpson. All of them did singing. Simpson played keyboard, piano, harmonica, and drums. Bourne played guitar. Willis played drums. They released their first single "What I Go to School For" in the UK in September 2002 and it reached No.3. That month they released their first album, Busted. It reached No.2 in the UK Albums Chart. On 17 November 2003 they released their second studio album, A Present for Everyone. It went straight to No.2. In December 2004 Simpson left to focus on his band Fightstar. On January 14 the band broke up.

The band had five UK No.1s between 2002 and 2004. One of the No.1s was as part of Band Aid 20's 2004 "Do They Know It's Christmas?" single. In February 2004 the band got Best British Breakthrough Act and Best Pop Act at that year's BRIT Awards.

From 19 to 22 September 2013 Willis and Bourne performed with McFly at McFly's four 10th anniversary concerts at the Royal Albert Hall as "McBusted". In 2014 McBusted toured the UK.

References

2000s British music groups
2005 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
British pop rock bands
Musical groups established in 2002
Musical groups disestablished in 2005
Musical groups from Essex
2002 establishments in England
A kaffir is someone who does not believe in God according to Islam. It is the most common description used in the Qur'an for non-believers. They are also mentioned especially in the Quran Sura Kafirun.

Islam
Pejoratives
Slurs
Raykeea Angel Wilson (born July 10, 1992), better known by their stage name Angel Haze, is an American rapper. BBC put them at number three in their Sound of 2013 list. 
They released the first single from their album, "Echelon (It's My Way)" on August 28, 2013.
They released their first mixtape on November 27, 2009. Since then they have released five more mixtapes.
Haze performed at 2013's Reading Festival and Leeds Festival.
On October 22, 2013 Haze released a remix they made of "Same Love" by Macklemore.

Haze's first album Dirty Gold was released on December 30, 2013.

Career
Their first album Dirty Gold was going to be released in January 2014. It was produced by six different people, including Mike Dean, Greg Kurstin and Malay. In an interview with NME they said, "My new album's most definitely not hip-hop." On December 18, 2013 the album was leaked. It was released on December 30, 2013. On March 17, 2014 "Battle Cry" will be released.

Haze was born in Detroit, Michigan. They have one older brother, three little brothers, and one little sister. They are African and Native American. They identify as agender and pansexual. They have released two songs insulting Azealia Banks, "On the Edge" and "Shut the Fuck Up". They prefers the they/them pronouns.

References

Other websites
 Official website

1992 births
African American musicians
American rap musicians
American feminists
LGBT musicians
Living people