cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Colby Lopez (born May 28, 1986) is an American professional wrestler. He wrestles for the WWE currently on the Raw brand. He competes under the ring name Seth Rollins. On March 29, 2015, he won the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. Rollins is a former member of The Shield and while he was with them, he was a WWE Tag Team Champion with Roman Reigns. Before being called up to the main roster, Rollins wrestled for the WWE's developmental program NXT and was the first NXT Champion.

Career 
Rollins has also wrestled for Ring of Honor (ROH), where he is a former ROH World Champion and a former two-time ROH World Tag Team Champion with his Jimmy Jacobs. While on the independent circuit, he wrestled under the ring name Tyler Black. Aside from Ring of Honor, he has also competed in Scott County Wrestling, AAW: Professional Wrestling Redefined, Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South, the National Wrestling Alliance, Pro Wrestling Guerrilla, and Wrestling Society X.

Black is also a three-time world champion—the MCPW World Heavyweight Championship once, the FIP World Heavyweight Championship once, and the ROH World Championship once.

References

Other websites

WWE profile

1986 births
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Iowa
WWE wrestlers
The Descent of Man, and selection in relation to sex is a book by Charles Darwin, first published in 1871.

It was Darwin's second great book on evolutionary theory, with the first being his 1859 work, On the Origin of Species.

Darwin had said almost nothing about human beings in the Origin, except a single sentence:
"Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history".

In The Descent of Man, Darwin applies evolutionary theory to human evolution, and also explains his theory of sexual selection. He thought the two topics were closely connected.

In the nearly 12 years between the Origin and the Descent of Man, several writers had written works on the subject. Noteworthy were:

Man's Place in Nature by Thomas Henry Huxley.
The Antiquity of Man by Charles Lyell.

Both were published in 1863.

Sexual selection

Sexual dimorphism 
The starting point for sexual selection is the observation that males differ from females, not just in sexual apparatus, but in many other traits. This is true of many animals, and the question is why this happens. The answer given by Darwin, and followed by many other biologists, is that the selection on males is different from the selection on females.

Sexual selection in Man 
Sexual selection is the theory proposed by Charles Darwin that states that certain evolutionary traits can be explained by intraspecific competition (competition between members of the same species).

Darwin defined sexual selection as the effects of the "struggle between the individuals of one sex, generally the males, for the possession of the other sex".

Biologists today distinguish between "male to male combat" or "intrasexual selection" (it is usually males that fight each other), "mate choice" or "intersexual selection" (usually female choice of male mates) and sexual conflict.

Secondary sex characteristics are features that distinguish the two sexes of a species, but are not directly part of the reproductive system. They are believed to be the product of sexual selection for traits which give an individual an advantage over its rivals in courtship and fighting.

Traits selected by male combat are called "weapons"; and traits selected by mate choice are called "ornaments".

References 

Evolutionary biology
Biology books
1871 books
Books by Charles Darwin
Marylebone station, also known as London Marylebone, is a central London railway terminus and London Underground station. It is halfway between the mainline stations at Euston and Paddington, being about 1 mile (1.6 km) from each. It was opened on 15 March 1899 by the Great Central Railway.

Related pages
 The Landmark London - the present name of the former Great Central Hotel

Notes

References

Other websites

 Train times and station information for Marylebone railway station from National Rail (Station code: MYB)
 Marylebone Station at Chiltern Railways

Bakerloo line stations
Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
Transport in the City of Westminster
Tube stations in the City of Westminster
1899 establishments in England
Sexual conflict is a term in evolutionary biology. It occurs in a species when what benefits the females is different from what benefits the males.

The word 'benefit' here means 'what benefits the reproduction of the female's (or male's) genes. It is expressed as  a difference in biological fitness.

The conflict can lead to an evolutionary arms race between males and females. It has primarily been studied in animals, though it can in principle apply to any sexually reproducing organism, such as plants and fungi.

Fundamental difference of interest 
In sexual reproduction there is, from the point of view of evolution, a fundamental difference of interest between males and females. This difference of interest plays out differently in different species.
Males
Their interest is to mate with a large number of completely faithful females, thus spreading their genes widely in the population.
Females
Their interest is to mate with a large number of fit males, thus producing a large number of fit and varied offspring.

Examples 
A well-documented example is the seminal fluid of Drosophila melanogaster, which up-regulates females' egg-laying rate and reduces her desire to re-mate with another male (serving the male's interests), but also shortens the female's lifespan, so reducing her fitness."A hormone called 'sex peptide'... causes the female to become uninterested in mating... also males have components in their sperm which kill old sperm from previous males".92
The same set of alleles in males and females may have different optima: they are expressed differently in the sexes. A classic example is the human pelvis, where females need larger hips for childbirth. A narrower hip size is better for locomotion. The genes that affect hip size must reach a compromise that is at neither the male optimum nor the female optimum. In some cases, the loci involved are expressed differently in males and females. Evidence indicates that intralocus conflict is important in the evolution of many traits.
Sexual conflict may lead to antagonistic co-evolution, in which one sex (usually males) evolves a favorable trait which is countered by a trait in the other sex. For example, male bean weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus) have spiny genitalia. These allow them to copulate for a longer time without getting dislodged, and so transfer more sperm. However, this damages the female and reduces her fitness. Females have evolved the counteradaptation of kicking at males during mating, which reduces the time spent in copulation.

Some regard sexual conflict as a subset of sexual selection (which was traditionally regarded as mutualistic), while others suggest it is a separate evolutionary phenomenon.

Related pages 
Courtship in animals

References 

Evolutionary biology
Milan Dudić (born  November, 1st 1979 in Kraljevo, former Yugoslavia, now Serbia) is a football player from Serbia. He is now playing for SK Sturm Graz as defender in the Austrian t-mobile Liga, the highest division in Austrian football.

He started playing football with amateur teams and began 1998 with FK Cukaricki as professional player. In 2002, he began playing with Red Star Belgrade. He won the Serbian championship two times with the club (2004, 2006) and the cup also (2004, 2006). In 2006, he played with the national team of Serbia and Montenegro at the FIFA World Cup in Germany. All together he played 13 matches for the national team. In 2006, he signed with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. With Red Bull Salzburg he won the Austrian Championship three times. In 2011, his contract faded and he went to SK Sturm Graz.

Honours

Serbian Superliga(2): 2004, 2006
Serbia and Montenegro Cup (2): 2004, 2006
Austrian Bundesliga (3): 2007, 2009, 2010

Other websites 
Milan Dudic (Fangemeinschaft FC Red Bull Salzburg)

Gallery

1979 births
Living people
Serbian footballers
Carbon fixation is a process by which gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into a solid compound. It occurs in autotrophs during the Calvin cycle and in some heterotrophs.

Carbon
Paul Michael Glaser (born March 25, 1943) is an American actor and director.

Career 
He began his career in the TV series Love Is a Many Splendored Thing (1967). In 1972 he had a role in the film starring Goldie Hawn, Butterflies Are Free (1972), and in the TV movies Aces Up (1974), with Raul Julia, and Trapped Beneath the Sea (1974), with Lee J. Cobb.

In 1976 he played Harry Houdini in the TV movie: The Great Houdini. Followed starred in the movies Phobia (1980), as Dr. Peter Ross, Wait Till Your Mother Gets Home! TV (1983), and Attack on Fear TV (1984), he plays the role of a journalist who reports cases of corruption in a small town.

Glaser had a great director career as a film and television. He directed Arnold Schwarzenegger in The Running Man (1987). He also directed episodes of the series: Starsky and Hutch, Miami Vice, Otherworld, The Agency, Mister Sterling, Robbery Homicide Division, Judging Amy, Third Watch, and many more.

Starsky and Hutch 

His best known role was that of Det. Dave Starsky in American TV series Starsky and Hutch. The series is about two friends police, Dave Starsky and Ken Hutchinson; David Soul, to solve all kinds of cases. The series ran between 1975 and 1979. And they filmed 82 episodes. Glaser and Soul have a small role in the movie Starsky & Hutch (2004).
 
He was a guest star on the TV series: Cannon (1972), The Streets of San Francisco (1972), The Waltons (1973), Kojak (1974), The Closer (2008), Criminal Minds (2008), Numb3rs (2008), and The Mentalist (2009).

References 
Paul Michael Glaser official web site 

Paul Michael Glaser  at Internet Off-Broadway Database
Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation
Fansite about Paul Michael Glaser and David Soul 
The Paul Michael Glaser Web Experience 

American movie actors
American movie directors
Actors from Massachusetts
1943 births
Living people
"Coffee & TV" is a song by the British rock band Blur. The song was released on the 1999 album 13. "Coffee & TV" reached number 11 on the UK Singles Chart and number 26 on the Irish Singles Chart.

Chart performance

References

1999 songs
Vernon is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada. Vernon is in the south-central region of British Columbia and is the largest city in the North Okanagan region. It is named after Forbes George Vernon, a former member of government in British Columbia. Including the areas around it, Vernon has a population of 58,584 as of the Canada 2011 Census. A person who lives in Vernon is called a "Vernonite".

Vernon was named one of the top six most desirable communities to retire to in North America by Consumer Reports in 2005. Vernon has a BCHL (British Columbia Hockey League) ice hockey team called the Vernon Vipers.

History 
The site of the city was discovered by the Okanagan First Nations people, who named the community Nintle Moos Chin, which means "jumping over place where the creek narrows". This name refers to a section of the Swan Lake that passes through Downtown Vernon, the community's central business district. The Okanagan people settled around the city's two lakes, Okanagan Lake and Swan Lake, eating seasonal foods. Later, the land was renamed Priest's Valley because of the priests living in the valley around 1859. A town was created in 1885 and was named Vernon in 1887 in honour of Forbes George Vernon, a settler who became part of the British Columbian government.

Vernon started to develop in 1863, when gold was found in the surrounding lands. Centreville, the community's original business district, was formed in 1885. Vernon became an economic hub in the Okanagan because of its many cattle ranches and fruit orchard areas that attracted British families.

Vernon's growth quickened in 1891 after the Canadian Pacific Railway was opened in the Okanagan and Shuswap regions of British Columbia. Shortly after, the river boat S.S. Aberdeen was launched in 1893 to connect Vernon to other parts of the Okanagan. Fruit trees first grew in Vernon by the early 1890s, while water supplies were supplied to the community by canals by 1906. In 1908, the Okanagan Mounted Rifles military program was created, bringing a number of people to the area during World War I and World War II for lessons.

Vernon was incorporated as a city on December 30, 1892, with a city hall built in 1903 that included a fire hall and a public reading space. The following year, it was declared the largest municipality in the Okanagan and the first to contain a bank and telephone.

Other websites
Town of Vernon's Official website

References 

Cities in British Columbia
Albin Planinc or Albin Planinec (18 April 1944 – 20 December 2008) was a chess Grandmaster from Slovenia. He won the Slovenian Chess Championship in 1968 and 1971.

Planinc enjoyed playing old, rarely used openings, and had an tactical style of play that led to some brilliant wins, but also some bad losses. His playing career ended by age 35 because he struggled with a mental illness, but he went on to become a trainer.

References

Other websites
Player profile at ChessGames.com

1944 births
2008 deaths
Chess grandmasters
Mike Shaw (May 9, 1957 – September 11, 2010) was an American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Federation (WWF) under the ring names, Norman The Lunatic and Bastion Booger. He was married to his wife and they had two children. He died on September 11, 2010 due to a heart attack.

Championships
Shaw held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

NWA All-Star Wrestling
NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship (Vancouver version) (two times) with Danny O (one) and Dean Ho (one)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #403 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003.

Stampede Wrestling
Stampede International Tag Team Championship (two times) with Vulkan Singh (one) and Jerry Morrow (one)
Stampede North American Heavyweight Championship (three times)

Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Most Embarrassing Wrestler in 1993
Worst Worked Match of the Year in 1993 with Bam Bam Bigelow and The Headshrinkers vs. The Bushwhackers and Men on a Mission at Survivor Series

1957 births
2010 deaths
Former WWE wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Michigan
Robert William Holley (January 28, 1922; Urbana, Illinois – February 11, 1993) was an American biochemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which he won for describing the structures for alanine transfer RNA, linking DNA and protein synthesis.

References

1922 births
1993 deaths
American biochemists
American Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from Illinois
People from Urbana, Illinois
Marcus Alexander Bagwell (born January 10, 1970 in Marietta, Georgia) is an American professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling with World Championship Wrestling (WCW), World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring names, Buff Bagwell.

Championships
Bagwell held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

AWA Superstars of Wrestling
AWA Superstars of Wrestling World Tag Team Championship (one time) with The Patriot

Cleveland All-Pro World Wrestling
CAPW Unified World Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Great American Wrestling Federation
GAWF Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Great Championship Wrestling
GCW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Scott Steele

Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling
Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship (two times, current)
Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship (three times, current) with Dusty Rhodes (one), and Rikki Nelson (two)

North American Championship Wrestling
NACW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Ricky Morton

NWA Blue Ridge
NWA Blue Ridge Television Championship (one time)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #221 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003.

Ultimate NWA
Ultimate NWA Heavyweight Championship (one time)

World Championship Wrestling 	
WCW World Tag Team Championship (five times) with 2 Cold Scorpio (one), The Patriot (two), Scotty Riggs (one), and Shane Douglas (one)
Rookie of the Year in 1991

Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Most Embarrassing Wrestler in 2001

Others
Georgia All State Tag Team Championship (one time) with Chris Walker
Michigan Midwest Heavyweight Championship (one time)
RCW (Tennessee) Heavyweight Championship (one time)

1970 births
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
People from Marietta, Georgia
Jamar Shipman (born April 21, 1985 in Elizabeth, New Jersey) is an American professional wrestler who currently wrestles for Ring of Honor (ROH) under the ring name, Jay Lethal. He is probably best known for wrestling for TNA Wrestling from 2005 to 2011.

Championships
Lethal has held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

American Championship Entertainment
ACE Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mo Sexton

American Wrestling Alliance
AWA Heavyweight Championship (one time)
AWA Lightweight Championship (one time)
AWA Tag Team Championship (one time) with Rob Vegas

Big Time Wrestling
BTW Heavyweight Championship (one time)

International High Powered Wrestling
IHPW Diamond Division Championship (one time)
IHPW United States Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Jersey All Pro Wrestling
JAPW Heavyweight Championship (two times)
JAPW Light Heavyweight Championship (one time)
JAPW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Azrieal
JAPW Television Championship (one time)
Jersey City Rumble in 2009

Jersey Championship Wrestling
JCW J-Cup Championship (one time)
JCW Light Heavyweight Championship (one time)
JCW Television Championship (one time)

Millennium Wrestling Federation
MWF Television Championship (one time)

National Wrestling Superstars
NWS/WSU King and Queen of the Ring Tournament in 2009 with Miss April

Politically Incorrect Wrestling
PIW World Championship (one time)

Pro-Wrestling ELITE
PWE Interstate Championship (one time)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #27 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2008

Ring of Honor
ROH Pure Championship (one time)

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
TNA World Tag Team Championship (one time) with Consequences Creed
TNA X Division Championship (six times)
World X Cup in 2006 with Chris Sabin, Sonjay Dutt and Alex Shelley
X Division Wrestler of the Year in 2007

Unreal Championship Wrestling
UCW United States Heavyweight Championship (one time)
UCW World Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Worst Worked Match of the Year in 2006 (TNA Reverse Battle Royal at TNA Impact!)

Other websites
Official website 
ROH profile 

1985 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
AEW wrestlers
The Lamborghini Miura is a sports car that was built by Lamborghini from 1966 to 1972. The Miura is named after the fighting bull. It was designed by Marcello Gandini. 764 were automobiles produced.

References

Other websites
Lamborghini's Official website

Miura
Coupes
Sports cars
1960s automobiles
1970s automobiles
Chase Field is the home baseball park of the Arizona Diamondbacks. It is in downtown Phoenix, Arizona. The Diamondbacks moved into Chase Field in 1998 when the team was established. At that time the stadium was called Bank One Ballpark, or "The BOB". It was renamed Chase Field after the merger of Bank One with Chase. Chase Field also hosted the NCAA Insight Bowl from 2000 to 2005.

References

Other websites

 Stadium site on dbacks.com 
 Official website

Major League Baseball venues
Buildings and structures in Arizona
Arizona Diamondbacks
Sports in Phoenix, Arizona
1998 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Arizona
Lorne Greene (February 12, 1915 – September 11, 1987), was a Canadian actor and singer.

Career 

Greene was born on February 12, 1915 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. His first movie was Churchill's Island (1941), as narrator. He was in films such as The Silver Chalice (1954), Autumn Leaves (1956), with Joan Crawford, Peyton Place (1957), with Lana Turner, The Buccaneer (1958), with Yul Brynner, and Earthquake (1974), with Charlton Heston.

Greene also had roles in some low-budget westerns, including The Last of the Fast Guns (1958), The Hangman (1959),  
 
He also worked on the Japanese film Nippon chinbotsu (1974).

Bonanza 
Greene gained fame in 1959 starring in the NBC western Bonanza. He played role of Ben Cartwright, the owner of the Ponderosa Ranch in Virginia City.
Also in the series were Pernell Roberts as Adam Cartwright, Michael Landon as Joseph 'Little Joe' Cartwright, and Dan Blocker as Eric 'Hoss' Cartwright. 

The series was a success and lasted for 14 seasons between 1959 and 1973.

Television 

In the early years of Greene's career, he made guest appearances on television shows including Ford Television Theatre (1953), Producers' Showcase (1955), General Motors Presents (1955), The United States Steel Hour (1956), Kraft Television Theatre (1957), Shirley Temple's Storybook (1958).   
 
In 1955, he starred in his first series Sailor of Fortune, as Capt. Mitchell. The series was co-produced by Canada and Britain television, and lasted one season.
 
He was also a detective in Griff (1973-1974) created by Larry Cohen. Greene played Wade Griffin, a police officer with many years of service who leaves the force to become a private investigator

Another of his memorable roles was that of John Reynolds in the TV mini-series Roots (1977).
 
Greene continued to have success on television as the star of the science fiction series Battlestar Galactica (1978-1979), and Galactica (1980) where he played the role of Commander Adama. The series featured special effects never before seen on American television.

References 
 
 
 

1915 births
1987 deaths
Actors from Ottawa
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Deaths from pneumonia
David Keith McCallum (born September 19, 1933) is a Scottish actor.  He was born in Glasgow, Scotland. McCallum is best known for playing Illya Kuryakin in The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and Dr Donald "Ducky" Mallard on NCIS.

Career 

McCallum's first movie work was in Ill Met by Moonlight (1957), followed The Secret Place (1957). Later, he worked in The Long and the Short and the Tall (1961), Billy Budd (1962), and Freud (1962).  McCallum played a role in the movie The Great Escape (1962), with Steve McQueen and directed by John Sturges. In 1965,  he worked in the in biblical movie The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965). In this movie he played Judas. In 1966, he co-starred in Around the World Under the Sea (1966), with Lloyd Bridges.

He had a strong performance in first lead role in a movie in Mosquito Squadron (1969), directed by Boris Sagal. In 1970s, McCallum acted in movies as Dogs (1976), The Kingfisher Caper (1976),

Television 
Most of his career has been in television. He has worked for over fifty years in television both in the United States and the United Kingdom. His first appearances were in British television in Our Mutual Friend (1958), The Eustace Diamonds (1959), BBC Sunday-Night Theatre (1959) and BBC Sunday-Night Play (1960). In 1964, he played the role of Illya Kuryakin in the American TV series The Man from U.N.C.L.E.. McCallum played the character for 114 episodes. For this series McCallum was nominated for two Emmy Awards and two Golden Globes. David McCallum also had success in British series Colditz (1972-1974), and Sapphire & Steel (1979-1982). 

He also played role the invisible man in NBC TV series, The Invisible Man.  In the 1990s, he was in the sci-fi series VR.5 as Doctor Joseph Bloom. He worked on the American series The Replacements (2006-2009) and CBS TV series NCIS: Naval Criminal Investigative Service (2003-2011), as Dr. Donald Mallard.

References 
David McCallum Fans Online
Fans From U.N.C.L.E.

1933 births
Living people
Actors from Glasgow
Scottish television actors
Scottish movie actors
Scottish stage actors
Memorial Stadium was a stadium in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The stadium was home to the National Football League (NFL) team, the Baltimore Ravens from 1996 to 1997 and was also home to the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball from 1954 to 1991, as well as the Baltimore Colts from 1954 to 1983, and the Baltimore Stallions from 1986 to 1987. The stadium was demolished in 2001. In 2010 a new baseball field was built on the same site of the Memorial stadium and Cal Ripken was at the ribbon-cutting. It was nicknamed "The Old Grey Lady of 33rd Street" and "The World's Largest Outdoor Insane Asylum", for the infamous fan noise. The stadium eventually lost teams because it could not compete with other newer stadiums. There was a plack on the stadium honoring allied soldiers in World War II. A replica now sits outside Oriole Park at Camden Yards, the new home of the Orioles. The Ravens now play in M&T Bank Stadium.

Other websites

 The former website of Memorial Stadium

Former National Football League venues
Buildings and structures in Maryland
Baltimore Orioles
Baltimore Ravens
1922 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Maryland
2001 disestablishments in the United States
John Stewart Bell (28 June 1928 – 1 October 1990) was an Irish physicist who made great contributions to quantum physics, and especially to the question of what Heisenberg's uncertainty principle really tells us about the world.

Born: Belfast, Northern Ireland
B.S.: Queen's University of Belfast, 1948
Ph.D.: University of Birmingham, 1956

Paper entitled "On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox" introduced Bell's theorem, 1964 (Direct download from: 
http://www.ffn.ub.es/luisnavarro/nuevo_maletin/Bell%20(1964)_Bell%27s%20theorem.pdf
"On the Problem of Hidden Variables in Quantum Mechanics" discussed the supposed existence of hidden variables, 1966. (Direct download from http://www.mugur-schachter.net/docsupload/autresPublications/autresPublications_doc2.pdf) 

Quantum mechanics
Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (German: Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie Herzogin zu Mecklenburg; 10 March 1776 – 19 July 1810) was Queen consort of Prussia as the wife of King Frederick William III.

After her husband's ascension, Louise developed many ties to senior ministers and became a powerful figure within the government as she began to command universal respect and affection. The queen always tried to stay informed of political developments at court, and from the very beginning of his reign the new king consulted Louise on matters of state.

Though Prussia had not fought in a war since 1795, its military leaders were confident that they could win against Napoleon's troops. After a small incident concerning an anti-French pamphlet occurred, King Frederick William was finally pressured by his wife and family to break off his uneasy peace and enter the war against the French emperor. Prussian troops began mobilizing, culminating in the October 1806 Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, which was a disaster for Prussia, as the ability of its armed forces to continue the war were effectively wiped out. The king and queen had accompanied their troops into battle at Jena (with Louise apparently dressed "like an Amazon"), but had to flee from French troops.

Napoleon himself occupied Berlin, and the king, queen and the rest of the royal family had to flee, despite Louise's illness, in the dead of winter to Königsberg in the easternmost part of the kingdom. On the journey there, there was no food or clean water, and the king and queen were forced to share the same sleeping arrangements in "one of the wretched barns they call houses", according to one witness traveling with them.

Napoleon demanded, from a highly superior position, peace terms in what was to be called the Peace of Tilsit (1807). In the midst of these negotiations, the emperor agreed to keep half of Prussia intact. Louise reluctantly agreed to meet the emperor at Tilsit, but only to save "her Prussia." She tried to use her beauty and charm to flatter him into more favorable terms. Before she had called him "the Monster", but now she made a request for a private interview with the emperor. She threw herself at his feet; Napoleon was impressed by her grace and determination, but he refused to make any concessions. Queen Louise's efforts to protect her adopted country from French aggression became well admired by future generations.

On 19 July 1810, the Queen died in her husband's arms from an unidentified illness. The queen's subjects attributed the French occupation as the cause of her early death. Louise's death left her husband alone during a period of great difficulty, as the Napoleonic Wars and need for reform continued. Napoleon remarked the king "has lost his best minister."

Ancestry
</center>

References

Sources

Further reading

Other websites

 Louise's death mask , from the Laurence Hutton Collection
 A list of uses in literature concerning Queen Louise, found in Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases

1776 births
1810 deaths
Electors and Electresses
House of Hohenzollern
People from Hanover
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres) is great work of the Renaissance astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543).

The book, first printed in 1543 in Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, offered proof that the Earth went round the Sun, and not vice versa, as had been thought. 

This was an alternative model of the universe to Ptolemy's Earth-centered system, which had been accepted since ancient times.

Copernicus had worked his ideas out many years before, however he did not publish until right before his death because he himself did not truly believe it and only proposed the idea as a philosophy experiment.

Contents 
In its standard English edition, the book contains 330 folio pages, 100 pages of tables, and over 20,000 tabulated numbers.

The book is dedicated to Pope Paul III in a preface that argues that mathematics, not physics, should be the basis for understanding and accepting his new theory. 

De revolutionibus is divided into six "books" (sections or parts): 
 Book I is a general vision of the heliocentric theory, and a summarized exposition of his cosmology.
 Book II is mainly theoretical and describes the principles of spherical astronomy and a list of stars, as a basis for the arguments developed in the following books.
 Book III describes the apparent movements of the Sun and related phenomena.
 Book IV is a similar description of the Moon and its orbital movements.
 Books V and VI are the exposition of the new system. They explain how to calculate the positions of astronomical objects based on the heliocentric model.

This book is often referred to as the start of modern science.

Science books
16th-century books
History of science
The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake was an earthquake that took place in the San Francisco Bay Area. It happened on October 17, 1989, at 5:04 p.m. local time. The earthquake caused over 67 deaths. It caused billions of dollars worth of property damage. The earthquake happened during one of the games of the 1989 World Series. Because of that, it is sometimes called the "World Series Quake".

References

Loma Prieta Earthquake
Loma Prieta Earthquake
1980s in California
Earthquakes in the 1980s
Earthquakes in California
Natural disasters in the San Francisco Bay Area
October events
Lee Majors (born April 23, 1939) is an American actor.

Career 
Majors began his career in small roles for movie and television. One role was in Strait-Jacket (1964), with Joan Crawford.

In 1965, he got the role of Heath Barkley on the ABC series The Big Valley, with Barbara Stanwyck as the owner of the ranch, and mother of three of the Barkleys. Majors played the character for 112 episodes between 1965 and 1969. It was the first hit of his career.

After the success of Big Valley. Major starred in the TV movie The Ballad of Andy Crocker (1969). He played a man who, after returning from Vietnam, loses the most precious things in his life.

In 1970, he was invited to join the cast of The Virginian, starring James Drury. In The Virginian, the role played by Roy Tate, during the 1970-1971 season of the series.

In 1971, he played Jess Brandon, assistant attorney, in Owen Marshall: Counselor at Law.

In 1978, starred in the movie about Vikings The Norseman. Then came Killer Fish (1979) and Agency (1980) with Robert Mitchum. 

In 1980, he starred in the television remake of High Noon. In High Noon, Part II: The Return of Will Kane (1980), Majors played Will Kane. In this movie were two big western stars David Carradine and Pernell Roberts.

In 1981, he returned to television. He was successful in a number of television series. In The Fall Guy, he played Colt Seavers, a stunt double who worked to solve criminal cases. The series was one of the biggest hits of Majors and remained in the air between 1981 and 1986.

In the 1990s, he co-starred in the series Tour of Duty and Raven. He was a guest star on the series Daytona Beach (1996) and  Walker, Texas Ranger (1998). In recent years he was a guest star on Will & Grace (2005), Cold Case (2007), According to Jim (2008), and Human Target (2010).

In 2011, the movie version of The Big Valley started being made. Majors plays Tom Barkley.

The Six Million Dollar Man  
One of Majors' most famous roles is that of Col. Steve Austin in the ABC series The Six Million Dollar Man (1974-1977).  In that series, he played an astronaut whose body was rebuilt with bionic parts after a plane crash. His co-star was the actor Richard Anderson.

There were three movies pilots: The Six Million Dollar Man (1973), The Six Million Dollar Man: Wine, Women and War (1973) and The Six Million Dollar Man: Solid Gold Kidnapping (1973). 

Majors was in a reunion movie, The Return of the Six-Million-Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman (1987), Bionic Showdown: The Six Million Dollar Man and The Bionic Woman (1989), and Bionic Ever After? (1994).

In 1977, Majors was nominated for a Golden Globe Award as best actor for The Six Million Dollar Man.

Filmography

References

 
  (original pilot)
  (series)
 
 The Six Million Dollar Man  at Nostalgia Central
 The Six Million Dollar Man at Jump The Shark

Actors from Michigan
American adoptees
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
1939 births
Living people
Machel Montano (born 24 November 1974) is a soca artist from Trinidad and Tobago. He is the lead of the soca band Xtatik. He had his first hit as a youth with "Too Young To Soca". He then won the 1987 Caribbean Song Festival.

Biography 
Montano was born in Curepe (Northwestern Trinidad), and his family moved to Siparia, (Southwestern Trinidad), when he was very young.[6] He attended Siparia Boys' R.C., then Presentation College, a prestigious secondary school in San Fernando, where he was in the choir led by Mrs Cynthia Lee-Mac.[6] Machel first shot to fame as a nine-year-old boy with the song "Too Young To Soca" while he was still in primary school. In 1984, along with his older brother Marcus and neighbours, the group Pranasonic Express was started and, in 1989, the band became Xtatik. In April, 1986, at the age of 11, Montano appeared on the mainstream television show, Star Search.[7] In 1987, he took part in the Trinidad and Tobago National Song Writers Festival, and placed second with his song "Dream Girl". He also won the Caribbean Song Festival in Barbados. Such a win made Machel the first Trinidadian and youngest contestant to win this competition.

Soca 
He is the front-man of the soca band The HD Family, and is noted for his high energy, fast-paced, and often unpredictable on-stage performances. In 1987 he was the youngest finalist to ever win the Caribbean Song Festival. His career spans more than 30 years.[2] He now stands as one of the most well-known soca acts in the world, using his leverage as an artist able to sell out shows.[3] Recently he has moved to the Los Angeles area[4] and furthered his pursuit, saying: "I may not be the one to bring it forth, but in the meantime, I have a lot of work to do in order for something to happen." He is very well known in New York City, where he has had sold out concerts in Madison Square Garden many times over.

Solo albums 
Too Young to Soca? 
Soca Earthquake (1987)
Dr. Carnival (1988)
Katch Ya! (1989)
Breakin Out! (1990)
One Step Ahead! (1991)
2000 Young To Soca (2000 Re-Edition)
The Xtatik Experience (2005)
B.O.D.Y. (2006)
The Book of Angels (2007)
Flame on, released as Wining Season in the United States (2008)
Heavenly Drum (2009)
Album 34 (2010)
The Return (2011)
Double M (2012)
Going for Gold (2012)- Machel Montano and Friends
Machelements (Volume 1) (2013)
Happiest Man Alive (2014)
Monk Monte (2015)
Monk Evolution (2016)

References

Musicians
Trinidad and Tobago people
Living people
1974 births
ASAP is an acronym that means "As soon as possible". This means that something should be done as fast as it is able to be done.

ASAP may also mean:

 ASAP (band), a hard rock band fronted by Adrian Smith
 ASAP Rocky, rapper
 AcceleratedSAP from SAP AG
 Asynchronous array of simple processors, AsAP processor architecture
 Academics Stand Against Poverty, a network of academics
 Aircraft Sales and Parts, a Canadian aircraft manufacturer

Acronyms
Nelson Frazier, Jr. (February 14, 1971 – February 18, 2014) was an American professional wrestler.  He is best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment under the ring names, Mabel, Viscera, Big Daddy V, and King V. He wrestles for All Japan Pro Wrestling under the ring name, Big Daddy V and Big Daddy Voodoo. He was forced to retire from WWE for good as WWE did not want to be responsible for his health problems.
 
Frazier was in the 2009 movie The Legend of Awesomest Maximus co-starring
Will Sasso and Rip Torn. He also was in the movie Wrong Side of Town with fellow wrestlers Dave Batista and Rob Van Dam.

On the night of February 18, 2014, it was reported that Frazier had died following a heart attack, four days after turning 43.

Championships
Frazier has held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

All Japan Pro Wrestling
AJPW All Asia Tag Team Championship (one time) with TARU

Memphis Wrestling
Memphis Wrestling Southern Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Music City Wrestling
MCW North American Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Ozarks Mountain Wrestling
OMW North American Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Pro Wrestling Federation
PWF Tag Team Championship (two times) with Bobby Knight

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #49 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1995.

United States Wrestling Association
USWA Heavyweight Championship (one time)

World Wrestling Council
WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship (one time)

World Wrestling Federation
WWF Hardcore Championship (one time)
WWF Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mo
King of the Ring (1995)

Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Worst Feud of the Year in 2007 vs. Kane
Worst Tag Team in 1999 with Mideon
Worst Worked Match of the Year in 1993 with Mo and The Bushwhackers vs. The Headshrinkers, Bastion Booger, and Bam Bam Bigelow at Survivor Series

X Wrestling Federation
XWF Heavyweight Championship (one time)

References 

1971 births
2014 deaths
African-American wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Memphis, Tennessee
Sylvain Grenier (born March 26, 1977 in Varennes, Québec) is a Canadian professional wrestler. He is best known for his time working with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He is known for wrestling for the tag team, La Résistance along with Rob Conway and René Duprée.

Championships
Grenier held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

Combat Revolution Wrestling
Quebec Heavyweight Champion (two times)

Northern Championship Wrestling
NCW Quebec Championship (one time)
NCW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Rob Conway

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Rookie of the Year Runner-up in 2003

Top Of The World Wrestling
TOW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Rob Conway

World Wrestling Entertainment
World Tag Team Championship (four times) with René Duprée (one) and Rob Conway (three)

Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Worst Tag Team in 2003 with René Duprée

Other websites
Sylvain Grenier's Official website 

1977 births
Canadian professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Quebec
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
William Theodore Mueller (born September 10, 1980 in Coffeyville, Kansas) is an American professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name, Trevor Murdoch.

Championships
Mueller has held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #96 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2008.

World League Wrestling
WLW Heavyweight Championship (four times, current)
WLW Tag Team Championship (three times) with Bull Schmitt (one) and Wade Chism (two)

World Wrestling Entertainment
World Tag Team Championship (three times) with Lance Cade

1972 births
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Kansas
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
Tiffany Dawn Thornton (born February 14, 1986 in College Station, Texas, U.S.) is an American actress, comedian and singer, best known for her co-starring role as Tawni Hart on the Disney Channel Original Series, Sonny with a Chance.

Career
Thornton made her television acting debut on the pilot episode of the Fox sitcom, Quintuplets. She then went on to guest star on 8 Simple Rules, American Dreams, The O.C., Desperate Housewives, That's So Raven, Jericho, Wizards of Waverly Place and Hannah Montana. 

In 2009, she began her role as Tawni Hart on the Disney Channel Original Series, Sonny with a Chance and then went on to play a part in the Disney Channel Original Movie, Hatching Pete.

Personal life 
Thornton became engaged to her boyfriend of one year, Christopher Carney, a court officer, in December 2009. She has openly stated, "I am a Christian. I would have nothing without my faith."

Filmography

Music

Songs
2009: "Let It Go" (with Mitchel Musso) - Disney Channel Playlist
2009: "Some Day My Prince Will Come" - Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs: Diamond Edition DVD/Blu-ray
2009: "Magic Mirror" - Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure
2009: "I Believe"  Duet with Kermit the Frog - Studio DC: Almost Live
2010: "If I Never Knew You"  - DisneyMania 7
2010: "Kiss Me" - Sonny with a Chance (soundtrack)
2010: "Sure Feels Like Love" - Sonny with a Chance (soundtrack)

Music videos
2008: "La La Land" (Demi Lovato's video, cameo appearance)
2009: "Let It Go" (with Mitchel Musso)
2009: "Some Day My Prince Will Come"
2009: "I Believe"

Awards

References

Other websites

1986 births
Living people
Actors from Texas
Singers from Texas
American Christians
American television actors
Comedians from Texas
Lee Van Cleef (January 9, 1925 – December 16, 1989) was an American actor.

Career 

Born in Somerville, New Jersey, U.S.. His first roles were the villain Jack Colby in the western classic High Noon (1952) with Gary Cooper, and the sci fi movie The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms (1953) as Corp. Stone. Other classic western movies, he played a minor role in Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957), as Ed Bailey, and The Tin Star (1957), as Ed McGaffey. 

Lee Van Cleef jumped to fame in the spaghetti westerns, directed by Sergio Leone, Per qualche dollaro in più (For a Few Dollars More) (1965) and Il buono, il brutto, il cattivo (The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly) (1966), with Clint Eastwood in the title role. 

He had great success in European cinema in Italy is the protagonist of Spaghetti Westerns: The Big Gundown (1966) - Da uomo a uomo (1966) - I giorni dell'ira (1967) - Al di là della legge (1968) - Sabata (1969) - È tornato Sabata... hai chiuso un'altra volta (1971) - Bad Man's River (1971) - Il grande duello (1972) - Dio, sei proprio un padreterno! (1973) - The Stranger and the Gunfighter (1974) - Take a Hard Ride (1975) - Diamante Lobo (1976).

In the United States, Van Cleef also starred in some western movies such as Barquero (1970), by Gordon Douglas, and The Magnificent Seven Ride! (1972) by George McCowan

In the early 1980s he worked in the film The Octagon (1980), with Chuck Norris, Escape from New York (1981), directed by John Carpenter, and Armed Response (1986), with David Carradine.

Television 
 
In 1984, Van Cleef was the main protagonist of the NBC television series The Master, created by Michael Sloan, Lee plays an ex-military master martial arts expert ninja. Although it only lasted 13 episodes in the series keeps hundreds of thousands of fans around the world

He also guest starred in the TV series The Range Rider - The Adventures of Champion - The Gene Autry Show - The Lone Ranger - Brave Eagle - Trackdown - Wagon Train - Laramie - Rawhide - Branded - Laredo - Gunsmoke, always playing villain roles

Other websites 

Van Cleef's only published English-language biography 
TheBad.net: A Tribute to Lee Van Cleef
Lee Van Cleef page
Lee van Cleef Forum 

American movie actors
American television actors
actors from New Jersey
1925 births
1989 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
David Soul born August 28, 1943 in Chicago, Illinois, U.S., is an American actor, director, and singer.

Career 

His career began with small roles in television series such as Flipper (1967), I Dream of Jeannie (1967), and Star Trek (1967) as Makora. 

In 1968 he played the role of Joshua Bolt on the television comedy Here Come the Brides.
In the early '70s he continued to work as a guest actor in shows and series for television such as
The Young Rebels (1970), Dan August (1971), Ironside (1971), All in the Family (1972), The Streets of San Francisco (1972), The F.B.I. (1972), Ghost Story (1973), Cannon (1973). 

He also got two small roles in the films Johnny Got His Gun (1971), and Magnum Force (1974, with Clint Eastwood), Soul plays of role Officer John Davis one of the members of the death squad.

In 1974 he co-starred with Glenn Ford in the television film The Disappearance of Flight 412 directed by Jud Taylor. In 1979, Soul starred in Salem's Lot, a horror movie about vampires

The decade of the 1980s brought a lot of work television to Soul. He got starring roles in Swan Song (1980), Rage! (1980), Homeward Bound (1981), World War III (1982), and Through Naked Eyes (1983).

One of his best films was In the Line of Duty: The F.B.I. Murders (1988), directed by Dick Lowry. He plays a criminal who, with an accomplice, committed a long string of crimes in the state of Florida. they meet in a bloody shootout with FBI members.

In the 1990s Soul worked on the big screen with Dolph Lundgren in Pentathlon (1994), directed by Bruce Malmuth.
 
Some years ago Soul worked on British television, has participated in such films as The Dark Lantern (2004), Jerry Springer: The Opera (2005).

Hutch 
Soul shot to stardom in 1975 as star of the detective series Starsky and Hutch. He played Detective Sergeant Ken Hutchinson who, along with Dave Starsky Paul Michael Glaser, had to stop all kinds of criminals. The stories deal with simple cases of theft to serial killings. Soul played the character of Ken Hutchinson in 82 episodes between 1975 and 1979.

Singer 
Soul also had a successful career as a singer. He had hits like "Don't Give Up On Us" and "Silver Lady", which peaked at number one on the charts in Britain in 1977. Soul recorded five albums: David Soul (1976), Playing To An Audience Of One (1977), Band Of Friends (1979), The Best Days Of My Life (1982), and Leave A Light On (1997).

References
 David Soul Message Board 
 David Soul Official Website
 Unofficial website 
 
 New Album - Looking Back

American movie actors
American television actors
musicians from Chicago
actors from Chicago
1943 births
living people