cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Love is a mix of feelings and actions that shows a deep liking for someone or something. Love involves caring for another. Romantic love can lead to things such as dating, marriage and sex, but a person can also feel for friends, such as platonic love, or family.
There are also chemical reactions within the brain that can be triggered by the different types of love.

Forms of love 
Their are many kinds of love. There can be self-love, love towards a friend (such as platonic love), love in romance, towards family, toward God, or towards an object or idea. 
Often love can be confused with other feelings. Being sexually or physically attracted is the feeling of lust. Lust and love may be thought of as different. Normal friendship is a form of love that can be distracted by lust and misunderstanding.

First love 
People describe the person that they first loved romantically as their "first love." For example, in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is Juliet's very first love. At that time, she was only 13. In Maria Edgeworth's book Belinda, Mr. Vincent says, "First loves are silly things."

Chemical basis 
The biological model of lust is different from love because it is more like hunger or thirst. Helen Fisher, an expert in the topic of romantic love, divides it into three stages: lust, attraction, and attachment. Lust makes people like each other, attraction encourages people to focus on mating, and attachment helps people tolerate the spouse (or the child).

Lust is the passionate sexual desire that promotes mating. This usually lasts only a few weeks or months. Attraction is more for one person specially. Recent studies in neuroscience say that as people fall in love, the brain releases chemicals, including dopamine. These chemicals make people less hungry and sleepy, and also adds an intense feeling of excitement. Research shows that this stage normally lasts from one and a half to three years.

Since these lust and attraction stages are both described as temporary, a third stage might describe long-term love. Attachment can be used to describe the bonding period that helps keep husband and wife together for many years. Attachment occurs in the longer term.

Love and health
Love has consequences for health and well-being. Joyful activities such as love activate areas in the brain responsible for emotion, attention,
motivation and memory, and it may further lead to reduction of cortisol, which reduces stress. Some people usually do not feel love. They are called aromantics.

Related pages

Saint Valentine

Notes 

Basic English 850 words
Love
Healthy lifestyle
Something that is portable can be carried or easily moved.  The word portable may also refer to:
 Portable building, a manufactured building that is built off site and moved in upon completion of site and utility work
 Portable classroom, a temporary building installed on the grounds of a school to provide additional classroom space where there is a shortage of capacity
 Portable toilet, a modern, portable, self-contained outhouse manufactured of moulded plastic

In computing:
 Portable object (computing), a distributed computing term for an object which can be accessed through a normal method call while possibly residing in memory on another computer
 Portable software, software that can easily be ported to multiple platforms
 Portable applications, applications that do not require any kind of installation onto a computer, and can store data in the program's directory

In electronics:
 Portable communications device, a wearable or handheld device
 Portable audio player, a personal electronic device that allows the user to listen to recorded or broadcast audio whilst being mobile
 Portable computer, a computer that is designed to be moved from one place to another
 Compaq Portable series (1982–?)
 Apricot Portable (1984)
 IBM Portable (1984)
 Macintosh Portable (1989–1991) from Apple Computer
 Handheld game console, a lightweight, portable electronic machine for playing video games

In music:
 Portable Life, a 1999 album by Danielle Brisebois

Related pages 
 Portability
A kingdom is a country with a king or queen. The type of government is a monarchy. 

For example, the United Kingdom has a queen as head of state.

Monarchy
Protestantism is a form of Christian faith and practice. It began in northern Europe in the early 16th century. At that time, they were against some parts of Roman Catholicism. Together with Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism, Protestantism became one of the three greatest forces in Christianity. Protestantism much influenced the culture, beliefs, and economy of the place it became important in.

The word Protestantism had its origin when German princes and free cities at the Diet of Speyer (1529), petitioned or "protested" against the imperial ban adopted by the Diet against Martin Luther and its stance against the Reformation. Lutherans in Germany began using it. Swiss and French more often used Reformed. The Anglicans use Catholic, Reformed and Protestant, however the Anglican Church is not always regarded as part of Protestantism because it kept most of the doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church from which it separated.

Martin Luther, a doctor of theology and a monk, said that the church should return to its roots, and give more weight to what is written in the Bible (Sola scriptura). Luther thought that the Church had gone too far away from the original teachings. He published 95 theses on the way the Catholic Church was then. Some say, he stuck them onto the door of the church of Wittenberg, but others say this is not true. The 95 theses were published in 1516 or 1517. With the theses, he started the Protestant Reformation.

Protestant churches with a big following are:
 Lutheran Church
 Calvinist Church
 Baptists
 Pentecostals
Often but not always:
 Anglican Church: Henry VIII split from the Roman Catholic Church. He wanted to divorce from Catherine of Aragon, but the Pope refused to divorce him. King Henry started the Church of England. It is sometimes seen as being the middle way, between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism, and that is why is often excluded from Protestantism. This is because, in the English Reformation, the English Church kept the early Catholic ministry of bishops, priests, and deacons, as well as most of the doctrine and liturgy. The critical point which led to the Anglican Church was the outright rejection of the Pope, and so of the Roman Catholic Church as an organisation.

References

Other websites
Arles is a city in the south of France. It was built in the 6th century BC by the Greeks. Today more than 50,000 people live there. In the 1880s, the famous painters, Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin lived there. Vincent van Gogh painted his famous Sunflowers in Arles.

The city is at the heart of the Camargue. Not many people live in this region, so there is a lot of free land around Arles. Because of this, Arles is the city in France to have the largest area (nearly 760 square kilometres).

 
Subprefectures in France
A certificate is a document for authentication of something. It may be an award that can be given to people. The certificate can be given to people for graduation, for good working skills, or to thank someone who has done good things. They are usually tied to an occupation, technology, or industry. Certifications are usually offered by a professional organization or a company that specializes in a particular field or technology. A certification demonstrates that the person have a specific skill or level of knowledge, ultimately showing an employer that person know what need to do to successfully peform a job. Other items, such as patches, badges, lapel pins, watches, and medals can also come with the certificate.

Many other kinds exist. A certificate of authenticity says a thing is real. For example, it can say that a painting was made at a particular time by a particular artist and is not a forgery. A certificate of occupancy says a building is fit for use. A certificate of deposit says someone has money in a bank. A birth certificate is one of the kinds of vital record.

References
The Daily Mail is a large, well-known newspaper. It started in 1896. It is published every weekday and Saturday from a factory in London, England. It is not printed on Sundays. Its sister paper, the Mail on Sunday, is printed instead.

It is the second-most sold newspaper in the United Kingdom. It sells more than a million copies a day. Its political opinion is right-wing, and it supports the Conservative Party in elections. The newspaper is available in many countries outside the United Kingdom, such as Egypt and the US. There is a different Scottish edition of the newspaper, which is sold in Scotland only and differs mainly in the Sport pages. There is also an Irish version of the newspaper, but the main international version is the English one.

It is the principal publication of the Daily Mail and General Trust, but the company also prints the Evening Standard, London Lite and Metro newspapers in the UK.

People are often critical of The Daily Mail, because a lot of people think it's racist and sexist.

The Daily Mail was first published by Lord Northclife in 1896. It started as a broadsheet. It is now a tabloid.

References

Other websites 
 Official site

1896 establishments in the United Kingdom
Newspapers published in the United Kingdom
The Rhine River (, , ) is  long. The Rhine is the second longest river in Europe. Its name comes from the Celtic word "renos", which means 'raging flow'.

The Rhine is an important waterway.  can be used by ships, and boats can go to the Black Sea using the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal. Many goods are transported over the Rhine, and the Rhine valley is also an important wine producing region. The river Rhine begins at Tomasee, a lake in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland, and runs through Switzerland, Germany and the Netherlands. It is the border between Switzerland and Liechtenstein and also the border between Germany and France. It is also the border between Switzerland and Austria. It is also the border between the Netherlands and Germany. It is the border between France and Switzerland. It runs through Basel, Bonn, Cologne and Duisburg. It also separates the cities of Mainz and Wiesbaden. The Rhine has 50 species of fish. The Rhine is one of the longest and most important river in Europe.

Geography 
The river runs through only one lake on its way, Lake Constance, which is on the border of Switzerland, Germany and Austria.

The middle Rhine has many castles.  Robber barons used some of them during the 15th–18th centuries.  When the Industrial Revolution hit Europe, factories set up along its banks and emptied their waste into the River.  The Salmon left and other fish became rare.  After World War II, the Rhine Action Programme was set up to boost the Rhine's wildlife and reduce the pollution there.

Together with the Danube it formed most of the northern frontier of the Roman Empire.

List of features

Cities near the Rhine 
These are large cities that are found near the Rhine:

Switzerland:

 Basel

France:

 Strasbourg

Germany:

 Karlsruhe
 Mannheim
 Ludwigshafen
 Wiesbaden
 Mainz
 Koblenz
 Bonn
 Cologne
 Leverkusen
 Neuss
 Düsseldorf
 Krefeld (Uerdingen)
 Duisburg

Netherlands:

 Arnhem (Nederrijn)
 Nijmegen (Waal)
 Utrecht (Kromme Rijn)
 Rotterdam (Nieuwe Maas)

Smaller cities that are found near the Rhine:

Switzerland

 Chur
 Kreuzlingen
 Schaffhausen

Liechtenstein:

 Vaduz

Germany:

 Konstanz
 Breisach
 Speyer
 Worms
 Bingen am Rhein
 Rüdesheim am Rhein
 Neuwied
 Andernach
 Bad Honnef
 Königswinter
 Niederkassel
 Wesseling
 Dormagen
 Zons
 Monheim am Rhein
 Wesel
 Xanten
 Emmerich am Rhein

Netherlands:

 Zutphen (IJssel)
 Deventer (IJssel)
 Zwolle (IJssel)
 Kampen (IJssel)
 Leiden (Oude Rijn)
 Dordrecht (Merwede)
 Wageningen (Nederrijn)
 Woerden (Oude Rijn)
 Wijk bij Duurstede (Neder Rijn / Kromme Rijn / Lek)
 Alphen aan den Rijn (Oude Rijn)

References

Geography of Baden-Württemberg
Geography of North Rhine-Westphalia
Geography of Rhineland-Palatinate
Rivers of Austria
Rivers of France
Rivers of Germany
Rivers of Liechtenstein
Rivers of the Netherlands
Rivers of Switzerland
Vorarlberg
Grand Est
Gelderland
South Holland
Utrecht (province)
Sugar is the common name for a number of chemical substances, some of which have a sweet taste. Mostly, it refers to either sucrose, lactose, or fructose. Sugar is contained in certain kinds of food, or it is added to give a sweet taste.

Regular sugar extracted from sugarcane or sugar beet (the one commonly added to food) is called sucrose. Fructose is the sugar that is in fruits. As chemicals, sucrose and fructose are both made by two smaller sugars. Glucose is the more common of these smaller sugars. The human body changes regular sugar into the smaller sugars.

Sugars are a kind of carbohydrate. This is because sugars are made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates can be simple carbohydrates or complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates are made of only one or a few of the smallest sugars. Complex carbohydrates are made of many of the smallest sugars.

Starch is a chemical found in foods such as bread, crackers, and potatoes. It is a complex carbohydrate that is made from many glucose molecules. When starch is eaten, the human body breaks it apart into smaller sugars. An enzyme is added in the mouth, but it only begins to work in the stomach. Pure starch is actually tasteless in the mouth.

Brazil produces the most sugar per person and India's total consumption of sugar is the highest for a country.

There are other chemical substances that can be used to make a sweet taste, but that are not sugar. One of them, commonly called Stevia, is gained from a plant with the same name. Others, like aspartame, are completely synthetic. In general, these substances are known as artificial sweeteners, or sugar substitutes. People eat them to avoid health problems that sugar causes. 

Sugar can be different colours. For example, brown sugar has molasses in it, and is often used in baking.

There are 387 calories for 100 g of sugar.

Related pages
 monosaccharide
 glucose 
 fructose 
 disaccharides
 sucrose 
 lactose
 starch
 glycogen
 cellulose

References

Basic English 850 words
Carbohydrates
Chemical compounds
Sweeteners
Canterbury is a city in Kent, England. It is about  from London. It was made famous by a book called The Canterbury Tales. It is also famous for Canterbury Cathedral. Thomas Becket was assassinated by knights who came from Sandlings.

Transportation
There are two railway stations in the city; Canterbury East and Canterbury West. The A2 road passes near the city. It goes west to London and south-east to Dover.

Education
The city has an estimated 31,000 students. This is the highest student/permanent resident ratio in the UK. There are three universities, and several other higher education institutions and colleges. At the 2001 census, 22% of the population aged 16–74 were full-time students, compared with 7% throughout England. The three universities: the University of Kent, Canterbury Christ Church University, and the University for the Creative Arts.

Sports
The St Lawrence Ground is the home ground of Kent County Cricket Club. It has hosted several One Day Internationals, including one England match during the 1999 Cricket World Cup.

History 
The Canterbury area has been lived in since prehistoric times. Paleolithic stone axes, and Neolithic and Bronze Age pots have been found in the area. Canterbury was once the main settlement of the Celtic tribe of the Cantiaci, which lived in most of modern-day Kent. In the 1st century AD, the Romans captured the settlement and named it Durovernum Cantiacorum. The Romans rebuilt the city, with new streets in a grid pattern, a theatre, a temple, a forum, and public baths. Its position on Watling Street on route to the major Kentish ports of Rutupiae (now Richborough), Dubrae (now Dover), and Lemanae (now Lymne) made it important.

References
Anti-tank dogs were dogs with explosives placed on their backs. These dogs were trained to run under enemy tanks. The explosives were then remotely detonated in order to destroy the target tank.

These dogs were trained by the Soviet Union during World War II to be used against German armored vehicles. They were trained on Russian tanks, which used diesel fuel. In battle, the dogs often ran toward the smell of diesel fuel from the Soviet tanks instead of the intended German targets. 

The German Army soon learned about the dogs, so all Russian dogs were shot on sight by the Germans. Very few dogs remained in the Eastern Front as a result of this.

After the war better weapons against tanks were made. Therefore, it is unlikely that anti-tank dogs will ever be used again.

Military animals
Eyeglasses (U.S), or spectacles (Brit.), are pieces of glass or clear plastic, called lenses, in a frame that holds them in front of someone's eyes.

Corrective lenses let some people see or read better if they have problems seeing. If the someone is long-sighted (the light is focusses past the retina), they use a different type of glasses than someone who is short-sighted. Lenses can also correct Astigmatism. Contact lenses also help people see better.

Glasses can also protect the eyes. Goggles and safety glasses are strong and protect the eyes from flying objects. Sunglasses keep too much sunlight from getting in people's eyes. Some eyeglasses block blue light from a computer, game, smart phone and TV.

Eyeglasses have many models.  They be worn for fashion.

Related pages 
 Myopia (nearsightedness)
 Bifocals

References 

Eye
Optics
A second language is a language that a person learns in addition to their first language. A second language may be learned in a formal or informal way, such as at school or in a family. A person may speak two or more second languages. 

Adults do not learn languages the same way that children do. Learning a second language is difficult for adults, who rarely speak it as well as their native language because it is much easier for children to learn a second language.

Some children have native multilingualism and so speak several languages, such as by living in a foreign country or having a father speaking a different language from their mother.

Other websites
Asha

References 

Language
Francisco Javier Solana de Madariaga (born July 14, 1942 in Madrid) is a Spanish physicist, politician and diplomat.

He is the former Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and also the former European Union foreign policy chief. 

Solana was studying in both the United Kingdom and the United States before returning to Spain with Nicolás Cabrera, and becoming a Professor of solid state physics in the Complutense University. 

Having already joined the banned PSOE left-wing party in 1964, he became one of its leaders when it became legal in 1977. He became a Cabinet Minister, serving first as Minister for Culture and party spokesman, then Minister for Education, then Minister for Foreign Affairs, before being made NATO boss in December 1995, just as the Dayton agreement saw the IFOR NATO peacekeeping mission enter the former Yugoslavia. He was also involved in the Kosovo bombings, and the negotiations that led to an eventual peace.

In March 2020, Solana tested positive for COVID-19.

References

1942 births
Living people
Spanish diplomats
European Union politicians
Secretaries General of NATO
People from Madrid
Physicists
Spanish politicians
Spanish scientists
A paragraph is a collection of words strung together to make a longer unit than a sentence. Several sentences often make to a paragraph. There are normally three to eight sentences in a paragraph. Paragraphs can start with a five-space indentation or by skipping a line and then starting over. This makes it simpler to tell when one paragraph ends and the next starts.

A topic phrase appears in most ordered types of writing, such as essays. This paragraph's topic sentence informs the reader about the topic of the paragraph. In most essays, numerous paragraphs make statements to support a thesis statement, which is the essay's fundamental point.

Paragraphs may signal when the writer changes topics. Each paragraph may have a number of sentences, depending on the topic.

A pilcrow mark (¶) is sometimes used to show where a paragraph begins.

Grammar
Typography
Writing
A parody is a special piece of art.

Parodies make fun of another piece of art by mocking it.

The parody is an imitation of the original, but exaggerating it, showing clichés which have been used, to make the original look ridiculous or to make a comment about an issue affecting society.

For example, in a serious Western movie, the good guys always seem to shoot better and faster than the bad guys. In a Western parody, this might be exaggerated by showing a good guy firing a single shot, and a dozen of the bad guys falling from their horses as a result.

Mel Brooks is a director who has made many movies which are parodies:

 Blazing Saddles is a parody of Western movies in general,
 Spaceballs is a parody of the Star Wars movies, and science fiction in general,
 Men in Tights is a parody of Robin Hood movies,

The website Uncyclopedia is also a parody of Wikipedia.

Parodies can be anything from songs to poems to books to movies.

Newspaper columnists are well known for their strip cartoons which can very often parody public opinion on major issues affecting society, such as the recent credit crunch.

Related pages 
 Irony
 Satire
 Parody mass
A fact is a statement that is real or true, or a thing that can be shown to be real or true. That is its core meaning, though the word has a long history, and has been used in many ways. 

A fact is something that has really happened or is actually the case. The usual test for a statement of fact is whether it can be shown to be true. Standard reference works are often used to check facts. Scientific facts are verified by careful observation or measurement (by experiments or other means).

Facts as statements 
A fact is a statement (a claim) about something that is true. A fact can answer questions like, "what color is it?" or "who made that?"

An opinion is different from a fact. But you can say facts about a person's opinion. For example, someone can ask a question like "What is Alice's opinion about the book?" You can answer this question with a fact, for example "Alice said she likes the book." Then it is a fact that Alice says she likes the book. But maybe Alice does not like the book. So it not a fact that Alice likes the book, but it is a fact that Alice says she likes the book.

One way to learn a fact is if a person can help you see it. For example, if you ask, "do you have my book?" To answer this question, a person can let you see your book. Then you can know it is a fact that this person has your book.

Examples of fact statements 
These examples show that there are facts of different kinds.
 Your heart pumps blood through your body.
 The leaves of growing plants are usually green.
 Some people keep dogs as pets.
 1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram.
 There are 50 states in the United States.

False statements 
 Water always comes from the sky.
 Dogs are made of cheese.
 All people read books.
 Cows live under water.

Scientific theories 

A scientific theory is knowledge of important facts about a natural thing. The facts in a scientific theory have evidence that shows that the fact is not false. 

A person who understands the scientific method can test to see if the facts of a scientific theory are correct. When statements have been tested and shown to be not false, they may be "true". The facts of each scientific theory have usually been questioned and tested by many people. Because of this, we know that the knowledge of a scientific theory is fact and not opinion. Examples of scientific theories include the theory of relativity and the theory of evolution. More simply, it is a fact that the Earth goes around the Sun (and not vice versa). This took so long to establish because a leading religious body had the reverse opinion (see articles on Galileo and Copernicus for the story). Now we can say that there is a difference between statements of fact, and opinions or claimed truths of religion. The difference is in the way disputes about the truth are decided.

References 

Basic English 850 words
Philosophy
A culprit is a person who commits a crime. If someone robs a person, the robber is the culprit, while the person who was robbed is the victim.

law
Shot put is an athletics sport where people try to "put" a heavy weighted ball as far as they can. They are not allowed to throw it, but instead they push the ball out into the air. They "put" the ball by holding it at their neck and pushing it through the air.  The shot put has been part of the Olympics since 1896. The weight of the ball can vary from 6 to 16 pounds (2.76 to 7.26 kg), depending on level age and gender of the participants. The main objective of the sport is to throw the ball as far as possible.

The Shot put is similar to the javelin. It is an official Olympic event and can be seen at the Olympic games. The athlete cannot wear gloves when they are participating. If wearing gloves, the athlete will be disqualified.

The shot put event was first seen in the Middle Ages, when they would throw cannonballs at their enemies.

It is an outdoor event and cannot be played inside. It is a track and field event.

Throwing technique 
There are two types of putting styles: glide and spin (rotation). The glide was invented in the US in the year 1876. The spin was also developed in the US. It was invented by Parry O'Brian and made famous by Brian Oldfield.

Rules 
The athlete must only use one hand and it must not drop below the shoulder or it could cause damage.
The athlete can be disqualified for leaving the circle before the shot hits the ground, or leaving the sector lines.
The athlete must not put a foot past the toe board, or it is a disqualification.
The athlete must not take longer than 60.00 seconds to take a shot.it is compulsory to put the shot in the given time.

History 
Shot put was originally used in the Olympics to see who was the strongest athlete. Each athlete threw from a wooden square, and could only stand to throw. The shot put was a large stone ball. That is now a metal not softer than brass.

Warm up

Under hand toss
Stand facing landing area. 
Hold shot in front of body with both hands. 
Bend knees and throw shot up and out, away from body, using an underhand toss.

Chest pass
Stand facing landing area. 
Hold shot with both hands with fingers behind shot. 
Push shot out like a basketball chest pass.

Record holders 

Cameron George, 23.12m United Kingdom 2013
Natalya Lisovskaya, 22.63m RUS 1987
Mark Robinson, 24.60m USA 2009

Events in athletics
Magic can mean:

Magic (illusion), tricks that fool people into thinking they see something they really did not see
"Magic" (Pilot song), a song by the Scottish band Pilot
Apotropaic magic, protection against harmful influences
Black magic
Magic: The Gathering, a collectible card game
Witchcraft, the action of using magic powers.
Hitchhiking is a way to end travel from place to place in someone else's car or lorry. Usually, a hitchhiker (a person who hitchhikes) will stand at the side of a road and hold his or her thumb in the air waiting for a passerby to come and pick her or him up. This is a sign that he or she wants to go somewhere else.

It was a very common way of traveling in Europe in the 1970s until people started to go missing. It is common for people to encounter rapists or lunatics while hitchiking, it is not always clear when being picked up if a person is dangerous, and this make it very dangerous and has made it less popular.

Because of this, hitchhiking is illegal or restricted in many country’s and states of America.

Other websites 

 The Hitchhiker's Guide to Hitchhiking - a wiki project to collect information about hitchhiking
 Anhalterfreunde - Information all about hitchhiking (English and German language)
 Liftershalte.info  - a worldmap with hitching places.
 hitchbase.com - Database with hitchhing places
 Abgefahren e.V. - the first German Autostop Society; ideas, tips, projects,..

Transport
International Women's Day is celebrated every year on March 8.  International Women's Day has been observed since 1909 in the United States.  After a while the people of United States stopped celebrating this holiday. In the 1920s Soviet Union, and then some other Communist countries like China and Cuba, started celebrating this day as a holiday for women and world peace. Since then the holiday has become more and more popular around the world.

In many places, the day does not have a political aspect, and is simply a time for men to express their love for women. It is similar to a mixture of Mother's Day and Valentine's Day. Men present their mothers, wives, girlfriends, colleagues, etc. with flowers and small gifts. In some countries International Women's Day is observed like Mother's Day, where children give small gifts to their mothers and grandmothers. In some countries, women get a half day off work. Often, schools will have a celebration where students will honor their teachers.

In 1975, the United Nations also started to recognize this holiday for women's rights. The UN chooses a political or social theme for the holiday each year.  For example, the 2011 theme was ""Equal access to education, training and science and technology: Pathway to decent work for women." and the 2012 theme is "Women in leadership: Achieving an equal future in a COVID-19 world". In this way, the holiday is a time to look at the social and economic problems women have around the world.

International Women's Day is now an official holiday in Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, China, Cuba, Ecuador, Georgia, Italy, Israel, Laos, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.

Other websites

Other page 
Women's History Month

Observances
Human rights
May 1 is known in many countries as May Day or International Labor Day for human rights of workers. This day is a holiday in most countries, including UK,China, Cuba, Czech republic, France, Russia, Brazil, Austria, Germany, Serbia, Hungary, North Macedonia, Romania, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kenya, Slovenia, Slovakia, Norway, Sweden, Turkey, Portugal, Bulgaria, Vietnam and Argentina.

Holidays
May events
Beirut is the capital of Lebanon. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities of the world. It is on a hilly promontory on the eastern Mediterranean surrounded to the east by the snow-capped mountains of Lebanon. Before the civil war it was a cultural center of the Arab World, a major international financial, banking and media center and was called the Switzerland of the Middle East. It was called the Paris of the Middle East.

Gallery

References

 Linda Jones Hall, Roman Berytus: Beirut in Late Antiquity, 2004.
 Samir Kassir, Histoire de Beyrouth, Fayard 2003.
 Richard Talbert, Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, (), p. 69.

Other websites 

 Official website of Beirut 
 Downtown Beirut
 Discover Lebanon - Beirut photos and images, virtual tour, Allenby street, parliament, museum

Phoenicia
Nancy Ajram or Nancy Agram (, born May 16, 1983) is a popular Arab singer from Lebanon. Her musical videos, directed by Nadine Labaki, also Lebanese, revolutionized the Arab music industry.

She had quite a normal childhood with her small family that consisted of her parents, her sister and brother and herself. But when Nancy Ajram was 12, she participated in a television program called "Nojoum Al Mostakbal" (which means "Stars of the Future") and actually won first prize. Soon after, Ajram began studying music under the supervision of some of the finest teachers in her country. When she turned 18, she joined the Syndicate of Professional Artists in Lebanon - after they made an exception because of her age. 

Her first album; Mehtagalak, was released in 1998 and marked her first official step in the world of show business. But, it took the young singer another 3 years to launch her second album Shil Eyounak Aney in 2001. Then her true hit came with her third album Ya Salam in 2003. The singer stressed the success of the album by shooting four of its songs; Akhasmak Ah, Ya Salam, Yay - Sehr Eyounoh and Nasseto Gar7o in the form of video clips. The clips were a tremendous hit and gained popularity in such a short time and gave the singer incredible fame in the Arab world. 

Her most popular album is Ah we Nos which was released in 2004. Nancy shot again four video clips for this Album. Ah w Noss, Lawn Oyounak, Oul Tani Eih and Enta Eih.

As for other activities besides singing, the Lebanese diva has agreed to be the spokesperson for the international soft drink company Coca-Cola. After signing the contract with Nancy Ajram, Coca-Cola sold much more drinks in the Arab world.

Other websites 
 Official website
 Second Official website 
 Nancy Ajram Zone
 Nancy Ajram VideoClips 
 Popular FanPage 
 Listen to all Nancy ajram songs 

1983 births
Living people
Lebanese Christians
Lebanese singers
Fairuz (born Nouhad Haddad (, November 21, 1935) is a Lebanese singer. She is a living legend who has been performing for over 50 years all over the world. Her vocal range is contralto. Her first album was released in 1952. She has released 98 more albums since then.

Fairuz was born Nuhad Haddad in 1933 in Beirut, Lebanon. 

1935 births
Living people
Lebanese Christians
Lebanese singers
A sword is a hand-held weapon made for cutting.  It is often made of metal. It has a long blade, and a handle called a hilt.  Often there is some form of hand protection, such as a cross-guard or a basket. It can be used either for cutting, slashing or stabbing, depending on the type of sword.

Swords were first created from bronze by blacksmiths in Ancient Egypt in 1150 BCE. Soon other cultures adopted them, and they began to spread quite quickly. Before guns were invented, swords were much more common as a weapon. After the invention of the gun, swords remained as sidearms, as secondary weapons used in man-to-man fight once the battle lines had contacted after shooting. Since after the American Civil War, swords have not been used as much by armies, except as a ceremonial part of uniforms. Some guns, however, have bayonets to perform the same function.

Today, Sport fencing, is an Olympic games sport which uses very light swords and a strict scoring system. Western Martial Arts use swords that are much closer to the original blades, such as longswords, rapiers and sabres. The blades used are blunt, but they are much heavier than a sport fencing sword, which means the fencers need much more armour. Likewise, the Japanese sport kendo is swordplay in armour with two-handed bamboo swords called shinai.

Types of swords

There are many kinds of swords.  One kind of sword is a sabre (or saber). A sabre is a curved, light sword, sharpened on one side and at the tip, and was generally used on horseback.  A broadsword is a straight sword that is sharp on both sides and at the tip. A rapier is long and thin, with a basket protecting the hand. Another type of sword is a foil, used in sport fencing, and is long and thin, with a button at the tip to protect the fencers from injury. Larger swords, such as Longswords or claymores are used with two hands. In Eastern martial Arts, swords like the Katana are used. A Katana has one sharp edge and a small guard near the handle. Some Katanas are used with one hand, while other larger versions are used with two hands.

Famous swords
The sword of King Arthur, Excalibur, is one of the most famous swords, although it is suspected it is legendary and does not exist.

In a Vietnamese legend, the Dragon King gives a sword called Heaven's Will to Emperor Lê Lợi so he can free Vietnam from the Chinese.

The Frisian freedom fighters Pier Gerlofs Donia and Wijerd Jelckama are known to have wielded swords of great size. Donias sword was a long as 210 cm (seven feet) and weighed 7 kg (15 lbs). The swords are kept in the Frisian Museum in Leeuwarden.

References
Canaan was an ancient country in the Levant. In the Bible, it was the land promised to Abraham and his children by God. The Canaanite people lived in this area from about 2000 BCE until the time of the Bible. It covers part of the area that is now Israel, Palestine, Syria and Lebanon.

Ancient Israel and Judah
Former countries in the Middle East
History of Jordan
History of Lebanon
History of Syria
Prophets are people who said that God or gods talked to them. They freely teach other people what they learned. Most of them warn people that something very good will happen if they change their lives.

There are prophets in Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Mormonism, Sanamahism, Zoroastrianism, and in other religions. 

For the main Abrahamic religions, there are two kinds of prophets, major and minor. Major prophets gave a lot of teachings while minor just re-teach things other prophets taught or they do not have many teachings.

Related pages
 Nevi'im
Isaiah
John the Baptist
 Oracle
 Prophecy
 Prophets of Islam

Theology
Mount Cotopaxi is a volcano in Ecuador. The mountain's altitude (height) is . That is high enough for snow to fall on it, even though it is near the equator (a very warm part of the world). If the volcano erupted, it would be very bad for the people living around it because of the destruction and damage it could cause.

Cotopaxi began showing new activity. As of 25 June 2015, it was under active watch by the National Polytechnic School Geophysics Institute.

The Geophysics Institute at the National Polytechnic School in Quito houses an international team of seismologists and volcanologists whose responsibility is to monitor Ecuadors numerous active volcanoes
and the constant seismic activity in the Andean Volcanic Belt and the Galapagos Islands.

References 

Andes
Volcanoes of Ecuador
Mountains of Ecuador
Bali () is an island and a province in Indonesia. The province includes the island of Bali and a few other islands. About 4,300,00 people live in Bali. Bali's most important city is Denpasar. Hinduism is Bali's largest religion. More than 90% of its people are Hindus. Textiles and garments are 45% of their exports. The currency in Bali is the Indonesian rupiah (IDR). The literacy rate for Bali is 45.55%.

Tourism 

Bali is a popular place for tourists. They have many historic temples and rice fields. Bali has great views and beautiful beaches  and volcanoes. Hindu ceremonies, shadow puppet shows, and traditional dance are also very popular. 

 Sekumpul Waterfall: This Balinese waterfall is in north of Bali.
 Tegallang Rice Terrace: These rice paddies are near Ubud. 
 Pura Luhur Uluwatu Temple: This temple is on the deep cliff on the Indian Ocean coast. 
 Kuta Beach: Kuta is one of the most popular beaches in Bali.

Geography 
Bali is a volcanic island. The two main volcanos are Mount Agung and Mount Batur. Mount Agung is sacred to the Balinese people.

Mount Agung is an active volcano, with a deep, large crater. Sometimes smoke and ash comes out of the crater. The last major eruptions occurred in November 2017.

References
The Flag of China has one big star and four small stars on a red background. The big star stands for the communist government, and the four small stars stand for the workers, peasants, middle-class citizens and soldiers. The red background stands for the blood lost while the history of China was made.

China
People's Republic of China
The Prince is a book written by Niccolò Machiavelli, who lived in the city of Florence in the country of Italy. The book was published in 1513. 

The book talks about politics and government. During his life, Machiavelli saw many changes in the government of Florence. He thought a lot about what a king or prince should do to make a strong government. In the book, he said the ruler had to get a lot of power. 

One of the things he said that made people worried, was that ethics and politics are different. A person might have to do things that are wrong to get power. This thought made his works scandalous.

Some people think that Machiavelli was being honest with his advice and saying what he really thought. Other people think that Machiavelli was playing a joke on princes who wanted too much power and did not care about what was right.

Other websites 
 Il Principe (HTML e-book)
 The Prince Book  Read the book online or download for free. Suitable for e-readers

Works of philosophy
Round or rounds may refer to:

Mathematics and science
 The contour of a closed curve or surface with no sharp corners, such as an ellipse, circle, rounded rectangle, or sphere
 Rounding, the shortening of a number to reduce the number of significant figures it contains
 Round number, a number that ends with one or more zeroes
 Roundness (geology), the smoothness of clastic particles

Music
 Round (music), a type of musical composition
 Rounds (album), a 2003 album by Four Tet

Places
 Round Point, a point on the north coast of King George Island, South Shetland Islands
 Grand Rounds Scenic Byway, a parkway system in Minneapolis 
 Rounds Mountain, a peak in the Taconic Mountains, United States
 Round Mountain (disambiguation), several places

Repeated activities
 Round (boxing), a time period within a boxing match
 Grand rounds, a ritual in  medical education and inpatient care
 Round of drinks, a traditional method of paying in a drinking establishment
 Funding round, a discrete round of investment in a business
 Doing the rounds or patrol, moving through an area at regular intervals
 Round (Theosophy), a planetary cycle of reincarnation in Theosophy

Other 
 Round (surname)
 Rounds (surname)
 Roundedness, rounding of lips when pronouncing vowels
 Labialization, rounding of lips when pronouncing consonants
 Round shot
 Cartridge (firearms), a single unit of ammunition
 Round steak, a cut of meat

Related pages
 
 

Basic English 850 words
Events 
 Roman (Byzantine) Emperor Anastasius I ends a period of moderate ecclestical policy, and starts strongly favoring his own monophysitist beliefs.
 Flavian II, Patriarch of Antioch, is deposed and replaced with Severus.
 The island nation of Usan-guk is conquered by the Korean Silla Dynasty general Lee Sabu.
 Earliest known dated text in the Arabic alphabet, at Zebed in Syria

Births 
 Saint David
United Russia (Russian: Единая Россия) is a Russian political party, which usually labels itself centrist and conservationist. Dmitry Medvedev is leader of this party.

The party has most of the seats in the State Duma and in the Regional Parliaments. Because of this, United Russia is the most powerful political party in Russia. Two large parties merged in 2001 to form United Russia.

Political parties in Russia
A leopard (Panthera pardus) is a big feline of the genus Panthera. It lives in Africa and Asia.

Unlike lions, it does not live in groups. The adult males live separately, and the females live only with their cubs. Leopards live in habitats where there are some trees. They climb trees well, and do so regularly. They can carry prey up a tree and keep it safe from hyaenas and lions. Trees are its main escape from attacks by lions or packs of dogs. It is an ambush predator, and operates best where it has some cover.

The most similar cat in its lifestyle is the jaguar, which lives in Central and South America.

Appearance 
Leopards generally have yellow fur with dark rosettes and spots, and a lighter colored underside. But there can be a lot of differences in the different leopard subspecies. There are also often leopards who are completely black, those are also called black panthers. Male leopards are about 30% larger than female leopards.

Habitat 
Originally the leopard lived in all of Africa (but not in the Sahara) and southern Asia. But today many leopard subspecies, especially in Asia, are endangered. Leopards live in a lot of different environments: rainforests, forests, mountains and savannas.

Life style 
The leopard is mostly active at night. It is basically an ambush hunter. It can climb very well, and it stays up in trees a lot of its time. Leopards usually live alone and try not to meet another leopard. They only come together to mate. Young leopards leave their mothers after 13 – 18 months.

Hunting and diet 
Leopards hunt at different times, and they also use different methods for hunting. Most often leopards will secretly move towards their prey and attack it when they are close, or hide and wait for it to come close.

Leopards are versatile, opportunistic hunters, and have a very wide diet. Leopards are carnivores.Leopards are apex predators. They prey on antelope, zebras, warthogs, buffalo, wildebeest, wild boar and deer, but they also prey on rodents, hares, fish, birds, snakes, lizards, turtles, monkeys and even jackals. Leopards are the only natural predators of adult chimpanzees and gorillas, though probably not the large male silverback gorillas. Leopards do not usually eat humans, but sometimes leopards that are hurt or sick can eat people when they do not have enough to eat. A leopard in India is believed to have eaten more than 125 people.

Subspecies 
There are nine subspecies of leopards recognized today, one in Africa and eight in Asia. They are:

 African leopard P.p pardus
 Amur leopard P.p orientalis
 Arabian leopard P.p nimr
 Indian leopard P.p fusca
 Indo Chinese leopard P.p delacouri
 Javan leopard P.p melas
 North Chinese leopard P.p japonensis
 Persian leopard P.p saxicolor
 Sri Lankan leopard P.p kotiya

References 

Panthera
Mammals of Africa
Mammals of Asia
The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a big cat (feline) which lives in South America and Central America.

The jaguar is the third-largest feline after the tiger and the lion. It is also the largest and most powerful feline in the Western Hemisphere.

Because of its spots, jaguars look like leopards, though it is usually larger and stronger, and its behavior is more like that of a tiger. It likes to stay near water, and like the tiger, it is famous for being a big cat that enjoys swimming. It usually hunts alone.

The jaguar has a very powerful strong bite, even compared to other big cats. Because of its strong bite, jaguars can bite through armoured reptiles like caimans, crocodiles, turtles and tortoises. Jaguars kill their prey in an unusual way: they bite directly through the skull between the ears and into the brain.

Appearance 
Jaguars have yellow or sometimes yellow-orange fur with brown and black rosettes and spots. They are big and heavy and also have very strong muscles which makes them really powerful.They cannot climb well, but they can swim.

Sometimes there are jaguars who are completely black, but if you look closely you can still see the spots. They are called "black panther" or just "panther".
This is a 'colour morph' of the same species, a kind of polymorphism.

Habitat 
Jaguars live in South America and Central America. They mostly live in rainforests, but also in savannas, swamps, grasslands, forest, deserts and open areas.

Life 
Jaguars are not specialized with their food, but eat almost anything they get: big and small mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and livestock. It is an ambush predator. When hunting, they usually try to secretly get very close to the prey, and then the jaguar suddenly jumps at it and throws it down. The jaguar bites the skull of its prey to kill it. It then takes the prey to a safe place and eats it.

After a pregnancy of about 100 days the female gives birth to usually 1 - 4 babies. The young leave their family after 1–2 years, and they become mature at about 3 years. Jaguars can live up to 10–12 years old in freedom, but in captivity (such as in zoos) they can live to 20–22 years old.

References

Other websites 

 BBC videos on Jaguars 

Panthera
Mammals of South America
Events 
 Whiskey Rebellion

Births 
 February 21 – Antonio López de Santa Anna