cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Charleston is a city in Berkeley and Charleston counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is the biggest city and is the county seat of Charleston County. As of 2010, the urban population is about 548,404.

Charleston was the capital of South Carolina until 1786 when Columbia became capital.

Surrounding cities and towns 
There are many suburbs in the metropolitan area:
 Town of Awendaw
 City of Folly Beach
 City of Hanahan
 City of Isle of Palms
 Town of James Island
 Town of Mount Pleasant
 City of North Charleston
 Town of St. George
 Town of Rockville
 Town of Meggett
 Town of Sullivan's Island
 Town of Summerville
 City of Goose Creek
 Town of Moncks Corner
 Town of Hollywood
 Town of Jamestown
 Town of Ridgeville
 Town of McClellanville
 Town of St. Stephen
 Town of Bonneau

Other unincorporated areas 
 Johns Island
 Wadmalaw Island
 Morris Island
 St. Stephen
 Dewee's Island
 Yonges Island

Neighborhoods in the City 
There are many neighborhoods in the city of Charleston:

Peninsula / Downtown neighborhoods & districts 

 Ansonborough
 Central Business District
 Cannonborough
 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial District
 Eastside
 Elliotborough
 French Quarter

 Four Mile-Hibernian
 Harleston Village
 Hampton Park Terrace
 Mazyck-Wraggsborough
 Medical District
 North Central

 Radcliffeborough
 Rosemont
 Silver Hill-Magnolia
 South of Broad
 Westside
 Wagener Terrace

West Ashley neighborhoods 

 Air Harbor
 Albemarle Point
 Ardmore
 Ashley Hall Manor
 Ashley Hall Plantation
 Ashley Harbor
 Ashleyville
 Avondale
 Byrnes Downs
 Canterbury Woods
 Capri Isle
 Carolina Bay
 Charlestowne Estates
 Castlewood Townhouses
 Drayton on the Ashley
 Forest Park
 Grand Oaks Plantation

 Harrison Acres
 Heathwood
 Hickory Farms
 Hickory Hill
 Hunt Club
 Indigo Point
 Lenevar
 MacLaura Hall 
 Oak Forest
 Old Towne Acres
 Orleans Woods
 Maryville
 Melrose
 Moreland
 Northbridge Terrace
 Orange Grove Estates
 Orange Grove Shores

 Parkshore
 Ponderosa
 Providence Commons
 Saint Andrews
 Shadowmoss Plantation
 Schieveling Plantation
 Sherwood Forest
 South Windermere
 Springfield
 Stono Park
 Sylvan Shores
 The Crescent
 Village Green
 Wappoo Heights
 Wespanee Plantation
 Windermere

James Island neighborhoods 

 Bayview Farms
 Charleston Country Club
 Clearview
 Harbor Point
 Harbor Woods
 Landsdowne
 Lawton Bluff
 Parrot Creek
 Riverland Terrace

 Stiles Point Plantation
 Terrabrook
 White House Plantation
 Riverfront
 Secessionville
 Sol Legare
 Westchester
 Woodward Pointe

Johns Island neighborhoods 
 Gift Plantation
 Grimball Gates
 Headquarters Island
 Headquarters Plantation
 The Gardens at Whitney Lake
 Twelve Oaks at Fenwick Hall Plantation
 The Villages in St. Johns Woods
 The Cottages at Johns Island
 Winnsboro Lakes

Cainhoy Peninsula / Daniel Island neighborhoods 

 Barfield Park
 Beresford Creek Landing
 Beresford Hall
 Cainhoy Historic District
 Cainhoy Industrial District
 Center Park
 Cochran Park
 Codner's Ferry Park

 Downtown Daniel Island
 Etiwan Park
 Pierce Park
 River Reach Pointe
 Smythe Park
 The Peninsula

References 

 
South Carolina
County seats in South Carolina
Francesco Hayez (February 10, 1791, Venice – December 21, 1882, Milan) was the main artist of Romanticism in mid-19th-century in Milan.

Notable works include:

Petro Rosso Imprisoned by the Scaligeri (c. 1820) 
A series on the Sicilian Vespers (1821-1846)
Destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem (c. 1867)
Portrait of Marin Faliero (1867)
Vase of flowers on the window of a harem (c. 1881) 
The Kiss (1859) - Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan

Gallery

Related pages
 List of Italian painters

Other websites
  Historical Romanticism in Italian Painting - Francesco Hayez The Risorgimento in Italian Art

1791 births
1882 deaths
Italian painters
People from Venice
John William Waterhouse (6 April 1849 – 10 February 1917) was an English painter in the Pre-Raphaelite style. He worked after the breakup of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and so was called "the modern Pre-Raphaelite". He was also influenced by his contemporaries, the Impressionists. His artworks were known for their depictions of women from both ancient Greek mythology and Arthurian legend.

Born in Italy to English parents who were both painters, he later moved to London, where he enrolled in the Royal Academy of Art. He soon began exhibiting at their annual summer exhibitions, focusing on the creation of large canvas works depicting scenes from the daily life and mythology of ancient Greece. Later on in his career he came to embrace the Pre-Raphaelite style of painting despite the fact that it had gone out of fashion in the British art scene several decades before. 

Although not as well known as earlier Pre-Raphaelite artists such as Dante Rossetti, John Millais and William Holman Hunt, Waterhouse's work is currently displayed at several major British art galleries, and the Royal Academy of Art organised a major retrospective of his work in 2009.

References 

1849 births
1917 deaths

English painters
Artists from London
People from Rome
Royal Academicians
Toontown is a common name for a fictional human-like city or town where cartoon characters, known as Toons, live.

Who Framed Roger Rabbit
In the 1988 movie Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Toontown is a cartoonish city near Los Angeles.

Related pages
Toontown Online

Disney
The Semantic Web is a project of the W3C that uses metadata, to write specific details related to a subject, to let computers better process the information on the internet. This plan, for saving additional semantic details, would make computers able to do more of the work involved in finding, sharing and combining information on the internet.

The Semantic Web is an idea of the inventor of the World Wide Web, Tim Berners Lee. He has wanted to make the web more intuitive about how to meet a user's needs. The semantics of information and services is defined in Web Ontology Language (OWL) and RDF Schemas. These are used to give a formal description of concepts, terms, and relationships within a given area of knowledge.

Tim Berners-Lee's idea was as follows:

Markup 
The World Wide Web is based on HTML documents. The semantic web involves using Resource description Framework (RDF) that has data that computers use. The layout used in HTML will be stored separately such as in a CSS file. RDF and OWL can either supplement or replace the content of web documents (XHTML).

In this way, a machine can use the knowledge itself. By using the information in ways similar to human reasoning, it can create more meaningful results.

References

Internet
Adams County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. There were 18,643 people living in Adams County as of the year 2000. Its county seat is Friendship. The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has an area of 689 square miles.

Other counties 
Wood County – northwest
Portage County – northeast
Waushara County – east
Marquette County – east
Columbia County – southeast
Sauk County – southwest
Juneau County – west

Cities, villages and towns

Cities 
Adams
Wisconsin Dells (partial)

Villages 
Friendship

Towns

Unincorporated places 
Arkdale

References

Other websites 
Adams County official website
Adams County Chamber of Commerce

1853 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in Wisconsin
In aerodynamics, hypersonic speeds are speeds that are highly supersonic.  The word hypersonic came from a word used in the 1970s,  Mach 5, or 5 times the speed of sound.  Everything about the plane changes greatly when the airplane that is flying at those speeds reaches supersonic speeds.

Characteristics of Hypersonic Flow
Though the definition for hypersonic speeds is not very clear and is a subject of debate among scientists, they have come up with a possible definition.  A hypersonic flow may be characterized by certain things that can no longer be discounted in analysis. Some of these things include:

Thin Shock Layer
As the plane goes faster and mach numbers increase, the density behind the shock also goes up. This happens in concert with a decrease in volume behind the shock wave because of the conservation of mass theory. Because of this, the shock layer (the volume between the body and the shock wave) is thin at high mach numbers.

Entropy Layer
As a plane goes faster and mach numbers go up, the entropy change across the shock also goes up.  This results in a strong entropy gradient and highly vortical flow that mixes with the boundary layer.

Viscous Interaction
Some of the big kinetic energy found with flow at large mach numbers becomes internal energy in the fluid because of viscosity. The increase in internal energy makes the temperature go up. Because the pressure gradient normal to the flow within a boundary layer is zero, the increase of temperature through the boundary layer causes the density to fall. This causes the boundary layer over the body of the airplane to grow.  This, in turn, causes the temperature to go up.

Other websites
Note:May not be simple
NASA's Guide to Hypersonics

Fluid mechanics
A virtual private network, or VPN is a set of technologies which are used to link computers to create a private network. Another network is used to carry the data, which is encrypted. The carrier network will see the packets of data which it routes. To the users of the VPN, it will look like the computers were directly connected to each other.

The VPN model can guarantee the following:
 Confidentiality: The carrier network will route the data, but it will be unable to decrypt it.
 Sender authentication: People need to authenticate themselves, to be able to use the network.
 Message integrity: Messages transported across the network cannot be changed easily while they are in transport. When a message was changed, it is possible to detect this.

In a business context, VPNs are often used to connect different office locations, or to allow people working from outside the company network to access its resources. People can use their computer to connect to their work network and see work websites that cannot be seen on the normal internet.

Similarly, the encryption process allows VPNs to offer anonymity by hiding the user and making it very hard for anyone to track them. As a result, VPNs help make one's online activities on the web anonymous and undecipherable.

VPNs are often used to access websites that are blocked in some countries, like China. Many people also use a VPN to protect their internet activity while using public WiFi.

VPNs can also be used to connect corporate offices to the larger branch offices, also known as site-to-site VPN. This is because direct network connections are impractical between offices that are physically distant.
Common VPN protocols include OpenVPN, Cisco AnyConnect, and IPsec.

Common uses 
 Remote workers connecting to a company network (telecommuting)
 Connecting multiple company offices together over the Internet (site-to-site VPN)
 Connecting to one's own home network from a remote location
 Bypassing censorship or firewalls
 Downloading files or browsing the Web anonymously
 Securing communications on public WiFi

Related pages 
 Deep Web
 How to choose VPN?

References 

Internet
Shai Hulud is a hardcore punk band with progressive metal influences formed in Pompano Beach, Florida in 1995.

Band members

Current members
Matt Ian Mazzali - vocals (2007-present)
Matt Fox - guitar (1995-present)
Matthew Fletcher - bass (1998-present)
Andrew Gormley - drums (1999-2000, 2007-present)
Chad Kishick - guitar - (2008-present)

Past members
Damien Moyal - vocals (1995)
Chad Gilbert - vocals (1996-1998)
Geert Van Der Velde - vocals (1999-2004)
Eric Dellon - vocals (2005-2006)
Oliver Chapoy - guitar (1996-1998)
Matt Canning - guitar (2003-2004)
Ryan Burns - guitar (2005-2006)
Dave Silber - bass (1995-1999)
Jared Allen - bass (2000-2002)
Jason Lederman - drums (1995)
Steve Kleisath - drums (1996-1998)
Spikey Goldbach - drums (1999)
Chris Cardinal - drums (2000-2001)
Tony Tintari - drums (2002-2004)
Brian Go - drums (2005-2006)
Greg Thomas - guitar (2007-2008)

Albums 
1997: A Profound Hatred of Man
1997: Hearts Once Nourished with Hope and Compassion
1998: The Fall of Every Man
1999: A Whole New Level of Sickness
2000: Crush 'Em All Vol. 1
2003: That Within Blood Ill-Tempered
2005: A Comprehensive Retrospective: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Release Bad and Useless Recordings
2008: Misanthropy Pure''

References

American heavy metal bands
American punk bands
progressive metal bands
Metalcore bands
Musical groups from Florida
Lloyds TSB is one of world's largest banks. It is based on Gresham Street in the city of London and has business all over the world including the US, Europe, Middle East, Asia and Latin America.

In 2009 Lloyds TSB merged with HBOS (Halifax Bank of Scotland) to make Lloyds Banking Group, this now uses three brands on the high street, Lloyds TSB, Halifax and Bank of Scotland.

Other websites
Lloyds TSB web site

1765 establishments
Banks of England
Renaissance artists started in the late 14th century (~1370) and includes famous painters and sculptors.

Each artist is listed with their dates, place of birth, some places that they worked, their media (the type of artwork that they made), one or two most famous works and some art galleries where their works can be seen.

Renaissance artists: Italian

High Renaissance

Mannerism (Late Renaissance)

Renaissance artists: Northern Europe and Spain

Early Renaissance

Louvre, National Gallery, London;

Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
Metropolitan Museum, New York

1500s

References
 Diana Davies (editor), Harrap's Encyclopedia of Art and Artists, (1990), 
 Giorgio Vasari, Lives of the Artists, (1568), 1965 edition, trans George Bull, Penguin,  
 Frederick Hartt, A History of Italian Renaissance Art, (1970) Thames and Hudson,  
 Luciano Berti, Florence: the city and its art, (1971) Scala. 
 Luciano Berti, The Ufizzi, (1971) Scala, Florence. 

Artists

Lists of artists
The Rose Bowl Game is an American college football bowl game at the Rose Bowl (stadium) in Pasadena, California.  It is known as the "granddaddy of them all" because it has been played every year since 1916.  It is almost always played on January 1 after Pasadena's Rose Parade.  For many years, the two teams who played were the winner of the Pac-10 (a football conference of colleges on the West Coast) and the winner of the Big 10 (a football conference of collleges in the Midwest).  In 1998, the game became part of the Bowl Championship Series.  USC has won the game 24 times.

Results

* denotes BCS National Championship Game
** Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the 1942 game was moved to Duke University's Wallace Wade Stadium in Durham, North Carolina, as officials were wary of allowing such a large crowd to congregate anywhere on the West Coast due to World War II security concerns.

Related pages
Fiesta Bowl
Sugar Bowl
Orange Bowl
BCS National Championship Game

College football
Pasadena, California
1902 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in California
January events
Whitehall is a road in Westminster in London, England. It is the main street running north from Parliament Square, towards traditional Charing Cross, now at the southern end of Trafalgar Square and marked by the statue of Charles I, which is often regarded as the heart of London.

The name "Whitehall" is often used for governmental administration and as a geographic name for the district around it.

Whitehall was originally a wide road that ran up to the front of the palace. Trafalgar Square was built at its northern end in the early 19th century. The southernmost part by Parliament Square is named Parliament Street, but there is no longer any obvious difference between the two on the ground. Combined, the streets cover a total distance of about 0.6 mile (1 km).

Government buildings in Whitehall 
10 Downing Street
The Cabinet Office
The Foreign and Commonwealth Office
The Ministry of Defence
The Treasury
Department of Health
Department of Work and Pensions

Bibliography 
 George S Dugdale  1950.  Whitehall through the centuries, with black and white reproductions and plans. A foreword by Sir Edward Bridges.  Phoenix House, London.

Other websites 
Aerial photo and map
Whitehall in 1669, showing the Banqueting House and Holbein Gateway 
History of the Whitehall Theatre built on Whitehall in 1930

Gallery

Notes 

City of Westminster
Roads in London
Whitehall is a street in London. It may also refer to:

 A term used to describe the administrative centre of the UK government 
 Palace of Whitehall, the residence of English monarchs until it was destroyed in a fire in 1698
 Whitehall is also the seat of government of Trinidad and Tobago.
Whitehall Rowboat

Whitehall is also the name of several places.

In the United Kingdom:
Whitehall, Orkney (on Stronsay)

In Ireland:
Whitehall, Dublin

In the United States of America:

Whitehall, Arkansas (three places):
 in Lee County
 in Poinsett County 
 in Yell County 
Whitehall, Georgia 
Whitehall, Indiana 
Whitehall, Louisiana (two places):
 in La Salle Parish
 in Livingston Parish 
Whitehall, Michigan 
Whitehall, Montana 
Whitehall, New Jersey 
Whitehall, New York  (three places) 
 Village of Whitehall
 Town of Whitehall
Whitehall (Manhattan)
Whitehall, Ohio 
Whitehall, Pennsylvania (three places):
 in Adams County
 in Allegheny County 
 in Lehigh County
Whitehall Museum House in Middletown, Rhode Island 
Whitehall, South Carolina (four places):
 in Aiken County
 in Colleton County
 in Greenwood County
 in Lexington County
Whitehall, Texas
Whitehall, Virginia
Whitehall, West Virginia
Whitehall, Wisconsin

Related pages 
 White Hall
Dawlish Warren is a small seaside resort. It is near Dawlish on the south coast of Devon, England. It is at the mouth of the Exe Estuary, and has a beach, a National Nature Reserve spanning 505 acres (2 km²) and a golf course. There is also one of Europe's largest spits in Dawlish Warren measuring over 1.5miles long and 0.5miles wide. There is a fence running down the centre of the spit to prevent people from wandering and falling into any deep parts of the salt marshes that have accumulated on the inside of the spit.

Other websites 
 Dawlish Warren Nature Reserve
 Devon Online page for Dawlish Warren.1

References 

Villages in Devon
Joseba Sarrionandia Uribelarrea (born April 13th 1958 in Iurreta, Biscay, Basque Country) is a Basque writer. He has written many poetry books, short stories, and novels. In 1985, Sarrionandia escaped from prison after he was put in for being a member of the Basque armed group ETA. Since then, he has lived in secret but he still writes books. He is one of the best-known contemporary Basque writers.

Biography 
Sarrionandia studied the Basque language and earned a PhD in Basque Philology from the University of Deusto in Bilbao. He was a Basque language teacher and taught phonetics. His writings were published in a number of Basque magazines. He also translated books by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Konstantino Kavafis, T. S. Eliot and Fernando Pessoa into the Basque language.

In 1980 Sarrionandia was arrested by Spanish police for being a member of ETA. He was sentenced to 22 years in prison. In 1985 he escaped from prison with Iñaki Pikaea during a concert in the jail with Basque singer Imanol Larzabal. They hid themselves inside a loudspeaker. The Basque rock group Kortatu wrote the song Sarri, Sarri in honor of this. He has lived in secret since his escape and writes a lot about exile. 

Sarrionandia has written books and poems which have been sung by different Basque singers. There's also an audio book called Hau da ene ondasun guzia of Sarrionandia reading his own poems as well as many songs performed by different singers.

Awards 
 Ignacio Aldekoa Prize (1980)
 Resurreccion Maria Azkue Prize (1980)
 Bilbao City Council Prize (1980)
 Spanish Literature critics', Basque Narrative Prize (1986 and 2001)
 Euskadi Prize for Essay in Basque (2011)

One of his poems 
The blacksmith slave
Captive in the rainforests of the West
they brought yo to Rome, slave,
they gave you the blacksmith work
and you make chains.
The red iron that you carry out the oven
can be adapted as you want,
you can make swords
in order that your people could break the chains,
but you, this slave,
you make chains, more chains.
Translation source

Other websites 
 Izuen gordelekuetan barrena , online poems.
 Gartzelako poemak , online poems.
 Project for translating a poem into as many languages as possible using wiki technology 

1958 births
Living people
Spanish writers
SpongeBob SquarePants is the main character of the Nickelodeon show SpongeBob SquarePants. He is a sea sponge who loves his job as a fry cook at the Krusty Krab. SpongeBob lives in a pineapple with his pet snail Gary. He is well known in Bikini Bottom as a gaser. He likes watching television and his favorite show is Baka Prase chanell. 

SpongeBob was first seen on May 1, 1999 in the show's television pilot ("Help Wanted").

Spongebob continues to inspire children of all ages and even adults. To this day, he is seen as a role model for many teenagers age 13-25.

Role in SpongeBob SquarePants

SpongeBob is a sea sponge. He lives in Bikini Bottom, an underwater town. He loves his job as the Krusty Krab's fry cook. He works for Mr. Krabs, who owns the Krusty Krab. His neighbor Squidward Tentacles works at the Krusty Krab as a cashier. SpongeBob like to fish for jellyfish. He plays karate with his friend Sandy Cheeks. He is also good at blowing bubbles.

SpongeBob's best friend is his neighbor Patrick Star. SpongeBob lives in a pineapple that is used as a house. He has a snail as a pet named Gary. Because SpongeBob is very happy, he thinks that everyone else around him is too. For example, he likes to be with Squidward, who does not like SpongeBob. SpongeBob wants to get a driver's license at Mrs. Puff's school for driving. However, he has failed every driving test.

References 

Animated characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1999
SpongeBob SquarePants characters
Fr Lorenzo Milani Comparetti (May 27, 1923 – June 26, 1967) was a priest of the Catholic Church in Italy. He is best known as an educator of poor children, and being for conscientious objection.

1923 births
1967 deaths
Italian Roman Catholics
Ariel Rubinstein (born April 13, 1951 in Jerusalem) is an Israeli economist. He is a professor of economics at Tel Aviv University and New York University. Rubinstein writes about game theory. He has a well-known John Nash speech which he gives all around the world. He currently lives in Tel-Aviv.

Other websites
 Ariel Rubinstein's personal homepage with links to most of his published works
 The presentation of Ariel Rubinstein for the 2004 Nemmers Prize in Economics.
 Nash lecture
 Rubinstein's Alternating Offers Bargaining paper
 Nash's home page

1951 births
Living people
Economists
Israeli academics
Israeli Jews
Israeli scientists
Jewish academics
Jewish scientists
People from Jerusalem
Mosaic is the art of decorating a surface with pictures and patterns made of little pieces of stone, glass or tiles of different colours. Mosaics can be used indoors on walls, floors and ceilings. Mosaics are sometimes used outdoors on pavements.

Making mosaics 
Mosaics are made by setting coloured pieces into "mortar" (cement) which sets hard and holds the pieces in place. Some mosaics are made of round pebbles, and have only two or three colours. Other mosaics are made of marble. Many mosaics, particularly in Italy, are made of terracotta tiles. (Terracotta is "fired" clay that has been baked in an oven.) Terracotta tiles come in many colours and can be used for colourful pictures as well as patterns. 

Some tiles look as if they are made of pure gold. These tiles are actually made of glass and have a very thin "leaf" of gold stuck to one side. The side with the gold gets put into the mortar. Then the gold can be seen through the glass, but cannot be scratched off.

History
Mosaics often last for a very long time. There are still plenty of mosaics which were made by the Ancient Romans. They can be seen in Italy, England, France, as well as  other countries that were once part of the Roman Empire. 

Many beautiful mosaics date from the early Christian and Byzantine eras, from about 300 AD to 1400, in Italy, Greece, and other countries. The mosaics in churches usually have pictures which tell Bible stories.

Mosaics were a popular way to decorate churches in Italy in the Medieval period. They were not popular in England, France, Germany and countries of Northern Europe because they preferred to use stained glass windows as decoration. In Italy, the most famous church with its interior decorated with mosaics is St. Mark's Basilica, Venice. At Westminster Cathedral in London, (which is built in an Italian style) the mosaic decoration which was started more than 100 years ago is still continuing, bit by bit. Many of the mosaics at St. Mark's and Westminster Cathedral have gold backgrounds. 

Nowadays mosaics are still used in all sorts of ways. Mosaics are most often used to brighten up public places in cities. Modern mosaics are made of all sorts of materials: mosaic tiles, bathroom tiles, broken roof tiles, broken dishes, broken mirrors, bits of metal and old bricks.

Gallery

Related pages 
 Fresco 
 Icon 
 Tempera 
 Oil painting 
 Stained glass 
 Byzantine art 

Art
Architecture
Odilon Redon (April 22, 1840 – July 6, 1916) was a Symbolist painter and printmaker, born in Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France.

Redon started drawing as a young child, and at the age of 10 he was given a drawing prize at school. At age 15, he began official study in drawing but he later on switched to architecture because his father told him to. His failure to pass the entrance exams at Paris’ École des Beaux-Arts ended any plans for a career as an architect, although he would later study there under Jean-Léon Gerôme.

Back home in his home town of Bordeaux, he took up sculpture, and Rodolphe Bresdin instructed him in etching and lithography. However, his artistic career was halted in 1870 when he joined the army to serve in the Franco-Prussian War.

At the end of the war, he moved to Paris, working almost only in charcoal and lithography. It would not be until 1878 that his work gained any recognition with Guardian Spirit of the Waters, and he published his first album of lithographs, called Dans le Rêve, in 1879. Still, Redon remained unknown until the appearance in 1884 of a cult novel by Joris-Karl Huysmans titled, À rebours (Against Nature). The story featured a decadent aristocrat who collected Redon's drawings. 

In the 1890s, he began to use pastel and oils, which featured in most of his works for the rest of his life. In 1899, he exhibited with the Nabis at Durand-Ruel's. In 1903 he was given the Legion of Honor. His popularity increased when a catalogue of etchings and lithographs was published by André Mellerio in 1913 and that same year, he was given the largest single representation at the New York Armory Show. 

In 2005 the Museum of Modern Art launched an exhibition called "Beyond The Visible", a comprehensive overview of Redon's work showcasing more than 100 paintings, drawings, prints and books from The Ian Woodner Family Collection. The exhibition ran from October 30, 2005 to January 23, 2006.

Selected works

Other websites 

 odilonredon.net  - Online biography and pictures of Odilon Redon
 Artcyclopedia - Links to Redon's works
 The Athenaeum - Extensive list and images of Redon's works
 Museum Syndicate - Odilon Redon Gallery at Museum Syndicate
 Web Museum - Biography and images of Redon's works
 MoMA Exhibition  - "Beyond the Visible - The Art of Odilon Redon" - MoMA exhibition (October 2005 - January 2006)

1840 births
1916 deaths
French painters
French printmakers
People from Bordeaux
Wizards of Waverly Place is a 2007 Disney Channel television series. It is about a family of wizards. The children are Alex Russo, Justin Russo, and Max Russo. They are training as wizards. Only the best wizard in the family gets to keep their powers. Their dad is Jerry Russo. Their mom is Theresa Russo. Alex's best friend is Harper Finkle.

Cast

Main Cast
Selena Gomez - Alex Russo
David Henrie - Justin Russo
Jake T. Austin - Max Russo
Jennifer Stone - Harper Finkle
Maria Canals Barrera - Theresa Russo
David DeLuise - Jerry Russo

Recurring Cast
Daniel Samonas - Dean Moriarti - 7 Episodes
Hayley Kiyoko - Stevie Nichols - 4 Episodes
Andrew Parmelee - Kid - 12 Episodes

DVD

Wizards of Waverly Place: Wizard School is a 4 episode DVD, which was released on July 29, 2008 in the US.

Books
 It's All Relative! - You Can't Always Get What You Carpet & Alex In The Middle (July 2008)
 Haywire - Crazy Ten Minute Sale & I Almost Drowned In A Chocolate Fountain (July 2008)
 Spellbound - New Employee & Alex's Choice (September 2008)
 Top Of The Class - Wizard School Part 1 & Wizard School Part 2 (November 2008)
 Birthdays and Movies - Quincenera & Movies (February 2009)
 I Almost Blown My Secret - Report Card & The Supernatural (February 2009)
 Spring Out - Alex's Spring Fling & Art Musueum Piece (March 2009)

Other websites
 Official site
 Behind-the-scenes pictures
 

2007 television series debuts
English-language television programs
Cory in the House is a 2007 Disney Channel television series. The series is a spin off of That's So Raven. It is about a boy named Cory Baxter who lives in the White House, the residence of the President of the United States. Cory lives in the White House because his dad is the chef. Cory's best friends are Newt and Meena. His rival is Jason. He thinks that Sophie, the President's daughter, is a pest.

Cast 
Kyle Massey as Cory Baxter
Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter
Jason Dolley as Newt Livingston
Maiara Walsh as Meena Paroom
Madison Pettis as Sophie Martinez
John D'Aquino President Richard Martinez
Lisa Arch as Samantha Samuels
Jake Thomas as Jason Stickler

Episodes

Season 1
The New Kid in Town
Ain't Miss Bahavian
Everybody Loves Meena
We Built This Kitty on Rock 'n' Roll
Rock the Vote
Napper's Delight
Smells Like School Spirit
Just Desserts
Bahavian Idol
Beat the Press
Mall of Confusion
Get Smarter
And the Weenie Is....
No, No, Nanoosh
Air Force One Too Many
That's So in the House
Gone Wishin
I Ain't Got No Rhythm
The Kung Foo Cats Kid
A Rat By Any Other Name
Never the Dwayne Shall Meet

Season 2
The Presidential Seal
Through the Roof
Monster's Ball
Lip Service
Who let the Dolls Out
We Don't Have Chemistry
Uninvited Pest
Making the Braid
Model Behavior
Sittin' Pretty
Macho Libre
Peace, Love, and Misunderstanding
Mad Songs Pay So Much

DVDs

All Star Edition 
The DVD, All Star Edition, was released on August 7, 2007.

Episodes 
Air Force One Too Many
Just Desserts
Never The Dwayne Shall Meet
That's So In the House

Special Features 
Raven In The House; Behind the scenes Of That's So In The House.
Rock In The House; Behind the scenes of Never The Dwayne Shall Meet.

Wish Gone Amiss 
Wish Gone Amiss released on November 27, 2007. This DVD included three episodes. Each episode was from a different Disney Channel series. The episodes were about the main characters of the series making a wish. The other series included on this DVD were Hannah Montana and The Suite Life of Zack & Cody.

Episodes 
"Gone Wishin" (Episode 17 of Cory in the House)
"Super Twins" (Episode 69 of The Suite Life of Zack & Cody)
"You Wish You Were the Star" (Episode 38 of Hannah Montana)

Special features 
"I Wish I May, I Wish I Might: A Guide to Making Wishes"

Other websites 
 Cory in the House Official Site
 Cory in the House Trailers and Music Video

2007 television series debuts
Children's television series
Television series by Disney
English-language television programs
Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, KCMG, PC, PC (Can), (January 11, 1815 – June 6, 1891) was the first Prime Minister of Canada. He was an important influence on the Canadian Confederation, July 1, 1867. Macdonald was in office from 1867 to 1873 and again from 1878 to 1891, making him the second longest-serving Prime Minister of Canada and the only one to win six majority governments.

One of the things Macdonald wanted to do was to build a transcontinental railway that would link Canada from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. That railway, called the Canadian Pacific Railway, was completed in 1885.

Macdonald did not speak French as well as the Prime Ministers who came after him. He could speak Scottish Gaelic and a bit of Latin.

Macdonald had four siblings. He was the third of five children.

Other websites 
 
 
 
 The Canadian Museum of Civilization - Face-to-Face - The Canadian Personalities Hall
 John A. Macdonald: Architect of Modern Canada
 John A. Macdonald, Confederation and Canadian Federalism 
 Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
 "Sir John A. Macdonald, Freemason" 
 Synopsis of federal political experience from the Library of Parliament 
 Image of The Jamaica with Sir and Lady Macdonald aboard 
 John Macdonald's Gravesite
 Correspondence of Sir John Macdonald; selections from the correspondence of the Right Honorable Sir John Alexander Macdonald, first Prime Minister of the Dominion of Canada, made by his literary executor Sir Joseph Pope (1921)
 
 Dictionary of Canadian Biography article by J. K. Johnson and P. B. Waite
 The John A. Macdonald Portal, edited by Alastair Sweeny 

1815 births
1891 deaths
Politicians from Glasgow
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)
Canadian Queen's Counsel
The Justice League is a fictional DC Comics superhero team. It is sometimes called the Justice League of America (JLA).

The Justice League first appeared in the comic book The Brave and the Bold #28 in 1960. The first members were Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Green Lantern, Aquaman, and the Martian Manhunter.

Over time, many other superheroes have been members of the Justice League. Some examples are: Green Arrow, Atom, Hawkman, Black Canary, Captain Marvel, Plastic Man, Elongated Man, Booster Gold and Skeet and The Question. Many other superheroes joined the justice league.

Many different comic book series have featured the Justice League. The current series are Justice League (Volume 4) and Justice League Odessey.

Several television cartoons have also featured the Justice League, such as: Super Friends, Justice League, and Justice League Unlimited.

The Justice League has had many headquarters. These include the Hall of Justice, the Justice League Satellite, and the Justice League Watchtower.

There is a 2017 action-adventure film based on The Justice League with the same name. The movie included Batman, Superman, The Flash, Cyborg, Aquaman and Wonder Woman. Another version of the movie, titled Zack Snyder's Justice League, will be released in 2021.
Even Stevens is a Disney Channel television series about an American family. It is mostly about the fights between a girl named Ren and her brother, Louis. Ren likes doing everything right. Louis likes having fun, even if it means breaking rules and getting in trouble.

Cast
 Shia LaBeouf as Louis Stevens
 Christy Carlson Romano as Ren Stevens
 Margo Harshman as Tawny Dean
 Nick Spano as Donnie Stevens
 Tom Virtue as Steve Stevens
 Donna Pescow as Eileen Stevens
 A.J. Trauth as Alan Twitty
 Fred Meyers as Tom Gribalski

Episodes

Season 1

1. Swap.com

2. Stevens Genes

3. Take My Sister... Please

4. What'll Idol Do?

5. All About Yvette

6. Louis in the Middle

7. Foodzilla

8. Family Picnic

9. Scrub Day

10. Easy Way

11. Secrets and Spies

12. Deep Chocolate

13. After Hours

14. Battle of the Bands

15. Heck of a Hanukkah

16. Luscious Lou

17. Get a Job

18. Movie Madness

19. Strictly Ballroom

20. Almost Perfect

21. A Weak First Week

Season 2

22. Starstruck

23. Shutterbugged

24. Duck Soup

25. Quest for Coolness

26. Secret World of Girl

28. Thin Ice

29. Head Games

30. Love and Basketball

31. Devil Mountain

32. Wild Child

33. Easy Crier

34. A Very Scary Story

35. Sadie Hawkins Day

36. Sibling Rivalry

37. Wombat Wuv

38. Uncle Chuck

39. The Thomas Gribalski Affair

40. Ren-Gate

41. Tight End in Traction

42. Influenza: The Musical

43. Gutter Queen

Season 3

44. The Kiss

45. Where in the World is Pookie Stevens?

46. My Best Friend's Girlfriend

47. Your Toast

48. Band on the Roof

49. Little Mr. Sacktown

50. Raiders of the Lost Sasuage

51. Close Encounters of the Beans Kind

52. Short Story

53. Hutch Boy

54. Hardly Famous

55. The King Sloppy

56. Boy on a Rock

57. Dirty Work

58. The Big Splash

59. Beans on the Brain

60. Snow Job

61. Stevens Manor

62. Model Principal

63. Surf's Up

64. In Ren We Trust

65. Leavin' Stevens

2000 television series debuts
Television series by Disney
English-language television programs
Trojan objects orbit 60° ahead (L4) or behind (L5) a more massive object. Both are in orbit around an even more massive central object. The best known example are the asteroids that orbit ahead or behind Jupiter around the Sun. Trojan objects do not orbit exactly at one of either Lagrange points, but do remain close to it, appearing to slowly orbit it.

The largest group of asteroids known to move around the Sun are those with the planet Jupiter. There are two groups of Jovian Trojans, one group on each side of Jupiter.

History

Theory 
In 1772 the French mathematician and astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange identified two spots in a planet's orbit which were gravitationally stable. If put there, an object would stay there. Lagrange predicted the existence of a group of small bodies in each of the two stable points in Jupiter’s orbit.

The term originally referred to the Trojan asteroids orbiting around Jupiter's Lagrangian points, which are by convention named after figures from the Trojan War of Greek mythology. By convention, the asteroids orbiting Jupiter's L4 point are named after the heroes from the Greek side of the war, while those at L5 are from the Trojan side. The two exceptions, the Greek-themed 617 Patroclus and the Trojan-themed 624 Hektor, were actually assigned to the wrong sides.

Discoveries 
In 1904, Edward Emerson Barnard was the first person to see a Trojan asteroid. Barnard thought it was a moon of the planet Saturn. In February 1906 a German astronomer named Max Wolf saw a Trojan asteroid and named it 588 Achilles. Wolf was the first person to see a Trojan asteroid and know what it was. Since that time, more than 2000 Trojan asteroids have been seen. The biggest Trojan asteroid is named 624 Hektor. 624 Hektor is 370 km across. Astronomers think that Trojan asteroids are made of ice and dust.

Later, objects were found orbiting the Lagrangian points of Neptune, Mars, and Earth.  Asteroids at the Lagrangian points of planets other than Jupiter may be called Lagrangian asteroids.

 5261 Eureka, 1998 VF31, 1999 UJ7, and 2007 NS2 are Mars Trojans.
 Eight Neptune Trojans are known, but they may outnumber the Jupiter Trojans by an order of magnitude.
 2010 TK7 was confirmed as the first known Earth Trojan in 2011. It is located in the L4 Lagrangian point, which lies ahead of Earth.

Earth's Trojan 
Astronomers have found a Trojan asteroid not far from Earth, moving in the same orbit around the Sun. It sits in one of the 'Lagrange points', which are 60 degrees ahead of or behind the planets in their orbits. These are points of gravitational stability.

Called 2010 TK7, the rock is about 80 million km from Earth, and should come no closer than about 25 million km. The team says its orbit appears stable at least for the next 10,000 years.

An orbiting telescope sensitive to infrared light found 2010 TK7. Wise, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer launched in 2009, examined more than 500 Near-Earth objects (NEOs), 123 of which were new to science. Follow-up work on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope confirmed the status of 2010 TK7.

Related pages 
 Neptune Trojan

References

Other websites 
 List of Jupiter's Trojan asteroids
Christopher Allen Lloyd (born October 22, 1938) is an American actor. He has appeared in various theatre productions, films, stage, television and video game work since 1961 and is most famous for the movies Back to the Future and The Addams Family, the television programs Taxi and Cyberchase, and Piranha 3D.

Filmography

References

Other websites

 
 
 
Another Unofficial Christopher Lloyd Web Site
Christopher Lloyd at Memory Alpha

1938 births
Living people
Actors from Stamford, Connecticut
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Emmy Award winning actors
The Buzz on Maggie is an American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation and Bardel Entertainment. It is about a fly named Maggie. The show takes place in a world of talking insects. The show had two different stories in each episode. The show was cancelled after only one season of twenty-one episodes. The series premiered airs at 9:30 a.m. ET/PT time on June 18, 2005 on Disney Channel in the United States and on Teletoon in Canada.

Cast
 Jessica Di Cicco - Maggie Pesky
 David Kaufman - Aldrin Pesky
 Thom Adcox - Pupert Pesky
 Cree Summer - Rayna Cartflight
 Brian Doyle-Murray - Chauncey Pesky
 Susan Tolsky - Frieda Pesky
 Jeff Bennett - Principal Peststrip
 Tara Strong - Dawn Swatworthy
 Jodi Benson - Laura
 Patrick Warburton - George
 Curtis Armstrong - Mr. Bugspit
 Billy West - Eugene and Wendell
 Laraine Newman - Lacey Ladybug

Episodes

 The Flyinator/Ladybugged
 Funball/The Science Whatchamacallit
 Germy/The Candidate
 Lunchlady/Love Stinks
 The Price of Fame/King Flear
 Rottingmuck Ranch/Bella Con Carney
 Bugsitting/Le Termite
 Pieface/The Hangout
 Slumber Party/Spelling Bees
 The Usual Insects/Sister Act
 Hooligans/Scum Bites
 The Big Score/Scare Wars
 Metamorpho Sis/Radio Free Buzzdale
 Those Pesky Roaches/Bugtillion
 Hot For Tutor/Sick Days inc.
 Scout of Order/Ant Mines
 Faking History/Bugs on the Brink
 Training Days/Honey Stripers
 Racooooon!/Best, Best Friends
 Peskys Unclogged/Club Hopping
 Synchronized Flying/Roach Hotel

2005 television series debuts
2010 television series endings
Animated television series
Television series by Disney
English-language television programs
Green Arrow is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Green Arrow was created by Mort Weisinger and George Papp and first appeared in More Fun Comics #73 in 1941. His secret identity is Oliver Jonas Queen and his friends call him Ollie. He is a billionaire and once was a mayor of the fictional city Star City.

Green Arrow is a superhero, but lacks any superpowers. He is similar in appearance and abilities to Robin Hood. Green Arrow is an archer who uses his expert skill in archery to fight crime. He wanted to help citizens when he fell off his boat and got stranded on an island. He also is a highly trained martial artist. Green Arrow is blond, dresses all in green, and as a goatee beard.

Green Arrow uses many trick arrows to fight crime plus supervillains. For example, trick arrows include: glue arrows, net arrows, explosive arrows, grappling hook arrows, and boxing-glove arrows.

Since 1970 Green Arrow has usually been written as being explicitly left-wing politically and fighting for social justice.

Green Arrow has been a member of the Justice League and the Outsiders.

Green Arrow was not initially a well-known character outside of comic book fandom: he had appeared in a single episode of the animated series Super Friends in 1973. In the 2000s, the character appeared in a number of DC television properties, including the animated series Justice League Unlimited, Young Justice, The Batman and Batman: The Brave and the Bold, and several DC Universe Animated Original Movies. In live action, he appeared in the series Smallville, played by actor Justin Hartley, and became a core cast member. In 2012, the live action series Arrow debuted on The CW, in which the title character was portrayed by Stephen Amell, and launching several spin-off series, becoming the starting point for a shared television franchise called the Arrowverse.

Supporting Characters 

Green Arrow was romantically linked with Black Canary for many years.

Green Arrow originally had a sidekick, and adopted son, named Speedy. Speedy's real name is Roy Harper. Roy Harper now is the superhero Red Arrow.

Green Arrow also has a biological son named Conner Hawke. When Oliver Queen died, Connor Hawke became Green Arrow. Oliver Queen was later resurrected by Hal Jordan, and retook the role of Green Arrow.

DC Comics superheroes
Green Lantern is the name of several fictional superheroes that appear in comic books published by DC Comics. The first was Alan Scott and was created by writer Bill Finger and artist Martin Nodell in All-American Comics #16 in July 1940.

The most famous is Hal Jordan and was created by John Broome and Gil Kane in Showcase #22 in October 1959.

Each Green Lantern wears a power ring that allows the Green Lantern to control the physical world by strength of will.

Alan Scott was the Golden Age Green Lantern and his ring was powered by magic.

All of the Green Lanterns since then have worn rings that were not magic, but advanced technology. The Guardians of the Universe created the power rings and granted them to worthy candidates throughout the galaxy. These individuals make up the Green Lantern Corps, an intergalactic police force.

His archenemy is Sinestro.

Golden Age Green Lantern: Alan Scott 

Alan Scott was a young engineer when he found a metal lantern that glowed with a magical green flame. The flame told Alan how to build a ring. Alan used the power of the ring to fight crime. Alan was a founding member of the Justice Society of America.

Alan Scott's power ring had to be recharged every 24 hours and did not work on wood.

Silver Age Green Lantern: Hal Jordan 

Hal Jordan was an airplane test pilot. Jordan was given his power ring by a dying alien named Abin Sur, whose spaceship had crashed on Earth. Jordan was a founding member of the Justice League of America and also a member of the Green Lantern Corps.

At First Hal Jordan's power ring didn't work on anything yellow.

Hal Jordan's hometown Coast City was destroyed in the early 1990s and he went insane. Jordan destroyed the Green Lantern Corps and renamed himself Parallax. Jordan later died, sacrificing himself to reignite a dying Sun only to return from the grave as the Spectre, the divine Spirit of God's Vengeance.

Hal Jordan was later brought back to life and he once again became a Green Lantern. He also made an oath to recharge the power ring:
"In brightest day, in blackest night
No evil shall escape my sight,
Let those who worship evil's might,
Beware my power...Green lantern's light!"

Bronze Age Green Lanterns 

Guy Gardner

Guy Gardner was the second choice of Abin Sur and the backup to Hal Jordan.John Stewart

John Stewart, an architect, was chosen by the Guardians to replace Guy Gardner as the backup Green Lantern for Hal Jordan.

Modern Age Green Lantern: Kyle Rayner 

'''Kyle Rayner

Kyle Rayner, a freelance artist, was given the last power ring, and restored the Guardians and Corps after Jordan destroyed them as Parallax. Later Kyle became Ion, the manifestation of willpower, for a short time.

DC Comics superheroes
DC Comics adapted into movies
Great Yarmouth, often known to locals as Yarmouth, is an English coastal town in Norfolk. It is at the mouth of the River Yare.

References

Towns in Norfolk