Events

Up to 1900 
 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus.
 1462 - The Portuguese reach Sao Vicente, Cape Verde.
 1506 - The first contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrive in Vatican City.
 1517 - The Ottoman Empire under Selim I defeats the Mamluk Sultanate and captures the area that is now Egypt in the Battle of Ridaniya.
 1521 - Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor opens the Diet of Worms.
 1555 - The Ava Kingdom falls to the Taungoo Dynasty in what is now present-day Burma.
 1689 - The Convention Parliament convenes on whether James II of England/James VII of Scotland abandoned the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland when he fled to France in 1688.
 1771 – Spain gives Port Egmont in the Falkland Islands to England.
 1824 - The Ashantis defeat British forces in the Gold Coast, present-day Ghana.
 1840 – British colonists reach New Zealand.
 1849 - Second Anglo-Sikh War: The Siege of Multan ends after nine months when the last defenders  of Multan, Punjab, surrender.
 1863 - The January Uprising begins the Poland, Lithuania and Belarus against Russian rule.
 1873 - The British clipper Northfleet collides with Spanish steamship Murillo off Kent, killing 293 people.
 1879 - Anglo-Zulu War: In the Battle of Rorke's Drift, 139 British soldiers successfully defend  their garrison against an onslaught by 3 to 4,000 Zulu warriors. On the same day, Zulu warriors defeat British troops at the Battle of Isandlwana.
 1890 - The United Mine Workers of America trade union is founded in Columbus, Ohio.
 1899 – Leaders of six Australian colonies meet in Melbourne to discuss uniting.

1901  2000 
 1901 – Edward VII becomes King after Queen Victoria, dies. Her death ends the Victorian era, having reigned longer than any British monarch before her.
 1905 - Bloody Sunday in Saint Petersburg: Start of the 1905 Revolution in Russia.
 1906 - The ship SS Valencia runs aground on Vancouver Island, killing more than 130 people.
 1915 - Over 600 people are killed in Guadalajara, Mexico, when their train plunges off the tracks into a canyon.
 1917 – World War I: US President Woodrow Wilson calls for "peace without victory" in Europe.
 1924 - Ramsay MacDonald becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He is the first Prime Minister from the Labour Party.
 1927 - Teddy Wakelam gives his first live video commentary of a football match anywhere in the world, between Arsenal FC and Sheffield United.
 1931 – Sir Isaac Isaacs sworn in as the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia.
 1941 - World War II: British and Commonwealth forces capture Tobruk in Libya from the Italians in Operation Bypass.
 1944 – World War II: Allies begin Operation Shingle (an attack on Anzio, Italy).
 1946 - The "Central Intelligence Group" is created. It is a forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency.
 1953 – The Crucible, a play by Arthur Miller, starts on Broadway.
 1957 – Israel leaves the Sinai Peninsula.
 1959 - The Knox Mine Disaster occurs in Patston City, Pennsylvania kills 12 people, as water breaches the mine.
 1962 – The Organization of American States (OAS) makes Cuba no longer a member.
 1963 - The Elysee Treaty of cooperation between France and the Federal Republic of Germany is signed by French President Charles de Gaulle and German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer.
 1968 - Apollo 5 lifts off, carrying the first lunar module into space.
 1969 - A gunman attempts to kill Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev.
 1970 - The world's first jumbo jet, a Boeing 747, enters commercial service for the first time, flying from New York City to London.
 1971 - The Singapore Declaration, an important part of the treaty of the Commonwealth of Nations.
 1973 - A Boeing 737 of the Royal Jordanian Airline explodes at Kano Airport in northern Nigeria, killing 176 people.
 1973 - George Foreman defeats Joe Frazier to win the World Heavyweight Boxing champion.
 1973 – The Supreme Court of the United States shows its decision in Roe vs. Wade, stopping laws that limit abortion during the first six months of being pregnant.
 1980 – Andrei Sakharov is arrested in Moscow.
 1984 - The Apple Macintosh computer is introduced.
 1987 - Pennsylvania politician R. Budd Dwyer shoots and kills himself during a live press conference.
 1987 - Philippine Security forces open fire on a crowd  of 10,000 to 15,000 demonstrators in Manila, killing 13 people.
 1991 - Gulf War: Three SCUDs and one patriot missile hit Ramat Gan, Israel, killing 96 people.

From 2001 
 2003 – The Netherlands vote for a new parliament after the one before had only been into power for 86 days.
 2006 - Anibal Cavaco Silva is elected President of Portugal.
 2006 - Evo Morales becomes President of Bolivia.
 2006 – Russia uncovers that the UK spied through a device disguised as a rock.
 2007 - More than 88 people are killed in two car bombings in Baghdad.
 2015 - After Houthi rebels seize the Presidential palace in the capital, Sana'a, Yemen's President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi resigns following months of unrest.
 2018 - Former footballer George Weah becomes President of Liberia.

Births

Up to 1900 
 826 - Emperor Montoku of Japan (d. 858)
 1263 - Ibn Taymiyyah, Syrian scholar and theologian (d. 1328)
 1440 – Ivan III of Russia (d. 1505)
 1552 - Walter Raleigh, English poet, soldier, courtier, spy and explorer (d. 1618)
 1561 – Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher (d. 1626)
 1592 – Pierre Gassendi, French philosopher (d. 1655)
 1690 - Nicolas Lancret, French painter (d. 1743)
 1729 – Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, German writer and philosopher (d. 1781)
 1733 – Philip Carteret, English navy captain, discovered Pitcairn Island (d. 1796)
 1781 - François Habeneck, French violinist and conductor (d. 1849)
 1788 – Lord Byron, English poet (d. 1824)
 1796 - Karl Ernst Claus, Russian chemist (d. 1864)
 1797 – Maria Leopoldina of Austria, Empress of Brazil (d. 1826)
 1814 – Eduard Zeller, German philosopher and theologian (d. 1908)
 1831 – Prince Christian III of Schleswig-Holstein (d. 1917)
 1840 - Ernest Roland Wilberforce, English bishop (d. 1907)
 1843 - Friedrich Blass, German classical scholar (d. 1907)
 1849 – August Strindberg, Swedish novelist and playwright (d. 1912)
 1855 - Albert Ludwig Sigesmund Neisser, German physician (d. 1916)
 1858 - Beatrice Webb, American sociologist and economist (d. 1943)
 1865 - Wilbur Scoville, American pharmacologist and chemist (d. 1942)
 1869 - José Vicente de Freitas, 97th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1952)
 1874 - Vincenzo Lapuma, Italian cardinal (d. 1943)
 1875 – D. W. Griffith, American actor, movie director and movie producer (d. 1948)
 1877 – Hjalmar Schacht, German banker and politician (d. 1970)
 1879 – Francis Picabia, French-born painter and poet (d. 1953)
 1880 - Frigyes Riesz, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1956)
 1882 - Theodore Kosloff, Russian-American actor, ballet dancer and choreographer (d. 1958)
 1885 - Eugène Christophe, French cyclist (d. 1970)
 1890 – Fred M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1953)
 1891 – Antonio Gramsci, Italian philosopher and political theorist (d. 1937)
 1892 - Marcel Dassault, French businessman (d. 1986)
 1893 - Conrad Veidt, German actor (d. 1943)
 1897 - Blind Willie Johnson, American blues and gospel musician (d. 1945)
 1897 - Rosa Ponselle, American soprano (d. 1981)
 1898 - Ross Barnett, American politician, 52nd Governor of Mississippi (d. 1987)
 1898 - Sergei Eisenstein, Russian movie director (d. 1948)
 1900 - Ernst Busch, German actor and singer (d. 1980)

1901  1950 
 1901 - Walther Sommerlath, German businessman, father of Queen Silvia of Sweden (d. 1990)
 1901 - Ken G. Hall, Australian movie producer, director and screenwriter (d. 1994)
 1904 – George Balanchine, Georgian-born choreographer (d. 1983)
 1904 – Arkady Gaidar, Russian writer (d. 1941)
 1907 – Dixie Dean, English footballer (d. 1980)
 1908 – Lev Davidovich Landau, Soviet physicist (d. 1968)
 1909 – U Thant, Burmese diplomat and United Nations Secretary-General (d. 1974)
 1909 - Ann Sothern, American actress (d. 2004)
 1911 – Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria (d. 1990)
 1913 - Henry Bauchau, Belgian psychoanalyst (d. 2012)
 1913 - William Conway, Irish cardinal (d. 1977)
 1915 - Heinrich Albertz, Mayor of Berlin (d. 1993)
 1916 - Bill Durnan, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1972)
 1916 - Henri Dutilleux, French composer (d. 2013)
 1918 - Elmer Lach, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015)
 1918 - Bruno Zevi, Italian architect, historian and professor (d. 2000)
 1920 – Irving Kristol, American political commentator (d. 2009)
 1920 – Chiara Lubich, Italian religious leader (d. 2008)
 1920 – Alf Ramsey, English football manager (d. 1999)
 1922 - Howard Moss, American poet, playwright and critic (d. 1987)
 1923 - Diana Douglas, Bermudan-American actress (d. 2015)
 1924 - Ortvin Sarapu, New Zealand chess player (d. 1999)
 1925 – Bobby George, American baseball player (d. 1985)
 1929 - Petr Eben, Czech composer, organist and choirmaster (d. 2007)
 1931 - Galina Zybina, Russian shot putter and javelin thrower
 1932 – Piper Laurie, American actress
 1934 - Vijay Anand, Indian actor, director, screenwriter and producer (d. 2004)
 1934 – Bill Bixby, American actor (d. 1993)
 1935 - Seymour Cassel, American actor
 1936 – Ong Teng Cheong, President of Singapore (d. 2002)
 1936 – Alan J. Heeger, American chemist
 1936 - Valerio Zanone, Italian politician (d. 2016)
 1938 – Altair Gomes de Figueiredo, Brazilian footballer
 1939 - J. C. Trembley, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1994)
 1939 – Alfredo Palacio, former President of Ecuador
 1940 – John Hurt, British actor (d. 2017)
 1940 - Gillian Shepherd, British educator and politician
 1941 - Jaan Kaplinski, Estonian writer and philosopher
 1942 - Mimis Domazos, Greek footballer
 1945 - Jean-Pierre Nicolas, French rally driver
 1945 - Alojz Uran, former Roman Catholic Archbishop of Ljubljana
 1945 - Christoph Schönborn, Austrian cardinal
 1946 – Malcolm McLaren, British music manager (d. 2010)
 1946 - Serge Savard, Canadian ice hockey player
 1948 - Gilbert Levine, American conductor
 1949 - Steve Perry, American singer, composer and musician

1951  1975 
 1951 - Ondrej Nepela, Slovakian figure skater (d. 1989)
 1953 - Myung-whun Chung, South Korean pianist and conductor
 1954 – Chris Lemmon, American actor
 1955 - Keiko Takahashi, Japanese actress
 1955 - Thomas David Jones, American astronaut
 1955 - Neil Bush, American businessman, brother of George W. Bush
 1957 – Francis Wheen, English writer and journalist
 1958 - Nikos Anastopoulos, Greek footballer
 1959 – Linda Blair, American actress
 1959 – Urs Meier, Swiss football referee
 1960 – Michael Hutchence, Australian musician (d. 1997)
 1962 – Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu, Malaysian Head of State
 1963 - Neeraj Vora, Indian actor (d. 2017)
 1964 – Nigel Benn, English boxer
 1965 – Steven Adler, American drummer (Guns N' Roses)
 1965 - Diane Lane, American actress
 1968 - Guy Fieri, American television host, chef and restaurateur
 1968 - Heath, Japanese singer-songwriter and bass player
 1968 – Mauricio Serna, Colombian footballer
 1970 - Abraham Olano, Spanish cyclist
 1971 - Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu, Australian musician (d. 2017)
 1971 – Stan Collymore, English footballer
 1971 - Sergei Zamorski, Russian-Estonian footballer
 1972 - Namrata Shirodkar, Indian actress
 1973 – Rogério Ceni, Brazilian footballer
 1974 - Joseph Muscat, 13th Prime Minister of Malta

From 1976 
 1977 – Hidetoshi Nakata, Japanese footballer
 1977 - Mario Domm, Mexican singer-songwriter, pianist and producer
 1980 – Jonathan Woodgate, English footballer
 1981 – Ben Moody, American musician
 1981 – Beverley Mitchell, American actress
 1981 - Ibrahima Sonko, French footballer
 1982 – Fabricio Coloccini, Argentine footballer
 1984 – Ben Eager, Canadian ice hockey player
 1984 - Todor Slavov, Bulgarian rally driver (d. 2015)
 1985 – Mohamed Sissoko, Malian footballer
 1986 - Lee Pa-ni, South Korean model
 1987 – Astrid Jacobsen, Norwegian skier
 1987 – Shane Long, Irish footballer
 1988 - Greg Oden, American basketball player
 1990 - Alizé Cornet, French tennis player
 1991 - Elizabeth Simmonds, British swimmer
 1993 - Rio Haryanto, Indonesian racing driver
 1993 - Tommy Knight, English actor
 1994 - Hendrik Bonmann, German footballer

Deaths

Up to 1900 
 239 - Cao Rui, Chinese Emperor (b. 205)
 1341 - Louis I, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1279)
 1531 – Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter (b. 1487)
 1592 – Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France (b. 1554)
 1599 - Cristofano Malvezzi, Italian organist and composer (b. 1547)
 1666 – Shah Jahan, Mughal Emperor (b. 1592)
 1767 – Johann Gottlob Lehmann, German scientist (b. 1719)
 1779 – Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer (b. 1733)
 1840 – Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, German anthropologist (b. 1752)
 1892 - Joseph P. Bradley, American jurist (b. 1813)
 1900 - David Edward Hughes, Welsh-American physicist and inventor (b. 1831)

1901  2000 
 1901 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (b. 1819)
 1919 – Carl Larsson, Swedish painter (b. 1853)
 1922 – Fredrik Bajer, Danish politician and pacifist (b. 1837)
 1922 – Pope Benedict XV (b. 1854)
 1922 – Camille Jordan, French mathematician (b. 1838)
 1929 - R. C. Lehmann, English journalist, author and politician (b. 1856)
 1942 – Walter Sickert, German painter (b. 1860)
 1945 – Else Lasker-Schüler, German poet (b. 1869)
 1950 – Alan Hale, Sr., American actor (b. 1892)
 1950 - Corinne Luchaire, French actress (b. 1921)
 1951 - Karl Nessler, German-American hairdresser (b. 1872)
 1951 - Lawson Robertson, Scottish-American high jumper (b. 1883)
 1954 - Princess Margaret of Prussia (b. 1872)
 1957 - Ralph Barton Perry, American philosopher (b. 1876)
 1959 – Mike Hawthorn, English racing driver (b. 1929)
 1963 - William Godfrey, English cardinal (b. 1889)
 1968 – Duke Kahanamoku, Hawaiian-American swimmer and surfer (b. 1890)
 1971 - Harry Frank Guggenheim, American businessman and publisher (b. 1890)
 1973 – Lyndon B. Johnson, 36th President of the United States (b. 1908)
 1978 - Herbert Sutcliffe, English cricketer (b. 1894)
 1982 – Eduardo Frei Montalva, President of Chile (b. 1911)
 1982 - Tommy Tucker, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1933)
 1990 – Mariano Rumor, Italian politician (b. 1915)
 1990 – Roman Vishniac, Russian-American photographer (b. 1897)
 1991 – Kenas Aroi, Nauruan politician (b. 1942)
 1994 – Telly Savalas, American entertainer (b. 1924)
 1994 - Jean-Louis Barrault, French actor and director (b. 1910)
 1995 – Jerry Blackwell, American professional wrestler (b. 1949)
 1995 – Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, mother of John F. Kennedy (b. 1890)
 1998 - C. Elmer Anderson, Governor of Minnesota (b. 1912)

From 2001 
 2002 – Stanley Marcus, American businessman (b. 1905)
 2003 - Bill Mauldin, American cartoonist (b. 1921)
 2005 - Carlo Orelli, Italian soldier and supercentenarian (b. 1894)
 2007 - Abbé Pierre, French priest and monk (b. 1912)
 2008 – Claude Piron, Swiss translator (b. 1931)
 2008 – Heath Ledger, Australian actor (b. 1979)
 2010 – Sultan Iskandar of Johor, Malaysian Head of State (b. 1932)
 2010 – Jean Simmons, British actress (b. 1929)
 2012 – Joe Paterno, American college football coach (b. 1926)
 2014 - Carlo Mazzacurati, Italian movie director (b. 1956)
 2015 - Wendell H. Ford, American politician, Governor of Kentucky (b. 1924)
 2015 - Joan Hinde, English trumpeter and entertainer (b. 1933)
 2015 - Dacia Valent, Somali-Italian politician (b. 1963)
 2016 - Homayoun Behzadi, Iranian footballer (b. 1941)
 2016 - Miloslav Ransdorf, Czech politician (b. 1953)
 2016 - Rik Wilson, American ice hockey player (b. 1962)
 2016 - Cecil Parkinson, English politician (b. 1931)
 2016 - Kamer Genç, Turkish politician (b. 1940)
 2017 - Dan Caspi, Romanian-Israeli media theorist and academic (b. 1945)
 2017 - Chen Yu-mei, Taiwanese politician (b. 1966)
 2017 - Moshe Gershuni, Israeli painter and sculptor (b. 1936)
 2017 - Jaki Liebezeit, German musician (b. 1938)
 2017 - Andy Marte, Dominican baseball player (b. 1983)
 2017 - Yordano Ventura, Dominican baseball player (b. 1991)
 2017 - Pete Overend Watts, English musician (b. 1947)
 2018 - Jimmy Armfield, English footballer (b. 1935)
 2018 - Billy Hancock, American singer and guitarist (b. 1946)
 2018 - Reinier Kreijermaat, Dutch footballer (b. 1935)
 2018 - Ursula K. Le Guin, American science fiction writer (b. 1929)

Holidays and observances
 New Zealand – Wellington Anniversary
 Ukraine - Reunion Day
 Poland - Grandfather's Day

Days of the year