Events

Up to 1925 
 1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor drowns in the River Saleph while leading an army to Jerusalem.
 1329 - The Battle of Pelekanon results in a Byzantine Empire defeat against the Ottoman Empire.
 1523 - Copenhagen is surrounded by the army of Frederick I of Denmark, as the city does not recognize him as successor to Christian II of Denmark.
 1539 - Council of Trent: Pope Paul III sends out letters to his bishops, delaying the council due to war and the difficulty the bishops had in travelling to Venice.
 1596 - Bear Island, the southernmost island of Svalbard, is discovered by Willem Barentsz.
 1619 - Thirty Years' War: Battle of Zablati, turning point in the Bohemian revolt.
 1692 – In Salem, Massachusetts Bridget Bishop becomes the first person to be executed during the Salem Witch Trials, for alleged witchcraft.
 1719 – Jacobite uprising: The Battle of Glen Shiel takes place.
 1770 – James Cook's ship HMS Endeavour runs aground on the Great Barrier Reef.
 1786 - A landslide dam created by an earthquake ten days earlier, in Sichuan, China, collapses, killing 10,000 people.
 1793 - French Revolution: Following the arrests of Girondin leaders, the Jacobins gain control of the committee of public safety, installing the revolutionary dictatorship.
 1829 – The Boat Race between Oxford University and Cambridge University takes place for the first time.
 1838 – Myall Creek Massacre: 28 Australian Aboriginals are killed.
 1854 – The First Class of US Naval Academy students graduate.
 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Big Bethel - Confederate forces under John B. Magruder defeat a Union force under Ebenezer W. Pierce, in Virginia.
 1864 – American Civil War: A Confederate force under Nathan Bedford Forrest defeats the Union force under Samuel D. Sturgis in Mississippi.
 1865 – Wagner's opera, Tristan und Isolde first performed in Munich.
 1878 - The League of Prizren is founded in the Balkans.
 1886 – Mount Tarawera on New Zealand's North Island erupts, killing 153 people and destroys the famous Pink Terraces.
 1898 – Spanish-American War: US marines land on Cuba.
 1906 – William Hall-Jones replaces Richard Seddon as Prime Minister of New Zealand.
 1907 - The first Beijing to Paris car rally begins. It is the longest race of its kind in the world.
 1916 - Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire.
 1918 – World War I: Austro-Hungarian battleship SMS Szent Istvan sinks, having been torpedoed by an Italian MAS motorboat.
 1924 – Fascists kill Italian socialist Giacomo Matteotti.
 1925 – The United Church of Canada is founded in Toronto.

1926  2000 
 1935 – Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in Akron, Ohio.
 1935 - The Chaco War ends, as a truce is called between Bolivia and Paraguay.
 1940 – World War II: Norway surrenders to German forces.
 1940 - World War II: Italy declares war on the United Kingdom and France.
 1942 – World War II: The Nazis burn the village of Lidice in Czechoslovakia.
 1944 – World War II: 642 people are killed by German troops in Oradour-sur-Glane in France.
 1944 – World War II: In Distomo, Greece, German troops kill 218 people.
 1944 – 15-year-old Joe Nuxhall of the Cincinnati Reds becomes the youngest player in a Major League Baseball game.
 1945 - World War II: Australian Imperial Forces land in Brunei Bay to liberate Brunei.
 1947 – Saab produces its first automobile.
 1955 – The foundation stone of CERN, on the Switzerland-France border, is laid.
 1957 – John Diefenbaker is elected Prime Minister of Canada.
 1967 – The Six-Day War ends.
 1967 - Argentina becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
 1977 - James Earl Ray escapes from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tennessee, but is re-captured on June 13.
 1977 - Apple II, one of the first personal computers, goes on sale.
 1979 - The first election to the European Parliament takes place.
 1980 - The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a call to fight for imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela.
 1991 – The American military's Clark Air Base in the Philippines is evacuated, because of the eruption of Mount Pinatubo.
 1991 – Jaycee Lee Dugard is kidnapped by Philip Garrido in California. He holds her captive until 2009, and fathers two daughters with her.
 1996 – Peace negotiations begin in Northern Ireland, without the participation of Sinn Féin.
 1997 – Fleeing his main stronghold, former Cambodian dictator Pol Pot orders the killing of his former defense chief Son Sen, and of 11 of Sen's family members.
 1998 - The 1998 FIFA World Cup in France begins.
 1999 – NATO's air war over Kosovo ends, as Serbian forces withdraw.
 2000 – Syrian President Hafez al-Assad dies. His son Bashar al-Assad replaces him.
 2000 – UEFA Euro 2000 begins in the Netherlands and Belgium.

From 2001 
 2001 - Pope John Paul II canonizes Lebanon's first female saint, Saint Rafqa.
 2002 - The first director electronic communication experiment between the nervous systems of two humans is carried out by Briton Kevin Warwick.
 2003 – The Spirit Rover is launched, beginning NASA's Mars Explorer Rover System.
 2003 - Wicked begins on Broadway, later winning 40 awards.
 2005 – The Svinesund Bridge between Norway and Sweden is opened.
 2014 - Militants from the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant", affiliated with Al-Qaeda, take control of Mosul, Iraq's second-largest city.
 2014 - Reuven Rivlin is chosen to succeed Shimon Peres as President of Israel. He is sworn in on July 24.
 2016 - The UEFA Euro 2016 football championship in France begins.
 2016 - American singer Christina Grimmie is shot at a concert in Orlando, Florida, and dies later the same evening, aged 22.

Births

Up to 1900 
 1213 – Fakhruddin 'Iraqi, Persian philosopher (d. 1289)
 1493 – Anton Fugger, German banker (d. 1560)
 1513 - Louis, Duke of Montpensier, French aristocrat (d. 1582)
 1637 – Jacques Marquette, French Jesuit missionary (d. 1675)
 1657 - James Craggs the Elder, English politician (d. 1921)
 1688 – James Francis Edward Stuart ("The Old Pretender"), claimant to the British throne (d. 1766)
 1713 – Princess Caroline of Great Britain (d. 1757)
 1716 - Carl Gustaf Ekeberg, Swedish physician and explorer (d. 1784)
 1753 – William Eustis, 12th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1825)
 1775 – James Barbour, American lawyer, politician and 19th Governor of Virginia (d. 1842)
 1804 – Hermann Schlegel, German ornithologist (d. 1884)
 1819 – Gustave Courbet, French painter (d. 1877)
 1825 – Sondre Norheim, Norwegian skier (d. 1897)
 1825 – Princess Hildegard of Bavaria (d. 1864)
 1832 – Nikolaus August Otto, German engineer (d. 1891)
 1832 – Stephen Mosher Wood, American politician (d. 1920)
 1835 – Rebecca Latimer Felton, American politician (d. 1930)
 1835 – Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1908)
 1839 – Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg, Council President of Denmark (d. 1912)
 1839 - Ion Creanga, Romanian writer (d. 1889)
 1840 – Theodor Philipsen, Danish painter (d. 1920)
 1843 – Heinrich von Herzogenberg, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1900)
 1844 - Carl Hagenbeck, German zoo director (d. 1913)
 1855 - Charles Allen Culberson, Governor of Texas (d. 1925)
 1859 – Emanuel Nobel, Swedish-Russian oil baron (d. 1932)
 1863 – Louis Couperus, Dutch writer (d. 1923)
 1865 – Frederick Cook, American physician and explorer, claimed to be first at the North Pole (d. 1940)
 1870 - Constantin Angelescu, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1948)
 1876 - William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, German aristocrat (d. 1923)
 1887 - Harry F. Byrd, Governor of Virginia (d. 1966)
 1891 - Al Dubin, American songwriter (d. 1945)
 1894 - Prince Igor Constantinovich of Russia (d. 1918)
 1895 – Hattie McDaniel, American actress (d. 1952)
 1895 - Immanuel Velikovsky, Russian-born psychoanalyst and author (d. 1979)
 1897 – Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
 1899 - Stanislaw Czaykowski, Polish racing driver (d. 1933)

1901  1950 
 1901 – Frederick Loewe, German-born composer (d. 1988)
 1903 - Theo Lingen, German actor and director (d. 1978)
 1904 - Lin Huiyin, Chinese architect and poet (d. 1955)
 1910 – Howlin' Wolf, American blues singer and musician (d. 1976)
 1911 - Terence Rattigan, British playwright (d. 1977)
 1912 - Jean Lesage, 11th Premier of Quebec (d. 1980)
 1915 – Saul Bellow, Canadian-American novelist (d. 2005)
 1916 - Peride Celal, Turkish novelist and short story writer (d. 2013)
 1918 - Patachou, French singer and actress (d. 2015)
 1918 - Barry Morse, English actor (d. 2008)
 1919 - Haidar Abdel-Shafi, Palestinian physician and politician (d. 2007)
 1919 - Kevin O'Flanagan, Irish footballer, rugby player and physician (d. 2006)
 1920 – Ruth Graham, American poet, wife of Billy Graham (d. 2007)
 1921 - Jean Robic, French motorcycle racer (d. 1980)
 1921 – Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (d. 2021)
 1921 - Oskar Gröning, German SS member (d. 2018)
 1922 – Judy Garland, American actress (d. 1969)
 1922 - Bill Kerr, Australian actor (d. 2014)
 1923 – Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born media tycoon (d. 1991)
 1924 - Friedrich L. Bauer, German computer scientist (d. 2014)
 1925 - James Salter, American writer (d. 2015)
 1925 - Leo Gravelle, Canadian ice hockey player
 1926 – Lionel Jeffries, British actor (d. 2010)
 1927 - Lin Yang-kang, Chinese politician (d. 2013)
 1928 – Maurice Sendak, American writer and illustrator (d. 2012)
 1929 - E. O. Wilson, American biologist, researcher, theorist, naturalist and author
 1929 – Harald Juhnke, German actor and comedian (d. 2005)
 1929 - James McDivitt, American astronaut
 1929 - Lyudmila Zykina, Russian singer (d. 2009)
 1929 - Yevgeniy Chazov, Russian physician
 1930 - Aranka Siegal, Czech-born American writer and Holocaust survivor
 1930 - Ilya Glazunov, Russian painter (d. 2017)
 1930 - Chen Xitong, Chinese politician, 8th Mayor of Beijing (d. 2013)
 1931 - Bryan Cartledge, English diplomat
 1931 – Joao Gilberto, Brazilian singer and guitarist
 1932 - Philipp Jenninger, German politician (d. 2018)
 1933 – Georgi Atanasov, former Prime Minister of Bulgaria
 1934 - Alois Mock, Austrian politician (d. 2017)
 1936 - Eugenio Bersellini, Italian footballer (d. 2017)
 1938 – Violetta Villas, Belgian-born Polish singer, songwriter, composer and actress (d. 2011)
 1939 - Joe Bossano, former Chief Minister of Gibraltar
 1941 – Jürgen Prochnow, German actor
 1941 – Shirley Owens, American singer (Shirelles)
 1941 - Mickey Jones, American drummer and actor
 1942 - Arthur Hamilton, Lord Hamilton, Scottish judge
 1942 - Lopo do Nascimento, 1st Prime Minister of Angola
 1943 - Simon Jenkins, English journalist
 1943 - Edward Peel, English actor
 1944 - Ze'ev Friedman, Polish-born Israeli weightlifter (d. 1972)
 1947 - Nicole Bricq, French politician (d. 2017)
 1949 - Frankie Faison, American actor
 1949 – John Sentamu, Archbishop of York
 1949 - Kevin Corcoran, American actor (d. 2015)

1951  1975 
 1953 – John Edwards, American politician
 1953 - Bill Longmuir, Scottish golfer
 1954 - Rich Hall, American comedian and writer
 1955 – Annette Schavan, German politician
 1956 – Rolandas Paksas, former President of Lithuania
 1959 – Carlo Ancelotti, Italian footballer and football manager
 1959 – Eliot Spitzer, American politician, former Governor of New York
 1960 – Mark-Anthony Turnage, English composer
 1960 – Maxi Priest, English singer
 1961 - Kim Deal, American singer-songwriter and musician
 1962 – Gina Gershon, American actress
 1962 - Akie Abe, wife of Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe
 1963 - Nadia Hasnaoui, Norwegian television presenter
 1963 - Brad Henry, American politician, 26th Governor of Oklahoma
 1963 - Jeanne Tripplehorn, American actress
 1964 - Jimmy Chamberlin, American musician
 1964 - Stuart McCall, Scottish footballer and manager
 1964 – Kate Flannery, American actress
 1965 – Elizabeth Hurley, British actress
 1965 - Veronica Ferres, German actress
 1965 - Joey Santiago, Filipino-American musician and songwriter
 1966 – David Platt, English footballer
 1967 - Paul Maskey, Northern Irish politician
 1967 - Heimir Hallgrímsson, Icelandic dentist and football coach
 1968 - Bill Burr, American comedian and writer
 1969 – Ronny Johnsen, Norwegian footballer
 1969 - Helen Young, English television presenter
 1969 - Jane Hill, English television journalist
 1970 - Chris Coleman, Welsh footballer and coach
 1970 - Katsuhiro Harada, Japanese game designer, director and producer
 1971 – Bruno N'Gotty, French footballer
 1971 – Bobby Jindal, American politician, former Governor of Louisiana
 1973 – Faith Evans, American singer
 1974 - Dustin Lance Black, American director, producer and screenwriter
 1974 - Simon Elliott, New Zealand footballer
 1974 - Mohamed Emara, Egyptian footballer
 1975 – Henrik Pedersen, Danish footballer
 1975 - Risto Jussilainen, Finnish ski jumper

From 1976 
 1976 - George Friedrich, Prince of Prussia
 1978 – Shane West, American musician and actor
 1979 - Assi Azar, Israeli television host
 1980 - Wang Yaegu, Singaporean table tennis player
 1980 - Jessica DiCicco, American actress
 1981 – Prince Hashim bin Al Hussein of Jordan
 1981 – Nicky Whelan, Australian actress and model
 1982 - Laleh Pourkarim, Iranian-Swedish singer
 1982 – Princess Madeleine of Sweden
 1982 – Tara Lipinski, American figure skater
 1983 – Leelee Sobieski, American actress
 1983 - Steve von Bergen, Swiss footballer
 1983 - Marion Barber III, American football player
 1985 - Kristina Lundberg, Swedish ice hockey player
 1985 - Kaia Kanepi, Estonian tennis player
 1985 – Vasilis Torosidis, Greek footballer
 1985 – Andy Schleck, Luxembourg cyclist
 1986 - Keith Harkin, Irish singer-songwriter and actor
 1987 – Martin Harnik, Austrian footballer
 1989 – Alexandra Stan, Romanian singer
 1991 - Juan Jesus, Brazilian footballer
 1992 - Kate Upton, American model and actress
 1994 - Annefleur Kalvenhaar, Dutch cyclist (d. 2014)
 1996 - Kristjan Ilves, Estonian skier
 1999 - Blanche, Belgian singer
 2001 – Sasha Obama, daughter of Barack Obama

Deaths

Up to 1900 
 323 BC – Alexander the Great (b. c. 355 BC)
 38 – Julia Drusilla, sister of Caligula (b. 16)
 223 - Liu Bei, Chinese Emperor (b. 161)
 1075 – Ernest, Margrave of Austria (b. 1027)
 1190 – Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (Frederick Barbarossa) (b. 1122)
 1556 – Martin Agricola, German composer (b. 1486)
 1580 – Luis de Camoes, Portuguese poet
 1654 - Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor (b. 1598)
 1680 – Johan Goransson Gyllenstierna, Swedish statesman (b. 1635)
 1692 – Bridget Bishop, English-born alleged witch (b. 1632)
 1776 – Hsinbyushin, Burmese King (b. 1736)
 1799 - Chevalier de Saint-Georges, Caribbean-French violinist, composer and conductor (b. 1745)
 1811 - Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden, German aristocrat (b. 1728)
 1836 – Andre-Marie Ampere, French mathematician (b. 1775)
 1896 – Amelia Dyer, British murderer of babies (b. 1829)
 1898 - Tuone Udaina, Croatian-Italian barber, last speaker of the Dalmatian language
 1899 – Ernest Chausson, French composer (b. 1855)

1901  2000 
 1902 – Jacint Verdaguer, Catalan poet (b. 1845)
 1903 - Luigi Cremona, Italian mathematician, statistician and politician (b. 1830)
 1906 – Richard Seddon, Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1845)
 1918 - Arrigo Boito, Italian composer (b. 1842)
 1923 - Pierre Loti, French soldier and author (b. 1850)
 1924 – Giacomo Matteotti, Italian Socialist politician (b. 1885)
 1926 – Antoni Gaudi, Catalan architect (b. 1852)
 1930 - Adolf von Harnack, German historian and theologian (b. 1851)
 1934 – Frederick Delius, English composer (b. 1862)
 1937 – Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1854)
 1940 – Marcus Garvey, African American publicist and political activist (b. 1887)
 1946 – Jack Johnson, American boxer (b. 1878)
 1949 – Sigrid Undset, Norwegian writer (b. 1882)
 1955 - Margaret Abbott, American golfer (b. 1876)
 1962 - Francisco Bru, Spanish footballer, coach and referee (b. 1885)
 1967 – Spencer Tracy, American actor (b. 1900)
 1974 – Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1900)
 1976 – Adolph Zukor, Hungarian producer (b. 1873)
 1982 – Rainer Werner Fassbinder, German director and actor (b. 1945)
 1988 – Louis L'Amour, American writer (b. 1908)
 1992 - Hachidai Nakamura, Japanese composer and pianist (b. 1931)
 1993 – Les Dawson, English comedian (b. 1934)
 1996 - Jo Van Fleet, American actress (b. 1914)
 1998 – Hammond Innes, English actor (b. 1914)
 2000 – Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (b. 1930)

From 2001 
 2001 - Leila Pahlavi, daughter of Mohammed Reza Pahlavi (b. 1970)
 2002 – John Gotti, American criminal (b. 1940)
 2003 – Bernard Williams, English philosopher (b. 1929)
 2004 – Ray Charles, American singer (b. 1930)
 2004 – Xenophon Zolotas, Greek politician (b. 1904)
 2007 – Laurence Mancuso, American religious leader (b. 1934)
 2008 – Chinghiz Aitmatov, Kyrgyz writer (b. 1928)
 2010 – Ferdinand Oyono, Cameroonian writer (b. 1929)
 2010 – Sigmar Polke, German painter (b. 1941)
 2011 - Patrick Leigh Fermor, British soldier and writer (b. 1915)
 2012 – George Saitoti, Kenyan politician (b. 1945)
 2013 - Enrique Orizaola, Spanish footballer (b. 1922)
 2013 - Barbara Vucanovich, American politician (b. 1921)
 2014 - Gerald Nicholas McAllister, American Anglican prelate (b. 1923)
 2015 - Wolfgang Jeschke, German science fiction writer (b. 1936)
 2015 - Robert Chartoff, American movie producer (b. 1933)
 2016 - Gordie Howe, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1928)
 2016 - Alex Govan, Scottish footballer (b. 1929)
 2016 - Habib, Iranian singer (b. 1952)
 2016 - Mary Feik, American aviatrix (b. 1924)
 2016 - Alexander Gorlov, Russian politician (b. 1931)
 2016 - Gopal Gurung, Nepalese politician and author (b. 1935)
 2016 - Alfred Oftedal Telhaug, Norwegian educator (b. 1934)
 2016 - Giuseppe Virgili, Italian footballer (b. 1935)
 2016 - Christina Grimmie, American singer (b. 1994)
 2017 - Chi Po-lin, Taiwanese photographer and director (b. 1964)
 2017 - Austin Deasy, Irish politician (b. 1936)
 2017 - Samuel V. Wilson, American army general (b. 1923)
 2017 - Helen Freedhoff, Canadian theoretical physicist (b. 1940)
 2018 - Neal E. Boyd, American pop singer and reality show contestant (b. 1975)
 2018 - Liliana Ross, Italian-Chilean actress (b. 1939)
 2019 - Girish Karnad, Indian actor, writer and director (b. 1938)
 2019 - Lee Hee-ho, First Lady of South Korea (b. 1922)
 2019 - Crazy Mohan, Indian comedian, actor and screenwriter (b. 1952)
 2019 - Paul "Lil' Buck" Sinegal, American guitarist and singer-songwriter (b. 1944)
 2019 - Wang Jun, Chinese business executive (b. 1941)

Observances 
 Day of Camoes, Portugal Day (Portugal)
 Reconciliation Day (Republic of the Congo)
 Army Day (Jordan)
 Abolition Day (French Guiana)

Days of the year