cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Neosho (; originally is the most populous city in Newton County, Missouri, United States, which it serves as the county seat. With a population of 11,835 as of the 2010 census, the city is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area, a region with an estimated 176,849 (2011) residents. Neosho lies on the western edge of the Ozarks. The cost of living in Neosho is low at about 9.9% less than the Missouri average and 17.9% less than the national average.

History 
The name "Neosho" is generally accepted to be of Native American origin. It may be Osage language and means "clear, cold water", referring to local freshwater springs. The springs attracted several cultures of Native American inhabitants for thousands of years.  It was also attracted the later white settlers. The city was founded in 1833. It was incorporated. Nicknamed "City of Springs", Neosho has long served as an agricultural center. Since 1888, it is the home of the Neosho National Fish Hatchery, the oldest in the National Fish Hatchery System. It is known locally as the "Gateway to the Ozarks".

References 

Cities in Missouri
County seats in Missouri
1839 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Missouri
Blenio is a municipality in the district of Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

It was created on 22 October 2006 when the former municipalities of Aquila, Campo (Blenio), Ghirone, Olivone and Torre merged to form the new municipality of Blenio.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
2006 establishments in Switzerland
Mersch () is a commune and town in central Luxembourg, capital of the canton of Mersch.

Geography
Mersch is in the centre of the country, at the confluence of the Alzette, Mamer and Eisch rivers.

The commune has an area of . The altitude is  high. The altitude at the railway station is  high.

Mersch is surrounded by ten communes of Luxembourg; nine of them are part of the Mersch canton. Only the Kehlen commune is not part of the Mersch canton; it is part of the Capellen canton.

Population
There were 9,195 persons living in the commune in 2017, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Other towns within the communes are Beringen, Berschbach, Moesdorf, Pettingen, Reckange, Rollingen and Schoenfels.

Evolution of the population in Mersch

Places of interest
The Mersch castle is one of the castles that are in the Valley of the Seven Castles. It is in the centre of the town and its history goes back to the 13th century. Today the castle houses the administrative offices of the commune.

Some  north of Mersch is the Pettingen Castle, in the village of Pettingen; it is one of the best preserved fortified castles in the country.

Gallery

Related pages
 Cantons of Luxembourg
 Communes of Luxembourg
 List of cities in Luxembourg

Notes

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Communes in Luxembourg
Redange or Redange-sur-Attert (, German: Redingen) is a commune and town in western Luxembourg, near the border with Belgium. It is the capital of the canton of Redange.

Geography
Redange is in the valley on the Attert river, a tributary of the Alzette. It is on the border of the two natural regions of Luxembourgː the Oesling to the north and the Gutland.

The area of the commune is . The altitude is  high. The altitude at the church is  high.

Redange is surrounded by five communes of Luxembourg, all of them part of the Redange cantonː Rambrouch, Préizerdaul, Useldange, Beckerich and Ell.

Population
There were 2,795 persons living in the commune in 2017, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Other towns within the commune are Lannen, Nagem, Niederpallen, Ospern and Reichlange.

Evolution of the population in Redange

Gallery

Related pages
 Cantons of Luxembourg
 Communes of Luxembourg
 List of cities in Luxembourg

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Communes in Luxembourg
Wiksott-Aldrich syndrome is an inherited immune disease that happens in males. It causes eczema (a type of skin inflammation), a smaller number of platelets (blood cells that help prevent bleeding), and frequent bacterial infections. People with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome have a higher risk of developing leukemia and lymphoma.

References 

Diseases
Courtelary is the capital of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Crémines is a municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Bern
Villages in Bern
Därligen is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 

Municipalities of Bern
Därstetten is a municipality of the administrative district of Frutigen-Niedersimmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Deisswil bei Münchenbuchsee is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Bern
Sunga Empire was founded by Pushyamitra Sunga who betrayed his master Brihadratha Maurya and defeated him in a war. He killed the Mauryan emperor and destroyed the Mauryan empire completely. Its capital was Pataliputra. Pushyamitra Shunga ruled for 36 years and was succeeded by his son Agnimitra. There were ten Shunga rulers. But after Agnimitra's death, the empire begun to broke up. 

The dynasty is noted for its numerous wars with both foreign and native powers (empires).They fought against the Kalinga, the Satavahana dynasty, the Indo-Greek Kingdom and possibly the Panchalas and Mathuras.

Art, education, philosophy, and other forms of learning flourished (developed) during this period.Patanjali's Mahābhāṣya was composed in this period.The Kanva dynasty succeeded the Shungas around 73 BCE.

List of Shunga Emperors

Reference 

Dynasties in India
Shunga Empire
In legal use, an "issue" means a point disputed by parties to a lawsuit. Legal issue may also refer to either a person's lineal descendants or a group of securities offered for sale. An issue of law is a question of how a law is applied rather than a question of fact.

Disputed Point
evidence as well as civil and criminal procedure, there are issues of fact. Issues of fact are presented by statements of fact which are each put to a test: Is the statement true or false?

Often, different parties have conflicting statements of fact. These statements are then presented as alternative questions. The justifications are presented by proposing evidence in favor or in opposition. Formally the issues follow the form of "this statement is true and it is true because... (or it is false because) ... ".

The list of issues is the list of the questions the parties request the court to answer.  The court's answers usually must be provided before a legally acceptable date and the court should give reason when it decides not to answer any of them. Plaintiffs as well as defendants sometimes do not present their issues according to these due process premises. It is then the court that must decide the probable statements of fact and assume what is in need of legal answers.

References 

Legal terms
The Supreme Court of Missouri, is the state supreme court and the highest court in the state of Missouri. It was established in 1820 and is located in Jefferson City, Missouri.  Missouri voters have approved changes in the state's constitution to give the Supreme Court the sole legal power to hear five types of cases on appeal. Per Article V, Section 3 of the Constitution of Missouri, these cases involve:

The validity of a United States statute or treaty.
The validity of a Missouri statute or constitutional provision.
The state's revenue laws.
Challenges to a statewide elected official's right to hold office.
Anytime the death penalty is imposed.

Unless their case involves one of those five issues, people who want a trial court's decision reviewed must appeal to the Missouri Court of Appeals. Most of these cases involve routine legal questions and end there.  The Court of Appeals is divided geographically into the "Eastern District", "Western District" and "Southern District".

Certain cases may be transferred to the Supreme Court at the Court's own discretion. These include cases of general interest or importance. They look at cases where the laws should be re-examined. They also review cases that the lower court's decision conflicts with an earlier appellate decision. This is similar to the process the United States Supreme Court uses in accepting cases. In addition, the Court of Appeals may transfer a case to the Supreme Court after an opinion is issued. This can be either upon request of one of the parties or at the request of one of the judges on the appellate court.

History 
In 1820, when it was first established, there were three judges on the Supreme Court. In 1872 the number was increased to five judges. In 1890, the court was increased again to its present size of seven judges.

In 1890, the court was divided into two divisions. This allowed it to handle more cases and make quicker decisions. In 1976, the two divisions were eliminated by a constitutional amendment. The court now rules on cases En banc (all judges together) so decisions are made by the entire court.

Judicial selection
Judges of the court are selected through the nonpartisan plan, nationally known as the Missouri Plan. Under the plan, the Appellate Judicial Commission submits the names of three nominees to the Governor. If the Governor fails to make an appointment with 60 days of the nominees being named, the Commission shall make the appointment. Once the judge has served for at least a year, he or she is placed on the general election ballot for vote of the people to keep their seat. If retained, judges serve a term of 12 years. The constitution requires that all judges retire by age 70.

References 

Courts (law)
Brihadratha Maurya was the last ruler of the Maurya Empire. He was the ruler from 187 BC-180 BC. He was killed by his general Pushyamitra Sunga in 180 BC.

During his rule, the Mauryan Empire got smaller. Using this, his general Pushyamitra Sunga defeated Brihadratha with a huge army. Brihadratha Maurya died in the war. After his death, Pushyamitra Sunga founded the Sunga dynasty controlling the Mauryan territories.

Emperors and empresses
Indian monarchs
Pushyamitra Sunga is the founder of the Sunga dynasty in 180BCE by defeating the Mauryan army. He was the general of Mauryan emperor Brihadratha Maurya.

Later defeated and killed his master in a war. He proclaimed himself king. His dynasty replaced the Mauryan empire. He performed ashvamedha yaga and brought most of the North India under him.

He ruled until his death in 149 BCE.

149 BC deaths
Indian monarchs
Shunga Empire
"Luxurious" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, Love. Angel. Music. Baby. (2004). Written by Stefani and Tony Kanal, Luxurious contains a sample of The Isley Brothers' 1983 song "Between the Sheets". The remix features rapper Slim Thug.

Track listings
European and Canadian CD single
"Luxurious" (Album Version) – 4:24
"Luxurious" (Remix featuring Slim Thug) [Radio Edit] – 4:04

European CD maxi single and Australian CD single
"Luxurious" (Album Version) – 4:24
"Luxurious" (Remix featuring Slim Thug) [Radio Edit] – 4:04
"Cool" (Richard X Remix) – 6:37
"Luxurious" (Video) – 4:06

US 12" single
A1. "Luxurious" (Remix featuring Slim Thug) – 4:22
A2. "Luxurious" (Album Version) – 4:24
B1. "Luxurious" (A Cappella) – 3:42
B2. "Luxurious" (Instrumental) – 4:24

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Love. Angel. Music. Baby.

 

 Gwen Stefani – lead vocals, songwriting
 Chipz – programming
 Greg Collins – recording
 Sheldon Conrich – keyboards
 Brian "Big Bass" Gardner – mastering
 GMR – French spoken word
 Simon Gogerly – programming, recording
 Lee Groves – mix programming
 Rob Haggett – second assistant engineer
 Nellee Hooper – production

 Tony Kanal – keyboards, production, programming, songwriting, synthesizers
 Jason Lader – additional engineering, programming
 Aidan Love – programming
 Kevin Mills – assistant engineering
 Colin "Dog" Mitchell – recording
 Ian Rossiter – assistant engineering
 Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing
 David Treahearn – assistant engineering

Charts

References

2004 songs
Gwen Stefani songs
Hip hop songs
Hip hop soul songs
R&B songs
Jocelyn Bjorn Lovell (19 July 1950 – 3 June 2016) was a Canadian cyclist. He was known in the track and road cycling field. He was active in the 1970s and early 1980s. He won many of national titles as well as gold medals at the Commonwealth Games and Pan American Games. He competed at three Olympic Games.

His greatest success came at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton where he won three gold medals in Games record times. Later that year he won a silver medal at the world championships.

He continued to race as an amateur into the early 1980s. However, on 4 August 1983 when he was involved in a collision with a dump truck while training. The truck hit him from behind and broke his neck and pelvis. He permanently became a quadriplegic. In 1985, he was inducted into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame.

References

Other websites
PDF of a St. Michael's College article, Fall 2008 article discussing Flying Fathers hockey team also mentions Jocelyn Lovell's crash.

1950 births
2016 deaths
1968 Summer Olympics
1972 Summer Olympics
1976 Summer Olympics
Canadian Olympians
Canadian cyclists
People from Norwich
Sportspeople from Norfolk
Sten Lundin (20 November 1931 – 3 June 2016) was a Swedish professional motocross racer. He won the F.I.M. 500cc Motocross World Championship in 1959 riding a Monark. In the 1960 world championship, he finished in second place, two points behind Bill Nilsson. Lundin was also a member of the victorious Swedish team at the 1955 Motocross des Nations.

References

Other websites
 Sten Lundin and his championship winning motorcycle
 1963 Monark 500 at the Motorcycle Hall of Fame
 British Pathé Newsreel film Lundin victory at 1961 International Motocross race in Oberstorf, Germany

1931 births
2016 deaths
Swedish sportspeople
Vitaliy Andriiovych Masol (; November 14, 1928 – September 21, 2018) was a Ukrainian politician. He was Prime Minister of Ukraine from 1994 to 1995. He was confirmed as Prime Minister on June 16, 1994 and resigned from that post on March 1, 1995.

Masol died on September 21, 2018 in Kyiv, aged 89.

References

1928 births
2018 deaths
Communist politicians
Prime Ministers of Ukraine
The Radical Republicans were a political faction of American politicians within the Republican Party. They existed from 1854 until the end of Reconstruction in 1877. They called themselves "radicals". They were opposed during the War by the Moderate Republicans (led by Abraham Lincoln). One of the fears of the radicals was that if Northern and Southern Democrats came back together again as they had before the Civil War the Republican party would no longer be the dominant political party.

History 
In 1854, the Republican party was formed as a result of the Kansas–Nebraska Act. The act split the Whig Party in two. The Northern Whigs united with the members of the Free Soil Party. Together with the Know-Nothing Party they formed the Republican Party. 
Between its formation in 1854 and 1861, the Republican Party had many different factions or groups. It attracted been Whigs, Anti-Slavery Democrats, Know-Nothings, and Abolitionists, but by the start of the Civil War it had been reduced to just three factions: conservatives, moderates and radicals.

The Republicans generally opposed slavery. At first, many opposed giving African Americans equal rights when and if slavery ended. Radical Republicans believed they should be given equal rights and have the same opportunities as white people. They also wanted the leaders of the Confederate States of America to be punished for any part they played in the Civil War. Many Radical Republicans believed blacks were entitled to the same political rights and opportunities as whites. They also believed that the Confederate leaders should be punished for their roles in the Civil War.

Notes

References 

Political movements
1850s in the United States
1860s in the United States
1870s in the United States
Robert George "Bob" Uecker ( ; born January 26, 1934) is a retired American Major League Baseball player, later a sportscaster, comedian and actor. Uecker is also known as "Mr. Baseball". Since 1971, Uecker has served as a play-by-play announcer for Milwaukee Brewers radio broadcasts. 

Uecker is a member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame as a 2003 recipient of the Ford C. Frick Award for his broadcasting career.

References

Other websites
 
 WWE Hall of Fame profile
 Baseball Hall of Fame - Frick Award recipient 
 
 Bob Uecker Quotes
 Bob Uecker interview on OnMilwaukee.com

1934 births
Living people
Milwaukee Braves players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Atlanta Braves players
Comedians from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Sportspeople from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Actors from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
Capellen (, ) is a town in the commune of Mamer, in south-western Luxembourg,  west of Luxembourg City.

Despite not having a commune named after it, Capellen gives its name to the canton of Capellen.

History
Capellen lies on the old Roman road, today's Kiemwee, from Trier in Germany to Reims and Paris.

When Luxembourg was divided into cantons in 1840, as a result of disputes between Mamer and Koerich, it was decided that the canton should be named Capellen and that Capellen should become the capital of the canton.

Geography
Capellen has an area of . The altitude at the church is  high.

Population
There were 1,677, persons living in the commune in 2015, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

References

Related pages
 Cantons of Luxembourg
 Communes of Luxembourg
 List of cities in Luxembourg

Other websites

 Commune of Mamer official website 

Settlements in Luxembourg
Charles Sturt University is a large university that has multiple campuses around the world.  The university has campuses at Bathurst, Canberra, Albury-Wodonga, Dubbo, Goulburn, Orange, Port Macquarie, Wagga Wagga and Burlington, Ontario (Canada).

References

1989 establishments in Australia
Colleges and universities in Australia
The Red Fort (Lal Qila) is a monument built in 1638 that rises  above Old Delhi. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. The fort is located in what is now the centre of Delhi, India. It is made of red stone and marble. It was built on the right bank of the Yamuna River. 

The Red Fort was originally referred to as "Qila-i-Mubarak" (the blessed fort), because it was the residence of the royal family. The layout of the Red Fort was organised to keep and integrate this site with the Salimgarh Fort. The planning and aesthetics of the Red Fort represent the high point in Mughal creativity which happened during the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan. This Fort has had many additions after its construction by Emperor Shah Jahan. It is a World Heritage Site. it is made out of red sandstone.

References 
 

World Heritage Sites in India
Palaces
1638 establishments
17th-century establishments in India
Umerkot is a town in Umerkot district of Sindh Province in Pakistan. The town is famous because the great Mughal emperor Akbar the Great born here in 14 October 1542 when Emperor Humayun fled to escape from Sher Shah Suri. The excellent artistic tourist spot of Umerkot Fort where Emperor Akbar born is here. The town is well connected with Karachi and Hyderabad

Towns in Pakistan
Hanuman Jayanthi is a festival in India. It is the birthday of Hanuman, the Vanara god who looks like a monkey. It is celebrated on the 15th day of Chitra Pournami. It is an important festival of the Hindus. Hanuman is the symbol of strength, energy and devotion. He is worshipped as a deity with supreme powers and conquer evil spirits.

Festivals in Asia
Hindu festivals
Ondrej Duda (born on 5 December 1994 in Snina, Slovakia) is a Slovak association football midfielder who currently plays for the Polish club Legia Warsaw and the Slovakia national football team. He played for VSS Košice from 2012 to 2014. His nicknames are Dudinho and Ondrej di Maria.

References

Other websites 
MFK Košice profile 
Ondrej Duda profile at Soccerway

1994 births
Living people
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Slovak footballers
Diemerswil is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Bern
Begum Jan is a doctor from South Waziristan, Pakistan. In 2008 she received the International Women of Courage Award. Jan cares for women and children in Pakistan's dangerous tribal areas.

Life 

When Jan was a child, she studied with boys, because there was no school for girls.  When the tribal leaders said she could not go to high school with boys, she studied with a tutor.  She went to medical school in Jalalabad, Afghanistan.

Work 

Jan worked at Pakistan Red Crescent.  She worked with women and children at a mental hospital. She also worked with Afghan refugees. Jan started the Tribal Women Welfare Association.

References  

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Physicians
Pakistani scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Diemtigen is a municipality of the administrative district Frutigen-Niedersimmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website of Diemtigen 
 

Municipalities of Bern
Nibal Thawabteh (Arabic language نبال ثوابتة) is a Palestinian political activist. In 2009 she received the International Women of Courage Award. During her speech at the ceremony, she spoke for the Palestinian people and asked the world to listen to the Palestinian women.

Work 
Thawabteh was the first woman to be elected to the Beit Fajjar Village Council.  Beit Fajjar is a village near Bethlehem. She also helped other women get seats in the Village Council. Thawabteh started a monthly newspaper to write about subjects like honor killing, polygamy, and poverty.

Thawabteh is the director of the Media Development Center at Birzeit University in Birzeit, Palestine, near Ramallah.

References  

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Palestinian politicians
Political activists
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Ashley Michele Greene (born February 21, 1987) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Alice Cullen in the Twilight Saga movies.

Early life 
Greene was born in Jacksonville, Florida. Her mother is Michele Greene (née Tatum), who works in insurance, and Joe Greene, a former U.S. Marine who now owns a concrete business. She grew up in Middleburg and Jacksonville. She moved to Los Angeles, California, at the age of 17 to pursue an acting career. Greene has an older brother named Joe.

Career 
At first, she planned to become a model. Her manager told her that she was not tall enough to be a fashion model and that she should act in commercials instead. After taking commercial and acting classes, she realized that she liked acting more than modeling. Greene graduated from high school early and moved to L.A. to start her acting career.

Acting 
Early in her career, she had guest roles on television programs, such as Punk'd and Crossing Jordan. In 2008, she had an important role in the movie Twilight, which was based on the novel of the same name by Stephenie Meyer. She played the character Alice Cullen. She was also in the sequels to Twilight: The Twilight Saga: New Moon (2009), The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2010), The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1 (2011), and The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2 (2012).

Greene played Michelle Burkham in the drama movie Skateland (2010).

She acted in the movie A Warrior's Heart with Kellan Lutz, who was also in Twilight.

Greene acted along with Miley Cyrus and Demi Moore in the drama movie LOL (2012).

In 2013, Greene was in the historical film  CBGB about the former Manhattan music club with the same name.

Modeling 
In 2010, Greene did modeling for an advertisement by the company SoBe. In this advertisement, she wore body paint. Later the same year, Greene became the main model for the Mark brand of cosmetics. This brand is made by the company Avon.

Greene received an award from the PETA foundation because of her work with Avon, which does not do animal testing. She also received the "The Style Icon Award" from the magazine Hollywood Life at the Young Hollywood Awards.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Music videos

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 

 

1987 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Florida
Diessbach bei Büren is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Bern
Bévilard is a municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Bévilard, Malleray and Pontenet into the new municipality of Valbirse.

Former municipalities of Bern
2015 disestablishments in Switzerland
Diesse is a former municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Diesse, Lamboing and Prêles merged into the new municipality of Plateau de Diesse.

Former municipalities of Bern
Aesch is a municipality of the district Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Popular sovereignty was a political doctrine in the United States that held that the people who lived in a state or region should decide what kind of government or laws they should have. Popular sovereignty allowed settlers of a territory to decide for themselves on the question of slavery without any interference from the federal government. During 19th century it was a compromise used to determine if a western territory or new state would accept or reject slavery within its borders. 

It was first promoted in the 1840s. Stephen A. Douglas, one of the sponsors of the Kansas–Nebraska Act inserted it in the new law as a measure to balance slave and free states.  Abraham Lincoln was one of those who did not agree. He thought Congress should regulate federal territories. The act was passed but popular sovereignty proved to have deadly consequences. When Kansas was being considered for statehood, there was a rush by both people who were for and against slavery to go to Kansas and vote on the issue of slavery. This resulted in a great deal of fraud and violence. It led directly to Bleeding Kansas, the bloody border war over slavery.

References 

Legal terms
19th century in the United States
Bleeding Kansas
Origins of the American Civil War
Avegno Gordevio is a new municipality of the district Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It was created on 20 April 2008 when the municipalities of Avegno and Gordevio joined together to become Avegno Gordevio.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

2008 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Ticino
"Cool" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, Love. Angel. Music. Baby. (2004). Written by Stefani and Dallas Austin, the song was released on July 5, 2005 as the album's fourth single. The song was compared to early music by Madonna, Cyndi Lauper and Janet Jackson.

Music video
Cools music video was directed by Sophie Muller and  was filmed in Lake Como, Italy. The video features flashbacks of Stefani with brunette hair.

Track listings

CD single
"Cool" (album version) – 3:09
"Cool" (Photek Remix) – 5:49

CD maxi single
"Cool" (album version) – 3:09
"Cool" (Photek Remix) – 5:49
"Hollaback Girl" (Dancehollaback Remix by Tony Kanal featuring Elan) – 6:53
"Cool" (video) – 4:06

12" single
A1. "Cool" (Richard X Remix) – 6:37
A2. "Cool" (Richard X Dub Mix) – 7:10
B1. "Cool" (Photek DJ Mix) – 6:34
B2. "Cool" (Photek Remix) – 5:49

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Love. Angel. Music. Baby.

 Gwen Stefani – lead vocals, songwriting
 Dallas Austin – drums, keyboards, production, songwriting
 Greg Collins – recording
 Brian "Big Bass" Gardner – mastering
 Caesar Guevara – assistant engineering
 Rob Haggett – second assistant engineer
 Doug Harms – assistant engineering
 Nellee Hooper – additional production

 Tony Kanal – synthesizer
 Jason Lader – programming
 Kevin Mills – assistant engineering
 Tony Reyes – bass guitar, Line 6 guitar
 Paul Sheehy – assistant engineering
 Rick Sheppard – MIDI, recording, sound design
 Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing
 David Treahearn – assistant engineering

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

References

2004 songs
2005 songs
Gwen Stefani songs
Pop songs
New wave
R&B songs
The 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting was a major incident inside Pulse, a gay bar and nightclub in Orlando, Florida. It happened on June 12, 2016.

More than fifty people, including the shooter, were killed in the massacre. It was the deadliest homophobic attack on LGBT people in United States history. It was the deadliest attack in the U.S. since the September 11, 2001 attacks.

The gunman was Omar Mir Seddique Mateen.

Incident

According to law enforcement officials, at an unknown time before the shooting, Mateen called the police and pledged himself to the leader of ISIS.

At about 2:00 a.m. EDT, Mateen fired shots inside the nightclub. He was armed with a rifle, a handgun, and a "device". Mateen then left the club briefly and exchanged gunfire with a police officer outside, before returning inside to take hostages. Pulse posted on its Facebook page at 2:09 EDT, saying "Everyone get out of pulse and keep running".

Reactions

United States

Florida governor Rick Scott described the incident as "clearly an act of terror", and declared a state of emergency.

In a broadcast statement made at around 2:00 p.m. from the White House, President Barack Obama described the shooting as an "act of terror" and an "act of hate". He mentioned that he has directed the Federal Bureau of Investigation to investigate the shooting as an act of terrorism, and that the full resources of the federal government would be made available.

References

2016 mass shootings
2016 murders in the United States
Nightclub shooting
2010s mass shootings in the United States
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2016
Attacks on buildings and structures in the United States
Attacks on nightclubs
Islamic State
Islamic terrorist incidents in the United States
June 2016 events
Mass murder in 2016
Mass murder in Florida
Massacres in the United States
Murders by firearm in Florida
Terrorist incidents in 2016
Molokhia or Mulukhiyah (various spellings based on the ) is a soupy vegetable dish. It is made from leaves of Corchorus olitorius, commonly known as Nalta jute, tossa jute, and Jew's mallow.  It is commonly served in the eastern Mediterranean area, the Levant and North Africa.

References 

Vegetables
Soups
Dürrenroth is a municipality of the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of Dürrenroth 

Municipalities of Bern
Arkadiusz "Arek" Milik (born 28 February 1994 in Tychy, Poland) is a Polish association football forward who currently plays for the French club Olympique de Marseille (on loan from SSC Napoli) and the Poland national football team. He has also played for AFC Ajax, Rozwój Katowice, Górnik Zabrze, Bayer 04 Leverkusen and FC Augsburg.

Other websites 

 Voetbal International profile 
 Arkadiusz Milik profile on Soccerway
 Arkadiusz Milik profile on 91minut

References 

1994 births
Polish footballers
Living people
Vasili Vladimirovich Berezutski (Russiann: Василий Владимирович Березуцкий; born on born 20 June 1982 in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian association football defender who currently plays for the Russian club PFC CSKA Moscow and the Russia national football team. He played for Torpedo-ZIL from 1999 to 2001 as well. He sometimes plays as a defensive winger or midfielder. He has an identical twin who also plays for CSKA Moscow, Aleksei.

Other websites 
Vasili Berezutski  at CSKA Moscow official website
Vasili Berezutski profile on Soccerway

References 

1982 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Russian footballers
Sportspeople from Moscow
Twin people
UEFA Euro 2008 players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
"Crash" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, Love. Angel. Music. Baby. (2004). Written by Stefani and No Doubt bandmate Tony Kanal, the song uses car metaphors to describe a relationship. Many music critics compared the song to music made by American female rap group Salt-n-Pepa.

Music video
Unlike the previous singles released from the Love. Angel. Music. Baby. album, "Crash" was the only song not to feature an actual music video, a live performance from the Harajuku Lovers Tour was used instead, this was mainly because Stefani was pregnant with her first child.

Track listings
US 12" promotional single
A1. "Crash" (Album Version) – 4:06
B1. "Crash" (Instrumental) – 4:05
B2. "Crash" (A Cappella) – 4:06

European promotional CD single
"Crash" (Album Version) – 4:06

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Love. Angel. Music. Baby.

 Gwen Stefani – lead vocals, songwriting
 Brian "Big Bass" Gardner – mastering
 Lee Groves – keyboards, mix programming
 Rob Haggett – second assistant engineer
 Tony Kanal – keyboards, production, programming, songwriting, synthesizers
 Colin "Dog" Mitchell – recording
 Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing
 David Treahearn – assistant engineering

Charts

Release history

References

2004 songs
Gwen Stefani songs
Hip hop songs
Electro songs
R&B songs
Eggiwil is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Eggiwil 
 

Municipalities of Bern
Epsach is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Bern
The Our (pronunciation [u:r]) is a river in Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany. It is a left-hand tributary of the Sauer river, and so it is part of the drainage basin of the Rhine river.

Geography
The Our river has a length of . Of that length,  are in Luxemboug Its drainage basin has an area of .

The source of the Our is in southeastern Belgium. It is near Manderfeld in the Büllingen municipality,  Liège province. It is at an altitude of about .

The river flows southwards, more or less along the German-Belgian  border and, after Ouren, along the German-Luxembourg border. The historic town of Vianden lies on the Our.

The Our joins, as a left tributary, the Sauer river in Wallendorf in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, at about  of altitude.

North of Viande, the river is blocked by the Our Dam.

Main tributaries 
The tributaries of the Our river with length over 5 km are:
 Left tributaries
 Auw - 5.9 km
 Ihrenbach - 15.9 km
 Irsen - 35.5 km
 Teggelbach - 5.0 km
 Right tributaries
 Medenderbach - 7.5 km
 Kolvenderbach -8.7 km
 Weberbach - 6.1 km
 Braunlauf - 17.8 km
 Ulf - 17.8 km

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of Belgium
 List of rivers of Germany
 List of rivers of Luxembourg

References 

Geography of Rhineland-Palatinate
Rivers of Belgium
Rivers of Germany
Rivers of Luxembourg
Wallonia
Liège (province)
Carsington Water is a massive reservoir operated by Severn Trent Water.

It is England's ninth largest reservoir with a capacity of 35,412 megaliters. Planning for the reservoir started in the 1960s with actual construction staring in 1979. In 1984 there was a partial collapse of the dam.

Water infrastructure
England
Bodies of water
Eriswil is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official website of Eriswil 

Municipalities of Bern
Erlach () is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Bern
Cities in Switzerland
Erlenbach im Simmental is a municipality of the administrative district Frutigen-Niedersimmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Bern
Ersigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Oberösch and Niederösch merged into the municipality of Ersigen.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Eschert is a municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Bern
Etzelkofen was a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne,
Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Etzelkofen, Büren zum Hof, Grafenried, Limpach, Mülchi, Schalunen and Zauggenried merged into the municipality of Fraubrunnen.

Former municipalities of Bern
Free-Staters were those settlers in Kansas Territory during the Bleeding Kansas era in the 1850s who opposed the extension of slavery to Kansas. The name came from the term "free state". This meant a U.S. state without slavery.

Some Free-Staters were abolitionists from New England. Other Free-Staters were abolitionists who came to Kansas Territory from Ohio, Iowa, and other midwestern states. However, the majority of Free-Staters, regardless of where they were from, did not claim to be abolitionists at the beginning.  Instead, the official Free-State line supported the idea of excluding all Black people from the state of Kansas. While they didn't have slaves themselves most were prejudiced against black people believing the popular idea they were inferior. Most of the settlers seemed to want free soil for white people only.

Pro-slavery Southerners in Kansas Territory said all Free-Staters were abolitionists. This was in order to motivate the South's opposition. However, Eli Thayer and other New England Company leaders denied that they were seeking to abolish slavery. Also, the failed Topeka Constitution drafted by the Free-Staters in 1855 would have excluded any black person from settling in Kansas. This is whether they were slaves or free. In contrast, abolitionists wanted equal rights for all blacks and to end discrimination against them.

As time passed and the violence in Bleeding Kansas increased, abolitionists became associated with the Free-State movement. In 1858, the Free-Staters proposed a second constitution, the Leavenworth Constitution, which banned slavery and also would have given the right to vote to black men. This constitution also failed because of unresolved conflict between the two sides. Kansas became a state in 1861 after the fourth and final Wyandotte Constitution was agreed on.  Holton, Kansas was named for the Milwaukee, Wisconsin free-stater Edward Dwight Holton.

References 

Political movements
1850s in Kansas
Bleeding Kansas
Evilard is a municipality in the administrative district Biel/Bienne in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Fahrni is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Bern
Farnern is a municipality of the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Graziano Pellè (born 15 July 1985 in San Cesario di Lecce, Italy) is an Italian association football forward who currently plays for the English club Southampton and the Italian national football team. He has also played for U.S. Lecce, Calcio Catania, Crotone, Cesena, AZ Alkmaar, Parma Football Club SpA, U.C. Sampdoria and Feyenoord. He won the Eredivisie with AZ Alkmaar in 2009 and was Premier League Player of the Month in September of 2014.

Other websites 
Stats at Lega Serie A  
National team data  
Voetbal International profile

References 

1985 births
Living people
Italian footballers
People from Apulia
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Farhiyo Farah Ibrahim (Arabic language: فرحيو فرح إبراهيم) is a Somali refugee and women’s rights activist.  She fights against female genital mutilation and forced marriage in the Dadaab refugee camp in north-east Kenya. In 2008, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

In 2002 Farah went to work for the National Council of Churches in Kenya, teaching people about reproductive health. After she was attacked, she took a job as an interpreter in Dadaab.

In 2005 Farah went to a leadership program in the town of Naivasha in Western Kenya.  Then she worked for CARE, giving people information about reproductive health.  CARE is an international NGO that helps refugees.

References

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Somalia
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Human rights activists
Geh with upturn (Ґ, ґ) is the fifth letter of the Ukrainian alphabet. It can also be used in the Belarusian language. This letter means the sound [g] in both languages, "Г" meaning the sound [h]. Firstly this letter appeared in the middle of the 19th century.
"Serious" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, Love. Angel. Music. Baby. (2004). The track was written by Stefani and her Doubt bandmate, Tony Kanal. Kanal also produced the song with Mark "Spike" Stent. Serious had been compared to Madonnas early music by Enrique Peña Nieto.

Music video 
A music video was made for the song, but the video was never officially released. Sophie Muller directed the music video. The music video features Stefani and the Harajuku Girls dancing on various rooftops throughout Los Angeles. A minute long clip of the music video was uploaded onto YouTube on October 13, 2006.

Credits and personnel 
Management
 Recorded at Kingsbury Studios, Los Feliz, California
 Mixed at The Mix Suite, Olympic Studios, London, England

Personnel

 Gwen Stefani – lead vocals, songwriting
 Lee Groves - keyboards, programming, mixing
 Rob Haggett - assistant engineering, mixing
 Tony Kanal - keyboards, production, programming, synthesizer

 Colin "Dog" Mitchell - additional recording
 Mark "Spike" Stent - production, mixing
 David Treahearn – assistant engineering, mixing

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Love. Angel. Music. Baby.

References 

2004 songs
Gwen Stefani songs
Dance-pop songs
New wave
R&B songs
"Long Way to Go" is a song by American singer-songwriter Gwen Stefani with American rapper André 3000. The song appears as the closing track on Stefani's debut studio album, Love. Angel. Music. Baby. (2004). It was released on November 23, 2004 by Interscope Records. The track was written by both Stefani and 3000. The song also includes a sample from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s 1963 "I Have a Dream" speech.

Background 

"Long Way to Go" was originally recorded in 2003 during recording sessions for both of Stefani and 3000's then upcoming studio albums. André 3000's original version of the song had Stefani as a featured artist and he originally recorded for the Outkasts The Love Below album. Writing and production 
Lyrically, Long Way to Go is about prejudices against dating someone from a different race. The line, "When snow hits the asphalt / Cold looks and bad talk come" is used as a metaphor for the nasty comments people receive when dating someone of the opposite race. Long Way to Go also includes a sample from Martin Luther King, Jr.s 1963 "I Have a Dream" speech. Long Way to Go was written by Stefani and 3000 and was also produced by 3000.

 Track listings and formats 
 US Digital download
 "Long Way to Go" (with André 3000) – 

 Interscope Records Sampler
A1 "Rich Girl" (featuring Eve) – 
A2 "Hollaback Girl" – 
A3 "Bubble Pop Electric" (featuring Johnny Vulture) – 
B1 "Long Way to Go" (with André 3000) – 
B2 "Harajuku Girls" – 
B3 "Cool" – 

 Credits and personnel 
Management
 Recorded at Stankonia Recording, Atlanta; Larabee Sound Studio East, Los Angeles; and Soundcastle Studios, Los Angeles.

Personnel

 Gwen Stefani – lead vocals, songwriting
 André Benjamin – keyboards, lead vocals, mixing, production, songwriting
 Warren Bletcher – assistant engineering
 Greg Collins – mixing
 CutMaster Swiff – cuts
 Nick Ferrero – assistant engineering
 John Frye – additional recording

 Kevin Kendricks – keyboards, piano
 Martin Luther King, Jr. – additional songwriting
 Kevin Mills – assistant engineering
 Pete Novak – additional recording
 Glenn Pittman – assistant engineering
 Sean Tallman – assistant engineering

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Love. Angel. Music. Baby.''

References

2004 songs
Gwen Stefani songs
Hip hop songs
Electro songs
R&B songs
Ferenbalm () is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Bern
Forst-Längenbühl is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2007 the former municipalities of Forst and Längenbühl merged into the new municipality of Forst-Längenbühl.

References

2000s establishments in Switzerland
2007 establishments in Europe
Municipalities of Bern
Fraubrunnen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Büren zum Hof, Etzelkofen, Grafenried, Limpach, Mülchi, Schalunen and Zauggenried merged into the municipality of Fraubrunnen.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Bern
Frauenkappelen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Bern
The Plains Indians were those tribes of Native Americans who lived on the Great Plains of North America. At the height of their cultures, their main source of food was the large herds of American bison. Hunting was not only the main activity of Plains Indians but was a central part of their religion.Their thinking and culture was formed from the natural environment they lived in. Up to the 1500s, tribes lived on the edges of the Great Plains. They were farmers and hunter-gatherers. From autumn to spring they raised crops. During the summers they went out onto the Great Plains to hunt bison on foot.

Juan de Oñate and other conquistadores brought horses, which changed the way the Plains Indians hunted. They quickly adapted to hunting bison on horseback as nomadic hunters. It began with the Apache who stole horses from the Spaniards. Horses also escaped into the wild. The Comanche soon followed and both tribes based their wealth and power on the horse. Horses were traded to or captured by other tribes and by the mid 1700s most Plains Indians had one or more horses. The next advance came from the British who brought guns to North America. The British also pushed many of the Eastern Woodlands tribes onto the Great Plains. After the 1850s, the horse culture of the Plains Indians ended as tribes were moved to Indian reservations.

Tribes 
Tribes of the Great Plains included:

 The Arapaho
 The Blackfoot
 The Comanche
 The Cheyenne
 The Crow
 The Kiowa
 The Kitsai
 The Missouria (or Niúachi)
 The Mandan
 The Omaha
 The Osage
 The Otoe
 The Pawnee
 The Saulteaux (or Plains Ojibwe)
 The Plains Cree
 The Plains Apache (also called the Kiowa Apache)
 The Ponca
 The Quapaw (or Arkansas and Ugahxpa)
 The Sarcee
 The Sioux (Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota)
 The Tonkawa
 The Wichita

Western movies 
Buffalo Bill Cody featured plains Indians in his Wild West shows beginning in the 1880s.  When Hollywood began making movies, the western was a favorite topic.  They introduced the plains Indians as the stereotypical Native American Indian to the entire world.  When fiction about the American Old West shows Indians, they are usually plains Indians.

Related pages 
 Great Plains

History of North America
Native American people