cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The McDonnell Douglas DC-10 is an American three-engine medium- to long-range widebody airliner, with two engines mounted on underwing pylons and a third engine at the base of the vertical stabilizer. The model was a successor to the company's DC-8 for long-range operations, and competed in the same markets as the Airbus A300, Boeing 747, and Lockheed L-1011 Tristar, which has a similar layout to the DC-10.

Production of the DC-10 ended in December 1988 with 386 delivered to airlines and 60 to the U.S. Air Force as air-to-air refueling tankers, designated the KC-10 Extender.  The DC-10 was succeeded by the related McDonnell Douglas MD-11 which entered service in 1990.

Development 

Douglas Aircraft began design studies based on its CX-HLS design. In 1966, American Airlines offered a specification to manufacturers for a widebody aircraft smaller than the Boeing 747 but capable of flying similar long-range routes from airports with shorter runways. The DC-10 became McDonnell Douglas's first commercial airliner after the merger between McDonnell Aircraft Corporation and Douglas Aircraft Company in 1967.  The DC-10 was first ordered by launch customers American Airlines with 25 orders, and United Airlines with 30 orders and 30 options in 1968.  The DC-10, a series 10 model, made its first flight on August 29, 1970.  Following a flight test program with 929 flights covering 1,551 hours, the DC-10 was awarded a type certificate from the FAA on July 29, 1971  It entered commercial service with American Airlines on August 5, 1971 on a round trip flight between Los Angeles and Chicago. United Airlines began DC-10 service on August 16, 1971.[6] The DC-10's similarity to the L-1011 in terms of passenger capacity and launch in the same timeframe resulted in a head to head sales competition which affected profitability of the aircraft.

Accidents and Problems 
The DC-10 had design flaws and had a poor safety record in its early years.  But later, the design flaws were improved, and the DC-10 became much safer.  The following accidents are some of those which have occurred since 1972.

 June 12, 1972 - American Airlines flight 96, bound from Detroit to Buffalo and then to LaGuardia Airport, experienced an explosive decompression in flight.  The cause was a poorly-designed rear cargo door.  The crew managed to land the plane safely back in Detroit.
 March 3, 1974 - Turkish Airlines flight 981, bound from Paris to London and carrying 346 passengers and crew, crashed nine minutes after takeoff, killing everyone onboard.  The cause was the same as that of American flight 96. 
 May 25, 1979 - American Airlines flight 191 crashed during takeoff near O'Hare International Airport while bound for Los Angeles.  All 271 people on board and 2 on the ground were killed; this remains the worst plane crash in America.  Engine No. 1 separated from the plane while on takeoff roll.  The cause of the crash was due to a maintenance error and a design flaw with the engine's pylon.  All DC-10s worldwide were grounded until modifications were made.

References 

Civil aircraft
Ocean liner is the name given to (usually large) ships that are used to transport people or goods. These ships travel along given routes; they usually have a schedule. Usually, ocean liners travel long distances. The ships used for short distances, for example across a channel,  a lake, or between an island and the coast close by, are called ferries. Ocean liners are used for transportation. Cruise ships are different, they are used for pleasure. 

The “golden Age” of the ocean liner was the first half of the 20th Century, when ocean liners commonly carried hundreds upon thousands of poor immigrants from Europe to North America, the United States especially. Hundreds of ocean liners were built during this period.  

When WW2 started in 1939, many ocean liners were turned into troop ships, to transport soldiers to Europe and Asia, by both sides. After the war, most remaining ocean liners were returned to their original owners. 

In the second half of the 20th century, ocean liners have been replaced by aircraft more and more. In the 1950’s, as airplanes like the De Havilland Comet and Boeing 707 were built, ocean liners seemed redundant as jet liners were faster and easier to build than ocean liners. By the 1980’s, most ocean liners had been retired with only a few outliers staying in service.

Ship types
Akakor is a fictional ancient underground city somewhere between Brazil and Peru. 

The German journalist Karl Brugger described the city in his book The Chronicle of Akakor (1976). Information about the city is from an interview with Tatunca Nara, a Brazilian Indian. Tantunca Nara speaks about possible contact with extraterrestrials in the ancient past. He says these extraterrestrials are believed to have built this mysterious city. Two similar cities are mentioned in this book - Akanis and Akahim. 

Later Rüdiger Nehberg showed that Tatunca Nara was actually a German named Günther Hauck.

Parts of the story from The Chronicle of Akakor were used in the movie Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.

References 
Karl Brugger: Die Chronik von Akakor, Econ Publishers: Düsseldorf, Vienna, 1976

Other websites
 The legend of Akakor
 Article about underground secrets of South America

Cities in South America
Fictional locations
The Gutenberg Bible (also known as the 42-line Bible or the Mazarin Bible) is a printed version of the Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible that was printed by Johannes Gutenberg, in Mainz, Germany in the 15th century. Although it is not the first book to be printed by Gutenberg's new movable type system, it is his major work, and of central importance for the start of the "Gutenberg Revolution" and the "Age of the Printed Book".  It is a very rare and expensive book. Fewer than 200 were made, and 49 complete or nearly complete ones are known. It has 1286 pages.

The earliest known book with movable type was published 78 years before in Korea and is known as the Jikji.

Related pages 
 Printing.

Notes

Other websites 
 Treasures in Full: Gutenberg Bible Complete digitized texts of the two Gutenberg bibles in the British Library
 The University of Texas Ransom Center's Gutenberg Bible website including detailed images 
 Online digital edition
 Gutenberg site made by the city of Mainz 
 A complete list of digitized copies at German Wikipedia 

Bibles
Christianity in Germany
History of Germany
Mainz
15th-century books
A fight song is a song that sports fans sing when supporting their favorite team. They are very popular in the United States.  Many colleges and universities there have fight songs. In other countries they are sometimes called team songs or team anthems.

Sports words
The World Draughts Federation (WDF) is the organisation which administers draughts throughout the world.  
It was created in 1947.  In the French language it is called Fédération Mondiale du Jeu de Dames (FMJD).
The WDF has organised the world draughts championships since 1948.

Other websites  
World Draughts Federation (WDF)
 

Draughts
Sports organizations
1947 establishments
Íngrid Betancourt Pulecio (born December 25 1961) is a Colombian-French politician. She ran for President of Colombia in 2002. While campaigning in the jungle she was kidnapped and taken by armed rebels named FARC-EP. In July 2008, she and 14 other hostages were rescued by the Colombian military. Her kidnapping got the world's attention because of her French citizenship.

References 

1961 births
Living people
French politicians
Colombian politicians
Kidnapped people
People from Bogotá
BBC 100 Women
A cutting board or chopping board is a strong board used to chop food on. It may also be used to cut raw materials such as leather or plastic. Kitchen cutting boards are often made of wood or plastic. There are also cutting boards made of glass, steel, marble or corian. These kinds of cutting boards are easier to clean than wooden or plastic ones. On the down side, they normally damage knives.

References 

Kitchenware
A measuring cup is a cup used to measure liquids or other ingredients, such as sugar or flour.

Kitchenware
The Simple English Wikipedia is an English-language version of Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia, that is written at a basic level of English. It was created on September 18, 2001.

All of the articles in the Simple English Wikipedia use shorter sentences and easier words and grammar than the regular English Wikipedia. This makes articles easier to understand and edit.

The Simple English Wikipedia is often used by:
 Students
 Children
 Adults with learning disabilities 
 Non-native English speakers

Many articles are shorter than the same articles in the English Wikipedia. However, technical subjects often use terms that are not simple. Editors try to explain these terms in a simple way. This makes Simple English articles a good way to understand difficult articles from the ordinary English Wikipedia. If someone cannot understand an idea in complex English, they can read the Simple English article.

When the Simple English Wikipedia started creation of pages and allowing changes in 2003, the ordinary English Wikipedia already had 150,000 articles. Seven other Wikipedias in other languages also had over 15,000 articles. Because the other Wikipedias already have so many articles, most Simple English articles are not new. They are usually simplified versions of already existing articles from the ordinary English Wikipedia. Right now, the Simple English Wikipedia has  articles. Simple English Wikipedia is the 49th largest Wikipedia as of February 2022.

Related pages
 English Wikipedia
 Wikipedia administrators
 Wikipedia:Simple English Wikipedia
 Simple English Wiktionary
 Simple English: a list of articles about attempts to simplify English

References

Other websites

 Simple English Wikipedia mobile version

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2001
The Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) is a college sports conference in the United States that sponsors many sports, but has not played football since the 1984 season.

The MVC has its roots in the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MVIAA), a league formed in 1907 by several schools in the Midwestern United States. The MVIAA split into two leagues in 1928. One league, made up mostly of large schools, kept the MVIAA name and years later became the Big Eight Conference. The smaller schools formed the MVC. Both groups claimed a 1907 founding date, and the same history up to the 1928 split. However, the Big Eight merged in 1996 with several schools from the collapsing Southwest Conference to form today's Big 12 Conference, which does not claim any of the Big Eight's history. Because of this, only the MVC now has a claim to any of the MVIAA's history.

Members 
Currently, the MVC has 10 members. In July 2022, one school will leave (indicated in pink) and two will join.

Future members

Associate members
The MVC has four "associate members", each of which plays one sport in the conference.

References
The Missouri Valley Football Conference (MVFC) is a group of 11 colleges and universities in the Midwestern United States who play football against one another. Each school plays the others every season, and the conference champion earns a place in the NCAA Division I Football Championship, the postseason tournament of the second-level Football Championship Subdivision (FCS).

The MVFC has a confusing history that is closely tied to that of two other existing conferences: the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) and the Association of Mid-Continent Universities (AMCU), now known as The Summit League. In the 1984 season, the last in which both of these conferences played football, all of the AMCU football schools were members of NCAA Division I-AA, now known as FCS. The MVC had schools that played in both DIvision I-A (today's Football Bowl Subdivision) and Division I-AA. The AMCU dropped football after the 1984 season, and the MVC announced it would do the same after the 1985 season. Beginning with the 1985 season, all of the remaining AMCU football teams, plus the MVC's I-AA teams, joined the Gateway Collegiate Athletic Conference (Gateway), which had sponsored only women's sports. Most of the schools in the Gateway were also MVC members. The MVC's I-AA football teams had membership in the MVC and Gateway in the 1985 season.

In 1992, the women's portion of the Gateway merged into the MVC. At that time, the Gateway became a football-only conference, changing its name to Gateway Football Conference. In 2008, the Gateway (which now had five MVC members) changed its name to the current Missouri Valley Football Conference. The MVFC and MVC are still legally separate, but operate out of the same offices in St. Louis.

Current members
Illinois State University
Indiana State University
Missouri State University
University of North Dakota
North Dakota State University
University of Northern Iowa
University of South Dakota
South Dakota State University
Southern Illinois University Carbondale (usually called "Southern Illinois")
Western Illinois University
Youngstown State University

Former members
Two schools that were in the MVFC during the Gateway era have moved to other conferences.
 Eastern Illinois University – member from 1985–1995; left for the Ohio Valley Conference.
 Western Kentucky University – member from 2001–2006; upgraded its football program to the top-level Division I FBS. It was already a non-football member of the Sun Belt Conference, and later played football in the Sun Belt as well. WKU has since moved to Conference USA.

References
A right is something a person has which people think should not be taken away. It is a rule about what a person is allowed to do or have. A right is different from a privilege, which is something that must be earned.

Rights may be put into laws, so they have legal protection. But a right can exist where most people think it is good (just).

Examples
Many think people have a "right to life".  That means that if one person kills another, the killer would be taking away the victim's "right to life". It also means life should be preserved (guarded) when it is threatened in other ways. 
People may also have a "right to property". It means they can own property. It also means people should not steal things from each other.
In many countries people have a "right to free speech", which means other people should not stop them from speaking their opinions. Some countries have laws which allow newspapers and television to give opinions. They can speak against their government if they wish to.

References

Related pages
 Civil and political rights
 Constitution
 Constitutional economics
 Human rights
 Rule of law
 Natural rights
AU can mean these things: 

 Astronomical unit, A unit of distance used in Astronomy.
 Auburn University, A university in Alabama, USA.
 Al-Azhar University,  a university and mosque in Cairo, Egypt. It is the main centre of Arabic literature and Sunni Islamic learning in the world. It is also the world's second-oldest surviving university. 
 Anadolu University, a high-degree educational institution in Eskişehir, Turkey.
 Adamson University, a private Roman Catholic university in Manila, Philippines.
 Ariel University, a public university in Ariel, a Jewish settlement in the West Bank. It used to be called the "Ariel University Center of Samaria". 
 African Union, an international organization consisting of fifty-three African member countries. 
 Au, the symbol for the chemical element gold, a metal.
 .au, the Internet country code for Australia.
Hulagu Khan, also known as Hulagu, Hülegü or Hulegu (Хүлэгү, Khülegü; Chagatai/; Arabic:هولاكو; c. 1217 – 8 February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia.

Son of Tolui and the Kerait princess Sorghaghtani Beki, he was a grandson of Genghis Khan, and the brother of Arik Boke, Mongke and Kublai Khan. He was also the step-father of Absh Khatun. Hulagu's army greatly expanded the southwestern portion of the Mongol Empire, founding the Ilkhanate of Persia. Under his leadership, the Mongols destroyed the two greatest centers of Islamic power, Baghdad in the year 1258, and Damascus, causing a shift of Islamic influence to the Mamluks in Cairo.

The Polos 
 
Niccolò and Maffeo Polo reportedly travelled to the realm of Hulagu and stayed in the city of Bukhara, in modern day Uzbekistan, where the family lived and traded for three years from 1261 to 1264.

Notes

References 
 Boyle, J.A., (Editor). The Cambridge History of Iran: Volume 5, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods . Cambridge University Press; Reissue edition (January 1, 1968). . Perhaps the best overview of the history of the il-khanate. Covers politics, economics, religion, culture and the arts and sciences. Also has a section on the Isma'ilis, Hulagu's nemesis.
 Encyclopedia Iranica has scholar-reviewed articles on a wide range of Persian subjects, including Hulagu.
 Morgan, David. The Mongols. Blackwell Publishers; Reprint edition, April 1990. . Best for an overview of the wider context of medieval Mongol history and culture.
 Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). The Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. Facts on File, Inc. .

Other websites 
 A long article  about Hulagu's conquest of Baghdad, written by Ian Frazier, appeared in the April 25, 2005 issue of The New Yorker.
 An Osama bin Laden tape in which Osama bin Laden compares Vice President Dick Cheney and Secretary of State Colin Powell to Hulagu and his attack on Baghdad. Dated November 12, 2002.

1217 births
1265 deaths
Emperors and empresses
Mongol Empire
Elena Olegovna Bovina  (born March 10, 1983, Moscow, RSFR, Soviet Union) is a Russian retired professional female tennis player. She turned pro in 1998. In 2004, she won the Australian Open mixed doubles. On April 4, 2005, Bovina reached her career-high singles ranking was world no. 14. She retired in 2012. She lives in Quebec City, Canada.

1983 births
Australian Open champions
Russian female tennis players
Living people
Sportspeople from Moscow
Anastasia Andreyevna Myskina (; ) (born July 8, 1981, Moscow, Russia) is a professional tennis player from Russia.

1981 births
Russian female tennis players
French Open champions
Living people
Sportspeople from Moscow
This is a list with all the Sony Ericsson WTA Tour Awards given by the WTA Tour to players who have done or achieved something remarkable during the season or their career.

Player of The Year
This is awarded to the player who the WTA think has played the best tennis over the year.

Doubles Team of the Year 
This is awarded to the doubles team who the WTA think has played the best tennis over the year.

Most Improved Player 
This is awarded to the player who the WTA think has improved the most over the year.

Newcomer of the Year 
This is awarded to the player who the WTA think has played the best tennis in their first season as a professional.

Comeback Player of the Year 
This is awarded to the player who the WTA think has played the best tennis after coming back from a long break from playing.

Player Service 

Note: in 2002 the award was not given.

Karen Krantzcke Sportsmanship Award

Tournaments of the Year

Tier I - II

Notes

Other websites 
WTA Awards - past winners

Tennis
Siena Cathedral (Italian Duomo di Siena, officially Santa Maria Assunta) is a Cathedral in Siena, Italy. It is the seat of the archbishop of Siena. The cathedral was built between 1215 and 1263. The was another church there beforehand.  The Cathedral is known all over Italy for its stripes. These were made by using different kinds of stone. It is also a unfinished building as well.

Images

Roman Catholic Cathedrals
Cathedrals in Italy
Tuscany
1263 establishments
13th-century establishments in Italy
1260s establishments in Europe
Caen ( pronounced can (/kɑ̃/);) is a city in France. It is the capital city of Basse-Normandie and Calvados. The river Orne flows through it. Today, about 110,000 people live there (intra muros, inside the city); the urban area has about 370,000 people. The city has a very long history; the name probably has Gaulish origins (from cato Military activity; and mago field; probably something like place where the troops exercised). A campus of the École de management de Normandie is in the city.

Sister cities
Caen is twinned with:

References 

 
Departmental capitals in France
Former regional capitals in France
St. Michael and Gudula Cathedral is the Cathedral in Brussels. It is named in honour of St. Michael and St. Gudula. In Dutch it is called Sint-Michiels- en Sint-Goedelekathedraal, usually shortened to "Sint-Goedele". In French it is called Cathédrale Saints-Michel-et-Gudule. It is the main church of the bishop of Brussels and Mechelen. 

There already was a shrine (or chapel) to Saint Michael there in the 8th century. The Cathedral was begun in 1226. Building finished when the belltower (or belfry) was done, at the end of the 15th century. The cathedral is built in Gothic style. As it is the main Church of the Kingom of Belgium, there are often royal ceremonies, such as marriages and funerals, there.

Roman Catholic Cathedrals
Buildings and structures in Belgium
Brussels
Strasbourg Cathedral or the Cathedral of Our Lady of Strasbourg (, or Cathédrale de Strasbourg,   or Straßburger Münster), also known as Strasbourg Minster, is a cathedral. The cathedral was built in Gothic style. The belltower is 142 m high. It was the highest building in the world from 1647 to 1874. It is currently the second-highest cathedral in France, after Rouen Cathedral, which is 9m higher, at 151m. In 1880, Cologne Cathedral was finished (157m), and later Ulm minster (at 161m), the highest Cathedral in the World. 

Considerable parts of it are still in Romanesque architecture. Nevertheless, it is widely considered to be among the finest examples of high, or late, Gothic architecture. Erwin von Steinbach is credited for major contributions from 1277 to his death in 1318.

Victor Hugo described it as a "gigantic and delicate marvel". The cathedral is visible far across the plains of Alsace and can be seen from as far off as the Vosges mountains or the Black Forest on the other side of the Rhine.

An Al-Qaeda plot to bomb the adjacent Christmas market was prevented in 2000 by French and German police.

References 

Roman Catholic Cathedrals
Cathedrals in France
Strasbourg
Ely Cathedral is an Anglican church in Ely, Cambridgeshire. It is the main church of the diocese of Ely, and the seat of the Bishop of Ely. The city of Ely is about 20 km north of Cambridge.

The Cathedral is known locally as "the Ship of the Fens", because of its prominent shape which towers above the surrounding flat landscape. The fens were once wet and marshy: a wetland habitat. The Fenland in East Anglia includes Ely, but is today mainly drained. It is now low-lying farmland.

History

Anglo-Saxon 
The first Christian building on the site was founded by Etheldreda, daughter of the King of East Anglia.She set up and ruled a monastery at Ely in 673, and, when she died, a shrine was built there to her memory.

Norman

Abbot Simeon's Cathedral 
The present cathedral was started by Abbot Simeon (1082–1094) in 1083. The Anglo-Saxon church was demolished, but some of its relics, such as the remains of its benefactors, were moved to the cathedral. The main transepts were built early on, crossing the nave below a central tower, and are the oldest surviving part of the cathedral. Construction work continued throughout the 12th century. The Western transepts and tower were completed in an exuberant Romanesque style with a rich decoration of intersecting arches and complex mouldings.

Early Gothic elements 
A 'Galilee' porch was added under Bishop  Eustace (1198–1215) in the Early English Gothic style. It was originally a two-storey structure where liturgical processions could gather before entering the nave. It was opened up into a single vaulted space in the 18th century. Several details of its decoration, particularly the 'syncopated arches' and the use of Purbeck marble shafts, reflect the influence of St Hugh's Choir at Lincoln Cathedral, built a few years earlier.

Work began on a new eastern end in 1234, replacing the short Norman chancel with a much grander 10-bay structure. Northwold's chancel, completed by around 1252, adopted several of the stylistic elements already used in the Galilee porch.

Later 
During the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII, the monastery at Ely was dissolved in 1539. Ely suffered less than many other monasteries, but even so, statues were destroyed together with carvings and stained glass. St Etheldreda's Shrine was destroyed.

The Cathedral was refounded with a Chapter of eight canons in 1541, as was the Kings School. Robert Steward, the last Prior of the monastery, became the first Dean.

Recent crisis 
In 1986 it was discovered that the roofs, timber and stonework of much of the Cathedral were becoming unsafe. A public appeal was launched. £4,000,000 was needed to secure the Cathedral's future and to prevent its doors being closed for good. In just over a year, the money was given or promised. The Great Restoration was completed in the year 2000.

Stained Glass Museum 
The south gallery of the nave is home to The Stained Glass Museum, a collection of stained glass from the 13th century to the present that is of national importance. It includes works from several notable modern artists.

References

Other websites 

Cathedrals in England
Anglican Cathedrals
Cambridgeshire
Lasbela district is a coastal district of Balochistan province, Pakistan. It became a separate district in the Kalat division on 30 June 1954. The name is derived from the words Las which signifies a plain, the greater part of the area being a flat plain, and Bela which means "jungle" and is also the name of the principal town of the district. Uthal is the district headquarters. The district is divided into 9 tehsils and 21 union councils.

Tehsils
 Bela Tehsil
 Dureji Tehsil
 Gadani Tehsil
 Hub Tehsil
 Kanraj Tehsil
 Lakhra Tehsil
 Liari Tehsil
 Sonmiani Tehsil
 Uthal Tehsil

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Awaran () is a district in the south of the Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Tehsils
 Awaran Tehsil
 Jhal Jhao Tehsil
 Mashkay Tehsil
 Gashkore Tehsil
 Korak Tehsil

Other websites 

 Awaran District at www.balochistan.gov.pk

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Coutances Cathedral () is the cathedral in the town of Coutances in Normandy. It is built in Gothic style. Standing 80m tall it dominates the city and the surrounding landscape. Its use of long straight vertical lines is typical for many churches in Normandy. The cathedral was started in Romanesque style. It was consecrated in 1056.

Roman Catholic Cathedrals
Cathedrals in France
Normandy
The Regensburg Cathedral () is dedicated to St. Peter. It is the most important church and landmark of the city of Regensburg, and the cathedral of the Catholic Diocese of Regensburg. The church is a very good  example of Gothic architecture in southern Germany.

The first church at the site was built around the year 700, but it burnt down around 1156. The current cathedral was started in the year 1273, and it took until 1872 to complete. In the 15th century, the sale of indulgences was used to finance the construction.

Buildings and structures in Bavaria
Cathedrals in Germany
Regensburg
Roman Catholic Cathedrals
Kharan () is a district in the north-west of Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Administration
The district is administratively broken up into the following tehsils:

 Kharan Tehsil
 Sar Kharan Tehsil
 Toumulk Tehsil
 Besima Tehsil
 Mashkel Tehsil
 Nag Tehsil
 Wasuk Tehsil

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
The Cathedral of Santa Eulalia (also called La Seu) the Gothic cathedral seat of the Archbishop of Barcelona, Spain. The famous Sagrada Família currently being built is not a cathedral. The cathedral was constructed from the 13th to the 15th century. There was a Visigothic church there before. The Gothic-like façade is from the 19th century.

The cathedral is dedicated to Eulalia of Barcelona, co-patron saint of Barcelona. According to Catholic tradition, Eulalia was a young virgin who suffered martyrdom during Roman times in Barcelona. The body of Saint Eulalia is entombed in the cathedral's crypt.

One side chapel is dedicated to "Christ of Lepanto", and contains a cross from a ship that fought at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). The body of the cross is shifted to the right. Catalan legend says that the body swerved to avoid getting hit by a cannonball.

The cathedral has a secluded Gothic cloister where thirteen white geese are kept (it is said that Eulalia was 13 when she was murdered).

Images

References

Other websites 

 Official site 
 Overview, with plan  

Roman Catholic Cathedrals
Cathedrals in Spain
Buildings and structures in Barcelona
Mastung District () is a district in the northwest of Balochistan province. Pakistan. Prior to 1991 Mastung was part of Kalat District. For administrative purposes Mastung was separated from Kalat and made a new district in 1991.

Tehsils
 Dasht Tehsil
 Kardigap Tehsil
 Mastung Tehsil

References

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Gwadar was notified as a district on July 1, 1977 when Makran Division was created and divided into three districts. Gwadar is the headquarters of Gwadar District. Previously it was one of 3 tehsils of Makran District before the district was upgraded to a division. For administrative purposes, the district is divided into two sub-divisions, namely Gwadar and Pasni. These sub-divisions are further divided into tehsils and sub-tehsils. Gwadar sub-division comprises two tehsils, named Gwadar and Jiwani, and one sub-tehsil named Suntsar. Pasni sub-division is divided into Pasni and Ormara tehsils. Gwadar district, with its 600 kilometres long coast line and un-irrigated tracts of Kulanch and Dasht valleys, has always been an important chapter of Makran’s history.

Administration
The district of Gwadar is administratively divided into the following tehsils:

 Gwadar City
 Jiwani Tehsil
 Ormara Tehsil
 Pasni Tehsil
 Suntsar Tehsil

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Panjgur () is a district in the west of Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Tehsils
 Gichk Tehsil
 Gowargo Tehsil
 Panjgur Tehsil
 Parome Tehsil

Other websites

 Pangur District at www.balochistan.gov.pk

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
The Cathedral of Valencia (Metropolitan Basilica Cathedral) is dedicated to Saint Mary. The church was started in 1238 by the first bishop of Valencia Pere d'Albalat. It was built on a mosque. The mosque had been built where the former Visigothic cathedral had stood. A Mediterranean version of Gothic architecture is the main style of this cathedral. The cathedral also contains Romanesque, French Gothic, Renaissance art, Baroque and neoclassical elements.

There are several chalices that are claimed to be the Holy Grail spread over the world. One of them is in a chapel of the Cathedral. Several Christian historians claim that the one in the chapel is most likely the authentic cup used at the Last Supper. It was the official papal chalice for many popes, and has been used by many others, most recently by Pope Benedict XVI, on July 9, 2006. This chalice dates from the 1st century. It was given to the cathedral by king Alfons el Magnànim in 1436.

The cathedral also contains examples of some of the earliest and best Quattrocento paintings of the Iberian Peninsula. These were brought from Rome via artists commissioned by the Valencian Pope Alexander VI. Alexander VI made the request to make Valencia the seat of an archbishop when he was still a cardinal. This was granted by Pope Innocent VIII in 1492.

References

Other websites

Official site of Valencia Cathedral
Comunidad Valenciana. The Santa Maria metropolitan basilica cathedral  GothicMed.  A virtual museum of mediterranean gothic architecture.
http://www.virtourist.com/europe/valencia/05.htm
http://www.planetware.com/valencia/cathedral-e-val-valcat.htm
Tourist Fact-sheet on Valencia Cathedral 

Roman Catholic Cathedrals
Valencia
Cathedrals in Spain
Bad Doberan Minster is the main Lutheran Church of Bad Doberan in Germany. It is the most important religious building on the European Route of Brick Gothic, a tourist route which connects three countries along the Baltic Sea - Denmark, Germany and Poland. It was the first abbey in Mecklenberg. and was founded in 1171. It was the burial site for regional rulers. Because of this, the church became important for cultural and economic development.

Its attractions include:

An altar which was made in about 1300
A tabernacle which was built between 1350 and 1360.
A chalice cupboard which was made in about 1310.
A credenza which was made out of oak in about 1300.
Levite pews which were made in the 14th century.
An ornamental candle holder which shows the mother Mary, made in about 1280.
An eagle lectern which was made in the 19th century.
Choir stalls which were made in the 14th century.
A double sided cross altar which was made between 1360 and 1370.
Pieces of medieval glass which were made in about 1300.
The face of an astronomical clock, which was destroyed during the Thirty Years' War.
The granite sarcophagus of Great Duke Friedrich Franz I. von Mecklenburg, who died in 1837.
Medieval tombstones and pictures.
Pieces of medieval stone tablets.
The von Bülow Chapel and the organ.
The Chapel of Pribislav.
Medieval tombstones and pictures.
Pieces of medieval glass and stone tablets.
The von Bülow Chapel and the organ.
The Chapel of Pribislav.
Mill Altar, scale model and a tomb stone.
Tomb of Lord Samuel von Behr and a swan and antlers.
Figure of Queen Margarete of Denmark and three altars.
The tomb and crypt of Duke Adolf Friedrich I.
The Octagon.
The Tomb of King Albert of Sweden
The memorial statue of Duke Magnus II
The Tomb of Duke Johann Albrecht II von Mecklenburg
The rear of the Levite pews
A picture and text plaque of Peter Wise
A Renaissance style ducal epitaph

Images 

Buildings and structures in Germany
Sibi () is a district in the Baluchistan province of Pakistan. The hottest place in Pakistan, in the summer with temperatures reaching .

Tehsils
 Harnai Tehsil
 Lehri Tehsil
 Sibi Tehsil

Districts of British India
Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Ziarat is a district in the north of Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Tehsils
 Sinjavi Tehsil
 Ziarat Tehsil

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Hammerbeam roof is a type of wooden roof. It was used in the gothic architecture.

Architectural elements
Quetta is a district in the north-west of Balochistan province of Pakistan. It was part of Quetta Division until the year 2000 when divisions were abolished.

 Panjpai Tehsil
 Quetta Tehsil

Districts of British India
Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Quetta
Pishin () is a district in the north west of Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Administration
The district of Pishin is administratively subdivided into the following tehsils:

 Barshore Tehsil
 Bostan Tehsil
 Hurramzai Tehsil
 Karezat Tehsil
 Pishin Tehsil

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Purbeck marble is a fossiliferous limestone found in the Isle of Purbeck, a peninsula in south-east Dorset, England. It has been quarried since at least Roman times as a decorative building stone. This industry is no longer active.

Geology
These limestone beds were deposited during Lower Cretaceous epoch. Purbeck Marble is not a metamorphic rock, like a true marble, but is so-called because it can take a fine polish.
Its characteristic appearance comes from densely-packed shells of the freshwater snail Viviparus.  Sussex Marble is similar in type. The 'marble' large clasts (the snail shells) in a fine-grained limestone mud matrix.

The individual marble beds (also known as 'seams'), lie between layers of softer marine clays and mudstone, laid down during repeated marine ingressions. Some of the beds contain iron oxide/hydroxide minerals, such as haematite or limonite, giving red or brown varieties, while other beds contain glauconite giving a green (or occasionally blue) colour.

Occurrence
Purbeck marble is found at outcrop, or beneath superficial cover, all the way across the Isle of Purbeck. The marble beds are never more than 1.2 m thick and are often much thinner. The outcrops lie within the Purbeck Monocline, with the beds dipping moderately steeply to the north.

References 

Carbonate rocks
Dorset
Chagai is the largest district of Pakistan and is on the northwest corner of Balochistan, Pakistan. It forms a triangular internationalised border with Afghanistan and Iran.

Administration
Chagai is administratively subdivided into the following tehsils:

 Chagai Tehsil
 Dak Tehsil
 Nokundi Tehsil
 Saindak Tehsil
 Taftan Tehsil

Districts of British India
Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Barkhan () a district in the north-west of the Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Tehsils
Musakhel Tehsil
Barkhan Tehsil

Other websites 

 Barkhan District at www.balochistan.gov.pk
 District Barkhan  at www.balochistanpolice.gov.pk

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
The Holy Grail is an artifact from Christians beliefs. According to a story, it is the cup or plate used by Jesus at the Last Supper. It was later used to catch his blood when he had to die on the cross.

According to the story, it has special powers. Many stories of the Arthurian Legend are about the Holy Grail. The first to write about it was Chrétien de Troyes. The legend may combine Christian lore with a Celtic myth of a cauldron which has special powers.

The connection of Joseph of Arimathea with the Grail legend dates from Robert de Boron's Joseph d'Arimathie. In the story, Joseph receives the Grail from an apparition of Jesus Christ, and sends it with his followers to Great Britain; building upon this theme, later writers told how Joseph used the Grail to catch Christ's blood while burying him and that in Britain he founded a line of guardians to keep it safe.

A cup that could have been the Holy Grail can be seen in  Valencia Cathedral.

The term "Holy Grail" is often used as a metaphor for something very important or special.

References 

Containers
Christian religious objects
Christian symbols
St George's Chapel is the church at Windsor Castle in England. The chapel is governed by the Dean and Canons of Windsor and is found in the Lower Ward of the castle.

The status of the Abbey is that of a Royal Peculiar. This means it is place of worship that falls directly under the jurisdiction of the British monarch, rather than under a bishop. The concept dates from Anglo-Saxon times, when a church could ally itself with the monarch and therefore not be subject to the bishop of the area. Technically speaking, it is not a cathedral, though it has a similar status. Many Royal weddings and other ceremonies with the British Crown have taken place there.

Other websites 
 Charity Commission website
 Chapel website
 A guide to the chapel

Churches in England
Buildings and structures in England
Berkshire
The Henry VII Lady Chapel is a Lady chapel at the far eastern end of Westminster Abbey built in the Gothic style. 

The Chapel was built in 1503 by the architect Sir Reginald Bray. Henry VII was buried in the Chapel on his death in 1509 in a tomb designed by the Italian artist Torrigiani.

Churches in England
Bath Abbey, is an Anglican parish church and an old monastery in Bath, Somerset. Its full name is
the Abbey Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Bath. It was founded in the 7th century, reorganised in the 10th century, and rebuilt in the 12th and 16th centuries. It is one of the finest and largest examples of Gothic architecture (Perpendicular style) in the West of England.

The church is a former Benedictine monastery, and a former cathedral.

Main events 
In 675 Osric, King of the Hwicce, granted the Abbess Berta 100 hides near Bath for the establishment of a convent. This religious house later became a monastery under the patronage of the Bishop of Worcester.
William Rufus granted Bath, Somerset to a royal physician, John of Tours, who became Bishop of Wells and Abbot of Bath. In 1090 he moved his seat from Wells to Bath Abbey, which therefore became a cathedral.
The church became a ruin, and was restored just before the dissolution of the monasteries. Then it was stripped of lead, iron and glass, before being restored again by Elizabeth I.
Restoration from 1860 to the present day has brought the church up to a high standard.
From the 13th century the seat of the bishops has usually been in Wells Cathedral, even though the city of Bath is much larger than Wells. The bishopric has been joined as 'Bath and Wells' since 1245.

Related pages 
Wells Cathedral
Hexham Abbey

Other websites 

 Bath Abbey
Adrian Fletcher's Paradoxplace Bath Abbey Pages – Photos 

Churches in England
Abbeys
Abbey
Anglican churches
7th-century establishments
Establishments in England
Kathua district () is one of 14 administrative districts in the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir.  It is surrounded by Jammu to the northwest, the Doda District and Udhampur District districts to the north, the state of Himachal Pradesh to the east, Punjab to the south in the Republic of India. Its terrain is diverse, consisting of rich agricultural areas along the Pakistani border, plains sweeping eastward to the foothills of the Himalaya, and a mountainous Pahari region in the east.

Kathua district is divided into 8 blocks:Bani, Barnoti, Basholi, Billawar, Duggan, Ghagwal, Hiranagar, Kathua and Lohai Malhar. It has approximately 587 villages.

The traditional language of Kathua is Dogri.  The Pahari language is prevalent in the mountainous area of the east.  The principal media of education are English, Hindi, and Urdu.

In a Muslim majority state, Kathua, like the Jammu region, is overwhelmingly Hindu, the religion practiced by 91% of its district population.  Another 7% is Muslim, and 2% Sikh.

A relatively safe regional pocket, Kathua was spared the decade-long insurrection sparked by the Khalistan separatist movement in Punjab that ended in the early 1990s, just to its south, and the ongoing Freedom movement in Kashmir Valley farther to the north, beginning in the 1980s.

 Kathua Tehsil
 Hiranagar Tehsil 
 Billawar Tehsil
 Basohli Tehsil

Districts of Jammu and Kashmir
Badin District () is a district in the Sindh province of Pakistan.

Administration 
The district is administratively subdivided into the following talukas:

 Badin Tehsil
 Matli Tehsil
 Shaheed Fazil Rahu Tehsil
 Talhar Tehsil
 Tando Bago Tehsil

With the introduction of the devolution System the talukas have been sub-divided into the Union Councils numbering 49, Tapas 109 and Dehs 511.

References 

Badin District
Dadu () is a district of Sindh Province, Pakistan. The district was created in 1933 during British rule.

Tehsils (Counties)
 Mehar Taluka
 Khairpur Nathan Shah Taluka
 Dadu Taluka
 Johi Taluka

Districts of British India
Dadu District
Districts of Sindh
Hyderābād District (), is a district of Sindh, Pakistan. It used to be an administrative division of Sindh (known as Hyderabad Division) until the year 2000 when divisions were abolished. The capital is the city of Hyderabad.  The Kirthar National Park is in Hyderabad district. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan. it had a population of 4,339,445 of which 50.07% were urban, making it the second-most urbanised district of Sindh.

Related pages
 Hyderabad Rural
 Hyderabad City
 Latifabad Tehsil
 Qasimabad Tehsil

References 

Districts of British India
Hyderabad District
Districts of Sindh
Thatta District (, ) is in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, it had a population of 1,113,194 of which 11.21% were urban.

Tehsils
 Ghora Bari Tehsil
 Jati Tehsil
 Mirpur Bathoro Tehsil
 Mirpur Sakro Tehsil
 Shah Bander Tehsil
 Sujawal Tehsil
 Thatta
 Kharo Chan Tehsil
 Keti Bander Tehsil

Districts of British India
Karachi District () Largest city and chief port of Pakistan, lying on the Arabian Sea, northwest of the Indus River Delta; population (1998 est) 9,269,300; 4 million live in makeshift settlements. It is the capital of Sindh province, and Pakistan's leading centre for commerce, finance, industry, and transport. Its port handles most of the international trade of the country, as well as of the neighbouring landlocked state of Afghanistan. It is also served by a major international airport. Industries include shipbuilding, engineering, chemicals, plastics and textiles, including the manufacture of cotton and jute. It was the capital of Pakistan 1947-59, when it was replaced by Islamabad.

Towns of Karachi

 Malir Town
 Shah Faisal Town
 Landhi Town
 Korangi Town
 Muhammad Bin Qasim Town
 Gadap Town
 Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town
 Jamshed Town
 Gulberg Town
 Liaquatabad Town
 North Nazimabad Town
 New Karachi Town
 Orangi Town
 Baldia Town
 SITE town
 Lyari Town
 Saddar Town
 Keamari Town

Districts of Sindh

en:Karachi District
Jacobabad District () is a district of Sindh, Pakistan. According to the 1998 census, 1,425,572 people lived there, of which 24.10% were urban. The city of Jacobabad is the capital of the District.

Administration
The district is administratively subdivided into the following talukas:

 Ghari Khairo Tehsil
 Khairo Tehsil
 Jacobabad Tehsil
 Thull Tehsil

References 

Jacobabad District
Districts of Sindh
Kirby Super Star, known in Europe as Kirby's Fun Pak and in Japan as  is a platform video game made by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Super NES game console. 

A remake called Kirby Super Star Ultra was released for the Nintendo DS in 2008 and 2009.

Plot
There are six games so there are six plots. One is where you race King Dedede, one is where you fight a giant bird named Dyna Blade, another is where you fight King Dedede (note how one is racing, and another is fighting). One is where you hunt and try to destroy Meta Knight and his airship, Halberd. One is where you fight Marx and another is when Kirby is in a giant cavern and you obtain treasures.

1996 video games
Cooperative video games
S
Nintendo DS games
Kirby Super Star Ultra
Virtual Console games
Platform games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Larkana or Larkano (, ) is a district of Sindh province of Pakistan.

 Dokri Tehsil
 Bakrani Tehsil
 Larkano Tehsil
 Ratodero Tehsil

Districts of British India

Districts of Sindh
Mirpur Khas District () is one of the districts in the province of  Sindh, Pakistan. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, it had a population of 1,569,030 of which 18.60%

Administration
 Digri Tehsil
 Kot Ghulam Muhammad Tehsil
 Mirpurkhas Tehsil

References

Mirpur Khas District
Sanghar District () is one of the largest districts of Sindh province, Pakistan. 

 Jam Nawaz Ali Tehsil
 Khipro Tehsil
 Sanghar Tehsil
 Shahdadpur Tehsil
 Sinjhoro Tehsil
 Tando Adam Khan Tehsil

Districts of British India
Sanghar District
Tharparkar (, ) district is in Sindh, Pakistan.

Tehsils
 Deeplo Tehsil
 Chachro Tehsil
 Mithi Tehsil
 Nagarparkar Tehsil

Districts of British India
Umerkot or Umarkot () is a district of Sindh province, Pakistan.

Tehsils
 Kunri Tehsil
 Pithoro Tehsil
 Samaro Tehsil
 Umerkot Tehsil

Districts of Sindh
Ghotki District (, ) is a district of Sindh Province, Pakistan.

Administration
The district is administratively subdivided into the following talukas:

 Ghotki Tehsil
 Khan Garh Tehsil 
 Adilpur Tehsil
 Mirpur Mathelo Tehsil  
 Ubauro Tehsil
 Daharki Tahsil

Ghotki District
Districts of Sindh
Khairpur District () is a district in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The district has an area of 15,910 square kilometres and is headquartered at the city of Khairpur.

Administration
The district has eight Talukas (counties):

 Khairpur
 Nara Tehsil
 Kot Diji Tehsil
 Sobho Dero Tehsil
 Mirwah Tehsil
 Kingri Tehsil
 Faiz Ganj Tehsil
 Gambat Tehsil

Khairpur District
Districts of Sindh
, (born August 3, 1970) is a video game designer who worked at HAL Laboratory from 1991 to 2003. His single game for Nintendo 3DS, Kid Icarus: Uprising was released in 2012. Sakurai is the creator of game franchises, Kirby and Super Smash Bros. He founded Sora Ltd in 2005.

References

1970 births
 
Living people
People from Tokyo
Japanese video game designers
Nintendo people