cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
In telecommunications, packet switching is a method of grouping data that is transmitted over a digital network into packets.

Composed of a header and a payload:
A header is used by networking hardware to direct packets to its destination,
A payload is the thing extracted after it has reached its destination (thanks to the header)

The workstation creates a packet, and stamps it with the destination's IP Address and forwards it to a router, the router's job is to find out how to get the packet to the desired destination.
Breaking communication down into packets allows the same information to be shared amongst many users in a network.
A type of small network where packets (small units of data) are routed through a network based on the destination address contained in each packet.

“A data packet is a unit of data made into a single package that travels along a given network path. Data packets are used in Internet Protocol (IP) transmissions for data that navigates the Web, and in other kinds of networks.”

Computer networking
Per Zennström is an award winning fashion photographer, and author based in Berlin. Zennström received the Hasselblad Masters Award in March 2002. Zennström is known for his short film White Noise White Shores which was part of the official screening at the Miami Fashion Film Festival 2014.

Career
Zennström dropped-out of his photography studies in University of Gothenburg, and spent 2 years assisting Swedish photographer Björn Keller. Later Zennström moved on to became an assistant to influential fashion photographer Steven Meisel in New York. Per Zennström moved to Paris in 1992 and started to work for fashion clients such as Dior, Guy Laroche, Nina Ricci and Galeries Lafayette. Per Zennström has published four books New Work, Berlin+Stockholm, Walking The Dog and Venus Murex.

According to Deutsche Welle, "Zennström enjoys experimenting with the latest techniques."

Notable exhibitions
2014 Official Selection at Miami Fashion Film Festival 
2013 Gothenburg International Biennale for Contemporary Art  
2012 No Limits – Multi media project in collaboration with Hahnemühle Fine Art and fashion designer Michael Sontag 
2012 “Born For Fame” Video & Sculpture Installation for fashion designer Marcell von Berlin 
2007 “Broken Glass” presented by Stockholm Fashion Week

Publications
NewWork   - 2013 Blurb -  
Berlin+Stockholm   - 2014 Blurb - 
WalkingTheDog - 2017 Blurb -  
Venus Murex - 2017 Blurb -

Personal life
Zennström's father was the author and journalist Per-Olof Zennström. His sister is the author and translator Maria Zennström.

References

Other websites
 

Living people
Swedish photographers
Dubrovytsia (, , , ) is a town in Rivne Oblast, Ukraine. It is administrative center of Dubrovytsia Raion, and is the site of the now ruined Jewish shtetl of Dombrovitza. In 2001, 9,644 people lived there.

Cities in Ukraine
Meghan, Duchess of Sussex (; born Rachel Meghan Markle; August 4, 1981) is an American member of the British Royal Family through her marriage to Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, and former actress, model and humanitarian. Starting in 2011, she played Rachel Zane in the legal drama series Suits. She had the role of Amy Jessup in the Fox science fiction-drama Fringe.

Early life
Markle was born at West Park Hospital in Canoga Park, Los Angeles, California. She grew up in the View Park-Windsor Hills and Hollywood neighborhoods of Los Angeles County. Her father is of a Dutch and Irish background and her mother is African American. She was married to producer Trevor Engelson from 2011 to 2013.

Marriage to Prince Harry
Markle began dating Prince Harry of Wales in June 2016. They became engaged in November 2017. In preparation for the wedding, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, baptised Markle and confirmed her into the Church of England on March 6, 2018. The couple married at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle on May 19, 2018. After their wedding, they became the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. 

In October 2018, it was announced that the Duchess was pregnant with the couple's first child. The baby, Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor, was born on May 6, 2019. In November 2020, the Duchess revealed in an opinion piece for The New York Times that she suffered a miscarriage in July of that year.

On 4 June 2021, the couple's daughter Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor was born in Santa Barbara, California.

References

Other websites

 

1981 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
Humanitarians
Models from Los Angeles
Golshifteh Farahani (, born Rahavard Farahani; 10 July 1983) is an Iranian-French actress, musician and singer. She is best known for her roles in the movies Body of Lies (2008), The Patience Stone (2012), Exodus: Gods and Kings (2014), Paterson (2016), Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (2017) and The Upside (2019). In 2016, she portrayed the title character in the stage version of Anna Karenina.

Farahani was born in Tehran. Her father is actor Behzad Farahani and her sister is actress Shaghayegh Farahani. She was married to Amin Mahdavi from 2004 to 2013. She married Australian Christos Dorje Walker in 2015.

In 2012, she was banned from returning to Iran for posing naked in a French magazine.

References

Other websites

 
 

1983 births
Living people
French movie actors
French singers
French stage actors
Iranian actors
Iranian singers
People from Tehran
Zla Kolata is a mountain in Montenegro. The mountain lies on the border between Montenegro and Albania. It is the highest point in Montenegro, 2534 meters high.

Montenegro
Montenegro
Bogdan Castle Maglich (also spelled Maglic or Maglić) (August 5, 1928 in Sombor, Yugoslavia – November 25, 2017 in Newport Beach, California) was a Yugoslav-born American experimental nuclear physicist and the leading supporter of a purported non-radioactive aneutronic fusion energy source. Maglich built 4 models of Migma.

References

Other websites
"Nature's Onion", TIME, Sep. 15, 1961 
"Wall Street Transcript" interview with Bogdan Maglich
Article: Visionary Physicist's Crusade Serves As Lesson In Futility in The Scientist

Naturalized citizens of the United States
Serbian people
American physicists
1928 births
2017 deaths
Hou Bo (; 17 September 1924 – 26 November 2017) was a Chinese photographer. With her husband Xu Xiaobing, they were among the best known photographers of Mao Zedong. She joined the Communist Party at the age of fourteen and learned photography during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

After 1949, she and Xu Xiaobing lived in the same compound as Mao and took both official photos, some used for posters and publicity, which became the most widely circulated photos of Mao, and some family photos, taken informally behind the scenes.

Among her best known photographs are "The Founding of the PRC" (1949), "Mao Zedong Swimming Across the Yangzi" (1955), "Chairman Mao at Work in an Airplane" (1959), and "Mao Zedong with Students from Latin America" (1959), which won First Prize in the National Photography Exhibition of 1959.

Hou died on 26 November 2017 in Beijing at the age of 93.

References

Other websites
 大家名作: 侯波摄影作品赏 (Hou Bo's Prizewinning Masterpieces) Chinese Photographers Association.
 侯波 中国女摄影家 Baidu Baike.

1924 births
2017 deaths
Chinese people
Photographers
Communists
Walter Maynard "Bud" Moore Jr. (May 25, 1925 – November 27, 2017) was a NASCAR driver and car owner. He was born in Spartanburg, South Carolina. Moore worked the Bud Moore Engineering team. He was a decorated veteran of World War II, he described himself as "an old country mechanic who loved to make 'em run fast".

Moore served in World War II as a member of the United States Army. He took part of the Normandy landings. After Normandy, he went on to fight in the Battle of the Bulge and ended his military service as a sergeant. During his military service, Moore was awarded five Purple Hearts and two Bronze Star Medals.

When he returned from the war, he began a career in stock car racing as a crew chief. In the 1960s, he opened Bud Moore Engineering, a team that went on to win three NASCAR Grand National Series championships and 63 races for 37 years until its shutdown in 1999. 

Moore was inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame in 2011.

Moore died on November 27, 2017 in Spartanburg at the age of 92.

References

Other websites
 Stats

Purple Heart recipients
1925 births
2017 deaths
NASCAR drivers
American military personnel of World War II
Sportspeople from South Carolina
People from Spartanburg, South Carolina
Richard Adams Cordray (born May 3, 1959) is an American lawyer and politician who was the first Director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau from 2012 to 2017. Before to his appointment, Cordray was Ohio's Attorney General, Solicitor General, and Treasurer.

Cordray left the agency in November 2017, with many people believing that he would declare his candidacy for Governor of Ohio in the 2018 gubernatorial election. He declared his candidacy in 2018 only to lose the general election to Republican Mike DeWine.

References

1959 births
Living people
Lawyers from Ohio
Directors of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
Politicians from Ohio
US Democratic Party politicians
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is an agency of the United States government. It was established by President Barack Obama in 2011.

What do they do?
It is responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector. They work within banks, credit unions, securities firms, payday lenders, mortgage-servicing operations, foreclosure relief services, debt collectors and other financial companies operating in the United States.

Creation
The CFPB's creation was made by the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, whose passage in 2010 was a legislative response to the financial crisis of 2007–08 and the eventual Great Recession. The CFPB was established as an independent agency, but this status is being reviewed by the U.S. Court of Appeals.

Leadership
The CFPB is headed by a chief who is appointed by the President for a five-year term. The bureau is also assisted by a Consumer Advisory Council, which is composed of at least six members who are recommended by regional Federal Reserve presidents.

The first director of the CFPB was Ohio politician Richard Cordray who served from 2012 through 2017. The current Director is Kathleen Kraninger since December 11, 2018.

2020 Supreme Court decision
The Supreme Court of the United State (SCOTUS), in a 5-to-4 decision, ruled June 29, 2020, that the structure of the CFPB violates the separation-of-powers clause of the constitution since the bill directed that the CFPB director could be removed by the president only for "cause," defined as "inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office.

List of directors
 Status

References

2011 establishments in the United States
United States government agencies
Patrícia Gabancho Ghielmetti (29 September 1952 – 28 November 2017) was an Argentine-born Spanish journalist and author. She was born in Buenos Aires. Her work and personal life were based in Barcelona, Spain. She wrote books on the history of Catalonia, the city life in Barcelona and on Tango.

Death
Gabancho died on 28 November 2017 in Barcelona of lung cancer at the age of 65.

Works
 Crònica de la independència
 El Besòs. El riu que mirava passar els trens
 El segle XX vist per les àvies, con Gemma Aixelà
 Despert entre adormits
 Carta a la societat catalana sobre l'immigració
 La postguerra cultural a Barcelona (1939-1959)
 Cultura rima amb confitura
 La batalla de l'Estatut
 El fil secret de la història
 A la intempèrie

References

1952 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in Spain
Argentine writers
Spanish writers
Argentine journalists
People from Barcelona
People from Buenos Aires
Spanish journalists
A unit load device, or ULD, (ULD) is a pallet or a container. It is used to load luggage, freight, and mail on wide-body aircraft and specific narrow-body aircraft. It allows a large quantity of cargo to be bundled into a single unit. As with other cargo transport, this leads to fewer units to load, it saves ground crews time and effort and helps prevent delayed flights. Each ULD has its own packing list (or manifest) so that its contents can be tracked.

Types
There are two kinds of unit load devices: pallets and boxes. The boxes are similar to shipping containers: they are mostly made with metal (usually aluminum) and have standard attachment points that let them be moved easily. The pallets are usually metal with sides that attach to a cargo net. Below is a table of sizes of ULDs. The volume listed is the internal volume, the size of the inside of the container.

References

Other websites

Aviation
Containers
Dhyan Chand (29 August 1905 – 3 December 1979) was an Indian field hockey player. He is known as the greatest field hockey player of all time. His skill is compared to footballer Pelé.

His birthday, 29th August, is celebrated as National Sports Day in India every year. He received the Padma Bhushan from the Government of India in 1956.

Chand earned three Olympic gold medals in field hockey. These were at the 1928, 1932, and 1936 games.

Early life
Dhyan Chand was born on 29 August 1905 in Allahabad. His father was in the British Indian Army, and he played hockey in the army. The family moved often because of army transfers. The family finally settled in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Chand joined the Indian Army at the age of 16. The Hindi word Chand literally means "the moon". Dhyan was given the nickname Chand because he would wait until the moon was out so that he could practice hockey.

International competitions
Chand's first international competition was with the Indian Army in New Zealand. The army later gave Chand permission to compete for a place on the Indian Olympic team for Field Hockey.

During the 1928 Olympics, Chand was the top scorer of the tournament, scoring 14 goals in 5 matches. A newspaper report about India's triumph said, “This is not a game of hockey, but magic. Dhyan Chand is in fact the magician of hockey.”

Chand was selected for the 1932 Olympic team without a tryout. The team once again won the gold medal. In the final on 11 August, India played against hosts USA. India won 24-1, a world record at the time.

Chand was again selected without tryout for the 1936 Olympic team. India defeated Germany 8-1 in the final for the gold medal. Chand scored 3 goals.

Legacy
The Dhyan Chand Award is an award in India for lifetime achievement in sports. The National Stadium, Delhi was renamed Dhyan Chand National Stadium in 2002 in his honour.

Family
Chand's younger brother, Roop Singh, played on the Indian Field Hockey team in the 1932 and 1936 Olympics. His son, Ashok Kumar, won an Olympic bronze medal in 1972 for Field Hockey.

Autobiography
Chand's autobiography, Goal!,  was published by Sport & Pastime, Madras in 1952.

Other websites
Reading of Dhyan Singh ‘Chand’: Hockey’s Magician

References

1905 births
1979 deaths
Field hockey players
Olympic gold medalists
Indian sportspeople
Autobiographers
People from Uttar Pradesh
Slobodan Praljak (2 January 1945 – 29 November 2017) was a Bosnian Croat engineer, movie and theatre director and army general. He was a general in the Croatian Army and the Croatian Defence Council, an army of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia. In 2013, he was one of six Bosnian Croat politicians sentenced at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) for war crimes during the Croat–Bosniak War. He was jailed for twenty years. He directed many television shows and one movie, Povratak Katarine Kozul (1989).

Praljak was born in Čapljina. He was married to Kaćuša Babić and had two stepchildren.

On 29 November 2017, Praljak drank cyanide at the ICTY in The Hague, Netherlands. He later died at a hospital of heart failure at the age of 72.

References

Other websites
 

1945 births
2017 deaths
Croatian people
Deaths from heart failure
Criminals who committed suicide
Engineers
Generals
Movie directors
People who committed suicide in prison custody
Prisoners
Suicides by poison

War criminals
The Shadows No. 2 is an extended play 45 rpm record released in 1961 by The Shadows. It was released on Columbia Records/EMI Records as SEG 8148 in mono and reached #12 in the UK EP charts in January, 1962.

All the songs on the record had previously been released on the album The Shadows, and more songs from the album were to be released on the EP The Shadows No. 3.  There appears never to have been a The Shadows No. 1.

The liner notes were written by Cliff Richard.

Track listing
Side 1
 "Shadoogie"  (Hank Marvin, Bruce Welch, Jet Harris, Tony Meehan)
 "Nivram"  (Marvin, Welsh, Harris)

Side 2
 "Baby My Heart"  (Sonny Curtis)
 "See You in My Drums" (Meeham)

References

Music
Robert Bosch GmbH or simply Bosch is a German multinational engineering and electronics company. Its headquarters is in Gerlingen, near Stuttgart, Germany.

Bosch's core products are automotive components including brakes, controls, electrical drives, electronics, fuel systems, generators, starter motors and steering systems; industrial products, such as including drives and controls, packaging technology and consumer goods; and building products, including household appliances, power tools, security systems and thermotechnology.

Bosch has more than 350 subsidiaries across over 60 countries and its products are sold in around 150 countries.

The company was founded by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart in 1886.

References

Other websites 
 Robert Bosch GmbH official website

Companies of Germany
Baden-Württemberg
1886 establishments in Europe
1880s establishments in Germany
Robert Batailly (2 March 1934 – 27 November 2017) was a French politician.

He was born in Bourg-de-Thizy, Batailly later moved to Lyon. Batailly was a member of the Radical Party, he sat on the European Parliament in 1989. Batailly was named a commander of the Legion of Honor in 2010.

Batailly died on 27 November 2017 at the age of 83.

References 

1934 births
2017 deaths
French politicians
Medel is a municipality of the district Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website

Municipalities of Graubünden
Rhäzuns is a municipality in Imboden in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

It is known for its mineral water brand Rhäzünser and the beer Rhäzünser Pils.

References

Municipalities of Graubünden
Tamins () is a municipality of the district of Imboden in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Graubünden
Trin is a municipality of the district Imboden in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. Crestasee is located in Trin.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Graubünden
Lukman Abdulkarim Haruna (born 4 December 1990) is a Nigerian football player. He played for FC Dynamo Kyiv. He played as a midfielder.

Club career statistics

International career statistics

Related pages 
 List of Nigerians

References 

1990 births
Nigerian footballers
People from Lagos
Living people
Lutter is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Related pages
 Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

References
INSEE commune file

Other websites 

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Günther Johannes Jauch (born 13 July 1956) is a German television presenter. He was born in Münster, Germany. He is a member of the Hamburg Jauch family, but currently lives in Potsdam, Brandenburg with his wife Thea (Dorothea) Jauch and his four children.

Jauch has produced and hosted the prime time TV programme Stern TV, a television news magazine programme, on the private German RTL national TV network since 1990.

Jauch together with Thomas Gottschalk is also part of the German TV show Die 2 - Gottschalk und Jauch gegen alle.

In 2015, shortly after Stefan Raab had announced the end of his TV career, Jauch declared publicly that he intends to gradually reduce his appearance on TV too; stating that he will eventually give up his political talk show Günther Jauch on ARD and to focus on his other TV shows such as Wer wird Millionär? on RTL.

References

1956 births
Living people
German journalists
German television presenters
Writers from North Rhine-Westphalia
Writers from Brandenburg
People from Münster
People from Potsdam
Sargans is a municipality in Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. As of December 2016, 6,063 people lived there.

Sargans is known for its castle, which dates from before the founding of the Swiss Confederation in 1291.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of St. Gallen
Cities in Switzerland
Luis Vicente Gutiérrez (born December 10, 1953) is an American politician. He was the U.S. Representative for , from 1993 to 2019. From 1986 until his election to Congress, he served as a member of the Chicago City Council representing the 26th ward. 

Gutiérrez is a member of the Democratic Party and was part of the Congressional Progressive Caucus.  In the 113th Congress, with his 20 years of service, Gutiérrez became, along with Bobby Rush, the longest serving member of the Illinois House delegation.

In November 2017, Gutierrez announced that he would retire from Congress at the end of his current term, and not seek re-election in 2018.

References

1953 births
Living people
United States representatives from Illinois
Politicians from Chicago
US Democratic Party politicians
Belmiro Mendes de Azevedo (17 February 1938 – 29 November 2017) was a Portuguese entrepreneur. He was born in Tuias, Marco de Canaveses.

Azevedo ranked by Forbes as the 605th richest person in the world (2008), as well as the 2nd richest in Portugal, with an estimated wealth of US$ 2 billion. He owned a controlling stake in Sonae SGPS. He was one of the largest business groups in Portugal, which also operates in Spain, Greece, Germany, Italy, Turkey and Brazil.

Azevedo died in the CUF Hospital in Porto on 29 November 2017 at the age of 79.

References

1938 births
2017 deaths
Portuguese businesspeople
Life Is Strange is a single-player graphic adventure video game. It was developed by Dontnod Entertainment. It was published by Square Enix. The game was released in five episodes during 2015 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One. A prequel, Before the Storm, was released in 2017. The first episode of the sequel, Life Is Strange 2, released in September 2018, with the other four parts to release over 2019.

The game features the protagonist, 18-year-old Max Caulfield, who finds out she can rewind time after saving her childhood friend, Chloe Price, from being killed. She must also try and stop an incoming storm that will hit her town Arcadia Bay, Oregon in the United States.

Episodes
 "Episode 1: Chrysalis" (30 January 2015)
 "Episode 2: Out of Time" (24 March 2015)
 "Episode 3: Chaos Theory" (19 May 2015)
 "Episode 4: Dark Room" (28 July 2015)
 "Episode 5: Polarized" (20 October 2015)

References

Other websites

 
 

2015 video games
Adventure games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Xbox One games
Ranbir Raj Kapoor (14 December 1924 – 2 June 1988) was an Indian movie actor, producer and director.

Kapoor is thought of as one of the greatest and most influential actors and moviemakers in the history of Indian cinema.  Kapoor won many awards. These include 3 National Film Awards and 11 Filmfare Awards in India. He was nominated twice for the Palme d'Or grand prize at the Cannes Film Festival. His performance  in Awaara was named one of the top ten greatest performances of all time by Time magazine. His movies were popular worldwide, particularly in Asia and Europe.  He was called "the Clark Gable of the Indian film industry".

The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1971.

Early life
Kapoor was born in 1924 to Prithviraj Kapoor and Ramsarni Devi Kapoor. The Kapoor family is well known for their acting and directing in India. Kapoor's father, brothers, children and grandchildren have had success as actors or producers.

Kapoor acted in his first movie when he was only 10 years old.

Career
Kapoor was the lead actor for the first time in Neel Kamal (1947). His co-star was Madhubala. In 1947, he started his own movie company, R. K. Films. At 24 years old, he directed his first movie Aag. His co-star was Nargis. He and Nargis worked together in 16 movies, 6 of these were produced by Kapoor. His first major success as an actor was in the movie Andaz directed by Mehboob Khan. Andaz was the second-highest earning movie in 1949. The highest earning movie that year was Barsaat, also starring Kapoor.

He went on to produce and star in several hit movies made by his company including  Awaara (1951), Shree 420 (1955), and Jagte Raho (1956). His movie Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai, directed by Radhu Karmakar, won Filmfare Award for Best Film. Kapoor also won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for the movie. The romantic musical movie Sangam was his first movie in colour.

In 1970, he produced, directed and starred in his movie Mera Naam Joker. The movie took more than six years to complete but it did not earn very much money. Later in 1973, his movie Bobby became the highest earning movie of the year and the second highest earning movie of the 1970s at the Indian box office. The movie was the first lead role for Kapoor's son, Rishi Kapoor.

Later movies produced and directed by Kapoor focused on the female lead character. The movie Prem Rog (1982) with Padmini Kolhapure won the Filmfare Award for Best Director.

Filmography

References

Other websites
 

1924 births
1988 deaths
Indian movie actors
Indian movie directors
Indian movie producers
Actors from Mumbai
Umberto Pettinicchio (born 1943) is an Italian painter and sculptor. He was born in Torremaggiore, a town in Apulia. Later, he moved to Milan. In Milan he studied art at the Accademia di Brera. He had his first exhibition in 1969. His early paintings were in the expressionist style. His later paintings were more abstract. His 1981 painting The Death of the Bull is held in the Museo de Arte Moderno y Contemporáneo de Santander y Cantabria.

Umberto Pettinicchio was trained at the Brera Academy and in 1969 he began to exhibit in his first solo exhibitions, including at the Nuova Sfera, Milan, 1973 (curated by Carlo Munari), in 1977 at the Rome Triptych, in 1974 at Il Castello di Milano, in 1975 (edited by Raffaele De Grada). In 1976 Pettinicchio opened his Milan studio in via Bolzano, where he produced some of his important works with which he achieved international fame.

In the 1980s, he was always present at the most important exhibitions (at the Salotto di Como in 1980, at Il Castello di Milano in 1981, at Il Mercante di Milano in 1982), and was also enriched by important Spanish exhibitions (Sargadelos, Barcelona, ​​1982 , Piquio, Santander, 1982, at the VIII Madrid Biennial, 1983).

Style 
The artist Umberto Pettinicchio has often dealt with the human figure in his pictorial research, initially in an expressionist style. Subsequently, his pictorial style becomes more and more abstract until finally reaching the Informal. Only a vaguely perceptible appearance remains of the figure, while, from a formal point of view, everything is distorted in the artist's pictorial gestures. Pettinicchio's gesture breaks the dimensional planes and transforms the human figure into a shapeless matter marked by large black lines. The one carried out by Pettinicchio seems a kind of brutalist operation in the vein of a Jean Dubuffet, but while the French gave much more importance to the subject, our artist solves everything through pictorial writing.

Related pages
 List of Italian painters

References

1943 births
People from Apulia
Living people
Italian painters
Italian sculptors
The Siege of Leningrad, also known as the Leningrad Blockade, was a siege in Leningrad during World War II. The siege started on 8 September 1941, when the last road to the city was severed. Although the Soviet Union forces managed to open a narrow path to the city on 18 January 1943, the siege was only stopped on 27 January 1944, 872 days after it began. It is thought of as one of the most destructive sieges ever to happen. It was possibly the heaviest in terms of casualties, killing over 1 million innocent people.
Also, because of the siege, no food was allowed to enter Leningrad, leaving the residents to eat things such as:
 Cats
 Sawdust
 Horses
 Wallpaper paste
 Human flesh (e.g babies)
 Anything that could be salvaged and was edible

Because of the German operations, no people or supply trucks were allowed to enter or leave the city, leaving the occupants without food often for weeks or months.

Related pages
Symphony No. 7 "Leningrad" (Shostakovich)

References 

World War II
Saint Petersburg
Leningrad
Kirsty Anna MacColl (10 October 1959 – 18 December 2000) was a British singer and songwriter. She performed the songs "They Don't Know" (1979) and "There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis" (1981). She also made cover versions of "A New England" by Billy Bragg and "Days" by The Kinks. She is well-known for singing on the Christmas song "Fairytale of New York" by The Pogues. She performed on many songs produced by her husband Steve Lillywhite.

MacColl was born in Croydon, Surrey, England. She was the daughter of folk singer Ewan MacColl (1915–1989) and dancer Jean Newlove (1923–2017). She was married to Lillywhite from 1984 to 1994. The couple had two sons, Jamie and Louis.

MacColl died in an accident on 18 December 2000 in Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico. She was 41. She had been diving in a reef with her sons when a motorboat entered the restriced area. She was able to pull her son Jamie to safety but was hit by the propeller in doing so. She died at the moment of impact.

References

Other websites

 

1959 births
2000 deaths
Accidental deaths
English pop singers
English singer-songwriters
Manslaughter victims
Singers from Surrey
Eluru is the largest city in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is on the banks of Tammileru river. Eluru is one of the 14 municipal corporations, and headquarters of the Vijayawada mandal and West Godavari district. The city is well known for its wool-pile carpets and hand woven products.

Eluru Railway station is the major railway station which serves the city, others being Powerpet, Vatlur and Denduluru stations. Eluru is well connected to road and state run APS RTC bus services from major cities from Eluru New Bus Station and ariport is near to gannavaram that's about 35kms from eluru .

References

Settlements in Andhra Pradesh
Cities in India
Robert Brydon Jones  (born 3 May 1965), better known as Rob Brydon, is a Welsh actor, comedian, radio and television presenter, singer and impressionist. He has acted in Supernova, Gavin & Stacey, Marion and Geoff, The Keith Barret Show and Little Britain. Since 2009, he has hosted the BBC One comedy panel show Would I Lie to You?.

Brydon was born in Baglan, Glamorgan, Wales. He was married to Martina Jones until 2000. They had three children, daughters Katie and Amy, and son Harry. Since 2006, he has been married to Claire Holland. They have two sons, Tom and George. He is a fan of Swansea City Association Football Club.

References

Other websites

 
 

1965 births
Living people
Actors from Glamorgan
British comedians
British radio personalities
British television presenters
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Musicians from Glamorgan
Welsh movie actors
Welsh singers
Welsh television actors
Welsh voice actors
Lee Gordon McKillop (born 4 August 1968), better known as Lee Mack, is a British comedian and actor. He is best known for creating and starring in the sitcom Not Going Out (2006–present). He is also known for being a "captain" on the panel show Would I Lie to You?. He has also presented the panel shows They Think It's All Over and Duck Quacks Don't Echo.

Mack was born in Blackburn, Lancashire, England. His parents later separated and Mack moved to Southport. He married Tara McKillop in 2005. They have three children. He has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

References

Other websites

 

1968 births
Living people
Actors from Lancashire
British stand-up comedians
Comedians from Lancashire
English autobiographers
English television actors
Thomas Frederick "Tommy" Cooper (19 March 1921 – 15 April 1984) was a British prop comedian and magician. He was famous for wearing a red fez, his large build and failing magic tricks as part of his comedy. He was actually a skilled magician and was a member of The Magic Circle.

Cooper was born in Caerphilly, Glamorgan, Wales. He was married to Gwen Henty from 1947 until his death. They had two children, daughter Victoria and son Thomas (1956–1988), who became an actor.

Cooper died due to a heart attack on 15 April 1984 at Her Majesty's Theatre in London. He was 63. He was performing as part of his comedy routine on live television when he slumped to the ground because of the heart attack. He died shortly after.

References

Other websites
 Tommy Cooper at Biography Online

1921 births
1984 deaths
British stand-up comedians
Cardiovascular disease deaths in London
Deaths from myocardial infarction
British magicians
Welsh entertainers
Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. is an American sitcom television series. It ran for five seasons from 1964 to 1969, producing a total of 150 episodes. It became a spin-off of the American sitcom The Andy Griffith Show after the character Gomer Pyle became very popular. Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. was produced in what is now Paramount Television Studios. It originally aired on CBS.

Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. stars Jim Nabors as the main character, Gomer Pyle, who joins the United States Marine Corps as a Private First Class. It also stars Frank Sutton as Sergeant Carter who does not like Pyle's antics and finds ways to keep Pyle out of his way.

American television
1964 television series debuts
1969 television series endings
American sitcoms
CBS network shows
English-language television programs
The 2001 southern Peru earthquake happened on Saturday, June 23, 2001 at around 3:30 PM local time. It had a magnitude of 8.4. It was felt by many parts of southern Peru, a country in South America. It is one of the deadliest earthquakes ever recorded in Peru.

References

Earthquakes in the 2000s
Peru
An opinion poll shows what a large group of chosen people think about the poll's topic. An opinion poll usually has a set of choices from which the chosen person may choose as his opinion. The number of people that select each choice is recorded. These numbers are then written as percentages of the overall group. This gives a general idea of how many people in a certain group agree or disagree on a certain topic.

Social sciences
Ethereum is a system on the Internet where people can make deals. Ether is type of money which uses the Ethereum system to make sure that every person gets the right amount in every deal.

Ethereum was proposed in late 2013 by Vitalik Buterin, a cryptocurrency researcher and programmer. Many people donated money to support the development of the system in what was one of the first initial coin offerings. The system came online on 30 July 2015, with 72 million coins. 

In 2016, Ethereum split into two separate versions: Ethereum and Ethereum Classic. 

Ethereum has started implementing a series of upgrades called Ethereum 2.0, which includes a transition to proof of stake and aims to increase transaction throughput using sharding.

Overview 
Ether is a type of money that is decentralized, which means that there's no company, bank or government that oversees it. Instead, it uses the Ethereum network of computers spread around the world, which keep track of every payment of ether. As in other cryptocurrencies, Ethereum keeps track of payments by using a blockchain, which is a growing registry of every payment. This blockchain is open for everyone to read, and it is spread across the network so that everyone can check what payments have been made. This also protects against hacking or theft of money from the system, because if the blockchain was to be altered in some computers then it would be noticed that it is not identical with the others.

Ether is a form of cryptocurrency, which means that it is decentralized, and also means that people can use it for payments without revealing who they are. Instead, people can use the Ethereum system by addresses (also called keys) which they can keep secret from others. The Ether coin can be transferred between accounts and used as a payment mechanism. The Ether coin is mined and used as compensation to miners for verifying transactions.

History 
Ethereum was initially described in a white paper by Vitalik Buterin, a programmer and co-founder of Bitcoin Magazine in late 2013. His goal was to build decentralized applications.          

Ethereum was announced at the North American Bitcoin Conference in Miami, in January 2014. During the conference, Gavin Wood, Charles Hoskinson, and Anthony Di Iorio (who financed the project) rented a house in Miami with Buterin to develop a fuller sense of what Ethereum might become.         

In January 2018, Ethereum was the second largest cryptocurrency in terms of market capitalization, behind only Bitcoin. As of 2021, it maintained that relative position.            

In 2019, Ethereum Foundation employee Virgil Griffith was arrested by the US government for presenting at a blockchain conference in North Korea.            

On 27 August 2021, the blockchain experienced a brief fork that was the result of clients running different incompatible software versions.

References 

Cryptocurrency
Software
Adarsh Sein Anand (1 November 1936 – 1 December 2017) was an Indian politician and lawyer. He served as the 29th Chief Justice of India from 10 October 1998 to 31 October 2001. He was also Chief Justice of the Madras High Court (1989–1992) and the Jammu and Kashmir High Court (1985–1989). He was born in Jammu.

Anand died on 1 December 2017 in Noida at the age of 81.

References

1936 births
2017 deaths
Chief Justices of India
Indian lawyers
Allianz SE is a German financial services company. It is headquartered in Munich, Germany. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. The company was founded in 1890.

It has over 70 countries and has around 147,000 employees.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

1890 establishments in Europe
Banks of Germany
Insurance companies
Munich
1890s establishments in Germany
Vals is a municipality of the district Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2015 the former municipality of St. Martin merged into the municipality of Vals.

It is known for its mineral water brand Valser.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 Therme Vals 
 Archipreneur's Journey to Vals

Municipalities of Graubünden
Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland
Spa towns
Sagogn is a municipality of the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Graubünden
smart is a brand of microcars and superminis based in Böblingen, Germany. It is a division of Daimler AG. The brand was started in 1994.

Current models 
 Smart Fortwo
 Smart Fortwo Cabrio
 Smart Forfour

Historic models 
 Smart City Coupe
 Smart Crossblade
 Smart electric drive
 Smart EV
 Smart K
 Smart Roadster

Concept models 
 Smart Crosstown
 Smart Formore
 Smart Forspeed
 Smart Forstars
 Smart Forvision
 Smart Tridion4

Other websites 
 Official website

1994 establishments in Germany
Automobile companies of Germany
Baden-Württemberg
Lutterbach is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Sumvitg is a municipality of the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website (in Romansh)/

Municipalities of Graubünden
Delsa Solórzano Bernal is a Venezuelan politician and lawyer, vice president of the social democratic party Un Nuevo Tiempo, was a deputy to the Latin American Parliament, Venezuela Chapter, period 2011-2016.

She is the daughter of the political leaders César Orlando Solorzano and Esperanza de Solorzano. Married to the lawyer Luis Izquiel, Venezuelan criminal and constitutionalist and mother of a son. She is a deputy to the National Assembly of Venezuela, for the period 2016-2021, and is president of the Permanent Commission of Domestic Policy of the National Assembly of Venezuela. She is Vice-President of the Human Rights Commission of Parliamentarians of the Inter-Parliamentary Union

References

1971 births
Venezuelan people
Living people
Dr. Oetker is a German food company that produces baking powder, cake mixes, yogurts, frozen pizza, pudding, cake decoration, cornflakes and various other products.

The company is a wholly-owned branch of the Oetker Group.

It is headquartered in Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia.

The company was founded by Doctor August Oetker in 1891.

Other websites 
 Official international homepage of Dr. Oetker 
 Dr. August Oetker Group

1890s establishments in Germany
1891 establishments in Europe
Companies of Germany
Food companies of Europe
Bielefeld
Robert Swan Mueller III (; born August 7, 1944) is an American lawyer and civil servant. He was the sixth Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from 2001 to 2013. He is a Republican. He was appointed by President George W. Bush and his original ten-year term was given a two-year extension by President Barack Obama. 

Mueller is the longest-serving FBI director since J. Edgar Hoover. He is currently head of the Special Counsel investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.

References

Other websites

Profile at the Federal Bureau of Investigation and staff

Robert Mueller 

1944 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Lawyers from New York City
Directors of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Politicians from New York City
US Republican Party politicians
Saintes is a French commune and historic town, a subprefecture in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France. It is in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Saintes.

Before the French Revolution, Saintes was the capital of the old province of Saintonge.

Geography
Saintes is in the central eastern part of the Charente-Maritime department, in the old province of Saintonge, along the Charente river that flows through the commune from south to north.

The commune has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The distances from Saintes to other cities are:
 Paris, the national capital - ;
 Bordeaux, the regional capital - ;
 Toulouse - ;
 Reims - ;
 Lyon - ;
 Montpellier - ;
 Strasbourg - ;
 Nantes - ;
 Marseille - .

The commune of Saintes is surrounded by the communes:

Climate
The climate of Saintes, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Population
The inhabitants of this city are known, in French, as Saintais (women: Saintaises).

With a population of 25,149, Saintes has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Saintes

Administration 
Saintes is a subprefecture of the Charente-Maritime department, the capital of the arrondissement of Saintes and the administrative centre () of the canton of Saintes.

It is part of the intercommunality CA Saintes ().

Twinned and partner towns 
Saintes is twinned with:
  Nivelles, Belgium
  Xanten, Germany
  Timbuktu, Mali
  Vladimir, Russia
  Salisbury, England
  Cuevas del Almanzora, Spain

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Saintes
 Communes of the Charente-Maritime department

References

Other websites

 Ville de Saintes website 
 Tourist Office Saintes & Saintonge 

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Charente-Maritime
General Charles Clarence McDonald (October 1, 1933 – November 22, 2017) was a United States Air Force general. He served as Commander, Air Force Logistics Command (COMAFLC) from  1989 to 1992.

From August 1979 to February 1981 McDonald was commander of the 320th Bombardment Wing, Mather Air Force Base, California. Under his command the wing won the Fairchild Trophy, awarded to the top bomber wing in the Strategic Air Command for combined bombing and navigational excellence.

He was promoted to general November 1, 1989, with same date of rank, and retired June 30, 1992. 

McDonald died on November 22, 2017 in Niceville, Florida of ALS-related complications at the age of 84.

References

1933 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from motor neurone disease
Disease-related deaths in Florida
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Wisconsin
Aminul Islam (1 January 1935 – 29 November 2017) was a Bangladeshi academic. He was the president of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences. He was a fellow of the academy since 1978.

References

1935 births
2017 deaths
Bangladeshi people
Bangladeshi educators
Recipients of Independence Day Award
Clifford "Cliff" Williams (born 14 December 1949) is a former British musician. He is best known as a member of the Australian hard rock band AC/DC. He was a member of the band between 1977 and 2016 as their bassist and backing singer. He, along with AC/DC, were added to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003.

Williams was born in Romford, Essex, England. His wife, Georganne, is from Colorado. They have two children, Erin (born 1985) and Luke (born 1986).

References

Other websites

 Cliff Williams at Ampeg

1949 births
Living people
English rock guitarists
English rock singers
Musicians from Essex
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees
Charles E. Merrill Jr. (1920 – November 29, 2017) was an American educator, author, and philanthropist. He was best known for supporting historically black colleges and founding the Commonwealth School in Boston.

Merrill Jr. died on November 29, 2017, in Nowy Sącz, Poland at the age of 97.

References

Other websites
 Commonwealth School Website 
 Article re Merrill College at UC Santa Cruz 

1920 births
2017 deaths
Harvard University alumni
Educators from Massachusetts
American philanthropists
Writers from Massachusetts
Colin Peter Groves (24 June 1942 – 30 November 2017) was an Australian Professor of Biological Anthropology at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia.

Groves was born in England. He emigrated to Australia in 1973 and joined the Australian National University, where he was promoted to full Professor in 2000

Groves died on 30 November 2017 in Canberra at the age of 75.

His research interests included human evolution, primates, mammalian taxonomy, skeletal analysis, biological anthropology, ethnobiology and biogeography. He was a member of the Australian Skeptics and had many published skeptical papers, as well as research papers covering his other research interests. He also conducted regular debates with creationists and anti-evolutionists.

References

Other websites
 The Groves Collection at No Answers in Genesis
 ANU Faculty Homepage
 ANU Researcher Profile page

1942 births
2017 deaths
Australian writers
Australian educators
People from Canberra
Marina Lavrentievna Popovich (née Vasiliyeva; July 20, 1931 – November 30, 2017) was a Soviet Air Force colonel, engineer, and legendary Soviet test pilot. She held 102 aviation world records set on over 40 types of aircraft. She was one of the most famous pilots in Russian history, and one of the most important female pilots of all time.

References

Other websites
 Records at fai.org

1931 births
2017 deaths
Military people
Russian scientists
Russian engineers