cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dirty Dancing is a 1987 American romantic drama movie directed by Emile Ardolino. It is set in 1963 in the Catskill Mountains, New York. It stars Jennifer Grey as a 17 year old on vacation and Patrick Swayze as the resort's dance instructor. The movie did very well at the box office and it became a cult classic.

A remake was released in 2017.

Release dates

Other websites 

1987 drama movies
1987 romance movies
1980s coming-of-age movies
1980s romantic drama movies
1980s teen drama movies
1980s teen romance movies
American coming-of-age movies
American romantic drama movies
American teen drama movies
American teen romance movies
Coming-of-age drama movies
Coming-of-age romance movies
Dance movies
English-language movies
Movies about vacationing
Movies set in New York
Movies set in the 1960s
Movies that won the Best Original Song Academy Award
American independent movies
Lionsgate movies
Cursive is an American indie rock band, from Omaha, Nebraska, formed in 1995. They are currently signed by Saddle Creek Records. The discography of Cursive, consists of six studio albums, one compilation album, nine slipts/EPs, six promo-singles, and eleven music videos.

Members 
 Current members
Tim Kasher – lead vocals, organ, piano, keyboards, guitars (1995–present)
Ted Stevens – guitars, additional keyboards, backing vocals (1999–present)
Matt Maginn – bass, additional keyboards (1995–present)
Cully Symington – drums, percussion (2009–present)
 Former members
Steve Pedersen – guitars (1995–1998)
Gretta Cohn – cello (2001-2005)
Clint Schnase – drums, percussion (1995–2008)
Matthew Compton – drums, percussion (2008-2009)

Discography 

 Studio albums
Such Blinding Stars for Starving Eyes (1997, Crank! Records)
The Storms of Early Summer: Semantics of Song (1998, Saddle Creek Records)
Domestica (2000, Saddle Creek Records)
The Ugly Organ (2003, Saddle Creek Records) US Indie #9 / US Heat #19
Happy Hollow (2006, Saddle Creek Records) US #96 / US Indie #8
Mama, I'm Swollen (2009, Saddle Creek Records) US #104 / US Indie #11
I Am Gemini (2012, Saddle Creek Records)

 Compilation albums
The Difference Between Houses and Homes (2005) US Indie #37 / US Heat #21

 Slipts / EPs
 The Disruption (1996, Lumberjack Records)
 Sucker and Dry (1997, Zero Hour Records)
 The Icebreaker 7" (1998, Saddle Creek Records)
 Silver Scooter / Cursive (1999, Crank! Records)
 Burst and Bloom (2001, Saddle Creek Records)
 Small Brown Bike / Cursive (2001, Makoto Records)
 8 Teeth to Eat You (2002, Better Looking Records / Five One Records)
 Cursive / Ladyfinger (ne) (2009, Saddle Creek Records)
 The Sun and Moon (2012, Saddle Creek Records)

 Promotional singles
 Art Is Hard (2003) - The Ugly Organ
 The Recluse (2004) - The Ugly Organ
 Dorothy at Forty (2007) - Happy Hollow
 Bad Sects (2007) - Happy Hollow
 Big Bang (2007) - Happy Hollow
 Discovering America (2010) - n/a

 Singles / videography
 Bloody Murderer (2003) - The Ugly Organ
 Some Red Handed Sleight of Hand (2003) - The Ugly Organ
 Art Is Hard (2003) - The Ugly Organ
 The Recluse (2004) - The Ugly Organ
 A Disruption in the Normal Swing of Things (2005) - The Difference Between Houses and Homes
 Dorothy at Forty (2006) - Happy Hollow
 Big Bang (2007) - Happy Hollow
 Bad Sects (2007) - Happy Hollow
 From the Hips (2009) - Mama, I'm Swollen
 I Couldn't Love You (2009) - Mama, I'm Swollen
 Let Me Up (2009) - Mama, I'm Swollen

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 MySpace 

1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Emo bands
Post-hardcore bands
Musicians from Omaha, Nebraska
Ternary form is a musical form. It is also called song form or minuet and trio. These forms all have three distinct sections. The three sections are written in shorthand as ABA. The music in the A sections is the same, or very nearly the same. The music in the B section is different from the A sections. The B section usually provides some sort of musical contrast to the A sections. It may be composed in a different but related key, for example. The B section is often called the "trio", especially in minuets, scherzi, marches, polonaises, etc. The B section came to be called the "trio" because a Baroque composer consistently scored this section in his minuets for three instruments.

Sources
 "Binary and ternary form" in the Harvard Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. rev. and enlarged (1969). Willi Apel, ed. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
 See "Trio (2)" in the Harvard Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. rev. and enlarged (1969). Willi Apel, ed. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press

Song forms
Musical forms
La Dispute is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2004 in Grand Rapids, Michigan. They have released two albums and seven EPs. The band consists of Jordan Dreyer (vocals), Brad Vander Lugt (drums), Chad Sterenberg and Kevin Whittemore (guitars) and Adam Vass (bass). La Dispute released two full-leght albums, three singles, one musical video, five EPs and two slipts.

Style
The genre of the band is post-hardcore and experimental rock, with blues and spoken word. They also play music which sound like screamo, progressive rock, post-rock, melodic hardcore, metalcore, emo, hardcore punk. and "screamo-revival". The band influences are Thursday, Refused, At the Drive-In and Glassjaw. Brad Vander Lugt cites blues and jazz influences too.

Members 
Current members
Jordan Dreyer - lead vocals (since 2004)
Chad Sterenberg - rhythm guitar, synthesizers, trumpet, glockenspiel, percussion, backing vocals (since 2006)
Kevin Whittemore - lead guitar, backing vocals (since 2004)
Adam Vass - bass, baritone guitar, additional guitars, backing vocals (since 2006)
Brad Vanger Lugt - drums, piano, keyboards, percussion backing vocals (since 2004)

Former members
Derek Sterenberg - rhythm guitar (2004–2006)
Adam Kool - bass (2004–2006)

Discography 
Albums
Somewhere At the Bottom of the River Between Vega and Altair (No Sleep Records, 2008)
Wildlife (No Sleep Records, 2011) US #161 / US Heat #6 / US Indie #27

 Extended Playss
Vancouver (Friction Records, 2006)
Untitled 7" (Forest Life Records, 2008)
Here, Hear. (Forest Life Records, 2008)
Here, Hear II.(No Sleep Records, 2008)
Here, Hear III. (Self-released, 2009)
Searching For A Pulse/The Worth Of The World (with Touché Amoré) (No Sleep Records, 2010)
Never Come Undone (with Koji) (No Sleep Records, 2011)

 Singles
 Such Small Hands (2009) - Somewhere At the Bottom of the River Between Vega and Altair
 The Most Beautiful Bitter Fruit (2011) - Wildlife
 Harder Harmonies (2011) - Wildlife

References

Other websites 
 Official website
 Official MySpace
 Official Facebook

American punk bands
American rock bands
Post-hardcore bands
Emo bands
Blues bands
Musical groups from Michigan
Grand Rapids, Michigan
Musical groups established in 2004
2004 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Michigan
Staffa is an island in the Inner Hebrides off the north-west of Scotland. It is famous for Fingal's Cave and other examples of basalt columns. No-one lives there.

The islands became part of the Kingdom of Mann and the Isles, the Suðreyjar kingdom of the Norse. The Norsemen ruled for over 400 years until sovereignty was transferred to Scotland by the Treaty of Perth in 1266. The islands were then held by the Clans MacLeod and MacDonald, but Staffa was not regularly inhabited.

Geology 
This small island is entirely of volcanic origin. It consists of a basement of tuff, underneath colonnades of a black fine-grained Tertiary basalt, overlying which is a third layer of basalt lava. Slow cooling of the second layer of basalt resulted in an extraordinary pattern of hexagonal columns which form the faces and walls of the principal caves. The lava contracted as it cooled and solidified into columns, a process known as columnar jointing.

The columns have three to eight sides, six being most common. The columns are also divided horizontally by cross joints. Similar formations are found at the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, on the island of Ulva and Ardmeanach on the Isle of Mull. The 'Staffa Group' is the name given to the series of olivine basalts found in and around Mull. The volcanic eruptions took place 55–58 million years ago.

References 

Inner and Outer Hebrides
Good Charlotte is the debut studio album by American pop punk band, Good Charlotte. Good Charlotte was released on September 26, 2000. It was the first and last album to feature Aaron Escolopio on the drums. All of the songs except for "Let Me Go" and "Seasons" were written by Benji and Joel Madden. "Let Me Go" and "Seasons" were written by Benji Madden, Joel Madden and Josh Ian.

Songs

2000 release

Japanese release

2003 re-release

References

2000 albums
Good Charlotte albums
Pop punk albums
The Fall of the House of Usher is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It was first published in September 1839 in Burton's Gentleman's Magazine. It was slightly revised in 1840 and published in a collection of Poe's stories called Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque. The poem "The Haunted Palace" is part of the story. Vincent Price and Myrna Fahey starred in a 1960 Roger Corman movie based on the story.

Story 
This story is by an unnamed narrator who is a friend of Roderick Usher-who believes he is sick and dying.  His house is crumbling. Usher has a sister, Madeleine. She falls into a catatonic state. She appears dead.

Roderick knows she is not dead. He places her in the family tomb. On a stormy night, she rises from the tomb. She falls upon her brother. She is dead. Her brother dies from terror. The house crumbles and falls. The narrator flees and sees the spot where the house was has been covered by water.

Other websites 

 
  (audiobook)
 Full text as reprinted in The Works of the Late Edgar Allan Poe (1850)
 Full text at Bartelby.com
 "The Fall of the House of Usher" with annotated vocabulary at PoeStories.com
 Full text  at American Literature
 Study guide
 Analysis by Martha Womack

19th-century American short stories
Short stories by Edgar Allan Poe
"Snow White" is a fairy tale. It is known around the world in various versions. Early printed versions are found in Giambattista Basile's Pentamerone (1634) and in J. K. Musäus's German Folktales (1782). The Brothers Grimm recorded a version called "Little Snow White" () in 1812 in their Children's and Household Tales. The Grimms' story is probably the best-known version of "Snow White" today. "Snow White" has been adapted many times to plays, movies, and television programs. Walt Disney adapted the Grimms version to an animated movie in 1937 called Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

Story 
A queen gives birth to a daughter. She names her Snow White. The queen dies. Snow White's father marries an evil woman. This evil queen has a magic mirror that tells her she is the fairest in the land. One day the mirror names Snow White as the fairest. The queen is jealous. She decides to kill Snow White. The queen's huntsman takes the child into the woods to kill her. He allows her to escape.

Snow White comes to a cottage in the forest. It belongs to seven dwarfs. They allow her to live with them. She does the housework. The evil queen learns Snow White is still alive. She decides to kill Snow White herself. She disguises herself as an old woman. She tries to kill Snow White first with a bodice lace and then with a poisoned comb. She fails. Snow White lives. At last the queen gives Snow White a poisoned apple. The child falls down as if dead.  

The dwarfs place her in a glass coffin on a mountain top. One day a prince rides by. He falls in love with her. The dwarfs give him permission to take the coffin to his castle. The prince's friends lift the coffin. The bit of poisoned apple in Snow White's throat is loosened. She awakens.  The prince rejoices. He marries Snow White. The evil queen is forced to dance in red-hot iron shoes until she drops dead.

References

Other websites 
The Annotated Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, including variants from other countries 
 Text of "Little Snow-white" from "Household Tales by Brothers Grimm" on Project Gutenberg

Grimms' Fairy Tales
Moonshine (also called white lightning, mountain dew, hooch, "Tennessee white whiskey", and many other names) is an alcoholic drink that is made illegally. But is usually hidden well from the law.

In movies 
In 1958 Robert Mitchum made a film "Thunder Road"  about a moonshine "runner" who makes one last-and fatal run.

The part of the "runner" being killed was loosely based on the death of a actual runner named Rufus Gunther of Cocke County Tennessee in January 1953

The movie part of the burning car going over the cliff was reused in the  1963 Perry Mason episode "The Case of the Bouncing Boomerang"

References

Alcoholic drink
Illegal drugs
Rochelle Eulah Eileen Wiseman (born 21 March 1989) is a British pop singer and actress. She was born in Barking, London to a British mother and Sierra Leonean father. She was a member of S Club 8. Since 2007, she is a member of girl group The Saturdays.

She is married to Marvin Humes of JLS. The couple have a daughter.

References

Other websites 

Black British actors
Black British musicians
British child singers
English movie actors
English pop singers
English television actors
People from the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham
Singers from London
1989 births
Living people
Angels in the Outfield is a 1994 American fantasy sports comedy movie. It stars Danny Glover. The movie is about baseball and is set in Los Angeles.

Other websites 

1994 comedy movies
1990s fantasy movies
1990s sports movies
1990s American comedy movies
1990s American fantasy movies
American sports movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
Sports comedy movies
Disney movies
Jamal Woolard (born July 8, 1975) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, rapper, and comedian. He is best known for portraying The Notorious B.I.G. in Notorious.

Awards and nominations
 BET Awards
 2009: Best Actor, Nominated

 Black Reel Awards
 2010: Best Breakthrough Performance (Notorious), Nominated
 2010: Best Ensemble (Notorious), Nominated

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Comedians from New York City
American movie actors
Rap musicians from New York
Actors from New York City
Singers from New York City
Living people
1975 births
Thursday was an American emo band, formed in New Brunswick, New Jersey, at 1997. The group has released six full-length albums, one compilation album, four EPs and one slipt. The band separates in November 22, 2011.

Discography 
 Studio albums
 Waiting' (December 6, 1999, Eyeball Records)
 Full Collapse (October 18, 2001, Victory Records) US #178 / US Indie #9 / US Heat #10
 War All the Time (September 16, 2003, Island Records) US #7 / UK #62
 A City by the Light Divided (May 2, 2006, Island Records) US #20 / UK #112
 Common Existence (February 17, 2009, Epitaph Records) US #56 / US Indie #4
 No Devolución (April 12, 2011, Epitaph Records) US #63 / US Indie #11

 Compilation albums
 Kill the House Lights (October 30, 2007, Victory Records) US #113 / US Indie #10

 EPs
 1999 Summer Tour EP (July 1999, Self-released)
 Five Stories Falling (October 22, 2002, Victory Records) US #197 / US Indie #10 / US Heat #6
 Live from the SoHo & Santa Monica Stores (November 11, 2003, Island Records)
 Live in Detroit (December 2003, Island Records)

 Slipts
 Thursday / Envy (November 4, 2008, Temporary Residence Records)

 SinglesUnderstanding in a Car Crash (2001, Full Collapse)Cross Out the Eyes (2002, Full Collapse)Standing on the Edge of Summer (2002, Full Collapse)For the Workforce, Drowning (2003, War All the Time) UK #83Signals Over the Air (2003, War All the Time) UK #62 / US Alt. #30War All the Time (2004, War All the Time)Counting 5-4-3-2-1 (2006, A City by the Light Divided)At This Velocity (2007, A City by the Light Divided)Ladies and Gentlemen: My Brother, the Failure (2007, Kill the House Lights)Dead Songs (2007, Kill the House Lights)Resuscitation of a Dead Man (2009, Common Existence)Past and Future Ruins / Paper Lung'' (2011, No Devolución

Members 
Current members
Geoff Rickly – lead vocals (since 1997)
Tim Payne – bass (since 1997)
Tom Keeley – lead guitar, backing vocals (since 1997)
Steve Pedulla – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (since 2000)
Tucker Rule – drums, percussion (since 1997)
Andrew Everding – keyboards, synthesizer, backing vocals (since 2002)

 Former members
Bill Henderson – rhythm guitar (1997–2000)

References

Other websites 
Official website

Post-hardcore bands
American punk bands
Emo bands
Musical groups from New Jersey
Monticello was the home of President Thomas Jefferson. It is near Charlottesville, Virginia. It is now a National Historic Landmark. 

It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

History
Jefferson designed the house based on the principles of Andrea Palladio. Construction began in 1768. Jefferson moved in two years later. He remodelled the house after picking up ideas in Europe. The house is located on a peak in the Southwest Mountains. Its name is Italian for "Little Mountain". Slave quarters were located 300 feet south of the house on Mulberry Row. These quarters were occupied by slaves working in the house. The slaves working in the fields lived in another place. A cabin on Mulberry Row was once the home of Sally Hemings. She was a slave who had a long relationship with Jefferson after his wife died. She gave birth to six of his children. An image of the house has appeared on the United States nickel and on the two-dollar bill. Monticello became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987. It has been owned and operated by the Thomas Jefferson Foundation since 1923.

Gallery

Panoramas

Related pages 
List of World Heritage Sites in the United States

References

Other websites

Thomas Jefferson's Monticello, official site
The Monticello Explorer, an interactive multimedia look at the house
Thomas Jefferson Wiki 
Monticello Association, private lineage society of Jefferson descendants
Tour Experience of Monticello
Jefferson's Dome at Monticello
A photographic collection of Thomas Jefferson's architecture
"Thomas Jefferson Lived Here." Popular Mechanics, August 1954, pp. 97–103/212.
"Life Portrait of Thomas Jefferson", broadcast from Monticello

Presidential homes in the United States
World Heritage Sites in the United States
1772 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
18th-century establishments in Virginia
Lincoln Home National Historic Site preserves the home of Abraham Lincoln and his wife Mary Todd Lincoln in Springfield, Illinois. The Lincolns bought the house in 1844. They lived there until 1861 when Lincoln became the 16th President of the United Sates. The site includes a four-block historic district and a visitor's center. Lincoln's son, Robert Todd Lincoln donated the family home to the State of Illinois in 1887. He wanted the house to be well-maintained forever. He also wanted the house to be open to the public at no charge. The home and the historic district became a National Historic Site on August 18, 1971. The house has two floors and 12 rooms. It was the only house Lincoln ever owned.

Other websites 
 Official NPS website: Lincoln Home National Historic Site
 National Historic Landmark information 
 Lincoln Home National Historic Site:A Place of Growth and Memory, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
"Life Portrait of Abraham Lincoln", broadcast from Lincoln Home National Historic Site

Presidential homes in the United States
Abraham Lincoln
Buildings and structures in Springfield, Illinois
Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie is a long poem. It was written by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. It was published in 1847. The poem is about a girl named Evangeline. She searches for her lost love Gabriel. Longfellow got the idea for the poem from his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne. He modelled the poem on the Greek and Roman classics. Evangeline is one of Longfellow's most popular works.

Story 
Evangeline is a girl of Acadie, a place in Canada. She is engaged to Gabriel. They are separated when the British deport the Acadians from Acadie in the Great Upheaval. She searches for him across America. This takes many years. Sometimes she is close to him without knowing he is near. Finally she settles in Philadelphia. She grows old. She works as a Sister of Mercy among the poor. She tends the dying during an epidemic. She finds Gabriel among the sick. He dies in her arms.

Gallery

Other websites 

1850 edition of Evangeline at Google Book Search
Longfellow-Evangeline State Park  in Louisiana
Grand-Pré National Historic Site of Canada
Audio excerpt read by Layne Longfellow; music by Michael Hoppé 

19th-century American poems
Poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
"The Village Blacksmith" is a poem. It was written by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. It was published in 1841 in Longfellow's book, Ballads and Other Poems. 

The real  blacksmith of the poem was Dexter Pratt. He was Longfellow's neighbor. The first lines of the poem are well-known: "Under a spreading chestnut tree / The village smithy stands." 

In 1879, children in Cambridge, Massachusetts gave Longfellow a chair. It was made from the chestnut tree of the poem.

Other websites 
 1890 illustrated version at Google Book Search

19th-century American poems
Poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
"The Wreck of the Hesperus" is a poem. It was written by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. It was published in 1842 in Longfellow's book, Ballads and Other Poems. His inspiration for the poem was a bad storm in 1839. The storm destroyed 20 ships and killed 40 people. A dead woman was found in the sea tied to a mast.

Story 
A proud sea captain takes his little daughter aboard his ship to keep him company. A seaman warns him a storm is approaching. He does not pay attention to this seaman. The storm hits. The captain ties his daughter to the mast. He does not want her to be swept overboard. She calls out to her dying father. She hears the waves beating on the shore. She prays to Christ to calm the seas. The ship crashes onto a reef and sinks. The next morning a fisherman finds the daughter's dead body in the sea. It is still tied to the mast.

Other websites 
Blog including Roger McGough's recording of "The Wreck of the Hesperus" (audio)
Roger McGough official website
"The Wreck of the Hesperus" (Project Gutenberg Text)

Poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
19th-century American poems
The Young and the Hopeless is the second studio album by American pop punk band, Good Charlotte. The Young and the Hopeless was released on October 1, 2002 and was re-released in 2004. It was the first album by Good Charlotte to feature an intro song. The album featured the singles "Lifestyles of the Rich & Famous", "The Anthem", "Girls & Boys", "The Young & the Hopeless" and "Hold On".

Songs

References

2002 albums
Good Charlotte albums
Pop punk albums
The Chronicles of Life and Death is the third studio album by American pop punk band, Good Charlotte. The Chronicles of Life and Death was released on October 5, 2004. It was released with both a "Life" and a "Death" version. The life version contained a bonus track called "Falling Away" which also featured the hidden track "Wounded". It was the first and last album to feature Chris Wilson on the drums.

Songs

References

2004 albums
Good Charlotte albums
Pop punk albums
Massages refer to rubbing a particular place on the body. They are often performed when a certain part of the human body is injured, strained or in cramps. Massages are often performed on human feet, backs and arms, but can be done on many parts of the body.

Health
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a chronic (long-term) infection of the lymphatic system caused by three different types of the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. The bacteria spread through sexual contact. The infection is not caused by the same bacteria that cause genital chlamydia.

LGV is more common in Central and South America than in North America. Every year, a few hundred cases of LGV are diagnosed in the United States. However, the actual number of infections is unknown.

LGV is more common in men than women. The main risk factor is being HIV-positive.

Symptoms of LGV can begin a few days to a month after coming in contact with the bacteria. Symptoms include:

 Blood or pus from the rectum (blood in the stools)

 Drainage through the skin from lymph nodes in the groin

 Painful bowel movements (tenesmus)

 Small painless sore on the male genitals or in the female genital tract

 Swelling and redness of the skin in the groin area

 Swelling of the labia

 Swollen groin lymph nodes on one or both sides; it may also affect lymph nodes around the rectum in people who have anal intercourse

 Diarrhea and lower abdominal pain.

Sexually transmitted diseases
Lymphatic system
Diseases caused by bacteria
Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon, CH, QC, PC (20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015) was a British Conservative politician. 

Howe was born in Port Talbot, Wales. He read Law at Trinity Hall, Cambridge and had a career as a lawyer before becoming a Member of Parliament. In 1953, he married Elspeth Howe.

He was MP for Bebington from 1964-1966, for Reigate from 1970-1974 and for East Surrey from 1974-1992. He was Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1979-1983 and was Foreign Secretary from 1983-1989. He was made a life peer in 1992. He was close friends with Denis Healey. Healey died a few days before Howe.

Howe died of a heart attack in Warwickshire, England at the age of 88.

References

Other websites 
Hansard

1926 births
2015 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British lawyers
Cardiovascular disease deaths in England 
Chancellors of the Exchequer
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deputy Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom

Former Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
People from Port Talbot
Politicians from Glamorgan
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
The common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) is a small  bat with a very large range across most of Europe, North Africa, southwestern Asia, and possibly into Korea. It is one of the most common bat species in the British Isles.

It is 3.5–4.5 cm long with a wingspan of 19–25 cm, with brown fur. It is common in woodland and farmland but is also found in towns, where it roosts in lofts and buildings.

In 1999 the common pipistrelle was split into two species on the basis of different-frequency echolocation calls. The common pipistrelle uses a call of 45 kHz, while the soprano pipistrelle echo-locates at 55 kHz. Since then other differences, in appearance, habitat and food, have also been found.

Echolocation 
The frequencies used by this bat species for echolocation lie between 45–76 kHz, have most energy at 47 kHz and have an average duration of 5.6 ms.

References 

  Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.

Other websites 
ARKive  Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Pipistrellus pygmaeus Photographs and videos.

Bats
Mammals of Europe
Mammals of Asia
Mammals of Great Britain
Pitaya fruit, pitahaya fruit, commonly known as the dragon fruit, is a fruit from Central America, South America, and Asia. It has a light sweet taste, an intense shape and colour, and has a texture of between that of a kiwi and an apple. In addition to being tasty and refreshing, it contains a lot of water and other important minerals with varied nutritional ingredients.

Occurrence 
It is also known as “pitaya” if it comes from the very closely related Stenographers genus. The actual dragon fruit is the fruit of the cactus genus Hylocereus. It has its origins in Mexico, South America, and Central America. New World settlers probably brought it to Southeast Asian nations like Cambodia, Thailand, Taiwan, Vietnam, and the Philippines, where it is still an important part of the diet.

References 

Fruits
"Toxic" is a song by American singer Britney Spears, taken as the second single from her fourth studio album In the Zone. The song was written with  Janet Jackson in mind before being offered to Australian singer Kylie Minogue, who turned down recording it. It reached number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 and went to #1 in the UK, Canada, Australia, Norway, and on Billboard’s Hot Dance/Club Play and Mainstream Top 40/Pop Songs airplay charts.

In 2006, the song was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

Song articles missing an audio sample
1
2003 songs
Britney Spears songs
A Few Good Men is a 1992 American military drama movie about the corruption of the US Navy in Cuba and Washington, D.C.. It starred Jack Nicholson, Tom Cruise and Demi Moore.

Other websites 

1992 crime movies
1992 drama movies
1990s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
Cuba
English-language movies
Legal movies
Movies set in Washington, D.C.
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies directed by Rob Reiner
Angry Kid is an American television series about a redheaded teenager named Angry Kid, created by Darren Walsh.

Synopsis
The show centers around teenage schoolboy Angry Kid (voiced by Billy West) and his crazy adventures of being chased by dogs, making prank calls, and irritating his friends and family.

References

Other websites
 Angry Kid home page
 
 Watch Angry Kid Series 1 & 2  Exclusively on AtomFilms
 Angry Kid & the Flaming Choppers Handbags World Cup Single 

British television series
Animated television series
Tales of a Wayside Inn is a book of poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. It was published in 1863.  The book is set in a real place. That place was a tavern in Sudbury, Massachusetts. Longfellow lived 20 miles away in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The inn was a favorite place for the people of Cambridge to go.  The people in the book were real people, too. They were friends of Longfellow. In the book, they tell stories to each other while visitng the Wayside Inn. The best known poem is "Paul Revere's Ride". It begins: "Listen my children and you shall hear / Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere."

Longfellow wrote the book to help him cope with his wife's death. She died at home. She was standing in front of a fireplace. Her skirt caught fire. Longfellow visited the real tavern in 1862. It was called the Red Horse Tavern at that time. It was closed because the owner had died the year before. Longfellow said it was "a rambling, tumble-down building". Two more books about the Wayside Inn were published. One book was published in 1870, and other in 1872.

References

Other websites 
Tales of a Wayside Inn - complete text (Project Gutenberg)
Tales of a Wayside Inn - complete text (scan of 1864 edition)

19th-century American poems
Poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
"Paul Revere's Ride" is a poem written by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. It was published in 1860 in the magazine The Atlantic Monthly. It was published again in Longfellow's book Tales of a Wayside Inn. The poem is about Paul Revere's midnight ride through the Massachusetts countryside. He wanted to warn the patriots that the British were on their way to fight them. Longfellow was inspired to write the poem after visiting the Old North Church in Boston.

Other websites 
Original text of "Paul Revere's Ride" by The Atlantic Online
Discussion of "Paul Revere's Ride" by the Maine Historical Society
"Paul Revere's Ride" lesson plan  by the National Endowment for the Humanities
The True Story of Paul Revere – The Midnight Ride 
Wall Street Journal on "Paul Revere's Ride"
150 Years of "Paul Revere's Ride": About the Poem

Poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
19th-century American poems
Bundaberg is a city in Queensland, Australia. It is famous for Bundaberg rum, which is made there. Bundaberg was affected by the 2010–2011 Queensland floods.

Cities in Queensland
Old North Church (officially, Christ Church in the City of Boston) is a church in Boston, Massachusetts at 193 Salem Street. It was built in 1723. Its design was inspired by the works of Christopher Wren. The church is a parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts. It is the oldest standing church building in Boston. Inside the church is a bust of George Washington that the Marquis de Lafayette thought the best likeness of Washington he had ever seen.

The church is known to most Americans because it was here that a lantern signal was sent by sexton Robert Newman from the church steeple on the evening of April 18, 1775 to warn American patriots that British soldiers were approaching Lexington and Concord by sea and not by land. "Paul Revere's Ride", a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, remembers this event. 

The church steeple was damaged by storms in 1804 and 1954. It was rebuilt. It is now 175 feet (53 m) tall. The original weathervane is on top. There are 1100 bodies buried in the basement. Many of these are patriots who were killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Old North Church is a National Historic Landmark. Queen Elizabeth II visited the church in 1976 and was given a silver chalice (a cup) modelled on one made by Paul Revere.

Gallery

References

Other websites
 Old North Church
 Mayo family history 
 Boston National Historical Park Official Website
Listing and photographs at the Historic American Buildings Survey
Old North Church (Christ Church) at Find a Grave

Churches in the United States
Buildings and structures in Boston, Massachusetts
1720s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
1723 establishments
18th-century establishments in Massachusetts
Anangu, Aṉaŋu or Arnangu (pronounced with the stress on the first syllable: ), is a word used to refer to Aboriginal people in Australia. It is found in some dialects of the Western Desert Language (WDL) of western and central Australia.

Before European people arrived in central Australia, the word probably meant 'human being', or 'person'. But now it is used to mean 'Aboriginal person' only. Because other Aboriginal languages have their own words for '(Aboriginal) person' the word anangu is mostly used in English to refer to the WDL-speaking people. Used in this way, it is not used to refer to any traditional grouping (or tribe), but to the WDL people as a whole. The correct term for "black person" in Pitjantjatjara is , literally "dark/black person".

Equivalents in other languages and dialects 
Other Western Desert Language dialects have different words with a similar meaning and many uses. In the far west of the WDL (i.e. amongst Manyjilyjarra, Kartujarra, Putijarra and Warnman) the word martu is used, and in the central Western Desert (i.e. amongst the western Pintupi) the word purntu, although this seems to be rarely used now.

There are a number of other names from Australian Aboriginal languages commonly used to identify groups based on geography:
Koori (or Koorie) in New South Wales and Victoria
Murri in southern Queensland
Nyoongar in southern Western Australia and South Australia
Nunga in southern South Australia
Palawah (or Pallawah) in Tasmania

References 

Goddard, Cliff. (1992). Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjatjara to English Dictionary. IAD Press, Alice Springs Australia. ()
Glass, Amee and Dorothy Hackett. (2003). Ngaanyatjarra & Ngaatjatjarra to English Dictionary. IAD Press, Alice Springs Australia. ()
Goddard, Cliff. (1985). A Grammar of Yankunytjatjara. IAD Press, Alice Springs Australia.
Eckert, Paul and Joyce Hudson. (1988). Wangka Wiru: A handbook for the Pitjantjatjara language learner. SACAE, Underdale SA. ()
Hansen, KC & LE Hansen. (1992). Pintupi/Luritja Dictionary 3rd Edition. IAD Press, Alice Springs, Australia. ()
 Valiquette, Hilaire (ed.). (1993). A Basic Kukatja to English Dictionary. Luurnpa Catholic School, Balgo WA. ()

Other websites 
Web portal for Anangu Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and Ngaanyatjarra peoples, communities and organisations
Description of Tjukurpa - the foundation of Anangu life at Department of Environment and Heritage

Indigenous peoples of Australia
The House of the Seven Gables (also known as the Turner House or Turner-Ingersoll Mansion) is a historic house in Salem, Massachusetts. It was built for Captain John Turner. It remained in the Turner family for three generations. The earliest section of the house was built in 1668. It faced south towards Salem Harbor. It was a two-room, 2 1⁄2-story house. It had cross-gables and a huge central chimney. This portion now forms the middle of the house. The house was remodelled over the years. It was eventually acquired by the Ingersoll family. Nathaniel Hawthorne often visited his cousin Susannah at the house. He wrote a novel called The House of the Seven Gables. The book uses the house as background. The house was restored between 1908 and 1910. A "cent-shop" and a secret staircase were added. This was done to please visitors who expected the house to resemble the one in Hawthorne's book.  The House of the Seven Gables is the oldest surviving mansion house in continental North America. It has 17 rooms and over 8,000 square feet. The house is now a non-profit museum.

Other websites 
 House of the Seven Gables
 Listing and photographs at the Historic American Buildings Survey

Buildings and structures in Massachusetts
1668 establishments
1660s establishments in Massachusetts
Communic is a Norwegian progressive metal band from Kristiansand, Norway. Communic has three members in the band; the current band members are Oddleif Stensland, Erik Mortensen and Tor Atle Andersen. The band formed in March 2003 as a side project for the band, Scariot. They are currently signed to Nuclear Blast Records and have released 4 albums and a demo.

Band members 
Current
Oddleif Stensland - vocals & guitars
Erik Mortensen - bass
Tor Atle Andersen - drums

Discography

Albums
Communic has released 5 albums:

Conspiracy in Mind (demo) (2004)
Conspiracy in Mind (2005)
Waves of Visual Decay (2006)
Payment of Existence (2008)
The Bottom Deep (2011)
Where Echoes Gather (2017)
Hiding from the World (2020)

References

Other websites 
Official website

Norwegian heavy metal bands
Power metal bands
In philosophy, the term sublime refers to something that is great. This greatness can be physical, moral, intellectual, metaphysical, aesthetic, spiritual or artistic. Very often, the term refers to something that is so great that it cannot be calculated, measured or imitated. Special skills are often needed to fully perceive or understand the sublime. 

As a category in aesthetics, the main property is that its beauty is bigger that something that is merely beautiful. Sometimes, the sublime may be sacred and causes awe.

It is only western philosophy that makes a distinction between the beautiful and the sublime; there is no such distinction in eastern philosophy.The first known work in philiosphy treating the sublime is called On the Sublime, and was written by an otherwise unknown writer who lived in the first or third century. This writer is often called Longinus. Longinus was a teacher of rhetoric, and used the sublime to describe great language in this context. According to Longinus, the sublime inspires awe and veneration, with greater persuasive powers. Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux translated this work into French, in the 16th century; in the 18th century the text was translated into English as well.

Philosophers who wrote about the sublime include Edmund Burke, Immanuel Kant, Arthur Schopenhauer, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Theodor W. Adorno, and Jean-François Lyotard. Writers include Friedrich Schiller and Victor Hugo.

Philosophy
This article is about a region of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. For the former town in Chiba Prefecture, see Shōnan, Chiba.

 is the name of a local Japanese region along the coast of Sagami Bay which is about 50 kilometres southwest of Tokyo.  

Shōnan is centered on Enoshima, which is a small island near the coast.

Related pages
 Shonan Bellmare

References

Other websites
  JR Shonan Shinjuku Line
 Michelin,   Shonan region 

Geography of Japan
Renata Scotto (born on February 24, 1934) is an Italian operatic soprano who enjoyed a long and distinguished international career.

Life and Career

Born in Savona, Italy, she studied at the Milan Conservatory of Music, under Ghirardini and Merlini, and later in Rome with Mercedes Llopart. She made her stage debut in her hometown on Christmas Eve 1952, as Violetta in La traviata. After winning first place in a singing competition, she was invited to sing Violetta at the Teatro Nuovo in Milan on July 2, 1953, which led to her debut at La Scala, the following December, as Walter in Catalani's La Wally, opposite Renata Tebaldi and Mario Del Monaco. She quickly appeared in several other cities throughout Italy.

She sang in Cairo in 1956 and at The Stoll Theatre in London in 1957. That same year, she replaced Maria Callas in La sonnambula at the Edimburg Festival to considerable acclaim. This was the start of long and distinguished international career, with appearances in Chicago, San Francisco, Buenos Aires, Barcelona, Moscow, Tokyo, etc. She made her debut at the Metropolitan Opera in New York, on October 13, 1965, as Cio-Cio-San in Madama Butterfly and sang there regularly until 1987.

Scotto was mostly known for the Italian repertoire of which she sang a wide range of roles from bel canto to verismo. Although essentially a lyric soprano, as the years went on she tackled more dramatic roles in operas such as Norma, Macbeth, La Gioconda, Tosca, etc. 

After retiring from the stage, she turned to teaching, coaching and stage directing. She is married to violonist Lorenzo Anselmi since 1960 and has two children.

Notable Recordings 

 La traviata - (DG, 1962)
 Rigoletto - (DG, 1964)
 Turandot - (EMI, 1965) 
 Madama Butterfly - (EMI, 1966)
 Andrea Chenier - (RCA, 1976)
 Otello - (RCA, 1978)

Sources

 Guide de l'opéra, Roland Mancini and Jean-Jacques Rouveroux, Fayard, 1987. 

1934 births
sopranos
Living people
Italian opera singers
La Gioconda is an Italian opera in four acts, music by Amilcare Ponchielli and libretto by Arrigo Boito, after Victor Hugo's play Angelo, Tyran de Padoue. It was first performed in Milan, on April 8, 1876. By far Ponchielli's most successful work and his only opera still regularly performed.

Principal characters

 Gioconda - soprano
 La cieca - contralto
 Enzo - tenor
 Barnaba - baritone
 Laura - mezzo-soprano
 Alvise - bass

Discography
 1931: Giannina Arangi-Lombardi (Gioconda), Camilla Rota (La cieca), Alessandro Granda (Enzo), Gaetano Viviani (Barnaba), Ebe Stignani (Laura), Corrado Zambelli (Alvise); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala, Lorenzo Molajoli - (EMI Classics)
 1952: Maria Callas (Gioconda), Maria Amadini (La cieca), Gianni Poggi (Enzo), Paolo Silveri (Barnaba), Fedora Barbieri (Laura), Giulio Neri (Alvise); Coro e Orchestra della RAI Torino, Antonino Votto - (Cetra)
 1957: Anita Cerquetti (Gioconda), Franca Sacchi (La cieca), Mario del Monaco (Enzo), Ettore Bastianini (Barnaba), Giulietta Simionato (Laura), Cesare Siepi (Alvise); Coro e Orchestra della Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Gianandrea Gavazzeni - (Decca)
 1957: Zinka Milanov (Gioconda), Belen Amparan (La cieca), Giuseppe di Stefano (Enzo), Leonard Warren (Barnaba), Rosalind Elias (Laura), Plinio Clabassi (Alvise); Coro e Orchestra dell'Accademia di Santa Cecilia, Fernando Previtali - (RCA Victor, later Decca/London)
 1959: Maria Callas (Gioconda), Irene Companeez (La cieca), Pier Miranda Ferraro (Enzo), Piero Cappuccilli (Barnaba), Fiorenza Cossotto (Laura), Ivo Vinco (Alvise); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala, Antonino Votto - (EMI Classics)
 1967: Renata Tebaldi (Gioconda), Oralia Dominguez (La cieca), Carlo Bergonzi (Enzo), Robert Merrill (Barnaba), Marilyn Horne (Laura), Nicola Ghiuselev (Alvise); Coro e Orchestra dell'Accademia di Santa Cecilia, Lamberto Gardelli - (Decca)
 1980: Montserrat Caballé (Gioconda), Alfreda Hodgson (La cieca), Luciano Pavarotti (Enzo), Sherrill Milnes (Barnaba), Agnes Baltsa (Laura), Nicolai Ghiaurov (Alvise); London Opera Chorus, National Philharmonic Orchestra, Bruno Bartoletti - (Decca)

Sources

 The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993. 

operas
Europa is a figure from Greek mythology. She is the daughter of Phoenician king Agenor and of Telephassa. Zeus falls in love with her. Because of his wife Hera, he has to take the shape of a bull. Hermes makes the herd of cattle with the bull Zeus graze near the beach near Sidon, where Europa is playing. That way, Zeus is able to abduct Europa on his back. He swims to Matala on Crete where he shows himself. The children of Europa and Zeus are Minos, Rhadamanthys and Sarpedon. Because of a prophecy of Aphrodite, the new continent Europe is named after Europa.

The oldest telling of the story can be found in the Illiad by Homer. There, she is the daughter of Phoinix. Other ancient tellings include "Europa" by Moschos, and the Metamorphoses by Ovid.

Agenor sent his sons to search for Europa, but they could not find her. Cadmus asks the Oracle at Delphi and is told to give up the search, and found Thebes in Boetia instead.

According to other sources, Europa remained on Crete, were she married Asterion, and became queen. Asterion did not have any children, so he adopted her sons.

The oldest known paintings which clearly show Europa date from the 7th century BC.

References

Greek mythology
National personifications
The Lorax is a children's book. It was written by Dr. Seuss. It was first published in 1971. The Lorax is a small orange creature. He speaks for the trees against the greedy Once-ler. The book is a fable about industrialized society and the danger it poses to nature. It has been made into a 2012 movie and a 1972 television show. Some people criticized the book. They thought it was gloomy. They thought it was not a good book for children. Some people thought it was unfair to the logging industry.

Story 
A young boy living in a polluted world visits a strange creature called the "Once-Ler". The boy asks about the poor state of the world. The Once-ler explains that the world was once beautiful. He made an invention that required him to chop down Trufulla trees. He says that everyone needed his invention. He made a profit from cutting down Trufulla trees. A small orange creature called the Lorax urged him to stop cutting down so many trees. He said that this was harming the environment. The Once-Ler ignored him. Eventually the supply of trees ran out. The land was left polluted. The animals left the forest.  The Once-Ler finishes his story. He gives the boy "the last [Truffula seed] of all." He tells him to plant the seed and it will grow into a forest.  

1971 books
Books by Dr. Seuss
English-language picture books
Andrew Nicholas Castle (born 15 November 1963) is a retired British tennis player. He became a television presenter. He was born in Epsom, Surrey. He retired from tennis in 1992.

He was a contestant on the 2008 series of Strictly Come Dancing and on the 2010 series of 71 Degrees North.

Other websites 
Official Website
ATP Tennis Player Profile

sports-reference 

1963 births
British male tennis players
English television presenters
Living people
Reality television participants
Sportspeople from Surrey
Strictly Come Dancing participants
Television personalities from Surrey