cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A conspiracy theory is a story that says that a group of people ("conspirators") have agreed ("conspired") to do illegal or evil things and hide them from the public. Conspiracy theories usually have little or no evidence. Many conspiracy theories say that certain historical events were actually caused by such conspirators.

Examples
Some conspiracy theories are about the: Apollo moon landing, the 9/11 attacks, the existence of UFO's, the assassination of JFK and the death of Diana, Princess of Wales. Other examples not relating to specific events are the Illuminati, Freemasonry-related conspiracy theories, and chemtrails.

There are different kinds of conspiracy theory. some cases are straightforward. They pretend to explain events to which we do know the real cause, or for which there is no specific cause. We now know all we are ever going to know about the 9/11 attacks and the death of Diana, Princess of Wales. Likewise, that the Earth is round (as opposed to flat) has so much evidence that denying it is simply irrational.

Their growth 
There has been a growth in recent years in conspiracy theories proposed on the internet. Conspiracy theories once limited to fringe audiences have become common in mass media, and particularly on the internet. Conspiracy emerged as a cultural phenomenon in the United States of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

It is worth remembering that conspiracy theorists get paid by websites according to how many viewers they attract. Websites that seem free to the user are paid for by adverts, usually quite harmless, though they may be annoying. The point is that the people who put up the individual articles get paid once the number of viewers is over a certain qualifying number.

David Grimes has calculated that it takes at least three years to expose a conspiracy on the internet, depending on the number of people involved. Many conspiracies would be exposed in between three and four years.

References
Judgment Day (2003) took place on May 18 2003 at the Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina. It was the last pay-per-view starring both brands before WWE started having brand only PPVs.

Results

2003 in professional wrestling
Sports in Charlotte, North Carolina
WWE Judgment Day

es:WWE Judgment Day#2003
fr:WWE Judgment Day#2003
it:WWE Judgment Day#2003
Prattville is a city in Autauga and Elmore counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is the county seat of Autauga County.  As of the 2010 Census, the population of the city is 33,960.  The city is northwest of Montgomery.

Tornado
On February 17, 2008, Prattville was hit by an estimated EF3 tornado which destroyed more than 45 homes and businesses and damaged over 800.

Notable residents
 John Martin, Author Travel and History
 Rodger Morrison, Author and Researcher
 Marlon Anderson, Major League Baseball player
Evan Crawford, Major League Baseball player
 Bobby Jon Drinkard, contestant on Reality television shows Survivor: Palau and Survivor: Guatemala
 Roman Harper, NFL player.
 Wilson Pickett (March 18, 1941 – January 19, 2006), R&B and soul singer and songwriter
 Kevin Turner,  NFL player

References 

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Pleasant Grove is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 9,983.

Cities in Alabama
Pinson is a city and a northeast suburb of Birmingham in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census, the population was 5,033.

Cities in Alabama
Pike Road is a city in Montgomery County, Alabama, in the United States.  As of 2007, the population of the city is 4,570.

Cities in Alabama
Piedmont is a city in Calhoun and Cherokee counties in the U.S. state of Alabama.  The population was 5,120 at the 2000 census. It is included in the Anniston-Oxford, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.

On March 27, 1994, a F4 tornado struck here, destroying the Goshen United Methodist Church and killing 22 people including the groom's 4-year-old daughter.

Cities in Alabama
Pell City is a city in St. Clair County, Alabama, United States. The city is the county seat of St. Clair County along with Ashville. At the 2010 census the population was 12,695.

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Pelham is a city and suburb of Birmingham in Shelby County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 14,369, but has grown to 20,120 according to the latest Census estimate in 2006. It was named for famed American Civil War officer John Pelham.

Related pages
Death of Tina Watson, a Pelham, Alabama woman whose drowning in 2003 became world news

Cities in Alabama
Phenix City is a city in Lee County and Russell County in the U.S. state of Alabama.

References 

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Enon is an American indie rock band. They are named after Enon, a village in Ohio. Enon has three members, one man who sings and plays electric guitar and a woman who plays bass guitar and keyboard. The third member plays drums. The woman was born in Japan and lives now in America. The guitarist played before in the band Brainiac.

Discography

Albums 
1998 Long Play
1999 Believo!
2002 High Society
2003 Hocus Pocus
2004 Onhold
2005 Lost Marbles and Exploded Evidence (compilation album + DVD set)
2007 Grass Geysers...Carbon Clouds

Singles 
1998 "Fly South"
1999 "Motor Cross"
2001 "Listen (While You Talk)"
2001 "Marbles Explode"
2001 "The Nightmare Of Atomic Men"
2002 Enon [Self-Titled]
2002 "Drowning Appointment"
2003 "In This City"
2003 "Evidence"
2003 "Because Of You"
2003 "Starcastic"

Other websites 
The website of Enon

1999 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
1990s establishments in New York (state)
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
2011 disestablishments in the United States
2010s disestablishments in New York (state)
American rock bands
Indie bands
Musical groups disestablished in 2011
Musical groups established in 1999
Musical groups from New York City
Enon is a village in Clark County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,638 at the 2000 census.

People who live there
Gus Grissom - astronaut who got the Congressional Space Medal of Honor and the Purple Heart medal.

References

Villages in Ohio
The superb lyrebird (Menura novaehollandiae) is a pheasant-sized songbird.

It is an Australian endemic species, about 100cm long. It has brown upper body plumage, grayish-brown below, rounded wings and strong legs. It is the longest and third heaviest of all songbirds. 

They are capable of mimicking a wide variety of sounds, including other bird's songs and man-made sounds like car alarms and chainsaws. 

Passeri
A lyrebird is a ground-dwelling Australian bird.  There are two species in the genus Menura. They live in forests, especially rainforests, of eastern Australia, and they were introduced to Tasmania in the 19th century. They are found in two National Forest areas of Victoria, New South Wales and southeast Queensland.

Mating system 
They are most notable for their superb ability to mimic natural and artificial sounds from their environment. Since they live on the ground in fairly dense undergrowth, sound is used by the males to attract attention. When a female arrives, the visual display comes into action. It is a typical "female choice" mating system, where males defend a mating territory, and sing and display to get a mate.

Sound mimicry 
The lyrebird's mimicked calls are learned from the local environment, including other birds. It takes young birds about a year to perfect their mimicked repertoire. The female lyrebirds of both species are also mimics, and will sing on occasion but the females do so with less skill than the males. A lyrebird classic is their imitation of human sounds in the forest such as car alarms, camera shutters and forest logging with chain-saws.

Breeding  

The breeding cycle of the lyrebirds is long, and lyrebirds are long-lived birds. They can live up to thirty years. They also start breeding later in life than other passerine birds. Female Superb Lyrebirds start breeding at the age of five or six, and males at the age of six to eight. Males defend territories from other males.These territories may contain the breeding places of up to eight females. In a male's territory, he makes or uses display platforms.

The females each build an untidy nest, usually low to the ground in a moist gully, where each lays a single egg. She is the sole parent who incubates the egg over 50 days until it hatches, and she is also the sole carer of the lyrebird chick.

References 

Passeri
Birds of Australia
The Albert's lyrebird (Menura alberti) is a pheasant-sized songbird, about 90 cm long, with brown upper body feathers and rich chestnut below. It is very similar with the superb lyrebird in its habits. This bird also mimics other species sounds. It is sometimes called the "Prince Albert Lyrebird" or the "Northern Lyrebird". Named after Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, they are smaller than the Superb Lyrebirds.

Albert's lyrebirds are only found in a small area of rainforest in the Lamington National Park near the border of Queensland and New South Wales. There are about 3,500 birds known to exist. There are reports of the birds in the Blackall Range, but this has not been proved. Known groups of birds live on Tamborine Mountain, Scenic Rim and the Nightcap Range.

They eat small insects which they scratch up from the ground. They are a shy bird which will run or fly away if disturbed. During the breeding season in winter, from May to August, the male bird performs displays of song and dance to attract the females. The songs are copied from other birds and forest sounds. The songs can last up to four hours, with some individual songs lasting up to one hour. During his dance, the male bird raises his tail feathers up and over his body. The feathers form a lyre shape which is why they were given the name "lyrebird".

It is listed as a Vulnerable species because it lives in such a limited area, it can only eat a small range of food from that area, and it is not breeding quickly.

References

Other websites
  Internet Bird Collection  with videos of Albert's lyrebirds
 

Passeri
Birds of Australia
Piciformes are order of birds contain about 67 living genera with a little over 400 species, of which the Picidae (woodpeckers and relatives) make up about half. Amost all live in woods (arboreal).

In general, the Piciformes are insectivorous, though the barbets and toucans mostly eat fruit and the honeyguides are unique among birds in digesting beeswax (though insects make up most of their diet).

Nearly all Piciformes have parrot-like zygodactyl feet—two toes forward and two back, an arrangement that has obvious advantages for birds that spend much of their time on tree trunks.  An exception are a few species of three-toed woodpeckers.  The jacamars aside, Piciformes do not have down feathers at any age, only true feathers. They range in size from the rufous piculet at 8 centimetres in length, and weighing 7 grams, to the toco toucan, at 63 centimetres long, and weighing 680 grams. All nest in cavities (holes) and have altricial young, meaning they have to look after their chicks for quite a long time.

Classification 
Order: PICIFORMES
 Suborder Galbuli
 Family Galbulidae – jacamars (18 species)
 Family Bucconidae – puffbirds, nunbirds and nunlets (some 30 species)
 Suborder Pici
 Infraorder Ramphastides
 Family Megalaimidae – Asian barbets (about 25 species, recently split from Capitonidae)
 Family Lybiidae – African barbets (about 40 species, recently split from Capitonidae)
 Family Capitonidae – American barbets (about 15 species)
 Family Semnornithidae – toucan-barbets (2 species, recently split from Capitonidae)
 Family Ramphastidae – toucans (about 40 species)
 Infraorder Picides
 Family Indicatoridae – honeyguides (17 species)
 Family Picidae – woodpeckers, piculets and wrynecks (over 200 species)

References
La Silla Observatory is an observatory in Chile with eighteen telescopes that study the stars.  The observatory is one of the biggest in the Southern Hemisphere.  La Silla is a 2,400 meter high mountain that is found in the far southern part of the Atacama Desert.  It can be found about 160 kilometers north of La Serena, 27 kilometers south of the Las Campanas Observatory, and about 100 kilometers north of the Cerro Tololo Observatory.

Related pages 
 Very Large Telescope

Other websites 
 Official ESO - La Silla webpage

Astronomical observatories in Chile
Asteroid discoverers
The Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO) is found in Ukraine and is an observatory.  It studies the stars and has found a total of 12 minor planets to date:

References

Other websites 
 CrAO's website 

Observatories
Asteroid discoverers
Melissa Arnette "Missy" Elliott (born July 1, 1971) is a five-time Grammy Award-winning American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. With record sales of over seven million in the United States, she is the only female rapper to have six albums certified platinum by the RIAA, including one double platinum (Under Construction).  Elliot has released six studio albums. Her seventh album is called Block Party. She has Graves' disease.

Discography 
 Supa Dupa Fly (1997)
 Da Real World (1999)
 Miss E... So Addictive (2001)
 Under Construction (2002)
 This Is Not a Test! (2003)
 The Cookbook (2005)
 Respect M.E. (2006) (greatest hits)

References 

African American musicians
Rap musicians from Virginia
American record producers
Grammy Award winners
People from Portsmouth, Virginia
Singers from Virginia
1971 births
Living people
Piombino is a town and commune in the province of Livorno (Tuscany), Italy, on the border between the Ligurian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea, in front of Elba Island and at the northern side of Maremma.

It has an ancient historical centre, derived from the time in which it was the Etruscans' port, near the area of Populonia. In the Middle Ages, it was an important port of Pisa's Republic. Still today Piombino is one of biggest port in Italy, and is one of the most used port for to go in the Elba Island, (with the port of Livorno). Piombino outside the down town has a very big industrial area.

Important places and monuments 
 Cathedral of Sant'Antimo (c. 1377), built by the Augustinians and originally dedicated to St. Michael.
 The Rivellino (Walls Tower-Gate), the most ancient monument in the city (1212).
 The Chiesa della Misericordia (early 13th century). Inside this church there is a rare 15th century crucifix.
 The Cassero Pisano a castel, built under Cosimo I de' Medici the castel was used as military jail until 1959.
 The Palazzo Comunale (Town Hall), mostly a modern reconstruction of the ancient Palazzo degli Anziani (1435). In the Musters Hall, with portraits of the Princes of Piombino.
 Chapel of St. Anne, a noteworthy Renaissance work by Guardi. 
 The Cisterna di Cittadella (Citadel's Cistern), also by Guardi. On the sides are the portraits of Jacopo III Appiani and his son and wife, later damaged by order of Cesare Borgia.
 Casa delle Bifore (1280).
 The Natural Province Reserve Padule Orti Bottagone, created in 1998.

Other 
Piombino has schools, churches, banks, parks and squares. In the locality of Punta Falcone there is an astronomical observatory, built in 1976.

Medals 
On July 28 2000, the city of Piombino got the Gold Medal of Military Valor for the fight against nazism and fascism, before and during the World War II.

Comuni near Piombino 
 Campiglia Marittima
 Follonica
 San Vincenzo
 Suvereto

Twin cities 
  Flémalle, Belgium

Population history

References

Other websites 
 Official website of the Commune of Piombino 

Towns in Tuscany
Reşiţa (German: Reschitz, Hungarian: Resicabánya, Krashovani: Решица or Rešica, Czech: Rešice) is a city in the western part of Romania. It is the capital of Caraş-Severin County, in the Banat region.  About 84,000 people live in Reşiţa as of the year 2004.

County capitals of Romania
Orbetello is a town and commune in the province of Grosseto (Tuscany), Italy. It is about  south of Grosseto, on a lagoon, which is an important Natural Reserve.

History 
Orbetello  was an ancient Etruscan village, which in 280 BC went under the control of the Romans, who had founded their colony of Cosa. 

In the Middle Ages it was controlled by the Aldobrandeschi family, who held it until the 14th century, when it was bought by the city of Orvieto. After some years, Orbetello was captured by the Sienese Republic. In the mid-16th century it was part of the Spanish puppet State of Presides, becoming its capital. Later it was under the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and, from the late 19th century, the new Kingdom of Italy.

In 1927-1933, Italo Balbo's "air cruises" started from Orbetello's lagoon.

Important monuments and places 
 The city walls (5th century BC).
 Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta, built over an Etruscan-Roman temple and half re-built in 1375.
 The Spanish Forte delle Saline, in the frazione of Albinia.
 Remains of the Roman city of Cosa in the frazione of Ansedonia.
 Ruins of the Monastery of Sant'Angelo.

References 

Towns in Tuscany
Pontedera is a small Italian industrial town in Tuscany, Italy, in the province of Pisa. Pontedera is the headquarters of the Piaggio company,from the 1930s one of most important Italian manufacturers motor vehicles such as the Vespa and the Ape. Piaggio was a subsidiary of FIAT. Today the owner of Piaggio is Roberto Colaninno.

Pontedera is in the Arno valley at the confluence of the Era River and the Arno River.
The Town has a small lake in Pietroconti called Braccini lake.

Important places and monuments in Pontedera 

Churches:
 Il Duomo (The Dome of the city)
 The Church of Santa Lucia
 The Church of Santissimo Crocifisso
 The Cimitero of Misericordia
 The Church of Santa Maria Madre della Chiesa
 The Church of Misericordia
 The Church of San Giuseppe al Ponte
 The Church of San Giuseppe
 The Church of Madonna dei Braccini
 The Church of Cappuccini
 The Church of Sacro Cuore ai Villaggi
 The Church of Madonna di Ripaia
 The Church of San Lorenzo e San Bartolomeo
 The Church of San Martino (destroyed)
 The Church of San Michele di Travalda (destroyed)
 The Church of San Tommaso (destroyed)
 The Church of San Lorenzo di Rapida (destroyed)
 The Church of Santa Margherita di Tavella (destroyed)
 The Church of San Sebastiano (destroyed)
 The Church of Stimmate di San Francesco (destroyed)

Palaces:
 Palazzo Stefanelli
 Palazzo Pretorio
 Palazzo Paoletti Zeppini
 Palazzo Bellincioni
 Palazzo Pitschen
 Palazzo Ciompi

Festivals 
 "Fiera Naturamica", Festival about agriculture (April)
 "ExproModel&Show"  (October)
 "Fiera di San Luca", Since 1471 (October) ;
 "Festa del commercio", Since 2004 (September); since 2007 the festivals joined the "Notte Bianca";
 "Shopping sotto le stelle", in evening shops are still open (July) 
 "Palio della balestra", about the Pace di Pescia since 2001 (September);
 "Fiera dei fischi e delle campanelle", in the  frazione of La Rotta, (August), since 1907. 
 "Qui rido io", Festival about humorism, (June), since 2003;
 "Sete sois sete lunas", Internation Festival of Pop Music, (July) since 1992; 
 "Aperitivi in musica", on Cavour's Square, (all year), since 2001.
 "Mangia...longa",Festival about loca food, (June), since 2005;
 "BavieraFest", Italian version of Oktoberfest, (June), since 2006.

Twin Cities 
 Khombole - Senegal
 Fourchambault - France
 Montemor-o-Novo - Portugal
 Serrara Fontana (Province of Naples) - Italy

References 

Towns in Tuscany
Colle di Val d'Elsa or Colle Val d'Elsa is a town and comune in Tuscany, Italy, in the province of Siena. It has a population of c. 20,000 inhabitants (2005). Its name in Italian means "Hill of Elsa Valley", where "Elsa" is the name of the river which crosses it. Today, Colle di Val d'Elsa is internationally renowned for the production of crystal glassware and art, largely produced in the industrial lower town.

History
The area was settled by man from at least the 4th millennium BC,. In 1269 it was the seat of a famous battle during the wars of Guelphs and Ghibellines and in 1479 it was attacked by Neapolitan soldiers. From the 14th century it was under the control of the city of  Florence and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany until the unification of Italy in 1860. In the 20th century it became an important industrial town. During World War II it was bombed by Allied aircraft. The oldest part of the town is the "colle alta", the higher part, with a well preserved medieval center. The city is also famous as the birthplace of sculptor and architect Arnolfo di Cambio.

References

Other websites

Official website
 Official tourist information website 

Towns in Tuscany
Rosignano Marittimo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany. It is about 80 km southwest of Florence and about 20 km southeast of Livorno. As of 31 December 2004, it had 31,516 people. It has an area of 120.3 km².

The comune of Rosignano Marittimo contains the frazioni of:  Castiglioncello, Rosignano Solvay, Vada, Castelnuovo della Misericordia, Gabbro, and Nibbiaia.

Rosignano Marittimo borders the following comuni: Castellina Marittima, Cecina, Collesalvetti, Livorno, Orciano Pisano, Santa Luce.

Inhabitants

References

Other websites

 www.comune.rosignano.livorno.it

Towns in Tuscany
Santa Croce sull'Arno is an Italian town in the province of Pisa, Tuscany. About 13,400 people lived there as of 2005.

Industry 
The city is famous for the tanning industries. In 16.92 square kilometres there are about 400 factories and laboratories.

References

Other websites

Towns in Tuscany
The British Rail Class 142 is a class of Pacer diesel multiple units used in the United Kingdom. 96 units were built by BREL in Derby between 1985 and 1987. They were a development of the earlier Class 141 which were introduced in 1984.

References 

142
142
The British Rail Class 144 "Pacer" diesel multiple units (DMUs) were built by BREL Derby from 1986-1987. A total of 23 units were built, replacing many of the earlier First-generation "Heritage" DMUs.

144
144
The British Rail Class 150 "Sprinter" diesel multiple units (DMUs) were built by BREL from 1984-87. A total of 137 units were built in three main subclasses, replacing many of the earlier first-generation "Heritage" DMUs.

150
150
1984 in the United Kingdom
The British Rail Class 151 was a prototype class of DMU built by Metro Cammell in the mid-1980s.

151
British Rail Class 158 Express Sprinter is a type of diesel multiple unit (DMU) train. They were built for British Rail between 1989 and 1992 by BREL at their Derby Works. They were built to replace old DMUs and locomotive-hauled passenger trains. Class 159 trains are almost the same as Class 158s. They work many non-electrified services such as Exeter St David's To London Waterloo. They were among the last new trains in the UK to be built with the old toilet system which emptied directly onto the track. BREL also built 20 carriages to 1m gauge for export to Thailand in 1990/1. 

158
158
The British Rail Class 165 "Network Turbo" diesel multiple units (DMUs) is a diesel multiple unit that were built by BREL at York Works from 1990–1992.
 These units are suburban trains, with an express version appearing later in the form of the Class 166 "Network Express Turbo" units. The Class 165 belongs to the Networker families of trains.

References 

165
165
The British Rail Class 205 (or 3H) diesel-electric multiple units were built by BR at Eastleigh railway works from 1957–1962.

Preservation
Due to a generous disposal policy by Porterbrook Leasing, nearly all of the final units in service were preserved. The only unit not preserved was no. 205012, which had poor bodywork and donated its engine to the only surviving unrefurbished Class 207 unit.
205001 - East Kent Railway (2-car unit)
205008 - (DTCsoL 60820) Preserved by the Hastings Diesels Group at St Leonards-on-Sea, on loan to the Lavender Line (Can operate with unit 205033)
205009 - Eden Valley Railway (3-car unit)
205018 - (DTCsoL 60828 from 205029) Lavender Line (2-car unit)
205023 - (DTCsoL 60822) and TSO 60669 (from 205024) at Swindon and Cricklade Railway. TSO 60669 will be stripped for spares to restore DTCsoL 60822 and then scrapped. DMBS 60122 at Lavender Line)  
205025 - Mid-Hants Railway (2-car unit)
205027 - (DMBSO 60145) Stored at St Leonards Depot with DMBSO 60149 
205028 - Dartmoor Railway (3-car unit) 
205031 - (DMBSO 60149) Stored at St Leonards Depot with DMBSO 60145 
205032 - Dartmoor Railway (3-car unit)
205033 - (TSO 60678 at Cold Norton, DMBS 60151 and DTCsoL 60832 at Lavender Line)(60151 can operate with DTCsoL 60820)
205205 - Epping Ongar Railway (2-car unit)

References

205
Christopher Flavin is the President of the Worldwatch Institute, an independent research organization focused on natural resource and environmental issues, based in Washington, DC. He is also a founding member of the Board of Directors of the Business Council for Sustainable Energy] and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, the Climate Institute, and the Environmental and Energy Study Institute.  His research and writing focus is international energy and climate policy.

Flavin has participated in several notable international conferences, including the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and the Climate Change Conference in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997. He has testified before national and state legislatures and meets frequently with government and international leaders.

Flavin is a native of Monterey, California and a cum laude graduate of Williams College, where he studied economics, biology, and environmental studies.

Selected Publications
Power Surge: Guide to the Coming Energy Revolution, W.W. Norton, 1994.
Rising Sun, Gathering Winds: Policies to Stabilize the Climate and Strengthen Economies, Worldwatch Paper 138, November 1997.
Regular contributions to State of the World, Vital Signs and World Watch.
Low-Carbon Energy: A Roadmap , 2008.

Related pages
State of the World
Lester Brown
Amory Lovins

References

Living people
Environment
Year of birth missing (living people)
The Class 220 Voyager is a class of diesel-electric high-speed multiple-unit trains built by Bombardier Transportation for the British train operating company Virgin Trains, but are now operated by CrossCountry. They are air-conditioned throughout, with powered doors and a top speed of . They were introduced to replace the thirty-year-old High Speed Train and Class 47 fleets. The trains were built between 2000 and 2001 and the first train entered service on 5 June 2001.

References 

220
Bombardier multiple units
The Class 221 SuperVoyager is a train currently used by Virgin Trains and CrossCountry in the United Kingdom. They were built by Bombardier Transportation between 2000 and 2002 for the British train operating companies Virgin CrossCountry and Virgin West Coast. The first Class 221 SuperVoyager entered traffic between Birmingham and Brighton on 12 April 2002. The Class 221 SuperVoyagers are similar to the Class 220 Voyager units, but they are built with a tilting mechanism offering up to six degrees of tilt to allow faster speeds on curved tracks. They have a maximum speed of .

221
Tilting trains
Bombardier multiple units
Lester R. Brown (born March 28, 1934) is an environmental analyst who has authored and co-authored over fifty books. His books have been translated into more than forty languages. He is the founder of the Worldwatch Institute and founder and president of the Earth Policy Institute.

The recipient of twenty-five honorary degrees and a MacArthur Fellowship, Brown has been described as "one of the world's most influential thinkers."

Writings 
Brown has authored or coauthored 50 books. One of the world's most widely published authors, his books have appeared in some 40 languages. Among his earlier books are Man, Land and Food, World Without Borders, and Building a Sustainable Society. His 1995 book Who Will Feed China? challenged the official view of China’s food prospect, spawning hundreds of conferences and seminars. 

In May 2001, he founded the Earth Policy Institute to provide a vision and a road map for achieving sustainable development. In November 2001, he published Eco-Economy: Building an Economy for the Earth, and his most recent book is World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse (2011).

Awards 
He is the recipient of many prizes and awards, including 25 honorary degrees, a MacArthur Fellowship, the 1987 United Nations' Environment Prize, the 1989 World Wide Fund for Nature Gold Medal, and the 1994 Blue Planet Prize for his "exceptional contributions to solving global environmental problems." More recently, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Italy, the Borgström Prize by the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, and appointed an honorary professor of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1991, the American Humanist Association named Brown the Humanist of the Year.

Related pages
 Earth Policy Institute

References

Other websites 
 Earth Policy Institute  - biography of Lester R. Brown
 Lester Brown Interview about The Water Crisis MP3
Books online:
 Plan B: Rescuing a Planet under Stress & a Civilization in Trouble (2003); complete book online (html pages and pdf document) 
 Lester R. Brown: Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization (2008); complete book online (html pages and pdf document) 
 Lester R. Brown: Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization (2010); complete book online (html pages and pdf document)
 Lester R. Brown: World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse (2011); complete book online (html pages and pdf document)

Living people
American environmentalists
1934 births
Writers from New Jersey
The British Rail Class 222 is a diesel-electric multiple unit high-speed train capable of . Twenty-seven units have been built by Bombardier Transportation.

222
Bombardier multiple units
Gbangbatoke is a small town in southern Sierra Leone. It is in the Moyamba District. The people of Gbangbatoke are mainly from the Mende ethnic group. The Mende language is the main language.

Two of Sierra Leone's important politicians, Sir Milton Margai and Sir Albert Margai were born in Gbangbatoke.

References

Towns in Africa
Sierra Leone
The British Rail Class 303 is a type of electric multiple unit. They are also known as "Blue Train" units. They were introduced in 1960 for the electrification of the North Clyde and the Cathcart Circle lines in Strathclyde. At first they were classified as AM3 units before the introduction of the TOPS classification system. They were the dominant EMU on the Glasgow suburban railway network for over 25 years. The final units were withdrawn from service in 2002.

303
Transport in Scotland
The British Rail Class 304 is a type of electric multiple unit. They were built for suburban use on the first phases of the West Coast Main Line electrification between Crewe and Manchester/Liverpool/Rugby. They were at first classed as AM4 units and later became Class 304 under the TOPS numbering system. They could be found in operation over most of the southern West Coast Main Line. The units conformed to the 1959-design for alternating current (AC) electrical multiple units, and were externally very similar to the Class 305, Class 308 and the 1,200 V direct current (DC) class  Class 504 units. No units survived preservation, and all units were eventually scrapped.

304
The British Rail Class 305 was an alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU). Under the pre-1973 British Rail numbering system, the class was known as AM5. When TOPS as introduced, the class became Class 305.

305
The British Rail Class 312 is a type of alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU) built in 1966-1974 intended for use on outer-suburban passenger services. It was the last class of multiple unit to be constructed to the British Rail Mark 2 bodyshell, and also the last with slam doors. This latter feature contributed to their relatively early withdrawal (between 25–28 years old, compared to a life expectancy of 30 years). Ironically, the examples withdrawn by First Great Eastern and later 'one' Great Eastern between 2003 and 2004 were slightly newer than most of the carriages the operator is introducing during 2005 for use on its premier express service.

References 

312
312
British Rail Class 315 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BREL at York works from 1980 to 1981. They were the fifth and final variety of British Rail's then-standard 1972 design for suburban EMUs, which eventually encompassed 755 vehicles and five Classes (Class 313/314/315/507/508). Like the Glasgow-based Class 314 units, they are only able to operate from 25 kV overhead line current collection. The fleet works inner-suburban services on the Great Eastern Main Line run by the train operating company TfL Rail out of London Liverpool Street. Class 315s also work services from Liverpool Street to Chingford, Enfield Town and Cheshunt operated by London Overground.

315
315
Ka is one of the five parts of the Egyptian idea of the soul. The Ka was the life force and left the body during death. Ka was believed to be in food and drink and was placed with the dead for offerings. The Egyptians believed that at death the Ba and the Ka join together through Nehebkau before entering Duat.

References 

Egyptian mythology

it:Anima (religione dell'antico Egitto)#Ka
The British Rail Class 319 dual-voltage electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BREL York in two batches from 1987–88 and 1990. The trains were introduced for new north-south cross-London services from Bedford to Brighton, and since privatisation these services have been operated by Thameslink and First Capital Connect, the former franchise having been merged with the Great Northern section of the former WAGN franchise to form the latter train operating company at 0200 BST on 1 April 2006 as a result of re-franchising. Class 319 units have dual power pick-up, from either 25 kV alternating current (AC) overhead lines for services north of London, or 750 V direct current (DC) third rail to the south. However, some units were only used on outer suburban services in South London. The Class 325 postal units were based on the Class 319 units, with the same traction equipment and body design, but are fitted with cabs of the same design as the newer Class 365 and Class 465 
Networker units.

Since delivery of new rolling stock for Thameslink services started in 2015, a number of Class 319 units have been redeployed for use on other operators' services, including in the North West of England. In 2017, the last Thameslink units were withdrawn and were replaced by Class 700s.

References

319
319
The British Rail Class 320 is an alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU) train found on the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT) rail network in Central Scotland, and is used exclusively on the North Clyde Line between Helensburgh and Airdrie, North Lanarkshire via Glasgow Queen Street railway station.

2010 Service 
What with the introduction of the class 380 dsiros for the Inverclyde line, the class 334s will be put to service on the Airdrie to Bathgate route, the class 320s will be split between the cathcart circle lines and the Argyll line, 14 of the 1990 built EMUs will be put to work on the Glasgow - Newton, Neilston and Cathcart Circle lines, while the remaining units shall work alongside the class 318s on the North Clyde/Argyll lines. This can not happen without, the class 320s bogies being upgraded, currently, they have a 75 mph top speed, in November 2010 the class will be driven under their own power to WABTEC Doncaster by GBRF drivers where they will be given a full refurbishment scheme which shall include new seats, toilets fitted, painting into the new scotrail saltire livery and their top speed raised to 90 mph.

320
320
The British Rail Class 321 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BREL York in three batches from 1986–1989. The design was very successful and led to the development of the similar Class 320 and Class 322 units for use by Strathclyde PTE and Stansted Express (now used by  Greater Anglia) respectively. The bodyshell design was also used for construction of the Class 456 direct current (DC) units. The Class 321s were nicknamed 'Dusty Bins', due to the class number sharing the same name as the game show 3-2-1. (This name has also been given to the diesel multiple unit (DMU) Class 153 no. 153321 for the same reason).

Past operations 
Class 321s were originally built for the Bedford services. However, in 1990, they started being used on Great Eastern Main Line services to Southend Victoria, Braintree and Clacton, to replace the class 302 and 305 EMUs, many of which were approaching 50 years old. Some 321s (many of the 3214s) were sent to work inter-regional services for Silverlink, and then briefly for London Midland, primarily on Euston to Northampton/Milton Keynes/Tring services.

References 

321
321
The ancient Egyptians believed the soul was divided into five parts Ren, Ba, Ka, Sheut, and Ib.

Ib - Heart 
The Egyptians believed the heart held the emotions and thoughts. Believed to be weighed on the scales of Anubis by the feather of Maat. The Ib decided what your fate would be after death.

Sheut - Shadow 
Believed to be the shadow of the person. The Sheut was the essence of the person and the person could not exist with them nor could a person exist without their shadow.

Ren - Name 
Given at birth. A person was believed to live as long as their name lasted. Egyptians often went to great lengths to keep their names talked about and had them carved into monuments and surrounded by cartouche (magical rope).

Ba - Personality and Spirit 
Ba is considered the spirit. Ba is believed to have a unique personality based on the person who has it. The Ba was shown as a bird that flew from the body to unite with the Ka at death.

Ka - Life Force 
One of the five parts of the Egyptian idea of the soul. The Ka was thought of as the life force and left the body during death. Ka was believed to be in food and drink and was placed with the dead for offerings. Egyptian Mythology believes that at death the Ba and the Ka unite through Nehebkau before entering Duat.

Egyptian mythology
The British Rail Class 322 electric multiple units were built by BREL between 1988-90. Five 4-car units were built for the dedicated Stansted Express service from London Liverpool Street to Stansted Airport. The units are now operated by Greater Anglia.

322
322
Wrightwood is a census-designated place in San Bernardino County, California. About 3,800 people lived in Wrightwood as of the year 2002. Wrightwood has an area of 5.7 square miles.

Census-designated places in California
Settlements in San Bernardino County, California
Major-General Lachlan Macquaire CB (31 January 1762 – 1 July 1824)  was a British military officer and the fifth Governor of New South Wales from 1810 to 1821. 

Macquarie had a leading role in the social, economic and architectural development of Australia. Historians say he changed New South Wales from a penal colony to a free settlement. This was very important in making the future of Australian society.

Early life 
Macquarie was born on the island of Ulva, in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. His father had a small farm at Oskamull on Mull. Macquarie's brother Donald, died as a prisoner of war during the American Revolution. Macquarie joined the army, the Royal Highland Emigrants. He was sent to Nova Scotia in 1776, and later served at New York and Charleston. In 1781 he became a Lieutenant and went to Jamaica for three years. He went back to Scotland, for a few years on half pay. He then joined the 77th Regiment and went to India.

Governor
He was ordered to arrest John Macarthur and George Johnston who were the leaders of the Rum Rebellion but they had already sailed to England before he got to Australia. There was a large increase in the number of convicts sent to Australia while Macquaire was governor. He used the extra convicts to build roads, building, and towns. He gave tickets of leave to well behaved convicts. This caused him problems with the free settlers, people who had not been convicts. They thought they should have special rights, and that the convicts should not be seen as their equals. They made many complaints about Macquarie's government back to their friends in England.

Clashes between the settlers and the Aboriginal people increased. Macquarie believed that the best way to treat Aboriginal people was to civilise them. That meant replacing their traditional way of life with European ways. He set up a school for children but most left or went back to their families after a short time. He tried to make a small town to teach the Aborigines how to farm and build houses. He made laws to place Aborigines under British control.

Macquarie resigned at the end of 1821 because of poor health and the difficulty of the job. He served longer than any other governor. When he left 265 major works had been completed, including new army barracks, three convict barracks, roads to Parramatta, a road across the Blue Mountains, stables, a hospital and five towns along the Hawkesbury River, which were out of reach of floodwaters.

Return to Britain
In 1822 and 1823 Macquarie took his family on a holiday to France, Italy and Switzerland. In 1824 he went back to live in his house on Mull. In April 1824 he died in London from a bladder and kidney infection. His body was sent back to his home for burial. His grave is now looked after by the National Trust of Australia.

References 

1762 births
1824 deaths
Governors of New South Wales
British Army officers
"Honey to the Bee" is a single by Billie Piper released in 1999. It got to #3 in the UK singles chart. In January 2007, the song was used by Radio 1 DJ Chris Moyles as part of an experiment to test out the new British singles chart rules that came into effect that month, which prompted the song to rise up the iTunes music charts, and reached number 17 in the singles chart on 21 January 2007 and number 11 in the download chart.

Track listing

CD single 1
(SINCD8; Released )
"Honey to the Bee" (Radio edit) – 3:59
"Call Me" – 3:58
"What's Missing" – 3:46

CD single 2
(SINDX8; Released )
"Honey to the Bee" (Radio edit) – 3:59
"Honey to the Bee" (Acoustic version) – 4:24
"Honey to the Bee" (Delakota mix) – 5:00
"Honey to the Bee" music video

References 

1999 songs
Billie Piper songs
Pop songs
The British Rail Class 332 (originally Class 331) was  electric multiple unit passenger trains used on the Heathrow Express. These trains went from London Paddington station to Heathrow Airport. There were 14 trains which had four or five carriages each. They were built in 1998 by CAF with traction equipment supplied by Siemens Transportation Systems at a factory in Zaragoza, Spain.

332
The British Rail Class 334 is a suburban electric multiple unit built by the train maker Alstom in Birmingham. They are part of the Juniper family of trains along with Classes 458 and 460. They were built for SPT/Abellio ScotRail outer suburban services in Glasgow, UK. Their introduction saw the withdrawal of the last of Glasgow's old Class 303 "Blue Train" sets which had been in service since 1960.

History

Their introduction saw the withdrawal of the last of Glasgow's old Class 303 "Blue Train" trains which had been in service since 1960. Although delivered to Strathclyde in 1999-2002, they did not enter passenger service until 2001 due to a large number of problems (like other newly delivered Juniper trains) and technical issues which plagued the new units at their introduction. SPT had ordered 38 Juniper units originally, but two were added to the order as a goodwill gesture, because of these problems.

SPT purchased a total of 40 units, although only paying for 38 of the units (2 were given free, with the reason stated above) which can be seen in use daily across the SPT electric network. On the first running of the units, 334010 and 334020 ran to Gourock. Initially the units ran Ayrshire Coast Line and Inverclyde Line services but then become a common sight on the Argyle Line and North Clyde Line.

In December 2010, the Class 334s operated the Ayrshire Coast Line, Inverclyde Line, North Clyde Line and Argyle Line.

By June 2011 the class was substantially replaced by the Class 380 units on the Ayrshire Coast Line and Inverclyde lines, with only occasional units seen on those routes, to be refurbished.

Relivery and Refurbishment
In September 2008, the Scottish Government's agency Transport Scotland announced that all ScotRail trains (including from the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport) would be eventually repainted in a new, blue livery with white Saltire markings on the carriage ends. Class 334 re-livery began in November 2010 in preparation for the Airdrie to Bathgate reopening.

On 24 August 2011, ScotRail announced plans to refurbish all the fleet, with the project expected to start in November 2011 and take two years to complete. 334020 was the first to be properly refurbished at Kilmarnock's Brodie Rail Works. It was there for 3 months from 3 February 2012 to 2 May 2012. The last unit to receive a full refresh was 334006 which left Brodie Works on 8 November 2014.

From early 2015, an extensive overhaul will be carried out by Alstom to the entire fleet to improve passenger conditions, which will include the retrofitting of full air conditioning, at-seat charging points, provision for wi-fi, and reliability improvements to the doors. Additionally, a new CCTV system for Driver Only Operation will be installed.

References

334
Class 341 and Class 342 were proposed electric multiple unit classes from the Networker series planned to operate new services on the UK rail network.

References

341
The British Rail Class 350 "Desiro" is class of electrical multiple unit built by Siemens Mobility from 2004- present. Thirty of these units, known as Class 350/1s, were built for use by Central Trains and Silverlink on regional express services and Central Citylink  services on the southern section of the West Coast Main Line. A further 37 units known as Class 350/2s were delivered to the UK for London Midland. The "Desiro" family also includes units of Classes 185, 360, 444 and 450. This train is nearly identical to the 450, as it was originated from that.

Other websites

350
The British Rail Class 357 "Electrostar" alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by ADtranz, Derby (now owned by Bombardier Transportation) from 1999 to 2003 at a cost of approximately £350 million. The Electrostar family also includes Classes 375, 376, 377 and 378, and is the most numerous type of EMU built in the post-privatisation period of Britain's railways. These units were built in two batches for LTS Rail, since rebranded as c2c.

References 

Adtranz multiple units
357
The British Rail Class 360 electric multiple units were built by Siemens in two sub-types from 2002–2005. These units are part of the Desiro family.

360
The British Rail Class 365 "Networker Express" are dual-voltage (25kV AC and 750V DC) electric multiple units built by ABB at York from 1994-95. These were the last units to be built at York works before it closed. All Class 365 units received front end cab modifications to equip them with cab air conditioning. Their final service was on May 15 2021.

365
The British Rail Class 375 Electrostar electric multiple unit train was built by Bombardier Transportation (previously ADtranz) at their Derby Works, from 1999 to 2005. The Electrostar family, which also includes Classes 357, 376, 377, 378, 379 and 387, is the most numerous type of EMU introduced since the privatisation of British Rail. The trains are operated by Southeastern, along with their Class 377 fleet, on regional and outer suburban services. 

375
Bombardier multiple units
Adtranz multiple units