Events

Up to 1900 
 1057  Pope Stephen IX is elected.
 1158  Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
 1177  The Cham people conquer the Khmer city of Angkor in present-day Cambodia, where the Angkor Wat temple is located. They came over the Tonle Sap lake on their way there.
 1216  First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France captures the city of Winchester and then conquers over half of the Kingdom of England.
 1276  While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song Dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for the young prince, Zhao Shi, making Emperor Duanzong of Song.
 1285  Forces led by Prince Tran Quang Khai of Vietnam's Tran Dynasty destroys most of the invading Mongol naval fleet in the Battle of Chuong Duong.
 1381  Richard II of England meets with leaders of the Peasants' Revolt.
 1645  English Civil War: The Battle of Naseby results in 12,000 royalists being defeated by 15,000 parliamentarian soldiers.
 1648  Margaret Jones is hanged in Boston, Massachusetts, being the first execution for witchcraft in the Massachusetts colony.
 1775  The Continental Army is founded by the Continental Congress. This is regarded as the founding of the United States Army.
 1777  The Stars and Stripes is chosen as the national flag of the United States.
 1789  After the Mutiny on the Bounty, William Bligh and 18 other survivors reach the island of Timor, after a 7,400-kilometre open-boat journey.
 1797  The Ligurian Republic is declared in Genoa.
 1800  Napoleonic Wars: The French re-conquer Italy after defeating the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo.
 1807  Napoleon Bonaparte's French Grande Armee defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland in what was then part of Poland, ending the War of the Fourth Coalition
 1811  Harriet Beecher Stowe, writer of Uncle Tom's Cabin, is born.
 1822  Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine to the Royal Astronomical Society, which he describes as 'note on application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables'.
 1830  The French invasion of Algiers begins.
 1839  The first Henley-on-Thames Royal Regatta takes place in Oxfordshire.
 1846  Not knowing of the Mexican-American War, 22 American settlers  found the Republic of California, which is annexed by the United States soon after.
 1863  American Civil War: Second Battle of Winchester.
 1872  Trade Unions are legalised in Canada.
 1891  A bridge collapse near Munchenstein in Switzerland, causes a train to derail, killing 78 people.
 1900  Hawaii is annexed by the United States.
 1900  The Reichstag approves a second law that allows the expansion of the German navy.

1901  2000 
 1907  Norway gives women the right to vote.
 1913  Football: The club Racing Santander is founded in Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
 1914  The five-ring flag of the Olympics is first raised.
 1919  John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown depart from St. John's, Newfoundland on the first non-stop trans-Atlantic flight.
 1926  Brazil leaves the League of Nations.
 1937  Itatiaia National Park becomes the first National Park in Brazil.
 1937  Pennsylvania starts to celebrate Flag Day as a public holiday.
 1940  World War II: Paris falls under German occupation.
 1940  Holocaust: The Auschwitz Concentration Camp is opened.
 1940  The Soviet Union issues an ultimatum to Lithuania, ending its independence.
 1941  June deportation: The first major wave of Soviet mass deportations and murders of Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians begins.
 1942  Anne Frank starts to write in her diary.
 1949  Bao Dai is installed as the South Vietnamese leader in Saigon.
 1951  UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) is dedicated by the US Census bureau.
 1954  Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill adding 'under God' into the US Pledge of Allegiance.
 1955  Chile signs the Buenos Aires Convention.
 1962  The European Space Research Organisation is founded in Paris, later becoming the European Space Agency.
 1965  Nguyen Cao Ky becomes leader of South Vietnam, leading a military junta.
 1967  The Mariner 5 space probe is launched to Venus.
 1967  The People's Republic of China tests its first hydrogen bomb.
 1982  The Falklands War comes to an end, as Argentine forces surrender to the British in Port Stanley.
 1985  TWA Flight 847 is hijacked by Hezbollah shortly after take-off from Athens.
 1993  Tansu Ciller becomes the first female Prime Minister of Turkey.
 1994  A riot occurs in Vancouver after a Stanley Cup ice hockey match, where the New York Rangers defeated the Vancouver Canucks.
 1998  The Storebaelt Bridge, consisting of Western and Eastern sections and connecting the Danish islands of Funen and Zealand, is opened to traffic.
 1998  The Chicago Bulls win a 6th NBA championship in 8 years. Part of the successful team was Michael Jordan.
 1999  Thabo Mbeki is chosen to succeed Nelson Mandela as President of South Africa.

From 2001 
 2002  Near-Earth asteroid "2002 MN" misses the Earth by 121,000 kilometers (75,000 miles).
 2003  In a referendum, a majority of voters in the Czech Republic approves entry to the EU.
 2013  The Airbus A350 aircraft has its first flight.
 2015  The Philae spacecraft, which made the first successful landing on a comet in November 2014, wakes up. It had gone into hibernation a few days after landing.
 2015  Flooding in Tbilisi, Georgia, kills 12 people and results in several zoo animals either being killed or escaping onto the streets.
 2017  Grenfell Tower fire: A massive fire occurs in a tower block in North Kensington, London, killing 72 people.
 2017  2017 Congressional baseball shooting: Gunman James T. Hodgkinson opens fire on a baseball practice session among US Republican members of Congress, before being shot dead by police. Congressman Steve Scalise is severely injured in the attack.
 2017  Leo Varadkar becomes Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland. 
 2018  The 2018 FIFA World Cup starts in Moscow, as hosts Russia defeat Saudi Arabia 5-0.
 2019  The 2019 Copa América, in Brazil, starts; the hosts start the tournament with a 3-0 win over Bolivia.

Births

Up to 1900 
 1444  Nilakantha Somayaji, Indian astronomer and mathematician (d. 1544)
 1463  Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1514)  
 1479  Giglio Gregorio Giraldi, Italian poet (d. 1552)
 1529  Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria (d. 1595)
 1691  Jan Francisci, Hungarian organist and composer (d. 1758)
 1712  Sayat-Nova, Armenian singer, poet and composer (d. 1795)
 1726  James Hutton, Scottish geologist (d. 1797)
 1726  Thomas Pennant, Welsh naturalist (d. 1798)
 1730  Antonio Sacchini, Italian composer (d. 1786)
 1736  Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist (d. 1806)
 1763  Simon Mayr, German composer (d. 1845)
 1780  Henry Salt, English artist, diplomat and Egyptologist (d. 1827)
 1796  Nikolai Brashman, Russian mathematician (d. 1866)
 1798  Frantisek Palacky, Czech scholar and politician (d. 1876)
 1801  Heber C. Kimball, American religious leader (d. 1868)
 1811  Harriet Beecher Stowe, American writer (d. 1896)
 1812  Fernando Wood, Mayor of New York City (d. 1881)
 1819  Henry Gardner, 23rd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1892)
 1832  Nikolaus Otto, German engineer (d. 1891)
 1835  Nikolai Rubinstein, Russian composer, pianist and conductor (d. 1881)
 1838  Yamagata Aritomo, Japanese military leader, and two-time Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1922)
 1840  William F. Nast, American attaché, railroad executive and inventor (d. 1893)
 1855  Robert M. La Follette, Sr., 20th Governor of Wisconsin (d. 1925)
 1856  Andrei Markov, Russian mathematician (d. 1922)
 1862  John Ulric Nef, Swiss-born chemist (d. 1915)
 1864  Alois Alzheimer, German doctor, discovered Alzheimer's disease (d. 1915)
 1868  Karl Landsteiner, Austrian doctor, won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1943)
 1870  Sophia of Prussia, Queen consort of Greece (d. 1932)
 1871  Jacob Ellehammer, Danish inventor (d. 1946)
 1877  Jane Bathori, French soprano (d. 1970)
 1884  John McCormack, Irish fencer (d. 1945)
 1884  Georg Zacharias, German swimmer (d. 1953)
 1888  Jacques de Lacretelle, French writer (d. 1985)
 1893  Siggie Nordstrom, Swedish singer (d. 1980)
 1894  Marie-Adelaide, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (d. 1924)
 1895  Jack Adams, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1968)
 1895  Pan Yuliang, Chinese painter (d. 1977)
 1899  Yasunari Kawabata, Japanese writer (d. 1972)

1901  1950 
 1903  Alonzo Church, American mathematician and theorist (d. 1995)
 1907  Chico Landi, Brazilian racing driver (d. 1989)
 1909  Burl Ives, American musician (d. 1995)
 1910  Rudolf Kempe, German conductor (d. 1976)
 1910  Carlo Ceseroli, Italian footballer (d. 1995)
 1916  Georg Henrik von Wright, Finnish philosopher (d. 2003)
 1917  Lise Norgaard, Danish journalist, novelist and screenwriter
 1919  Gene Barry, American actor (d. 2009)
 1919  Sam Wanamaker, American actor (d. 1993)
 1920  Jacques Datin, French songwriter (d. 1973)
 1921  Martha Greenhouse, American actress (d. 2013)
 1922  Kevin Roche, Irish architect (d. 2019)
 1923  Judith Kerr, German-born English writer (d. 2019)
 1924  James W. Black, Scottish physician (d. 2010)
 1925  Serge Moscovici, French psychologist (d. 2014)
 1925  Pierre Salinger, American journalist and politician (d. 2004)
 1926  Hermann Kant, German writer (d. 2016)
 1928  Che Guevara, Argentinian Marxist revolutionary (d. 1967)
 1928  Robert Brout, Belgian physicist (d. 2011)
 1929  Gunilla Pontén, Swedish fashion designer (d. 2019)
 1930  Odile Versois, French actress (d. 1980)
 1931  Marla Gibbs, American actress, singer and screenwriter
 1931  Junior Walker, American saxophonist and singer (d. 1995)
 1933  Jerzy Kosinski, Polish-American writer (d. 1991)
 1933  Vladislav Rastorotsky, Soviet gymnastics coach
 1936  Renaldo Benson, American singer-songwriter (d. 2005)
 1936  George Hugh Niederauer, American bishop (d. 2017)
 1939  Steny Hoyer, American politician
 1940  Jack Bannon, American actor (d. 2017)
 1940  Francesco Guccini, Italian singer, musician and actor
 1942  Andy Irvine, English-Irish singer-songwriter and bouzouki player
 1943  Piet Keizer, Dutch footballer (d. 2017)
 1945  Rod Argent, English rock musician
 1945  Carlos Reichenbach, Brazilian director and producer (d. 2012)
 1946  Ahmad Zahir, Afghan singer (d. 1979)
 1946  Donald Trump, American businessman, politician and 45th President of the United States
 1946  Robert Louis-Dreyfus, French businessman (d. 2009)
 1947  Barry Melton, American guitarist
 1949  Jim Lea, British musician (Slade)
 1949  Papa Wemba, Congolese singer and musician (d. 2016)
 1949  Alan White, British musician
 1950  Rowan Williams, former Archbishop of Canterbury

1951  1975 
 1951  Paul Boateng, British politician
 1952  Pat Summitt, American basketball player and coach (d. 2016)
 1953  Hana Laszlo, Israeli actress and comedienne
 1954  Frank Hadden, Scottish rugby union coach
 1955  Kirron Kher, Indian actress
 1955  Paul O'Grady, British TV presenter and entertainer
 1955  Michael D. Duvall, American politician
 1956  King Diamond, Danish singer
 1956  Gianna Nannini, Italian singer-songwriter and musician
 1958  Olaf Scholz, German politician, former Mayor of Hamburg
 1958  Eric Heiden, American speed skater
 1958  Pamela Geller, American blogger, author, political activist and animator
 1961  Boy George, British singer
 1961  Dusan Kojic, Serbian singer-songwriter and musician
 1966  Traylor Howard, American actress
 1968  Yasmine Bleeth, American actress
 1969  Steffi Graf, German tennis player
 1969  Kyle Hebert, American actor
 1970  Heather McDonald, American actress, comedienne and author
 1971  Ramon Vega, Swiss footballer
 1971  Bruce Bowen, American basketball player
 1973  Sami Kapanen, Finnish ice hockey player

From 1976 
 1976  Alan Carr, British comedian
 1976  Massimo Oddo, Italian footballer
 1977  Joe Worsley, English rugby player
 1978  Diablo Cody, American screenwriter
 1979  Paradorn Srichaphan, Thai tennis player
 1981  Lonneke Engel, Dutch model
 1981  Elano, Brazilian footballer
 1981  Alastair Kellock, Scottish rugby union player
 1982  Lang Lang, Chinese pianist
 1982  Luda Kroiter, Moldovan 5-time world salsa champion
 1984  Siobhan Donaghy, British singer
 1984  Yury Prilukov, Russian swimmer
 1985  Oleg Medvedev, Russian luger
 1986  Haley Hudson, American actress and singer
 1988  Dayo Okeniyi, Nigerian actor
 1988  Kevin McHale, American actor
 1989  Lucy Hale, American actress
 1989  Cory Higgins, American basketball player
 1989  Joao Rojas, Ecuadorean footballer
 1990  Patrice Cormier, Canadian ice hockey player
 1991  Erick Barrondo, Guatemalan race walker
 1991  Kostas Manolas, Greek footballer
 1991  André Carrillo, Peruvian footballer
 1991  Jesy Nelson, English singer (Little Mix)
 1992  Daryl Sabara, American actor
 1992  Evan Sabara, American actor
 1993  Svetlana Issakova, Estonian figure skater
 1993  Callum McGregor, Scottish footballer

Deaths

Up to 1930 
 1161  Emperor Qinzong of China (b. 1100)
 1205  Walter, Count of Brienne
 1349  Günther von Schwarzburg, King of Germany (b. 1304) 
 1381  Simon Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury
 1497  Giovanni Borgia, 2nd Duke of Gandia, son of Pope Alexander VI (b. 1474)
 1516  John III of Navarre (b. 1469)
 1544  Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1489)
 1548  Carpentras, French composer (b. 1470)
 1594  Orlande di Lasso, Flemish composer (b. 1532)
 1642  Saskia van Uylenburgh, wife of Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn (b. 1612)
 1648  Margaret Jones, first person to be executed for witchcraft in Massachusetts
 1662  Henry Vane the Younger, English colonial governor and politician (b. 1613)
 1703  Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer (b. 1625)
 1746  Colin Maclaurin, Scottish mathematician (b. 1698)
 1800  Louis Charles Antoine Desaix, French general (b. 1768)
 1801  Benedict Arnold, American soldier (b. 1841)
 1825  Pierre Charles L'Enfant, French-American architect and designer (b. 1754)
 1837  Giacomo Leopardi, Italian writer (b. 1798)
 1883  Charles J. Jenkins, Governor of Georgia (b. 1805)
 1886  Alexander Ostrovsky, Russian dramatist (b. 1823)
 1908  Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby, British Governor-General of Canada (b. 1841)
 1914  Adlai E. Stevenson, American politician (b. 1835)
 1920  Max Weber, German sociologist and political economist (b. 1864)
 1923  Isabelle Bogelot, French philanthropist (b. 1838)
 1926  Mary Cassatt, American painter (b. 1843)
 1927  Ottavio Bottecchia, Italian cyclist (b. 1894)
 1927  Jerome K. Jerome, British writer (b. 1859)
 1928  Emmeline Pankhurst, British women's rights campaigner (b. 1858)

1931  2010 
 1932  Peter Adler Alberti, Danish politician and swindler (b. 1851)
 1936  G. K. Chesterton, British writer (b. 1874)
 1936  Hans Poelzig, German architect, painter and designer (b. 1869)
 1946  John Logie Baird, Scottish inventor and television pioneer (b. 1888)
 1953  Klement Gottwald, Czech politician (b. 1896)
 1968  Salvatore Quasimodo, Italian writer (b. 1901)
 1976  Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (b. 1900)
 1979  Ahmad Zahir, Afghan singer (b. 1946)
 1986  Jorge Luis Borges, Argentine writer and poet (b. 1899)
 1986  Alan Jay Lerner, American composer (b. 1918)
 1991  Peggy Ashcroft, British actress (b. 1907)
 1994  Henry Mancini, American composer (b. 1924)
 1994  Marcel Mouloudji, French singer and actor (b. 1922)
 1996  Noemi Gerstein, Argentine artist (b. 1908)
 1997  Richard Jaeckel, American actor (b. 1926)
 2000  Attilio Bertolucci, Italian poet and writer (b. 1911)
 2004  Ulrich Inderbinen, Swiss mountain guide (b. 1900)
 2005  Carlo Maria Giulini, Italian conductor (b. 1914)
 2007  Ruth Graham, American poet, wife of Billy Graham (b. 1920)
 2007  Kurt Waldheim, Austrian UN Secretary-General (b. 1918)
 2007  Robin Olds, American fighter pilot (b. 1922)
 2009  Ivan Della Mea, Italian singer-songwriter (b. 1940)
 2010  Leonid Kizim, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1941)

From 2011 
 2011  Peter Schamoni, German movie director and producer (b. 1934)
 2012  Carlos Reichenbach, Brazilian director and producer (b. 1945)
 2013  Gene Mako, Hungarian-American tennis player (b. 1916)
 2014  Sam Kelly, English actor (b. 1943)
 2014  Isabelle Collin Dufresne, French-American actress (b. 1935)
 2014  Robert Lebeck, German photojournalist (b. 1929)
 2014  Francis Matthews, English actor (b. 1927)
 2014  Benjamin Winter, German equestrian (b. 1988)
 2015  Hugo Blanco, Venezuelan musician (b. 1940)
 2015  Zito, Brazilian footballer (b. 1932)
 2015  Qiao Shi, Chinese politician (b. 1924)
 2015  Anne Nicol Gaylor, American activist (b. 1926)
 2016  Henry McCullough, Northern Irish guitarist (b. 1943)
 2016  Irma Roy, Argentine actress and politician (b. 1932)
 2016  Ronnie Claire Edwards, American actress (b. 1933) 
 2016  Anatoli Grishin, Russian sprint canoeist (b. 1939)
 2016  Ann Morgan Guilbert, American actress (b. 1928)
 2016  Gertrude Kerbis, American architect (b. 1926)
 2016  Gilles Lamontagne, Canadian politician (b. 1919)
 2017  James T. Hodgkinson, American home inspector, businessman and gunman (b. 1951)
 2017  Ernestina Herrera de Noble, Argentine newspaper editor (b. 1925)
 2017  Arthur J. Jackson, American military officer (b. 1924)
 2018  Vincent R. Gray, English-New Zealand chemist (b. 1922)
 2018  Mongi Kooli, Tunisian politician (b. 1930)
 2018  Stanislav Govorukhin, Russian film director, actor and screenwriter (b. 1936)
 2018  Sonia Scurfield, Canadian businesswoman and sports team owner (b. 1928)
 2018  Fazlullah, Pakistani terrorist (b. 1974)
 2019  Bernard M. Judge, American newspaper editor (b. 1940)
 2019  Ricardo Migliorisi, Paraguayan painter and designer (b. 1948)
 2019  Roger Béteille, French aeronautical engineer and businessman (b. 1921)
 2019  George E. Felton, British computer scientist (b. 1921)
 2019  Ebert Van Buren, Honduran-American football player (b. 1924)
 2019  James Wyngaarden, American physician (b. 1924)
 2020  Luce Douady, French climber (b. 2003)
 2020  Elsa Joubert, South African writer (b. 1922)
 2020  Noel Kelly, Australian rugby league player and coach (b. 1936)
 2020  Mohammad-Ali Keshavarz, Iranian actor (b. 1930)
 2020  Aarón Padilla Gutiérrez, Mexican footballer (b. 1942)
 2020  Sushant Singh Rajput, Indian actor (b. 1986)
 2020  Haroldo Rodas, Guatemalan politician (b. 1946)
 2020  Claude Samuel, French music critic and radio businessman (b. 1931)
 2020  Keith Tippett, British jazz pianist and composer (b. 1947)  
 2020  Raj Mohan Vohra, Indian army lieutenant general (b. 1932)

Observances 
 Flag Day (United States)
 Freedom Day (Malawi)
 Liberation Day (Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands)
 Women's Day (Iraq)
 World Blood Donor Day (after birthday of Karl Landsteiner)
 Mourning and Commemoration Day (Estonia)
 Mourning and Hope Day (Lithuania)
 Day of Memory for Repressed People (Armenia)

Days of the year