cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
"Handel's Largo" is the popular title for an aria composed by George Frideric Handel. He wrote it in 1738 for the opera Serse (). The opera was a failure. It closed after only five performances. One hundred years later though the aria was resurrected. It became a big hit. It was performed at solemn occasions such as funerals and weddings. It was arranged for all sorts of instruments and voices. It is known by many people as "Ombra mai fu" because those words are the first words of the aria. The title is Italian and means "Never was a shade". The aria is sung by the main character, Xerxes I of Persia. He is admiring the shade of a tree. The original tempo is larghetto (a little slow and solemn). The aria is short. It is only 52 bars long. It lasts about four minutes. In the opera, a string section accompanies the singer. These strings are first and second violins, viola, and basses. The key signature is F major. The time signature is 3/4 time.

Other websites 
 "Ombra mai fu" at The Aria Database

Compositions by George Frideric Handel
Arias
1738
1730s operas
The Water Music is a group of pieces for Baroque orchestra. The pieces were composed by George Frideric Handel. The Water Music is made up of three suites. These suites include minuets, hornpipes, bourrées, and other dances. In sum, there are three suites (F major, D major, G major), made up of 21 individual pieces. 

Legend says the three suites were first played on a trip taken by King George I of England up the Thames to Chelsea or Lambeth on 17 July 1717. The King had known Handel for a long time. For some reason though, he was angry with Handel.  The Water Music was Handel's way of appeasing the King. Fifty musicians floated alongside the King's barge playing the suites. The King was so pleased he ordered Water Music played three times.

Another Legend has it that He played it for a party King George I was having. It says he hired Handel to write a piece of music for him and his royal friends to listen to while sailing in the water; thus the name Water Music 

All the instruments in the Baroque orchestra were included in the composition, except the harpsichord and timpani. It would have been difficult to bring these  instruments aboard a barge. The instruments in a complete performance are a flute, two recorders, two oboes, one bassoon, two horns, two trumpets, strings, and continuo.

Other websites 
 

Compositions by George Frideric Handel
Suites
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Shimizu was born in Hiroshima Prefecture. He played for his local club Rijo Shukyu-Dan. He won 1924 and 1925 Emperor's Cup with international players Shizuo Miyama and Sachi Kagawa.

In May 1923, Shimizu was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Osaka. At this competition, on May 23, he debuted against Philippines. This match is Japan team first match in "International A Match". Next day, he played and scored a goal against Republic of China. But Japan lost in both matches (1-2, v Philippines and 1-5, v Republic of China). He played 2 games and scored 1 goal for Japan in 1923.

After retirement, Shimizu kept a kimono shop in Hiroshima. However, on August 6, 1945, he (aged 44) died with his wife (aged 38) (Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki).

Statistics

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|1923||2||1
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Year of birth missing
1945 deaths
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Harada played for Osaka SC which was founded by his alma mater Meisei Commercial High School graduates with many Japan national team players Kiyoo Kanda, Shiro Azumi, Usaburo Hidaka, Toshio Hirabayashi, Setsu Sawagata, Kikuzo Kisaka, Yoshio Fujiwara and Shumpei Inoue.

In May 1923, Harada was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Osaka. At this competition, on May 23, he debuted against Philippines. This match is Japan team first match in "International A Match". Next day, he also played against Republic of China. But Japan lost in both matches (1-2, v Philippines and 1-5, v Republic of China). He played 2 games for Japan in 1923. He was also selected Japan for 1925 Far Eastern Championship Games, but he did not compete, as he was the team's reserve goalkeeper behind Yanosuke Watanabe.

Statistics

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|1923||2||0
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Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Japanese footballers
Japan international footballers
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
After graduating from Meisei Commercial High School, Azumi played for Osaka SC which was founded by his alma mater high school graduates and many Japan national team players Kiyoo Kanda, Fukusaburo Harada, Usaburo Hidaka, Toshio Hirabayashi, Setsu Sawagata, Kikuzo Kisaka, Yoshio Fujiwara, Shumpei Inoue, Yoshimatsu Oyama, Toshio Miyaji, Uichiro Hatta, Sakae Takahashi and Kiyonosuke Marutani were playing in those days.

In May 1923, Azumi was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Osaka. At this competition, on May 23, he debuted against Philippines. This match is Japan team first match in "International A Match". He also played at 1925 Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. He played 3 games for Japan until 1925. But Japan lost in both matches.

Statistics

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|1923||2||0
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|1924||0||0
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|1925||1||0
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Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Japanese footballers
Japan international footballers
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Kanda played for Osaka SC which was founded by his alma mater Meisei Commercial High School graduates and many Japan national team players Shiro Azumi, Fukusaburo Harada, Usaburo Hidaka, Toshio Hirabayashi, Setsu Sawagata, Kikuzo Kisaka, Yoshio Fujiwara, Shumpei Inoue, Yoshimatsu Oyama, Toshio Miyaji, Uichiro Hatta, Sakae Takahashi and Kiyonosuke Marutani were playing in those days.

In May 1923, Kanda was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Osaka. At this competition, on May 23, he debuted against Philippines. This match is Japan team first match in "International A Match". He also played at 1925 Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. He played 4 games for Japan until 1925. But Japan lost in both matches.

Kanda died on May 9, 1970.

Statistics

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|1923||2||0
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|1924||0||0
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|1925||2||0
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Year of birth missing
1970 deaths
Japanese footballers
Japan international footballers
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Hatta was born in Osaka on September 10, 1903. He played for Osaka SC which was founded by his alma mater high school graduates and many Japan national team players Yoshimatsu Oyama, Toshio Miyaji, Sakae Takahashi and Kiyonosuke Marutani were playing in those days.

In May 1925, Hatta was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, on May 17, he debuted against Philippines. On May 20, he also played against Republic of China. But Japan lost in both matches (0-4, v Philippines and 0-2, v Republic of China). He played 2 games for Japan in 1925.

After retirement, Hatta entered Tokyo Imperial University and studied law. He graduated from university in 1930 and he became a judge. He worked at Tokyo District Court and so on.

April 20, 1989, Hatta died of heart failure in Fujisawa at the age of 85.

Statistics

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|1925||2||0
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1903 births
1989 deaths
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Alcina is an opera seria with music by George Frideric Handel. The libretto was written by Riccardo Broschi. The opera is based on an episode in Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando furioso, an epic poem set in the time of Charlemagne's wars against Islam. Handel composed several little ballets in the opera for the famous dancer Marie Sallé.

Alcina was first performed on 16 April 1735 at Covent Garden in London. It was revived in Germany in 1738. It was not performed again until 1928.

Joan Sutherland sang the role for her debut in Venice in 1960. She sang it again the same year in Dallas. She sang it at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, in 1962. Renée Fleming sang the role in Chicago in 1999.

Roles 
 Alcina, a sorceress - soprano
 Morgana, her sister - soprano
 Oberto, a boy searching for his father - boy soprano
 Ruggiero, a knight and Bradamente's fiancé - mezzo-soprano castrato
 Bradamante, Ruggiero's fiancée - mezzo-soprano
 Oronte, Morgana's lover - tenor
 Melisso, Ruggiero's former tutor - bass

Story 
Alcina is a sorceress. She changes people into stones, trees, and animals. Bradamente lands on Alcina's island looking for her fiancé Ruggiero. He has been enchanted by Alcina. He is in love with her.

Bradamente has a magic ring that allows her to break spells. She intends to use it to free Alcina's victims. She lets Ruggiero wear it. He sees at once that Alcina is a cruel enchantress and that her island is a desert.

Alcina is truly in love with Ruggiero. Her magic powers slip away. Bradamente and Ruggiero destroy an urn that is the source of Alcina's power. Alcina's world disappears. Her victims become humans again.

References 
 Dean, Winton (2006), Handel's Operas, 1726-1741, Boydell Press,   (The second of the two volume definitive reference on the operas of Handel)

Other websites 
Libretto from www.librettidopera.it
Summary  from Opera-Opera.com  (Second section down)
  from Bayerische Staatsoper (Bavarian State Opera). Video clip
   Video clip from Semperoper, November 2011 Dresden
Full score (German Handel Society: Leipzig. 1868)

Compositions by George Frideric Handel
1730s operas
1735
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. He is sometimes known as Shojiro Nomura (野村 正二郎).

Biography
Sugimura was born in Osaka on April 4, 1905. He played for Waseda WMW which was consisted of his alma mater Waseda University players and graduates. At the club, he played with many Japan national team players Shigeyoshi Suzuki, Haruo Arima, Misao Tamai, Tamotsu Asakura, Shigeru Takahashi, Nagayasu Honda, Ko Takamoro and Michiyo Taki.

In August 1927, when Sugimura was a Waseda University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Shanghai. At this competition, on August 27, he debuted against Republic of China.

After retirement, Sugimura joined Japan Football Association and served as a director. He also worked Ministry of Education, Science and Culture and taught as professor at Sophia University.

On January 15, 1975, Sugimura died of myocardial infarction in Bunkyo, Tokyo at the age of 69.

Statistics

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|1927||1||0
|-
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1905 births
1975 deaths
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Kondo was born in Tokyo Metropolis on June 1, 1907. He played for Tokyo Imperial University LB which was consisted of his alma mater Tokyo Imperial University players and graduates.

In August 1927, when Kondo was a Mito High School student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Shanghai. At this competition, on August 27, he debuted against Republic of China. On August 29, he also played against Philippines and Japan won this match. This is Japan national team first victory in "International A Match". He played 2 games for Japan in 1927.

After graduating from Tokyo Imperial University, Kondo retired and became a doctor. He served as a professor of Tokyo Women's Medical University and so on.

On February 9, 1991, Kondo died of intracranial hemorrhage in Yokosuka at the age of 83.

Statistics

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|1927||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

References

Other websites

1907 births
1991 deaths
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Deaths from intracranial hemorrhage
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Takamoro was born in Saitama on November 9, 1907. He played for Saitama Shukyu-Dan and Waseda WMW which was consisted of his alma mater Waseda University players and graduates. At Waseda WMW, he played with many Japan national team players Shigeyoshi Suzuki, Haruo Arima, Misao Tamai, Tamotsu Asakura, Shigeru Takahashi, Shojiro Sugimura, Nagayasu Honda and Michiyo Taki. He won the 1928 Emperor's Cup.

In August 1927, when Takamoro was a Waseda University Senior High School student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Shanghai. At this competition, on August 27, he debuted against Republic of China. On August 29, he also played against Philippines and Japan won this match. This is Japan national team first victory in "International A Match". He played 2 games for Japan in 1927.

After retirement, Takamoro worked at Asahi Shimbun from 1936 to 1962.

Takamoro died on March 26, 1995 at the age of 87.

Statistics

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|1927||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

References

Other websites

1907 births
1995 deaths
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Japan international footballers
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Honda played for Waseda WMW which was consisted of his alma mater Waseda University players and graduates. At the club, he played with many Japan national team players Shigeyoshi Suzuki, Haruo Arima, Misao Tamai, Tamotsu Asakura, Shigeru Takahashi, Shojiro Sugimura, Ko Takamoro, Michiyo Taki and Tameo Ide. He won 1928 Emperor's Cup at the club.

In August 1927, when Honda was a Waseda University Senior High School student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Shanghai. At this competition, on August 27, he debuted against Republic of China. On August 29, he also played against Philippines, and Japan won this match. This is Japan national team first victory in "International A Match". He also played at 1930 Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. He played 4 games for Japan until 1930.

Statistics

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|1927||2||0
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|1928||0||0
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|1929||0||0
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|1930||2||0
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Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Japanese footballers
Japan international footballers
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Haruyama was born in Tokyo Metropolis on April 4, 1906. He played for Tokyo Imperial University LB which was consisted of his alma mater Tokyo Imperial University players and graduates.

In August 1927, when Haruyama was a Mito High School student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Shanghai. At this competition, on August 27, he debuted against Republic of China. On August 29, he also played against Philippines, and Japan won this match. This is Japan national team first victory in "International A Match". He also played at 1930 Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. He played 4 games for Japan until 1930.

After retirement, Haruyama joined Nikkan Sports in 1946.

On June 17, 1987, Haruyama died of a bleeding of gastrointestinal tract in Toshima, Tokyo at the age of 81.

Statistics

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|1927||2||0
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|1928||0||0
|-
|1929||0||0
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|1930||2||0
|-
!Total||4||0
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Other websites

1906 births
1987 deaths
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Teshima was born in Hiroshima Prefecture on February 26, 1907. He played for Tokyo OB Club and won the 1933 Emperor's Cup with Shigemaru Takenokoshi and Teiichi Matsumaru.

In May 1930, when Teshima was a Tokyo Imperial University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted and scored a goal against Philippines. On May 29, he also played and scored a goal against Republic of China. He played 2 games and scored 2 goals for Japan in 1930.

After graduating from Tokyo Imperial University, Teshima retired playing career and joined Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. In 1940, he joined Tanabe Pharmaceutical and helps develop the club.

Teshima died on November 6, 1982 at the age of 75. In 2008, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.

Statistics

|-
|1930||2||2
|-
!Total||2||2
|}

References

Other websites

Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association

1907 births
1982 deaths
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Lee Yoo-Hyung (January 21, 1911 - January 29, 2003) was a South Korean professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Japanese national team in 1940.

International career statistics

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|1940||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
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References

Other websites

 Japan Football Association

1911 births
2003 deaths
Japanese footballers
South Korean footballers
South Korean football managers
Japan international footballers
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Aoki was born on April 10, 1929. He played for Chiyoda Life.

On January 5, 1955, he debuted for the Japan national team against Burma.

Statistics

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|1955||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
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1929 births
Living people
Japanese footballers
Japan international footballers
See also: Dravida Nadu

South India is often used to refer to the states and territories in the southern part of the Republic of India. In general, one of the following is meant:
Andhra Pradesh
Goa, former European colony
Karnataka
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Lakshadweep, a group of Islands, and union territory
Puducherry or Pondicherry, anoter union territory made up of city states along the coast.

Regions of India
The , also known as the Nara Research Institute for Cultural Properties or as Nabunken, is a semi-governmental entity which focuses on the preservation of Japan's cultural heritage of objects, artworks and writings.

Nabunken is an Independent Administrative Institution (IAI).

History
Nabunken was established in 1972.  It's work is divided into departments with different interests, including
 excavation and restoration of Heijō-kyō, Fujiwara-kyō, and other sites
 study of documents from Japan's early historical periods.

In 2001, the Nara Institute and the National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo merged.

In 2007, the Research Institutes were merged with the Tokyo National Museum, the Kyoto National Museum, the Nara National Museum and the Kyushu National Museum.

Related pages
 List of Independent Administrative Institutes in Japan

References

Other websites
 Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties website 
 Agency for Cultural Affairs website 

Independent Administrative Institutions of Japan
"Still Got It" is a song by Tyga featuring Drake, from Tyga's album Careless World: Rise of the Last King. The song debuted at number 89 on the Billboard Hot 100 on the week ending October 29, 2011.

Charts

References

2011 songs
Drake songs
was a  after Tenshō and before Hōen.  This period started in August 1132 and ended in November 1135.  The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Chōshō Era
 1132 (Chōshō 1, 3rd month): Taira-no Tadamori was in charge of building a palace for former-Emperor Toba.

 1132 (Chōshō 1, 3rd month): Emperor Sutoku made a pilgrimage to Mount Koya.

 1 August 1133 (Chōshō 2, 29th day of the 6th month): Fujiwara no Kanezane's daughter became consort of former-Emperor Toba had .

 1134 (Chōshō 3, 3rd month): The Emperor visited the Kasuga Shrine.

 1134 (Chōshō 3, 3rd month): Sutoku visited the Hiyoshi Taisha.

 1134 (Chōshō 3, 5th month): The Emperor visited the Iwashimizu Shrine.

 1134 (Chōshō 3, 5th month): Sutoku visited the Kamo Shrines.

This era was known as a time of famine.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
1132 establishments
1130s establishments in Japan
1135 disestablishments
1130s disestablishments in Japan
In computing, an exception is a special situation where the program cannot do things the way it usually would and is forced to do something else instead. One layer of the system uses an exception to give another layer information about special states the system is currently in. The different layers of software or hardware have contracts, that tell what can be expected; this is generally known as Programming by Contract. In the context of exception handling, a program is said to be exception-safe, if exceptions that occur will not produce side-effects (such as memory leaks), will not change stored data so that it becomes unreadable, or generate output that is invalid. There are different levels of exception safety:
Failure transparency or no throw guarantee: No matter what happens, no exceptions will be thrown. This is the best level of exception safety, but also the most difficult to implement.
Commit or rollback semantics, Strong exception safety, no change guarantee: Operations can fail, and exceptions will be thrown. However, a failed operation is guaranteed to not have side-effects or change the data.
Basic exception safety: A part of the failed operation may have been executed, and can have side-effects. The state of the data may be different before and after the execution, but in both cases, the data will be in a valid state.
Minimal exception safety,No-leak guarantee: As only a part of the operation was executed, the stored data may be invalid, afterwards. The system will keep running, and no resources get leaked, however.
No exception safety: No guarantees can be made. This is the worst level of exception safety.

Usually, a programmer will try to catch the exception early so that problems don't get worse over time.

Example 
Suppose a program tries to add something to an array, or group of objects that doesn't exist. This is called a null reference. Look at the following code from the Java programming language:

class SomeProgram {
  int[] SomeArray = null; // This array of numbers doesn't exist
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("The 1st number in the array is " + SomeArray[0] + "."); // This will throw an exception because it refers to an imaginary array
  }
}

This code throws what programmers call a null-pointer exception. This is fixed by adding "try" in front of the code that might throw the exception, like is done with the code shown below:

class AnotherProgram {
  int[] SomeArray = null; // This array of numbers doesn't exist
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
      System.out.println("The 1st number in the array is " + SomeArray[0] + "."); // This will throw an exception because it 
                                                                                  // refers to an imaginary array
    }
    catch (NullPointerException e) { // This is how you catch a null-pointer exception
      System.err.println("Sorry.  I could not find the first number in the array."); // This creates an error message
      e.printStackTrace(); // This tells you where to look for bugs in your program
    }
  }
}

Related pages 
 Computer programming

References

Programming languages
Giulio Cesare in Egitto () is an opera in three acts with music by George Frideric Handel. The Italian  libretto was written by Nicola Francesco Haym. It was based on an earlier libretto written by Giacomo Francesco Bussani. The opera was written for the Royal Academy of Music. 

The opera was first performed in London on 20 February 1724. It was a success. It was performed again in 1725, 1730, and 1732. It was also performed in France and Germany. 

Giulio Cesare was not performed in the 19th century. Many people had forgotten all about it.  It was not until 1922 that the opera was performed again. Since then, it has been performed around the world. It is Handel's best opera. It is known simply as Giulio Cesare.

Roles 
 Giulio Cesare (Julius Caesar) - alto castrato 
 Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt - soprano 
 Tolomeo, her brother and husband, King of Egypt - alto castrato 
 Cornelia, widow of Pompey - contralto 
 Sesto, her stepson - soprano 
 Achilla, Tolomeo's General - bass
 Curio, a praetor, Caesar's General - bass 
 Nireno, Cleopatra's and Tolomeo's servant - alto castrato

Other websites 
 Aria Database - Giulio Cesare arias and operatic roles database
 Metropolitan Opera Broadcast: Giulio Cesare 
 Opera Today - Giulio Cesare Libretto
 .  Filmed at Glyndebourne Opera House in East Sussex, England.  Opus Arte  DVD, released 01/04/2006, contains behind the scenes extras.

Compositions by George Frideric Handel
18th-century operas
was a  after Kaō and before Angen.  This period started in April 1171 and ended in July 1175. The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Jōan era
 1172 (Jōan 1, 3rd day of the 1st month): Takakura reached the age of 11 years; and this was marked by coming of age ceremonies.

 1171 (Jōan 1, 13th day of the 1st month): Takakura visited the home of former-Emperor Go-Shirakawa.  In this setting, he first met .  She was the adopted daughter of Go-Shirakawa and the actual daughter of Taira no Kiomori.  Takakura accepted the 15-year-old girl as his consort.

 1171 (Jōan 2, 10th day of the 2nd month): Tokuko became Takakura's secondary empress (chūgo).

 1172 (Jōan 2, 10th month): Takakura visited the Fushimi Inari-taisha and the Yasaka Shrine.

 1172 (Jōan 2, 12th month): Matsu Motofusa is given the office of kampaku.

1173 (Jōan 3, 1st day of the 4th month): Shinran, founder of Jodo Shinshu, was born.

 1173 (Jōan 3, 4th month): Takakura visited the Iwashimizu Shrine and the Kamo Shrines.

 1174 (Jōan 4, 1st month): The emperor made visits to his father and to his mother.

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
was a  after Jōan and before Jishō.  This period started in July 1175 and ended in August 1177.  The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Angen era
 1175 (Angen 1, 22nd day of the 2nd month): Minamoto no Masamichi died at age 58.
 1175 (Angen 1, 11th month): Fujiwara no Moronaga was given the office of naidaijin.
 1176 (Angen 2, 3rd month): Takakura visited former-Emperor Go-Shirakawa on his 50th birthday.
 23 August 1176 (Angen 2, 17th day of the 7th month): Former-Emperor Rokujō died at the age of 13; and also in this same month, Takakura's mother died.
 1176 (Angen 2, 7th month): Fujiwara no Morotaka of Kaga had a dispute with the priests of Mount Hiei; and Fujiwara no Morotsune, set fire to some of the temple buildings.  The priests complained to the emperor, but the father of these two brothers  was a friend of Go-Shirakawa.  The actions of the sons of Fujiwara no Teki were officially ignored.
 27 May 1177 (Angen 3, 28th day, 4th month): A fire destroyed the building of the Daigaku-ryō.

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Lana Clarkson (5 April 1963 - 3 February 2003) was an American actress. She starred in many movies dealing with fantasy, drama and adventure.

Early life 
She was born in Long Beach, California and grew up in Napa County, California.

Death
On February 3, 2003, Clarkson was shot dead in the Alhambra, California mansion of music producer Phil Spector. In the early morning, she met Spector while working at the House of Blues. Both left the House of Blues later in Spector's limousine and drove to his mansion. Spector and Clarkson went inside while his driver waited outside in the car. About an hour later, the driver heard a gunshot before Spector exited his house through the back door with a gun. He was quoted as saying, according to affidavits, "I think I just shot her." 

In 2009, Spector was convicted of murdering Clarkson.

References

Other websites 

1962 births
2003 deaths
Actors from Long Beach, California
American movie actors
American murder victims
American television actors
Murdered actors
Murders by firearm in California
People from Long Beach, California
People murdered in California
was the Imperial university of Japan from the 7th century until the end of the 19th century. 

For five centuries, the Daigaku-ryō was near the Suzaku Mon at southern boundary of the Imperial enclosure.

History
In 701, the Daigaku-ryō became part of the .  

Prince Yamabe was head of the Daigaku-ryō in 766 (Tenpyō-jingo 2).

On May 27, 1177 (Angen 3, 28th day, 4th month), a fire destroyed the building of the Daigaku-ryō.

Organization
The  was responsible for the examination of students and for festivals which honor Confucius.

Other members of the staff of ''Daigaku-ryō' included: 
 .  
 .
 .
 .
  -- two positions.
  -- two positions.
  -- two positions.

References

Colleges and universities in Japan
7th-century establishments in Japan
19th-century disestablishments in Japan
Parrotfishes are a group of marine fishes that live in shallow tropical and subtropical oceans around the world.   Previously considered to form a separate family (Scaridae), these fish are now thought to belong to the large family of wrasses (Labridae). Their numbers are largest in the Indo-Pacific region where they are found in and around coral reefs and seagrass beds. They play an important part in bioerosion. There are about 95 species of parrotfish living today.

Parrotfish are very colourful. Their name comes from the parrot-like beak formed by their teeth. The buccal cavity (cheek) of the parrotfish secretes the 'sleeping sack' that the fish sleeps in overnight. It is a semi-translucent sack which completely surrounds the parrot fish. In the morning the sack is discarded. You can see these on the sea bed floor during the following day.

References

Other websites

Parrot Fish Profile from National Geographic 
Parrot Fish Care
Parrotfish info on Fishbase

Teleosts
was a  after Angen and before Yōwa.  This period started in August 1177 and ended in July 1181.  The reigning emperors were  and .

Events of the Jishō era
 1177 (Jishō 1, 28th day of the 4th month): A great fire in the capital was spread by high winds; and the palace was destroyed.

 1178 (Jishō 2, 12th day of the 11th month): Emperor Takakura's consort, Taira no Tokuko, gave birth to a son who will become Emperor Antoku.

 1180 (Jisho 4, 21st day of the 2nd month): Takakura abdicated.

 1180 (Jishō 4, 21st day of the 4th month): In the 12th year of Takakura's reign, the emperor was forced to abdicate; and the succession (senso) was received by his son. 

 1180 (Jisho 4, 22nd day of the 4th month): The infant Emperor Antoku's accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (sokui).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.

 1180 (Jisho 4, 2nd day of the 6th month): The court leaves Heian-kyō for Fukuhara, which is near modern-day Kōbe in Hyōgo.

 1180 (Jisho 4, 26th day of the 11th month): The capital is moved back to Heian-kyō.

 1180 (Jisho 4): A whirlwind causes chaos in the capital.

 30 January 1181 (Jisho 5, 14th day of the 1st month): Takakura died.

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Ariodante is an opera seria in three acts with music by George Frideric Handel. The libretto was based on parts of Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso. Handel put some ballet music in the opera for the famous dancer Marie Sallé. 

The opera was first performed in the Covent Garden Theatre, London, on 8 January 1735. It opened Handel's first season at Covent Garden. It was a great success. It was performed 11 times during its premiere season. 

It eventually was forgotten. The score was published in the early 1960s. In the 1970s, the work was revived. It is thought to be one of Handel's best operas.

Roles 
 Ariodante, a vassal prince - mezzo-soprano castrato
 Ginevra, daughter of the King of Scotland, betrothed to Ariodante - soprano
 Dalinda, attendant on Ginevra, secretly in love with Polinesso  - soprano
 Polinesso, Duke of Albany - alto
 Lurcanio, Ariodante's brother - tenor
 King of Scotland - bass
 Odoardo, favorite of the king - tenor

Story 
Ginevra is engaged to Ariodante. Polinesso is in love with her. He uses Dalinda to trick Ariodante. She tells Ariodante that Ginevra is Polinesso's lover. The King disowns Ginevra. Ariodante is reported to have killed himself. Polinesso then sends his agents to kill Dalinda because she was the only witness to his plot. Ariodante is alive. He drives off the assassins. Polinesso eants to win the King’s favour. He offers to defend Ginevra's honour in a tournament. He is wounded by Lurcanio. Ariodante has learned about Polinesso’s plot from Dalinda. He now appears. He offers himself as Ginevra’s champion. Polinesso confesses his guilt and dies. Ginevra is pardoned by the King.

References 

 The second of the two-volume definitive reference on the operas of Handel.

Other websites 
Score of Ariodante (ed. Friedrich Chrysander, Leipzig 1881)
San Diego OperaTalk! with Nick Reveles: Handel's Ariodante
Italian libretto online

Compositions by George Frideric Handel
1730s operas
1735
The Phantom of the Opera (1925) is a silent horror movie. It is based on a novel of the same name by Gaston Leroux. The movie was directed by Rupert Julian. It stars Lon Chaney as the Phantom and Mary Philbin as his love, Christine. The movie is famous for Chaney's horrific, self-applied make-up.

Plot 
The story is about a disfigured man named Erik who haunts the Paris Opera. He wants the managers to make the woman he loves, named Christine, a star. In order to do this, he terrorizes everyone by doing things such as dropping a chandelier and wearing a scary disguise in the middle of a large party.  When he learns that Christine is in love with a man named Raoul, he kidnaps her. Raoul eventually rescues her, and a group of angry people chase the Phantom until he falls into the Seine river.

Cast 
 Lon Chaney as Erik, The Phantom of the Opera
 Mary Philbin as Christine
 Norman Kerry as Raoul 
 Arthur Edmund Carewe as Ledoux

Critical reception and legacy 
The movie was a great success. The critics liked it. Executives at Universal Pictures were pleased. They put a string of horror movies into production. These movies included Bela Lugosi's Dracula and Boris Karloff's Frankenstein. Phantom was chosen for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

Two major versions of the film survive today. The original film (today) comes from bad quality "show at home" film prints which are entirely black and white. The more common version is a 1929 silent version using different takes and camera angles. The 1929 silent version exists because of a lost 1929 sound version in which new scenes were shot in sound.

American horror movies
American silent movies
English-language movies
1925 movies
1920s horror movies
Universal Pictures movies
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies based on books
Hanwha Eagles () is one of ten Korean professional baseball teams. The Hanwha Eagles use Han bat stadium () and Cheong Ju stadium () as their home stadia. The Hanwha Eagles won the Korean Series Champions title in 1999.

Baseball teams
Sport in South Korea
1980s establishments in South Korea
Gidget is a 1959 American romantic comedy teen movie about living in California. It is about a teenage girl who goes surfing. She has a romance with a young surfer.

The movie stars Sandra Dee, Cliff Robertson, and pop singer James Darren. The movie was based on a novel by Frederick Kohner titled Gidget, the Little Girl with Big Ideas. The movie was directed by Paul Wendkos.

Legacy 
Gidget was the first beach party" movie.  It was followed by two sequel movies, various television series, several made-for-TV movies, and the parody Psycho Beach Party.

Gidget is credited by numerous sources, including a documentary movie by Stacy Peralta,  as being the single main influence to bring surfing and the surfing subculture into the American mainstream.

The movie received a 1960 Golden Laurel Award nomination for Top Female Comedy Performance for actress Sandra Dee.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 
 Gidget at the American Film Institute Catalog

1959 drama movies
1950s romance movies
American romantic drama movies
American teen drama movies
American teen romance movies
Columbia Pictures movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in California
Movies directed by Paul Wendkos
E-Artsup is a French private graduate school. It teaches things to do with digital creativity and multimedia. It was founded in 2001.

The school has four courses, communication, concept, motion design, interaction design and game design, and delivers a degree recognized by French State.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in France
2001 establishments in Europe
2000s establishments in France
(ISEFAC) is a French private business school. It was founded in 2000.

The school has two courses, communication and business/marketing., and delivers a degree recognized by French State.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

Schools in France
Brussels
2000 establishments in Europe
2000s establishments in France

fr:Groupe IONIS#ISEFAC / ISEFAC Bachelor
Sonny Bono (February 16, 1935 - January 5, 1998) was a recording artist, a producer, singer-songwriter, actor and politician. He was married to Cher between 1964 and 1975, during which time they formed the duo Sonny & Cher. Together, they had numerous hit records and singles. They had several children, including Chastity Bono (who would later be renamed Chaz Bono). Sonny was killed in a skiing accident.

Other websites 

Accidental deaths in the United States
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
Singer-songwriters from California
American television actors
Skiing deaths
Politicians from Michigan
Singers from Detroit, Michigan
United States representatives from California
1935 births
1998 deaths
The Prime Minister of the Republic of India, more commonly known as the Prime Minister of India, is the head of the executive branch of the Government of India. The prime minister is the chief executive and presiding member of the Union Council of Ministers and directs the Union Cabinet. The prime minister must be a member of either House of the Parliament of India and must be a member (usually the parliamentary leader) of the party that holds a majority in the Lok Sabha

The Prime Minister appoints the Council of Ministers, distributes portfolios among them, acts as the link between the Council of Ministers and the President and is the chief spokesperson of India's foreign policy.

The current prime minister is Narendra Modi. He was sworn in on 26 May 2014.

Role and power of the Prime Minister

The Prime Minister is responsible in aiding the President in his/her work relating to the government. The Prime Minister, in consultation with the Cabinet, schedules and attends the sessions of the Houses of Parliament and is required to answer the question from the Members of Parliament. 

Some specific ministries/department are not allocated to anyone in the cabinet but the Prime Minister himself. The Prime Minister is usually always in-charge/head of:
 Appointments Committee of the Cabinet;
 Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions;
 Ministry of Planning;
 Department of Atomic Energy; and
 Department of Space.

The Prime Minister also represents the country in various international meetings, conferences and organizations.

Selection process

Eligibility 

A Prime Minister must be:
 a citizen of India.
 should be a member of the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha. If a person elected prime minister is neither a member of the Lok Sabha nor Rajya Sabha, then he must become a member of the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha within six months.
 of above 25  years of age (in the case of a seat in the Lok Sabha) or above 30 years of age (in the case of a seat in the Rajya Sabha).

Oath
Oath of office:

Oath of secrecy:

List of prime ministers

Living former prime ministers 
As of   , there are two living former prime ministers of India:

References

Politics of India
"Over the Rainbow" is a song from the movie The Wizard of Oz. It was composed by Harold Arlen and the lyrics were written by E.Y. Harburg. Judy Garland sang the song in the movie. Over time it would become her signature song. The song won an Academy Award. The song is also known as "Somewhere Over the Rainbow".

About five minutes into the movie, Judy Garland (as Dorothy Gale) sings "Over the Rainbow". She is trying to get her aunt and uncle to listen to her story about an incident involving her dog, Toto. Dorothy's Aunt Em tells her to "find yourself a place where you won't get into any trouble". Dorothy walks off with Toto. She says to the dog, "Someplace where there isn't any trouble. Do you suppose there is such a place, Toto? There must be. It's not a place you can get to by a boat, or a train. It's far, far away. Behind the moon, beyond the rain." She begins to sing the song.

MGM executives thought the song "slowed down the picture". They said it did not sound like a song a little girl would sing in a barnyard. They wanted to cut it from the movie. Other people wanted the song to be kept in the movie. The executives changed their minds and the song was kept.

"Over the Rainbow" was going to be sung again by Garland in the scene where she is locked in the witch's room and watches the hourglass. She weeps through the song, and ends with "I'm frightened, Auntie Em! I'm frightened!". The song was cut from the scene. The "I'm frightened" cry was kept in the movie.

The song is number one on the "Songs of the Century" list compiled by the Recording Industry Association of America and the National Endowment for the Arts. The American Film Institute has ranked "Over the Rainbow" as the greatest movie song of all time on the list of "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs". American troops in Europe in World War II adopted the song as a symbol of the United States. Garland performed the song for American troops as part of a 1943 command performance.

Hawaiian singer Israel Kamakawiwoʻole (1959–1997) recorded a version of "Over the Rainbow" in 1988. It was released in 1993.

References

Pop songs
1930s songs
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songs
1939
Runaway is a science fiction and action movie released near Christmas 1984, starring Kirstie Alley and Tom Selleck. Alley plays former lover for a villain named Luther. Selleck plays a police officer whose son is eventually kidnapped by the villain. The movie tells of complex technology gone awry when permitted to dominate the lives of everybody. Also acting in the movie is Gene Simmons from KISS. The movie was planned as a major science fiction draw, although it was overshadowed by a low budget movie called The Terminator, which was directed by then-not well known James Cameron.

1984 action movies
1984 science fiction movies
American action movies
American science fiction movies
Movies directed by Michael Crichton
English-language movies
Orphans of the Storm  is a 1921 silent movie. It was directed by D. W. Griffith. It stars sisters Dorothy and Lillian Gish. The movie is about two sisters (one blind) who are separated during the turmoil of the French Revolution. They are reunited after much tribulation.

Griffith used historical events to comment on contemporary events. In this case, he used the French Revolution to comment upon the rise of Bolshevism. The movie is about class conflict. It speaks for inter-class understanding and against destructive hatred. This was the last Griffith movie to star the Gish sisters. It is often thought to be Griffith's last big moneymaker.  The movie is a remake of the lost The Two Orphans (1915) starring Theda Bara.

1921 movies
1920s drama movies
American silent movies
American drama movies
1920s historical movies
Women's movies
Movies directed by D. W. Griffith
Little House in the Big Woods is a children's novel. It was written by Laura Ingalls Wilder. It was published in 1932. It is the first book in Wilder's Little House series. The book and the series are based on Wilder's memories of growing up near Pepin, Wisconsin in the 19th century. 

20th-century American novels
English-language novels
1932 books
Children's books
Mortrée is a village in Normandy, in the Orne department. It covers . It is at  above sea level. There are 1042 people living there in 2012.

The famous Normand family named "d'O" lived here. It became famous in the first crusade. The Marquis d'O (died in 1594) was finance minister and he was the favourite of Henry III of France.

On 1 January 2019, the former commune Saint-Hilaire-la-Gérard was merged into Mortrée.

Historic Sites
There is a church "Saints-Pierre-et-Paul" () and another one called "Méhéran". 

The Chateau d'Ô is also there.The chateau d'Ô is made up of two parts joined by a gallery. The entrance building that shows a Gothic flamboyant style, was built at the beginning of the 16th century.It is very unique because of the distinguished mix of stones and bricks on these small towers.There are sculptures on the entrance front. The gallery was built at the same time from Italian inspiration. The west building, was finished in the 17th century.

References
Gérard Bourdin, Jean-Marie Foubert, Jean-Pascal Foucher. (2012) L'Orne, des territoires, une histoire. Alençon : Conseil général de l'Orne.

Communes in Orne
Kavadikaranoor (; also spelt as Kavadikaranur) is a village in Salem district  in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is the largest village in Thangayur panchayat. The village is spread over an area of 12.35 km2. The economy of the village revolves around agriculture, truck and heavy truck transports.

Kavadikaranoor has an average elevation of . It is at the east basin of the hill called Sooriya malai (Mountain of Sun). This mountain doesn't have any plants due to its rocky and unusual properties. The research done geologists shows it consists of rare radioactive minerals. A number of stone quarrying companies have been here for more than 30 years. A lake is located in the north-eastern part of the village and irrigation spreads to nearby areas.

Vishnu is the god worshipped most in the village. The main temple is Sri Paali Perumal. Main festival seasons are October and April. On the 4th Saturday of each month more than 20,000 thousand people worship here from various parts of the district.

The people are mostly Gounders. Other minority peoples are also present in small numbers. All the people are peacefully co-existing and living in harmony. It has a population of 1812 as of the 2001 India census. Males constitute 70% of the population and females 63% and an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%.

References

Villages in Tamil Nadu