cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Rainham railway station is a railway station in Rainham in Kent. The station is in walking distance from the Rainham shopping centre. The station is on the Chatham Main Line.

References

Railway stations in England
Medway
Durchhausen is a municipality of the district Tuttlingen in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

References

Other websites 
 

Tuttlingen
Brusio is a municipality in the district of Bernina in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

Villages
Viano, Cavaione, Campocologno, Campascio, Miralago and Zalende

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Graubünden
Buchs is a small city in Werdenberg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of the city of Buchs 
 

Municipalities of St. Gallen
Cities in Switzerland
B&Q plc is a British DIY and home improvement retailing company in the United Kingdom. Its main offices are in Eastleigh, Hampshire, England. It is owned by Kingfisher plc.

It was founded in 1969 by Richard Block and David Quayle as Block & Quayle.

As of July 2017, B&Q has 300 shops in the United Kingdom.  

Since 2015, B&Q have been closing a number of stores, and converting some to outlets of Screwfix. The company also has some outlets in Ireland. Stores in Taiwan and China were unsuccessful, and closed down in 2007 and 2015.

References

Companies of the United Kingdom
1969 establishments in the United Kingdom
Buseno is a municipality in the district Moesa in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.

References

Municipalities of Graubünden
Pierre Henry (9 December 1927 – 5 July 2017) was a French composer. He was considered a pioneer of the musique concrète genre of electronic music. He was born in Paris. Among Henry's works is the 1967 ballet Messe pour le temps présent. In 1970 Henry collaborated with British rock band Spooky Tooth on the album Ceremony.

Henry died at a hospital in Paris on 5 July 2017 at the age of 89.

References

Other websites

 

Discography of vinyl records.
Pierre Henry at Virtual International Philharmonic 
Vinyl recording of prologuePsyché Rock (1967)

1927 births
2017 deaths
People from Paris
20th-century French composers
21st-century French composers
Oberthal is a municipality in the district of Sankt Wendel in the state of Saarland, Germany. It is about 7 km northwest of Sankt Wendel, and 35 km north of Saarbrücken.

The Oberthal municipality exists of four settlements (people in brackets, as of 2012)
 Gronig (1,442)
 Güdesweiler (1,350)
 Oberthal (2,872)
 Steinberg-Deckenhardt (787)

References

Other websites
Thomas Berry Brazelton (May 10, 1918 – March 13, 2018) was an American pediatrician, television host and author. He was the developer of the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). Brazelton hosts the cable television program What Every Baby Knows, and writes a syndicated newspaper column. Brazelton has written more than two hundred scholarly papers and twenty four books.

In 1994, Brazelton won the first Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lifestyle/Culinary Show Host.

Brazelton was born in Waco, Texas. He graduated in 1940 from Princeton and in 1943 from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City. He died in Barnstable, Massachusetts on March 13, 2018, at the age of 99.

References

Other websites
 The Brazelton Institute
 The T. Berry Brazelton papers can be found at The Center for the History of Medicine at the Countway Library, Harvard Medical School.

Emmy Award winners
1918 births
2018 deaths
American physicians
American television presenters
Writers from Texas
People from Waco, Texas
There are 2 arrondissements in the Haute-Saône department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Haute-Saône are:

History
Since its creation, the Haute-Saône department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with six districts: Jussey, Luxeuil, Lure, Vesoul, Gray and Champlitte with the capital in Gray alternating with Vesoul.
 1794 : only Gray remained as the capital of the department.
 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Vesoul, Gray and Lure; the capital was moved from Gray to Vesoul.
 1926 : the arrondissement of Gray was eliminated.

Related pages
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Haute-Saone
Adam Bennett Schiff (born June 22, 1960) is an American politician. He is the U.S. Representative for . He has served in Congress since 2001. He is a member of the Democratic Party. 

Schiff represented the 27th and 29th Districts between 2001 and 2013, which included the areas of Alhambra, Altadena, San Gabriel, Burbank, Glendale, South Pasadena, Temple City, Monterey Park, and Pasadena. 

Schiff has become an influential voice for his party in the House of Representatives on foreign policy and national security issues.

References

Other websites
Congressman Adam Schiff  official U.S. House site
Adam Schiff for Congress 

 
 Biography at Ballotpedia
 Biography at NNDB
 Congressional profile at GovTrack
 Congressional profile at OpenCongress
 Congressional profile  at Roll Call
 Financial information (federal office) at OpenSecrets.org
 Financial investments (personal)  at The Washington Post
 Staff salaries, trips and personal finance at LegiStorm.com
 Financial information (state office)  at the National Institute for Money in State Politics

1960 births
Living people
United States representatives from California
Politicians from Massachusetts
US Democratic Party politicians
State legislators of the United States
Johnny Gosch (born November 12, 1969) was a paperboy in West Des Moines, Iowa. He disappeared at age 12, while delivering newspapers. In the early hours of September 5, 1982, he disappeared on his route and was never seen since. Gosch is believed to be kidnapped. His mother got mail one morning in 1997 showing the photos of her kidnapped son and three other boys. Another paperboy disappeared where Johnny was kidnapped, named Eugene Martin, 13 years old.

His mother, Noreen Gosch, maintains that Johnny Gosch escaped from his captors and visited her in 1997, but now fears for his life and lives under an assumed identity. Gosch's father, John, divorced from Noreen since 1993, has publicly stated that he was not sure whether or not such a visit actually occurred. Authorities have not located Gosch or confirmed Noreen Gosch's account, and his fate continues to be the subject of speculation, conspiracy theories, and dispute.The case received publicity in 2006 when his mother claimed to have found photographs on her doorstep depicting Gosch in captivity. Some of the photos received were proven to be children from a case in Florida, but one boy in the photos was never identified. Noreen Gosch insists that boy is her son Johnny.

References

1969 births
Kidnapped American people
Des Moines, Iowa
Joaquín Navarro-Valls, M.D. (16 November 1936 – 5 July 2017) was a Spanish journalist, physician and academic. He served as the Director of the Holy See Press Office from 1984 to 2006. He was born in Cartagena, Spain.

His role as the press liaison between the Vatican and the world press corps gave him perhaps the highest visibility of any one person in the Vatican during the long reign of Pope John Paul II, with the exception of the Pope himself. He resigned his post July 11, 2006 and was replaced by Father Federico Lombardi. 

On January 20, 2007, he was named president of the board of advisers of the Biomedical University of Rome, an office he occupied until his death.

Navarro-Valls died in Rome, Italy on 5 July 2017 of pancreatic cancer, aged 80.

References

Other websites

Dr. Joaquín Navarro-Valls  — official web site
Laudatio by Prof. María José Pou-Amérigo at the conferring of an honorary doctorate by the Cardinal Herrera-Ceu University of Valencia, Spain to Navarro-Valls
Interview on journalism and ethics 

1936 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in Italy
Spanish educators
Spanish journalists
Spanish physicians
Spanish Roman Catholics
Joan Boocock Lee (Joan Clayton Boocock; February 5, 1922 - July 6, 2017) was a English-born American hat model and actress. She was known for her 69-year marriage to comic book writer Stan Lee. 

In the 1940s, Lee was a hat model in New York City when she met Stan Lee. In her later years, she became a voice actress and provided her voice in Spider-Man and Fantastic Four both in the 1990s. 

Lee died on July 6, 2017 in Los Angeles from stroke-related complications after being hospitalized for a week. She was 95 years old.

References

Other websites
 

1922 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Stan Lee
English voice actors
English models
American voice actors
American models
Actors from New York City
Robert Glenn Johnson, Jr.  (June 28, 1931 – December 20, 2019), better known as Junior Johnson, was a NASCAR driver of the 1950s and 1960s. He won 50 NASCAR races in his career before retiring in 1966.

In the 1970s and 1980s, he became a NASCAR racing team owner; he sponsored such NASCAR champions as Cale Yarborough and Darrell Waltrip. He now produces a line of fried pork skins and country ham. He was credited as the first to use the drafting technique in stock car racing.

He was nicknamed "The Last American Hero" and his autobiography is of the same name. In May 2007, Johnson teamed with Piedmont Distillers of Madison, North Carolina, to introduce the company's second moonshine product, called "Midnight Moon Moonshine".

Johnson died at a hospice care facility in Charlotte, North Carolina on December 20, 2019, at age 88. He had Alzheimer's disease at the time of his death.

References

Other websites
Official website for Junior Johnson
Oral History Interview with Junior Johnson at Oral Histories of the American South
CanadianDriver.com Article on Junior Johnson
Junior Johnson Biography

1931 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
NASCAR drivers
Sportspeople from North Carolina
"You Keep Me Hangin' On" is a soul-pop ballad from American Motown music group The Supremes. It was released in late 1966. The lyrics speak of a bad relationship the singer is trying to get out of. The song's signature guitar part comes from a Morse code-like radio sound effect.

The song reached #1 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 in 1966.

American music group Vanilla Fudge recorded a rock version of the song in 1967. It peaked at #6 on Billboard Hot 100. Their single version is almost three minutes long. The album version is seven minutes and twenty seconds long.

In 1986, British singer Kim Wilde had a version of the song. In June 1987, it hit #1 on Billboard Hot 100. The song also hit #1 in Australia and #2 in the United Kingdom.

References

pop songs
1966 songs
Nochebuena (literally "good night") is the Spanish word for Christmas Eve. In Spain, Latin America, and the Philippines, the evening consists of a traditional family dinner. Roasted pig is often the center of Nochebuena for feasts around the world.

Holidays
Buttelstedt is a town in the Weimarer Land district, in Thuringia, Germany. It is 11 km north of Weimar.

References

Other websites
"White Christmas" is a popular song about an old-fashioned Christmas setting. It mixes sadness and comforts of home. The version sung by Bing Crosby is said to be the world's best-selling single.

The song has been covered and performed by artists including Jo Stafford, Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald and Bette Midler. It has sold over 150 million copies.

The original version was released in 1942.

Irving Berlin's opening verse is often dropped in many recordings. However, the opening verse is included on Barbra Streisand, Darlene Love and The Carpenters' Christmas studio albums.

The opening verse has the lyrics:
          
 The sun is shining, the grass is green,
 The orange and palm trees sway.
 There's never been such a day
 in Beverly Hills, L.A.
 But it's December the twenty-fourth,—
 And I am longing to be up North

References

Christmas music
1940s songs
Pop songs
Frank Sinatra songs
The Ouest lausannois District is a district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The capital of the district is Renens.

2008 establishments in Switzerland
Districts of Vaud
Homebase is a British home improvement retailer and garden centre in the United Kingdom. Its main offices are in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England.

As of December 2016, Homebase has 255 shops in the United Kingdom.

History
It was founded by the supermarket chain Sainsbury's and Belgian retailer GB-Inno-BM in 1979, as Sainsbury's Homebase.

In December 2000, Sainsbury's sold the Homebase chain. 

In November 2002, Homebase was sold again, to GUS plc, where it became part of Argos Retail Group (later renamed as Home Retail Group).

In January 2016 it was announced that Australian retailer Wesfarmers would acquire Homebase. The transfer of ownership to Wesfarmers took place on 27 February 2016.

References

Companies of the United Kingdom
1979 establishments in the United Kingdom
The Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut District is a district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The seat of the district is the town of Vevey.

2008 establishments in Switzerland
Districts of Vaud
Hausen ob Verena is a municipality in Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

References

Other websites 
 
 Official website 

Tuttlingen
Faoug is a municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Calfreisen is a former municipality of the district Plessur in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.

On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Calfreisen, Castiel, Langwies, Lüen, Molinis, Peist and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.

Other websites

 Official Website  

Former municipalities of Graubünden
Tirano is a city in northern Italy. It is in the province of Sondrio. It has 9,130 people.

Cities in Lombardy
Heinz Schneiter (12 April 1935 – 6 July 2017) was a Swiss football player and manager. He was born in Thun.

Schneiter got 44 caps and 3 goals for Switzerland, playing all three games at the 1962 World Cup. He also played in Switzerland's 0–5 loss to West Germany at the 1966 World Cup. He scored against West Germany in the 1962 World Cup.

Schneiter coached FC Thun and BSC Young Boys.

Schneiter died on 6 July 2017 of coronary artery disease, at the age of 82.

References

Other websites

1935 births
2017 deaths
1962 FIFA World Cup players
1966 FIFA World Cup players
Deaths from coronary artery disease
Swiss football managers
Swiss footballers
Thun
Egil Monn-Iversen (14 April 1928 – 7 July 2017) was a Norwegian composer, pianist and businessman. He was born in Oslo. He was one of the most influential modern composers in Norway. He has had many important roles in Norwegian music, movie, opera, television, comedy and theater.

For some time he had so much influence in Norwegian culture that he got the nickname The Godfather, even though he has always considered himself a down-to-earth musician.

Career
Monn-Iversen owned a movie production company, a record label, and an agency for musical artists. He was the founder of the vocal group The Monn Keys. He was the CEO at the Chat Noir theatre and chairman at The Norwegian Opera and has since the 1960s worked in NRK (Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation) and Det norske teatret (The Norwegian Theatre). He has written scores to over 100 Norwegian movies and TV series.

Personal life and death
Monn-Iversen was married to the Norwegian actor and singer Sølvi Wang until her death in 2011.

Monn-Iversen died on 7 July 2017 at the age of 89.

References

Other websites

1928 births
2017 deaths
Norwegian composers
Pianists
Norwegian businesspeople
People from Oslo
Crockett County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 3,719 people lived there. The county seat is Ozona.

Texas counties
Crosby County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 6,059 people lived there. The county seat is Crosbyton.

Texas counties
David Lewis Yewdall (October 30, 1950 – July 4, 2017) was an American production sound mixer. He was born in Springfield, Missouri. He worked with Roger Corman on Battle Beyond the Stars and as the co-supervising sound editor on Talvisota. He published a book about the profession in 2007, Practical art of motion picture sound, which was called a "must-read for all students of film."

In 1996, he became a member of the board of NightPro Technologies Inc (NTI), a sound production company from Provo, Utah. He taught editing and sound at the University of North Carolina School of the Arts until June 2016.

His best known works are The Thing, The Fifth Element and Escape From New York.

Yewdall died on July 4, 2017 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina from pancreatic cancer, aged 66.

References

Other websites

1950 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in North Carolina
Educators from Missouri
Writers from Missouri
People from Springfield, Missouri
Dawson County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 13,833 people lived there. The county seat is Lamesa.

Texas counties
Culberson County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 2,398 people lived there. The county seat is Van Horn.

Economy

Blue Origin has a suborbital launch site (see Space exploration) about 25 miles north of Van Horn, Texas.

Texas counties
Delta County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 5,231 people lived there. The county seat is Cooper.

Texas counties
Dickens County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 2,444 people lived there. The county seat is Dickens.

Texas counties
Duval County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 13,120 people lived there. The county seat is San Diego.

Texas counties
Ector County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 121,123 people lived there. The county seat is Odessa.

Texas counties
Bikini Bottom is a town from SpongeBob SquarePants.

Locations

Homes 
 SpongeBob's Home - A pineapple house. In "Truth or Square", it is revealed that his home appeared on Squidward's garden. 
 Patrick's Home - A rock house.
 Squidward's Home - A tiki house.
 Mr. Krabs' and Pearls' Home - An anchor house.
 Sandy's Home - A treedome with air house.
 Plankton's Home/Chum Bucket - The Chum Bucket

Restaurants 
 Krusty Krab - A restaurant with Krabby Pattys.
The Chum Bucket - A restaurant that sells Chum, is run by Plankton and his robotic wife Karen.

Other 
 Goo Lagoon

Characters 
 SpongeBob
 Patrick
 Squidward
 Mr. Krabs
 Plankton
 Pearl

Fictional locations
SpongeBob SquarePants
McDonnell Douglas was a major American aircraft manufacturing company. It was formed by the merger of McDonnell Aircraft and the Douglas Aircraft Company in 1967. In 1997 it merged with Boeing. The company designed and built a number of well-known commercial and military aircraft such as the DC-10 airliner and F-15 Eagle air-superiority fighter.

McDonnell Douglas was based at Lambert–St. Louis International Airport near St. Louis, Missouri. The McDonnell Douglas Technical Services Company (MDTSC), headquarters were in unincorporated St. Louis County, Missouri.

List of civil planes and propeller airliners by McDonnell Douglas 

 Douglas DC-1 
 Douglas DC-2 
 Douglas DC-3 
 Douglas DC-4 
 Douglas DC-5 
 Douglas DC-6 
 Douglas DC-7 
 McDonnell Douglas DC-8 
 McDonnell Douglas DC-9 
 McDonnell Douglas DC-10
 McDonnell Douglas MD-11
 McDonnell Douglas MD-80 
 McDonnell Douglas MD-81 
 McDonnell Douglas MD-82 
 McDonnell Douglas MD-83 
 McDonnell Douglas MD-87
 McDonnell Douglas MD-88 
 McDonnell Douglas MD-90

List of variations of civil aircraft 
 Douglas DC-2 was the basis for the B-18 Bolo
 Douglas DC-3 was the basis for the Douglas C-47 Skytrain, Lisunov Li-2, Nakajima L2D, Basler BT-67, Conroy Turbo Three and Conroy Tri-Turbo-Three
 Douglas DC-4 was the basis for the C-54 Skymaster, Canadair North Star, Aviation Traders ATL-98 Carvair
 Douglas DC-9 was the basis for the McDonnell Douglas C-9
 McDonnell Douglas DC-10 was the basis for the McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender and DC-10 Air Tanker

References

Aircraft companies
1967 establishments in the United States
1997 disestablishments in the United States
Finland has had a number of airlines over the years

Airlines 

 Air Åland, 
 Air100,
 Airlink,
 Finnair,
 Finnair Cargo,
 Jetflite,
 Nordic Regional Airlines Norra,
 Oulun Tilauslento,
 Snowbird Airlines

Former airlines 

 Air Finland
 Blue1
 Copterline
 Finlantic
 Finnaviation
 Finncomm Airlines
 Fly Lappeenranta
 Flying Finn
 Nordic Global Airlines
 Spear Air
 Söder Airlines
 Turku Air
 Karair
 Wasawings
 Wingo xprs

Finland
Finland
Finland
Air Åland Ab is an airline from Åland. Air Åland doesn't fly the routes by itself, it uses other airlines. Swedish airline NextJet has been operating the flights 

The company was based as an airlines in 14th of January 2005 and started flying 29th of October 2005 with Mariehamn-Helsinki-route. The company opened its 2nd route in 13th of March 2006. between Mariehamn and Stockholm (Arlanda). Air Åland ceased flying in 2012 because FlyBe started flying the Helsinki-Mariehamn-route.  

Also the company operates charter flights. Air Åland's flights' host used to be UAB Nordic Solutions Air Services with four Saab 340-prop airliners (Registration: LY-DIG, LY-ISR, LY-KXE and LY-RIK). The operator changed its name to Avion Express because the owner changed. After that the flights were handled by a Swedish Avitrans Nordic. During the winter 2008 Air Åland expanded its career with the Wingo xprs company. Wingo xprs started a route Turku-Tampere-Oulu, which was operated by Air Åland until 19th of June 2008. 

Nextjet starts flights from Mariehamn to Turku on the 2nd of April 2012, and it will be flown once everyday, except Sundays.

References

Åland Islands
Airlines of Europe
2005 establishments in Europe
Cuxton railway station is a railway station in Cuxton in Kent. The station is on the Medway Valley Line.

Railway stations in England
Medway
1856 establishments in Europe
1850s establishments in England
Lure may refer to:

Objects
 Lure (falconry), a chase object used in falconry
 Fishing lure, an object to attract fish
 Lur or Lure, a musical instrument

Geography

Albania
 Lurë, a municipality in the Dibër district, in Albania
 Lurë National Park

France
 Lure, Haute-Saône, a commune in the department of Haute-Saône
 Arrondissement of Lure, an arrondissement in the department of Haute-Saône
 Luré, a commune in the Loire department

United States
 Lake Lure, North Carolina

Film and television
The Lure (1914 film), an American melodrama on prostitution
The Lure (1933 film), a 1933 British film
The Lure (2015 film), a 2015 Polish film
"The Lure", a 1967 episode of Gunsmoke

Books
The Lure, a 1912 book by Lady E. S. Drower
The Lure, a 1979 book by Felice Picano
The Lure, a 2002 book by  Bill Napier
Lure, a 2003 book by Dilys Rose
The Lure, a 2014 book by  Lynne Ewing

Other uses
 Lure (horse), a racehorse
 Laboratoire pour l'utilisation du rayonnement électromagnétique, the operator of the SOLEIL synchrotron in Orsay, France

Related pages
 Bouhans-lès-Lure, a commune in the department of Haute-Saône
 Caudal luring, a form of aggressive mimicry in snakes
 Frotey-lès-Lure, a commune in the department of Haute-Saône
 La Neuvelle-lès-Lure, a commune in the department of Haute-Saône
 Lur, Iran (disambiguation)
 Lure coursing, a sport for dogs that involves chasing a mechanically operated lure
 Lurs, people of Iran who speak the Luri language
 Lurs (disambiguation)
 Lurs, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, a commune in France
 Montagne de Lure, a mountain range in France
 Vy-lès-Lure, a commune in the department of Haute-Saône
Josephine Webb (born June 21, 1918) is an American electrical engineer. She was known as "switchgear". She designed an eighteen-inch, full newspaper size fax machine with superior resolution. 

Webb co-founded Webb Consulting Company with her husband, also an electrical engineer. She is one of the first female electrical engineers, and considered a pioneer by the Society of Women Engineers. At Purdue University, she was one out of a total of five women engineers.

References

1918 births
Living people
Engineers from New York
American inventors
Scientists from New York
Niagara Falls ( ) is a city in Niagara County, New York, United States.

As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 50,193, down from the 55,593 recorded in the 2000 census.

It is across the Niagara River, across from the city of Niagara Falls, Ontario, and named after the famed Niagara Falls which they share. The city is within the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Western New York region.

References

Other websites

Niagara Falls Handbill Collection, 1838-1886 RG 551 Brock University Library Digital Repository
Niagara Falls Photo Album, 1906 RG 556 Brock University Library Digital Repository

Cities in New York
Halling railway station is a railway station in Halling in Kent. The station is on the Medway Valley Line.

Railway stations in England
Medway
Thailand TESOL is an academic and professional association that helps teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). It is often called ThaiTESOL for short.

Annual conference 
ThaiTESOL has a conference every year with papers, keynote speakers, workshops, and social events.

Partners 
Thai TESOL has relationships with several other language teaching associations including KOTESOL and the Japan Association for Language Teaching.

References

Other websites
ThaiTESOL Home Page

Language education
Educational organizations
Korea Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages is an academic and professional association that helps teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). It is often called KOTESOL for short.

History 
KOTESOL started in 1992 when the Association of English Teachers in Korea (AETK) and the Korea Association of Teachers of English (KATE) joined.

Organization
KOTESOL members may join a smaller group called a Chapter. These are the Chapters of KOTESOL:
 Busan-Gyeongnam
 Daegu-Gyeongbuk
 Daejeon-Chungcheong
 Gangwon
 Gwangju-Jeonnam
 International Community
 Jeju
 Jeonju-North Jeolla
 Seoul
 Suwon-Gyeonggi
 Yongin-Gyeonggi

Annual conference 
KOTESOL has a conference every year with papers, keynote speakers, workshops, and social events.

Partners 
KOTESOL has relationships with several other language teaching associations:
 Australian Council of TESOL Associations (ACTA)
 English Teachers' Association of the Republic of China (ETA-ROC)
 Far Eastern English Language Teachers Association (FEELTA) of Russia
 Philippine Association for Language Teaching, Inc (PALT)
 Japan Association for Language Teaching 
 TESOL International Association
 Thailand TESOL (ThaiTESOL)

References

Other websites
KOTESOL Home Page

Language education
Educational organizations
The Philippine Association for Language Teaching is an academic and professional association that helps teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). It is often called PALT for short. Its offices are at the College of Education of the University of the Philippines in Quezon City.

History 
PALT started in 1960.

Annual convention 
PALT has a convention every year with papers, keynote speakers, workshops, and social events. Its first international convention was in 2001.

Partners 
PALT has relationships with several other language teaching associations including:
 English Teachers' Association of the Republic of China (ETA-ROC)
 Far Eastern English Language Teachers Association (FEELTA) of Russia
 Japan Association for Language Teaching 
 Korea Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages
 TESOL International Association
 Thailand TESOL (ThaiTESOL)

References

Other websites
PALT Home Page
PALT on Facebook

Language education
Educational organizations
1960 establishments in Asia
1960s establishments in the Philippines
"Best of My Love" is a soft rock song from the Eagles. The song was part of the studio album On the Border. It was released in November 1974. It was the third single from the album. It was the Eagles' first #1 song on the United States Billboard Hot 100. It became so in March 1975.

The song also topped the easy listening chart for one week in February 1975. The Billboard Year End Charts ranked "Best of My Love" at #12 for 1975. It sold over a million copies.

The single edit was shortened by Asylum Records. The record company shortened the single, so that it would be more radio-friendly, without the Eagles' knowledge. This made them angry. Don Henley wanted the single pulled from stores. The full song is four minutes and thirty four seconds.

When the song was judged to have sold over a million copies, Eagles' manager, Irving Azoff, sent a gold record with a piece cut-out to Asylum Records.

The song was later remade by the country music group Brooks & Dunn in 1993.

References

Rock songs
1974 songs
The Association for the Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia is an academic and professional association that helps teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). It is often called TEFLIN for short.

History 
TEFLIN started in 1972 as a meeting of a small group of teachers. In 1982, it became organized as a group of these nine universities:
 IKIP Yogyakarta
 IKIP Sanata Dharma
 Universitas Gajah Mada
 Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa
 Universitas Sebelas Maret
 Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
 IKIP Semarang
 Universitas Diponegoro
 Universitas Tujuh Belas Agustus (UNTAG) Semarang

Annual conference 
TEFLIN has a conference every year with papers, keynote speakers, workshops, and social events. It held its first international conference in 2003.

Partners 
TEFLIN has relationships with several other language teaching associations including:
 Applied Linguistics Association of Korea
 Cambodia TESOL
 International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language
 Japan Association for Language Teaching 
 Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Language Centre Singapore
 TESOL International Association
 Thailand TESOL (ThaiTESOL)

References

Other websites
TEFLIN Home Page

Language education
The Cambodian Civil War was a five-year-old war that lasted from 1970 to 1975 and took place in Cambodia. The Khmer Republic was friendly with South Vietnam and the United States and they were fighting against the Khmer Rouge who were friendly with North Vietnam and the Vietcong. After the war ended in 1975 the Khmer Rouge won the war.

1970s in Cambodia
Civil wars involving Asia
1970s conflicts
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana is a university in Salatiga, Java, Indonesia. It is a private, Christian university.

20th-century establishments in Indonesia
1956 establishments in Asia
Colleges and universities in Asia
Java
Universitas Diponegoro is a public university in Semarang, Java, Indonesia.

Colleges and universities in Asia
Java
Eduardo Luiz Saverin (; ; born March 19, 1982) is a Brazilian Internet entrepreneur and "angel" investor. Saverin is one of the co-founders of Facebook. , he owns 53 million Facebook shares (approximately 0.4% of all outstanding shares) and has a net worth of $10.3 billion, according to Forbes. He has also invested in early-stage startups such as Qwiki and Jumio.

In what was seen by some as a move to avoid U.S. taxes, Saverin renounced (gave up) his U.S. citizenship in September 2011. According to Saverin, he renounced his citizenship because of his "interest in working and living in Singapore" where he has been since 2009. He avoided an estimated $700 million in capital gains taxes; this generated some media attention and controversy. Saverin denies that he left the U.S. to avoid paying taxes.

References

1982 births
Living people
American businesspeople
Brazilian businesspeople
People from São Paulo
People who lost citizenship
Caselle Landi is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy. It is about  southeast of Lodi. As of 2004 about 1,751 people lived there. It has an area of .

Caselle Landi borders the following municipalities: Cornovecchio, Meleti, Corno Giovine, Santo Stefano Lodigiano, Castelnuovo Bocca d'Adda, Piacenza and Caorso.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Lombardy
Jalandhar is a city in the state of Punjab in India.

references 

Settlements in Punjab, India
Cities in India
Cama is a municipality in the district of Moesa in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Graubünden
Castaneda is a municipality of the district of Moesa in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Graubünden
The Mandate of Heaven (天命) was a Chinese political and religious doctrine used to justify the rule of the emperor of China. According to this belief, heaven  (天, Tian) stands  for the natural order and will of the universe. Heaven will give a mandate to a just ruler, the Son of Heaven. If a ruler was overthrown, this was interpreted as an indication that the ruler was unworthy, and had lost the mandate. It was also a common belief that natural disasters such as famine and flood were signs of heaven's displeasure with the ruler, so there would often be revolts after major disasters as citizens saw these as signs that the Mandate of Heaven had been withdrawn.

The Mandate of Heaven does not require a legitimate ruler to be of noble birth, and dynasties such as the Han and Ming dynasties were founded by men of common origins. The Mandate of Heaven had no time limitations, depending instead on the just and able performance of the rulers and their heirs. The concept is in some ways similar to the European concept of the divine right of kings; however, unlike the European concept, it does not confer an unconditional right to rule. The concept of Mandate of Heaven also included the right of rebellion against an unjust ruler. Chinese historians interpreted a successful revolt as evidence that Heaven had withdrawn its mandate from the ruler. Throughout Chinese history, times of poverty and natural disasters were often taken as signs that heaven considered the current ruler unjust and in need of replacement. The Mandate of Heaven was often invoked by philosophers and scholars in China as a way to curtail the abuse of power by the ruler. 

The concept of the Mandate of Heaven was first used to support the rule of the kings of the Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BCE), and legitimize their overthrow of the earlier Shang dynasty (1600–1046 BCE). It was used throughout the history of China to support the rule of emperors, including non-Han ethnic monarchs such as the Qing dynasty. This concept was also used by monarchs in neighboring countries like Korea and Vietnam. A similar situation prevailed since the establishment of Ahom rule in the Kingdom of Assam of Southeast Asia.

References

Related pages
Mencius

History of China
Nelsan Ellis (November 30, 1977 – July 8, 2017) was an American actor and playwright. He was best known for his role as Lafayette Reynolds in the HBO series True Blood from 2008 to 2014. He also appeared in the movies The Butler (2013) and Get on Up (2014).

Ellis was born in Harvey, Illinois. He joined the United States Marines at the age of 17.

Ellis died of heart failure caused by alcohol withdrawal on July 8, 2017 in Brooklyn, New York. He was 39.

References

Other websites
 

1977 births
2017 deaths
Actors from Illinois
African-American movie actors‎
African-American television actors‎
American playwrights
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York City
Deaths from heart failure
Writers from Illinois
The Quit India Movement was a movement started by Mahatma Gandhi on 9 August 1942. The movement wanted to end British rule in India. The movement was started in a speech in Bombay, where Mahatma Gandhi asked Indians to Do or Die. The Congress launched a protest asking the British to withdraw from India. However, the British imprisoned most of the Congress leadership within a day of the speech to suppress the movement. All of the British refused to grant independence until the war ended. We have relived to be confident and versions for the quit Indian movement. People destroyed symbols of British authority such as rail tracks, post office, and police station. Leaders of the Quit India movement are Sucheta Kriplani, Ram Manohar Lohia, Aruna Asaf Ali, and Jaiprakash Narayan.

Quit India Movement
The failure of the crips mission & effects of World War II created widespread discontentment in India. This led Gandhi to launch a movement calling for complete withdrawal of the British from India.

Resolution
The Congress Working Committee, in its meeting in Wardha on 14 July 1942, passed the historic Quit India resolution demanding the immediate transfer of power to indians & quit India. On 8 August 1942 in Bombay, the All India Congress Committee called for a non-violent mass struggle  on the widest possible scale throughout the mat Gandh delivered the famous Do or Die' speech: The call for Quit India a most to a standstill in large parts of the country as people voluntarily threw themselves into People observed hearts and demonstrations and processions were accompanied by The movement was truly a mass movement which brought into its ambit thousands of idents, workers and peasants. It also saw the active  participation of leaders, namely onps Aruna Asal Al and Ram Manohar Lohia and many women such as Matangini Hazera in Bengal Kanta Berry in Assam and Rama Devi in Odisha. The British responded with much force, yet it took more than a ps the movement. In quit india movement sucheta kriplani also played main role.

References

20th century in India
Mistinguett (3 April 1875 – 5 January 1956) was a French actress and singer. Her real name was Jeanne Florentine Bourgeois. For many years she was the star of the Folies Bergère and other nightclubs in Paris. She was also in many silent movies.

Life
Mistinguett was born in Enghien-les-Bains, a small town near Paris, Her parents, Antoine and Jeannette Bourgeois, made mattresses. When she was 12 years old she began to take violin lessons in Paris. One day on the train to Paris, she met a man who wrote songs for nightclubs and theatres in Paris. In 1893 he helped her to get a job at the Casino de Paris, a music hall and cabaret theatre. First she worked backstage. Then in 1895, she became a singer there. She chose the stage name "Mistinguett". 

In 1897, she performed at the El Dorado and then at the Folies Bergère and the Moulin Rouge. She had a big success at the Folies Bergère in 1911 when she danced with Maurice Chevalier. She and Chevalier were lovers for several years. Mistinguett became the most famous singer and actress in Paris and made a lot of money. She also appeared in many silent movies between 1908 and 1917.

She still performed in nightclubs when she was 72 years old. In 1954 she wrote her autobiography. Its title in English was Mistinguette, Queen of the Paris Night. Mistinguett suffered a stroke on Christmas Eve 1955. She was staying at her brother's house in Bougival, a suburb of Paris. She died two weeks later. She never married, but she had one son, Léopoldo João de Lima e Silva. His father was a diplomat from Brazil. Her son was with her when she died.

References

Other websites
Mistinguett on the Internet Movie Database

1875 births
1956 deaths
French stage actors
French movie actors
French singers
The SIR model is a simple mathematical model of epidemics. An epidemic is when the number of people infected with a disease is increasing in a population. 

S, I, and R stand for:

Below is a graph of a solved SIR model. The bottom (x) axis is time, and the left (y) axis is the population or the number of people. 

Blue represents the number of susceptible people. At the beginning of the epidemic, the number of susceptible (blue) people decreases as the number of infected (green) people increases. Gradually the number of recovered (red) people increases. In this particular model, after the epidemic is over, all people have been infected and recovered. This is not always the case; sometimes, some susceptible people remain uninfected.

This model is also missing some parts, such as creating new susceptible people by being born and the removal of susceptible, infected, and recovered people who die. More complicated models can include these parts. 

Also, this model does not work well for every disease. It works well where people recover from a disease and become immune, such as measles. Not all infectious diseases follow this pattern. For instance, people infected with HIV never recover, and there is no vaccine, so there is no group of recovered people, only susceptible and infected people. There is also the case where people recover from a disease but do not become immune or lose their immunity over time. For instance, when people get the flu, they are generally only immune for a short time before they become susceptible again.

There are also different kinds of models when as the disease is spread through the water, such as in the case of cholera, or by a vector like a mosquito, such as malaria.

Mathematics
Fridingen is a town of the district Tuttlingen in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The town is about 10 km east of Tuttlingen, and 23 km west of Sigmaringen. It is on the Danube river.

References

Other websites 
 
 Official website 

Tuttlingen
Castasegna was a municipality of the district Maloja in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It is part of the municipality of Bregaglia.

Former municipalities of Graubünden
Coppet is a municipality of the district of Nyon in the Swiss canton of Vaud.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Cities in Switzerland
Disruptive innovation, sometimes called disruptive technology is the name for a technology or innovation that changes the market: It creates a new market. These new markets are small at first, which makes them uninteresting for established market players. If disruptive innovation is used, the market will grow at a high speed. Eventually, they will replace existing technology, though. An example of this is Flash memory.  When it was introduced it was expensive, and capacities were small, compared to hard disks. On the other hand, flash memory is small, and uses little energy. It began to be used in mp3 players and usb flash drives. Eventually, it was used for Solid state disks, which started to replace hard drives.

Clayton M. Christensen first used the term in 1995: Christensen defines a disruptive innovation as a product or service designed for a new set of customers.
"Generally, disruptive innovations were technologically straightforward, consisting of off-the-shelf components put together in a product architecture that was often simpler than [previous] approaches. They offered less of what customers in established markets wanted and so could rarely be initially employed there. They offered a different package of attributes valued only in emerging markets remote from, and unimportant to, the mainstream."

References
 (edit)

Economics
Ataullah Behmanesh (Persian: ) (April 13, 1923 – July 2, 2017) was an Iranian wrestler and sports journalist. Behmanesh was one of the oldest and most prominent Iranian sports reporters, He conducted the first live sports report in Iran from Radio in 1958 to compete in Iranian and Iraqi national Sport of athletics competitions. 

Behmanesh died of a stroke in Tehran on July 2, 2017 at the age of 94.

References

1923 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Iranian writers
Wrestlers
Iranian journalists
Joseph Robinson (31 May 1927 – 3 July 2017) was an English actor and stuntman. He was known for his roles in A Kid for Two Farthings, The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner, and in Thor and the Amazon Women.

Robinson died at the age of 90 on July 3, 2017, in Brighton, East Sussex of dementia-related complications.

References

Other websites
 
 Joe Robinson Official Website

1927 births
2017 deaths
Actors who played in James Bond movies
Deaths from dementia
English movie actors
English television actors
People from Newcastle upon Tyne
Irina Borisovna Ratushinskaya (, 4 March 1954, Odessa – 5 July 2017, Moscow) was a Russian dissident, poet and writer.

On September 17, 1982, Ratushinskaya was arrested for anti-Soviet agitation. In April 1983, she was convicted of "agitation carried on for the purpose of subverting or weakening the Soviet regime", sentenced to seven years in a labor camp followed by five years of internal exile. She was released on October 9, 1986, on the eve of the summit in Reykjavík, Iceland between President Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev.

Ratushinskaya died on 5 July 2017 in Moscow of cancer at the age of 63.

References

1954 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from kidney cancer
Russian poets
Russian writers
Vice Admiral Diego E. Hernandez (March 25, 1934 – July 7, 2017) was a United States Navy officer. He was the first Hispanic to be named Vice Commander of North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). He then underwent flight training and in August 1956, was designated a Naval Aviator.

Hernandez died on July 7, 2017 from complications of Parkinson's disease at the age of 83.

References

1934 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in Florida
American military people
People from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Karan Singh (born 9 March 1931) is an Indian politician, philanthropist and poet. He was born in Cannes, France.

Singh is a member of India's Upper House of Parliament, the Rajya Sabha representing the National Capital Territory of Delhi. He is a senior member of the Indian National Congress Party who served successively as President (Sadr-i-Riyasat) and Governor of Jammu and Kashmir.

Singh is the son of the last ruler of the erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh. In the 26th amendment to the Constitution of India promulgated in 1971, the Government of India, of which Karan Singh was a Union cabinet minister, abolished all official symbols of princely India, including titles, privileges, and remuneration (privy purses). During the conclusion of the Cold War, he was India's ambassador to the USA. Singh received the Padma Vibhushan in 2005.

Singh was seen as a possible candidate for President in the July 2017 Indian presidential election by Bhim Singh.

References

Other websites

 Dr. Karan Singh's Official Website
 Dr. Karan Singh's Official Twitter
 Dr. Karan Singh's  Official Facebook Page
 Film: I Believe: Universal Values for a Global Society with Dr. Singh and by Raja Choudhury.
 Genealogy of the ruling chiefs of Jammu and Kashmir
 Proclamation of May 1, 1951 on Jammu & Kashmir Constituent Assembly by Yuvraj (Crown Prince) Karan Singh from the Official website of Government of Jammu and Kashmir, India 

1931 births
Living people
Indian politicians
Indian poets
Indian philanthropists
People from Cannes
Andrzej Marian Olechowski  (born 9 September 1947 in Kraków, Poland) is a Polish politician. He was one of the co-founders of liberal conservative party Civic Platform in 2001 with Maciej Płażyński and Donald Tusk. He served as Minister of Finance (1992) in the Jan Olszewski's Government and Minister of Foreign Affairs (1993–1995) in the Waldemar Pawlak's Government.

Olechowski was an independent candidate in 2000 presidential election, coming second after incumbent Aleksander Kwaśniewski. In 2002, he was Civic Platform's candidate for president of Warsaw but failed to even get to the second round. Afterwards he began moving away from politics.

He left the Civic Platform in July 2009 and started co-operating with the Democratic Party. He was one of the candidates in the 2010 Polish presidential election, but got only 1.44% of votes and didn't get into the second round.

References

1947 births
Living people
Polish politicians
People from Kraków