cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Joaquín Rafael Phoenix () (born October 28, 1973), originally called Leaf Phoenix, is an American actor. He is from a family of actors, like his brother, the late actor River Phoenix. He has been nominated four times for the Academy Award, winning once in 2020. He also won the Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, BAFTA and Grammy Awards.

Phoenix is popular for his roles as Commodus in Gladiator, as Johnny Cash in Walk the Line and as the main character in Joker. 

He is also known for portraying firefighter Jack Morrison in Ladder 49. He has recently begun directing music videos, as well as producing movies and television shows. He also sang and recorded an album, the soundtrack Walk The Line, which won a Grammy Award. He has been a social activist for a long time, especially for animal rights. He is a vegan.

Other websites 

 
 Joaquin Phoenix interview for Walk the Line 
Joaquin Phoenix

Actors who played the Joker
Best Actor Academy Award winners
Grammy Award winners
BAFTA Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
1974 births
Living people
American political activists
American animal rights activists
American child actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American movie actors
Humanitarians
American philanthropists
American movie producers
Jewish American actors
People from San Juan, Puerto Rico
William Hurt (born March 20, 1950) is an American actor. He won an Academy Award in 1985 for his work in the movie film Kiss of the Spider Woman.

Other websites 
 

1950 births
Living people
American movie actors
BAFTA Award winners
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Washington, D.C.
Adrien Brody (born April 14, 1973) is an American actor. He starred in Roman Polanski's The Pianist (2002). The role won him an Academy Award for Best Actor, the youngest actor ever to win the award. His mother, Sylvia Plachy (born 1943) is a Hungarian photographer. His father is of Polish descent.

Other websites 

 
 
 Adrien Brody website 
 Adrien Brody fansite 

1973 births
Living people
Best Actor Academy Award winners
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
Mark Robert Michael Wahlberg (born June 5, 1971) is an American actor and television and movie producer. His father was of Swedish and Irish descent, and his mother is of Irish, Scottish, English, and French-Canadian ancestry. He has been nominated for an Academy Award. He was also known as "Marky Mark" at the beginning of his career, when he had become famous as a rap musician with the band Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch after a brief time as a member of New Kids on the Block.

Wahlberg was convicted of assault when he was 16, for which he was imprisoned. He is a Roman Catholic.

References

Other websites 

 Mark Wahlberg Message Board 
 Mark Robert Wahlberg British fan site
 
 Mark Wahlberg Interview at Moviehole.net 
 Mark Wahlberg Interview on "Fresh Air"
 Mark Wahlberg on The Hour
 Mark Wahlberg Youth Foundation

Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
American movie actors
American movie producers
American people convicted of assault
American pop musicians
Rap musicians from Massachusetts
American Roman Catholics
American television actors
American television producers
BAFTA Award winners
Businesspeople from Boston, Massachusetts
Musicians from Boston, Massachusetts
Singers from Boston, Massachusetts
1971 births
Living people
Wesley Trent Snipes (born July 31, 1962) is an American actor, martial artist and movie producer. He is best known for his role as the vampire hunter in the Blade trilogy movies.

Snipes was born in Orlando, Florida and spent most of his childhood in The Bronx, New York City. He moved back to Orlando when he was a teenager.

Film

Television

Theatre

Music videos

Soundtrack appearances

Video games

References

Other websites 
 

Actors from Orlando, Florida
Actors from the Bronx
African American actors
American movie actors
African American movie producers
American television actors
1962 births
Living people
Edward Harrison Norton (born August 18, 1969) is an American movie actor and director. He was nominated for three Academy Awards. He won the Golden Globe in 1997 for Primal Fear.

References

Other websites
 
 

1969 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American movie directors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
The Cardinals or Cardinalidae are a family of  passerine birds that live in North and South America.

References 
 Stiles and Skutch,  A guide to the birds of Costa Rica  
 Hilty, Birds of Venezuela, 
  ffrench, Birds of Trinidad and Tobago 
 "National Geographic" Field Guide to the Birds of North America  
 Klicka, Burns & Spellman. Defining a monophyletic Cardinalidae: a molecular perspective.  . p. 36

Other websites 

Cardinalidae videos on the Internet Bird Collection

Passeriformes
Magpies are birds in the crow family, Corvidae. They are general scavengers and predators of insects, small mammals, and other birds' eggs and young.

The word "magpie" usually means the European magpie (Pica pica), which is a very common bird, found all over Europe. Elsewhere, there are other species of magpie. Most are black and white and are in the genus Pica.

Other birds called "magpie" 
There are other species of bird that are called 'magpies', though they are not true magpies. Oriental "magpies" are green and blue in colour, and are in the genera Urocissa and Cissa. There is also one blue and white magpie, the azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyana. There is the black magpie, which is really a treepie. There is also the Australian magpie. It is not a member of the crow family at all. It is in the Artamidae family. All these are in different genera from Pica. This is a good example of the confusion caused by common names before the Linnaean system came into use.

Description 
Magpies are large birds. They often have long tails. Magpies eat lots of different kinds of food. They may eat baby birds, eggs and carrion. They may also eat seeds and other parts of plants.

Magpies are clever birds. They can pass the mirror test. This is when the bird sees itself in a mirror and understands that it is a reflection. Magpies do not have any attraction to bright, shiny things, contrary to popular belief.

Related pages 
Yellow-billed magpie
Black-billed magpie

Other websites 
 Magpie videos on the Internet Bird Collection
 Magpie webcam  - Live webcam stream Magpies & Blackbirds nest

Corvids
Final Fantasy Tactics is a tactical role-playing game for the Playstation and Game Boy Advance. It was released in 1997 by Square Co., Ltd. (now Square Enix).

Final Fantasy games
1997 video games
A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle. They are a kind of vesicle. Vacuoles are closed sacs, made of membranes with inorganic or organic molecules inside, such as enzymes. They have no set shape or size, and the cell can change them as needed. They are in most eukaryotic cells and do many things. They can store waste. Vacuoles and their contents are distinct from the cytoplasm, and are classified as ergastic according to some people. The solution that fills the vacuole is called cell sap.

What a vacuole does and how important it is depends on what kind of cell they are in. They are much more important in plant and fungus cells than in animal cells. Some common jobs of a vacuole are to:
 
 Hold waste products, and keep things separate from the rest of the cell
 Hold water in plant cells
 Keep the internal hydrostatic pressure or turgor steady in a cell. In land plants, this holds the stem upright.
 Keep an acidic pH on the inside of a cell
 Hold small molecules
 In seeds, proteins that seeds use to sprout are put in 'protein bodies'. Protein bodies are just vacuoles that are a little bit different from normal.

Vacuoles are also important in autophagy, keeping a balance between making and getting rid of many things in cells and organisms. They also help with destroying and recycling broken proteins that build up in cells. Vacuoles may help attack bacteria and some kinds of vacuoles may act as a house for symbiotic bacteria. In protists, vacuoles also store and help digest food that the protist ate.

Central vacuole 
The central vacuole is a cellular organelle found in plant cells. It is often the largest organelle in the cell. It is surrounded by a membrane and holds materials and wastes. It also keeps the proper pressure in the plant cells, and supports the growing plant.

Evolution 
The evolution of multicellularity took place several times on Earth. That is, separately in animals, fungi, streptophytes (charophyte algae and land plants), red algae, and brown algae. The vacuole probably evolved several times independently, even within the green plants.

References 

Organelles
The City of Sunderland is a metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, in North East England.  Since 1992 it has had the status of a city and metropolitan borough. 

It is named after its largest settlement, Sunderland, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Washington, Houghton-le-Spring, and other smaller settlements.

The district was created in 1974 as the Metropolitan Borough of Sunderland when all local government in England and Wales was changed by the Local Government Act 1972.  This was when four different local government districts from County Durham were joined together. 

Sunderland became a city in 1992, the 40th anniversary of  Queen Elizabeth's accession (the time she became queen). 

The district had a population of 280,807 at the time of the 2001 census. 

On March 24, 2004, the City adopted St Benedict Biscop as its patron saint. A patron had never been adopted before.

Related pages
Sunderland
Washington
Houghton-le-Spring

References 

Sunderland, Tyne and Wear

Settlements in Tyne and Wear
The Self-Strengthening Movement ( or ;  1861 - 1895) was a reform organised during the late Qing Dynasty. The movement's intent was the modernization of China as a result of many military defeats it had faced at the hands of the West. It could be divided into three phases the first phase (1861 - 1872), the second phase (1872 - 1885) and the third phase (1885 - 1895). 

After the defeat of Opium Wars and the outbreak of Taiping Rebellion, the emperor and imperial officials realised that the Qing Government might be overthrown soon and they would no longer reign the country. In order to prevent this, a series of reforms were implemented in the Self-Strengthening Movement, sometimes called "Westernization" which sought to adopt ideas from the West, mainly in technology.

Major leaders 
 Yixin, Prince Gong ()
 Wenxiang           ()
 Zeng Guofan        ()
 Li Hongzhang       ()
 Zuo Zongtang       ()
 Shen Baozhen       ()
 Zhang Zhidong      ()

History of China
Michael John Douglas (born September 5, 1951), better known by the artistic name Michael Keaton, is an American actor who became popular for his early comedic film roles, most notably his performance as the title character of Tim Burton's Beetlejuice, and later gained international fame for his dramatic portrayal of Bruce Wayne / Batman in Tim Burton's Batman (1989), Batman Returns (1992) and will play the role again in The Flash and Batgirl (both 2022). He won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Academy Award in 2015 for his role in Birdman. In 2016, he played Ray Kroc in The Founder.

Early life
Keaton was born in Kennedy Township, Pennsylvania. He lived in Robinson Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. His father, George A. Douglas, worked as a civil engineer and surveyor, and his mother, Leona Elizabeth (nee Loftus), a homemaker, came from McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania. Keaton was raised in a Catholic family. He is of Irish and Scots-Irish ancestry. He attended Montour High School in Pennsylvania. Douglas studied speech for two years at Kent State, before dropping out and moving to Pittsburgh.

Politics
Keaton supported Senator Bernie Sanders for President in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

Filmography

Animated Roles
 Gary the Rat - Jerry Andrews
 King of the Hill - Trip Larson
 The Simpsons - Jack Crowley

Film Roles
 Cars - Chick Hicks
 Minions - Walter Nelson
 Porco Rosso - Porco Rosso
 Toy Story 3 - Ken
 Toy Story 4 - Ken
 Woody's Roundup: The Movie - Ken
 Spotlight (movie) - Walter “Robby” Robinson

Video Game Roles
 Call of Duty: Black Ops II - Jason Hudson
 Cars - Chick Hicks
 Cars Race-O-Rama - Chick Hicks

References

Other websites
 
 Story on Michael Keaton 

1951 births
Living people
Actors from Pennsylvania
Actors who played Batman
American movie actors
American television actors
American video game actors
American voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Satellite Award winners
Stage names
Chechnya (; ), officially the Chechen Republic (; ), is a federal subject in Russia. It is located in the Caucasus region. The capital is Grozny.

Most people in Chechnya are Muslims and are of ancient Hurrian roots who spoke a Caucasian language. Most Chechens belong to the Shafi`i school of Sunni Islam.

Chechens speak their own language, not related to the Russian language. Chechen is part of the Northeast Caucasian, or Vainakh, family, while Russian is a Slavic language.

During Soviet control, Chechnya was unified with Ingushetia. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Chechnya broke away from Ingushetia to form its own republic. The Chechens wanted independence. After the First Chechen War, Chechnya was de facto independent as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. After the Second Chechen War, Russia regained control of Chechnya.

Russia has claimed Chechnya as part of its country since the Russians invaded the Caucasus in the 18th century.

The current leader of the Chechen Republic is Ramzan Kadyrov. He is also the son of the 1st Chechen President, Akhmad Kadyrov.

References

Other websites 
 Official site of the Republic of Chechnya 

 
Federal subjects of Russia
Republics of Russia
In mathematics, the opposite or additive inverse of a number  is a number  which, when added to , results in 0. The opposite of  is . For example, −7 is the opposite of 7, because . 

The opposite of a positive number is the negative version of the number. The opposite of a negative number is the positive version of the number. The opposite of 0 is 0.

Two opposite numbers have the same absolute value.

Related pages 

 Addition
Reciprocal
Absolute value

References 

 
Numbers
Arithmetics
Mathematics
An n-th root of a number r is a number which, if n copies are multiplied together, makes r. It is also called a radical or a radical expression. It is a number k for which the following equation is true:

(for the meaning of , see Exponentiation.)

We write the nth root of r as . If n is 2, then the radical expression is a square root. If it is 3, it is a cube root. Other values of n are referred to using ordinal numbers, such as fourth root and tenth root.

For example,  because . The 8 in that example is called the radicand, the 3 is called the index, and the check-shaped part is called the radical symbol or radical sign.

Roots and powers can be changed as shown in .

The product property of a radical expression is the statement that . The quotient property of a radical expression is the statement .

Simplifying 

This is an example of how to simplify a radical.

If two radicals are the same, they can be combined. This is when both of the indexes and radicands are the same.

This is how to find the perfect square and rationalize the denominator.

Related pages
 Geometric mean
 Rationalization (mathematics)
 Square number

References

Mathematics
The Isle of Portland is an island in Dorset in the south of England. Portland is south of the resort of Weymouth. 13,000 people live there. It is where the famous Portland limestone was originally found.

In 2012, the sailing in the Olympics will take place on Portland and in Weymouth.

References

Other websites 

Dorset
Islands of England
Sui generis (pronounced  or ) is a term from Latin. It can be translated to Of (his/her/its) own kind. It basically means that something has VERY special characteristics. They are so special, that the thing cannot really be compared to anything else. It is used in various contexts. The term was invented by philosophers. What they originally wanted to say was that an idea is so specific as to be unique, that it cannot really be part of a broader concept.

Law
When lawyers talk about something being sui generis, they mean that something is unique.  It cannot be compared. With intellectual property, a design can be sui generis.

Political sciences
The European Union is something that has come to be in the last few years. In some ways it is like state in others like a confederation of states or an international organisation. It is mostly classified as sui generis.

Sociology
In the sociology of Emile Durkheim, sui generis is used to illustrate his theories on social existence. He says that society, as it was there before any living individual was born, is independent of all individuals. His sui generis (its closest English meaning in this sense being 'independent') society will furthermore continue its existence after the individual ceases to interact with it.

Examples in media
Meryl Streep was praised in a Wall Street Journal review of The Devil Wears Prada: "(her) pitch-perfect portrayal of Miranda is sui generis, with a dramatic existence of its own, as unique and memorable as, say, a Bette Davis character."

Martin Kettle in The Guardian said about hung parliaments: "Each is sui generis, dependent on the particular parliamentary arithmetic, inter-party momentum and surrounding political circumstances."

Slate has used the term several times; one article discussed the unique variations of French Rose Champagne: "Grower Champagnes are wines made by small farmers in the Champagne region who, bucking convention, choose to craft their own wines rather than sell their grapes to the major Champagne houses. Typical of farmer fizzes, the grower rosés are utterly sui generis—in a few cases almost freakishly so."

A CNN The Marquee post said about James Brown, "I can't even begin to talk about his importance. He was sui generis."

Political commentator Dick Morris referred to the intense public interest in the 2008 US Presidential race as "clearly sui generis, and anything can happen."

References

Legal terms
Latin words and phrases
A regular polygon is a polygon which is both equilateral (which means all its sides have the same length) and equiangular (which means that all its angles are the same).

Examples
The simplest examples of regular polygons are:

Polygons
Straightedge and compass construction, also known as ruler-and-compass construction, is drawing of lengths, angles or shapes using only a ruler and compass. 

Some things cannot be drawn this way.  For example, there are only 32 regular polygons with an uneven number of sides which are known to be constructible.  It has been proven that a square with the same area as the area of a circle cannot be constructed.  This is called "Squaring the circle".

Mathematics

eo:Geometrio#Klasikaj problemoj
fa:تثلیث زاویه
Air Force One is the air traffic call sign (name) of any U.S. Air Force aircraft carrying the president of the United States.

The president usually flies in one of the two specially changed Boeing 747 jumbo jets (airplane) kept by the United States Air Force. 

They are only called Air Force One when the president is on board.  Otherwise it is called by its number like any other airplane.

When Richard Nixon resigned as president in 1974 he flew back to his home in California in Air Force One, but halfway to California he stopped being president and the airplane was then given a new name, SAM (Special Air Mission) 2700.

Related pages 

 Japanese Air Force One

United States Air Force

Individual aircraft
A Commonwealth realm is a country in the Commonwealth of Nations which has Queen Elizabeth II as monarch. It includes her home country of the United Kingdom and many of its former colonies or territories, including:

In each of the countries outside the UK, the Queen appoints a Governor-General to represent her, who, after consulting with the government of the realm, has all of the powers and duties of the queen. Usually the Governor-General signs all acts of parliament into law, but can wait and ask the Queen for advice or wait for her to sign the act herself.  This happened in 1982 when Queen Elizabeth signed the important Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms during a visit to Ottawa, and the Australia Act 1986 in Canberra.

Although Queen Elizabeth II is monarch of many countries, the British government has no power in the other realms, just as the governments of the other realms have no power in the UK. This is why each realm decides on the Queen's official title. Usually it is "Queen of (realm) and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth". But two countries mention the UK in their title for the Queen: Grenada uses "Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Grenada and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth", while Canada uses the old fashioned form, which reads "by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom, Canada and Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith." Not all countries use the title Defender of the Faith.


Other websites
 The Commonwealth Secretariat official site
 The Commonwealth - UK government site

Commonwealth
 United Commonwealth  Main all-Commonwealth group

Australia
 Australian Monarchist League (traditionalist constitutional monarchists)
 No Republic - Australians for Constitutional Monarchy (Moderate constitutional monarchists)

Canada
 Canadian Monarchy - The Official Site 
 Canadian Monarchist ONLINE
 Monarchist League of Canada

New Zealand
 Monarchist League of New Zealand 

History of the United Kingdom
 
British monarchy
A Dashiki is a loose fitting, brightly coloured garment associated with African culture. It is also associated with the counterculture of the 1960s in the United States. The most popular styles cover the top half of the body. It originated in West Africa. A common form is a loose-fitting pullover garment, with an ornate V-shaped collar. It often has an embroidered neck and sleeve lines. There are both casual and formal versions.

History 
The dashiki originated in West Africa and East Africa. Twelfth and thirteenth centuries burial mounds in Mali (West Africa) have revealed versions of dashikis. Dashikis were worn by both men and women. They may have been influenced by the thawb worn by Arabs who came to the region. Both garments keep the wearer cool in the hot African climate. The dashiki was worn as a work shirt in the shorter version. Another much longer version was called the grand boubou. It is also similar to the kaftan. All three are common to West Africa.

1960s US counterculture 
The dashiki became popular in the hippie culture of the 1960s. Peace Corps members returning from Africa brought back dashikis. African diplomats to the United Nations in New York were often seen and photographed wearing colorful dashikis. Dashikis were seen as a symbol of support for black racial struggles. Groups like the Black Panthers wore the Dashiki as a symbol of their black heritage. The Afro hairstyle, faded blue jeans and the Dashiki were all popular expressions of the Black is beautiful cultural movement.

Musical groups 
 
Many of the rock groups of the 60s and 70s wore Dashikis. But black performers of the 60s 70s preferred the more conventional suit and tie look. But in the 80s several black groups wore the dashiki to show their heritage. One South African vocal group, 'Ladysmith Black Mambazo', wore dashikis extensively. This identified them more as Africans than Zulus.

References

Other websites 

 Dashikis
 Dashiki

Tops (clothing)
Africa
The Colorado Avalanche are an American ice hockey in the National Hockey League (NHL). They play their home games at Ball Arena in Denver, Colorado. They play in the Central Division of the Western Conference. The team has won the Stanley Cup championship two times, in 1996 and in 2001.

References

Other websites
Official website

 
1972 establishments in the United States
Avalanche
The Minnesota Wild are a NHL team based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The team's name was chosen by a fans' contest. The logo suggests the "wild" lands of northern Minnesota. It includes trees, the moon, stars and a river. Those things are surrounded by the outline of the head of a wild animal, possibly a bear.

The Wild joined the NHL in 2000. They play at the Xcel Energy Center in downtown St. Paul.

References

Other websites
Official website

Minnesota Wild
Ghassanids, are an Arab clan who came to the Levant from Yemen before Islam. Ghassanids were Christians. Some of them remain  Christians until modern days especially in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, and Israel. The Ghassanids were a puppet of the Byzantine Empire during the Byzantine-Sassanid wars during the war they fought against the Lakhmids. The Ghassanids were annexed by the Muslim Caliphate in the mid 600s AD.

Yemeni people
The Boeing B-29 Superfortress was a heavy bomber aircraft with four engines used by the United States Army Air Forces in World War II, and by other countries' military after that. The name "Superfortress" came from its famous previous model, the B-17 Flying Fortress.

The B-29 Boeing Model 345 was one of the biggest aircraft to serve during World War II. It was one of the most advanced bombers of its time. It was the most used aircraft in the U.S. bombing against Japan in the final months of World War II, and B-29s carried the atomic bombs that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The B-29 stayed in service for a long time after the war ended. By the time it was retired in the 1960s, some 3,900 planes had been built.

References 

Boeing aircraft
United States Air Force aircraft
World War II American aircraft
Sewing is stitching cloth, leather, furs, or other materials, using a needle and thread. Sewing can be done on a sewing machine, or by hand.

"Plain" sewing is mostly done to make or mend clothing and household furnishings such as curtains, sheets, upholstery, and table linens. It is also used for sails, bellows, skin boats, banners and other items shaped out of flexible materials.

"Fancy" sewing is done to decorate materials, such as embroidery or quilting.

Sewing is an important part of shoemaking and bookbinding. Wounds are often sewn shut.

If a thread becomes loose in a sewn item, the stitches may unravel and require restitching to repair them. In repair sewing, pulling the threaded needle in and out of the fabric at the same lengths and places as the other remaining stitches can make a repair nearly invisible. Replacing a missing button on a garment follows the same procedure, although there are different possible ways to place the thread to sew on a button. While repairs are usually sewn by hand, most garments are created using a machine, which can range from simple to complex.

References 

Manufacturing
Needlework
Saipan (IPA:  in English) is the largest island and capital of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), a chain of 15 tropical islands which are part of the Marianas archipelago in the western Pacific Ocean (15°10’51”N, 145°45’21”E) with a total area of 115.39 km² (44.55 sq mi). At the 2000 census, there were more than 62,392 people.

Saipan is at latitude of 15.25° north and longitudeof 145.75° east, about 200 km (120 mi) north of Guam. Saipan is about 20 km (12.5 mi) long and 9 km (5.5 mi) wide. It is a popular tourist destination in the Pacific.

Other websites
Saipan Municipality, United States Census Bureau 
Department of the Interior, Office of Insular Affairs  Links to cultural and informational sites about the CNMI as well as to government sites
Saipan Tribune
KSPN Channel 2
Marianas Variety

References

Capital cities in Oceania
Northern Mariana Islands
Knitting creates flexible fabric by looping thread or yarn together using two or more knitting needles or a knitting machine.

Types of knitting

Flat knitting 
Flat knitting, which is usually done on two straight needles, makes a length of cloth and is used to create things like blankets, scarves, and the backs, fronts, and sides of sweaters.

Circular knitting 

Circular knitting, which is done on circular needles, or needles that have points on both ends, produces a seamless tube and is used to create things like hats, socks, mittens, rings, and sleeves.

Cable knitting 

Patterns called cables are typically used on sweaters, particularly on fancy Aran sweaters from Ireland.
Different kinds of stitches create different patterns in knitting. For example, the stretchy ends of knitted sleeves are called ribbing.

Materials

Yarn 

Yarn for knitting can be made from any number of natural or synthetic (man made) fibers such as wool, cotton, silk, or acrylic. Some yarns are made from a blend of several kinds of fibers.

Yarns come in many thicknesses or weights from fine to thick: lace, fingering, sock, sport, double-knit (or DK), worsted, Aran, bulky, and super-bulky. Thinner yarns are generally used with smaller knitting needles, and thicker yarns are used with larger knitting needles.

Needles 
Knitting needles come in various shapes: straight, double-pointed, cable, and circular. They can be made from bamboo, aluminum, steel, or plastic.

Needlework

oc:Tricot
was a Vice-Admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, who came to known as the father of the kamikaze.

Other websites
 One of the commanders who be orderd the Kamikaze operation (in Japanese)

1891 births
1945 deaths
Admirals
Aviators
Japanese military people
Military personnel of World War II
People from Hyōgo Prefecture
Battlefield 2 is a first-person shooter developed by Digital Illusions CE and published by EA Games.

By playing online the players can gather points for the global ranking. If a player has enough points, he is promoted to the next higher rank and can unlock new weapons and awards.

The storyline takes place in Middle- and Eastern-Asia in the near future. In this fictional war, the US Marine Corps fights against China and the fictional "Middle Eastern Coalition". So the players can use the most modern weapons like the F-35 Lightning II fighter or the T90 tank. It´s also possible to choose between different classes like medic, assault, sniper and others.

Because Battlefield 2 is a tactic shooter, teamplay is very important. One player by team can be the commander who issues instructions on his team. The other players can group themselves into squads.

In every round two teams are playing. At the beginning of the round, both teams have a certain number of tickets. By eliminating an enemy the teams can reduce the number of tickets of the other team. The team that has more tickets at the end of the round wins.

Battlefield 2 is the sequel of Battlefield 1942 and Battlefield Vietnam. The most recent game of the Battlefield series is Battlefield: Bad Company 2.

There is also an addon named Special Forces in which several special forces (e. g. SAS) can be played. Also two so called "booster packs" are available: Euro Forces which brings the army of the European Union into the game and Armored Fury which relocates the storyline to North America.

Battlefield 2 is one of the most popular games in it´s genre. Although being released in 2005 it´s still played by many persons around the world and has a big community.

Other websites 

Battlefield 2 website
Battlefield 2: Special Forces Website 

2005 video games
Battlefield video games
Video games developed in Sweden
The Battlefield series consists of the following first-person shooter games that were developed by Digital Illusions CE, and published by Electronic Arts:

 Battlefield 1942 - (PC, Mac), released 10 September 2002.
The Road to Rome (Expansion Pack)
Secret Weapons of World War II (Expansion Pack)
 Battlefield Vietnam - (PC), released 14 March 2004 (US only), and 19 March 2004.
 Battlefield 2 - (PC), released 21 June 2005 (US only) and 24 June 2005.
Special Forces (Expansion Pack), released 22 November 2005 (US only), and 24 November 2005
Euro Force (Booster Pack), released 14 March 2006.
Armored Fury (Booster Pack), released 6 June 2006.
 Battlefield 2: Modern Combat - (PS2, Xbox, Xbox 360), released 24 October 2005 (PS2/Xbox), 11 May 2006 (Xbox 360).
 Battlefield 2142 - (PC, Mac), was released 17 October 2006.
 Northern Strike (Booster Pack), released 8 March 2007.
 Battlefield: Bad Company - (Xbox 360, PlayStation 3), released 23 June 2008.
 Battlefield: Bad Company 2 - (PC, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3), released 2 March 2010.
Battlefield 3 - (PC, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3), released 25 October 2011.
Battlefield 4 - (PC, Xbox 360, PlayStaion 3, Xbox One, PlayStation 4), released 29 October 2013.
Battlefield Hardline - (PC, Xbox One, PlayStation 4, released 17 March 2015.
Battlefield 1 - (PC, Xbox One, PlayStation 4), released 23 October 2016.
Battlefield V - (PC, Xbox One, PlayStation 4), release date 20 November 2018.

Other websites 
 Battlefield Gaming Information 

 
Video games developed in Sweden
In set theory, a subset is a set which has some (or all) of the elements of another set, called superset, but does not have any elements that the superset does not have. A subset which does not have all the elements of its superset is called a proper subset. We use the symbol ⊆ to say a set is a subset of another set. We can also use ⊂ if it is a proper subset. The symbols ⊃ ⊇ are opposite - they tell us the second element is a (proper) subset of the first.

For example:
{1, 2, 3} is a proper subset of {-563, 1, 2, 3, 68}.

The interval [0, 1] is a proper subset of the set of real numbers (also the set of positive numbers).

{46,189,1264} is its own subset, and is a proper subset of the set of natural numbers.

Related pages 

 Subset sum problem
 Vector subspace

References 

Set theory

ro:Mulțime#Submulțimi
The Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania is one of the Eastern Orthodox churches. It is very new. It was created in 1922 by the fathers of the Albanian Orthodoxy Fan Noli, Visarion Xhuvani, and others. The Albanian Orthodox Church is autocephalous, meaning its bishop does not have to answer before any superior clerical authority.

Since its beginning it has had a difficult time. The church suffered during the Second World War, and in the communist period that came after. This became worse after 1967 when Albania was declared an atheist state, and no public or private expression of religion was allowed. After religious freedom returned in 1991, the church has become very active again. More than 250 churches have been created or repaired, and more than 100 clergy being ordained. 

The Church currently has four dioceses, Tirana, Durrës and Elbasan; Berat and Kanina; Gjirokastër; and Korçë.

Other websites 
 Official Site of the Albanian Orthodox Church (Warning: requires Flash)
 Albanian Orthodox Library
 Eastern Christian Churches: Orthodox Church of Albania
 History of the Establishment of the Church 

Eastern Orthodox Church
Albanian culture
The University of Padua (Italian Università degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) is in Padua, Italy. It was created in 1222. It is one of the oldest European universities and the second oldest in Italy. As of 2003, the university had about 65,000 students.

History 
The university is usually said to have been founded in 1222 when a big group of students and professors left the University of Bologna. They did this to look for more academic freedom ('Libertas scholastica'). 
The first subjects to be taught were law and theology. The curriculum got bigger quickly, and by 1399 the institution had divided in two: a Universitas Iuristarum for civil law and Canon law, and a Universitas Artistarum which taught astronomy, dialectic, philosophy, grammar, medicine, and rhetoric.

Related pages 

Padua

References

Other websites
University of Padua Website 
Museums of the University

Colleges and universities in Italy
1222 establishments
Padua
1220s establishments in Europe
13th-century establishments in Italy
The National Museum of the United States Air Force (formerly the United States Air Force Museum) is the official national museum of the United States Air Force and is located on Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Dayton, Ohio. Over 400 aircraft and missiles are on display, most of them indoors.  Admission is free.

Exhibits
The museum has many rare and important aircraft and other exhibits, including one of four surviving Convair B-36s,  the only surviving XB-70 Valkyrie, and Bockscar–the B-29 Superfortress that dropped the second atomic bomb in World War II. In contrast to the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum, nearly all of the museum's exhibits are extremely accessible. Most are easily touched, even investigated, by visitors.

Other websites

 Official website
 The Air Force Museum Foundation - a private non-profit organization supporting the mission and goals of the National Museum of the USAF

United States Air Force
Military aviation
Dayton, Ohio
Museums in the United States
Buildings and structures in Ohio
The first Tour de France was in 1903, but it was not run during World War I and World War II

Winners

 The "Year" column refers to the year the competition was held, and wikilinks to the article about that season.
 The "Distance" column refers to the distance over which the race was held.
 The "Margin" column refers to the margin of time or points by which the winner defeated the runner-up.
 The "Stage wins" column refers to the number of stage wins the winner had during the race.

Multiple winners

The following riders have won the Tour de France on 2 or more occasions. Since the retirement of two-time winner Alberto Contador in 2017, the only active rider on the list as of that year is Chris Froome, currently with 4 wins. Contador had originally won three Tours, but was stripped of one following an anti-doping violation.

Lance Armstrong was removed from the head of the list after having all seven of his Tour victories stripped when he was found guilty of repeated doping offences. Had his tainted Tour victories been reallocated (as were the victories of Floyd Landis and Contador) to the second placed rider in each race, Jan Ullrich would have joined the list with 4 Tour wins. However, the race organisers ASO decided not to reallocate the titles won in those years, in recognition of the historic doping problem in the sport at that time - Ullrich himself having been banned for a doping violation. Ullrich, therefore, has a single Tour victory to his name.

By nationality

Footnotes

A.  Bjarne Riis has admitted to doping during the 1996 Tour de France. The organizers of the Tour de France said that they no longer consider him to be the winner. However, Union Cycliste Internationale has so far refused to change the official status because a lot of time has passed since his win. Jan Ullrich was placed second on the podium in Paris.

B.  Lance Armstrong was declared winner of seven Tours in a row from 1999 to 2005. However, in October 2012 he had all his titles removed by the UCI because of his use of performance-enhancing drugs. The Tour director Christian Prudhomme had said before that if this happened, there would be no alternative winners for those years, but this has not yet been made official.

C.  Floyd Landis was the winner at the podium ceremony in Paris on the last day of the 2006 Tour, but later was found to have tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs during stage 17 of the race. The United States Anti-Doping Agency found him guilty of using synthetic testosterone during the race and removed his title on 20 September 2007.

D.  Alberto Contador was the winner at the podium ceremony in Paris on the last day of the 2010 Tour, but later was found to have tested positive for a drug that was not allowed, Clenbuterol, on a rest day. The Court of Arbitration for Sport found him guilty of using clenbuterol during the race and removed his title on 6 February 2012.

E.  Henri Cornet was declared the winner of 1904 race after the disqualification of Maurice Garin for cheating.

Notes 

Tour de France
The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple is one of the four Inns of Court around the Royal Courts of Justice in London. They may call members to the Bar and allow them to practice as barristers. (The other Inns are Middle Temple, Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn.)

The Inner Temple was first recorded as being used for legal purposes when lawyers' houses were burned down in Wat Tyler's revolt in 1381. Before that date, the Temple was occupied by the Knights Templar. The Inner Temple was damaged during the wartime bombings in the areas surrounding the River Thames.

Famous members

Geoffrey Chaucer (reputed)
Thomas de Littleton
William Catesby
Sir Edward Coke
Sir Francis Drake
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex
Christopher Hatton
Thomas Morton, a member of the associated Inn of Chancery Clifford's Inn
William Wycherly
Judge Jeffreys
James Boswell
Samuel Johnson (resided at the Inner Temple for a period, though not a member)
William Paca
Karl Pearson, and his father William Pearson, QC
George Phillippo
Thomas Hughes
William Schwenk Gilbert
Bram Stoker
Mohandas Gandhi (called 1891, disbarred 1922, reinstated 1988)
John Maynard Keynes
Clement Attlee
Jawaharlal Nehru
Mohammed Ali Jinnah
Cecil Rhodes
Ivy Williams, the first female barrister
A.J.P. Taylor
Seretse Khama, president of Botswana (admitted 1946)
Derry Irvine
Lord Woolf
Elizabeth Butler-Sloss
Jack Straw
Michael Howard
John Mortimer (whose best-known creation, Horace Rumpole, was also an Inner Templar)
Richard Searby
Malcolm Bishop
Thomas Willing
Musa Alami
Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad
Tunku Abdul Rahman

Other websites
Inner Temple website
Inner Temple Banqueting website 

Inns of Court
The Inns of Court are a group of four legal societies in Britain that have the exclusive right to train barristers and to regulate their admission to the British bar.  The buildings, which house these societies, are called Inns of Court.  The Inns of Court have directing and disciplinary functions over their members. The Inns also provide libraries, dining facilities and professional accommodations to members. Each Inn also has a church or chapel. 

Over the centuries the number of active Inns of Court was reduced to four, which are Lincoln's Inn, Gray's Inn, Inner Temple and Middle Temple.
The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of the four Inns of Court around the Royal Courts of Justice in London. They may call members to the Bar and allow them to practice as barristers. (The other Inns are Middle Temple, Gray's Inn and Inner Temple.) 

Lincoln's Inn is thought to be the oldest of the four Inns of Court. The history of the Inn can be traced back to 1422, although its actual origins are even older.

It is in Holborn, in the London Borough of Camden, on the border with the City of London and the City of Westminster.

Famous Members

Lord Denning
Sir Thomas More
Richard Cromwell
Thomas Langlois Lefroy, Chief Justice of Ireland from 1855 to 1866
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Founder of Pakistan
Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Muslim poet, famous for the idea of Pakistan, philosopher, politician, National Poet of Pakistan
John Henry Cardinal Newman
Mirza Hameedullah Beg, Chief Justice of India
Tony Blair, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Cherie Blair QC (Known professionally as Cherie Booth QC)
John Donne
Margaret Thatcher, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
William Osgoode, first Chief Justice of Ontario after whom Osgoode Hall (and therefore Osgoode Hall Law School) was named
Syed Sajjad Ali Shah, Chief Justice of Pakistan
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Prime Minister and President of Pakistan
John Kofi Agyekum Kufour, President of the Republic of Ghana

Preachers of Lincoln's Inn
The office of Preacher of Lincoln's Inn or Preacher to Lincoln's Inn is a clerical office in the Church of England.  Past Preachers of Lincoln's Inn include:
John Donne
William Warburton
Henry Wace
Derek Watson

Other websites

Lincoln's Inn website
www.shaw-hardwick.co.uk 

Inns of Court
Naomi Nari Nam (born July 6, 1985 in Anaheim, California) is a figure skater from the United States.

Nam was a very good skater as a child. She won the silver medal (second place) at the 1999 United States national championships behind Michelle Kwan at age 13. She would have normally gone to the World Championships after doing this, but she was too young according to the rules. She could have gone if she had won a medal at the World Junior Championships, but that was the last year the World Junior Championships were held before Nationals and Nam did not go to those championships.

Nam had a bad career after this. She had an injury in her hip and had to stop skating as a single skater.

In 2005, she started skating as a pairs skater with Themistocles Leftheris. They placed 5th at the 2006 Nationals, a very good result for a new team. They won the bronze medal (third place) at the 2006 Skate America competition, which was even more good. They won the bronze at the 2007 Nationals and then placed 6th at the 2007 Four Continents.

Naomi Nari Nam is a very graceful and flexible skater. She and Leftheris are a good pairs team. They do very hard jumps for a pairs team, which is helped by Nam's good singles career.

Other websites
 Naomi Nari Nam and Themi Leftheris Online  - Official website
 International Skating Union biography 
 U.S. Figure Skating biography 

1985 births
Living people

Figure skaters from California
People from Anaheim, California
The Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka (櫻花 "cherry blossom") was a type of airplane rocket, used for suicide attacks by the Empire of Japan in the last months of World War II. The United States gave the aircraft the name Baka (Japanese for "stupid").

It was carried by a bomber that dropped it when close enough to an enemy ship. The pilot guided it to crash with the target. When dropping down, it could go so fast that it was almost impossible to stop it. The operational record of Ohkas used in action includes three ships sunk and three other ships with great damage.

Related pages
 Kamikaze
 Kaiten

Other websites 

Thunder Gods  1989 book about Ohka squadron
The Cherry Blossom Squadrons  1973 book about Ohka squadron
 The History of Kamikaze Ohka 桜花

Aviation
Ballistics
Stéphane Lambiel  (born 2 April 1985 in Martigny, Valais) is a figure skater from Switzerland. He is famous for his very good spins.

Lambiel was a good skater as a child. When he was 12 years old, he was picked to perform an exhibition at the 1997 World Championships.

He has won the Swiss national championships every year he has entered them, and at every level.

In 2002, when he was 16, the Swiss Olympic Committee told him he could go to the 2002 Winter Olympics if he placed in the top 15 at the European Championships. Lambiel placed 4th at the European Championships and he went to the Olympics.

In 2006, Lambiel won the silver medal (second place) at the 2006 Winter Olympics. He was World Champion in 2005 and 2006.

Lambiel is famous for having everything a skater needs to do well, called the "full package". He is very artistic, and has all the technical elements needed, including a quadruple jump. He is very consistent, except for the triple axel, which is a bad jump for him.

Lambiel has had a lot of injuries, which has kept him out of the Grand Prix a lot. After the Olympics, he did not feel very motivated. He missed the 2007 European Championships because he said he was burnt out. But he came back for the 2007 World Championships, where he won the bronze medal.

In 2010 he said he was no longer going to compete in skating.

Other websites 
 Official Website
 

1985 births
Living people
2002 Winter Olympics
2010 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic silver medalists
Swiss Olympic medalists