cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Heimo Pfeifenberger (born 29 December 1966 in Zederhaus, Salzburg) is a former professional footballer from Austria. He played mainly for SV Austria Salzburg and also in the Austrian national football team. With 74 goals for Salzburg and 43 for Rapid he is one of the best scorers in Austrian football history.

Career
He started playing football in the youth teams of his local club USV Zederhaus. After scoring 56 goals for Zederhaus in the 1987 season he was transferred to Austria Salzburg. Later he played for SK Rapid Wien and Werder Bremen in the German Bundesliga. He spent the most successful time of his career with Austria Salzburg in the mid 90s. He became an Austrian Champion for two times (1994 and 1995) and in 1994, he was Austria's top scorer. He was also awarded the Footballer of the year award. After playing for Bremen, he returned to Austria and played again for Salzburg. In 2004, he ended his active career as a professional footballer. Afterwards, he started his managerial career and in 2007, he became the coach for SV Seekirchen in the Regionalliga West(3rd level) and afterwards did also manage SV Grödig. Overall, Both of his careers (as a footballer and as a manager) were successful and he became one of the most influential Austrian player ever.

Manager career
He started as a youth coach for FC Red Bull Salzburg in 2005. After two years, in 2007, he became the coach of SV Grödig in the Reginalliga West and helped the team getting promoted to Erste Liga(2nd level). In the next season, he got replaced as the coach of the team so Andreas Herzog offered him the job of an assistant coach in Austria's under 21 team . After a short time with SPG Axams-Götzens, he became the coach of SV Grödig again in 2010.

Honours

National
    Austrian Football Bundesliga (2):        1994, 1995
   Austrian Bundesliga Top Goalscorer (1):        1994
 Austrian Footballer of the Year(1): 1994

International
 Member of the Austrian Team: FIFA World Cup 1990 and 1998
 UEFA Cup final with Austria Salzburg: 1994
 Champions League 1994/95

Manager
Champion Regionalliga West with SV Grödig: 2007/08, 2009/10

1966 births
Austrian footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
Austrian football managers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Living people
SV Grödig managers
Wolfsberger AC managers
SC Wiener Neustadt managers
Peter Egerton Warburton (1813—1889) was an English naval and military officer who became famous as an explorer of Australia. He served as the Commissioner of Police in South Australia.  He was employed by the South Australian government to replace Benjamin Herschel Babbage, because they felt Babbage was moving to slowly. Warburton led several trips into the desert between 1856 and 1874. He found a gap through the ring of salt lakes north of Adelaide in South Australia, which had blocked northward exploration. He visited the artesian springs which he named Coward Springs. He also explored the Davenport Range which he named after Sir Samuel Davenport, a South Australian politician. 

In 1872 he became the first person to cross Australia from the centre, at Alice Springs to the coast of Western Australia. He had to cross the Great Sandy Desert, a trip which left him blind in one eye. He was so ill he completed the trip tied to his camel. They were forced to eat most of their camels. He said they only reason the group survived was through the skills of Charley, their Indigenous Australian guide, Charley.  Warburton was made a CMG and given £1000 as a reward in 1875.

References

1813 births
1889 deaths

Exploration of Australia
British military people
English explorers
Australian police officers
Nicolas Kim Coppola (born January 7, 1964), known professionally as Nicolas Cage, is an American actor, producer, and director. He was born in Long Beach, California. He has starred in many movies, including: Peggy Sue Got Married (1986), Moonstruck (1987), Kiss of Death (1995), Face/Off (1997), The Wicker Man, Ghost Rider (2007), Knowing (2009), and Kick-Ass (2010). Cage won an Academy Award for the Best Actor in the movie Leaving Las Vegas (1995). He is the nephew of Francis Ford Coppola.

Early life
He was born on January 7, 1964, in Long Beach, California. His parents were August Floyd Coppola, a professor of literature, and Joy (nee Vogelsang), a dancer and choreographer. He was raised in a Catholic family.

References

Other websites

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Long Beach, California
American movie actors
American movie producers
American Roman Catholics
American television producers
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
1964 births
Living people
Arquette family
Andrew Stuart Murray McCall (born 10 June 1964), usually known as Stuart McCall, is a former footballer who played in central midfield. He played a total of 763 league games during his career, the 13th highest of all British footballers. He is now a football manager, managing Scottish Premier League side Motherwell.

McCall started his professional career with Bradford City, where he made his senior debut in 1982. He played six seasons at Valley Parade, during which time he won the Division Three championship, a title which was overshadowed by a fire at Bradford's stadium when 56 people died and his father Andy was injured. After missing out on promotion in 1987–88, McCall moved to Everton, for whom he scored twice but finished on the losing side in the 1989 FA Cup Final. In 1991, he moved to Rangers, with whom he spent seven seasons and won six league titles, three Scottish Cups and two Scottish League Cups. McCall returned to Bradford City as captain to take them into the top division of English football for the first time in 77 years. After four seasons he moved to Sheffield United, where he retired as a player in 2005.

Despite being born in Leeds, England, McCall qualified to play for Scotland through his Scottish father. He won 40 caps for his country and scored one goal in the 1990 World Cup in Italy. He also played in two European Championships but his international career ended after he was left out of the 1998 World Cup squad.

McCall was part of the coaching staff during his second spell at Bradford City, briefly serving as caretaker-player manager in 2000. He continued his coaching at Sheffield United and was assistant manager to Neil Warnock until May 2007, when he returned to Bradford City for a third time, this time as manager. He spent two-and-a-half seasons in charge of Bradford City, leaving in February 2010. Just before the end of the year, he took over as Motherwell manager.

English footballers
English football managers
1964 births
Living people
Premier League players
Alistair Murdoch "Ally" McCoist, MBE (; born 24 September 1962 in Bellshill, North Lanarkshire) is a Scottish former professional football player who played as a striker. He is currently manager of Rangers, where he spent fifteen of his twenty-two years as a player. Since retiring, he has also had a secondary career as a television presenter and sports pundit.

McCoist began his career with St Johnstone before moving to Sunderland in 1981. He returned to Scotland two years later and signed with Rangers. At Rangers, McCoist became the club's record goalscorer, netting 355 goals. In addition to this McCoist holds the Rangers records for number of league goals scored, number of Scottish League Cup goals scored and the most goals scored by a player in European competitions with 251, 54 and 21 respectively. McCoist is also third in the all-time appearance table for Rangers, having made 581 appearances for the club.

McCoist is the Scottish top-tier league's all-time leading goalscorer, having netted 291 times for St. Johnstone, Rangers and Kilmarnock between 1979 and 2001.

Scottish footballers
Scottish football managers
British television personalities
Living people
1962 births
North Lanarkshire
David "Davie" Cooper (25 February 1956 – 23 March 1995) was a professional football player. He was a Scotland international and played as a left winger. 

He started his career at Clydebank F.C. where he was an instant success, helping the club to the second division championship in 1975-1976. Some of the major clubs began to take notice of his ability and in 1977 he was signed by Rangers manager Jock Wallace for £100,000. With Rangers, Cooper won three League Championships and three Scottish Cups. By season 1988-1989 he was no longer a first team regular and moved to Motherwell for £50,000. He went on to win the Scottish Cup with Motherwell in 1991 before returning to his former club Clydebank in 1994.

Dutch footballing legend Ruud Gullit played against Davie Cooper in a friendly match for Feyenoord against Rangers, after which he called Cooper one of the greatest players he has ever seen, he later named Cooper in his greatest XI in football magazine Four Four Two 

He died of a brain haemorrhage on 23 March 1995 whilst he was filming a coaching video.

References

1956 births
1995 deaths
Scottish footballers
Daniel Offenbacher(born February 18, 1992 in Scheifling, Austria) is an Austrian football player. He is playing for the Red Bull Juniors, the second team of F.C. Red Bull Salzburg, in the Regionalliga West (3rd level in Austrian football) as midfielder. 2011 he signed a contract for the first team. Currently he is playing on loan with Blau-Weiß Linz in the Second League.

Career
He started playing in his local club SV Scheifling in Styria. 2006 he came to Red Bull Salzburg academy and played in their youth teams. His first professional match was on 16 October 2009 in a match versus FC Wacker Innsbruck for the Red Bull Juniors. His first match in the first squad was exactly one year later when he substituted Ibrahim Sekagya in minute 68 in a league match versus SV Kapfenberg. 2010 he became regular member of the Juniors and played  four times in the first squad. With the second squad he became champion of the Regionalliga West. He also was member of the Austrian team for the FIFA U20 World Cup in 2011.

Honours
Champion of Austrias Regionalliga West 2010/11
Member of the Austrian team for the FIFA U20 World Cup 2011

References

1992 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
People from Styria
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Natalya Vladimirovna Bochkareva (; 25 July 1980) is an Russian stage and movie actress and television presenter.

Biography 
Natalya Vladimirovna Bochkareva was born in Gorky [now Nizhny Novgorod]. Both her parents died, her mother died at age 54 from complications after strokes and her father died at age 52 several years later. She has one sibling, younger sister Nadezhda Bochkareva.

In 2000 she graduated from Nizhny Novgorod Theatre School, and in 2002 from Moscow Art Theatre School.

Career 
She started her career in 1999 when played a small role in movie "Chinese service". Since 2006 she play main role Darya Bukina in TV series "Happy Together". It is an adaptation of series "Married ... With Children".  She has been an actress with the Moscow Art Theatre since 2002.

Since 2010, she also is a television presenter.

Personal life 
On September 28, 2007 she married lawyer Nikolai Borisov. They has a two children, son Ivan Borisov (born on January 4, 2007) and daughter Maria Borisova (born on February 22, 2008). Natalya also has a stepdaughter, Alysa Borisova.

References

1980 births
Living people
Russian stage actors
Russian movie actors
The Nissan Terrano II was a automobile that was made by Nissan Motor Company, introduced in 1993. It was replaced by the Nissan Qashqai in 2006.

Engines 
 2.4 85 kW (116 hp), 87 kW (118 hp) and 91 kW (124 hp)
 2.7 TD 74 kW (100 hp) and 92 kW (125 hp)
 3.0 Di 113 kW (154 hp)

Terrano II
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles

da:Nissan Terrano#Terrano II (R20, 1993−2007)
Asteridae is a Linnaean term with the rank of subclass. By definition it always includes the family Asteraceae (Compositae). However, in the modern APG III system of classification, asterid and euasterid are names for clades. Their member families are similar to those of the Asteridae.

One of the better-known systems that recognized subclass Asteridae was the Cronquist system, which included the orders:

 Gentianales
 Solanales
 Lamiales
 Callitrichales
 Plantaginales
 Scrophulariales
 Campanulales
 Rubiales
 Dipsacales
 Calycerales
 Asterales

Most of the above orders as defined by Cronquist have been dramatically redefined on the basis of recent molecular systematic studies.

References 

Eudicots
Lentibulariaceae is a family of plants, sometimes called the 'bladderwort family'. It only has three genera: Pinguicula, Genlisea, and Utricularia. They are all carnivorous plants (plants which trap and digest insects). They are in the order Lamiales.
Tennant Creek is a small town in the Northern Territory of Australia, about 500 km north of Alice Springs and 1000 km south of Darwin. There are about 3,500 people living in the town. The area is part of the Barkly Tablelands, a large flat grassy plain the size of the United Kingdom, famous for its large cattle stations (farms). The first people to live in the area were the Warramunga people. 

The explorer John McDouall Stuart was the first European to visit the area in 1860, but was attacked by warriors from the Warramunga at Attack Creek. In the battle at the creek, Stuart wrote that they "took steady aim" and fired their guns at the Warramunga, but he does not mention if any were killed or injured. Stuart named Tennant Creek after a John Tennant, of Port Lincoln, South Australia.

A repeater station for the Australian Overland Telegraph Line was built 11 km north of Tennant Creek in 1872.

There was a gold rush to Tennant Creek in 1930, Australia's last gold rush. Mining is still a major activity in the area, with gold, manganese and copper mines. In 2011 the Australian government proposed building a nuclear waste dump near the town despite protests from the traditional Aboriginal land owners. The traditional owners challenged the proposal in the Federal Court in June 2014, and the Northern Land Council dropped its plans.

References

Towns in the Northern Territory
1870s establishments in Australia
Royal Geographical Society (RGS),  also known as the Royal Geographical Society with the Institute of British Geographers (RGS-IBG),<ref>RGS-IBG is an acronym.  RGS stands for Royal Geographical Society and Institute of British G'eographers.</ref> is a British professional society engaged in the moving forward of geographical knowledge.

The current president is Michael Palin.

History
RGS was established in 1830.  The society started as a club where men could talk about geography while eating dinner.

Today the society has become a world centre for geography.  RGS supports research, education, expeditions and fieldwork.

Notable membersThis list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.''
 David Livingstone
 Henry Morton Stanley
 Robert Falcon Scott
 Ernest Shackleton
 John Hunt, Baron Hunt 
 Edmund Hillary
 John George Bartholomew

Related pages 
 List of Royal Societies

References

Other websites
 Royal Geographical Society website 

Organisations based in the United Kingdom
Geography
Geographical
1830 establishments in Europe
1830s establishments in the United Kingdom
Benjamin Herschel Babbage (1815—1878) was an English scientist, engineer and explorer. Babbage was the son of the famous mathematician, Charles Babbage. He went to South Australia to map the geography and the location of minerals.

Babbage was very thorough, and spent a lot of time making sure that his information was correct. He carried a lot of equipment, as well as four and half tonnes of food, enough to last 18 months in the desert. Among his supplies he had 20 kilograms of chocolate and 5000 litres of water. He also took a flock of 150 sheep, which limited the speed the group could move. The government became frustrated with Babbage's slow progress, they wanted to know about possible farm lands and valuable minerals as soon as possible. Eventually Babbage was removed from the job and replaced by Major Peter Warburton.

Babbage later helped on the planning for the Australian Overland Telegraph Line. He was interested in growing grapes and retired to his large vineyard at St.Marys. He died on 20 October 1878, and is buried at St.Marys.

References

1815 births
1878 deaths

Exploration of Australia
People from South Australia
English explorers
The Stuart Highway is one of Australia's major roads. It links Port Augusta, South Australia, with Darwin in the Northern Territory a distance of 2,834 km. It is named after the explorer John McDouall Stuart, and much of the road follows the route he took on his epic journey in 1862. The highway is promoted as a tourist attraction, called the "Explorer's Way". For many years in Australia it was simply known as "The Track". Towns on the highway include Marla, Coober Pedy, Alice Springs, Tennant Creek and Katherine.

References

Other websites
 The Explorer's Way

Roads in Australia
The Gold Coast is a region on the southwestern coast of the U.S. state of Florida. It is between Tequesta and Florida City. It includes the cities of Miami and Fort Lauderdale, as well as West Palm Beach, Boca Raton, and Hollywood.

Geography of Florida
Dipsacaceae, or teasel family, was a family in the order Dipsacales. It contained 350 species of perennial or biennial herbs and shrubs. (Perennial means that a plant lives for two or more years. Biennial means that a plant takes two years to grow fully.) The family contained eleven (11) genera. It is in the family Caprifoliaceae now.

These plants live in most temperate climates. They are found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The family contains these genera:
Acanthocalyx
Dipsacus (teasel)
Knautia
Scabiosa
Succisa (devil's bit)
Succisella
Morina -- also placed in its own family, Morinaceae.
Cephalaria
Pterocephalus
Callistemma
Pycnocomon
Triplostegia

Outside pages
Dipsacaceae of Mongolia in FloraGREIF

Dipsacales
Venda, also called  or , is a Bantu language and an official language of South Africa. Most Venda speakers live in South Africa, but some speakers live in Zimbabwe. The Venda language is very similar to the Kalanga language, which is spoken in Botswana and Zimbabwe. During the Apartheid era of South Africa, Venda speakers lived in the bantustan of Venda.

Venda is a language in the Bantu branch of the Niger-Congo language family.

Venda is spoken by about 666,000 people in the northern part of South Africa's Limpopo Province. Around 84,000 people in Zimbabwe also speak the language.

Writing 
The Venda language uses the Latin alphabet. It has five (5) extra accented letters. Four consonants have a circumflex below the letter (ḓ, ḽ, ṋ, ṱ) and one consonant has an overdot (ṅ). 

The letters C, J, and Q are used when writing foreign words and names.

Unicode 
The extra letters have these Unicode names 
  U+1E12 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW 
  U+1E13 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW 
  U+1E3C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW 
  U+1E3D LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW 
  U+1E44 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE 
  U+1E45 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE 
  U+1E4A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW 
  U+1E4B LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW 
  U+1E70 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW 
  U+1E71 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW

References

Other websites 

Ethnologue entry for Venda
Tshivenda - South African Languages
Batho Portal Welcome page in Venda 
PanAfrican L10n page on Venda

Computer programs 
 Spell checker for OpenOffice.org and Mozilla , OpenOffice.org , Mozilla Firefox web-browser , and Mozilla Thunderbird email program  in Venda
 Translate.org.za  Project to translate Free and Open Source Software into all the official languages of South Africa including Venda
 Keyboard with extra venda characters 

Languages of South Africa
Zimbabwe
Bantu languages
Deinococcus radiodurans is a gram-positive, nonmotile, red-pigmented bacterium. It was originally identified as a contaminant of irradiated canned meat in 1956. 

Deinococcus radiodurans has the systems for DNA repair, DNA damage export and genetic redundancy. It can recover from desiccation (loss of water) and starvation. It has a very high tolerance to radiation forms like gamma radiation.  It is so far known as the most radioactive resistant organism. Thioredoxin reductase is an enzyme found in the cells' response to double-strand DNA breaks.

D. radiodurans has a gene sequence that encodes for a protein that is very similar to the RecD enzyme found in E. coli. This significant finding suggests that this RecD-like protein in D. radiodurans is an important part of the repair system it uses. 

It may be possible to make other bacteria as radiation resistant as D. radiodurans by changing their genetics. One research team in China is trying to insert an expressive recombinant Mn-SOD protein from D. radiodurans into E.coli BL21. The real challenge here is making the protein self-sustaining in the new species. The team has "provided the foundations for further studies and applications of the recombinant Mn-SOD".

Genus 
The genus Deinococcus has 47 species, which share these characteristics. D. radiodurans is the one discovered first, and on which most experiments have been done. All members of the genus are radio-resistant.

References 

Gram-positive bacteria
Extremophiles
Eduard "Edi" Bauer (* 13 February 1894 - 4 March 1948) was an Austrian football player and coach. He played for SK Rapid Wien and the Austrian national football team as striker. He was also coach of the Austrian national football team.

Eduard Bauer died 1948 in duty through complications after an operation.

Honours

Player 
 8 x Austrian Champion: 1912, 1913, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1923
 2 x Austrian Cup: 1919, 1920
 1 x Final Mitropacup: 1928
 2 x Best scorer: 1917, 1918

Coach
 1 x Mitropacup: 1930
 3 x Austrian Champion: 1929, 1930, 1935
 1 x Austrian Cup: 1927

Austrian footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
Austrian football managers
Austria national football team managers
1894 births
1948 deaths
Manuel Luis Quezón y Molina (August 19, 1878 – August 1, 1944) served as president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944. He was the first Filipino to head a government of the Philippines. Quezón is considered by most Filipinos to have been the second president of the Philippines, after Emilio Aguinaldo (1897–1901).

Quezón was the first Senate president elected to the presidency, the first president elected through a national election, and the first president to be re-elected. He is known as the "Father of the National Language".

During his presidency, Quezón tackled the problem of landless peasants in the countryside. He also reorganized the islands's military defenses, planned to reorganize the government, promotion of settlement and development in Mindanao, tried to end foreign control over Philippine trade and commerce, proposals for land reform and the tackling of graft and corruption within the government. Quezón set up a government-in-exile in the US when World War II started and the Philippines were threatened with a Japanese invasion. During his exile in the US, Manuel Quezón died of tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New York.

1878 births
1944 deaths
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Deaths from tuberculosis
Presidents of the Senate of the Philippines
Infectious disease deaths in New York
Majors
Military personnel of World War II
Presidents of the Philippines
Cornish Dialect (also called Anglo-Cornish Dialect) is the dialect of the English language spoken in Cornwall.

History 

A long time ago, people in Cornwall spoke the Cornish language. This is a language similar to Welsh and Breton. After a while, people speaking English came into Cornwall, and the Cornish people started to learn English. They didn't speak in exactly the same way as the people they learned English from, instead they spoke in a distinct way, the Cornish dialect of English. Eventually they forgot how to speak the original Cornish language by about the year 1800.

International use 

Cornish people also spoke Cornish dialect when they went abroad to America and Australia and other places.

Geography 

The Cornish dialect changes between the west and east of Cornwall. In the east, it is more like how people in Devon speak.

Differences between Cornish Dialect and 'proper' English 

Sometimes Cornish people use different words to people who speak 'proper' English. They might also say the words in a different order when they speak Cornish dialect from when they speak 'proper' English, which is a difference in grammar between Cornish dialect and 'proper' English. Other times, they say the same words in a different way using different vowel sounds from 'proper' English.

Decline 
When Cornish people started to go to school in the late 19th century, teachers told them to speak 'proper' English not dialect. A lot of people thought that people who spoke the dialect were not as intelligent and educated as those who spoke 'proper' English, so people spoke the dialect less, and the dialect declined. In the 20th century, a lot of people moved into Cornwall from the south east part of England near London. These people did not speak the Cornish dialect and found it hard to understand Cornish people who spoke it. The Cornish people spoke the dialect less because they did not want people not to be able to understand them.

Preservation
As fewer people spoke the Cornish dialect, other people, such as people in the Old Cornwall Society,  wrote down the dialect, and made audio recordings, so the dialect wouldn't be lost.

Literature
People have written books, short stories, and poetry in Cornish Dialect.

References

Further reading
 M. A. Courtney; T. Q. Couch: Glossary of Words in Use in Cornwall. West Cornwall, by M. A. Courtney; East Cornwall, by T. Q. Couch. London: published for the English Dialect Society, by Trübner & Co., 1880
Pol Hodge: The Cornish Dialect and the Cornish Language. 19 p. Gwinear: Kesva an Taves Kernewek, 1997 
David J. North & Adam Sharpe: A Word-geography of Cornwall. Redruth: Institute of Cornish Studies, 1980 (includes word-maps of Cornish words)
Martyn F. Wakelin: Language and History in Cornwall. Leicester University Press, 1975  (based on the author's thesis, University of Leeds, 1969)

Other websites
Old Cornwall Society dialect webpages 

Cornwall
British English
Cullompton is a town and civil parish in Mid Devon, Devon, England. In 2010 there were 8,639 people living in Cullompton. It is also near Cullompton Services, on the M5 motorway.

How the town got its name and spelling 
There are two ideas about how the town got its name. The first idea is that its name means farm near the River Culm and that the name Culm means twisted, because the river has lots of bends  The second idea is that it is named after Saint Columba of Tir-de-Glas who some people think came to Cullompton in 549 AD.

In the past there were 40 different ways to spell Cullompton. In the nineteenth century people used 3 different spellings. The Royal Mail who delivered letters, spelt it Cullompton. The first map made by the Ordnance Survey called it Cullumpton. The railway station sign said Collumpton. By 1889 almost everyone agreed to spell it Cullompton. 

People who live in the town and like it call it Cully.

History 
A Roman fort was built on St Andrew's Hill above the town. This was later replaced by a second fort. Pottery which was made between 50 and 70 AD was found in the field where the forts were. Some more pottery was found in the middle of Cullompton. This was not as old as the pottery from the fort and was made in the second and third centuries.

The first written record of Cullompton is in the will of the English King Alfred the Great.

Other websites 
 http://www.cullompton.org/

References 

Civil parishes in Devon
Towns in Devon
Mid Devon
Antlers are usually large, branching structures, made of bone, which grow on the heads of deer and similar animals.

With deer, only males have antlers. Only reindeer (caribou) have antlers on the females, and these are normally smaller than those of the males.

Growth of antlers 
While an antler is growing, it is covered with highly vascular skin called velvet, which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the growing bone.  

Antlers are one of the most striking cases of male secondary sex characteristics in the animal kingdom. They grow faster than any other mammal bones.  Growth occurs at the tip, and is initially cartilage, which is mineralized to become bone. Once the antler has achieved its full size, the velvet is lost and the antler's bone dies. This dead bone structure is the mature antler. The antlers fall off at some point. 

To re-grow antlers each year uses up nutrition, so they are honest signals of food gathering capability.

Sexual selection
The principle means of evolution of antlers is sexual selection, which operates by two mechanisms: Male–male competition (behaviorally, physiologically) and female mate choice. 

Male–male competition can take place in two forms. First, they can compete when males use their antlers as weapons to compete for mates; second, they can compete where males present their antlers to display their strength and fertility. Males with the largest antlers are more likely to obtain mates and achieve fertilization success.

Related pages
Horn (anatomy), a structure similar to antlers, but made of keratin instead of bone

References 

Animal anatomy
Citroën is automobile manufacturer based in France. André-Gustave Citroën started the company in 1919 and it became the first mass-production automobile company outside the USA. Citroën was the first to create a sales and services network that goes with the automobile.

Innovations 
Citroën were innovators in automobile design. Their Traction Avant (pictured) had the first mass production of three revolutionary features that are still in use today. They are: a unitary body with no separate frame, four-wheel independent suspension, and front-wheel drive.

Later on, in the 1950s, Citroën developed a remarkable type of suspension. A high-pressure hydraulic system was used in over 9 million Citroën cars. They included the DS, SM, GS, CX, BX, XM, Xantia, C5, and C6. Self-levelling is the principal benefit – the car kept a constant ride height above the road. It adjusted to the passenger and cargo load, and gave a  very soft suspension. This type of suspension smooths out road irregularities without disturbing the occupants. It is often compared to riding on a 'magic carpet' for this reason.

Models
 Citroën Berlingo
 Citroën AX
 Citroën BX
 Citroën C5
 Citroën C6
 Citroën Evasion
 Citroën Jumper
 Citroën Saxo
 Citroën Xantia
 Citroën XM
 Citroën Xsara

References 

Automobile companies of France
1919 establishments in France
A stove is an enclosed heated space. The word is usually taken to mean an enclosed space in which fuel is burned to provide heating, either to heat the space in which the stove is found or to heat the stove itself, and anything placed on it. This article is principally concerned with enclosed stoves burning solid fuels for room heating.

Kitchen stove

A kitchen stove is a kitchen appliance designed for cooking food. Kitchen stoves rely on the application of direct heat for the cooking process and may also contain an oven underneath it which is used for baking.

Cooking appliances

de:Wärmegerät
A kitchen stove, cooking stove, cookstove, or cooker is a kitchen appliance designed for cooking food. 

Stoves use direct heat for cooking and have an oven for baking. The design uses wood, coke or anthracite for fuel. The basic idea is that the stove completely encloses the fire inside its iron body. There are still many traditional stoves made, which burn wood or solid fuel. Many also have back boilers for domestic heating.

Gas stoves are different, because they have open flames on top of the stove, whereas the original stoves have hidden flames. Modern gas stoves were developed already in the 1820s, but these were isolated experiments. At the Great Exhibition in London in 1851, a gas stove was shown, but only in the 1880s did this technology start to become a commercial success. The main factor in this delay was the slow growth of the gas pipe network. Gas and electric stoves have largely replaced solid fuel stoves.

Related pages 
AGA cooker

References 

Cooking appliances
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that causes many drug-resistant diseases acquired in hospitals. It uses a wide range of organic material for food; in animals, the versatility enables the organism to infect damaged tissues or people with reduced immunity.

Gram-negative bacteria
Bray is a village and civil parish in Windsor and Maidenhead, Berkshire, England. In 2001 there were 8,425 people living in Bray.

References 

Villages in Berkshire
Civil parishes in Berkshire
Windsor and Maidenhead
Cooper Creek (formerly Cooper's Creek) () is one of the most famous rivers in Australia. It is sometimes called the Barcoo River after one of its tributaries. It is one of three major Queensland river systems that flow into Lake Eyre. The water flow in Cooper Creek comes from monsoonal rains falling months earlier and many hundreds of kilometres away in eastern Queensland. At  in length it is the second longest inland river system in Australia after the Murray-Darling system.

History

Charles Sturt named the river in 1845 after Charles Cooper, the Chief Justice of South Australia. The explorers Burke and Wills died from starvation in 1861 on the banks of Cooper Creek. John King survived the expedition with help from the Aborigines. Only ten years after the explorers' deaths, homesteads were being built along the creek. A station (farm) at Innamincka was the first permanent settlement in the area.

By 1880 the reliable water source had attracted many settlers. The whole area was taken up and stocked with cattle. This pushed the local Aborigines from their traditional lands. By 1900 their population was just 30, only 10% of the original number, as influenza and measles took their toll.

Course
The creek starts west of the Great Dividing Range as two rivers, the Thomson from near Longreach and Charters Towers, and the Barcoo in the area around Barcaldine, about  inland from Rockhampton. 

Cooper Creek spreads out into a vast area of channels, making its way south into the far south-west corner of Queensland before turning west into South Australia towards Lake Eyre. In most years, the water soaks into the earth, fills channels and waterholes, or simply evaporates without reaching Lake Eyre. In very wet years, however, it can flood the entire Channel Country and reach Lake Eyre after flowing through the Strzelecki Desert, Sturt Stony Desert and the Tirari Desert. Although the Cooper carries much more water than the Diamantina and the Georgina, it does not flow into Lake Eyre as often as those rivers. One reason is that much more water is lost than with the Diamantina or Georgina. During a flood Cooper Creek may be as wide as .

Land use
Most of the land around the Cooper is used for sheep and cattle grazing on natural grasslands. The rainfall is not reliable enough to grow crops. The soils are quite fertile, though generally heavy in texture and often crack when they dry out.

Related pages
List of rivers of Australia

References

Other websites 
 Aerial Video of the Cooper Creek at Innamincka
 Australian Society for Limnology 
 Primary Industries and Resources SA - Cooper and Diamantina 
 Floods of Lake Eyre 
 Gerald Nanson Channel Country 
 Department of the Environment and Heritage 

Rivers of South Australia
Geography of Queensland
Ethan Green Hawke (born November 6, 1970 in Austin, Texas) is an American actor, writer and director. Hawke made his big screen debut in the 1985 movie Explorers. Hawke was formally married to actress Uma Thurman from 1998 to 2004 and is currently married to Ryan Shawhughes.

Movies
 Explorers as Ben Crandall (1985)
 Lion's Den as Unnamed (1988)
 Dead Poets Society as Todd Anderson (1989)
 Dad as Billy Tremont (1989)
 White Fang as Jack Conroy (1991)
 Mystery Date as Tom McHugh (1991)
 Waterland as Mathew Price (1992)
 A Midnight Clear as Albert (1992)
 Rich in Love as Sergeant Roger Murtaugh (1993)
 Alive as Nando Parrado (1993)
 Reality Bites as Troy Dyer (1994)
 Quiz Show as Don Quixote Student (1994) (uncredited)
 Floundering as Jimmy (1994)
 Before Sunrise as Jesse Wallace (1995)
 Search and Destroy as Roger (1995)
 Gattaca as Vincent Anton Freeman/Jerome Morrow (1997)
 Great Expectations as Finnegan 'Finn' Bell (1998)
 The Newton Boys as Jess Newton (1998)
 The Velocity of Gary as Nat (1999)
 Joe the King as Len Coles (1999)
 Snow Falling on Cedars as Ishmael Chambers (1999)
 Hamlet as Hamlet (2000)
 Waking Life as Jesse Wallace (2001)
 Tape as Vince (2001)
 Training Day as Jake Hoyt (2001)
 Chelsea Walls as Sam (voice) (2002) (uncredited)
 The Jimmy Show as Ray (2002)
 Alias as CIA Agent James L. Lennox (2003)
 Taking Lives as James Costa/Martin Asher (2004)
 Before Sunset as Jesse Wallace (2004)
 Assault on Precinct 13 as Sergeant Jake Roenick (2005)
 Lord of War as Agent Jack Valentine (2005)
 One Last Thing... as Earl Jameison (2006)
 The Hottest State as Vince (2006)
 Fast Food Nation as Pete (2006)
 Before the Devil Knows You're Dead as Hank Hanson (2007)
 What Doesn't Kill You as Paulie McDougan (2008)
 New York, I Love You as Writer (2009)
 Staten Island as Sully Halverson (2009)
 Daybreakers as Edward Dalton (2010)
 Brooklyn's Finest as Detective Salvatore "Sal" Procida (2010)
 Tonight at Noon as Lefty (2010)
 Boyhood as Dad (2013)

Other websites
 Ethan Hawke at the Internet Movie Database

1970 births
Living people
Actors from Austin, Texas
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Movie directors from Texas
Snow Falling on Cedars is an 1999 drama movie that was produced by Ron Bass
Kathleen Kennedy, Frank Marshall and Harry J. Ufland and was directed by Scott Hicks. Snow Falling on Cedars was released on December 22, 1999 in North America. The movie received a 40% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 44 out of 100 from Metacritic. The movie was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography.

Cast 
 Ethan Hawke as Ishmael Chambers
 Reeve Carney as Young Ishmael Chambers
 James Cromwell as Judge Fielding
 Richard Jenkins as Sheriff Art Moran
 James Rebhorn as Alvin Hooks
 Sam Shepard as Arthur Chambers
 Max von Sydow as Nels Gudmundsson
 Youki Kudoh as Hatsue Miyamoto
 Anne Suzuki as Young Hatsue Imada
 Rick Yune as Kabuo Miyamoto
 Seiji Inouye as Young Kabuo Miyamoto
 Celia Weston as Etta Heine

Other websites 
Snow Falling on Cedars Official website 
 
 

1999 drama movies
English-language movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Scott Hicks
Universal Pictures movies
An uncountable set is an infinite set that is impossible to count.  If we try to count the elements, we will always skip some. It does not matter what size step we take. The set of real numbers, often written as , is an uncountable set. There are many other uncountable sets, such as the interval .  An uncountable set is bigger than an infinite countable set.  We know that because Georg Cantor proved it. He showed that any list of numbers is not complete. This is true even if the list is infinite.

Related pages 

 Cantor's diagonal argument
 Cantor set

References 

Set theory

ru:Счётное множество#Связанные понятия
Dietmar "Didi" Kühbauer (born 4 April 1971) is a former Austrian footballer. He played as midfielder. Kühbauer played also in the Austrian national football team. At the moment he works as coach of FC Admira Wacker Mödling.

Career
He made his Bundesliga debut for Admira Wacker in 1987 at the age of 16. 1992 he went on to SK Rapid Wien. With this club he won one champion title and one Austrian cup. With Rapid he also played in the 1996 UEFA Cup Winners Cup Final against Paris St. Germain in Brussels. By the fans of SK Rapid he was elected into Rapids team of the century.He played five years abroad, 3 years for Real Sociedad in Spain and two years in the German Bundesliga for VfL Wolfsburg. Then he came back to Austria  and played the last years for his youth team SV Mattersburg.

Dietmar Kühbauer played also 55 matches for the Austrian national football team and scored 5 goals. His debut was in May 1992 in a friendly match versus Poland.  He was member of the Austrian team for the FIFA World Cup 1998 and played two matches versus Italy and Chile. His final match was in September 2005 also against Poland in a qualifing match for the FIFA World Cup 2006.

Coaching career
He started as coach of the second team of VfB Admira Wacker Mödling. In 2010 he became manager of the first squad which reached the title in the First league and was promoted to the Austrian Bundesliga. In his first year he reached the 3rd place. Then he went on to the Bundesliga team Wolfsberger AC. In his first season he reched the 5th place. The next season Wolfsberg was after 16 rounds the last team in the table and the contract was dissolved. 2018 he became coach of SKN St. Pölten after the half of the season he went on to SK Rapid Wien where he was also player. In 2021 his contract was dissolved.

Honours

Player
Austrian Football Bundesliga (1):
 1996
Austrian Cup (1):
 1995
UEFA Cup Winners Cup Final
 1996
 Member of the Austrian Squad FIFA World Cup:
1998
 Rapid-Team of the century

Coach
Austrian Football First League :
2011

Other websites 
Dietmar Kühbauer Rapid Archiv 

1971 births
Austrian footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
Austrian football managers
Living people
SK Rapid Wien managers
FC Admira Wacker Mödling managers
Wolfsberger AC managers
Young Adam is a 2003 British crime drama movie. The cast for this movie are Ewan McGregor, Tilda Swinton Peter Mullan and Emily Mortimer. The screenplay for this movie is based on the 1954 novel of the same name. This movie is set in Scotland in 1954. Young Adam is rated NC-17 due to sexual content.

Other websites 

2003 crime movies
2003 drama movies
2000s crime drama movies
British crime drama movies
English-language movies
Film noir
Movies based on books
Movies set in Scotland
Movies set in the 1950s
NC-17 rated movies
The 2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot was a riot that took place on June 15, 2011 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

The riot took place after the Boston Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in Game 7 of the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals. It happened immediately after the Bruins defeated the Canucks. There were at least 140 people that were reported as being injured in the incident, one critically and at least four people were stabbed. Close to 100 people were arrested.

People were angry over the result of the final game and threw objects at the large screens that were at the viewing area. They set fire to Boston Bruins flags, overturned and set fire to two vehicles in front of the main Canada Post headquarters. There were reports of similar car fires in a nearby parking garage that included two police cruisers. The rioters smashed windows and looted stores. The riot ended around midnight when people in the crowd either went home or were arrested. The mayor of Vancouver, Gregor Robertson, called the rioters "a small group of troublemakers". Several of the participants in the riot turned themselves in to the police after their faces were shown on TV, including the person responsible for setting the first car on fire. According to CBC News, the destruction caused by the rioters was worse than the riot that followed the Canucks loss in Game 7 of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals, especially the looting aspect.

References 

2011 crimes
2011 in Canada
2011 in ice hockey
2010s riots
Arson
Crime in Canada
June events

Vancouver Canucks
Hermann Stadler (born 21 May 1961) is a former Austrian footballer. He is at the moment coach of the U 19 national team.

Career
Hermann Stadler started playing football in his local club Oberndorfer SK. His professional career started in 1979, when he came to SV Austria Salzburg. 1983 he went, together with his friend Leo Lainer, to SK Rapid Wien. But in Vienna he did not play often, so he left the club and played a short time for SK VOEST Linz. Then he went back to SV Salzburg into the second league.

With Salzburg he had his most successful time as player becoming two times Champion and reaching the UEFA Cup final versus Inter Mailand. His career ended in 1996 after 380 league matches (323 for Salzburg, 48 for Rapid, 9 for VOEST Linz) and 38 goals (36 for Salzburg, 2 for Rapid)

Coach
He began in different positions mainly in the youth department with SV Austria Salzburg. Now he is coach of Austrias U 19 national team.

Honours
 Austrian Champion
3 x: 1987 (with SK Rapid Wien), 1994, 1995 (with SV Austria Salzburg)

 Austrian Cup
3 x: 1984, 1985, 1987 (with SK Rapid Wien)

 Final European Cup winner Cup
1 x: 1985 (with SK Rapid Wien)

 UEFA-Cup-Final
1 x 1994

1961 births
Austrian footballers
Austrian football managers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Living people
Soham is a town and civil parish in East Cambridgeshire, Cambridgeshire, England. In 2001 there were 9,102 people living in Soham.

References 

Civil parishes in Cambridgeshire
Towns in Cambridgeshire
The Tanami Desert is a desert in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is rocky with small hills, an arid and isolated area that was not fully explored until well into the twentieth century. It is crossed by the Tanami Track. The explorer John McDouall Stuart made repeated attempts to cross the desert in the 1860's while trying to reach the Victoria River. He was unable to find water.

Under the name Tanami, it is one of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) regions. The desert is uniquely "one of the most important biological areas to be found in Australia particularly as it provides refuge for several of Australia's rare and endangered species." 

The species that are found include:
Western Chestnut Mouse (Pseudomys nanus)
Little Native Mouse (Pseudomys delicatulus)
Long-tailed Planigale (Planigale ingrami)

Significant bird species include: 
Grey Falcon (Falco hypoleucos)
Australian Painted Snipe (Rostratula australis)
Freckled duck (Stictonetta naevosa)

Indigenous people
The Tanami Desert is home to the Kukatja and Walpiri people. The Tjurabalan live at the edge of the desert.

References

 Kelly, Kieran, (2003)  Tanami : on foot across Australia's desert heart Sydney : Pan Macmillan Australia, 2003. 
 Thackway, R and I D Cresswell (1995) An interim biogeographic regionalisation for Australia : a framework for setting priorities in the National Reserves System Cooperative Program Version 4.0 Canberra : Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Reserve Systems Unit, 1995.

Other websites
 http://www.nt.gov.au/nreta/environment/conservation/pdf/43_swtanami.pdf 
 http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/publications/series/paper4/tan.html Australian government paper on environmental conditions.

Deserts of Australia
Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Leichardt (1813—1848) was a German naturalist and explorer who explored the north of Australia. In 1844 Leichhardt led a small group from Moreton Bay in the south east corner of Queensland west to Port Essington in the Northern Territory. This was a trip of 4,828 km. They returned to Sydney by boat. He was presented with the Patrons Gold Medal by the Royal Geographical Society in London.

In 1848 he set out to cross the continent from east to west. He believed he could go north around the deserts to the coast of Western Australia, and then follow the coast south to the Swan River. After leaving the Darling Downs, Leichhardt's group disappeared. Many people searched, and there were stories about marked trees, or found items, but nothing was proved. 

In 2006 a small piece of brass with Leichhardt's name on it proved to be a genuine item from the explorer. It had been found in 1900 by an Aboriginal stockman in Western Australia, close to the Northern Territory border, in the area between the Great Sandy Desert and the Tanami Desert.

References

1813 births
1848 deaths
Exploration of Australia
Australian explorers
Missing people
German people