cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
There are 3 arrondissements in the Vienne department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs).  The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Vienne are:

History
Since its creation, the Vienne department has had some changes:
 1790 : creation of the Vienne department with six districts: Châtellerault, Civray, Loudun, Lusignan, Montmorillon and Poitiers. Poitiers was the capital of the department.
 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Châtellerault, Civray, Loudun, Montmorillon and Poitiers; Lusignan was left out.
 1926 : the arrondissements Civray and Loudun were eliminated.

References

Related pages
Arrondissement of Châtellerault
Arrondissement of Montmorillon
Arrondissement of Poitiers
List of arrondissements of France

Vienne
Ozan Tufan (born 23 March 1995) is a Turkish football player. He plays for Fenerbahçe and Turkey national team.

Club career statistics

1995 births
Living people
Turkish footballers
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Ashton Gate Stadium is the home of Bristol City F.C. and the Bristol Bears RFC.
Its capacity is 27,000. The ground was renovated in 2014 which increased the number of seats by 6000.

Football stadiums in England
Bristol
Montmorillon is a commune in the Vienne department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, in central-western France. The clay mineral montmorillonite (a silicate) was named after Montmorillon when it was discovered there in 1847.

It is one of the two subprefectures of the Vienne department and the capital of the canton of Montmorillon.

Montmorillon is well known for its macarons, and has a museum dedicated to it.

Geography
Montmorillon is along the Gartempe river. The city is at  to the southeast of Poitiers and at  to the nortwest of Limoges.

It has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The communes that are around Montmorillon are Saulgé, Jouhet, Sillars, Journet, Saint-Léomer, Bourg-Archambault, Lathus-Saint-Rémy and Pindray.

Climate
The climate of Montmorillon, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Population
The inhabitants of Montmorillon are known, in French, as Montmorillonnais (women: Montmorillonnaises).

With a population of 6,155, Confolens has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Montmorillon

Administration
Montmorillon is a subprefecture of the Vienne department since 1800. It is also the capital of the canton of Montmorillon.

People from Montmorillon
Étienne de Vignolles, called La Hire (1390-1443), French military commander during the Hundred Years' War
Paul de Ladmirault (1808-1898) French general and senator,
Joseph Carré (1870-1941), architect
Régine Deforges (1935-2014), novelist 
Simon Pagenaud (1984-), Champion Indycar Driver

Twin cities

Montmorillon is a twin town of:
  Wadern, Germany, since 1968
  Medina del Campo, Spain, since 1994
  Safané, Burkina Faso, since 1997
  Gościno, Poland, since 2003
  Putna, Romania, since 2013

Montmorillon is also partner withː
  Guildford, United Kingdom, since 1964

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Montmorillon
 Communes of the Vienne department

References

Other websites

 Ville de Montmorillon - official website 
 Office or Tourisme website 

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Vienne
The following is a list of cities in Azerbaijan that have undergone a name change in the recent past:

Mardakert → Ağdərə (1991)
Aşağı Ağcakənd → Şaumyanovsk (1938) → Aşağı Ağcakənd (1990)
Astraxan-Bazar → Cəlilabad (1967)
Beyləqan → Zhdanov (1939) → Beyləqan (1991)
Biləsuvar → Puşkino (1938) → Biləsuvar (1991)
Dəvəçi → Şabran (2010)
Duvannı → Sanqaçal
Gəncə → Elisabethpol (1805) → Gəncə (1918) → Kirovabad (1935) → Gəncə (1989)
Goranboy → Qasım-İsmayılov (1938) → Goranboy (1990)
Helenendorf → Yelenino → Xanlar (1938) → Göygöl (2008)
Karyagino → Füzuli (1959)
Krasnaya Sloboda → Qırmızı Qəsəbə (1991)
Xonaşen → Martuni → Xocavənd (1991)
Noraşen → İliç[evsk] → Şərur (1991)
Petropavlovka → Petropavlovsk → Sabirabad (1931)
Port-Ilich → Liman (1999)
Prishib → Göytəpə
Qutqaşen → Qəbələ (1991)
Qazı-Məmməd → Hacıqabul
Şəki → Nuxa (1840) → Şəki (1968)
Şəmkir → Şamxor → Şəmkir (1991)
Tərtər → Mir-Bəşir (1949) → Tərtər (1991)
Traubenfeld → Vinogradnoe Pole → Tovuz
Vartaşen → Oğuz (1991)
Xankəndi → Stepanakert (1923) → Xankəndi (1991)
Yelizavetinka → Lüksemburq → Ağstafa (1939)
Yeni Şamaxı → Ağsu
Zubovka → Əli-Bayramlı (1938) → Şirvan (2008)
Pirçivan → Zəngilan (1957)

Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan-related lists
Azerbaijan
The Gartempe is a French river that flows through the Nouvelle-Aquitaine and Centre-Val de Loire regions.

It rises in the Massif Central and flows into the Creuse river, as a left tributary, in the Vienne department.

Geography
The Gartempe river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Course
The Gartempe river starts in western Massif Central, near the hamlet of Pétillat in the commune of Peyrabout, Creuse department,  at an elevation of about . From here, it generally flows to the northwest.

Finally, the river flows into the Creuse river in La Roche-Posay (Vienne department, on the left side) and Yzeures-sur-Creuse (Indre-et-Loire department, on the right side).

The Gartempe flows through 5 departments and 46 communes, in 2 regions:
 Centre-Val de Loire region
 Indre: Néons-sur-Creuse
 Indre-et-Loire: Yzeures-sur-Creuse
 Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
 Creuse: Peyrabout, Le Grand-Bourg
 Haute-Vienne: Châteauponsac, Rancon
 Vienne: Montmorillon, Saint-Savin, La Roche-Posay

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Gartempe river are:

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 Banque Hydro - Station L5411810 - La Gartempe à Montmorillon  
 Bassin versant de la Gartempe 
 Syndicat intercommunal d'aménagement de la Gartempe (SIAG) 

Rivers of France
Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Centre-Val de Loire
Safnern is a municipality of the administrative district Biel/Bienne in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Safnern 

Municipalities of Bern
Saicourt is a municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

Villages
Le Fuet, Bellelay, La Bottiere and Montbautier.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Bern
Saint-Imier is a municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

Saint-Imier is the hometown of the Longines watchmaking company. The Breitling watchmaking company was founded in Saint-Imier, but moved to Grenchen, Canton of Solothurn.

References

Other websites

 Official website of the municipality of Saint-Imier 

Municipalities of Bern
Saules is a municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Saxeten is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Schalunen was a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Schalunen, Büren zum Hof, Etzelkofen, Grafenried, Limpach, Mülchi and Zauggenried merged into the municipality of Fraubrunnen.

Former municipalities of Bern
Schangnau is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Bern
Schattenhalb is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Schattenhalb 

Municipalities of Bern
Schelten () is a municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. This is one of two German speaking cities in the majority French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois). The other is Seehof.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Colgan Air Flight 3407 was a passenger flight from Newark to Buffalo, the plane was a Bombardier Dash 8 with 49 people on board. On February 12, 2009 the plane stalled and crashed into a house in Clarence Center. Everyone on board the flight died as well as one man on the ground.

2009 in New York (state)
2009 aviation disasters
Aviation disasters in the United States
February 2009 events
The Metonic cycle is a period of about 19 years used in astronomy and calendar studies. In particular, it is often used in the structure of lunisolar calendars, because 19 solar years is almost exactly the same length of time as 235 lunar months.

History
The Metonic cycle is named for the astronomer Meton of Athens, who used the cycle in the calendar of Attica in the 5th century BCE. But it was used in the calendar of many ancient cultures, including Babylonia and China, before then.

Using the Metonic cycle in a calendar
Nineteen years of 12 lunar months each would last a total of  lunar months. But from astronomy we know that 19 solar years are the same length as  lunar months. So over 19 years,  extra lunar months need to be added to make the years line up correctly. Adding a thirteenth month in a year is called intercalation. There are different ways to do it:
 The ancient Babylonian calendar and the modern Hebrew (Jewish) calendar add an extra month just before the spring equinox on a regular schedule of years:  years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 19 of each 19-year cycle
 The modern Chinese calendar, and other Asian calendars that follow it, use a calculation of solar periods and moon phases to decide when to add the extra month
 Other cultures use observation—for example, seeing if a crop is ripe—to decide when to add an extra month. The calculation of the date of Easter uses the astronomical observation of the spring equinox to determine whether the following Easter will come 12 or 13 lunar months after the last one.

Metonic cycle and eclipses
A Metonic cycle is close to the length of 20 eclipse years. For that reason, some eclipses repeat for a time at 19-year intervals.

External websites
 Eclipses, Cosmic Clockwork of the Ancients
 Metonic Cycle
 Metonic Moon 
Astronomy
Calendars
Shahidul Alam (born 1955) is a photographer and blogger from Bangladesh. Alam was born in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 1955.

Alam received a PhD in chemistry from London University, then he decided to study photography.  He started the Drik Agency, the Bangladesh Photographic Institute, and Pathshala, the South Asian Institute of Photography; which National Geographic calls "one of the finest schools of photography in the world".

Photography shows 

Alam's work has been in many galleries, including MoMA in New York, the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, the Royal Albert Hall in London and The Museum of Contemporary Arts in Tehran. Special shows include:

New York Times review of “Crossfire” about murders by Bangladesh's Rapid Action Battalion.
Review of “Kalpana’s Warriors” at Gallery Art and Aesthetic, Delhi, about Kalpana Chakma, a human-rights activist from the Hill Women's Federation who disappeared.

Awards 

Alam received many awards for photography, including the Mother Jones and the Andrea Frank Awards.

References 

1955 births
Bangladeshi people
Bangladeshi bloggers
Photographers
Living people
CPJ International Press Freedom Award winners
Nazimuddin Samad (Bengali:নাজিমুদ্দিন সামাদ)(c. 1988 - April 6, 2016) was a law student, activist, and blogger from Sylhet in Bangladesh. He was a student at Jagannath University in Dhaka.  On April 6, three or four young men killed him with machetes and shot him in the head.

Samad was a member of the ‘Sylhet Bangabanghu National Youth Parishad’. He was also an activist in Ganajagaran Mancha, for bloggers.  He spoke against religious fundamentalism.

Samad received many threats.  His name was on an Islamist list of 84 bloggers in Bangladesh in 2013.  A local al-Qaeda group said they killed him.

References  

Bangladeshi people
2016 deaths
Bangladeshi bloggers
Ahmed Rajib Haider (Bengali: আহমেদ রাজীব হায়দার)(? - Feb. 15, 2013) was an architect and blogger from Bangladesh. Haider was killed on February 15, 2013. More than 100,000 people attended his funeral in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. 

Haider organized protests against war criminals from the 1971 war.  He also spoke against the fundamentalist Islamist political party Jamaat-e-Islami.
The protests started on February 5, and continued for 12 days.  A group of bloggers stated the protests.   They protested against a verdict by the special war tribunal that sent Abdul Quader Mollah, a Jamaat leader, to prison.  Mollah was convicted of murder, rape and torture. The protesters wanted the death sentence.  

In December 2015, two students were sentenced to death for killing Haider. Police said the students got their ideas from Jashim Uddin Rahmani, the leader of a mosque in Dhaka, who said it was legal to kill bloggers.

References  

Bangladeshi bloggers
2013 deaths
The Creuse () is a river in western France that flows through the Nouvelle-Aquitaine and Centre-Val de Loire regions.

It rises in the Massif Central and flows into the Vienne river, as a right tributary.

Geography
The Creuse river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Leugny, Vienne.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Leugny

Course
The Creuse river starts in the Plateau de Millevaches, a north-western extension of the Massif Central, in the commune of Le Mas-d'Artige, Creuse department,  at an elevation of about . From here, it generally flows to the northwest.

Finally, the river flows into the Vienne river, on the right side, in the place known as Bec des Deux Eaux in the communes Port-de-Piles (Vienne), Ports and Nouâtre (Indre-et-Loire).

The Creuse flows through 5 departments and 80 communes, in 2 regions; some of the communes are:
 Centre-Val de Loire region
 Indre: Argenton-sur-Creuse, Le Blanc
 Indre-et-Loire: Yzeures-sur-Creuse, Descartes
 Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
 Creuse (named after the river): Aubusson
 Vienne: La Roche-Posay

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Creuse river are:

Left tributaries:
 Sédelle - 37.6 km
 Gartempe - 204.6

Right tributaries:
 Rozeille - 34.2 km
 Petite Creuse - 95.1 km
 Bouzanne - 84.2 km
 Suin - 36.5 km

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 Banque Hydro - Station L6020710 - La Creuse à Leugny  

Rivers of France
Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Centre-Val de Loire
Hapoel Be'er Sheva Football Club (Hebrew: מועדון הכדורגל הפועל באר שבע‎‎, Moadon HaKaduregel Hapoel Be'er Sheva) is a professional association football club that is from Beersheba, Israel. The club currently plays in the Israeli Premier League, and has been one of the best Israeli clubs since the 1970's. Hapoel Be'er Sheva was founded in 1949.

The team's colours are red and white. They play their home games at the Turner Stadium (which can hold around 16,000 people). The clubs first game was against a team made up of mostly South American players and was from southern Israel. They won that game 5-4.

Honours
 Premier League:
 Winners (3): 1974–75, 1975–76, 2015–16
 Runners-up (1): 2013–14
 State Cup:
 Winners (1): 1996–97
 Runners-up (3): 1983–84, 2002–03, 2014–15
 Toto Cup: 
 Winners (2): 1988–89, 1995–96
 Runners-up (2): 1985–86, 2012–13
 Super Cup: 
 Winners (1): 1975
 Runners-up (1): 1976
 Lilian Cup:
 Winners (1): 1988
 Runners-up (2): 1982, 1983
 Second League:
 Winners (3): 1964–65, 1970–71, 1999–00
 Toto Cup Second League:
 Winners (1): 2008–09
 Runners-up (1): 2005–06
 Super Cup Second League:
 Winners (1): 1970–71

References

Other websites 
Hapoel Be'er Sheva  Israel Football Association

Israeli football clubs
1949 establishments in Asia
1940s establishments in Israel
FK Vardar (Macedonian: ФК Вардар; usually just called Vardar) is a professional association football club from Skopje, North Macedonia. The club was founded in 1947and have played in every Macedonian First Football League saeson since it's creation. The club was named after the Vardar river (which runs right through the middle of Macedonia and ends at the Thermaic Gulf in Greece). FK Vardar is the most successful Macedonian team, winning 9 national championships and 5 national cups.

Honours

League
 Yugoslav Second League:
Winners (6): 1951, 1956, 1960, 1963, 1971, 1979
Runners-up (1): 1991

 Macedonian First League:
Winners (9): 1993, 1994, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016
Runners-up (2): 2001, 2005

Cup
 Yugoslav Cup:
Winners (1): 1961

 Macedonian Football Cup:
Winners (5): 1993, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2007
Runners-up (1): 1996

 Macedonian Super Cup:
Winners (2): 2013, 2015

 Macedonian Republic Cup:
Winners (12): 1955, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1979, 1980, 1992

International
Mitropa Cup:
Semi-finalists (1): 1968
Round of 16 (2):  1969, 1970

Balkans Cup:
Runners-up (2): 1972, 1974

Other tournaments
Vuko Karov Tournament:
Winners (3): 1993, 2001, 2006
Runners-up (1): 2011

References

Other websites 

Official website  (Macedonian)

Supporters Website  (Macedonian)

1947 establishments in Europe
Football clubs
Sport in North Macedonia
Skopje
The Lincoln Red Imps Football Club is a semi-professional association football club from Gibraltar. They currently play in the Gibraltar Premier Division and share the Victoria Stadium with all other clubs in the territory. They have won 22 league titles and 17 cup titles. The football club was first formed in 1976 by Charles Polson and Charles Head.

Honours 
Gibraltar Football League: 22
 1984–85, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 2000-01, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16

Rock Cup: 17
 1985–86, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1992–93, 1993–94, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16

Gibraltar League Senior Cup: 18
 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1999–00, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2013–14

References

Other websites 

 Official website
Lincoln Red Imps F.C. Twitter account
UEFA profile

Football clubs
Gibraltar
1976 establishments in Europe
The Vienne () is one of the most important rivers in southwestern France, a main left tributary of the lower Loire river. It supports numerous hydroelectric dams.

It flows through the Nouvelle-Aquitaine and Centre-Val de Loire regions, and two French départements are named after the Vienne: the Haute-Vienne (87) and the Vienne (86).

Geography
The Vienne river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Course
The Vienne river starts in the department of the Corrèze, at the foot of Mont Audouze, on the Plateau de Millevaches, in the commune of Millevaches, at an elevation of about .

It then flows roughly west to the city of Limoges where its water was used in the famous Limoges porcelain industry. A little way after Limoges it takes a turn to the north.

Finally, the river flows into the Loire river, on the left side, in the commune Candes-Saint-Martin.

The Vienne flows through 6 departments and 96 communes, in 2 regions:
 Centre-Val de Loire region
 Indre-et-Loire: Chinon, Candes-Saint-Martin
 Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
 Corrèze: Peyrelevade
 Creuse
 Haute-Vienne: Rempnat, Eymoutiers, Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat, Limoges, Aixe-sur-Vienne, Saint-Junien
 Charente: Confolens
 Vienne: Chauvigny, Châtellerault

The Vienne flows through three regional nature parks: Parc naturel régional de Millevaches en Limousin, Parc naturel régional Périgord Limousin and Parc naturel régional Loire-Anjou-Touraine.

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Vienne river are:

Left tributaries:
 Combade - 41 km
 Briance - 57.7 km
 Clain - 144.3 km
 Aixette - 27.1 km

Right tributaries:
 Maulde - 68.5 km
 Taurion - 107.5 km
 Aurence - 27.3 km
 Glane - 41.4 km
 Gorre - 39.2 km
 Goire - 28.7 km
 Issoire - 45.7 km
 Blourde - 46.5 km
 Creuse - 236.6
 Manse - 30.5 km

Hydrology 
Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Nouâtre in the Indre-et-Loire department.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Nouâtre (1958 - 2017)

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 Banque Hydro - Station L7000610 - La Vienne à Nouâtre 

Rivers of France
Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Centre-Val de Loire
Aquia Creek () is a  tributary of the tidal portion of the Potomac River and is located in Northern Virginia. The creek's headwaters lie in southeastern Fauquier County, and it empties into the Potomac at Brent Point in Stafford County,  south of Washington, D.C.

History
The Public Quarry at Government Island in the creek served as the source for Aquia Creek sandstone. This sandstone was used in numerous public buildings. The most important of these public buildings was the first White House in Washington,  DC.  It was painted white for symbolic reasons. The National Capitol Columns were also quarried at the Aquia Creek Public Quarry in the early 1800s. They were transported to Washington on a barge.

In an early American Civil War skirmish, the Battle of Aquia Creek, three US gunboats battled a Confederate shore battery. The skirmish took place from May 29, 1861 to June 1, 1861 during the Union campaign to blockade the Chesapeake Bay. There were an estimated 10 casualties.

References

Waterways
Rivers of Virginia
The Mauser C96, is a German semi-automatic pistol that has a broomhandle-style pistol grip made by Mauser. Nicknames for the gun include the Broomhandle (named for its grip), the Red 9, and the box cannon. Although there were some semi-automatic pistols made before it was invented, the C96 was one of the first that was successful. The C96 was used by many countries including Germany, Spain, China, and the Soviet Union. The C96 was produced by Germany from 1896 and ended in 1937. Spain and China made many of their own unlicensed models of the C96 Although it was invented in Germany, it was never a standard pistol for the German military. Nonetheless, it was still very popular pistol for German soldiers and officers until the end of World War II. The only country that made the C96 its standard pistol was China.

The C96 had many different models that fired different types of bullets. The first models fired 7.63x25mm Mauser bullets, but Germany later made a 9x19mm Parabellum version. 9x19mm versions of the gun have a red number 9 imprinted on the handle so that people would know to only load 9x19mm bullets and not the 7.63x25mm bullets. This is how the 9x19mm versions got the nickname "Red 9". In China, .45 ACP versions were made for the police and the military. The Chinese Army nicknamed the C96 the boxcannon, but the official name was the Type 17 pistol.

The gun comes with a magazine built in the gun. Most magazines for the C96 could hold 6 bullets, 10 bullets, or 20 bullets. Unlike most semi-automatic pistols, in order to load the C96, the shooter must load the bullets through the top of the gun using a stripper clip (like what you see in the picture above), rather than load a box magazine inside the grip. The C96 can also attach a wooden buttstock to the grip so that the shooter can aim more easily. The buttstock is also used as the gun's holster. The gun was also one of the first machine pistols, since some models allow the shooter to shoot the gun in full automatic fire.

Although the C96 is a little awkward to use, especially compared to most pistols today, it's old and unusual appearance make it a popular weapon in video games, like Resident Evil 4, the Metal Gear series, the Zombies game mode in the Call of Duty series, Bioshock: Infinite, Battlefield 1, Call of Duty: WWII, Far Cry 4, and many others.

References

Pistols
The War of Attrition (1967–1970) was a war between Egypt and Israel. It ran from March 1969 to 7th August 1970 when the ceasefire was restored. It followed the Six-Day War in 1967, when Israel won a victory and captured the Golan Heights, Gaza Strip and the West Bank.

Objectives 
Both sides used attrition warfare in an attempt to weaken the other. Both Egypt and Israel thought that by wearing down the other they would gain an advantage in later negotiations. Egypt wanted its territory back from Israel. The leader of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser, thought that by waging a low-grade war against Israel, he would exhaust their resources and get them to give up the territory. Israel wanted to secure its hold on the Sinai and annex it to Israel.

Outcome 
In the end, neither side achieved their goals. Egypt did not force an Israeli withdrawal. Israel still occupied the Sinai. Both sides claimed they won the war. The Israeli death toll included 5,000 soldiers and 600 civilians. Approximately 6,000 soldiers and 1700 civilians were wounded. Egypt lost about 4,000 soldiers and 900 officers. Another 2,000 Egyptian soldiers and 200 officers were captured. Egypt lost about 60% of its military equipment. The Suez Canal remained closed to shipping.

References

Other websites 
 The War of Attrition between Egypt & Israel (1968-1970); YouTube

Middle East
War
1967
1968
1969
1970
20th century in Egypt
1960s in Israel
1970s in Israel
"Secret" is a pop song from Madonna's studio album Bedtime Stories. This song is about a lover having a secret. It hit #3 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.

The song was released on September 27, 1994. It was declared Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.

References

Madonna songs
Pop songs
1994 songs
"Express Yourself" is a 1989 dance-pop song by Madonna. The lyrics are about female empowerment and inspire women to go for the best. The song was a tribute to American R&B-funk band Sly and the Family Stone.

The song peaked at #2 on the American Billboard Hot 100. It was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.

There are many versions of the song. One is almost eleven minutes long.

References

Madonna songs
Dance-pop songs
1989 songs
Fast & Furious (also known by Fast & Furious 4) is a 2009 American action movie directed by Justin Lin. The story was written by Chris Morgan. The movie is the fourth one of the Fast and the Furious movies. The movie gets back together the actors Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Michelle Rodriguez and Jordana Brewster. The movie follows from The Fast and the Furious, the 2001 movie into a the time right now. The same actors are in both movies. The movie came out on April 3, 2009. The movie got bad comments when it came out. The movie made $363 million dollars all over the world.

Cast 
 Vin Diesel as Dominic "Dom" Toretto
 Paul Walker as Brian O'Conner
 Michelle Rodriguez as Leticia "Letty" Ortiz
 Jordana Brewster as Mia Toretto
 John Ortíz as Arturo Braga / Ramón Campos
 Laz Alonso as Fenix Rise
 Sung Kang as Han Seoul-Oh
 Gal Gadot as Gisele Yashar
 Tego Calderón as Tego
 Don Omar as Rico Santos
 Jack Conley as Penning
 Shea Wigham as Agent Michael Stasiak
 Liza Lapira as Agent Sophie Thrin

Release Dates

References

2000s action movies
2009 thriller movies
Fast & Furious movies
Movies directed by Justin Lin
Arda Turan (born 30 January 1987) is a Turkish football player. He plays for F.C. Barcelona and Turkey national team.

Club Career statistics

Club
.

International
.

References

1987 births
Living people
Turkish footballers
Muslims
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Gold Star families (or Gold Star American families) are the relatives of US military members who died in battle.

History
Starting in World War I, the families of US soldiers and sailors often flew flags that had a blue star for each member of the family that was serving in the military. If one of them died in battle, the blue star was changed to a gold star. In August of 1947, the United States Congress authorized the military to present a gold star lapel pin to the family members of those killed in action. That first pin was a simple gold star on a purple background with a laurel wreath around the star. Another pin—this time a gold star with a gold background and four oak sprigs around the star—was authorized by Congress in 1973. It was awarded to the next of kin of service members who die during military service.

Modern use
The military continues to award Gold Star lapel pins to the family members or next of kin of service members who die during military service.

Famous Gold Star families 
 Khizr Khan
 General John F. Kelly
 Jose Gonzalez Carranza

References

Military
Mukto-Mona (Bengali: মুক্তমনা ) is the first online platform for Bengali speaking freethinkers, atheists, and secular bloggers and writers, started by Avijit Roy.  The meaning of Mukto-Mona is "free mind".  The website supports free expression and criticizes religious fundamentalism, especially Islamic religious fundamentalism. 

The Council for Secular Humanism called Mukto-Mona "the largest and the fastest-growing collection of contemporary freethinkers in Bangladesh and within South Asia". The group worked with international NGOs like the Center for Inquiry and the International Humanist and Ethical Union.  

The website was moderated by Avijit Roy. Roy was killed on February 26, 2015.  Ananta Bijoy Das also wrote for the blog. Das was killed on May 12, 2015. The group al-Qaida in the Indian Subcontinent said they were responsible for Roy's death.  Ananta Bijoy Das was on a list of targets by the same group of Islamists who were behind the murder of Avijit Roy.

History 

In May 2001,  Avijit Roy started a Yahoo group called Mukto-Mona, meaning "free mind".  In 2002 Mukto-Mona moved to a blog. Mukto-Mona was the first Bengali group to celebrate  Darwin Day and International Women's Day on the internet. The group worked for freedom for religious minorities and secular writers. They worked with international secularist groups to protest killings and arrests. They also discussed religious questions and LGBT issues, that were taboo subjects in Bangladesh. In 2005 the website was banned in the United Arab Emirates.

Awards 

In 2015, Mukta-Mona received "The Bobs – Best of Online Activism" award from German public broadcaster Deutsche Welle.  Blogger Rafida Bonya Ahmed, the wife of murdered blogger Avijit Roy, received the award.

Other websites 
Mukto-Mona

References  

Human rights organizations in Asia
Organisations based in Bangladesh
The International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU) is a humanist NGO based in the U.K. It has members on United Nations committees and other international organizations.  It was started in Amsterdam in 1952.

References

Humanism
In an essay or research paper, a thesis statement is a statement at the start or the end of an introduction that shows the reader the argument of the essay. A thesis statement gives concise information about what the whole essay is about, including the topic of the paper. It is usually just one sentence but it may have more than one sentence. The thesis statement is explained further using body paragraphs. Thesis statements are not obscure, because obscurity happens when a "writer is himself not quite sure of his meaning.  He has a vague impression of what he wants to say, but has not, either from lack of mental power or from laziness, exactly formulated it in his mind, and it is natural enough that he should not find a precise expression for a confused idea.” (W. Somerset Maugham). Clarity and unity of a thought in an essay flows from a good thesis statement. Rubrics of a good essay involve good sentence development and formation acceptable to grammatical standards and relevant word choices organized in forms of phrases, clauses and sentences.

Characteristics
The thesis statement is developed, supported, and explained in the course of the paper by means of examples and evidence. Thesis statements help organize and develop the body of the writing piece. They let readers know, what the writer's statement is and what it is aiming to prove. A thesis statement does not necessarily forecast organization of an essay which can be more complex than its purpose.

Structure
The thesis statement will reflect the kind of paper being written. There are three kinds of papers: analytical, expository, and argumentative. The structure of a thesis statement depends upon the nature of controlling essay type. In simple terms, first a thesis statement will have a main topic sentence formed from questioning the topic, then the writer's statement regarding the topic sentence, and finally ends with the specific supporting points detailing the writer's statement for justifying its relation with the topic sentence. In general, it should have a supportable opinion (specific/focused) and clear intent for the essay.

References

Writing
The Metropolitan City of Bari () is a metropolitan city in the Apulia region of Southern Italy. Its capital, and of the Apulia region, is the city of Bari.

It replaced the Province of Bari and includes the city of Bari and some forty other municipalities (comuni). It was first created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and then established by the Law 56/2014. It has been operative since January 1, 2015.

Geography
The Metropolitan City of Bari is in the central part of Apulia and has an area of .

The Metropolitan City is bordered on the east by the Adriatic Sea, to the northwest by Basilicata (province of Potenza), to the north by the province of province of Barletta-Andria-Trani, to the west with Basilicata (province of Matera), to the southeast by the province of province of Brindisi and to the south with the province of Taranto.

Population
, there are 1,263,820 persons living in the province, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Administration
The province has 41 comuni. The comuni with more people living in them (more than 30,000) areː

The largest comune is Altamura, with  and the smallest is Cellamare, with . The comune with fewest inhabitants is Poggiorsini, with 1,450 inhabitants.

Related pages
List of comuni of the Metropolitan City of Bari

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Bari
Scheunen is a former municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Scheunen and Münchringen merged into the municipality of Jegenstorf.

Former municipalities of Bern
BC Budivelnyk Kyiv - is a Ukrainian basketball team. It was founded in 1945.

Major Trophies 
 Ukrainian SuperLeague (9):
 Gold - 1992, 1997, 2011, 2013, 2014
 Silver - 1998, 2010
 Bronze - 1999
 Ukrainian Cup (3):
 Winner – 2012, 2014, 2015

Famous Players 
  Oleksandr Bilostinny
  Oleksandr Volkov 
  Anatoliy Polyvoda
  Serhiy Kovalenko
  Maceo Baston
  Malcolm Delaney
  Khalid El-Amin
  Leo Lyons

Other websites
 

Basketball teams
Scheuren is a municipality of the administrative district Biel/Bienne in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Bern
Schlosswil is a former municipality of the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018 the former municipality of Schlosswil merged into the municipality of Grosshöchstetten.

Former municipalities of Bern
Emirates Flight 521 was an Emirates airline crashed upon landing in Dubai International Airport on 3 August 2016. One person was killed and 39 others injured.

Passengers and crew

References

2016 disasters in Asia
August 2016 events
Aviation disasters in Asia
Aviation disasters in the 2010s

Dubai
The Province of Barletta-Andria-Trani () is a province in the Apulia region of Southern Italy. The capital is shared by three cities: Barletta, Andria and Trani. The province borders the Adriatic Sea.

History
It was created from 10 municipalities (comuni), which were formerly in the provinces of Bari (7 municipalities) and Foggia (3 municipalities), taking its name from the three cities which share the new administrative functions of the province.

Geography

The province of Barletta-Andria-Trani is in the central part of Apulia and has an area of .

The province borders to the northwest by the province of Foggia, to the north and northeast by the Adriatic Sea, to the east with the Metropolitan City of Bari, to the south by province of Potenza (Basilicata region).

The main river of the province, and of the Apulia region, is the Ofanto river, that flows into the Adriatic Sea between Margherita di Savoia and Barletta.

The highest point in the province is Monte Caccia,  high; it is in the Altopiano delle Murge, a karstic plateau of rectangular shape in southern Italy.

Population
, there are 393,534 persons (194402 males and 199,132 females) living in the province, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Administration
The province has 10 comuni.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 Barletta city web site 
 Andria city web site 
 Trani city web site 

Barletta-Andria-Trani
Schüpfen is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Bern
Dissociatives are a type of hallucinogenic drug. Dissociatives can make the user feel separated or dissociated from their body and environment. They are often used as anesthetic, to make people unconscious during operations or for other medical uses. 

Dissociatives change users perceptions and can cause hallucinations, trance and euphoria. They are usually only used on animals or children, who won't notice these effects. However, for this reason they are also used recreationally or for fun. In many countries however, they are illegal to use for this purpose. Some dissociatives, like that produced from Salvia divinorum, enter the bloodstream and attach to opioid receptors in the brain. Others attach to dopamine receptors. Most block the chemical glutamate from its normal action in the brain. Glutamate is important in how the brain processes memory and pain. The most commonly available dissociatives around the world are ketamine, phencyclidine (PCP) and dextromethorphan or DXM.

References 

      

Drugs
Schwadernau is a municipality in Biel/Bienne in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Bern
Schwanden bei Brienz is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 

Municipalities of Bern
Schwarzhäusern is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Roggwil is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Bern
South Italy ( or just ) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a NUTS1 level region.

South Italy is defined only for statistical and for some elections. It should not to be confused with the Mezzogiorno, or Southern Italy, which generally refers to all the southern half of the Italian State, including the island of Sicily and sometimes even Sardinia. The two islands form a distinct statistical region.region.

Geography
South Italy borders to the north with Central Italy (to the northwest with Lazio and to the northeast with Marche). The Adriatic Sea is to the east and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west, and the Ionian Sea to the south.

The Apennines are mountain ranges that goes from north to south through South Italy. The highest point in the region is the Corno Grande () (part of the Gran Sasso) that is  high.

Regions
Central Italy encompasses six of the 20 regions of Italy, including 24 provinces and 1,789  comuniː

The comuni with more than 100,000 persons living in them areː

Related pages
 NUTS level 1:
 Northwest Italy
 Northeast Italy
 Central Italy
 South Italy
 Insular Italy
 Northern Italy
 Southern Italy

References

Geography of Italy
Schwendibach was a municipality in Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the former municipality of Schwendibach became part of of Steffisburg.

References

Former municipalities of Bern
Seeberg is a municipality of the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. The lake Burgäschisee is on the border with Aeschi. On 1 January 2016 the former municipality of Hermiswil merged into Seeberg.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of Seeberg 

Municipalities of Bern
In 2016, social media had the biggest effect ever on the United States presidential election. For the first time, social media created the change (of plans for Democratic and Republican primaries) rather than talking about it. Many journalists expected this.

Benefits to candidates 
Many presidential candidates benefited from the use of social media in the 2016 election.

Bernie Sanders 
Many people think social media is the reason Bernie Sanders did so well in the Democratic primaries. In May 2016, 450,000 people belonged to the pro-Sanders Facebook group Bernie Sanders' Dank Meme Stash. Another pro-Sanders group, Bernie or Hillary?, exists.

Donald Trump 
Social media is also thought by most people to be the reason Donald Trump did so well in the Republican primaries. Activity by Donald Trump supporters on social media was one of the things talked about at the first Republican debate. Trump mentioned that his social media accounts provided a tremendous platform for his election and helps keep people interested. 

Right Side Broadcasting Network often uploads live footage of Donald Trump rallys on YouTube, causing their popularity to go way up.

Hillary Clinton 
In April 2016, Correct the Record, a pro-Clinton super PAC, started a program called "Barrier Breakers" that wants to compete with the mostly online volunteer efforts of Sanders and Trump supporters. With $1 million in funding, Correct the Record hired a paid staff of people that used to be reporters, bloggers, public affairs specialists, designers to post good things about Clinton.

On June 9, 2016, as a response to Donald Trump's tweet about Obama's endorsement to Clinton, she wrote with a three word tweet: "Delete your account". This tweet has become her most retweeted tweet of all time.

By the end of June 2016, this most retweeted tweet of all time got more than 1,000,000 interactions.

Memes 
One form of social media being used in the 2016 election are memes. The Guardian compared Internet memes to political cartoons, saying, "For the first time in a US election cycle, community-generated (created) memes have grown to play a significant (important) role in political discourse (debate), similar to the classic printed cartoon. While an Internet meme is unlikely to destroy a political career, lots of memes targeting a candidate might." Many memes attacked Ted Cruz.

References

Social networking
2016 United States presidential election
Mettauertal is a municipality of the district Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2010 the former municipalities of Etzgen, Hottwil, Mettau, Oberhofen and Wil merged into the new municipality of Mettauertal.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Aargau
2010 establishments in Switzerland
Münchwilen is a municipality of the district Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Aargau
Honoré Blanc (1736–1807) was a French gunsmith and inventor. He was one of the first to use the concept of interchangeable parts. Blanc was born in Avignon, France in 1736. At age 12 he became an apprentice to a gunsmith. He was an armorer at the Charleville armory in Charleville-Mézières, Ardennes, France. In 1763 he became the controller of gunlocks at the Saint-Étienne arms factory. Just before the French Revolution, he came up with the idea of interchangeable parts for gun locks.

Interchangeable parts 

By the 1760s, Blanc was making specialized machinery and tools to make gunlocks. His design for the Musket Model 1777 was accepted and he was made chief controller for three arms factories. In 1785, in an experiment, Blanc mixed parts from 25 gunlocks and assembled several models with ease. His demonstration showed the benefit of interchangeable parts and how it worked. He repeated the experiment for military policy makers in 1790. The French Academy of Sciences supported his idea in 1791. But the Legislative assembly would not fund his work. Blanc shifted his attention to setting up a private company to produce gunlocks using interchangeable parts in 1791. Even after receiving permission and funds from the French government, he was very slow in getting started. He did not produce any gunlocks until 1796. His factory was still making gunlocks in 1807 when Blanc died.

In the United States 
While European gunsmiths were not impressed by the idea, he did interest the American Ambassador to France, Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson quickly saw that mass production of weapons parts would free America from dependence on European sources for parts. He could not get Blanc to move to the United States but he did convince President George Washington it was a good idea. In 1798, Eli Whitney got the first contract for 10,000 muskets to be delivered within two years. Whitney used a large force of unskilled workers and machinery to produce standardized identical parts at a low cost. This was the first time in the US Blanc's ideas of mass production were put to use. Congress had already decided to pattern the new musket after the 1763 French Charleville musket. This was one that Blanc had worked on early in his career. What resulted was the Springfield Model 1795 Musket, the first military musket made in the United States.

References

Other websites 
 LeBlanc and Interchangeable parts
 History of Interchangeable Parts 

1736 births
1807 deaths
French inventors
Seedorf is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

Gallery

Villages
Seedorf, Lobsigen, Wiler, Frieswil, Baggwil, Ruchwil, Dampfwil, Aspi, Grissenberg and Frienisberg.

References

Other websites

 Official website of the municipality of Seedorf 
 
 

Municipalities of Bern
Seehof () is a municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. This is one of two German speaking cities in the majority French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura bernois). The other is Schelten.

References 

Municipalities of Bern