cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jack Page (January 18, 1950 – December 14, 2020) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the Alabama House of Representatives from the 29th district from 1993 to 2010. He was born in Kokura, Kyushu, Japan.

Page died of COVID-19 on December 14, 2020, in Gadsden, Alabama at age 70.

References

1950 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Politicians from Alabama
US Democratic Party politicians
State legislators of the United States
Anthony Salvatore Casso (May 21, 1942 – December 15, 2020), nicknamed "Gaspipe", was an American mobster and former underboss of the Lucchese crime family. 

Casso was known as a "homicidal maniac" in the Italian-American Mafia. 

He is suspected of having done dozens of murders, and had confessed to involvement in between 15 and 36 murders.

Following his arrest in 1993, Casso became one of the highest-ranking members of the Mafia to turn informant. In 1998, sentenced him to 455 years in prison for racketeering, extortion, and murder.

Casso died on December 15, 2020 while in prison in Tucson, Arizona from COVID-19 at the age of 78.

References

1942 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Mobsters
Criminals from New York City
American people convicted of murder
People who died in prison custody in the United States
Hennadiy Adolfovych Kernes (,  27 June 1959 – 17 December 2020) was a Ukrainian politician. In 2010, he became Mayor of Kharkiv. He was born in Kharkiv.

Kernes was hospitalized in September 2020 with COVID-19 in Berlin. He died on 17 December 2020 from kidney failure caused by COVID-19 at the age of 61.

References

1959 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
Ukrainian politicians
Mayors
Satya Deo Singh (27 February 1945 – 17 December 2020) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1991 and resigned in 1998. He was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was President of Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha from 1980 to 1985. Singh was born in Kolkata, West Bengal.

Singh died on 17 December 2020 in Kolkata from cardiac arrest caused by COVID-19, aged 75.

References

1945 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Indian politicians
Rosaly Davidman Papadopol (23 February 1956 – 16 December 2020) was a Brazilian actress. She was born in São Paulo, São Paulo. Her career began in 1975. Papadopol was known for her roles as Florinda in the 1987 drama Night Angels and as Sofia in the 2001 crime Bellini and the Sphinx.

Papadopol died of lymphoma on 16 December 2020 in São Paulo at the age of 64.

References

Other websites
 

1956 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from lymphoma
Brazilian movie actors
Brazilian television actors
Brazilian stage actors
People from São Paulo
Penang Football Club (or simply known as Penang FC) is a Malaysian professional football club based in George Town, Penang that currently plays in the Malaysia Premier League.

It was unofficially founded in 1920.

Other websites
 Penang FA official website 

Football in Malaysia
Football clubs
Namat Abdullah (30 March 1946 – 17 December 2020) was a Malaysian football player. He was born in Penang, Malaysia. Abdullah played for Penang F.C. between 1967 and 1977. He also played for the national team between 1967 and 1975.

Abdullah died on 17 December 2020 in Perak, Malaysia from stomach cancer at the age of 74.

References

1946 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Malaysian sportspeople
Footballers
Happiest Season is a 2020 American romantic comedy movie directed by Clea DuVall. The movie stars Kristen Stewart, Mackenzie Davis, Alison Brie, Aubrey Plaza, Dan Levy, Mary Holland, Victor Garber and Mary Steenburgen.

The movie is about a woman who has a hard time to tell her conservative parents that she is a Lesbian and in a relationship with her roommate during Christmas. 

It was released in the United States on November 25, 2020 by Hulu to strong positive reviews.

References

2020 comedy movies
2020s romance movies
2020s LGBT movies
American romantic comedy movies
American LGBT movies
Ann Cusack (born May 22, 1961) is an American actress. She was born in New York City. Cusack is the sister of actors John Cusack and Joan Cusack. Cusack is known for her comedy roles in A League of Their Own (1992), Multiplicity (1996) and The Informant! (2009).

References

Other websites
 
 

1961 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Actors from Chicago
People from Evanston, Illinois
The Royal Belgian Football Association is the organization that controls football in Belgium. They won the FIFA Fair Play Award in 1992.

Teams and competitions
 Men's national team
 Woman's national team
 First Division A
 First Division B
 Belgian Cup
 Belgian Supercup
 Women's competitions:
 Super League
 First Division
 Second Division
 Third Division
 Belgian Women's Cup

Other websites
Official website 
Belgium  at FIFA site
Belgium at UEFA site

19th-century establishments in Belgium
1895 establishments in Europe
Football organizations
Football in Belgium
Group 8 is a group of elements in the periodic table.

Group 8 has iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os) and hassium (Hs).

Group 8 is in the transition metals section.

Periodic table
Transition metals
Jacques Lambinon (born 28 September 1936 in Namur and died in Liège on 14 November 2015) was a Belgian botanist. He was a professor at the University of Liège and member of the Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium.

He is the main author of the New Flora of Belgium, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Northern France and neighbouring regions which is used by thousands of students.

He was a recognized specialist of:

Taxonomy of the vascular plants of Western Europe and the Mediterranean basin,
Nature conservation (especially problems of introduced and reintroduced plants), scientific popularization of botany, botanical nomenclature
Vegetation-entomofauna relationships (cecidology, co-evolution, pollination ...)
Mycology and lichenology,
Radioecology

Among his very numerous functions, we can mention his role in the direction of the herbarium (Vascular plants) of the University of Liege.

He was a member of many scientific committees such as the Flore de Corse or the National Botanical Conservatory of Bailleul.

He was editor, proofreader and relentless proofreader, he was editorial secretary of "Lejeunia, Revue de Botanique", secretary of the Society for the Exchange of Vascular Plants of Europe and the Mediterranean Basin and correspondent (since 1983) of the Med-Checklist editorial committee (Geneva & Berlin).

Works 

 Serusiaux E., & J Lambinon 1994
Bacidia clauzadei sp.nov., une espèce nouvelle de lichen foliicole produisant des cils conidiogènes. Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence, 45:349-35

 Verloove F. & Lambinon J 2006
The non native vascular flora of Belgium  Systematics and Geography of Plants 76: 217-220

Botanists
El cerco de Numancia (The siege of Numancia) is a tragedy written in 1585 by the Spanish writer and soldier Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. It tells the story of the defeat of Numancia by the Roman Empire in the 2nd century BC.

The play is also known as The Numancia, Comedy of the siege of Numancia, The destruction of Numancia and Tragedy of Numancia. Two handwritten copies of the play have survived.  One copy is in the National Library of Spain which is an actor's script from the 17th century. Another copy, the codex Sancho Rayón, is held by the Hispanic Society of America. This copy was made by Antonio of Sancha in 1784, with modern spelling, together with another play, the Trip of the Parnaso. Both copies are believed to be based closely on the original, although the modern editors prefer to use The Numancia from the manuscript Sancho Rayón.

Plays
Arizona is a 1940 American western movie directed by Wesley Ruggles and was based on the 1939 novel of the same name by Clarence Budington Kelland. It stars Jean Arthur, William Holden, Warren William, Porter Hall, Edgar Buchanan, George Chandler, Colin Tapley and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1941.

Other websites
 
 
 

1940 movies
1940s western movies
American western movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Wesley Ruggles
Columbia Pictures movies
Too Many Husbands is a 1940 American romantic comedy movie directed by Wesley Ruggles and was based on the 1919 play of the same name by W. Somerset Maugham. It stars Jean Arthur, Fred MacMurray, Melvyn Douglas, Harry Davenport, Dorothy Peterson, Meville Cooper and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1941.

Other websites
 
 
 

1940 movies
1940s romance movies
1940s comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Wesley Ruggles
Monster's Ball is a 2001 American romantic drama movie directed by Marc Forster and starring Billy Bob Thornton, Halle Barry, Heath Ledger, Peter Boyle, Sean Combs, Mos Def. It was distributed by Lionsgate Films and was nominated for 2 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 2002.

Other websites
 
 

2001 drama movies
2001 romance movies
2000s romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies directed by Marc Forster
Movies set in Georgia (U.S. state)‎
is a 1960 Japanese crime drama movie directed by Nagisa Oshima and starring Yūsuke Kawzau, Yoshiko Kuga, Fumio Watanabe, Miyuki Kuwano.

Other websites
 
 
 

1960 crime movies
1960 drama movies
1960s crime drama movies
Japanese movies
Movies directed by Nagisa Oshima
Teairra Marquisha Thomas (born December 2, 1987) professionally known as Teairra Marí, is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, actress and model.

Career 
Marí was discovered by the American music mogul Jay Z while she was 16 years old. Jay Z signed her under his label Roc-A-Fella records. In the same year, she released her debut album, titled ‘Roc-A-Fella Records Presents Teairra Mari’, which turned out to be a major debacle. It was a critical success but struggled in garnering the expected sales numbers. This failure threatened to destroy her musical career even before it started and she exited from the label during the production of her second album. A few years later, she got another chance to redeem her career with the single ‘Hunt 4 U’, and its success enabled her to approach studios to produce her second album. It was eventually released with the title ‘At that Point’. She embarked into acting in 2009 with the film ‘The Magnificent Cooly-T’. Thereafter, she appeared in another film ‘Lottery Ticket’ in 2010. She has also released some mix tapes featuring some well known artists of this era and has tasted success with her latest album, ‘Night Shift’ which was released in 2017.

Personal life
According to Teairra, she was in an-again-off-again relationship for nine years with Brandy Norwood's brother Ray J. In September 2014, Ray J claimed that Teairra was physically abusive to him during their relationship. In 2011, Teairra was arrested in Beverly Hills, California for allegedly assaulting a police officer. In July 2015, Mari was charged with battery after her Uber driver alleged that she punched him and stole his phone charger after he originally declined to let her charge her phone in his car. Nonetheless, the court case had ended in a mistrial when the judge had to excuse himself due to illness in early 2017.

Discography
 Roc-A-Fella Records Presents Teairra Marí (2005)
 At That Point (2009)
 Sex on the Radio (2012)

References

1987 births
Living people
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
African American actors
African-American singers
American dancers
American movie actors
Michael Stanley Regan (born August 6, 1976) is an American environmentalist and politician. Regan is the 16th Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency since 2021. He was the secretary of North Carolina's Department of Environmental Quality from 2017 until 2021.

He was an air quality specialist in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 

On December 17, 2020, it was reported that then President-elect Joe Biden nominated Regan to serve as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 11, 2021.

References

1976 births
Living people
American environmentalists
Politicians from North Carolina
US Democratic Party politicians
Administrators of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Juan Manuel Pérez-Giménez (March 28, 1941 – December 10, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a Judge on the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico from 1979 until his death. He was chief judge of the court from 1984 to 1991. Pérez-Giménez was nominated to the court by President Jimmy Carter. He was born in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico.

Pérez-Giménez died on December 10, 2020 in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico at the age of 79.

References

1941 births
2020 deaths
Puerto Rican people
American judges
US Democratic Party politicians
Sal Rocca (October 29, 1946 – December 13, 2020) was an Italian-born American politician and real estate developer. He was born in Casalvieri, Italy. He was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1975 to 1980, 1983 to 1994, and 2001 to 2004.

Before 1992, he was a member of the Democratic Party. Afterwards, Rocca was a Republican. Rocca was raised in Detroit, Michigan.

Rocca died of COVID-19 in Troy, Michigan on December 13, 2020 at the age of 74.

References

1946 births
2020 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Italian politicians
Italian businesspeople
State legislators of the United States
Businesspeople from Detroit, Michigan
Politicians from Detroit, Michigan
US Democratic Party politicians
US Republican Party politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Segundo Galicia Sánchez (August 11, 1938 – December 14, 2020) was a Peruvian professor and sociologist. He was born in Virú, Peru. He was a full-time professor and researcher, "C" holder of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa, (UAS), Mexico. He also was a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores. 

Galicia Sánchez died on December 14, 2020 in Mazatlán, Mexico at the age of 82.

References

1938 births
2020 deaths
Academics
Mexican writers
Mexican scientists
Sociologists
Nyagarama (1946 – 18 December 2020), formally known as John Obiero Nyagarama, was a Kenyan politician. He was the first Governor of Nyamira County from 2013 until his death. He was a member of the Orange Democratic Movement. Nyagarama was born in Nyamira County, Kenya.

Nyagarama was diagnosed with COVID-19 on 15 December 2020 and was hospitalized in Nairobi, Kenya. He died three days later from respiratory failure caused by the infection, aged 74.

References

1946 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic
Deaths from respiratory failure
Kenyan politicians
African politicians
Rahah binti Mohamed Noah (11 June 1933 – 18 December 2020) was a Malaysian socialite. She was the widow of former Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak and the mother of former Prime Minister Najib Razak. Noah was born in Muar, Johor.

Noah died on 18 December 2020 in Kuala Lumpur at the age of 87.

References

1933 births
2020 deaths
Socialites
Malaysian people
His Kind of Woman is a 1951 American crime movie directed by John Farrow and Richard Fleischer and starring Robert Mitchum, Jane Russell, Vincent Price, Tim Holt, Charles McGraw, Raymond Burr, Marjorie Reynolds, Leslie Banning. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.

Other websites
 
 
 

1951 movies
1950s crime movies
American crime movies
Movies directed by John Farrow
Movies directed by Richard Fleischer
Stanley Cowell (May 5, 1941 – December 17, 2020) was an American jazz pianist. He was the co-founder of the Strata-East Records label. Cowell was born in Toledo, Ohio. 

During the late 1980s, Cowell was part of a regular quartet led by J.J. Johnson. Cowell taught in the Music Department of the Mason Gross School of the Arts at Rutgers University in New Jersey.

Cowell died at a hospital in Dover, Delaware from hypovolemic shock-related problems on December 17, 2020 at the age of 79.

References

1941 births
2020 deaths
American jazz musicians
American pianists
Musicians from Ohio
People from Toledo, Ohio
Educators from Ohio
Deaths from hemorrhage
Enrico Ferri (17 February 1942 — 17 December 2020) was an Italian politician and lawyer. He was born in La Spezia, Italy. Ferri was a member of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party. 

Ferri was Minister of Public Works from 1988 to 1989 during the Ciriaco De Mita cabinet. From 1992 to 1994, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. From 1993 to 1995, he was Secretary of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party. From 1989 to 1994, he was a Member of the European Parliament.

Ferri died on 17 December 2020 in Pontremoli, Italy after a long-illness, aged 78.

References

1942 births
2020 deaths
MEPs for Italy
Former MEPs
Pontremoli (; ) is a small city in the province of Massa and Carrara, Tuscany region, central Italy.

References

Cities in Tuscany
Jacó Roberto Hilgert (27 January 1926 – 17 December 2020) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate. He was born in Harmonia, Rio Grande do Sul. In 1952, he became a priest. He was the Bishop of Cruz Alta from 1976 to 2002. 

Hilgert died on 17 December 2020 in Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul from cardiopulmonary arrest, aged 94.

References

1926 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from cardiopulmonary arrest
Roman Catholic bishops
Roman Catholic priests
People from Rio Grande do Sul
Wacław Szybalski (9 September 1921 – 16 December 2020) was a Polish-American oncologist and biotechnologist. He worked at the McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research in the University of Wisconsin–Madison Medical School. He discovered the Szybalski's rule. Szybalski was born in Lwów, Poland.

Szybalski died on 16 December 2020 in Madison, Wisconsin at the age of 99.

References

1921 births
2020 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Polish scientists
American biologists
Educators from Wisconsin
Scientists from Wisconsin
People from Madison, Wisconsin
Benny Napoleon (1955 – December 17, 2020) was an American attorney, law enforcement officer, and Democratic politician. He was the Sheriff of Wayne County, Michigan. He was also a 2013 candidate for Mayor of Detroit. From 2009 until his death, Wayne County Sheriff. Napolean was born in Detroit.

Napoleon was diagnosed with COVID-19 in November 2020. He died on December 17, 2020 in Detroit from the infection, aged 65.

References

1955 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
American police officers
African American lawyers
African American politicians
Politicians from Detroit, Michigan
US Democratic Party politicians
Lawyers from Detroit
Ignaz Puschnik (5 February 1934 – 17 December 2020) was an Austrian football midfielder. He played for Austria from 1957 to 1964 and during the 1958 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Kapfenberger SV from 1956 to 1964. Puschnik was born in Vienna.

Puschnik died on 17 December 2020 in Vienna at the age of 86.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
Austrian footballers
Sportspeople from Vienna
Giovanni Sacco (25 September 1943 – 17 December 2020) was an Italian footballer. He played as a midfielder. Sacco was born in San Damiano d'Asti, Italy. He played for Juventus F.C., Atalanta B.C. and A.C. Reggiana 1919. His career lasted from 1962 to 1976.

Sacco died on 17 December 2020 in Asti, Italy from COVID-19 at the age of 77.

References

1943 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Italian footballers
San Damiano d'Asti is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont

References

Cities in Piedmont
Per Oskar "Pelle" Svensson (6 February 1943 – 17 December 2020) was a Swedish Greco-Roman wrestler and lawyer. He won a silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics and two gold medals at the World Championships in 1970 and 1971. Svensson was born in Sollefteå, Sweden.

Svensson died on 17 December 2020 from cancer in Sundsvall, Sweden at the age of 77.

References

1943 births
2020 deaths
Swedish Olympians
Swedish lawyers
Wrestlers
Olympic silver medalists
Cancer deaths in Sweden
Coal forests were huge areas of wetlands which covered much of the Earth's tropical land areas in the late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) and Permian times.  

At the time most continents were crowded together in the supercontinent Gondwana. They lay on the path of tropical rainfall. As vegetable matter from these forests decayed, enormous deposits of peat accumulated, which later changed into coal. Now those continents are wide apart, but they have the coalfields which those ancient forests left behind.

Much of the carbon in the peat deposits produced by coal forests came from photosynthetic splitting of carbon dioxide. This released oxygen into the atmosphere. This increased the oxygen level, perhaps as high as about 35%. This had the effect of making the air more easily breathable by animals with limitrd respiratory systems. This may explain the size of Meganeura compared to modern dragonflies.

The coal forests covered tropical Euramerica (Europe, eastern North America, northwesternmost Africa) and  China. Eventually, climate change devastated these tropical rainforests. The so-called Carboniferous rainforest collapse was caused by a cooler drier climate which broke up the rainforest ecosystem. The cause of this change was mountain uplift, no doubt caused by the continental plates squeezing against each other.  During most of the rest of Carboniferous times, the coal forests were restricted to North America (such as the Appalachian and Illinois coal basins) and central Europe.

At the very end of the Carboniferous period, the coal forests underwent a resurgence, expanding mainly in eastern Asia, notably China. They never recovered fully in Euramerica.  The Chinese coal forests continued to flourish well into Permian times.

Kinds of plants found in coal measures 
Glossopteris
Calamites
Lepidodendron
Sphenopsida
Pteridosperms
Ferns

References 

Forests
Fossil plants
Carboniferous
Continents
Jorge Aristóteles Sandoval Díaz (22 January 1974 – 18 December 2020) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. Sandoval was Governor of Jalisco from 2013 to 2018. Sandoval was born in Guadalajara, Jalisco.

Sandoval was assassinated on 18 December 2020 in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco at the age of 46.

References

1974 births
2020 deaths
Mexican politicians
Assassinated people
Murders by firearm
Wawa is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the Algoma District and associated with Wawa Lake. Previously known as the township of Michipicoten, after a nearby river of that name, the township was officially renamed in 2007 for its largest  community of Wawa.

This area was first made for fur trading. In the late 19th century, both gold and iron ore were found and mined, leading to the region's rise as the steel industry developed in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. From 1900-1918 the Helen Mine had the highest production of iron ore of any mine in Canada.

The township includes the smaller communities of Michipicoten and Michipicoten River, which are small port settlements on the shore of Lake Superior. These names are from the Ojibwe term for the river.

Demographics 

Population trend:

 Population in 2016: 2,905
 Population in 2011: 2,977
 Population in 2006: 3,204
 Population in 2001: 3,668
 Population in 1996: 4,145
 Population in 1991: 4,154

Modern politics in Wawa 
The municipal council is made up of one mayor and four councillors. The current mayor is Ron Rody.  Councillors Tamara Liddle, Bill Chiasson, James Neufeld and Yvan Besner were elected on October 27, 2014 for four years. After James Neufeld resigned on April 27, 2015, Matthew Morrison was appointed to fill the empty seat on August 10, 2015. In 2016, Councillor Tamara Liddle and her husband, Gerry Liddle were investigated and it was revealed that both Gerry Liddle and Councillor Tamara Liddle harassed CAO Chris Wray to try and get a personal benefit to avoid paying taxes. Both were punished by town council. After the 2018 elections, Ron Rody was victorious as mayor and the following councillors were elected: Bill Chiasson, Mitch Hatfield, Robert Reece, and Pat Tait.

Tourist attractions and notable events 

The community is known for its 8.5-metre (28-foot) metal statue of a Canada goose, which was built in 1960, and was dedicated to the community in 1961. Wawa takes its name from the Ojibwe word for "wild goose", wewe. Wawa was called wild goose in The Song of Hiawatha. On July 5, 2010, the Canada Post made a commemorative stamp of the Wawa Goose as part of its Roadside Attractions collection. On July 1, 2017, a new Wawa Goose was made to replace the second aging goose.

The town is also known for snowmobiling and sport fishing. The Voyageur Hiking Trail passes through the town. One important shopping location is Young's General Store, home of the locally famous Pickle Barrel.

References 

Settlements in Ontario
The FIFA Puskás Award is an award that is organized by FIFA. It is awarded to the player who scored the best goal in each year. The award was first awarded in 2009.

Puskas Award
Sports trophies and awards
2009 establishments
In ethology, territory is the area that a species of  animal consistently defends against related animals. Sometimes it means areas defended against animals of other species. Animals that defend territories in this way are referred to as territorial.

Territoriality is not shown by most species. More commonly, a  group of animals has an area that they use but do not necessarily defend. This is called their home range. The home ranges of different groups of animals often overlap, and in the overlap areas, the groups tend to avoid each other. 

Many animals use vocalisations to advertise their territory. These are short-term signals given only when the animal is present. The sound can travel long distances and through various habitats. Examples include birds, frogs and canids.

Scent markings are used by many mammals. Some have special scent glands; others squirt urine on key places. Domestic cats have graded ritualized aggression. This starts off with vocalizations and sometimes mounts to direct attack.

Territories may be held by an individual, a mated or unmated pair, or a group, and it may vary at different times of the year.

References 

Ethology
The similar frog (Papurana attigua) is a frog from Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.  Scientists saw it between 700 and 1200 meters above sea level.

References

Animals of Asia
Frogs
Hypergamy is the practice of dating or marrying someone of a higher social status than oneself. Hypergamy is usually associated with women. Some sociologists believe that harems formerly existed because of female hypergamy. Some analysts also believe that people have twice as many female ancestors as male ancestors because of female hypergamy.

For the better part of human history, women simply didn’t have the option, access, or legal rights in many places in the world to have agency over their own welfare and to create financial independence. So, they relied on a 'good marriage' to secure their (and their children’s) overall prosperity and prospects.

While many Western societies have progressed to promote gender equality in the past century—attempting to creating equal career, educational, and financial opportunities for women—there's still a large gender pay gap. For example, in the United States, women are paid roughly 82 cents for every dollar a man makes for the same job, and the disparity is even greater for women of color, according to the American Association of University Women.

References

Marriage
Human sexuality
Elections happened on November 3, 2020 to elect 33 class 2 members to the United States Senate. The winners were elected into a six-year term from January 3, 2021, to January 3, 2027. Two special senate elections were also held on the same day: one in Arizona after John McCain died and one in Georgia after Johnny Isakson resigned. In Arizona, a Democrat won where there was a Republican before. In Georgia, two Democratic senators won against the Republican senators, changing the state to Democrat and changing the power of the senate from Republican to Democrat.

List of elections

Regular elections
2020 United States Senate election in Alabama
2020 United States Senate election in Alaska
2020 United States Senate election in Arkansas
2020 United States Senate election in Colorado
2020 United States Senate election in Delaware
2020–21 United States Senate election in Georgia
2020 United States Senate election in Idaho
2020 United States Senate election in Illinois
2020 United States Senate election in Iowa
2020 United States Senate election in Kansas
2020 United States Senate election in Kentucky
2020 United States Senate election in Louisiana
2020 United States Senate election in Maine
2020 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
2020 United States Senate election in Michigan
2020 United States Senate election in Minnesota
2020 United States Senate election in Mississippi
2020 United States Senate election in Montana
2020 United States Senate election in Nebraska
2020 United States Senate election in New Hampshire
2020 United States Senate election in New Jersey
2020 United States Senate election in New Mexico
2020 United States Senate election in North Carolina
2020 United States Senate election in Oklahoma
2020 United States Senate election in Oregon
2020 United States Senate election in Rhode Island
2020 United States Senate election in South Carolina
2020 United States Senate election in South Dakota
2020 United States Senate election in Tennessee
2020 United States Senate election in Texas
2020 United States Senate election in Virginia
2020 United States Senate election in West Virginia
2020 United States Senate election in Wyoming

Special elections
2020 United States Senate special election in Arizona
2020–21 United States Senate special election in Georgia

Notes

References
Eltham is a district in the south of London in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. The London Plan says Eltham is one of 35 major centres in Greater London. As a residential area (a suburb), the main features, apart from the housing, are the schools and the shops.

It was once an elite area with a palace (Eltham Palace) that dates back to the 13th century. It is now the biggest shopping area in S.E. London. 

The Palace was made over in the 1930s. Stephen Courtauld had it made up in art deco style. The Courtauld family was immensely rich at the time. The Palace still has a few parts which date back in time to its former royal use. It is now owned by English Heritage.

The three wards of Eltham North, South and West have a total population of 35,459. 

Eltham College is a public school (independent fee-paying school) in Mottingham, southeast London. Eltham and Mottingham were part of the same parish.

Secondary schools in Eltham include Eltham Hill School for Girls, Harris Academy Greenwich, St Thomas More Catholic School and Stationers' Crown Woods Academy (built upon the land of King Henry VIII's hunting grounds).

A campus of the University of Greenwich is in Avery Hill Park, on the borders of Eltham and New Eltham .

References 

Areas of London
London Borough of Greenwich
You, the Living is a 2007 Swedish German French Danish Norwegian Japanese drama movie directed by Roy Andersson and starring Elisabet Helander, Leif Larsson, Björn Englund, Ollie Olson, Jessika Lundberg.

Other websites
 
 

2007 drama movies
Swedish drama movies
German drama movies
French drama movies
Danish movies
Norwegian movies
Japanese movies
Movies directed by Roy Andersson
Margaret Mead (December 16, 1901 – November 15, 1978) was an American cultural anthropologist. She was an author and speaker in the mass media in the 1960s and 1970s. She was President of the American Advancement for the Association of Sciences in 1975.

Mead was a communicator of anthropology in modern American and Western culture. As an academic, she was often controversial. Her reports about attitudes toward sex in the South Pacific and Southeast Asian culture traditions influenced the 1960s sexual revolution.

Mead was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She died from pancreatic cancer in New York City.

Publications by Mead
Note: See also Margaret Mead: The Complete Bibliography 1925–1975, Joan Gordan, ed., The Hague: Mouton.

As a sole author
Coming of Age in Samoa (1928)
Growing Up In New Guinea (1930)
The Changing Culture of an Indian Tribe (1932)
Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies (1935)
And Keep Your Powder Dry: An Anthropologist Looks at America (1942)
Male and Female (1949)
New Lives for Old: Cultural Transformation in Manus, 1928–1953 (1956)
People and Places (1959; a book for young readers)
Continuities in Cultural Evolution (1964)
Culture and Commitment (1970)
The Mountain Arapesh: Stream of events in Alitoa (1971)
Blackberry Winter: My Earlier Years (1972; autobiography)

As editor or coauthor
Balinese Character: A Photographic Analysis, with Gregory Bateson, 1942, New York Academy of Sciences.
 Soviet Attitudes Toward Authority (1951)
Cultural Patterns and Technical Change, editor (1953)
Primitive Heritage: An Anthropological Anthology, edited with Nicholas Calas (1953)
An Anthropologist at Work, editor (1959, reprinted 1966; a volume of Ruth Benedict's writings)
The Study of Culture at a Distance, edited with Rhoda Metraux, 1953
Themes in French Culture, with Rhoda Metraux, 1954
The Wagon and the Star: A Study of American Community Initiative co-authored with Muriel Whitbeck Brown, 1966
A Rap on Race, with James Baldwin, 1971
A Way of Seeing, with Rhoda Metraux, 1975

References

1901 births
1978 deaths
American anthropologists
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
One Night of Love is a 1934 American romantic musical movie directed by Victor Schertzinger and was adapted from the novel Don't Fall in Love. It stars Grace Moore, Lyle Talbot, Tullio Carminati, Mona Barrie, Jessie Ralph and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for 6 Oscars and won 2 Academy Awards in 1935.

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1934 movies
1930s romance movies
1930s musical movies
American romance movies
American musical movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Victor Schertzinger
Beloved is a 1934 American drama movie directed by Victor Schertzinger and starring John Boles, Gloria Stuart, Morgan Farley, Ruth Hall, Albert Conti, Dorothy Peterson, Edmund Breese, Louise Carter, Walter Brennan, Oscar Apfel, Mickey Rooney, Richard Carle. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.

Other websites
 

1934 movies
1930s drama movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Victor Schertzinger
Universal Pictures movies
Ralph Karl Winter Jr. (July 30, 1935 – December 8, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. He was born in Waterbury, Connecticut. He was known as a conservative judge. Winter Jr. was the Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1981 until his death. He was nominated to the court by President Ronald Reagan.

Winter Jr. died on December 8, 2020 in North Haven, Connecticut from esophageal cancer, aged 85.

References

1935 births
2020 deaths
American judges
Lawyers from Connecticut
Politicians from Connecticut
People from Waterbury, Connecticut
US Republican Party politicians
American conservatives
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Greg Burdine (May 1, 1959 – December 13, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Alabama House of Representatives, representing the 1st District from 2010 to 2014. Burdine was a member of the Democratic Party. Burdine was born in Florence, Alabama.

Burdine died on December 13, 2020, in Florence, Alabama at age 61.

References

1959 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Alabama
People from Florence, Alabama
US Democratic Party politicians
Collies form a type of herding dogs, including many similar landraces and  standardized breeds. The type began in Scotland and Northern England.  Collies are usually medium-sized, fairly lightly-built dogs, with pointed noses.  Many breeds have a white color over the shoulders.  Collies are very active, and most types of collies are excellent at herding.  Collie breeds have spread through many parts of the world (especially Australia and North America), and have then made many varieties, sometimes mixed with other dog types (cross breeding, for example, the Borador).  Some collie breeds are still used as working dogs for herding cattle, sheep, and other livestock, while others are kept as pets, show dogs or for dog sports, in which they display great agility, stamina and trainability. While the American Kennel Club has a breed they call "collie", in fact collie dogs are a type of herding dog including many related landraces and formal breeds. There are usually major differences between show dogs and those bred for herding trials or dog sports: the herding dogs show good agility, stamina and trainability and behaviour.

Common use of the name "collie" in some areas is limited to certain breeds — the name means Rough Collie in parts of the United States, and Border Collie in many parts of Great Britain.  Most collie dog types do not actually include "collie" in their name (see Welsh Sheepdog at right).

Dog breeds
Michael Francis Land FRS (12 April 1942 – 14 December 2020) was a British neurobiologist. He was a professor of neurobiology in the vision laboratory at the Sussex Centre for Neuroscience, University of Sussex, England. He was known for his visual information of the retinas of mosquitoes.

Land died on 14 December 2020 at the age of 78.

References

1942 births
2020 deaths
British biologists
Neurologists
People from Sussex
Frank W. Christopherson Jr. (May 24, 1927 – December 15, 2020) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the Wisconsin Senate from 1963 to 1967. He also was in the Wisconsin Assembly from 1959 to 1963. Christopherson Jr. was born in Superior, Wisconsin.

Christopherson Jr. died on December 15, 2020 in Duluth, Minnesota at the age of 93.

References

1927 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Wisconsin
US Democratic Party politicians
People from Superior, Wisconsin
Sir Mekere Morauta, KCMG (12 June 1946 – 19 December 2020) was a Papua New Guinean politician and economist. He was the 7th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 1999 to 2002. Morauta was born in Kukipi, Territory of Papua. Morauta was a member of the People's Democratic Movement.

Morauta died on 19 December 2020 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. He was 74.

References

1946 births
2020 deaths
Prime Ministers of Papua New Guinea
Economists
The Welsh Sheepdog (, ) is a herding dog breed from Wales. Some people incorrectly call a Welsh Sheepdog a Welsh Collie - usually 'Welsh Collie' is used for a cross between a Welsh Sheepdog and a Border Collie, which is often a milder dog and easier to manage than the pure breed.

Like other types of working dog, Welsh Sheepdogs are normally bred for their herding abilities rather than appearance, and so they are different in build, colour and size.  Welsh Sheepdogs are the collie type, usually black-and-white, red-and-white or tricolour, and merle markings may occur over any of these combinations.  The coat may be short or fairly long, and the ears are pricked, but usually folded at the tip.  They are longer in leg, broader in chest and wider in muzzle than the Border Collie. They are extremely active and intelligent, and therefore need much exercise and mental stimulation, if they are to be kept as pets.

Over many decades the Welsh Sheepdog has mostly been replaced for working sheep in Wales by the Border Collie, a standardised breed. However, in more recent years, efforts have been made to keep the Welsh Sheepdog as a variety.

Welsh Sheepdogs are usually loose-eyed, not scaring the stock with their eyes like the  Border Collie.  They are able to work freely without being under human control.  Welsh Sheepdogs are most often used for herding sheep, but also work cattle, goats, and even horses and pigs.  They were often in the past used as a droving dog to take cattle and sheep to markets in Britain.

Health 
The Welsh Sheepdog is generally healthy, but can be infected by things most other herding breeds are infected by, such as:

• Atopic Dermatitis, which seems to be more common indoors for this breed. It causes irritation to the dog's skin.

• Collie Eye Anomaly, which is very common with collie breeds. It causes sight loss.

• Epilepsy, a brain disorder which causes seizures.

• Hip dysplasia, which makes the hip go weak. Mostly in growing dogs.

• Diabetes, which is not listed for the dog breed being more likely to get, but there are increasing numbers of this. It causes weight loss, and makes the dog urinate more.

Food levels 
The Welsh Sheepdog needs about three cups of dry food each day, which costs between $1.20 and $1.40. The monthly cost of this is about $35, but this can go to $45.

References 

Dog breeds
Michał Marusik (26 September 1951 — 18 December 2020) was a Polish politician. He was leader of the Congress of the New Right (KNP) from 2015 to 2017. He was a Congress of the New Right Member of the European Parliament representing Warsaw from 2014 to 2019. Marusik was born in Skrzynki, Poland.

Marusik died on 18 December 2020 in Warsaw at the age of 69.

References

1951 births
2020 deaths
MEPs for Poland
Former MEPs
Jerry Relph (September 4, 1944 − December 18, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. Relph was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Relph was a member of the Minnesota Senate from 2017 until his death.

Relph died on December 18, 2020 in St. Cloud, Minnesota from COVID-19 at the age of 76.

References

1944 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Boston, Massachusetts
Politicians from Minnesota
US Republican Party politicians
Nolan Ray Rogers (July 3, 1931 – December 18, 2020) was an American Republican politician and businessman. He was born in Pearl, Mississippi. Rogers was a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1984 until 2020.

Rogers died on December 18, 2020 at the age of 89.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Mississippi
US Republican Party politicians
Businesspeople from Mississippi
Tim Severin (25 September 1940 – 18 December 2020) was a British explorer, historian and writer. Severin was awarded both the Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society and the Livingstone Medal of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society. He received the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award for his 1982 book The Sindbad Voyage.

Severin died on 18 December 2020 in Cork, Ireland at the age of 80.

References

1940 births
2020 deaths
British explorers
British historians
Noureddine Yazid Zerhouni () (1937, – 18 December 2020) was a Tunisian-born Algerian politician. Zerhouni was the Minister of the Interior from 1999 to 2010 and Deputy Prime Minister from 2010 to 2012. He was born in Tunis.

Zerhouni died in Algiers on 18 December 2020 at the age of 83.

References

1937 births
2020 deaths
Tunisian politicians
Algerian politicians
People from Tunis
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
Peter Yariyok Jatau (5 August 1931 – 16 December 2020) was a Nigerian Roman Catholic archbishop. Jatau was born in Lagos, Nigeria. He became a priest in 1963. He was coadjutor archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaduna, Nigeria, from 1972 to 1975 and as archbishop of the archdiocese from 1975 to 2007.

Jatau died on 16 December 2020 at the age of 89.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
Nigerian people
Roman Catholic priests
Roman Catholic archbishops
Joseph Kyeong Kap-ryong (11 March 1930 – 16 December 2020) was a South Korean Roman Catholic bishop. Kyeong Kap-ryong was born in Seoul, South Korea. He became a priest in 1962. He was titular bishop of Buffada and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seoul from 1977 to 1984 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Daejeon, South Korea, from 1984 to 2005.

Kyeong Kap-ryong died on 16 December 2020 in Daejeon, South Korea at the age of 90.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops
Roman Catholic priests
People from Seoul
The Andean cat, Andean highland cat or Andean mountain cat (Leopardus jacobita) is a small wild cat that lives in the Andes mountain range.  They live in Peru, Bolivia, northern Argentina and northern Chile.

The adult Andean cat is 57 to 64 cm long from its nose to the end of its body, and its tail is another 41 to 48 cm long.  It is about 36 cm tall and weighs between 4 and 6 kg.  Its fur is gray with places that are brown and some stripes.  Its hairs can be 5 cm long.  Young cats have lighter fur than adult cats.  Young Andean cats look like pampas cats, which live in the same places as the Andean cat.

It eats many different kinds of small animals, for example lizards and birds.  Its main food is the mountain vizcacha.  Its main food used to be the mountain chinchilla, but most of the chinchillas are dead now and the ones that are a live do not live where the Andean cat lives.  This cat likes to live in rocky, open places more than it likes forests.

The Andean cat is in danger of dying out because humans are using or want to use the land that it lives on, breaking its living space into small pieces so that it has to cross roads and other human areas to get from place to place.  It is endangered because many of the animals it eats are gone. It is endangered because humans like to catch it for its fur.  It is also endangered because the Andean cat and its body parts is important to traditional medicine in Peru and in religious ceremonies for some of the indigenous people of the Andes.

References

Felines
Mammals of South America
The manosphere or androsphere are a collection of vlogs, forums and other platforms meant for men and boys. The content creators are usually older than those who watch. The androsphere includes people promoting intactivism, MGTOW (Men Going Their Own Way), people promoting fapstinence, male dating coaches, and MRA (men's rights activists). Some manospherians or androspherians have proposed there should be increased funding for the field of andrology or andrologists. Some in the androsphere also promote equal access to sphinx wax facilities.

References

Internet memes
Sexuality
Sami Americans are Americans of Sami descent, who originate from Sapmi, the northern regions of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Kola Peninsula of Russia.   Lapp Americans is sometimes used, but lapp is considered derogatory by the Sami.  It has been estimated that there are 30,000 people who are of Sami ancestry living in the United States.

References 

Ethnic groups in the United States
Group 9 is a group of elements in the periodic table.

Group 9 has cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir) and meitnerium (Mt).

Group 9 is in the transition metals section. It is worth noting that meitnerium has unknown chemical properties, but is probably a transition metal.

Transition metals
Periodic table
Giorgi (Gogi) Gvakharia (born 7 March, 1957) is a Georgian art critic, journalist, publicist and critic, member of the Georgian Cinematographers' Union, winner of the Saba Literary Prize, professor at Ilia State University, Doctor of Arts.

Other websites
 Biographical Dictionary of Georgia

1957 births
Journalists
Georgian people
Living people
Amber Valley is a constituency of the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Derbyshire, England. Conservative politician Nigel Mills has represented the constituency in the House of Commons since 2010. It was first created in 1983 from three older constituencies.

Members of Parliament

Elections

Elections in the 2010s

Elections in the 2000s

Elections in the 1990s

Elections in the 1980s

References

Constituencies in the United Kingdom
Derbyshire
Elias I (also Hélie or Élie; c. 1060 - 11 July 1110), called de la Flèche or de Baugency, was the Count of Maine. He succeeded his cousin Hugh V, Count of Maine.

1110s deaths
11th-century births
French nobility