cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Islam is a minority religion in Austria with 4.22% of the population in the 2001 census. Most Muslims came to Austria after 1960. They were migrant workers from Turkey and Ex-Yugoslavia. There are also communities of Arab and Pakistani origin.

The westernmost Bundesland Vorarlberg has the highest share of Muslims in the country with 8.36%. There is a lot of industry there. It is followed by the capital Vienna with 7.82%. The central Bundesländer Salzburg, Upper Austria, Tyrol and Lower Austria have an average Muslim population. The south-eastern states of Styria, Carinthia as well as Burgenland in the east have fewer Muslims than the average.

Austria is unique among Western European countries. It is until now the only country that has granted Muslims the status of a recognized religious community. They were first recognised after Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878. Austria has regulated the religious freedoms of the Muslim community with the so called "Anerkennungsgesetz" ("Act of Recognition"). This law was reactivated in 1979 when the Community of Muslim Believers in Austria (Islamische Glaubensgemeinschaft in Österreich) was founded. This organization has the right to give lessons of religious education in state schools. It could also collect "church tax", but so far it has not exercised this privilege. It does not build, finance or administer mosques in Austria.

Parallel structures exist within the Islamic religious group. The religious life takes place in mosques belonging to organisations. These organisations represent one of the currents of Turkish, Bosnian and Arab Muslims. Among the Turkish organisations, the "Federation of Turkish-Islamic Associations" is controlled by the Directorate for Religious Affairs, whereas the other groups, such as the Süleymancıs and Milli Görüş can be seen as branches of the pan-European organisation centered in Germany.

Muslims in Austria according to their ethnic groups

Further reading
 

 

 Study for Bundesministerium des Innern: Perspektiven und Herausforderungen in der Integration muslimischer MitbürgerInnen in Österreich, Mathias Rohe, Universität Erlangen. May 2006 (summary by MilitantIslamMonitor.Org: Radical Islam in Europe: Austrian government study concludes 45% of Muslims unwilling to integrate)
 Anna Strobel: Unique Legal Status – Muslims in Austria  From: Herder Korrespondenz, 2006/4, pp. 200–204
 Census 2001: Population 2001 according to religious affiliation, languages, origin and nationality (PDF)(German), Statistik Austria.

Austria
Religion in Austria
The London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) was the organisation responsible for public transport in London, England, United Kingdom, and its environs from 1933 to 1948. In common with all London transport authorities from 1933 to 2000, the public name and operational brand of the organisation was London Transport.

London bus route historic numbering
Historically, bus routes run by London Transport were grouped by the type of service that they provided.

The 1924 London Traffic Act imposed a numbering scheme known as the Bassom Scheme, named after Chief Constable A.E. Bassom of the Metropolitan Police who made it. Changing and short lines used letter suffixes. The numbers were grouped also by the company that operated the route.

The numbering was revised in 1934 after London Passenger Transport Board was formed:

References

Other websites
 The Railway Archive - London Passenger Transport Act, 1933 (25 MB)

Defunct companies of the United Kingdom
Intermodal transport authorities
1933 establishments
1948 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Brockley is an area and electoral ward of the London Borough of Lewisham in England. It is about  south east of Charing Cross, it is covered by the London postcode district SE4.

Areas of London
London Borough of Lewisham
Downham is a district occupying much of the boundary between the London Borough of Lewisham and the London Borough of Bromley; it is the name of an electoral ward covering much of the area on the Lewisham side. Downham was named in honour of Lord Downham, who was chairman of the London County Council between 1919-20.

Areas of London
Howard William Morenz (June 21, 1902 – March 8, 1937) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played centre for three National Hockey League (NHL) teams: the Montreal Canadiens (in two stints), the Chicago Black Hawks, and the New York Rangers. Before joining the NHL, Morenz was a very good player in the junior Ontario Hockey Association, where his team played for the Memorial Cup, the championship for junior ice hockey in Canada. In the NHL, he was one of the best players in the league and set several league scoring records. A strong skater, Morenz was called the "Stratford Streak" and "Mitchell Meteor" because he was very fast.

Considered one of the first stars of the NHL, Morenz played 14 seasons in the league. He was a member of a team that won the Stanley Cup three times, all of them being the Canadiens. During his NHL career he was in the top 10 leading scorers ten times. For seven seasons in a row Morenz led the Canadiens in both goals scored and points. Three times in he was named the most valuable player of the league, and he led the league once in goals scored and twice in points scored. He was named to the NHL All-Star Team three times.

Morenz died from problems with a broken leg, an injury he suffered in a game. After his death, the Canadiens stopped using his jersey number, the first time the team had done so for any player. When the Hockey Hall of Fame opened in 1945, Morenz was one of the first 12 people to be added. In 1950, the Canadian Press named him the best ice hockey player of the first half of the 20th century.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

All statistics are taken from NHL.com.

Awards

NHL

Notes

Other websites

1902 births
1937 deaths
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Blackhawks players
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Montreal Canadiens players
New York Rangers players
Stanley Cup champions
Cellular differentiation is how a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. It is part of developmental biology. Different tissues have different kinds of organelles inside the cells. 

Differentiation occurs many times during the development of a multicellular organism. The organism changes from a single zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation is also a common process in adults: adult stem cells divide to make fully-differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover.

Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to changes in gene expression. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. It does involve switching off many genes not needed in a particular tissue. Thus, cells in different tissues may have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.

Cell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types. A cell that is able to differentiate into many cell types is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants.  A cell that is able to differentiate into all cell types is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and early embryonic cells are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques.

References 

Genetics
Cell biology
Developmental biology
Gastrulation is a phase early in the development of most animal embryos. In it the embryo is dramatically restructured by cell migration.

Gastrulation varies in different phyla. It is followed by organogenesis, when individual organs develop within the newly formed germ layers.

The gastrula is the double-walled stage of the embryo. During gastrulation, some of the cells of the blastula migrate inwards to make an inner layer, the endoderm. In some animals another cell layer forms, the mesoderm, between the endoderm and the ectoderm.

Germ layers 
Among animals, sponges show the simplest organization, having a single germ layer. Cnidaria and ctenophores show an increase in complexity, having two germ layers, the endoderm and ectoderm. All higher animals (from flatworms to humans) possess a mesoderm as well as ectoderm and endoderm.

Development of germ layers 
The purpose of gastrulation is to position the 3 embryonic germ layers, the endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm. These layers later develop into certain bodily systems.

 The ectoderm develops into the skin, nails, the epithelium of the nose, mouth and anal canal; the lens of the eye, the retina and the nervous system.  
 The endoderm develops into the inner linings of the digestive tract, as well as the linings of the respiratory passages. It also forms many glands, such as the liver and pancreas.  
 The mesoderm forms the somites, the notochord, and the mesenchyme, which give rise to the muscles, circulatory and excretory systems of the body. This key innovation evolved hundreds of millions of years ago and led to the evolution of nearly all large, complex animals. The formation of a mesoderm led to the development of a coelom. Organs formed inside a coelom can freely move, grow, and develop independently of the body wall while fluid cushions and protects them from shocks.

Related pages
Cellular differentiation

References 

Developmental biology
Wat Phra-sri Rattana Mahathat or Wat Yai is the most important monastery of Phitsanulok. It was built in the reign of Phra Maha Thamma Racha I in 1357 BCE. In the temple, there is a Buddha image called Phra Buddha Chinnaraj. The pearl inlaid wooden doors of the temple were built by King Borommakot in 1756 as tribute to Phra Buddha Chinnaraj. Behind the temple, there is a large pagoda  high with a staircase leading up to the niche containing the Buddha relics. In front of the pagoda, there is Phra Attharos, a standing Buddha image.

Buddhist temples in Thailand
The Bibliothèque nationale de France is the National Library of France in Paris.

History
The National Library of France was founded at the Louvre by Charles V in 1368. It grew under Louis XIV and opened to the public in 1692. 

Following a series of regime changes in France, it became the Imperial National Library and in 1868 it moved to new buildings on the Rue de Richelieu. In 1896, the library was the largest collection of books in the world.

In 1988, President François Mitterrand agreed to build a new modern library. It now contains more than twenty million volumes.

Manuscripts 
The library has 5,000 Greek manuscripts and the Jikji (the oldest printed document with movable type).

References

 Riding, Alan.  "France Detects a Cultural Threat in Google," New York Times. April 11, 2005.

Buildings and structures in Paris
National libraries in Europe
Didcot is a town in Oxfordshire about  south of Oxford. Until 1974 it was part of Berkshire.

History and economy

During the Roman Empire the Romans dug a ditch that runs north through what is now known as the Ladygrove area north of the town near Long Wittenham.

Didcot first appears in historical records in the 13th century as Dudcotte, Berkshire.  Parts of the original village still exist in the Lydalls Road area and part of All Saints' Church dates back to the 11th century.

Railways
The Great Western Railway, designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, reached Didcot in 1839. In 1844 the Didcot railway station was opened. The original station burnt down in the later part of 19th century. 

Didcot is junction of the routes to London, Bristol and Oxford. It was formerly a junction for Southampton via the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway but that closed in the 1960s. 
The traffic to Southampton meant that the town had strategic importance to military logistics, in particular during the First World War campaign on the Western Front and the Second World War preparations for D-Day.

Power stations

The Didcot Power Stations (which are next to each other, and actually in Sutton Courtenay) supply electricity to the National Grid. The power station has also proved a popular man-made object for local photographers. One power station was closed in 2013 and has been demolished. The other is still operating in 2018.

Further reading

Other websites

Didcot Twinning Association
Didcot Railway Centre
Didcot.com community website
Didcot First  
Didcot Town FC
Future Didcot
Cornerstone arts centre
The Didcot Herald 
 Didcot Choral Society 

South Oxfordshire
Towns in Oxfordshire
13th-century establishments in England
Mason Evan Raymond (born September 17, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Vancouver Canucks and Toronto Maple Leafs. He was drafted 51st overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft.

On June 28, 2014, Raymond was signed as a free agent by the Calgary Flames to a three-year, $9.5 million contract.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1985 births
American Hockey League players
Anaheim Ducks players
Calgary Flames players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Living people
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Vancouver Canucks players
Pavol Demitra (November 29, 1974 – September 7, 2011) was a Slovak professional ice hockey centre who last played for the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He first played in the NHL in 1993, having previously played with the Ottawa Senators, who selected him in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft, St. Louis Blues, Los Angeles Kings and Minnesota Wild. Before he joined the NHL, Demitra played in Slovakia, as well as the American Hockey League (AHL) and International Hockey League (IHL), minor professional leagues in North America. In Demitra's NHL career spanning 16 years, he has achieved the 300-goal mark and won the Lady Byng Trophy for sportsmanship in 2000. On September 7, 2011, at 4:02 PM local time, Demitra died when a Yakovlev Yak-42 passenger aircraft, that was carrying the entire hockey team of Lokomotiv Yaroslavl crashed near Yaroslavl, Russia. The plane was on its way to Minsk, Belarus, to start the 2011-12 KHL season.

References

Other websites

1974 births
2011 deaths
Aviation deaths
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy winners
Los Angeles Kings players
Minnesota Wild players
Ottawa Senators players
Slovak ice hockey players
St. Louis Blues players
Vancouver Canucks players
American Hockey League players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Ice hockey centres
Kevin Francesco Bieksa (born June 16, 1981 in Grimsby, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). After playing junior hockey in Ontario, Bieksa was awarded a scholarship to Bowling Green University, where he spent four years. While at university, Bieksa was selected by the Canucks in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft, and joined their minor league partner, the Manitoba Moose of the American Hockey League (AHL), after graduating. After spending time with the Moose, he joined the Canucks. A physical defenceman, Bieksa has increased his scoring totals in each of the full seasons he has played in the NHL.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

References

Other websites
 

1981 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Vancouver Canucks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
American Hockey League players
The 1992 United States presidential election happened on November 3, 1992. Bill Clinton, the Democratic candidate and Governor of Arkansas, won the election. He defeated the incumbent president, George H. W. Bush, who was a Republican, and Ross Perot, an independent candidate. 

Clinton got 370 electoral votes, Bush got 168, and Perot got 0. A person running for president needs to get 270 to win.

George H.W. Bush may have lost the election for several reasons.  He broke his promise of "Read my lips: no new taxes" by increasing taxes during his term.  Some of his most well-known accomplishments during his presidency came from his foreign policy, and because of the Cold War and Gulf War being over, foreign policy became a smaller issue, as the economy became a bigger issue, since the economy was bad.  

Prior to 2020, this was the last election where a candidate won the presidency without winning Florida.

Candidates

Republican Party
Republican candidates
George H. W. Bush, President of the United States from Texas
Pat Buchanan, conservative columnist from Virginia
David Duke, state representative from Louisiana
Harold Stassen, former Governor of Minnesota and perennial candidate

Candidates gallery

Democratic Party
Democratic candidates
Bill Clinton, Governor of Arkansas
Jerry Brown, former Governor of California
Paul Tsongas, former U.S. Senator from Massachusetts
Bob Kerrey, U.S. Senator from Nebraska
Tom Harkin, U.S. Senator from Iowa
Douglas Wilder, Governor of Virginia
Eugene McCarthy, former U.S. Senator from Minnesota
Larry Agran, former Mayor of Irvine, California

Candidates gallery

Other websites
1992 popular vote by counties
1992 popular vote by state
1992 popular vote by states (with bar graphs)

References

Presidential election
1992 elections
1992
South Jakarta () is a city in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the second largest administrative city in Jakarta after East Jakarta. 

South Jakarta is divided into five subdistricts: Kebayoran Baru, Kebayoran Lama, Pesanggrahan, Setiabudi, Cilandak, Pasar Minggu, and Jagakarsa.

Other websites
Official site.

Jakarta
Alexandre Bolduc (born June 26, 1985 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who currently plays for the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Bolduc was selected by the St. Louis Blues with the 127th pick in the 2004 NHL Draft but never played for them. He has also played for the Vancouver Canucks. He signed a contract with the Coyotes on July 2, 2011.

References

1985 births
American Hockey League players
Arizona Coyotes players
Canadian ice hockey centres
ECHL players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Living people
People from Montreal
Phoenix Coyotes players
Rouyn-Noranda Huskies players
Shawinigan Cataractes players
Vancouver Canucks players
The Manitoba Moose are a professional ice hockey team that play in the American Hockey League (AHL). They play in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, at the MTS Centre. They are the farm team of the Winnipeg Jets.

The team originally played as the Manitoba Moose from 1996 until 2011. They were relocated to St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador and became the St. John's IceCaps, which is the AHL farm team of the Winnipeg Jets. The team played in St. John's for four seasons.

In May 2015, it was announced that the team would be returning to Winnipeg and would be once again be called the Manitoba Moose.

References

Other websites
Manitoba Moose Official Site
The Internet Hockey Database - Manitoba Moose (AHL)
The Internet Hockey Database - Manitoba Moose (IHL)
Manitoba Moose on CJOB

1996 establishments in Canada
2011 disestablishments in Canada
2015 establishments in North America
American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Canada
Sport in Manitoba
2010s establishments in Canada
Sticklebacks are fish of the Gasterosteidae family. FishBase currently recognises sixteen species in the family, grouped in five genera. Several of the species have a number of recognised subspecies, and the taxonomy of the family is thought to be in need of revision. 

An unusual features of sticklebacks is that they have no scales, although some species have bony armour plates. They are related to pipefish and seahorses. Stickleback species are found in fresh water environments in Europe, Asia and North America. They feed on small crustaceans and fish larvae.

Sticklebacks have strong separated spines in the dorsal fin. All species show similar mating behaviour, with co-operation between the sexes, and protection of the eggs. The males construct a nest from vegetation held together by secretions from their kidneys. The males then attract females to the nest. The females lay their eggs inside, where the males fertilise them. The males then guards the eggs until they hatch.

References 

 
 

Teleosts
John Burdon Sanderson Haldane FRS (3 November 1892 – 1 December 1964), known as Jack (but who used 'J.B.S.' in his printed works), was a British geneticist and evolutionary biologist who emigrated to India towards the end of his life. He was one of the founders (along with Ronald Fisher and Sewall Wright) of population genetics.

Jack Haldane was a communist, atheist and a writer of popular science books, and articles for the Daily Worker. His major professional work was his contribution of mathematical papers on the theory of evolution, which assisted the modern evolutionary synthesis.

Career 
Between 1919 and 1922 he was a Fellow of New College, Oxford University, then moved to Cambridge University, where he accepted a Readership in Biochemistry at Trinity College and taught there until 1932. During his nine years at Cambridge, Haldane worked on enzymes and genetics, particularly the mathematical side of genetics. Haldane wrote many popular essays on science that were eventually collected and published in 1927 in a volume entitled Possible Worlds.

He then accepted a position as Professor of Genetics and moved to University College London where he spent most of his academic career. Four years later he became the first Weldon Professor of Biometry at University College London.
 
Haldane's move to India, initially to the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) was influenced by a number of factors. Officially he stated that his chief political reason was in response to the Suez Crisis. He wrote: "Finally, I am going to India because I consider that recent acts of the British Government have been violations of international law." 

His interest in India was also because of his interest in biological research, belief that the warm climate would do him good and that India offered him freedom and shared socialist dreams. At the ISI, he headed the biometry unit and spent time researching a range of topics and guiding other researchers around him.

References 

 Haldane J.B.S. 1932. The causes of evolution.

1892 births
1964 deaths
English biologists
English geneticists
The "Lost Generation" is a term used to describe a number of  American writers and artists who went to live in Europe after the First World War. People associated with the Lost Generation include Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, Sherwood Anderson and John Steinbeck.

The term has also been used more recently to describe those unable to find work after the global financial crisis of 2008-2009.

Origin of the term

The writer and poet Gertrude Stein is often considered to have come up with the term She supposedly heard her  French garage owner speak of his unskilled young workers as "une generation perdue" (a generation lost). Ernest Hemingway then used the term in the introduction to his novel The Sun Also Rises.

The term is generally used for the period from the end of the First World War to the beginning of the Great Depression.

Meaning

After the First World War, members of the Lost Generation decided that they did not want to live a normal life in America. They went to Europe, often Paris. Away from America, the Lost Generation often  drank heavily, had affairs and tried to find meaning in life. The Lost Generation produced some of the finest writing of all time, and arguably created a new style of writing.

Notes

Great Depression
William Donald Hamilton FRS (1 August 1936 – 7 March 2000) was an English evolutionary biologist whom Richard Dawkins praised as one of the greatest evolutionary theorists of the 20th century.

Hamilton became famous through his theoretical work on kin selection and altruism. He explained its genetic basis, and this was a key part of the  gene-centered view of evolution. In doing this, he became one of the forerunners of sociobiology, as popularized by E.O. Wilson. Hamilton was certainly a big influence on Dawkins. He also published important work on sex ratios and the evolution of sex. From 1984 to his death in 2000, he was the Royal Society Research Professor at Oxford University. He died of malaria contracted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Hamilton's equation 
Hamilton's equation describes whether or not a gene for altruistic behaviour will spread in a population. The gene will spread if rxb is greater than c:

where:
  is the reproductive cost to the altruist,
  is the reproductive benefit to the recipient of the altruistic behavior, and
  is the probability, above the population average, of the individuals sharing an altruistic gene – the "degree of relatedness".

Collected papers 
Hamilton started to publish his collected papers starting in 1996, with short essays giving each paper context. He died after the preparation of the second volume, so the commentaries for the third volume came from his coauthors.

References 

1936 births
2000 deaths
English mathematicians
English geneticists
English evolutionary biologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
John Maynard Smith, FRS (6 January 1920 – 19 April 2004) was a British theoretical evolutionary biologist and geneticist. Originally an aeronautical engineer during the Second World War, he then took a second degree in genetics under the well-known biologist J.B.S. Haldane. Maynard Smith was instrumental in the application of game theory to evolution and theorized on other problems such as the evolution of sex and signalling theory.

Awards 
He won most of the awards available to scientists:

Fellow, Royal Society (1977)
Darwin Medal (1986)
Frink Medal (1990)
Balzan Prize (1991)
Linnean Medal (1995)
Royal Medal (1997)
Crafoord Prize (1999)
Copley Medal (1999)
Kyoto Prize (2001)
Darwin-Wallace Award (2008).  This was at the time awarded every 50 years by the Linnean Society of London. Maynard Smith was one of thirteen co-recipients.

Maynard Smith has an Erdős number of four.

Books 
 Maynard Smith J. 1958. The theory of evolution. London, Penguin Books. 
 1993 edn 
 Maynard Smith J. 1968. Mathematical ideas in biology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN
 Maynard Smith J. 1972. On evolution. Edinburgh University Press. 
 Maynard Smith J. 1974. Models in ecology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN
 Maynard Smith J. 1978. The evolution of sex. Cambridge University Press. 
 Maynard Smith J. (ed) 1981. Evolution now. London, Macmillan. 
 Maynard Smith J. 1982. Evolution and the theory of games. Cambridge University Press. 
 Maynard Smith J. 1986. The problems of biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 
 Maynard Smith J. 1988. Did Darwin get it right?: essays on games, sex and evolution. London, Chapman & Hall. 
 Maynard Smith J. 1989. Evolutionary genetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 
 Maynard Smith J. and Szathmáry E. 1997. The major transitions in evolution. New York: Oxford University Press. 
 Maynard Smith J. and Szathmáry E. 1999. The origins of life: from the birth of life to the origin of language. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 
 Maynard Smith J. and Harper D. 2003. Animal signals. Oxford University Press.

References 

1920 births
2004 deaths
English biologists
English geneticists
British zoologists
English science writers
Kawasaki Station (川崎駅,かわさきえき) is a railway station of JR East,  in Kawasaki, Japan.

Adjacent stations
JR East
Tōkaidō Line
Rapid Acty, Local
Shinagawa - Kawasaki - Yokohama
Keihin-Tōhoku Line
 Rapid, Local
Kamata - Kawasaki - Tsurumi
Nambu Line
Kawasaki - Shitte

Other websites

Railway stations in Kanagawa Prefecture
Mudvayne is an American heavy metal band. They formed in Peoria, Illinois in 1996. They play for the record label Epic Records.

History

Beginnings (1996–98) 
In 1996, the band was formed with it's original line-up. In 1997, the band released their very first EP, Kill, I Oughta. In 1998, the band got signed under Epic Records.

L.D. 50 (1999–2001) 
In 1999, the band started working on their debut album, which was released on August 22, 2000. The album peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart and No. 85 on the Billboard 200. The band participated in the Tattoo to Earth tour, along with many other bands. This album contains the singles Dig and Death Blooms.

The End of All Things to Come (2002–03) 
In January 2002, the band was starting to work on their second album. It was released on November 19, 2002. It was certified Gold by the RIAA in 2003. Also in 2003, the band had participated in the Summer Sanitarium Tour. This album contains the singles Not Falling and World So Cold.

Lost and Found (2004–06) 
The album was worked on all throughout 2004, it was set to be released in November 2004, with its first single (Determined) set to be released in September of that year, but was pushed back due to production issues, it was eventually released on April 12, 2005. The album sold 100, 000 copies at the week of it's release. It debuted at No. 2 and was certified Gold by the RIAA later that same year. This album contains the singles Determined (which was nominated at the 2006 Grammy Awards), Happy?, Forget to Remember and Fall into Sleep.

By the People, for the People, The New Game, self-titled album and Break-up (2007–10) 
On November 27, 2007, Mudvayne released their compilation album. Also in 2007, they have been working on a new album, which was released on November 18, 2008. It was initially set for a late 2007 release but production was temporarily put on hold in mid 2007, before resuming in early 2008. The album debuted at No. 15 on the Billboard 200. It sold 48, 000 copies at the week of it's release. This album contains the singles Do What You Do, A New Game and Scarlet Letters. 

In 2008, right after the release of their fourth album, they started to work on their final album, which was their self titled album. It was released on December 21, 2009. The album debuted at No. 54 on the Billboard 200 and sold around 34, 000 copies at the week of it's release. By the next week, sales dropped drastically. This album contains the single Scream with Me.

1996 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
1990s establishments in Illinois
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
2010 disestablishments in the United States
Alternative metal bands
American heavy metal bands
Musical groups disestablished in 2010
Musical groups established in 1996
Musical groups from Illinois
Alastair John Campbell (born 25 May 1957) was the Director of Communications and Strategy for the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (Tony Blair) between 1997 and 2003.

He used to work for the Daily Mirror as their politics reporter, and was an alcoholic. Then he had a breakdown, gave up drinking, and started working for Tony Blair in 1994. He was seen as one of the main spin doctors in the Labour Party. He eventually resigned over the 45 minute claim in the dossier prepared over the Iraq War, after the Hutton report had come out and Dr. David Kelly was dead.

He currently works as a broadcaster, journalist and spokesman for Leukaemia Research. He is said to be re-joining the Labour campaign team for the 2010 election. He is an atheist.

References 

1957 births
Living people
British atheists
British journalists
British politicians
A cave is a natural underground hollow space. They can have narrow passageways (corridors) and chambers (caverns). They are usually formed when underground acidic (sour) water wears away softer stones, such as limestone. Only the hard rock, such as granite, is left. Caves can also be formed during natural catastrophes, such as earthquakes, or by ice and glaciers.

Caves can have formations in them such as stalagmites and stalactites. These are made over thousands of years by water dripping and leaving mineral deposits.

Many creatures live in the entrance areas of caves, for example snakes, mice, spiders & porcupines. Only a few animals are found deep in caves. Bats often live in caves. Another common creature found in caves is cave crickets. 

In the past, people lived in caves. People used to live in many European caves in the Stone Age. Caves still provide shelter for trekkers. Some caves have beautiful paintings on the walls. 

People who explore caves are called cavers or speleologists. (The study of caves is called speleology.) They go into caves for fun, exercise and to see the different formations. This can be a dangerous sport because caves sometimes have deep holes. Cavers also have to climb and crawl through the passages. Cavers usually go into caves with four or more people. Each person has 2 or 3 light sources. One light is attached to each helmet. People go into caves to try and explore more about the world.
Mickey Mouse Clubhouse was a children's television series on Playhouse Disney and Disney Channel. It was produced by Disney.
It showed Mickey Mouse and his playmates in their journeys in different places as they learned on the way.
They took help with 3, 4 or 5 items called Mouskatools given by a Mickey Head looking Toodles.

Other websites

References 

2006 American television series debuts
Television series by Disney
Children's television series
Alexandre Ménard-Burrows (born April 11, 1981) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey winger with the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He also played for the Ottawa Senators. He is known for his ascension to the NHL from being an undrafted player in the ECHL.

Career statistics

References

Other websites
 

1981 births
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Living people
Vancouver Canucks players
American Hockey League players
The Slovak men's national ice hockey team is one of the best national ice hockey teams in the world.  As of 2008, the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), the world governing body of ice hockey, ranks them as the eighth best national team. The team is operated by the Slovak Ice Hockey Federation under general manager Peter Bondra, and head coach Ján Filc. In the last six years, Slovakia has won three medals at the World Championships, including a gold medal in 2002. Slovakia has a total of 12,375 hockey players (0.23% of the population).

History
The Slovak national team was created after Czechoslovakia was split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. For years, the Czechs kept control over how the Czechoslovakian national team was run, and limited how many Slovak players were on the team. When the country became two, the Czech Republic team was allowed to compete at the highest pool (A), and the IIHF ruled that because fewer players of the former Czechoslovak team were Slovaks, Slovakia have to start international play in pool C, the lowest group. However, Slovakia's play in the lower pools won it promotion to pool A by 1996.

Olympic record

 1994 - Finished in 6th place
 1998 - Finished in 10th place
 2002 - Finished in 13th place
 2006 - Finished in 5th place (see roster)
 2010 - Finished in 4th place

World Cup record
1996 - Did not qualify
2004 - Lost in quarter-finals

World Championship record

1994 - Finished in 21st place (winner of the "Pool C")
1995 - Finished in 13th place (winner of the "Pool B")
1996 - Finished in 10th place
1997 - Finished in 9th place
1998 - Finished in 7th place
1999 - Finished in 7th place
2000 - Won silver medal 
2001 - Finished in 7th place
2002 - Won gold medal
2003 - Won bronze medal 
2004 - Finished in 4th place
2005 - Finished in 5th place
2006 - Finished in 8th place
2007 - Finished in 6th place
2008 - Finished in 13th place
2009 - Finished in 10th place

World Championship 2009 Roster

2002 Gold Medallists

Goalies:
Ján Lašák,
Rastislav Staňa,
Miroslav Šimonovič.

Defensemen: 
Jerguš Bača,
Ladislav Čierny,
Radoslav Hecl,
Richard Lintner,
Dušan Milo,
Peter Smrek,
Martin Štrbák,
Ľubomír Višňovský.

Forwards:
Ľuboš Bartečko,
Peter Bondra,
Michal Handzuš,
Miroslav Hlinka,
Ladislav Nagy,
Vladimír Országh,
Žigmund Pálffy,
Rastislav Pavlikovský,
Róbert Petrovický,
Peter Pucher,
Radovan Somík,
Jozef Stümpel,
Miroslav Šatan,
Róbert Tomík,
Marek Uram.

References
  - from the National Hockey League
   - from Sports Illustrated
  - from International Ice Hockey Federation

Ice hockey in Europe
National ice hockey teams
Sport in Slovakia
Timothy Thomas, Jr. (born April 15, 1974), called The Tank, is a former American professional ice hockey goaltender under contract with the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was raised in Flint, Michigan and played college hockey for the University of Vermont for four years from 1993–1997, during which, he was selected 217th overall by the Quebec Nordiques in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft. He played for several years in the minor leagues and Europe before becoming the Boston Bruins' starting goaltender. He, along with Manny Fernandez, is the current holder of the William M. Jennings Trophy. Thomas is a two-time NHL All-Star, and was the winner of the 2009 Vezina Trophy as the league's best goaltender. The Bruins suspended Thomas for not reporting to training camp and he was traded to the Islanders for a conditional 2nd round pick in either 2014 or 2015.

References

Other websites 

1974 births
American ice hockey players
Boston Bruins players
Dallas Stars players
Conn Smythe Trophy winners
Florida Panthers players
Living people
Sportspeople from Michigan
Stanley Cup champions
Vezina Trophy winners
Christopher Claus Andersen (born July 7, 1978) is an American former basketball player. Andersen was born in Long Beach, California, grew up in Iola, Texas, and played one year at Blinn College. He was nicknamed "Birdman" by Junior Harrington, another former NBA player, for having wing tattoos on his inner biceps. He received a two-year ban from the NBA in 2006 for violating the league's drug policy, but was reinstated on March 4, 2008. During his 17-year, career, he played for the Denver Nuggets, New Orleans Hornets, Miami Heat, Memphis Grizzlies, and Cleveland Cavaliers and won a championship with the Heat in 2013. He also played for the Chinese Basketball Association. He now plays in the Big3 League.

References

Other websites
 

1978 births
Basketball players from California
Living people
Denver Nuggets players
New Orleans Hornets players
Miami Heat players
Memphis Grizzlies players
Cleveland Cavaliers players
People from Long Beach, California
The assassination (murder) of Julius Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by forty Roman senators, the self-styled Liberatores. They were led by Cassius and Brutus.

The senators stabbed Caesar to death in the Theatre of Pompey on the Ides of March, 15 March 44 BC. Caesar was the dictator of the Roman Republic at the time. He had been declared dictator perpetuo (dictator for life) by the Senate. This declaration resulted in many senators fearing that Caesar wanted to overthrow the Senate in favour of a tyranny. 

The assassination led to civil war. The Second Triumvirate led to the ascendancy of Caesar's adopted heir Octavian to the position of emperor, and the end of the Republic leading to the Roman Empire. In the end, by murdering Caesar, the Liberators caused the end of the Republic they supported.

List of conspirators 
The known members of the plot were:
Gaius Cassius Longinus
Marcus Junius Brutus
Servius Sulpicius Galba
Quintus Ligarius
Lucius Minucius Basilus
Servilius Casca
Gaius Servilius Casca (Servilius Casca's brother)
Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus
Tillius Cimber
Caius Trebonius
Caecilius
Bucolianus (Caecilius' brother)
Rubrius Ruga
Marcus Spurius
Sextius Naso
Minucius Basilus
Pontius Aquila

44 BC
Ancient Rome
Julius Caesar
March events
Asclepias incarnata is a species of milkweed plant.  It is also known as the swamp milkweed, the rose milkweed, the pink milkweed, the swamp milkweed, and white Indian hemp.  It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.  It is native to North America.  It blooms from June to August.  The flowers are pink. Swamp milkweed is found in wet meadows, prairies, swamps, and marshes.  It likes moist soil and sunny or partly shaded places.  It grows to a height of 0.3 to 1.5 meters (1–5 feet).<ref name=wc>William Cullina (2000). Wildflowers: A Guide to Growing and Propagating Native Flowers of North America. The New England Wildflower Society. </reb>

References

Other websites

Asclepias incarnata at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias incarnata at Evergreen Native Plant Database

i
A seizure response dog is a dog who is specially trained to help its owner during a seizure.  These dogs' jobs may include:
Getting help, by finding a human, hitting an alarm, or using a pre-programmed phone to call 911
Protecting their owner from getting hurt, either by pulling unsafe things away, or by blocking people who try to walk into obstacles and onto streets
Bracing the person having the seizure so they don't fall or hurt themselves, or turning the person on their side
Waking the unconscious owner during or after a seizure
Certain kinds of dogs are able to predict that a person is about to have an epileptic seizure.  This gives the person time to get to a safe place before the seizure starts.  Usually, people say that dogs develop this behavior spontaneously (on their own), or over some time. There have been some studies where dogs were trained to alert to seizures when they were given rewards for correctly predicting seizures - but these studies were only partly successful.  Some untrained dogs may help their owners during a seizure, but there are also reports of dogs that have reacted aggressively or even died as a result of witnessing or anticipating their owner's seizure.

References

Working dogs
Service animals
A guitar chord is made up of two or more notes, played on a guitar at one time. Chord voicings, that is the choice of individual notes in the chord, can be changed for many different purposes and playing styles. 

The guitar is very capable and useful for playing chords; but it does have some differences with other instruments. Most guitars only have six strings. This means that for the very largest of chord-voicings it is often necessary to not use one or more tones from the chord. The layout of notes on the fretboard sometimes means that the notes in a chord are not played in tonal order, or make possible a chord that is composed of more than one note of the same pitch. Many chords can be played with the same notes in more than one place on the fretboard.

Guitars can vary both in the number of strings they have. They can also be tuned differently. Most guitars used in popular music have six-strings and are tuned : E-A-D-G-B-e. Usually the string with the highest pitch (the thinnest) is called the first string, and the string having the lowest pitch (the thickest) is called the sixth.

Guitars
Asclepias tuberosa (also known as the butterfly flower) is a species of milkweed plant.  It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.  It is native to North America.  It blooms from June to September.  The flowers are orange, red-orange, or yellow.  This species is found in prairies, meadows, and fields.  It likes well-drained soil and sunny or partly shaded places.  Butterfly Weed grows from 0.3 to 0.9 meters tall (1–3 feet).

It has many other names, including the butterfly weed, the Canada root, the chigger flower (or chiggerflower), the fluxroot, the Indian paintbrush, the Indian posy, the orange milkweed, the orange swallow-wort, the Pleurisy Root, the silky swallow-wort, the tuber root, the yellow milkweed, the white-root, and the windroot.

Common names 
Butterfly Weed has many common names.  Here is a list of them:
<div float="left">

 Canada Root
 Chigger Flower
 Chiggerflower
 Fluxroot
 Indian Paintbrush
 Indian Posy
 Orange Milkweed

 Orange Swallow-wort
 Pleurisy Root
 Silky Swallow-wort
 Tuber Root
 Yellow Milkweed
 White-root
 Windroot

References

Other websites 

 Asclepias tuberosa at USDA PLANT Database
 Asclepias tuberosa at Evergreen Native Plant Database

t
Intel Core i7 is a name that the company Intel uses for the computer processors it makes for high-end desktop and laptop computers and tablets. Intel uses this name for the fastest processors that they think will be used to build the most powerful consumer devices. The 'Core' part of the name, which refers to the processor's core, has been used by Intel since 2006, but the first Core i7 processor was released 3 years later in 2009. 

There are different types of Core i7 processor. The name does not name a type. Instead, it is the name for all of the fast processors that Intel thinks should be sold to consumers. Intel uses two other "Core i-" names for its processors for consumers: "Core i5" and "Core i3." The "Core i5" processors are mostly as fast as i7 processors, but lack the Hyper Threading technology which allows each core to be used twice simultaneously giving the impression of doubling the cores. 

Intel uses a different name, Xeon, for processors that Intel makes for "server" computers for businesses (and some rare laptops). Some of the "Core i7" processors are almost the same as some of the "Xeon" processors, but each of the Xeon processors is a little bit different than the "Core i7" processor, because a "server" computer is not the same as a consumer computer. Intel also makes other "Xeon" processors that are not the same as any "Core i7" processor. Unlike the Core i7, Xeon processors support ECC (error corrected) memory, and multiple CPUs on the same motherboard.

References

Intel Core processors

en:Intel Core#Core i7
Sacred dance is a kind of dance that  all movements that are religious in nature.  An example of a sacred dance is the dance done by a whirling dervish.

Ritual dances
Population genetics is the branch of genetics which studies the genetic composition of populations. It brings together genetics, evolution, natural selection, breeding, statistics and mathematics. Mathematical and computer models are produced, and field research is done to test the models.

"Population geneticists spend most of their time doing one of two things: describing the genetic structure of populations, or theorizing on the evolutionary forces acting on populations.

A brief history 
Starting, perhaps, with G. Udny Yule's paper in 1902, population theorists tackled key issues in genetics and evolution. G.H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg showed that if a population had random mating, no selection, migration or mutation, then the proportion of alleles would remain the same generation after generation. This was the Hardy–Weinberg law, the first great result of this new field of research.

Population genetics made great progress from 1918 to 1937. During this period, Ronald Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane and Sewall Wright worked on the connection between evolution and genetics, using new mathematical techniques, such as statistical probability. E.B. Ford and Theodosius Dobzhansky did field research on the genetics of natural populations of lepidoptera and Drosophila, respectively. Broadly speaking, this work proved that the newly rediscovered Mendelian genetics could be reconciled with Darwinian evolution. This laid the groundwork for the modern evolutionary synthesis, which took place in the following years, from about 1937 to 1953.

In the second half of the 20th century, population geneticists tackled a range of complex evolutionary problems, such as the evolution of sex, sexual selection, kin selection (altruism), mimicry and molecular evolution. The key figures included John Maynard Smith, Motoo Kimura and William Hamilton. Techniques developed for population genetics help to decide what contribution heredity and environment make in developmental biology.

Genetic hitch-hiking and selective sweep 
These concepts apply when a mutation is strongly favoured and "pulls along" nearby genes on its chromosome. The genes pulled along are genes which are previously under little selection. In a selective sweep, positive selection causes the new mutation to reach fixation (be the only allele present at that locus in all members of the population) so quickly that linked alleles can "hitchhike" and also become fixed. Evidence is growing that this effect does happen.

References 

Classical genetics
Evolutionary biology
Fields of mathematics
Statistics