cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Elaine Devry (born Thelma Elaine Mahnken; January 10, 1930) is an American actress.

Her first movie was The Atomic Kid, in which she and her husband Mickey Rooney co-starred. Devry made three guest appearances on Perry Mason, including the title role of defendant Janice Wainwright in the 1962 episode "The Case of the Shapely Shadow." 

She also appeared in many other popular television series, including Death Valley Days, Bonanza, 77 Sunset Strip, Burke's Law, Family Affair, I Dream of Jeannie, Marcus Welby, M.D., Dragnet, and Tales of Wells Fargo.

References

1930 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Los Angeles
People from Compton, California
Lorenzo Fernando Lamas (born January 20, 1958) is an American actor. He is best known for his role of Lance Cumson in the soap opera Falcon Crest (1981–1990).

Lamas is also known for his roles as Reno Raines in the crime drama series Renegade (1992–1997), and Hector Ramirez in the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful (2004–2006).

References

1958 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Santa Monica, California
Fernando Álvaro Lamas y de Santos (January 9, 1916October 8, 1982) was an Argentine-American actor and director. He was known for playing the "Latin Lover" in many movies during the 1940s and 1950s.

In 1951, Lamas starred as Paul Sarnac in the musical, Rich, Young and Pretty with Jane Powell. He also starred in The Law and the Lady (1952) which was very unpopular.

He also starred alongside Elizabeth Taylor in The Girl Who Had Everything (1952).

He is the father of actor Lorenzo Lamas. He was married to Arlene Dahl between 1954 to 1960. He was also married to Esther Williams between 1969 until his death.

References

1916 births
1982 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Argentine movie actors
Argentine television actors
Argentine stage actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
People from Buenos Aires
Actors from Los Angeles
Argentine movie directors
Movie directors from Los Angeles
American television directors
This is an article about the history of Female Go players.

Social background
Female Go players are viewed to be a minority. This is due to these reasons: 
 There are many male players but only few female players.
 In Japan, there are only three female 8-dan players. And there are no female 9-dan. In addition, there are no female winners at games without gender rules. Asami Ueno was the first female player who managed to be a finalist.
 In China, there was no female 9-dan before Rui Naiwei.
 Most players and winners at World championships are male.
 Not all female players are fairly paid. Joanne Missingham is known for her protests to this issue.
 At most Go organizations, directors are only male.
These are caused by many reasons. One factor is they retire earlier due to marriage, pregnancy and maternity.

Comparison with female shogi players
In Japan, Go players are always compared with shogi players. This is because newspapers like Asahi Shinbun treat them equal. But there is a big difference among female players. Female Go players usually belong to the same organization with others. But this does not happen for shogi. Female shogi players belong to the Ladies Professional Shogi Association (LPSA). The others belong to the Japan Shogi Association (JSA). Some LPSA players like Kana Satomi have tried to enter JSA. But currently, no one has entered.

Promotion of female players

Europe
In Europe, there were no notable female players before Svetlana Shikshina and Diana Koszegi. In order to increase female players, the European Go Federation is holding the European Womens Go Championship (EWGC) since 1996 and the European Pair Go Championship (EPGC) since 1997.

Japan
Kansai Ki-in has eased the age rules to female players. At Nihon Ki-in, there is a special exam for female players. Most female professionals (except Xie Yimin and Keiko Kato etc.) have got their pro status by this way. In 2019, Nihon Ki-in has started a female player test system to give more support to them. Nihon Ki-in is also sponsoring female amateur games.

Female Student Honinbo

This is a tournament operated with the All Japan Student Go Federation. Some winners have got pro status, or became top amateur players. Only players who cleared regional games can attend.

All Japan Female Amateur Go Championship

The All Japan Female Amateur Go Championship is the highest match for female amateur Go players. Some winners have became a pro. The next table shows the notable winners.

Kaori Chinen, Yukari Yoshihara and Rina Fujisawa also joined this game.

Notes

Go players
Sportswomen
Gender
Rahat Indori (1 January 1950 – 11 August 2020) was an Indian Bollywood lyricist and Urdu poet. He was also a former professor of Urdu language and a painter. He was a language professor at Devi Ahilya University, Indore. As a movie score composer, his best known works were Khuddar, Mission Kashmir and Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities. Indori was born in Indore, Madhya Pradesh.

Indori died on 11 August 2020 at a hospital in Indore from COVID-19, aged 70. He was tested positive for the infection the night before.

References

1950 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Indian composers
Indian poets
Indian educators
Indian artists
Urdu poets
Shakuntala Devi (4 November 1929 – 21 April 2013) was an Indian writer and mental calculator. She was popularly known as the "Human Computer". Devi wanted to make mathematics easier for students. 

Her talent earned her a place in the 1982 edition of The Guinness Book of World Records. However, the certificate for the record was given posthumously on 30 July 2020, despite Devi achieving her world record on 18 June 1980. In 2019, a movie was made in memory of her. The name of the movie was Shakuntala Devi.

References

1929 births
2013 deaths
Indian writers
Child prodigies
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cheraw ( ,  ) is a town on the Pee Dee River in Chesterfield County South Carolina, United States. The population was 5,851 at the 2010 census. It has been nicknamed "The Prettiest Town in Dixie".

References

Towns in South Carolina
The Jodrell Bank Observatory a radio telescope in Cheshire. It picks up radio waves from outer space. Jodrell Bank is mainly used for investigating radio waves from the planets and stars.

It was the idea of its first director, Bernard Lovell, to use radio signals to investigate cosmic rays. Lovell, Professor of Astronomy at Manchester University, had worked on radar in World War II. The observatory was set up in 1945.  

It has been used to research meteoroids, quasars, pulsars, masers and gravitational lenses. It was heavily involved in tracking space probes.

The main telescope at the observatory is the Lovell Telescope. It has diameter of , and is the third largest steerable radio telescope in the world. There are three other active telescopes at the observatory. 

The Jodrell Bank Observatory is the base of the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN), a "National Facility" run by the University of Manchester. What this means is that radio telescopes can work together to form a long baseline to better collect data from an important phenomenon. There are three other active telescopes at the observatory; the Mark II, and  and 7 m diameter radio telescopes. 

The telescope discovered radio noise from the Great Nebula in Andromeda—the first definite detection of an extragalactic radio source—and the remains of Tycho's Supernova in the radio frequency. At that time, Tycho's Supervova had not been discovered by regular light telescopes.

References 

1940s establishments in the United Kingdom
Observatories
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
Radio receivers
1945 establishments in Europe
Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City is a former UNESCO World Heritage Site in Liverpool, England. The six sites included the Pier Head, Albert Dock,  William Brown Street,  and other famous landmarks in the city. They are considered the 'supreme example of a commercial port at a time of Britain's greatest global influence'.

The sites were nominated to UNESCO in January 2003. By March 2004, ICOMOS recommended the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City as a World Heritage Site. It was accepted under cultural bases: ii, iii and iv. 

In 2012, the proposed construction of Liverpool Waters project caused the sites to be included in the List of World Heritage in Danger. In July 2017, UNESCO warned it might lose its status because of the development plans. 

English Heritage argued against the Liverpool Waters development. It thought some of Liverpool's most significant historic buildings would be “severely compromised”.

In July 2021, UNESCO announced that the site had been stripped of its World Heritage status.

References

Bibliography

Other websites 

 Liverpool World Heritage Website

Liverpool, Merseyside
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
The Theaceae is a family of plants in the order Ericales. They contain the genus Camellia, used to make tea. They have around 7 to 40 genera.

References 

Ericales
The Sabang tree frog (Nyctimystes sanguinolenta)  is a tree frog from New Guinea.  Scientists have seen it in the Baliem Valley and other places not high above sea level in Indonesia.

References

Animals of Asia
Frogs
The Old Town () is oldest part of Edinburgh. It preserved much of its medieval street plan and buildings. Together with New Town, it forms a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Royal Mile 
The main street in the Old Town is called the "Royal Mile". It runs on a downwards path from Edinburgh Castle to Holyrood Palace and the ruined Holyrood Abbey. 

The streets are not officially called The Royal Mile in terms of legal addresses. The actual street names (running west to east) are Castlehill, Lawnmarket, High Street, Canongate and Abbey Strand. 

Notable buildings in the Old Town include St. Giles' Cathedral, the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland, the National Museum of Scotland, the Old College of the University of Edinburgh and the Scottish Parliament Building. The area is known to have underground vaults and hidden passages that are relics of old phases of construction.

Sections 
In addition to the Royal Mile, the Old Town may be divided into various areas from west to east:

 West Port, the old route to the west
 Grassmarket, the area to the south-west
 Edinburgh Castle
 The Cowgate, the lower southern section of the town 
 Canongate, the whole eastern district
 Holyrood, it includes Holyrood Palace and Holyrood Abbey
 Croft-An-Righ, a group of buildings north-east of Holyrood

Major events 
In 1824, a major fire known as Great Fire of Edinburgh, destroyed most of the buildings on the south side of the High Street. During the Edinburgh International Festival, the High Street and Hunter Square become gathering points. Performers in the Fringe advertise their shows, often through street performances.

On 7 December 2002, the Cowgate fire destroyed a small but dense group of old buildings on the Cowgate and South Bridge. It destroyed the famous comedy club, The Gilded Balloon. Other areas affected were the Informatics Department of the University of Edinburgh. The vast artificial intelligence library was also damaged. The site was redeveloped 2013-2014. There now stands a single new building which largely used as a hotel.

References

Other websites 

 Kincaid map showing the Old Town in 1784

 UNESCO World Heritage Site Inscription
 Edinburgh Old Town Association

World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
Edinburgh
The Balsaminaceae is a family of two genera and around 850 to 1,000 species, mostly in the genus Impatiens. The two genera in this family are Impatiens and Hydrocera.

References 

Ericales
Vyacheslav Viktorovich Volodin (; born 4 February 1964) is a Russian politician. He is the 10th Chairman of the State Duma since 5 October 2016.

Career 
Volodin was Vladimir Putin's aide. He was the Secretary-General of the United Russia party. He was also a deputy in the State Duma from 1999-2001. 

From 2010 until 2012, he was Deputy Prime Minister of Russia. He was also a first deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia. He also helped in Putin's third term.

References 

1964 births
Russian politicians
Living people
(born June 24, 1969 in Hokkaido) is a Japanese Professional shogi player ranked 6-dan since 2002. She was one of the rivals of Ichiyo Shimizu.

LPSA service
Nakai was selected to be the first representative director of The Ladies Professional Shogi-player's Association of Japan (LPSA) after it was established in 2007. She served in that position until 2010.

Major titles
She has obtained 19 major titles in her career. This is a 3rd place record in Japanese shogi history.

Awards and honors
Nakai received a number of Japan Shogi Association Annual Shogi Awards and other awards in recognition of her accomplishments in shogi and contributions made to Japanese society.

Annual shogi awards
13th-14th, 16th, 20th and 27th Annual Awards: Women's Professional Award
29th-30th Annual Awards (April 2001 - March 2003): Women's Professional of the Year 
31st-32nd Annual Awards (April 2003 - March 2005): Women's Professional Award
38th and 40th Annual Awards: Women's Professional Most Games Played

Other awards
1986, February: Wakkanai, Hokkaido Meritorious Citizen Award

Gallery

References

1969 births
Japanese sportspeople
Sportswomen
Living people
The Church of St Martin is an old Church of England church in Canterbury, England. It is best known as having the longest continuous history as a parish church in the English-speaking world. It is often known as "The first church founded in England". Although there were already Roman and Celtic churches had existed for centuries. Together with the Canterbury Cathedral and St Augustine's Abbey, they are part of a World Heritage Site.

Since 1668 the church has been part of the benefice of St Martin and St Paul Canterbury. Both St Martin's and nearby St Paul's churches are used for weekly services. The current rector of the parish is the Reverend Mark Richard Griffin.

Early history 
St Martin's was the private chapel of Queen Bertha of Kent (died in or after 601). Queen Bertha was a Christian Frankish princess who arrived in England with her chaplain, Bishop Liudhard. Her pagan husband, King Æthelberht of Kent, let her to continue to practise her religion by renovating (ca. AD 580) an existing church. As Bede named it, this church was dedicated to Saint Martin of Tours. It is the city located near where Bertha grew up.

Upon Augustine's arrival, he used St Martin's as his mission headquarters. King Æthelberht was baptised here. When Canterbury Cathedral and St Augustine's Abbey were established, St Martin's lost its initial prestige. However, it still remains of historical importance.

Architecture 

Local finds prove that Christianity did exist in this area of the city at the time. The church contains many reused Roman bricks or spolia. It also has complete sections of walls of Roman tiles. At the core of the church the brick remains of a Roman tomb were integrated into the structure. Several sections of walls are clearly very early. It is possible that a blocked square-headed doorway in the chancel was the entrance to Bertha's church. Meanwhile, other sections of wall come from the period after the Gregorian mission in the 7th or 8th centuries. The apse that was originally at the east end has been removed. The tower came much later, in Perpendicular style. The church is a Grade I listed building.

Graves 
Many notable local families and well-known graves were buried in its churchyard. These people include: 

 Thomas Sidney Cooper 
 Mary Tourtel
 Rupert Bear

Music 
The church has a continuing musical tradition from the monks of St Augustine to the present day. The choral director for the parish is Dom del Nevo.

The tower has three bells set for swing-chiming using levers.

References

Notes 

 F. Haverfield, "Early British Christianity" The English Historical Review Vol. 11, No. 43. (Jul., 1896)
 Service, Alastair, The Buildings of Britain, A Guide and Gazetteer, Anglo-Saxon and Norman, 1982, Barrie & Jenkins (London),

Other websites 

 Canterbury Buildings
 Website of St Martin's Church
 Triadic UNESCO World Heritage property, "Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine's Abbey, and St Martin's Church"

Canterbury
Churches in the United Kingdom
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
Euronews is a European television news channel. It is headquartered in Lyon, France. The channel broadcasts in 13 languages. 88% of the channel is owned by Media Globe Networks, a company which belongs to Egyptian billionaire Naguib Sawiris. The other 12% belongs to a group of EBU (European Broadcasting Union) members.

History
CNN helped make 24-hour TV news important after the Gulf War. The European Broadcasting Union answered this with the creation of their own news channel. Euronews started broadcasting on 1 January 1993, from Lyon, in five languages (English, French, German, Spanish and Italian). The channel was special in the news market because it had no presenters or studios, just videos showing the news. The channel's most important segment is "No Comment", which shows videos with no voiceover.

Later, the channel started broadcasting in Portuguese in 1999, in Russian in 2001, in Arabic in 2008, in Turkish and in Persian in 2010, in Ukrainian in 2011, in Greek in 2012, and in Hungarian in 2013.

The channel is controlled by a company called Euronews SA. When the channel started, it belonged to 10 EBU members. Today, it belongs to 20 EBU members. Organisations which have controlled Euronews when it started are marked with an asterisk.

EBU members owning Euronews SA

Three EBU members also used to own a share in the channel, but do not anymore today. These are:
 TVE*
 RMC (Radio Monte-Carlo)*
 TRT

On 4 June 2008, Euronews got a new circle logo and a new slogan: "pure". This was meant to market itself as "pure news" distancing from other competing channels (BBC, CNN, etc.) in the 24-hour news market.

In February 2015, Media Globe Networks got a 53% share of Euronews SA in a deal with the company. In January 2016, the channel started a sister network called Africanews, which is aimed at an African news market, with a pan-African view. Euronews got a new logo on 17 May 2016.

NBC steps in
In November 2016, NBCUniversal said they wanted to buy a share in the Euronews network. They also said they would share news reports with the channel. The deal was agreed upon in February 2017, and NBC bought a 25% share.

In May 2017, Euronews went from having one TV channel with 13 audio tracks, to 10 separate TV channels and 12 websites. This is part of a ’glocal’ idea. Now, certain language editions can offer their own selections of local and global news. By doing this, the Arabic and Persian services stopped TV broadcasting, and they are now only on social media and the Euronews website. The Ukrainian service was closed because the Ukrainian government was not giving it money.

In 2018, the English Euronews channel started its first news shows with live presenters. Then, other Euronews language editions did the same and started their own presented evening news shows too.

In April 2020, NBC left the channel and sold its share to Media Globe Networks. MGN now owns 88% of Euronews.

Troubles 
Euronews was banned (stopped to be broadcast) in Belarus by its government's decision since April 12, 2021.

References

Other websites
 Euronews website

1993 establishments in Europe
Television channels in Europe
Censorship in Belarus
Rose of Washington Square is a 1939 American musical drama movie directed by Gregory Ratoff and stars Tyrone Power, Alice Faye, Al Jolson, Moroni Olsen, Winifred Harris, Joyce Compton, William Frawley, Ralph Dunn, Louis Prima. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites

 

1939 movies
1930s musical movies
1930s drama movies
American musical movies
American drama movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Gregory Ratoff
Trinidad "Trini" López III (May 13, 1937August 11, 2020) was an American singer, guitarist, and actor.

His first album included a version of "If I Had a Hammer", which earned a Golden Disc for him. His other hits included "Lemon Tree", "I'm Comin' Home, Cindy" and "Sally Was a Good Old Girl". 

He designed two guitars for the Gibson Guitar Corporation.

He starred as Pedro Jimenez in the 1967 war movie The Dirty Dozen.

Lopez never married and had no children.

Lopez died on August 11, 2020 at a hospital in Palm Springs, California from COVID-19, aged 83.

References

1937 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
American guitarists
American movie actors
American television actors
American pop singers
American pop musicians
Musicians from Dallas, Texas
Singers from Dallas, Texas
Actors from Dallas, Texas
Juan Pastor Marco (24 November 1951 – 11 August 2020) was a Spanish politician. He was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). In 1977, he was elected to the Spanish Congress of Deputies representing Valencia Province.

He then was Secretary General of the PSOE in the Valencian Community from 1978 to 1979. He retired in 1982. He was born in Orba, Alicante.

Pastor Marco died on 11 August 2020, aged 68.

References

1951 births
2020 deaths
Spanish politicians
The Dirty Dozen is a 1967 war movie starring Lee Marvin and featuring an ensemble supporting cast including Ernest Borgnine, Charles Bronson, Jim Brown, John Cassavetes, George Kennedy, Robert Ryan, Telly Savalas, Robert Webber and Donald Sutherland with Trini Lopez. It was directed by Robert Aldrich. 

The screenplay is based on the 1965 bestseller by E. M. Nathanson.

References

1967 movies
1960s war movies
American war movies
Movies directed by Robert Aldrich
The Hunters () is a 1996 Swedish thriller movie directed by Kjell Sundvall and starring Rolf Lassgård, Lennart Jähkel, Jarmo Mäkinen, Tomas Norström, Göran Forsmark, and Rolf Degerlund. The sequel was followed in 2011.

Other websites
 
 

1996 thriller movies
1990s Swedish movies
Movies directed by Kjell Sundvall
HUMINT (an abbreviation of Human Intelligence) is intelligence information got from personal contacts. It is a term used in the spy community of the NATO countries.

Sources
Sources may be neutral, friendly, or hostile. They may or may not know they are giving information. Examples of HUMINT sources are:
Advisors or foreign internal defence personnel working with the host nation forces or populations;
Diplomatic reporting by accredited diplomats (e.g. military attachés);
Espionage: secret reporting, using agents, couriers, cutouts;
Military attachés: getting information is their job;
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs);
Prisoners of war (POWs) or other detainees;
Refugees;
Routine patrolling (by military police,  etc);
Talking to travellers  (e.g. the CIA Domestic Contact Service).

References 

Intelligence agencies
Government agencies
Human communication
Shyamala Gopalan (December 7, 1938 – February 11, 2009) was an India-born Tamil American civil rights activist and cancer researcher. She is the mother of Kamala Harris. Gopalan conducted research in the Cancer Research Lab in UC Berkeley's Department of Zoology. Her research led to advancements in the knowledge of breast cancer hormones. Her work changed the progress on the research of the hormone-responsiveness of breast tissue.

References 

1938 births
2009 deaths
American activists
Elephant Island is an ice-covered, mountainous island off the coast of Antarctica. It is at the edge of the South Shetland Islands, in the Southern Ocean. It has an area of 558 km², and its highest elevation is 973 metres.

Uninhabited islands
Geography of Antarctica
Nyctimystes traunae  is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea.  It lives on mountains in the middle of the island.  Scientists saw it about 800 meters above sea level.

References

Animals of Oceania
Frogs
Sonic X-treme was a platform game developed by Sega Technical Institute. It was being created from 1994 until Sega cancelled it in 1997. It was meant to be the first 3D Sonic the Hedgehog game. It was also meant to be the first new Sonic game for the Sega Saturn. It built on past Sonic games. However, it had new things to take Sonic into the 3D era of video games. The story followed Sonic on his journey to stop Dr. Robotnik; Robotnik was trying to steal six magic rings from Tiara Boobowski and her father.

Background 
When Super Mario 64 released, it was of the most well known early 3D platformers, Sega fans wanted Sonic the Hedgehog to do the jump to 3D as well, but Sonic's high-speed platforming proved to be much harder to make in 3D than Sega expected.

Development 
At first, Sonic X-treme was developed for the Sega 32x, but then development moved to the Sega Saturn.

Cancelation 
Sonic X-treme was canceled because of development issues and crunch time.

Sonic the Hedgehog
Video games
Christopher Knights is an English voice actor, film editor, and cinematographer. He is best known for providing the voice of Private the Penguin in Madagascar. He also worked on several DreamWorks movies such as Shrek, Shrek 2, Shrek the Third and Shrek 4-D. 

He started his filming career at Amblimation studios. He worked on We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story and Balto. He started his editing and acting career at DreamWorks. He worked on the Shrek series as an associate editor. He was also voice of the Three Blind Mice and Thelonious, Lord Farquaad's Henchman.

Filmography

Film Roles
 Flushed Away - Fat Barry, Market Trader
 Madagascar - Private
 Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted - Private
 Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa - Private
 Megamind - Prison Guard
 Shrek - Blind Mouse, Thelonious
 Shrek 2 - Blind Mouse
 Shrek the Third - Blind Mice, Evil Trees, Guards, Heckler
 Shrek Forever After - Three Blind Mice

Video Game Roles
 Madagascar: The Video Game - Construction Worker, Pedestrian, Private

References

Other websites 

 

American voice actors
Thomas McGrath (born August 7, 1964) is an American voice actor, animator, screenwriter, and film director.

Filmography

Animated Roles
 The Penguins of Madagascar - Skipper

Film Roles
 Flushed Away - Action Figure, Artist
 Madagascar - Fossa, Panicky Man on Subway, Skipper
 Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted - First Policeman, Skipper
 Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa - Lemur #1, Skipper
 Megamind - Lord Scott, Prison Guard
 Shrek the Third - Gary

Video Game Roles
 Madagascar: Escape 2 - The Video Game - Skipper

Staff Work
 Madagascar - Director, Writer
 Megamind - Director
Animators
The Innu (or Montagnais) are an Indigenous people group who live in Quebec and Newfoundland.

They lived as hunter-gatherers. Then the Canadian government moved them away from their homeland and forced them to practice Western lifestyles.

Lands 
The Innu call the territory they live in Nitassinan ("Our Land").

History 

The Canadian government forced the Innu to live in permanent communities instead of letting them practice their nomadic lifestyle. They also forced them to go to schools run by churches. In those schools, the Innu were not allowed to practice their religion or speak their language. Because of all the wrong things done to the Innu, they have a lot of social problems. On one hand, they lost a lot of knowledge about their traditional ways. On the other hand, the schools did not prepare them well enough to live in Western society and they still faced racism because they were Indigenous.

Ethnic groups in Canada
Quebec
Newfoundland
Native American
Thérèse Raquin is a book by the French author Émile Zola.

Plot 
An orphan girl named Thérèse Raquin is sent to live with her aunt, Madame Raquin, and her cousin Camille, who is very "sick" with hypochondriasis. When Thérèse is 21, she marries Camille. The three of them then move to Paris.

Laurent, a childhood friend of Camille and an untalented artist, meets Thérèse. The two of them have an affair and plan to kill Camille so they can be with each other. They do this by pushing him off a boat into the Seine River. Everyone believes that Camille's drowning is an accident. Thérèse and Laurent then marry each other. However, they are haunted by their actions. Laurent becomes a talented artist but his paintings remind him of Camille.

Madame Raquin finds out that Thérèse and Laurent killed Camille when they argue with each other. However, she is paralyzed after a stroke and so cannot tell others.

Thérèse and Laurent hate each other. They plan to kill each other. Then they realize each other's plans and kill themselves with poison in front of Madame Raquin.

Characters 
 Thérèse Raquin – the wife of Camille and the orphaned daughter of Madame Raquin's brother and an unknown African woman.
 Camille Raquin – Thérèse's husband and cousin.
 Madame Raquin – Camille's mother and Thérèse's aunt. She works as a shopkeeper.
 Laurent LeClaire – a childhood friend and coworker of Camille who seduces Thérèse.
 Michaud – the police commissioner and friend of Madame Raquin
 Olivier – Michaud's son who works at the police
 Suzanne – Olivier's wife
 Grivet – an employee of the Orléans Railroad Company, where Camille works
 François – the Raquins' cat

References 

French novels
The New Adventures of Old Christine is an American sitcom television series starring Julia Louis-Dreyfus.

2000s American sitcoms
2010s American sitcoms
English-language television programs
The Stonehaven derailment was a railway accident. It happened at around 09:40 BST on 12 August 2020. It happened near Carmont. Carmont is west of Stonehaven. They are in Aberdeenshire, in Scotland. 

At least three people died. Six others were injured. It was the first train derailment in the United Kingdom to kill people since the Grayrigg derailment in February 2007.

It was the worst crash involving an InterCity 125 train since the Ufton Nervet collision. That was in 2004.

The accident was caused by a landslide. Mud slid onto the tracks.

References

2020 in Europe
2020 in the United Kingdom
21st century in Scotland
August 2020 events
Disasters in the 21st century
Railway accidents in Europe
Aberdeenshire
Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi (born 1 or 5 October 1976 ; alternative transliterations al-Qurayshi and al-Quraishi – 3 February 2022) was the second leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant from 2019 until his death in 2022.

In January 2020, media reported his true identity is Amir Mohammed Abdul Rahman al-Mawli al-Salbi (). His appointment by a shura council was announced by ISIL media on 31 October 2019, less than a week after the death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. 

Until his death, the U.S. Rewards for Justice Program offered up to $10 million reward to information that brings him to justice.

On 3 February 2022, it was reported by a U.S. official that al-Hashimi killed himself and members of his family by triggering a bomb during a raid by the United States Military.

Notes

References

1976 births
2022 deaths
Caliphs 
Iraqi politicians
Islamic State people
Murderers who committed suicide
Suicide bombings in the 2020s
Suicide in 2022
The Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape is a World Heritage site. It includes select mining landscapes in Cornwall and West Devon. The site was added to the on July 2006. Plans to restart mining at South Crofty, and to build a supermarket at Hayle Harbour, caused its status to be questioned.

The World Heritage Committee considered placing the site on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2014. This proposal was rejected. Instead, they agreed on a follow-up "Reactive Monitoring Mission".

History 
Devon made around 25-40% of the amount of tin that Cornwall did up to the mid-16th century. However, the total amount of tin made in both Cornwall and Devon at this time was relatively small. After the 1540s, Cornwall's production took off while Devon's production was only about between a ninth to a tenth of that of Cornwall.

From the mid-16th century onwards, the Devon Stannaries were giving very little in income to the King. They were sidelined  after the Supremacy of Parliament Act 1512.

The landscapes of Cornwall and West Devon were reshaped during the 18th and 19th centuries by the mining of copper and tin. The underground mines, engine houses, foundries, new towns, smallholdings, ports, harbours, and other supporting industries together meant the region  produced two-thirds of the world's supply of copper. 

During the late 19th century, arsenic production came to the east of Cornwall and West Devon. As a result, the region supplied half the world’s demand.

Areas 

The World Heritage site consists of individual but topical linked areas around Cornwall and West Devon. The areas (with the area codes from the site nomination) are:

 A1 - St Just Mining District
 A2 - Port of Hayle
 A3i - Tregonning and Gwinear Mining District
 A3ii - Trewavas
 A4 - Wendron Mining District
 A5i - Camborne and Redruth Mining District
 A5ii - Wheal Peevor
 A5iii - Portreath Harbour
 A6i - Gwennap Mining District
 A6ii - Devoran and Perran Foundry
 A6iii - Kennall Vale
 A7 - St Agnes Mining District
 A8i - Luxulyan Valley
 A8ii - Charlestown
 A9 - Caradon Mining District
 A10i - Tamar Valley
 A10ii - Tavistock

Ancient rocks, rare heavy elements 

Devon and Cornwall rocks were once in the core of huge volcanic mountains. Those rocks usually contain more heavy metallic elements than usually found on the Earth's surface. A recent news item says a new mineral was found in Cornwall called Kernowite.

Rocks from ocean floor mid-ocean ridges (oceanic lithosphere) may come to the surface under orogeny as ophiolites. Wherever there is a large ground-down mountain chain there may be a source of heavy metals.

Related pages 

 List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom

References

Other websites 

 UNESCO listing
 BBC – World Heritage site bid gets go-ahead
 Cornish Mining - World Heritage Status 

Mining
Cornwall
Devon
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
Gordon John Brand (6 August 1955 – 11 August 2020) was an English professional golfer.

Brand turned professional in 1976 and enjoyed full playing privileges on the European Tour for 20 years. 

During his time on tour, he finished inside the top 30 on the Order of Merit seven times and inside the top 100 16 times. 

His highest ranking came in 1986, fifth place, in which year he finished as runner-up to Greg Norman in the Open Championship at Turnberry. In 1981, he won the Tooting Bec Cup after posting a round of 65. 

Brand died on 11 August 2020 at the age of 65, following a short illness.

References

People from Cambridge
English sportspeople
Golfers
1955 births
2020 deaths
Walter C. Carrington (July 24, 1930 – August 11, 2020) was an American diplomat. He was the United States Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Senegal and Nigeria. He worked during the presidencies of Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton. He was ambassador to Senegal between 1980 to 1981 and to Nigeria between 1993 to 1997. He was born in New York City.

Carrington died on August 11, 2020 at the age of 90.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States
Politicians from New York City
US Democratic Party politicians
Belle du Berry (1966 – 11 August 2020) was a French singer-songwriter, and actress. She was born in Bourges, France. In 1992, she worked with Philippe Decouflé to choreograph the ballets for the opening of the 1992 Winter Olympics. She was known for being a member of the Paris Combo.

In 2009, du Berry wrote a collection of new songs with David Lewis as the trumpeter and pianist. 

Du Berry died of cancer in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre on 11 August 2020.

References

1966 births
2020 deaths
Cancer deaths in France
French movie actors
French singers
French songwriters
François-Mathurin Gourvès (17 June 1929 – 12 August 2020) was a French Roman Catholic bishop. He was Bishop of Vannes from 1991 to 2005, and was Bishop Emeritus from 2005 to 2020. He was born in Plougastel-Daoulas, France.

Gourvès died on 12 August 2020 in Saint-Anne-d'Auray, France at the age of 91.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
French Roman Catholics
Roman Catholic bishops
Francisco José Cox Huneeus (18 December 1933 – 12 August 2020) was a Chilean archbishop of the Catholic Church. He was a member of Schoenstatt Movement. He was Bishop of Chillán from 1975 to 1981 and Coadjutor Archbishop of La Serena from 1985 to 1990 and Archbishop there from 1990 to 1997. He resigned following accusations that he had sexual abused young boys. He was born in Santiago de Chile.

Cox died on 12 August 2020 in Santiago de Chile, aged 86.

References

1933 births
2020 deaths
Archbishops
People from Santiago
Mónica Luiza Miguel (13 March 1936 – 12 August 2020) was a Mexican actress, telenovela director and singer. She was born in Tepic, Nayarit. She was known for her acting roles in I Dream in Another Language, Más allá del puente and Under Fire. She directed episodes of Teresa.

Miguel died on 12 August 2020 in Mexico City from cancer-related problems, aged 84.

References

Other websites
 

Mexican movie directors
Television directors
Mexican voice actors
Mexican stage actors
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Cancer deaths in Mexico
1936 births
2020 deaths
"Can't Help Falling in Love" is a 1961 song recorded by American singer Elvis Presley for the album Blue Hawaii (1961). It was written by Hugo Peretti, Luigi Creatore, and George David Weiss. It was published by Gladys Music, Inc.

The melody is based on "Plaisir d'amour". 

The song was initially written for a woman as "Can't Help Falling in Love with Him", which explains the first and third line ending on "in" and "sin" rather than words rhyming with "you".

"Can't Help Falling in Love" was used in Presley's 1961 movie Blue Hawaii.

References

Elvis Presley songs
1961 songs
Bob Loyce Moore (November 30, 1932 – September 22, 2021) was an American session musician, orchestra leader, and bassist. He was a member of the Nashville A-Team during the 1950s and 1960s. 

He performed on over 17,000 documented recording sessions with many popular singers such as with Elvis Presley and Roy Orbison. He is also the father of multi-instrumentalist R. Stevie Moore.

He died on September 22, 2021, at the age of 88.

References

Other websites
Tribute site by Moore's son, R. Stevie Moore
Daughter Llynda More's site
Bob Moore and Grady Martin tribute site
Wife Kittra Moore's site
Interview with Bob Moore for the NAMM Oral History Program June 18, 2008

1932 births
2021 deaths
Musicians from Nashville, Tennessee
American bandleaders
American guitarists
Country musicians from Tennessee
Spring Valley is a suburb of New York City. It is a village in the towns of Ramapo and Clarkstown in Rockland County, New York, United States.

References

Villages in New York
Ramapo is a town in Rockland County, New York, United States.  It was originally formed as New Hampstead, in 1791. It shares its name with the Ramapo River. As of the 2010 census, Ramapo had a total population of 126,595.

References

Towns in New York
1791 establishments in New York (state)
Tamanna Bhatia (born 21 December 1989), known professionally as Tamannaah, is an Indian actress and model. She was born in Mumbai. She appears in Tamil and Telugu movies.

Her best known movies were Ayan (2009), Paiyaa (2010), Siruthai (2011), Veeram (2014), Dharma Durai (2016), Devi (2016) and Sketch (2018).

She also appeared in 100% Love (2011), Oosaravelli (2011), Racha (2012), Thadaka (2013), Baahubali: The Beginning (2015), Bengal Tiger (2015), Oopiri (2016), Baahubali 2: The Conclusion (2017), F2: Fun and Frustration (2019),  and  Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019).

She received the "Dayawati Modi" Award in 2017.

References

Other websites

 
 

1989 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
Indian television actors
Indian models
Actors from Mumbai
Spanish naming customs are traditions for naming children as used in Spain. 

A person's name consists of a given name (simple or composite) followed by two surnames. Historically, the first surname was the father's first surname, and the second the mother's first surname. 

In recent years, the order of the surnames in a family is done when registering the first child. However, the traditional order is still largely the choice. Often, the practice is to use one given name and the first surname most of the time (e.g. "Miguel de Unamuno" for Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo). The complete name being usually reserved for legal, formal, and documentary matters. 

Both surnames are sometimes used when the first surname is very common (e.g., Federico García Lorca, Pablo Ruiz Picasso or José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero) to get a more customized name. In these cases, it is even common to use only the second surname, as in "Lorca", "Picasso" or "Zapatero". This does not affect alphabetization: "Lorca", the Spanish poet, must be alphabetized in an index under "García Lorca" and not "Lorca".

References 

Spanish culture
Names
Carlo Rolandi (2 July 1926 – 8 August 2020) was an Italian sailor. With Agostino Straulino, he finished 4th in the Star competition at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born in Naples. Rolandi was the president of the Italian Sailing Federation from 1981 to 1988.

Rolandi died on 8 August 2020, aged 94.

References

1926 births
2020 deaths
Italian Olympians
Sailors
People from Naples
Stan Statham (April 7, 1939 – August 1, 2020) was an American television news anchor, activist and politician. He was born in Chico, California. He was elected as a Republican to the California State Assembly in 1976. He retired in 1994. Statham was known as a supporter of the State of Jefferson.

Statham died on August 1, 2020 in Oroville, California from a heart attack, aged 81.

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in California
American television news anchors
American political activists
American conservatives
State legislators of the United States
Television personalities from California
Politicians from California
US Republican Party politicians
Ben 10: Ultimate Alien is a TV show that tells the story of a 15 year-old Ben Tennyson who has assumed the power of an omnitrix a space weapon in form of a watch that can turn the wielder of the watch into any alien he comes across with. It was supposed to premiere after the series end of Ben 10: Alien Force on March 26, 2010, but instead it premiered on April 23, 2010 on Cartoon Network in the US. In 2016, a reboot of the original Ben 10 series was made.
2010 American television series debuts
2012 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Twentieth Century is a 1934 American romantic comedy movie directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Barrymore, Carole Lombard, Walter Connolly, Roscoe Karns, Charles Lane, Etienne Girardot, Edgar Kennedy. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

Other websites

 
 

1934 movies
1930s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies directed by Howard Hawks
Columbia Pictures movies
The Treaty of Lambeth was signed on 4 May 1212 by King John of England and several French counts. The Treaty of Lambeth of 1212 should not be confused with the Treaty of Lambeth of 1217, also known as the Treaty of Kingston.

By 1212 John had lost his Angevin possessions in France. Renaud lands had also been seized by King Philip II of France. Renaud brought other continental nobles, including Ferdinand, into a coalition against Philip. In return he was given several fiefs in England and an annuity. In the treaty agreed on 4 May 1212, each prince promised not to make a separate peace with France.

This treaty was part of England's retreat from France, and the collecting of all France under the rule of its king. Previously, under the conquering English kings from Normandy, the Norman kings had ruled over large parts of what is now France.

References

1212
Treaties
13th century in England
History of France
Zweifel's big-eyed tree frog (Litoria zweifeli)  is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea.  It lives in forests and wetlands not near the ocean.

Some scientists, for example Paul Menzies, say this frog is closely related to Grant's big-eyed tree frog.

This frog was named after the scientist Richard George Zweifel.  Zweifel described, or wrote the first formal papers about, many other frogs and wrote many studies about frogs and other amphibians.

References

Animals of Oceania
Frogs
Annona is a genus of plants in the Annonaceae family. It contains species like the custard apple and sugar apple. It is the second-largest genus in its family after Guatteria. It has about 166 species of shrubs and trees. Its name comes from anón, a Hispaniolan Taíno word for it.

References
Inaccessible Island is an extinct volcano. It was last active six million years ago. Together with Gough Island, Inaccessible Island is a protected wildlife reserve, both make up the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Gough and Inaccessible Islands. Inaccessible Island is home to the endemic Inaccessible Island rail, the world's smallest extant flightless bird.

Inaccessible Island is part of the archipelago of Tristan da Cunha. It is part of the overseas territory of the United Kingdom known as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. Tristan da Cunha itself is accessible only by sea via a seven-day sail from Cape Town, South Africa, by landing during the 60 days of the year that the harbor allows for access to the island.

Geography 
The island is approximately  to the southwest of the main island of the Tristan da Cunha archipelago. Mostly bare and inhospitable, the island has one small landing site named Port David on the northwesternmost point.

The island is  in area. It is between South Atlantic Ocean  south-west of Tristan da Cunha. Inaccessible Island is bordering with sheer sea cliffs, but one can landed on it through a few boulder beaches. Generations of sailors were wary of the difficult landings and inhospitable terrain. Inaccessible Island does not have any permanent inhabitants since 1873.

In popular culture 

 Edgar Allan Poe's The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket alluded to Nightingale Island, Inaccessible Island, and Tristan da Cunha.
 In Patrick O'Brian's The Thirteen Gun Salute (1989), pp. 120–29, Captain Aubrey's ship Diane, in a dead calm, is carried toward Inaccessible Island by the inshore current. One of the sailors recounts the wreck of a whaling ship that he witnessed when it was lost with all hands in similar conditions. Only a fortunate breeze saves Aubrey's ship. The episode is depicted in the cover painting of the book showing the towering cliffs plunging directly into the sea.
 "Sea Lion", the pseudonym of "a serving naval officer" (Geoffrey Martin Bennett), wrote The Phantom Fleet (1946), a novel that was predicated on the supposition that Inaccessible Island contained a natural harbour, the entrance to which was concealed from the sea. The antagonists were assembling a fleet of obsolescent warships in this harbour, with the intention of striking a coup de main leading to world domination, a scheme foiled by the derring-do of a naval officer and the guns of the Royal Navy.
 Eric Newby passed within sight of Inaccessible Island on his 1938/1939 voyage from Ireland to Australia aboard Moshulu. It was chronicled in his books The Last Grain Race and Learning the Ropes. Inaccessible Island was the only land the crew saw on the voyage, until reaching Australia, and was therefore a cause for some excitement.
 Daniel Suarez's 2014 novel Influx refers to this island as the location of the underground prison 'Hibernity'.

References

Other websites 

 Inaccessible Island: Tristan da Cunha website

Uninhabited islands
Volcanoes
Islands of the United Kingdom
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom