cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Eta or ETA may mean:

Words:
 Eta, of the Greek alphabet (Η, η)
 Eta Aircraft eta, a very high performance German glider
 Burakumin, a Japanese social minority group (Eta is an old, derogatory name)
 Eta reduction in mathematics: see lambda calculus
 Eta (Potato Chip), a New Zealand brand of potato chip, produced by Griffin's Foods
 Eta Carinae, a highly luminous hypergiant double star
 Eta meson, a physics particle: see list of mesons
 Eta (letter in Greek alphabet, lower case only), symbol for efficiency in scientific discourse
Abbreviations:
 Estimated time of arrival
 Estimated Time Amount when using μTorrent, Azureus, and other BitTorrent clients.
 Education And Training Administration, flight training software by Talon Systems
 Euskadi Ta Askatasuna () is a Basque paramilitary nationalist organization. 
 ETA SA, a watchmaking company
 ETA, a. s., electrotechnical company from Hlinsko, Czech Republic  
 Electronic Technician's Association
 Electronic Travel Authority, Australian electronic visa
 Elektrosektionens Teletekniska Avdelning, An electronics club at Chalmers University, Sweden 
 Employment and Training Administration, a branch of the US Department of Labor
 Engineering and Technology Academy, a school is San Antonio, and part of NEISD
 Environmental Transport Association, a UK motor car breakdown and rescue organisation
 Eric the Actor, see Eric the Midget
 Estonian Broadcasting Agency (Eesti Teadete Agentuur), a defunct Estonian news service
 Ethiopian Teachers' Association, a trade union centre for Ethiopia
 Ethiopian Telecommunication Agency
 Evangelical Theological Association, an associated teaching institute of the Melbourne College of Divinity
 Eidiko Tmima Alexiptotiston, Greek special operations unit
 A numerical weather prediction model formally known as the Eta
Carrefour is a poor district in the Ouest Department of Port-au-Prince, Haïti. Its population is 408,000. The neighborhood is very poor and ill-serviced however as of recently, small-scale construction has gone on in the area along with street renovations. A slum called Feuilles of Carrefour is notorious for the illegal execution of eleven young men that took place there in 1999.

Carrefour
Mochi is a type of Japanese confectionary made from pounded pasty rice and molded into shape. Mochi normally has a filling inside, such as ice cream, azuki (red bean) paste, and others. In Japan, mochi is often eaten in New Year's Day in one of two dishes: ozoni (お雑煮) or osiruko (おしるこ).

Mochitsuki(餅つき）

Mochitsuki is a traditional mochi-making ceremony in Japan. It requires two people. One person pounds steamed rice into the dough with a traditional mortar (臼:usu）and a mallet（杵:kine). The other person turns over rice each time it is pounded. They have to keep rhythm to make mochi well. These days, normal families rarely do classic mochitsuki, but it is still popular at community events or with children's groups.

Mochi dishes
 Yaki mochi (grilled mochi)
 Kusa mochi (mochi produced by mixing mugwort into glutinous rice and pounding the mixture )
 Kinako mochi (mochi with powdered soybeans )
 Ozoni (soup dish which contains mochi and other ingredients)
 Oshiruko (mochi in a sweet soup which is obtained by boiling red beans )

Choking hazard
Mochi can be dangerous food for old people because it is difficult to bite off and is sticky.
Many old people choke to death while eating mochi every year.
Japanese know mochi is dangerous traditional food, so the accident is one's own responsibility.

References

Other websites
 http://janmstore.com/mochitsuki.html/

Rice
Léogâne is the name of both a coastal city and a district in Ouest Department, Haiti. The city of Léogâne is around . The arrondissement of Léogâne contains three communes: Petit-Goâve, Grand-Goâve, and the city of Léogâne. It is the closest town to the earthquake that struck Haiti on 12 January 2010.

The port town is about  West of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. Léogâne is the birthplace of the Taíno queen Anacaona (the town was originally called  the Amerindian name Yaguana and the city's name is a corruption of that) and of Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité, the wife of the Haitian revolutionary Jean-Jacques Dessalines (1758).

References

Cities in Haiti
Atlantic Beach is a city in Duval County, Florida,  United States. When the majority of communities in Duval County consolidated with Jacksonville, Florida in 1968, Atlantic Beach, along with Jacksonville Beach, Neptune Beach, Ponte Vedra Beach and Baldwin, Florida, remained quasi-independent. Like the other towns, it maintains its own municipal government but its residents vote in the Jacksonville mayoral election and have representation on the Jacksonville city council. The population was 13,368 at the 2000 census. According to the U.S Census estimates of 2005, the city had a population of 13,436.

References

Other websites
 City of Atlantic Beach
 City of Jacksonville

Cities in Florida
1926 establishments in the United States
1920s establishments in Florida
Eastern European Time (EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used in some European, North African, and Middle Eastern countries. Most of them also use Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+3) as a summer daylight saving time.

Where it is used

Two countries uses Eastern European Time all the year: 
 Libya
 Egypt

The following countries, parts of countries, and territories use Eastern European Time during the winter only:
 Bulgaria, since 1894
 Cyprus, (Northern Cyprus abolished daylight saving and has switched to Moscow Time all year long in September 2016, but returned to EET in October 2017)
 Estonia, in years 1921-40 and since 1989
 Finland, since 1921
 Greece, since 1916
 Israel, since 1948
 Jordan
 Latvia, in years 1926-40 and since 1989
 Lebanon
 Lithuania, in 1920 and since 1989
 Moldova, in years 1924-40 and since 1991
 Palestinian territories
 Romania, since 1931
 Syria
 Ukraine, in years 1924-30 and since 1990

Moscow used EET between 1922-30 and 1991-92. In Poland this time was used between 1918-22.
Turkey, used EET between 1910-2016 except for the years 1978-85 and has switched to Moscow Time all year long.

In time of World War II MET (CET) was used in eastern countries, occupied by Germany.

Major metropolitan areas 
Athens, Greece
Beirut, Lebanon
Brasov, Romania
Bucharest, Romania
Cluj Napoca, Romania
Chişinău, Moldova
Damascus, Syria
Helsinki, Finland
Jerusalem, Israel
Kyiv, Ukraine
Lviv, Ukraine
Minsk, Belarus
Nicosia, Cyprus
Riga, Latvia
Sofia, Bulgaria
Tallinn, Estonia
Tel Aviv, Israel
Thessaloniki, Greece
Timişoara, Romania
Vilnius, Lithuania

Time zones
Thomas Leo "Tom" Clancy Jr. (April 12, 1947 - October 1, 2013) was an American writer and screenwriter. His books are thrillers about politics, spys and the military. Most of his books include many technical details about their subjects. Seventeen of his novels were best-sellers, with over 100 million copies in print. His stories take place during and after the Cold War. He owned with some other people a Major League Baseball team. Clancy also produced popular video games.

Early life 
Thomas Leo Clancy Jr. was born on April 12, 1947, in Maryland. He finished school 1965. After school he studied English Literature at Loyola College in Baltimore and finished that in 1968. He said he studied English because he was not smart enough to do physics.

Personal life
Clancy married his first wife, Wanda, in the 1970s. They have four children together and separated in 1998.

In 1993, Clancy bought with some other people the Baltimore Orioles (Baseball team) from Eli Jacobs.

In 1999, Clancy, at age 52, married the 32-year-old writer Alexandra Marie Llewellyn, on June 26. Llewellyn is a distant relative of Colin Powell.

Political views 
Clancy is known to have been politically conservative, and gave over $200,000 to Republican Party politicians.

Death 
Clancy died October 1, 2013, after a brief illness at Johns Hopkins Hospital, near his Baltimore home. No cause of death was released. Clancy is survived by his wife, Alexandra; their daughter, Alexis; and four children from a previous marriage to Wanda King: Michelle Bandy, Christine Blocksidge, Kathleen Clancy and Thomas Clancy III. His cause of death was later confirmed to be heart failure.

Bibliography 
From the books The Hunt for Red October, Patriot Games, Clear and Present Danger, and The Sum of All Fears films were made, that many people wanted to see. The first NetForce book was filmed for television.

The website IMDB says that Tom Clancy's novel Without Remorse is to be made into a movie in 2008. No other details are available (27 June 2007).

Several books that are written by other writers have Tom Clancy's name on them, because the books are written in the same way and have the same stories as his own. These are:
 Tom Clancy's Op-Center
 Tom Clancy's Power Plays
 Tom Clancy's Net Force
 Tom Clancy's Net Force Explorers
 Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell

Only two books of Clancy are not with Jack Ryan and/or John Clark.

References

Other websites 

 Transcript of interview with Deborah Norville on the War in Iraq - April 2004
 Detailed Tom Clancy Book Reviews
 Tom Clancy FAQ
 Internet Book Database of Fiction bibliography 
 1984, 1986 interviews of Tom Clancy  by Don Swaim at Wired for Books

Literary reviews and criticism 
 "Something for the Boys" by Christopher Hitchens, The New York Review of Books, November 14, 1996. A review of Clancy's Marine: A Guided Tour of a Marine Expeditionary Unit.

1947 births
2013 deaths
American screenwriters
Deaths from heart failure
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Republicans (United States)
Writers from Baltimore
Waluigi is a character in Nintendo's series of Mario video games. He is the villain version of Luigi in the same way that Wario is the evil version of Mario. Waluigi is a very long, thin, tall man, who wears purple. However, Mario, Luigi, Wario, Waluigi, and Yoshi are all friends.

Characteristics
Waluigi is very tall and thin. He wears black overalls with a purple shirt, and has brown, pointed shoes. He has upside-down Ls (Γs) on hat, gloves and mustache which is a Greek letter Gamma, and is the evil counterpart to Luigi.

He was made as a partner for Wario by the company Camelot in Mario Tennis and other Mario spinoff games and has no real story behind him. He is in Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U, and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate as an Assist Trophy. Waluigi is known to be smarter than Wario, but acts sillier.

Appearances

Reception
Waluigi was ranked in the tenth slot on GameDaily's top 10 Nintendo characters that deserve their own games. They also listed him as one of the top 25 video-game anti-heroes, saying that it was too bad that he has never had the spotlight.

However, he also ranked number one on the Top 10 Worst Mario Characters list from Game Daily, which said, "for every likable character there's one that continues to annoy us even years after we're done with the game they came from". Waluigi has been criticised by others as well. Cracked.com said that he was a lazy excuse to add a new villain to the spin-off games and even called him an "abomination".

References

Other websites
Waluigi on Giant Bomb

Fictional characters introduced in 2000
Mario series characters
Alexander von Humboldt  (Berlin, 14 September 1769 – Berlin, 6 May 1859) was a Prussian naturalist and explorer. Humboldt's work on botanical geography was very important in the field of biogeography.

Life 
Humboldt was born in Berlin. His father, Alexander Georg von Humboldt, was a major in the Prussian Army. He married Maria Elizabeth von Colomb in 1766. The couple had two sons, the younger was Alexander. Alexander's elder brother was the Prussian minister, philosopher, and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt. 

In his childhood Humboldt already liked to collect plants, shells, and insects. Humboldt's father died very early (in 1779). From that time on his mother took care of his education.

Between 1799 and 1804, Humboldt travelled to Latin America and was the first scientist who wrote about it. He was one of the first who said that South America and Africa was once one continent. 

Late in his life he attempted to bring together different fields of science in his work Kosmos.

Honors and namesakes: Many places and species are named for him, as is the Humboldt Current.

Relevant pages 
List of science books#19th century

Other websites 
 The website of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation 
 
 Works by Alexander von Humboldt at Internet Archive
 "Lives of the Brothers Humboldt" an extensive biography available from the Million Book Project:
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie: biography of Humboldt at Wikisource

 Online version of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New World 
 "Alexander von Humboldt", from In our time, a 45 minutes BBC Radio 4 program.

References 

1769 births
1859 deaths

People from Berlin
Explorers
European geographers
Naturalists
Nike, Incorporated is a company formed in the United States. It is based near Beaverton, Oregon. 

Nike is the world’s biggest brand of sports shoes, clothes and equipment.

Nike has approximately 62,600 employees worldwide as of 2015.

Their net income is $2.7 billion and their revenue is $27.8 billion.

Early history
The company was founded on 25 January 1964. Nike was named Blue Ribbon Sports at first ( it changed to Nike in 1971). The original founders of Nike are Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight. The company is named after Nike, the Greek goddess of victory.

Nike today
Nike sells its products under its own name as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike+, Air Jordan, and Team Starter. Nike also owns the brands Bauer, Cole Haan, Hurley International, and Converse. Nike, Incorporated also funds certain sports events such as the FIFA World Cup 2014.

References

Other websites
 Nike corporate website

1964 establishments in the United States
American clothing companies

Companies based in Oregon
Vestfold is a former county in Norway. It bordered Buskerud and Telemark. The county administration was in the city of Tønsberg. Vestfold was west of the Oslo Fjord. The river Numedalslågen runs through the area. Many islands are at the coast. Vestfold is mostly lowland areas. It is among the best agricultural areas of Norway.

On 1 January 2020 the county merged with Telemark to the current county of Vestfold og Telemark.

Vestfold used to be a headquarters for whaling fleets. The economy of the coastal towns of Vestfold now is centered around fishing and shipbuilding. Some lumbering is done away from the coast. The district also has some of the best farmland in Norway.

Municipalities 

Vestfold County has a total of 14 municipalities:
Andebu
Hof
Holmestrand
Horten
Lardal
Larvik
Nøtterøy
Re
Sande
Sandefjord
Stokke
Svelvik
Tjøme
Tønsberg

Former counties of Norway
Buskerud is a former county of Norway. Its main city was Drammen.

On 1 January 2020 the county merged with Akershus and Østfold to the current county of Viken.

Former counties of Norway
Telemark is a former counties in Norway. Skien is the main city in Telemark.

On 1 January 2020 the county merged with Vestfold to the current county of Vestfold of Telemark.

Former counties of Norway
Akershus is a former county in Norway. It was bordered by Hedmark, Oppland, Buskerud, Oslo and Østfold; the area has a short border with Sweden. Akershus was the second largest county in population after Oslo. It has more than half a million people living in it. The county was named after Akershus Fortress. The county administration was in Oslo, which was not part of the county.

On 1 January 2020 the county merged with Buskerud and Østfold to the current county of Viken.

Geography 

Most of the county is in the districts Follo and Romerike. There are also the two smaller districts of Asker and Bærum which are west of Oslo. This happened when the municipality of Aker (surrounding Oslo) was moved from Akershus county to Oslo in 1948.

Akershus includes some of the lake Mjøsa and some of the river Glomma. Because it includes many suburbs of Oslo, notably Bærum, Akershus has a large number of people living in a small area. The main national railway lines into Oslo run through Akershus with many stations such as Asker, Ullensaker, Ski and Lillestrøm.

The county includes the historical place Eidsvoll, 48 km north of Oslo. This is where the National assembly voted the Norwegian constitution in 1814. South of Eidsvoll is the international airport of Oslo Airport at Gardermoen. The home of the crown prince is in Asker.

Buildings 
The county has a major international airport, the Oslo Airport. It also has two university hospitals, Akershus University Hospital and Sunnaas Hospital.

History 
Akershus became a fief in the 16th century. At that time it included the current counties of Hedmark, Oppland, Buskerud and Oslo. It also included municipalities of Askim, Eidsberg and Trøgstad in the county of Østfold. In 1685 Buskerud was separated from Akershus. In 1768 Hedmark and Oppland were also separated from Akershus. In 1842 Christiania (Oslo) was made separate as well. In 1948 Aker was transferred to the county of Oslo.

Origin 
The county is named after Akershus Fortress. The fortress was built in 1299. Its name means "the (fortified) house of (the district) Aker".

Municipalities 

 Asker
 Aurskog-Høland
 Bærum
 Eidsvoll
 Enebakk
 Fet
 Frogn
 Gjerdrum
 Hurdal
 Lørenskog
 Nannestad
 Nes
 Nesodden
 Nittedal
 Oppegård
 Rælingen
 Skedsmo
 Ski
 Sørum
 Ullensaker
 Vestby
 Ås

Other websites 
 Akershus county website 

Former counties of Norway
The West Highland White Terrier or Westie is originally a Scottish dog. 

The Westie was first used for hunting foxes and otters. The breed is well known for high stamina, courage and agility. Westies have a double white coat which protects them from attacks and cold weather. They have dark black eyes.

They are small dogs and are lively, playful and alert. They are loyal to their owner, but can be stubborn at times. They are known to kill small animals, such as moles, squirrels, chipmunks and birds. They like to be outdoors.

Terriers
"Soldier" is an R&B/hip hop song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland, Michelle Williams, Rich Harrison, Sean Garrett, T.I., and Lil Wayne for Destiny's Child's fourth studio album, Destiny Fulfilled (2004). It was produced by Knowles and Harrison and released as the album's second single in fall 2004. The song reached number 3 in Australia and the United States. It became the group's tenth and final consecutive top 10 hit in the US. It peaked in the top 10 in New Zealand, the UK, Denmark, Ireland, Israel, Finland, Italy, Greece and Switzerland. The song also was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration category. It won the Soul Train Lady of Soul Award for Best R&B/Soul Single by a Group, Band or Duo.

Credits and personnel 
 Lead vocals - Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland, Michelle Williams
 Vocal production - Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland
 Recorded by Jim Caruna at Sony Music Studios, NYC
 Additional vocals recorded by Tom Tapley, Fabian Marasciullo
 Audio mixing - Dexter Simmons
 Additional pro tools editing - Rommel Nino Villanueva
 Mastered by Tom Coyn

Official versions
 "Soldier Part II" (feat Rohff)
 "Soldier" (Remix) (feat Stack Bundles, Lil' Wayne & T.I)
 "Soldier" (DJ Noodles Remix) (feat. T.I. & Trazz)
 "Soldier" (JS Nu Soul Remix)
 "Soldier" (Kardinal Beats Remix)
 "Soldier" (Maurice's Joshua Nu Anthem Remix)
 "Soldier" (Maurice's Joshua Soul Remix)
 "Soldier" (Maurice's Joshua Nu Beat Remix)
 "Soldier" (Danny Howell & Dick Trevor's Kinkyfunk Remix) (feat. T.I.)
 "Soldier" (Grizz Blackmarket Remix) (feat. T.I. & Lil' Wayne)
 "Soldier" (MGM Antiloop Confusion Mix)
 "Soldier" (Bizarre Remix)
 "Soldier" (Remix) (feat. B.G.)
 "Soldier" (Remix) (feat. Bizarre of D-12)
 "Soldier" (Gogh's In House Mix)
 "Soldier" (Soldja Boy Crank Mix) (performed by Beyoncé Live on her 2007 Tour)

Destiny's Child songs
2004 songs
In dermatology, an abrasion is a damage to the skin that affects only the surface, generally not deeper than the epidermis. But it can give mild bleeding. Mild abrasions, also known as 'grazes' do not scar, but deep abrasions may lead to the development of scarring tissue.

Abrasion injuries occur rather often when exposed skin comes into moving contact with a rough surface causing trauma to the upper layers of the epidermis.

Such injuries, where caused by abrasive contact with textiles or carpet, are sometimes referred to as 'rug burn' or 'carpet burn'.

Related pages
 Wound

Medical signs
In materials science, wear is the erosion of material from a solid surface by the action of another solid. The study of the processes of wear is part of the discipline of tribology.
There are four principal wear processes:

Adhesive wear
Abrasive wear
Corrosive wear
Surface fatigue

Explanation 

The definition of wear does not include loss of dimension from plastic deformation, although wear can happen without loss of material. Also this definition does not include impact wear where there is no sliding motion or cavitation  (also corrosion) where counterbody is  a fluid..

Wear, along with other aging processes such as fatigue, creep, and fracture toughness, causes progressive degradation of materials with time leading to failure of material at an advanced age. Under normal circumstances, the property changes during usage normally occur in three different stages as follows:-
•	Primary or early stage or run-in period, where rate of changes can be high. 
•	Secondary or mid-age process where a steady rate of aging process is                                                      maintained. The useful or working life is at this stage.
•	Tertiary or old-age stage, where rapid rate of aging leads to early failure.

With increasing severity of environmental conditions, such as, higher temperatures, strain rates, stress and sliding velocities, the secondary stage is shortened and the primary stage tends to merge with the tertiary stage, thus drastically reducing the working life. Surface engineering processes are used to minimize wear and extend working life of material.

Adhesive wear
Adhesive wear is also known as scoring, galling, or seizing. It happens when two solid surfaces slide over one another under pressure.

Abrasive wear
This happens when material is removed by contact with hard particles. The particles either may be present at the surface of a second material or may exist as loose particles between two surfaces. 
Abrasive wear can be measured as loss of mass by the Taber Abrasion Test according to ISO 9352 or ASTM D 1044.

Corrosive wear

Often referred to simply as “corrosion”, corrosive wear is deterioration of useful properties in a material due to reactions with its environment.

Surface fatigue

Surface fatigue is a process by which the surface of a material is weakened by cyclic loading, which is one type of general material fatigue.

References 

R.Chattopadhyay; Surface Wear- Analysis, Treatment, and Prevention, ASM-International, OH, USA, 2001, ..
R.Chattopadhyay, Advanced Thermally Assisted Surface Engineering Processes Kluwer Academic Publishers, MA, USA (now Springer, NY), 2004, , E-.

Materials science
In medicine, a wound is a type of physical injury where in the skin is torn, cut or punctured (an open wound), or where blunt force trauma causes a bruise (a closed wound). In pathology, it specifically means a sharp injury which damages the dermis of the skin. A mortal wound is one that  leads directly to the death of the victim.

Healing 
To heal a wound, the body undertakes a series of actions collectively known as the wound healing process.

Related pages
Injury

References

Other websites 

WOUNDS, online open-access journal featuring articles about wound care and related research.
Ostomy Wound Management, online open-access journal featuring articles about wound care, ostomy care, incontinence care and nutrition
Journal of Burns and Wounds , online open-access journal featuring articles about wound care and related research

Medical emergencies
Armando Anthony "Chick" Corea (June 12, 1941 – February 9, 2021) was a famous American jazz pianist/keyboardist and composer.

He was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts and learned to play drums and piano with his father.  His career began in 1962 and he moved to New York City where he went to music schools and played with famous jazz musisicans such as Stan Getz, Sarah Vaughan and Miles Davis.  In 1972 he started his own jazz band called Return to Forever, where he played electric piano.  In the 1980s he formed one band called the Acoustic Band and one called the Electric Band.  He also had small trios and bigger bands. One of his recents bands was called "Spanish Heart Band" and had 8 members.

All together he made around 80 records and won 23 Grammy Awards.  Some of his best known jazz compositions were called "Spain", "500 Miles High", "Fiesta", "Armando's Rhumba" and "Windows".

Corea died from cancer at his home in the Tampa Bay Area of Florida on February 9, 2021, at age 79.

References

American composers
American pianists
American jazz musicians
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Massachusetts
1941 births
2021 deaths
Cancer deaths in Florida
Monthey is a district of the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:

 Champéry
 Collombey-Muraz 
 Monthey
 Port-Valais 
 Saint-Gingolph 
 Troistorrents
 Val-d'Illiez 
 Vionnaz 
 Vouvry

Districts of Valais
Raron was a district in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:

 Ausserberg
 Betten
 Bister 
 Bitsch 
 Blatten 
 Bürchen 
 Eischoll 
 Ferden 
 Filet
 Grengiols 
 Hohtenn 
 Kippel 
 Martisberg 
 Mörel 
 Niedergesteln 
 Raron 
 Riederalp 
 Steg 
 Unterbäch 
 Wiler

Former districts of Switzerland
Districts of Valais
Children that are homeless, and that have to look for themselves are called street children. They may have run away, or they may have no relatives who look after them.   

Looking at it more closely, there are two different concepts:  

 Children on the street: They spend most of the day on the street, because they have to work. They sleep at home.  
 Street children in the proper sense: The center of the lives of these children is on the street. They also sleep there (because they have nowhere else to go).   
According to the European Federation for Street Children, they are an extremely vulnerable group living in very difficult conditions. The human rights of many of these children are often violated: They are exposed to violence or sexual exploitation and abuse. They may be addicted to drugs.

Article 27 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) says that the state recognises the right of every child to a standard of living that is adequate for the development of the child. 

“State parties recognize the right of every child to a standard of living adequate for the child's physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social 

development.” Homelessness denies each one of those rights. According to an Inter-NGO Program on street children and youth, a street child is “any girl or boy who has not reached adulthood, for whom the street (in the widest sense of the word, including unoccupied dwellings, wasteland, etc.) has become his or her habitual abode and/or source of livelihood, and who is inadequately protected, directed, and supervised by responsible adults.”

Children who have no home but the streets, and no family support. They move from place to place, living in shelters and abandoned buildings.
‘Child on the street': children who visit their families regularly and might even return every night to sleep at home, but spends most days and some nights on the street because of poverty, overcrowding, child sexual abuse or physical abuse at home.
Part of a street family: these children live on sidewalks or city squares with the rest of their families. They may be displaced due to poverty, wars, or natural disasters. The families often live a nomadic life, carrying their possessions with them. Children in this case often work on the streets with other members of their families.
In institutionalized care: children in this situation come from a situation of homelessness and are at risk of returning to a life on the street or facing at the child labour or child prostitution.

References

Human issues
Children
Saint-Maurice is a district in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:

 Collonges 
 Dorénaz
 Evionnaz
 Finhaut
 Massongex
 Mex
 Salvan
 Saint-Maurice 
 Vernayaz
 Vérossaz

Districts of Valais
Sierre is a district of the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:

 Ayer
 Chalais 
 Chandolin 
 Chermignon 
 Chippis 
 Grimentz 
 Grône 
 Icogne 
 Lens 
 Miège 
 Mollens 
 Montana-Vermala
 Randogne 
 Sierre 
 Saint-Jean 
 Saint-Léonard 
 Saint-Luc
 Venthône 
 Veyras 
 Vissoie

Districts of Valais
Sion is a district of the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:

 Arbaz 
 Grimisuat 
 Salins
 Savièse 
 Sion 
 Veysonnaz

Districts of Valais
Visp is a district in the canton of Valais in southern Switzerland. It contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Valais
Frauenfeld is a district of the canton of Thurgau. The capital city, and the capital of Thurgau, is the city of Frauenfeld.

These municipalities are in the district:

Districts of Thurgau
The American badger (Taxidea taxus) is an animal usually found in the Great Plains area of North America. 

It looks similar to the European badger, but it is  not closely related to them. It is found in the western, central, and eastern United States, northern Mexico, and south-central Canada.

The American badger's habitat lives in open grasslands eating prey (such as mice, squirrels, and groundhogs). The badger likes areas such as prairies  with sandy loam soils where it can dig easily for its prey. They are found in many places from high alpine meadows to sea level.

American badgers are excellent diggers, and can tunnel rapidly through the soil using their powerful forelimbs.

Badgers are carnivorous.  Unlike many carnivores that stalk their prey in open country, badgers catch most of their food by digging. They can tunnel after ground-dwelling rodents with amazing speed.

References 

Mustelids
Kreuzlingen is a district of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. The capital city is Kreuzlingen.

It contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Thurgau
Weinfelden is one of the eight districts of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. The capital city is Weinfelden.

It contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Thurgau
Münchwilen is one of the eight districts of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. The capital city is Münchwilen.

It contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Thurgau
Arbon is a district of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. The capital city is Arbon.

It contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Thurgau
Steckborn is a municipality and the capital city of the district of Steckborn in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

Steckborn is near Lake Constance. In 2005, 3,398 people lived there.

History 
People lived in the area around Steckborn already in the 100s. There are also Roman ruins of walls and other buildings. Probably in the 800s, the village became part of the territory of the monastery of Reichenau. This is the period when it is first written about.

Trivia 
Karl Friedrich Gegauf, entrepreneur
Fritz Gegauf, inventor of the sewing machine and founder of Bernina

References

Other websites 
www.steckborn.ch 
BERNINA International site

Municipalities of Thurgau
Cities in Switzerland
Frauenfeld is the capital city of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. It is also the capital city of the district of Frauenfeld.

History

Early history 
The city is first written about in 1246. It grew up around the Frauenfeld castle on the land of the Reichenau convent.

In 1264, it became the property of the Habsburgs. In 1374, the Habsburgs bestowed the right of judgment for all of Thurgau (which then included St. Gallen) on the Duke of Frauenfeld.

Twice in the 1700s, Frauenfeld was partly destroyed by fire, in 1771 and in 1788.

The fall of the old Old Swiss Confederacy in 1798 as a result of the French invasion brought an end to the gatherings in Frauenfeld.

Modern history 
In 1919, the municipalities of Langdorf, Kurzdorf, Huben, Herten, and Horgenbach became part of Frauenfeld. In 1998, Gerlikon, Schönenhof, and Zelgli joined Frauenfeld.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 Official website

Municipalities of Thurgau
Capital cities in Switzerland
Benito Jerónimo Feijoo y Montenegro (8 October 1676 - 26 September 1764) was a Galician neoclassical monk and scholar noted for encouraging scientific thought in Galicia and Spain.

He was born in Casdemiro, and joined the Benedictines at the age of 12, and had taken classes in Galicia, León, and Salamanca. He later taught theology and philosophy at the university of Oviedo, and died at Oviedo. Padre Feijoo studied in Salamanca, Spain, at the University of Oviedo, earning a professorship in theology.  Feijoo was a prominent essayist for the Spanish, and his critiques, letters, and plays helped change the steadfast beliefs of many during the 18th century.

His two famous multi-volume collection of essays, Teatro critico universal (1726-1739) and Cartas eruditas y curiosas cover a range of subjects, from education, law, and medicine, to superstitions and popular beliefs. 

Father Feijoo was a debunker of myths. He had great interest in natural science and many of his essays touch on topics related to this subject and to the many myths about creatures and lands that abounded at that time. One example of how far his naturalistic bent went can be found in a story told by Julio A. Feijoo, one of his descendents, born in Cuba in 1910. Father Feijoo believed that demonic possession was a psychological phenomenon. Once he was called upon to perform an exorcism, and in order to demonstrate that this phenomenon was more due to suggestibility than anything else, in performing a spurious exorcism on the "possessed" subject, he read from Bocaccio's famous bawdy work the Decameron. Upon hearing the Latin lines, the "possessed" individual settled down and declared himself to be free of demonic influence.

1676 births
1764 deaths
Galician people
Monks
Spanish writers
Benedictines
Weinfelden is a municipality in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.  It is the capital of the district of the same name.

In December 2004 it had about 9500 people.  Since it is in the middle of the canton, part of the canton's government is in the town. The Thurgau cantonal bank is also there. The grand council of the canton meets in Weinfelden during the winter.

History

Early history 
Already in the year 124 AD, there was a Roman bridge over the Thur at Weinfelden. The name Weinfelden is first documented in 838.

Weinfelden was by far the biggest town in the canton of Thurgau. In 1798, Paul Reinhart and his committee led the area to freedom from the domination of the Eidgenossen. In 1803, Thurgau became an independent canton, through the mediation of Napoleon, with Frauenfeld as capital.

Modern history 
In 1830, Thomas Bornhauser spoke to a large crowd in Weinfelden, demanding a liberal constitution for the canton. It is one of the first (if not the first) such document.

Portraits of both Paul Reinhart and Thomas Bornhauser hang in the Rathaus.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Thurgau
Cities in Switzerland
Bernardino de Sahagún (1499 – October 23 1590), was a Franciscan missionary to the Aztec (Nahua) people of Mexico, best known as the compiler of the Florentine Codex, also known as  (General History of the Things of New Spain).

1499 births
1590 deaths

Spanish writers
Missionaries
Franciscans
Leopoldo Alas y Ureña (25 April 1851 – 13 May 1901), also known as Clarín, was a Spanish realist writer born in Zamora. He died in Oviedo on 13 May 1901.

Clarin lived in León and Guadalajara in his childhood, then he moved to Oviedo in 1865. There he studied Bachillerato (high school) and he started his law career. He lived in Madrid from 1871 to 1878, where he started his career as a journalist and he graduated with the thesis El Derecho y la Moralidad (Law and Morality). He taught in Zaragoza from 1882 to 1883. In 1883 he returned to Oviedo to take up a position as teacher of Roman law.

He wrote books including La Regenta. It is a long work, similar to Flaubert's Madame Bovary, one of the books that helped to inspire it. Other influences included Naturalism and Kraussism, a philosophical trend which made cultural and moral change in Spain.  He also wrote Nuevo viaje al Parnaso and La Literatura en 1881 (1882), working with Armando Palacio Valdes.

La Regenta is special for its great number of characters and other stories around the main story of the novel. The main character is shown in a way that is not very clear. On the other hand, the downfall of the provincial lady has place amidst two very different men who want to marry her: the most handsome man in the city, who is the winner in the end, and the cathedral's priest. The way the priest is shown is a very important part of the book.

For the description of the provincial setting and the city's collective life, Clarín used styles such as the internal monologue or the free indirect style, which makes the story be told by the characters, not the narrator.

In 1890, he published a new novel, Su único hijo. Most critics do not think it is as good as La Regenta. Su único hijo was originally meant to be the first of a series of three books, but these were not written. The only parts of them that exist are an outline and a few fragments of two of the novels. Su único hijo was Clarín's last long book.

Clarín also wrote some stories and some journalistic articles.

Clarin remains a rather unknown figure in the Spanish literary world. He searched for God and was Humanist at the same time. This strange mix has led to there being different views on the meaning of his writings. La Regenta in particular has many different views on what it could mean.

Works
La Regenta (The Regent's Wife) (1884–85) [Novel]
Su único hijo (His Only Son) (1890) [Novel]
Doña Berta (1892)
¡Adiós, Cordera! (1892)
Cuentos morales (Moral Stories) (1896)
El gallo de Sócrates (Socrates' Rooster) (1900)

Essays
 Solos de Clarín (1881)
 La literatura en 1881 (1882)
 Sermón perdido (1885)
 Nueva campaña (1887)
 Ensayos y revistas (1892)
 Palique (1894)

1851 births
1901 deaths
Spanish writers
Manchukuo was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in China and Inner Mongolia from 1932 until 1945. It was first a republic, but in 1934 it became a constitutional monarchy. It had little international recognition and was under the de facto control of Japan.

The place, called Manchuria, was the place of the Manchus, including the kings of the Qing dynasty. In 1931, Japan occupied Manchuria after the Mukden Incident.  A pro-Japanese government was created one year later with Puyi, the last Qing emperor, as the nominal regent and later emperor. Manchukuo's government was removed in 1945 at the end of World War II.  The Soviet Union invaded in August 1945, and formally transferred the territory to Chinese administration in the following year. Although the territories came under the jurisdiction of the Nationalist government, the brief Soviet occupation helped make the region into a base for the Chinese Communist troops, led by Mao Zedong. The People's Liberation Army got Japanese equipment and a strategic advantage against the National Revolutionary Army led by Chiang Kai-shek.

Manchus formed a minority in Manchukuo, whose largest ethnic group were Han Chinese. The number of Koreans increased during the Manchukuo period, and there were also Japanese, Mongols, White Army Russians and other minorities. The southern part of the Liaodong Peninsula was ruled by Japan as the Kwantung Leased Territory.

References

Former countries in Asia
20th century in Japan
20th century in China
Puppet states
1932 establishments in Asia
20th century in Mongolia
Ijiraq is a non-spherical moon of Saturn. It was found by the team of
Brett Gladman, John J. Kavelaars, et al. in 2000, and given the designation .

Orbit 

Ijiraq orbits Saturn at an average distance of 11,100,000 km in 451 days on an orbit very similar to Kiviuq's. The diagram illustrates its orbit in relation to other non-spherical moons of Saturn. The eccentricity of the orbits is represented by the yellow segments extending from the pericentre to the apocentre.

Physical characteristics 
While Ijiraq is a member of the Inuit group non-spherical moons, recent observations revealed that Ijiraq is redder than Paaliaq, Siarnaq and Kiviuq.

Name 
Kavelaars, an astronomer at McMaster University, suggested this name to help astronomical nomenclature to get out of its Greco-Romano-Renaissance rut. He spent several months trying to find names that were both multi-cultural and Canadian, consulting Amerindian scholars without finding a name that seemed good. In March 2001, he was reading an Inuit story to his children and had a revelation. The ijiraq plays at hide-and-seek, which is what these small moons of Saturn do: they are hard to find, and cold like the Canadian Arctic (the team of discoverers includes Canadians, Norwegians and Icelandic's—Nordicity is their common trait). Kavelaars contacted the author of the tale, Michael Kusugak, to get his assent, and the latter also suggested the names for Kiviuq and 90377 Sedna.

Other websites 
 David Jewitt pages

Saturn's moons
The Hebrew Bible, which is also called the Tanakh is the Biblical canon of Hebrew scriptures, including the Torah. These texts are almost exclusively in Hebrew, with a few passages in Aramaic.

It means the same as the Jewish Tanakh and the Protestant Old Testament, but does not include the deuterocanonical portions of the Roman Catholic Old Testament and is meant for the text only, not for naming, numbering or ordering of books (what both Tanakh and Old Testament do).

Hebrew Bible is a term that refers to the common portions of the Jewish canon and the Christian canons. In its Latin form, Biblia Hebraica, it is used as a title for printed editions of the masoretic text.

Usage 
On the one hand, the term "Hebrew Bible" is not often used among adherents of either Judaism or Christianity. On the other hand, it is widely used in academic writing and interfaith discussion.

Further reading 

 Kuntz, John Kenneth. The People of Ancient Israel: an introduction to Old Testament Literature, History, and Thought, Harper and Row, 1974. 
Nothing old about it by Shmuley Boteach (Jerusalem Post, November 28, 2007).

Other websites
A Hebrew Bible from around the year 1300

Bible versions
A targum (, plural: targumim) is an Aramaic translation of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) that was written or compiled in Palestine or in Babylonia from the Second Temple period until the early Middle Ages (late first millennium). 

Targum also means translation or interpretation. In Arabic Targem (verb) means to translate or interpret. (Mutargem = Translator/Interpreter).

Other websites 
 Targum Pseudo-Jonathan and Targum Onkelos at the Newsletter for Targumic and Cognate Studies - English translations by J.W. Etheridge
 The Aramaic Targum to Psalms  - a translation of the targum to Psalms by Edward M. Cook
 The Aramaic Targum to the Song of Songs - a translation of the targum to Shir HaShirim by Jay C. Treat
 The Aramaic Targum to Ruth - a translation of the targum to Ruth by Samson H. Levey
 The Aramaic Targum to Lamentations - a translation of the targum to Lamentations by C.M.M. Brady
 The Jewish Encyclopedia Entry on Targum
 The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon  - contains critical editions of all the targumim along with lexical tools and grammatical analysis.
 Targum - Catholic Encyclopedia article

Bible
Bughouse chess (also known as transfer chess or exchanged chess) is a version of the game chess. It is played by four people in two teams. Each team has two players. Teammates sit next to each other, and use opposite colored pieces. (This means that one player on a team will have white pieces and the other will have black pieces.) The game is played on two chess boards. Two chess clocks can also be used. Two games of chess are played in at the same time. If a player one game captures a piece, following the regular rules of chess, they give that piece to their partner to use in the other game. The partner can put the piece on the board instead of making a normal move. Pawns can not be placed in the first or last row but other pieces can be placed in any empty space.  

If one player wins, that team wins the match.

The game is usually played with a clock, which is often set from as short as one minute (usually when played online) to five minutes or longer. If a player runs out of time, that player's team loses.

There are many variations in how to play bughouse; most of these variations have to do with pawns.

Chess variants
Harry Kewell (born 22 September 1978 in Sydney) is an Australian football player. He currently plays for Melbourne Heart Football Club in the Australian A-League. He has played for the Socceroos.

He used to play for Leeds United in the Championship and then Galatasaray in the Süper Lig. His junior club was Marconi Stallions. He can play as a midfielder, a striker or a wing.

Career 
Harry Kewell started playing for Liverpool in 2003 before that he played for Leeds United. He was offered more money at other clubs such as Arsenal, Chelsea, Milan, Manchester United, Barcelona, Juventus and Real Madrid but eventually he chose to play at Liverpool. And Now Galatasaray

Club career statistics

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="8"|Leeds United||rowspan="8"|Premier League||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1996/97||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1997/98||29||5||4||2||2||1||colspan="2"|-||35||8
|-
|1998/99||39||6||5||1||2||2||4||0||50||9
|-
|1999/00||36||10||3||2||2||0||12||5||53||17
|-
|2000/01||17||2||0||0||0||0||9||0||26||2
|-
|2001/02||27||8||0||0||1||1||7||2||35||11
|-
|2002/03||31||14||4||1||1||0||5||1||41||16
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="5"|Liverpool||rowspan="5"|Premier League||36||7||3||0||2||1||8||3||49||11
|-
|2004/05||18||1||0||0||1||0||12||0||31||1
|-
|2005/06||27||3||6||0||1||0||6||0||40||3
|-
|2006/07||2||1||0||0||0||0||1||0||3||1
|-
|2007/08||10||0||1||0||1||0||3||0||15||0

|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Galatasaray||rowspan="2"|Süper Lig||26||8||1||0||1||1||9||4||37||13
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
275||57||26||6||13||5||67||11||381||79
26||8||1||0||1||1||9||4||37||13
301||65||27||6||14||6||76||15||394||92
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1996||2||0
|-
|1997||6||3
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||3||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||2||2
|-
|2004||3||1
|-
|2005||2||0
|-
|2006||4||1
|-
|2007||6||2
|-
|2008||9||3
|-
|2009||7||1
|-
!Total||45||13
|}

References

1978 births
Living people
Australian footballers
Sportspeople from Sydney
Maiasaura was a large, plant-eating, duck-billed dinosaur. Maiasaura was the first dinosaur that was found alongside its young, eggs, and nests. This suggests that Maiasaura nurtured its young.

About Maiasaura 
Maiasaura lived about 80 to 65 million years ago in the late Cretaceous period. It was described as a kind and good natured dinosaur who ate plants, leaves and berries. It ate no meat at all since it was a herbivore. Its name Maiasaura means “Good Mother Lizard”. It was named this because scientists discovered that it looked after its young. Maiasaura measured about 9 metres long, 2-2.5 metres tall and weighed around 1800 kg.

Where they live 
Maiasaurs fossils were found in Montana, United States.

Hadrosauridae
Tusks are very long teeth that some animals have. Tusks are made of ivory. Ivory is very rare and expensive. Many elephants are killed for their tusks. One third of a tusk is in the elephant’s head.

Other websites 
 Carved Ivory Tusk 

Animal anatomy

pt:Elefante#Presas