cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Twente or (obsolete) Twenthe (Low Saxon: Tweante) is a historical region in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. Its (informal) capital and biggest city is Enschede.

Twente borders Salland region (also Overijssel) in the west and north, Achterhoek region (province of Gelderland) in the south, County of Bentheim (Lower Saxony, Germany) in the northeast, and Münsterland (North Rhine-Westphalia, also Germany) in the southeast.

As of 2021, about 633,000 people were living in (administrative) Twente. They are nicknamed Tukkers and speak Tweants, which is a Low Saxon dialect.

Until the 1960s textile industry was flourishing in Twente.

Municipalities 
These 14 municipalities belong (administratively) to Twente region:

 Almelo
 Borne
 Dinkelland
 Enschede
 Haaksbergen
 Hellendoorn (most part in Salland region)
 Hengelo

 Hof van Twente
 Losser
 Oldenzaal
 Rijssen-Holten (partially in Salland)
 Tubbergen
 Twenterand (partially in Salland)
 Wierden

Netwerkstad Twente 
Almelo, Borne, Enschede, Hengelo, and Oldenzaal are working together in the so-called Netwerkstad Twente. Its aim is to improve the economy of Twente. About 370,000 people were living in Netwerkstad Twente in 2021.

Related pages 
 Achterhoek
 Kop van Overijssel
 Salland

References 
 Plaatsengids.nl

Other websites 
 Visittwente.com (tourism)

 
Regions of the Netherlands
Izabella Jadwiga Zielińska (née Ostaszewska; 10 December 1910 – 20 November 2017) was a Polish pianist and educator. She was with one of the longest artistic biographies in Poland, starting back in 1935. She was born in Klimkówka, Austria-Hungary (present-day Klimkówka, Republic of Poland). In 2016 she celebrated her 106th birthday.

Zielińska died on 20 November 2017 in London at the age of 106.

References

Other websites

1910 births
2017 deaths
Polish pianists
Polish educators
Centenarians
Pliny's Comedy and Tragedy villas were two Roman villas owned by Pliny the Younger in the 1st century. They were on the shores of Lake Como in northern Italy. Pliny had several villas on Lake Como. He wrote to his friend Voconius Romanus that the Comedy villa and the Tragedy villa were his two favorites. In Italy, the villas are called Villa Commedia and Villa Tragedia. In Italian, "commedia" means "comedy" and "tragedia" means "tragedy".

In his letter to Voconius Romanus Pliny also wrote that the Tragedy villa was on a hill above the lake but that the Comedy villa was right on the water's edge. Their names come from the theatre of ancient Greece and Rome. Pliny said that the villa on the hill was like the actors in tragedies who wore platform boots. He named that villa "Tragedy". The villa down by the water was like the actors in comedies who wore flat slippers. He named that villa "Comedy". Both villas were destroyed long ago. No one is sure exactly where they stood.

Most people think that the Tragedy villa  was in Bellagio, a small town on Lake Como. People are less sure where the Comedy villa was. The historian Paolo Giovio (1483-1552) thought that by the 16th century the Comedy villa was under the water of Lake Como near the village of Lenno. The geographer Abraham Ortelius (1527–1598) also wrote that the Comedy villa was in Lenno. But in 1876 a Roman mosaic floor and many Roman coins were found in Lierna, another small town on Lake Como. Many people there now think that the mosaic floor was part of the Comedy villa. In the early 20th century the French geographer Élisée Reclus wrote that Lierna was the site of one of Pliny's villas, but he did not say which one.

In 1751 John Boyle, 5th Earl of Orrery, published his English translation of Pliny's letters. The letter to Voconius Romanus describing the Comedy and Tragedy villas was illustrated with an imaginary picture of the Comedy villa drawn by Samuel Wale. The art historian Pierre de la Ruffinière du Prey, has said that the villa in Wale's drawing looks like Alexander Pope's villa on the River Thames in London. Alexander Pope was a friend of John Boyle. Pliny's own description of the Comedy villa in his letter said that its terrace was gently curved like the shore of the lake. He could fish directly from his bedroom window. He said that lying in his bed at the Comedy villa was like lying in a fishing boat on the lake.

References

Buildings and structures in Ancient Rome
Lierna
Kibris Türk devleti island of Cyprus has one time zone. Eastern European Time (EET) (UTC+02:00) is used during winter, while Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) (UTC+03:00) is used in the other months. In 2016, Northern Cyprus changed to Turkey Time (TRT) (UTC+03:00) after Turkey decided not to change its clocks back, but reverted to EET on October 29, 2017.

References 

Cyprus
Cyprus
Juan Luis Maurás (18 June 1922 – 22 November 2017) was a Chilean lawyer and politician who was President of the Senate (1966) and the Chamber of Deputies (1958). He was born in Santiago, Chile.

Maurás died on 22 November 2017 in Antofagasta, Chile, aged 95.

References

1922 births
2017 deaths
Presidents of the Senate of Chile
People from Santiago
Jonathan Haze (born April 1, 1929) is an American actor. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He is best known for his work in Roger Corman movies, especially the 1960 black comedy cult classic, The Little Shop of Horrors, in which he played florist's assistant Seymour Krelboyne.

References

Other websites
 

Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
American television actors
American movie actors
1929 births
Living people
William Joseph Kennedy (born January 16, 1928) is an American writer and journalist. He was born and raised in Albany, New York. He studied in Siena College. He was inspired by Gore Vidal, William Shakespeare, and by Edgar Allan Poe.

Kennedy's works include The Ink Truck (1969), Legs (1975), Billy Phelan's Greatest Game (1978), Ironweed (1983, winner of the 1984 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction; movie, 1987), and Roscoe (2002). 

In 2011, he published Changó's Beads and Two-Tone Shoes, which one reviewer called a book "written with such brio and encompassing humanity that it may well deserve to be called the best of the bunch".

In 1953, Kennedy married Ana Segarra. They have three children. He lives in Averill Park, New York.

References

Other websites

Finding Aid for the Papers of William Kennedy,
Audio recording of William Kennedy reading from unpublished works at the Key West Literary Seminar, 2009
Write TV Public Television Interview with William Kennedy
2011 radio interview at The Bat Segundo Show
M. E. Grenander Department of Special Collections and Archives , University at Albany Libraries.

Pulitzer Prize winners
1928 births
Living people
American novelists
American journalists
Writers from New York
People from Albany, New York
Peter Fernandez (January 29, 1927 – July 15, 2010) was an American actor, voice actor, director, author and child model. He was born in New York City. He began with a career in modeling stretching from the 1930s. He was probably best known for his roles in the 1967 anime Speed Racer and Astro Boy (1952–1968). He also had voice roles in Courage the Cowardly Dog.

Fernandez died of complications from lung cancer in Pomona, New York on July 15, 2010 at the age of 83.

References

Other websites

Recent commercial voice work by Fernandez 

Peter Fernandez's interview at Otakon 2008

1927 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in New York
American movie actors
American voice actors
American television actors
American child actors
Models from New York City
American novelists
American video game actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American military personnel of World War II
American television writers
American television directors
Screenwriters from New York City
Actors from New York City
Courage the Cowardly Dog is an American animated horror comedy television series created by John R. Dilworth for Cartoon Network as part of the network's Cartoon Cartoons block. The main character is the pink dog who lives with a married elderly couple (Muriel and Eustace Bagge) in the middle of Nowhere. The dog, Courage is voiced by Dilworth while Muriel is voiced by Thea White and Eustace was voiced by Lionel Wilson (until 33rd episode due to illness) and by Arthur Anderson. Paul Schoeffler voices The Computer, Courage's smart and loyal friend which is a computer.

Guest appearances include Billie Lou Watt, Peter Fernandez, Ringo Starr, Tom Kenny, Jim Cummings, and Tim Curry.

It premiered on November 12, 1999 and ended on November 22, 2002, with four seasons of 13 episodes each produced. During its run, the series was nominated for 3 Golden Reel Awards and 1 Annie Award. The series received critical acclaim from critics and audiences and has developed a strong cult status.

Cast
 Marty Grabstein – Courage
 Thea White – Muriel Bagge
 Lionel Wilson (Episodes 1–33), Arthur Anderson (Episodes 34–52) – Eustace Bagge

Danish Voice Cast
 Christian Damsgaard – Frygtløs
 Bente Eskesen – Myrna
 Dick Kaysø – Egon
 Karin Jagd – Egons Mor / Shirley / med flere
 Peter Zhelder – Katz / Frode / Computeren / med flere

Additional Voices
 Thomas Kirk
 Michael Elo

Other websites

Courage the Cowardly Dog - Cartoon Network Department of Cartoons (Archive)

Channel Links

1999 American television series debuts
American animated television series
American comedy television series
American horror television series
Cartoon Network series
English-language television programs
Thea Ruth White (née Zitzner; June 16, 1940 – July 30, 2021) was an American voice actress. She was best known for her voice over work as Muriel Bagge on Courage the Cowardly Dog. She was born in Newark, New Jersey. 

White was married to Andy White from 1983 until his death in 2015.

White died on July 30, 2021 in Cleveland, Ohio from an infection caused by liver cancer surgery, aged 81.

References

Other websites
Thea White's official website 

1940 births
2021 deaths
American voice actors
American television actors
Actors from Newark, New Jersey
Deaths from surgical complications
Infectious disease deaths in New Jersey
Deaths from liver cancer
John Russell Dilworth (born February 14, 1963), is an American animator, actor, director, writer, and producer. He is known for being the creator of the animated television series Courage the Cowardly Dog. He also worked on the original opening for Nicktoons and for shows such as Doug, Johnny Bravo, and My Life as a Teenage Robot, as well as the Disney animated series PB&J Otter.

References

Other websites
StretchFilms.com, Homepage of Dilworth's Animation Company

Interview with Dilworth

1968 births
Living people
Animators
Cartoonists
British television actors
British voice actors
British television directors
British television producers
British television writers
Actors from Manchester
Miguel Alfredo González Puebla (September 23, 1983 – November 23, 2017) was a Cuban professional baseball pitcher. He played in the Cuban National Series, for the Cuban national baseball team, and for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB) during the 2014 season. He was born in Havana, Cuba.

González was killed in a car accident in Havana, Cuba, on November 23, 2017 at the age of 34.

References

Other websites

1983 births
2017 deaths
Road accident deaths
Philadelphia Phillies players
Cuban sportspeople
People from Havana
Neil Gillman (September 11, 1933 – November 24, 2017) was a Canadian-American rabbi and philosopher affiliated with Conservative Judaism. He was born in Quebec City, Canada. He was a member of the Conservative movement's rabbinical body, the Rabbinical Assembly, and was a professor of Jewish philosophy at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, in Manhattan.

Gillman died on November 24, 2017 in Manhattan, New York of thrombosis at the age of 84.

References

1933 births
2017 deaths
American philosophers
American rabbis
Canadian Jews
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York City
Conservatives
Deaths from thrombosis
Jewish American academics
People from Quebec City
Canadian philosophers
Educators from New York City
In classical software architecture, the architecture is often layered. There is one layer for the user interface, another for the application logic, and yet another for accessing persistent data (such as a database). In classical software architecture, an application server is used, which will run the different services (such as different entrypoints of a web site, or different parts of the business application). The problem with this approach is that such application servers often do not scale very well, they need a lot of resources, and services are often tightly coupled.

Microservices are patterns of Software architecture: The approach is similar to the pattern described above, but the services are very small: very often they only provide one or two very specific functions. To get the same situation as above, these services must interact with each other. Very often they do this using RESTful service calls. Each microservice still has the parts of the user interface layer, the application layer, and the layer to access persistent data. Very often, microservices run in an application container. When the load requires it, special software in the application container can be used to run several instances (or copies) of the specific service.

Microservices is a specialization of an implementation approach for service-oriented architectures (SOA) used to build flexible, independently deployable software systems. The microservices approach is a first realisation of SOA that followed the introduction of DevOps and is becoming more popular for building continuously deployed systems.

References

Computer science
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr was the President of Iraq from 17 July 1968 to 16 July 1979. He was born in Tikrit, Ottoman Iraq on 1 July 1914.
He was a member of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and later, the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party. During his rule Iraq had high economic growth due to high international oil prices. Al Bakr slowing lost power to his cousin Saddam Hussein.

Presidents of Iraq
1914 births
1982 deaths
Vice Presidents of Iraq
People from Tikrit
Iraqi military people
Leaders of political parties
Prime Ministers of Iraq
Ahmad Shah Massoud was an Afghan military commander during Afghan-Soviet war and later on in the civil war afterwards. He was an ethnic Tajik and a Sunni muslim. During the civil war, he defended the capital from the Taliban, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, and Abdul Rashid Dostum.

After the Taliban came to power in 1996, Massoud returned to armed opposition. Mssoud rejected the Talibans radical interpretation of Islam. He became the leader of the Northern Alliance which allied with NATO during the war against the Taliban. He was assassinated on September 9, 2001, two days before the September 9/11 attacks in the US.

Afghan military people
Assassinated people
2011 deaths
Afghan politicians
Deaths by suicide bomber
John Fitzgerald Thierry (September 4, 1971 – November 24, 2017) was a former professional American football defensive end player. He was born in Houston, Texas. He studied at Alcorn State University.

From 1994 through 1998, Thierry played for the Chicago Bears. In 1999, he played for the Cleveland Browns. From 2000 to 2001, he played for the Green Bay Packers. In 2002, he played for the Atlanta Falcons. During his career Thierry played in 131 games and started 70 of them recording 33.5 sacks and 158 tackles with 7 fumble recoveries. 

Thierry died on November 24, 2017 of a heart attack at the age of 46.

References

1971 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
American football defensive ends
Chicago Bears players
Green Bay Packers players
Cleveland Browns players
Atlanta Falcons players
Sportspeople from Houston, Texas
Sportspeople from Mississippi
Gudrun Pausewang (3 March 1928 – 23 January 2020) was a German writer for children and teens. 

She was also known in science fiction for Young-Adult novels such as The Last Children of Schewenborn. She was born in Mladkov, Czech Republic and was a teacher and emptied at German Schools in Chile and Venezuela, but above all at the German School of Barranquilla in Colombia; and traveled to North, Central and South America, including the Amazon Basin, Tierra del Fuego, Peru, Bolivia and Mexico. She died at the age of 91 near Bamberg in Germany. 

In 1988, her novel Die Wolke (The Cloud) won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis ("German Youth Literature Prize"), the Kurd-Laßwitz-Preis ("Kurd Lasswitz Prize"), and the Deutscher Science Fiction Preis ("German Science Fiction Prize") for Best Novel.

Her sister was writer and sociologist Freya Pausewang.

References

Other websites
 Gudrun Pausewang: Manna 
 TES magazine (Children's books; Arts) "What Alice discovered"  Interview with Gudrun Pausewang

1928 births
2020 deaths
German children's writers
German educators
German novelists
Science fiction writers
Jaime Ortí Ruiz (24 January 1947 – 24 November 2017) was a Spanish football businessman and sports commentator. He was born in Aldaya, Spain. He was one of the Presidents of the football team Valencia C.F.. He was believed to have created the term "Galácticos" to describe the Real Madrid team. He was also a sports commentator for Channel Nou.

Ortí died in Valencia, Spain on 24 November 2017 from lung cancer at the age of 70.

References

Other websites
Jaime Ortí: "En el Valencia se ha tirado el dinero, los presupuestos se deben equilibrar" from Las Provincias (16/03/2009) 

1947 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in Spain
Spanish sportspeople
Spanish businesspeople
People from Valencia
Jai Krishan Kakubhai Shroff (screen name: Jackie Shroff) is an Indian actor. He has been working for four decades (about 40 years) in the Bollywood film industry. He has appeared in about 220 films in various Indian languages, including Hindi, Marathi, Oriya, Tamil, Malayalam, Punjabi, Kannada, Bengali, Konkani and Bhojpuri.

Film
In 1983, Shroff made his acting debut in Dev Anand's movie Swami Dada. In 1983, Subhash Ghai gave him a lead (main) role in the movie "Hero," which was a success and brought Shroff to the public's attention.

After Hero, he did several films, amongst which were Andar Baahar. Jaanoo and Yudh were successful. In 1986 he did Karma which became the highest-grossing(earning) film of 1986.  In 1985, he starred in Shiva Ka Insaaf, which was both India's first superhero movie and the first 3D movie filmed in the Hindi language.

Family

Shroff's son Tiger Shroff is an actor.  Shroff's daughter Krishna Shroff is an assistant director.

Awards
 1990: Won: Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Parinda
 1994: Nominated: Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Gardish
 1994: Nominated: Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Khalnayak
 1995: Won: Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award – 1942: A Love Story
 1996: Won: Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award – Rangeela
 1997: Nominated: Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award – Agni Sakshi
 2002: Nominated: Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award – Yaadein
 2001: Nominated: Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role – Mission Kashmir
 2003: Nominated: Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award – Devdas
 2007: Special Honour Jury Award for outstanding contribution to Indian cinema
 2014: Won: The Original Rockstar GQ
 2016: Won: HT Most Stylish Living Legend Award.
 2017: Won: Raj Kapoor Award - Received by yesteryear actress Rakhee Gulzar: 30 April 2017.
 2017: Won: Received the 20th anniversary of JP Dutta's Border movie Award: 12th June 2017.

References

Other websites

Indian actors
1957 births
Living people
Machiko Kyō (京 マチ子 Kyō Machiko; March 25, 1924 – May 12, 2019) was a Japanese actress who was mainly active in the 1950s. She was born in Osaka, Japan. She was known for her roles in Kenji Mizoguchi's Ugetsu (1953) and Kon Ichikawa's Odd Obsession (1959). She also starred in The Teahouse of the August Moon opposite Marlon Brando and Glenn Ford, for which she received a Golden Globe nomination.

Her final role was as "Matsuura Shino" in the NHK television drama series Haregi Koko Ichiban in 2000.

Kyō died of heart failure on May 12, 2019 at the age of 95.

References

Other websites

 Photo gallery: Machiko Kyo in Japanese Film-fan Magazines of the 1950s 

1924 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Japanese movie actors
Japanese television actors
Japanese stage actors
Silent movie actors
People from Osaka
The intermediate value theorem says that if a function, , is continuous over a closed interval , and is equal to  and  at either end of the interval, for any number, c, between  and , we can find an  so that . 

This means that if a continuous function's sign changes in an interval, we can find a root of the function in that interval. For example, if  and , we can find an  in the interval  that is a root of this function, meaning that for this value of x, , if  is continuous. This corollary is called Bolzano's theorem.

References  

Mathematical theorems
Ángel Antonio Berni Gómez (9 January 1931 – 24 November 2017) was a Paraguayan football striker. He played for national team, San Lorenzo, and for Real Betis. He was born in Asunción, Paraguay.

Berni died on 24 November 2017 in Asunción at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
Profile at Franjanegra 
Jugadores de San Lorenzo

1931 births
2017 deaths
Paraguayan footballers
Sotir Ferrara (5 December 1937 – 25 November 2017) was an Italian-Albanian religious leader. He was the Bishop of the Eparchy of Piana degli Albanesi, a diocese of the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church in Sicily, Italy. He was born in Piana degli Albanesi, Italy. On 15 October 1988 he was elected by the Pope John Paul II to the bishopric of Eparchy of Piana degli Albanesi.

Ferrara died in Tirana, Albania on 25 November 2017 at the age of 79.

References

1937 births
2017 deaths
Albanian people
Italian Roman Catholics
Bishops
Emilie Cosman, known as Milein Cosman, (31 March 1921 – 21 November 2017) was a German-born British artist. She was born in Gotha, Germany. She was best known for her drawings and prints of leading cultural figures, dancers and musicians in action, such as Francis Bacon, Mikhail Baryshnikov, T. S. Eliot and Igor Stravinsky.

Cosman died in London on 21 November 2017 at the age of 96.

References

Other websites
 Works in the National Portrait Gallery
 Milein Cosman's page at Camden Printmakers
 Interview with Milein Cosman on BBC radio
 Milein Cosman at Lebrecht Music and Arts Photo Library

1921 births
2017 deaths
Illustrators
German artists
British artists
Armando Hart Dávalos (June 13, 1930 – November 26, 2017) was a Cuban politician and a Communist leader. He was born in Havana, Cuba. Before the Cuban Revolution which ousted President Fulgencio Batista, Hart studied to be a lawyer at the University of Havana. While there, he became politically active and would soon join Fidel Castro and Che Guevara in their fight against Batista.

When Castro came into power, Hart served as Minister of Education (1959–1976) and as Minister of Culture (1976–1997).

Hart died in Havana of respiratory failure on November 26, 2017 at the age of 87.

References

1930 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Cuban politicians
Communists
Political activists
People from Havana
Harry Pregerson (October 13, 1923 – November 25, 2017) was an American judge. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles and at the University of California, Berkeley.

Pregerson served as Senior judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. He was appointed to the Ninth Circuit in 1979 by President Jimmy Carter and became senior status on December 11, 2015.  

Before to his elevation to the circuit court he was appointed to the United States District Court for the Central District of California in 1967 by President Lyndon Johnson.

Pregerson died in Los Angeles on November 25, 2017 of respiratory failure at the age of 94.

References

Other websites
Profile at Appellate Counsellor Website 

1923 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
American military personnel of World War II
American judges
Politicians from Los Angeles
US Democratic Party politicians
Andrzej Wincenty Górski (15 August 1920 – 22 November 2017) was a Polish academic and chemist. He was born in Warsaw. He was Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the Warsaw University of Technology. He was the author of a large number of research articles on the systematics of chemical objects, as well as academic textbooks: "General Chemistry" and the two-volume textbook "Chemistry".

Górski died in Warsaw on 22 November 2017 of complications from a stroke at the age of 97.

References

1920 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Polish educators
Polish chemists
Writers from Warsaw
Maurice Auguste Chevalier (September 12, 1888 – January 1, 1972) was a French actor and cabaret singer. He was born in Paris. He was perhaps best known for his songs, including "Louise", "Mimi", "Valentine", and "Thank Heaven for Little Girls" and for his movies, including The Love Parade, The Big Pond, Love Me Tonight and Gigi.

During World War I, Chevalier was a prisoner of war of Germany for two years from 1914 through 1916.

In 1930, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his roles in The Love Parade (1929) and The Big Pond (1930), which made his first big American hit, "Livin' in the Sunlight, Lovin' in the Moonlight".

In 1958, Chevalier received an Honorary Academy Award for his works in the movie industry.

In 1970, he made his final work to the movie industry where he sang the title song of the Disney movie The Aristocats.

Chevalier died on January 1, 1972 in Paris of kidney failure at the age of 83.

References

Other websites

 

1888 births
1972 deaths
Actors from Paris
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in Paris
French entertainers
French military personnel of World War I
French movie actors
French prisoners
French singers
French stage actors
French television actors
French voice actors
Jazz musicians
Musicians from Paris
Prisoners of war
Radio actors
Silent movie actors
Tony Award winners
Roderick Anderson "Roddy" Maude-Roxby (2 April 1930 – ) is an English actor and comedian. He has appeared in numerous many, such as Walt Disney's The Aristocats, where he appeared as Edgar Balthazar; Unconditional Love; and Clint Eastwood's White Hunter Black Heart, playing Thompson.

Other websites
 

1930 births
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English stage actors
Actors from London
Comedians from London
Margaret Nixon "Marni" McEathron (February 22, 1930 – July 24, 2016), known professionally as Marni Nixon, was an American singer and actress in movie musicals. She was best known for dubbing the singing voices of the leading actresses in movies, including The King and I, West Side Story, and My Fair Lady.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 
 
 Extensive Nixon biography and photos
 Interview with Marni Nixon by Bruce Duffie, June 10, 1987
 Nixon singing with Leonard Bernstein on television in 1961

1930 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
Cancer deaths in New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American musical theatre actors
Singers from Los Angeles County, California
Actors from Los Angeles County, California
Jacques Hamel (30 November 1930 – 26 July 2016) was a French Catholic priest. He was born in Darnétal, Seine-Maritime, France. He worked in the parish of Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray.

On 26 July 2016, Hamel was murdered during the 2016 Normandy church attack by two Muslim men pledging allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant while he celebrated Mass in his church. His throat was slit during the attack in Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray, France. He was 85 years old.

Hamel was called a martyr by some international press shortly after his death. Calls to make him a saint started soon after his death. The canonization cause was officially opened at diocesan level in April 2017, after Pope Francis had waived the otherwise mandatory five-year waiting period for the opening of such causes.

References

Other websites

1930 births
2016 deaths
French murder victims
French Roman Catholics
Roman Catholic priests
Miloš Radulović (22 February 1929 – 15 October 2017) is a Montenegrin politician. He was born in Spuž. He was an acting president in 1993. 

He served as the Dean of Titograd Faculty of Economics from 1974 until 1978, as the rector of Titograd University from 1986 until 1990. Later, he served as a President of the Chamber of Republics of the Federal Assembly of Yugoslavia (1992–1996) and as an ambassador to the United Kingdom (1996–1999).

References

1929 births
2017 deaths
Presidents of Montenegro
Educators
Ambassadors
Alfred Miodowicz (June 28, 1929 – September 17, 2021) was a Polish politician and trade union activist. He was born in Poznań, Poland. 

Miodowicz was a member of communist Polish United Workers Party. He held posts in the State National Council, Central Committee and Political Bureau. He was also the leader of the All-Poland Alliance of Trade Unions and took part in the Polish Round Table Agreement.

Miodowicz died on September 17, 2021 at the age of 92.

References

1929 births
2021 deaths
Polish politicians
Activists
People from Poznań
Professor Abdul Ghafoor Ravan Farhâdi (born 23 August 1929) is an Afghan academic and diplomat. He was born in Kabul, Afghanistan. He served as Afghanistan's Ambassador to the United Nations from 1993 to 2006. He was known for being a major supporter of the United States in Afghanistan and thought the United States was good to help the country of Afghanistan.

He studied at Lycée Esteqlal in Paris. His paper was on "le Persan parlé en Afghanistan", later translated to English and Russian. Farhâdi speaks French, English and Persian fluently.

In 1964, he returned to Kabul to work at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 1964 till 1968, he served as Director-General for Political Affairs at the ministry and then he was Deputy Foreign Minister for 5 years. Between 1965 and 1971 he also was Secretary of the Council of Ministers of the Afghan Government. He later served as Afghan Ambassador to France.

References

1929 births
Living people
Educators
Ambassadors of Afghanistan
Tehreek-e-Labaik is a religious political party of Pakistan. Head of the party is Khadim Hussain Rizvi. He is a Muslim scholar. When Nawaz Sharif was de-seated, new elections were held to choose  a new member for National Assembly of Pakistan, this party took part in elections and got third position. When Government of Pakistan changed Khatm-e-Nabuwat law in Elections Bill 2017, this party went onto protests which bacame violent with time in November 2017. They demanded resignation of then Pakistan's law minister Zahid Hamid. Zahid Hamid resigned admitting his wrong.

References

Politics
Pakistan
María del Rosario Green Macías (31 March 1941 – 25 November 2017) was a Mexican economist, diplomat and politician. She was born in Mexico City. Green served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs in the Ernesto Zedillo cabinet from 1998 through 2000. She was also the Secretary General of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) from 2005 to 2006.

In her later years, Green served as Senator for the 2006–2012 period. During the Vicente Fox administration, she served as Ambassador to Argentina.

Green died on 25 November 2017 in Mexico City at the age of 76.

References

Other websites
 Profile on the site of the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs of Mexico.
 Mexican Embassy in Argentina 
Biography  at the OECD website.
The Kozmetsky Center for Excellence In Global Finance 
St. Edward's University in Austin, TX

1941 births
2017 deaths
Mexican educators
Mexican economists
Ambassadors of Mexico
Politicians from Mexico City
The Wind in the Willows is a children's book by Scottish author Kenneth Grahame. It was published in 1908. It is about four animals (a mole, rat, badger and toad) throughout their adventures in the English countryside.

References

Other websites

 The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame at Project Gutenberg

1908 books
British novels
Children's books
English-language novels
Kenneth Grahame (8 March 1859 – 6 July 1932) was a Scottish children's writer. He is best known for his book The Wind in the Willows (1908). The Mr. Toad story from the movie The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949) is based off The Wind in the Willows. He also wrote the short story The Reluctant Dragon (1898), which was made into a movie in 1941. Until 1908, Grahame was a banker.

Grahame was born in Edinburgh. He married Elspeth Thomson in 1899. Their son, Alastair, was born in 1900 and had health issues during his life. Alastair took his own life in 1920.

Grahame died on 6 July 1932 in Pangbourne, Berkshire, at the age of 73.

References

Other websites

 Kenneth Grahame at Project Gutenberg

1859 births
1932 deaths
Bankers
British children's writers
People from Edinburgh
Scottish novelists
Stevens MRT Station (DT10/TE11) is an underground interchange station on the Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit system. 
This station is one of four to have faregates on the same level as the platforms. The others are Bishan, Expo and Changi Airport stations.

Due to space constraints, the two platforms at the station are seperated from each other and have their own faregates. A ten minute grace period was put in place by the Land Transport Authority in case passengers tap in at the wrong faregates.

The Stevens station is located at the junction of Bukit Timah road and Stevens road, where the station takes its name from.

History
This station opened on 27 December 2015, along with the rest of the Downtown line stage 2. The Thomson East Coast line section will open in 2021, as part of stage 3 of the line.

References
 

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
2015 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in Singapore
Maharaja Kalu Thapa Kshatri () or simply, Kalu Thapa was the first King of Takam State. The Thapa dynasty of Takam Kingdom (1246-1545 B.S.) (also called 4000 Parvat State) continued for 300 years only to be defeated by Dimba Bam Malla to form bigger Parbat State. Yashodhara Thapa, King of Jyamrukot (Jamarik), is the male progenitor of the Bhimsen Thapa family and leading Bada Kaji Amar Singh Thapa.

Fictitious Account
In the Thapa genealogy, he is also accredited to have ruled over Doti from Kāndāmalika. The genealogy claims that he was son of fictitious Kshatriya named Vatsaraja () born from Ashwamedha Yagya (holy fire) and fictitious Vasundhara Devi, daughter of fictitious Kanyakubji Rajput chief Radha Madhav Rajput. The genealogy claims Vatsaraja to be giant sized and thus achieving title of Abhaya Narsingh Maharaja and his son Kalu Thapa achieving title of Abhaya Narsingh Kumar. The genealogy traces the lineage of all Bagale Thapas to a male progenitor (Mūlapuruṣa) King Kalu Thapa Kshatri, who first ascended to the throne at Kāndāmālikā on Saka Era 1111.

Children
He had four sons who descended the four divisions of his state;
Purnakhar Thapa (Punyakar) - succeeded Pulachour Kingdom
Tarapati Thapa (Tarasimha) - succeeded Takam Kingdom
Biru Thapa - succeeded Rukumkot Kingdom
Dharmaraj Thapa (Yashodhar/Jashodhar) - succeeded Jyamrukot (Jamarik) Kingdom

Later, all these states were conquered by Samalvanshi Thakuri King Dimba Bam Malla.

References
The Libyan Desert forms the northern and eastern part of the Sahara Desert. It describes that part of the Sahara that lies within the present-day state of Libya; it also historically describes the desert to the south of Ancient Libya, a territory which lay to the east of the present-day state. The Libyan Desert is one of the driest, harshest and most remote parts of the Sahara, the world's largest hot desert. This extended desert country is barren, dry and rainless.

Other websites 

 The Libyan Desert at fjexpeditions.com
 Libyan Desert at African volunteer.net; retrieved 6 November 2016 
 Tea in the Sahara: a road trip though the Libyan desert Sara Wheeler, The Guardian, 4 September 2013; retrieved 6 November 2016
 The complete text and photos of the discoveries of Ahmed Pasha Hassanein in the Libyan Desert, National Geographic Magazine, September 1924

Deserts
Lenno is a small village on the shores of Lake Como in northern Italy. It is located about  north of Milan and about  northeast of Como. Lenno is on a small bay of Lake Como called the Golfo di Venere (Bay of Venus).

Ancient Romans started the village. Julius Ceasar invited 500 Greeks to come live in the village. The Greeks planted olive trees all around Lenno. The historian Paolo Giovio (1483-1552) and the geographer Abraham Ortelius (1527–1598) wrote that Pliny the Younger had a villa in Lenno. It was called  the Comedy villa.

Today, the village is popular with tourists. It has mansions, hotels, restaurants, and a small harbor. In 2014, Lenno was joined with three other nearby villages (Mezzegra, Ossuccio and Tremezzo) to make a single municipality called Comune di Tremezzina.

Twin towns
Lenno was twinned with:
  Lemnos, Greece

References

Settlements in Lombardy
Augustin-Louis Cauchy (21 August 1789 – 23 May 1857) was a French mathematician and physicist who made many important contributions to mathematical analysis and mathematical physics, including elasticity. Importantly, he created complex analysis, which studies complex functions and their properties. Cauchy graduated the École Polytechnique. Cauchy did not like mathematicians making assumptions, and he particularly did not like the way that earlier mathematicians, such as Euler and Lagrange, assumed that properties of finite expansions, meaning that we can count the number of terms, also worked for infinite series. Cauchy was able to give examples of where this did not work, and called the assumptions that the earlier mathematicians made, the generality of algebra. More theorems have been named after Cauchy than any other mathematician in history.

Relating pages
Cauchy distribution 
Cauchy's integral formula 
Cauchy sequence

References 

1789 births
1857 deaths
French mathematicians
French theoretical physicists
In Egyptian mythology, the Ogdoad are a group of eight deities (divine beings) worshipped in Hermopolis. The gods of the Ogdoad were mostly seen as humans with the heads of animals, or just depicted as snakes and frogs. They were arranged in four male-female pairs, with the males associated with frogs, and the females with snakes. Their story is part of the Egyptian creation myth.

The Egyptians believed that before the world was formed, there was a watery mass of dark, directionless chaos. In this chaos lived the Ogdoad of Khmunu (Hermopolis). These were four frog gods and four snake goddesses of chaos. Together they represented balance in infinity.

Their names were Nun and Naunet (water), Amun and Amaunet (invisibility), Heh and Hauhet (infinity) and Kek and Kauket (darkness).

The chaos existed without the light, and thus Kek and Kauket came to represent this darkness. They also symbolized obscurity, the kind of obscurity that went with darkness, and night.

The Ogdoad were the original great gods of Iunu (On, Heliopolis) where they were thought to have helped with creation, then died and retired to the land of the dead where they continued to make the Nile River flow and the sun rise every day.

References

Egyptian gods and goddesses
Creation myths
Brandon Sanderson (born December 19, 1975) is an American fantasy and science fiction writer. He is best known for the Cosmere universe, where most of his fantasy books are set; and for finishing Robert Jordan's fantasy series The Wheel of Time.

Sanderson was raised in Lincoln, Nebraska. He studied at Brigham Young University, where he received degrees in English literature and creative writing. In 2008, Sanderson started a podcast with author Dan Wells and cartoonist Howard Tayler called Writing Excuses with topics about creating and producing genre writing and webcomics.

In 2016, the American media company DMG Entertainment bought the movie rights to Sanderson's entire Cosmere universe.

Life and career
Brandon Sanderson was born on December 19, 1975, in Lincoln, Nebraska. As a teenager, he loved reading high fantasy novels and tried writing his own stories. After graduating from high school in 1994, he enrolled at Brigham Young University (BYU) as a biochemistry major. He took a two-year leave of absence from 1995 to 1997 to work as a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and was assigned to serve in South Korea.

After completing his missionary work, Sanderson returned to BYU and changed his major to English literature. While an undergraduate, Sanderson took a job as a night desk clerk at a local hotel in Provo, Utah, because it allowed him to write while working. After earning a B.A. in English, Sanderson entered BYU's creative writing graduate program and received an M.F.A. degree in 2005. During his graduate work at BYU, Sanderson was on the staff of Leading Edge, a semi-professional speculative fiction magazine published by the university.

Sanderson wrote regularly throughout his undergraduate and graduate studies, and by 2003 he had written twelve novels, all unpublished. While in the middle of a graduate program at BYU, Tor Books editor Moshe Feder contacted him to say that he wanted to get one of his books. Sanderson had sent the manuscript of his sixth novel, Elantris, a year and a half earlier. Elantris was published by Tor Books on April 21, 2005, to generally positive reviews. This was followed in 2006 by Mistborn: The Final Empire, the first book in his Mistborn fantasy trilogy.

In 2006, Sanderson married Emily Bushman. She was also an English major and teacher. She became his business manager. They have three children and live in American Fork, Utah.

References 

Writers from Nebraska
1975 births
Living people
People from Lincoln, Nebraska
American science fiction writers
Charles Henry Emeleus (4 September 1930 – 11 November 2017) was a British geologist. He was born in Belfast, England. He specialized in the Tertiary volcanic rocks of Britain and Greenland. Emeleus was a highly capable petrologist. The mineral emeleusite, a colourless sodium silicate, is named after Emeleus. In 2016, he received the Prestwich Medal.

Emeleus died on 11 November 2017 in Durham, England at the age of 87.

References

1930 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
British geologists
People from Belfast
Julio Oscar Mechoso (May 31, 1955 – November 25, 2017) was an American actor. He was born in Miami, Florida. He was known of his roles in Grindhouse, Bad Boys, Ken Park and Little Miss Sunshine. His television roles included Miami Vice, Coach, Seinfeld, and Greetings from Tucson.

Mechoso died of a heart attack in his home on November 25, 2017 in Burbank, California at the age of 62.

References

Other websites

1955 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in California
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Miami, Florida
Loïc Bouvard (20 January 1929 – 27 November 2017) was a French politician. He was born in Tours, Indre-et-Loire. Bouvard was a member of the National Assembly of France.  He represents the Morbihan department, and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.

Bouvard died on 27 November 2017 at the age of 88.

References

Other websites

1929 births
2017 deaths
French politicians
Bill Harris (September 1, 1934 – November 27, 2017) was an American Republican politician and businessman. He was born in Fork Mountain, Tennessee. Harris served in the Ohio General Assembly, notably as President of the Ohio Senate from 2005 to 2010. He was a member of the Ohio Senate from 2000 until his retirement in 2010.

Harris died on November 27, 2017 in Ashland, Ohio at the age of 83.

References

Other websites
 Project Vote Smart - Bill M. Harris (OH)

1934 births
2017 deaths
American military personnel of the Korean War
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Politicians from Tennessee
Politicians from Ohio
Businesspeople from Tennessee
Businesspeople from Ohio
Military people from Tennessee
Military people from Ohio
US Republican Party politicians
Smashburger is an American fast-casual burger restaurant chain with more than 370 restaurants serving in 37 states and 9 countries. The company was founded in Denver, Colorado in 2007 by Tom Ryan, Rick Schaden, and private equity firm Consumer Capital Partners.

References

American fast food restaurants
Sports in Denver, Colorado
2007 establishments in the United States
A surfactant is a chemical that lowers the surface tension of a liquid. Less surface tension lets the liquid soak into things better, and can also let bubbles form easier. A liquid that bubbles and soaks into things is better at cleaning, so surfactants are used in soap.

Uses
Every year, 15 million tons of surfactants are made. Half of them are used in soap; the rest are used in many different ways including making toothpaste and concrete.

One popular surfactant is sodium laurel sulfate, also called sodium dodecyl sulfate or SDS. SDS is a cheap, commonly used surfactant that is used in almost every toothpaste and many shampoos, body washes, and shaving creams.

Safety and environment
Small amounts of most common surfactants are usually not harmful to people or animals, although if they get into eyes they can be painful.  Very large amounts of surfactants can kill animals, but the amount varies depending on the surfactant.

Larger amounts of surfactants can be a problem in the environment, where they let the soil hold more water than usual, but this problem usually goes away in a few days.

References

Chemistry
The Atatürk Olympic Stadium () is a sports stadium in Istanbul, Turkey. It has a seating capacity of 76,092. This makes it the biggest stadium in the country. Building began on the stadium in 1997. It was completed in 2002. It mostly plays host to football matches. It is the home stadium of the Turkey national football team, and formerly to Galatasaray, Beşiktaş and İstanbul Başakşehir.

The Atatürk Olympic Stadium was named after Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. On 25 May 2005, the stadium held the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final between Milan and Liverpool.

The stadium will hold the 2023 UEFA Champions League Final.

References

Other websites

 

Football stadiums in Turkey
Istanbul
2002 establishments
Bellagio is a small town on the shores of Lake Como in northern Italy. The southern part of Lake Como is split into two branches by a peninsula. The peninsula is shaped like a triangle. Bellagio is on the northern tip of the peninsula. In 2017 about 3,700 people lived in Bellagio. The Ancient Romans called the town Bilacus.

Twin towns 
Bellagio is twinned with:

References

Other websites

 

Towns in Italy
Settlements in Lombardy
Emily Wilding Davison (11 October 1872 – 8 June 1913) was born in Blackheath in southeast London on. She studied at Royal Holloway College and at Oxford University, although women were not allowed to take degrees at that time.
 
In 1906, she joined the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), founded by Emmeline Pankhurst. Three years later she gave up her job as a teacher and went to work full-time for the suffragettes. She was frequently arrested for causing a public disturbance and burning post boxes. She spent a number of short periods in jail.
 
In 1909, she was sentenced to a month's hard labour in Strangeways Prison in Manchester after throwing rocks at the carriage of chancellor David Lloyd George. She attempted to starve herself, and resisted force-feeding. A prison guard, angered by Davison's blockading herself in her cell, forced a hose into the room and nearly filled it with water.  She sued the wardens of Strangeways, and was awarded 40 shillings.
 
By 1911, Davison was becoming increasingly militant. On 4 June 1913, she ran out in front of the king's horse as it was taking part in the Epsom Derby. Her purpose was unclear, but she was trampled on and died on 8 June from her injuries.

1872 births
1913 deaths
People from London