cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Kabaddi                     is a team sport.
Two teams are on opposite halves of a small field.  They take turns sending a "raider" into the other half. This is to win points by tackling members of the opposing team. Then the raider tries to return to his own half.  He holds his breath and chants the word "Kabaddi" during the whole raid. The raider must not cross the lobby unless he touches any of his opponents. If he does not touch anyone then he will be "out". There is also a bonus line.  If the raider touches it and returns to his side of the field, he will get extra points. If the raider is not able to get back to his own side, then he is considered "out".

In the international team version of kabaddi there are two teams of seven members and 4 are in substitution
.  Each are on opposite halves of a field of 10 m × 13 m in case of men and 8 m × 12 m in case of women. Each has five extra players held in reserve. The game is played with 20-minute halves.  There is a five-minute half-time break when the teams change sides.

Teams take turns sending a "raider" to the opposite team's half.  The goal is to tag or wrestle ("confine") members of the opposite team. Tagged members are "out" and temporarily sent off the field.

The goal of the defenders is to stop the raider from returning to the home side before taking a breath. If any of the seven players cross the lobby without touching the raider he will be declared as "out".

The raider is sent off the field if:
 the raider takes a breath before returning or
 the raider crosses boundary line or
 a part of the raider's body touches the ground outside the boundary (except during a struggle with an opposing team member).

Each time when a player is "out", the opposing team earns a point. A team scores a bonus of two points, called a "lona", if the entire opposing team is declared "out". At the end of the game, the team with the most points wins.

Matches are based on age and weight. Six officials supervise a match: one referee, two umpires, a scorer and two assistant scorers.

the modernised version of Game was founded in Maharashtra. Kabaddi received International exposure in 1937 Olympics ,Demonstrated by India.The game was introduced in Indian Games in Calcutta 1938.Kabaddi is popularized by Sundar Ram of India in Japan,When he toured on behalf Asian Amatruer Kabaddi Federation.

Kabaddi World Cup 
Men's World Cup 2004
The Kabaddi World Cup was first played in 2004.  It was played again in 2007,  2010 and 2016. So far India is the unbeaten champion in Kabaddi World Cup. Iran is the next most successful nation being twice runner-up. South Korea was the runner-up in 2010.

Women's World Cup
The Women's Kabaddi World Cup was first played in 2012 in Patna, Bihar, India. India won the championship defeating Iran in the finals gold.

Other websites

Team sports
Sport in Bangladesh
Sport in Iran
Sport in Pakistan
Sport in India
The following is a list of current, future, and (some) former Major League Baseball stadiums.

Current ballparks

American League
Angel Stadium of Anaheim - Los Angeles Angels
Comerica Park - Detroit Tigers
Fenway Park - Boston Red Sox
Globe Life Field - Texas Rangers
Guaranteed Rate Field - Chicago White Sox
Kauffman Stadium - Kansas City Royals
Minute Maid Park - Houston Astros
Oakland Alameda Coliseum - Oakland Athletics
Oriole Park at Camden Yards - Baltimore Orioles
Progressive Field - Cleveland Indians
Rogers Centre - Toronto Blue Jays
T-Mobile Park - Seattle Mariners
Target Field - Minnesota Twins
Tropicana Field - Tampa Bay Rays
Yankee Stadium - New York Yankees

National League
American Family Field - Milwaukee Brewers
Busch Stadium - St. Louis Cardinals
Chase Field - Arizona Diamondbacks
Citi Field - New York Mets
Citizens Bank Park - Philadelphia Phillies
Coors Field - Colorado Rockies
Dodger Stadium - Los Angeles Dodgers
Great American Ball Park - Cincinnati Reds
Marlins Park - Miami Marlins
Nationals Park - Washington Nationals
Oracle Park - San Francisco Giants
Petco Park - San Diego Padres
PNC Park - Pittsburgh Pirates
Truist Park - Atlanta Braves
Wrigley Field - Chicago Cubs

Some former ballparks

Arlington Stadium - Texas Rangers
Astrodome - Houston Astros
Comiskey Park - Chicago White Sox
Globe Life Park in Arlington – Texas Rangers
Hard Rock Stadium – Miami Marlins (then known as Florida Marlins)
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum - Los Angeles Dodgers
Memorial Stadium (Baltimore) - Baltimore Orioles
Metrodome - Minnesota Twins
Metropolitan Stadium - Minnesota Twins
Milwaukee County Stadium (Milwaukee) - Milwaukee Braves; Milwaukee Brewers
Polo Grounds - New York Giants; New York Yankees; New York Mets
Shea Stadium - New York Mets
West Side Park - Chicago Cubs
Wrigley Field (Los Angeles) - Los Angeles Angels
Yankee Stadium (1923) - New York Yankees

Related pages
Baseball park

Baseball lists
Lists of buildings
The Sopranos is an American crime drama television series. It ran from 1999 until 2007. The programme is based on the life of Italian American organized crime. The main character, Tony Soprano, is a New Jersey-based waste consultant who also is a member of American Mafia. Soprano is trying to battle the problems of his home life and his work life. In the first episode we meet the Soprano family, who seem to have an average American life. When Tony talks to his counsellor, we learn about his secret criminal based life.

The program and its actors won many awards. It was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series in every year it was able to. The Sopranos won at least one Emmy Award for acting in every eligible year except 2006 and 2007. In 2000 and 2001, The Sopranos earned two consecutive George Foster Peabody Awards.

Other websites 

1999 American television series debuts
2007 American television series endings
1990s American drama television series
1990s crime television series
2000s American drama television series
2000s crime television series
American crime drama television series
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
Emmy Award winning programs
Golden Globe Award winning programs
HBO television series
Peabody Award winners
Television series set in New Jersey
English-language television programs
Carrom is a indoor tabletop game. It is between billiards and table shuffleboard. Carrom is known by many names around the world, including carrum, couronne, carum, karam, karom, karum, fatta (Punjabi) and finger billiards. The game was started in India. Formal rules for the game were not written until 1988. 

The game is played in many countries across the world.  It is played for fun and as a competitive sport. The competitive sport is organised by the International Carrom Federation. Carrom uses simple equipment which lets many people play. There is a version of the game that uses cue sticks (which is also known as pool).

There are two players or two teams. The time it takes to play a game changes with each game. It is a brain game. There are two pink colour billiards, nine black colour billiards and nine brown colour billiards

Games
Indoor sports
European Network for Accreditation of Engineering Education (ENAEE) authorises quality assurance and education accreditation agencies within the European higher education area, to award the EUR-ACE label to their accredited engineering degree programmes.

Agencies authorised to award the EUR-ACE label 
 FEANI - The European Federation of National Engineering Associations.
 ASIIN – Fachakkreditierungsagentur für Studiengänge der Ingenieurwissenschaften, der Informatik, der Naturwissenschaften, und der Mathematik e.V. Germany 
 CTI – Commission des titres d'ingénieur, France
 Engineering Council UK
 Engineers Ireland 
 Ordem dos Engenheiros, Portugal
 AEER – Association for Engineering Education in Russia.
 MÜDEK – Association for Evaluation and Accreditation of Engineering Programmes, Turkey

References

Education
Qualifications
The city of Bridgetown is the capital and largest city of the nation of Barbados.  It was called the Town of Saint Michael.  It is in the parish of Saint Michael. Bridgetown is sometimes locally called "The City", but more common is simply "Town".

The Bridgetown port, found along Carlisle Bay, is on the southwestern coast of the island.  The Grantley Adams International Airport for Barbados, is  southeast of Bridgetown city centre.

The present day location of the city was set by English settlers in 1628.  This was after settlement at St. James Town. Bridgetown is a major West Indies tourist destination.  On 25 June 2011, Historic Bridgetown and its Garrison were added as a World Heritage Site of UNESCO.

Bridgetown is the only city outside continental North America that George Washington visited.

English settlement of Bridgetown began on 5 July 1628 under Charles Wolverstone.

Climate

References

World Heritage Sites in North America
National capitals in North America
Cities in the Caribbean
Barbados
1628 establishments
17th-century establishments in the British Empire
The national flag of Barbados was started on 30 November 1966.  That was the island's first Independence Day.  It has a triband of two bands of ultramarine.  These are said to stand for the ocean.  The middle band is golden. This is for the sand on the island. A black trident-head is centred in the golden band.  The broken lower part is a symbolic break from its status as a colony. The three points of the trident are for the three principles of democracy - 1) government of, 2) for, and 3) by the people. 

The design for the flag was made by Grantley W. Prescod.  There was an open competition put on by the Barbados government. Over a thousand entries were received.

References

Barbadian culture
Barbados
1966 establishments in Barbados
The NME Awards is a yearly music awards show in the United Kingdom.  It was started by the music magazine, NME (New Musical Express).  The first awards show was held in 1953.  

At first it was called the NME Poll Winners Concerts. These continued through until 1972. The Beatles and The Rolling Stones were most commonly featured. 

The awards began again in 1994 as the NME Brat Awards.  This was a pun on the BRIT Awards.

Major winners
Note: This list only includes winners of major awards (e.g. Best Album, Best British Band, Best Track, etc.)

1995 – Oasis (3 awards)
1996 – Oasis (4 awards)
1999 – Manic Street Preachers (4 awards)
2000 – Blur (3 awards)
2001 – Coldplay (2 awards)
2002 – The Strokes (3 awards)
2003 – Coldplay (2 awards)
2005 – Franz Ferdinand (2 awards)
2006 – Arctic Monkeys (3 awards)
2007 – Arctic Monkeys (2 awards)
2008 – Arctic Monkeys (3 awards)
2009 – MGMT (2 awards)
2010 – Muse and Kasabian (2 awards)
2011 – My Chemical Romance (2 awards)
2012 – Florence and the Machine (2 awards)

Music awards
British music
Overexposed is the fourth studio album by American pop rock band Maroon 5. The album was released on June 26, 2012 under A&M/Octone Records in the United States. The album was announced on March 26, 2012 on the group's newsletter. The album's producers consist of One Republic frontman Ryan Tedder, Benjamin "Benny Blanco" Levin, Max Martin, and Shellback. The lead single off the album "Payphone" was released on April 16, 2012. It features rapper Wiz Khalifa. The song peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and number-one on the Digital Songs chart. It sold 490,000+ digital downloads within its first week beating out the previous toppers Black Eyed Peas with their hit single "I Gotta Feeling."

On May 18, 2012 the band performed the song "One More Night" in Atlantic City publicly for the first time. It was announced on May 22nd that it would serve as the album's second single before the time of the album's release on June 26, 2012. And the third and fourth singles of the album were "Daylight" and "Love Somebody".

Production 
The Maroon 5' members started writing the songs for Overexposed during their Hands All Over Tour.

Track listing
 "One More Night"
 "Payphone" (featuring Wiz Khalifa)
 "Daylight"
 "Lucky Strike"
 "The Man Who Never Lied"
 "Love Somebody"
 "Lady Killer"
 "Fortune Teller"
 "Sad"
 "Tickets"
 "Doin' Dirt"
 "Beautiful Goodbye"

Bonus tracks
 "Wipe Your Eyes"
 "Wasted Years"
 "Kiss" / "Let's Stay Together"
 "Payphone" (featuring Wiz Khalifa) (Cutmore Remix)	 
 "Payphone" (featuring Wiz Khalifa) (Supreme Cuts Remix)	 
 "Payphone" (featuring Wiz Khalifa) (The Others Remix) (Preorder Only)
 "One More Night (The Sticky K. Remix)

Release history

2012 albums
Maroon 5 albums
The coat of arms of Barbados was started on independence in 1966.  Like other former British lands in the Caribbean, the coat of arms has a helmet with a national symbol on top.  It has a shield beneath that is supported by two animals.

The national symbol on top of the helmet is the fist of a Barbadian.  It is holding two stalks of sugar cane that are crossed to resemble St. Andrew's Cross. This is for the importance of the sugar.  Barbados has its national independence day on St. Andrew's Day.

The shield is gold in colour. On it are two of the national flower, and a single bearded fig tree. The shield is supported by a dolphin fish and pelican. They are for the fishing industry and Pelican Island.

At the bottom is Barbados' national motto "Pride and Industry" on a scroll.

Barbadian culture
Barbados
1966 establishments in Barbados
In Plenty and In Time of Need is the national anthem of the country of Barbados. It was written by Irving Burgie.  The music was written by C. Van Roland Edwards. As one part of the West Indies Federation Barbados' anthem was supposed to be Forged from the Love of Liberty.  The current anthem was made with Barbados' moves toward independence.  This song was then taken by Barbados when it became independent in 1966.

Lyrics

In plenty and in time of need,
When this fair land was young;
Our brave forefathers sowed the seed,
From which our pride was sprung.
A pride that makes no wanton boast,
Of what it has withstood;
That binds our hearts from coast to coast,
The pride of nationhood.
We loyal sons and daughters all,
Do hereby make it known;
These fields and hills beyond recall,
Are now our very own.
We write our names on history's page,
With expectations great;
Strict guardians of our heritage,
Firm craftsmen of our fate.
The Lord has been the people's guide,
For past three hundred years;
With Him still on the people's side,
We have no doubts or fears.
Upward and onward we shall go,
Inspired, exulting, free;
And greater will our nation grow,
In strength and unity.
We loyal sons and daughters all,
Do hereby make it known;
These fields and hills beyond recall,
Are now our very own.
We write our names on history's page,
With expectations great;
Strict guardians of our heritage,
Firm craftsmen of our fate.
Christ Church is a parish of Barbados. It has a land area of .  It is found at the southern end of the island.

The parish has the Sir Grantley Adams International Airport.  It also has the last remaining mangrove swamp in the country, the Graeme Hall Nature Sanctuary. Another notable area of Christ Church is Saint Lawrence Gap.  It is the most lively tourist area on the island. Many of the taverns and clubs in St. Lawrence are used by locals and tourists alike.

Notable persons
 Shirley Chisholm, the first black woman elected to the United States House of Representatives, lived in Christ Church with her maternal grandmother for a large part of her childhood.
 Doug E. Fresh, the famous beatboxer and rapper (prominent in the 80's and 90's) was born here.
 Jaicko Lawrence, contemporary pop music singer/songwriter.
 Jefferson Jones (cricketer) (1954- ), born at Christ Church before moving to England where he played cricket for Berkshire.

Parishes of Barbados
1627 establishments
17th-century establishments in the British Empire
Gestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) is a condition in which females who previously were not having diabetes exhibit higher than normal levels of blood sugar while pregnant. The illness usually shows few signs/symptoms. It is usually found during pregnancy medical checks. Up to 16% of pregnant women are affected by GDM.  Pregnant women with family history of having diabetes and ethnic background have higher chances of getting the disease.  

Gestational diabetes is caused when a pregnant woman's body does not produce enough insulin, leading to higher than normal blood sugar levels. Some women with GDM are treated with drugs. However, healthy eating and regular exercise can help to lower the chances of getting GDM. 

It is still unclear what causes gestational diabetes. It may be due to the action of pregnancy hormones, blocking the action of insulin to its receptors. This prevents cells to take in glucose properly. This causes sugar to remain in blood, where it continues to rise.  

Babies born to mothers with  gestational diabetes can have many problems, such as, being too large (which may make childbirth difficult), lower than normal blood glucose, or being born too early.  More serious problems include brain problems or dead before birth. In addition, women with gestational diabetes have higher risk of getting Type 2 diabetes (or, in fewer cases, Type 1 diabetes) after pregnancy.  

In most cases, children belonging to mothers having gestational diabetes are at higher risk of childhood obesity and Type 2 diabetes later in life. This can be stopped through healthy eating and regular  exercise.

Risk factors 
Common risk factors for developing gestational diabetes are: 
 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
 Having gestational diabetes previously 
 Family history with Type 2 Diabetes
 Mother's age-  risk increases with age (especially for women 35 years of age) 
 Ethicity: African-Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, Native Americans, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders, and people originating from South Asia
 Being overweight or obese
 First child being born large (high birth weight). 
 Previous poor pregnancy experience  
 Smoking during pregnancy

Standard Medical Test 
A basic test is carried out during the first visit to the doctor during pregnancy. The doctor or nurse will ask certain questions to check if the mother is at high risk of getting gestational diabetes.   

Woman found with higher chance of getting GDM will be offered a blood glucose test. This allows the doctor to check the correct sugar levels in the mother's blood.

Prevention 
Light exercise and stop smoking during pregnancy can greatly help pregnant women to avoid getting GDM. 

Diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system
Diabetes mellitus
Zhou Enlai (; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China. He served from October 1949 until his death in January 1976. Zhou served under Mao Zedong and was an important leader in the Communist Party.

A skilled and able diplomat, Zhou served as the Chinese foreign minister from 1949 to 1958. He believed in getting along with Western countries after the Korean War. He participated in the 1954 Geneva Conference and helped organize Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. He helped make policies regarding the disagreements with the U.S., Taiwan, the Soviet Union (after 1960), India and Vietnam. Zhou is best known as the long-time top aide to Mao Zedong. His specialty was foreign policy. Mao and Zhou's different personalities made them an effective team, according to Henry Kissinger, the American diplomat who dealt with both men.

1898 births
1976 deaths
Chinese politicians
Jean-Marc Ayrault (born 25 January 1950) is a French politician. He was the Prime Minister of France from 15 May 2012 to 31 March 2014. He has also been the Mayor of Nantes since 1989. He was appointed prime minister by François Hollande following the defeat of the UMP president and the resignation of that government.

References 

1950 births
Living people
French mayors
Prime Ministers of France
French Roman Catholics
Government ministers of France
People from Pays de la Loire
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Joseph Monier (November 8, 1823, Saint-Quentin-la-Poterie, France—March 13, 1906, Paris) was a French gardener. He was one of the inventors of reinforced concrete.

Monier did experiments with iron-wire reinforcement for his cement and concrete tubs and basins. He made the idea in 1867 and put his invention on exhibition the same year at the Paris Exposition.

References 

French inventors
1823 births
1906 deaths
Vipers are a family of venomous snakes, the Viperidae. All have long, hinged fangs that dig deep into their prey and inject venom. The venom causes internal bleeding. There are four subfamilies of the Viperidae.

Description 
All vipers have a pair of long hollow fangs which are used to inject venom from glands found in the back of the upper jaws. The venom is a kind of protease, a destroyer of protein.

Almost all vipers have ridged scales, a well built body with a short tail and, to make room for the venom glands, a triangular-shaped head. Their slit-shaped pupils can open wide to open most of the eye, or close almost completely. This helps them to see in a wide range of light levels. Vipers are nocturnal, meaning that they sleep in the day and wake up at night to go hunting. 

Like other snakes, vipers are predators, meaning that they eat other animals,. Their main diet is birds (including bird eggs), amphibians, such as frogs and toads, and other small reptiles like lizards and smaller snakes.

Reproduction 
Most viper species are ovoviviparous, giving birth to live young, but a few lay eggs. The word "viper" is derived from Latin vivo = "I live" and pario = "I give birth".

Where they live
Viper snakes are found in Americas, Africa, Eurasia. In the Americas they live from southern Canada, through the United States, Mexico, Central America, and into South America. The only type of viper which lives in the United Kingdom are the adders.

Subfamilies

Type genus = Vipera—Laurenti, 1768

Diet
Vipers are predators, meaning that they eat other animals, their main diet is eating birds (including bird eggs), amphibians, such as frogs and toads, and other small reptiles like lizards and other smaller snakes.

References
Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed al-Megrahi (1 April 1952 – 20 May 2012) was a Libyan man who was convicted for the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. Megrahi was the head of security for Libyan Arab Airlines, Libya's national airline, and was accused of being a spy. He was born in Tripoli.

Megrahi was the only person convicted in connection with bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, which happened on 21 December 1988. He was held under armed guard in Libya from 1991 until 1999, when he was moved to the Netherlands. His trial began in May 2000 in a special court in the Netherlands. On 31 January 2001, he was convicted of 270 counts of murder. He was sentenced to life imprisonment.

He was held in Scottish prisons until he was released on compassionate grounds on 20 August 2009 because he had terminal prostate cancer. He returned to Tripoli that day and died of the disease there.

References 

Deaths from prostate cancer
Murderers
People from Tripoli
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
1952 births
2012 deaths
Filippo Raciti (17 January 1967–2 February 2007) was an Italian police officer who was killed in a fight between Calcio Catania fans outside a stadium in Catania. Raciti's death was in the news around the world. All of the Italian football matches, even the national team, were suspended for a week.

References 

Italian people
1967 births
2007 deaths
Police officers
Natural law is the idea that there are forms of law that exist by themselves in nature, regardless of whether people exist or recognise them or not. Unlike other forms of law (called positive laws) that have been agreed on by society, such laws would be given to all, and would not be possible to go against. Such rights are called natural. In modern times, human rights are often seen as coming from natural law, but the idea goes back to Ancient Greece.

Natural law is often founded on the following:
God, who created natural law with creating the world
Logos, an idea from philosophy; this is interpreted to be divine law
Part of natural law inside human beings (called Self-knowledge, sometimes conscience)
Certain laws that can be deduced from the natural sciences
Nature itself
Reason

Important philosophers who developed natural law include Aristotle, Plato, Seneca the Younger, Thomas Aquinas, and Immanuel Kant. People who criticized this approach include Jeremy Bentham and Hans Kelsen.

Related pages
Constitution
Jurisprudence

Types of law
Philosophy
Joseph Epstein (born January 9, 1937 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American academic, writer and editor.  He is best known as an editor of The American Scholar from 1975 to 1997.  He was given the National Humanities Medal in 2003.

Selected works
In an summary based on writings by and about Joseph Epstein, OCLC/WorldCat includes roughly 60+ works in 135 publications in 6 languages and 21,000+ library holdings.
Divorced in America: Marriage in an Age of Possibility (1974)
Familiar Territory: Observations on American Life (1979)
Ambition: The Secret Passion (1980)
Middle of My Tether: Familiar Essays (1983)
Plausible Prejudices: Essays on American Writing (1985)
Once More Around the Block: Familiar Essays (1987)
Partial Payments: Essays on Writers and Their Lives (1988)
A Line Out for a Walk: Familiar Essays (1991)
Pertinent Players: Essays on the Literary Life (1993)
With My Trousers Rolled: Familiar Essays (1995)
Life Sentences: Literary Essays (1997)
Narcissus Leaves the Pool: Familiar Essays (1999, paperback 2007)
Snobbery: The American Version (2002)
Envy (2003)
Friendship: An Exposé (2006)
Alexis de Tocqueville: Democracy's Guide (2006)
In a Cardboard Belt!: Essays Personal, Literary, and Savage (2007)
Fred Astaire (2008)
Gossip: The Untrivial Pursuit (2011)

Honors
 National Humanities Medal, 2003

References

1937 births
Living people
Writers from Chicago
Ross Shor Lynch (born on December 29, 1995) is an actor, singer, instrumentalist and dancer U.S. of Littleton, Colorado. He is most recognised for playing Austin Moon in the musical comedy of Disney Channel, Austin & Ally. He is a the key vocalist in his family band, R5 , which includes his two older brothers Rocky, Riker and only sister Rydel. His brother, Riker Lynch, has a minor recurring character in the hit series Glee.

Personal life 
Ross Lynch was born and raised in Littleton, Colorado and is the fourth son of Mark and Stormie Lynch. He, with his brothers and sister, are members of the hit band R5. He was educated at home from the fourth grade and only attended a music/singing class in which they found their fifth and final member of the band, Ellington Ratliff. After his oldest brother  had taken a liking to the bass guitar, He decided to also practice and thus the band had formed. He grew up imitating the songs of the movie Grease and former band 'N Sync with his brothers. The Teen heart-throb is one of five children, with three brothers and a sister (Riker, Ryland, Rocky, Rydel). In 2007, he moved with his family to California to pursue his career, which is where he gained his Disney career and later met his girlfriend, Courtney Eaton, an Australian model and actress.

Career 
Ross Lynch has appeared in over 20 national commercials and several national campaigns and print advertising. R5 has also been featured in a series of music videos such as Hannah Montana on Disney Channel ,Kidz Bop and Kung Fu Panda. Ross can play piano, drums, guitar and the violin. In his Disney days he danced for The Rage Boyz Crew
, a group founded by a dance company in the Southern California. He has appeared in So You Think You Can Dance and has had guest appearances on the series Moises Rules!, And can even be see in the movie Grapple!  Anton Troy.

Ross Lynch starred in the Disney Channel Original Series, Austin & Ally, in which he played a confident and charismatic singer Austin Moon, half of a musical duo that became a teen sensation (and heart-throb) on the Internet.

Ross plays rhythm guitar in his family band R5 and has written Many original songs with his brothers, sister and family friend.

Filmograph

Tour

Tour

Other websites 
 
 
 
 Ross Lynch at TV Guide

1995 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Colorado
Tramar Lacel Dillard (born September 16, 1979) better known by his stage name  Flo Rida  is an American rapper and singer-songwriter. Some of his hits are "Low", "Club Can't Handle Me", "Good Feeling", "Wild Ones", and "Whistle". He is known for pairing up with Taio Cruz, David Guetta, Sia, and T-Pain. He also made famous songs with Alexandra Burke and Olly Murs. Rida is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites

Living people
1979 births
African-American singers
American hip hop musicians
Rap musicians from Florida
Democrats (United States)
Singers from Florida
People's Choice Award winners
Atlantic Records artists
In France, the corps of Technicien supérieur des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile (TSEEAC, Civil aviation opérations Technicians) of the French civil aviation authorities is a B-class job on the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing.

Also called TSA fonctionnaires (TSA civil servants), perform a two-year training at the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university).

TSEEAC can do many jobs at the French civil aviation authorities (DGAC) : technical assistant, aerodrome air traffic controller, ramp manager (at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport), aeronautical information operator, officer of the regional offices of information and assistance in flight, investigation assistant, ...

History 
The corps of TSEEAC has several name changes since the 1960s :
 1962 : TNA : Technicien de la Navigation Aérienne (Air navigation Technician) including the operations air traffic controller and the Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel.
 1964 : scission of the corps: the corps of the TNA remains, despite the departure of air traffic controllers and electricians, respectively to the new corps of "Officiers Contrôleurs de la Circulation Aérienne" (OCCA) - became air traffic controller after that - dans those of electricians - became Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel.
 1975 : TNA becomes TAC, Techniciens de l'Aviation Civile (Civil aviation technicians).
 1993 : TEEAC : Technicien des Etudes et d'Exploitation de l'Aviation Civile.
 2000 : TSEEAC : Technicien Supérieur des Etudes et d'Exploitation de l'Aviation Civile.
 2011 : The initial training at ENAC of TSEEAC is opened to non civil servant and renamed  TSA (Technicien supérieur de l'aviation).

Related pages 
 Technicien supérieur de l'aviation (TSA)
 Technicien supérieur de l'aviation (civilian) (TSA civil)

References

Further reading 
 Ariane Gilotte, Jean-Philippe Husson et Cyril Lazerge, 50 ans d'Énac au service de l'aviation, Édition S.E.E.P.P, 1999
 Décret n°93-622 du 27 mars 1993 concerning the corps of techniciens supérieurs des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile
 TSEEAC on ENAC website 

Occupations in aviation
French Civil Aviation University
Aviation licenses and certifications
Air traffic control
Babak () is an Iranian name coming from the Middle Persian Pāpak. Babak means "father" in Persian.

Notes

References

Given names
Persian language
Mercenary is a heavy metal band from Aalborg, Denmark.

Band members

Current
Martin Buus - Lead guitar, keyboards, backing vocals (since 2002)
Jakob Mølbjerg - rhythm guitar (since 1995)
René Pedersen - Bass guitar, vocals (syne 2006)
Peter Mathiesen - drums (since 2011)

Former
 Nikolaj Brinkman (lead guitar 1993-2000)
 Signar Petersen (lead guitar 2000-2002) 
 Hans Jørgen Andersen (rhythm guitar 1991-1993)
 Henrik "Kral" Andersen (bass 1993-2006, also harsh vocals 1991-2006, lead guitar 1991-1993) 
 Andreas W. Hansen (bass 1991-1993)
 Jakob Johnsen (drums 1991-1993)
 Rasmus Jacobsen (drums 1992-2002)
 Mike Park Nielsen (drums 2002-2009)
 Morten Sandager (keybuird 2002-2009)
 Mikkel Sandager (vocals 2002-2009)
 Morten Løwe (drums 2009-2011)

Discography

Studio albums
 First Breath (1998)
 Everblack (2002)
 11 Dreams (2004)
 The Hours that Remain (2006)
 Architect of Lies (2008)
 Metamorphosis (2011)
 Through Our Darkest Days (2013)

EPs
 Supremacy (1996)

Compilations
 Mercenary (2006)

Demos
 Domicile (1993)
 Gummizild (1994)

Videography

 Firesoul (from 11 Dreams)
 My World is Ending (from The Hours that Remain)
 Isolation (from Architect of Lies)
 The Endless Fall (from Architect of Lies)

Other websites 

Official Mercenary website
Mercenary Myspace

Danish heavy metal bands
Death metal bands
Melodic death metal bands
Power metal bands
Thrash metal bands
Musical groups established in 1991
20th-century establishments in Denmark
1991 establishments in Europe
Accept is a heavy metal band from Solingen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was formed in 1968 by Udo Dirkschneider. The band played an important role in the development of speed metal.

Band members

Current members
 Wolf Hoffmann – guitars, backing vocals 
 Peter Baltes – bass, backing vocals 
 Mark Tornillo – lead vocals 
 Uwe Lulis – guitars 
 Christopher Williams – drums

Former members
 Udo Dirkschneider – lead vocals 
 Frank Friedrich – drums 
 Dieter Rubach - bass 
 Gerhard Wahl – guitars 
 Jörg Fischer – guitars 
 Stefan Kaufmann – drums 
 Herman Frank – guitars 
 David Reece – lead vocals 
 Stefan Schwarzmann – drums 
 Michael Cartellone  – drums

Live members
 Ken Mary – drums 
 Jim Stacey – guitars 
 Rob Armitage – lead vocals 
 Michael White – lead vocals

Discography
Studio Albums
Accept (1979)
I'm a Rebel (1980)
Breaker (1981)
Restless and Wild (1982)
Balls to the Wall (1983)
Metal Heart (1985)
Russian Roulette (1986)
Eat the Heat (1989)
Objection Overruled (1993)
Death Row (1994)
Predator (1996)
Blood of the Nations (2010)
Stalingrad (2012)

Other websites

Accept's official website acceptworldwide.com

German heavy metal bands
Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy (born June 26, 1992) is an American actress. Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy played Sam Puckett on the Nickelodeon TV series iCarly. Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy also appeared in other TV series. These include True Jackson, VP, Malcolm in the Middle and Lincoln Heights. Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy grew up in Garden Grove, California. Between 2013 and 2014, Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy played in the TV series Sam & Cat as Sam Puckett, a meat loving babysitter.

Early life 
Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy was born on June 26, 1992. Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy was born in Long Beach, California. Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy grew up in Garden Grove with her parents. Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy has three older brothers.

Beginning career 
Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy 
began to act with the age of 8 years. Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy had some guest appearances like Zoey 101. Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy played from 2007 to 2012 in the TV series iCarly and then in 2013 Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy played in the spin-off series which was titled Sam & Cat. Always credited as "Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy".

Movies

TV series 
 MADtv - Cassidy Gifford (2000; 1 episode)
 Malcolm in the Middle - Daisy / Penelope (2003, 2005; 2 episodes)
 Law & Order: Special Victims Unit - Holly Purcell (2005; 1 episode)
 Zoey 101 - Trisha Kirby (2005; 1 episode) 
 Will & Grace - Lisa (2006; 1 episode)
 iCarly - Sam Puckett (2007-2012; 96 episodes, lead role)
 True Jackson, VP - Pinky Turzo (2009-2010; 2 episodes) 
 The Penguins of Madagascar - Becky (2010-2013; voice)
 The Cleveland Show - Girl #1 (2010; voice, 1 episode) 
 Big Time Rush - Training Fan (2010; 1 episode)
 Victorious - Ponnie / Linda / Fawn (2012; 1 episode)
 Sam & Cat - Sam Puckett (2013-2014; lead role) 
 Between - Wiley Day (2015-present; lead role)

References

Other websites

 Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy on Facebook
 Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy on Twitter

1992 births
Living people
American child actors
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Singers from Los Angeles
American stage actors
American movie actors
American voice actors
American country singers
American pop singers
The adder, Vipera berus is a venomous viper that can be found throughout most of Western Europe and all the way to East Asia. It is the only venomous snake in the British Isles.

They are not highly dangerous: the snake is not aggressive and usually only bites when alarmed or disturbed. Bites can be very painful, but they are rarely fatal. The snake is not threatened, though it is protected in some countries.

Description 
Adults grow to about 60 centimeters (24 in) in length. The largest, at around 90–104 (35–41 in), are found in Scandinavia. In France and Great Britain, the maximum size is 80–87 centimeters (31–34 in), weighing from 50 grams (1.8 oz) to about 180 grams (6.3 oz).

Unusually for snakes, the sexes can be seen by their colour. Females are usually brownish with dark-brown markings, the males are pure grey with black markings.

The species has two morphs. The common pattern is the one with dark stripe with crossbars along the back, on a lighter body. The melanistic morph is very dark all over. The dark morph is more common in females. Polymorphism is usually  maintained by natural selection.

The adder has a wide range. It lives in across Eurasian. 
In several European countries it is the only native venomous snake.

The adder's diet is mainly small mammals such as mice, voles, shrews and even weasels and moles. Sometimes, they eat slow worms and lizards. They feed on amphibia, such as frogs, newts, and salamanders. There have been reports of adders eating birds, especially nestlings and eggs. Adders are ovoviviparous. Once they reach about 30 cm (1 ft) in length, their diet becomes adult.

They are protected by law in the U.K., (Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981), and by the Berne Convention (the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats). It is an offence to harm them.

References 

Vipers
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is a 2005 fantasy movie directed by Mike Newell. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 2000 novel of the same name. It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) and the fourth movie in the Harry Potter movie series. 

It stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger.

The movie is the first of the series to receive a PG-13. It was the highest-grossing movie of 2005 and the sixth-highest-grossing movie in the Harry Potter series.

The movie was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction, and won the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design.

Other websites
 
 
 

2005 movies
2000s fantasy movies
British fantasy movies
American fantasy movies
Harry Potter 4
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Mike Newell
The tapaculos (pronounced ta-pa-COO-lo) are a group of small passeriform birds. They have many species, and are found mostly in South America, especially in the Andean regions. Three species, the Choco, the Pale-throated and the Silvery-fronted Tapaculo, are found in southern Central America. Tapaculos nest in many places, from ground burrows to tree holes. Some make a ball nest in a bush.

References 

Tyrannides
The gnateaters are a bird family, Conopophagidae. They are made of ten small passerine species in two genera. They live in South and Central America. They are very closely related to the antbirds and less closely to the antpittas and tapaculos. Gnateaters are not studied or known as much because of their remote habitat. However, they are often watched by birdwatchers. Gnateaters feed on insects. They catch them in the understory of South American forests.

References 

Tyrannides
The Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) is a small songbird of the order Passeriformes. Its family is Parulidae. The ovenbird was named after its domed nest with a side entrance, which looks like an oven. This migratory bird is found in eastern North America and winters in Central America, many Caribbean Islands, Florida, and northern Venezuela. The ovenbird walks, unlike most other members of its family, which hop.

References 

Passeriformes
Wang Jha-ji (; hanja: , 1066 – May 1122)  was a Korean politician, general, musician, and ambassador during the Goryeo dynasty. His posthumous name is Jangsoon ( ; ), Chinese style name was Wonjang ( ; ), first name was Sojoong ( ; ).

Related pages 
 Yun Gwan
 Oh Yeonchong
 Kang Gamchan
 Seo Hee

References 
 Wang Jha-ji:Naver 
 Wang Jha-ji:Koran historical person informations  
 Wang Jha-ji:Nate 
 Wang Jha-ji:britannica 

1066 births
1122 deaths
Ambassadors
Autobiographers
Generals
Korean educators
Korean military people
Korean musicians
Korean politicians
Korean writers
Hemopneumothorax is a medical problem where the lung is damaged and the chest fills up with air and blood. It is treated by opening the chest and putting in a chest drain. This can only be done by paramedics or doctors. A hemopneumothorax often happens after high speed crashes and penetrating chest wounds.

References

Medical emergencies
Respiratory system
The State Duma () is the Lower House of the Parliament. It is a part of the legislative branch of the government of Russia. The State Duma was first introduced in 1906. It was Russia's first elected parliament. In 1922, it was replaced with the Soviet Parliament. It was re-established in 1993. 

It makes laws, elects the prime minister and supervises the work of the government. It also has the power to remove the President from office. It can also call new elections. The Duma has de jure authority to make and change any laws without being overturned.

It can pass any law by a simple majority. There are 450 members in the Duma.

Russia
Politics of Russia
1906 establishments
20th-century establishments in Russia
The Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park is part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site. It is a large park with lakes, temperate rainforests and alpine heathland. Cradle Mountain is a jagged dolerite mountain peak. There are sites around the park where the Australian Aborigines lived 10,000 years ago during the last ice age. Tasmania's tallest mountain, Mt. Ossa,  above sea level, is in the park.

An area of  was protected in May 1922 as a scenic reserve, becoming a National Park in 1972. The National Park now covers an area of . There is a  walking track, called the Overland Track, between Cradle Mountain and Lake St Clair.

Related pages
Other National Parks and reserves in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area are:
 Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park
 Hartz Mountains National Park
 Mole Creek Karst National Park
 Southwest National Park
 Walls of Jerusalem National Park
 Central Plateau Conservation Area
 Devils Gullet State Reserve
 South East Mutton Bird Islet
 South East Mutton Bird Islet

Related pages
Other National Parks and reserves in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area are:
 Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park
 Hartz Mountains National Park
 Mole Creek Karst National Park
 Southwest National Park
 Walls of Jerusalem National Park
 Central Plateau Conservation Area
 Devils Gullet State Reserve
 South East Mutton Bird Islet

References

Protected areas of Tasmania
National parks in Australia
Tasmanian Wilderness
Whatcheeria is an extinct genus of early tetrapod from the early Mississippian of Iowa. Fossils have been found in an old limestone quarry in the town of Delta. They date to 340 million year ago (mya). The type species W. deltae was named in 1995. It is classified with the closely related Pederpes in the family Whatcheeriidae.

Description
Whatcheeria possesses a mixture of basal and derived  (advanced) traits. Like other stem tetrapods it has a series of lateral lines across the skull, and rows of teeth on the palate These are basal traits derived from its lobe-finned fish ancestors.

It has a cleithrum, a bone in the pectoral girdle that extends from the scapula. The cleithrum once attached to the skull in lobe-finned fish, the ancestors of tetrapods, but detached to allow the neck to move freely.

Whatcheeria grew to about  long. The skull is deep (this is an advanced trait) and the snout is pointed.  A hole on the top of the skull behind the eyes called the parietal foramen is relatively large in Whatcheeria. The bones on the skull surface are unusually smooth, unlike the pitted skulls of many other early tetrapods.

Classification 
With modern cladistic taxonomy, Whatcheeriidae is not placed in Amphibia or any other class but simply as its own family within Tetrapoda. Its relationships with other tetrapods are left unclear.

References 

Tetrapods
Fossils
IAS may stand for:

Accounting, Auditing 
International Accounting Standards
Internal Audit Service (European Commission)

Administration 
Indian Administrative Service (Civil Service)

Religion 
International Association of Scientologists

Science 
Institute for Advanced Study
IAS computer, built at the Institute for Advanced Study
Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Indian Academy of Sciences
Islamic World Academy of Sciences, an organization promoting science and technology in the Muslim World
Iranian Arachnological Society, an academic society for Iranian and International arachnologists

Health 
International AIDS Society, the world's leading independent association of HIV/AIDS professionals

Politics 
Institute for Anarchist Studies

Technology

Aeronautics 
Indicated airspeed
Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences
Institut aéronautique et spatial

Computing 
Internet Authentication Service
Internet Application Server, a component of Oracle Application Server from Oracle Corporation
IAS, a version of Digital Equipment Corporation's RSX-11 operating system

Transportation 
Iaşi International Airport in Iaşi, Romania, designated by IATA the airport code IAS
IAS Cargo Airlines, a British airline

Other 
Independent Australian Scouts
Instituto Ayrton Senna
CFS is an acronym for:

 Call for service
 Canada Flight Supplement
 Canadian Federation of Students
 Canadian Forces Station
 Canadian Forest Service
 Carrier Frequency Shift, a term used by the British Military to refer to RTTY
 Center for Financial Studies, a research institute affiliated with Goethe University Frankfurt
 Central Flying School
 Certificat de formation à la sécurité
 Charlottesville Fashion Square, an enclosed shopping mall in the Charlottesville, Virginia area
 Chemins de Fer Syriens, the Syrian state railway system
 Chicken fried steak
 Child and family services
 Chronic fatigue syndrome
 Citizens for Sunshine, an Ohio nonprofit promoting access to public records
 Cold-formed steel
 Combat Flight Simulator WWII Europe Series (CFS1)
 Compact File Set (File format), an open file format for archiving and compressing files.
 Committee on World Food Security
 Completely Fair Scheduler, a Linux operating system scheduler
 Congo Free State
 Conservative Future Scotland, the youth branch of the Scottish Conservative Party
 Continuous Flow System, printer ink feeding via tubes and bottles
 Co-operative Financial Services Ltd.
 Country Fire Service
 Corpo Forestale dello Stato, the Italian state forestry department
 Craigmillar Festival Society, a disestablished community organisation from Edinburgh, Scotland
 Cubic feet per second (cfs), a unit of flow rate

CFS may also refer to:
 Coffs Harbour Airport, IATA airport code
Barbados was a Commonwealth realm.  Queen Elizabeth II was the reigning monarch since 6 February 1952. She was Barbado's head of state, but was substituted by the President when Barbados became a republic.

Many of the jobs of the government were done by the Governor-General. It was abolished on 30 November 2021.

References

Politics of Barbados
Commonwealth realms
Barbados
The Governor-General of Barbados was a vice-regal representative of the Queen of Barbados.  The Governor-General acted as the nation's Head of State.  This is because the Queen cannot live in all her realms at once. The office was abolished along with the monarch on 30 November 2021 and replaced with the presidency.

List of Governors-General of Barbados
On 30 November 1966, Barbados became independent from Britain.

References

 
Politics of Barbados
Barbados
1966 establishments in Barbados