cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Fannie Lou Hamer (October 16, 1917- March 14, 1977) fought for equal rights. She fought for black people’s rights. She is known for speaking for the African American group at an important national all-white meeting.  Hamer was also a church singer.

Home Life 
Hamer grew up in Mississippi, USA. Out of twenty children, Hamer was the youngest in her family. At one time, their family was able to get a small amount of a land and a tractor. A white family was very upset that Hamer’s family had this. The white family killed their cattle. After this event, The Hamer family was even poorer than before. Later Hamer said in an interview, “Things got so tough I began to wish I was white.”She also said that her mother got angry at her for saying that and her mother said “Don't ever, ever say that. You respect yourself as a little black child. And as you grow older, respect yourself as a black woman. Then one day, other people will respect you.”Hamer told herself that she would “Do something for the black man of the South if it would cost her life.”Later in Hamer’s life, she married Perry “Pap” Hamer. She adopted 4 children since she could not have any of her own.

Political Life 
Hamer was angry and hoped to change the separated system.  This hope led her to become a politician.  During her political life, she was most well known for her work in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.  While doing this job, Hamer fought for equality in voting. Hamer received the attention of the country for her position in the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.  This helped black people to be elected to national offices in Mississippi.  Henry Kirksey, a black representative in national offices, said "If Fannie Lou Hamer had had the same opportunities that Martin Luther King had, then we would have had a female Martin Luther King."

References 

1917 births
1977 deaths
Activists
American activists
Ella Josephine Baker (December 13, 1903 – December 13, 1986) was an African-American civil rights and human rights activist. She worked alongside some of the most famous civil rights leaders of the 20th century, including W. E. B. Du Bois, Thurgood Marshall, A. Philip Randolph, and Martin Luther King Jr. She also mentored many emerging activists, such as Diane Nash, Stokely Carmichael, Rosa Parks, and Bob Moses. Baker has been ranked as  "One of the most important African American leaders of the twentieth century and perhaps the most influential woman in the Civil Rights Movement," known for her critiques not only of racism within American culture, but also the sexism and classism within the Civil Rights Movement.

Organizations 
Baker worked with many civil rights organizations. Some of these organizations were the NAACP, Martin Luther King’s Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. 

Baker knew that some Black American protesters lost their jobs. Their White American bosses fired them. So she co-founded “In Friendship.” “In Friendship” raised money and collected  clothing to send to people who were fired. Baker was the Executive Secretary.

References 

1903 births
1986 deaths
American civil rights activists
American human rights activists
African-American people
Frederick Clinton "Fred" Quimby (July 31, 1886 – September 16, 1965) was an American cartoon producer. He was best known as producing Tom and Jerry cartoons, for which he won seven Academy Awards.

He was the movie sales executive in charge of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio, which included Tex Avery, as well as William Hanna and Joseph Barbera (creators of Tom and Jerry).

References

Other websites
 
 The Tom and Jerry Story
 The Creators – The Magic Behind The Cartoon

1886 births
1965 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in California
American animators
American movie producers
Businesspeople from Minnesota
The Professor's Cube is a mechanical puzzle, a 5×5×5 version of the Rubik's Cube.  It has qualities in common with both the original 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube and the 4×4×4 Rubik's Revenge, and knowing how to solve either can help when working on the 5×5×5 cube.

Related pages
Pocket Cube
Rubik's Cube
Rubik's Revenge
Anita Ellis (née Kert; April 12, 1920 – October 28, 2015) is a Canadian-born American singer, actress and pilot. She was born in Montreal, Quebec. Ellis became a naturalized United States citizen in 1950. In 1941, she joined WLW in Cincinnati, Ohio, as a singer. Ellis dubbed the singing voices of such actresses as Rita Hayworth (notably in Gilda, 1946), Vera-Ellen and Jeanne Crain.

Ellis retired in 1987 and moved to Manhattan. She suffers from Alzheimer's disease.

References

Other websites
 
 Film Reference biography 

1920 births
2015 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian stage actors
Canadian voice actors
Canadian radio actors
Canadian singers
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
American aviators
People with Alzheimer's disease
Actors from Montreal
Actors from Manhattan
Singers from New York City
Lydia Wideman (later Wideman-Lehtonen; 17 May 1920 – 13 April 2019) was a Finnish Olympic cross-country skier gold medalist. She was born in Vilppula, Finland. She was the first female Olympic medalist in cross-country skiing. In 1952 she competed in thirteen 10 km races and won all of them, including the 1952 Winter Olympics, national championships and Lahti Ski Games.

In February 2018, following the death of Durward Knowles, she became the oldest living Olympic champion. Wideman died on 13 April 2019, aged 98.

References

1920 births
2019 deaths
Finnish Olympians
Olympic gold medalists
Skiers
Sir Durward Randolph Knowles (2 November 1917 – 24 February 2018) was a Bahamian sailor and Olympic champion. He won the gold medal in the Star class at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, together with Cecil Cooke. He won the bronze medal in the same class at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.

From 2016 to 2018, he was the oldest living Olympic champion. He turned 100 in November 2017 and died on 24 February 2018 of kidney failure.

References

1917 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Olympic gold medalists
Olympic bronze medalists
Centenarians
Bahamian people
Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse (January 2, 1918 – December 13, 2019) was a German type designer, calligrapher and book-binder. She was the 1991 winner of the Frederic W. Goudy Award. She also designed several fonts.

Life
She was born in Schwerin, Germany. In her early years, she worked with Rudolf Koch and Edward Johnston.

From 1946 to 1954, Von Hesse taught lettering at the Städelschule in Frankfurt. She was hired by the Stempel foundry in Frankfurt to design typefaces, and went on to a successful career as a typographer with Stempel.

In 2001, she was recognized with a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Friends of Calligraphy. She turned 100 in January 2018.

From 1951 until his death in 2015, she was married to Hermann Zapf. They had one son Christian, who died in 2012. She lived in Darmstadt, Germany. She died on December 13, 2019 at the age of 101.

Created designs
Alcuin (URW Hamburg)
Ariadne (Stempel)
Carmina (Bitstream)
Christiana (Berthold)
Columbine (URW Hamburg)
Diotima (Stempel)
 Hesse-Antiqua (2018, Monotype, with Ferdinand Ulrich)
Nofret (Berthold)
Shakespeare (Hallmark)
Smaragd (Stempel)

References

Other websites
MyFonts: Gudrun Zapf von Hesse
Font Designer – Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse
Personal Designer Portrait – Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse 
Typophile: Gudrun Zapf von Hesse 

1918 births
2019 deaths
German centenarians
Designers
German educators
Writers from Frankfurt
Laban movement analysis (LMA) describes human movement. It is based on the original work of Rudolf Laban, and many others helped to develop it. Its main and original purpose was to be a dance notation. Before film and video were developed, there was no way to record dance moves so that later dancers could use those moves. The transmission of dance from one generation to the next depended on older expert dancers teaching young dancers.

The problem was especially notable in modern dance, where the vocabulary of classical dance figures was expanded with almost no limits. Towards the end of his life, Laban extended his ideas into the movements workers made during physical work.

LMA draws from many fields including anatomy, kinesiology and psychology. It is used by dancers, actors, gymnasts and many other groups. However, it is fair to say that it is now largely replaced by video recordings. Also, it is not the only kind of dance notation, and not the only way human movement can be written down as a record for later generations. And, it was not the first such system. For example, in the 1680s Pierre Beauchamp had a dance notation system for baroque dance, and in 1887/8 Eadweard Muybridge started to use film to record human and animal movement. It is film and video which has transformed our understanding of motion, rather than dance notation. But in its field the Laban notation was notable.

Dance which has been reliably recorded on notation and perhaps backed up by video recording, can be and has been used to copyright choreography.

References 

Dance
Notation
Kirsty Sword Gusmão was the first lady of East Timor from 2000 to 2015. Gusmão wanted kids to be able to learn. Gusmão started the Alola Foundation.  The Alola Foundation helps girls, their families and helps poor people. She helped free East Timor from Indonesia. Gusmão was a spy for twenty years.

Early life 
Gusmão was born in Melbourne, Australia, in 1966. She went to Melbourne University and studied education.

East Timor 

Gusmão first traveled to the East Timor part of Indonesia in 1991. She was finding information for a movie on the area and was the interpreter for the movie maker. She became a teacher in Jakarta, Indonesia. She worked there from 1992-1996. She was worried about human rights in East Timor. While she fought for human rights she met the East Timor independence leader, Xanana Gusmão. He was in prison. She met him through going to his jail cell. She married him in 2000.

She moved back to Melbourne, Australia , for cancer treatment in 2012. In 2015, Sword Gusmão and Gusmão announced their separation.

References

1966 births
Living people
Activists
East Timorese people
Australian people
Wendy Wasserstein (October 18, 1950 – January 30, 2006) was an American playwright. She was an Andrew Dickson White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University. She received the Tony Award for Best Play and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1989 for her play The Heidi Chronicles.

Her plays, which explore topics ranging from feminism to family to ethnicity to pop culture, include The Sisters Rosensweig, Isn't It Romantic, An American Daughter, Old Money, and her last work which opened in 2005, Third.

Wasserstein was hospitalized with lymphoma in December 2005 and died on January 30, 2006, aged 55.

References 

1950 births
2006 deaths
American feminists
American playwrights
Cancer deaths in New York
Deaths from lymphoma
Jewish American academics
Jewish American writers
Jewish feminists
Pulitzer Prize winners
Writers from Brooklyn
Yale University alumni
Educators from New York City
Gloria Molina is a politician and an activist for Latino rights.

Early Life 
Gloria Molina was born on May 31, 1948 in Los Angeles, California. Her mother and father moved to the United States from Mexico. She went to school in Pico Rivera, California as a child, and she also went to East Los Angeles College. When she was 19, she made most of the money for her family. She stopped school at California State University in Los Angeles.

Achievements 
Molina was a part of and started many groups that supported LatinX rights. She became a member of the California government in 1982. In 1987, she became the first woman Los Angeles government member. She heard the people of Los Angeles to make the city better. In 1991, Molina became a Supervisor for Los Angeles. While Supervisor, she fought to stop AIDS. She became the co-chair of Bill Clinton’s presidential campaign.

References 

1948 births
Living people
American activists
Politicians from Los Angeles
Anjali Gopalan (born September 1, 1957) is a gay rights activist in India. She specifically focuses on HIV/AIDS. She forced the Indian government to pay attention to people with HIV/AIDS. The Indian government had to give more money to help people with HIV/AIDS. The government also made a law that doctors have to give good medical care to people with this disease.

Gopalan was born in India. Her father was in the army, so they moved around a lot. She went to school in India and the United States. She went to Lady Shri Ram College. She studied politics, journalism, and international development.

Gopalan worked as a journalist in India. She moved to New York City. She became a social worker and saw how HIV/AIDS affected people. She returned to India to take care of her parents. She then began to inform her community about HIV/AIDS in India.

References 

"Anjali Gopalan." Newsmakers, vol. 1, Gale, 2013. Biography In Context, Accessed 3 May 2018.

1957 births
Living people
Indian activists
Elaine H. Kim  (February 26, 1972) teaches Asian American Studies and she fights for Asian American rights.  She co-founded the non-profit organization Asian Women United (AWU).

Kim first suffered disrespect because of her race in the second grade. She has made videos and has written in newspapers. She attended University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University. Kim went back to Seoul, South Korea to teach, but came back to University of California, Berkeley.

She teaches Asian American studies, and she fought for Asian American people around the San Francisco Bay Area and in Berkeley.

Awards
 Asian Pacific American Heritage Lifetime Achievement Award (City and County of San Francisco), 2012
 Lifetime Achievement Award, Association for Asian American Studies, 2011
 Association for Asian American Studies Book Award in Cultural Studies, 2005
 Hall of Outstanding Women at California, 1995
 Fulbright Fellowship, 1987-1988

References 

1942 births
Living people
Academics
Activists
American activists
Ruth Sienkiewicz-Mercer (1950-1998) was a civil rights activist and writer. She fought for the rights of people with disabilities. She also wrote the book, I Raise My Eyes to Say Yes, with the help of Steven B. Kaplan.

Early Life 
When she was five weeks old, Sienkiewicz-Mercer acquired viral encephalitis. This is a disease that causes the brain to swell up. She became well again. Later, others noticed that she was not able to speak or move. Sienkiewicz-Mercer was diagnosed with cerebral palsy, a disease that causes paralysis.

Education 
The first school Sienkiewicz-Mercer attended was in Massachusetts. This school was meant for people with disabilities. There, a doctor diagnosed her as mentally disabled. Her parents then decided to send her to another school. This school was more expensive. Sienkiewicz-Mercer had to leave the school because there was not enough money to continue her education. She then had to attend another school for the mentally disabled. At this school, Sienkiewicz-Mercer was treated terribly for sixteen years.

Quotes 
"After fourteen years of living in an institution, I knew I had to write a book about my experiences to let everyone know I was aware of all that was going on. I don't want people to have to live in that kind of environment. They are left to rot, basically, and not treated like the human beings they are. My work consists of advocating for the rights of people with disabilities, promoting community services, and closing down institutions. I want to write more."

References 

1950 births
1988 deaths
Activists
American activists
People with disabilities
Maureen Orcutt (April 1, 1907 – January 9, 2007) was an American golfer and New York Times reporter. Orcutt won many golf championships. She stopped playing golf at age 87 because she had knee problems.

In 1934, she won the 1934 Democratic Party nomination for the New Jersey General Assembly. In 1991, she was put into the New York State Hall of Fame for winning golf tournaments over 70 years.

In 2007, Orcutt died at the age of 99 from heart failure.

Important tournaments won
 Women's Eastern Amateur - 1925, 1928, 1929, 1934, 1938, 1947, 1949
 North and South Women's Amateur - 1931, 1932, 1933
 Canadian Women's Amateur - 1930, 1931
 Metropolitan Women's Amateur - 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1934, 1938, 1940, 1946, 1959, 1968
 U.S. Senior Women's Amateur - 1962, 1966
 North and South Women's Senior Amateur - 1960, 1961, 1962

References 

1907 births
2007 deaths
Competitors in athletics
Activists
American activists
Patrisse Cullors supports African Americans and their rights. She co-founded Black Lives Matter. She was born in 1984 and grew up in Los Angeles. She also supports LGBTQ rights.

Early life 
Cullors lived during a time when prison populations were rising. Her father and brother were in and out of prison most of her life. Her mom worked long hours and spent limited time with her. When she was 16, she identified as queer and had her first girlfriend. Her family did not agree, but her friends supported her. She decided to get involved in other groups that would support her and help others like her.

Cullors went to UCLA, where she studied philosophy and religion. She kept trying to get equal rights during this time.

Achievements 
Cullors co-founded the Black Lives Matter movement. She created a hashtag, #BlackLivesMatter. It spread quickly on social media sites. She helped African-Americans that needed help with lawsuits against them. She supported the LGBTQ community. She wanted everyone to have equal rights.

Publications 
Cullors wrote the book called STAINED: An Intimate Portrayal of State Violence. It talks about violence in prison.

References 

1984 births
Living people
African-American people
American civil rights activists
American LGBT rights activists
Black Lives Matter
The Russalka was a battleship of the navy of the Russian Empire. It was assigned to coastal defense in the Baltic Sea.

History
The Russian vessel Russalka was built in St. Petersburg in 1867. It was 62 meters long and armed with six cannons. The crew consisted of 178 sailors. On September 7, 1893, the ship entered a fateful course to Helsinki and sank in the Gulf of Finland due to bad weather. On September 10, the maritime ministry announced Russalka's disappearance with all hands lost.

Search and recovery
The Imperial Russian Ministry of the Interior ordered a search, which involved 15 vessels and lasted until October 16, 1893. The search was then called off without success. On June 22, 2003, a ship was found at a depth of 30 meters from the bottom of the sea.

History of Russia
Warships
The term CAD/CAM is a shortening of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAM). The term CAD/NC (Numerical Control) is equivalent in some industries. Most CAD/CAM software was developed for product development and to design and manufacture of components and molds. They are also increasingly used by architects.  CAD/CAM software uses CAD drawing tools to describe geometries used by the CAM portion of the program to define a toolpath that will direct the motion of a machine tool to machine the exact shape that was drawn.

Examples of CAD/CAM software are SolidWorks, INVENTOR, CATiA  and AutoCAD. Furthermore, examples of CAM software are SolidCAM and CAMWorks.

3D CAD/CAM software provides the ability to control CNC machinery from 2.5 axis, 3 axis and multi axis CNC machines. 

Expert CAD/CAM systems were developed around 1988.

References

Computer science
Design
Manufacturing
The French Chess Federation (French : Fédération Française des Echecs – FFE) is the national organization for chess in France. The president is Diego Salazar, the vice-president is Christophe Leroy and the treasurer is Stéphane Reyreau. The headquarters of the French Chess Federation is Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, near Paris. The French federation was founded in 1933.

Related pages 
 French Chess Championship

Other websites 
 Official Website

Chess organizations
Sport in France
The French Chess Championship is the annual national chess tournament of France. It was officially first played in 1923 after the formation of the Fédération Française des Echecs in 1921.

The first unofficial national tournament was played in 1880, in the Café de la Régence, where further events were held in 1881 and 1883. The 1903 and 1914 tournaments were the first real predecessors of the official championship. They ran under the name Championnat de France des amateurs (Championship of the chess enthusiasts).

References

Other websites 
 Héritage des Echecs Français
 Championnat de France

Chess competitions
Sport in France
Manuel Turizo Zapata, better known as Manuel Turizo and by the acronym MTZ (born 12 April, 2000) is a Colombian singer and songwriter. Born in Montería, Colombia. He is recognized for his hit single "Una Lady Como Tú" that won him great popularity.

Career 
His musical career comes with the release of an EP composed of 3 songs of different styles. There he focuses on urban music, trap music and reggaeton. In December 2016, he launched "Baila Conmigo", produced by his brother Julián and Zensei, "Vámonos" and "Una Lady Como Tú", a theme that made him famous throughout America and part of Europe.

On April 10, 2017 reissued "Una Lady Como Tú" and on August 4 premieres the remix of this track, with Nicky Jam. On October 20, "Déjala Que Vuelva" premieres, a collaboration he made with Piso 21. On November 28, the single "Déjate Llevar", a song by Juan Magán with the collaboration of Belinda, Snova, B-Case and Turizo, will be released. On December 7 he released the single "Esperándote".

Discography

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Awards and nominations

Notes

References 

2000 births
Living people
Colombian singers
Reggae music
Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya is an Indian mystery drama series on SET India, starring Tejaswi Prakash Wayangankar and Rohit Suchanti in lead roles and It premiered on 7 November 2017 and airs on SET India.

Female Actress Profile
https://twchannels.com/karn-sangini-serial-on-star-plus-cast-wiki-story-pics-images-promo-timings/
Joel Kovel (August 27, 1936 – April 30, 2018) was an American scholar and author.

Biography 

From 1977 till 1983 he was Director of Residency Training, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (where he was also Professor of Psychiatry from 1979–1986). From 1980 to 1985, he was an Adjunct Professor of Anthropology at the New School for Social Research and from 1986–7 a Visiting Professor of Political Science and Communications, University of California, San Diego.

Kovel's works include White Racism (1971)  (nominated for a National Book Award), A Complete Guide to Therapy (1979), The Age of Desire (1982), Against the State of Nuclear Terror (1982), In Nicaragua (1986), The Radical Spirit: Essays on Psychoanalysis and Society (1988), History and Spirit (1991), Red Hunting in the Promised Land (1994),  The Enemy of Nature (2002), and Overcoming Zionism (2007).

On May 1, 2018, it was announced that Kovel died in New York City on April 30 at the age of 81. No cause of death was given.

References

1936 births
2018 deaths
American environmentalists
American political writers
American political activists
Educators from New York City
Writers from New York City
Max Berrú (June 5, 1942 – May 1, 2018) was an Ecuadorian-Chilean singer and musician. He was one of the two founders of Inti-Illimani and sang the band's famous song "Viva Chile!". He was born in Cariamanga, Loja Province.

President Ricardo Lagos awarded him with the "Orden al Mérito Docente y Cultural Gabriela Mistral" in 2002. He owned a restaurant called Mitad del Mundo ("Middle of the World"), in reference to his Ecuadorian origins.

Berrú died in Santiago de Chile on May 1, 2018 of multiple myeloma at the age of 74.

References

Other websites

1942 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from multiple myeloma
Chilean entertainers
Chilean singers
Musicians
Singers
Chilean businesspeople
Ecuadorian entertainers
Ecuadorian businesspeople
Wanda Wiłkomirska (11 January 1929 – 1 May 2018) was a Polish violinist and teacher. She was born in Warsaw. She was known for both the classical works and for her interpretation of 20th Century music, having received two Polish State Awards for promoting Polish music and also other awards for her contribution to music.

Wiłkomirska gave world premiere performances of numerous contemporary works including Tadeusz Baird and Krzysztof Penderecki. She lived in Brisbane, Australia. Wiłkomirska performed on a violin crafted by Pietro Guarneri in 1734 in Venice.

Wiłkomirska died in Brisbane on 1 May 2018 at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
I’LL PLAY IT FOR YOU , Ein Dokumentarfilm über die Geigerin Wanda Wiłkomirska (2008)

1929 births
2018 deaths
Polish musicians
Violinists
Polish educators
People from Warsaw
Tuas Link MRT station (EW33) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station along the East West Line in Tuas, Singapore. It is the western terminus of the East West Line, and the westernmost MRT station in the network.

It is the first above-ground station to have platforms on a lower level than the station control room, fare gates and ticketing machines.

Tuas Link station is within walking distance to Raffles Marina, Tuas Checkpoint and the Malaysia–Singapore Second Link. However, as Tuas Checkpoint is designated as a vehicular checkpoint, travellers are not allowed to enter the checkpoint on foot via Tuas Link station.

History 
Tuas Link MRT station, along with the rest of the Tuas West Extension of the East West MRT Line, was first announced on 11 January 2011 by Transport Minister Raymond Lim. The groundbreaking ceremony marking the start of the construction of Tuas West Extension was held at this station on 4 May 2012 by Transport Minister Lui Tuck Yew. When opened, the extension is expected to serve more than 100,000 commuters daily.

The opening of the station was delayed from 2016 to the second quarter of 2017 to make way for the installation of the new signalling system. The station and the Tuas West Extension started operations on 18 June 2017.

Stations between Gul Circle to Tuas Link were temporary closed between 16 and 19 November 2017 following a collision between two trains at Joo Koon station. On 20 November 2017, train service from Gul Circle to Tuas Link was resumed; however, train services between Joo Koon and Gul Circle will be suspended till mid-2018 to facilitate maintenance work on signalling devices.

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

References

Other websites

 

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
The Alstom Metropolis C830C, together with the Alstom Metropolis C751C are the third generation of communications-based train control (CBTC) rolling stock to be used in Singapore’s Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) lines. 24 trainsets of 3 cars were manufactured by Shanghai Alstom Transport Co Ltd (a joint venture between Alstom and Shanghai Electric), with deliveries from end June 2014.

Tender 
The tender for trains under the contract 830C was opened together with another contract C751C for an additional 18 North East Line trains which closed on 18 July 2011 with 5 bids. The Land Transport Authority has shortlisted all of them and the tender results was published on 1 February 2012.

Design 
The outside of the train is almost the same as the older C830, with slight differences such as a larger SMRT logo and the look of the train inside. The reserved seats are coloured red to make them more obvious. Navy blue and yellow coloured seats are installed in the driving motor cars (end carriages) while the seats in the middle car are khaki. The train's system that allows it to move is louder than the C830's, and is identical the one found on the Amsterdam Metro M5 Series.

Other changes include the inner layer of the doors finished in bluish-grey, a new Visual Passenger Information System, similar to the C951, located above the doors and a new gangway design similar to the C751C.

Driverless operation 
The C830C runs without a driver, using Communications-based train control (CBTC), which does not require "fixed-block track circuits" to find where the train is on the track. Instead, they use "continuous two-way digital communication" between each controlled train and a control center, which may control an area of a railroad line, a complete line, or a group of lines. It has been found that CBTC systems reduce costs for running the system and allow the system to be controlled more easily.

Train Formation 
The configuration of a C830C in revenue service is Mc1-T-Mc2

The car numbers of the trains range from 841x to 864x, where x depends on the carriage type. Individual cars are assigned a 4 digit serial number. A complete three-car trainset consists of one trailer(T) and two driving motor cars(Mc1 & Mc2) permanently coupled together. For example, set 864 consists of carriages 8641, 8642, 8643.

References 

MRT Singapore
Rolling stock
The 1993 Clementi rail accident was a rail accident that occurred on the East West line of the Singapore MRT. It was the MRT's first major incident and resulted in 156 passengers being injured. It was caused by a  oil spill.

Background 
The MRT commenced operations in 1987, with the part of the line from Outram Park MRT station to Jurong East MRT station opening on 12 March 1988. At the time of the accident, the system had been operating for six years.

Incident 
Before the start of service, a maintenance vehicle leaked oil onto the tracks from Buona Vista MRT station to  Clementi MRT station until the junction with Ulu Pandan Depot. The first 10 westbound trains reported braking difficulties. The eleventh train, a C151, had to use its emergency brakes to stop at the station. At 7.50 am on 5 August 1993, the 12th train, another C151, collided with the stationary C151 at Clementi while it was recharging its batteries, resulting in 156 injuries.

Investigation 
the investigation showed that the cause of the accident was a  oil spill caused by a defective rubber ring on a maintenance locomotive.

Aftermath

Response 
In the aftermath of the accident, SMRT said that it would replace the faulty maintenance locomotives and purchase new ones. It also introduced a new policy for station managers to inspect tracks for oil or foreign objects before the start of service.

Joo Koon rail accident 
The second collision on the MRT, the Joo Koon rail accident, occurred 24 years later on 15 November 2017, when two C151A trains collided at Joo Koon MRT station.

References 

Railway accidents in Asia
Matthew Stanley Meselson (born  May 24, 1930) is a geneticist and molecular biologist at Harvard University. He is known for his demonstration, with Franklin Stahl, of the semi-conservative DNA replication. 

After completing his Ph.D under Linus Pauling at the California Institute of Technology, Meselson became a Professor at Harvard University in 1960. He is there today as today as Thomas Dudley Cabot Professor of the Natural Sciences.

In the famous Meselson–Stahl experiment of 1958 he and Frank Stahl showed with nitrogen isotope labeling that DNA is replicated semi-conservatively. In addition, Meselson, François Jacob, and Sydney Brenner discovered the existence of messenger RNA in 1961. Meselson has investigated DNA repair in cells and how cells recognize and destroy foreign DNA, and, with Werner Arber, was responsible for the discovery of restriction enzymes.

Since 1963 he has been interested in chemical warfare and biological defense and arms control. Meselson worked with Henry Kissinger under the Nixon administration to convince President Richard Nixon to renounce biological weapons, suspend chemical weapons production, and support an international treaty banning biological agents for hostile purposes. In 1972 this became  the Biological Weapons Convention.

Meselson has received many awards. His laboratory at Harvard investigates the biological and evolutionary nature of sexual reproduction, genetic recombination, and aging. Many of his past students are notable biologists, including Nobel Laureate Sidney Altman, Mark Ptashne, Susan Lindquist, Stephen F. Heinemann, and Richard I. Morimoto.

Related pages 
Meselson–Stahl experiment

References 

1930 births
Living people
Jewish American scientists
American geneticists
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
American biologists
University of Chicago alumni
Harvard University faculty
Educators from Denver, Colorado
Scientists from Denver, Colorado
Graham David Fellows (born 22 May 1959 in Sheffield, Yorkshire) is an English comedy actor and musician, best known for creating the comedic character John Shuttleworth and one-hit wonder Jilted John.

1959 births
Living people
People from Manchester
English comedians
English musicians
English voice actors
Sigrid Sofia Matilda Elisabet von Essen (17 August 1850 in Porvoo - 22 April 1912 in Helsinki) was a Swedish speaking Finnish actress.

Life 
At home Siri had already in young years a French governess. This is a reason, that Siri can speak French very well. Her parents Carl Reinhold von Essen and Carlotta In de Betou were normally people. Already in 1868 the first move to Paris came. She had no problems with the new city and the speach. When the family five years later must sell the Finnish goods, Siri moved to Stockholm, where she married some years later Carl Gustav Wrangel. The divorced came after four years, because Siri want to work as an actress. Also her husband had a married with Siris cousin.

After divorce Siri took drama lessons and already in 1877 she had her first performance. 1875 she met August Strindberg and married him at 30th December 1875. When she got her first children, she was quit by the dramatist. Since 1884 the married between Strindberg and Siri von Essen wasn't very good, because August accused Siri to had a lesbian married with Marie David. 1888 Siri and August started a drama, but it doesn't works good. After divorce in 1893, Siri moved with her children to Finland.

She was died at 22 April 1912 in Solna.

References 


1850s births
1912 deaths
Finnish actors
Nobility
Swedish stage actors
The Austroasiatic languages are a proposed group of languages, spoken in Southeast Asia. In total, there are 157 languages, with about 117 million speakers. The biggest group of speakers speak Khmer language or Vietnamese. These are also official languages in the territories where there are spoken.

Languages of Asia
Hans-Rudolf Merz (born 10 November 1942) is a Swiss politician of FDP.The Liberals. He was a member of the Swiss Federal Council. He was  head of the Federal Department of Finance (the Swiss finance minister) from 2004 to 2010 and President of the Swiss Confederation for 2009. On 6 August 2010 Merz announced his resignation for October 2010.

He was born in Herisau, Switzerland, he studied at Hochschule St. Gallen and graduated in 1971 with a DEA degree and as Dr. rer. publ.

References

Other websites 

|-

1942 births
Living people
Presidents of the Swiss Confederation
Wolf Children () is an Japanese anime movie directed/co-written by Mamoru Hosoda.

Plot 
Hana, a college student, has two children with a werewolf. She names the girl Yuki and the boy Ame. Not long after this, their father dies. Hana decides to keep raising the children.

As the children grow older, Hana finds it is hard to hide the werewolf powers inherited from their father: ultimately, she moves them to the countryside to avoid trouble from the public. She works hard to repair a house and grow their own food.

Ame becomes confident in himself after a near-death experience, and the children are allowed to attend school. Yuki adapts and makes friends, while Ame drops out to receive lessons from an old fox named Sensei about surviving in the wild. At this time, they are beginning to form their life paths.

In fourth grade, a transfer student named Souhei begins attending Yuki's class. He realizes she is not normal, and during a chase, Yuki accidentally injures his ear. He tells his mother a wolf attacked him, not Yuki. Over time, they become friends.

Ame and Yuki later fight each other over their "real" selves: neither sibling can agree whether or not they are wolf or human. Hana recognizes they are forming their futures, but is worried about it. Ame reveals that Sensei has been gravely wounded during a storm and will likely not survive, but then hints that he will succeed Sensei as the guardian of the wild. Hana is horrified by this, and begs him not to return to the forest.

Two years later, despite what Hana told him, Ame disappears into the forest during a severe storm to replace Sensei; Hana goes after him. She forgets to pick up Yuki from school, who is left alone with Souhei while the other students are retrieved. She decides to reveal herself as a wolf to him. He replies that he already knew and will keep her secret.

Hana gets hurt by a fall and dreams about her lover, who tells her that Ame will be fine with his chosen path. Ame picks her up and gets her to safety, but then turns into an adult wolf and runs off into the mountains. Hana is initially heartbroken as she believes she has not yet done anything for Ame, but soon recognizes he is now "where he belongs" and bids him farewell.

The next school year, Yuki leaves home to move into a dorm room with her friends in Junior High. Ame's howls are heard throughout the forest. Despite living alone in the house, Hana feels that she has raised her children well.

Animated movies
Japanese movies
Danone is a French multinational food-products corporation based in Paris and founded in Barcelona, Spain.

The company is listed on Euronext Paris where it is a component of the CAC 40 stock market index.

Danone is present in over 130 markets and generated sales of €21.9 billion in 2016, with more than half in emerging countries. In 2015, fresh dairy products represented 50% of the group's total sales, early life nutrition 22%, water 21% and medical nutrition 7%.

References

Other websites 

 

1919 establishments
Companies of France
Food companies of Europe
RÚV () is the national public-service broadcasting organization of the Republic of Iceland. It runs two television stations (Rúv 1, which broadcasts all the time, and Rúv 2, which only broadcasts special events from inside and outside Iceland) and three radio stations (Rás 1, Rás 2 and Rondó). It broadcasts only in the Icelandic language.

Acvite Programs

Animation 
Clifford The Big Red Dog (2019) Clifford stóri rauði hundurinn 

Curious George 

SciGirl Sci stelpa

Upcoming Programs 

Donkey Hodie  Asni Hodie

Fromerly Promgam

Animation 

Fetch! With Ruff Ruffman  sótt með Ruff Ruffman  2007-2019

Other websites 
 Official Site
 About RÚV: official webpage in English
 Live Radio

1930 establishments in Europe
Television channels in Europe
Radio stations in Europe
Reykjavík
20th-century establishments in Iceland
Sweetener is the fourth studio album by American singer Ariana Grande.  It was released on August 17, 2018. Grande revealed the album's name and a few of its tracks on The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon on May 1, 2018.  The album's lead single, "No Tears Left to Cry", has reached number one in Australia and the top three in the US, UK, and Canada.

Without announcing the album's release date at first, Grande revealed to Fallon that she would "do something special" on the 20th of each month until the album's release, such as performing at the 2018 Billboard Music Awards on May 20, 2018.  She announced that she would be collaborating with Pharrell Williams, Nas, and longtime collaborators Max Martin, Ilya, and Savan Kotecha.

The album entered at the top of the Billboard 200 album chart, with 231,000 copies shipped and streamed in its first week in the US.

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References 

Pop albums
Trap albums
Southern hip hop albums
R&B albums
2018 albums
Ariana Grande albums
Elmar Altvater (24 August 1938 – 1 May 2018) was Professor of Political Science at the Otto-Suhr-Institut of the Free University of Berlin. He retired on 30 September 2004. He worked at the Institute, and to publish articles and books. He was born in Kamen, Province of Westphalia. In 1970, he co-founded the German journal PROKLA - Journal for Critical Social Science.

References

Other websites
 Altvater old homepage at the Free University Berlin 
 New homepage at the FU  
 Overview of his life and work (in German) 

1938 births
2018 deaths
German educators
German political scientists
Political writers
German writers
Charles William "Chuck" Missler (May 28, 1934 – May 1, 2018) was an American author, evangelical Christian, Bible teacher, engineer, and former businessman. Missler was born in Illinois. He was the founder of the Koinonia House ministry based in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. He helped create a monthly newsletter from the ministry and Bible study tapes, hosted a radio show called "66/40", and spoke at conferences.

Missler died at his home in Reporoa, New Zealand on May 1, 2018 at the age of 83.

References

Other websites
Chuck Missler's official Website
Koinonia House

1934 births
2018 deaths
American Christians
Educators from Illinois
Engineers from Illinois
American radio personalities
Writers from Illinois
Businesspeople from Illinois
Scientists from Illinois
Gordon Brown, , (August 31, 1960 – May 2, 2018) was a Canadian politician. He was born in Toronto, Ontario. He was a member of the House of Commons of Canada, representing the Ontario riding of Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes as a Conservative member from 2004 until his death in 2018.

Brown was appointed by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau on the advice of Conservative Party of Canada Leader Andrew Scheer to sit on the National Security and Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians on November 6, 2017.

Brown died of a heart attack at his Parliament Hill office in Ottawa, Ontario at the age of 57.

References

Other websites
 Official site
 Gord Brown's Twitter posts

1960 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Canada
Politicians from Toronto
Wang Danfeng (; 23 August 1924 – 2 May 2018) was a Chinese actress. She was active from the 1940s to the 1960s. Wang was born in Shanghai. 

She named as one of the four greatest actresses in Hong Kong, officially recognized as a "movie star of New China" in 1962, and received two Lifetime Achievement Awards. She starred in more than 60 movies.

She retired in 1980. Wang was invited to attend President Ronald Reagan's second inauguration in 1985.

In 2013, the China Film Performance Art Academy awarded Wang the Golden Phoenix Lifetime Achievement Award.

In the morning of 2 May 2018, Wang died at a hospital in Shanghai, aged 93.

References

Other websites
 

1924 births
2018 deaths
Chinese movie actors
Chinese television actors
Chinese stage actors
Actors from Shanghai
Kent Osborne (born August 30, 1969) is an American screenwriter, actor, and  television and movie producer. He served as a storyboard writer for  SpongeBob SquarePants, Camp Lazlo, Phineas and Ferb, The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack, Adventure Time and Regular Show. He has received multiple Emmy Award nominations and has won twice for Adventure Time (in 2015 and 2017). 

He is currently the head writer for Cartoon Network's upcoming series Summer Camp Island, set to premiere in 2018.

He has also starred in several movies, including Hannah Takes the Stairs, Nights and Weekends, All the Light in the Sky and Uncle Kent (in the title role).

References

Other websites
 
 

Emmy Award winners
1969 births
Living people
Adventure Time
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American television writers
American television producers
American television directors
Screenwriters from New Jersey
Movie producers from New Jersey
Actors from New Jersey
Writers from Vermont
Actors from Vermont
James W. Carroll Jr. is an American lawyer. He was the director of the U.S. Office of National Drug Control Policy from January 3, 2019 to January 20, 2021. He was appointed by President Donald Trump and then nominated to be the permanent director on April 24, 2018. 

Carroll served as the White House Deputy Chief of Staff. He was an attorney in the Office of the White House Counsel for Presidents Donald Trump and George W. Bush.

References

Living people
Politicians from Virginia
Directors of the Office of National Drug Control Policy
US Republican Party politicians
Lawyers from Virginia
Lee Patrick Brown (born October 4, 1937) is an American criminologist, public administrator, politician and businessman. In 1997 he was the first African-American to be elected mayor of Houston, Texas.  He was reelected twice to serve the maximum of three terms from 1998 to 2004.

From 1993 to 1996, Brown served as Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy during the Bill Clinton administration.

References

Other websites
 Brown, Lee and Jane Ely. Lee Brown Oral History , Houston Oral History Project, October 31, 2007.
 HELEN ERIKSEN, "Fort Bend group lauds former Houston mayor for public service", Houston Chronicle, March 31, 2005.
Guide to the Dr. Lee P. Brown professional papers, 1954-2013 (Woodson Research Center, Fondren Library, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA)
 Kennedy, Tom. "HPD History: Chief Lee Brown laid the strong foundation for HPD’s Strong community liaison practices with all communities." Houston Police Officers Union. September 2016. Accessed October 29, 2016.

1937 births
Living people
Lawyers from Houston
Businesspeople from Houston, Texas
Businesspeople from Oklahoma
Mayors of Houston
Directors of the Office of National Drug Control Policy
Politicians from Oklahoma
US Democratic Party politicians
Barry Richard McCaffrey (born November 17, 1942) is a former United States Army officer and current news commentator, professor and business consultant. He served on U.S. President Bill Clinton's Cabinet as the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy from 1996 to 2001. He received three Purple Heart medals during his service in the Vietnam War, two Silver Stars, and two Distinguished Service Crosses — the second-highest U.S. Army award for valor.

References

Other websites
McCaffrey Associates, McCaffrey's company

1942 births
Living people
Purple Heart recipients
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
American political writers
Harvard University alumni
Directors of the Office of National Drug Control Policy
Politicians from Massachusetts
Writers from Massachusetts
John P. Walters (born February 8, 1952) is an American politician. He is a former Director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). He held that position from December 7, 2001 to January 20, 2009.

During the Reagan Administration, he served as Assistant to the Secretary at the U.S. Department of Education. He was also the Secretary's representative to the National Drug Policy Board and the Domestic Policy Council's Health Policy Working Group.

In January 2009, Walters became the Executive Vice President of the Hudson Institute.

References

Other websites
 Office of National Drug Control Policy
 University of Michigan, Survey Research Center Monitoring the Future, 2004
 
 6 September 1990 rare video of "National Public Radio's Morning Edition" at 01:40:06 of John P. Walters and opposing views by Arnold Trebach of the Drug Policy Foundation about the "War on Drugs."
 Information on the New Citizenship Project

1952 births
Living people
Directors of the Office of National Drug Control Policy
Politicians from Michigan
US Republican Party politicians
Richard Gil Kerlikowske (born November 23, 1949) is a former Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection. He assumed office on March 6, 2014 and retired January 20, 2017. He also served as the  Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy between 2009 and 2014.

Kerlikowske was not in favor of the legalization of cannabis.

In a December 9, 2010 interview with The Nation magazine, Kerlikowske called Nancy Reagan's "Just Say No" campaign one of the "major successes" of the War on Drugs.

References

Other websites
 Commissioner R. Gil Kerlikowske-U.S. Customs and Border Protection

 Interview with Gil Kerlikowske on PMAKid.com

1949 births
Living people
Directors of the Office of National Drug Control Policy
Politicians from Florida
US Democratic Party politicians