cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson, FRS (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892) was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom in the Victorian era. He remains one of the most popular poets in the English language.

Tennyson was excellent at writing short lyrics like In the valley of Cauteretz, Break, break, break, The Charge of the Light Brigade, Tears, idle tears and Crossing the Bar. Much of his verse like The Lotus Eaters was based on classical mythological themes. Tennyson also wrote some notable blank verse including Idylls of the King, Ulysses, and Tithonus. During his career, Tennyson attempted drama, but his plays were not very successful.

Red in tooth and claw 
In Memoriam A.H.H. was a poem by Tennyson, written in memory of his best friend Arthur Hallam. Hallam was a fellow poet and classmate at Trinity College, Cambridge. He had been engaged to Tennyson's sister, but died from a cerebral hemorrhage before they could get married.

The poem was published after Tennyson had read a pro-evolution book by Robert Chambers. The fundamentalist idea of Biblical inerrancy was in conflict with science. Tennyson expressed the difficulties evolution raised for faith in "the truths that never can be proved".

The poem is too long to quote in full, but this shows how he was thinking of the living world:
Are God and Nature then at strife,That Nature lends such evil dreams?
So careful of the type she seems,So careless of the single life;

That I, considering everywhereHer secret meaning in her deeds,
And finding that of fifty seedsShe often brings but one to bear.

The much-quoted phrase comes soon after, in section 56. It refers to humanity: 
Who trusted God was love indeedAnd love Creation's final law
Tho' Nature, red in tooth and clawWith ravine, shriek'd against his creed.
The phrase Nature, red in tooth and claw was taken up as a metaphor for life in general, even before Darwin's Origin of species was published.

Tis better to have loved and lost... 
The poem has another, perhaps even better-known stanza:
I hold it true, whate'er befall;I feel it when I sorrow most;
 'Tis better to have loved and lostThan never to have loved at all.

References 

1809 births
1892 deaths
English poets
United Kingdom Barons
People from Lincolnshire
People buried in Westminster Abbey
British poets laureate
Sir Edward Downes, (born Birmingham, England, 17 June 1924; died Switzerland, 10 July 2009) was an English conductor.  He was famous for conducting opera, but also conducted orchestral concerts.  He worked a lot with the orchestra of the Royal Opera House as well as Opera Australia.

When he was old he was almost totally blind and deaf and his wife was dying of cancer, so they both decided that they wanted to die together.  They went to Switzerland where they were allowed to commit assisted suicide.

Early years
Downes was born in Birmingham, England.  His father worked in a bank.  He left school when he was 14 and got a simple job in a gas store where he earned 16s 10d (16 shillings and 10 pence, which is 84p in modern British money) a week. 

He had been playing the piano and violin since he was five.  When he was 16 he got a  scholarship to the University of Birmingham where he studied English literature and music, and began playing the cor anglais. He then got a scholarship to study conducting at the  University of Aberdeen.

Marriage
In the 1960s, he married Joan, a dancer with the Royal Ballet. She later became a choreographer and television producer. They had two children: a son, Caractacus (born December 1967), who became a musician and recording engineer, and a daughter, Boudicca, who became a video producer.

Conducting career 
In 1952 he started his work in the  Royal Opera House, Covent Garden where he was assistant to Rafael Kubelík. He worked for the ROH for 17 years, becoming Associate Music Director in 1991. 

From 1970 he was Music Director of  Australian Opera.  He conducted the first performance in the new Sydney Opera House in 1973 conducting Prokofiev’s opera War and Peace.  He was Chief Conductor of the Netherlands Radio Orchestra and the BBC Philharmonic.

Downes was remembered in particular for conducting music by British composers.  He was also especially fond of the operas by Verdi as well as the symphonies of Shostakovich.  People often thought he looked like Shostakovich, especially when he wore his glasses.

He received the honour of CBE.

In his last years he could hardly see and so he could only conduct music that he knew from memory.

Death
When he was 85 he had become almost totally blind and deaf. His wife was dying of cancer and was in a lot of pain. They both wanted to die together, but in Britain it is against the law to help someone to die, so they decided to go to the Dignitas clinic in Switzerland. There, surrounded by members of their family, they drank a fatal dose of barbiturates and died on 10 July 2009.

Some people who support the idea of assisted suicide are hoping that this case may lead to more discussion which could bring about a change in the law in Britain and other countries.

References

1924 births
2009 deaths 
British conductors
Deaths by euthanasia
Drug-related suicides
Musicians from Birmingham
Musicians who committed suicide
Assisted suicide is when somebody who wants to commit suicide (wants to die) is helped to do this by someone else.  Normally, people who ask for assisted suicide are very ill and in a lot of pain, so they want someone to help them to die, for example by being given access to drugs which will kill them. Some people prefer the terms aid in dying or death with dignity to describe assisted suicide. The term euthanasia is sometimes used, although euthanasia is generally regarded as different to assisted suicide, as it involves causing a person to die rather than helping them to kill themselves.

The law about this varies a lot in different countries.  In Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland and in three American states it is legal to help someone to die in these circumstances.  However, in many countries it is not allowed, and the person who helps someone to die may be arrested and sent to prison.

Some people who are very ill and want to die may go to these countries, such as Switzerland, in order to end their life.

Related pages
Dignitas (euthanasia group)

Suicide
Euthanasia
Dignitas is a Swiss group that helps people with assisted suicide. This means that, if a person is very ill and wants to die, the doctors and nurses help them to end their life. Only people who have a terminal illness or very bad physical or mental illnesses are allowed to be helped. The patients must be able to understand what is happening and decide for themselves that death is what they want.

Dignitas was started in 1998 by Ludwig Minelli, a Swiss lawyer. The law in Switzerland says that someone can help in an assisted suicide so long as they do not have any self-interest (for example, so long as they are not going to inherit money from the person who dies). The doctor has to meet the person on two occasions and make sure that the person really does wish to die. There must be evidence for this, i.e. the patient has to sign a paper, and two witnesses have to sign to say they saw the patient signing. If the patient is too ill to sign, a video film can be made. The patient is asked several times whether that is what they want. If everyone is absolutely sure, then he or she is given a drug which will kill them.

Some people travel from other countries such as Britain to the Dignitas clinic in Switzerland so that they can be helped to die. For example, the rugby player Daniel James, who was 23, had a terrible injury to his spine which left him paralysed from his chest down, travelled there with his parents to die. In 2009 the British conductor Edward Downes and his wife both travelled to Dignitas where they died together.

References

Other websites 
Dignitas website (In German) ()

Euthanasia
Switzerland
Terminal illness is a term used to describe an illness which cannot be cured and will almost definitely end in the death of the patient. The term is mostly used for progressive diseases such as cancer or advanced heart disease.  Someone who has a terminal illness may be described as a terminal patient or as being terminally ill. Usually a patient is called "terminally ill" when they are not expected to live more than 6 months.  Medical conditions such as AIDS are not called terminal illnesses because the patient may live for many years before eventually dying of the illness.

Very often, terminally ill patients are given palliative care to give them a better quality of life. Sometimes, they go to a hospice to be looked after.

Related pages
 Assisted suicide

Diseases
Death
NOW is a free weekly newspaper/magazine published in Toronto, Canada. It has been online since 1993, first at now.com and then it was changed to nowtoronto.com in 2000.

Other websites
NOW Magazine Everything Toronto.
NXNE Music festival.
NOW: The Musical Movie trailer

Magazines of Canada
Newspapers published in Canada
Ralph William Downes CBE KSG (born Derby, 16 August 1904; died London, 24 December 1993) was an English organist and organ designer.

He was assistant organist at Southwark Cathedral from 1923 until 1925. Then he continued his education at Keble College, Oxford. He was music director and organist of the new chapel at Princeton University between 1928 and 1935.<ref name="ODM"> During his time in America he learned a lot about organ building and listened to musicians playing baroque music.<ref name="Grove">

He soon became famous for his recitals and radio broadcasts in which he played music using historical performance styles.  He gave first performances of pieces by composers such as Darius Milhaud, Paul Hindemith and Arnold Schoenberg. Benjamin Britten invited him every year to perform at the Aldeburgh Festival.

In 1948, he was asked to design an organ for the new Royal Festival Hall.  When the organ was first played in 1954 not everyone agreed that it was good, but soon it was realised that it was an excellent instrument for playing music from the Baroque and Classical music periods and it had a big influence on the way that other organs were built. 

Downes was Professor of Organ at the Royal College of Music from 1954 to 1975 and was the best known British organ teacher of his day.  His students included Gillian Weir and Trevor Pinnock.  He made many recordings and wrote a book about organ design.

He was given the honour of CBE in 1969.  He died in London in 1993.<ref name="ODM"> There was no organ music at his funeral.  Instead, he had asked for Gregorian chant to be sung.

References

1904 births
1993 deaths
English organists
People from Derby
Symmetry in biology is about the overall shape of the body and its parts. The body plans of most multicellular organisms have some form of symmetry, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry or spherical symmetry. A few have no symmetry, and are asymmetric. 

In nature and biology, symmetry is approximate. For example, plant leaves, which are more or less symmetrical, will rarely match up exactly when folded in half.

Types of symmetry 
There are three basic forms:

Radial symmetry: The organism looks like a pie. This pie can be cut up into roughly identical pieces.
Bilateral symmetry: There is an axis; on both sides of the axis the organism looks roughly the same.
Spherical symmetry: If the organism is cut through its center, the resulting parts look the same.

In nature and biology, symmetry is approximate. For example, plant leaves, while considered symmetric, will rarely match up exactly when folded in half.

Gallery

Other websites
Evolutionary theories of asymmetrization of organisms, brain and body S. Geodakyan.

Animal anatomy
Developmental biology
William Morris (24 March 1834 – 3 October 1896) was an English architect, furniture and fabric designer, artist, writer, and socialist. He was born in Walthamstow in East London.

Morris was educated at Marlborough and Exeter College, Oxford. In 1856, he became an  to Gothic revival architect G. E. Street. That year he founded the Oxford and Cambridge Magazine. In 1861, Morris founded a design firm in partnership with the artist Edward Burne-Jones, and the poet and artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti. This had a great impact on the decoration of churches and houses in the early 20th century. Morris's major contribution was as a designer of repeating patterns for wallpapers and textiles. This was mainly based on a close observation of nature. He was also a major contributor to the resurgence of traditional textile arts and methods of production.

Morris wrote and published poetry, fiction, and translations of ancient and medieval texts throughout his life, among others Story of Sigurd the Volsung and the Fall of the Niblungs (1876). His best-known works include The Defence of Guenevere and Other Poems (1858), The Earthly Paradise (1868–1870), A Dream of John Ball (1888) and the utopia News form Nowhere (1890). His poetry was strongly influenced by Geoffrey Chaucer's work. This influence can be seen in the use of rhyme royal.

William Morris designed his own furniture. He was frustrated, because he could not find any furniture he liked, so he decided, he wanted to design his own furniture, but it was mostly wallpaper designs.

Morris was an important person in the emergence of socialism in Great Britain. He founded the Socialist League in 1884. However, he broke with the movement over goals and methods by the end of that decade. He devoted much of the rest of his life to the Kelmscott Press, which he founded in 1891. The 1896 Kelmscott edition of the Works of Geoffrey Chaucer is considered a masterpiece of book design.

Notes

Other websites

 William Morris, The Earthly Paradise. 
 Works by William Morris at Project Gutenberg. 

1834 births
1896 deaths
English architects
English writers
English poets
Designers
Socialists
Textile artists
Cliveden is the name of a large house in Buckinghamshire near London, England. There have been three houses on this site. The first house was built in 1666 and burnt to the ground in a fire in 1795. A new house was built but this one also burnt down in a fire in 1849. The house which can be seen today was made in 1851 by Sir Charles Barry, an architect.

Cliveden means "valley among cliffs".

Cliveden House sits in a large garden and woodland, (375 acres). The garden contains many statues and fountains made from stone as well as areas of flowers. Cliveden is very close to the River Thames.

Many famous and important people have lived at Cliveden. Some of these are:
The second Duke of Buckingham
Frederick, Prince of Wales
Nancy Astor, the first woman to be a Member of Parliament in the UK in 1919.

The house is now used as a hotel.

References

Crathorne, James, Cliveden: the place and the people. London, 1995.

Buckinghamshire
Hotels
Josef Krips (born Vienna, 8 April 1902; died Geneva, 13 October 1974) was an Austrian conductor and violinist.

Krips was born into a Jewish family. He became a pupil of Eusebius Mandyczewski and Felix Weingartner. From 1921 to 1924, he was Weingartner's assistant at the Vienna Volksoper where he worked as repetiteur and chorus master.  Afterwards he became conductor of several orchestras, including the orchestra in Karlsruhe from 1926 to 1933.  In 1933 he returned to Vienna as conductor of the Volksoper. He also became a professor at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts in 1935. He often conducted at the Salzburg Festival between 1935 and 1938.

In 1938, when the Nazi's took power in Austria, (the Anschluss), Krips had to leave the country because he was Jewish and Roman Catholic.  He worked in Belgrade until Yugoslavia also became involved in World War II.  For the rest of the war he worked in a food factory.

In 1945 he went back to Austria, where he was one of the few conductors who were allowed to work, because he had not worked under the Nazi regime.  He was the first person after the war to conduct the Vienna Philharmonic and the Salzburg Festival where he conducted Mozart's opera Don Giovanni.

From 1950 to 1954 Krips was principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra. Afterwards he conducted the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra and the San Francisco Symphony (from 1963 to 1970). He gave his first performance at Covent Garden in 1963 and appeared at the Metropolitan Opera in 1966.  From then on he often conducted there.  In 1970, he became conductor of the Deutsche Oper in Berlin.  Between 1970 and 1973, he was the principal conductor of the Vienna Symphony Orchestra.

Krips died in Geneva, Switzerland in 1974.

His brother Henry was also a musician.  He emigrated to Australia where he conducted the orchestra in Adelaide.  Then he returned to London where he often conducted Viennese light music.

References
The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie, 1980; 

1902 births
1974 deaths
Austrian conductors
Musicians from Vienna
A Répétiteur is a musician who helps opera singers to learn their parts for an opera.

The word Répétiteur is a French word which comes from the verb "répéter" meaning: "to repeat". The meaning here is "to rehearse", because when a musician rehearses (practises) he will go over the music many times until he has learned it really well. The German word is Korrepetitor.

A répétiteur will be a very skilled musician. He will be an excellent pianist who can play music on the piano which is normally played by an orchestra. He will often be able to help the singer to get to know the music by singing another part that is going on at the same time. He will be able to help the singer with technical problems with their voice, and also with pronunciation and musical interpretation.

Some répétiteurs may go on to become famous conductors, e.g. Josef Krips,  Howard Goodall, and Georg Solti.
 
In ballet, a répétiteur teaches the steps and interpretation of the roles to some or all of the company performing a dance.

Opera terminology
Ballet terminology
Sir Hamilton Harty (born Hillsborough, Co. Down, Ireland, 4 December 1879; died Brighton, 19 February 1941) was an Irish composer, conductor and accompanist.  He is particularly remembered for his work in Manchester with the orchestra called The Hallé.

Life and work

Harty was born in Northern Ireland, the fourth of ten children.  His father was a church organist.  He learned to play the viola, piano, and organ.  When he was twelve he was organist at Magheracoll Church, County Antrim.  He also had organist jobs at Belfast and Dublin.  In 1900 he went to London where he was soon known as a composer and an excellent piano accompanist.  In 1904 he married the singer Agnes Nicholls.  For her he wrote a piece for soprano and orchestra called Ode to a Nightingale.

He soon became known as a conductor, conducting the London Symphony Orchestra and, from 1920, The Hallé, which he made into one of the best orchestras in England.
He conducted works by many composers, some of whom were little known at the time: they included Bax, Sibelius, Berlioz, Moeran, Walton and Richard Strauss.  He gave the first performance in England of Mahler’s Ninth Symphony.

Harty was knighted in 1925.  He resigned from The Hallé in 1933 after there had been a lot of arguments.  After that he mainly conducted in London, as well as in United States and Australia.

Harty composed many pieces during his early years, including An Irish Symphony, a tone poem With the Wild Geese, a Violin Concerto, and Ode to a Nightingale.

Harty was ill for the last five years of his life.  He had a brain tumour.  He was looked after by his secretary Olive Baguley, because he had separated from his wife.  He died in Hove near Brighton.

References

 The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980; 

1879 births
1941 deaths
Irish composers
Romantic composers
20th-century composers
Knights Bachelor
Albert Coates (born Saint Petersburg, 23 April 1882; died Cape Town, 11 December 1953) was an Anglo-Russian conductor and composer.

Life and work
Coates was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, the youngest of seven sons of an English father and a Russian mother. 

He studied at the conservatory in Leipzig, where his greatest teacher was Arthur Nikisch.  He worked at the opera house in Dresden, and became conductor at Saint Petersburg's Mariinsky Theatre. After the Russian Revolution and World War I he just managed to escape from Russia in April 1919.

He first appeared at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in 1914 conducting Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde.  He was a man with a lot of energy, and he introduced the audiences to a lot of music they had not heard, especially by Russian composers such as Alexander Scriabin, but also English music by Ralph Vaughan Williams, Arnold Bax and Gustav Holst, whose suite The Planets he gave the first complete London public performance.

In the 1920s and early 1930s he often worked with the London Symphony Orchestra.  He made gramophone recordings in the very early days of the gramophone.  These include Scriabin's Poème de l'Extase and many bits from Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen and (in 1925) the complete Symphony No. 9 of Beethoven. He was the conductor for the first recording of Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3, with Vladimir Horowitz as soloist. 

In 1925 he gave the first stage performance outside Russia of Rimsky-Korsakov's opera The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevroniya.

He composed several works including operas and a symphonic poem The Eagle, dedicated to the memory of his former teacher Artur Nikisch, which was performed in Leeds in 1925.  In 1946 he settled in Milnerton, Cape Town, South Africa, where he died in 1953.

Albert Coates was no relation to Eric Coates, the English composer of light music, nor to the tenor John Coates.

1882 births
1953 deaths
English composers
Creed was a rock band from Florida. The members of this band were vocalist Scott Stapp, guitar player Mark Tremonti, drum player Scott Phillips, and bass guitar player Brian Marshall.

History

My Own Prison (1997-1998) 

Creed released an album in 1997, called My Own Prison. It sold over 1 million copies.

Human Clay (1999-2000) 

In 1999, they released the album Human Clay. Popular songs from that album were Higher and With Arms Wide Open.

Weathered,  controversial concert and hiatus (2001-2003) 

They released another album in 2001, called Weathered. The song My Sacrifice from the album was the most successful. The December 29, 2002 concert at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois is the reason the band went on a hiatus then broke up the first time back in 2004.

first break-up, Alter Bridge, reunion, Full Circle and second break-up (2004-2012) 

In 2004, they split up. Tremonti, Phillips and Marshall helped start a new band called Alter Bridge. Creed got back together in 2009. The released a new album called Full Circle. They split up again in 2012.

Awards and nominations
Grammy Awards
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States. Creed has won one award out of three nominations. 

American Music Awards
The American Music Awards is an annual music awards ceremony in the United States. Creed has received four American Music Award from six nominations.

MTV Video Music Awards
The MTV Video Music Awards are presented annually by MTV. They honor accomplishments in the music video medium. Creed has received two nominations.

Discography
Studio albums
 My Own Prison (1997)
 Human Clay (1999)
 Weathered (2001)
 Full Circle (2009)

References

1994 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
1990s establishments in Florida
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
2012 disestablishments in the United States
American rock bands
Musical groups established in 1994
Musical groups disestablished in 2012
Musical groups from Florida
People from Tallahassee, Florida
Post-grunge bands
American Music Awards
Zango (used to be 180solutions) was a controversial software company founded in 1999. It went out of business after a British company called blinkx bought it. It was controversial for installing adware, or a type of software that displayed ads without your permission, on your computer.

Advertising
Malware
Tropical Storm Alma was a tropical cyclone in the 2008 Pacific hurricane season. It formed off the coast of Costa Rica on May 29. At first, it was forecast to be a weak storm, However, it quickly gained strength. It then hit land on Nicaragua. 

Alma was the first tropical storm to ever hit the Pacific coast of Nicaragua. Lots of rain from the storm caused flooding, and eleven people were killed in the area. The remains later became Tropical Storm Arthur in the Atlantic.

Related pages
 Lists of tropical cyclone names

References

2008 Pacific hurricane season
East Pacific tropical storms
Retired tropical cyclone names
Hurricanes
History of Costa Rica
2000s in Nicaragua
2008 in North America
Herne Hill railway station is a train station in Herne Hill, a location in the London Borough of Lambeth, South London, England. Its location is . 

Transport for London has thought of making the Victoria line go to Herne Hill to give faster turnaround at the southern end of the line. The extension is not a high thing for TfL as it has a weaker business case than other projects.

Services

The station is looked after by Southeastern train operating company. The off-peak service pattern  is:

 Two trains per hour (tph) to Luton around Elephant & Castle 
 2 tph to St Albans around Elephant & Castle
 4 tph to London Victoria around Brixton  
 4 tph to Orpington around Beckenham Junction 
 2 tph to Sutton around Wimbledon
 2 tph to Sutton around Mitcham Eastfields

On Sunday, northbound Sutton Loop trains change between stopping at Blackfriars and Luton. Late-night Sutton loop services (21:57 onwards) run to Bedford from Monday-Saturday and finish at Blackfriars on Sunday.

First Capital Connect and Southeastern jointly have extra peak trains from Herne Hill to Beford (morning and evening peaks), Beckenham Junction Kent House, Rochester and Swanley (evening peak only).

Buses

Herne Hill has buses by London bus which routes are 3, 37 (24 hours), 68, 196, 201, 322, 468, N3 and N68. The nearest London Underground station is Brixton.

References 

Railway stations in London
An interchange is a meeting of two or more things. They usually perform some kind of exchange (trade), and possibly go on their ways again. Interchange is usually used for roads and information, but can be used for other things.

In transport:
 Interchange (road), a collection of ramps, exits, and entrances between two or more highways
 Interchange (freight rail), the transfer of freight cars between railroad companies
 Interchange station, a railway station where two or more routes meet and allow passengers to change trains
 Transport interchange or transport hub, a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Toshimi Kikuchi is also a former footballer.

Biography
Kikuchi was born in Tono on April 12, 1967. After graduating from Tono High School, he joined Japan Soccer League club Yomiuri (later Verdy Kawasaki, Tokyo Verdy) in 1986. The club won league champions 3 times, JSL Cup 1 time and Emperor's Cup 2 times. In Asia, the club also won 1987 Asian Club Championship. In 1992, Japan Soccer League was folded and founded new league J1 League. The club won the league champions in 1993 and 1994. The club also won 1992, 1993, 1994 J.League Cup and 1996 Emperor's Cup. He was a central player in golden era in the clubs history. In 1999, he lost opportunity to play behind Kenji Honnami. In 2000, Kikuchi moved to Kawasaki Frontale on loan. In 2001, he returned to Tokyo Verdy and retired with his rival Honnami end of the 2001 season.

On September 27, 1994, Kikuchi debuted for the Japan national team against Australia. In October, he played all matches at 1994 Asian Games. He was also selected Japan for 1995 King Fahd Cup. But he did not play in the match, as he was the team's reserve goalkeeper behind Shigetatsu Matsunaga. He played 7 games for Japan until 1995.

Statistics

|-
|1986/87||rowspan="6"|Yomiuri||rowspan="6"|JSL Division 1||22||0||5||0||0||0||27||0
|-
|1987/88||10||0||4||0||1||0||15||0
|-
|1988/89||9||0||3||0||1||0||13||0
|-
|1989/90||8||0||0||0||1||0||9||0
|-
|1990/91||22||0||2||0||2||0||26||0
|-
|1991/92||6||0||0||0||5||0||11||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="8"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="8"|J1 League||colspan="2"|-||5||0||9||0||14||0
|-
|1993||28||0||3||0||8||0||39||0
|-
|1994||39||0||2||0||2||0||43||0
|-
|1995||36||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||39||0
|-
|1996||30||0||5||0||15||0||50||0
|-
|1997||11||0||2||0||6||0||19||0
|-
|1998||33||0||2||0||4||0||39||0
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||2||0||2||0
|-
|2000||Kawasaki Frontale||J1 League||6||0||0||0||0||0||6||0
|-
|2001||Tokyo Verdy||J1 League||16||0||3||0||2||0||21||0
276||0||39||0||58||0||373||0
276||0||39||0||58||0||373||0
|}

|-
|1994||5||0
|-
|1995||2||0
|-
!Total||7||0
|}

References

Other websites

1967 births
Living people
Footballers from Iwate Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
Japan Soccer League players
Tokyo Verdy players
Kawasaki Frontale players
1995 King Fahd Cup players
Blanquette de Limoux is the name given to a number of sparkling wines from the Languedoc, in France.

Sparkling Wine 
Blanquette de Limoux is probably the oldest known sparkling wine in France. 

According to a text at a local abbey, Livy praised the wines from Limoux, which were not sparkling wines at the time.

Benedictine Monks 
Benedictine monks of the abbey of Saint Hilaire found out how to make sparkling wine from white wine.

Dom Pérignon 
Dom Pérignon brought back the method of making sparkling wines to his abbey in Champagne, at the end of the 16th century. 

He started to experiment with it in the vineyards of the abbey.

French wines
This is a list of clubs who have played in the English Premier League at any time since 1992 to the current season. English Premier League teams playing in the 2021-22 Premier League season are in bold. Founding members of the Premier League are shown in italics. A total of 50 teams have played in the Premier League (Bournemouth, Brighton and Huddesfield are missing from the table).

Notes

References 

Lists about England
Deborah Ann "Debby" Ryan (born May 13, 1993, in Huntsville, Alabama) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. She is best known for her role in The Suite Life on Deck.

Career 
Debby Ryan is known as Bailey Pickett on The Suite Life on Deck. She has an older brother Chris Ryan who has an alternative rock band. She loves to hang with friends and says, she could not be happier. She is a singer, her main music genres are alternative rock, country music. She was set to perform on a tour in the summer of 2009, but was cancelled due to schedule conflicts. She is set to star as Kimberly in What If. And is Abby Jenson on 16 Wishes.

Ryan is also known for her role in "Longshots". She is a singer, as shown above, and she was scheduled to release her new single, "Adios" on the Terrific Teen Tour, but the tour had been cancelled. She said it would be her "big break" in her singing career, and she has many fans out there who support her through everything.

She stars in the Disney Channel Original Movie "Radio Rebel" as Tara the Radio Rebel. This movie has only just aired in the UK but has aired in the US for a long time. She also stars in the Disney Channel show, Jessie. Ryan plays as a nanny named Jessie.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 

 

Debby Ryan at the Internet Movie Database

1993 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American child actors
Singers from Huntsville, Alabama
American guitarists
Disney actors
Disney singers
Writers from Huntsville, Alabama
Musicians from Huntsville, Alabama
Actors from Huntsville, Alabama
The Albert Goldfield is an area of 1300 square kilometres (500 square miles) where gold was discovered in the outback of New South Wales in 1880. Gold was found at Mount Browne, which is  south west of Tibooburra. There were other finds at Good Friday, Easter Monday, Nuggerty, Pioneer Reef and Warratta Creek.

This is a very hot and dry area of Australia. Because of the shortage of water, towns were started at Milparinka and Tibooburra where there was water available. Towns at Albert and Mount Browne did not last for long because of the lack of water. By 1881 there were more than 2000 people living on the gold diggings or in the towns. Geologist William Henry John Slee was appointed resident Goldfield Warden.  The miners had to either take their dirt to one of the towns to use water to pan for the gold, or use a method called dry blowing. Dry blowing means breaking the dirt into fine particles and letting the wind blow away the dirt leaving the heavier gold behind. Life on the goldfields was hard, water was scarce, fresh fruit and vegetables were not available, and basics like flour were very expensive. Disease, including dysentery and typhoid were common.

By 1893 the gold rush had ended and most people had left the goldfields.

References

Other websites
 Mount Browne 

Geography of New South Wales
19th century in Australia
The Cross-City Line is a suburban railway line in the West Midlands region of England. It runs from Redditch, Worcestershire, its southern terminus, to Lichfield, Staffordshire, its northern terminus. It goes through Birmingham New Street. It services on the line are currently operated by London Midland.

Rail transport in England
West Midlands (region)
A lawn mower (or lawnmower) is a machine that uses blades to cut a lawn. There are different types of lawn mowers. The smallest are pushed by a human, they are good for small lawns and gardens. Ride-on mowers are good for larger lawns. The largest are pulled behind a tractor, they are made for grass at places like golf courses and parks. Always wear safety equipment while working with these machines.

A lawn mower functions by spinning either a thin blade, or a small piece of cable, to cause lacerations on the stems of grass & other plants. Severing the plant and reducing the height of the plant to a more pleasing appearance. 

Cutting tools
Gardening tools
Agricultural machinery
A leaf blower is a gardening tool uses air to move yard debris like leaves. Some leaf blowers can also suck leaves through a vacuum, and shred (break into small pieces) them into a bag.

Gardening tools
Doctor could refer to:

Doctor (title), someone who has a doctorate. This can include:
Medical doctor
Doctor (Doctor Who), a fictional character in the TV show Doctor Who
Doctor (Star Trek), a fictional character in the TV show Star Trek: Voyager
"The Doctor", nickname of basketball player Julius Erving
The Skagit River is a river in Canada and the United States. It flows about  from British Columbia to the state of Washington, where it flows into the Pacific Ocean north of Seattle. The river begins by flowing south. It then enters North Cascades National Park, where it is dammed by Ross Dam, which forms Ross Lake, a reservoir.

Geography 
The river then leaves the lake and flows into Diablo Lake, also a reservoir. It then keeps flowing southwest through a deep river canyon, known as the Skagit Gorge. It then meets its largest tributary, the Sauk River, and then turns west. The Sauk is about 45 miles long, flowing northwest.

After turing west, the Skagit parallels the North Cascades Highway, leaving the national park. It meets another tributary, the Baker River, from the north. The Baker flows south about 30 miles and is dammed twice, in Baker Lake and Lake Shannon. The river then flows out to the sea near Mount Vernon, Washington. The total extent of the basin is 1,505 square miles (3,900 square kilometers).

References 

Rivers of Washington (U.S. state)
North Cascades National Park is a national park in the U.S. state of Washington. It was established on 2 October 1968. The park covers 634,000 acres of the Cascade Range (specifically the North Cascades).

Geography
The Park is split in half by the Skagit River, which flows south then southwest through the park. Another primary watercourse of the park is the Baker River which flows into the Skagit and the Stehekin River (which flows into Lake Chelan in the southeast).

North Cascades National Park features the rugged mountain peaks of the North Cascades Range. This is the most expansive glacial system in the mainland United States. The Park also has the headwaters of numerous waterways, and vast forests with the highest degree of flora biodiversity of any US national park.

History
The region was first settled by Paleo-Indian Native Americans. By the time white explorers arrived it was inhabited by Skagit tribes.

National parks in the United States
Washington (U.S. state)
1968 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Washington (state)
Zhu Xi or Chu Hsi (, 18 October 1130 – 23 April 1200) was a Confucian scholar during the Song Dynasty. Zhu Xi was one of the three most important Confucian philosophers. He organized the classic works of Confucianism and contributed to the philosophy of Neo-Confucianism.He was from Fujian province in China.

Life 
Zhu Xi was born Wu Yuan, North East Jiangxi province. His father died when he was at the age of thirteen. He continued his studies until he passed the test for a government job. He taught for many years in the Wuyi Mountains and he is also remembered for the time he spent teaching at the Yuelu Academy in Changsha and at his retreat near the White Deer Grotto in Lushan. In his life his ideas were not generally accepted and he was fired from quite a lot of official positions. After his death nearly 1000 people were at his funeral and his tablet was put in a Confucian temple.

The Four Books 
During the Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi's teachings were considered to be unorthodox. Rather than focusing on the Book of Changes like other Neo-Confucians, he chose to emphasize the Four Books: the Great Learning, the Doctrine of the Mean, the Analects of Confucius, and the Mencius as the core curriculum (thing to learn) for aspiring scholar officials. For all these classics he wrote extensive commentaries (big reviews) that were not widely recognized in his time; however, they later became accepted as their standard commentaries. The Four Books served as the basis of civil service examinations all the way down to 1905.

Knowledge and action 
According to Zhu Xi, knowledge and action were indivisible components of truly intelligent activity. Although he did distinguish (tell apart) between the priority of knowing, since intelligent action requires forethought (thought before), and the importance of action, as it produces a discernible effect, Zhu Xi said "Knowledge and action always require each other. It is like a person who cannot walk without legs although he has eyes, and who cannot see without eyes although he has legs. With respect to order, knowledge comes first, and with respect to importance, action is more important."

References 
        

Chinese scholars
Chinese philosophers
1130 births
1200 deaths
The Mangapps Railway Museum (previously Mangapps Farm Railway Museum) is a heritage railway located near Burnham-on-Crouch in Essex. The 3/4 mile stretch of standard gauge track and museum are owned and operated by the Jolly family. They are assisted by a dedicated staff of volunteers.  It was never part of the national rail network. 

Heritage railways in England
The Vale of Glamorgan Railway Company are a Welsh railway preservation society originally called the Butetown Historic Railway Society.

In 1979, the Butetown Historic Railway Society was formed at Bute Road Station in the docklands are of Cardiff. The aim was to restore the then derelict Taff Vale Railway station, and establish a steam hauled passenger service to Cardiff Queen Street station. By 1994, a short section of track existed, and the steam locomotive Sir Gomer hauled short passenger trains.

By 1997, the Cardiff Bay Development Corporation was in charge of the redevelopment of Butetown, and dismissed the idea of a rejuvenated steam railway as part of their plans.

Even prior to 1997 the railway started negotiations with the Vale of Glamorgan Council and moved in during 1998 to its new base at Barry Island Railway. It renamed it self the Vale of Glamorgan Railway Company and were based there till early 2009 operating heritage services both steam and diesel over an expanding network of lines.

Following the December 2007 decision by landlords, the Vale of Glamorgan Council to terminate the £65,000 funding of the Barry Island Railway, the society maintain a service. However less than six months after withdrawing financial support, the council with out warning decided to put the railway site out to tender under a long term lease.  There were three bids submitted with the sucsefull bidder being the commercial company Cambrian Transport who have been the councils railway adviser and contractor since the Barry Railway Project started.

The other bidder NEWCO was submitted by Graham Lee owner of the LH Plant, Hunselt Engine Company, Statfold Barn Railway and Mike Thomson owner of Arrowvale who make black boxes for the rail industry.  NEWCO had spoken to the VGR in advance and agree a method of working together.  Had this bid been successfully the VGR would have continued operating at Barry.

The Railway has recently sold assets following the break down of talks with Cambrian Transport which an has been forced to leave Barry. It is now the intention for the railway to relocate to the Bridgend Valleys Railway, with some stock also going to the Dean Forest Railway and further a field.

The Railway is now working with the Bridgend Valleys Railway to develop the 4.5 miles of line in place north of Bridgend.

References

Rail transport in Wales
The Ecclesbourne Valley Railway is a heritage railway in Derbyshire. Its operations are based at Wirksworth station. It is currently planned to extend the railway along the former Midland Railway branch line which joined the main-line at Duffield. 

When complete it will be one of the few Heritage Railways that operates a whole branch line in its original form and entire length.

The line is operated by diesel locomotives, which haul former multiple unit trailer cars and also uses heritage diesel multiple units.

History

Origin
The "Wirksworth Branch" was the product of early nineteenth century railway rivalry. Since 1835 Wirksworth's citizens had been promoting the idea for a branch line from the North Midland Railway (later the Midland Railway) at Duffield. The Midland was initially uninterested, but then realised that the branch could be extended to Rowsley. This was difficult, but the branch could avoid the section from Ambergate, on its Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midlands Junction Railway, which was shared with its rival the London and North Western Railway.

References 

Train operating companies
Derbyshire
Heritage railways in England
1867 establishments in England
The River Lee or River Lea is a river in England. It begins in Leagrave Park , Leagrave, Luton in the Chiltern Hills. It flows generally southeast, east, and then south to London where it meets the River Thames . The last section is known as Bow Creek.
A section of the river runs through Hertford castle and shares a valley with the river Beane at Hartham common. Morgans School, in Hertford, have named one of their houses after the river Lea.

References 

Rivers of England
A naval mine is a bomb placed in water to destroy ships or submarines. Unlike depth charges, mines are put in the water and left to wait until they make contact with a ship. Naval mines can be used offensively, to make it harder for enemy ships to sail easily, or trap them into a harbour. They can also be used defensively, to protect friendly ships and create "safe" zones.

Mines can be laid in many ways: by specially built minelayers, refitted ships, submarines, aircraft, or even by dropping them into a harbour by hand. They are a cheap weapon with a basic mine costing as little as US$1000. There are very advanced mines which can cost millions and have several kinds of sensors, and deliver a warhead by rocket or torpedo.

International law says that nations have to say when they put mines in an area. This is to make it easier for civil shipping to avoid the mines. The warnings do not have to be specific; during World War II, Britain said simply that it had mined the English Channel, North Sea, and French coast.

Explosives

no:Mine#Sjøminer
The Edge Chronicles are books of young-adult and fantasy wrote by Paul Stewart and Chris Riddell. It contains three trilogies. All in the books is surealist. Characters, cities, places, monuments, animals, plants, transportation and more were invanted by the writers.

Books

The books are in the chronological order of the story.

The Quint Saga
 Tome 7 :  The Curse of the Gloamglozer (2001)
 Tome 8 : The Winter Knights (2005)
 Tome 9 : Clash of the Sky Galleons (2007)

The Twig Saga
 Tome 1 : Beyond the Deepwoods (1998)
 Tome 2 : Stormchaser (1999)
 Tome 3 : Midnight Over Sanctaphrax (2000)

The Rook Saga
 Tome 4 : The Last of the Sky Pirates (2002)
 Tome 5 : Vox (2003)
 Tome 6 : Freeglader (2004)

Standalone books
Cloud Wolf : 2001, published for World Book Day

The Stone Pilot : 2006, published for World Book Day

The Lost Barkscrolls : 2008, contains the Cloud Wolf and The Stone Pilot

The Immortals : February 5 2009

The Edge Chronicles Maps : September 2 2004

Chronology

Other websites
 New official website
 Old official website

Fantasy books
Francisco Correa de Arauxo (or Araujo) (b. Seville, 1584; d. Segovia, 1654) was an important Spanish organist, composer, and theorist in the last years of the Renaissance and early years of the Baroque period.

Life
We do not know very much about Correa de Araujo.  He was probably born in 1584.  He may have been of Portugese origin.  In 1599 he got a job as organist in Seville.  It must have been an important job because he earned a lot of money.  Many years later he seems to have become a priest.  He may have been made a priest because he was a good organist.  In 1630 he organized a protest when priests were made to work harder wothout being paid more money.  Because he argued about this he was sent to prison for a time.  By 1635 his health was very bad.  In spite of earning a high salary he often had no money.

After 37 years in Seville he took a job as organist in Jaén Cathedral.  He was there until 1640 when he went to Segovia Cathedral.  He worked there until 1653, by which time he was too ill to work.  When he died the following year he was very poor.

His music
Correa only seems to have published one collection of organ works.  It was called Libro de tientos y discursos de música practica, y theorica de organo intitulado Facultad organica (1626).  This was a collection of organ music, as well as a discussion about music theory.  It is one of the few books we have which shows us what musical composition was like in Spain at that time.  His organ music uses a divided keyboard (medio registro), so that the upper and lower parts of the keyboard (high notes and low notes) can use different stops (making different sounds).  The organ pieces in the collection are arranged in order of difficulty.  The pieces at the end are very hard indeed. He uses a lot of dissonances, and he expects the performer to put in lots of ornaments, even if they are not shown in the music.  He uses glosa (ornamental figuration), although he also uses counterpoint.  His harmony shows the influence of composers such as Cabezon and Aguilera de Heredia.

References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980; 

1584 births
1654 deaths
Spanish organists
Renaissance composers
Spanish composers
Baroque composers