cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Delaware Route 82 (DE 82) is a state highway in the northwest suburbs of Wilmington in New Castle County, Delaware. The route runs  from DE 52 near Greenville to the Pennsylvania border near Yorklyn. There it continues as Pennsylvania Route 82 (PA 82). The route passes through areas of trees and fields in the north part of New Castle County. A lot of the route passes next to the Red Clay Creek. All of the route is a part of the Red Clay Valley Scenic Byway, made in 2005. DE 82 was first given its number by 1952. It was signed onto the same road it is on today. In 2010, DelDOT had planned to remove the route number. But it did not happen because people did not want the route number to be removed.

Route description

DE 82 heads to the west of DE 52 near Greenville as Campbell Road.  The road has two lanes cars can travel on without a median, which is a physical divider between the travel lanes in each direction. East of DE 52, the road continues to DE 100 as Kirk Road. The road passes areas of homes with trees and fields. Then it crosses over the Hoopes Reservoir. Not far after the reservoir, DE 82 makes a left turn onto New London Road to go south. The route passes through large areas of trees, turning to the west as it makes many turns. The road goes near more fields and homes in a rural area before coming to an intersection with Mt. Cuba Road. Here, DE 82 goes northwest on Creek Road and passes next to the Red Clay Creek and the Wilmington and Western Railroad on a road with many trees. It makes more turns and goes over the creek two times before crossing the railroad two times.  In this area, the route passes the Ashland Nature Center. The route comes to the community of Yorklyn, where the route turns southwest for a short time and passes a few buildings in rural areas. After making a turn to the northwest to go on Creek Road, DE 82 heads north next to the Red Clay Creek. The Wilmington and Western Railroad turns to the southwest away from the road. A short distance past Yorklyn, the route comes to the Pennsylvania border, where it becomes PA 82 and goes toward Kennett Square, Pennsylvania. All of DE 82 is a part of the Red Clay Valley Scenic Byway, a scenic byway (road) name given to many roads in the Red Clay Creek valley.

History
When Delaware started giving numbers to state highways in the 1930s, the road that is DE 82 today did not have a number. By 1952, DE 82 was made on the road it follows today to go between PA 82 to DE 52 near Greenville. DE 82 became part of the Red Clay Valley Scenic Byway, the second scenic byway in Delaware, in 2005. In 2010, DelDOT planned to remove the DE 82 signs in order to keep the route as a scenic byway. After a public workshop on the proposed sign removal was held, DelDOT decided in April 2010 to keep the DE 82 signs because 
people in the area did not like the plan to remove the signs.

Major intersections
The entire route is in New Castle County.

References

Other websites

Roads in Delaware
1952 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Delaware
Greenville is a place in Delaware in the United States. It is in New Castle County, which is in the north part of the state. It is north of Wilmington.

Census-designated places in Delaware
Yorklyn is a place in Delaware in the United States. It is in New Castle County, which is in the north part of the state. It is north of Wilmington.

Cities in Delaware
John F. Stossel is an American libertarian author, columnist, investigative reporter, and television host. He works for Fox News Channel and Fox Business Network. He used to report for 20/20 on ABC.

Other websites

 "John Stossel's Take ", John Stossel's blog at Fox Business
 
 Harper Collins (Publisher)  – Biography at Publisher's website
 
 ABC News Biography
 Johnson, Peter. "Stossel's evolution from activist to contrarian angers some of his fans", USA Today, April 30, 2006
 "John Stossel: Myth-Buster" , FrontPageMag.com
 Sigall, Ed. "John Stossel: Not Afraid to Tell the Truth", NewsMax.com, June 3, 2006
 "John Stossel – Libertarian" , TheAdvocates.org
 Sullum, Jacob. "Risky Journalism: ABC's John Stossel bucks a fearful establishment"  Reason, April 1997.

1947 births
Living people
American journalists
American television presenters
Writers from Illinois
The following is a List of numbered routes in Delaware, made up of Interstate highways, U.S. routes, and state routes. The Delaware Department of Transportation is responsible for taking care of the numbered roads in Delaware. State routes in Delaware use a highway sign that has the numbers in a white circle on a black square. Delaware's numbering system is like that of the U.S. Highways in that odd numbered highways (1, 3, 5, 7, or 9) travel north-south and even numbered routes (2, 4, 6, 8, or 0) go east-west. The numbers get bigger as one goes south and west respectively. There are some numbers that do not follow this, however, mostly with routes from other states keeping their number as they enter Delaware.


History
The first numbered routes in Delaware came in 1925 with the creation of the U.S. Highway System, in which US 13, US 40, and US 113 were made by law to run through the state. In 1930 and again in 1932, the Delaware State Highway Department suggested giving numbers to state roads to go along with the existing U.S. Highway System. By 1936, Delaware began giving numbers to state routes. In 1956, the Interstate Highway System was made, with under 40 miles of Interstate highway made by law in New Castle County.

State routes

U.S. routes in Delaware

Interstate highways in Delaware

References

Other websites
 AARoads Delaware Highways Page

Roads in Delaware
Delaware-related lists
Lists of roads
Nasi kucing (also called sego kucing), meaning cat rice or cat's rice, is an Indonesian rice dish. It comes from Yogyakarta, Semarang, and Surakarta. It can now be found in many places. It is a small serving of rice with different toppings. Often the toppings include chili sauce, dried fish, and tempeh. It is wrapped in banana leaves.

Name origin
The name nasi kucing, which means "cat rice" or "cat's rice", comes from the size of the rice served. There is very little rice, almost like what a Javanese person would give to a cat.

Origin
Nasi kucing was first served in Yogyakarta, Semarang, and Surakarta. Now it can be found in many places. It can be found in Jakarta and even Mecca; in Mecca it is sold by Indonesian workers during the hajj.

Serving
The rice part of nasi kucing is small, about as big as a fist. It is served with different toppings. The toppings often include sambal (chili sauce), dried fish, and tempeh. Sometimes the toppings can be egg, chicken, and cucumber. It is able to be eaten immediately after it is bought. It is served wrapped in a banana leaf and paper. 

Another version of nasi kucing, called sego macan (meaning "tiger's rice") is three times the size of a regular portion of nasi kucing. Sego macan is served with roasted rice, dried fish, and vegetables. Like nasi kucing, sego macan is served wrapped in a banana leaf and paper.

Sales

Nasi kucing is often sold at a low price. Sometimes nasi kucing can be as cheap as Rp 1000 (US$ 0.12). Sego macan can be about Rp 4000 (US$ 0.48). It is often sold at small food stalls called angkringan, which are located at the side of many roads. The customers are often poorer people, including pedicab and taxi drivers, students, and street musicians. This has led to angkringan being called the "lowest class of eatery".

The owners of the angkringan often come from poorer families, may have few skills that can be used to find a job, or come from far-away villages. To open their stalls, they borrow money from a patron, called a juragan. They may borrow up to Rp 900,000.00 (US$ 105.00). The seller must repay the patron from the net profits of Rp 15,000.00 – Rp 20,000.00 (US$ 1.75 – 2.35) a day.

References

Bibliography

Rice dishes
Indonesian culture
Hyponatremia (British English: hyponatraemia) is when a human body does not have enough salt (sodium) in its blood. It is mostly caused by the presence of too much water.

Hyponatremia is most often a complication of other medical illnesses in which excess water collects in the body faster than can be excreted (for example in congestive heart failure, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), or polydipsia). Some runners who drink a lot of water before running a marathon also suffer this illness. Drinking too much water  can impair the ability of marathon runners.

References 

Blood
Health problems
Mission Impossible is a 1996 American spy/action adventure thriller movie starring Tom Cruise and directed by Brian De Palma. It is set in London, Prague and Virginia. It was followed by Mission: Impossible II, Mission: Impossible III, Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol, Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation and Mission: Impossible – Fallout.

Other websites 

 Mission: Impossible at The Numbers

1996 action movies
1996 thriller movies
1990s action thriller movies
1990s adventure movies
1990s spy movies
Mission: Impossible movies
American adventure movies
Paramount Pictures movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Brian De Palma
Movies set in London
Movies set in Virginia
Prague
Marlins, family Istiophoridae, are fish with an elongated body, a spear-like snout or bill, and a long rigid dorsal fin, which extends forward to form a crest. Its common name is thought to derive from its resemblance to a sailor's marlinspike. Even more so than their close relatives the scombrids, marlin are incredibly fast swimmers, marlins are fast swimmers, reaching speeds of about .

Marlin are rarely table fare, appearing mostly in fine restaurants. Most modern sport fishermen release marlin after unhooking.

References 

Teleosts
The pufferfish is a family of fish, with about 100 species. They are also known as the blowfish, fugu, swellfish, and globefish. They are called the pufferfish because when they are threatened, they puff up to about twice their normal size by gulping water. In this enlarged state, the pufferfish can swim at only about half their normal speed. Pufferfish are generally believed to be the second-most poisonous vertebrates in the world, after the golden poison frog. They use tetrodotoxin, a powerful neurotoxin.

Most pufferfish are found in sub-tropical and tropical marine waters (including coral reefs) in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Some puffers live in brackish and fresh water. 

The scientific name refers to the four large teeth, fused into an upper and lower plate, which are used for crushing the shells of crustaceans and mollusks, their natural prey.

Even though pufferfish are poisonous, the meat of some species is eaten in Japan (as 河豚, pronounced 'fugu'), Korea (as 복 bok or 복어 bogeo ), and China (as 河豚 hétún). It is prepared by specially trained chefs who know which parts, and how much of them, are safe to eat.

Some people also keep pufferfish as pets.

Genera
Pufferfish have 28 genera:

 Amblyrhynchotes
 Arothron
 Auriglobus
 Canthigaster
 Carinotetraodon
 Chelonodon
 Chonerhinos
 Colomesus
 Contusus
 Dichotomyctere
 Ephippion
 Feroxodon
 Guentheridia
 Javichthys
 Leiodon
 Lagocephalus
 Marilyna
 Omegophora
 Pelagocephalus
 Polyspina
 Pao
 Reicheltia
 Sphoeroides
 Takifugu
 Tetractenos
 Tetraodon 
 Torquigener
 Tylerius

References 

Teleosts
Oxytocin is a hormone found in mammals. It is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide. It acts on the brain. In humans it is released during female reproduction, especially during and after childbirth. 

It has other effects. It encourages pair bonding, and parental behaviour. It is released during intimate moments during orgasms and even hugs. For this reason it is often called the 'love hormone'.

Strange to say, the oxytocin released by the pituitary gland cannot reach the brain: it does have effects on the rest of the body. The reason is that there is a blood–brain barrier which prevents large molecules from getting into the brain. Instead, the hormone is produced by special nerve cells inside the brain. 

Oxytocin is also released through the use of recreational drugs like MDMA and some prescription anti-depressants.

Oxytocin was the first polypeptide hormone to be sequenced and synthesized, by Vincent du Vigneaud and colleagues in 1953.

References 

Hormones
Aermacchi M.B.339 was built by Alenia Aermacchi. The creation of this type was requested by the Aernautica Militaire. They wanted to use it as new trainer.

Development
Based on Aermacchi M.B. 326,  M.B. 339 is a direct successor of this type. The changes made on the cockpit, front parts and tail-end result in new product. The delivery has started in 1978. From 1982, those planes became the main plane of the Italian flight group Frecce Tricolori. This plane has been exported in 8 countries. The later types like M.B. 339 CD/FD have been produced only for Frecce Tricolori and can be seen as 4th generation fighters.

Technical data (M.B.339A)

References

Military aircraft
Italian military aircraft
The ocean sunfish (Mola mola, also called the mola or sun fish) is a large ocean fish found in warm and temperate oceans. It is the heaviest known bony fish in the world. It has an almost circular, flattened body. This unusual fish swims by flapping its long pectoral and dorsal fins; the caudal fin is used as a rudder (for steering). Some sunfish have been seen floating on their sides at the top of the sea; they may be using the sun to heat themselves up. They eat crustaceans, starfish, jellyfish, sponges, mollusks, algae, plankton, squid, and small fish.
The species is native to tropical and temperate waters around the globe. It resembles a fish head with a tail, and its main body is flattened laterally.

Ray-finned fish
Remora sometimes called a suckerfish or sharksucker, is an elongated, brown fish in the order Perciformes and family Echeneidae. They are small fish that live on and around sharks. They eat stray bits of food left by the shark and tiny shrimp-like parasites that live on the shark's skin. They have sucker-like disks on their heads with which they attach to the shark. 
Both the shark and the remora benefit from the pairing, but the remore benefits much more; this is commensalism. Remora are also known as sucker fish or shark sucker.

Perciformes

ja:コバンザメ
Richard Dale Snyder (born August 19, 1958) is an American politician, business executive, venture capitalist, and accountant who was the 48th Governor of Michigan. A member of the Republican Party, he became governor on January 1, 2011 and left office on January 1, 2019.

Snyder was seen as a possible Republican Party candidate for Vice President of the United States in 2012, although Paul Ryan was selected.

A report by the University of Michigan School of Public Health concluded Snyder has "significant legal responsibility" for the Flint water crisis, exposing 6,000 to 12,000 Flint children to lead.

On April 16, 2020, an article was published in Vice gave details and evidence of corruption, and a cover-up by Snyder, including details of how he was warned repeatedly about the dangerous effects of the decisions he had made about the water supply to the city of Flint during the water crisis. In January 2021, Snyder was criminally charged for his role in the crisis.

References

1958 births
Living people
Governors of Michigan
Businesspeople from Michigan
US Republican Party politicians
Jefferson Cardoso dos Santos (15 February 1986 in São Vicente, Brazil) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. He is a defender.

He started playing football with his local club  São Vicente Atlético Clube and then went on to Jabaquara Atlético Clube in Brazils 4th league. He became Champion with this team and then went on to Red Bull Brasil. With this team he was two times promoted. In summer 2011 he and his team mate Alex Rafael were invited to train with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. He played two test matches for Salzburg (Bayer 04 Leverkusen, Olympique Lyon). He convinced the club and so he was signed for Red Bull Salzburg. After some matches as substitution he played his first match in the starting team on 21 August 2011 in a league match versus S.K. Sturm Graz.

Honours
 1x Champion Campeonato Paulista Série B (4th league): 2009
 1x Champion Campeonato Paulista Série A3 (3rd league): 2010
 1x Finale Copa Paulista: 2010

1986 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
This is a list of FIFA World Cup goalscorers. This is until the 2014 World Cup.

Currently, Miroslav Klose has the most with 16 goals.

Overall top goalscorers

16 goals 
  Miroslav Klose

 15 goals
  Ronaldo

 14 goals
  Gerd Müller

 13 goals
  Just Fontaine

 12 goals
  Pelé

 11 goals
  Jürgen Klinsmann
  Sándor Kocsis

 10 goals
  Gabriel Batistuta
  Gary Lineker
  Helmut Rahn
  Teófilo Cubillas
  Grzegorz Lato

 9 goals
  Ademir
  Jairzinho
  Vavá
  Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
  Uwe Seeler
  Roberto Baggio
  Paolo Rossi
  Christian Vieri
  Eusébio

 8 goals
  Diego Maradona
  Guillermo Stábile
  Leônidas
  Rivaldo
  Rudi Völler
  David Villa
  Oscar Míguez

 7 goals
  Careca
  Oldřich Nejedlý
  Hans Schäfer
  Lajos Tichy
  Johnny Rep
  Andrzej Szarmach

 6 goals
  Mario Kempes
  Erich Probst
  Bebeto
  Rivelino
  Hristo Stoichkov
  Davor Šuker
  Thierry Henry
  Helmut Haller
  Lothar Matthäus
  Max Morlock
  György Sárosi
  Gyula Zsengellér
  Salvatore Schillaci
  Dennis Bergkamp
  Rob Rensenbrink
  Zbigniew Boniek
  Oleg Salenko
  Josef Hügi
  Diego Forlán

5 goals
  Hans Krankl
  Marc Wilmots
  Garrincha
  Romario
  Zico
  Roger Milla
  Tomáš Skuhravý
  Jon Dahl Tomasson
  Geoff Hurst
  Michel Platini
  Zinedine Zidane
  Franz Beckenbauer
  Thomas Müller
  Lukas Podolski
  Alessandro Altobelli
  Silvio Piola
  Johan Neeskens
  Wesley Sneijder
  Peter McParland
  Valentin Ivanov
  Estanislao Basora
  Emilio Butragueño
  Raúl González
  Fernando Hierro
  Fernando Morientes
  Kennet Andersson
  Henrik Larsson
  Landon Donovan
  Pedro Cea
  Juan Alberto Schiaffino

Goalscorers
Lists of footballers
Chillán Viejo is a Chilean commune in the south of Chillán. According to the Chilean , Chillán Viejo has an area of  and 26,172 inhabitants.

History 
This commune began in 1895. Thanks to an administrative crisis, the title of commune was revoked on 1927. Finally, in 1995, during the promulgation of a law in the government of the now ex-president Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Chillán Viejo is again a commune.

Tourist Attractions

The Monumental Park "Bernardo O'Higgins" 
The colonial house where Bernardo O'Higgins born on 1778.

Traditional Parties 
 Saint Raphael
 Our Lady of Mount Carmel
 Our Lady of the Rosary

References

Other websites 
Municipality of Chillán Viejo 

Cities in Chile
A pyramid scheme is a way of making money that cannot continue very long. It involves promising people payment, services or ideals, primarily for enrolling other people into the scheme or training them to take part. It does not supply any real investment or sale of  products or services to the public. Pyramid schemes are a form of fraud. For this reason, pyramid schemes are illegal in many countries. 

This type of scheme has existed for at least a century (100 years). The way the scheme is described is sometimes changed to hide what it is doing. Many people believe that multilevel marketing (MLM) is also a pyramid scheme.

Concept and basic models
A successful pyramid scheme combines a business that seems real with a simple-to-understand money-making description which is used for profit. The idea is that the first person, Mr. X, makes a payment. To get money, Mr. X has to recruit others like him who will also make a payment. Mr. X gets paid out of money received from those new people (recruits). The recruits go on to involve others. As each new recruit makes a payment, Mr. X gets a part. He is promised always increasing benefits as the "business" expands.
Such "businesses" do not have real products or services. To make them more believable, most such scams have fake letters from successful members and information. Only the first person (sometimes called the "pharaoh") and a very few at the top levels of the pyramid make a lot of money. The amounts get much smaller further down the pyramid. Someone at the bottom of the pyramid loses money. They paid to enter, but cannot get anyone else to join.

The "Eight-Ball" model

Recruiting a large number of others into a scheme can be difficult so a system is used that seems more simple. In this model each person must recruit only two others. However, a larger number of levels is needed before the person gets paid any money. The scheme requires a person to recruit two others, who must each recruit two others, who must each recruit two others.  

The "eight-ball" model contains a total of fifteen members. This scheme has been called the "Airplane Game" and the four tiers labelled as "captain," "co-pilot," "crew," and "passenger" to denote a person's level. 

Such schemes may hide their pyramid nature by calling themselves as "gifting circles" with money being "gifted." The eight passengers must each pay (or "gift") a sum (e.g. $1,000) to join the scheme. This total of $8,000 goes to the captain who leaves the scheme. Everyone remaining moves up one level. There are now two new captains so the group splits in two with each group requiring eight new passengers. A person who joins the scheme as a passenger will not get any money until they advance through the crew and co-pilot levels to captain. Therefore, the participants in the bottom 3 tiers of the pyramid lose their money if the scheme collapses. Popular schemes such as the "Women Empowering Women" do this.

See also
 Ponzi scheme: it is similar but not the same as pyramid scheme

Commercial crime
Marketing
The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales is a children's book by Jon Scieszka. It was published in 1992 by Viking. It is a collection of stories which make fun of famous children's stories and fairy tales, such as "Chicken Licken", "The Gingerbread Man" (changed to The Stinky Cheese Man of the title), "The Ugly Duckling", and others. It was illustrated by Lane Smith, who won the Caldecott Honor for his illustrations. This book also won the New York Times Best Illustrated Book award, among numerous awards in many countries.

The book was also re-released in a new edition in 2002 to celebrate its tenth anniversary. This new edition also included a story which had been listed in the Table of Contents of the previous editions, but had not appeared anywhere in the book. This story was printed on the back of the dust jacket.

1992 books
Children's books
Fairy tales
Collections of fairy tales
Palestine at the Olympics is a history which includes 5 games in 5 countries and 10+ athletes.  Since 1996, Palestine (PLE) has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

History
Palestine has been at the Summer Olympics since 1996.  Since 1986 Palestine is part of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA).  Palestine has not won any Olympic medals.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
  Palestine profile at London2012.com

Palestinian culture
Nations at the Olympics
The São Paulo Museum of Art is an art museum on Paulista Avenue in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The museum opened in 1968.

The São Paulo Museum of Art's collection includes the greatest names in international art history van Gogh, Francisco de Goya, Matisse, Picasso, Modigliani, Giuseppe Amisani, Marc Chagall, Max Ernst, Salvador Dalí, Joan Miró, Andy Warhol, El Greco, Diego Vélasquez, Mantegna, Bellini, Botticelli,  Giambattista Pittoni, Raphäel, Le Pérugin, Titien, Tintoretto, Guercino, Poussin, Manet, Degas, Cézanne, Monet, Renoir, Gauguin, Toulouse-Lautrec, Pierre Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Antoine Van Dyck.

Art museums
São Paulo
1968 establishments
1960s establishments in Brazil
Philippines at the Olympics is a history which includes 23 games in 16 countries and 370+ athletes.  Since 1911, the Philippines has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for the Philippines is PHI.

History
The Philippine National Olympic Committee was formed in 1911.  It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1929.

Philippines's team first competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.

The team did not compete in the 1980 Summer Olympics.

Filipino athletes have also been at the Winter Olympic Games  three times after 1972, but not since 1994. The Philippines is the first nation in the tropics to be in the Winter Olympic Games.

Medalists

Summer games

Summer Youth games

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Philippine Olympic Committee website
  Philippines profile at London2012.com

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
Robert Louis Stevenson was a Scottish novelist, essayist, poet and travel writer. He was born on 13 November 1850  and died on 3 December 1894.His parents were Thomas Stevenson, a and Margaret Isabella Balfour. He spent much of his childhood sick in bed with lung trouble. He studied law in Edinburgh University. But he turned his interest to writing. Some of his best known works are Treasure Island, Kidnapped and Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll.

Selected works
Treasure Island (1883)
A Child's Garden of Verses (1885)
The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886)
Kidnapped (1886)
The Black Arrow (1888)
The Master of Ballantrae (1889)
Island Nights' Entertainments (1893)

References

Scottish writers
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
1850 births
1894 deaths
Qatar at the Olympics is a history which includes 8 games in 7 countries and 100+ athletes. Since 1979, Oman has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Qatar is QAT.

History
The Qatar Olympic Committee was formed in 1979 and recognized by the IOC in 1980.

Teams from Qatar have taken part in the Summer Olympic Games but not the Winter Olympic Games.

After the 2008 Summer Olympics, Qatar was, along with Saudi Arabia and Brunei, one of only three countries to never send a female athlete to the Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee in 2010 said it would "press" these countries to have women's participate.  Then the Qatar Olympic Committee said it "hoped to send up to four female athletes in shooting and fencing" to the 2012 Summer Games in London.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
  Qatar profile at London2012.com
 "Qatar using black gold to tap into top performers", The Guardian, December 13, 2005 (on Olympic competitors from various countries switching to Qatari citizenship)
home page

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
The Westing Game is a mystery novel written by Ellen Raskin. It was published in 1978 and it won the Newbery Medal in 1979. It was made into a movie which was released in 1997. This movie was released under both the names The Westing Game and Get a Clue.

References

Other websites
 

1978 books
Children's books
Crime fiction books
Young adult novels
Newbery Medal winning books
The Selous' zebra (Equus quagga borensis) is one of the six subspecies of the plains zebra (Equus quagga). Selous' Zebra is a critically endangered species. These are often confused with the Damaraland zebras (Equus quagga antiquorum), and the Chapman Zebra (Equus quagga chapmani). The Selous' Zebra's belly is partly striped and they have clean black and white banding. They do not have the brown shadow stripes of the Chapman Zebra. 

Selous's Zebra lives in the northwest of Kenya, parts of Uganda, and the southeast of Sudan.

References

Equids
Mammals of Africa
Zebras
Saudi Arabia has been in eight Summer Olympic Games. They first were in the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany.  They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

By Saudi Arabian law, women cannot be in the Olympic Games. However, the International Olympic Committee is reportedly pressuring the Saudi Olympic Committee to send female athletes to the 2012 Summer Olympics.  Others want Saudi Arabia to not be in the Olympics unless they let women in.

The Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee was formed in 1964 and recognized in 1965.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
  Saudia Arabia profile at London2012.com

Sport in Saudi Arabia
Nations at the Olympics
Johannes Peter "Honus" Wagner (; February 24, 1874 – December 6, 1955 ) was an American Major League Baseball shortstop. He was nicknamed "The Flying Dutchman" because he was German and very fast. He played in the National League from 1897 to 1917. He played for the Louisville Colonels for two years, and then for the Pittsburgh Pirates for 17 years. Wagner won eight batting titles, the most in National League history. He held the league record for slugging percentage six times, and the record for stolen bases five times.

He was inducted (added to) the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936. He was one of the first five members of the hall of fame. He received the second-highest vote total to be added. Ty Cobb is the only person to get more votes. Babe Ruth tied with Wagner for second-highest.

Most historians think that Ty Cobb is the greatest player of the dead-ball era. But some think that Wagner was a better all-around player. Most baseball historians think that Wagner was the greatest shortstop ever. Cobb said that Wagner was "maybe the greatest star ever to take the diamond."

Early life 
Johannes Wagner was born on February 24, 1874 in the Chartiers neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. (Chartiers is now part of Carnegie, Pennsylvania.) His parents were Peter and Katheryn Wagner. His father was a coal miner and his mother was a housewife. Both of his parents were German immigrants.

Wagner was one of five children. His mother called him Hans as a child. This name evolved (change into over time) into Honus. When he was 12, Wagner dropped out of school to work in the coal mines with his father. In their free time, Honus and his brothers played sandlot baseball. They became so good that three of Honus's brothers also became professional baseball players.

Honus's older brother, Albert "Butts" Wagner, was a professional baseball player. In 1895, he was playing for the Inter-State League. He got Honus a tryout with the league.

In 1894, Honus married Bessie Baine Smith. They had three daughters: Elva Katrina (b. 1918), Betty Baine (b. 1919), and Virginia Mae (b. 1922).

Minor league career 
Honus started playing for the Inter-State League in 1895. He played for five different teams in his first year. The towns he played for were Steubenville, Akron, Mansfield, Adrian, and Warren.

Ed Barrow, a manager from the Atlantic League, saw Honus play. He convinced Honus to come play for the Paterson Silk Weavers of Paterson, New Jersey. In 1896, Wagner had a batting average of .313. In 1897, Wagner played 74 games and hit .375.

References

Other websites

1874 births
1955 deaths
American baseball players
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Major League Baseball players
Pittsburgh Pirates managers
Pittsburgh Pirates players
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
19th century baseball players
Klaipėda is a city in Lithuania. It is where the Nemunas River  flows into the Baltic Sea. Klaipėda is the third largest city in Lithuania and the capital of Klaipėda County. The German name of the city is Memel. Until 1920, this city was the northernmost city of the German Empire. 

The city's history is complicated. The Port of Klaipėda is important in the area. It is a usually ice-free port on the Baltic Sea. It has been controlled by the Teutonic Knights, the Duchy of Prussia, the Kingdom of Prussia, the German Empire, the Entente States, Lithuania, and the Third Reich. The city became part of Lithuania while it was a Soviet Socialist Republic. Klaipėda remained part of Lithuania after it again became independent state.

The population shrank from 207,100 in 1992 to 177,823 in 2011. Popular seaside resorts found close to Klaipėda are Nida to the south on the Curonian Spit, and Palanga to the north.

Sister cities and areas

Cities in Lithuania
Hınıs is a town in Erzurum district in east of Turkey. Over 30,000 people live there, mainly Kurdish.

Settlements in Turkey
Blackburn B-103 Buccaneer was made for the Royal Navy, the naval part of the United Kingdom´s armed forces. It was also by the Royal Air Force starting in 1968. That was the first airplane with some technical innovations like a system for increased buoyancy, a split rudder (which widens to be an air brake), and rotating magazine for nuclear or conventional weapons. After tests, this plane was selected and put in use by Royal Navy in 1962. This aircraft was retired in 1994. It was used in the 1991 Gulf War.

Technical data (Buccaneer S 2B)

Military aircraft
Southern is a train operating company in the south of England. They operate routes around the southeast such as London, Kent, West Sussex, East Sussex and more. It is a division of Govia.

References 

Train operating companies
Railway companies of the United Kingdom
Ann Lennox OBE (born 25 December 1954) is an Academy Award-winning Scottish pop-rock singer. She is best known for being the lead singer of the Eurythmics. Lennox has also released five albums on her own.

1954 births
Living people
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
British feminists
People from Aberdeen
Scottish pop singers
Scottish rock singers
Michael Sheard (born 18 June 1940 Aberdeen) is a Scottish actor. He as been in a many movies and television programmes.

Scottish movie actors
Scottish television actors
People from Aberdeen
1940 births
Sir John Steell (1804 - 1891) was a Scottish sculptor born in Aberdeen, but moved to Edinburgh at an early age. A number of the public statues there are by him including the one of the Duke of Wellington outside Register House and that of Sir Walter Scott at the Scott Monument.

1804 births
1891 deaths
British artists
People from Aberdeen
Knights Bachelor
Alexander Auldjo (October 21, 1758 – May 21, 1821) was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada.

Auldjo was born in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1758. He came to Montreal around 1778. He became a fur trader. Later he exported wheat and imported goods from England. In 1796, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Montreal West. He also became a Justice of the Peace. Auldjo was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel during the War of 1812. In 1817, he became a shareholder in the Bank of Montreal. His brother George was Lord Provost of Aberdeen.

1758 births
1821 deaths
People from Aberdeen
Neuromancer is a science fiction novel by William Gibson. It was published in 1984. It is an important book that started the cyberpunk genre. It was Gibson's first novel and the beginning of the Sprawl trilogy. Neuromancer was the first novel to win all three of the important awards in science fiction — the Nebula Award, the Philip K. Dick Award, and the Hugo Award.

Publication
Terry Carr asked Gibson to write the book for the third series of Ace Science Fiction Specials. This was a series for authors' first novels.

Other websites
 Neuromancer at the William Gibson Aleph, featuring cover art and adaptations
 Neuromancer at Worlds Without End
 
 Study Guide for William Gibson: Neuromancer (1984)  by Paul Brians of Washington State University
 Gibson on the influence of Blade Runner
 Neuromancer, reviewed by Ted Gioia (Conceptual Fiction)

1984 books
Science fiction books
Hugo Award winning books
American novels
English-language novels
Fantasy books
Nebula Awards
The Giver is a novel by Lois Lowry. It is science fiction. Bantam Books published the book in 1993. It won the Newbery Medal for excellence in American literature for children in 1994. The Giver has sold more than 5 million copies.

People have been complaining that the novel "The Giver" is unsuitable for children, simply because it is too dark. This is why the book has been often challenged.

The Giver is the first book in a quartet. Gathering Blue, Messenger, and Son are the books. 

1993 books
Children's books
Science fiction books
Newbery Medal winning books
Alex Rafael da Silva Antônio (born  1 January 1988 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian footballer. He plays for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga as striker.

Career
He started playing football in the youth teams of Corinthians São Paulo. In 2007, he went on to the local rival  Palmeiras. After the foundation of Red Bull Brasil, he played with this team and was promoted two times till they played in the Série A2, the second league in the province of São Paulo. In 2010, he played in the final of the Copa Paulista.

In 2011, he and his team mate Jefferson were invited to practice with FC Red Bull Salzburg in Austria. He played in test matches versus Bayer Leverkusen and Olympique Lyonnais. He could convince the coaches and so he signed with FC Red Bull Salzburg in Austrias Bundesliga.

Honours
 1x Champion Campeonato Paulista Série B (4th league): 2009
 1x Champion Campeonato Paulista Série A3 (3rd  league): 2010
 1x final Copa Paulista: 2010

Brazilian footballers
1988 births
Living people
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
The northern corroboree frog is one of two species of corroboree frog (Pseudophryne pengilleyi). The other is the southern corroboree frog.

The two frogs were believed to be the same. But in 1996 they were recognised as two different species. The northern corroboree frog is a very small black frog with either light green or yellow stripes. Unlike the southern species, these stripes are sometimes broken.

It lives in the subalpine areas of south eastern Australia, an area of about  including the Kosciusko National Park, Namadgi National Park, the Brindabella Mountains and the Fiery Ranges. 

The northern corroboree frog has not suffered as badly as the southern as it has a much larger habitat. It lives above above sea level and with higher population numbers at the lower level. It has recently been downgraded from critical to an endangered species by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

References

Frogs
Galaxy Science Fiction was an American science fiction magazine. It was published from 1950 to 1980.

Editors and authors
H. L. Gold was the first editor. He made Galaxy the leading science fiction magazine of its time. He published stories about social issues, not just technology. Gold published many well-known and important stories, including: Robert A. Heinlein's The Puppet Masters and Alfred Bester's The Demolished Man. He also published Ray Bradbury's "The Fireman", which later became the novel Fahrenheit 451.

By the late 1950s, Frederik Pohl was helping Gold with the magazine. When Gold became ill, Pohl became editor. He started officially at the end of 1961, but had been doing most of the editing for a while. Galaxy continued to be successful. Pohl often published fiction by important writers such as Cordwainer Smith, Jack Vance, Harlan Ellison, and Robert Silverberg. However, Pohl never won the annual Hugo Award for his work at Galaxy. He did win three Hugos for another magazine, If.  In 1969, Galaxy was sold to Universal Publishing and Distribution Corporation (UPD) and Pohl quit. Later editors included  Ejler Jakobsson and James Baen.

American magazines
Science fiction
The George Medal (GM) is the second highest civil award of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth. It ranks below the George Cross. It is only awarded for non-combat acts of bravery.

The GM was created on 24 September 1940 by King George VI.  At this time, during the height of The Blitz, there was a desire to reward acts of civilian courage. It was decided that the George Cross and the GM would recognise civilian bravery in the face of enemy action and brave deeds more widely.

Announcing the new award, the King said: 
"In order that they should be worthily and promptly recognised, I have decided to create, at once, a new mark of honour for men and women in all walks of civilian life. I propose to give my name to this new distinction, which will consist of the George Cross, which will rank next to the Victoria Cross, and the George Medal for wider distribution".

The Warrant for the GM was published in the London Gazette on 31 January 1941. The medal is granted in recognition of "acts of great bravery". The GM was originally not issued posthumously, but the warrant was amended in 1977 to allow posthumous awards, several of which have been subsequently made.

The medal is primarily a civilian award, but it may be awarded to military personnel for gallant conduct that is not in the face of the enemy. As the Warrant states:

"The Medal is intended primarily for civilians and award in Our military services is to be confined to actions for which purely military Honours are not normally granted".

Bars are awarded to the GM in recognition of the performance of further acts of bravery meriting the award. In undress uniform or on occasions when the medal ribbon alone is worn, a silver rosette is worn on the ribbon to indicate each bar.  Recipients are entitled to the postnominal letters GM.

The details of all awards to British and Commonwealth recipients are published in the London Gazette.

Related pages 
 Victoria Cross
 George Cross
 Elizabeth Cross

References 

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
The George Cross (GC) is the highest civil decoration of the United Kingdom, and many other countries of the Commonwealth of Nations. The GC is the civilian counterpart of the Victoria Cross (VC). It is the highest gallantry award for civilians. Also, it may be awarded to military personnel in actions not in the face of the enemy or for which purely military honours would not normally be granted.

Living holders of the George Cross
The list of living holders of the George Cross is small.
 This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 John Bamford, GC
 James Beaton, GC, CVO
 Arthur Butson, GC
 Matt Croucher, GC
 Christopher Finney, GC
 Henry Flintoff, GC
 Anthony Gledhill, GC
 John Gregson, GC
 Kim Hughes, GC
 Barry Johnson, GC
 Derek Kinne, GC
 Alfred Lowe, GC
 Peter Norton, GC
 Michael Pratt, GC
 Margaret Purves, GC
 Awang Anak Raweng, GC
 Samuel Shephard, GC
 Henry Stevens, GC
 Carl Walker, GC
 Ernie Wooding, GC

Related pages 
 Victoria Cross
 George Medal
 Elizabeth Cross
Flag of Malta

References 
4. George Cross Encyclopaedia, by Marion Hebblethwaite, comprehensive illustrated bibliographies of all recipients, 2021
Land Rover is a brand of the British Jaguar Land Rover company. The brand is used on cars (SUV's). Land Rover vehicles are supplied to the British Army. The original Land Rover car dates back to 1948, and was designed by Maurice Wilks.

As of 2021, the Land Rover brand is used on seven ranges of vehicle: the Defender, Discovery, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque, Range Rover Sport, Range Rover, and Range Rover Velar.

Other websites

British automobile companies
QWOP is a Flash game created by Bennett Foddy and released on the Internet in 2008 to his website called "Foddy.net". Players play as an athlete named "Qwop", who is participating in a 100-meter sprint event at the Olympic Games. Using only the Q, W, O and P keys, players must control the movement of the legs to make the character move forward. When the player has successfully reached 50 meters they must jump a hurdle, and at 100 meters the player is encouraged to perform a long jump, although simply passing the finish line is sufficient to complete the game. 

The game has been criticized for being too hard to get good at. In early December 2010, the game had a viral popularity outbreak after video blogger Ray William Johnson reviewed a YouTube video that annotates the game, becoming the subject of an Internet meme. Despite this, the game helped Foddy’s site reach 30 million views. After the success of the game, Foddy created another flash game called "GIRP", which was released on his site in 2011.

References

Other websites 
 QWOP website
 GIRP website

Online games
His Highness Karīm al-Ḥussayni Shah, Aga Khan IV KBE (born 13 December 1936) is the 49th and current Imam of the Shia  Ismaili Muslims.

He has held this position under the title of Aga Khan since 11 July 1957, when, at the age of 20, he succeeded his grandfather, Sir Sultan Mahomed Shah Aga Khan. He is responsible for the interpretation of the faith for his followers and helps to improve the quality of their lives and communities.

Unlike his grandfather, the present Aga Khan's higher education was in the United States at Harvard University. His children have also been educated in the U.S.

Since he became imam, the Aga Khan has followed the political and economic changes which have affected his followers. These events included the independence of African countries from colonial rule, the expulsion of Asians from Uganda, the independence of Central Asian countries such as Tajikistan from the former Soviet Union and the continuous turmoil in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

The Aga Khan is interested in the elimination of global poverty; the advancement of women; the promotion of Islamic culture, art, and architecture; and promoting pluralistic values in society. He is the founder and chairman of the Aga Khan Development Network, one of the largest private development networks in the world. This works for the environment, health, education, architecture, culture, microfinance, rural development, and disaster reduction. Goals include promotion of private-sector enterprise and the revitalisation of historic cities.

During his visit to India in 1983, the Aga Khan said,

The Aga Khan has been married twice, and has four children. His main residence is a vast walled compound and chateau, the Aiglemont estate near Chantilly, France. His Highness has many awards. Especially notable are the Nishan-e-Pakistan, Pakistan's highest civil award (1983), and the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. The Aga Khan is the first Muslim to receive this honour (1977).

References 

1936 births
Living people
British businesspeople
British Muslims
Harvard University alumni
Quran reciters
Imams