This is a list of famous mathematicians.

Australia
Lily Serna, television presenter on Letters and Numbers (en)
Terence Tao

Azerbaijan
Jalal Allakhverdiyev, member of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (later called the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences); Mathematics; died in 2017

Brazil
Elon Lages Lima, got the award, the Prêmio Jabuti, twice; died in 2017

Bulgaria
Lyubomir Ivanov, got the award, Acad. Nikola Obreshkov Prize, the highest Bulgarian award in mathematics.

Chile
Nicanor Parra, got the Cervantes Prize, the most important literary prize in the Spanish-speaking world

China

Sun Tzu, also known as Sun Zi, known for authoring Sun Tzu Suan Ching (pinyin: Sun Zi Suan Jing; literally, "Sun Tzu's Calculation Classic"), which contains the Chinese remainder theorem.
Wu Wenjun, known for the Wu class and the Wu formula are named after him.  In the field of automated theorem proving, he is known for Wu's method; died in 2017

Zhang Heng, made the first seismometer; Astronomy, engineering, meteorology, geology, philosophy, and mathematics; died in 139 A.D.

Croatia
Roger Joseph Boscovich, maker of a precursor of atomic theory; made the first geometric procedure for finding out the equator of a rotating planet from three observations of a surface feature and for computing the orbit of a planet from three observations of its position; discoverer of the absence of atmosphere on the Moon; he was from a city in what later became Croatia; died in 1787

Czechia
Petr Vopěnka, he developed Alternative set theory; died in 2015

Egypt
 Euclid of Alexandria, known for Euclidean geometry, Euclid's Elements, Euclidean algorithm; died in the middle of 3rd century BC

Finland
 Lars Ahlfors, known for his work of complex analysis

France

 Jacqueline Naze Tjøtta, the first female mathematical sciences professor in Norway; Applied mathematics, she died in 2017
 Sophie Germain

Germany

 Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi

Great Britain

England
 Charles Babbage, credited with inventing the first mechanical computer (or analytical engine); died in 1871

 Alan Turing, he was important in the development of theoretical computer science, and is known for the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general purpose computer; died in 1954
Andrew Wiles, proved Fermat's Last Theorem; his field is Number theory
Lucy Joan Slater, her field is mathematical functions
James H. Wilkinson, his field is numerical analysis

Greek
 Eratosthenes
 Euclid
 Pythagoras

Hungary
Paul Erdős, published around 1,500 mathematical papers during his lifetime, a figure that remains unsurpassed; died 1996
 Peter Lax (American mathematician born in Hungary)

India
 Srinivasa Ramanujan

Italy
 Gerolamo Cardano, he invented - partially - the gimbal consisting of three concentric rings allowing a supported compass or gyroscope to rotate freely, and the Cardan shaft; died in 1576

Iran
 Maryam Mirzakhani - first woman to receive the Fields Medal; she died in 2017

Japan
 Goro Shimura - expert of number theory
 Hiroshi Umemura - former professor at Nagoya University
 Kiyoshi Oka - former professor at Kyoto University
 Kyuya Masuda
 Masaaki Sugihara - former professor at the University of Tokyo
 Masao Iri
 Masatake Mori
 Ryogo Hirota - former professor at Waseda University
 Shinichi Oishi

Morocco
Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi, wrote Meknes's history and a commentary to the treatise of Ibn al-Banna; a work that explained the mentioned work, was named ["The desire of students for an explanation of the calculator's craving"] Bughyat al-tulab fi sharh munyat al-hussab (including, arithmetic and algebraic methods. died in 1513

Norway
Niels Henrik Abel, did the first complete proof demonstrating the impossibility of solving the general quintic equation (en) in radicals; died in 1829

Romania
Solomon Marcus, recognised as an initiator of (, or one of the people that started) mathematical linguistics, and mathematical poetics; also a semiotician, he died in 2016

Russia

 Israel Gelfand
 Leonid Kantorovich
 Marina Ratner
 Sofya Kovalevskaya
 Vladimir Arnold

Switzerland
 Leonhard Euler, was the first to show the notion of (or idea about), a mathematical function;  died in 1783

Syria
Al-Battani, known for showing several relations within trigonometry; he lived and worked in a city that now belongs to Syria; died in 929

Ukraine
Leonid Plyushch, died in 2015

Related pages
 List of mathematics topics
 List of scientists
 Mathematics
 Timeline of women in mathematics

Further reading

 

Lists of scientists