cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Allied Powers of World War I were the countries who fought against the Central Powers in World War I. Major countries included the British Empire, France, the Russian Empire, the United States, Italy, and Japan. Most of these countries would fight alongside each other again in World War II, except that Italy and Japan would fight alongside Germany instead.

The Allied Powers in Europe were already allies before the war began. Serbia was an ally of Russia, and Russia was an ally of Britain and France. The war started because the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia in 1914, which led to a chain reaction of countries declaring war on each other.

At first, the United States was neutral, it was not part of either side. However, after several acts made by Germany against the US, the US declared war on Germany in 1917 and would fight for the Allied Powers.

Russia's campaign against the Central Powers went very poorly. Many Russian soldiers were poorly equipped and trained, many Russians were killed, and poverty and starvation became worse problems than before. Many Russians blamed Czar Nicholas II's poor leadership for Russia's problems, so he was overthrown and sent to exile. The Russian Provisional Government who replaced him also made many Russians upset because they promised that Russia would continue fighting the war. After the March Revolution that overthrew the Czar, communist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin made a deal with Germany. The deal was that he would stop the fighting between Russia and Germany if they sent him to Russia to overthrow the government. Lenin's slogan for his communist government was "peace, land, and bread". This meant that the communist government promised no more fighting in the war, land redistribution so that everyone in Russia could have an equal amount of property, and that food would be plentiful. After the Communist Party took over Russia in the October Revolution, they fulfilled their promise to Germany and ended Russia's fighting in the war.

In World War II, Italy would join Germany in the Axis Powers because its leader, Benito Mussolini, had a similar ideology to Nazism. Japan was disappointed with the end of World War I because it did not gain as much as it wanted. Japan would also join the Axis Powers because it thought it would help the Japanese Empire grow faster than if it did with the Allies.

World War I
The Ottawa Dragon Boat festival is held every year in Ottawa,  the National capital of Canada. The festival was founded in 1993. In 2019 the festival had 200 teams competing. The  festival lasts for four days and offers  free admission to concerts, amusement attractions, sports demonstrations,  artisans, exhibitors,  culinary treats, children’s area and non-stop dragon  boat racing.

The Festival is made possible through Celebrate Ontario and the City of Ottawa Partnership Program.

References

Other websites
 http://www.dragonboat.net/info/about.aspx

festival
Festivals in Canada
China
1993 establishments in Canada
The Tower of Babel (, Migdal Bavel) story in Genesis 11:1–9 is an origin myth meant to explain why the world's peoples speak different languages.

According to the story, a united humanity in the generations following the Great Flood, speaking a single language and migrating westward, comes to the land of Shinar (). There they agree to build a city and a tower tall enough to reach heaven. God, observing their city and tower, felt and insulted and confused the humans so that they can no longer understand each other. He then scatters them around the world.

Some modern scholars have associated the Tower of Babel with known structures, notably the Etemenanki, a ziggurat dedicated to the Mesopotamian god Marduk in Babylon. A Sumerian story with some similar elements is told in Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta.

Citations 

Old Testament
The phonology of Standard German is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language. It deals with current phonology and phonetics as well as with historical developments thereof as well as the geographical variants and the influence of German dialects.

Vowels

Single vowels

Vowel combos

Consonants 
German has 25 phonemes, which is average among other languages. One of its more unique sounds is the unusual affricate .

Ich-Laut and ach-Laut 
'' is the voiceless palatal fricative  (found in the word   'I'), and  is the voiceless velar fricative  (as in   the interjection 'oh', 'alas').   is the German word for 'sound, phone'. 

In German, these two sounds are allophones occurring in complementary distribution. The allophone  occurs after back vowels and  (for instance in   'book'), the allophone  after front vowels (for instance in   'me/myself') and consonants (for instance in   'fear',   'sometimes'). (This happens most regularly: if the  in  is pronounced as a consonant,  represents ; however if, as often happens, it is vocalized as , resembling the vowel , then  may represent , yielding .)

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Listen to the pronunciation of German first names

German language
The Abyssinia Crisis happened in 1935. It started with the Walwal incident, a conflict between the Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Ethiopia (then commonly known as "Abyssinia"). The League of Nations said Italy could not intervene and voted to punish Italy's economy. But the League did not follow through, and Italy quit the League, made special deals with Britain and France and invaded Abyssinia. The crisis made the League look bad, and made Fascist Italy closer friends with Nazi Germany.

Both Italy and Ethiopia did not like each other. The League of Nations said:At places where there is not a single Italian national, a consul establishes himself in an area known as consular territory with a guard of about ninety men, for whom he claims jurisdictional immunity. This is an obvious abuse of consular privileges. The abuse is all the greater that the consul's duties, apart from the supplying of information of a military character, take the form of assembling stocks of arms, which constitute a threat to the peace of the country, whether from the internal or the international point of view.

Related pages 
 Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1929
 Munich Crisis of 1938

Notes 

 Footnotes

Further reading 
 Baer, George W. Test Case: Italy, Ethiopia, and the League of Nations (1976).
 
 Corthorn, Paul Steven. "The British labour party and the League of Nations 1933-5" (PhD disst. Durham University, 1999). online.
 Fronczak, Joseph. "Local People’s Global Politics: A Transnational History of the Hands Off Ethiopia Movement of 1935" Diplomatic History (2014): 
 Kent, Peter G. "Between Rome and London: Pius XI, the Catholic Church, and the Abyssinian Crisis of 1935–1936." International History Review 11#2 (1989): 252–271.
 
 
 
 
 Post Jr, Gaines. "The Machinery of British Policy in the Ethiopian Crisis." International History Review 1#4 (1979): 522–541.
 Strang, G. Bruce. "'The Worst of all Worlds:' Oil Sanctions and Italy's Invasion of Abyssinia, 1935–1936." Diplomacy and Statecraft 19.2 (2008): 210–235.

Other websites 
 
 Ethiopia 1935 to 1936

20th century in Italy
History of Italy
History of the United Kingdom
World War II
Upper Canada is an old British name for the Canadian province of Ontario.

References 

1790s in North America
1791 establishments
1841 disestablishments
19th century in North America
British Empire
Colonialism
Former British colonies
Former countries in North America
History of Canada
Ontario
Provinces and territories of Canada
Regions of Canada
The Province of Lower Canada was a British colony in Canada. It included Labrador and the southern part of Quebec. It was created in 1791 when Britain split Quebec into two provinces. It was merged in 1841 with the rest of Quebec to form the Province of Canada.

References 

Historical territories of Canada
British Empire
1790s establishments in North America
1791 establishments
19th-century disestablishments in North America
1841 disestablishments
David Peck is an American business executive, consultant, writer and public speaker, who is active at the intersection of cannabis and E-commerce sectors.

He attained a Bachelor's Degree in Psychology from Brown University, Rhode Island in 2003. He is the co-founder of Ivy Film Festival, hosted annually on the campus of Brown University.

He went on to help start the Ask a Ninja YouTube show.

In 2013, he founded Sock Panda, a company which donates socks to those in need with every purchase. As of December 2017 the company has donated nearly 100,000 socks to homeless shelters, low income senior centers, hospitals, and under-privileged classrooms throughout the United States.

He attained the Master of Business Administration from USC Marshall School of Business, California in 2014.

On April 2017, he joined High Times to serve as Vice President of Business Development

References 

Pages created with the Article Wizard from 2019
The Jimi system () is a way to organize the government to rule over far-away foreign lands. It uses barbarians to rule over barbarians or the people you conquered to rule over the people you conquered. 

It was used in China between the 7th century and 10th century. It was used during the Tang Dynasty from 650s-740s. It was also used in the Song, Mongol Yuan, Ming dynasties. But then it was also called the Tusi system (). It ended around 1726. Then the Qing dynasty created a new system.

Origin of term 
The term "Jimi" was first seen in the annotation of Shiji quoted by Sima Zhen in a book from the Eastern Han era. It means that a man uses a reign to lead a horse. 

Jimi roughly translates as "loose reigns". It was an indirect way to rule over people.

It is also known as Jimi fuzhou () or the loose-control administrative units, they were not commonly confused with Zhengzhou () or the regular administrative units.

What is it? 
China back then often conquered foreign lands. For example when China would conquer barbarians in the north, it would gain a lot of land. How does China govern so much land? They needed a way to govern these foreigners (or "barbarians"). 

China tells one of the barbarians they conquered to rule over the land for them. That ruler would have to follow orders from China, pay money, and help with China's military. This is Jimi. 

The jimi ruler would received instructions from the central authorities in China. They would pass their power to their first sons. 

Each year they would pay money to China (tribute). They helped with China's military.

There were three levels: the command (, like the central government), prefecture (, like a state) and county (). Together these were known as jimi fuzhou.

Examples 
The Tang conquered the Gokturks and made two jimi governments (duhufu 都護府) in 658. They were around the Tarbagatai Mountains and Lake Balkhash. Sometimes the term was applied to military camps created within Tang China.

Notes

References 
 Zhou, Weiyan, "Jimizhou" . Encyclopedia of China, 1st ed.
 Yuan, Bolan, Min, Shenglan and Huang, Li. "Tang Song Minzu Zhengce Jimi Wenti Zhi Bijiao Yanjiu" ("Ethnic Policy of the Tang and Song Dynasties, A Comparative Study on the Question  of Jimi") . Journal of Northwest University for Nationalities. 2004.5. ISSN 1001-5140.
 Liu, Tong (1998). The Study of Tang Dynasty's Jimifuzhou. Xi'an: Northwest University Press. .
 Tian, Suisheng et al. (1994). A Comprehensive Knowledge of Local Government. Beijing: China's Archives Press. .
 Zhang, Youjun et al. (1992). General Discussion of Ethnic Policy in China. Nanming: Guangxi Education Press. .

Other websites 
 The Tang Dynasty's Domination Strategy towards the Korean Peninsula in the Mid-7th Century

History of China
In astronomy, a Julian year (symbol: a) is a unit to measure time. It has exactly 365 days of 86,400 seconds each.<ref name=explanatory>P. Kenneth Seidelmann, ed., [https://books.google.com/books/?id=uJ4JhGJANb4C&pg=PA696 The explanatory supplement to the Astronomical Almanac], (Mill Valley, Cal.: University Science Books, 1992), pp. 8, 696, 698-9, 704, 716, 730.</ref> Reprinted from the "IAU Style Manual" by G.A. Wilkinson, Comm. 5, in IAU Transactions XXB (1987). That is the average length of the year in the Julian calendar used in Western societies in previous centuries, and for which the unit is named. Nevertheless, because a Julian year measures duration rather than designates date, the Julian year does not correspond to years in the Julian calendar or any other calendar. Nor does it correspond to the many other ways of defining a year (for which, see Year''). It is also not connected to the Julian day used in astronomy.

References 

Units of time
is a genre of Japanese manga, anime, light novel, video game, etc. It has character(s) who go into a different world.

The types of Isekai 
There are mainly two ways for the character(s) to go to a different world.  

One is . In some stories, the character goes to the different world keeping their memory. But there are also stories that the character remembers their previous life after being grown up. 

The other is . The way of moving to a different world is different between stories. For example, the character may suddenly move to a different world, or be made to move to a different world by somebody like god.

Examples 
Anime that are regarded as Isekai include Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World, That Time I Got Reincarnated as a Slime, Overlord, No Game No Life, Log Horizon, etc.

There is some debate as to whether some anime such as Sword Art Online. In this anime, the protagonist goes into a virtual world and eventually get out.

Anime
Anime and manga terms
Fantasy
Fiction genres
Manga
Movie genres
Television genres
Anime and manga genres
The Greek government-debt crisis happened after the financial crisis of 2007–08. In Greece it is known as The Crisis (Greek: Η Κρίση). It started with sudden  reforms and austerity measures. But this made people poor and lose money and land. 

The Greek economy is in the longest recession of any advanced capitalist economy to date. It is even longer than the US Great Depression. Many well-educated Greeks left the country.

A trade deficit means that a country is buying more than it produces, so it has to borrow from others. Both the Greek trade deficit and budget deficit rose from below 5% of GDP in 1999 to peak around 15% of GDP in the 2008–2009 periods. Greece was perceived as a higher credit risk alone than it was as a member of the Eurozone. Thus investors felt the EU would help out Greece.

Reports in 2009 of Greek government disorganization increased borrowing costs. Greece could no longer borrow to finance its trade and budget deficits at an affordable cost.

The Great Recession 
The Greek crisis was triggered by the Great Recession, which led the budget deficits of several Western nations to reach or exceed 10% of GDP. Greece had high budget deficit (10.2%  and 15.1% of GDP in 2008 and 2009, respectively). But at the same time it had high public debt to GDP ratio. Greece appeared to lose control of this ratio, which already reached 127% of GDP in 2009. Being a member of the Eurozone, the country had essentially no autonomous monetary policy flexibility.

Internal factors 
In January 2010, the Greek Ministry of Finance published the Stability and Growth Program 2010. The report listed five main causes: poor GDP growth, government debt and deficits, budget compliance and data credibility. Causes found by others included excess government spending, current account deficits, tax avoidance and tax evasion.

Bibliography 

 
 .
 .
 .
 
 
 
 
 .
 .
 .
 .

References 

Financial crises
Pages using deprecated image syntax
European Union
Politics of Greece
Austerity measures (political-economics) are government actions that try to reduce government budget deficits. They do this by spending less, increasing tax, both, or some other clever ways.

Austerity measures are used by governments that find it difficult to pay their debts. The measures are meant to reduce the budget deficit by bringing government revenue closer to spending.

In most macroeconomic models, austerity policies generally increase unemployment as government spending falls. Decreased government spending reduces public and maybe private employment. Also, tax increases can reduce consumption by cutting household disposable income. Some say that reducing spending may result in a higher debt-to-GDP ratio because government expenditure itself is a part of GDP.

For example, after the Great Recession, austerity measures in many European countries were followed by increasing unemployment and debt-to-GDP ratios despite smaller budget deficits. When an economy is operating at or near capacity, higher short-term deficit spending (stimulus) can cause interest rates to rise. This results in a reduction in private investment. This then reduces economic growth. Where there is excess capacity, the stimulus can result in an increase in employment and output.

Related pages 
 Functional finance
 Neoliberalism
 Planned shrinkage
 Trickle-down economics

References

Other websites 
 The Austerity Zone: Life in the New Europe – videos by The New York Times
 Socialist Studies Special Edition on Austerity (2011)
 Panic-driven austerity in the Eurozone and its implications Paul De Grauwe, Yuemei Ji, 21 February 2013
 NYT Review of Books – Paul Krugman – How the Case for Austerity Has Crumbled – June 2013
 IMF Working Paper-Olivier Blanchard and Daniel Leigh-Growth Forecast Errors and Fiscal Multipliers-January 2013
 How Austerity Kills. The New York Times. 12 May 2013.
 The Austerity Delusion; Why a Bad Idea Won Over the West May/June 2013 Foreign Affairs
 Video: Richard Koo debates Kenneth Rogoff about the need for austerity, Institute for New Economic Thinking inaugural conference, 22 April 2010
 "Debt may be 'Schuld' in German, but it's 'belief' in Italian and 'faith' in English" Interview with Mark Blyth Science Portal L.I.S.A., 26 January 2015
 Austerity’s Greek Death Toll: Study Connects Strict Measures to Rise in Suicides. Truthdig. 4 February 2015.
 Hundreds of mental health experts issue rallying call against austerity. The Guardian. 17 April 2015.
 Juice Rap News (April 2015). The EuroDivision Contest, a satire/parody of austerity
 Is austerity the new normal? A look at Greece and France, Tony Cross
 Life Under Austerity. Jacobin. 12 July 2015.
 Austerity policies do more harm than good, IMF study concludes. The Guardian. 27 May 2016.
 When left-leaning parties support austerity, their voters start to embrace the far right. The Washington Post. November 20, 2018

Macroeconomics
Lawrence University is a four-year college in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States. It was founded in 1847.  It is a private school not affiliated with any church. In addition to the men's and women's liberal arts colleges, Lawrence has a Conservatory of Music.  In 2018 there were 1,472 students in the university. Of these, 13% were foreign students from  over 45 countries.  There were 405 faculty members (76% were full time).

Degrees granted
Lawrence University grants two four-year degrees: B.A. and B.Mus.  It also grants a five-year combined B.A./B.Mus. degree.

Affiliation
The university is a member of the Associated Colleges of the Midwest (ACM), which has off-campus programs in the United States and many other countries. Students from Lawrence and the other member schools may take part in these programs.

Lawrence has been a member of the Midwest Conference sports league since it began in 1921.

Costs
One year's tuition and fees are $47,475.  Room and board are $10,341.

Accreditation
The University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. The Conservatory of Music is an accredited institutional member of the National Association of Schools of Music.

References

Other websites

 

1840s establishments in Wisconsin Territory
1847 establishments in the United States
Colleges and universities in Wisconsin
Ford County (county code FO) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 33,848 people lived there. Its county seat is Dodge City. Dodge City is also the biggest city in Ford County. The county is named after Colonel James Hobart Ford.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.07%) is water.

People

The Dodge City Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Ford County.

The 2010 census says that there were 33,848 people, 10,852 households, and 7,856 families living in Ford County. 75.3% of the people were White, 2.1% were Black or African American, 1.0% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 17.8% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 51.2% of the population.

Government

Presidential elections
Ford County has been strongly Republican for most of its history, especially in recent elections. Only eight Democratic presidential candidates from 1888 to the present day have won the county. The most recent winner being Jimmy Carter in 1976.

Laws

Ford County was a prohibition, or "dry", county until the Kansas Constitution was changed in 1986. The changed allowed liquor to be sold.

References

Kansas counties
1867 establishments in Kansas
Riley County (standard abbreviation: RL) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 71,115 people lived there. The biggest city is Manhattan. Manhattan is also the county seat.

Two of Kansas' biggest employers are in Riley County: Fort Riley and Kansas State University.

History
On May 30, 1879, the "Irving, Kansas Tornado" started in Riley County. This tornado was believed to have been an F4 on the Fujita scale. The damage path of it was  wide and  long. Eighteen people were killed. Sixty people were injured.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (2.0%) is water.

The county is in the Flint Hills region of Kansas.

People

Riley County is part of the Manhattan, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area. Millennials make up 53.6% of the population of Riley County. It is one of the highest rates in the United States.

Government

Presidential elections

Riley County is the only county in Kansas without an elected sheriff. The county police department handles all the Sheriff’s responsibilities.

Education

Colleges and universities
 Kansas State University
 Manhattan Christian College
 Manhattan Area Technical College

Unified school districts
 Riley County USD 378
 Manhattan-Ogden USD 383
 Manhattan High School
 Blue Valley USD 384

Places

Cities
 Leonardville
 Manhattan, also partly in Pottawatomie County
 Ogden
 Randolph
 Riley

Fort Riley
Fort Riley Military Reservation covers  in Geary and Riley counties. It is north of the junction of the Smoky Hill and Republican rivers in Geary County.  25,000 people are in the fort during the day. It includes a census-designated place:
 Fort Riley (formerly "Fort Riley North")

References

Other websites

County
 
 Riley County - Directory of Public Officials
Historical
 The Irving, KS Tornado
 Riley County Kansas AHGP
Maps
 Riley County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Riley County Maps:  (historical Township and place maps)
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Kansas counties
1855 establishments in Kansas Territory
The Election Commission of India held indirect 2nd presidential elections of India on May 6, 1957. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his re-election with 459,698 votes over his rivals Chowdhry Hari Ramwho got 2,672 votes and Nagendra Narayan Das who got 2,000 votes. Rajendra Prasad, has been the only person, to have won and served two terms, as President of India.

1950s in Asia
1957
Presidential elections in India
Geary County (county code GE) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 34,362 people lived there. Its county seat and most populous city is Junction City. The county is named after Governor John W. Geary.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (4.9%) is water. It is the second-smallest county in Kansas by land area. It is the third-smallest by total area.

People

Geary County is in the Junction City, KS Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is included in the Manhattan-Junction City, KS Combined Statistical Area.

Government

Presidential elections

Laws
Geary County was a prohibition, or "dry", county until the Kansas Constitution was amended in 1986 and voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with a 30% food sales requirement.  The food sales requirement was removed with voter approval in 1990.

Education

Unified school districts
 Geary County USD 475
Geary is one of the few Kansas counties where a single school district serves the entire county.

Communities

Cities
 Grandview Plaza
 Junction City
 Milford

Unincorporated community
 Wreford

Ghost towns
 Alida, razed when Milford Lake was built

Fort Riley
Located north of the junction of the Smoky Hill and Republican rivers, the Fort Riley Military Reservation covers  in Geary and Riley counties.  The fort has a daytime population of nearly 25,000 and includes one census-designated place:
 Fort Riley (formerly Fort Riley North), primarily in Riley County

Townships
Geary County is divided into eight townships.  The city of Junction City is considered governmentally independent and is excluded from the census figures for the townships.  In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.

References

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Geary County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 42 pages; 1909.

Other websites

County
 
 Geary County - Directory of Public Officials
Other
 Junction City and Geary County Economic Development
 Geary County Convention and Visitors Bureau
 Fort Riley
Historical
 Geary County Kansas AHGP
Maps
 Geary County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Kansas counties
1855 establishments in Kansas Territory
Platte County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 census, 8,667 people lived there. Its county seat is Wheatland.

History 
Platte County was created on February 21, 1911. The county was named for the North Platte River, which flows through the northeastern part of the county.

Geography 
According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (1.3%) is water. It is the third-smallest county in Wyoming by area.

Bordering counties 

 Niobrara County (northeast)
 Goshen County (east)
 Laramie County (south)
 Albany County (west)
 Converse County (northwest)

Communities

Towns 

 Chugwater
 Glendo
 Guernsey
 Hartville
 Wheatland (county seat)

Census-designated places 

 Chugcreek
 Lakeview North
 Slater
 Westview Circle
 Y-O Ranch
 Whiting

Unincorporated communities 

 Bordeaux
 Diamond
 Dwyer
 Dwyer Junction
 Uva
 Wendover

Ghost towns 
 Sunrise

References

Other websites 

 Platte County, Wyoming official website

1911 establishments in Wyoming
Wyoming counties
Atchison County (county code AT) is a county in northeastern Kansas, in the Central United States. In 2010, 16,924 people lived there. Its county seat is Atchison. Atchison is also the biggest city in the count.  The county is named after David Rice Atchison, a United States Senator from Missouri.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.6%) is water. It is the fourth-smallest county by area in Kansas.

On July 4, 1804, to mark Independence Day, the Lewis and Clark Expedition named Independence Creek near the city of Atchison (see Timeline of the Lewis and Clark Expedition).

Major highways
Sources:  National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau
 U.S. Route 59
 U.S. Route 73
 U.S. Route 159
 Kansas Highway 7
 Kansas Highway 9
 Kansas Highway 116

People

  

Atchison County is in the Atchison, KS Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is also included in the Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS Combined Statistical Area.

Government

Presidential elections
Atchison County has been a swing county for most of its history. It has had multiple extended streaks of being a bellwether county, the first  running from 1896 to 1936. After voting more Republican than the nation in the 1940s & voting for losing candidate Richard Nixon in 1960, another bellwether streak ran from 1964 to 2004. Since then, the county has become significantly more Republican, with Barack Obama failing to win the county in both of his victories & Hillary Clinton losing it by over 30 percent to Donald Trump in 2016.

Education

Unified school districts
 Atchison County Community USD 377 (Web site)
 Atchison USD 409 (Web site)

Communities

Cities
Atchison
Effingham
Huron
Lancaster
Muscotah

References

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Atchison County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 40 pages; 1903.

Other websites

Official sites
 
 Atchison County - Directory of Public Officials
 Atchison County - Chamber of Commerce
Historical
 Atchison County - History, Kansas State Historical Society
 Atchison County - Historical Society
Maps
 Atchison County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1855 establishments in Kansas Territory
Sweetwater County is a county in southwestern Wyoming, United States. As of the 2010 census, 43,806 people lived there. Its county seat is Green River. Its southern boundary line abuts the north lines of the states of Colorado and Utah.

History 
Sweetwater County was created on December 17, 1867.

Geography 
According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.6%) is water. It is the largest county in Wyoming by area.

Bordering counties 

 Fremont County (north)
 Carbon County (east)
 Moffat County, Colorado (south)
 Daggett County, Utah (southwest)
 Summit County, Utah (west-southwest)
 Uinta County (southwest)
 Lincoln County (west)
 Sublette County (northwest)

Communities

Cities 
 Green River (county seat)
 Rock Springs

Towns 

 Bairoil
 Granger
 Superior
 Wamsutter

Census-designated places 

 Arrowhead Springs
 Clearview Acres
 Eden
 Farson
 James Town
 Little America
 McKinnon
 North Rock Springs
 Point of Rocks
 Purple Sage
 Reliance
 Sweeney Ranch
 Table Rock
 Washam

Other unincorporated communities 

 Blairtown
 Creston
 Quealy
 Red Desert
 Riner

Ghost towns 

 Bryan
 Linwood (mostly within the State of Utah)
 Table Rock
 Winton

References

Other websites 

 

1860s establishments in Wyoming Territory
1867 establishments in the United States
Wyoming counties
Cherokee County (county code CK) is a U.S. county in Southeast Kansas. In 2010 census, 21,603 people lived there. Its county seat is Columbus. The biggest city in Cherokee County is Baxter Springs. Baxter Springs became the first "cow town" in Kansas during the 1870s and the period of cattle drives.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (0.6%) is water.

Major highways
Sources:  National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau

 U.S. Route 66 (decommissioned)
 U.S. Route 69
 U.S. Route 160
 U.S. Route 166
 Kansas Highway 7
 Kansas Highway 26
 Kansas Highway 57
 Kansas Highway 66 (successor to the decommissioned US 66)
 Kansas Highway 96
 Kansas Highway 102

People

Government

Presidential elections
For most of its history, Cherokee County had more of a Democratic lean in presidential elections than the rest of the state, particularly before 1968. Since then, its only voted for Democratic candidates twice in 1976 & 1992, when it was their second & fourth best county in the state, respectively. From 1996 on, the county has swung powerfully Republican similar to the rest of Southeast Kansas, with Hillary Clinton posted the worst percentage for a Democratic candidate ever at only 23.3%.

Communities

Cities
Baxter Springs
Columbus
Galena
Oswego (mostly in Labette County)
Roseland
Scammon
Weir
West Mineral

Ghost town
 Treece, officially disincorporated in 2012 by the state of Kansas

References

Notes

Other websites

County
 
 Cherokee County - Directory of Public Officials
Historical
 "Mined Lands" video
Maps
 Cherokee County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1860 establishments in Kansas Territory
Henrietta is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Clay County.

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Pottawatomie County (standard abbreviation: PT) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 21,604 people lived there. The county seat is Westmoreland. The county is named after the Potawatomi group of Native Americans.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that  is land and  (2.4%) is water.

People

Pottawatomie County is part of the Manhattan Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Government

Presidential elections

Pottawatomie County is very Republican. The only Democratic Presidential candidate to get a majority in Pottawatomie County was Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. Since 1940 only Lyndon Johnson in 1964 has gotten as much as forty percent of the county’s vote.

Education

Unified school districts
The Unified School Districts that serve Pottawatomie County include:
 Wamego USD 320 (Wamego, Louisville, Belvue)
 Kaw Valley USD 321 (St. Marys, Emmett)
 Onaga USD 322 (Onaga, Havensville, Wheaton)
 Rock Creek USD 323 (Westmoreland, St. George)
 Riley County USD 378 (West-Central Pottawatomie County)
 Manhattan-Ogden USD 383 (Southwest Pottawatomie County)
 Blue Valley USD 384 (Olsburg, Fostoria)

Private schools
 St. Marys Academy & College(St. Marys)
 Flint Hills Christian School (Manhattan)

Communities

Cities

 Belvue

 Emmett
 Havensville
 Louisville
 Manhattan, mainly in Riley County
 Olsburg
 Onaga
 St. George
 St. Marys
 Wamego
 Westmoreland
 Wheaton

References

Notes

More reading
 Handbook of Pottawatomie and Riley Counties, Kansas; Modern Ago; 20 pages; 1880s.
 Standard Atlas of Pottawatomie County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 57 pages; 1905.
 Onaga Courier's Township Map of Pottawatomie County, Kansas; Onaga Courier; 59 pages; 1899.

Other websites

County
 
 Pottawatomie County - Directory of Public Officials
 Pottawatomie County Economic Development Corporation - PCEDC
Maps
 Pottawatomie County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1857 establishments in Kansas Territory
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was elected as the Indian president in 1962.

Schedule
The election schedule was announced by the Election Commission of India on 6 April 1962.

Results
Source: Web archive of Election Commission of India website

References

1962
Presidential elections in India
1960s in Asia
Edward Frank Shotter (29 June 1933 – 3 July 2019) was an Anglican priest and author. From 1966 to 1989 he was Director of Studies at the London Medical Group when he was appointed Dean of Rochester, a post he held until retirement in 2003.

Shotter died on 3 July 2019, four days after his 86th birthday.

References

1933 births
2019 deaths
Educators
English writers
Lowell Bruce Laingen (August 6, 1922 – July 15, 2019) was an American diplomat. He was the U.S. Ambassador to Malta from 1977 to 1979. He worked under the Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter presidencies. He was a World War II veteran. Laingen was best known for having been the most senior American official held hostage during the Iran hostage crisis. 

He was the chargé d'affaires (head of diplomatic mission) at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran at the time of the crisis. He was born in Butterfield, Minnesota.

Laingen died on July 15, 2019 at a hospital in Bethesda, Maryland of problems caused from Parkinson's disease, aged 96.

References

1922 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in Maryland
American military personnel of World War II
Ambassadors of the United States
American crime victims
Politicians from Minnesota
John H. Tanton (February 23, 1934 – July 16, 2019) was an American ophthalmologist, white nationalist and anti-immigration activist. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. 

Tanton was the founder and first chairman of the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), an anti-immigration organization. He was the co-founder of the Center for Immigration Studies, an anti-immigration think tank; and NumbersUSA, an anti-immigration lobbying group. 

He was chairman of U.S. English and ProEnglish. He was the founder of The Social Contract Press. He founded the pro-eugenics organization Society for Genetic Education.

Tanton died in Petoskey, Michigan on July 16, 2019 from Parkinson's disease at the age of 85.

References

1934 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in Michigan
American political activists
American conservatives
American physicians
American political writers
Writers from Detroit, Michigan
Howard Engel CM (April 2, 1931 – July 17, 2019) was a Canadian mystery writer and CBC producer. He was well known for his novel series of Benny Cooperman detective novels. Engel was a founder of Crime Writers of Canada. He was born in St. Catharines, Ontario.

Engel died of pneumonia on July 17, 2019 in Toronto at the age of 88.

References

1931 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Television producers
Writers from Ontario
Ian Michael Chappell (born 26 September 1943) is a retired Australian cricketer and commentator. He played for South Australia and Australia. He captained Australia between 1971 and 1975. He was born in Unley, South Australia.

Chappell was known as "Chappelli". He is thought to be one of the greatest captains of cricket. 

He retired in 1980. He became a cricket commentator, working for Channel Nine. Chappell was added into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1986, the FICA Cricket Hall of Fame in 2000 and the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame in 2003. In July 2009, Chappell was added into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.

In July 2019, Chappell announced that he had skin cancer.

References

1943 births
Living people
People with cancer
Australian cricketers
Australian journalists
Australian sports commentators
Sportspeople from South Australia
James Wesley Pruden Jr., known as Wesley Pruden (December 18, 1935 – July 17, 2019) was an American journalist and author. He was the editor-in-chief of The Washington Times from 1992 until his retirement in 2008.

References

1935 births
2019 deaths
American journalists
Writers from Arkansas
Writers from Washington, D.C.
People from Little Rock, Arkansas
Vice-Admiral Husaini Abdullahi (3 March 1939 – 9 July 2019) was a Nigerian military admiral and politician. He was the military governor of Bendel State, Nigeria from March 1976 to July 1978 during the  military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo.

Abdullahi died on 9 July 2019 at the age of 80.

References

1939 births
2019 deaths
Military people
Nigerian politicians
Nikola Hajdin (Serbian Cyrillic Никола Хајдин); 4 April 1923 – 17 July 2019) was a Serbian construction engineer and  professor. He was the president of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts from 2003 to 2015 as a member of the Department of Technical Sciences. He was born in Vrbovsko, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

Hajdin died on 17 July 2019 in Belgrade at the age of 96.

References

1923 births
2019 deaths
Serbian people
Engineers
Educators
Charles Ceccaldi-Raynaud (25 June 1925 – 18 July 2019) was a French lawyer and politician. A member of The Republicans, he was a member of the National Assembly from 1993 to 1995, and the Senate from 1995 to 2004, representing Hauts-de-Seine. He was Mayor of Puteaux from 1969 to 2004.

He was the author of a book about the Algerian War. He was born in Bastia, France. Ceccaldi-Raynaud died on 18 July 2019 at the age of 94.

References

1925 births
2019 deaths
French lawyers
French mayors
French politicians
French writers
The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian War of Independence or the Algerian Revolution ( ; ;  or ) was fought between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (. FLN) from 1954 to 1962.

The war led to Algeria gaining its independence from France. It was known for its use of guerrilla warfare and for the massive use of torture on both sides. The war took place mainly in Algeria.

Battles and operations
 Battle of Philippeville
 Battle of Algiers (1956–1957)
 Operation Jumelles
 Plan Challe

Related pages 
 List of wars involving France

Notes

Wars involving France
1950s in Europe
1960s in Europe
Luciano De Crescenzo (; 20 August 1928 – 18 July 2019) was an Italian writer, actor, director and engineer. He was mainly known as an author and screenwriter. His best known screenplay was for the 1980 comedy Il pap'occhio.

Death
De Crescenzo was hospitalized in Rome for pneumonia in July 2019. He died several days later on 18 July 2019 from the disease at the age of 90.

Bibliography

 Tutti santi me compreso, Milano, A. Mondadori, 2011.
 Fosse 'a Madonna!, Milano, A. Mondadori, 2012.
 Garibaldi era comunista, Milano, A. Mondadori, 2013.
 Gesù è nato a Napoli, Milano, A. Mondadori, 2013.
 Ti porterà fortuna. Guida insolita di Napoli, Milano, A. Mondadori, 2014.

Movies (director)
 Così parlò Bellavista (1984)
 Il mistero di Bellavista (1985)
 32 dicembre (1987)
 Croce e delizia (1995)

References

Other websites
 

1928 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Italian movie directors
Italian screenwriters
Italian movie actors
People from Naples
Eduardo "Danding" Murphy Cojuangco Jr. (10 June 1935 – 16 June 2020) was a Filipino businessman and politician. He was the chairman of San Miguel Corporation. It is the largest food and beverage corporation in the Philippines and Southeast Asia. He was the Governor of Tarlac from 1967 to 1969 and member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 1969 to 1972.

In 2016, his personal wealth was around US$1.1 billion. He was born in Paniqui, Tarlac. He founded the Nationalist People's Coalition in 1992. He ran for President of the Philippines in 1992, but came in third place losing to Fidel V. Ramos.

Cojuangco Jr. died in Manila on 16 June 2020 from heart failure and pneumonia caused by cancer, aged 85.

References

1935 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from cancer
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from pneumonia
Filipino politicians
Filipino businesspeople
In music and poetry, an anacrusis (plural anacruses) is a very short introduction.  The word comes from the  (anákrousis), which means literally, "pushing up". It is a set of notes or syllables, perhaps just a single one. It comes before the first beat of a musical phrase, or a  line of poetry. It is not part of any musical phrase, or line of poetry which might have come before it. The word is sometimes used in publishing. It is very short, and not the literary or musical introduction, foreword, or with a preface). In music it is often called a "pick up" note.

References

Musical terminology
Pontotoc County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 29,957 people lived there. Its county seat is Pontotoc.

References

Other websites 

 Official county website

1836 establishments in Mississippi
Mississippi counties
Adams County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 32,297 people lived there. The county seat is Natchez. The county was created on April 2, 1799. It is named for John Adams, the second President of the United States.

References 

1799 establishments in the United States
18th-century establishments in Mississippi Territory
Mississippi counties
Springerville is a town of Apache County in the state of Arizona in the United States. As of the 2010 census, 1,961 people lived there.

References

Other websites 

 Town of Springerville official website
 Round Valley History
 Springerville News
 "Springerville, Arizona", at City-Data.com
 Springerville & Eagar Scenic Attractions
 Madonna of the Trail | August Leimbach website

Towns in Arizona
Leavenworth County (county code LV) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 76,227 people lived there. Its county seat is Leavenworth. Leavenworth is also the biggest city in Leavenworth County.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (1.3%) is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Kansas.

People

The county is a part of the Kansas City, MO-KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Government

Presidential elections

Communities

Cities

 Basehor
 Bonner Springs (part)
 De Soto  (part)
 Easton
 Kansas City  (part)
 Lansing
 Leavenworth
 Linwood
 Tonganoxie

References

More reading
 History of Leavenworth County Kansas; Jesse Hall and LeRoy Hand; Historical Publishing; 684 pages; 1921.
 Standard Atlas of Leavenworth County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 42 pages; 1903.
 Atlas Map of Leavenworth County, Kansas; Missouri Publishing Co; 38 pages; 1878.

Other websites

County
 
 Leavenworth County - Directory of Public Officials
 Leavenworth County - Development Corporation
Maps
 Leavenworth County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1855 establishments in Kansas Territory
Butler County (county code BU) is a county in the southern part of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 65,880 people lived there. Its county seat is El Dorado. El Dorado is also the biggest city in Butler County.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has an area of . Of that,  is land and  (1.2%) is water. It is the biggest county by size in Kansas.

Major highways
Sources: National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau
 Interstate 35
 U.S. Route 54
 U.S. Route 77
 Kansas Highway 96
 Kansas Highway 177
 Kansas Highway 196
 Kansas Highway 254

People

Butler County is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Government

Presidential elections

Communities

Cities

 Andover
 Augusta
 Benton
 Cassoday
 Douglass
 Elbing
 El Dorado
 Latham
 Leon
 Potwin
 Rose Hill
 Towanda
 Whitewater

References

More reading
 History of Butler County, Kansas; Vol P Mooney; Standard Publishing; 869 pages; 1916.
 An Illustrated Hand Book, Compiled from the Official Statistics, Descriptive of Butler County, Kansas; 66 pages; T.B. Murdock; 1887.
 Standard Atlas of Butler County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 69 pages; 1905.
 Standard Atlas of Butler County, Kansas; Walter F. McGinnis & I.C. Thomas; 59 pages; 1885.

Other websites

County
 
 Butler County - Directory of Public Officials
Historical
 Butler County GenWeb
 Kansas State Historical Society
Maps
 Butler County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1855 establishments in Kansas Territory
Jefferson County (county code JF) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 19,126 people lived there. Its county seat is Oskaloosa. Its biggest city is Valley Falls.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  (4.3%) is water.

People

Jefferson County is included in the Topeka, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Government

Presidential elections

Education

Unified school districts
 Valley Falls USD 338
 Jefferson County North USD 339
 Jefferson West USD 340
 Oskaloosa USD 341
 McLouth USD 342
 Perry-Lecompton USD 343

Communities

Cities

 McLouth
 Meriden
 Nortonville
 Oskaloosa
 Ozawkie
 Perry
 Valley Falls
 Winchester

References

Notes

More reading
 Standard Atlas of Jefferson County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 69 pages; 1916.
 Descriptive Atlas of Jefferson County, Kansas; Acme Publishing Co; 44 pages; 1899.

Other websites

County
 
 Jefferson County - Directory of Public Officials
 Jefferson County - Economic Development
Maps
 Jefferson County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Kansas counties
1855 establishments in Kansas Territory