cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The inauguration of William Howard Taft as the 27th president of the United States happened on March 4, 1909. It was the start of the only term of William Howard Taft as president and James S. Sherman's only term as vice president. 

A ceremony happened at the Senate chamber inside the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. because of a blizzard. The event was the 31st presidential inauguration.  

Vice president Sherman did not complete his term in office, because he died on October 30, 1912. Since the Twenty-fifth Amendment, which allows for the office of vice president to be filled if it were empty, of the US Constitution was not passed yet, the position remained empty until Taft's term as president ended. As of 2021, Sherman is the most recent vice president to die in office.

Chief Justice Melville Fuller administered the presidential oath of office to Taft. Charles W. Fairbanks gave the vice presidential oath of office to Sherman. This inauguration was the last time Fuller gave the oath. However, the Chief Justice said his lines incorrectly. 

Although the weather was not good, the inaugural parade was not canceled. An inaugural ball that evening was held at the Pension Building. The ball would be the last official one, because Taft's successor, Woodrow Wilson, asked the city of Washington to not do one, putting a brief end to the practice. The inaugural balls were brought back in 1949 as part of the second inauguration of Harry S. Truman.

References

Other websites 

 Text of Taft's Inaugural Address

1900s in the United States
United States presidential inaugurations
SV Horn is an Austrian association football club playing in the city of Horn in Lower Austria. They play in the 2nd League.

Current squad

Coaching staff
 Rudolf Landerl Headcoach
 Manuel Frank Assistant coach
 Jaroslav Kasprisin Goalkeeper coach

Women
SV Horn has also a women football team which plays in the 2. ÖFB Frauen-Bundesliga.

References 

Austrian football clubs
Football clubs of Lower Austria
Degrees of freedom refers to the maximum number of logically independent values, which are values that have the freedom to vary, in the data sample.

Understanding Degrees of Freedom 
The easiest way to understand degrees of freedom conceptually is through an example:

 Consider a data sample consisting of, for the sake of simplicity, five positive integers. The values could be any number with no known relationship between them. This data sample would, theoretically, have five degrees of freedom.
 Four of the numbers in the sample are {3, 8, 5, and 4} and the average of the entire data sample is revealed to be 6.
 This must mean that the fifth number has to be 10. It can be nothing else. It does not have the freedom to vary.
 So the degrees of freedom for this data sample is 4.

The formula for degrees of freedom equals the size of the data sample minus one:
Df​=N−1
where:

Df​=degrees of freedom

N=sample size​

Degrees of freedom are commonly discussed in relation to various forms of hypothesis testing in statistics, such as a chi-square. It is essential to calculate degrees of freedom when trying to understand the importance of a chi-square statistic and the validity of the null hypothesis.

Chi-Square Tests 
There are two different kinds of chi-square tests: the test of independence, which asks a question of relationship, such as, "Is there a relationship between gender and SAT scores?"; and the goodness-of-fit test, which asks something like "If a coin is tossed 100 times, will it come up heads 50 times and tails 50 times?"

For these tests, degrees of freedom are utilized to determine if a certain null hypothesis can be rejected based on the total number of variables and samples within the experiment. For example, when considering students and course choice, a sample size of 30 or 40 students is likely not large enough to generate significant data. Getting the same or similar results from a study using a sample size of 400 or 500 students is more valid.

History 
The earliest and most basic concept of degrees of freedom was noted in the early 1800s, intertwined in the works of mathematician and astronomer Carl Friedrich Gauss. The modern usage and understanding of the term were expounded upon first by William Sealy Gosset, an English statistician, in his article "The Probable Error of a Mean," published in Biometrika in 1908 under a pen name to preserve his anonymity.1

In his writings, Gosset did not specifically use the term "degrees of freedom." He did, however, give an explanation for the concept throughout the course of developing what would eventually be known as Student’s T-distribution. The actual term was not made popular until 1922. English biologist and statistician Ronald Fisher began using the term "degrees of freedom" when he started publishing reports and data on his work developing chi-squares.

Statistics
Sinful Davey is a 1969 British American adventure crime comedy movie directed by John Huston and starring John Hurt, Pamela Franklin, Anjelica Huston, Nigel Davenport, Ronald Fraser, Maxine Audley, Robert Morley, Fionnula Flanagan, Donal McCann, Allan Cuthbertson, Eddie Byrne and was distributed by United Artists.

Other websites
 
 

1969 comedy movies
1969 crime movies
1960s adventure movies
British adventure movies
British criminal comedy movies
American adventure movies
American criminal comedy movies
Movies directed by John Huston
The greater spikethumb frog (Plectrohyla avia) is a frog that lives in Mexico and Guatemala.  Scientists have seen it in cloud forests between 1685 and 2200 meters above sea level on the Pacific Ocean side (west side) of the Sierra Madre mountains.

References

Frogs
Animals of North America
Maryse Wolinski (3 May 1943 – 9 December 2021) was a French journalist, novelist and writer. She was the wife of the Charlie Hebdo cartoonist murdered in January 2015. After the death of her husband, she dedicated three books to him. 

Wolinski died of cancer in Paris on 9 December 2021, at the age of 78.

Works 
 Au diable Vauvert (1988)
 Le Maître d’amour (1992)
 Lettre ouverte aux hommes qui n’ont rien compris aux femmes (1993)
 La Femme qui aimait les hommes (1998)
 Chérie, je vais à Charlie (2016)
 Le goût de la belle vie (2018)
 Au risque de la vie (2020)

References

Sources
 

1943 births
2021 deaths
French journalists
French novelists
French writers
Cancer deaths in France
The Hanger Lane gyratory is a multi-lane gyratory that is the shape of a rectangle. The Western Avenue (A40) goes under the gyratory. The A40 meets with the North Circular (A406) and the Ealing Road towards Wembley. It is in the north of the borough of Ealing in west London.

The junction covers about . At rush hour, it carries nearly 10,000 vehicles per hour. The Central line passes under the gyratory. Hanger Lane tube station takes up some of the middle of the gyratory. The rest of the middle has some services buildings and a nature reserve. The nature reserve is a Site of Importance for Nature Conservation.

History 

The junction became a gyratory in the 1980s. In December 2007, it was named Britain's scariest junction. The High Speed 2 railway could have caused the gyratory to be remodelled.

References 

Transport in London
Bruce Lee: the Mand and the Legend, is a 1973 Hong Kong documentary, in memory of Bruce Lee. Produced by Raymond Chow (Golden Harvest) and Bruce Lee's widow, Linda (Concorn Productions Ltd.). Starring Nora Miao, Raymond Chow, Betty Ting Pei, Lee Hoi Chuen, Robert Wall, Hwang In-Shik, Robert Clouse, Han Ying Chih, Dan Inosanto, Ji Han-Jae, Jim Kelly, Shih Kien, Jackie Chan, James Tien, Fred Weintraub, Chih Yuan, Lo Wei, Tony Liu, Unicorn Chan, Chin Ti, Lee Kwan, Paul Wei Ping-ao, Hwang Chung Shin, Lee Hoi Chuen, Grace Ho

 Archive footage of Bruce Lee
 Himself
 The Kid (1950) 
 The Thunderstorm (1957) 
 Kato on The Green Hornet and Batman (1966/67)
 Marlowe (1969)
 The Big Boss (1971)
 Fist of Fury (1972)
 The Way of the Dragon (1972)
 The Game of Death (1972): First trailer Enter the Dragon (1973)

A follow-up/reworking of this documentary was released in 1984 under the title Bruce Lee - The Legend''.

References

Other websites 

Bruce Lee
Concord Production Inc. movies
The Game of Death
Movies
Google Maps Navigation is a mobile application developed by Google for the Android and iOS operating systems that was later integrated into the Google Maps mobile app. The application uses an Internet connection to a GPS navigation system to provide turn-by-turn voice-guided instructions on how to arrive at a given destination.
The application requires connection to Internet data (e.g. 3G, 4G, 5G, WiFi, etc.) and normally uses a GPS satellite connection to determine its location. A user can enter a destination into the application, which will plot a path to it. The app displays the user's progress along the route and issues instructions for each turn.

History
The application’s beta release was released on October 28, 2009, accompanying the release of Android 2.0 (Eclair) on the Motorola Milestone (known as the Motorola Droid). Google Maps Navigation Beta was initially released in the United States. The application (version 4.2) was later released in the UK on April 20, 2010 and Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland on June 9, 2010.

References

Software
Google
Mechlenreuth is a village in Upper Franconia in Hof in Bavaria, Germany. In 1978 the village was included into Münchberg. The earliest known mention of the village was in 1185. From 1837 to 1978 Mechlenreuth was an independent municipality.  Today it is a village of 200 residents and a part of the city Münchberg.

Geography
The village is on the edge of the natural park Fichtelgebirge. Their bordering villages are (clockwise) Münchberg Weißdorf Stockenroth- Germersreuth, Großlosnitz, Kleinlosnitz and Mussen. The village is at a height of 545 meters two kilometers south of the city Münchberg. In the south and east is Mechlenreuth in large parts surrounded by forests. In the north-west rises the chapel mountain, the highest point of the village area. It is also a natural border, to the rest of the city Münchberg. The center of the village grouped around a village pond surrounded by trees. Today the village Mechlenreuth also includes the single buildings Upper Eiben, Lower Eiben, Umspannwerk Mechlenreuth, Rußhut, Lohbrickworks and Dietelsmill.

Literature
Karl Dietel: Münchberg. Story of an official and industrial city, Volume. 1., Until the transition to Bayern 1810. City Administration Münchberg, Münchberg 1963.
Karl Dietel: Between Waldstein and Döbraberg - The historical development of the council Münchberg. Former district school, Münchberg 1964.

References

Other websites 
Fire Department Mechlenreuth

Hof (district)
Maitreyi Ramakrishnan is a Tamil-Canadian actress known for her role as Devi Vishwakumar in Netflix series Never Have I Ever.

Living people
Canadian actors
Candice Kristina Patton (born 24 June 1985 in Jackson, Mississippi) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Iris West-Allen in the television series The Flash, Her acting on The Flash earned her a Saturn Award from four nominations.

Actors from Mississippi
Living people
1985 births
A "relative clause" is a string of words that contains a noun and a verb. Relative clauses can not stand on their own as a sentence and must begin with a "relative pronoun".

Grammar
The AFC first round of the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification was also the first round of 2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification. It was played from 6 to 11 June 2019.

Format
A total of twelve teams (teams ranked 35–46 in the FIFA World Rankings) played home-and-away over two legs. The six winners advanced to the second round.

The six losers would have qualified to the 2020 AFC Solidarity Cup, but it was cancelled.

Timor-Leste were banned from qualifying to the 2023 AFC Asian Cup, so this only acts as FIFA World Cup qualification for them.

Seeding
The draw for the first round was held on 17 April 2019 at 11:00 MST (UTC+8), at the AFC House in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The seeding was based on the FIFA World Rankings of April 2019. Pot A teams hosted the first leg and Pot B teams hosted the second leg.

Note: Bolded teams qualified for the second round.
Note: FIFA World Rankings at the time of the draw is shown in (parenthesis).

Summary
The first legs were played on 6–7 June, and the second legs on 11 June 2019.

Matches

Mongolia won 3–2 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Sri Lanka won 3–1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Bangladesh won 1–0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Malaysia won 12–2 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Cambodia won 4–1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Guam won 5–1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Goalscorers

Notes

References

Other websites
 
Qualifiers – Asia Matches: Round 1, FIFA.com
FIFA World Cup, the-AFC.com
AFC Asian Cup, the-AFC.com
Preliminary Joint Qualification 2022, stats.the-AFC.com

2022 FIFA World Cup
Anneliese Knoop-Graf (January 30 1921-August 27 2009) was the youngest sister of Willi Graf, who was one of the main members of the White Rose resistance group. In his last letter to her he tasked her to “keep a good memory of me.” (“Behaltet mich in guter Errinerung”) After his death Anneliese worked tirelessly to keep Willi’s story (and the stories of the other White Rose members) alive.

White Rose work and Legacy 
On February 18, 1943, Willi and Anneliese Graf were captured by the Gestapo. Both were accused of being members of the White Rose. Willi was a core member, but he had never told Anneliese about the activities of the White Rose. Anneliese was released soon afterward, but her brother was sentenced to death. In his last letter to Anneliese and his family, Willi asked them to, “Keep a good memory of me” and to “continue what we have started.”

After the war Anneliese honored her brothers last wishes, becoming a speaker about the White Rose.She helped write multiple publications about the White Rose, including helping Inge Jens and Walter Jens publish a book of Willi Graf’s letters and diary titled, “Willi Graf: Briefe und Aufzeichnungen.”

In 1987, Anneliese became the vice chairman of the White Rose foundation in Munich.

Anneliese Knoop-Graf passed away on August 27, 2009. She was 88 years old.

1921 births
2009 deaths
Hazel W. Johnson-Brown (October 10, 1927 – August 5, 2011) was the 16th Chief of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps and the first African American woman to hold the title of Brigadier general. She served the military as a nurse from 1955 to 1983 when she retired.  

The title of Brigadier general and 16th Chief of Army Nurse Corps was awarded to Hazel W. Johnson-Brown in 1979.

Early life 
Hazel Winifred Johnson Brown was born on October 10, 1927.  She was born and raised in Pennsylvania, United States. She is the daughter of Clarence L. Johnson Sr. and Gamett Henly Johnson. She had six siblings. It is said that she wanted to be a nurse from early childhood.

References 

1927 births
2011 deaths
Nurses
African-American military personnel
People from Pennsylvania
United States Army
Margaret Phyllis Lose (November 15, 1925-September 30, 2019) was the first woman equine (horse) vet in the United States. She opened many equine surgical hospitals, and was extremely successful in her surgeries. She never had a client with a postoperative (after operation) infection. She was the third woman to get a horse trainer license in the United States.

Early life 
Phyllis Lose’s parents taught her to be tough, and always keep on moving forward in her life. They motivated her to work hard if she wants to make something happen. When she was younger, she once convinced her parents to let her keep a horse in their garage! Lose has always had a love of horses.

She graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary School in 1957. She was one of three women in her graduating class. She was the only woman who studied large animals. Lose was the first certified female equine veterinarian in the United States.

Career 
First Lose was a horse trainer.

When she graduated Lose opened the first woman-owned and woman-run horse veterinary clinic. Lose was the first woman to build an equine surgical hospital. She is also the first woman horse doctor in the United States. She was the third woman to have a horse trainer license in the United States as well. She developed many different methods and new types of medicines to help perform more successful surgeries on horses. For example, Lose Lose doesn’t like to use steroids to relax muscles in hurt horses, which is a very common thing to do with other vets.

Lose opened two equine hospitals in Pennsylvania. During Lose’s busiest years, she treated up to 1,000 horses a week! Lose won some money off of her dog, when she entered him in a dog food contest. She closed her hospital, to pursue her dog, Oscar’s, movie career in Florida.

Lose wrote many books. Her autobiography is called, "No Job for a Lady.”

Personal life 
In both her career, as well as her personal life. She never married. Her work was too busy.  She slept about three or four hours a night. One of her dogs, Oscar, was a movie star at Universal Studios, Orlando, Florida. She died in 2019.

References 

Veterinarians
Madison Hammond is an Indigenous American soccer player. Hammond is the first Native American to play in the National Women's Soccer League. She plays for the club OL Reign. Hammond made her debut on September 26, 2020. She aims to inspire and be a role model for young Native American girls.

Early Life 
Madison Hammond was born in November 1997. She had a mother who was in the military. Her father was not very big in her life. Hammond grew up in Albuquerque and moved to Virginia when she was 9 years old. She is Navajo, San Pueblo, and African American. Her uncle was a golf PGA Champion and played along with Tiger Woods. He was a big inspiration for her. She joined a girls' soccer club near her mother's base when they moved to Virginia.

Making History 
Hammond made history when she subbed on to a game on September 26, 2020. She became the first Native American player to play in the NWSL. She was subbed on in the 76th minute of a game against Utah. Hammond played in 3 games during the fall season for a total of 105 minutes.

Journey 
Madison Hammond graduated from Wake Forester in 2019. She went undrafted and had a test run for a club in Spain. Hammond decided to do another tryout, this time with the club OL Reign. During the tryouts, the Covid-19 pandemic hit and shut down the league. She signed a 2-year contract right away once it started opening back up.

Inspiring Others 
Hammond wants to inspire young native girls. She wants other indigenous girls to try to play professional soccer, too. She realizes that she now has responsibility. She sees both positives and negatives from her achievement. She is happy that the league is starting to change and be more diverse. Hammond is also a little disappointed that it took till 2020 to have a Native American player.

References 

Living people
1997 births
Precious Brady-Davis (born 1986/1987) is an American transgender climate activist. She is also a LGBTQ+ activist. She is the most seen trans woman of color climate activist. She worked at the Halsted LGBTQ communtiy center. There she was Mentor of LGBTQ+ teens. She wrote the best selling book “I Have Always Been Me”. Today, She is the director of communications at the Sierra Club.

Early life 
Brady-Davis was in foster care when she was a toddler. This was because of her mother’s mental health issues. At age five she moved in with her grandparents. In fourth grade her peers started being homophobic to her. In middle school it got worse. In public high school she started to explore her identity. In her sophomore year Brady Davis moved into a foster home. This was because of a big fight with her grandfather. In college she came out as gay. She went to college in Chicago. There she made a name for herself in drag. Many LGBTQ+ teens looked up to her.

References 

1980s births
People from Nebraska
Living people
American activists
Dawn Michelle Staley (born May 4, 1970) is an American women's basketball coach and player.  She is a four-time Southeastern Conference (SEC) Coach of the Year winner and the 2020 Associated Press Coach of the Year. She was hired at University of South Carolina in the 2008-2009 season. Before, she had coached at Temple University. In 2017 they won the national title. She has five SEC regular titles and six league tournament crowns. She also coached the USA women's olympic basketball team at the Tokyo Olympics in 2020 where they won the gold medal.

Education 
Staley went to high school at Dobbins Tech High school. She led them to 3 league championships. She won high school player of the year as a senior. She decided to go to University of Virginia because she could play immediately and for their reputation for developing point guards. She was one of six children the first person in her family to go to college.

Career 
Staley was a basketball coach at Temple University. Her team at Temple won many games and got to play in the NCAA tournaments for eight years.

Staley came to coach at the University of South Carolina in the 2007-2008 season. The South Carolina women's basketball team was not very popular. Staley helped them win their first national championship in 2017. The team's really good season in 2020 was ended by the COVID-19 Pandemic.

In 2021, Staley signed a seven-year contract with the South Carolina Gamecocks. She earns a $1 million US base salary. She will also receive $1.9 million US every subsequent year which will grow by $100,000 every year. She can also get up to $680,000 in incentive bonuses. If Staley leaves without reason, she would pay the school 5 million. If the school fired her without reason, they would owe her 3 million dollars. Staley believes that the 22.4 million dollars will help equalize women's and men's pay in basketball. She is now the highest paid black women's basketball coach, and one of the highest paid basketball coaches. Staley also passed Louisiana State University coach Kim Mulkey making her the highest paid coach in the Southeastern Conference.

References 

Living people
Sayyida al-Hurra (Arabic: السيدة الحرة‎), real name Lalla Aicha bint Ali ibn Rashid al-Alami, Hakimat Titwan (Arabic: عائشة بنت علي بن رشيد العلمي‎) (1485 – 14 July 1561) was a pirate queen.

Biography 
Al-Hurra lived in the early 1500’s. She managed to control the Western half of the Mediterranean for well over 30 years. She was born into a wealthy Muslim family. Her birth name was believed to be Aicha.  Her family was chased out of Granada to Morocco during the Spanish Reconquista.  She and her family then settled in Tetouán. Her first husband was the Sultan Al-Mandri.   She had herself immediately named governer of Tetouán, after he died. She was bestowed the title Al-Hurra. This was a symbol of respect and power.  She then married the King of Morocco. This was the only time in Islamic history a king traveled outside his country for his wedding. Spain and Portugal were worried about this. It seemed like a threat, as this alliance would be extremely strong. Iberians attacked Al-Hurra’s land. She became a pirate to defend her country and stop them.  She made an alliance with the dreaded pirate Barabarossa, or Red Beard. He used his fleet to ferry refugees away from the fighting.  Al-Hurra terrorized Spanish and Portuguese ships. She became known and feared across the Mediterranean. She was known for taking hostages and being extremely merciless.  The Spanish feared her and prayed for a miracle. The Portuguese “prayed for God to allow them to see her hanged from a ship’s mast”. She was categorized as aggressive and bad-tempered. Al-Hurra became one of the richer pirates of her time. She still managed to maintain a consistent alliance with Red Beard. Her demise came after over 30 years of sailing.  Her son-in-law usurped her power and throne.  He also stole her wealth. She lived in her childhood home in Morocco until her death.  She died at age 75.  Sayyida Al-Hurra’s legacy lives on today. In European writing she is known as the fearsome Pirate Queen of the Mediterranean.

References 

Pirates
Duke is the tenth studio album by English progressive rock band Genesis. The album was released on March 28, 1980 through Atlantic Records and was their first album to got to number 1 in the United Kingdom.

1980 albums
Genesis albums
A Walk in the Sun is a 1945 American World War II drama movie directed by Lewis Milestone and was based on the novel by Harry Brown. It stars Dana Andrews, John Ireland, Richard Conte, George Tyne, Lloyd Bridges, Norman Lloyd, Sterling Holloway, Herbert Rudley, Chris Drake, Richard Benedict and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1945 movies
1940s war movies
1940s drama movies
American war movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Lewis Milestone
20th Century Fox movies
Katy Pyle is an American Ballet dancer. They created the dance company Ballez. Ballez is a place for people who are underrepresented in ballet. They are also the creator and choreographer of Sleeping Beauty and the Beast, and Giselle of Loneliness.

Growing Up Confused 
Pyle was a ballet student in 1990. They identify as a genderqueer lesbian. They use they/them pronouns. A Ballet teacher told them that they would have a better career if they were a boy. Because they wanted to dance in a way that was “more masculine.” Ballet is often divided by gender. Pyle felt a lack of representation. They felt confused about their identity.

Hidden In History 
Pyle researched queer ballet dancers. Pyle was inspired by the people they learned about. Bronislava Nijinska was a ballet choreographer. Nijinska created the ballet Les Bitches. Pyle felt happy and mad. They were happy because there were people like them. They were sad because these people were made invisible.

References 

Living people
Sarah Thomas is an American football referee. Thomas is the first woman to be a permanent NFL official. Thomas is breaking gender barriers around her career. Thomas was the first woman to officiate the Super Bowl. She refereed the Super Bowl in Tampa, Florida, in 2021.

Early Life 
Sarah Thomas was raised in Pascagoula Mississippi. She and her brother played sports. She received a scholarship for basketball at the the University of Mobile. Thomas was recorded 5th best in the school for her excellence in basketball.  Her statistics over five seasons: 779 points, 411 rebounds, 108 assists, and 192 steals.  Thomas was titled Academic All-American at Mobile. She aided her team get to the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics Tournament. Thomas got a degree in communications and graduated Mobile in 1995.

First Jobs 
Thomas was interested in becoming a Football official after college.  She went with her older brother to his officiating meeting. She started being an official for grade school, and then high schools in 1999. Thomas officiated a high school state championship game in Mississippi, 2007. Joe Henes, who is a retired official told Gerry Austin, a supervisor of Conference USA’s officials about Thomas and her ability to officiate.  Joe Henes recommended she start officiating college football. Austin looked into her skill set and hired Thomas. This made her the first woman to officiate a major college game.

She started working for the NFL in 2015.

Skills 
Thomas has good communication skills. She can talk to coaches. She listens to the coach when they are questioning the call. She calms them down. Coaches are confident about her abilities.

References 

Living people
Gertrude Joyce Cran Barry (1900-1964) was a Scottish lacrosse and field hockey player who lived in the United States. She was inducted into the USA Field Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963. She was inducted into the Scotland Lacrosse Hall of Fame in 2015. She was the founder of CRANBARRY Equipment Company. This was the United State’s first equipment company for women’s lacrosse. 

Barry came to the United States to teach at a field hockey camp in 1925. She then became a Physical Training Instructor at Wellesley College. Barry figured out that field hockey was bad for posture due to the form of the arched back, and that lacrosse is good for posture because players are running upright. This further promoted more women to play lacrosse.

In 1931, she became the United States Women's Lacrosse Association's (USWLA) first president. She held this role for four years. Barry helped organize the USWLA's first national tournament in 1933 in Greenwich, Connecticut. In 1947 she established CRANBARRY Equipment Company.  In 1950 she chaired the U.S. Team Selection Committee.

Joyce Cran Barry became the second woman inducted into the US Hall of Fame (besides Margaret Boyd) in 1993.  In 1934, a prediction was made by the leaders of New York Women’s Lacrosse Association that lacrosse would be more popular than field hockey.

References 

Lacrosse
Cecilia Concepcion Alvarez is an American Latina artist.  Her work thinks about gender.

Born and raised 
Cecilia Alvarez was born April 15, 1950 in National City, California. Jeorge Guillermo Alvarez and Cecilia Alejandra Diego de Alvarez are her parents. Alvarez grew up on the San Diego-Tijuana border. She moved to Canada, and then to Seattle in 1975.

Education 
Alvarez attended San Diego State University. She studied sociology.  Alvarez later quit university to support her family.

Career 
Alvarez is a self taught artist. She makes paintings and public murals. She is part of The Guerrilla Girls art group.

Message behind her art 
Alvarez expresses her life experiences through her art. She brings light to silenced voices, she highlights journeys that others overlook. Her art redefines femininity, beauty, and power. She aims to help youth understand the complex topics of our world. Alvarez celebrates her culture and femininity in her art.  Her artwork provokes visual conversations.

References 

American painters
Dr. Susan La Flesche Picotte (1865-1915) was the first Native American woman to go to medical school in the United States of America. She graduated as a very skilled doctor and valedictorian of her class, but her rights were still restricted.

La Flesche grew up with seven other siblings, her mother, and her father. Her father was a very important figure in her life and inspired her to be more than what she looked like, and to strive for the best. She decided she wanted to be a doctor after a lady passed away in front of her because a white man didn’t check on her. This made her want to become a doctor and help fight the racial inequalities this world was made out of.

She went to a med school for women in Pennsylvania and graduated very successfully. She was not allowed to vote being a woman and was not allowed to become a US citizen being an Indian. In Addition, Indians were lower class than whites.

Alice Cunningham Fletcher was very kind and helpful despite the racial discrimination. Fletcher helped solicit donations so that she could start her education. Fletcher was a women's rights activist and made a huge impact on La Flesche.

References 

Native American people
Yun Suk-nam (born 1939) is a Korean feminist painter and activist. She co-founded October Group (Simwolmoim) in 1985. The October Group is a feminist collective. She worked with other women artists from Korea. Yun collaborated with Kim Dijinsook and Kim Insoon in 1986. They produced an exhibition, called From Half to One. It talked about women’s issues. Mother’s Eye was one of Yun’s earliest exhibitions. It was made of rotting wood scraps. She said that the texture was similar to wrinkled skin. The softness represented her mother. Yun received the Joon-Sup Lee award. She was the first woman to get the award. She earned the Prime Minister’s Prize for Women’s Development in 1997. Yun’s paintings and exhibitions include Seedling of Lights (1997), Pink Room (1997), and To Be Lengthened (2003).

Early Life 
Yun Suk-nam is from Manchuria. She was the third child out of six. Yun Beknam was her father. Won Jeungsook was her mother. Yun Beknam founded the first Western theater in Korea. He was a movie director, producer, newspaper writer and historical novelist. Her father died in 1954. Her mother became a street vendor to support the family. They moved back to Korea after the Japanese occupation ended.

Life Before Art 
Yun worked at Korean Electrical Company for four years. She went to Sungkyunkwan University in Seoul. She studied English literature. Yun had to drop out after two years (1959-1962) because her family didn’t have enough money. She then married and had children.

Career 
Yun was questioning her self-identity. She was only a mother and a wife. She became an artist at forty years old. She moved to New York City to learn about printmaking and drawing at the Pratt Institute Graphic Center. She joined the Pratt and the Arts League in the early 1980s. 

Yun Suknam admires her mother for being strong and independent. Yun learned that being poor isn’t something to be ashamed about. The subject of her first paintings was her mother. It was her mother’s determination and sacrifice that let them overcome poverty. Yun paints women fighters who fought for independence from Japanese occupation. She started using chaesaekwa in 2011, when she was around 70. She saw a self-portrait of a Joseon time period painter, Yun Duseo and was inspired. Jeong Jeonghwa was an independence activist who she painted. Yun depicted women who were not known, but did substantial actions. Yun focuses on the subject’s eyes. She makes them strong, fierce, and staring at the audience. She says this gives them life.

References 

Living people
Rebecca Meyers (born November 20, 1994) is a Paralympic swimmer. She is blind and deaf. She has seven world records. Meyers swam in the Paralympics three  times. She has also gotten many awards.

Early life 
Meyers was born on November 20, 1994. She has Usher Syndrome.  

Meyers started swimming in 2000. She was six when she started swimming.

Meyers went to Franklin & Marshall College.  She studied world history.

Events and awards 
Meyers' best swimming events are 50, 100, and 400 meter freestyle. She also swims the 100 meter Butterfly. Meyers also swims the 200 meter IM (Intermediate Medley) and the 100 meter breaststroke.

Meyers been to the Paralympics three times. She has gone to world championships in 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019. She has 10 world championship medals. She has gotten 6 gold, 3 silver, and 3 bronze medals from the Paralympics.

Meyers got the Swimming Trischa L. Zorn award in 2016, 2018, and 2019. She received the ESPY award in 2015 and 2017. Meyers also got the USADSF award.

References

Living people
1994 births
American Paralympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Baltimore
Paralympic silver medalists
Paralympic bronze medalists
Blind people
Deaf people
Marly Gallardo is an Ecuadorian illustrator, who grew up in New York. Gallardo spent her childhood in her parent's restaurant in Ecuador, surrounded by drawings and paintings. After immigrating to the United States, her parents ensured that she would never forget Spanish by speaking the language at home. Art, for her, became a bridge between English and Spanish, whenever she forgot a word. She later went on to art school, where she transitioned from painting to experimenting with Adobe Illustrator, and later became an illustrator. She received a bachelor degree in fine arts from The Rhode Island School of Design.

Art style 
Her art style is magical realism.  She has illustrated for many different campaigns.

Her illustration work includes many campaigns and editorial publications for The New York Times, the United Nations, Microsoft, Adobe, Apple and Netflix.

Awards 
Her many awards include 2020 Forbes 30 under 30: Art and Style award.

References

Living people
Crystal Wahpepah is the first Native American chef on the cooking show Chopped. She also has the first Native American woman owned catering business. She opened her own restaurant with the intention to reclaim Native American cuisine.

References

Chefs
Raphael Hofer (born 14 February 2003) is an Austrian professional footballer. He plays as a forward for Liefering. He also played for the U19 of FC Salzburg in the UEFA Youth League 2021-22.

Career
He started his career with SV Mauerkirchen and then with SV Ried. In 2016 he went on to FC Red Bull Salzburg. He played for the Red Bull Academy in all three stages. In 2021 he went on to FC Liefering. He played his first match for Liefering in July 2021 where got subbed on for Forson Amankwah in the 89th minute.

References

2003 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
Players of FC Liefering
Association football forwards
Child's Play is a 1972 American mystery drama movie directed by Sidney Lumet and was based on the 1970 play of the same name by Robert Marasco. It stars James Mason, Robert Preston, Beau Bridges, David Rounds, Kate Harrington, Tom Leopold, Christopher Man, Paul O'Keefe and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

Other websites
 
 

1972 drama movies
1970s mystery movies
American mystery movies
American drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies set in schools
Movies directed by Sidney Lumet
Paramount Pictures movies
On 9 December 2021, a traffic collision occurred in Chiapas, southern Mexico. A truck which contained about 180 illegal immigrants - most of whom were Guatemalans - was being driven to the United States. It crashed into a bridge, killing at least 54 of its occupants.

References

2021 in North America
2020s disasters in North America
21st century in Mexico
Truck crash
Crime in North America
December 2021 events
Disasters in Mexico
Manslaughter
Organized crime
The pop-eyed spikethumb frog (Plectrohyla lacertosa) is a frog that lives in Mexico.  Scientists have only seen it in two places, both in the Sierra Madre mountains in Chiapas. They saw it 1000 to 2134 meters above sea level.

References

Frogs
Animals of North America
A severe weather and tornado outbreak happened between December 10 and 11, 2021. In the outbreak, there were just under 70 tornadoes involved, along with severe thunderstorms traveled across the U.S. states of Missouri, Arkansas, Kentucky, Illinois and Tennessee.

Across Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee and Illinois, the tornado sequence might have carved a path of almost 250 miles. If confirmed, that may have broken the record of the 1925 Tri-State tornado as the longest such event on record. The starting report on several tornadoes is that they were EF4. 

89 people were confirmed killed by the outbreak. The Governor of Kentucky (at that time) stated that beyond seventy people might have been killed in the state alone.

References

2021 disasters in the United States
December 2021 events
Natural disasters in the United States
December 10–11, 2021
Outbreak of December 10–11, 2021

sah:Кентукки сиригэр Ахсынньы 11 күнүгэр 2021 Торнадо түһүүтэ
A strong tornado struck Vicksburg, Mississippi and areas nearby during the evening of December 5, 1953. The storm ran through the city at right after 5:30 pm that Saturday evening. The event killed 38 people. It was then the fourth deadliest tornado in the history of the state. It also injured almost 270. Damage totaled $25 million at the time.

The tornado that went through Vicksburg was estimated officially as an F5. That rating, however, is questionable. That's because the property destroyed was frail and weak. Some people call this tornado likely an F4 instead of an F5.

References

Tornadoes in the United States
Natural disasters in the United States
December events
History of Mississippi
1950s in the United States
Arizona Bushwhackers is a 1968 American western movie directed by Lesley Selander and starring Howard Keel, Yvonne De Carlo, John Ireland, Scott Brady, Marilyn Maxwell, Montie Montana. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

Other websites

1968 movies
1960s western movies
American western movies
Movies directed by Lesley Selander
Paramount Pictures movies
King Fib (c. 822 BCE - c. 691 BCE) was King of Fib, allegedly for 24 years, from 715 BCE until 691 BCE

Fictional characters
Round and round the garden is a nursery rhyme for infants and toddlers. Usualy it is accompanied by fingerplay, such as touching and tickling.

Rhyme
The version given by The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes is:

This rhyme is probably fairly recent.

Origins
The rhyme was first collected in Britain in the late 1940s. Since teddy bears were not common before  the twentieth century it is likely fairly recent in its current form.  Iona and Peter Opie suggest that it is probably a version of an older rhyme, "Round about there":

References

Children's literature
The Alta Verapaz spikethumb frog (Plectrohyla teuchestes) is a frog that lives in Guatemala.  Scientists have only seen it in one place.  It was in the Sierra de Xucaneb in eastern Guatemala at 1000 meters above sea level.

References

Frogs
Animals of North America
Cinderella effect is the name for a phenomenon found in psychology: Child abuse and mistreatment is more common in families with stepparents. 

It is named after the fairy tale Cinderella, where a girl gets mistreated by her stepsisters and stepmother. Psychologists think this shows a bias towards kin. A person has fewer incentives to invest in a child that is not his or her direct offspring. 

P.D. Scott first used the term Cinderella effect, in a study he did in 1973: He studied 29 cases of babies who were  beaten to death in anger; he found that in 15 cases, the baby's stepfather was the killer.

References

Books 
 

Psychology
Child abuse
Clara Cannucciari (née Bonfanti; August 18, 1915 – November 29, 2013) hosted the web series Great Depression Cooking with Clara and wrote the book Clara's Kitchen.

Life
Clara was born in Melrose Park, Illinois on August 18, 1915 to Giuseppe and Giuseppina Bonfanti, who recently moved from Sicily. The family had a bad life during the Great Depression, but ended up safe and healthy because Giuseppina made their meals last longer.

In 2007, her grandson Christopher started making the web series Great Depression Cooking with Clara, in which she made those meals. She retired shortly after her 96th birthday. Their last video, Fried Fish, was posted on April 18, 2019. On March 25, 2020, Christopher said he would start uploading more videos of Clara.

Death
Clara died on November 29, 2013 at 98 years old. Her daughter-in-law, four grandchildren and three great-grandchildren were still alive.

References

Other websites
Great Depression Cooking with Clara's official website

Christopher Cannucciari's official website

1915 births
2013 deaths
American chefs
American YouTubers
Writers from Illinois
Holy family (also known as Sacra famiglia) is a 20th-century painted in oil by the italian painter Giuseppe Amisani. He painted it in 1910. It is part of the collection at the beginning of the Carrara Academy and then acquired of the Museum of Galleria d'arte moderna e contemporanea (Bergamo) in Bergamo, Italy.

Related pages 
 Giuseppe Amisani

References

Other websites 
 Sacra famiglia, Giuseppe Amisani, Beni culturali, inv.n. 0302024712
 Sacra famiglia, Giuseppe Amisani, Beni culturali

20th-century paintings
Paintings in Brescia
Paintings by Giuseppe Amisani
The Model of Villa Cedri (also known as La Modella di Villa Cedri) is a 20th-century painted in oil by the italian painter Giuseppe Amisani. He painted it in 1920. It is part of the collection of the Museum of Civic Museum of Villa Cedri in Bellinzona, Swiss.

Related pages 
 Giuseppe Amisani

References

Other websites 
 Giuseppe Amisani, La Modella, Museo Civico di Villa Cedri, Swiss

20th-century paintings
Paintings in Switzerland
Paintings by Giuseppe Amisani
A city block is a block of houses, in a built up area. Usually, it is delimited by roads, pathways, or by geographical features, such as a railway line or a river. It consists of several land lots which are directly next to each other, and usually privately owned. 

A city block is a typical form of inner-city design. Commonly, multi-storey apartment buildings, semi-detatched houses, office blocks, or mixed-use houses make up the elements of a city block. As all the houses touch each other, this is known as a closed form.

In the suburbs, there is more space, and the buildings don't usually touch each other. This is known as an open form.

In Europe, cities have grown over centuries, and their layout is different from that of a planned city. As a result, the city block in a planned city also looks different.

Origin 
The design of city blocks started with the emergence of cities, in the Middle Ages. Medieval Hanseatic cities already used city blocks. The design can also be found in baroque inner cities, such as the Dutch Quarter in Potsdam. It is typical of absolutist urban development and the tenement districts of major German cities that were built after 1870 during the Wilhelminian era. In response to the housing shortage of the 1920s, housing associations built apartment blocks with large courtyards and small apartments. At the same time, however, city planners were also looking for alternatives to the perimeter block development that was common at the time. What they did was build blocks perpendicular to the road; they would then build footpaths as access. This has the benefit that all apartments get the same amount of sunshine. It has the drawback, that larger arrangements look monontonus.This kind of city planning was widespread during the reconstruction of Germany after the Second World War, in the 1950s and 1960s. Another benefit of this model is that neighborhoods have a better airflow.

During the Middle Ages, city blocks were often simply chaining buildings, in an unplanned way.

Even in antiquity , there were planned cities. Examples of this are the city of Miletus, or the model of a Roman city, which both used a regular grid layout. During the Baroque era, citty planning was common: Cities were planned with big geometric layouts, later they were divided into different land lots, before being built.

City blocks are also used for collecting statistical data on the population structure . When visualizing 3D city models, people oftenuse  simplified solid bodies that are supposed to correspond to the real building blocks.

Urban design
The Acrolite is a series of Canadian amateur-build aircraft. preduced by Acrolite aircraft. Its first flight was in October of 1986.

Variants 

 Acrolite 1A
 Single-seat biplane for the Canadian basic ultralight category, first flown in October 1986. Plans no longer available. The prototype was originally powered by a 38 hp (28 kW) Kawasaki 440 and later by a 40 hp (30 kW) Rotax 447 two-strokes powerplant.
 Acrolite 1B
 Single-seat biplane for sportsman aerobatics. In addition to the standard wooden wing, optional 2024-T3 aluminium sheet wings can be built. The recommended engine is the 80 hp (60 kW) Rotax 912UL, although the 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582or the 120 hp (89 kW) Rotax 618 two-strokes can be used as well.
 Acrolite 1C
 Single-seat biplane for sportsman aerobatics, with performance improvements over the 1B. Engines include 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582, 74 hp (55 kW), Hirth F30 120 hp (89 kW) Rotax 618 two-strokes and the 80 hp (60 kW) Rotax 912UL, the 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912ULS four-stroke powerplant.
 Acrolite 1M
 Single-seat high-wing, strut-braced monoplane. Engines include 40 hp (30 kW) Rotax 447, 50 hp (37 kW) Rotax 503 and the 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582 two-strokes or other similar powerplants. Acrolight Aircraft reports that no prototype has been completed or flown by September 2012.
 Acrolite 1T
 Single-seat triplane for sportsman aerobatics, with wings covered with epoxy fiberglass sheet or optionally plywood. Ailerons are only fitted to the middle wing. Engines include 40 hp (30 kW) Rotax 447, 50 hp (37 kW) Rotax 503 and the 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582 two-stroke powerplants.
 Acrolite 2M
 Two seats in tandem, high-wing strut-braced monoplane intended for the Canadian advanced ultralight category and American light-sport aircraft category, first flown in June 1994. Engines include 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582, 74 hp (55 kW) Rotax 618 two-strokes and the 80 hp (60 kW) Rotax 912UL and 85 hp (63 kW) Jabiru 2200 four-stroke powerplants. As of August 2012, the design does not appear on the Federal Aviation Administration's list of approved special light-sport aircraft or on Transport Canada's list of advanced ultralights.

Aircraft