cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. The agency is a part of the United States Department of the Interior. 

The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization has four major science disciplines: biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The USGS is a fact-finding research organization. It has no power to regulate.

The USGS science focus is on seven "Mission Areas", (1) Climate and land use change, (2) Core science systems, (3) Ecosystems, (4) Energy and minerals, (5) Environmental health, (6) Natural hazards, and (7) Water.  

Administratively, it is divided into a Headquarters unit and six Regional Units.  Other specific programs include:

Earthquakes 
The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program monitors earthquake activity worldwide. Its National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) in Golden, Colorado detects the location and magnitude of global earthquakes. The USGS also runs or supports several regional monitoring networks in the U.S. under the umbrella of the Advanced National Seismic System  (ANSS). The USGS informs authorities, emergency responders, the media, and the public, both domestic and worldwide, about significant earthquakes. It also maintains long-term archives of earthquake data for scientific and engineering research. It also conducts and supports research on long-term seismic hazards.

The USGS operates the streamgaging network for the United States, with over 7400 streamgages. Real-time streamflow data are available online.
The motto of the USGS is "Science for a changing world."

Other websites

References

1879 establishments in the United States
United States government agencies
National mapping agencies
Geology
United States Department of the Interior
A mudflow or mudslide occurs when mud travels down a slope very quickly. Mudflows, which are like giant moving mud pies, happen when lots of water mixes with soil and rock. The water makes the slippery mass of mud flow quickly down. Mudflows happen most in mountainous places where a long dry season is followed by heavy rains. 

Mudflows of volcanic eruptions are the most dangerous, and are called lahars. A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley. Lahars can move as quickly as 80km/h and are as thick as liquid concrete.

Lahars have several possible causes:
 Snow and glaciers can be melted by lava or pyroclastic flows during an eruption
 A flood caused by a glacier, lake breakout, or heavy rainfall can release a lahar, also called glacier run
 Water from a crater lake, combined with volcanic material in an eruption
Lahars can occur without volcanic activity, if conditions are right for the collapse and movement of mud from existing volcanic ash deposits.
 Snow and glaciers can melt during periods of mild weather
 Earthquakes underneath or close to the volcano can shake material loose and cause it to collapse triggering a lahar avalanche.
Rainfall or typhoons can cause slabs of solidified mud to come rushing down the slopes, with devastating results.

References 

Volcanoes
Natural disasters
Stuart Duncan (born April 14, 1964) is an American fiddle, banjo, mandolin, and guitar player. In his career, Duncan has recorded with artists such as Dolly Parton, Barbra Streisand, George Strait, Reba McEntire, Bela Fleck, Jerry Douglas, and Chris Thile.

Other websites
http://www.mikecompton.net/Photos/Promo/NBB.Bio_TwentyYearBlues.doc 

American guitarists
Banjo players
Fiddlers
American bluegrass musicians
Country musicians
1964 births
Living people
Mandolinists
Class and object are basic building blocks in object-oriented programming languages. A class is written by a programmer in a defined structure to create an object (computer science) in an object oriented programming language. It defines a set of properties and methods that are common to all objects of one type.  

For example, a class could be a car, which could have a color field, four tire fields, and a drive method.
Another related class could be a truck, which would have similar fields, but not be exactly the same as a car. Both a car and a truck could be a kind of a third class which could be called a vehicle class. In this way, the programmer could create the parts of the program that are the same for both the car and the truck in programming the vehicle class, yet the programmer would be free to program how a car is different from a truck without duplicating all of the programming.

In this example, there are three classes: 1) a class called "car", 2) a class called "pick-up truck", and 3) a class called "vehicle". These classes would be used to make objects. Although there is only one class called "car", there could be many objects that are created from the class called "car". And, although there is only one class that is called "truck", many objects of type truck could be created from this class. The "vehicle" class is actually general and there would probably not be any objects that were only of the class "vehicle". But a car would be a kind of vehicle and a truck would also be a kind of vehicle. So, you could say that both cars and trucks are from the same class, vehicle.

Inside of classes are two kinds of things: methods and fields (or properties). Methods can store the code for doing actions; in this example you could have a drive method and a brake method, and maybe a turnRight and turnLeft method. Fields store data; you could have a color field, a speed field and a size field. You can call methods by first making an object of the Car or Truck class, and call it for example ferrari, and doing ferrari.methodName(). In this case, if we wanted to make the vehicle move, we could do ferrari.drive().

Example 
Here is an example realized with Java. Please notice that all unnecessary aspects are left out.

public class vehicle { // base class for all vehicles
  String color; // field color
  int position; // field position
  
  public void drive(int distance) { // method drive
    this.position += distance;
  }
}

public class car extends vehicle {
  int persons; // a new field called persons
  
  public void getIn() { // method to get into the car
    this.persons++;
  }
  
  public void getOut() { // method to get out of the car
    this.persons--;
  }
}

public class truck extends vehicle {
  String load; // a new field called load
  
  public void load(String load) { // method to load the truck
    this.load = load;
  }
  
  public String unload() { // method to unload the truck
    String oldLoad = this.load;
    this.load = null;
    return oldLoad;
  }
}

Computer programming
The loggerhead sea turtle or loggerhead, (Caretta caretta), is a type of turtle that lives in the sea. It is from the family Cheloniidae.    

Loggerheads live in the seas around the world. Most of the beaches where loggerheads lay eggs are found on the coasts of the United States in North America (mostly in Florida), Oman in Asia, and Australia in the Pacific Ocean. Some loggerheads also live near other countries like Chile, Greece, and Indonesia.

How they live 
Loggerheads eat fish, squid, jellyfish, crabs, and other small sea animals. Loggerheads mate while they are moving in the seas mostly from March to June every 2 or 3 years. When they are ready to lay eggs female loggerheads always come back to the same beach where they came out of their eggs as babies. Most loggerheads lay eggs in June and July. Most lay between 100 and 126 eggs. The eggs look much like ping-pong balls.

When they come out of the eggs baby loggerheads are called hatchlings. They usually come out at night so that other animals, like birds and crabs, do not eat them. The hatchlings follow light from the morning sun to the sea. They swim out to parts of the ocean that have seaweed (plants that grow in the sea) to hide from other animals while they grow.

Most loggerheads move to warm waters during months that are colder but some hibernate, or sleep for long times, when it is cold. When they are hibernating they can stay under the water for up to seven hours before coming up for air.

Loggerheads live 30 to 50 years or more.

Protecting them from people 
In the past loggerhead sea turtles were hunted by people for meat and for their eggs. Also their fat and shells were used to make medicines, combs, and other things. The number of loggerheads today is small and so governments in many countries have laws that do not allow them to be hunted anymore.

The main danger for loggerheads now is the nets used by fishermen which can accidentally kill the turtles. They are also killed by boats, fishing hooks, and other dangers from people.

Civilization is harming the loggerhead reproduction cycle, due to beach construction.

Related pages 

Sea turtle
Hawksbill turtle

Further reading 
  Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is endangered and the criteria used
 Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection - Endangered, Threatened & Special Concern Reptiles

Other websites 

 International: 
 U.S.: Loggerhead Turtle- by NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources
 Florida: Loggerhead Sea Turtle- by U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service's North Florida Field Office
 Caribbean: Caribbean Conservation Corporation & Sea Turtle Survival League
 Africa: Marine Turtles-Africa- Convention on Migratory Species

Turtles
Marine reptiles
The Islamic Golden Age, also sometimes known as the 
Islamic Renaissance, lasted from the 8th century AD to the 13th century. It is regarded as starting with the reign of Harun al-Rashid. Some scholars think one should count even the 15th and the 16th centuries to this period.

This period was called Golden Age, because engineers, scholars and traders in the Islamic world did much for the arts, agriculture, economics, industry, law, literature, navigation, philosophy, sciences, and technology in this time. They built upon earlier traditions and added inventions and innovations of their own. Howard R. Turner writes: "Muslim artists and scientists, princes and laborers together created a unique culture that has directly and indirectly influenced societies on every continent."

Other websites 
 Golden age of Arab and Islamic Culture 
 The Influence of Islamic Philosophy and Ethics on The Development of Medicine During the Islamic Renaissance - By Dr. Sharif Kaf Al-Ghazal

Notes 

History of Islam
Periods and ages in history
Ellen Louise Axson Wilson (May 15, 1860 – August 6, 1914), first wife of Woodrow Wilson was First Lady of the United States from 1913 until her death.

Early life
Ellen spent her childhood in  Rome, Georgia. Her father’s name was Reverend S.E. Axson. Her father was a Presbyterian minister. Thomas Woodrow Wilson first saw Ellen when he was about six and she only a baby. In 1883, as a young lawyer from Atlanta, "Tommy" visited Rome (Georgia) and met "Miss Ellie Lou" again. She was looking after her father’s household. He wanted to marry her. The marriage took place in 1885, as she did not immediately wanted to leave her father alone. 

In the same year, her husband got a teaching job at Bryn Mawr College.  They lived near the campus. She kept her younger brother with them. The Wilson couple had three children. Margaret was born in 1886; Jessie was born in 1887. A third child named Eleanor was born in Connecticut, while Wilson was teaching at Wesleyan University. 

Beginning in 1890, her husband had a well-known career at Princeton University. This brought much social responsibility to Ellen.  She spent most of her time painting.  She had a studio in the White House where she painted.

First Lady
The Wilson couple began their administration without any party. As the First Lady, Ellen’s entertainments were also simple. But her  and warmness made the people happy. Her parties became successes. 

As the First Lady, Ellen Wilson tried for improving the housing for the "Negroes" living in Washington D.C. She visited the slums where Negro families lived. This brought their bad living condition to the attention of the Congressmen.

Death
She had Bright's disease. She died on 6 August 1914 after an operation on her appendix. At the time of her death, she quietly said to the physician: "…take good care of my husband." She also told her physician to tell her husband to marry again after her death. Wilson was very sad at her death. He took her to Rome, Georgia for burial. He would later marry Edith Wilson in 1915.

References
Original text based on White House biography 

1860 births
1914 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Woodrow Wilson
First Ladies of the United States
People from Savannah, Georgia
The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI, World Canine Organisation) is an association of kennel clubs. It is based in Thuin, Belgium.

It has 84 members and contract partners (one member per country) that each issue their own pedigrees (rules about how each type of dog should look) and train their own judges. The FCI makes sure that the pedigrees and judges are of one FCI member are recognised by all other FCI members.

Other websites 
World Canine Organisation, in English 

Dogs
Organizations based in Europe
1911 establishments in Europe
Robertstown is a village in County Kildare, Ireland.  It is near to many famous villages such as Allenwood.

Villages in Ireland
County Kildare
Breckerfeld is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalia, (Germany). It is in the southeastern part of the Ruhr area in northern Sauerland.

References

Other websites

Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Ennepe-Ruhr Rural District
Paul Raud (October 22, 1865 - November 22, 1930) was an Estonian painter. He had twin brother, Kristijan Raud, who was also painter. Paul Raud studied in Düsseldorfi art academy.

Related pages

Düsseldorf school of painting

Estonian people
Painters
Twin people
1865 births
1930 deaths
Alhazen<ref> (Arabic: أبو علي الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم, Latinized: Alhacen or Ibn al-Haytham)</ref> or Alhacen or ibn al-Haytham (965–1039) was a pioneer of modern optics. Some have also described him as a "pioneer of the modern scientific method" and "first scientist", but others think this overstates his contribution. Alhazen's Risala fi’l-makan (Treatise on Place) discussed theories on the motion of a body. He maintained that a body moves perpetually unless an external force stops it or changes its direction of motion. He laid foundations for telescopic astronomy.

He was an Arab Muslim polymath who made contributions to the principles of optics, as well as to anatomy, engineering, mathematics, medicine, ophthalmology, philosophy, physics, psychology, Muslim theology, visual perception. He is sometimes called al-Basri (Arabic: البصري), after his birthplace in the city of Basra in Iraq (Mesopotamia).

Alhazen lived mainly in Cairo, Egypt, dying there at age 74. Over-confident about practical application of his mathematical knowledge, he thought he could regulate the floods of the Nile. When he was ordered by Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, the sixth ruler of the Fatimid caliphate, to carry out this operation, he realized he could not do it, and retired from engineering. Fearing for his life, he pretended to be mad, and was placed under house arrest. For the rest of his life he devoted himself entirely to his scientific work.

Related pages
 Islamic Golden Age
 Book of Optics
 Scientific method

 References 

 Other websites 
 
 
 Ibn al-Haitham on two Iraqi banknotes
 The Miracle of Light – a UNESCO article on Ibn Haitham
 Roshdi Rashed, A Polymath in the 10th century, Science 297''' (2002): 773
 A.I. Sabra, "Ibn al-Haytham: brief life of an Arab mathematician" 

935 births
1039 deaths
Astronomers
Engineers
Mathematicians
Philosophers
Physicians
Scientists
A weather or sounding balloon is a balloon (specifically a type of high altitude balloon) which carries instruments in the sky to send back information on atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity by means of a small measuring tool called a radiosonde. To get wind data, they can be tracked by radar, radio direction finding, or navigation systems (such as the satellite based Global Positioning System). 

The invention of the weather balloon started the age of remote sensing, the ability to collect information where there are no people.  Weather balloons are a major tool of atmospheric research. High altitude balloons have also been used by astronomers and cosmologists to take readings of certain particle frequencies or gather light readings free of excessive disturbance from Earth's lower atmosphere (troposphere).

The first observation balloon was launched immediately before the first manned balloon flight by Frenchmen Jean-François de Rozier and the Marquis d'Aalandes on November 21, 1783, for a pre-flight wind reading. Later, French meteorologist Leon Teisserenc de Bort (1855-1913) pioneered the use of weather balloons, handily proving their utility. With balloon-acquired data, he determined the existence of a lower level of the atmosphere, which he termed the troposphere or "sphere of change," where weather takes place. Since the 1930s, when radio tracking systems were invented, balloons have been used as complete floating weather stations, using such instruments as thermometers, barometers, hygrometers, cameras, and telescopes.

Many agencies use weather balloon flights to model the atmosphere and to make more accurate weather predictions.  They collect such atmospheric information as temperature , pressure, and humidity that can then be plotted on weather maps. Three-dimensional atmospheric modeling is also possible using weather balloons because the instruments they carry are able to provide data collected from several different altitude points.  Since they started, the long bags of helium have been carrying aloft increasingly sophisticated observation devices.  The take the science of weather observation literally to the edges of outer space .

Weather
Xenophilius Lovegood is a fictional character of the Harry Potter series. He is the father of Luna Lovegood (friend of Harry Potter), and the editor of The Quibbler, a magazine in which he writes the things that just he believes,  such as Nargles and Crumple-Horned Shortsnack. However, during the Second Wizarding War, his magazine published reliable news, to the point that most people switched to it for news. Only when his daughter was kidnapped that the Quibbler started to turn against Harry Potter. Lovegood was played by Rhys Ifans in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.

Harry Potter characters

de:Figuren der Harry-Potter-Romane#Xenophilius Lovegood
en:List of supporting Harry Potter characters#Xenophilius Lovegood
es:Anexo:Personajes secundarios de Harry Potter#Xenophilius Lovegood
hu:A Harry Potter szereplőinek listája#További varázslók és boszorkányok
no:Liste over figurer i Harry Potter-bøkene#Xenofilius Lunekjær
sv:Mindre rollfigurer i Harry Potter#Xenophilius Lovegood
Blumenau is a city of the Santa Catarina state, in Brazil, with 300,000 inhabitants.

Cities in Santa Catarina
There are a lot parishes that have the name São José (Portuguese for Saint Joseph):

In Europe

In the Azores

São José, a parish in the municipality of Ponta Delgada

In Portugal

São José, a parish in the municipality of Lisbon
São José, a parish in the municipality of Viseu

In South America

In Brazil

São José, Santa Catarina
São José do Alegre, Minas Gerais
São José dos Ausentes, Rio Grande do Sul
São José da Barra, Minas Gerais
São José do Barreiro, São Paulo
São José dos Basílios, Maranhão
São José da Bela Vista, São Paulo
São José do Belmonte, Pernambuco
São José da Boa Vista, Paraná
São José do Bonfim, Paraíba
São José do Brejo do Cruz, Paraíba
São José de Caiana, Paraíba
São José do Calçado, Espírito Santo
São José do Campestre, Rio Grande do Norte
São José dos Campos, São Paulo
São José do Cedro, Santa Catarina
São José do Cerrito, Santa Catarina
São José dos Cordeiros, Paraíba
São José da Coroa Grande, Pernambuco
São José do Divino, Minas Gerais
São José do Divino, Piauí
São José do Egito, Pernambuco
São José de Espinharas, Paraíba
São José do Goiabal, Minas Gerais
São José do Herval, Rio Grande do Sul
São José do Hortêncio, Rio Grande do Sul
São José do Inhacorá, Rio Grande do Sul
São José do Jacuípe, Bahia
São José do Jacuri, Minas Gerais
São José da Lagoa Tapada, Paraíba
São José da Laje, Alagoas
São José da Lapa, Minas Gerais
São José do Mantimento, Minas Gerais
São José de Mipibu, Rio Grande do Norte
São José das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul
São José do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul
São José do Ouro, Rio Grande do Sul
São José das Palmeiras, Paraná
São José do Peixe, Piauí
São José do Piauí, Piauí
São José dos Pinhais, Paraná
São José de Piranhas, Paraíba
São José do Povo, Mato Grosso
São José de Princesa, Paraíba
São José dos Quatro Marcos, Mato Grosso
São José dos Ramos, Paraíba
São José de Ribamar, Maranhão
São José do Rio Claro, Mato Grosso
São José do Rio Pardo, São Paulo
São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo
São José do Sabugi, Paraíba
São José da Safira, Minas Gerais
São José do Seridó, Rio Grande do Norte
São José da Tapera, Alagoas
São José de Ubá, Rio de Janeiro
São José do Vale do Rio Preto, Rio de Janeiro
São José da Varginha, Minas Gerais
São José da Vitória, Bahia
São José do Xingu, Mato Grosso

Sports
São José Esporte Clube, a Brazilian football club.
Esporte Clube São José, a Brazilian football club.
Sociedade Esportiva e Recreativa São José, a Brazilian football club.

Other 

The São José, a Portuguese shipwreck off Mozambique that sunk on July 23, 1622. The ship belonged to the flotilla that brought Francisco da Gama to Goa for his second term (1622–1628) as Vice-Roy of Portuguese India.
Itajaí is a city of the Santa Catarina state, in Brazil. The biggest city in Santa Catarina is Joinville. The city was started on June 15, 1860.  People started living in Itajai as early as the year 1658.

Geography 
Itajaí can be found on the northern coast of the state. It is found on the banks of the river Rio Itajaí-Açu.  The name of the city came from the name of the river.  Itajaí has the cities Balneário Camboriú, Camboriú, Brusque, Gaspar,  Ilhota and Navegantes next to it.  Itajaí is found on the base Baixo Vale do Itajaí.  It is next to the Atlantic Ocean.  Itajai is pretty much built on a plain.  Highway BR-101 is the main highway that passes by the city. Highways SC-100, SC-486, SC-470, and BR-470, connects Itajaí to the rest of the state.

Sister cities 
Itajaí has the following sister cities:

Other websites 
 The City of Itajaí Website
 The Port of Itajaí Website

Cities in Santa Catarina
1860 establishments
19th-century establishments in Brazil
Joinville is a city in Santa Catarina state in southern Brazil. It is a major industrial city. It is the largest city in Santa Catarina. About 550,000 people live in the city, and about 1.3 million people live in the surrounding metropolitan area. Most of the people are of German, Swiss and Norwegian descent. It is the third largest city in the southern region of Brazil.

Industry
Joinville is also the third largest industrial center in southern Brazil. The region produces more than 30% of the total GDP of the state of Santa Catarina. The largest corporations with headquarters in the city are Amanco, Busscar, Ciser, Datasul, Docol, Döhler, Embraco, Tupy, Lepper, Tigre, Wetzel, Whirlpool, Viqua, Schulz, and Universal Leaf Tobacco.

Dance festival
Joinville is known as the city of the Princes, flowers, dance and bicycles. The Joinville Dance Festival is a major event in the month of July  - it is recognized as the world's largest dance festival (listed in the Guinness Book of Records). A subsidiary of the School of Ballet of the Bolshoi Theatre, the only one outside Russia, is highlighted in the training of dancers.

Airport
The Airport of Joinville (Lauro Carneiro de Loyola) is one of the largest in South Region. It is located 13 km from the city center, 110 km from airport and 163 km from Curitiba to Florianópolis Airport. Of Joinville there are several daily flights to São Paulo (Congonhas), through Companies: Gol Airlines, TAM and Azul.

Cities in Santa Catarina
Berwick-upon-Tweed is a town in Northumberland, United Kingdom. It is the most northerly town in England, and is 2 miles from Scotland. Around 15,000 people live in Berwick. Many people visit Berwick because it is a nearby market town.

Berwick used to be a Scottish town and a very important port. The town's ownership has changed more than 12 times. In 1482, the English took Berwick and never lost it again. Today, many Scottish people live in Berwick.

The Scottish county called Berwickshire is named after Berwick.

References 

Towns in Northumberland
An instrumental is music that has no words or people singing. The music is made only by musical instruments, or by makings sounds using other things, like bins.

Some types of music like Jazz and classical music have a lot of instrumentals, but most other types of popular music do not.

Some very popular instrumental songs are:

 "Theme from A Summer Place" by Percy Faith
 "Grazing in the Grass" by Hugh Masekela
 "Classical Gas" by Mason Williams
 "Frankenstein" by Edgar Winter Group
 "Love's Theme" by Love Unlimited Orchestra
 "The Hustle" - Van McCoy
 "Rise" by Herb Alpert
 "Chariots of Fire" by Vangelis
 "Miami Vice Theme" by Jan Hammer

References 

Music
Currywurst is a German dish.  It is made from a pork sausage (), sliced and covered in a curry sauce (usually ketchup or tomato paste blended with curry) and generous amounts of curry powder. 

Currywurst is often sold as a take-out/take-away food, Schnell-Imbisse, at diners or "greasy spoons," on children's menus in restaurants, or as a street food.

Berlin legend says that Herta Heuwer, from Königsberg, invented the currywurst sauce by experimenting at her stall in Berlin-Charlottenburg in 1949.

People from the Ruhr-area say that the sauce was accidentally invented by a sausage stall owner in Essen, who dropped a can with curry powder into some ketchup. 

Early in his career German pop singer Herbert Grönemeyer, raised in Bochum, wrote a song, in the Ruhr dialect, to currywurst.

Although Berlin claims currywurst as its invention and "national dish", all over Germany, there are more than 20 different types of currywurst.

Other websites

All about Currywurst (German Fanpage)
Currywurst Club Hamburg (German Fanpage)
Deutsches Currywurst Museum Berlin
Currywurst recipe variant and photos

References 

German food
Sausage
Johann Palisa (December 6 1848–May 2 1925) was an Austrian astronomer, born in Troppau in Austrian Silesia (now in the Czech Republic).

He was a good finder of asteroids, finding 122 in all, from 136 Austria in 1874 to 1073 Gellivara in 1923. Some of the notable asteroids he found include 153 Hilda, 216 Kleopatra, 243 Ida, 253 Mathilde, 324 Bamberga, and the Amor asteroid 719 Albert.

The asteroid 914 Palisana and the Palisa crater on the Moon were named in his honour.

Early work
From 1866 to 1870, Palisa studied mathematics and astronomy at the University of Vienna; however, he did not graduate until 1884. Despite this, by 1870 he was an assistant at the University's observatory, and a year later gained a position at the observatory in Geneva. A few years later, in 1872, at the age of 24, Palisa became the leader of the Austrian Naval Observatory in Pola. While at Pola, he found his first asteroid, 136 Austria, on March 18, 1874. Along with this, he found twenty-seven minor planets and one comet. During his stay in Pola he used a small six-inch refractor telescope to aid in his research.

Family
Palisa named some of the asteroids after his family: (320) Katharina after his mother, Katherina, (321) Florentina after his daughter Florentine. His second wife is Anna.

Sources

Obituaries

  

1848 births
1925 deaths
Astronomers
The Vulgate (lat. Vulgata) is a translation of the Christian Bible. St. Jerome did most of the work. The Vulgate was written in Latin in the 5th century.

Versio vulgata  is Latin for the "version commonly used".

Other websites 

  The Clementine Vulgate, searchable – 2005 Edition. Michael Tweedale, et alia. No apocrypha.
 Biblia Vulgata  Stuttgart edition, flanked by Douay-Rheims and King James Versions
 Stuttgart Vulgate, with Douay-Rheims Version, Gallican Psalter and complete Daniel
Stuttgart Vulgate with Apocrypha, but missing Psalm 151 and Laodiceans
 Nova Vulgata, from the Vatican
 Timeline of Jerome's translations 
 Treasures in Full: Gutenberg Bible Complete digitized texts of the two Gutenberg bibles in the British Library
Codex Gigas – Official Codex Gigas site at the National Library of Sweden. Complete digitized manuscript.
 Quattuor Evangeliorum Consonantia  – The Latin harmony of the Gospels (1)
 Quattuor Evangeliorum Consonantia  – The Latin harmony of the Gospels (2)
 Free audio recording of Psalm 22(23) from the juxta Hebraicum psalter by Librivox
 Latin Vulgate Project with Douay-Rheims version
 Biblia Sacra Vulgata – Novum Testamentum Latine (Latin)
 Learn Bible Latin reading the Vulgate from lesson 1
 SacredBible.org the Clementine Vulgate in the 1861 Vercellone, 1914 Hetzenauer, and 1822 Leander van Ess editions.
 Greek Latin Audio downloadable audio files of almost the entire New Testatment Vulgate

Bible versions
5th century
MC Hammer (born Stanley Kirk Burrell on March 30, 1962) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, dancer, and actor. He was popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Hammer is known for becoming very rich and well known in a short period of time. His fame and money did not last long though. He lost it all in a very short period. Hammer was also known for the pants he wore. "Hammer Pants" became a fashion trend while he was popular . He became a preacher in the 1990s. Hammer now works as a television host and CEO.

Hammer was a contestant in the first season of The Surreal Life.

Hammer is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election.

Discography

Albums

Singles

References

Other websites 
 
 
 MC Hammer on Yahoo! Music 
 What Ever happened to ... MC Hammer
 MC Hammer blog

African American musicians
American chief executives
Rap musicians from California
Businesspeople from Oakland, California
Democrats (United States)
Military people from California
Singers from Oakland, California
Musicians from Oakland, California
Television personalities from California
The Surreal Life participants
1962 births
Living people
A nuclear power plant is a type of power station that generates electricity using heat from nuclear reactions.  These reactions take place within a reactor.  The plant also has machines which remove heat from the reactor to operate a steam turbine and generator to make electricity.  Electricity made by nuclear power plants is called nuclear power. 

Nuclear power plants are usually near water to remove the heat the reactor makes. Some nuclear power plants use cooling towers to do this. Nuclear power plants use uranium as fuel.  When the reactor is on, uranium atoms inside the reactor split into two smaller atoms.  When uranium atoms split, they give off a large amount of heat.  This splitting of atoms is called fission.  

The most popular atoms to fission are uranium and plutonium.  Those atoms are slightly radioactive.  The atoms produced when fuel atoms break apart are strongly radioactive.  Today, fission only happens in nuclear reactors.  In nuclear reactors, fission only happens when the reactors parts are arranged properly.  Nuclear power plants turn their reactors off when replacing old nuclear fuel with new fuel.  

There are about four hundred nuclear power plants in the world, with many in the United States, France, and Japan. Some famous accidents at nuclear power plants were the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan, 1986 Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine, and the 1979 Three Mile Island accident in the United States.  An Anti-nuclear movement in Australia opposes the making of any nuclear power plants in the country.

 
Power plants
Nuclear energy
Charing Cross Hospital is a hospital in London, England. 
Charing Cross Hospital was set up in Villiers Street, London, in 1823. It became known as Charing Cross Hospital in 1827. It was set up after Dr. Benjamin Golding started a meeting in 1818.

It was originally built in Central London but it was moved after World War II. It reopened on Fulham Palace Road in 1973. The hospital was designed and built by Decimus Burton. It was much bigger and more modern than others at the time. Today it is still in use. It is a teaching hospital for students. It has 15 floors.

Notes

Buildings and structures in London
Hospitals in the United Kingdom
Sonic the Hedgehog 2, also called Sonic 2, is the second video game in the Sonic the Hedgehog series. It is a sequel to Sonic the Hedgehog. It was made by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Sega Mega Drive in 1992. Unlike the first game, it has a half-pipe special stage and has seven chaos emeralds (see "chaos emerald") instead of six. It also introduces Miles "Tails" Prower.

Development of the game began in November 1991. The game was developed by both Japanese and American staff at Sega Technical Institute.

Development
After the release of the original Sonic the Hedgehog, creator Yuji Naka quit Sega due to disagreements over corporate policy. Mark Cerny, who had recently created Sega Technical Institute (STI) inCalifornia, met with Naka in Japan. He offered Naka a higher salary and more creative freedom if he joined STI. Naka agreed. Hirokazu Yasuhara, the lead level designer of Sonic the Hedgehog, also decided to join STI.

Story and Gameplay 
The game's story is that Dr. Robotnik has flew to another island, and it's up to Sonic and his new friend, Tails, to stop him. The doctor has found 7 special gems and they grant him ultimate power. The player must take him down. The gameplay is similar to the first Sonic the Hedgehog game. The player can run, curl up into a ball and jump, and perform a new move, the Spindash. The spindash is a move where Sonic can curl up, gain energy, and roll at high speeds. At the end of the game, the heroes can be seen flying in the air. The game has variety in its gameplay, with a flying section in a plane level.

Reception

Because of the popularity of its predecessor, Sonic the Hedgehog 2 already had a fanbase waiting for its release. The game received a lot of praise, and it was a bestseller in the UK charts for 2 months. As of 2006, the game had sold over 6 million copies. This makes it the second best-selling game on the Sega Genesis.

Electronic Gaming Monthly said it was the best Genesis game of 1992.

The most common criticisms were about the two-player mode, a first for the series.

Notes

References

Sonic the Hedgehog games
1992 video games
Platform games
Sega Genesis games
Video games developed in Japan
Video game sequels
United Airlines Flight 175 was the second hijacked airplane of the September 11, 2001 attacks. The flight was traveling from Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts to Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California.

It crashed into the South Tower of the World Trade Center. The plane was hijacked by five members of al-Qaeda. The plane was a Boeing 767. 56 people (including 5 hijackers) and 9 crew members died in the crash. The time of the crash was 9:03 Eastern Daylight Time. Unlike American Airlines Flight 11, which crashed into the North tower 17.5 minutes earlier, Flight 175 was the only plane seen live on television because of the media attention drawn to the scene from the crash of Flight 11.

Aircraft 

The aircraft used in the attack was a Boeing 767-222. The aircraft had a registration of N612UA, and it was built in 1983 by Boeing.  The airplane could seat 168 passengers in total (10 seats in first class, 33 seats in business class, and 125 seats in economy class). On this particular flight, 56 passengers (5 of which were hijackers), and nine staff members. All together, United Airlines Flight 175 carried 65 people on the morning of September 11.

References

Other websites 
 Brief summary of United Airlines Flight 175, as well as a complete victim list 

September 11 attacks
2001 aviation disasters
James Patrick Page OBE (born 9 January 1944 in Heston, Middlesex, England) is an English guitarist, songwriter and producer. He began his career as a studio session guitarist in London. From 1966 to 1968 he was a member of The Yardbirds. After that band ended Page went on to form the band Led Zeppelin.

Allmusic describes Page as "one of the most influential and important guitarists in rock history". In 2003, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked Page #9 in its list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".

From the early 1970s to the early 1990s, Page owned the Boleskine House. Earlier, the house had belonged to occultist Aleister Crowley. Page was interested in the magic that Crowley used. 

Along with Tony Iommi of Black Sabbath, Page is oft considered one of the greatest riff writers of all time.

Jimmy Page has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. The first time was in 1992 as a member of The Yardbirds. He was inducted again in 1995 as a member of Led Zeppelin.

References

Other websites 
 Official 2007 Led Zeppelin reunion page
 The Pre-Zeppelin Jimmy Page (audio)
 Fresh Air Interview, June 2003 (audio)

1944 births
Living people
English guitarists
English songwriters
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Middlesex
John Paul Jones (born John Baldwin on 3 January 1946), in Sidcup, Kent) is an English musician and record producer, and was known for being the bassist, the keyboardist and the mandolin player for rock band Led Zeppelin.

Early Years
John started playing the Piano when he was six years old. His father, Joe Baldwin was his teacher. When he was 15 Jones joined his first band called The Deltas. In 1962 Jones joined a band called The Shadows. The Shadows had one hit song called Diamonds, which an artist named Jimmy Page had helped write.

Led Zeppelin
During his time with The Shadows Jones was seen by Jimmy Page. When Jimmy was forming his new band, Jones' wife suggested he ask Jimmy about the new band. Jimmy was very glad that Jones had asked, and the two formed a duo. Soon after singer Robert Plant and drummer John Bonham joined them forming a Quartet. At first, the group was called The New Yardbirds, but the name was soon changed to Led Zeppelin.

References

Other websites
John Paul Jones' Official Website
Led Zeppelin Official Site
JPJ Radio Interview 22 February 2002 with Chris Comer & Rob Ervin

1946 births
Living people
English musicians
English songwriters
Led Zeppelin
Mandolinists
Robert Anthony Plant (born 20 August 1948, West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England), is an English rock singer and musician, and was known for being the lead vocalist for rock band Led Zeppelin. In 2007, he recorded an album with bluegrass fiddler Alison Krauss, and toured with her in 2008.

Other websites
Led Zeppelin Official Site
Official Robert Plant Homepage
Interview with Robert Plant 
1971 Interview with Robert Plant by underground press journalist Rick McGrath. 
2003 Afropop Worldwide Interview with Robert Plant in Mali 
BBC interview with Robert Plant about the Led Zeppelin reunion
YouTube video demonstrating Plant's vocal range, both live and in the studio

1948 births
Living people
English rock musicians
English singers
English songwriters
Led Zeppelin
Musicians from Staffordshire
Jyutping is a romanization for the Cantonese language. It was created by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) in 1993.

Other websites 
 The Jyutping Scheme  - The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong
 Jyutping Pronunciation Guide
 粵語拼盤: Learning the phonetic system of Cantonese
 Chinese Character Database (Phonologically Disambiguated According to the Cantonese Dialect)
 The CantoDict Project  is a dedicated Cantonese-Mandarin-English online dictionary which uses Jyutping by default

Linguistics
Yelle (born Julie Budet, January 17, 1983) is a French singer and rapper from the city of Saint-Brieuc. She became famous from MySpace.com when she uploaded a song called "Short Dick Cuizi". With her producer who is also a close friend called GrandMarnier, Yelle has recorded her first album called POP-UP, after her hit single "Je Veux Te Voir". She was also featured on Fatal Bazooka's song "Parle à ma main" in 2007. As of October 2007, she opened for Mika during his European tour. In February 2008, she performed the song "A cause des Garçons" on the BBC Three programme "Lily Allen and Friends". The programme said that this was her first appearance on UK television.

Discography

Singles

Albums

Other websites
 Official Website
 Image

1983 births
Living people
French pop singers
French songwriters
The nipple is a special structure. Female mammals (and women) use nipples for breastfeeding. The breast in male and female mammals is made the same way. The production of milk for breastfeeding is controlled by hormones. This means that men cannot use their breasts to produce milk (unless they have a problem with their hormones).

Related pages
Breast
Pasties

Torso
American Airlines Flight 77 was American Airlines' transcontinental flight from Washington Dulles International Airport, in Dulles, Virginia to Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California. The flight flew every day in the morning on this route.  On September 11, 2001, the aircraft flying this route—a Boeing 757-223—was hijacked by five al-Qaeda terrorists.  The hijackers crashed the plane into the Pentagon on purpose.  The crash was part of the September 11 attacks.

The hijackers went into the cockpit and made the passengers move to the back of the plane less than 35 minutes into the flight. Hani Hanjour, one of the hijackers who was trained as a pilot, took over the flight. Passengers on the plane were able to make telephone calls to loved ones.  They also called people to tell them what was happening on the plane.  The hijackers did not know that passengers were doing this.

Barbara Olson, wife of U.S. Solicitor General Theodore Olson, was one of the passengers.

The aircraft crashed into the western side of the Pentagon at 09:37 EDT. All 64 people on board the aircraft, including the hijackers, died. 125 people in the building died as well. Dozens of people saw the crash. News sources began reporting on the incident within minutes. The impact damaged an area of the Pentagon and started a large fire. Part of the Pentagon collapsed. Firefighters spent days trying to stop the fire. The damaged areas of the Pentagon were rebuilt in 2002.  The fixed areas were able to be used again starting on August 15, 2002.

The 184 victims of the attack are honored in the Pentagon Memorial next to the Pentagon. The  park contains a bench for each of the victims.  The benches are put in order of the victim's years of birth.  These years range from 1930 (aged 71) to 1998 (aged 3).

Hijackers of American Airlines Flight 77 
 Hani Hanjour
 Nawaf al-Hazmi
 Salem al-Hazmi
 Majed Moqed
 Khalid al-Mihdhar

Other websites 
 American Airlines Flight 77  Brief summary, as well as complete victim list

September 11 attacks
2001 aviation disasters
Sonic the Hedgehog, often times called Sonic 1, is the first video game in the Sonic the Hedgehog series. It was made by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Sega Mega Drive in 1991. It has many sequels and spin-offs.

Plot 
In order to steal six Chaos Emeralds, Dr. Ivo Robotnik traps the animals from South Island in robots. The player controls Sonic, whose goal is to free the animals and retrieve the emeralds. If the player collects them all, the game will have a good ending. If the player does not succeed, the bad ending will show Robotnik keeping the emeralds for himself.

Notes 

1991 video games
Sonic the Hedgehog games
Platform games
Sega Genesis games
Video games developed in Japan
Tekken 2 is a fighting video game made by Namco. It was released in arcades in 1995 and released worldwide on PlayStation in 1996.

Characters
The game contains twenty five characters. Most from the original game return in the game, except Jack.

Returning characters

|width=50% valign=top|
Heihachi Mishima
Marshall Law
Paul Phoenix
Michelle Chang
Nina Williams
King
Yoshimitsu
Kazuya Mishima (unlockable)
Kuma (unlockable)
|width=50% valign=top|
Ganryu (unlockable)
Anna Williams (unlockable)
Prototype Jack (unlockable)
Lee Chaolan (unlockable)
Devil Kazuya (unlockable)
Armor King (unlockable)
Wang Jinrei (unlockable)
Kunimitsu (unlockable)
|}

New characters
Jun Kazama
Lei Wulong
Jack-2
Baek Doo San (unlockable)
Bruce Irvin (unlockable)
Roger (unlockable)
Alex (unlockable)
Angel (unlockable)

Tekken
1996 video games
Alicia Augello Cook (born January 25, 1981), known professionally as Alicia Keys, is an American R&B singer, songwriter and actress. She has sold over forty-one million albums and singles worldwide as of 2007, and has won numerous awards, including fourteen Grammy Awards, eleven Billboard Music Awards, five American Music Awards, and fourteen NAACP Image Awards. first season of the coach The Voice.

Early life
Keys was born on January 25, 1981, in Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan, New York City, New York. Her birth name is Alicia Augello Cook. She is the only child of Teresa Augello, a paralegal and part-time actress, and Craig Cook, a flight attendant. Her mother is of half Italian and half English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry, and her father is of  African American ancestry. Keys has expressed that she was comfortable with her mixed race heritage because she felt she was able to "relate to different cultures".

Discography
 2001: Songs in A Minor
 2003: The Diary of Alicia Keys
 2007: As I Am
 2009: The Element of Freedom
 2012: Girl on Fire
Live albums
Unplugged (2005)

Tours

Filmography

References

Other websites

 
 
 Alicia Keys at Discogs
 Alicia Keys at Metacritic

Actors from New York City
African American musicians
 
American movie actors
American philanthropists
American pianists
Singer-songwriters from New York
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from New York City
Singers from New York City
HuffPost writers and columnists
1981 births
Living people
American Music Awards
BBC 100 Women
Zlata's Diary was a diary  by Bosnia and Herzegovina's Zlata Filipovic. It was written between 1991/1993 about her life at the time. It was mostly about the Bosnian war that erupted near her  in Sarajevo. She starts the fifth grade in the beginning of 1991 and she reunites her friends and her family. 

Zlata's Diary is about a girl that  lived through the Bosnian war. She kept a diary that she called  Mimmy. Her entries were always, "Dear Mimmy" and she'd end with, "Your Zlata". 

Zlata was known as the Anne Frank of Bosnia. The book tells you about her difficult childhood that was stolen away from her as a child. She learned to handle deaths and tragedies throughout the young years of her life. This book is good for children as they can understand the hardships faced by children living in countries in war.

1992 books
Diaries
Bosnia and Herzegovina culture
Anna Bessonova (born 29 July 1984) is a Ukrainian 2 time Olympic Bronze medalist rhythmic gymnast. She was born in Kiev, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, the daughter of Vladimir Bessonov and Viktoria Serkyh-Bessonova. She began training for rhythmic gymnastics at the age of three. She has won a gold medal in the 2007 Patras Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships. She takes interest to modeling and may pursue a career in it. She is coached by Irina Deriugina and Albina Deriugina at Deriugin's School of Rhythmic Gymnastics.

1984 births
Living people
Gymnasts
Olympic bronze medalists
Sportspeople from Kiev
The U.S. state of North Carolina is divided up into 100 counties.

List of counties in North Carolina

Map of counties in North Carolina

References 

North Carolina