cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ross 154 (also named V1216 Sgr) is a star in the southern zodiac constellation of Sagittarius. It has an apparent magnitude of 10.44, so it is much too faint to be seen with the naked eye. The distance to this star can be estimated from parallax measurements, which places it at  away from Earth. It is the nearest star in the southern constellation Sagittarius, and one of the closest to the Sun.

This star was first catalogued by American astronomer Frank Elmore Ross in 1925. Ross 154 was found to be a UV Ceti-type flare star, with a mean time between major flares of about two days. The first such flare activity was observed from Australia in 1951 when the star increased in magnitude by 0.4. Usually, the star will increase by 3–4 magnitudes during a flare. 

Ross 154 is an X-ray source and it has been detected by several X-ray observatories. The quiescent X-ray luminosity is about . X-ray flare emission from this star has been observed by Chandra observatory, with a particularly large flare emitting .

This is a red dwarf star that is generating energy through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen at its core. It has an estimated 17% of the Sun's mass and 24% of the Sun's radius, but it is radiating only 0.38% of the luminosity of the Sun.
This is probably a young star with an age of less than a billion years. The abundance of elements heavier than helium is about half that in the Sun.

Related pages 
List of nearest stars

References 

Variable stars
Red dwarfs
Håvard Nielsen (born 15 July 1993) is a Norwegian football player. He plays as a forward for Eintracht Braunschweig in the German Bundesliga.

Carreer
Nielsen grew up in the Oslo suburb of Oppsal. He began his career with the local club, Oppsal IF. In 2007 he played for Vålerenga Oslo. On 5 October 2009 he played his first match in the Norwegian Premier League against Viking. He was the youngest ever Vålerenga player. In January 2011, he signed a three-year professional contract with Vålerenga.

By the age of 18, Nielsen was an experienced player. On 11 July 2012, he scored his first hat-trick for Vålerenga in the match against Odd Grenland.

In July 2012 he signed with Red Bull Salzburg together with his friend Valon Berisha. In Salzburg he scored a hat-trick in the match against Admira Wacker Mödling during a 4-4 draw. In the following matches he often played only as substitute. After only a few matches he went to Eintracht Braunschweig on loan.

International
Nielsen played in all of Norway's national football teams up to the Under-21 team. He played in the U21 European Championship in Israel where the squad reached the semifinals. In November 2012 he played his first match in the national team in a friendly match against Hungary.

References

Other websites

Norwegian footballers
1993 births
Living people
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
The Hyades (also known as Melotte 25 or Collinder 50) is the nearest open star cluster to the Solar System and one of the best-studied of all star clusters. 

The Hipparcos satellite, the Hubble Space Telescope, and infrared color-magnitude diagram fitting agree a distance of ~153 ly (47 pc) to the cluster centre. The distances given by these three independent methods make the Hyades an important rung on the cosmic distance ladder.  

The cluster consists of a roughly spherical group of hundreds of stars sharing the same age, place of origin, chemical content, and motion through space. From the perspective of observers on Earth, the Hyades cluster is in the constellation Taurus, where its brightest stars form a "V" shape with the even brighter red giant Aldebaran. Aldebaran is completely unrelated to the Hyades, because it is much closer to Earth (hence its apparent brightness) and just happens to lie along the same line of sight.

The four brightest member stars of the Hyades are all red giants that began life as A-type stars and have now evolved off the main sequence. All are within a few light years of each other.  Their Bayer designations are Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, and Theta Tauri.  They form a pattern which was identified as the head of Taurus the Bull.  Epsilon Tauri, also known as Ain (the "Bull's Eye"), harbours at least one gas giant planet.

The age of the Hyades is about 625 million years. The cluster core, where stars are most densely packed, has a radius of 2.7 parsecs (corresponding to a diameter of 17.6 light years), and the cluster's tidal radius is 10 parsecs (corresponding to a diameter of 65 light years). About one-third of confirmed member stars have been observed well outside this boundary, in the cluster's extended halo. These stars are probably in the process of escaping from its gravitational influence.

References 

Open star clusters
Outkast are two American hip-hop musicians, André "André 3000" Benjamin and Antwan "Big Boi" Patton. At first they were known as Two Shades Deep. Their early music was a mixture of Southern hip hop and G-funk. Their later music includes rock, electronic, soul, jazz, funk, and blues sounds. In 2003 Outkast's singles "Hey Ya!" and "The Way You Move" reached number one in the Billboard Hot 100. Outkast have won six Grammy Awards.

Career

Beginning years, Southernplaylisticadillacmuzic, ATLiens, Aquemini and Stankonia (1992-2001)
Outkast started in 1992 when Benjamin and Patton were students at Tri-Cities High School in Atlanta. They were signed to LaFace Records that year. Their first album, Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik, was released on April 26, 1994. The album was produced by Organized Noize. The album was important in the making of Southern hip hop.

In 1996 Outkast released their second album, ATLiens. It entered the US Billboard 200 at number two. Three singles were released from the album.

Outkast's third album Aquemini was released on September 29, 1998. It got good reviews from music critics.

On October 31, 2000 Stankonia was released. It entered the Billboard 200 at number two after selling over 530,000 copies in its first week. Outkast's first greatest hits album Big Boi and Dre Present... Outkast was released on December 4, 2001.

They did have tours for these four albums.
The Southernplaylisticadillacmuzic Tour (1994-1995)
The ATLiens Tour (1996-1997)
The Aquemini Tour (1998-1999)
The Stankonia Tour (2000-2001)

Speakerboxxx/The Love Below (2002-2004)
In September 2003 Outkast released Speakerboxxx/The Love Below. The album was different to Outkast's previous albums because it was a double album. The "album" is actually two albums. Speakerboxxx, the first disc, is an album by Big Boi. The Love Below, the second disc, is an album by André 3000. Speakerboxxx/The Love Below is Outkast's best selling album so far. It won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 2004. It was the first hip hop album to win the award. The album's first single "Hey Ya!" was number one in the United States for nine weeks. It sold over one million copies there. It also reached number one in Canada, Australia, Norway, and Sweden. The second single "The Way You Move" spent eight weeks at number two in the Billboard Hot 100 while "Hey Ya!" was number one. In 2004 the album's third single "Roses" was released. It reached number four in the UK Singles Chart.

They had a tour for this album from 2003-2004.

Idlewild (2005-2006)
On August 22, 2006 Outkast's sixth album Idlewild was released. The album was the soundtrack for the movie Idlewild. Rolling Stone gave the album four out of five stars.

They had a mini-tour in 2006.

References

Other websites
Official website

Musical groups established in 1992
African-American musical groups
Grammy Award winners
American hip hop bands
Keeping Up with the Kardashians is an American reality television series that airs on E!. It started on October 14, 2007. It is about the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian and Jenner families. It focuses on sisters Kourtney, Kim, and Khloé Kardashian, as well as their brother Rob Kardashian, their mother Kris Jenner, their stepfather Caitlyn Jenner, their half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kourtney's boyfriend Scott Disick. It has aired for eight seasons. It aired its 100th episode on August 11, 2013.

The show has gotten good reviews from critics. However, it is often criticized for using the "famous for being famous" concept, where a celebrity becomes famous for no identifiable reason. It has also been criticized for making up most of its storyline. The show has had four spin-offs: Kourtney and Kim Take Miami, Kourtney and Kim Take New York, Khloé & Lamar and Kourtney and Khloe Take the Hamptons.

On September 8, 2020, the show will end after 20 seasons.

References

Other websites

2007 American television series debuts
2000s American reality television series
2000s LGBT television series
2010s American reality television series
2010s LGBT television series
American LGBT television programs
Kardashian family
Television series about siblings
Television series set in Los Angeles
English-language television programs
"Rap God" is a 2013 hip hop song by the American rapper Eminem. It is the third single from his eighth studio album The Marshall Mathers LP 2 which was released on November 5, 2013. 

Eminem raps 97 words in 15 seconds (an average of 6.5 words per second) in a verse that starts 4:26 into the song. He described this as "supersonic speed":

The song has been praised for Eminem's rapping speed and his lyrical ability.

It was ranked #14 on Complex's list of the 50 best songs of 2013 and it was ranked #15 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 best songs of 2013.

References

Other websites
 Rap God on YouTube

2013 songs
Eminem songs
Connex South Eastern was a train operating company in the United Kingdom. It was owned by Connex. It operated the South Eastern Passenger Rail Franchise from October 1996 until November 2003.

Its services were stopped because of money problems and using old trains instead of buying new ones.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

Defunct railway companies of the United Kingdom
Rail transport in England
1996 establishments in England
2003 disestablishments in England
Train operating companies
South Eastern Trains was a train operating company that operated the South Eastern Passenger Rail Franchise from November 2003 until 1 April 2006.

It took over from Connex South Eastern in November 2003 and was taken over by Southeastern in April 2006.

Other websites

Official website

Railway operators in London
Defunct railway companies of the United Kingdom
2003 establishments in England
Train operating companies
2006 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
21st-century disestablishments in England
Lulu Roman (or Bertha Louise Hable; born 6 May 1946) is an American comedian and singer. She acted in the television comedy Hee Haw. She sings mostly gospel music. In 1984, Roman received a Dove Award from the Gospel Music Association for her album You were Loving Me. In 2003 she was the author of a book titled Kitchen Komforts. 

Roman was born in Dallas, Texas.

References

American television actors
Musicians from Dallas, Texas
Comedians from Dallas, Texas
1946 births
Living people
Brittney Yevette Griner (born October 18, 1990) is an American basketball player. She is 6 ft and 8 inches tall. She was the first NCAA basketball player ever to score 2,000 points and block 500 shots. She came out as lesbian in 2013. She plays for the Phoenix Mercury of the Women’s National Basketball Association. She was signed by Nike to model their mens clothes.

References

Other websites
WNBA profile

1990 births
African-American basketball players
Lesbians
LGBT African Americans
LGBT people from Texas
LGBT sportspeople
Living people
Models from Houston, Texas
Sportspeople from Houston, Texas
American basketball players
Frédéric Back (April 8, 1924 – December 24, 2013) was a Canadian artist and movie director of short animated movies. He won two Academy Awards. His first was for his movie Tout rein and his second for Crac!.

Back was born in Saarbrücken, Saar. He moved to Canada in 1948. He worked as a teacher at École des Beaux-Arts de Montréal. Back died of cancer in Montreal on December 24, 2013.

References

Other websites
 Frédéric Back, agir ensemble | caring together 
 
 Frédéric Back  at The Canadian Encyclopedia

1924 births
2013 deaths
Academy Award winners
Animators
Cancer deaths in Quebec
Canadian movie directors
Canadian screenwriters
People from Saarland
Adnan Şenses (21 August 1935 – 25 December 2013) was a Turkish musician and actor. 

Şenses was born in Bursa, Turkey. He was raised and studied in Ankara. He began his singing career in 1956. He appeared in over 47 movies.

Şenses died from stomach cancer in Istanbul, aged 78.

References

Other websites
 

1935 births
2013 deaths
Bursa
Deaths from stomach cancer
Disease-related deaths in Turkey
Actors from Ankara
Turkish movie actors
Turkish singers
Julio Victorio De Rissio (10 November 1916 – 26 December 2013), or Dr. Tangalanga, was a famous Argentine comedian, actor and writer. He was known for his prank phone calls to people who were not expecting it.

Tangalanga was born in Buenos Aires. His career began in 1964. Tangalanga died in Buenos Aires from natural causes. He was aged 97.

References

Other websites

 Official website
90 Tangalangas 
"Tal vez ya sea un poco conocido" 
Argentina answers to the crazy call of Dr. Tangalanga, Matt Moffett. Wall Street Journal. December 15, 2007.

1916 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Argentine writers
Argentine comedians
Actors from Buenos Aires
Harold Gregory "Hal" Moore Jr. (February 13, 1922 – February 10, 2017) was a lieutenant general in the United States Army. He was also an author. Moore was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, which is the second highest military honor of the United States Army.

Moore was born in Bardstown, Kentucky. He graduated from the Military Academy in 1945. He was the first of his class to be promoted to brigadier general, major general, and lieutenant general. He fought during the Korean War and Vietnam War.

References

1922 births
2017 deaths
American military personnel of the Korean War
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Deaths from stroke
People from Kentucky
Drew Dennis Dix (born December 14, 1944) is a United States military veteran. He was a major in the United States Army. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Vietnam War. He was the first enlisted Special Forces soldier to receive the medal.

References

Other websites
 

1944 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Majors
People from New York
Purple Heart recipients
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Hector Albert Cafferata, Jr. (November 4, 1929 – April 12, 2016) was a retired United States Marine. He received the Medal of Honor for his heroic service at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir during the Korean War.

Life and career 
He had been a private during the War. In November 1950, he fought off a regiment of enemy forces by himself. He did this by throwing a live grenade. He badly injured himself by doing this. However, he saved the injured Marines in his unit. He was awarded the Medal of Honor in a ceremony at the White House by President Harry S. Truman on November 24, 1952.

Cafferata was born in New York City. He died on April 12, 2016 in Venice, Florida, aged 86.

References

Other websites

1929 births
2016 deaths
American military people
People from New York City
Mary Eleanor Donahue (born April 19, 1937), best known as Elinor Donahue, is an American actress. She was known for her role in the 1950s sitcom, Father Knows Best. She was born in Tacoma, Washington

Donahue was married for nearly 30 years to producer Harry Ackerman. They met each other on the set of Father Knows Best. She and Ackerman had three children together: Peter, James, and Christopher Ackerman.

References

Other websites

Elinor Donahue interview at Archive of American Television

1937 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Washington
Lilyan Chauvin (born Lilyan Zemoz August 6, 1925 – died June 26, 2008) was a French-American actress, television host, director and writer.

She appeared in some famous movies such as Silent Night, Deadly Night (1984) and Catch Me If You Can (2002). In the 1990s and 2000s she guest-starred in such television shows as The X-Files, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Friends, Alias, Malcolm in the Middle and Ugly Betty.

Chauvin died at her home in Studio City, California. She was aged 82. She had suffered from breast cancer for many years and from congestive heart disease.

References

Other websites
Lilyan Chauvin Site

1925 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Naturalized citizens of the United States
French movie actors
French television actors
French stage actors
French screenwriters
Teachers
Movie directors from Paris
Movie producers from Paris
Actors from Paris
Writers from Paris
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American screenwriters
American movie directors
American movie producers
Fred Stobaugh (August 22, 1917 – November 23, 2016) was an American retired driver and songwriter. He became well known after he submitted a song, "Oh Sweet Lorraine", to a music competition. The song was about his wife of 72 years. It became a viral video in September 2013. The song was soon entered in the Billboard Hot 100.

Personal life
Stobaugh was born on August 22, 1917 in Peoria, Illinois. He met his wife Lorraine Dinquel in 1938. They were married in 1940. They had three children. Dinquel died in April 2013.

Stobaugh died on November 23, 2016 in Peoria, aged 99.

Oh Sweet Lorraine
A few months after his wife's death, Stobaugh wrote the song "Oh Sweet Lorraine". He entered a singer-songwriter competition hosted by Green Shoe Studio. The video of their recording sessions attracted more than six million hits on YouTube and Vimeo. In September 2013, the song entered the Billboard Hot 100 at No. 42. He is the oldest artist to have appeared on the Hot 100.

Songs

References

Other websites
 A Letter From Fred  at greenshoestudio.com

1917 births
2017 deaths
American songwriters
Writers from Illinois
People from Peoria, Illinois
The Ronald Reagan Freedom Award is the highest civilian honor by the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. The award is given to "those who have made monumental and lasting contributions to the cause of freedom worldwide."

Today, the award is given by Former First Lady Nancy Reagan on behalf of her husband, who died in June 2004. The award was first given in 1992, by President Ronald Reagan himself, as well as in 1993, but in 1994 Mrs. Reagan presented the award instead of her husband due to his poor health.

In order to receive this honor, the recipient must "have made monumental and lasting contributions to the cause of freedom worldwide," as well as "embody President Reagan's lifelong belief that one man or woman truly can make a difference."

Recipients
1992 – Mikhail Gorbachev, former General Secretary of the Soviet Union
1993 – General Colin Powell, former National Security Advisor to President Reagan
1994 – Yitzhak Rabin, former Prime Minister of Israel
1995 – King Hussein I, then King of Jordan
1997 – Bob Hope, former entertainer.
1998 – Margaret Thatcher, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
2000 – The Reverend Billy Graham, evangelical minister 
2002 – Rudy Giuliani, former mayor of New York
2007 – George H. W. Bush, former President of the United States, served under Reagan as Vice President of the United States
2008 – Natan Sharansky, former KGB prisoner, human rights activist, Israeli politician.
2011 – Lech Walesa, former Solidarity leader and former president of Poland

References

Awards
Things named after Ronald Reagan
Westerlund 1 (Wd1, also called Ara Cluster) is a compact young super star cluster. It is in the Milky Way galaxy, about 3.5–5 kiloparsecs (12000–16000 light years) away from Earth.

It is the most massive compact young star cluster known in the entire Local Group of galaxies. It was discovered by Bengt Westerlund in 1961. It remained largely unstudied for many years due to high interstellar extinction (absorption) in its direction. In the future, it will probably evolve into a globular cluster.

The cluster contains a large number of rare, evolved, high-mass stars, including: six yellow hypergiants, four red supergiants, 24 Wolf-Rayet stars, a luminous blue variable, many OB supergiants, and an unusual supergiant sgB[e] star which may be the remnant of a recent stellar merger. In addition, X-ray observations have revealed the presence of a strange X-ray pulsar, a slow rotating neutron star that must have formed from a high-mass progenitor star. Westerlund 1 is believed to have formed in a single burst of star formation, so the stars have similar ages and compositions.

Apart from hosting some of the most massive and least-understood stars in the galaxy, Westerlund 1 is useful as an example of a relatively nearby, so easier to observe, super star cluster  to help astronomers find out what happens in extragalactic super star clusters.

Distance and position 
Wd1 is too far away for direct measurement of the distance by parallax measurements, so the distance must be got from the expected absolute magnitude of the stars and estimates of the extinction towards the cluster. This has been done, giving estimates of 5 kpc and 3.6 kpc by different methods. These estimates all place Wd1 near the outer edge of the Milky Way's galactic bar.

References 

Super star clusters
Tracey Lynn Livermore (born March 29, 1973), known professionally as Brandi Love, is an American adult model and pornographic actress. She is the co-owner and Chief Financial Officer of No Rivals Media, a pornography company. She is also the creator of parentsinadult.com, an organization dedicated to parents working in the sex industry.

She was born in Raleigh, North Carolina.

References

Other websites

Official website
Marketing The Message
AVN Partners With Parents in Adult
 
 

1973 births
Living people
Actors from Raleigh, North Carolina
American adult models
American pornographic actors
American sex industry businesspeople
Businesspeople from North Carolina
Models from North Carolina
American bloggers
Simi Valley is a city in the state of California, in the United States. It is the county seat of Ventura County. As of the 2010 Census the population is 124,237.

 
County seats in California
Lưu Hữu Phước (12 September 1921 - 8 June 1989) was a Vietnamese composer. He composed Thanh Niên Hành Khúc (English: March of the Students), the national anthem of South Vietnam. After he became a communist, he composed Giải phóng miền Nam (English: Release the South), the national anthem of Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam.

Composers
Vietnamese people
"İstiklâl Marşı" (en. "The Independence March") is the national anthem of Turkey. It became the national anthem on 12 March 1921, two and a half years before the Republic of Turkey became a country. This song is meant for a motivational musical saga for the troops who have fought in the Turkish War of Independence, and an aspiration for the country's independence.

The words were written by Mehmet Âkif Ersoy, and its melody (music) was composed by Osman Zeki Üngör. The main theme about this song is about the homeland of the Turkish people, [their] freedom, as well as faith and praise for the[ir] virtues of hope, devotion, and sacrifice in the pursuit of liberty. They relate to the[ir] flag, human spirit, and the soil of the homeland. Part of the lyrics make references to the sacrifice of the soldiers, as well as the Turkish National Movement's victory of the War of Independence.

It is also used as the national anthem of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), which was adopted in 1983 under Article II of the Constitution of Northern Cyprus.

Lyrics

Original 
Only the first two verses (highlighted in bold) are officially part of the national anthem and are performed in ceremonies.

Phonetic transcription

References 

National anthems
Turkey
Northern Cyprus
Emilie de Ravin (born December 27, 1981) is an Australian actress. She played Tess Harding on the show Roswell. She also played Barbara Patzke in the 2009 movie Public Enemies.
She was on Lost until 2010.

Ravin was born in Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia.

References

1981 births
Living people
Australian television actors
Australian movie actors
Actors from Victoria (Australia)
Survivor Series (1994) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on November 24, 1993 at Boston Garden in Boston, Massachusetts. It was the seventh Survivor Series event held by the WWF.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Survivor Series 1993 website

1993 in professional wrestling
1993 in the United States
Sports in Boston, Massachusetts
Survivor Series
20th century in Boston, Massachusetts
1990s in Massachusetts
Robert Warne Wilson (November 3, 1926 – December 23, 2013) was an American hedge fund manager and philanthropist. He founded Wilson & Associates in 1969 after years of working as a securities analyst. He retired in 1986.  By 2000 he was worth an estimated US$800 million dollars.

Wilson was born in Detroit, Michigan. He also collected fine art. Wilson was openly gay.

Wilson gave away over $400 million (according to some more than $500 million) to environmental and preservation organizations. These included the Nature Conservancy and the World Monuments Fund.

Wilson died at the age of 87. He jumped from the 16th floor of his apartment in Manhattan, New York. He had suffered a stroke in the month of June, before his suicide.

References

1926 births
2013 deaths
People who committed suicide
American philanthropists
American LGBT people
Gay men
Businesspeople from Detroit, Michigan
Schaumburg is a large village in Cook County in northeastern Illinois, United States. The village is a northwestern suburb of Chicago. It is north-west of the O'Hare International Airport.

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Settlements in DuPage County, Illinois
Danny Kaye (born David Daniel Kaminsky; January 18, 1911 – March 3, 1987) was an American actor, singer, dancer and comedian. He hosted his own television show, The Danny Kaye Show. He has also starred in many movies.

Kaye died in Los Angeles, California from heart failure. He was aged 76.

References

Other websites

 
 Danny Kaye tribute and fan website 
 Tribute to Danny Kaye in The Court Jester 
 Danny! – The Definitive Danny Kaye Fan Site
 Royal Engineers Museum  Danny Kaye in Korea 1952
 Literature on Danny Kaye
 N.Y. Times Obituary for Danny Kaye

1911 births
1987 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American dancers
Actors from New York City
Singers from New York City
Musicians from New York City
Comedians from New York City
Hanson is an American pop rock band from Tulsa, Oklahoma. The band was formed in 1992 by brothers Isaac, Taylor and Zac Hanson. They are best known for their 1997 number one single "MMMBop". The song was nominated for two Grammys at the 1998 Grammy Awards. They started their own record label 3CG Records in October 2003.

History
Hanson were at first called The Hanson Brothers. They performed for the first time in 1992 at the Mayfest Arts Festival in Tulsa. Hanson released their first album Boomerang in 1995. In 1997 Hanson released their third album Middle of Nowhere. It sold ten million copies. Five singles were released from it. "MMMBop" was the first single.  The band was signed to Mercury Records in 1996.

Discography
 Boomerang (1995)
 MMMBop (1996)
 Middle of Nowhere (1997)
 Snowed In (1997)
 3 Car Garage (1998)
 Live from Albertane (1998)
 This Time Around (2000)
 Underneath (2004)
 The Walk (2007)
 Shout It Out (2010)
 Anthem (2013)
 Middle of Everywhere: The Greatest Hits (2017)
 Finally It's Christmas (2017)
 String Theory (2018)

References

Other websites

 
 

1990s American music groups
1992 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Oklahoma
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American boy bands
American pop rock bands
Musical groups established in 1992
Musical groups from Oklahoma
Musical trios
Tulsa, Oklahoma
NHL 13 is an ice hockey video game. It was developed by EA Canada and published by EA Sports.

It was released on September 11, 2012 in North America, September 13, 2012 in Australasia, and on September 14, 2012 in Europe. The game was the 22nd in the NHL video game series and is the sequel to NHL 12. Philadelphia Flyers forward Claude Giroux is featured on the cover of the game.

For the first time in the series, there were two playable female characters, Hayley Wickenheiser and Angela Ruggiero that were added.

Reception
IGN rated the game a 8.5 out of 10. They said, "For a full-price title, gamers get so much more than mere roster and tuner updates (which come for free and with regularity, by the way). You also get robust online and offline modes that could potentially keep you busy for hundreds of hours."

GameSpot gave the game a 8 out of 10. They said, "NHL 13 adds some great new skating physics and smarter AI, although you've already seen a lot of what the game has to offer."

References

2012 video games
Electronic Arts video games
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Sports video games
Feliciano Canaverys (8 June 1813 - 1840) was an Argentine military officer.  

He was born in Buenos Aires. He was the son of José Canaverys and Agustina Denis. In 1830 he graduated as a Second Lieutenant of artillery. In 1940 Canaverys was suspected of belonging to the Unitarian Party. He was discharged from the army, and the government quickly ordered his detention. Feliciano decided to escape to Uruguay and enlist in the army of General Juan Lavalle. He traveled to Tacuarembó, but was ambushed by federales troops. After being arrested, General Manuel Oribe ordered that Feliciano be executed.

The Denis family were among the first Irish settlers in Buenos Aires. They arrived to the Río de la Plata in the 17th century.

References

Other websites 
http://lanormal-isfd95.com.ar/biblioteca/historia/BARBA%20Enrique%20M.,%20Unitarismo%20Federalismo%20Rosismo.pdf 

1813 births
1840 deaths
Argentine military people
Executed people
People from Buenos Aires
Juan Canaveris (1748–1822) was an Italian notary. He worked for the viceroyalty of Río de la Plata in the 1700s.

Biography 

He was born in Saluzzo, Piedmont, Kingdom of Sardinia in 1738 or 1748. His parents were Gabriel Canaveri and Margarita Jugluns, but he changed his name from the Italian-sounding Canaveri to the Spanish-sounding Canaveris later on.

Canaveris became a notary.  He arrived at Buenos Aires around 1770, where he married Bernarda Esparza, the granddaughter of Miguel Jerónimo Esparza. At that time, Esparza was the alcalde, or governor, of Cabildo of Buenos Aires. Between 1777 and 1786, Canaveris worked as the portero of the court of auditors, In 1795, he was appointed as representative of the protector guardian of natural resources and Indians in the village of San Pablo de Capinota, Bolivia.

In 1798, delegates of the council of Santiago del Estero appointed Canaveris chief assignee for Cabildo.

1806-1810 

During the British invasions of the Río de la Plata, Canaveris returned to work as a portero under the orders of Martín de Alzaga. His sons, José, Manuel, and Joaquín also participated in the defense of Buenos Aires in the regiments—Quinteros and Labradores, Húsares of Pueyrredón, and Cántabros Montañeses. The monk Martin Esparza, a relative of Canaveris's wife, was killed by British troops during the second invasion in the interior Convent of Santo Domingo.

During the May Revolution of 1810, Canaveris went to a community meeting and voted to dismiss the viceroy.

Descendants 
Canaveris' descendants include Feliciano, and Isabelino Canaveris, both of whom served in the military.

Hector Canaveri served as congressman of the Province of Buenos Aires. Camilo Canaveri was a lawyer.
He also was the grandfather of doctors Sinforoso Amoedo and Angel Canaveris.

His youngest son Mariano Canaveris, became a teacher.

References

Other websites 
 http://www.dante.edu.ar/web/dic/c.pdf
 Documentos para la historia argentina

1748 births
1822 deaths
People from Buenos Aires
People from Piedmont
Elvira Quintillá (19 September 1928 – 27 December 2013) was a Spanish actress. Her career has lasted for nearly 60 years.

Quintillá was born in Barcelona. Her career began in 1941. In 1947, she married José María Rodero. They were married until Rodero's death in May 1991.

Quintillá died at the age of 85, in Madrid. She died from a heart attack.

References

Other websites

1928 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Spanish movie actors
Spanish television actors
Spanish stage actors
People from Barcelona
Sinforoso Amoedo (18 July 1823 - 1871) was an Argentine medical doctor.

He was born in Buenos Aires. He was the son of Hilario Amoedo Garazatúa and Juana Josefa Canaveris. He began his high school studies at the Colegio Republicano. He studied medicine at the University of Buenos Aires, where he received his Doctor of Medicine. He practiced in the Parroquia de la Concepción until his retirement. He was replaced by Dr. Juan Antonio Argerich.

He worked with patients during the yellow fever epidemic that hit the city of Buenos Aires. He died of yellow fever himself in 1871. His family was honored with a medal for his courage and heroism to fight against the epidemic.

References

Other websites 
http://www.genealogia.org.ar/Revista_bajar/Genealogia_Revista_24.pdf 

1823 births
1871 deaths
People from Buenos Aires
Physicians
Nigersaurus (meaning "Niger reptile") is a genus of Diplodocus-like sauropod dinosaur. It lived in the middle of the Cretaceous period in what is now the Republic of Niger. Fossils of this dinosaur were first described in 1976, but it was only named in 1999 after more complete remains were found and described.

Its skull was very different from Diplodocus, suggesting a different feeding method. It had many fenestrae (openings) and thin bones. It had a wide muzzle filled with more than 500 teeth. They were replaced often: about every 14 days the whole set were replaced together. The jaws may have had a keratinous sheath, something like a wide beak. Its jaws were wider than the skull, and its teeth were placed far to the front.

Nigersaurus was  long, which is small for a sauropod, and had a short neck. It weighed around 4 tonnes, comparable to a modern elephant. Its skeleton was filled with air sacs, which lightened the weight. Its limbs were robustly built.

Nigersaurus was probably a browser, and fed with its head close to the ground. The region of its brain that detected smell was small, although its brain size was comparable to that of other dinosaurs. There has been debate on whether its head was habitually held downwards, or horizontally like other sauropods. It lived in a riparian habitat (near rivers). Its diet probably consisted of soft plants, such as ferns, horsetails, and angiosperms. It is one of the most common fossil vertebrates found in the area, and shared its habitat with other large herbivores, as well as large theropods and crocodylomorphs.

References 

Diplodocids
The Independent Democratic Union (, UDI) is a political party in Chile. Its politics are considered to be right wing. The party was founded on 1983 by Jaime Guzmán during the government of Augusto Pinochet.

Party emblems

Notes

Other websites 

 UDI's official website 

Politics of Chile
Political parties in South America
Conservative parties
1983 establishments
1980s establishments in Chile
Pussy Riot is a Russian feminist punk rock protest group of eleven women. 

The group was formed in August 2011 in Moscow. Three members of the group (Yekaterina Samutsevich, Nadezhda Tolokonnikova, and Maria Alyokhina) were put in prison for a protest they did at a cathedral in Moscow against Vladimir Putin. Yekaterina Samutsevich was let out of prison in September 2012 after her appeal succeeded. 

There were protests around the world by people who thought that it was wrong for Pussy Riot members to be put in prison. Lots of famous people said that they should be released including Madonna. On December 23, 2013, Tolokonnikova and Alyokhina were let out. Other members declared that Nadezhda Tolokonnikova and Maria Alyokhina could not be Pussy Riot members because they showed their faces on US television.

Music
Pussy Riot have released twenty songs, including an album called xxx (styled in lower capitals) .

Documentary
In January 2013 a documentary about Pussy Riot called Pussy Riot: A Punk Prayer was released. On 21 October 2013 BBC4 showed it.

Related pages 
 MediaZona

References

Other websites 

2010s music groups
2011 establishments in Asia
21st-century establishments in Russia
Feminists
Moscow
Musical groups established in 2011
Political activists
Punk bands
Russian musical groups
The Division of Mitchell is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is named after Major Thomas Mitchell, surveyor and explorer who was the first European to explore large areas of New South Wales and Victoria. It was set up in 1949.

The division covers the north-west suburbs of Sydney. It includes Baulkham Hills, Beaumont Hills, Bella Vista, Box Hill, Kellyville, Nelson and Winston Hills. It also includes parts of Castle Hill, North Rocks, Northmead, Maraylya, Rouse Hill and West Pennant Hills. 

After the 2013 federal election, Mitchell became the safest Liberal seat in metropolitan Australia. The ALP would need a 22% swing to win it.

Members

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Mitchell - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1949 establishments in Australia
The neon tetra (Paracheirodon innesi) is a freshwater fish. Neon tetras are native to South America and mainly in the Amazon. In captivity they grow to about 2.2 cm.

In the aquarium
Neon tetras are sturdy, cheap and easy to look after. They are schooling fish and like to be kept with other neon tetras. They can also be kept in community tanks with other peaceful fish. They like to live in a water temperature of around 20–26°C.

Diet 
Neon tetras are omnivores. They eat most flake foods. They should also be fed live food like brine shrimp or daphnia supplement their diets.

References
http://www.wikihow.com/Care-for-Neon-Tetra
http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/tetrafish/neontetra.php
http://www.keepingtropicalfish.co.uk/fish-database/neon-tetra/

Teleosts
Freshwater fish
Aquarium fish
The Kia Combi was a series of minibuses built by Asia Motors and Kia Motors from 1983 to Present. Kia Motors has owned Asia Motors since 1976.

Related pages
 List of bus models

References

Other websites
Chronological table of Korean Buses

Kia automobiles
Buses
Jefferson's Birthday is a holiday in the United States. It celebrates the birth of Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States. It is celebrated every April 13.

Holidays
Presidential birthdays in the United States
The cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) is a freshwater fish.

In the aquarium
Cardinal tetras grow to about 3 centimetres. They are shoaling fish and like to be kept with other cardinal tetras and they can be kept with other non-aggressive fish. In good conditions the cardinal tetra can live for about five years. The cardinal tetra is a very popular fish but is not as popular as the neon tetra because it is more difficult to breed. They like to live in a temperature of around 23–27°C.

Diet
The cardinal tetra will feed happily on flake foods and small pellets. They also eat live food such as bloodworms or brine shrimp. Wild ones will eat bugs.

References
http://www.liveaquaria.com/product/prod_display.cfm?c=830+890+895&pcatid=895
http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/content.php?sid=3139 
http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/tetrafish/cardinaltetra2.php

Ray-finned fish
Freshwater fish
Aquarium fish
Frankie Goes to Hollywood were a British dance band from Liverpool, England. The band is probably best known for their first single "Relax". This BBC banned the song.

The band released their first studio album Welcome to the Pleasuredome on 29 October 1984. The album featured the singles "Relax", "Two Tribes", "The Power of Love" and "Welcome to the Pleasuredome". Their second and last studio album Liverpool was released on 20 October 1986. The band broke up in 1987. They reunited in 2004, but broke up again in 2007.

Band members 
Mark O'Toole – bass (1980–1987, 2004–2007)
Peter Gill – drums (1980–1987, 2004–2007)
Holly Johnson – lead singer (1980–1987)
Jed O'Toole – guitar (1980–1982, 2004–2007)
Sonia Mazumder – back-up singer (1980)
Paul Rutherford – back-up singer, keyboards, dancing (1980–1987, 2004–2007)
Brian Nash – guitar (1982–1987)
Ryan Molloy – lead singer (2004–2007)

Discography

Albums
Welcome to the Pleasuredome (1984)
''Liverpool (1986)

References

Other websites 
Official website

Musical groups established in 1980
1980 establishments in England
1980s British music groups
Musical groups disestablished in 1987
1987 disestablishments in Europe
1980s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
2000s British music groups
Musical groups established in 2004
2004 establishments in England
Musical groups disestablished in 2007
2007 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
2000s disestablishments in England
English pop music groups
Musical groups from Liverpool
New wave bands
Nottoway Plantation is a plantation house in a town called White Castle in the state of Louisiana. In 1980 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. John Hampden Randolph bought the area and then built the house in 1859. He owned 155 African-Americans as slaves. They worked in the sugarcane fields. After Mr. Randolph’s death Mrs. Randolph sold the plantation in 1889 for $50,000. Nottoway There are 165 doors and 200 windows. This makes 365 openings. Plantation has a museum.

References

Louisiana
Plantations in the United States
1859 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Louisiana
Claude Vilgrain (born March 1, 1963) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. He played a total of 89 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). Vilgrain was born in Haiti. He is the first Haitian-born player in NHL history.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Vilgrain played three seasons in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) with the Laval Voisins. He also played hockey at the Université de Moncton for three years.

He was drafted with the 107th overall pick by the Detroit Red Wings in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft. He never played a game for the Red Wings. He signed a contract with the Vancouver Canucks in June 1987. He played six games with them, scoring one goal and making one assist. In March 1989, the Canucks traded Vilgrain to the New Jersey Devils in exchange for Tim Lenardon. During his time with the Devils, he played 81 games and made 20 goals and 31 assists. The Philadelphia Flyers signed him to a contract in 1993. He only played 2 games with them. He retired in 2002.

References

Other websites 

1979 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Haitian people
Ice hockey people from Quebec
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Laval Voisins players
Living people
New Jersey Devils players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Vancouver Canucks players
Joyce Carol Thomas (May 25, 1938 – August 13, 2016) was an African-American poet, playwright, motivational speaker, and author of more than 30 children's books. 

Thomas was born in Ponca City, Oklahoma, the fifth of nine children in a family of cotton pickers. In 1948 the family moved to Tracy, California, to pick vegetables. She learned Spanish from Mexican migrant workers and earned a B.A. in Spanish from San Jose State University. She took night classes in education at Stanford University, while raising four children, and received a master's degree in 1967.

For her 1982 novel Marked by Fire, Thomas won a National Book Award for Young People's Literature|National Book Award in category Children's Fiction (paperback)

and an American Book Award.
Thomas has been one of three to five finalists for the Coretta Scott King Award three times, in 1984 for Bright Shadow, in 1994 for Brown Honey in Broomwheat Tea, and in 2009 for The Blacker the Berry in 2009. Part of the American Library Association program, every year the King Award honors the "most distinguished portrayal of African American experience in literature for children or teens".
She also received a New York Times Outstanding Book of the Year Award and an Outstanding Woman of the 20th Century Award.

She lived in Berkeley, California.

References

"Joyce Carol Thomas".Tennessee Authors. The University of Tennessee. Archived 2011-01-16. Retrieved 2013-11-24.

Other websites
 
Write TV Public Television Interview with Joyce Carol Thomas 

1938 births
2016 deaths
Writers from Oklahoma
Children's writers
African American writers
American poets
Steven Randall "Randy" Jackson (born October 29, 1961) is an American musician. He is a member of The Jacksons. He was born to Joe and Katherine Jackson at St Mary's Mercy Hospital in Gary, Indiana. He was three when The Jacksons started. As he was so young, he was not a member when they formed. In 1971 he performed live with his brothers for the first time. He did not become a member of the group until the mid seventies. His first album with The Jacksons, The Jacksons, was released in 1976. The Jacksons released five more studio albums with Randy as a member. The band have sold 150 million records.

Personal life
Jackson has two children with his ex-girlfriend Alejandra Oaziaza, Genevieve Katherine (b. 1989) and Steven Randall, Jr. (born 1991). He also has one daughter, Steveanna (b. 1990) with his ex-wife Eliza Shaffy.

References

1961 births
African American musicians
Living people
Jackson family
Musicians from Indiana
People from Gary, Indiana
Dwarf stars refers to several types of star. The term was originally used in 1906 by the Danish astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung. He noticed that the reddest stars—classified as K and M in the Harvard scheme—could be divided into two distinct groups. They are either much brighter than the Sun, or much fainter. To distinguish these groups, he called them "giant" and "dwarf" stars.  The dwarf stars were fainter and the giants brighter than the sun.

However, the term "dwarf" was later expanded to include:
 Dwarf star: this usually refers to any main-sequence star, a star of luminosity class V.
 Red dwarfs are low-mass main-sequence stars.
 Yellow dwarfs are main-sequence (dwarf) stars with masses similar to the Sun.
 A white dwarf is a star composed of electron-degenerate matter. This may be the final stage in the evolution of stars not massive enough to collapse into a neutron star or undergo a Type II supernova—stars less massive than about 9 solar masses.
 A black dwarf is a white dwarf which has cooled enough that it no longer emits any visible light.
 A brown dwarf is a "substellar object". It is not massive enough to ever fuse hydrogen into helium, but still massive enough to fuse deuterium—less than about 0.08 solar masses and more than about 13 Jupiter masses.

References 

Types of stars