cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Predestination is a religious concept, which is about the relationship between God and His creation. The religious character of predestination distinguishes it from other ideas about determinism and free will. Those who believe in predestination, such as John Calvin, believe that before the creation God determined the destiny of the universe throughout all of time and space. They believe that God orders some people to Heaven, and all other people will go to Hell because of their sins. This is determined before they even are born.

Definition: predestination is the divine foreordaining or foreknowledge of all that will happen. It applies to the salvation of some and not others. It has been particularly associated with the teachings of St. Augustine of Hippo and of John Calvin.

Related pages 
 Predestination (Calvinism)
 Fate

Other websites 
 "Determinism in Theology: Predestination"  by Robert M. Kindon in The Dictionary of the History of Ideas (1973-74)
 Predestination
 Understanding Predestination in Islam 
 Detailed Lecture on Islamic Perspective on Fate 
 Occurrences of "predestination" in the Bible text (ESV)
 The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination (1932) by Loraine Boettner (conservative Calvinist perspective)
 The Biblical Doctrine Of Predestination, Foreordination, and Election  by F. Furman Kearley (Arminian perspective)
 
 Academic articles on predestination and election  (Lutheran perspective)

Theology
Christian theology
Hinduism
A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 1984 American slasher movie. It was directed by Wes Craven and released to movie theaters by Warner Bros. It is about five teenagers who are followed in their dreams by the ghost of serial killer Freddy Krueger, played by Robert Englund. It also stars John Saxon as Lt. Donald Thompson.

Actor Johnny Depp had his first movie role in A Nightmare on Elm Street.

It is the first in the A Nightmare on Elm Street movie series. The next movie in the series is A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge.

References

Other websites 

1984 horror movies
1980s ghost movies
1980s serial killer movies
1980s teen movies
A Nightmare on Elm Street movies
American ghost movies
American serial killer movies
American teen horror movies
English-language movies
Movies about suburbia
Slasher movies
Supernatural horror movies
American independent movies
Gladiolus (from Latin, the diminutive of gladius, a sword) is a genus of flowering plants in the iris family (Iridaceae). Sometimes called the sword lily, the most widely-used English common name for these plants is simply gladiolus (plural gladioli, gladioluses or sometimes gladiolas).

Description 
The genus Gladiolus contains about 260 species, of which 250 are native to sub-Saharan Africa, mostly South Africa. About 10 species are native to Eurasia. There are 160 species of Gladiolus endemic in southern Africa and 76 in tropical Africa. The species vary from very small to the spectacular giant flower spikes in commerce.

These attractive, perennial herbs are semihardy in temperate climates. They grow from rounded, symmetrical corms, that are enveloped in several layers of brownish, fibrous tunics.

Their stems are generally unbranched, producing 1 to 9 narrow, sword-shaped, longitudinal grooved leaves, enclosed in a sheath. The lowest leaf is shortened to a cataphyll. The leaf blades can be plane or cruciform in cross section.

The fragrant flower spikes are large and one-sided, with secund, bisexual flowers, each subtended by 2 leathery,  green bracts. The sepals and the petals are almost identical in appearance, and are termed tepals. They are united at their base into a tube-shaped structure. The dorsal tepal is the largest, arching over the three stamens. The outer three tepals are narrower. The perianth is funnel-shaped, with the stamens attached to its base. The style has three filiform, spoon-shaped branches, each expanding towards the apex.

The ovary is 3-locular with oblong or globose capsules, containing many, winged brown, longitudinally dehiscent seeds. In their center must be noticeable the specific pellet like structure which is the real seed without the fine coat. In some seeds this structure is wrinkled and with black color. These seeds are unable to germinate.

These flowers are variously colored, pink to reddish or light purple with white, contrasting markings, or white to cream or orange to red. 

The South African species were originally pollinated by long-tongued anthrophorine bees, but some changes in the pollination system have occurred, allowing pollination by sunbirds, noctuid and sphingid moths, long-tongued flies and several others. In the temperate zones of Europe many of the hybrid large flowering sorts of gladiolas can be pollinated by small well-known wasps. Actually, They are not very good pollinators because of the large flowers of the plants and the small size of the wasps. Another insect in this zone which can try some of the nectar of the gladioli is the best-known European Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum which usually pollinates many famous garden flowers like Petunia, Zinnia, Dianthus and others.

Gladioli are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the Large Yellow Underwing.

Iridaceae
The sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) is a small marsupial originally native to eastern and northern mainland Australia, New Guinea, and the Bismarck Archipelago, and introduced to Tasmania.  It is called a sugar glider because it likes to feed on the sugary sap from certain trees, and can jump from trees and glide through the air to another tree.  They live in trees, and rarely travel on the ground.  They eat many foods, but mostly tree sap and insects. They look and act much like a flying squirrel, but they are not related. Sugar gliders are actually related to possums

As pets 
Around the world, the sugar glider is a popular domestic pet. It is one of the most commonly traded wild animals in the illegal pet trade, where animals are plucked directly from their natural habitats. 

In Australia, sugar gliders can be kept in Victoria, South Australia and the Northern Territory but not Western Australia, New South Wales, ACT or Tasmania.

Sugar gliders are most popular as pets in the United States, where they are bred in large numbers. Most states and cities allow sugar gliders as pets, with some exceptions. In some places, a license or permit might be needed to own a sugar glider, because they are considered an exotic pet, or wild animal.

References

Other websites 
Basic information  from Australian Fauna
Videos of sugar gliders in the wild  by BBC Natural History Unit.  (Only natural sounds - no talking).
Is it possible to keep a Sugar glider and a Rabbit together?

Marsupials of Australia
Diprotodonts
The Bismarck Archipelago is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and part of Papua New Guinea.

History
The first inhabitants of the Archipelago arrived around 33,000 years ago after sailing from what is now Papua New Guinea. Later arrivals included the Lapita people.

The first European to visit these islands was Dutch explorer Willem Schouten in 1616.

The islands remained unsettled by western Europeans until they became part of the German protectorate of German New Guinea in 1884. The area was named in honor of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck.

On 13 March 1888, a volcano erupted on Ritter Island causing a megatsunami. Almost 100% of the volcano fell in to the ocean leaving a small lake in the volcanic crater.

Following the outbreak of World War I, the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force seized the islands in 1914  and Australia later received a League of Nations mandate for the islands. They remained under Australian control – interrupted only by Japanese occupation during World War II – until Papua New Guinea became independent in 1975.

Notes

Bibliography
Firth, Stewart (1983). New Guinea Under the Germans. Carlton, Australia: Melbourne University Press. .
Howe, K. R., Robert C. Kiste, Brij V. Lal, eds. (1994). Tides of History: The Pacific Islands in the Twentieth Century. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. .
King, David et al. (1982). Papua New Guinea Atlas: A Nation in Transition. Bathurst, Australia: R. Brown and the University of Papua New Guinea. .
Moore, Clive (2003). New Guinea: Crossing Boundaries and History. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. .
Ryan, Peter, ed. (1972). Encyclopedia of Papua New Guinea. 3 volumes; Vol I: A - K, maps, black and white illustrations, xv + 588pp. Vol II: l - Z, maps, black and white illustrations, 589-1231pp. Vol III: Index, folding colour map in rear pocket, map, colour illustration, v + 83pp. Carlton, Australia: Melbourne University Press. .

Other websites

 about the provinces 

Geography of Papua New Guinea
''For the North American Ford Escort, see Ford Escort (North America). For the 1950s Ford Escort estate car, see Ford Squire.

The European Ford Escort was a car made by the Ford Motor Company from 1968 through 2002. The first generation was produced from 1968 to 1974. The second generation was made from 1974 to 1980. The third generation was made from 1980 to 1986, it was the first Escort to offer hatchback models as well as front-wheel drive, it was mildly updated in 1983 with a 5-door estate and a convertible added and also spawned a saloon version called the Orion. The fourth generation arrived in March 1986 and was made until 1990. The fifth generation appeared in September 1990 and was criticised by the motoring press due to its bland styling, dull drive and old engines but it was still a strong seller, it got a facelift in September 1992, the Orion name was dropped in 1993. The sixth and final generation arrived in early 1995 and was replaced by the Focus in late 1998, although the Escort continued alongside it with a reduced range until 2000 with the vans being discontinued in 2002.

Replacement and discontinuation
Ford launched the Focus in 1998. It was supposed to replace the Escort, which was now 30 years old. However, the Escort wasn't fully discontinued until 2000. The van version continued on until 2002 when it was replaced with the Transit Connect.

Generations
This shows how the Ford Escort has changed each generation.

1960s automobiles
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
Escort (Europe)
Ford Fiesta is a subcompact car made by Ford Motor Company from 1976 to the present day. When the car was first released in 1976 it came complete with modern features not expected on such a small car like air-conditioning (in North America only) and energy-absorbing bumpers. Until 1986 it was the smallest Ford vehicle until the arrival of the Festiva (a car made by Ford in a joint-venture with Mazda and Kia in markets where the Fiesta wasn't sold). The first generation was made from 1976 to 1983 and was sold in the US from 1978 to 1980. The second generation was made from 1983 to 1989 although this version is a heavily updated first generation car, it was unusual in offering 2 different dashboard designs for basic and higher-end models of it. The third generation arrived in Spring 1989 and was the first Fiesta to be sold with 5-doors alongside 3, it received updates in 1992, 1994 and 1995 when it became the Fiesta Classic, selling with the newer fourth generation car until production ended in 1997. The fourth generation arrived in late 1995 and gained a rebadged version called the Mazda 121 although it wasn't as popular as the Fiesta itself, it was facelifted in late 1999 and was made until 2002. The fifth generation arrived in Spring 2002 and was facelifted in late 2005 and was produced until 2008. The sixth generation Fiesta arrived in late 2008 and is sold more globally than previous generations including the US where it arrived in Spring 2010 as a 2011 model. It was facelifted in early 2013 and as a 2014 model for the US. The Fiesta was discontinued in the US after the 2019 Model Year as more people were buying SUV’s. The seventh generation Fiesta arrived in July 2017 with a facelift in late 2021. The Fiesta is very popular in the UK and first became the best selling car there in 1990, by that time it was on the third generation.

Generations
This shows how the Ford Fiesta has changed each generation.

References 

1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Fiesta
2010s automobiles
Ford Galaxy is a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 1995 to the present day. The original model was made by Volkswagen. It was also sold as the Volkwagen Sharan and Seat Alhambra. It got a facelift in 2000. It was redesigned in 2006 made by Ford themselves. 

As of 2014 there have been three generations.

1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Galaxy
Ford S-Max is a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 2006 to the present day. The first generation was made from 2006 to 2015 with a facelift in 2010. It entered its second generation in 2015. 

2000s automobiles
S-Max
Kilkenny () is the county town (seat) of County Kilkenny in Ireland. It is situated on both banks of the River Nore, at the centre of County Kilkenny in the historical province of Leinster in the south-east of the country. Kilkenny City is administered by a borough council and has a Mayor form of government. The majority of the population of Kilkenny City live outside the borough boundary. It is the smallest city in the country, with only 25,000 people living there.

From being founded by the church, Kilkenny was the ancient capital of the kingdom of Ossory.  The town was established, then a city, in 1609 by royal charter. Kilkenny was the capital of Confederate Ireland between 1642 and 1649. The seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Ossory and the Church of Ireland Bishop of Cashel and Ossory are in Kilkenny.

Kilkenny is famous for its medieval building and castle. The town has been referred to as the "Marble City" for centuries. People from Kilkenny are often referred to as 'Cats'.

Sources

County towns in Ireland
County Kilkenny
1609 establishments
Establishments in the Republic of Ireland
1600s establishments in Europe
The Ford Cougar was a car produced by Ford Motor Company. It was sold in the European market from 1998 through 2002. The US version was sold as the Mercury Cougar.

Other websites 
V6 Cougar - Ford Cougar Site

1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Cougar
Ford Transit is a van produced by Ford Motor Company from 1965 to the present day. It is currently in its fourth generation.

Ford Transit

Taunus Transit
The first van to wear the Transit badge was the Taunus Transit. It was produced in Germany. It gained this name in 1961, eight years after it was introduced in 1953. It was not sold in the UK. Production of it ceased in 1965.

First generation (1965–1986) 
The first generation Transit was launched in October 1965.

In 1977, the model was improved. It had new front lights, new grille, new front and rear bumpers and a new new bonnet

Second generation (1986–2000) 
The second generation Transit was launched in January 1986.

In 1994, the model was improved. It had new front and rear lights, new front and rear bumpers and a new new bonnet

Third generation (2000–2014) 
The third generation Transit,  was launched in July 2000.

In August 2006, the model was improved. It had new front and rear lights, new front and rear bumpers and a new new bonnet

Fourth generation (2013–present) 
The fourth-generation Transit was launched in January 2013 at the 2013 North American (Detroit) International Auto Show.

In 2020, the model was improved. It had a new grille and the engine was improved.

Ford Transit Connect

Ford Transit Connect is a compact van produced by Ford Motor Company from 2002 to the present day. It is currently in its second generation.

Ford Transit Custom

Ford Transit Custom is a compact van and leisure van produced by Ford Motor Company from 2013 to the present day. It is currently in its first generation.

Ford Transit Tourneo

Ford Transit Tourneo is a leisure vehicle produced by Ford Motor Company from 1995 to the present day.

A leisure version of the Transit Connect, the Tourneo Connect is made too however the Tourneo Connect is not the same model as the Connect.

References

Other websites 

Buses
Vans
Helsinki Olympic Stadium (or Olympiastadion) is a sports stadium in Helsinki, Finland. The 1952 Summer Olympics took place in the stadium. Finland's national football team plays there.

Football stadiums in Europe
Football in Finland
Helsinki
1952 Summer Olympics
The Citroën Berlingo is a series of almost identical vans and leisure activity vehicles produced by Citroën in three generations since 1996. It is builded in cooperation with Peugeot.

Peugeot make the same vehicle but with a different name, The name is: Peugeot Partner.

First generation (1996–2012) 
Citroën created the first generation Berlingo I in July 1996 and Peugeot created Peugeot Partner I in 1996.

In 2004, the model was improved at the front, It had a new bumper, bonnet, and headlamps.

Second generation (2008–2018) 
The second generation Citroën Berlingo II was created in April 2008, The Peugeot Partner II was created in May 2008.

The second generation leisure activity vehicles have different names, They are: Citroën Berlingo Multispace and Peugeot Partner Tepee.

Third generation (2018–) 
The third generation Citroën Berlingo III and Peugeot Rifter were unveiled in March 2018.

Other websites

Front wheel drive vehicles
Vans
Westminster Under School is a private preparatory school for boys aged 7 to 13 and is part of Westminster School in London.

The school was founded in 1943 in the buildings of Westminster School in Little Dean’s Yard, just behind Westminster Abbey. In 1951 the Under School relocated to its own site in Eccleston Square. Due to rising numbers of students in the 1960s and 1970s, the school moved again in 1981 to its present site (which was a former hospital) next the Westminster School playing fields in Vincent Square. There are 267 pupils attending the school. The school has a strong musical tradition and provides choristers for St Margaret's Church, London. 
Most boys attending the school move on to Westminster School after the completion of either Common Entrance or Scholarship examinations (The Challenge), although a number of boys each year go onto other schools, most often either Eton or Harrow.

The Master is Mrs Elizabeth Hill ; the Deputy Master is Mr D. Bratt. There are currently 39 members of staff.

The school fees for 2008-9 are £4412 pre term.

References

Other websites
Ofiicial website

Schools in London
1943 establishments in Europe
1940s establishments in England
Cinderella is a 1950 American animated musical fantasy movie produced by Walt Disney. It was released to theaters on February 15, 1950, by RKO Radio Pictures. It is the 12th movie in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series. It is based on the fairy tale Cendrillon by Charles Perrault. It was directed by Clyde Geronimi, Hamilton Luske and Wilfred Jackson. The songs in the movie were written by Mack David, Jerry Livingston, and Al Hoffman. Songs in the movie include "A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes", "Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo", "So This Is Love", "Sing Sweet Nightingale", "The Work Song", and "Cinderella".

A live-action re-imagining produced by Walt Disney Pictures, directed by Kenneth Branagh and starring Lily James as Cinderella, Richard Madden as Prince Charming, Cate Blanchett as Lady Tremaine, and Helena Bonham Carter as The Fairy Godmother, was released in 2015. It was a commercial success, and Branagh's highest-grossing film to date.

Plot 
In a far away, long ago kingdom, Cinderella is living happily with her mother and father until her mother dies. Cinderella's father remarries a cold, cruel woman who has two daughters, Drizella and Anastasia. When the father dies, Cinderella's wicked stepmother turns her into a virtual servant in her own house. Meanwhile, across town in the castle, the King determines that his son the Prince should find a suitable bride and provide him with a required number of grandchildren. So the King invites every eligible maiden in the kingdom to a fancy dress ball, where his son will be able to choose his bride. Cinderella has no suitable party dress for a ball, but her friends the mice, lead by Jacques and Gus, and the birds lend a hand in making her one, a dress the evil stepsisters immediately tear apart on the evening of the ball. After that the stepmother and the stepsisters went to the ball and Cinderella cried in the garden. Her sadness finished after her fairy godmother by used the magic gave to her a coach, a coachman, horses, a footman and a light beautiful silver with diamonds ball gown with glass slippers, but the godmother warns Cinderella must return before midnight because everything will turn in their true form. In the ball she and the prince falls in love and the king believes Cinderella is the best daughter-in-law but at midnight Cinderella hurry went away but forgot her one glass slipper after that the prince search for her by all the young maids wear the slipper. When Cinderella learned that accidentally uncovered to her stepmother who locked her in her room. But when the duke came in the home and the stepsisters started to wear the slipper Cinderella's mice friends Jaq and Gus took the key and freed Cinderella who by wear the slipper married the prince and lived with her love and friends happily ever after.

References

Other websites 

 
 
 
 

1950 romance movies
1950s family movies
1950s fantasy movies
1950s musical movies
American family movies
American musical fantasy movies
1950s American romance movies
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
Movies based on fairy tales
Movies composed by Oliver Wallace
In Christianity, one way people think of God is as a being that made everything and lives forever. The Christian Bible speaks of God as one who is, who speaks, who sees, hears, acts, and loves. Christians believe that God has a will and is a kind, all powerful being.

Some Christians believe God to be immanent (with and inside all things). Others believe he will be immanent later. Most believe he is also transcendent (outside space and time, so he is unable to be changed by forces inside the universe).

Trinitarians see the Christian God as Father, Son and Holy Spirit. They say that God is one being that lives forever, who is inside and beyond nature. All Christian denominations say that God is personal to humans and to himself. Most of the Christians believe that God is a spirit.

Names for God

In the Bible, God has the personal name Yahweh (or YHWH).

God seen by people

God is not seen often by people in the Bible.

God is seen:

By Adam and Eve to give them rules
By Adam and Eve to punish them for breaking the rules
By Moses as a burning bush
By Moses as a pillar of flames

Referencing 

Christian theology
The list of players who have scored five or more goals in an NHL game includes only 57 names.

In the National Hockey League (NHL), it is rare for one player to score so many goals in a single event.

The most recent instance was Mika Zibanejad on March 5, 2020.

Scorers

 

Legend

References
General
 
Specific

five or more goals in an NHL game
National Hockey League lists
In Brazil, the Civil Police (called the ''Polícía Civil'' in Portuguese) is the country's investigative state police forces. The Civil Police are under the authority of the federative units of Brazil.  The federative units' job is to protect public safety and keep public order.  Article 144 of the Federal Constitution of 1988 gives this job to the federative units (and their agency, the Civil Police).

Each of the states of Brazil has its own Civil Police Department, which carries out detective work, forensics, and criminal investigations. Each Civil Police Department acts as a state bureau of investigation.

Description

The Civil Police of Brazil began as the General Intendancy of Police, created in Rio de Janeiro on May 10, 1808.  The General Intendancy was later re-organized and renamed the Civil Police.  Today, the Constitution of Brazil says that the Civil Police must exist.  This is stated in article 144, IV and 144 § 4°, of the Federal Constitution.

Organization
There are 27 civil police forces in Brazil, one for each state. They are directed by a Head of Police, who is elected. 

Judiciary police have control over small cities or quarters of the large cities.

Other websites

Law enforcement agencies
Government of Brazil
Churros are fried-dough pastry-based snacks, sometimes made from potato dough, that originated in Portugal. They are popular in Latin America, France, Portugal, the United States, and Spanish-speaking Caribbean islands.  There are two types of churros in Spain.  One is long and fat (porra), and the other, extra popular in Madrid, is thin and has knots. They are both eaten for breakfast or as a treat with chocolate or sugar.

Desserts
Sweet breads
American food
Argentine food
Bolivian culture
Brazilian food
Chilean culture
Colombian food
Ecuador
Filipino culture
French food
Mexican food
New Mexico
Paraguay
Peruvian culture
Portuguese food
Spanish food
Uruguayan culture
Venezuelan food
Animatronics is to use electronics and robotics in automated, magically moving puppets to make them appear to be alive. It is normally used in moviemaking, but also in theme parks and other forms of getting out of boredom. The best things about it and CGI and stop motion is that it is not a feeling of reality, but are some objects moving in the computer. The technology behind this has become more large and difficult over the years, making the puppets become real.

Other websites
 Swarthmore/Brief guide 

Animation
Scar is a fictional character and the main antagonist of Walt Disney Pictures' animated movie The Lion King. He is Simba's arch-nemesis and paternal uncle, Mufasa's arch-rival and younger brother, Kion, Kopa, and Kiara's great uncle, Shenzi, Banzai and Ed's former leader and boss.

He was voiced by Jeremy Irons with singing vocals by Jim Cummings in the 1994 movie. His supervising animator was Andreas Deja. Scar is one of four Disney characters to be nominated for "Best Villain" in the MTV Movie Awards (the other three being the White Witch, Captain Barbossa and Davy Jones), and is also the only Disney animated character to have achieved this. 

Animated characters
Disney characters
Kingdom Hearts characters
Fictional animals
Fictional characters introduced in 1994
Fictional murderers
The Lion King
Pepé Le Pew is an animated skunk created by Chuck Jones in 1945. His original name was "Stinky". Pepe le Pew cartoon, For Scent-imental Reasons (1949) was the only Chuck Jones directed Looney Tunes cartoon that won the Academy Award for Best Animated short.

Looney Tunes characters
Animated characters
Fictional animals
Fictional characters introduced in the 1940s
Tune Squad players
Tom and Jerry is an American animated cartoon series. It is about two characters: a blue cat named Tom and a house mouse named Jerry.

Below is a list of the 164 Tom and Jerry animated shorts produced and released between 1940 and 2014. Of these, 162 are theatrical shorts, one is a made-for-TV short, and one is a 2-minute sketch shown as part of a telethon.

1940–1958: Hanna-Barbera/MGM/UA cartoons

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Numbers
!style="width:18em"| Title
!style="width:7em"| Date
! Notes
|-
| 027
| Cat Fishin'''
| February 22
| 
|-
| 028
| Part Time Pal| March 15
|-
| 029
| The Cat Concerto| April 26
| Won an Academy Award for Short Subjects, Cartoons
|-
| 030
| Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Mouse| June 14
| Nominated for an Academy Award for Short Subjects, Cartoons
|-
| 031
| Salt Water Tabby| July 12
|  
|-
| 032
| A Mouse in the House| August 30
| 
|-
| 033
| The Invisible Mouse| September 27
| 
|}

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1961–1962: Gene Deitch/Rembrandt Films cartoons
The following thirteen cartoons were directed by Gene Deitch, produced by William L. Snyder, and animated at Snyder's Rembrandt Films in Prague, Czechoslovakia. All the cartoons were released to theaters by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

1961

1962

 1963–1967: Chuck Jones/Sib Tower 12 cartoons 
The following 34 cartoons were produced by Chuck Jones in Hollywood, California.  They were released to theaters by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. These cartoons all were released on DVD in 2009 as part of Tom and Jerry: The Chuck Jones Collection.

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1975: The Tom and Jerry Show 48 cartoonsThe Tom & Jerry Show having 16 Episodes with 48 segments, each segment with 7-8 Minutes. The following 48 cartoons were produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions in association with MGM Television in 1975 for ABC based on the theatrical Tom and Jerry'' short series. This series marked the first time ever that Tom and Jerry appeared in animated installments produced exclusively for television. The show is currently owned by Warner Bros. Television through Time Warner's acquisition of Turner Entertainment.

1975

2000: Made-for-TV cartoon

2000

2005: Warner Bros. Animation cartoon

2005

Lists of animated television series episodes
Woolworths is a group of Australian supermarkets.  It is known by locals as 'Woolies'. It is the largest supermarket chain in Australia.

As of October 2008, the business had 780 Australian supermarkets and 667 liquor stores in Australia. It owns 201 supermarkets in New Zealand. It also owns 271 hotels and the discount department store chain Big W and an electronics retail chain Dick Smith.

Shops in Victoria used to be known as Safeway until 2008, when Woolworths Limited announced that all Safeway stores would become Woolworths stores in line with the rest of Australia. The New South Wales company had taken over the Victorian chain in the 1980s but had not changed the shop names (and in fact rebranded existing Woolworths stores as Safeway). In August 2008 there were 189 supermarkets in Victoria that were to be changed from being called Safeway to Woolworths.

Woolworths was the first Australian supermarket to offer petrol discounts when a certain amount of money was spent in the shop.

In 2009 Apple launched a legal challenge against Woolworths, claiming their logo, resembling a curl of fruit peel in the shape of a 'w', was superficially similar to the Apple logo.

On 11 March 2020, due to the COVID-19 Pandemic to legacy shooting of enhanced community quarantine, The supermarket is temporarily disallowed.

References 

1924 establishments
1920s establishments in Australia
Supermarkets of Australia
Privatization is when a nationalized company or government agency is sold by the government to investors who want to buy it.

Economics
Property
One Canada Square is the second tallest building in the United Kingdom. It is  tall. It is in Canary Wharf.

References

Other websites

Official Canary Wharf website
 

1991 establishments in England
Buildings and structures completed in the 1990s
Buildings and structures in London
Skyscrapers in the United Kingdom
The Opel Combo is a panel van and leisure activity vehicle made by the German company Opel.

It has different names in other countries such as the Vauxhall Combo (Great Britain), Chevrolet Combo (Chile) and Holden Combo (Australia and New Zealand).

The Combo was introduced in 1994, and a second generation model was introduced in 2001.

The name "Combo" was previously used on a 3-door panel van body style of the Opel Kadett E. It competes with vans/lesuire vehicles such as the Citroen Berlingo, Peugeot Partner, Volkswagen Caddy/Life and the Fiat Doblo.

Gallery

1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Combo
Volkswagen Corrado was a car produced by Volkswagen from 1988 through 1995.

Engines 
 1.8 G60 118 kW (160 hp)
 2.0 85 kW (115 hp)
 2.0 16V 100 kW (136 hp)
 2.9 VR6 140 kW (190 hp)

1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
Corrado
Front wheel drive vehicles
Volvo V50 is a car produced by Volvo since 2004. It is the estate version of the second generation S40. It replaced the V40, which was an estate version of the first generation version of the S40. In 2012 it was replaced by a different car also called V40.

Engines 
 1.6 74 kW (100 hp)
 1.8 92 kW (125 hp)
 2.0 107 kW (145 hp)
 2.4 103 kW (140 hp)
 2.4i 125 kW (170 hp)
 T5 162 kW (220 hp) and 169 kW (230 hp)
 1.6 D 80 kW (109 hp)
 D2 84 kW (114 hp)
 2.0 D 100 kW (136 hp)
 D3 110 kW (150 hp)
 D4 130 kW (177 hp)
 D5 132 kW (180 hp)

2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
V50

sv:Volvo S40#V50
The Ford Mondeo is a line of large family luxury compact vehicles produced by The Ford Motor Company since 1992. There have so far been five generations of the Mondeo.

First Generation (Mk1 1992-1996)

The Ford Mondeo Mk1 was released on November 16, 1992 and went on sale on March 22, 1993. It was a class leader back in its day thanks to its fine ride and handling and was competing against many other modern cars such as the Honda Accord, the Toyota Carina and more. The car was sold as a 4 door sedan, hatchback, and station wagon. The Mk1 was discontinued in 1996 as the Mk2 replaces it.

Second Generation (Mk2 1996-2000)

The Mk2 Mondeo (or known as the Mk1 Mondeo facelift of makeover) started production in 1996. It was released due to bad problems with the Mk1 towards the time being of 1996: The headlights had bad performance, passengers would get squashed in the back seat of the car due to the small spacing between the front seats and the back, etc. The Mk2 lacked all that, but still kept a similar body to the Mk1. The Mk2 was discontinued in 2000 to leave space for the Mk3.

Third Generation (Mk3 2000-2007)

The Mk3 started production in October 2000 to replace the Mk2. The Mk3 featured an all new design compared to previous models. The Mk3 was also wider and more comfortable than the previous models. It included all new headlights too.

2003 saw a facelift of the Mk3. It featured Ford's new high-tech stereo, a more powerful A/C/Heater, and featured an updated interior. It also featured more classy body colours compared to the ones offered on the 2000-2003 Mk3.

They once again updated the model in 2005 to keep customers interested in the model. The Mk3 was discontinued in 2007 for the Mk4.

Fourth Generation (Mk4 2007-2014)

The Mk4 was released in May 2007 in the United Kingdom and had five different trim levels: Edge, Zetec, Ghia, Titanium, and Titanium X. The Ford Mondeo Mk4 is the successor to the Mk3 and has new sporty styling and more interior space, it received a facelift in October 2010. The Mk5 replacement was meant to arrive in 2013 but due to production delays, it was pushed back to October 2014.

Fifth Generation (Mk5 2014-2022)

The Mk5 Mondeo first launched in the US in 2012 as the Ford Fusion, it was meant to arrive in Europe in 2013 but production delays pushed its launch back to October 2014, due to production moving from Belgium to Spain. Like previous Mondeos, it comes in many bodystyles, engines and trim levels and is attractively styled. In March 2021, Ford announced that they will be ending production of the Mondeo in March 2022 due to falling sales and growing demand for SUV's like Ford's own Kuga which has often outsold it in recent years.

References

1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Mondeo
Volvo V40 was a car produced by Volvo from 1995 through 2004. It was the estate version of the first generation S40. It was replaced by the V50 in 2004.

In 2012 Volvo introduced a a different car also Volvo V40. It is a completely new design and it shares nothing but its name with the older V40.

1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Volvo automobiles

sv:Volvo S40#Tredje generationen Volvo V40 (2012-)
El Hadji Diouf (born 15 January 1981) is a Senegalese football player. He plays for Blackburn Rovers.

Club career statistics

|-
|1998/99||Sochaux-Montbéliard||Division 1||15||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|1999/00||Stade Rennais||Division 1||27||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||2
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Lens||rowspan="2"|Division 1||28||8||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||8
|-
|2001/02||26||10||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||26||10

|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Liverpool||rowspan="2"|Premier League||29||3||3||0||5||3||9||0||46||6
|-
|2003/04||26||0||1||0||2||0||4||0||33||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="4"|Bolton Wanderers||rowspan="4"|Premier League||27||9||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||32||9
|-
|2005/06||20||3||0||0||1||0||6||1||27||4
|-
|2006/07||33||5||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||35||5
|-
|2007/08||34||4||1||0||1||0||6||2||42||6
|-
|2008/09||Sunderland||Premier League||14||0||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Blackburn Rovers||rowspan="2"|Premier League||14||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||14||1
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
96||20||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||97||20
197||25||10||0||13||3||25||3||245||31
293||45||11||0||13||3||25||3||342||51
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2000||3||0
|-
|2001||9||8
|-
|2002||15||2
|-
|2003||8||3
|-
|2004||6||0
|-
|2005||7||4
|-
|2006||7||0
|-
|2007||3||2
|-
|2008||11||2
|-
!Total||69||21
|}

References

1981 births
Living people
Senegalese footballers
Dennis Wise (born 16 December 1966) is a former football player. He has played for England national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1984-85||rowspan="6"|Wimbledon||rowspan="2"|Second Division||1||0
|-
|1985-86||4||0
|-
|1986-87||rowspan="4"|First Division||28||4
|-
|1987-88||30||10
|-
|1988-89||37||5
|-
|1989-90||35||8
|-
|1990-91||rowspan="11"|Chelsea||rowspan="2"|First Division||33||10
|-
|1991-92||38||10
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="9"|Premier League||27||3
|-
|1993-94||35||4
|-
|1994-95||19||6
|-
|1995-96||35||7
|-
|1996-97||31||3
|-
|1997-98||26||3
|-
|1998-99||22||0
|-
|1999-00||30||4
|-
|2000-01||36||3
|-
|2001-02||Leicester City||Premier League||17||1
|-
|2002-03||rowspan="3"|Millwall||rowspan="2"|First Division||29||3
|-
|2003-04||31||1
|-
|2004-05||League Championship||25||3
|-
|2005-06||Southampton||League Championship||11||1
|-
|2005-06||Coventry City||League Championship||13||6
593||95
593||95
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1991||5||1
|-
|1992||0||0
|-
|1993||0||0
|-
|1994||3||0
|-
|1995||3||0
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||1||0
|-
|2000||8||0
|-
!Total||21||1
|}

References

1966 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
Sportspeople from London
Premier League players
Ashley Ward is a former English football player.

English footballers
People from Lancashire
1970 births
Living people
Premier League players
Ivica Kralj (born March 26, 1973) is a Montenegrin football player. He has played for Yugoslavia national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1989-90||rowspan="3"|Arsenal||||0||0
|-
|1990-91||||0||0
|-
|1991-92||||25||0
|-
|1992-93||Partizan||First League||0||0
|-
|1993-94||Jastrebac Niš||First League||13||0
|-
|1994-95||rowspan="4"|Partizan||rowspan="4"|First League||10||0
|-
|1995-96||13||0
|-
|1996-97||30||0
|-
|1997-98||26||0

|-
|1998-99||Porto||Portuguese Liga||7||0

|-
|1998-99||Radnički Kragujevac||First League||3||0

|-
|1999-00||PSV Eindhoven||Eredivisie||4||0

|-
|2000-01||Partizan||First League||6||0

|-
|2001-02||rowspan="2"|PSV Eindhoven||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||3||0
|-
|2002-03||0||0

|-
|2003-04||rowspan="3"|Partizan||rowspan="3"|First League||18||0
|-
|2004-05||23||0
|-
|2005-06||21||0

|-
|2006-07||Partizan||Superliga||12||0

|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Rostov||Premier League||0||0
|-
|2008||First Division||||

|-
|2008-09||Spartak Trnava||Superliga||||
126||0
62||0
12||0
7||0
7||0
0||0
0||0
214||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||11||0
|-
|1998||12||0
|-
|1999||5||0
|-
|2000||8||0
|-
|2001||4||0
|-
!Total||41||0
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Montenegrin footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Bit-level parallelism is a form of parallel computing based on increasing processor word size, depending on very-large-scale integration (VLSI) technology. Enhancements in computers designs were done by increasing bit-level parallelism

Increasing the word size reduces the number of instructions the processor must execute in order to perform an operation on variables whose sizes are greater than the length of the word. (For example, consider a case where an 8-bit processor must add two 16-bit integers. The processor must first add the 8 lower-order bits from each integer, then add the 8 higher-order bits, requiring two instructions to complete a single operation. A 16-bit processor would be able to complete the operation with single instruction)

Historically, 4-bit microprocessors were replaced with 8-bit, then 16-bit, then 32-bit microprocessors, then 64-bit microprocessors. 32-bit processors has been a standard in general purpose computing for about 20 years, but now 64-bit processors are taking the lead.

References

Computer science
Instruction-level parallelism (ILP) is a measure of how many operations in a computer program can be performed "in-parallel" at the same time (termed:"simultaneously"). Consider the following program:

 1. e = a + b
 2. f = c + d
 3. g = e * f

Operation 3 depends on the results of "e" and "f" which are calculated from operations 1 and 2, so "g" cannot be calculated until both of "e" and "f" are computed.  However, operations 1 and 2 do not depend on any other operation, so they can be computed simultaneously.  If we assume that each operation can be completed in one unit of time then these three instructions can be completed in a total of two units of time, giving an ILP factor of 3/2; which means 3/2 = 1.5 greater than without ILP.

One of the goals of compilers and processors designers is to use as much ILP as possible. Ordinary programs are written execute instructions in sequence; one after the other, in the order as written by programmers. ILP allows the compiler and the processor to overlap the execution of multiple instructions or even to change the order in which instructions are executed.

How much ILP exists in programs depends on the application type, for example, in graphics and scientific applications the amount can be very large while in cryptography the amount much less.

Micro-architectural techniques that use ILP include:
Instruction pipelining where the execution of multiple instructions can be partially overlapped.
Superscalar execution in which multiple execution units are used to execute multiple instructions in parallel.
Out-of-order execution where instructions execute in any order but without violating data dependencies (remember in previous example "g" must wait for "e" and "f"). 
Register renaming which is a technique used to avoid unnecessary serialization of program operations caused by the reuse of registers by those operations, in order to enable out-of-order execution.
Speculative execution which allow the execution of complete instructions or parts of instructions before being sure whether this execution is required. 
Branch prediction which is used to avoid delays (termed:"stalls") cause of control dependencies to be resolved. Branch prediction is used with speculative execution.

In recent years, ILP techniques have been used for performance improvements in conditions where the difference between processor operating frequencies and memory access times is large. As of 2008, a cache "miss" costs several hundreds of CPU cycles in a main memory access; with much longer latency compared when the processor finds that the memory location is in the cache. Hence, this technique was proved to be insufficient to save the CPU time from waiting for the off-chip data. Instead, the industry is moving towards improving higher levels of parallelism using techniques such as multiprocessing and multithreading.

References

Other websites
 Wired magazine article that refers to the above paper
 Approaches to addressing the Memory Wall 

Computer science
Data parallelism (also known as loop-level parallelism) is a form of parallel computing for multiple processors using a technique for distributing the data across different parallel processor nodes.  It contrasts to task parallelism as another form of parallelism.

In a multiprocessor system where each one is executing a single set of instructions, data parallelism is achieved when each processor performs the same task on different pieces of distributed data. In some situations, a single execution thread controls operations on all pieces of data.  In others, different threads control the operation, but they execute the same code.  

For example, if we are running code on a 2-processor system (CPUs A and B) in a parallel computing environment, and we want to do a task on some data D, it is possible to tell CPU A to do that task on one part of D and CPU B on another part of D simultaneously (at the same time), in order to reduce the runtime of the execution. 

Data parallelism is used by many applications especially data processing applications; one of the examples is database applications. Most real programs use a combination of data parallelism and task parallelism. 

Computer science
Task parallelism (also known as Thread level parallelism, function parallelism and control parallelism) is a form of parallel computing for multiple processors using a technique for distributing execution of processes and threads across different parallel processor nodes. It contrasts to data parallelism as another form of parallelism.

In a multiprocessor system, task parallelism is achieved when each processor executes a different thread (or process) on the same or different data. The threads may execute the same or different code. Different execution threads communicate with one another usually to pass data as they work.

As a simple example, if we are running code on a 2-processor system (CPUs "a" & "b") in a parallel computing environment and we want to do tasks "A" and "B", it is possible to tell CPU "a" to do task "A" and CPU "b" to do task 'B" simultaneously (at the same time), in order to reduce the runtime of the execution. 

Task parallelism is used by multi-user and multitasking operating systems, and applications depending on processes and threads, unlike data processing applications (see data parallelism). Most real programs use a combination of Task parallelism and Data parallelism.

Computer science
The Penguin (Oswald Chesterfield Cobblepot) is a fictional character and an enemy of Batman appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character made his first appearance in Detective Comics #58 (December 1941) and was created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger. He is one of Batman's most enduring enemies and belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up Batman's rogues gallery. 

The Penguin is a Gotham City mobster who calls himself the "Gentleman of Crime". He is most often seen wearing a monocle, top hat, and tuxedo while carrying his umbrella as a weapon. The character appears most times as a short, obese man with a long nose. Penguin uses high-tech umbrellas as different tools. His umbrellas have been used as guns, gas guns, swords/knives, a mini-helicopter and many other unconventional tools. The Penguin owns and runs a nightclub called the Iceberg Lounge which provides a cover for his criminal activity.

The character has subsequently been adapted to different forms of media, including movies, tv shows and video games as well. He was played by Burgess Meredith in the 1960s television series Batman and in Batman: The Movie. He was played by Danny DeVito in Batman Returns, Robin Lord Taylor in the 2014 TV series Gotham. He will be played by Colin Farrell in the 2022 movie The Batman.

The Penguin has repeatedly been named one of the best Batman villains and one of the greatest villains in comics. Penguin was ranked #51 in IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time.

References

Batman characters
DC Comics characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1941
Batman, also known as Batman: The Movie, is a spin-off of the 1960s series. The Joker, The Penguin, The Riddler and Catwoman appear in the movie. The movie stars Adam West.

Movies based on TV series
Movies based on comic book characters
Batman movies
1966 movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Leslie H. Martinson