cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Led Zeppelin was an English rock band. The group was started in 1968 and broke up in 1980. The members were Robert Plant (vocals), Jimmy Page (lead guitar), John Paul Jones (bass), and John Bonham (drums). Led Zeppelin ended in 1980 after the accidental death of John Bonham. After Bonham's death, the band believed that nobody could take his place and decided not to continue. The band played together again in a tribute concert in London on 10 December 2007 with Jason Bonham, John's son, playing the drums. The band is one of the most influential rock bands of all time and one of the most successful music artists in history, selling 300 million albums around the world.

Discography
Studio albums
Led Zeppelin (1969)
Led Zeppelin II (1969)
Led Zeppelin III (1970)
Led Zeppelin IV (1971)
Houses of the Holy (1973)
Physical Graffiti (1975)
Presence (1976)
In Through the Out Door (1979)
Mothership (2007)

Filmography
The Song Remains the Same (1976)
Led Zeppelin (DVD) (2003)
Mothership (DVD) (2007)

Other websites 

 Led Zeppelin: Official Site
 Led Zeppelin at MySpace
 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame bio
 Rolling Stone Magazine bio 
 BBC interview with Robert Plant about the Led Zeppelin reunion
 1971 interview with Led Zeppelin 
 Heart-Led Zeppelin Stairway to heaven-kennedy center honors

1968 establishments in England
Musical groups disestablished in 1980
1960s British music groups
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
English hard rock bands
English heavy metal bands
Kennedy Center honorees
 
Musical groups established in 1968
Musical groups from London
1980s disestablishments in England
Vultures are large birds of prey that usually feed on the carrion or (dead or dying animals and rocks). Vultures use their large wings to soar in the air for many miles without having to flap. Vultures are also called buzzards.

Vultures from the Old World (Europe, Asia, and Africa) are not related to the vultures of the New World (North and South America). They look quite similar, though. Both have heads and necks with no feathers. 

Old World vultures are related to eagles and hawks and use sight to find their food. New World vultures are related to storks and use their sense of smell to find their food. Vultures symbolize death in literature.

King vultures use rocks to open eggs, they pick up a rock with their beak and simply drop or throw the rock onto the egg and breaks it.

New World vultures is a name which is used for a number of species in the Americas. The best known of these are probably the Andean condor and the black vulture.

References
The Eagle is a large birds of prey which live in and are mostly found in Eurasia and in Africa, but also in many parts of the world. Eagles hunt during the day and have very good eyesight. 

The golden eagle is found over most of the world and it usually eats small mammals. 

Sometimes, "eagle" can just mean any large hawk; as a group, eagles are not closely related to one another. 

The largest eagle that has ever lived is Haast's eagle. It is the only eagle in the world ever to have been top predator of its ecosystem. Though it is now extinct, it lived in New Zealand.

Almost all eagles are carnivores. This means that they eat meat from other animals, including fish, rabbits, snake
and  squirrels. Birds that eat meat are also known as birds of prey. Eagles are birds of prey, and so are vultures and falcons. Eagles use their strong Talons to catch and grab their food, and they use their sharp beaks to help them tear into their meat. Even though most eagles are carnivores, the African Vulturine Fish-Eagle mostly eats oil palm fruits.

References

Accipitriformes
Birds of Africa
Falcons are small to medium-sized birds of prey and are related to hawks, eagles, and vultures. They usually have pointed wings and long tails. 

Most falcons eat small mammals that they hunt using eyesight, although some species hunt other birds, which they take in flight. Like hawks, most falcons have dark gray or brown backs and wings, with white undersides.

The peregrine falcon is found over most of the world and is famous for hunting birds by diving down on them at 320 km/h (200 mi/h). It was nearly wiped out in North America by the use of pesticides, but has since made a recovery. 

In some countries falcons are used in falconry. This means people catch the birds and make them hunt for them. Long ago this was a way for people to get more food but today it is a sport.

Winter larder
On the Moroccan island of Mogador, falcons seem to imprison small birds by trapping them in crevasses, presumably saving them to eat later.

Mogador has the ruins of a fortress, a mosque and a prison. Today the island is a nature reserve, where Eleonora’s falcons nest among the ruins. They hunt migrating warblers, hoopoes and other birds. Researchers came across small birds trapped in deep cavities, their flight and tail feathers removed. The birds were unable to move their wings or use their dangling legs.

Eleonora’s falcons have been seen building up larders of up to 20 dead birds during migration season, when prey is plentiful. But "storing snacks that are still alive could be a unique behaviour" said an expert.

References

Falconiformes

kk:Сокол (Силистра облысы)
Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT) () is an institute of technology in Thammasat University, Thailand. It was established in 1992.

SIIT offers education in science, technology, engineering, and management. Every education programs are "international program", all classes are in English language. Its graduates receive degrees from Thammasat University.

Although it is part of Thammasat University, its financial and administration system are separate from the central university system.

Academics

Schools
SIIT has five schools and one department for undergraduate and graduate students.
 School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology  hosts chemical engineering and environmental technology programs
 School of Civil Engineering and Technology  hosts civil engineering and infrastructure planning programs
 School of Information, Computer and Communication Technology  hosts information technology, computer science, and Electronics and communication engineering programs
 School of Management Technology hosts management technology and engineering management programs
 School of Manufacturing Systems and Mechanical Engineering  hosts mechanical engineering and industrial engineering programs
 Department of Common and Graduate Studies

Campuses
SIIT has two campuses (as of 2013), Rangsit and Bangkadi campus. Both are in Pathum Thani province.
The area is known for "Technology Clusters of North Bangkok".
 Rangsit campus is 42 kilometers north of Bangkok (the capital city of Thailand). It is near Thailand Science Park, national research centers, industrial estates, and universities. 
 Bangkadi campus is in Bangkadi industrial park. It is near Software Park Thailand.
 There is a plan to open a new campus in Lampang. Lampang is a province in northern part of Thailand.

Other websites 
 SIIT official website
 SIIT International Office 
 SIIT.NET  community
 List of SIIT websites  (Open Directory Project)

References

Colleges and universities in Thailand
1992 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in Thailand
The Iliad  is the oldest surviving work of Greek literature. It was an oral epic poem. People spoke it without reading it. It was written down in the 8th century BC. It is an epic (or very long) poem with 24 chapters written in hexameter. The poem includes early Greek myths and legends. It may have been based on a Bronze Age attack on the city Troy. People usually say that Homer wrote the Iliad. However, scholars are not sure if the poem was really written by just one person.

The story happens during the Trojan War, some time around 1200 BC. It talks about the confrontations of the warrior Achilles and King Agamemnon. The story is only about a few weeks at the end of the war, but it also talks about many of the Greek myths about the war. It tells the story from the wrath of Achilles, to the death and funeral of Hector and the siege of Troy.

Together with another of Homer's poems, the Odyssey, it is one of the two major Greek epic poems.

Some important characters in the Iliad are Achilles, Odysseus, Agamemnon, Menelaus, Priam, Hector, Paris, and Helen.

Plot 
The poem starts with the god Apollo sending a plague to the Greeks, because they captured the daughter of one of his Trojan priests. Agamemnon is forced to give the daughter back. So that he has a girl of his own, Agamemnon takes the captured Trojan girl Briseis from her owner Achilles. Achilles is angry and refuses to fight in the war. When Achilles' lover Patroclus is killed by Hector, Achilles starts to fight again and kills Hector in a duel. Later, Hector's father Priam comes in secret to Achilles to take back his favorite son's body to give it a proper funeral, which Achilles allows him to do. The poem ends with the funeral of Hector.

Related pages
 Trojan War
 Odyssey

References

Sources
Fagles, Robert (transl) 1990. The Iliad. Introduction and notes by Bernard Knox. Penguin. . Winner of the Academy of American Poets 1991 London translation award.

Other websites

Iliad , online version of the work by Homer (English). Pope translation.
Iliad in Ancient Greek: from the Perseus Project (PP), with the Murray and Butler translations and hyperlinks to mythological and grammatical commentary; via the Chicago Homer , with the Lattimore translation and markup indicating formulaic repetitions

Greek mythology
Classical Greek literature
Epic poems
William B. Watterson II (born July 5, 1958) is an American artist and cartoonist. He is most famous for his comic strip, "Calvin and Hobbes" which was published between 1985 and 1995. He is a very private person and not much is publicly known about him. He also did not want people to sell things with the pictures of his characters on them, and the only things he allowed to be made using his characters were books with collections of Calvin and Hobbes strips.

1958 births
Living people
American cartoonists
American comics artists
A centimetre (the American spelling is centimeter, symbol cm) is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) measurement system. It is equal to one hundredth of a metre. Centi- is placed in front to say 'a hundredth'. The centimetre is the base unit of length in the old centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units.

The centimetre is usually used to measure things that are too big for millimetres  but too small for metres. A centimetre is close to the length of a fingernail.

Similarities to other units of length

1 centimetre is equal to:
 10 millimetres
 0.01 metre (1 metre is equal to 100 centimetres)
 about 0.393700787401575 inch (1 inch is equal to 2.54 centimetres) 

1 cubic centimetre is equal to 1 millilitre, under the SI system of units.

Uses of centimetre
The centimetre is also used:
 sometimes, to measure how much rain has fallen into a rain gauge;
 for heights of people, especially athletes, in metric nations;
 in  maps, centimetres are used to change from map scale to real-world scale of landscapes (kilometres).

Unicode symbols
The centimetre has Unicode symbols so it can be written in Mandarin Chinese, Japanese and Korean characters. 
 centimetre (㎝) - code 339D
 square centimetre (㎠) - code 33A0
 cubic centimetre (㎤) - code 33A4

They are placed into one character, and it is mostly used with East Asian fonts.

References

 CJK Compatibility excerpt from The Unicode Standard, Version 4.4 and co-exterior users.

Units of length
SI units
Marilyn Manson is a rock band, and also the name of the lead singer of the group. The name Marilyn Manson was taken from the first name of actress and sex symbol Marilyn Monroe and the last name of cult leader and serial killer Charles Manson. Some of the earlier band members also created stage names by taking the first name of a female sex symbol and the last name of a serial killer.

Band history
When the band started in 1989 it was originally called Marilyn Manson and the Spooky Kids. The band had four bandmembers and a drumming machine. They played small concerts in their home state Florida (the Warner family had moved from Ohio to Florida when Manson was a teenager).

In 1993 frontman Manson met Trent Reznor, lead singer for Nine Inch Nails. Reznor liked their style and offered them a record deal and the chance to tour with Nine Inch Nails. To get the deal, the band had to change its name to just Marilyn Manson. They also had to find a real drummer.

In 1995, their cover of Sweet Dreams (originally by Eurythmics) became a hit, and the band was suddenly very popular.

The band is very good friends with Nat Morley who is often featured in their music videos.

Discography

Their first album was Portrait of an American Family, which was released in 1993.

Other Marilyn Manson albums are 
 Smells Like Children (1995) (EP)
 Antichrist Superstar (1996)
 Remix & Repent (1997) (EP)
 Mechanical Animals (1998)
 The Last Tour On Earth (1999) (live album)
 Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death) (2000) 
 The Golden Age of Grotesque (2003) 
 Lest We Forget (2004) (greatest hits)
 Eat Me, Drink Me (2007).
 High End Of Low (2009).
 Born Villain (2012).
 The Pale Emperor (2015)

Some of their greatest hits are The Beautiful People, Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This), The Dope Show, Disposable Teens, Tainted Love, and  Personal Jesus.

Marilyn Manson's songs about drugs, violence and anti-Christianity caused a lot of trouble, especially among Christians. There were protests at his concerts and they were not allowed to play in some cities.

References

1989 establishments in the United States
1980s American music groups
1980s establishments in Florida
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Musical groups established in 1989
Musical groups from Florida
Lenny Bruce (October 13, 1925 – August 3, 1966), was an American comedian. His real name was Leonard Alfred Schneider. He is considered an innovator of modern stand-up comedy and changed the way many people see comedians. His jokes and routines were very improper and off limits for the time and he got in a lot of trouble for them. He is considered a hero for the defense of the First Amendment rights in the United States, especially for free speech. 

In the 1960s he was the last person arrested for impersonating and swearing, overwatched by martial law and police and banned from many cities and comedy clubs. 

He appeared on the cover of The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album.

He died in 1966 of an accidental morphine overdose whist on trial. 

In 1970 the New York's highest court of appeals decided that he is "not guilty for using bad words".

1925 births
1966 deaths
American Jews
American stand-up comedians
Comedians from New York
Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States
Kimchi (; ; ), also spelled kimchee or gimchi, is a traditional fermented Korean side dish made of vegetables with many seasonings. In traditional preparation, kimchi was stored underground in jars to keep cool during the summer months and unfrozen during the winter months.  There are hundreds of varieties of kimchi made from napa cabbage, radish, scallion, or cucumber as a main ingredient.

Kimchi is usually very strong for non-Koreans. There are many different types and Koreans typically eat kimchi in every meal. It is a staple of Korean food. Kimchi can be stored for a long time and it does not go bad easily. However, when it is exposed to hot weather for certain time, kimchi turns sour. So, it should not be put out unless it is going to be eaten soon. In Korea kimchi pots are a common sight. They are large terra cotta pots where the kimchi is stored until it can be eaten or until it ferments. Kimchi usually takes about 2 weeks to ferment, but some varieties can be eaten right away. Some must be stored for over a year to be finished. 

The fermentation gives the kimchi a pickle-like quality and generally soggy or limp kimchi is not good.

Varieties 
Every different kind of kimchi has a special taste and a different amount of time to ferment. Baechu Kimchi is one of the most famous kimchi. Kkakdugi is made of cubed Korean radish (mu). It’s especially contains more water and is hard to chew. Baek kimchi uses milder ingredients. It’s not spicy. Chonggak kimchi has a smallish white radish that comes with a ponytail. Gat kimchi is made from dark green Korean mustard (gat) leaves and stems. These can be kept for months or even longer. As these age, they taste like lemons. Oi Sobagi has a refreshing, cool, and hot taste. Cucumber is the main ingredient for it. It can be kept for about a week. As it ages, it also taste like a lemon. Dongchimi is a food and a beverage all in one. When it ferments, it becomes sweet and taste a lot like lemon water. It can be kept for about a month.

Preparation 

The most common variety of kimchi is made from cabbage, radish, garlic, red pepper, salt and sugar. The cabbage is soaked in salt water for a few hours. Coarse rock salt is then rubbed in between the leaves of the cabbage. Red peppers are also rubbed in and most Kimchi has a lot of pepper in it. The radish is usually cut into long thin strips and added to the mix. A little sugar is added to help the fermentation process along much in the same way beer is made. The amounts of each ingredient vary between the type of kimchi you are making and the personal taste of the maker. Most kimchi has a special taste with shrimp or fish. The kimchi is allowed to ferment for a period of time, usually outdoors in a large kimchi pot. It is also quite common for these pots to be buried under ground. Kimchi can be kept for a long time and does not go bad. Koreans make kimchi with their families in December.

References

Korean food
Manslaughter is the crime of killing a person. When a person is killed, lawyers also look at the reasons, and motives why this person was killed. If the death of a person was not on purpose, but the killer did something that resulted in the death of the another person, this is usually called manslaughter, in English. It is less serious than if a person was killed on purpose (sometimes with planning involved), which is called murder, in English.  Killing someone in self-defence may be manslaughter. Depending on the circumstances, killing in self-defence may be no crime at all.  Negligent homicide is an even lesser crime.

Manslaughter is a relatively new legal concept. It was first mentioned in an English statute in 1547, but was interpreted very loosely and not earnestly enforced, instead usually charging with murder.  Very few countries had manslaughter on their books until the latter half of the 20th century.  In fact, no jurisdiction in the United States had manslaughter on its books until the 20th century.  England and the United States were the first two countries to introduce manslaughter into their laws.

Laws
Legal dictionary
Bangkok (Thai: กรุงเทพมหานคร) is the capital city of Thailand. In 2010, the city had a population of 9,100,000 people. Since Bangkok has more than 55 times as many people as the second largest city, Nonthaburi, it is a primate city.

Bangkok has a tropical savanna climate (Aw in the Koeppen climate classification).

Bangkok is the world's most popular tourist destination; 23 million visitors stay overnight there per year. The main airport is Suvarnabhumi, 30 kilometers east of Bangkok.

Names
Krung Thep Maha Nakhon is [an] official name; "However, the name Bangkok is still recognised", media says. Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (Bangkok) is [another form of] the official name.

In Thailand, the city is called  Krung Thep ('city of angels'); The name is short form of a ceremonial name from the rule of one king between  1851 and 1868; The full ceremonial name is Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Piman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit. A nickname for Bangkok, is The Big Mango.

Sister cities 
  Washington, D.C., United States
  Beijing, China (PRC)
  Moscow, Russia
  Manila, Philippines (1997)
  Saint Petersburg, Russia (1997)
  Chaozhou, China (PRC) (2005)
  Seoul, South Korea (2006)
  Ankara, Turkey (2006)
  Hanoi, Vietnam (2006)
  Ulanbator, Mongolia (2006)
  Brisbane, Australia (2007)
  Milan, Italy (2007)
  Liverpool, United Kingdom (2007)
  Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan (2007)
  Budapest, Hungary (2007)
  Sydney, Australia (2007)
  Perth, Australia (2007)
  Stjørdal, Norway (2009)
  Istanbul, Turkey (2009)
  Gdańsk, Poland (2009) 
  Ragunda, Sweden

References

Other websites 

 Bangkok Metropolitan Administration 
 Bangkok Tourism Division 

 
1782 establishments
Establishments in Thailand
1780s establishments in Asia
Settlements established in the 18th century
Silicosis is a disease that is caused by small particles of silica (glass) getting trapped in the lungs. When people have silicosis, the changes in their body often are cyanosis (when skin goes a blueish color), a fever, when the body gets hotter or being not able to breathe properly. Sometimes doctors do not realize that someone has silicosis, and think that they have other illnesses like pneumonia, tuberculosis or fluid in the lungs.

It was first noticed in 1705 by Bernardino Ramazzini (an Italian doctor). He saw something that looked like sand in the lungs of stonecutters. The name silicosis is from Visconti in 1870. The name comes from the Latin silex which means flint.

Related pages 
Pneumoconiosis
Asbestosis

Other websites 
 "Preventing Silicosis" (not simple English)

Diseases
Andrew Sachs (Andreas Siegfried Sachs, 7 April 1930 – 23 November 2016) was a German-British actor. 

Sachs was born in Berlin. His family was Jewish. In 1938, they left Germany for London, shortly after Adolf Hitler became Germany's leader.  

Sachs is best known for his role as Manuel on Fawlty Towers. He also played Albert Einstein in a 1996 episode of Nova on PBS, and provided all the voices in the English version of the 1994 movie version of Faust. 

He was involved in a controversy when Russell Brand and Jonathan Ross left obscene phone messages on his answerphone stating that Brand had had sex with his granddaughter Georgina Baillie, a member of the Satanic Sluts.

Sachs died on 23 November 2016 at a nursing home in Northwood, London from vascular dementia, aged 86.

References

Other websites 
Andrew Sachs at the Internet Movie Database (IMDb)

1930 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Berlin
Actors from London
British movie actors
British television actors
British voice actors
Deaths from vascular dementia
Disease-related deaths in London
German Jews
Jewish British actors
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
The Seven Samurai is a Japanese movie, written and directed by Akira Kurosawa, and released in 1954.

Plot
The fictional plot is set in Japan in 1587, which is the 15th year of Tenshō.

People in a village are worried about thieves and decide to get samurai to help defend them. It is hard to get enough samurai. The samurai that help do it for different reasons. There is a lot of planning while they are waiting for the thieves. There is a big fight with the thieves at the end.

Similar movies
The Magnificent Seven was an American movie Western with a similar story. This is called a remake.

The movie was also adapted into an Japanese anime series in 2004 by GONZO, entitled Samurai 7. The anime series takes a more futuristic and fantasy take at the original story, replacing robots for thieves and bestowing superhuman abilities to the 7 samurais.

References

Other websites

 

1954 movies
Japanese movies
Japanese-language movies
Movies directed by Akira Kurosawa
A vacuum tube, also called a valve in British English, is an electronic device used in many older model radios, television sets, and amplifiers to control electric current flow. The cathode is heated, as in a light bulb, so it will emit electrons. This is called thermionic emission. The anode is the part that accepts the emitted electrons. The device may have other parts. Vacuum tubes must be hot to work. Most are made of glass, thus are fragile and can break. Vacuum tubes were used in the first computers like the ENIAC, which were large and need much work to continue operating.

History 

Although the vacuum tube was invented by John Ambrose Fleming in 1904, it was Thomas Edison who discovered the "Edison effect" in 1883 which states that electricity does not necessarily need a solid  material to move through; it can move through gas or vacuums as well.

John Ambrose Fleming invented the first vacuum tube, the diode, in 1904. Lee De Forest invented the "audion" in 1906 (which was improved by others as the triode in 1908) and used in the first telephone amplifiers. Many other kinds were invented for various purposes. 

The transistor became cheaper in the 1960s and was much smaller, worked on lower voltages, and used less power. In addition, unlike vacuum tubes, they were much less likely to be damaged by being dropped and had extremely long life. Eventually, they were also much cheaper than glass vacuum tubes. At this time, most radios, television sets, and amplifiers began using transistors instead. High powered electronics such as broadcasting transmitters were transistorized more slowly. Television receivers continued using the cathode ray tube until the mid-2000s.

Current uses 

In the 21st century, vacuum tubes are rarely used in common electronic equipment. Many devices today rely on the transistor over the vacuum tube. Some devices that still use the vacuum tube, however, include:

 Systems which need high frequency operation, high-power output or very high amplification, such as television transmission, X-ray machines, radar, and microwave ovens. 
 People who enjoy listening to music on high-quality home stereo systems sometimes buy amplifiers which use vacuum tubes. (See tube sound).
 Musicians who play electric musical instruments such as electric guitar sometimes use vacuum tube amplifiers.
 Vacuum fluorescent displays, which are thin vacuum tube displays that display simple information such as numbers, are still fairly common in audio / video equipment and household appliances, although they are being replaced by LED displays.
 Several niche applications, such as photomultiplier tubes.

References 

Electronic components
The Baltic Sea is a sea in northern Europe between Scandinavia, Finland, Russia, the Baltic countries, Poland, and Germany.

Many big rivers in the surrounding countries drain into the Baltic Sea. The Baltic Sea is connected to the ocean through the narrow and shallow Danish straits and belts. For this reason, the water has a low amount of salt, so the northern parts of the sea freeze over in the winter. The ice can carry cars, and roads are established every winter between the islands in the archipelagos between Sweden and Finland.

For several thousand years, the Baltic Sea has connected the countries at her shores. For that reason there are many cultural similarities in these countries. Since all of these countries are European, this sea is also considered European.

Other websites

Seas of the Atlantic Ocean
Bodies of water of Europe
Baltic states
In 1883 a young Belgian called Sylvain de Jong settled in Antwerp, Belgium. He started a bicycle factory there. By the end of that century he started producing motorbikes, and after a while automobiles as well. In 1903 he grounded the NV Minerva Motors' in Berchem (Antwerp).
A certain Charles S Rolls was Minerva dealer in England. The small 1 cylinder Minervette was there with its 105 Pound, the cheapest automobile. 
In the years after the fame of the automobile was rising enormous. Most important market for the constructor remained however England that took the biggest part of the production, followed by the Netherlands and France. 
From 1908 Minerva got a worldwide Knight licence. The Knight motor was a motor without valves, developed by Charles Y Knight in the United States. These motors were extremely silent. The company did well in several automobile racing competitions in Europe. 
After worldwar I, during which Sylvain de Jong and his engineers headed to Amsterdam, where they kept on developing parts, they returned to start up the production of luxury automobiles. The constructors star rose in the United States as well, American filmstars, politicians and industrials liked them cars as well (even Henry Ford had before the WW already one!). The car had the same qualities as the Rolls Royce, but was a little cheaper. With the economical crisis in the 30's, the company went bankrupt in 1936. The remains were taken over by another Belgian constructor named Imperia. Imperia putted the name Minerva on their automobiles for export to England and France and for the trucks (which Minerva had made before too). 
After worldwar II  the company produced Land Rovers under licence for the Belgian army. Production of these 4Wheel Drives stopped in 1953. The company struggled for survival and made some Land Rover-like cars till 1956. But than the constructor diappeared completely.

Other websites 
Minerva Cars

Automobiles
Elwyn Brooks White (July 11, 1899 – October 1, 1985) was an American writer.

He is most famous for his 1959 manual about how to write well in English, The Elements of Style (which was first written by William Strunk Jr. in 1918), and also for his three children's books Stuart Little (1945), Charlotte's Web (1952), and the Trumpet of the Swan (1970).

He also wrote for magazines and newspapers in the United States.

E.B. White won many awards, including a Pulitzer Prize.

References 

1899 births
1985 deaths
Writers from New York
Pulitzer Prize winners
People from Mount Vernon, New York
American children's writers
American journalists
American novelists
American poets
American screenwriters
Cornell University alumni
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in Maine
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Raffles Institution is a highly regarded secondary school in Singapore, often considered the best school in the country. Only boys can go to this school. It has been performing well in studies and sports. It was founded in 1823 as Singapore Institution by Sir Stamford Raffles, the founder of modern Singapore. It is the school with the longest history in Singapore. Its name was changed to "Raffles Institution" in 1868. It has two sections, Raffles Institution and Raffles Institution Junior College.
The current principal of Raffles Institution is Mr Frederick Yeo, who replaced Mr Chan Poh Meng when he left the school at the end of 2017.

History
Sir Stamford Raffles founded Raffles Institution on 5 June 1823, making it the school with the longest history in Singapore. Raffles Institution was along Bras Basah Road at first, where Raffles City is now. The school moved to Grange Road in 1973, and then moved to its current location at Bishan in 1990. The Grange Road campus is now the MOE Teacher's Network.

Other websites 
 School Website

References

Schools in Singapore
An archipelago () is a chain or group of islands. The word archipelago means "chief sea", from Greek arkhon (arkhi-) ("leader") and pelagos ("sea").

Archipelagos are usually found in the open sea; less commonly, a big landmass may neighbor them, an example being Scotland which has more than 700 islands surrounding the mainland. Many archipelagos are volcanic, forming along mid-ocean ridges or hotspots. Others are island arcs neighboring an oceanic trench. Many other processes create archipelagos, including erosion, deposition, and land elevation.

The four biggest countries that are mainly archipelagos are Japan, the Philippines, the United Kingdom and Indonesia (the world's biggest archipelagic country according to the CIA World Factbook). The biggest archipelago in the world by size is in Northern Canada, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, which is in the Arctic Ocean.

References
The Baltic states are three countries in Northern Europe to the east of the Baltic Sea and the south of the Gulf of Finland. They are, from north to south, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The languages that are spoken in these countries are different: while Lithuanians and Latvians speak Baltic languages (Latvian and Lithuanian), Estonians speak an Uralic language (Estonian).

By their culture and history, the Baltic countries are close to the Nordic countries. The biggest difference in the history was that the Baltic countries incorporated to the Soviet Union in 1940 (during the Second World War), but not the Nordic countries (with the exception of Karelia, a part of Finland which later joined the Russian SFSR). The three countries would become republics of the Soviet Union as the Estonian SSR, Latvian SSR, and Lithuanian SSR.

All three Baltic states had their freedom back in 1991, when the Soviet Union came to an end. However, the states all consider the Soviet occupation to be illegal, which has been supported by the United States, European Union, and United Nations. Today, the Baltic countries are some of the richest and most advanced countries which were part of the Soviet Union. They became members of the European Union and NATO in 2004, joined the Schengen Area in 2007, and became part of the eurozone by 2015.

Paganism was the religion of Baltic people before most of them took Christianity during the Middle Ages. Baltic paganism never died out and some people are still pagans.
Topography means the description of shape. The word comes from Greek:  "place" and   "(I) write". It is an important part of earth science.

When you talk of the topography of the land, you refer to the landscape features like valleys, hills and mountains, rivers and lakes, or the coastline. Everything that describes the form of the landscape, is part of the topography. Topographic maps show topography.

Related pages 
Cartography

Physical geography
Bornholm is a small, rocky island in the Baltic Sea. Bornholm is a Danish island.

The island is a popular holiday resort for Scandinavians, Germans and Poles. Many yachters come here in the summer.

At the end of World War II, the island was "liberated" by the Soviet red army, and held for several months after the German surrender. The island lies far east of the demarcation line between the allied forces in Europe. For some time the Soviet presence looked like an occupation. It was not until April 5th, 1946 that the island at last was free.
But then the Danish government took over and the island is today a Danish colony. But the struggle for a free island still goes on as it can be seen on this page Free Bornholm

Other websites

Islands of Denmark
Santa Monica is a beach town in California. It is next to Los Angeles, California, US.

It was made a city in 1886. In 2000, there were 88,050 people living there. 

It is famous for the Santa Monica Pier that has many fun rides.

Famous people from Santa Monica
Sandy Nelson (d. 2022)

Other websites

 
 Santa Monica Convention and Visitors Bureau
 Santa Monica Chamber of Commerce
 Santa Monica Little League
 Santa Monica Public Library
 
 
 A Weekend in Santa Monica – slideshow by The New York Times
Herbert Buckingham Khaury, better known as Tiny Tim (April 12, 1932–November 30, 1996), was an American singer and musician. He became popular in the late 1960s due to his appearances on television, and songs played on ukulele with a falsetto voice. His most famous song was "Tiptoe Through the Tulips". His best-remembered television appearances were on Laugh-In and The Tonight Show. His first wedding took place on The Tonight Show in 1969, at host Johnny Carson's suggestion.

Career
Not just a performer, he was also an expert , who studied American music from the earliest days of the United States, and performed many historic songs in his act. Over time, he used his falsetto voice less, and performed most songs in his natural, baritone voice.

When his popularity as a "" lessened, he performed in small nightclubs and other places, as he had earlier. During the 1980s, he toured with a circus, and appeared in a movie as a circus performer who turned to crime. In the 1990s, he recorded new music (including a Christmas album), and joined comedian Pat Paulsen in his latest mock campaign to become President of the United States, as Paulsen's .

Personal life
Married three times, his last wife was a former fan, who met him when she made a documentary about his life and career. One of his later supporters was radio talk show host Howard Stern. Tiny Tim died in 1996, after suffering a heart attack during a performance.

singers from New York City
musicians from New York City
Deaths from myocardial infarction

1932 births
1996 deaths
Baritones
The Kelvin scale (symbol: K) is the SI unit of temperature. It is named in honour of the physicist William Thomson, the first Lord Kelvin (1824–1907).
0 degree celsius = 273 kelvin

Definition 

The Kelvin scale is defined by a specific relationship between the pressure of a gas and the temperature. This says that "the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin". This means that Kelvin is an absolute temperature scale, and scientists use this scale more than any other.

The kelvin is a base SI unit of measurement, since 2018 defined by setting the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to 1.380649×10−23 J⋅K−1.

The temperature of the triple point of water is a hundredth of a degree Celsius above the freezing point, or 0.01 °C. The coldest possible temperature is called absolute zero and is equal to -273.15 degrees Celsius, or zero kelvin (0 K). By writing temperatures in kelvins one does not need to use negative numbers.

The absolute temperature scale was designed so that a change in temperature of 1 kelvin is equal to a change of 1 degree Celsius. This means that it is easy to convert a temperature from degrees Celsius to kelvin.
 To change a temperature in degrees Celsius into Kelvins you must add 273.15 units. For example, 0 degrees Celsius (0 °C), which is the temperature at which water freezes, is 273.15 kelvins (273.15 K).
 To change a temperature in Kelvins into degrees Celsius you must subtract 273.15 units. For example, 310 kelvins is 36.85 degrees Celsius, which is roughly the normal temperature of a human body.

It is important to notice that the name of this unit is simply kelvin (with a lowercase initial), not "degree Kelvin". In English, it undergoes normal plural inflection as kelvins. For example, the boiling point of liquid nitrogen is 77 kelvins.

In everyday use, the kelvin is most commonly used to measure very low or very high temperatures, such as the temperature of liquid nitrogen or the temperature of a light bulb filament.

References

Related pages
 Temperature
 Celsius

SI units
Units of temperature
Tourism means people traveling for fun and adventure . It includes activities such as sightseeing and camping.  People who travel for fun are called "tourists". Places where many tourists stay are sometimes called "resorts". Places that people go to for tourism are called tourist destinations.

There are many reasons why people travel for fun:
 Some people travel to learn about the history or culture of a city or country, or about the people who live there, or their ancestors.
 People from cold places sometimes like to relax in the sun.  Many people from northern Europe or North America travel to warmer places and visit beaches. 
 Some people travel to do an activity which they cannot do at home.  There are many ski resorts in the Alps of Switzerland and Austria, and seaside resorts in Greece and other warm countries.
 People sometimes visit friends and family in another city or country.
 Finally, some people enjoy a change in scenery. City people go to forests or deserts,  and vice versa.

The tourism industry 

The tourism industry has different parts. Some of these are:

 Transport; such as airlines, railways, boats, and road transport.
 Places to stay; such as hotels, camping grounds or parks, youth hostels, and bed and breakfasts.
 Food and drink; such as restaurants, cafes and bars.
Tour guides show people supply local knowledge of a place.
Package tour operators can offer all these services to a group who will go together. This can be cheaper than paying for them separately.

Damage tourism can bring 
Tourism can bring damage to the local area, and/or the tourists. Litter, scuba-diving and deforestation are problems for popular places such as St. Lucia, Hawaii and others. Scuba-diving can damage coral reefs which are home to hundreds of species of sea animals.  Tourism can change culture when people learn each others’ ways, and certain local traditions are being put aside for tourists.

Related pages 
 Tourist attraction

Other websites 
 Wikivoyage has tourism information for the whole world.
Tourism Abbreviations, smartdefine.org
In Amsterdam#!/tourism/15 Best Places To Visit In Amsterdam, https://mozusa.com/
A computer monitor is an electronic device that shows pictures for computers. Monitors often look similar to televisions. The main difference between a monitor and a television is that a monitor does not have a television tuner to change channels. Monitors often have higher display resolution than televisions. A high display resolution makes it easier to see smaller letters and fine graphics.

There are three types of computer displays:
 The CRT monitor. These are big and heavy and use a lot of desk space and electricity. It is the oldest technology used by monitors and is based on the cathode ray tube technology that was developed for television. Monitors are made with better parts which give a higher display resolution and picture sharpness than a television. This type of monitor is no longer popular.

 The LCD monitor, the most common kind of flat panel display. It is a newer technology than CRT. LCD monitors use much less desk space, are lightweight and use less electricity than CRT. They have been used for many years in the screens of laptop and notebook computers. They also work as touch screens in tablet computers, mobile phones, and other handheld technologies.  
 An LED Monitor (short for Light Emitting Diode) or LED display is an LCD Monitor that uses light emitting diodes for backlighting. The first LCD Monitors used cold cathode fluorescent lamps instead of LEDs to illuminate the screen.
 In the early 21st century the price of video projectors has fallen and they are now used in many places to show large images. These use various technologies to make the image including LCD - Liquid crystal display and DLP - Digital light processing which uses very small mirrors to direct the light.

References

Display technology
In geometry, the diameter of a circle is a line from one side directly to the opposite side through the centre. It can also be defined as the longest chord of a circle. The same explanations can be also used to describe the diameter in a sphere.

The letter d or the symbol ⌀ are often used as a symbol for the diameter. The diameter's length is often called the diameter itself.

The diameter's length is twice the radius, and therefore the relationship between the diameter's length and radius can be shown with the equations:

   and

Related pages 

 Circumference
 Pi

References 

Geometry
Events 
 Albert Einstein receives the Nobel Prize in Physics.
 Irish Civil War (1921-1924)

Births 
 January 17 – Antonio Prohias (d. 1998)
 May 3 – Sugar Ray Robinson, American boxer (d. 1989)
 April 25 – Karel Appel, Belgian artist (d. 2006)
 July 6 – Nancy Reagan, American actress and First Lady of the United States (d. 2016)

Deaths 
 July 4 – Antoni Grabowski
 August 16 – Peter I of Serbia

Sports 
Kentucky Derby winner, Behave Yourself
Births 
 January 3 – J. R. R. Tolkien
 February 10 - Alan Hale Sr., American actor (d. 1950)
 July 23 – Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia
 Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan, British Indian statesman and leader of the Punjab.

Art, music, theatre, and literature 
 December 17 – Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker premieres in St Petersburg.
Events 
 January 10 – a fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London.
 April 30 – Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation (See Nicaragua's early history)
 May – The People's Charter drawn up in the United Kingdom demanding universal suffrage.
 May 26 – USA: Trail of Tears – forced relocation of the Cherokee tribe, killing at least 8,000.
 1 August – Trinidad and Tobago: Slavery officially abolished
 7 September – The paddlesteamer Forfarshire foundered on the Farne Islands, UK, giving rise to the fame of Grace Darling, who rescued nine passengers.
 November 3 India: The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce is founded. This paper was later renamed to The Times of India in 1861
 November 5 – Central American Civil War begins with Honduras' separation from the Central American Federation.
 December – Beginning of Pastry War: Mexico invaded by French forces

Births 
 January 4 – General Tom Thumb, American circus performer and entertainer (d. 1883)
 January 6 – Max Bruch, German composer (d. 1920)
 January 16 – Franz Brentano, German philosopher and psychologist (d. 1917)
 February 6 – Henry Irving, English actor (d. 1905)
 February 10 – Gustav Oelwein, founder of Oelwein, Iowa (d. 1913)
 February 18 – Ernst Mach, Austrian physicist and philosopher
 March 3 – George William Hill, American astronomer
 April 3 – John Willis Menard, African-American politician
 April 8 – Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German inventor
 April 12 – John Shaw Billings, M.D., American military and medical leader
 April 16 – Martha McClellan Brown, American temperance movement leader
 May 10 – John Wilkes Booth, the man who killed United States President Abraham Lincoln.
 May 20 – Jules Méline, French statesman
 September 23 - Victoria Woodhull - the first woman to be up for candidate for the President of the United States.
 September 28 – Sai Baba of Shirdi, Indian national saint (d. 1918)

Deaths 
 January 3 – Prince Maximilian of Saxony
 January 5 – Anthony Van Egmond, rebel leader in Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837 {died in jail}
 February 21 – Silvestre de Sacy, linguist
 March 13 – Poul Martin Møller, philosopher
 April 9 – Piet Uys, Voortrekker leader (in battle)
 May 17 – Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, French diplomat
 July 19 – Christmas Evans, preacher
 August 17 – Lorenzo Da Ponte, librettist for Mozart
 August 21 – Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer
 September 1 – William Clark, American explorer
 October 1 – Charles Tennant, Scottish chemist and industrialist
 November 21 – Georges Mouton, count of Lobau, Marshal of France