cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The following is a list of the major rivers of Asia, by letter. See the articles for tributaries and other information.

 Amu Darya - Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan - Aral Sea
 Amur - China (Manchuria), Russia (Siberia) - Sea of Okhotsk
 Angara
 Aras -Turkey
 Buriganga River - Bangladesh
 Büyük Menderes( Maeander) - Turkey
 Brahmaputra - China (Tibet), India (Assam), Bangladesh - Bay of Bengal
 Cagayan - Philippines (Luzon)
 Chao Phraya - Thailand - Gulf of Thailand
 DicleTigris - Turkey, Iraq 
 Fırat Euphrates - Turkey, Syria, Iraq
 Ganges River - India
 Ghaggar River
 Godavari - India
 Habur (Khabur) Turkey, Syria
 Hai - China - Yellow Sea
 Han River - Korea - Yellow Sea
 Hari River, Afghanistan - Afghanistan and Turkministan
 Huai - China - Yellow Sea
 Huangpu River - China
 Indus - China (Tibet), Pakistan
 Ayeyarwady River - Burma
 Irtysh - China
 Jordan - Israel, Jordan
 Kapuas - Borneo
 Karakash - China (Takla Makan)
 Karnaphuli - India, Bangladesh
 Karun Iran
 Kaveri River- India
 Kızılırmak Halys - Turkey
 Krishna - India - Bay of Bengal
 Kolyma - Russia (Siberia)
 Küçük Menderes (Cayster) - Turkey
 Lena - Russia (Siberia)
 Lishui (Li)- China
 Liao - China (Manchuria) - Bohai Gulf
 Marikina River - Philippines (Marikina City, Metro Manila)
 Mekong - China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia.
 Mindanao - Philippines
 Ob - Russia (Siberia) - Gulf of Ob of the Arctic Ocean
 Om - Russia
 Orontes ('Asi) - Lebanon, Syria
 Pasig River - Philippines (Pasig City and Manila, Metro Manila)
 Pearl River - China - South China Sea
 Lijiang
 Rajang River - Malaysia - South China Sea
 Red River - China, Vietnam - South China Sea
 Sakarya River - Turkey
 Salween - China (Tibet, Yunnan), Myanmar, Thailand - Andaman Sea
 Sefid River Iran
 Selenga - Russia (Siberia), Mongolia
 Shatt al-Arab - Iraq, Iran - Persian Gulf
 Songhua - China (Manchuria), Russia (Siberia)
 Syr Darya - Kazakhstan
 Tumen River - China, North Korea, Russia - Sea of Japan
 Vaigai River - India
 Xi - China
 Xiang - China
 Yangtze (Chang Jiang) - China - East China Sea
 Yalu - North Korea, China - Korea Bay of the Yellow Sea
 Yellow River (Huang He) - China - Yellow Sea
 Yenisei - Russia (Siberia)
 Yeşilırmak -Turkey
 Yuan- China
 Yurungkash - China (Takla Makan)
 Zijiang (Zi)- China
 Zeravshan - Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
This is a list of rivers in Florida, by region:

Atlantic Coast
Major rivers
Indian River
Crane Creek
Eau Gallie River
Elbow Creek
Turkey Creek
St. Marys River
Amelia River
Bells River
St. Johns River
MAJOR TRIBUTARIES
Econlockhatchee River
Little Econlockhatchee River
Ocklawaha River
MINOR TRIBUTARIES
Sisters Creek
Broward River
Trout River
Rice Creek
Ribault River
Little Trout River
Arlington River
Ortega River
Cedar River
Julington Creek
Black Creek
Dunns Creek
Salt Springs River
Alexander Springs Creek
Wekiva River
Little Wekiva River
Minor coastal rivers
Nassau River
South Amelia River
Thomas Creek
Halifax River
Fort George River
St. Lucie River
Loxahatchee River
Hillsboro River
New River (Broward County)
Miami River

Lake Okeechobee
 Kissimmee River
 Istokpoga Creek
 ends in Lake Hatchineha
 Dead River
 Reedy Creek
 Bonnet Creek
 Cypress Creek
 Whittenhorse Creek
 Lake Marion Creek
 Snell Creek

Gulf Coast
Major rivers
Alafia River
Apalachicola River
Chipola River
Aucilla River
Wacissa River
Blackwater River
Braden River
Caloosahatchee River
Choctawhatchee River
Econfina River
Econfina Creek
Escambia River
Fenholloway River
Hillsborough River
Little Manatee River
Manatee River
Myakka River
Myakkahatchee Creek
New River in Franklin County
Ochlockonee River
Sopchoppy River
Peace River
Perdido River
Shoal River
St. Marks River
Wakulla River
Steinhatchee River
Suwannee River
Alapaha River
Santa Fe River
New River in Union County
Ichetucknee River
Withlacoochee River (North Florida)
Yellow River
Wacissa River
Withlacoochee River (Central Florida)
Minor coastal rivers
Anclote River
Braden River
Coldwater River
Crystal River
Deep Creek
Homosassa River
Juniper Creek
Little Withlacoochee River
New River in Collier County
New River in Pasco County
Palm River
Pithlachascotee River
Sepulgia Creek
Sweetwater Creek
Telogia Creek
Waccasassa River
Weeki Wachee River

Florida

Florida-related lists
Franz Joseph I (in German Franz Joseph, in Hungarian Ferenc József, in English Francis Joseph) (August 18, 1830 – November 21, 1916) of the Habsburg Dynasty was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, King of Bohemia from 1848 until 1916. His brother Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria would have been his successor but he was assassinated. Charles I of Austria became emperor.

Franz Joseph's 68-year reign is the third-longest in the recorded history of Europe (after those of Louis XIV of France and Ioannes II, Prince of Liechtenstein).

Other websites 

Biography at WorldWar1.com
Details at Regiments.org 
Genealogy 
 Mayerling tragedy 

1830 births
1916 deaths
Austrian people
Emperors and empresses
Kings and queens
is a prefecture of in the Kansai region of Japan on the island of Honshu.  The capital city is Tsu.

History 
Mie prefecture was created by merging the area of Ise Province, Shima Province, Iga Province and Kii Province.

In 1871, the area from the Kisosansen River in the north to the city of Tsu became Anōtsu Prefecture. The area south of Tsu became Watarai Prefecture. In 1876, Anōtsu Prefecture and Watarai Prefecture joined to become Mie Prefecture.

Mie has four dialects…Iga dialect, Ise dialect, Shima dialect, Kisyuu dialect

Geography 
Mie Prefecture is on the eastern side of the Kii Peninsula. The prefectures that surround Mie are Aichi Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture, Nara Prefecture, and Wakayama Prefecture.

Cities 
There are fourteen cities in Mie Prefecture:

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 35% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
Aekuni jinja, Tsubaki jinja, and Izawa jinja are the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites
A glitch is something that goes wrong in a computer system, usually in games. This is also sometimes called a "bug". Sometimes when a glitch happens on a computer, a message appears, telling the user that something went wrong.

Glitches in some games
 Pokémon Red, Blue and Yellow - One of the most famous glitches in the history of video games. By taking advantage of the hexadecimal system of the games and the save function, the player can find a level 7 Mew by battling certain trainers and traveling to certain towns in a certain order. This glitch has become very famous in the online community.  There is also the Missingno glitch, which is also famous, but will block the ability to save.
 Soul Calibur III - Some things saved on a memory will get lost usually because everything a player gets is from the "Chronicles of the Sword" mode.
 Dead Or Alive 4 - The records will say 1st, 2st 3st, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th etc. instead of 1st 2nd 3rd 4th, etc.
 Call of Duty: Black Ops    In the "Zombie Mode" on the map "Kino Der Toten", there is a glitch where, if you stand behind a certain wall, the "hellhounds will not attack. also, you can jump onto a podium where you are invincible.You can also jump out of the Pack-A-Punch Room in Kino Der Toten, yet it may take a few attempts. In "Multiplayer", there are glitches for getting out of maps, pr being in walls.

Computing
Jack is a character in the Tekken series. He has many successors since Jack bots are usually destroyed.

List of Jack-bots

Jack 

Jack is the first robot in the Jack-bot series. It is unknown how it was destroyed. Jack was sent to get rid of Kazuya. Jack, unlike Jack-2, Gun Jack and Prototype Jack, did not appear in Tekken Tag Tournament making him the only Jack robot (before Jack-5) not to appear in more than one game.

Jack-2 
Jack-2 is the second robot in the Jack series. He is an upgrade of the original Jack robot and was sent out to enter The King of Iron Fist Tournament 2 to save his creator and friend, Jane from the evil Kazuya Mishima. In his ending, Jane and Jack-2 are playing on an island together. Suddenly, Jack-2 gets shot by a laser from a satellite up in space that Doctor Abel uses to destroy Jack-2.

Gun Jack 
Gun Jack is the third Jack robot. There was no Jack-3 created.

Jack-5 
Jack-5 was not in any Tekken game as a playable character, but he can be seen in the Tekken 5 opening movie (these Jacks are sent to kill Heihachi Mishima).

Jack-X 
Jack-X has been appeared in Street Fighter X Tekken.

Jack-6 
Jack-6 has been appeared in Tekken 6.

Jack-7 
Jack-7 has been appeared in Tekken 7.

Tekken characters
Brunswick County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  In 2000, 73,143 people lived there.  Its county seat is Bolivia.

History 
The county was made in 1764 from parts of Bladen County and New Hanover County.

Government 
Brunswick County is part of the local Cape Fear Council of Governments.

Connected counties 
These counties are connected to Brunswick County:
Pender County, North Carolina - north-northeast
New Hanover County, North Carolina - east
Horry County, South Carolina - southwest
Columbus County, North Carolina - northwest

Cities and towns 
These cities and towns are in Brunswick County:
Bald Head Island
Belville
Boiling Spring Lakes
Bolivia
Calabash
Carolina Shores
Caswell Beach
Holden Beach
Leland
Navassa
Northwest
Oak Island
Ocean Isle Beach
Sandy Creek
Shallotte
Southport
St. James
Sunset Beach
Varnamtown
Winnabow

Other websites 
Brunswick County government official website 

North Carolina counties
1764 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
1760s establishments in North Carolina
Buncombe County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  In 2006, 222,174 people lived there. Its county seat is Asheville.

History 
The county was made in 1791 from parts of Burke County and Rutherford County.

In 1808 the western part of Buncombe County was made into Haywood County.  In 1833 parts of Burke County and Buncombe County were combined to make Yancey County, and in 1838 the southern part of Buncombe County was made into Henderson County.  In 1851 parts of Buncombe County and Yancey County were combined to make Madison County.  And, in 1925 a small part of McDowell County was made into a part of Buncombe County.

Law and government 
Buncombe County is part of the local Land-of-Sky Regional Council of governments.

Big roads 
These are the most important roads in Buncombe County:
  Interstate 26
  Interstate 40
  U.S. Highway 74
  U.S. Highway 70
  U.S. Highway 23
  U.S. Highway 19
  U.S. Highway 25

Connected counties 
These counties are connected to Buncombe County:
 Madison County, North Carolina - north
 Yancey County, North Carolina - northeast
 McDowell County, North Carolina - east
 Rutherford County, North Carolina - southeast
 Henderson County, North Carolina - south
 Haywood County, North Carolina - west

Cities and towns 
These cities and towns are in Buncombe County:
 Asheville
 Biltmore Forest
 Black Mountain
 Montreat
 Weaverville
 Woodfin

References

Other websites 
 Buncombe County government official website

North Carolina counties
1791 establishments in the United States
1790s establishments in North Carolina
This is a list of rivers in Georgia (U.S. state):

Alabaha River
Alapaha River
Alapahoochee River
Alcovy River
Altamaha River
Apalachee River
Aucilla River
Bear River
Belfast River
Big Satilla River
Brier River
Broad River
Broro River
Brunswick River
Buffalo River
Bull River
Coleman River
Canoochee River
Chattahoochee River
Chattooga River, the northeast boundary with South Carolina
Chattooga River, in northwest Georgia
Chestatee River
Conasauga River
Coosa River
Coosawattee River
Crescent River
Crooked River
Cumberland River
Darien River
Dog River
Duplin River
Ellijay River
Etowah River
Flint River
Frederica River
Gum Swamp River
Halfmoon River
Herb River
Hiwassee River
Ichawaynochaway Creek
Jack's River
Jerico River
Kettle Creek
Kinchatoonee Creek
Laurel View River
Little Ochlockonee River
Little Ohoopee River
Little River (Etowah River tributary)
Little River (Savannah River tributary)
Little River (Withlacoochee River tributary)
Little Tennessee River
Mackay River
Medway River
Mud River
Mulberry River
New River (Chattahoochee River tributary)
New River (Withlacoochee River tributary)
North Newport River
North River (Darien River channel)
North River (St. Marys River tributary)
North Oconee River
Nottely River
Ochlockonee River
Ocmulgee River
Oconee River
Odingsell River
Ogeechee River
Ohoopee River
Oostanaula River
St. Marys River
Sapelo River
Satilla River
Savannah River
Shad River
Sixteen Mile River
Skidaway River
South Newport River
South River (Alcovy River tributary)
South River (Darien River channel)
Soque River
Suwannee River
Suwannoochee Creek
River Styx
Tallapoosa River
Tallulah River
Tivoli River
Toccoa River
Towaliga River
Tugaloo River
Turtle River
Vernon River
Willacoochee River
Wilmington River
Withlacoochee River
Yellow River

Georgia
Burke County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  In 2000, 89,148 people lived there.  Its county seat is Morganton.

History 
The county was made in 1777 from Rowan County.  In 1791 parts of Burke County and Rutherford County were made into Buncombe County.  In 1833 parts of Burke County and Buncombe County were made into Yancey County.  In 1841 parts of Burke County and Wilkes County were made into Caldwell County.  In 1842 more parts of Burke County and Rutherford County were made into McDowell County. And in 1861 parts of Burke County, Caldwell County, McDowell County, Watauga County, and Yancey County were made into Mitchell County.

Government 
Burke County is part of the local Western Piedmont Council of Governments.

Connected counties 
These counties are connected to Burke County:
Caldwell County, North Carolina - north
Catawba County, North Carolina - east
Cleveland County, North Carolina - south-southeast
Rutherford County, North Carolina - south-southwest
McDowell County, North Carolina - west
Avery County, North Carolina - northwest

Cities and towns 
These cities and towns are in Burke County:
Connelly Springs
Drexel
Glen Alpine
Hildebran
Morganton
Rhodhiss
Rutherford College
Valdese

Other websites
Burke County government official website 

North Carolina counties
1777 establishments in North Carolina
Raidió Teilifís Éireann, known as RTÉ, is the main television and radio broadcaster in the Republic of Ireland. RTÉ began broadcasting radio programmes on January 21st, 1926 and began broadcasting television programmes on December 31st, 1961. RTÉ is one of the oldest television and radio broadcasters in the world. RTÉ is owned by the Irish government but is controlled by an independent body. Today RTÉ broadcasts two television stations and four radio stations. Raidió teilifís éireann are the words of the Irish language (gaeilge) that mean "radio and television of Ireland".

Television 

In the Republic of Ireland, RTÉ One and RTÉ2 are RTÉ's flagship channels.

RTÉ's programme The Late Late Show, is the longest running chat show in the world.

Radio 
RTÉ Radio has four stations. There are also many digital stations.

RTÉ Radio 1
RTÉ 2fm
RTÉ lyric fm
RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta

Other 
RTÉ has many other services.

RTÉ Performing Groups 
The RTÉ Performing Groups are five classical musical groups. They include:
RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra - the bigger orchestra out if the two.
RTÉ Concert Orchestra - lighter music than the NSO
RTÉ Philharmonic Choir - an adult choir with 140 members
RTÉ Cór na nÓg - a children's choir 
RTÉ Vanbrugh Quartet - a string quartet

References

Other websites 
RTÉ website

Television networks
Radio
Republic of Ireland
1926 establishments in Europe
The Waimea River is a river on the island of Kauai in the U.S. state of Hawaii.  It is about 12 miles long. Lots of people used to live in the valleys of the Waimea River and its tributary, the Makaweli River.

References

Rivers of Hawaii
Cabarrus County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2000, 131,063 people lived there.  Its county seat is Concord.

History 
The county was made in 1792 from Mecklenburg County.

Government 
Cabarrus County is part of the local Centralina Council of Governments.

Schools 
The Cabarrus County Schools runs all the public schools in the county except for parts of Kannapolis, which has its own school district.

The county also has Barber-Scotia College, the Cabarrus College of Health Sciences (a four-year college), and a branch of Rowan-Cabarrus Community College.  UNC Charlotte is in Mecklenburg County but is close Cabarrus and is easy to get to by driving on Interstate 85.

Connected counties 
These counties are connected to Cabarrus County:
Rowan County, North Carolina - north
Stanly County, North Carolina - east
Union County, North Carolina - south
Mecklenburg County, North Carolina - west
Iredell County, North Carolina - northwest

Cities and towns 
These cities and towns are in Cabarrus County:
Concord
Harrisburg
Kannapolis
Mount Pleasant
Midland

Lowe's Motor Speedway 
The county is home to Lowe's Motor Speedway, which has three NASCAR events every year (the NASCAR All-Star Challenge, the Coca-Cola 600, and the Bank of America 500).

Other websites 
Cabarrus County government official website
Cabarrus County official tourism website

North Carolina counties
1792 establishments in the United States
1790s establishments in North Carolina
The ZX Spectrum was a range of home computers based on the Z80 microchip and sold by Sinclair Research Ltd, the business company owned by British inventor Sir Clive Sinclair. The computer was first produced in April of 1982 as part of a project to sell computers for a low price that any family could afford. The ZX sold more than any other computer at that time in Britain and Spain. The first ZX was especially known for being very small and relatively cheap. The keyboard was made of rubber and the casing was made of plastic.

Sinclair's company produced seven different ZX computers, but other companies had deals with Sinclair Research to build their own version of ZX computers. The biggest of those companies was the American electronics manufacturer Timex who produced three different ZX based computers. Timex were selling between 18,000 and 20,000 of the ZX Spectrum based home computer every month by June 1981 but the Timex computer did not work properly so they had to stop selling them in 1983. Timex were the manufacturers who made most of the Sinclair Research ZX for Europe but the European versions worked correctly. The Sinclair Research version of ZXs were made until 1990 but other companies around the world copied the ZX and made many versions after that. When Sinclair Research stopped making the ZX Spectrum there had been more than 10,000 different games available and lots of peripheral equipment. Some companies still sell new games for the ZX.

ZX Spectrums 

 16k ZX Spectrum, (1982-1983)

 48k ZX Spectrum, (1983-1984)

 ZX Spectrum+, (1984-1985)

 ZX Spectrum 128k, (1985-1987)

 ZX Spectrum+2, (1987-1990)

 ZX Spectrum+2A, (1988-1990)

 ZX Spectrum+3, (1988-1990)

ZX Spectrum ancestors 

 ZX80

 ZX81

Timex ZX based computers 

 TS1000, (1982-1983), based on ZX81

 TS1500, (1983), based on ZX81

 TS2068, (1983)

 TC2068,

 TC2048

Other websites 

 Sinclair Research , Sir Clive Sinclairs company website of new and unusual inventions
 The World of Spectrum, a complete reference site for ZX Spectrums and a collection of almost all the ZX software (these old games can now be played on any PC computer with the emulators on the website)
 Old Computers , ZX page in a museum of old computers
 Z80 Website, the microchip in the ZX

References 

Computer science
Computers
Video game consoles
A home computer is the name given to early personal computers made in the 1980s and 1990s that could be plugged into a television set. They were used for playing video games and doing school work and were usually owned by children.

Popular makers of home computers 

 Sinclair Research
 Atari
 Tandy
 Commodore
 Amstrad

Electronics
Computer science
Home appliances
Caldwell County is a county in the state of North Carolina.  In 2000, 77,415 people lived there.  Its county seat is Lenoir.

History
The county was made in 1841 from parts of Burke County and Wilkes County.

In 1847 parts of Caldwell County, Iredell County, and Wilkes County were put together to make Alexander County.  In 1849 parts of Caldwell County, Ashe County, Wilkes County, and Yancey County were put together to make Watauga County.  In 1861, parts of Caldwell County, Burke County, McDowell County, Watauga County, and Yancey County were put together to make Mitchell County.  And in 1911 parts of Caldwell County, Mitchell County, and Watauga County were put together to make Avery County.

Government 
Caldwell County is part of the local Western Piedmont Council of Governments.

Connected counties 
These counties are connected to Caldwell County:
Watauga County, North Carolina - north
Wilkes County, North Carolina - northeast
Alexander County, North Carolina - east
Catawba County, North Carolina - southeast
Burke County, North Carolina - south
Avery County, North Carolina - northwest

Cities and towns 
These cities and towns are in Caldwell County:
Blowing Rock
Cajah's Mountain
Cedar Rock
Collettsville
Gamewell
Granite Falls
Hudson
Lenoir
Sawmills
Northlakes

Other websites 
Caldwell County government official website 

North Carolina counties
1840s establishments in North Carolina
1841 establishments in the United States
Sinclair Research Ltd. is a business company who sells inventions. They are known for making new technology for a low price. They specialise in transport devices like wheelchairs, scooters and underwater scooters. They invented a wheelchair that can raise the passenger up on two wheels and climb up stairs.

Famous Sinclair products 

 ZA20 Wheelchair Drive Unit, a special wheelchair drive unit that can balance on two wheels and climb stairs

 Segway technology, a sort of scooter on two wheels based on their wheelchair technology

 ZX Spectrum computers, one of the most popular computers in Europe in the 1980s

 Folding scooters, Sinclair Research Ltd has produced some of the smallest scooters in the world

Other websites 

 Sinclair Research Ltd. 

Electronics companies
Computer science
Hipparchus (Greek ; ca. 190 BC – ca. 120 BC) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. He lived in the Hellenistic period. He was born in Nicaea (now Iznik, Turkey), and probably died on the island of Rhodes. He worked as an astronomer at least from 147 BC to 127 BC. Hipparchus is considered the greatest ancient astronomical observer. Some people see him as the greatest overall astronomer of antiquity.  

Hipparchus was the first Greek whose quantitative and accurate models for the motion of the Sun and Moon survive. To do this, he used the observations and perhaps the mathematical techniques accumulated over centuries by the Chaldeans from Babylonia. He had a trigonometric table. It looks like he  solved some problems of spherical trigonometry with the table. With his solar and lunar theories and his trigonometry, he was perhaps the first to develop a reliable method to predict solar eclipses.  His other well-known achievements include the discovery of precession, and the compilation of the Hipparchus Catalog, the first comprehensive star catalog of the western world.

He might also have invented the astrolabe, and the armillary sphere which first appeared during his century and which he used in making the star catalog. It would be three centuries before Claudius Ptolemaeus' synthesis of astronomy would make the work of Hipparchus obsolete; it is heavily dependent on it in many areas.

Craters on the Moon and on Mars are named for Hipparchus, as are an asteroid and the Hipparcos satellite.

190 BC births
2nd-century BC deaths
Ancient Greek astronomers
Greek geographers
The Battle of Verdun was a battle of the First World War.  It started when the German Fifth Army attacked French positions, near Verdun, on February 21, 1916.  It ended on December 18 of that year but the front line had not changed very much.  Both sides lost about 337,000 soldiers each.  Never before was industrialisation so visible in war.  They also speak about the Hell of Verdun or the Blood pump.  The Battle of Verdun is considered the biggest and longest in world history.

Never before or since has there been such a long battle, involving so many men, fought on such a tiny piece of land.  There were many attacks and counterattacks; one small village changed hands 16 times.  The battle, which lasted from 21 February, 1916 until 19 December 1916 caused over an estimated 700,000 casualties (dead, wounded and missing).  About 300,000 died. The battlefield was not even a square ten kilometres.  From a strategic point of view, there can be no justification for these terrible losses.  The battle lowered into a matter of prestige for the two nations, and started being fought for the sake of fighting and honor, according to German command Paul Von Hindenburg.

The French commander, Marshall Philippe Pétain, used a system of rotation by which every division in France fought for a short time at Verdun.  After the battle the landscape was left as one of the worst battlegrounds on all of France, filled with craters of the artillery, the trenches, the odor left by the dead, etc.  During the battle the chief of the German General Staff, Erich Von Falkenhayn, was relieved from duty and sent to lead a joint Austrian, German and Bulgarian attack on Romania, leaving Paul Von Hindenburg as Chief of Staff.

References 

Verdun
1916 in France
The Bank of America Tower is a skyscraper in New York City, United States.  It is 452.4 meters (1,484 feet) tall and has 60 floors.  It was built in 2003. It is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the world
 List of tallest buildings in New York City

Other websites 
 Emporis.com - Bank of America Tower
 SkycraperPage.com – Bank of America Tower

Skyscrapers in New York City
2003 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
70 Pine Street (also the American International Building) is a skyscraper in New York City, United States.  It is a 67-floors, 952-foot (290 m) office building located at the corner of Pearl Street and running to Cedar Street in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. It was built in 1932 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the world
 List of tallest buildings in New York City

References

 . (Excerpt).

Other websites 

 70 Pine Street  on CTBUH Skyscraper Center
 Gallery of photographs
 American International Building at Emporis.com
 American International Building at in-Arch.net
 American International Building on Skyscraperpage.com

Skyscrapers in New York City
1932 establishments in North America
1930s establishments in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
New York City Designated Landmarks
The king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) is a type of penguin. It is the second largest species of penguin, as it is smaller and shorter than the emperor penguin.

Appearance 
King penguins are usually 70 centimeters (0.7 meters/30 inches) tall and weigh 9 to 15 kilograms (20 to 30 pounds). They have silvery-grey backs, black heads, and bright orange patches of feathers on the sides of their necks. While they look like emperor penguins, they are different in the fact that king penguins have longer beaks, orange coloration on their chest, and are thinner than the emperor penguin. Males and females of the species look the same.

Life 
The king penguin eats krill, small fish, squid, and plankton. In particular, they seem to enjoy eating lanternfish, which makes up most of their diet. They are able to dive to almost 300 meters (about 985 feet) for up to 15 minutes in order to catch their food. King penguins can also swim at 10 kilometers (6 miles) per hour, and their special eyesight helps them see in the dark.

Unlike most penguins, the king penguin cannot hop, but can only use its feet to walk or run. However, they also use their feet to warm their children, instead of a nest.

Baby king penguins are dark brown and fluffy. They are usually raised in a crèche, or group of penguin children kept together for protection.

The king penguin's main predators, or creatures that eat it, are the leopard seal and killer whale. Other birds may attack the penguin's breeding, or nesting, grounds and take away eggs or young penguin chicks.

Other websites 

 Penguin World
 King Penguins – Wildlife of Antarctica 
 Nature.ca

References 

Penguins
Animals of Antarctica
30 Rockefeller Plaza is a skyscraper at Rockefeller Center in Manhattan, New York City, United States. It was known in the past as the RCA Building, the GE Building, and the Comcast Building. 30 Rockefeller Plaza is  tall and has 69 floors.  It was built in 1933 and was one of the tallest buildings in the world when it opened.

History
Raymond Hood, the architect, made the plans for Rockefeller Center. He talked with the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) to make a large place for mass media. RCA owned the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) and Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO) companies. The first plan for 30 Rockefeller Plaza was made in March 1930. By May 1930, RCA, NBC, and RKO said they would move to 30 Rockefeller Center. The last plan for the building was done in March 1931.

Workers started making the building in March 1932. 30 Rockefeller Plaza opened in May 1933. It was the first building at Rockefeller Center to be opened.  It was one of the tallest buildings in the world.

Companies
NBC was one of the first companies in 30 Rockefeller Plaza. It had 35 television studios in the building. People could go on tours of the NBC Studios every day. The biggest studio was Studio 8H, which could have 1,400 people inside it.

The Standard Oil Company moved into 30 Rockefeller Plaza in 1934. The New York Museum of Science and Industry moved to the bottom floors because other companies did not want to move there. Westinghouse Electric Corporation was on the 14th through 17th floors. The Rockefeller family also moved into a lot of the floors in the building. The family had an office called Room 5600 on the 56th floor. Room 5600 became bigger after World War II. The family went to another building in 2014.

People wanted to use the roof of the building for entertainment. The 67th, 69th, and 70th floors have places where people can look at the city from high above. The highest one is the "Top of the Rock" Observation deck. These places were opened in July 1933 and many people went there. A restaurant called the Rainbow Room is on the 65th floor. The Rainbow Room opened on October 3, 1934.

Building design
30 Rockefeller Plaza is  tall. 30 Rockefeller Plaza was built to be only one structure that takes up all of the space in the block between Sixth Avenue and Rockefeller Plaza. 

30 Rockefeller Plaza's architecture has a limestone facade and Gothic-like four-leafed spandrels. This affected the design of the rest of the complex (a group of related buildings).

Photo gallery

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the world
 List of tallest buildings in New York City

References

Books

Other websites
 Official Website of the GE Building Observation Deck
 Emporis.com - GE Building
SkycraperPage.com – GE Building

Skyscrapers in New York City
1933 establishments in the United States
1930s establishments in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
New York City Designated Landmarks
Roger Brooke Taney (March 17 1777 – October 12 1864) was a Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He came after John Marshall and despite the many influential things done by his predecessor, still was able to write several major opinions. His decision in Dred Scott to send a slave living in a free state back to his master in a slave state canceled out several compromises that had been keeping the Union together. When president Abraham Lincoln began using powers not normally given to the presidency to put certain rights on hold, Taney kept on trying to overrule him. These attempts were ignored and rumored to have almost led to Taney's arrest.

When Taney County, Missouri was officially organized in 1837, it was named in his honor. At the time Abraham Lincoln became president, Taney swore in Lincoln.

References

1777 births
1864 deaths
Chief Justices of the United States
Politicians from Maryland
United States Attorneys General
Lawyers from Maryland
A supreme court is generally the highest court in a country. This means that, in many countries, it is the court of last resort and it has more power than other courts. Decisions of lower appellate courts can be overruled here. However, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law countries do not tend to have only one high court. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the "Supreme Court". For example, the High Court of Australia. In some places the court named the "Supreme Court" is not the highest court. Examples include the New York Supreme Court, the Supreme Courts of several provinces and territories of Canada and the former Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales. Decisions made in these courts are all subject to higher Courts of Appeal.

Constitutional issues 
Some countries have a separate "constitutional" "court". This is a high court that deals with issues regarding that country's constitution. Other countries do not have separate constitutional courts. Constitutional issues are decided by their supreme court. Nonetheless, such courts are sometimes also called "constitutional courts". For example, some have called the Supreme Court of the United States "the world's oldest constitutional court" because it was the first court in the world to strike down a law as unconstitutional. The case was Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137 (1803). Marbury v. Madison also established the US Supreme Court as an equal branch of the United States Government, along with the executive and Legislative branches. The US Supreme court is technically not a constitutional court just as the European Court of Justice is also not a constitutional court.<ref name=Rosenfeld618>Michel Rosenfeld, 'Comparing constitutional review by the European Court of Justice and the U.S. Supreme Court', "Int Journal of Constitutional Law (October 2006) Vol. 4, Issue 4, pp. 618-651</ref> However, both courts engage in a great deal of constitutional review. This means they function like a constitutional court, but are not called constitutional courts.

 Political issues 
Many, like the United States Supreme Court, at times become involved in political issues. These include the Supreme Courts of Egypt, Pakistan, Israel, India and Kuwait.  One of the most controversial political decisions was Bush v. Gore'', 531 U.S. 98 (2000). This was the United States Supreme Court decision that resolved the dispute surrounding the 2000 presidential election. There has been a good deal of controversy over the European Court of Justice reviewing decisions made by member state governments. The Supreme Court of Israel president, Aharon Barak, has been criticized for, along with others, dominating the government of Israel.

References

Other websites 
 U.S. Court Is Now Guiding Fewer Nations, New York Times
 Constitutional courts versus supreme courts
 The Relationship between National Supreme Courts and Supranational Courts in Europe

 
International law
Lee Chaolan is a video game character in Tekken. The first time he was in Tekken was the first Tekken game.

Character
Lee Chaolan was an orphan before the first game started, but was adopted as a child by Heihachi Mishima.

Kazuya Mishima, Heihachi's son, was Lee's arch nemesis since they were children. Kazuya always won against Lee. Lee is now in a world of hate because of this experience. He holds a constant grudge against Kazuya. 

Lee Chaolan's fighting style uses mostly feet. Using his long legs and quick feet, he can take down any foe that comes his way. Kazuya uses a balanced force of fist and foot to take down his foes. Balance is Kazuya's key to victory over his rival Lee.

He turned 48 in Tekken 5 but the creators made him look younger. 

Tekken characters

fr:Liste des personnages de Tekken#Lee Chaolan
ko:철권 등장인물 목록#리 차오랑
fi:Luettelo Tekken-pelisarjan hahmoista#Lee Chaolan
The following is a list of rivers in China, by where they flow into:

Arabian Sea
 Indus (印度河)

Bay of Bengal
 Yarlung Tsangpo River (Brahmaputra) (雅鲁藏布江) (joins the Ganges)

Andaman Sea
 Salween (萨尔温江 or 怒江)

South China Sea
 Mekong (湄公河)
 Red River (Vietnam) (红河, a.k.a. 元江)
 Pearl River (Zhu Jiang) (珠江)
 Beijiang (Bei) (北江)
 Dongjiang (Dong) (东江)
 Han (韩江)
 Mei (梅江)
 Ning (宁江)
 Ting (汀江)
 Dajing (大靖河)  
 Xijiang (Xi) (西江)
 Yujiang (Yu) (鬱江)
 Yongjiang (Yong) (邕江）)
 Zuojiang (Zuo) (左江)
 Youjiang (You) (右江)
 Xunjiang (Xun) (浔江）
 Qiangjiang (Qiang) (黔江)
 Rongjiang (Rong)（融江）
 Hongshui (Red River) (红水河）
 Beipan (北盘江)
 Nanpan (南盘江)
 Ba (灞水 or 灞河)
 Guijiang (Gui) (桂江)
 Lijiang (Li) (漓江)

Taiwan Strait
 Min (Fujian) (闽江)

East China Sea
 Qiantang River, Qian River (钱塘江 or 钱江, upper reach known as 新安江)
 Huangpu River (黃浦江)
 Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) (长江, upper reach known as 金沙江)
 Tongtian River
 Yalong River (雅砻江）
 Min (Sichuan) (岷江)
 Wu (乌江）
 Jialing (嘉陵江)
 Bailong (白龙江)
 Baishui (白水)
 Qujiang (渠江)
 Fujiang (涪江)
 Xiang (湘江)
 Xiaoshui (瀟水)
 Zhengshui (蒸水)
 Lishui (Li) (澧水)
 Yuanjiang (Yuan) (沅江)
 Wu River (巫水)
 Zijiang (Zi) (资江)
 Hanshui  (汉江 or 汉水)
 Gan (赣江)
 Zhang (章江)
 Gongshui (貢水)
 Mei (梅河)
 Xiang (Jiangxi) (湘水)

Yellow Sea
 Huai (淮河)
 Shaying (沙颖河)
 Yi (沂河)
 Shu (沭河)
 Si (泗河)
 Jiao (胶河)
 Yalu (鸭绿江) - Korea Bay

Bohai Sea
 Wei (潍河) 
 Xiaoqing (小清河, formerly known as 济河) 
 Yellow River (Huang He) (黃河) 
 Daxia (大峡河)
 Fen (汾河)
 Wei (渭河)
 Jing (泾河)
 Luo (洛河)
 Hai (海河) 
 Wei (卫河)
 Zhang (漳河)
 Yongding (永定河)
 Luan (滦河) 
 Liao (辽河)

Sea of Japan
 Tumen River (图们江)
 Heilong Jiang (Heilongjiang) (黑龙江)
 Songhua River (松花江)

Arctic Ocean
 Irtysh (额尔齐斯河) - Gulf of Ob (joins Ob River)

Canals
Grand Canal of China (大运河)

Rivers that do not flow into any larger body of water
 Muzat River - tributary of the Tarim River
 Tarim River - ends in the Taklamakan Desert
 Ili river - ends in Lake Balkhash
 Karakash (Black Jade River) (黑玉江) - ends in the Taklamakan Desert
 Yurungkash (White Jade River) (白玉江) - ends in the Taklamakan Desert

References 

China
This is a list of rivers in Illinois:

Apple to Fox
Apple River
Big Muddy River
Beaucoup Creek
Boneyard Creek
Bonpas Creek
Cache River
Calumet River
Casey Creek, also known as Casey Fork Creek
Chicago River
Des Plaines River
DuPage River
Edwards River
Elm River
Embarras River
Fox River, northern Illinois
Fox River (Little Wabash tributary), southern Illinois

Galena to Lusk
Galena River
Grand Calumet River
Green River
Henderson Creek
Illinois River
Iroquois River
Kankakee River
Kaskaskia River
Kishwaukee River
Kyte River
La Moine River
Leaf River
Little Calumet River
Little Embarras River
Little Mackinaw River
Little Marys River
Little Menominee River
Little Muddy River
Little Vermilion River (Illinois)
Little Vermilion River (Illinois River tributary)
Little Wabash River
Lusk Creek

Mackinaw to Rock
Mackinaw River
Macoupin Creek
Marys River
Mazon River
Menominee River
Middle Fork Vermilion River
Mississippi River
Ohio River
Palmer Creek (Columbia, IL)
Panther Creek (Mackinaw watershed)
Pecatonica River
Piscasaw Creek
Plum River
Red River
Rock River

Saline to Wood
Saline River
Salt Fork Vermilion River
Salt Creek (Des Plaines River Tributary)
Salt Creek (Sangamon River Tributary)
Salt Creek (Little Wabash River Tributary)
Sangamon River
Sinsinawa River
Skillet Fork
Skokie River
Somonauk Creek
Spoon River
Sugar Creek (Sangamon River tributary)
Sugar River
Thorn Creek
Vermilion River (Illinois River tributary)
Vermilion River (Wabash River tributary)
Wabash River
West Okaw River
Wood River

Illinois
The following is a list of rivers in Indiana, by letter:

Anderson River
Black River (Owensville – New Harmony)
Big Blue River
Blue River
Calumet Riversystem
Cedar Creek
Deep River
Driftwood River
Eel River (Cass/Miami/Wabash/Kosciusko/Whitley/Allen Counties) 
Eel River (Greene/Owen/Clay/Putnam/Parke Counties) 
Elkhart River
Fall River
Fawn River
Flatrock Creek
Flatrock River
Fourteen Mile Creek
Galena River
Iroquois River
Kankakee River
Little Blue River
Little Elkhart River
Little Flatrock River 
Little Kankakee River
Little Pigeon River
Little River also called Little Wabash River
Little Vermilion River 
Maumee River
Mississinewa River
Muscatatuck River
Ohio River
Patoka River
Pigeon River also called Pigeon Creek, Turkey Creek
Pigeon River also called Pigeon Creek
St. Joseph River (Maumee River tributary)
St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan)
St. Marys River (Maumee River tributary)
Salamonie River
Sand River
Sugar Creek
Sugar River also called Sugar Creek, Rock River
Tippecanoe River
Vermilion River
Wabash River
White River
Whitewater River
Wildcat River also called Wildcat Creek
Yellow River

Indiana
The Golden Compass is a fantasy movie, which was released on December 5, 2007 by New Line Cinema and Warner Bros. The movie is based on the book Northern Lights (also known as The Golden Compass), the first novel in Philip Pullman's trilogy His Dark Materials.

The cast includes Dakota Blue Richards, Nicole Kidman, Ian McKellen, Christopher Lee, Daniel Craig, Ian McShane, and Sam Elliott.

Plot
Lord Asriel has found something called "dust" that separates us and another universe.  People do not believe this idea.  The Magistrate, a very large and strong group, try to kill him by poisoning his drink.  Lyra, his niece, was playing, heard someone coming, hid, and saw a priest try to poison the drink.  She then ran out and saved Asriel before he could drink.  Asriel later goes to the North Pole to find this dust.

Lyra is also given something called a golden compass.  The person says that it's the only one in the world and that only a few people know how to use it.

A woman named Mrs. Coulter then tries to get Lyra in with her.  She promises her that they will go to the North Pole.

2007 movies
2000s fantasy movies
British fantasy movies
American fantasy movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Anthony Stewart Head (born 20 February, 1954) is an English actor and musician who has appeared in theatre, television and movies. He is most well known for his role as Rupert Giles in the American television drama series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, as the Prime Minister in the British comedy show Little Britain, as Dr. Frank N Furter in the London revival of The Rocky Horror Show and for a series of coffee adverts in the United Kingdom and the United States. He is credited by his full name on American television, and sometimes as Tony Head elsewhere.

Other websites 

 Official website

1954 births
Living people
English movie actors
Musical theater actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Whedonverse
Uluru, also called Ayers Rock, is a name given to a huge rock near Alice Springs in the Australian Outback and located in Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. This is a holy place for some Aboriginal Australians. It is in the Western Desert, in the middle of Australia. It was listed as a World Heritage site in 1987 because of its geology. In 1997 it was again listed as a World Heritage site, this time because of its importance to the Anangu people. It was the second place in the world to be listed as culturally significant, and it is one of the few places in the world to have two listings.

History 
The Anangu people believe that Uluru, and the rest of Central Australia, was formed by ancestral beings at the beginning of time. The Anangu are directly descended from these ancestors. 

Modern science shows that they have lived around Uluru for more than 40,000 years. They continued to live their traditional life until the 1930s. This was a nomadic life, moving around to hunt and gather food according to the seasons. They have a complex ceremonial life based around Uluru. They are one of the oldest human societies on earth.

The first Europeans to see Uluru were explorers led by William Christie Gosse. He saw Uluru on 19 July 1873 and   named it Ayers Rock after Sir Henry Ayers, who was Chief Secretary of South Australia. The land was too dry and remote for farming, and very few people came to Uluru until the mid 20th century.

Geography 

See geography of Uluru and Kata Tjuta.

References 

Mountains of the Northern Territory
World Heritage Sites in Australia
Pitjantjatjara
A colubrid (from Latin coluber, snake) is a snake that is a member of the Colubridae family. Colubridae is the largest snake family, and includes about two-thirds of all known living snake species. However, colubrids are certainly not a natural group, and many are more closely related to other groups, such as elapids, than to each other. This family has classically been a dumping ground for snakes that do not fit anywhere else. There is on-going mitochondrial DNA research which will sort out the familial relations within this group.

A colubrid's body is almost completely covered in scales. Most colubrids are not venomous and are normally harmless. A few groups, such as genus Boiga, can produce medically significant bites. In addition, the Boomslang and African twig snake have both caused human fatalities. The venom-injecting fangs associated with venomous colubrids are almost always in the back of the mouth, in contrast to vipers and elapids.

Selected species 
 Boomslang
 Brown tree snake
 Dice snake
 Garter snake
 Kingsnake
 Rat snake
 Smooth snake
 Water snake
 Mussurana

References
Central Finland, Keski-Suomi, is a region of Finland with about 270,000 inhabitants. Neighbouring regions are Pirkanmaa, Southern Ostrobothnia, Central Ostrobothnia, Northern Ostrobothnia, Northern Savonia, Southern Savonia and Päijänne Tavastia.

Municipalities
There are 27 municipalities in Central Finland. Cities and towns are marked in bold.

Regions of Finland
The title of Archduke (feminine: Archduchess) (German: Erzherzog, feminine form: Erzherzogin) is a rank above Duke and under King. It is very rare. It was used only by males of the House of Habsburg.

Ruler style
The English word is recorded only since 1530, derived from Middle Latin archidux, from arch(i)- (primary or chief) + dux 'duke' .
 
Archduke (Erzherzog) is a title distinct from Grand Duke (Großherzog or Großfürst) that is used in some other German royal houses and still in sovereign Luxemburg.

Fictional Archdukes
 Poggle the Lesser was the Archduke of Geonosis, a planet from the Star Wars universe.

Famous archdukes and duchesses

Empress Maria Theresa. (Was Archduchess of Austria ect,) 
Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria (better known as "Marie Antoinette" was a daughter of the above and wife of Louis XVI of France) 
Maria Teresa of Austria wife of Louis XIV of France. known as "Marie Thérèse".

Related pages 

 Grand Duke

Sources and references 
EtymologyOnLine
Use of the title "archduke" in contemporaneous documents 

Nobility
Austria
Titles
Holy Roman Empire