cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Numerical integration is the term used for a number of methods to find an approximation for an integral. Numerical integration has also been called quadrature. Very often, it is not possible to solve integration analytically, for example when the data consists of a number of distinct measurements, or when the antiderivative is not known, and it is difficult, impractical or impossible to find it. In such cases, the integral can be written as a mathematical function defined over the interval in question, plus a function giving the error. 

One way to find a numerical integral is using interpolation. Very often these interpolating functions are polynomials.

Various formulas have been studied for many years and become famous.  For example, there is the Gaussian quadrature (named after Gauss), the Newton-Cotes formula (named after Isaac Newton), and the Euler-Maclaurin formula (named after Leonhard Euler).

Numerical errors 
Numerical errors can occur in any kind of numerical computation including numerical integration. Errors in numerical integration are considered in another area called "validated numerics".

People who studied about numerical integration

 Masaaki Sugihara
 Masao Iri
 Masatake Mori

References

Numerical integration software
 MATLAB, INTLAB
 GNU Octave, Scilab - open source versions of MATLAB
 Wolfram Mathematica - made by Wolfram Research

Functions and mappings
Computing
"Another Brick in the Wall" is a rock and roll song by Pink Floyd. It is divided into three parts. It was released on their album The Wall in 1979. Part 1 is a song about the sadness of a child (later to become a rockstar). Part 2 continues from "The Happiest Days of Our Lives". It is a rock opera protest song against the cruelty of teachers in Britain. Part 3 is the loudest and shortest part of Another Brick in the Wall. It is about the rockstar's anger and the completion of his "Metaphorical Wall". It cross-fades to "Goodbye Cruel World". In 2004, Korn made a studio version of "Another Brick in the Wall". The Pink Floyd version reached 57 on the disco chart.

The tunes of all three parts are exactly the same, but one part will be louder than the previous part. It starts off with the tragedy of Part 1 to the protesting of Part 2 to the fury of Part 3. 

1979 songs
Pink Floyd songs
Harry Benjamin (January 12, 1885 – August 24, 1986) was an American sexologist and endocrinology. A book he wrote about transsexualism called The Transsexual Phenomenon was published in 1966. He died when he was 101. He made the Sex Orientation Scale. It is also known as the Benjamin scale.

Early life
Benjamin was born in Berlin. He was raised in an Ashkenazi Jewish home.

Personal life
Benjamin was married to a woman called Gretchen.

References

1885 births
1986 deaths
American physicians
Jewish American scientists
Sexologists
The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland is a 1999 American children's film. It was directed by Gary Halvorson. It made $11,683,047. The movie soundtrack was released by Michael Jackson's record label MJJ Music.

Cast

Muppet performers 

 Kevin Clash as Elmo, Lyle, Grouch Jailer and Grouch Taxicab Driver
 Fran Brill as Zoe, Tanya and Prairie Dawn
 Caroll Spinney as Big Bird and Oscar the Grouch
 Martin P. Robinson as Telly and Little Ricky
 Stephanie D'Abruzzo as Grizzy and M'Lady
 Joseph Mazzarino as Bug
 Jerry Nelson as Howard, Count, Mr. Johnson, Grouch Mayor and Grouch Cop
 David Rudman as Sydney, Baby Bear, Collander Stenchman, Caterpillar, Grouch Customer, Grouch Prisoner and Alarm Clock Bird
 Dave Goelz as Humongous Chicken
 Steve Whitmire as Ernie, Stuckweed, Football Stenchman, Grouch Ice Cream Vendor and Grouch Bird
 Frank Oz as Bert, Cookie Monster and Grover
 Carmen Osbahr as Rosita

Additional characters performed by: Drew Allison, Bruce Lanoil, Bill Barretta, Bob Lynch, John Boone, Ed May, R. Lee Bryan, Tim Parati, Leslie Carrera, Annie Peterle, Lisa Consolo, Andy Stone, Jodi Eichelberger, Lisa Sturz, Rowell Gormon, Kirk Thatcher, Mary Harrison, Matt Vogel, Rob Killen and Matt Yates

Background Muppets
Anything Muppets, Mr. Honker, Dinger, AM Monsters, Herry Monster, Two-Headed Monster

Humans of Sesame Street 

 Sonia Manzano as Maria Rodriguez
 Roscoe Orman as Gordon Robinson
 Alison Bartlett-O'Reilly as Gina Jefferson
 Loretta Long as Susan Robinson
 Bob McGrath as Bob Johnson
 Emilio Delgado as Luis Rodriguez
 Ruth Buzzi as Ruthie

Other humans 
 Mandy Patinkin as Huxley
 Vanessa Williams as Queen of Trash

1999 movies
American family movies
The Division of Richmond is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It was set up for the first Australian federal election in 1901.  It is  named after its local area, the Richmond Valley and Richmond River. These were named for Charles, the fifth Duke of Richmond.
 
Richmond is in the north-east corner of NSW, next to the Queensland border. The main towns are Bangalow, Brunswick Heads, Byron Bay, Kingscliff, Lennox Head, Mullumbimby, Murwillumbah, Nimbin, Ocean Shores, Pottsville, Suffolk Park and Tweed Heads.

Members

Richmond was held for 55 years by three generations of the Anthony family -- Hubert Lawrence Anthony (a minister in the Fadden and Menzies governments), Doug Anthony (leader of the National Party from 1971 to 1984 and Deputy Prime Minister in the Gorton, McMahon and Fraser governments) and Larry Anthony (a minister in the Howard government) -- the first three-generation dynasty in the Australian House of Representatives. Charles Blunt was the leader of the Nationals and one of only three major party leaders to lose their own seat in an election.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Richmond - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1901 establishments in Australia
Euromaidan () is a period of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine. It began on the night of 21 November 2013 with protests demanding that Ukraine become part of the European Union.  On 30 November 2013 riot police attacked protestors, violently putting a stop to the protests.  The protesters then demanded the resignation of President Viktor Yanukovych.  Many people were killed in the riots.

Many people in Ukraine, particularly in the western part of the country, wanted to be part of the European Union. But President Yanukovych wanted to maintain close relationships with Russia.  This angered pro-EU civilians.  They started Euromaidan.  On 30 November, the police intervened, sometimes violently.  As a result, more people came out to protest.  Many people blocked the streets with their cars in a protest called Automaidan.

The President fled in February 2014 but protests continued.  In March 2014 the Russian Federation captured Crimea which angered many other nations.  Some people feared this might lead to a global war.

Riots/revolution 
As the riots continued, the protesters were attacked.  Hundreds were killed or injured.  Ukrainians got the freedom they wanted and a new government, although they have not yet entered into the European Union.  Meanwhile Ukraine lost Crimea to Russia.

Russia did not like that the Ukrainian government was overthrown as the new more nationalist and anti-Russian government did not favor them.  Some of the people in the east who preferred the old President declared independence and wanted to join Russia.  Many people in Ukraine, particularly in the east, suffered in fighting.

Related pages 
 Orange Revolution

References

Other websites 
Euromaidan on Facebook

2013 crimes
2013 in Europe
2014 crimes
2014 in Europe
2010s in Ukraine
Protests in the 2010s
Riots in Europe
November 2013 events
10 Things I Hate About You is a 1999 American teen movie. It is directed by Gil Junger. It was the first movie he directed. The movie is a modern version of William Shakespeare's play The Taming of the Shrew. The main character is Katarina "Kat" Stratford. She is played by Julia Stiles. Heath Ledger plays her love interest Patrick Verona. Kat is a feminist. Her sister Bianca is trying to find Kat a boyfriend. She decides that Patrick would suit Kat because he is also an outcast. The Scholastic Corporation published a novel of the story in June 1999. It was written by David Levithan.

1999 movies
English-language movies
Carbapenems are a class of antibiotics which act against a wide range of bacteria. Their structure is difficult for bacterial enzymes to break down. They were originally developed from a product of Streptomyces cattleya.

Carbapenems are one of the "antibiotics of last resort" for many bacterial infections, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Recently, alarm has been raised about an "Indian superbug". This is a strain resistant to Carapenems, which was discovered in Delhi. This strain produces an enzyme which chops up the antibiotic molecule.

At present there are no new antibiotics in development to replace carbapenems. However, some older antibiotics may treat bacteria that are resistant to carbapenems.

References 

Antibiotics
The French Wars of Religion is the name for a total of eight wars fought in France, in the 16th century. The wars opposed Catholics and Protestants. The protestants were also called huguenots. The Catholics won, ending with the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, committed in the night between  23rd and 24th August 1572. Peace was strengthened with the Treaty of Nantes in 1598. 

Even though these wars are called wars of religion, religion only played a small part, power politics were also important. These wars were the last attempt of regional rulers against the centralized power of the monarchy.

16th century in France
Wars involving France
Counter-Reformation
Robyn Lawley (born 13 June, 1989) is an Australian plus size model and fashion designer. Lawley was born in Girraween, New South Wales. She started modelling when she was sixteen years old. She was on the covers of French Elle and Vogue Italia.    She was the first model for Mango's plus-size line, Violeta by Mango. She designed a swimwear line.

References

1989 births
Australian models
Living people
People from New South Wales
Barkhad Abdi (born 10 April 1985) is an actor from Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was born in Somalia. He has a nomination for a Golden Globe Award. He also has an Oscar nomination for his role in the movie Captain Phillips.

References

BAFTA Award winning actors
Actors from Minneapolis, Minnesota
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American movie actors
1985 births
Living people
African American actors
American Muslims
American movie directors
American movie producers
People from Mogadishu
Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinobacteria. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. They are bacteria, but their manner of growth makes them look like fungi. They form long thin threads or hyphae. However, they are not related to fungi

As with other Actinobacteria, streptomycetes are gram-positive and have genomes with high GC content. Mostly the bacteria live in soil and decaying vegetation and produces spores as its method of reproduction.

Streptomycetes produce over two-thirds of the clinically useful antibiotics of natural origin (e.g., tetracycline, neomycin and chloramphenicol). The now uncommonly used streptomycin takes its name directly from Streptomyces.

Streptomyces is the largest antibiotic-producing genus, making antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic drugs. They also make a wide range of other bioactive compounds, such as immunosuppressants.

Almost all of the bioactive compounds produced by Streptomyces are made while the hyphae are forming from the substrate mycelium.

References 

Gram-positive bacteria
Rosie the Riveter is a cultural icon of the United States who appeared in a World War II propaganda poster titled "We Can Do It!". She is often used as a symbol of feminism. In 1944 a movie called Rosie the Riveter was released. 

Rosie the Riveter became associated with a real woman called Naomi Parker, who inspired the icon. Rosie the Riveter was named after Rosalind P. Walter.

In 1997 the Rosie the Riveter Memorial Committee was started.

References

Feminism
The Net is a 1995 American melodramatic thriller movie. It was released on July 28, 1995. The story is about a computer systems analyst, Angela Bennett, who becomes a victim of identity theft. She is also framed for murder. Sandra Bullock plays Angela Bennett.

Reviews for The Net were very mixed. The movie, however, made over US$110 million worldwide. Roger Ebert gave the movie three out of four stars.

References

1995 drama movies
1995 thriller movies
1990s drama thriller movies
American drama thriller movies
Chase movies
English-language movies
HIV/AIDS in movies
Movies about murderers
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in Mexico
Movies set in San Francisco
Movies set in Washington, D.C.
Suicide in movies
The Iran-Contra affair was a scandal that happened from August 1985 to March 1987. The scandal involved the United States Government selling weapons to Iran in exchange for hostages and to fund the Nicaraguan Contras. It happened under President Ronald Reagan's government. When 1,500 missiles were shipped three hostages were released but those three hostages were soon replaced with three more hostages. Secretary of State George Shultz called it “a hostage Bazaar”

Oliver North was tried in court for the affair because he took the blame instead of Reagan. The court found North to be not guilty.

On March 4, 1987, Reagan himself apologized to the American people and said it was all his fault. George H. W. Bush later pardoned anyone who was involved in the affair.

While President Ronald Reagan was a supporter of the Contra cause, the evidence is unclear as to whether he knew about the scandal.

On November 25, 1986, President Reagan announced the creation of a Special Review Board to look into the matter; the following day, he appointed former Senator John Tower, former Secretary of State Edmund Muskie, and former National Security Adviser Brent Scowcroft to serve as members. This commission was called the Tower Commission. Towards the end, the committee said that there was no evidence to say that Reagan had anything to do with the affair.

References

Other websites
Understanding the Iran-Contra Affairs, a comprehensive website

1985 in the United States
1986 in the United States
1987 in the United States

Political scandals in the United States
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Michael Edward Reagan (born John Flaugher; March 18, 1945) is an American radio show host. He is the adopted son of Ronald Reagan and Jane Wyman. He hosted the radio show The Michael Reagan Talk Show.

Early life and careers 
He was born at Queen of Angels - Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center in Los Angeles, California to Irene Flaugher. 

He has studied at Loyola High School and Judson School,  and Arizona State University and Los Angeles Valley College, He has doing four kinds of jobs, He would be sale-man by Hart Schaffner Marx on 1970s, And then He then became a director of special events catering at Michaelson Food Service Company in Los Angeles. Reagan has had small roles in movies and television shows since 1985, including Falcon Crest which starred his mother, Jane Wyman. 

In 1971 Reagan has married Pamela Gail Putnam (born 1952). She is the daughter of Duane Putnam, who was then the Atlanta Falcons football line coach. The couple divorced in 1972.
1975, Michael remarried to Colleen Sterns at The Church On The Way from The Foursquare Church, Their had two children is Cameron and Ashley by his marriage.

References

1945 births
Living people
American adoptees
American radio personalities
Reagan family
Children of Presidents of the United States
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Patti Davis (born October 21, 1952) is an American actress, model and author. She is the daughter of late U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Reagan's second wife, Nancy Reagan.

Davis was born in Los Angeles. In 2013, she published a book called Till Human Voices Wake Us.

References

1952 births
Living people
Reagan family
American movie actors
Models from Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
Actors from Los Angeles
Ronald Prescott "Ron" Reagan (born May 20, 1958 in Los Angeles, California) is an American political commentator. He presents his commentary on the radio. He currently works for MSNBC as a political analyst.

Reagan is a Democrat and an atheist despite being the son of Republican President Ronald Reagan. His mother was Nancy Reagan. He is often incorrectly called Ronald Reagan Jr. or Ronald Reagan II. In 2011 he wrote a book on his father called My Father at 100.

References

1958 births
Living people
Reagan family
American political commentators
American radio personalities
American political activists
Children of Presidents of the United States
Democrats (United States)
People from Los Angeles
The Lieutenant Governor of California is an important political office in the state of California. If the Governor of California is unable to serve or dies in office, the Lieutenant Governor serves as Governor instead. The current Lieutenant Governor is Eleni Kounalakis. The office was created in 1849.

List

Notes

References
Robert Hutchison Finch (October 9, 1925 - October 10, 1995) was an American politician. He was a Republican politician from La Canada Flintridge, California. He served as the Lieutenant Governor of California under the term of Ronald Reagan from 1967 to 1969.

He was born in Tempe, Arizona. He was the son of Robert L. Finch, a member of the Arizona House of Representatives.

References

1925 births
1995 deaths
United States Secretaries of Health, Education, and Welfare
Lieutenant Governors of California
Politicians from Arizona
US Republican Party politicians
Edwin "Ed" Reinecke (January 7, 1924 – December 24, 2016) was an American politician. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives. He also served under Ronald Reagan as the 39th Lieutenant Governor of California from 1969 to 1974.

Reinecke was born on January 7, 1924 in Medford, Oregon. He died on December 24, 2016 in Laguna Hills, California of natural causes, aged 92.

References

Other websites
Congressional biography
Video: Reinecke discusses drug trafficking

1924 births
2016 deaths
United States representatives from California
US Republican Party politicians
Politicians from Oregon
Lieutenant Governors of California
People from Medford, Oregon
John Loren Harmer (April 28, 1934 – December 6, 2019) was an American politician. Harmer served in the California State Senate from 1966 to 1974. He was a member of the Republican Party. He served as the 40th Lieutenant Governor of California from 1974 to 1975. He was given the job by Governor Ronald Reagan, who was leaving office at the time.

Harmer wrote the book Reagan: Man of Principle.

Harmer died on December 6, 2019 in Bountiful, Utah at the age of 85.

References

1934 births
2019 deaths
Lieutenant Governors of California
Writers from California
US Republican Party politicians
State legislators of the United States
Edmund Gerald "Pat" Brown, Sr. (April 21, 1905 – February 16, 1996) was an American politician. Brown served as the 32nd Governor of California from 1959 to 1967. He is the father of the 34th and 39th Governor of California, Jerry Brown. He was succeeded by Ronald Reagan as Governor, but Reagan was soon succeeded by Brown's son Jerry. Brown ran for President of the United States three times; in 1976, 1980 and in 1992.

References

Other websites
Official Biography and portrait from State of California 
California State of Mind: The Legacy of Pat Brown
Brown family of California at The Political Graveyard 
Shows off his custom license plate 
 Find a grave Edmund Brown

1905 births
1996 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Governors of California
1960 United States presidential candidates
1964 United States presidential candidates
Politicians from San Francisco
US Democratic Party politicians
Robert Montgomery (May 21, 1904 – September 27, 1981) was an American actor and director. He was born in Beacon, New York. He starred in many movies, including Night Must Fall. He died in New York City from cancer. He was cremated.

Other websites
 

American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in New York
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
1904 births
1981 deaths
George Chandler (June 30, 1898 – June 10, 1985) was an American actor. He starred in many movies, including The Fatal Glass of Bear and in Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?. He also starred in the 1954 television series Lassie.

Chandler was born in Waukegan, Illinois. He served in the United States Army during World War II. In his early career, he was a vaudeville performer.

Chandler's first movie appearance was in 1928. In 1960, Chandler was elected president of the Screen Actors Guild.

Chandler died in Los Angeles from complications of cancer-related surgery on June 10, 1985, aged 86.

References

Other websites
 

People from Waukegan, Illinois
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
Actors from Illinois
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from surgical complications
Deaths from cancer
1898 births
1985 deaths
Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawar (, born 1958) is an Iraqi politician. He was the Vice President of Iraq from 2005 to 2006. He then served as President of Iraq from 2004 to 2005.

References

1958 births
Living people
Presidents of Iraq
Vice Presidents of Iraq
Edith "Edie" Windsor  (née Schlain; June 20, 1929 – September 12, 2017) was an American lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights activist and a former technology manager at IBM.

Windsor was the lead plaintiff in the Supreme Court of the United States case United States v. Windsor, which successfully overturned Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act and was considered a landmark legal victory for the same-sex marriage movement in the United States.

Windsor died in Manhattan, New York on September 12, 2017 at the age of 88.

Early life and education 
Windsor was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to James and Celia Schlain, a Russian Jewish immigrant family of modest means. She was the youngest of three children. During her childhood, her family suffered as a result of the Great Depression, and her father lost both his candy-and-ice-cream store and their home above it. In school, she at times experienced anti-Semitism. Throughout school, she dated boys her age, but said later she recalls having crushes on girls.

Windsor received her bachelor's degree from Temple University in 1950. In 1955, she began pursuing a master's degree in mathematics, which she obtained from New York University in 1957. She then joined IBM, where she worked for the next sixteen years. During this time, she spent two semesters studying applied mathematics at Harvard University on an IBM fellowship.

References

Other websites 

 
 

1929 births
2017 deaths
American LGBT rights activists
Lesbians
LGBT people from New York City
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
New York University alumni
People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
The flag of Chicago was created in 1917 by Wallace Rice. Stars were added to the flag in 1933 and 1939.

Appearance 
It has five horizontal bands. The first, third and last are white and the second and fourth are light blue. There are four stars in the middle in which each represents an important event in the city's history.

Ranking 
In a review by the North American Vexillological Association of 150 American city flags, the Chicago city flag was ranked second best with a rating of 9.03 out of 10, behind only the flag of Washington, D.C.

References

Other websites 
Municipal Code of Chicago (sections pertaining to Municipal Flag)
NAVA city flag survey 

Chicago, Illinois
Chicago
1917 establishments in the United States
St Peter's College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. The college was founded in 1929. It became a full college of the University in 1961.

The college is located on the site of the former New Hall Inn. Its oldest buildings are Linden House (1794) and Canal House (1828). Both were former headquarters of the Oxford Canal Company.

References

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1929 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in England
The title of Prince of Condé was a title used in France while the country was a monarchy For example prior to 1793. The holder of the title was a member of the extended royal family and therefore held the rank and further title of prince of the blood and the style of Serene Highness but the style was only used when in writing. The holder of the title also held the important further rank of First Prince of the blood. The heir was usually given the title of Duke of Bourbon and at other times the Duke of Enghien.  The title was only to be inherited by the male line as females were expelled from to succeeding to titles. The title existed for almost two centuries and during that time the prince was one of the highest ranking prince behind that of the actual royal family.

Over the years the princes were used to make political and financial marriages with member of the wealthy French nobility as well as princesses of other European ruling houses. The prince was a member of the French House of Bourbon.

 Louis de Bourbon (1546-1569) Founder of the line and a younger son of a Queen of Navarre and from which the Count of Soissons line descends. 
 Henri de Bourbon (1569–1588) A Lieutenant General of New France (Modern day Canada)
 Henri de Bourbon (1588–1646) It is from him that the Princes of Conti descend. 
 Louis, Grand Condé (1646–1686) famous military man during the reign of Louis XIV.
 Henri Jules de Bourbon (1686–1709) famous for his madness. 
 Louis de Bourbon (1709–1710) forced to make a marriage with an illegitimate daughter of Louis XIV.
 Louis Henri de Bourbon (1710–1740) known better as the Duke of Bourbon. He was also a Prime Minister of France during the reign of Louis XV 
 Louis Joseph (1740–1818)
 Louis Henri (1818–1830). Last Bourbon Prince of Condé
 Prince Louis of Orléans (1845–1866). A son of Louis Philippe I and given the title by courtesy. Not due to male line descent.

Small note

Princes and princesses of this line of the House of Bourbon are often incorrectly surnamed as "Bourbon-Condé". Which is incorrect. Their surname was just "de Bourbon".

Related pages

Princes of Conti another cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, itself descending from the Condé line. 
The title was similar to the Savoyard title of Prince of Carignan.

Titles in the old Kingdom of France
Thomas Victor O'Carroll (born 1945) is an Irish writer. He is an activist for pedophiles. He lives in Cumbria.

Career
In 1980 O'Carroll's first book, Paedophilia: The Radical Case, was published. In the book, O'Carroll talks about his own experiences as a pedophile and about how sex between children and adults is not wrong. The book was taken off Amazon in 2010.
In June 2010 Michael Jackson's Dangerous Liaisons, a book he wrote about Michael Jackson was published under a pen name.

Sex offences
O'Carroll was first jailed in 1981 for the contact ads in the Paedophile Information Exchange's magazine. In August 2002, O'Carroll was imprisoned for nine months, and jailed again in 2006 for two and a half years for having child pornography.

References

1945 births
Living people
Irish writers
Sex offenders
Sexual freedom activists
The École Polytechnique Massacre, known also as the Montreal massacre was a school shooting on December 6, 1989. It took place at the École Polytechnique de Montréal, an engineering school and faculty that is affiliated with the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Marc Lépine, a twenty-five year old, shot 28 people and killed 15 people as well as himself (suicide). The shooter targeted women in the attack and said that he was "fighting feminism" and called the women "a bunch of feminists".

The attack
He entered the building sometime at 4 p.m. on December 6, 1989 with a Ruger Mini-14 rifle and hunting knife. After he entered a second floor mechanical engineering class of about sixty students at about 5:10 p.m., he approached a student that was giving a presentation. He ordered that everyone stop what they were doing and both men and women to go to opposite sides of the classroom. Nobody moved at first, believing it to be a joke until he fired a shot into the ceiling. He killed six women and wounded three others there.

After that, he moved to the second floor corridor and wounded three other students before he entered another room where he tried to shoot a female student twice but failed. He reloaded the gun in the emergency staircase and tried to enter the room that he left but the students locked the door. He attempted to unlock it with three gunshots but failed. He moved through the corridor where he shot wounded a student. He went to the financial services office and shot and killed a woman through the window of a door she had locked.

He went down the stairs to the first floor cafeteria which had around a hundred people in it. He shot a woman standing near the kitchens and wounded another student. After hearing the gunshots, everyone scattered. He killed two more women after finding them hiding. 

He went up the escalator to the third floor shooting and wounding three students in the corridor. After entering a classroom where a presentation was being held, he shot at the front row and killed two women who were trying to escape. He shot three more female students and killed another. After hearing Maryse Leclair, a student he had shot, ask for help, he took out his hunting knife and stabbed her three times, killing her. He then took off his hat, wrapped his jacket around the gun, said "ah shit," and then killed himself.

References

1989
1980s in Canada
20th century in Montreal
Attacks on buildings and structures in North America
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1980s
December events
Mass murder in the 1980s
Mass shootings in North America

Massacres in North America
Murder in Canada
Murders by firearm
Murder-suicides in North America
School shootings
Suicides by firearm
Suicides in Canada
Ezra Matthew Miller (born September 30, 1992) is an American actor of Jewish descent. They played Patrick in the 2012 movie The Perks of Being a Wallflower. For the role they won the Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Miller appeared in the 2016 movie Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice as The Flash. They played the role again on Suicide Squad, the 2017 movie Justice League and in their own 2022 movie.

Miller portrayed Credence Barebone in the 2016 movie Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them.

Miller came out as queer in 2012.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 

1992 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
American child actors
American child singers
American movie actors
American television actors 
Jewish American actors
Jewish American musicians
LGBT actors
LGBT Jews
LGBT people from New Jersey
LGBT singers
People from Wyckoff, New Jersey
Queer people
Singers from New Jersey
LGBT models
Models from New Jersey
The British Armed Forces are the armed forces of the United Kingdom. The British Armed Forces are officially called Her Majesty's Armed Forces, and they are sometimes called the Armed Forces of the Crown. The British Armed Forces is made up of three parts: the British Army, the Royal Navy (and the Royal Marines) and the Royal Air Force.

The Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces is the British monarch. Members of the British Armed Forces must swear that they will obey the orders of the monarch (swear allegiance). Under the constitution of the United Kingdom, the armed forces controlled by the Crown, however, because of the 1689 Bill of Rights, the UK cannot have an army during peacetime unless the British Parliament allows it. Nowadays, the British Parliament passes an Armed Forces Act every five years, which means the UK can keep its military. The British Prime Minister is the de facto commander of the British Armed Forces. The armed forces are managed by the Ministry of Defence.

The British Armed Forces protect the United Kingdom, the British overseas territories and the Crown dependencies. They also take part in United Nations peacekeeping missions. The British Armed Forces often take part in NATO missions. The most recent wars the British Armed Forces have fought are the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, Operation Palliser, peacekeeping in the Balkans and Cyprus, and defending the no-fly zone over Libya. The British Armed Forces have bases in the following places: Ascension Island, Belize, Brunei, Canada, Diego Garcia, the Falkland Islands, Germany, Gibraltar, Kenya, Qatar and the Sovereign Base Areas (Cyprus).

The United Kingdom tested its first nuclear weapon in Operation Hurricane in 1952. , Britain is one of the five recognised nuclear powers. It has around 225 nuclear warheads. The United Kingdom's nuclear weapons are controlled by the Royal Navy.

Notes

References 

1707 establishments
18th-century establishments in England
Military of the United Kingdom
Christina Onassis (December 11, 1950 – November 19, 1988) was a Greek-Argentine businesswoman and socialite. She was the heiress to the Onassis family fortune. She was the only daughter of Aristotle Onassis, a wealthy shipping businessman, and Athina Livanos.

Onassis was born at LeRoy Sanitarium in New York City, United States, but she gave up her American citizenship. She had a brother, Alexander Onassis. Her daughter, by Thierry Roussel, is Athina Onassis Roussel (named after Christina's mother). Christina died in Buenos Aires from a heart attack. She was aged 37. Her heart attack was caused by pulmonary edema.

References

1950 births
1988 deaths
Argentine people
Businesspeople from New York City
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Argentina
Greek people
Athina Onassis Roussel (alternate: Athina Onassis de Miranda; born 28 January 1985) is a French-Greek heiress. Her grandfather was Aristotle Onassis, a wealthy shipping businessman. She is his only living descendant. Her mother was Christina Onassis. Athina inherited her grandfather's fortune when her mother died in 1988.

Roussel was born at American Hospital of Paris in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. She is the eldest of Thierry Roussel's four children. She is a horse rider.

References

1985 births
Living people
Billionaires
Equestrians
French businesspeople
Greek people
People from Ile-de-France
Arrogance (also called hubris) indicates strong pride or acting extremely self-important. In particular, a loss of contact with reality and overestimating one's own competence or capability.

It is when you try to reason out or state your case over a traffic violation to an enforcer - only in the Philippines.

Arrogance is also associated with lack of humility and love toward oneself. Examples include making oneself far more important than others or superiority. Children raised around arrogance may be arrogant themselves.

Arrogance is usually detrimental and fosters a negative-minded culture. Some sources, however, also indicate arrogance means taking and receiving pride with one's work.

Arrogance is different from confidence. Arrogance may be associated with insecurity. Confidence has an association with improving and examining one's own weaknesses.

Hubris is the ancient Greek concept. It is similar to arrogance, but is usually translated as pride. Because their societies were more concerned with honour, it works out as somewhat different from arrogance. To understand it fully one needs to work through the Greek passages where it is used, which is beyond our scope. For example, the use of force to shame someone would have been considered hubris.

Related pages
 Confidence
 Dunning–Kruger effect
 Megalomania
 Narcissism

References

Emotions
Narcissism
Steven Yeun (born December 21, 1983) is a South Korean actor, voice actor and Singer. He is most well known for his role as "Glenn" in the AMC original series The Walking Dead. Yeun was born in Seoul, South Korea and grew up in Troy, Michigan. Along with The Walking Dead, he has acted in multiple movies and television series, such as The Big Bang Theory and The Lemons Show.

In 2021, he was nominated for an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award.

References

1983 births
Living people
Actors from Michigan
American movie actors
American television actors
People from Troy, Michigan
The Dawson College shooting was a school shooting on September 13, 2006. It took place at the Dawson College in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Kimveer Gill, a twenty-five year old Indo-Canadian, shot 20 people and killed 1 person as well as himself (suicide) after being shot in the arm by a police officer.

Gill had a Vampirefreaks.com profile and mentioned the song "À Tout le Monde" by thrash metal band Megadeth on the day of the shooting. News outlets blamed Megadeth for the shooting. Later in 2006, Megadeth performed a live concert in Montreal and responded to the blame they and their music received. Lead singer and guitarist Dave Mustaine said to the crowd:

"The guy who went to Dawson College and shot everyone, it's terrible. Aside from the fact that what he did was wrong, we have a relationship with Montreal, and that really pissed us off."

Mustaine was also interviewed by CBC News before Megadeth's concert and said :

"I was so angry that this guy would use my song, and that he would try and turn that beautiful song into something ugly and nasty. It's for those who lost their lives, and it's a gift to those who are in the process of healing (...) and Gill was not worthy of being a Megadeth fan."

The attack
Gill drove to the college campus and parked his car. Bystanders saw that Gill took weapons out of his trunk. He took a person as a hostage and forced him to carry a bag which had a fourth gun and more ammunition in it. Gill shot at students that were outside on the steps of the college near the rear entrance. The hostage ran away with Gill's bag and hid it. 

Gill entered the school and went to cafeteria. He walked to the corner of the room and shot students that were standing in front of him. He ordered the students to lie on the floor and shot at more students. Two police officers that were visiting the school at the time because of an unrelated incident rushed to the cafeteria after hearing the gunfire. More officers surrounded the college and Gill took two more people hostage. Officer Denis Côté shot him in the arm and Gill killed himself. The officers tried to bring him back to life but they failed.

References

2006 crimes
2000s in Montreal
Attacks on buildings and structures in North America
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 2000s
Mass shootings in North America
Mass shootings in the 2000s
Murder in Canada
Murders by firearm
Murder-suicides in North America
School shootings
September events
Suicides by firearm
Suicides in Canada
Boys Town is a village in eastern Nebraska. It is a suburb of Omaha. The population was 745 at the 2010 census. By the 2012 estimate, it was 671. The Boys Town organization was established here.

Villages in Nebraska
Dale Thomas Mortensen (February 2, 1939 – January 9, 2014) was an American economist. He received his Bachelor of Arts in economics from Willamette University and his PhD in Economics from Carnegie Mellon University.

Mortensen was born in Enterprise, Oregon on February 2, 1939.

He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2010. He won the award with Christopher A. Pissarides from the London School of Economics and Peter A. Diamond from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They were awarded it for "their analysis of markets with search frictions".

Mortensen died on January 9, 2014 from a stroke and cancer. He died at his home in Wilmette, Illinois. He was aged 74.

References

Other websites

Dale T. Mortensen official site
Dale Mortensen  at School of Economics and Management at Aarhus University
Markets with Search Frictions 2010 lecture at NobelPrize.org
Profile and Papers at Research Papers in Economics/RePEc

1939 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Deaths from cancer
Cancer deaths in Illinois
American economists
Educators from Oregon
Nobel Prize in Economics winners
Scientists from Oregon
Josep Maria Castellet Díaz de Cossío (15 December 1926 – 9 January 2014), also known as José María Castellet, was an Spanish writer, poet, critic, publisher and editor.

Castellet was born in Barcelona on 15 December 1926. He began his career in writing in 1955. He wrote novels and poetry in both Catalan and Spanish. His last novel was published in 2012.

Castellet died on 9 January 2014 from pneumonia. He was aged 87. He died in his hometown of Barcelona.

References

1926 births
2014 deaths
Critics
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Barcelona
Infectious disease deaths in Spain
Publishers
Spanish poets
Writers from Barcelona
Wilmette is a village in Cook County, Illinois. It is north from Chicago. About 28,000 people live here. The village was established in 1872.

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
1872 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Illinois
Albert I (April 8, 1875 – February 17, 1934) reigned as King of the Belgians from 1909 to 1934. This was an eventful period in the history of Belgium. It included the period of World War I (1914-1918).

References

1875 births
1934 deaths
Accidental deaths
Kings and Queens of Belgium
Kings and queens
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knute Rockne, All American is an American biographical drama movie. It is directed by Lloyd Bacon and William K. Howard. The movie was based on the early career of Knute Rockne. It stars Pat O'Brien, Gale Page, and Ronald Reagan. It was released on October 4, 1940.

1940 movies
1940s drama movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Lloyd Bacon
Movies directed by William K. Howard
Love Is on the Air is an American crime drama movie. It is directed by Nick Grinde. It was Ronald Reagan's first movie. The movie also stars June Travis, Hal B. Wallis, and Jack L. Warner. It was released on October 2, 1937.

1937 movies
1930s crime movies
1930s drama movies
American crime drama movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Nick Grinde
Kings Row is an American drama movie. It is directed by Sam Wood and produced by Hal B. Wallis. It stars Ann Sheridan, Robert Cummings, and Ronald Reagan. It was released on February 2, 1942.

1942 movies
1940s drama movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Sam Wood
The Voice of the Turtle is an American romantic comedy movie. It is directed by Irving Rapper. It stars Ronald Reagan and Eleanor Parker. It was released on December 25, 1947.

1947 romance movies
1940s comedy movies
1940s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies directed by Irving Rapper
John Loves Mary is an American romance movie. It is directed by David Butler. It stars Ronald Reagan, Patricia Neal and Jack Carson. It was released on February 19, 1949.

References

1949 movies
1949 romance movies
1940s musical movies
American romance movies
Movies directed by David Butler
Movies based on plays
Warner Bros. movies
The Hasty Heart is a British-American romantic comedy movie. It is directed by Vincent Sherman. It stars Richard Todd, Patricia Neal, and Ronald Reagan. It was released on December 2, 1949.

1949 movies
1940s romance movies
1940s comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
British romantic comedy movies
Movies directed by Vincent Sherman
Darrell Lance Abbott (August 20, 1966 – December 8, 2004), also called Diamond Darrell and Dimebag Darrell, was an American heavy metal musician. He was best known for performing with the bands Pantera and Damageplan. He was #92 in Rolling Stone magazine's 100 Greatest Guitarists and #1 in the magazine Metal Hammer.

On the night of December 8, 2004, he was shot and killed on stage while performing with Damageplan at the Alrosa Villa in Columbus, Ohio. The killer, Nathan Gale, continued shooting and killed three other people and injured seven others. Gale was shot and killed by police officer James Niggemeyer.

2015 damage to the site where Abbott was buried 
On February 28th, 2015, someone said that the site where Darrell Abbott's dead body was buried at Moore Memorial Gardens Cemetery was damaged.  It is suspected but not proven that American heavy metal music group Nuclear Hellfrost from Fort Wayne, Indiana damaged the site.  Pantera told law enforcement about this, who are trying to find answers.

Close to 4:12 P.M. (Central Standard Time) on February 28th, Nuclear Hellfrost said on Facebook that their former lead singer damaged the site by himself without the other members of the group.

References 

1966 births
2004 deaths
American guitarists
American heavy metal musicians
American murder victims
Murdered musicians
Murders by firearm in the United States
Musicians from Texas
Cattle Queen of Montana is an American Western movie. It is directed by Allan Dwan. It stars Barbara Stanwyck and Ronald Reagan. The supporting cast includes Gene Evans, Jack Elam, Chubby Johnson, and Morris Ankrum. It was released on November 18, 1954.

1954 movies
1950s western movies
American western movies
Movies directed by Allan Dwan
Tennessee's Partner is an American western movie. It is directed by Allan Dwan. It stars John Payne, Ronald Reagan, Rhonda Fleming, and Coleen Gray. It was released on September 1, 1955.

1955 movies
1950s western movies
American western movies
Movies directed by Allan Dwan
The Killers is an American crime-drama movie. It is directed by Don Siegel. The story is based on a book by Ernest Hemingway. It stars Lee Marvin, Angie Dickinson, Clu Gulager, John Cassavetes, and Ronald Reagan. This was Reagan's last movie. It was composed by John Williams. It was released on July 7, 1964.

1964 drama movies
1964 crime movies
1960s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies composed by John Williams
Movies directed by Don Siegel
Universal Pictures movies
With a Song in My Heart is a musical biographical movie. It was released in 1952. The story is about the life of Jane Froman, who was paralyzed in an airplane crash in 1943. The cast includes Thelma Ritter, Susan Hayward and Robert Wagner.

The movie won the Academy Award for Original Music Score and a Golden Globe Award for best musical/comedy picture.

1952 movies
1950s musical movies
American biographical movies
American musical movies
Madelyn Lee Payne Dunham ( ; October 26, 1922 – November 2, 2008) was the grandmother of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States. Her daughter was Obama mother's, Ann Dunham. Madelyn and her husband Stanley Armour Dunham raised Obama from age ten in their apartment in Honolulu, Hawaii. She died two days before her grandson was elected President.

Life
Madelyn Lee Payne was born in Peru, Kansas. She was the eldest of four children. Her younger brother was Charles T. Payne. Their parents were Rolla Charles "R.C." Payne (August 23, 1892 – October 15, 1968) and Leona Belle (McCurry) Payne (May 7, 1897 – March 22, 1968). In Barack Obama's memoir, Dreams From My Father, he describes them as "stern Methodist parents who did not believe in drinking, playing cards or dancing." She moved with her parents to Augusta, Kansas at the age of three. Madelyn was one of the best students at Augusta High School. She graduated from there in 1940.

Death

Madelyn died in Hawaii, on November 2, 2008. It was two days before the presidential election. Obama's campaign team announced that she had died "peacefully" after suffering from cancer. At a rally in Charlotte, North Carolina on November 3, Obama said, "She was one of those quiet heroes that we have all across America. They're not famous. Their names are not in the newspapers, but each and every day they work hard. They aren't seeking [fame]. All they try to do is just do the right thing." Dunham's absentee vote, received by the election office on October 27, was included in Hawaii's total vote count.

A private funeral was held on December 23, 2008, at the First Unitarian Church of Honolulu. Obama and his sister Maya scattered their grandmother's ashes in the ocean at Lanai Lookout.  It was the same spot where they had scattered their mother's ashes in 1995.  Obama was staying at Plantation Estate at the time.

References

1922 births
2008 deaths
Cancer deaths in the United States
Obama family
People from Kansas