cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
One Crimson Night is a two-disc live album and DVD by Swedish power metal band HammerFall. The album was recorded during a concert at Lisebergshallen, Sweden. The DVD with the live video was released on June 29, 2004.

Track listing

DVD
"Lore of the Arcane"
"Riders of the Storm"
"Heeding the Call"
"Stone Cold"
"Hero's Return"
"Legacy of Kings"
"Bass Solo: Magnus Rosén"
"At the End of the Rainbow"
"The Way of the Warrior"
"The Unforgiving Blade"
"Glory to the Brave"
"Guitar Solo: Stefan Elmgren"
"Let the Hammer Fall"
"Renegade"
"Steel Meets Steel"
"Crimson Thunder"
"Templars of Steel"
"Gold Album Award"
"Hearts On Fire"
"HammerFall"

Disc one
"Lore of the Arcane"
"Riders of the Storm" 
"Heeding The Call"
"Stone Cold"
"Hero's Return"
"Legacy of Kings"
"Bass Solo: Magnus Rosén"
"At the End of the Rainbow"
"The Way of the Warrior"
"The Unforgiving Blade"
"Glory to the Brave"
"Guitar Solo: Stefan Elmgren"
"Let the Hammer Fall"

Disc two
"Renegade"
"Steel Meets Steel"
"Crimson Thunder"
"Templars of Steel"
"Hearts On Fire"
"HammerFall"
"The Dragon Lies Bleeding" (Bonus Track)
"Stronger Than All" (Bonus Track)
"A Legend Reborn" (Bonus Track)

Personnel

 Joacim Cans        -       Lead Vocals
 Oscar Dronjak      -       Guitars, Backing Vocals
 Stefan Elmgren     -       Guitars, Backing Vocals
 Magnus Rosén       -       Bass Guitar
 Anders Johansson   -       Drums

HammerFall
Power metal
2003 albums
Chapter V: Unbent, Unbowed, Unbroken is an album by Swedish power metal band HammerFall. It was released on March 4, 2005.

Track listing 
 "Secrets"  (Dronjak/Cans) – 6:06
 "Blood Bound"  (Dronjak/Cans) – 3:49
 "Fury of the Wild"  (Dronjak/Cans) – 4:44
 "Hammer of Justice"  (Dronjak/Cans) – 4:37
 "Never, Ever"  (Dronjak) – 4:05
 "Born to Rule"  (Dronjak/Cans/Elmgren) – 4:08
 "The Templar Flame"  (Dronjak/Cans) – 3:41
 "Imperial"  (Dronjak) – 2:29
 "Take the Black"  (Dronjak/Cans) – 4:46
 "Knights of the 21st Century"  (Dronjak/Cans) – 12:19
 "The Metal Age" (Live) - 4:55

Personnel 
 Joacim Cans      -      Lead & Backing Vocals
 Oscar Dronjak    -      Guitars & Backing Vocals
 Stefan Elmgren   -      Guitars
 Magnus Rosén     -      Bass Guitar
 Anders Johansson -      Drums
 Conrad "Cronos" Lant - Additional vocals on "Knights of the 21st Century"

Power metal
HammerFall
2005 albums
Threshold was Swedish power metal band HammerFall's fifth album.

Track listing 
 "Threshold" (Dronjak/Cans) – 4:43
 "The Fire Burns Forever" (Dronjak/Cans) – 3:20
 "Rebel Inside" (Dronjak) – 5:32
 "Natural High" (Dronjak/Cans) – 4:13
 "Dark Wings, Dark Words" (Dronjak/Cans) – 5:01
 "Howlin' with the 'Pac" (Dronjak/Cans) – 4:04
 "Shadow Empire" (Dronjak/Cans/Elmgren) – 5:13
 "Carved in Stone" (Dronjak/Cans) – 6:10
 "Reign of the Hammer" (Elmgren) – 2:48
 "Genocide" (Dronjak/Cans/Elmgren) – 4:41
 "Titan" (Dronjak/Cans) – 4:24

Personnel 

 Joacim Cans - Lead & Backing Vocals
 Oscar Dronjak - Guitars & Backing Vocals
 Stefan Elmgren - Guitars & Backing Vocals
 Magnus Rosén - Bass
 Anders Johansson - Drums

References

Power metal
HammerFall
2006 albums
{{Infobox Album
| name = Steel Meets Steel: Ten Years of Glory
| type = compilation
| artist = HammerFall
| cover =
| released = October 23, 2007
| recorded = 1997 - 2007
| genre = Power metal
| length =
| label = Nuclear Blast Records
| producer =
|  Reviews     =

| prev_title = Threshold (HammerFall album)(2006)
– Ten Years of Glory(2007)
| next_title = Masterpieces (2008) |}}Steel Meets Steel: Ten Years of Glory''''' was a compilation album from Swedish power metal group HammerFall.

Track listing

CD 1 
 "The Abyss" - (02:05)
 "Last Man Standing" - (04:20)
 "HammerFall v2.0.07" - (04:46) (appears as v1.07 on the iTunes digital version)
 "The Dragon Lies Bleeding" - (04:22)
 "Steel Meets Steel" - (04:02)
 "Glory to the Brave" - (07:20)
 "Heeding the Call" - (04:29)
 "At the End of the Rainbow" - (04:04)
 "Legacy of Kings" - (04:11)
 "Let the Hammer Fall (Live)" - (05:51)
 "Templars of Steel" - (05:24)
 "Renegade" - (04:21)
 "Always Will Be" - (04:29)
 "Keep the Flame Burning" - (04:39)
 "Riders of the Storm" - (04:34)

CD 2 
 "Hearts on Fire" - (03:51)
 "Crimson Thunder" - (05:05)
 "Hero's Return" - (05:22)
 "Blood Bound" - (03:49)
 "Secrets" - (06:06)
 "Fury of the Wild" - (04:44)
 "Never, Ever" - (04:05)
 "Threshold" - (04:45)
 "Natural High" - (04:15)
 "Dark Wings, Dark Words" - (05:02)
 "The Fire Burns Forever" - (03:22)
 "Restless Soul" - (5:28)
 "The Metal Age (Live)" - (04:27)
 "Stone Cold (Live)" - (04:35)
 "HammerFall v2.0.07" (MPEG video - Rough mix version)

Personnel 
 Joacim Cans – Vocals (All tracks)
 Oscar Dronjak – Guitar, backing vocals (All tracks)
 Stefan Elmgren – Guitar, backing vocals (Disc 1 tracks 1-3, 7-15; Disc 2 all tracks)
 Fredrik Larsson – Bass, backing vocals (Disc 1 tracks 1-6; Disc 2 tracks 12,15)
 Anders Johansson – Drums (Disc 1 tracks 1-3, 10-15; Disc 2 all tracks)
 Jesper Strömblad – Drums (Disc 1 tracks 4-6)
 Glenn Ljungström – Guitar (Disc 1 tracks 4-6)
 Patrik Räfling – Drums (Disc 1 tracks 7-9)
 Magnus Rosén – Bass (Disc 1 tracks 7-15; Disc 2 tracks 1-11, 13-14)

References 

Power metal
HammerFall
2007 albums
Compilation albums
Heavy metal albums
Masterpieces is the second complilation album by the Swedish power metal band HammerFall.

Track listing 
 "Child of the Damned" (Tsamis) (Warlord cover) – 3:42
 "Ravenlord" (Spengler) (Stormwitch cover) – 3:31
 "Eternal Dark" (Lovell/Jaarsveld/Vreugdenhil/Manen/Bakker) (Picture cover) – 3:07
 "Back to Back" (Hammer/Owen/Atkins) (Pretty Maids cover) - 3:39
 "I Want Out" (Hansen) (Helloween cover) – 4:36
 "Man on the Silver Mountain" (Blackmore/Dio) (Rainbow cover) –5:55
 "Head Over Heels" (Accept/Deaffy) – (Accept cover) – 4:35
 "Run With the Devil" (Wahlquist) (Heavy Load cover) – 5:13
 "We're Gonna Make It" (Snyder) (Twisted Sister cover) – 3:33
 "Breaking the Law" (Downing/Tipton/Halford) (Judas Priest cover) - 2:48  
 "Angel of Mercy" (Chastain) (Chastain cover) – 5:38  
 "Rising Force" (Malmsteen/Turner) (Yngwie J. Malmsteen cover) – 4:31
 "Detroit Rock City" (Stanley/Ezrin) – (Kiss cover) – 3:53
 "Crazy Nights" (Takasaki/Niihara) – (Loudness cover) – 3:38
 "När vindarna viskar mitt namn" (Holmstrand/Jansson/Dahl) – (Roger Pontare cover) - 3:09 
 "Flight of the Warrior" (Reale/Van Stavern/Moore) – (Riot cover)* - 4:22
 "Youth Gone Wild" (Bolan/Sabo) – (Skid Row cover)* - 3:20
 "Aphasia" (Norum) – (Europe cover)* - 2:35

Credits 

 Joacim Cans – Vocals (All tracks except track 5 and 10)
 Oscar Dronjak – Guitar, backing vocals (All tracks)
 Pontus Norgren – Guitar, backing vocals (Tracks 16-18)
 Fredrik Larsson – Bass, backing vocals (Tracks 1, 15-18)
 Anders Johansson – Drums (Tracks 7-18)
 Jesper Strömblad – Drums (Tracks 1)
 Glenn Ljungström – Guitar (Tracks 1)
 Patrik Räfling – Drums (Tracks 1-5)
 Magnus Rosén – Bass (Tracks 2-14)
 Stefan Elmgren – Guitar, backing vocals (Tracks 2-15)

HammerFall
Power metal
2008 albums
No Sacrifice, No Victory is the seventh studio album by Swedish power metal band HammerFall. It  was released February 20, 2009. This is the first album featuring the band's new lead guitarist Pontus Norgren.

Track listing 
 "Any Means Necessary" - 3:37 (Joacim Cans / Oscar Dronjak)
 "Life Is Now" - 4:45 (Cans / Dronjak)
 "Punish and Enslave" - 3:59 (Cans / Dronjak)
 "Legion" - 5:38 (Cans / Dronjak)
 "Between Two Worlds" - 5:30 (Dronjak)
 "Hallowed Be My Name" - 3:58 (Cans / Dronjak)
 "Something for the Ages" - 5:06 (Pontus Norgren)  
 "No Sacrifice, No Victory" - 3:34 (Cans / Dronjak)
 "Bring the Hammer Down" - 3:43 (Cans / Stefan Elmgren)
 "One of a Kind" - 6:16 (Cans / Dronjak / Jesper Strömblad)
 "My Sharona" (The Knack cover) - 3:57 (Doug Fieger / Berton Averre)

Personnel 
 Joacim Cans - Lead and backing vocals
 Oscar Dronjak - Rhythm, Lead Guitars and backing vocals
 Pontus Norgren - Rhythm, Lead Guitars and backing vocals
 Fredrik Larsson - Bass and backing vocals
 Anders Johansson - Drums

References

2009 albums
HammerFall
Power metal
"Glory to be Brave" is a song by Swedish power metal band HammerFall, released as a single on October 20, 1997.

Track listing 

 "Glory to the Brave (Radio Edit)" (Dronjak/Cans) – 5:02
 "Ravenlord (Stormwich Cover)" (Dronjak/Cans) – 3:30
 "Metal Age (Live)" (Dronjak/Cans) – 4:12
 "Glory to the Brave (Live)" (Dronjak/Cans) – 7:17

Personnel 

 Joacim Cans - Lead & Backing Vocals
 Oscar Dronjak - Guitars & Backing Vocals
 Stefan Elmgren - Guitars & Backing Vocals
 Magnus Rosén - Bass
 Patrik Räfling - Drums

Power metal
HammerFall songs
1997 songs
"Heeding the Call" is a song by HammerFall, released as their second single on August 3, 1998.

Track listing 
 "Heeding the Call" (Dronjak/Cans) – 4:24
 "Eternal Dark" (Dronjak/Cans) – 3:08
 "The Metal Age (live)" (Dronjak) – 4:28
 "Steel Meets Steel (live)" (Dronjak/Cans) – 4:34
 "Stone Cold (live)" (Dronjak/Cans) – 7:02

Personnel 
 Joacim Cans - Lead & Backing Vocals
 Oscar Dronjak - Guitars & Backing Vocals
 Stefan Elmgren - Guitars & Backing Vocals
 Magnus Rosén - Bass
 Patrik Räfling - Drums

Power metal
HammerFall songs
1998 songs
"Hearts on Fire" is a 2002 song by Swedish heavy metal band HammerFall. It was the only single released from their fourth album, Crimson Thunder.

Track listing
 "Hearts on Fire" (video clip)
 "The Making Of 'Hearts On Fire'"
 "Heeding the Call" (live)
 "A Legend Reborn" (video clip)
 "Always Will Be" (video clip)
 "Renegade" (video clip)

Personnel 
Joacim Cans - Lead and Backing Vocals
Oscar Dronjak - Guitar and Backing Vocals
Stefan Elmgren - Lead Guitar
Magnus Rosén - Bass
Anders Johansson - Drums

Power metal
HammerFall songs
2002 songs
Peh (П, п) is the fifteenth letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [p]. Its italic lowercase form is п.

It comes from the Greek letter pi and stands for the Roman letter P.

Related pages
 П, п - Pi (Greek)
 P, p (Roman)
 Р, р - Er (Cyrillic)
 N, n (Roman)
Cryonics (from Greek kryos, which means 'cold') is the process of vitrifying a human (or animal) about  after a doctor says they are dead. People do that in hope that, in the future when medicine becomes better, they can have life again, solve their health problems and have eternal life.

Cold people like this are not awake at all as they have no brain activity. The law also says they are dead. Their body and its brain are made more like glass than ice because ice would harm their cells more. To do this, their blood is replaced with chemicals called cryoprotectants, which act like anti-freeze (stops to freeze).

Companies 
There are five big cryonics companies:
 Alcor, Arizona, USA
 Cryonics Institute (CI), Michigan, USA
 American Cryonics Society (ACS), California, USA
 KrioRus, Russia
Tomorrow Biostasis, Germany

References

Other websites 
 Why Cryonics Makes Sense - Wait But Why
 Afterlife Insurance - Is Cryonics Really That Crazy | Answers With Joe

Medicine
Schwarzenberg (German pronunciation: [ʃvaɐ̯t͡sənbɛɐ̯k]) is a town in the rural district of Erzgebirgskreis in Saxony, Germany. The town was built in the 12th century. It is located about 15 km southeast of Aue, and 35 km southwest of Chemnitz.

References

Other websites

Erzgebirgskreis Rural District
Bellevue is a city of King County in the state of Washington, in the United States.  It is found across Lake Washington from Seattle. Bellevue is the headquarters of Microsoft.

References 

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca is a city in the north-west of Argentina.

It is the capital city of the Catamarca Province. In 2010, 159,139 people lived there.

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Ceremonial Oath was a Swedish death metal band who started making music in 1989 when they called themselves "Desecrator" and stopped in 1995.In their six years, they released two demos, one EP, and two full-length albums.

Members

Final line-up
 Anders Fridén – vocals (1993 – 1995)
 Anders Iwers – guitar (1989 – 1995)
 Mikael Andersson – guitar (1993 – 1995)
 Thomas Johansson – bass (1993 – 1995)
 Markus Nordberg – drums (1989 – 1995)

Former members
 Jesper Strömblad – bass (1989 – 1993)
 Oscar Dronjak – vocals, guitar (1989 – 1993)

Session members
 Tomas Lindberg – vocals on three songs from Carpet (1995)

Discography
 Promo 1991 (Demo, 1991)
 Lost Name of God (EP, Corpse Grinder Records, 1992)
 The Book of Truth (CD, Modern Primitive Records, 1993)
 Carpet (CD, Black Sun Records, 1995)

Under the name Desecrator
 Wake The Dead (Demo)
 Black Sermons (Demo)

References

Death metal bands
Melodic death metal bands
Swedish heavy metal bands
Musical groups established in 1989
1995 disestablishments in Sweden
1989 establishments in Sweden
Musical groups disestablished in 1995
The Poodles is a glam metal/heavy metal band from Sweden.

Discography

Albums
 Metal Will Stand Tall (2006)
 Sweet Trade (2007)

Singles
 "Night of Passion" (2006)
 "Metal Will Stand Tall" feat. Tess Merkel (2006)
 "Song for You" (2006)
 "Seven Seas" feat. Peter Stormare (2007)
 "Streets of Fire" (2007)
 "Line of Fire" feat. E-Type (2008)
 "Raise the Banner" (2008) Swedish official song for the Olympic Games in Beijing 2008
 "One Out of Ten" (2009)

Other websites
 Official web
 German The Poodles Fanpage

Swedish heavy metal bands
A nuclear explosion is energy being released from a very fast nuclear reaction. It can be caused by nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, or both.

Atmospheric nuclear explosions are associated with mushroom clouds, although mushroom clouds can occur as a result of large chemical explosions. It is also possible to have an air-burst nuclear explosion without these clouds. Nuclear explosions produce radiation and radioactive debris.

The nuclear weapon was first detonated in combat on 6 August 1945, when the United States dropped a uranium gun-type device on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The second and last use of a nuclear weapon in combat occurred three days later when United States dropped a plutonium implosion-type device on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. These bombings resulted in the immediate deaths of around 120,000 people while more died over time due the nuclear radiation. 

Power plant accidents such as those at Chernobyl and Fukushima were caused by steam and hydrogen explosions, not nuclear explosions. The fuel in a nuclear power plant is not enriched enough to create a nuclear explosion.

Other websites
Videos and other media on nuclear explosion
Images of nuclear explosion

Nuclear weapons
Nuclear energy
Saint Mirren Football Club is a Scottish professional football club based in Paisley, Renfrewshire. St. Mirren play in the Scottish Premiership, having been promoted from the Championship in 2017-18. They are managed by Jim Goodwin.

Current squad

Club officials 
Boardroom
 Chairman: Stewart Gilmour
 Vice-Chairman: George Campbell
 Directors: Bryan McAusland, Gordon Scott, Ken McGeoch
 Director/Secretary: Allan Marshall

Coaching and Medical Staff
 Manager:Danny Lennon 
 Assistant Manager: Iain Jenkins
 First Team Coach: Stuart Balmer
 Head Of Youth Development: David Longwell
 Goalkeeping Coach: Paul Mathers
 Club Doctor: Dr Gerry Canning
 Club Physiotherapist: Elmer Boothroyd
 Sports Scientist: Frank Nutall

References 

Scottish Premier League clubs
1877 establishments in Scotland
Dheeran Chinnamalai ( born as Theerthagiri Sarkkarai Mandraadiyaar [Sarkkarai Mandraadiyaar Refers Payiran Kulam] or Theerthagiri Gounder on April 17, 1756) was a Kongu chieftain and Palayakkarar from Tamil Nadu who rose up in revolt against the British East India Company in the Kongu Nadu, Southern India. He was born in Melapalayam, near Erode in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

He was one of the main leaders in the Polygar Wars and commanded a vast army, notably during the Second Polygar War that took place in 1801–1802. A thousand-strong army under him took French Military training in modern warfare alongside Tipu's Mysore forces to fight against the British East India company. They helped Tipu Sultan in his war against the British and were instrumental in victories at Chitheswaram, Mazahavalli and Srirangapatna.

References
Theeran Chinnamanlai Gounder by Pulavar S. Rasu, Samba Publications, 152 Peters Road, Chennai, India 600 086, 1996.
Knogu Nattu Lion Singham Theeran Chinnamalai by Kavignar Magudam Manickam, Sakunthla Publications, Rangoli Graphics, 329 E.V.N.Road, Erode, TH, India 638 009, year 2001.

1756 births
1805 deaths
Indian revolutionaries
Tamil activists
Kings and queens
Indian monarchs
Tamil people
World Poverty and Human Rights is a 2002 book by Thomas Pogge. In the book, Pogge says that the poorest 46 percent of people have 1.2 percent of global income, and 826 million of them do not have enough to eat. One-third of all human deaths are from poverty-related causes: 18 million annually, including 12 million children under five.

At the other end of the spectrum, the 15 percent of people in the developed countries have 80 percent of global income. Pogge says that shifting 1 or 2 percent of our share toward poverty eradication seems morally compelling. Yet most of the rich people believe that they have no such responsibility.

References

Non-fiction books
Poverty
Human rights
2002 books
Teh (Т, т) is the fifteenth letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [t]. The lowercase's т italic looks like an т.

It comes from the Greek letter tau and stands for the Roman letter T.

Related pages
 Τ, τ - Tau (Greek)
 T, t (Roman)
Oo (У, у) is the eighteenth letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like
It comes from the Greek letter upsilon and stands for the Roman letter U.

Related pages
 Υ, υ - Upsilon (Greek)
 U, u (Roman)
 Y, y (Roman)
Lucas is a 1986 American romantic comedy-drama movie directed by David Seltzer, It was released on March 28, 1986. The movie was a geared toward a teen audience. This movie ranked number 16 on Entertainment Weekly's list of the 50 Best High School Movies .

Plot summary
The main character of the movie Lucas is a shy and quiet, fourteen year old nerd, who is in love with a girl. This leads to heartbreak when his older friend and the girl fall in love.

Other websites 
 

1986 romance movies
1986 comedy-drama movies
1980s romantic comedy movies
1980s romantic drama movies
1980s sports movies
1980s teen comedy movies
1980s teen drama movies
1980s teen romance movies
20th Century Fox movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
American sports movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen drama movies
American teen romance movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Illinois
Sports comedy movies
Sports drama movies
The Orto botanico di Pisa, also known as the Orto Botanico dell'Università di Pisa, is a botanical garden, and the University of Pisa takes care of it. The garden is at via Luca Ghini 5, Pisa, Italy. It is open weekday mornings and it does not cost money to see it.

The garden was started in 1544 under Cosimo I de' Medici as the first university botanical garden in Europe, and it was put under the care of the famous botanist Luca Ghini of Imola. In 1563 the garden was moved from its original place near a river (now the Medicean Arsenal) to one near the convent of Santa Marta. In 1591 the garden was again moved to a third place, where it still is. From these early times, the garden has contained a gallery of natural objects (now Pisa's Museo di Storia Naturale), a library (now part of the university library), and portraits of its directors throughout the centuries. It also includes one of the earliest iron-framed hothouses built in Italy.

Today there are different sections in the garden containing the botanical school, gardens, ponds, greenhouses, and various buildings. Major collections include herb gardens and arboreta, as well as the old botany institute, built 1591–1595, with a facade ornamented with sea-shells.

Related pages
 List of botanical gardens in Italy
 List of botanical gardens

Other websites 

 University of Pisa website for the Orto botanico di Pisa 

Buildings and structures in Italy
Botanical gardens in Europe
Pisa
Seismology is the study of what is under the surface of the Earth by measuring vibrations on the Earth's surface. A person who does this is called a seismologist. 

It is part of the science of geophysics, which studies the physics of the processes that formed the Earth and other planets. 

Seismology is done by seismologists and geophysicists using devices to pick up the vibrations called geophones, hydrophones or seismometers.

Seismology can either be passive, just listening to vibrations caused by earthquakes and volcanic activity, or active, using small explosive charges to send vibrations into the ground.

Seismic detectors come in two types, one which measures up and down vibrations, and one which measures side to side vibrations. Both types use and arrangement of a magnet and a coil of wire which will convert the vibrations into an electrical signal which can be stored in a computer for analysis. The earliest seismometer was developed by the Chinese.  

Seismologists can find the location of earthquakes by plotting received vibrations on a map. They can also pick up underground nuclear tests, and this is what many of the seismic recording stations were set up for.

They can also examine the crust in a seismic survey to try and find information about layers of rock, locate oil or gas fields and to get information about the internal structure of volcanos.

Related pages
Earth science

Geology
A godparent is an adult who sponsors a child during a formal religious ceremony or rite. Many religions have godparents or other adults who do something almost the same. These religions include Christianity & Judaism. Usually a godparent must be a member of the religion of the child. The role of a god parent is to also give the god child a gift, small or big, money, toys, etc. Mainly on Sundays.

Originally a godparent was someone who agreed to help raise the child and help them to become a good member of the religion. They may also have taken over as parent to the child if both its real parents died. Today, the role of godparent is not often a formal one, and has no real responsibility to the child. A female child of a godparent is a goddaughter. A male child of a godparent is a godson.

Christian worship and liturgy
Judaism
Nystagmus, often called "dancing eyes", is an eye condition which causes uncontrolled, rapid, jerky, movement of the eyes, usually from side to side, but sometimes up and down or in a circular motion. Most people with nystagmus have poor vision. It causes problems in education, employment and many social situations. Nystagmus cannot be fixed by spectacles or contact lenses, although many people with nystagmus wear glasses or contact lenses to correct other eye problems.

Causes of Nystagmus
There are two types of Nystagmus. The first is Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome (INS) which some people have at birth. The second type is known as acquired nystagmus which has a number of causes including:
 Alcohol
 Drugs, especially sedatives
 Head injury
 Inner ear problems like labyrinthitis or Meniere's disease
 Thiamine deficiency
 Vitamin B12 deficiency
 Diseases that can affect the brain's control of the eyes such as a tumor, or multiple sclerosis.

Features of nystagmus 
People with nystagmus do not normally see the world as moving, but they do occasionally. 
They have poor distance vision, but most have good close vision. 
Nystagmus is not painful.
Between 1 in 1000 and 1 in 2000 people have nystagmus.
Nystagmus can be hereditary, but it can also be a result of something else.
Most people with nystagmus can see well enough to drive an automobile
Nystagmus does not get worse with age.

Treatments and research 
There are currently no cures for nystagmus, but UK Nystagmus Network supports and encourages medical and other research into this complex condition. Research is ongoing with a number of universities leading the way.

References

Other websites 
http://www.nystagmus.co.uk nystagms.co.uk
http://www.nystagmusnet.org nystagmusnet.org

Diseases and disorders of the eye
The story of Susanna and the Elders is found in some Bibles inside chapter three of the Book of Daniel. These sections are sometimes called Additions to Daniel. Modern Jewish and Protestant Bibles do not have this story but Catholic and Orthodox ones have it. This story is found before Daniel 1:1 as a prologue in very old Greek texts. It is found as chapter 13 in the Vulgate and modern Catholic Bibles.

In the story, two bad judges secretly want to have sexual intercourse with Susanna, a beautiful and virtuous wife. One hot day, she takes a bath inside her walled garden but she does not know that the judges are hiding inside the garden. The judges tell her to have sex with them but she doesn't want to. When she refuses, they tell the people of the village that they saw her having sex with a man who was not her husband. This is called adultery, which was against the law at that time. The people of the village believe the judges and want to kill Susanna. A boy named Daniel does not believe the judges, so he asks one of the judges to go away and the other one to say what he saw. Daniel does this again with the other judge. The judges tell different stories, showing that they lied. The people get mad and kill the judges instead.

Old Testament books
El Bierzo is a shire in the province of León, Spain. The capital is the town of Ponferrada. Other major towns are Bembibre and Villafranca del Bierzo.

Related pages
 Province of Llión
 Leonese language

Kingdom of León
Castile and León
Wild Horses is a song by The Rolling Stones from their 1971 album Sticky Fingers. It has been covered by many other artists. Alicia Keys' recording, for her album Alicia Keys: Unplugged, featured the frontman of Maroon 5, Adam Levine.

2005 songs
The Rolling Stones
The Light Rail Transit Association (LRTA) is an association. Its purpose is to help and encourage research to keep and develop of light rail and tramway/streetcar systems. The LRTA publishes the monthly magazine Tramways and Urban Transit (formerly Modern Tramway). It is based in the United Kingdom but it has an international membership and remit.

History 
The LRTA was formed in 1937. It was called Light Railway Transport League (LRTL) until 1979. 

The opening of the Tyne and Wear Metro in 1980, followed by the Manchester Metrolink in 1991 and other new tram systems in Sheffield, Birmingham, Croydon and Nottingham, are very much in line with the aims of the Association.

Related pages
National Tramway Museum
Scottish Tramway and Transport Society
Transport 2000

Other websites
LRTA official website
The official publication of the LRTA

Light rail in the United Kingdom
Lucifugum is a black metal band from Ukraine.

History 
Lucifugum is a popular black metal band from Ukraine. They and Nokturnal Mortum are two of the best-known exponents of the East European black metal scene. Lucifugum was formed in 1995 by poet/composer Khlyst and musicians Bal-a-Myth (guitar, bass) and Faunus (vocals). The band continues to perform, despite Faunus having left the band in 2001, and Bal-a-Myth having died in his sleep on October 5, 2002; the albums Back to Chopped Down Roots and Sociopath: Philosophy Cynicism were recorded in 2003 by numerous session musicians which, however, did not join the band. In 2004 Khlyst moved to the Ukrainian town Mykolayiv (Nikolaev) to continue the activity of Lucifugum and Propaganda together with local black metal musician Elena (aka Stabaath) (ex-Namtar, ex-Hesperus). Vector33 is the first album with Stabaath (she recorded vocals, guitar, bass, and keyboards). All lyrics are written by Khlyst, and music is composed by Stabaath and Khlyst. Khlyst and Stabaath (real names Igor and Elena Naumchuk) are married. They are the owners of black metal label Propaganda.

The music of Lucifugum was different and changed during the years. The early period can be described as symphonic black metal (1996-2000), later it was black/thrash metal, sometimes with death metal touches (2001-2003), and after 2004 the music of the band has transformed into pure black metal style.

According to Propaganda web site (details to album “Sublimessiah”) Khlyst performs vocals since 2014. The critical problems with Stabaath’s throat have stopped her during the record of the vocal. So, there are just 3 tracks (1,3,5) with Stabaath’s vocals on “Sublimessiah”.

Band members 
 Khlyst (Igor Naumchuk) – vocals (2014-), lyrics (1995-), drum programming (2008-)
 Stabaath (Elena Naumchuk) – guitars, bass (2004-), vocals (2004-2014), keyboards (2005)

Former members 
 Bal-a-Myth (deceased) – guitars, bass (1995-2002)
 Faunus – vocals (1995-2001)

Discography 
 Gates of Nocticula - 1996
 Path of Wolf - 1996
 Through the Indifferent Sky - 1997
 on the sortilage of Christianity - 1999 
 On hooks to pieces! - 2000
 …and the Wheel keeps crunching… - 2001
 Stigma Egoism - 2002
 …back to chopped down roots - 2003
 Sociopath: philosophy cynicism - 2003
 Vector33 - 2005
 The Supreme Art of Genocide - 2005
 Involtation - 2006
 Sectane Satani - 2007
 Acme Adeptum – 2008
 Xa Heresy – 2010
 Od Omut Serpenti – 2012
 Sublimessiah – 2014
 Agonia Agnosti – 2016
 Infernalistica – 2018
 Tri nity limb ritual – 2020

Music videos 
2000 - "Vse Materi Umirayut"
2003 - "Sociopath: Philosophy Cynicism"
2005 - "Na Smertj"

Other websites 
 Lucifugum interview for Ophiolatry Zine (Russia) 
 Lucifugum at Metal Archives
 Lucifugum at Discogs
 Black metal label Propaganda (owned by Khlyst and Stabaath)
 Lucifugum biography @ Rockdetector
 Adipocere records
 BlackMetal.Com
 Drakkar productions

Black metal bands
Oshawa is a city of Ontario in Canada.  It can be found on the shores of Lake Ontario. Around 141,600 people were living in Oshawa as of 2006.

References

Other websites 
 City of Oshawa website

Cities in Ontario
Proposition 8 is an initiative passed in California on November 4, 2008 that banned same-sex marriage.  The measure passed by 52% to 48%. It changed California's Constitution by adding a section that says, "Only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognized in California."  The law was in response to a judge's ruling that gay marriage was legal under the California state Constitution.  The campaign to pass Proposition 8 was mostly paid for by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.

Proposition 8 is controversial and is being debated in court. On August 4, 2010, Judge Vaughn Walker in the United States District Court made a ruling that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional and should be overturned. This would make same-sex marriage legal again in California, however, Judge Walker issued a stay of execution, so that those in favor of Proposition 8 could legal appeal.

The appeal of the case went to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. On February 7, 2012, the judges in this court agreed with Judge Walker that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional. However they also issued a stay of execution, so that their ruling could be appealed to the United States Supreme Court.

Those in favor of Proposition 8 appealed to the Supreme Court on July 30, 2012. On December 7, 2012, the Supreme Court agreed to judge the case. The Supreme Court will issue a final ruling on the case in 2013.

There are several possible outcomes:
 The Supreme Court could agree with the lower courts, which would force Proposition 8 to be cancelled and would allow same-sex marriage to resume in California. 
 The Court could also disagree with the lower courts, in which case Proposition 8 would remain law. 
 The Court could rule that the supporters of Proposition 8 didn't have the right to bring the case to the Supreme Court, in which case the lower court ruling would stand, and Proposition 8 would also be overturned.

Depending on exactly how the Supreme Court rules, Proposition 8 could be overturned in California only, or all other laws against same-sex marriage in the United States could be overturned as well.

References 

United States law
Proposition 8
Same-sex marriage
2008 in the United States
David Archuleta is an American pop vocal artist. He was the runner-up of season 7 of American Idol. Archuleta was the runner-up of "American Idol" 2008. He had the singles "Crush", "A Little Too Not Over You", "Angels", and "Touch My Hand". He released the album David Archuleta in November 2008.

Discography

Albums
 2008 - David Archuleta
 2009 - Christmas from the Heart
 2010 - 'The Other Side of Down 2012 - Forevermore 2012 - Begin 2017 - Postcards in the Sky 2018 - Winter in the Air 2020 - Therapy Sessions''

Singles
 2008 - "Crush"
 2008 - "Angels" (Robbie Williams)
 2009 - "A Little Too Not Over You"
 2009 - "Touch My Hand"
 2009 - "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas"
 2010 - "Something 'Bout Love"
 2010 - "Elevator"
 2010 - "Falling Stars"
 2011 - "Wait"
 2012 - "Forevermore"
 2012 - "I'll Never Go"
 2012 - "Broken"
 2012 - "Everybody Hurts"
 2013 - "Rainbow (Remix)"
 2013 - "Don't Run Away"
 2014 - "Glorious"
 2015 - "The Prayer" (with Nathan Pacheco)
 2016 - "Numb"
 2016 - "My Little Prayer"
 2016 - "Mi Pequeña Oración (My Little Prayer)"
 2017 - "Up All Night"
 2017 - "Invincible"
 2018 - "Seasons" (featuring Madilyn Paige)
 2018 - "Christmas Every Day"
 2018 - "Winter in the Air"
 2019 - "Postcards in the Sky"
 2019 - "Paralyzed"
 2019 - "Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays"
 2020 - "OK, All Right"

Other Songs
 2008 - "Imagine" (John Lennon)
 2008 - "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" (Elton John)

1990 births
Living people
Singers from Utah
Singers from Florida
American Idol contestants
American Latter Day Saints
American R&B singers
American child singers
American composers
American musicians
American pop singers
American singer-songwriters
Scott Raynor (May 23, 1978) is an American drummer. He was Blink-182's drummer from 1992 to 1998, when he was told to leave the band. Now Raynor is a drummer for the bands Isinglass and One Track Mind.

When asked about being removed from Blink-182 in an interview, this is what Raynor said:

Discography

Blink-182 
 Flyswatter (1993)
 Demo #2 (1993)
 Short Bus (1994)
 Cheshire Cat (1994)
 Buddha Promo (1994)
 They Came to Conquer... Uranus (1995)
 Dude Ranch (1997)
Buddha (1998)

ISINGLASS 
 ISINGLASS(1999)
 New Millennium (2000)

One Track Mind 
 Music for Dummies (2003)

References 

1978 births
Living people
American drummers
American guitarists
American punk musicians
Musicians from California
The Czechoslovak government-in-exile (sometimes called officially as: provisional government of Czechoslovakia) was an informal name given to the Czechoslovak National Liberation Committee, first by British diplomatic recognition. The name was used by other World War II Allies as they followed the British in recognizing it. The Committee was originally created by the former Czechoslovak President, Edvard Beneš in Paris, France in October 1939. Unsuccessful negotiations with France for diplomatic status, as well as the impending Nazi occupation of France, forced the Committee to move to London in 1940. From there, it moved to Aston Abbots, Buckinghamshire in 1941, where it sought relative safety from the London Blitz.

It was the true government for Czechoslovakia throughout the Second World War. A specifically anti-Fascist government, it sought to reverse the Munich Agreement and the following German occupation of Czechoslovakia, and to return the Republic to its 1937 boundaries. Due to this it was considered, by those countries that recognized it, the legal continuation of the First Republic of Czechoslovakia.

References

Czechoslovakia
The Nellis Solar Power Plant was the largest solar power plant in North America when it was built in 2007. It is in Nellis Air Force Base in Clark County, Nevada.

References

Buildings and structures in Nevada
Solar power plants
Las Vegas, Nevada
2007 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Nevada
Wally Gator is a cartoon made by Hanna-Barbera.  It was first shown on television on September 3, 1962. The main character is an alligator named Wally. Wally lives in a zoo. He tends to run away from the zoo because he misses the swamp. However, Mr. Twiddle (the zookeeper) often captures Wally and brings him back to the zoo.

References

Hanna-Barbera characters
Animated characters
Animated television series
English-language television programs
1962 television series debuts
1963 television series endings
Elie Wiesel (; born Eliezer Wiesel on September 30, 1928 – July 2, 2016) was a Romanian-American Jewish writer, teacher, political activist, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize and Holocaust survivor.  His most well-known book is Night which is about his life in several concentration camps during the Holocaust. He was a humanitarian.  

Wiesel won the 1986 Nobel Peace Prize.  The Norwegian Nobel Committee praised his message "of peace, atonement and human dignity".

Wiesel died on July 2, 2016 at his home in Manhattan, aged 87.

Works
The Gates of the Forest 
Night

References 

1928 births
2016 deaths
American journalists
American Nobel Prize winners
American novelists
American political activists
Congressional Gold Medal recipients
Holocaust survivors
Jewish activists
Jewish American academics
Jewish American writers
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Romanian Jews
Romanian writers
Educators from New York City
Leaked in London is a live EP that was recorded by Fall Out Boy in 2007. The EP was made in response to their fourth album, Infinity on High, being leaked onto the internet three weeks before its actual release date. Those who bought Infinity On High could download Leaked In London from Fall Out Boy's website by using the CDPass software and inserting the Infinity On High CD into their computer.

Track listing 
All songs written by Fall Out Boy, except when noted.
 "Thriller" – 3:29
 ""The Take Over, the Breaks Over"" – 3:33
 "This Ain't a Scene, It's an Arms Race" – 3:32
 "I'm Like a Lawyer with the Way I'm Always Trying to Get You off (Me & You)" – 3:31
 "Hum Hallelujah" – 3:50 (Fall Out Boy, Cohen)
 "Golden" – 2:32
 "Thnks fr th Mmrs" – 3:23
 "Don't You Know Who I Think I Am?" – 2:51
 "The (After) Life of the Party" – 3:21
 "The Carpal Tunnel of Love" – 3:23 (Fall Out Boy, Eisold)
 "Bang the Doldrums" – 3:31
 "Fame < Infamy" – 3:06
 "You're Crashing, But You're No Wave" – 3:42
 "I've Got All This Ringing in My Ears and None on My Fingers" – 4:06

References 

Fall Out Boy albums
The pictorella mannikin (Heteromunia pectoralis) (also known as the pictorella munia or pictorella finch) is a species of bird in the family Estrildidae. They live in northern Australia, from the Fitzroy River in Western Australia, across the "Top End" of the Northern Territory, over to the Cape York Peninsula.

References

 
  (2007a): [ 2006-2007 Red List status changes  ]. Retrieved 2007-AUG-26.
  (2007b): Pictorella Munia - BirdLife Species Factsheet. Retrieved 2007-AUG-28.

Birds of Australia
Auerbach () is a town in the rural district Vogtlandkreis, in Saxony, Germany.

References

Other websites 

 

Vogtlandkreis Rural District
Borna () is a town in the rural district Leipzig, in Saxony, Germany. It is also the capital of this district. It is located about 25 km southeast of Leipzig.

References

Other websites
 Official website

 

Leipzig Rural District
Natasha Jane Richardson (11 May 1963 – 18 March 2009) was a Tony Award-winning English stage and movie actress.

Life and career 
Richardson was the daughter of actress Vanessa Redgrave and movie director and producer Tony Richardson. She was the granddaughter of Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson. In 1994, she married Liam Neeson. Together, they had two children, Micheal (born 1995) and Daniel (born 1996).

Early in her career she portrayed Mary Shelley and Patty Hearst in movies. She received critical acclaim and a Theatre World Award for her Broadway debut in the 1993 revival of Anna Christie. She won the Tony Award for "Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical", the Drama Desk Award for "Outstanding Actress in a Musical", and the Outer Critics Circle Award for her performance as Sally Bowles in the 1998 Broadway revival of Cabaret. 

Some of her best known movies included Nell (1994), The Parent Trap (1998 remake) and 
Maid in Manhattan (2002).

Death 
Richardson died in  a hospital in New York City on March 18, 2009. She did not recover from brain damage that happened in a skiing accident in Quebec, Canada. She was on vacation with her two sons.

References 

1963 births
2009 deaths
Accidental deaths in New York
Actors from London
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Skiing deaths
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Tony Award winning actors
Deaths from head injury
Beetlejuice is a 1988 American fantasy-comedy-horror movie directed by Tim Burton. The movie stars Alec Baldwin, Geena Davis, Winona Ryder and Michael Keaton as Beetlejuice.

Plot
Barbara (Geena Davis) and Adam (Alec Baldwin) Maitland decide to spend their holiday decorating their New England country home. Driving back from a trip to town, they crash the car and are killed. The story carries on with the couple going home as ghosts but they at first do not know that they are dead.

The couple's house is then sold and in move the new owners from New York City. The Deetzes, who are Charles (Jeffrey Jones) and his wife Delia (Catherine O'Hara), her friend Otho (Glenn Shadix) and Charles' goth daughter Lydia (Winona Ryder) from his first marriage. The new couple then start to make changes to the house which upsets the ghosts. The Maitlands'  then try to scare the new owners out of the house but they are not good at scaring people.

The ghosts can't be seen by anyone in the house other than by the daughter Lydia, with whom they become friends. They try to get a bad ghost to scare the new family out of the house and ask Beetlejuice to do it for them. But all he wants to do is marry Lydia so that he can come back to life.

Cast
 Alec Baldwin and Geena Davis as Adam and Barbara Maitland: A young, married couple who are killed in a car accident.
 Winona Ryder as Lydia Deetz: Daughter of Charles Deetz (Delia is actually her stepmother), a goth adolescent. She is the only one of the family who can see the Maitlands and quickly befriends them.
 Catherine O'Hara as Delia Deetz: Wife of Charles and stepmother to Lydia and a sculptor.
 Jeffrey Jones as Charles Deetz: A successful builder
 Glenn Shadix as Otho: Delia's friend and ghost expert 
 Sylvia Sidney as Juno: Social worker for the dead.
 Michael Keaton as Beetlejuice: The bad ghost in the movie.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 

1988 comedy movies
1980s black comedy movies
1980s fantasy movies
1988 horror movies
1980s ghost movies
1980s monster movies
American comedy movies
American fantasy movies
American ghost movies
American horror movies
American monster movies
Comedy horror movies
English-language movies
Haunted house movies
Movies directed by Tim Burton
Warner Bros. movies
Virginia Elizabeth "Geena" Davis (born January 21, 1956) is an Academy Award-, Golden Globe-winning and Emmy-nominated American actress, film producer, writer, former fashion model. Davis is also a member of Mensa International.

Personal life 
From 1982 until 1983, Davis was married to Richard Emmolo.

From 1987 until 1990, she was married to Jeff Goldblum.

From 1993 until 1998, she was married to Renny Harlin.

On September 1, 2001, she married Reza Jarrahy. They have three children, daughter Alizeh Keshvar Davis Jarrahy (born on April 10, 2002) and twin sons Kian William Davis Jarrahy and Kaiis Steven Davis Jerrahy (born on May 6, 2004).

Other websites 

 
 

1956 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
American movie actors
Models from Massachusetts
Actors from Massachusetts
Elisabeth Caroline Simms (born March 17, 1963 in southern Colorado), credited as Lise Simms, is an American actress, singer, and dancer.

Biography
Lise grew up in southern Colorado. Her parents are Bill and Jacque Simms and is the sixth of nine children. Her brother, Tom Simms, is a Spanish teacher at Centennial High School. Lise graduated from Centennial High School in 1981, and from Oklahoma State University in 1985.

Career

Broadway and theater
Lise began her acting career at age 13. She started doing Broadway after graduating from high school and starred in numerous plays such as Other People's Money, Mame, Can-Can, Sweet Charity, and Bye Bye Birdie during the 1980s. She was also a member of the original Los Angeles, California cast of Beauty and the Beast and toured around the world with A Chorus Line in 1986.

Television
Simms was the host of Style Network's Area. She had a recurring role on Sunset Beach, but is best known for her role as "Barbara Diffy", Phil's mom in the Disney Channel original series Phil of the Future, where she also played "The Timekeeper" in the episode "It's a Wonder-Phil Life". She had a recurring role as "Connie Wayne" in the soap opera The Young and the Restless, and made guest appearances on Friends, Providence, MADtv, 3rd Rock from the Sun, Star Trek: Voyager and many others. She performed for President Ronald Reagan in 1988's Great Performances at the White House series, which aired on PBS. 

Most recently, Simms can be seen as co-host and interior designer on Home & Garden Television's Desperate Spaces. Simms works with co-host and designer Daniel Kucan to decorate a room of a home in just two days and with only $2,500. They choose 1 room from 3 deserving rooms in need. Desperate Spaces premiered January 1, 2008. 

Simms had a guest spot on the February 3, 2009 episode of 90210 as Ty's mother, Louise Collins.

TV commercials
Simms has been in commercials for the game Jenga, the remedies Tums, Maalox, Advil, Bluefly, Post Cereal's Shredded Wheat, and Dairy Queen's "Moolate" shakes. At one time, she co-hosted an infomercial for Rug Doctor carpet cleaning products. Simms also hosted a infomercial for Franklin Wheel and won an Astrid Award. She had appeared in Disney Channel's Express Yourself segments with other Disney Channel stars.

Filmography
 Perry Mason: The Case of the Heartbroken Bride (1992) - Female guest.
 The Dentist (1996) - Paula Roberts.
 The Omega Code (1999) - Talk show reporter.
 Star Trek: Away Team (2001) - T'Andoria.
 Dragonfly (2002) - Nephrology desk nurse.
 Suits on the Loose (2006) - Christine.
 Snow Buddies (2008) - Meg.

Television roles
 Sunset Beach (1997) - Nurse Kathy Baker (1998).
 The Young and the Restless (1973) - Connie Wayne (1999).
 Area (2002) - Host.
 Phil of the Future (2004) - Barbara Diffy.
 Desperate Spaces (2008) - Host.

Guest appearances
 90210 (2009) - Louise Collins.
 iCarly (2008) - Mrs. Linda Peeloff.
 ER (2006) - Emcee.

American stage actors
American television actors
1963 births
Living people
Actors from Colorado
Crawford County is a county found in the state of Arkansas.  About 53,200 people were living in Crawford County as of 2000.

Cities and towns 
These are the cities and towns of Crawford County:

References

Other websites 
 Crawford County government's website

Arkansas counties
1820 establishments in Arkansas Territory
A medical abortion is an abortion where drugs are used to induce the abortion. In the 1970s, such abortions became an option to end the pregnancy during its first trimester.  The drugs most often used in 2009 are mifepristone and methotrexate, either alone or in combination with a prostaglandin.

References

Abortion