cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Madison Avenue is a north-south street in the borough of Manhattan in New York City (U.S.) which carries northbound one-way traffic. It runs from Madison Square (at 23rd Street) to the Madison Avenue Bridge across the Harlem River (at 138th Street). In doing so, it passes through Midtown Manhattan, the Upper East Side (including Carnegie Hill), Spanish Harlem, and Harlem. It is named after Madison Square, which is itself named after James Madison, the fourth President of the United States. Since the 1920s, the street's name has been synonymous with the American advertising industry.

Madison Avenue was not part of the original New York City street grid established in the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, and was carved between Park Avenue (formerly Fourth) and Fifth Avenue in 1836, due to the effort of lawyer and real estate developer Samuel B. Ruggles. Ruggles was a graduate of Yale University who had previously purchased and developed New York's Gramercy Park in 1831, who was in part responsible for the development of Union Square and who also named Lexington Avenue.

Traffic
Madison Avenue carries one-way traffic uptown (northbound) from 23rd Street to 135th Street, with the change from two-way traffic having taken place on January 14, 1966, at which time Fifth Avenue was changed to one way downtown (southbound).

One lane of Madison Avenue in Midtown is limited to turns made by city buses or taxicabs, at some hours of the day. Based on Section 4-12(m) of the New York City Traffic Rules, driving a vehicle, other than a bus, is prohibited in the bus lane on Madison Avenue to turn right during the restricted hours specified by sign between 42nd Street and 59th Street. All vehicles are allowed at 60th Street, but a taxicab carrying a passenger may use the bus lane to turn right at 46th Street.

Advertising industry
The term "Madison Avenue" is often used to mean "advertising". Madison Avenue became identified with the advertising industry after the quick growth along the avenue during the 1920s.

According to The Emergence of Advertising in America, by the year 1861 there were twenty advertising agencies in New York City. In 1911, the New York City Association of Advertising Agencies was founded, as years ahead of the establishment of the American Association of Advertising Agencies.

Among various depictions in popular culture, the portion of the advertising industry which centers on Madison Avenue serves as a backdrop for the AMC television drama Mad Men, which focuses on industry activities during the 1960s.

Late in the 20th century, many agencies left Madison Avenue. Some moved further downtown and others moved west. Today, only a few agencies are still located in the old business cluster on Madison Avenue, including Young & Rubicam, StrawberryFrog, TBWA Worldwide and Doyle Dane Bernbach. However, the term is still used to describe the agency business as a whole and the large, New York–based agencies in particular.

References

Roads in New York City
Icknield Street or Ryknild Street is a Roman road in Britain that runs from the Fosse Way at Bourton on the Water in Gloucestershire to Templeborough in South Yorkshire. It passes through Alcester, Birmingham, Lichfield and Derby.

Four Roman roads are named in the Laws of Edward the Confessor; Watling Street, Ermine Street, the Fosse Way and Hikenild (or Icknield) Street. Hikenild Street, is generally supposed to be connected with the Iceni. Various forms of the name, the earliest, in Anglo-Saxon, are Icenhilde Weg or Icenilde We. These roads are from the borders of Norfolk through Cambridgeshire, Bucks, Berks, Hants, and Wilts into Dorset. These locations however would identify the path as Icknield Way, an Iron Age trackway running from Norfolk to Dorset. 

This road got the name Ryknild Street during the 12th century when it was named by Ranulf Higdon, a monk writing in 1344 in his Polychronicon. Higdon, gives the name of the fourth road as Rikenild Strete, which, he says, tends from the south-west to the north, and begins at St. David's and continues to the mouth of the Tyne, passing Worcester, Droitwich, Birmingham, Lichfield, Derby, and Chesterfield. It has borne that name, or Rigning, Reenald, or Rignall, from early times. In three of the four MSS. of Higdon, the name is given Rikenilde, Rikenyldes, and in the fourth, which is said to be one of the earliest, Hikenil Street. Trevisa's English translation (1387) calls it Rykeneldes Street. Harverfield writing in the Victoria County History of Warwickshire doubted if the road had any real and original right to either name, preferring Ryknild as no less correct, (or no more wrong) and being able to separate it from Icknield Street in Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It is now called Icknield or Ryknild Street to separate it from the older Icknield Way. A kept part of the Roman road can be seen at Sutton Park in Birmingham.

References 
Birmingham Roman Roads Project 
Metchley Fort, Birmingham 
Derby City Council list of Scheduled Ancient Monuments 
Full text of Roman Roads in Britain, Thomas Codrington
An History of Birmingham (1783) by William Hutton at Project Gutenberg

Archaeological sites in England
Roman roads in Britain
Francis Octavius Grenfell, VC (4 September 1880 - 24 May 1915) was an English soldier of British Army. He received the Victoria Cross. The cross is the highest award for bravery against the enemy, and can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Family
Grenfell was born on 4 September 1880. His parents were Sophia and Pascoe Du Pré Grenfell. He was one of fifteen children. He had a twin brother, Riversdale Grenfell. He was also in the 9th Lancers and killed in action in September 1914. Admiral John Pascoe Grenfell was their grandfather. Field Marshal Francis Grenfell, 1st Baron Grenfell was their uncle. An older brother, Lieutenant Robert Septimus Grenfell, 21st Lancers, was killed in a cavalry charge during the Battle of Omdurman in 1898. Three other brothers, Cecil Grenfell, Howard Maxwell Grenfell and Arthur Morton Grenfell all reached the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the British Army. A cousin, Lieutenant Claude George Grenfell was killed at Spion Kop during the Boer War. Two other cousins Julian Grenfell (the poet) and his brother Gerald William Grenfell were killed in the First World War.

Grenfell was a representative cricket player at Eton collage. He joined the army in 1900 and first served in the Second Boer War in the King's Royal Rifle Corps.

Victoria Cross

Later, he served in First World War in the 9th Lancers, British Army. He was 33 years old and a Captain, when he was awarded the VC for the following brave deed.

On 24 August 1914 at Audregnies, Belgium, Captain Grenfell rode with the regiment in a charge against a large body of unbroken German infantry. Damages of friendly army were so heavy, and Grenfell was left as the senior officer. When he was reorganizing the regiment behind a railway bank, he was twice hit and severely wounded. But once he was asked to save the guns by Major Ernest Wright Alexander of the 119th Battery, Royal Field Artillery, Grenfell and some volunteers helped to push the guns out of range of enemy fire, under a shower of bullets.
London Gazette on 16 September 1914 wrote as follows:

He was killed in action on 24 May 1915 and is buried in the Vlamertinghe Military Cemetery.

Legacy
His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Regimental Museum of the 9th/12th Royal Lancers housed in Derby Museum and Art Gallery, Derby, England.

Polo 
All nine of the Grenfell brothers were expert polo players. Francis and his brother Riversdale Grenfell were regarded as the best in the family. Francis was rated at an 8 goal handicap. The twin brothers were on the Ranelagh team that won the American Open. And they were on the team Freebooters, alongside Leopold Christian Duncan Jenner and the Duke of Roxburghe, that won the Hurlingham Champion Cup.

References

Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
VCs of the First World War - 1914 (Gerald Gliddon, 1994)

Other websites 
 - (biography)

1880 births
1915 deaths
People from Surrey
Twin people from the United Kingdom
Sudan was first at the Olympic Games in 1960.  They have been in most Summer Olympic Games since then.  The nation did not attend the 1964 Games, boycotted the 1976 Summer Olympics along with most African nations, and boycotted the 1980 Summer Olympics.  The nation has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Sudan was formed in 1956 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1959.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 
 Sudan profile at London2012.com

Sudan
Nations at the Olympics
Eswatini (formerly known as Swaziland) was first at the Olympic Games in 1972. They missed the next two games but returned for the 1984 games in Los Angeles. They have been in all games since then. They were in the 1992 Winter Olympics.

Swaziland has been represented by the Eswatini Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association since 1972.

Swaziland has never won a medal.

Olympic table Summer

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

 Swaziland profile at London2012.com

Eswatini
Nations at the Olympics
Tanzania was first at the Olympic Games in 1964.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the boycotted 1976 Games.  The nation has been in the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Tanzania was formed in 1968 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee that same year.

List of medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 
  United Republic of Tanzania profile at London2012.com
 

Tanzania
Nations at the Olympics
Togo has been to every Summer Olympic Games held since 1972 except for 1976 and 1980.  No athletes from Togo have been in any Winter Olympic Games.

List of medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
  Togo profile at London2012.com

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
Tunisia was first at the Olympic Games in 1960.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Tunisia has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Tunisia was formed in 1957.

List of medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 
  Tunisia profile at London2012.com

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
Uganda was first at the Olympic Games in 1956.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the boycotted 1976 Summer Olympics.  Uganda has never been at the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Uganda was formed in 1950 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1956.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 
  Uganda profile at London2012.com

Uganda
Nations at the Olympics
Zambia has been in 10 Summer Olympic Games. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games. They competed before as Northern Rhodesia.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 
  Zambia profile at London2012.com

Zambia
Nations at the Olympics
Zimbabwe was first at the Olympic Games in 1980.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then.  The nation has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Zimbabwe was formed in 1934 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1980.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes
 Rhodesia at the Olympics

References

Other websites
 
  Zimbabwe profile at London2012.com

Sport in Zimbabwe
Nations at the Olympics
Rhodesia at the Olympics is a history which began in 1928. 

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Rhodesia is RHO.

History
A team from Rhodesia was first in the Olympic Games in 1928. They were also at the 1960 Summer Olympics and 1964 Summer Olympics. The country always competed as a British territory. It was unable to be in the 1968 Games in Mexico. 

Following Ian Smith's declaration of an independent Rhodesian republic in 1970, they never competed again. In 1972 Rhodesia was expelled by the International Olympic Committee four days before the opening ceremony.  This was due to pressure from other African countries, which did not recognise the legitimacy of the Rhodesian state. The country's successor state, Zimbabwe, made its Olympic début in 1980.

Rhodesia was never in the Winter Olympics. No Rhodesian athlete ever won an Olympic medal.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes
 Zimbabwe at the Olympics

References

Former nations at the Olympics
Sport in Zimbabwe
Antigua and Barbuda were first at the Olympic Games in 1976.  They have been in each Games since then, missing only the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics.  They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

The Antigua and Barbuda Olympic Association was formed in 1966 after the end of the West Indies Federation in 1962, and recognized in 1976.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Flagbearers

References

Other websites 
 Antigua and Barbuda profile at London2012.com

Antigua and Barbuda
Nations at the Olympics
Argentina was first at the Olympic Games in 1900.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Argentina is ARG.

History
Argentine athletes have won a total of 66 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, mostly in boxing.  The nation has not won any medals at the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Argentina was formed and recognized in 1923.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites

 
 Argentina profile at London2012.com

Sport in Argentina
Nations at the Olympics
Aruba was first at the Olympic Games in 1988.  They have been in each Summer Olympic Games since then.  Aruba has not won an Olympic medal. Aruba has not been in any Winter Olympic Games.

Previously Aruba competed under Netherlands Antilles, Kingdom of the Netherlands between 1952 until 1984. Aruba became a separate region of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1986.

The National Olympic Committee for Aruba was formed in 1985 and recognized in 1986.

Olympic games

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes
Netherlands Antilles at the Olympics

References

Other websites 
 Aruba profile at London2012.com

Aruba
Nations at the Olympics
The Bahamas were first at the Olympic Games in 1952.  

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for the Bahamas is BAH.

History
Athletes from the Bahamas have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics.  The nation has not been in any Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Bahamas is the Bahamas Olympic Association, and was formed in 1952.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Bahamas profile at London2012.com
 Bahamas at Olympic.org

The Bahamas
Nations at the Olympics
Barbados was first at the Summer Olympic Games in 1968.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Barbados  was BAD.  It is now is BAR.

History
Athletes from Barbados have been in each Games since then, missing only the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics. The country's only Olympic medal is a bronze won by sprinter Obadele Thompson at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

Barbados was part of the West Indies Federation in 1960. Barbadian athlete James Wedderburn was part of the 4 × 400 m relay team which won the bronze medal that year.

Barbados has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

Medals

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Barbados profile at London2012.com

Sport in Barbados
Nations at the Olympics
Belize was first at the Olympic Games in 1968.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics.  The nation has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.  From 1968 to 1972, Belize was known by its colonial name of British Honduras.

As of 2011, no athlete from Belize has ever won an Olympic medal.

The National Olympic Committee for Belize was formed in 1967 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee that same year.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Belize profile at London2012.com
 Belize at Olympics.org

Sport in Belize
Nations at the Olympics
Bermuda was first at the Olympic Games in 1936.  

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Bermuda is BER.

History
Athletes from Bermuda have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then except the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics. Bermuda has also been in every Winter Olympic Games since 1992.

As of 2011, Clarence Hill is the only Bermudian to win an Olympic medal. This makes Bermuda the least populated nation [53,500 in 1976] in Olympic history to win a medal at the Summer Olympics.

The National Olympic Committee for Bermuda was formed in 1935 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1936.

List of medalists

Olympic Medal table (Summer)

Olympic medal table (Winter)

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Bermuda profile at London2012.com
 Bermuda at Olympic.org

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Bermuda
The Nissan Qashqai is a car produced by Nissan Motor Company. It replaced the models Nissan Almera, Nissan Primera and Nissan Terrano II in 2007. The model is produced in Sunderland in the UK and is a popular car there, it was facelifted in 2010 and entered its second generation in 2014.  The third generation hits the market in 2021.

Engines 
 1.6 84 kW (114 hp) and 86 kW (117 hp)
 2.0 104 kW (141 hp)
 1.5 dCi 76 kW (103 hp) and 81 kW (110 hp)
 2.0 dCi 110 kW (150 hp)

Qashqai
Front wheel drive vehicles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Bolivia was first at the Olympic Games in 1936.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Bolivia is BOL.

History
Athletes from Bolivia have been in every Summer Olympic Games since 1964, except the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics.  The nation has also been in the Winter Olympic Games on several occasions since 1956, but not since 1992.

As of 2011, no athlete from Bolivia has won an Olympic medal.  The National Sub-15 Football team won a gold medal at the Youth Olympic Games in Singapore 2010.

The National Olympic Committee for Bolivia was formed in 1932 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1936.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Bolivia profile at London2012.com
 BOlivia at Olympic.org

Bolivia
Nations at the Olympics
The Nissan Note  is a car produced by Nissan Motor Company. It replaced the Nissan Almera Tino in 2005.

First generation

Engines 
 1.4 65 kW (88 hp)
 1.5 80 kW (109 hp)
 1.6 81 kW (110 hp)
 1.5 dCi 50 kW (68 hp)
 1.5 dCi 63 kW (86 hp)
 1.5 dCi 66 kW (90 hp)
 1.5 dCi 76 kW (103 hp)

Second generation/Versa Note

Engines 
 1,2 L HR12DE l3 58 KW (79 hp)
 1,2 L HR12DDR I3 72 KW (98 hp)
 1,5 L K9K dCi l4 
 1,6 L HR16DE l4 82 KW (111 hp) (Versa Note)

Other websites 

Note
Front wheel drive vehicles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Brazil was first at the Olympic Games in 1920.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Brazil is BRA.

History
Athletes from Brazil have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except the 1928 Games.  Brazil has been in the Winter Olympic Games since 1992.

Brazilian athletes have won a total of 108 medals, with volleyball, sailing and judo as the top medal-producing sports.

The National Olympic Committee for Brazil was formed in 1914 and recognized in 1935. Brazil won the rights to host the 2016 Olympics in the city of Rio de Janerio.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

  Brazil profile at London2012.com
 Brazil at Olympic.org

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
The British Virgin Islands has been in every Summer Olympic Games since 1984. They have never won a medal.  They have never been in the Winter Olympics.

Summary

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Virgin Islands, British profile at London2012.com

British Virgin Islands
Nations at the Olympics
Canada has been to every Winter Olympic Games and almost every Summer Olympic Games.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Canada is CAN.

History
A Canadian team was not at the 1896 Summer Olympics and the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics. Canada has won at least one medal at every Olympics.  The Canadian Olympic Committee (COC) is the National Olympic Committee for Canada.

Canada set a gold medals record in a single Winter Olympics during the 2010 Winter Olympics, which they hosted in Vancouver.

Hosting the Games
Canada has hosted the Games three times.

Medals

Hockey
Hockey has been Canada's best medal earning sport, along with curling. They have competed at every tournament in both sports.

M = Men's W= Women's B = Both

Records
In 2008, Equestrian show jumper Ian Millar was at his ninth Summer Olympics, tying the record for most Olympic games participated in set by Austrian sailor Hubert Raudaschl between 1964 and 1996. Millar was selected for ten straight Olympic teams, but was not at the 1980 Summer Olympics. In 2008 Millar won his first medal, a silver medal in the team jumping event.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

 Canada profile at London2012.com
 Canadian Medals by Olympic Games 
 CBC Digital Archives - Gold Medal Athletes - 1948-1968
 CBC Digital Archives - Cold Gold: Canada's Winter Winners 1984–2002
 Most Canadian Olympic Medals 

Sport in Canada
Nations at the Olympics
The Cayman Islands were first at the Olympic Games in 1976.  They have been in each Games since, missing the 1980 Summer Olympics.  The Cayman Islands have not won an Olympic medal.

After Jamaican independence in 1962, the Cayman Islands became a separate British Overseas Territory. The Cayman Islands Olympic Committee was formed in 1973 and recognized in 1976.

The first time the Cayman Islands competed in any Winter Olympic Games was at the 2010 Winter Olympics.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Cayman Islands profile at London2012.com

Cayman Islands
Nations at the Olympics
Chile was first at the Olympic Games at the first 1896 Summer Olympics.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Chile is CHI.

History
A team from Chile has been in most Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games.

Chilean athletes have won a total of thirteen medals, with tennis as the top medal-producing sport.

The National Olympic Committee for Chile was formed in 1934.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Chile profile at London2012.com
 Chile at Olympic.org

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
The Mississippi Valley is a place in North America.  It is part of the Mississippi River watershed, meaning that the rain that falls in the Mississippi Valley flows to the Mississippi River.  It is in the middle of what is today the mainland United States.

Geology

During the last glacial era, large walls of ice dropped sediment, which is rocks and dirt, onto the land.  This became sedimentary rock.  This rock is softer than the other two main types of rock.  Sedimentary rock forms in layers.  When the Mississippi River began to flow, it washed away parts of the rock.  So there are places in the northern valley with tall bluffs, places where the river water cut some of the rock away.  People can see the layers in the bluffs.  Some of them are 400 feet tall.  In the places where the ground was made of harder sedimentary rock, for example limestone and dolomite, the cliffs are steep.  In the places where the ground was made of softer sedimentary rock, for example shale and sandstone, the cliffs are gentle.

Other parts of the Mississippi Valley are flood plain.

People

Many Native Americans lived in the Mississippi Valley, including the Mississippian culture, which is named after the valley.  Many of these Native Americans practiced agriculture, meaning that they built farms and grew food.  Some of these Native Americans built large towns with earthworks and wooden fences and buildings.  But many of them caught European diseases and died.  By the time historians came to the towns, many of the buildings were gone.

The first Europeans to write about the Mississippi Valley was Hernando De Soto in 1541.

The Mississippi Valley became part of the United States in 1803.  This was the Louisiana Purchase.

References 

Valleys
Geography of the United States
Miguel Angel Montero (born July 9, 1983 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan professional baseball player. He currently plays as a catcher for the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has also played for the Arizona Diamondbacks from 2006 until 2014. He debuted for the Diamondbacks on September 6, 2006 in a game against the Florida Marlins.

On December 9, 2014, the Diamondbacks traded Montero to the Chicago Cubs in exchange for minor leaguers Jeferson Mejia and Zack Godley.

References

Other websites

1987 births
Arizona Diamondbacks players
Chicago Cubs players
Living people
National League All-Stars
People from Caracas
Venezuelan baseball players
The Dreamers is a 2003 French romantic drama movie about an American university student, Matthew (played by Michael Pitt), who visits Paris in 1968. He meets local twins Isabelle and Theo (Eva Green and Louis Garrel) who are in an incestuous relationship. He stays with them and has a sexual relationship with Isabelle. All three join a student-led ant-government rebellion. The movie was controversial in the United States for depictions of sexual content. Due to this, The Dreamers was rated NC-17. The movie was released in 2004 in the United States. The movie also exists under an R rated edited version, alongside the NC-17 version.

Sources

Other websites 

2003 drama movies
2003 romance movies
2000s romantic drama movies
British romantic drama movies
English-language movies
French drama movies
French-language movies
French romance movies
Incest in movies
Italian drama movies
Italian romance movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Paris
Movies set in the 1960s
NC-17 rated movies
Movies directed by Bernardo Bertolucci
The Herero language (Herero: Otjiherero) is a Bantu language of the Niger-Congo group. It is spoken by the Herero people in Namibia and Botswana. There are about 237,000 Herero speakers in both countries, 206,000 in Namibia and the rest in Botswana. 

The language is spoken in an area called Hereroland. This area includes the regions of Omaheke, Otjozondjupa, and Kunene. The Himba people, who are related to the Herero people, speak a dialect that is very close to Herero. A large minority of people in Windhoek (the capital of Namibia) speak Herero.

The Herero language is written in the Latin alphabet. The first written work in Herero was a translation of the Bible by missionary Gottlieb Viehe (1839-1901). Father Peter Heinrich Brincker (1836-1904), another missionary, translated several religious works and songs into Herero.

Herero is taught in Namibian schools and at the University of Namibia. It is one of the six minority languages used in broadcasts by the Namibian State Radio (NBC). Gamsberg Macmillan, , has published the only dictionary in Herero.

Bibliography
 Brincker, Peter Heinrich (1886, 1964). Wörterbuch und kurzgefasste Grammatik des Otji-Herero. Leipzig (reprint 1964 Ridgwood, NJ: The Gregg Press).
 Hahn, C. Hugo (1857). Grundzüge einer Grammatik des Hereró. Berlin: Verlag von Wilhelm Hertz.
 Lutz, Marten (2006). "Locative inversion in Otjiherero: more on morpho-syntactic variation in Bantu." In: Laura Downing, Lutz Marten & Sabine Zerbian (eds.), Papers in Bantu Grammar, ZAS Papers in Linguistics 43, 97—122.
 Marten, Lutz & Nancy C. Kula (2007). "Morphosyntactic co-variation in Bantu: two case studies." SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics 15.227-238.
 Möhlig, Wilhelm, Lutz Marten & Jekura U. Kavari (2002). A Grammatical Sketch of Herero (Otjiherero). Köln: Köppe (Grammatische Analysen afrikanischer Sprachen; v.19).

References

Other websites

Bantu languages
Yash Raj Chopra (, 27 September 1932 - 21 October, 2012) is an Indian filmmaker, screenwriter, and a highly successful Bollywood producer. Some of his successful movies are : Waqt , Deewaar, Kabhi Kabhie, Silsila, Lamhe, Chandni, Darr, Dil To Pagal Hai, and Veer-Zaara. He is also the founder of Yash Raj Films.

About
Yash Chopra is undoubtedly India's most successful filmmaker. With a career spanning over five decades, he has been associated with almost 35 films, most of which have created box-office history.

He started out as an assistant to his brother and went on to direct 5 very successful films for his brother’s banner - B.R.Films. These were Dhool Ka Phool (1959), Dharmputra (1961), Waqt (1965), Ittefaq (1969) & Aadmi Aur Insaan (1969). He has wielded the baton, additionally, for 4 films made by other film companies - Joshila (1973), Deewaar (1975), Trishul (1978) & Parampara (1993). But his greatest repertoire of work has been around 30 films made under the auspices of his own company, YASH RAJ FILMS. Out of these, he has directed 12 films himself, while the others have been directed by younger directors – under his supervision and administrative acumen as one of India’s greatest producers.

Career
Yash worked as an assistant for I. S. Chopra and later he was working for his brother, who was also in the movie industry, Baldev R. Chopra. Baldev provided Yash an opportunity to direct his first movie which was named as Dhool Ka Phool and was released in 1959. Yash later set up his own company under the name Yash Raj Films and the first movie to be released under this company was Daag in 1973.

Yash has produced more than 45 movies and has directed more than 20 movies, thus making him one of the most successful filmmaker/producer in India.

Awards

Filmfare Awards

National Film Awards

References

Other websites

Yash Chopra at timesofindia.com
Yash Chopra  at ApunkaChoice.com

Indian movie directors
Deaths from multiple organ failure
1932 births
2012 deaths
"Brian Finn" redirects here. For the fictional New Zealand police officer, see Shark in the Park.

Brian Timothy "Tim" Finn, OBE (born 25 June 1952) is a singer-songwriter born in New Zealand. Finn is most known for his music with his band Split Enz. He has released solo albums, and was member of his brother Neil's band Crowded House. He also released albums with Neil as the Finn Brothers.

History

Tim Finn was born in Te Awamutu, New Zealand. He went to Sacred Heart College, Auckland, a Catholic boarding school. In 1971 he completed a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Auckland. It is there that he met Mike Chunn, Robert Gillies, Philip Judd and Noel Crombie. Phil and Tim formed a band called Split Ends, which became Split Enz before they started to tour Australia.

Finn recorded his first solo album, Escapade, in 1983. This album was very successful in Australia and New Zealand. Because of this, he decided to leave Split Enz in 1984. The band broke up. In early 1985, Tim moved to London. His second album Big Canoe was not as successful as the first album. He also wrote some music for movies, and acted in a few movies. His role in The Coca-Cola Kid was about five minutes long. He had a bigger role in the movie La Donna della Luna (The Moon Woman).

In late 1989, he went to live in Melbourne. He recorded his third album, Tim Finn. In early 1990 he joined Crowded House, the group Neil had formed after Split Enz split up. The band recorded Woodface with him. He left Crowded House after the album. Because of their success, Tim Finn and Neil Finn were made OBE for services to New Zealand music in the 1993 Queen's Birthday Honours List.

The album Finn was released in 1995. This was an album made by Neil and Tim as the Finn Brothers. Also in 1995, Finn worked with singers Andy White and Liam Ó Maonlaí. They formed the band ALT. They released the album Altitude.

In 2000, the album Together in Concert: Live was recorded featuring Finn, and New Zealand artists Bic Runga, and Dave Dobbyn. The concerts and album have all three musicians singing and playing on each other's songs.

In 2004, the Finn brothers released their second album together, titled, Everyone Is Here.

Tim has released Imaginary Kingdom in 2006, The Conversation in 2008. He has collaborated on the Seven Worlds Collide projects in 2004 and 2009 with his brother Neil, and artists like Eddie Vedder. In 2009 North, South, East, West..., a best of was released.

Personal life
Finn married the television presenter Marie Azcona, formerly of MTV and TVNZ One's Music Week. They have worked together on several songs, some of which are featured on Steel City soundtrack. Finn and Azcona have two children; a son, Harper, and a daughter, Elliott.

Discography
This discography relates to releases by Tim Finn only. See Finn Brothers' discography, Crowded House discography and Split Enz discography for other related works.

Singles

References

Books

Other websites 

 
 
 Official site  (offline)
 Tim Finn's MySpace site
 Fanclub endorsed site
 Australian Record Company site

1952 births
Living people
New Zealand singers
This list of Manhattan neighborhoods has all areas in the Manhattan borough of New York City (U.S.). The list is arranged, by neighborhood location, from north to south on the island (use browser "find" button to search for a name).

Please note the following general definitions:

Uptown Manhattan refers to the area above 59th Street;Upper Manhattan refers to the area above 96th Street.
Downtown Manhattan refers to the area below 14th Street;Lower Manhattan refers to the area below Chambers Street.
Midtown Manhattan refers to the area between 34th Street and 59th Street.
East Side refers to the area east of Fifth Avenue.
West Side refers to the area west of Fifth Avenue.

Neighborhood names and boundaries are not officially defined. They may change, from time to time.

Uptown Neighborhoods

Midtown Neighborhoods

Neighborhoods between Midtown and Downtown

†Large scale developments

Downtown Neighborhoods

†Large scale developments

Islands
Roosevelt Island
Liberty Island
Ellis Island
Governors Island
Randall's Island
Wards Island

Related pages
List of Brooklyn neighborhoods
List of Bronx neighborhoods
List of Queens neighborhoods
List of Staten Island neighborhoods

Other websites

Neighborhood Map from NYC Department of City Planning 

neighborhoods
New York-related lists
Neighborhoods of New York City
Claudio Marchisio (born 19 January, 1986) is an Italian football player. He plays for Juventus and Italy national team.

Career statistics

1986 births
Living people
Italian footballers
People from Turin
The Financial Services Authority (FSA) is a group who regulate banks and other financial companies in the United Kingdom. Its board is appointed by the Treasury and the organisation is structured as a company limited by guarantee and owned by the UK government. Its main office is based in Canary Wharf, London, with another office in Edinburgh. When acting as the competent authority for listing of shares on a stock exchange, it is referred to as the UK Listing Authority (UKLA).

The FSA's Chairman and CEO are Lord Turner of Ecchinswell and Hector Sants.

On June 16, 2010, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, announced plans to abolish the FSA and separate its responsibilities between a number of new agencies and the Bank of England.

References

Finance
Government agencies of the United Kingdom
Mike Connors (born Krekor J. Ohanian; August 15, 1925 – January 26, 2017) was an American actor.

Career 
Born in Fresno, California, U.S., he began his career with the stage name Touch Connors, playing small roles in movies such as Sudden Fear (1951) with Joan Crawford and Island in the Sky (1953) with John Wayne. He then starred in four movies of filmmaker Roger Corman: Five Guns West (1955), Day the World Ended (1955), The Oklahoma Woman (1956), Swamp Women (1956). Connors also played the role of "Amalekite herder", in The Ten Commandments (1956). He also starred in some low-budget movies like Voodoo Woman (1957) and Suicide Battalion (1958), both directed by Edward L. Cahn. In 1966, Mike Connors starred in the western Stagecoach directed by Gordon Douglas. In the 1970s and 1980s, Connors was working exclusively for television, with the exceptions of movies Avalanche Express (1979) Nightkill (1980), and Too Scared to Scream (1985) directed by Toby Lo Bianco, Connors plays the role of Lt. Alex Dinardo, who must investigate a series of crimes that occurred in luxurious buildings in New York City. His last films were Downtown Heat (1994) and Gideon (1999)

Television 
In 1959 Mike Connors starring in a new TV series called Tightrope, playing police agent Nick Stone, who must infiltrate organized crime. 37 episodes were filmed in black and white between 1959 and 1960. Mike Connors was the star of Mannix, one of the most famous TV detective series of all time. Connors played the role of detective Joe Mannix, who in the first episodes was accompanied by Joseph Campanella as Lew Wickersham. The second season featured Gail Fisher as Mannix's secretary Peggy, Ward Wood as Lt. Art Malcolm and Robert Reed as Lt. Adam Tobias. He played Mannix between 1967 and 1975. Connors was nominated four times for an Emmy Award, and was also nominated for six Golden Globes awards, winning one of them in 1970. 

He also starred in films for television such as Revenge for a Rape (1976), he plays Travis Green a man seeking revenge for the rape of his wife, and High Midnight (1979), he is Capt. Lou Mikalich, a corrupt cop who makes a mistake in a raid and killed the family, decides to plant drugs on an innocent. He has been involved in episodes of television series like Cheyenne (1958), Lawman (1958), Mike Hammer (1959), The Untouchables (1962), Perry Mason (1964), Police Story (1977), Walker, Texas Ranger (1998) and Two and a Half Men (2007).

Personal life and death 
Connors married Mary Lou Willey in 1949. Together they had a son, Matthew Gunner Ohanian, and a daughter, Dana Lou Connors.

Connors died from leukemia on January 26, 2017 in Tarzana, California. He was 91.

References 

Eye on Science Fiction: 20 Interviews with Classic SF and Horror Filmmakers by Tom Weaver
Encyclopedia of Television Series, Pilots and Specials: 1974-1984, by Vincent Terrace

Other websites 

1925 births
2017 deaths
Actors from Fresno County, California
American movie actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles County, California
Deaths from leukemia
People from Fresno, California
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Secobarbital sodium (sold as Seconal) is a drug which is used to treat epilepsy and insomnia.  Trade names include Seconal and reds. It was first synthesised in 1928. Like other barbiturates, it is fairly addictive. In many countries, using this drug is illegal, outside the medical context. Today, this drug is only used rarely; Barbiturates have been replaced by Benzodiazepine for many applications. 

Drugs
Botulism is a rare disease caused by a bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. You can get it from eating meat that is not cooked properly. Babies can get it as well as adults.
Symptoms include fever, vomiting, difficulty talking and weakness of the facial muscles. Botulism toxin is a major ingredient in botox, a gel that relaxes the facial muscles to make people look younger. 

Botulism is caused by a species of Clostridium, C. botulinum. It is transmitted through food containing endospores or through a wound. The most potent neurotoxin known is produced when the bacteria is exposed to low oxygen and body temperature. Foods which have been improperly canned are responsible for 90% of the cases of botulism. Natural, unpasteurized honey has been known to transmit infection and intoxication with the pathogen and the neurotoxin. Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease causing a flaccid paralysis; the neurotoxin blocks neurotransmitters. This results in an inability to contract muscles. The neurotoxin has been used medically in the management of severe pain by anaesthetists and also cosmetically to reduce wrinkles.

 

Diseases caused by bacteria
Clostridium
Northern Ndebele () is an African language. It is also called Sindebele, Zimbabwean Ndebele or North Ndebele, and formerly known as Matabele. It is part of the Nguni group
of Bantu languages. It is spoken by the amaNdebele, Ndebele and Matabele people of Zimbabwe. It is also known as siNdebele or simply Ndebele.

Ndebele is related to the Zulu language spoken in South Africa. The Ndebele people of Zimbabwe are descended from followers of the Zulu leader Mzilikazi. Mzilikazi and his people left kwaZulu in the early 1800s during the Mfecane. They travelled North, past what is now Gauteng, Mpumalanga and Limpopo, in South Africa, and into Zimbabwe and Botswana. There are Sindebele speakers in many places in Southern Africa.

The Northern Ndebele language and the Southern Ndebele language are not two variations of the same language. Both are Bantu languages, but Northern Ndebele is very similar to Zulu. The Southern Ndebele language has similarities to the Sotho and Tswana languages.

Pronunciation 

It is relatively easy to pronounce Ndebele words because the vowel sounds are constant. (That is, each vowel has basically one sound.) The accent is usually on the second-to-last syllable.

Vowels 
The vowels are a, e, i, o, and u. They are pronounced like so:

Click sounds
In Ndebele, there are three click sounds. They are shown with the letters c, q and x.

c is made by placing the tip of the tongue against the front upper teeth and gums, the centre of the tongue is pressed down and the tip of the tongue is moved backwards. The resulting sound is like the sound used in English to express annoyance, called a "clucking sound." Some words with this sound are  (end), and  (ask)

The q sound is made by raising the back of the tongue to touch the soft palate and touching the gums with the sides and tip of the tongue. The centre of the tongue is pressed down and the tip moved quickly away from the gum. The resulting sound is like the "pop" heard when quickly removing a cork from a bottle. Some words with this sound are  (start) and  (finish).

The x sound is made by placing the tongue so that the back of the tongue touches the soft palate and the sides and tip of the tongue touch the gums. One side of the tongue is quickly pulled away from the gums. Some words with this sound are  (discuss) and  (frog).

Basic phrases 
These are basic phrases in Ndebele.

Related pages
 Zulu language

References

Other websites
 Northern Ndebele Blog
 "Northern Ndebele for Beginners"
 
 
 
 

Bantu languages
Botswana
Zimbabwe
In nutrition, diet is the sum of food that is eaten by a person or another organism. Dietary habits are the usual decisions someone or a culture makes when choosing what foods to eat. 

In discussing diet, the key issue is the change in work done. People have moved from manual work to office-type work, and to houses which have washing machines (et cetera). This has happened usually without changes in eating habits got during childhood. This is the basic reason why people get fat, with all the problems which follow. 

With the word diet, it is often expressed the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management reasons (with the two often being related). Although humans are omnivores, each culture and each person holds some food preferences or some food taboos, due to personal tastes or ethical reasons. Individual dietary choices may be more or less healthful. A proper nutrition requires a proper ingestion and, also important, the absorption of vitamins, minerals, and food energy in the form of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Dietary habits and choices play a significant role in health and mortality, and can also define cultures and play a role in religion.

Diets are about eating the right quantity and type of food at the right time. When people talk about a diet, they are usually referring to a special kind of diet. When someone says they are "dieting", it means that they are trying to lose weight. People who study diet and eating habits are called dietitians.
When the diet is not right, people can gain or lose weight. They may become overweight or underweight. To get back to their normal weight, they need to change their diet. This may be very hard to do. Often help from a specialist is required.

Some people will also do fasting - they will not eat anything for some time to lose weight, balance their diet and clean their bodies.

Some people have diseases where they cannot eat certain foods without becoming very sick. They need to change their diet to avoid these foods. A food allergy is a condition in which a specific food makes someone sick. Phenylketonuria is a disease in which a person cannot digest certain foods properly because they have an amino acid, or type of chemical, called phenylalanines in them.

A fad diet is a type of diet that becomes popular for a short time without any major health organizations recommending it.

Health agencies recommend that people maintain a normal weight by limiting consumption of energy-dense foods and sugary drinks, eating plant-based food, limiting consumption of red and processed meat, and limiting alcohol intake.

Related pages
 Nutrition

References 

Food and drink
Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans is a 2009 American crime drama movie. It was directed by Werner Herzog. It has Nicolas Cage playing a bad lieutenant who bullies people, abuses heroin, painkillers and cocaine and is corrupt on many levels. The movie is similar to but neither a sequel nor remake for Abel Ferrara's 1992 classic movie Bad Lieutenant, which starred Harvey Keitel as a nameless police lieutenant. The 1992 movie was rated NC-17, whereas the 2009 movie received an R rating. Also starring in the 2009 movie is Eva Mendes; she plays the lieutenant's girlfriend.

Other websites 
 

2009 crime movies
2009 drama movies
2000s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Louisiana
New Orleans, Louisiana in fiction
Movies directed by Werner Herzog
Movies about the illegal drug trade
The Chief Justice of the Republic of India is the head of the judicial branch of the government of India and the chief judge of the Supreme Court of India, which makes them the highest ranking officer of the Indian federal judiciary. The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the President of India with the advice and consent of the Parliament to serve until they reach the age of sixty-five, resign, are impeached or die.
The current chief justice of India is N. V. Ramana.

Oath of affirmation