cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Gatwick Airport railway station is a station in the south of England for Gatwick Airport. Trains are currently run by Gatwick Express, First Great Western, Southern and Thameslink.

Railway stations in England
Megyn Price (born March 24, 1971 in Seattle) is an American screen and television actress. She is known for her acting in the sitcoms Grounded for Life and Rules of Engagement. She also performs in other TV shows.

References

Other websites

Actors from Seattle, Washington
American television actors
1971 births
Living people
Luritja is the name of an Australian Aboriginal group of the Western Desert. They speak the Luritja dialect of Wati, the language of the Western Desert people. The dialect itself has several varieties. The Luritja lands include areas to the west and south of Alice Springs. The region is centred on Kings Canyon. Their neighbours are the Arrernte (east), the Warlpiri (north), the Pintupi (west), and the Pitjantjatjara (south).

In recent decades, many from this group have inter-married with Pintupi-speaking people. During the mid 20th-century, the Pintupi were forced to leave their lands and were settled into government-built stations. Papunya became a settlement for both Pintupi and Luritja. In the 1980s, many of these people moved back west to Kintore. Both communities now mainly speak a hybridised dialect known as Pintupi-Luritja.

The name luritja is thought to come from the Arrernte word lurinya, which means "foreigner". Over time younger generations have taken on the name as their ethnonym. The total population of Luritja people (including those at Papunya) is probably in the thousands. This makes them the third largest of the Central Australian Aboriginal populations, behind the Arrernte and Pitjantjatjara.

References

Australian Aboriginal groups
Volusia County is a county in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Florida. It is bordered by St. Johns River to the west and the south, with the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The county was founded on December 29, 1854. At the 2010 United States Census, 494,593 people lived there. It is the sole county of the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county seat is DeLand, and the largest municipality is Deltona.

Florida counties
1854 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in Florida
Harwich International railway station is a station in Essex, England for Harwich International Port. Trains are currently run by Abellio Greater Anglia.

Trains

Other websites

Tendring
1883 establishments in the United Kingdom
1880s establishments in England
East Coast was a government-owned British train operating company. It ran high-speed passenger trains on the East Coast Main Line between London, Yorkshire, the North East and Scotland, being forced to take over after National Express East Coast defaulted on their franchise. It started operations on 14 November 2009. It ended operations on 28 February 2015. They had 45 locomotives and served 53 stations whilst operating 12 of them. The franchise was re-let to Virgin Trains East Coast, ending the period of government ownership, despite contributing a lot of money to the Treasury and calls for the government to retain the franchise.

Profitability
East Coast paid back over £1 billion to the government over the course of its franchise, more than twice as much as rival Virgin Trains did in the same time period on the West Coast Main Line. However, it used relatively old trains and therefore had much lower leasing costs, as in 2012/13 Virgin paid £302 million for its fleet of trains, while East Coast paid £53 million.

East Coast’s successor, Virgin Trains East Coast pays much more money back to the government than East Coast did: £3.3 billion over 8 years, compared to East Coast’s £1 billion.

References

Train operating companies
2009 establishments in the United Kingdom
Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) are a group of disorders. There are five disorders in the group. These disorders all slow down the rate a child learns to talk and listen to others, as well as cause other problems.

The five disorders are:
 Pervasive disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)
 Autism
 Asperger Syndrome
 Rett syndrome
 Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD).

The first three of these disorders are also called autism spectrum disorders. The last two are not common.

A child's parents might begin to notice signs of PDD when the child is a baby, and it usually appears before the child is three years old.

References

Pervasive developmental disorders
Developmental disorders
Rita Moreno (born December 11, 1931) is a Puerto Rican dancer, singer and actress. She is one of the few performers who have won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, a Golden Globe, and a Tony Award (an EGOT +Globe).  In 2014 she was honored with a Screen Actors Guild Award for lifetime achievement. In 2019, she was honored with a career achievement Peabody award.

Personal life
Moreno had an eight-year-long affair with actor Marlon Brando when he was young. She also dated Elvis Presley.

On June 18, 1965, Moreno married Leonard Gordon.  Gordon was a cardiologist and also her manager. He died on June 30, 2010.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

Other websites

 
 

Emmy Award winning actors
Grammy Award winners
Academy Award winning actors
Tony Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Puerto Rican singers
Puerto Rican actors
1931 births
Living people
Dancers
Hull Trains is a open-access operator running four trains on their single line from London King's Cross to Hull Paragon railway station. The company is made up of First Group (80%) and Renaissance Trains (20%).

Train operating companies
Open-access train operating companies
TransPennine Express is a British train operating company. it is fully owned by First Group. It runs regular passenger trains in northern England, including trains linking the west and east coasts across the Pennines. TransPennine Express runs three routes which provide rail links for large cities like Edinburgh, Glasgow, Liverpool, Sheffield, Leeds, York and Newcastle. All three routes stop at Manchester Piccadilly and Manchester Airport.

References

Train operating companies
Rail transport in the United Kingdom
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), also called electroshock, is a psychiatric treatment in which seizures are caused by electricity in unconscious patients to treat llness.

The process is completed by placing electrodes on the sides of the patient's head (on either both or just one side) and sending a small electric current through the brain. This lasts for about half a second.
The patient is also made unconscious before the treatment for safety reasons. The therapy without informed consent is medical abuse and Article 18 of the Yogyakarta Principles prohibit to "care" any sexual orientation and gender identity though any therapy including this.

Related pages 
MindFreedom International

Health
London & South Eastern Railway Limited, trading as Southeastern was a train operating company in southeast England. On 1 April 2006, it became the franchisee for the new Integrated Kent Franchise (IKF), overtaking the publicly owned South Eastern Trains on the former South East Franchise. It serves the commuter routes to south-east London, most of Kent, and parts of East Sussex.

Since 2012, Thameslink have taken over various routes including the Catford Loop and Sevenoaks to Blackfriars services.

Gallery

References

Other websites

|-

Train operating companies
Railway operators in London
2006 establishments in England
The Iowa Supreme Court is the state supreme court and the highest court in the U.S. state of Iowa. The Court has seven judges  called "justices"  on it: a Chief Justice and six Associate Justices. The Court normally meets in Des Moines in the Iowa Judicial Branch Building.

The Court 
In 1846, Iowa was the 29th state to join the United States.  Iowa's government is similar to the federal government of the United States.  The government of Iowa has three branches: the legislative branch (the Iowa General Assembly), the executive branch (the Governor of Iowa), and the judicial branch (the Iowa Supreme Court).  

The Iowa Supreme Court is an appellate court. An appellate court does not have trials, but reviews the decisions of other state courts. The Court does many things:
 It is the highest court in the Iowa state court system. Its decisions are binding on all other Iowa state courts.  If a case is about federal law, the Supreme Court of the United States may review the Iowa Supreme Court's decision in the case.
 It licenses lawyers to practice law in Iowa, makes the rules lawyers have to follow, and can warn lawyers or take away their license to practice if they break the rules.
 It makes the rules for the Iowa state courts.
 It is in charge of the judicial branch and judicial officers and court employees.

Justices 
Justices are appointed – chosen – by the governor from a list of three people chosen by the State Judicial Nominating Commission. A new justice serves a one-year term after appointment and until January 1 after the next judicial retention election. After the election, a justice serves an eight-year term. At the end of a justice's term, there is a retention election – an election to decide if the justice gets another term. A justice must retire at the age of 72.  The justices elect the chief justice. 

The Chief Justice and two other justices, were not elected in the November 2, 2010 retention election.  Governor Branstad appointed Edward Mansfield, Thomas D. Waterman, and Bruce Zager to replace them in February 2011.  While waiting for the new justices, the Court chose Justice Cady as the new Chief Justice.  In March 2011, the new Court voted for Justice Cady to stay as Chief Justice. There will be a retention election for the new justices in November 2012.

References

Other websites 
About the justices 
Website of the judicial branch of Iowa

Government of Iowa
Courts (law)
Merseyrail is a British train operating company owned by Serco-Abellio and overseen by Merseytravel. They provides passenger rail services across Merseyside. They run 59 trains serving 67 stations. 

Train operating companies
Northern Rail was a British train operating company. It ran local passenger services in Northern England from December 2004 to March 2016. Northern Rail's owner was Serco and Abellio. It ran 287 trains to 529 stations. 

In 2016, Serco and Abellio lost the franchise to Arriva, who promised to buy new trains.

References

Train operating companies
Rail transport in the United Kingdom
Stansted Express is a sub-brand of Greater Anglia. It is the direct train service linking central London (Liverpool Street station) to Stansted Airport, one of London's major airports. Before February 2012, Stansted Express was operated by National Express East Anglia. Until 2004 Stansted Express was part of the WAGN franchise.

Train operating companies
Nicole Julianne Sullivan (born April 21, 1970 in Manhattan, New York) is an American actress and comedian. She is best known for doing sitcoms. She acted in the sketch comedy MADtv (1995 to 2001) and the CBS sitcom The King of Queens.

Animated series 
Buzz Lightyear of Star Command - Mira Nova, Feara
Baby Blues - Bizzy
Brandy And Mr. Whiskers - Gerri
Big Hero 6 - Stern Woman
Bojack Horseman - TracyClone High - Joan, Marie CurieDC Super-Hero Girls - SupergirlFamily Guy - MurielHarley Quinn - Mrs. Copplepot, Benjamin, HostessKim Possible - Shego, Computer Voice, Tour Guide, Additional voicesLilo & Stitch: The Series - Shego, Additional voicesNutri Ventures - Purple GugaPepper Ann - Tundra WomanRobotboy - Additional voicesRugrats - DebbieSlacker Cats - LouiseSpongebob Squarepants - Fish 45, Additional voicesStanley - Farmer JulieSuper Best Friends Forever - SupergirlTeamo Supremo - FabricaThe Penguins of Madagascar - MarleneThe Powerpuff Girls (1998) - Mollie, Maggot, Additional Voices	The Powerpuff Girls (2016) - Additional voicesSpider-Man (2017) - Mother, Additional voices The Secret Saturdays - DrewThe Loud House - Additional voicesThe Super Hero Squad Show - Additonal voicesThe Fairly OddParents - Additional voicesTriptank'' - Sarah, Caitlin

References

Other websites

Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from New York City
1970 births
Living people
Lupe Ontiveros (September 17, 1942 - July 26, 2012) was an Mexican-American movie and television actress. Ontiveros acted in a lot of movies and television series. She usually took the role of a maid or a grandmother. Ontiveros has told interviewers that she has played a maid at least 150 times on stage and in movies. She was nominated for an Emmy Award for her role on Desperate Housewives. She also was given positive reviews for her role in Chuck and Buck. She won the National Board of Review award for Best Supporting Actress. She was also nominated for an Independent Spirit Award. Ontiveros took the role as Yolanda Saldivar in the 1997 biographical movie Selena.

Personal life 
Ontiveros was born Guadalupe Moreno in El Paso, Texas, to Mexican immigrant parents.
Ontiveros and her husband, Elías, have three sons. Elías and their sons live in Pico Rivera, California. Lupe Ontiveros died on July 26, 2012. She died of liver cancer. She was 69 years old.

References

Other websites 

 

1942 births
2012 deaths
American stage actors
American television actors
Actors from El Paso, Texas
Deaths from liver cancer
|}

 is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a gymnast.

Career
Kohei Uchimura has won the world championships in gymnastics for three years — 2009, 2010 and 2011.

Uchimura was part of a team which won the team silver medal in gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

He also won the gold medal in the Olympic men’s all-around event in gymnastics.

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 Japan at the Olympics
 Ryohei Kato
 Kazuhito Tanaka
 Yusuke Tanaka
 Koji Yamamuro

References

Other websites
 Kohei Uchimura at Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique 
 Beijing Olympics profile
 Kohei Uchimura at Tokyoweekender.com

1989 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic gold medalists
Japanese Olympic silver medalists
Japanese gymnasts
People from Fukuoka Prefecture
Christopher John Matthews (born December 17, 1945 near Philadelphia) is an American news anchor and political commentator. He is known for as the host of his talk show Hardball with Chris Matthews on MSNBC. On weekends he hosted the syndicated ABC News program The Chris Matthews Show.

Early life
Matthews went to La Salle College High School. Matthews served in the United States Peace Corps in Swaziland from 1968 to 1970 as a trade development adviser.

Career
Matthews worked with Tip O'Neill, the Speaker of the House. O'Neill, a Democrat, was a political rival of VHS Republican president Ronald Reagan, but the two remained friends, saying that after 6:00 the two could go out for a drink together. Matthews wrote a book about their relationship. The last episode of The Chris Matthews Show was shown on July 21 2013. After he wrote a best selling book about politics called Hardball, Matthews joined MSNBC and hosted a show of the same name. Matthews is a moderate Democrat who has supported Republicans before and said that he is "more conservative than people think I am." However, Matthews has been a long time supporter of Barack Obama. In 2004, following a speech by Obama, Matthews said he had "seen the first black president," a prediction which came true four years later. Matthews once stated that Obama gave him a "thrill up his leg." This quote was widely mocked by many people. He has also been critical of Hillary Clinton, and has said that she got her office by her husband's fame and not on her own ability. As of 2015, Matthews hosts Hardball with Chris Matthews on the MSNBC cable channel at 5:00PM on weekdays. He is also a political commentator that appears on other shows. Matthews is married to his wife of thirty five years, Kathleen, a businesswoman who is an executive at Marriott. He is a Roman Catholic.

References

Other websites

American political commentators
American political activists
Writers from Pennsylvania
American television news anchors
1945 births
Living people
Alfred Charles "Al" Sharpton Jr. (born October 3, 1954 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American Baptist minister, civil rights activist and television talk show host. He was a candidate for the Democrat nomination for the United States presidential election, 2004. He makes regular guest appearances on Fox News, MSNBC and CNN. In 2011, he was named the host of MSNBC's PoliticsNation, a talk show.

References

Other websites

People from New York City
Democrats (United States)
LGBT rights activists
American civil rights activists
American television presenters
1954 births
Living people
2004 United States presidential candidates
HuffPost writers and columnists
Charles Ernest "Chuck" Grassley (born September 17, 1933) is the senior U.S. Senator from Iowa. He was the 91st Senate President pro tempore from 2019 until 2021.  He has been Senator since 1981. He was also in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1981. Before that he was in the Iowa state legislature from 1959 to 1974.

In January 2019, Grassley became the most senior Republican serving in the United States Senate due to the retirement of Orrin Hatch and the resignation of Thad Cochran. After the Republicans kept control of the Senate in the 2018 elections, Grassley became the 91st Senate President pro tempore.

In January 2021, when Republicans lost control of the U.S. Senate, Patrick Leahy became President pro tempore while Grassley became President pro tempore emeritus.

On November 17, 2020, Grassley announced that he had tested positive for COVID-19.

References

Other websites

1933 births
Living people
American Baptists
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
United States representatives from Iowa
United States senators from Iowa
US Republican Party politicians
State legislators of the United States
The Khojaly Massacre was the murder of hundreds of ethnic Azerbaijani civilians from the town of Khojaly in Azerbaijan on 25–26 February 1992 by the Armenian armed forces with the help of Russian armed forces during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
613 people were killed, including 424 men, 106 women and 83 children. The massacre was the largest massacre of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

References

Other websites 

 Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. Human Rights Watch, 1992. , 
Azerbaijani websites
 Justice for Khojaly
Armenian websites
 "Azerbaijan turned Khojaly into a launch pad for indiscriminate bombardment of Karabakh", Office of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic Washington DC

1992 in Europe
1992 in Asia
Massacres
Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment
20th century in Armenia
1990s in Azerbaijan
Nagorno-Karabakh
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
1990s in Russia
is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a swimmer who competed at the Summer Olympic Games.

Career
He won a bronze medal in the Men's 400m individual medley at the 2012 Summer Olympics.  His time of 4:10.01 was an Asian record.

References

1994 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic gold medalists
Japanese Olympic silver medalists
Japanese Olympic bronze medalists
Japanese swimmers
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
People from Tochigi Prefecture
Conrad Burns (January 25, 1935 – April 28, 2016) was a former United States Senator from the state of Montana.  He was a member of the U.S. Republican Party. He was the longest serving Republican Senator in the history of Montana. He was born near Gallatin, Missouri.

Burns died at his home in Billings, Montana on April 28, 2016 from complications of a stroke, aged 81.

References

Other websites

United States senators from Montana
US Republican Party politicians
Deaths from stroke
1935 births
2016 deaths
Charles Eugene "Pat" Boone (born June 1, 1934 in Jacksonville, Florida) is an American singer, writer and actor. He was a very successful pop musician in the 1950s and 1960s. His many hits were covers of black R&B musicians' songs. At that time black musicians were not played on white radio stations. His daughter Debby is also a singer.

According to Billboard, Boone was the second biggest charting artist of the late 1950s, behind only Elvis Presley.  He is a member of the Gospel Music Hall of Fame.

Boone hosted a half-hour ABC variety television series.  There were 115 episodes from 1957 to 1960. Many musical performers, including Edie Adams, Andy Williams, Pearl Bailey and Johnny Mathis were on the show.

References

Other websites

1934 births
Living people
American movie actors
American pop singers
American voice actors
Actors from Jacksonville, Florida
Singers from Jacksonville, Florida
is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a judoka.

History
He won a silver medal at the 2009 World Judo Championships and bronze medal at the 2010 World Judo Championships.

Hiroka won the silver medal in 2012 Summer Olympics at London, in the men's under 60 kg extra-lightweight judo.

References

Other websites
  Hiroaki HIroaka at the Judoinside.com

1985 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic silver medalists
Judoka
Japanese martial artists
Earl Benjamin "Ben" Nelson (born May 17, 1941) is a former U.S. Senator from Nebraska and member of United States Democratic Party. Before that he was 37th Governor of Nebraska. He was born in McCook, Nebraska.

References

Other websites

United States senators from Nebraska
Governors of Nebraska
US Democratic Party politicians
1941 births
Living people
Tom Harkin (born November 19, 1939) is a retired American politician for the Democratic Party. From 1985 to 2015, he served as a junior Senator in Iowa. He also served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1975 to 1985.

Harkin ran for the Democratic nomination for President in 1992, losing to then-Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton.

In 2013 Harkin said he would retire from the Senate after completing his fifth term in 2015.

References

Other websites

1992 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Iowa
US Democratic Party politicians
1939 births
Living people
Chuck Hagel (  ; born October 4, 1946) was the 24th Secretary of Defense and the former U.S. Senator from Nebraska. He is a member of the United States Republican Party. He has criticized the Bush Administration on many things, such as the Iraq War.

In October 2014, speaking at a meeting of defense ministers in Peru, Hagel highlighted a report’s  findings of the global security threats of climate change and global warming; stating “The loss of glaciers will strain water supplies in several areas of our hemisphere,” and “Destruction and devastation from hurricanes can sow the seeds for instability. Droughts and crop failures can leave millions of people without any lifeline, and trigger waves of mass migration.”

He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 26, 2012 to become Secretary of Defense during Barack Obama's second term replacing Leon Panetta.

On November 24, 2014, it was announced that Hagel would resign the position of Secretary of Defense due to job stress and decisions on ISIS/ISIL.

References

Other websites

United States senators from Nebraska
US Republican Party politicians
1946 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Defense
People from North Platte, Nebraska
The Quai Branly Museum, known in French as the Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac (), is a museum in Paris. It displays art and culture from indigenous civilisations of Africa, America, Asia and Oceania. Quai Branly opened on 23 June 2006. It holds the collections of the old Musée national des Arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie, which is now closed. It contains 267,000 objects in its permanent collection. Of these, 3500 items are on display.

Notes

Other websites 

Musée du quai Branly (site in French, English and Spanish)

2006 establishments in France
Art museums in France
Buildings and structures in Paris
Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri (; born late 1950s) is an Australian Aboriginal artist. He is one of Australia's most well-known indigenous artists.

Early life

Warlimpirrnga was born in the late 1950s. He was born near Lake Mackay, east of where Kiwirrkurra is today. He and his family lived a traditional nomadic way of life on the western side of Lake Mackay. They had never come into contact with European society. Warlimpirrnga's father died when he was a young boy. His mother remarried shortly after. Warlimpirrnga himself married his cousin, Yalti, sometime around 1980. He was a hunter, the family's main provider of food. He hunted with spears, mirru (spear-throwers) and boomerangs.

In 1984, when he was about 25, he finally came into contact people from outside his family. When he saw a white man for the first time, Warlimpirrnga remembers, "I couldn't believe it. I thought he was a devil, a bad spirit. He was the colour of clouds at sunrise." He and his family were settled at Kiwirrkurra. News of this group living nomadically so far into the modern world made headlines internationally.

Painting
Warlimpirrnga started painting in 1987. He did paintings for Papunya Tula. He was taught by the other artists at the company. He finished his first painting for them in April 1987. His first public exhibition was in Melbourne, in 1988. It showed eleven of his paintings. The entire collection was bought for the National Gallery of Victoria. He has since become one of central Australia's most well-known artists.

Warlimpirrnga paints abstract images of sacred dreaming stories and songs. The stories focus around the Tingari, the ancestors of the Pintupi, spirit beings who are believed to have created all living things. His stories are about his country and sacred sites like Marruwa and Kanapilya.

His work is held in public collections across Australia, such as in the National Gallery in Canberra, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, and the National Gallery of Victoria. He also has work in galleries overseas, such as the Quai Branly Museum in Paris. In 2012, his work was shown as part of the documenta exhibition in Kassel, Germany. As of 2008, the most one of his paintings has sold for is AU$85,000.

References

Other websites
Works by Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri at the Art Gallery of New South Wales
Works by Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri at the National Gallery of Victoria

Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from Western Australia
Living people
Australian painters
1950s births
Pintupi
Pintupi is an Australian Aboriginal group who are part of the Western Desert cultural group. Their homeland is in the area west of Lake MacDonald and Lake Mackay in Western Australia. This is a very remote part of Australian desert. Because of this, the Pintupi were among the last Aboriginals in Australia to leave their traditional way of life. Most of the Pintupi were displaced (forced to leave) their homeland in the middle the 20th century, because of sti testing being done at Woomera. They were moved into settlements to the east and west of their country, such as Papunya, Balgo, Haasts Bluff and even as far away as Hermannsburg. They ended up scattered into different communities. Within a few years, several hundreds of Pintupi had died from foreign disease and infection. Others had problems with alcoholism and violence – having lived in small groups for most of their lives, they found it hard to deal with conflict.

During the 1960s, the assimilationist policies of the Menzies government had a major effect on the mentality of many Pintupi. Part of the policy led to hundreds of Pintupi children being taken away from their parents and put into missions or foster care (this is now known as the Stolen Generation). 

Beginning in the 1970s, there was a strong push within the Pintupi community at Papunya to return to their historical lands. They moved back west in 1981 to set up Kintore (Waḻungurru). Further west, Kiwirrkurra was founded in 1983, close to Lake Mackay.

Skin groupings

The Pintupi have a complex kinship system, with eight different skin groups. Males and females have different prefixes ("Tj" for males, "N" for females). These names define kinship relationships. They dictate who can marry whom. Although they may be used as terms of address, they are not surnames in the sense used by Europeans.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- bgcolor=#efefef
!Gender
!Skin name
!Can marry only
!Children will be
|-
|Male
|Tjapaltjarri
|Nakamarra
|Tjungurrayi, Nungurrayi
|-
|Female
|Napaltjarri
|Tjakamarra
|Tjupurrula, Napurrula
|-
|Male
|Tjapangati
|Nampitjinpa
|Tjapanangka, Napanangka
|-
|Female
|Napangati
|Tjampitjinpa
|Tjangala, Nangala
|-
|Male
|Tjakamarra
|Napaltjarri
|Tjupurrula, Napurrula
|-
|Female
|Nakamarra
|Tjapaltjarri
|Tjungurrayi, Nungurrayi
|-
|Male
|Tjampitjinpa
|Napangati
|Tjangala, Nangala
|-
|Female
|Nampitjinpa
|Tjapangati
|Tjapanangka, Napanangka
|-
|Male
|Tjapanangka
|Napurrula
|Tjapangati, Napangati
|-
|Female
|Napanangka
|Tjupurrula
|Tjakamarra, Nakamarra
|-
|Male
|Tjungurrayi
|Nangala
|Tjapaltjarri, Napaltjarri
|-
|Female
|Nungurrayi
|Tjangala
|Tjampitjinpa, Nampitjinpa
|-
|Male
|Tjupurrula
|Napanangka
|Tjakamarra, Nakamarra
|-
|Female
|Napurrula
|Tjapanangka
|Tjapangati, Napangati
|-
|Male
|Tjangala
|Nungurrayi
|Tjampitjinpa, Nampitjinpa
|-
|Female
|Nangala
|Tjungurrayi
|Tjapaltjarri, Napaltjarri
|}

Related pages
Pintupi Nine
Papunya Tula
Luritja

References
Hester Jonas (around 1570 in Monheim am Rhein – December 24, 1635 in Neuss) was a German midwife and cunning woman. She was executed for witchcraft and is known as the so called Witch of Neuss.

Life 
Jonas married the miller Peter Meurer. They moved to Neuss. There she suffered severe epileptic seizures. She worked as a midwife and was familiar with herbalism, particularly mandrake.

In November 1635 (at the age of about 64 years), she was accused of witchcraft. She was arrested, examined and tortured. The mayor of Neuss accused her of having a deal with the devil. A few years back she already had the reputation of being a witch. In the wake of growing public rumours, the authorities were forced to do something. After hearings on November 15 and 22, Jonas denied the charges. On December 19 and 20 she was put on a chair spiked with sharp nails for three hours.

After her torture she confessed falsely. She confessed to having sexual intercourse with a black man named "Hans Beelzebub". She confessed to damaging humans and animals by black magic. On the same night she escaped, but was captured again in a short time. Jonas then said her confession wasn't true, but her resistance was broken after a violent whipping the next day. She again confessed to all charges and the court sentenced her to death by beheading. On December 24 she was beheaded by an executioner. Her body was burnt and the ashes blew away in the wind.

The transcripts are still available in the city archive of Neuss.

Trivia 
 "The Ballad of Hester Jonas" by Peter Maiwald

Further reading 
 Kemmerich, Hetty. Sagt, was ich gestehen soll! Hexenprozesse. Dortmund 2004, , p. 231–236.

References 

1570s births
1635 deaths
Executed German people
People executed for witchcraft
People from North Rhine-Westphalia
Papunya Tula Artists is a co-operative of Aboriginal Australian artists. It is owned and run by Aboriginal people of the Western Desert. It is famous for its development of the Western Desert art movement – widely referred to as "dot painting" – and is often credited with bringing Aboriginal art to the world's attention. The original group of artists started painting in the town of Papunya, but today the company is based in Alice Springs.

The origins of the company go back to 1971. Geoffrey Bardon, the school teacher at Papunya, taught the children to paint a mural using the classical style of body and sand art. Historically, paintings and designs are made by Aborigines to depict stories and songs about the dreamtime. The co-operative was formed in 1972 by a group of men from Bardon's classes. They painted spiritual designs used in ceremonial art, but using modern instruments (like acrylic paints on canvas).

As this style of art started to become famous, many in the Aboriginal community criticised the artists for revealing too many secrets from their sacred legends. Aborigines of the Western Desert believe that the knowledge of these things is dangerous; usually, a person must be initiated first, and this only happens when they are deemed "ready" by their community. In response, the artists changed or removed all detailed images of sacred symbols. In all works since then, these images have been hidden or left out completely.

In the late 1970s, many of the people at Papunya left and moved back to their traditional lands. But the company continued to grow, and it centralised in Alice Springs. In 1987, the National Gallery of Victoria bought eleven paintings by Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri. As popularity of this style of art continued to grow, so did their value. In 2007, a single painting by Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri set a record at auction for Aboriginal art. It was bought for £1.03 million, more than twice as much as the previous record-holder.

The first artists, including all of the company's founders, were men. In the early years, the men didn't like women painting. However, there was also a strong desire amongst many of the women to participate. In the 1990s large numbers of them began to create paintings.

Notes

Other websites
Gallery website
Papunya Tula exhibition  at the Art Gallery of New South Wales
Papunya Painting, an exhibition at the National Museum of Australia
Tjukurrtjanu: Origins of Western Desert Art, an exhibition at the National Gallery of Victoria
Papunya Tula art movement of the Western Desert , Australian Government portal

Indigenous Australian culture
Australian artists
Companies of Australia
CIS may refer to:
Center for Immigration Studies
Confederacy of Independent Systems
Commonwealth of Independent States

Related pages
CIS Tower
Takariya Napaltjarri (born early 1960s) is an Australian Aboriginal artist. She paints for the Papunya Tula artists' co-operative.

History

Early life

Takariya was born in the 1960s near Lake Mackay, in Western Australia. The exact year is not known. She grew up living a traditional, nomadic way of life in the desert. Takariya's mother was named Papalya and her father was named Waku. Her father died not long after she was born. She had an older sister, Topsy, and an older brother, Warlimpirrnga.

Takariya's family lived in isolation in the desert. They had never come into contact with Euro-Australian society. Most of their relatives had been settled into towns on the edges of the desert. The group's leader, Lanti, had decided that they would stay living in the desert. Takariya and her family finally came into contact with some of their relatives in 1984. They were settled at Kiwirrkurra, on the south edge of Lake Mackay. The event was big news at the time, and the family became famously known as "the last nomads". Takariya was in her mid- to late-20s at the time.

Kiwirrkurra
Shortly after her family arrived at Kiwirrkurra, Takariya was married to Freddy West Tjakamarra. This was a gesture between the family and the village. They later separated. A few years later, Takariya married another man, named Richard Tjakamarra.

Painting
Takariya began painting for the Papunya Tula co-operative in June 1996. Later in the year, she had her first exhibition. It was a group exhibition called Papunya Women, shown at Utopia Art Gallery in Sydney. In 1997, her work was included in the Bulada exhibition at the Art Gallery of New South Wales. She has also painted for Warlayirti Artists at Balgo, where her husband's family lives. Works by Takariya are held in the Art Gallery of New Wales, as well as in collections overseas.

Her paintings are of sacred dreaming stories and songs. They are mostly about the Tingari (the ancestors of the Pintupi). Takariya paints her and her mother's dreaming country. This includes places like Marrapinti, Ngalpurrunya, Ngaminya, Karilwara, Wirrulnga and Marruwa – places that are sacred to her.

References

Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from Western Australia
Living people
Australian painters
1960s births
Pintupi
Glíma is an Old Norse word meaning glimpse or flash, and is 
the name of the Scandinavian martial arts system used by the Vikings 
over 1200 years ago.

Glima as a self-defence system contains throws, blows, kicks, chokes,
locks, and pain techniques, and is comparable with the best complete 
martial arts systems from around the world. Glima as self-defence was 
the foundation for the Viking warrior, and these techniques are still 
practiced in Scandinavia, Europe, North America and South America.

Glima as a sport  is often called Viking wrestling and covers several types of Scandinavian folk wrestling: Lausatök, Brokartök and Hryggspenna. Lausatök (Loose-grip or Free-grip) is the most wide spread form of glima practiced in Norway. It is quite aggressive form of wrestling where the match the winner is considered the one who is standing up while the opponent is lying on the ground. Hryggspenna (Backhold) is a form of wrestling where the opponents take hold of each other's 
upper body with a grip around the back; whoever touches the ground with any part of the body except 
the feet has lost. Brokartök (Trouser-grip) the most widespread in Iceland and Sweden. In this type of Glima, the wrestlers hold each others trousers by the waistline, or by a special Brokartök glima belt, then attempts to trip and throw their opponent.

Christian priests regarded Glima as a pagan activity and tried to eliminate it when Scandinavia, became Christian. The people of Scandinavia however thought it good for physical and moral development and continued to practice the sport. Brokartök glima has been the national sport of Iceland for over 100 years.

References 
 Craig, Steve. Sports and Games of the Ancients, pages 97-99, Greenwood Publishing Group.

Other websites

Wrestling
Iceland
The Surgeon is a 1995 horror movie directed by Carl Schenkel. The plot involves a small boy who witnesses his brother being killed in surgery, and grows up to become a monster with a scalpel. The film stars Isabel Glasser, Peter Boyle, Malcolm McDowell and Charles Dance. Originally titled Exquisite Tenderness, the film was released in Spain in 1995. Some of the footage was shot in Canada. It made about 10,000,000 in profit. It also came out in the United Kingdom and Germany.

Other websites

1995 movies
1990s horror movies
English-language movies
In quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, the Bohr model is the model of the atom proposed by Niels Bohr. Bohr's model is useful only when discussing the behavior of a hydrogen atom. Bohr's model is extremely useful in describing the hydrogen emission spectrum.

Electrons

Energy Levels 

The Bohr model says that the angular momentum of an electron within a hydrogen atom can only be integer multiples of a certain number.

Where h is Planck's constant, π is pi, and n is the multiples (1,2,3,...). This formula says that an electron will only be found on the energy levels predicted by the formula, and not anywhere in between. This means that if an electron jumps from one energy level to the next, it will never be in between energy levels, but will instantaneously be transported from one level to the other.

Light 
Bohr's model is also useful because it explains the cause of light. Bohr agreed with classical theory that light has a wave-particle duality (meaning that it is made of both electromagnetic waves and particles called photons), but he said that light was given off when an electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from a higher energy level to a lower one. Basically, if an electron with x amount of energy goes to a lower state of energy and loses y energy, then a photon with energy y is emitted by the atom and either becomes light or some other form of radiation.

Related pages 
Quantum mechanics
Emission spectrum

Quantum mechanics
In quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, a matter wave is when you think of matter as a wave. The concept of matter waves was first introduced by Louis de Broglie. Matter waves are hard to visualize, because we are used to thinking of matter as a physical object. De Broglie revolutionized quantum mechanics by producing the equation for matter waves.

Wavelength of Matter 
As experiments on light revealed that photons possessed both wavelike and particular properties, they were considered at the time to have a dual nature as both particles and waves. De Broglie showed that matter might exhibit such a 'wave-particle duality' as well. Basing his formula on earlier formulas, he arrived at the equation below. 

Where λ is the wavelength of the object, h is Planck's constant, m is the mass of the object, and v is the velocity of the object. An alternate and also correct version of this formula is

Where p is the momentum. (Momentum is equal to mass times velocity). These equations merely say that matter exhibits a particle-like nature in some circumstances, and a wave-like characteristic at other times. Erwin Schrödinger created an advanced equation based on this formula and the Bohr model, known as the Schrödinger equation.

Related pages 
Quantum mechanics
Wave-particle duality

Wave physics
Quantum mechanics
Matthew Allen Hughes (born December 13, 1978 in Hillsboro, Illinois) is a retired American mixed martial artist. Hughes is a former two-time UFC Welterweight Champion and UFC Hall of Famer. He put together two separate six-fight winning streaks. He defeated all the available opposition in his weight class. He defeated six former UFC Champions. Hughes also was the coach for the reality shows The Ultimate Fighter 2 and The Ultimate Fighter 6. He was the host of Trophy Hunters TV.

On June 16, 2017, Hughes was hospitalized with a serious head injury after a train struck the passenger side of his truck at a crossing near his home in Montgomery County, Illinois.

Championships and achievements

Mixed martial arts
Ultimate Fighting Championship
UFC Welterweight Champion (two times)
Seven successful title defenses
Second most successful welterweight title defenses (seven)
Tapout of the Night (four times)
Submission of the Night (one time)
Fight of the Night (one time)
UFC Hall of Fame
Third most wins in the UFC (eighteen)
Most finishes in the Welterweight division (Thirteen)
Two separate six-fight win streaks in the UFC
Defeated all but one (Pat Miletich) of the other UFC welterweight champions while active
Defeated six different UFC champions
Black Belt Magazine
2006 NHB Fighter of the Year
Black Belt Magazine Hall of Famer
Bleacher Report
2000s Welterweight of the Decade.
Sports Illustrated
2000s #3 Fighter of the Decade
UFC's #4 Greatest Fight vs. Frank Trigg on April 16, 2005
UFC's #1 Greatest Fight vs. B.J. Penn on September 23, 2006
About.com
2000s #5 Fight of the Decade vs. B.J. Penn on September 23, 2006
2000s #3 Fight of the Decade vs. Frank Trigg on April 16, 2005
Fight Matrix
1999 Fighter of the Year 3rd Place
2002 Fighter of the Year
2003 Fighter of the Year 3rd Place
2004 Fighter of the Year 3rd Place
2005 Fighter of the Year 3rd Place
MMAFighting
2002 Welterweight Fighter of the Year
2003 Welterweight Fighter of the Year
2005 Submission of the Year vs. Frank Trigg on April 16, 2005
Yahoo! Sports
2000s #6 Fight of the Decade vs. Frank Trigg on April 16, 2005

Amateur wrestling
National Collegiate Athletic Association
NCAA Division 1 All-American Team (Two times)
NCAA Division 1 158 lb - 8th place out of Eastern Illinois University (1996)
NCAA Division 1 158 lb - 5th place out of Eastern Illinois University (1997)
National Junior College Athletic Association
NJCAA All-American Team (Two times)
NJCAA Hall of Fame
Eastern Illinois University
EIU Athletic Hall of Fame
Illinois High School Association
IHSA Class A State Wrestling Champion 145 lb (1991)
IHSA Class A State Wrestling Champion 145 lb (1992)

Submission grappling
Grapplers Quest
2002 Grapplers Quest West Championships Middleweight Advanced Champion (2/23/02)

Books
(2008) Made in America: The Most Dominant Champion in UFC History. Simon Spotlight Entertainment. .

References

Other websites

Matt Hughes' official website
Official UFC Profile
IMDB page
Matt Hughes' training facility
Matt Hughes profile at the National Wrestling Hall of Fame

1973 births
Living people
American Christians
American mixed martial artists
Female sexual arousal disorder is condition where a woman has a hard time getting aroused sexually. or to maintain this arousal, until after sexual intercourse.

Human sexuality
Disorders

 Persistent, recurrent problems with sexual response or desire — that distress you or strain your relationship with your partner — are known medically as female sexual dysfunction.

Many women experience problems with sexual function at some point in their lives. Female sexual dysfunction can occur at all stages of life, and it may be ongoing or happen only once in a while.

You may experience more than one type of female sexual dysfunction. Types include:

Low sexual desire. You have diminished libido, or lack of sex drive.
Sexual arousal disorder. Your desire for sex might be intact, but you have difficulty or are unable to become aroused or maintain arousal during sexual activity.
Orgasmic disorder. You have persistent or recurrent difficulty in achieving orgasm after sufficient sexual arousal and ongoing stimulation.
Sexual pain disorder. You have pain associated with sexual stimulation or vaginal contact.
is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a judoka.

Career
In 2011, Ebunuma won the World Championship for his judo weight class.

Ebinuma won the bronze medal in the men’s 66 kg judo category during the 2012 Summer Olympics.

References

Other websites
  Masashi Ebinuma (JPN) at Judoinside.com 

1990 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic bronze medalists
Judoka
2012 Summer Olympics
Japanese martial artists
Topsy Gibson Napaltjarri is an Australian Aboriginal artist.

Life
Topsy was born around 1950, in the Gibson Desert. She was born at Wirrulnga, a rockhole near what is now Kiwirrkurra, in Western Australia. She was the first child of Papalya and Waku. She grew up living in the desert, living a traditional hunter-gatherer way of life on the western side of Lake Mackay. Her family had no contact with the modern world and had never seen White people. When she was about 13, she married a man named Tommy Tjakamarra. She left her family and went with Tommy to go and live at Mount Doreen, northwest of Yuendumu. This was her first encounter with modern, Euro-Australian society. Her family was left behind in the desert and did not come out until 1984.

Topsy and Tommy lived at Papunya for a few years, but they later separated. Topsy remarried, to a man named Tony Tjakamarra, and she moved west with him to Balgo. They moved to Kiwirrkurra in 1984, not long after it was founded. She has two daughters, Yalamay (born 1973) and Lynette (born 1976), and one son.

Painting
Topsy began painting in 1996, with her sister Takariya. Her younger brother, Warlimpirrnga, had been painting since 1987 and was already famous as an artist. She was first represented by Warlayirti Artists, the art co-operative at Balgo.

References

Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from Western Australia
Living people
Australian painters
1950s births
Pintupi