cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A county seat war is an American phenomenon that happened mostly in the Old West as it was being settled. Although, there were similar events elsewhere, such as in southeastern Ohio. As new towns were created and county lines were drawn, there was intense competition for the status and tax benefits received by becoming a county seat. These "wars" often involved nothing more than lining up at the ballot box. However, sometimes people from a particular town would use voter fraud, intimidation or violence.

References

Other websites
West Virginia newspaper clips about county seat wars

History
The Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862 were a series of acts of Congress that supported the construction of a "transcontinental railroad" (the Pacific Railroad) in the United States. This happened through authorizing issuing government bonds and the grants of land to railroad companies. The War Department under then-Secretary of War Jefferson Davis was authorized by the Congress in 1853 to do surveys of five different potential transcontinental routes from the Mississippi. These surveys ranging from north to south and submitted a massive twelve volume report to Congress with the results in early 1855. However, no route or bill could be agreed upon and passed authorizing the Government's financial support and land grants. This change when the secession of the southern states in 1861 ended their opposition to a central route. The Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 () was the original act. Some of its provisions were changed, expanded, or repealed by four more amending Acts: The Pacific Railroad Act of 1863 (), Pacific Railroad Act of 1864 (), Pacific Railroad Act of 1865 (), and Pacific Railroad Act of 1866 ().

The Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 started federal government land grants directly to corporations; before that act, the land grants were made to the states, for the benefit of corporations.

1862 in the United States
1864 in the United States
Trains
Donald Henry "Pee Wee" Gaskins Jr. (March 13, 1933 – September 6, 1991) was an American serial killer.  He was executed by electrocution by South Carolina in 1991.

Gaskins was born in South Carolina, the last in a string of illegitimate children.  Due to his smallness, he was nicknamed "Pee Wee".  His youth was characterized by considerable neglect; for instance, when he was one year old, he drank a bottle of kerosene.  He grew to 5 foot 2 inch and 130 pounds.

Gaskins' serial crime began before the concept was even realized, as a juvenile, which included along with a group of other youths: robberies, assaults and a gang rape.  In prison, he was regularly raped.  He escaped from prison in 1955 by sitting in the back of a garbage truck and fled to Florida; he was re-arrested, remanded and paroled in August 1961.

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Gaskins murdered several teenaged girls and young women.  He was later found guilty of eight counts of murder and sentenced to death by South Carolina.  While on death row, Gaskins murdered a fellow death row inmate, earning him the title "Meanest Man in America".  Gaskins was put to death in the electric chair by South Carolina on September 6, 1991.

Related pages
Albert Fish
Harvey Glatman

1933 births
1991 deaths
Executed American serial killers
People executed by electric chair
People from South Carolina
American cannibals
American robbers
American rapists
American people convicted of attempted murder
Tomiris is a commercial movie about  Queen Tomiris.  This historical drama is about the ruler of the Massagetae in the sixth century B.C.  

The movie was released in September 2019.  Its plot is based on material from Herodotus as told through Al-Farabi.  It tells how Tomiris led her nomadic people to victory over Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire when he invaded her land. 

The movie's director was Akan Satayev.  "The historical drama was filmed based on order of the Kazakh Ministry of Culture and Sports."  The producer was Aliya Nazarbayeva.   The movie was made by the  Kazakhfilm Film Studio with participation of Sataifilm.  The movie's director of props was Kuat Tleubaev.  It cost 2.259 billion tenge (about 6,500,000 US$) to make.   It was filmed in Kazakhstan. 

Running time is 155 minutes. 

According to the Astana Times online, the movie "earned 480 million tenge (US$1.2 million) by the end of October and was screened more than 800 times throughout Kazakhstan."  

Tomiris was one of three Kazakhstani movies in the Golden Globes long list of candidates for the Foreign Language Film category.  

At France’s 26th L’Étrange Festival, 20202, it won the Nouveau Genre Great Prize in the International Feature Film Competition. 

The movie was scheduled to be released in Turkey in April 2020.

Languages 
The narrative is in Russian with Kazakh subtitles.  The characters speak in ancient Turkic and Persian languages.

Cast
 Almira Tursyn     as Tomiris
 Aizhan LighG      as Princess Sardana
Gassan Massoud as Cyrus the Great 
 Murat Bisenbin     as Spargap, Tomiris's father and the Chief
Adil Akhmetov       as Tomiris's husband Argun
 Azamat Satybaldy  as Kavaz
Berik Aitzhanov       as  Kurtun
 Ayan Otepbergen 
 Asylkhan Tolepov
 Erkebulan Dairov      as Khoman
Sain Ferhad            as Immortelle

References

2010s historical movies

Other web sites
 https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7985648/?ref_=nv_sr_1?ref_=nv_sr_1
 Official flim page: http://sataifilm.kz/9-filmy/32-tomiris 
 Review: https://asianmoviepulse.com/2020/09/film-review-the-legend-of-tomiris-2019-by-akan-satayev/
SMNI TV 39 of Sonshine Media Network International (DWAQ-TV channel 39), is a flagship television station of Philippine religious television network  Sonshine Media Network International (SMNI). Its studios is located at ACQ Tower, Sta. Rita Street, EDSA, Guadalupe Nuevo,  Makati City and its transmitter is located at KJC Compound, Barangay Sauyo, Novaliches, Quezon City. DWAQ-TV now operates 24 hours daily, 365 days a year non stop operation.

Other websites 
 SMNI.com

Filipino television stations
Metro Manila
James Steele Gracey (born August 24, 1927) is a former United States Coast Guard admiral. He was the 17th Commandant of the United States Coast Guard from 1982 to 1986. He was born in Newton, Massachusetts. He was active during the Korean War and the Vietnam War.

References

1927 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Korean War
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Newton, Massachusetts
Paul Alexander Yost Jr. (born January 3, 1929) is a retired United States Coast Guard admiral. He was the 18th Commandant of the United States Coast Guard from 1986 to 1990.

References

1929 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Korean War
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Florida
James Milton Loy (born August 10, 1942) is a retired United States Coast Guard admiral. He was Acting United States Secretary of Homeland Security in 2005 and U.S. Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security (DHS) from December 4, 2003, to March 1, 2005. 

He was the second administrator of the Transportation Security Administration from 2002 to 2003, and before that as the Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard from 1998 to 2002.

References

1942 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Homeland Security
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Politicians from Pennsylvania
Independent politicians in the United States
General Joseph P. Hoar (born December 30, 1934) is a retired U.S. Marine Corps officer. He was Commander in Chief of United States Central Command. He retired from the Corps on September 1, 1994.

References

1934 births
Living people
American generals
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Boston, Massachusetts
Joseph J. Went (born September 16, 1930) is a retired United States Marine Corps four-star general.  His final job was as Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps and Chief of Staff.  He retired in 1990 after 38 years of service.

References

1930 births
Living people
American generals
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Connecticut
New Milford is a town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is the largest town in the state in terms of land area at nearly . The population was 28,142 according to the 2010 Census.

References

Towns in Connecticut
General Thomas R. Morgan (born January 6, 1930) is a retired American military personnel. He was the Assistant Commandant of the United States Marine Corps from June 1986 until he retired on July 1, 1988 after completion of more than 36 years of active service.

Awards and decorations
General Morgan's personal awards and decorations include: <center>

References

1930 births
Living people
American generals
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Pennsylvania
George B. Crist (born January 23, 1931) is a retired four-star general of the United States Marine Corps. He was the first Marine to be promoted as a Unified Commander — serving as Commander in Chief, United States Central Command from 1985 to 1988.

Awards
His military decorations include: <center>

References

Other websites

1931 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Korean War
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
American generals
People from Hartford, Connecticut
John Kerry Davis (born March 14, 1927) is a retired United States Marine Corps four-star general.  Davis, a Vietnam War veteran, was the Commanding General of the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (1977–1978) and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (1978-1978). 

His final job was as the Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps from July 1, 1983 to June 1, 1986.

References

1927 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
American generals
People from New Mexico
Paul Xavier Kelley (November 11, 1928 – December 29, 2019) was a United States Marine Corps general. He was the 28th Commandant of the United States Marine Corps from July 1, 1983, to June 30, 1987.

In February 1980, Kelley was promoted to lieutenant general and named as the first Commander of the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force.

Kelley died on December 29, 2019 at a care facility in McLean, Virginia from Alzheimer's disease-related problems at the age of 91.

References

1928 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in Virginia
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
American generals
People from Boston, Massachusetts
John William Foss (February 13, 1933 – April 25, 2020) was a retired United States Army four-star general. He was a commander of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command.

Foss died on April 25, 2020 at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs bio
National Infantry Foundation bio
Ranger Hall of Fame Inductees
West Point Distinguished Graduate Recipients
Gloria Foss Obituary

1933 births
2020 deaths
American generals
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Minnesota
Frederick F. Woerner Jr. (born August 12, 1933) is a retired four-star general of the United States Army. He was Commander-in-Chief of United States Southern Command, former Chairman of the American Battle Monuments Commission, and Professor Emeritus of Boston University.

References

American generals
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1933 births
Living people
General Louis Carson Wagner Jr. (born January 24, 1932) is a retired United States Army four-star general. He was Commanding General, United States Army Materiel Command (CG AMC) from 1987 to 1989.

Awards
  Distinguished Service Cross
  Army Distinguished Service Medal with one oak leaf cluster
  Silver Star
  Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster
  Bronze Star
  Purple Heart
  Meritorious Service Medal
  Air Medal with oak leaf cluster
  Army Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters
  Combat Infantryman Badge
  Senior Parachutist Badge
  Ranger Tab

Other websites
Speaking Out After Decades of Silence

1932 births
Living people
American generals
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Missouri
James Joseph Lindsay (born October 10, 1932) is a retired United States Army four-star general. He was the first commander of the United States Special Operations Command.

References

Other websites

1932 births
Living people
American generals
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Wisconsin
Carl Edward Vuono (born October 18, 1934) is a retired United States Army general. He was the Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1987 to 1991.

Awards and decorations

Other websites
U.S. Army biography

1934 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
American generals
People from Pennsylvania
Monongahela is a city in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is  south of Pittsburgh.  The population was 4,300 at the 2010 census.

References

Cities in Pennsylvania
William Dee Smith (born February 9, 1933) is a retired United States Navy four star admiral. He was United States Military Representative, NATO Military Committee (USMILREP) between 1991 & 1993.  Smith retired in 1993.

References

People from Denver, Colorado
American military people
1933 births
Living people
Valmeyer is a village in Monroe County in the U.S. state of Illinois, on the Mississippi River. The population was 1,263 at the 2010 census.

References

Villages in Illinois
Sylvester Robert "Bob" Foley Jr. (born September 19, 1928) is a retired four star admiral in the United States Navy. He was Commander in Chief Pacific from 1982 to 1985. He was born in Manchester, New Hampshire.

References

1928 births
Living people
American military people
People from Manchester, New Hampshire
Admiral Thomas Bibb Hayward (born May 3, 1924) was Chief of Naval Operations for the United States Navy from July 1, 1978, until June 30, 1982, after which he retired from military service.

References

1924 births
Living people
American military personnel of World War II
American military personnel of the Korean War
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Glendale, California
Harry Depue Train II (born November 5, 1927) is a retired United States Navy admiral and a Senior Fellow at the Joint Advanced Warfighting School at the Joint Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Virginia.

Awards and decorations
<center>

References

Other websites
 Profiles at SourceWatch

1927 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Korean War
People from Washington, D.C.
Ronald Jackson Hays (born August 19, 1928) is a retired United States Navy four star admiral. He was Vice Chief of Naval Operations (VCNO) from 1983 to 1985; and as Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Command (USCINCPAC) from 1985 to 1988.

References

1928 births
Living people
American military people
People from Louisiana
Urania is a small town in La Salle Parish, Louisiana United States. The population was 1,313 at the 2010 census. Urania is taken from the Greek muse of astronomy. Hardtner served in both houses of the Louisiana State Legislature from La Salle Parish as well as long service on the La Salle Parish Police Jury.

References

Towns in Louisiana
Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers ( , ; 15 April 17973 September 1877) was a French politician and historian. He was the second elected President of France, and the first President of the French Third Republic.

Other websites
 Site listing links to the Third Republic
 Page on history of French flags with brief outline of formation of the Third Republic
 "The Reds' Last Stand" – about the Paris Commune on metropoleparis.com
 Timeline of The Civil War in France (including the Paris Commune)

1797 births
1877 deaths
Deaths from stroke
French historians
Presidents of France
Prime Ministers of France
Ashley Nicolette Frangipane ( ; born September 29, 1994), known professionally as Halsey ( ), is an American singer-songwriter. She was signed by Astralwerks in 2014 and released her debut EP, Room 93, later that year.  In 2015, she released her album Badlands, peaking at number two on the Billboard 200 album chart.  She released Hopeless Fountain Kingdom in 2017, which reached number one.

Halsey was featured on the Chainsmokers' 2016 single "Closer", which topped charts in several countries worldwide.  She released "Without Me" in October 2018 as the lead single from her 2020 studio album, Manic.  "Without Me" became her second US number-one hit after "Closer". Manic peaked at number two in the US.

In December 2020, Frangipane revealed the use of she/they pronouns in her Instagram bio. She released a makeup line, About-Face, in January 2021.

On July 14, 2021, Frangipane gave birth to her first child, Ender Ridley Aydin, with boyfriend Alev Aydin, an actor and filmmaker.

References

1994 births
Living people
American pop singers
American R&B singers
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American activists
American singer-songwriters
Actors from New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Singers from New Jersey
The Democratic Party (Italian: Partito Democratico, PD) is an Italian political party. It's secretary is Nicola Zingaretti.

From the birth of the Conte II Cabinet, the Democratic Party formed a coalition with the Five Star Movement.

Since 2014, the party has been a member of the Center-left Party of European Socialists group in the European Parliament.

References 

2000s establishments in Italy
2007 establishments in Europe
Political parties in Italy
CD Choice is a record label from Bangladesh. CD Choice produces cassettes, CDs, VCDs and DVDs of dramas, television films, movies, and music. CD choice is the largest record label company in Bangladesh. The owner of the company is Jahirul Islam Sohel and the CEO is Ashikul Islam.

References

Other websites
 Official Website

21st-century establishments in Bangladesh
2006 establishments in Asia
Bangladeshi record labels
Dhaka
G-Series is a Bangladeshi record label. The company produces cassettes, CDs, VCDs, and DVDs of dramas, telefilms, movies, and music. It is one of the largest companies in Bangladesh. The owner of the company is Nazmul Haque Bhuiyan. The Daily Star described it a major record label in Bangladesh.

References

Other websites
 G-Series Official Website

21st-century establishments in Bangladesh
1983 establishments in Asia
Bangladeshi record labels
Dhaka
Eagle Music is a leading record label company in Bangladesh, basically acquisition, production and distribution of Bengali movie, drama, music video, music album and also contributed television program as well. The owner of the company is Kachi Ahmed.

History
Eagle Music established by Kachi Ahmed. Eagle Music YouTube channel crossed the milestone of 2 million subscribers and received Golden Play Button award from YouTube authorities. On 21 October, 2013 Eagle Music Company YouTube channel was launched. Since its inception, over 1000 Bengali films and over 500 music albums and television drama have been released. The song Oporadhi is the first Bangladeshi song, which has secured its place in YouTube global ranking.

Types
 Bengali Movie
 Bengali Drama
 Folk Songs
 Audio and Video song

References

Other websites
 Official Website

Bangladeshi record labels
Dhaka
Spirit AeroSystems, Inc. ("Spirit") is the world's biggest first-tier aerostructures manufacturer. They are in Wichita, Kansas. Spirit's main competition comes from Triumph Aerostructures - Vought Aircraft Division, UTC Aerospace Systems, Leonardo, and Kawasaki Heavy Industries.

References

Other websites
 
 "Spirit gets first shot at non-Boeing job", Wichita Business Journal, October 16, 2005
 "Spirit plans mega project with $1 billion investment and 1,000 more jobs in Wichita", The Wichita Eagle, December 6, 2017

Companies based in Kansas
2005 establishments in the United States
Aerospace engineering
Defense contractors
A humid continental climate  is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900. A place with a humid continental climate has big seasonal temperature differences. It has warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes very cold in the northern areas) winters. Precipitation usually happens throughout the year. In a humid continental climate, the average temperature of the coldest month must be below  (or ) and there must be at least four months whose average temperatures are at or above .

Humid continental climates are usually found between latitudes 40° N and 60° N, within the central and northeastern parts of North America, Europe, and Asia.

References

Climate
Köppen climate classifications
Assens is a municipality in Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

The community decided to merge their municipality with Malapalud, with effect from 1 January 2009.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Denezy was a municipality of the Gros-de-Vaud in the canton district of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Chanéaz, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges and Thierrens joined together to become the new municipality of Montanaire.

References 

2013 disestablishments in Switzerland
Former municipalities of Vaud
Peyres-Possens was a municipality of the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Chanéaz, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges and Thierrens joined together to become the new municipality of Montanaire.

References 

2013 disestablishments in Switzerland
Former municipalities of Vaud
Saint-Cierges was a municipality of the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Chanéaz, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges and Thierrens joined together to become the new municipality of Montanaire.

References 

2013 disestablishments in Switzerland
Former municipalities of Vaud
Montanaire is a municipality in the Gros-de-Vaud district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2013 when the former municipalities of Chanéaz, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges and Thierrens joined together to become the new municipality of Montanaire.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of the municipality of Montanaire 

2013 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Vaud
Penthalaz is a municipality in the Gros-de-Vaud district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Penthalaz - official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
The Kansas Board of Regents is an organization that governs six state universities in the U.S. state of Kansas. It also supervises and coordinates nineteen community colleges, five technical colleges, six technical schools and a municipal university. It has nine members.

Member selection 
The Kansas Board of Regents has nine members. All of them are chosen by the Governor of Kansas. Each Board Member also serves on committees that help solve higher education issues.

References

Other websites
 
 K-State's Archive of KS Regents Communication Records 
 Kansas Board of Regents publications at State Library of Kansas' KGI Online Library 

Education
Kansas
Hacksaw Ridge is a 2016 biographical war drama movie. It was directed by Mel Gibson and written by Andrew Knight and Robert Schenkkan. It was based on the 2004 documentary The Conscientious Objector. The film focuses on the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss, an American pacifist combat medic who did not carry or use a weapon or firearm of any kind. This was because he was a Seventh-day Adventist Christian. Doss became the first conscientious objector to be awarded the Medal of Honor, for service above and beyond the call of duty during the Battle of Okinawa. Andrew Garfield stars as Doss, with Sam Worthington, Luke Bracey, Teresa Palmer, Hugo Weaving, Rachel Griffiths, and Vince Vaughn in supporting roles.

The movie was released in the United States on November 4, 2016. It made $175.3 million worldwide and received mostly positive reviews, with Gibson's direction and Garfield's performance getting praise. Hacksaw Ridge was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of its top ten Movies of the Year. It got many awards and nominations.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 

2016 drama movies
2010s biographical movies
2010s war movies
American biographical movies
American war movies
American drama movies
Australian biographical movies
Australian drama movies
Movies directed by Mel Gibson
Oulens-sous-Echallens is a municipality in the Gros-de-Vaud district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Naz was a municipality in Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011 the former municipalities of Dommartin, Naz, Poliez-le-Grand and Sugnens joined together to become one new municipality called Montilliez.

References

Other websites 

 

2011 disestablishments in Switzerland
Former municipalities of Vaud
Adrienne Monique Coleman (or Monique Jordan; born November  13, 1980) is an American singer, actress, entrepreneur and dancer. She co-starred in Disney's High School Musical movies; she played Taylor McKessie. On ABC's Dancing with the Stars, she finished in the fourth place.

In Columbia, South Carolina, at a very young age, Coleman started her acting career in theatre and television.

Monique Coleman was born in Orangeburg, South Carolina.

Filmography

Awards
19th Annual Young Artist Awards (1996–1997)
Best Performance in a TV MOVIE or FEATURE FILM: Young Ensemble – "Ditchdigger's Daughter"
Best Family TV MOVIE/ PILOT/MINI-SERIES (CABLE) – The Ditchdigger's Daughters, Family Channel
Character and Morality in Entertainment Awards (CAMIE) 2006 – The Reading Room
Teen Choice Awards 2006 Award for Choice TV Show: Comedy/Musical – High School Musical
American Music Award 2007 for High School Musical 2
Teen Choice Awards 2009 Award for Choice Movie: Music/Dance – High School Musial 
Daytime Emmy Awards 2019 : Outstanding Host ( Pending)

References

Singers from South Carolina
Actors from South Carolina
American television actors
American movie actors
1980 births
Living people
A hiatal hernia is a kind of hernia in which abdominal organs, usually the stomach, slip through the diaphragm. This may result in gastroesophageal reflux disease (or GERD) or heartburn. There are other symptoms, like dysphagia (or trouble swallowing) and chest pain. Other problems may include bowel obstruction and iron deficiency anemia.

The most common risk factors are obesity and older age. Other risk factors are scoliosis, injury and several types of surgery.

Between ten and eighty percent of people in the United States are affected with hiatal hernias.

The symptoms from a hiatal hernia might be improved by changes, like weight loss, changing eating patterns and raising the head of a bed.

Types of hiatal hernia 
Sliding hiatal hernia:- This happens when part of the stomach and the place where the stomach and esophagus meet slide up into chest through the opening (hiatus).

Paraesophageal hernia:- Happens when part of stomach pushes up through the opening (hiatus) into chest and is next to the esophagus.

Symptoms 

 Burping
 Feeling nauseous
 Vomiting
 Backflow (reflux) of acid or stomach contents into the esophagus or throat
 Heartburn
 Regurgitation
 Trouble swallowing

References

Health problems
Scoliosis is a medical condition in which the human or animal spine has a sideways curve. The curve is usually S-shaped or C-shaped. In some, the curve is stable. In others, though, 
it increases over time. Mild scoliosis does not often cause problems. Severe cases, however, can interfere with breathing and can cause pain.

The cause of most cases is unknown. However, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include having affected family members.

Diagnosis is often confirmed with x-rays.

Scoliosis usually occurs between ages 10 and 20. Males can be affected, although females are more often affected.

References

Health problems
An environmental factor (also called eco factor) is any factor which influences living organisms. Abiotic factors include ambient temperatures, the amounts of sunlight and PH of water soil in which organisms live. Biotic factors include the availability of food organisms and the presence of predators, parasites and competitors.

Cancers are often related to environmental factors. Having a healthy diet, healthy weight, limiting alcoholic drinks and quitting or not starting smoking cuts down the risks of getting cancer.

Environmental triggers for asthma and autism have been studied also.

References

Diseases and disorders
A consortium (which may also be called syndicate) is formed by two or more independent companies, individuals, or other economic actors that work together for a limited amount of time, usually to fulfill a purpose. Consortia are common in the building industries, roads and bridges are often built by consortia.

Overview 
Very broadly speaking there are two kinds of consortia:
Companies doing the same thing associate for a project. This is usually done, because each of the companies alone would not be able to handle the business, or the risk of faliing would be too big for one company alone. Forming a consortium allows these companies (which are not part of the same holding company) to handle the project.
Companies doing different things unite for a project. Each company acts on its own, and only bears the risks associated with the parts of the job it executes.
The term can be traced to the 16th century, where it developed from con sortes, which is the plural of Latin consors. It can roughly be translated as united by fate. The english word consort probably has the same origin.

The company Airbus started as a consortium of different companies with the aim of building airplanes. 

In 1970, they officially formed a groupement d'intérêt économique (which is a consortium, in the French legal system). Today, Airbus is a Societas Europaea, a shareholding company under European law. Not all consortia are done for profit: The Unicode consortium wants to promote the Unicode standard. It is a non-profit organisation, based in California.

Economics
Law
People who form a couple, or who are married, very often have an agreement that they will only have sex with each other, and with no one else. If one of the two has sex with someone else, this is called infidelity.

Infidelity is common: About half of the men, and a quarter of women reported having an extra-marital affair, according to the Kinsey Reports, done in the 1950s.

In many countries, where religion is still present in everyday life (mostly in  Africa, the Middle East, and Asia), being untrue to the one you love is a criminal offense. In most European countries, and the Americas, it is no longer a crime punishable by law.

Related pages 
 Adultery is the same concept, but usually has a religious background.
 Cuckolding

References

Other websites
Who Cheats More? The Demographics of Infidelity in America

Deception
Family
Human communication
Human sexuality
Marriage
Relationships
Sexuality
Sociology
Bercher is a municipality in the Gros-de-Vaud district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of the municipality of Bercher 
 Aerial views
 

Municipalities of Vaud
Carlos Maria Alfonso Marcelo de Borbón-Dos Sicilias y de Borbón-Parma, Infante of Spain, Duke of Calabria (16 January 1938 – 5 October 2015) was, at his death, the last infante of Spain during the reigns of his cousins King Juan Carlos I and King Felipe VI.

Additionally, he was also one of two claimants to the headship of the dynasty which ruled the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies before to its incorporation into the Kingdom of Italy in 1861, in which capacity he was also the Grand Master of one of the three branches of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George.

References 

1938 births
2015 deaths
Knights of the Golden Fleece
Spanish House of Bourbon
Spanish infantes and infantas
Recipients of the Order of the Aztec Eagle
Swiss people
Spanish Roman Catholics
Chia-Hao Tang is a Taiwanese-Canadian actor based in Ontario, Canada. Chase Tang has acted mostly in TV series. In September 2019, it was announced that Tang joined the cast of an upcoming Netflix series called Jupiter's Legacy but was replaced by actor Micah Karns.

Early life 
Chase Tang was born in Taipei, Taiwan. In 1992 Tang's family migrated to Canada, where he was raised in Bedford, Nova Scotia. He is the youngest of 3 boys, his mother Shu Wei Chen was a stay at home mom & his father an entrepreneur. Chase played hockey for two years with the Halifax MacDonald's Hockey Midget Triple 'A' league. He attained his bachelor's degree in Business from the University of Guelph, Ontario. Chase was a successful corporate executive before deciding to leave it behind so he can follow his passion for the movie industry. Chase did not attend theatre school & step into his first ever acting class only in May 2016.

Career 
Tang's acting career began in 2017, with uncredited parts in the TV-series Designated Survivor, Shadowhunters: The Mortal Instruments, Suits and Kim's Convenience. He has also appeared in the short films Time, Space and Lee and View that earned him a trip to the 2018 Cannes Film Festival. His first professional acting was in a POM juice commercial. In 2019 Chase appeared in horror drama Slasher. In 2020 Tang appeared in HBO's Run. Tang signed an exclusive endorsement contract with Taiwanese-based organization Presotea Global to be their Global Wide Spokesperson. As part of this role, Tang will shoot a commercial campaign in Taiwan and his photos will be used in all 400 of Presotea's global locations, as well as on the brand's cups.

Activist 
Chase Tang is using his celebrity platform to help those living with mental illness. In October 2019, the Taiwanese Canadian actor posed with a globe for "The World is in Our Hands", a United Nations initiative to raise awareness about climate change. Other entertainers participating include Joaquin Phoenix, Alec Baldwin, Antonio Banderas and Susan Sarandon, among others.

Filmography

TV series

References

Other websites 
 
 
 Chase Tang on Instagram
 Chase Tang g on Twitter
 Chase Tang on Facebook
 Chase Tang on YouTube

1988 births
Living people
Taiwanese actors
The Orange River (officially called Oranje) is a river in Southern Africa. It is  long. It starts in Lesotho, and is the longest river there. For large parts of its course, it forms the border between South Africa and Namibia.

Geography
The Orange river basin extends into South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana. The river starts in the Drakensberg mountains. It passes only through the city of Upington: it does not run through other major cities.

Economic usage
The river is important for the South African economy. Its water is used for irrigation and hydroelectric power. The river was named the Orange River in honor of the Dutch ruling family, the House of Orange, by the Dutch explorer Robert Jacob Gordon.

Ramsar sites
Rivers of Africa
Lesotho
Geography of Namibia
Geography of South Africa
Lariboisière Hospital (French: Hôpital Lariboisière) is a hospital in Paris. It is one of Europe's largest hospitals. It was created in 1854. It is a partner of the Université de Paris.

References

Further reading 
   Hôpital Lariboisière

1850s establishments in France
1854 establishments in Europe
Hospitals in France
Buildings and structures in Paris
Bettens is a municipality in Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Bioley-Orjulaz is a municipality in Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Goumoens-la-Ville was a municipality in Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011 the former municipalities of Eclagnens, Goumoens-la-Ville and Goumoens-le-Jux joined together to become one new municipality called Goumoëns.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of the municipality of Goumoens-la-Ville 
 Aerial views
 

2011 disestablishments in Switzerland
Former municipalities of Vaud
Goumoëns is a municipality of the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011 the former municipalities of Eclagnens, Goumoens-la-Ville and Goumoens-le-Jux merged to form the new municipality of Goumoëns.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of the municipality of Goumoëns 

2011 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Vaud
Bottens is a municipality of the district Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Boulens is a municipality of the district Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Bournens is a municipality in the district Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Boussens is a municipality of the district Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Etagnières is a municipality of the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official site 

Municipalities of Vaud
Valerie Van Ost (25 July 1944 – 10 September 2019) was an English actress.

Acting career
At school, Van Ost became the youngest adult dancer at the London Palladium before moving into films and television at age 18. She appeared in four Carry On films - Carry On Cabby (1963), Carry On Don't Lose Your Head (1967), Carry On Doctor (also 1967) and Carry On Again Doctor (1969). Her other film roles included The Beauty Jungle (1964), Mister Ten Per Cent (1967), Casino Royale (1967), Corruption (1968), The Smashing Bird I Used to Know (1969), Incense for the Damned (1971), and the Hammer horror film The Satanic Rites of Dracula (1973). She appeared as the dim-witted Penny in an episode of The Avengers entitled "Dead Man's Treasure" (1967), and a year later was considered for the part of Diana Rigg's replacement as Steed's sidekick.

Post-acting
Van Ost retired from performing in 1982 to form a casting company with her husband, Andrew Millington.

Death
Van Ost died from liver cancer on 10 September 2019 at the age of 75.

Filmography

References

Other websites

1944 births
2019 deaths
Actors from Hertfordshire
Goumoens-le-Jux is a former municipality of the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011 the former municipalities of Eclagnens, Goumoens-la-Ville and Goumoens-le-Jux merged to form the new municipality of Goumoëns.

References 

2011 disestablishments in Switzerland
Former municipalities of Vaud
Crissier is a municipality of the Ouest lausannois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

It is a suburb of Lausanne.

References

Other websites 

http://www.crissier.ch 

Municipalities of Vaud
Poliez-le-Grand was a municipality of the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011 the former municipalities of Dommartin, Naz, Poliez-le-Grand and Sugnens joined together to become the new municipality of Montilliez.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of the municipality of Poliez-le-Grand  
 Aerial views
 

2011 disestablishments in Switzerland
Former municipalities of Vaud
Daillens is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is in the district of Gros-de-Vaud.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of Daillens 

Municipalities of Vaud
Mark Anatolyevich Zakharov (; 13 October 1933 – 28 September 2019) was a Soviet and Russian theater and movie director and playwright. He was best known for his Soviet-era fantasy movies. He was also known for his productions of plays at Moscow's Lenkom Theatre. 

He was also a professor of the Moscow Theatre Institute (GITIS).

References

1933 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Russian movie directors
People from Moscow
Russian playwrights
The Sultan of Kelantan is the constitutional head of Kelantan state in Malaysia. The executive power of the state is vested in him as the monarch of the state. The current sultan, Muhammad V, is the 29th Sultan of Kelantan. 

He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities of its people. He was the 15th  Yang di-Pertuan Agong. His reign as the monarch and head of state of Malaysia or Yang di-Pertuan Agong began on 13 December 2016, after his election on 14 October 2016 at the 243th (special) Conference of Rulers.

References

Malaysia
Sultan Ismail Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Yahya Petra (11 November 1949 – 28 September 2019) was the Sultan of Kelantan, Malaysia from 30 March 1979 until 13 September 2010. He was replaced by his son, Tengku Muhammad Faris Petra, as Sultan Muhammad V.

Sultan Ismail Petra died on 28 September 2019 at 8:11 am at the Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, aged 69.

Titles and styles
11 November 1949 – 10 July 1960: His Highness (Yang Amat Mulia) Tengku Ismail Petra ibni Tengku Yahya Petra
10 July 1960 – 11 November 1967: His Highness (Yang Amat Mulia) Tengku Ismail Petra ibni Sultan Yahya Petra
11 November 1967 – 21 September 1975: His Royal Highness (Yang Teramat Mulia) Tengku Ismail Petra ibni Sultan Yahya Petra, The Crown Prince (Tengku Mahkota) of Kelantan
21 September 1975 – 30 March 1979: His Royal Highness (Yang Maha Mulia) Tengku Ismail Petra ibni Sultan Yahya Petra, The Regent (Pemangku Raja) of Kelantan
30 March 1979 – 13 September 2010: His Royal Highness (Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia) Tuanku Ismail Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Yahya Petra, Al-Sultan of Kelantan
13 September 2010 – 28 September 2019: His Royal Highness (Duli Yang Maha Mulia) Sultan Ismail Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Yahya Petra

References

1949 births
2019 deaths
Malaysian people
José Aldunate Lyon (June 5, 1917 – September 28, 2019) was a Society of Jesus and Chilean teacher, worker, priest and human rights activist. He was awarded the National Prize for Human Rights in 2016.

References

1917 births
2019 deaths
Chilean educators
Centenarians
Roman Catholic priests
Human rights activists
Chilean people
Joachim Wilhelm "Jo" Messing (September 10, 1946 – September 13, 2019) was a German-American biologist. He was a professor of molecular biology and the fourth director of the Waksman Institute of Microbiology at Rutgers University.

Messing died at his home in Somerset, New Jersey on September 13, 2019, three days after his 73rd birthday.

References

1946 births
2019 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
German biologists
American biologists
Scientists from New Jersey
Henry "Hank" Buttelmann (June 26, 1929 – September 16, 2019) was an American fighter pilot of the United States Air Force in the Korean War and Vietnam War. He had seven victories over enemy aircraft in Korea, making him a flying ace. He gained his fifth kill on June 30, 1953, just after his 24th birthday, which made him the youngest ace of the war.

Buttelmann died on September 16, 2019 in Frankfort, Illinois at the age of 90.

References

1929 births
2019 deaths
American aviators
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
American military personnel of the Korean War
People from New York City
Anna Karin Larsson (later Ahlström, 30 August 1941 – 21 September 2019) was a Swedish swimmer. He won a bronze medal at the 1958 European Aquatics Championships in the 4×100 m freestyle relay. She competed in the same event at the 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympics and finished sixth in both games. She was eliminated in the preliminaries of the 100 m and 400 m freestyle.

References

1941 births
2019 deaths
Swedish Olympians
Swimmers
Delta is a city in Millard County, Utah, United States. The population was 3,436 at the 2010 census.

References

Cities in Utah
Dorthea Lauren Allegra Lapkus (born September 6, 1985) is an American actress and comedian. She is known for playing Susan Fischer in the Netflix original series Orange Is the New Black and Jess in the HBO series Crashing. 

She has also made appearances on such television shows as Jimmy Kimmel Live!, The Middle, Hot in Cleveland, The Big Bang Theory, and @midnight and movies such as Jurassic World.

References

1985 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
People from Evanston, Illinois
Actors from Illinois
Comedians from Illinois
DePaul University alumni
Jesper Hoffmeyer (21 February 1942 – 25 September 2019) was a professor at the University of Copenhagen Institute of Biology. He was the President of the International Society for Biosemiotic Studies (ISBS) from 2005 to 2015, co-editor of the journal Biosemiotics and the Springer Book series in Biosemiotics.

He authored the books Biosemiotics: An Examination into the Signs of Life and the Life of Signs and Signs of Meaning in the Universe and edited A Legacy for Living Systems: Gregory Bateson as Precursor to Biosemiotics.

Hoffmeyer died on 25 September 2019 of a heart attack at the age of 77.

References

1942 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Danish academics
Danish scientists
Biologists
Semioticians
Giovanni Bramucci (15 November 1946 – 26 September 2019) was an Italian road cyclist. He was born in Civitavecchia, Italy.

In 1968 he won bronze medals in the team time trial at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City and UCI Road World Championships. He finished eighth at the Olympics and tenth at the world championships. After that he turned professional, but had little success and retired in 1971.

References

1946 births
2019 deaths
Italian Olympians
Olympic bronze medalists
Italian cyclists
Édith Cresson (; born Édith Campion, 27 January 1934) is a French politician. She is the only woman to have held the office of Prime Minister of France from 1991 through 1992. During her tenure, many criticized her for being racist.

References

1934 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of France
Jean-Pierre Raffarin (; born 3 August 1948) is a French politician. He was Prime Minister of France from 6 May 2002 to 31 May 2005.

He was also Vice President of the Senate from 2011 to 2014.

References

1948 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of France
Alain Marie Juppé (; born 15 August 1945) is a French politician. He was a member of The Republicans. He was Prime Minister of France from 1995 to 1997 under President Jacques Chirac. He was President of the political party Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) from 2002 to 2004 and mayor of Bordeaux from 1995 to 2004.

He was Minister of Defence and Veterans Affairs from 2010 to 2011 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2011 to 2012.

He announced in 2015 his plan to run his party's primary election ahead of the 2017 presidential election. He came in second place in the first open primary of the right and centre, and in the run-off, he lost to François Fillon.

References

1945 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of France
French mayors
Laurent Fabius (; born 20 August 1946) is a French politician of Jewish descent. He was President of the Constitutional Council since 8 March 2016. He has been a member of the Socialist Party. He was the Prime Minister of France from 17 July 1984 to 20 March 1986. Fabius was 37 years old when he was appointed and is, so far, the youngest Prime Minister of the Fifth Republic.

Fabius was also President of the National Assembly from 1988 to 1992 and again from 1997 to 2000. He was Minister of Finance from 2000 to 2002 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2016.

Other websites
 Laurent Fabius' official page in the French National Assembly 
 Laurent Fabius' personal web page 
 His Speech  to the College Historical Society of Trinity College

1946 births
Living people
Government ministers of France
Jewish French politicians
Prime Ministers of France
Presidents of the National Assembly (France)
French Ministers of Finance
Aja Naomi King (born January 11, 1985) is an American actress. She began her career in guest-starring roles on television, and starred as Cassandra Kopelson in the The CW medical comedy-drama Emily Owens, M.D.. In 2014, King began starring as Michaela Pratt in the ABC legal drama series How to Get Away with Murder.

References

Other websites
 

1985 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Los Angeles