cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Substitutionary atonement is an important part of Christianity. Christians believe that Jesus was crucified in the place of sinners- he was a substitute, meaning that he took the place of the sinners.

Other websites
Carm page on Substitutionary Atonement

Christian theology
Argeo Paul Cellucci (April 24, 1948 – June 8, 2013) was an American politician and diplomat. He was the 69th Governor of Massachusetts and United States Ambassador to Canada.

Early life
Cellucci was born on April 24, 1948 in Hudson, Massachusetts. He studied at Boston College Law School and the private Hudson Catholic High School. Cellucci was married to Jan Cellucci until his death in 2013. They had two children.

Career
On November 3, 1998, Paul Cellucci was elected as Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, narrowly defeating Democratic attorney general Scott Harshbarger. He had successfully fought off a challenge from State Treasurer Joe Malone in the September primary. He was sworn in as the 69th Governor of Massachusetts on January 7, 1999.

On April 10, 2001, Cellucci resigned to become U.S. Ambassador to Canada, being appointed by President George W. Bush. This made him the second consecutive Massachusetts governor to resign in order to assume an ambassadorship: his predecessor William Weld resigned after being nominated to be Ambassador to Mexico by President Bill Clinton. (Weld was never confirmed by the United States Senate, however, and hence never was Ambassador.)

In 2008, Cellucci has said that after thirty-five years in public service he had no intention of seeking further office, and that while he had no interest in serving as Vice President, he did not exclusively rule it out. He supported John McCain's candidacy for president in 2008.

Death
On January 6, 2011, Cellucci announced his amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diagnosis, and that it was progressing relatively slowly. Cellucci died on June 8, 2013 in Hudson, Massachusetts from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, aged 65.

References

Other websites
 Official Commonwealth of Massachusetts Governor Biography
 Cato Institute, Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors: 2000, Cato Institute, Policy Analysis no. 391, February 12, 2001
 CBC news story of Cellucci's appointment as Ambassador, CBC, February 13, 2001
 CBC news story about Cellucci's planned departure from Canada, CBC, January 4, 2005
 Former U.S. ambassador Paul Cellucci joins Magna Entertainment, CBC, March 18, 2005

1948 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from motor neurone disease
Governors of Massachusetts
Lieutenant Governors of Massachusetts
Ambassadors of the United States to Canada
US Republican Party politicians
American Roman Catholics
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Iphigenia is the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra in Greek myth. She is a heroine in plays by Euripides and Jean Racine.

Other websites
Stanford page 
Euripides at Tufts
Racine text

People in Greek mythology
Andrew Geoffrey "Andy" Kaufman (January 17, 1949 – May 16, 1984) was an American entertainer, comedian, actor, and singer. Kaufman was known for his role as Latka Gravas in the comedy television series Taxi and for creating Tony Clifton, a fictional character.

Kaufman was born in New York City to a Jewish family. He was raised in Great Neck, Long Island, New York. Kaufman studied at Grahm Junior College. He was never married and had no children.

Kaufman died on May 16, 1984 in West Hollywood, California from a rare case of lung cancer, aged 35. He was buried at Beth David Cemetery, Elmont, New York.

Kaufman allegedly told many people—including Bob Zmuda—that he wished to fake his own death. This had caused some fans to believe Kaufman was still alive when he died. Kaufman himself said that if he were to fake his death, he would return 20 years later, which would have been in 2004. Many of Kaufman's fans saw a picture that looks similar to that of Andy.

There is a website related to this theory, and, recently, "a grainy video has surfaced that purports to show Kaufman living under an assumed name in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

References

Other websites

The Tony Clifton Story the "lost" Kaufman screenplay

1949 births
1984 deaths
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Cancer deaths in the United States
Comedians from New York City
Deaths from lung cancer
Jewish American actors
Jewish American comedians
Jewish American musicians
Singers from New York City
Ricardo Leyva Muñoz Ramirez, known as Richard Ramirez (February 29, 1960 – June 7, 2013) was an American serial killer, and burglar who died while awaiting execution on California's death row. He killed 13 people, tried to kill 5 people,and burglarized 14 buildings. He was captured on August 31, 1985.

Ramirez was born on February 29, 1960 in El Paso, Texas. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. In 1996, Ramirez married Doreen Lioy when he was in prison. Ramirez died of lymphoma at Marin General Hospital in Greenbrae, California on the morning of June 7, 2013. He was 53 years old. At the time of his death, Ramirez had been on death row for more than 23 years, awaiting execution by the state of California.

References

Other websites
 Crime Library: The Night Stalker
 History Channel: Richard Ramirez, the Night Stalker 
 Richard Ramirez' Pen Pal Ad on LostVault 
 , a 1989 TV movie
 About.com Entry on Richard Ramirez, the Night Stalker 
 TruTv entry on Ramirez

1960 births
2013 deaths
American burglars
American prisoners sentenced to death
American rapists
American serial killers
Cancer deaths in California
Criminals from California
Criminals from Texas
Deaths from lymphoma
People from Los Angeles
People convicted of attempted murder
People from El Paso, Texas
Hurricane Lili of 1996 was an intense storm. It caused over $662 million in damage and killed 22 people. It caused much damage in Central America, Cuba, Bahamas and United Kingdom. It also brushed southwestern Florida, but damage there was minimal. Winds of Lili peaked at 115 mph. Despite the heavy damage, the name Lili was not discontinued (retired) in the Spring of 1997.

Hurricanes
1996
Érik Joseph Bédard (born March 6, 1979 in Navan, Ontario) is a Canadian baseball player. As of 2013, he is a pitcher for the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball.

Career
He made his MLB debut for the Baltimore Orioles on April 17, 2002. He played for the Orioles in 2002 but suffered an elbow ligament injury that forced him to have operations on it and set his development back 18 months. After he spent most of the 2003 season in rehab, he returned to baseball. On July 7, he struck out 15 Texas Rangers, which matched the Orioles franchise record that was set by Mike Mussina. His 15 strikeouts also set the record for the most in a game by a Canadian player. He earned the American League Pitcher of the month award in that month.

On February 8, 2008, he was traded to the Seattle Mariners in a 5-for-1 deal which sent outfielder Adam Jones and pitchers George Sherrill, Tony Butler, Chris Tillman and Kam Mickolio. He played for the Mariners from 2008 to 2009 and again in 2011.

On July 31, 2011, he was traded along with minor league pitcher Josh Fields to the Boston Red Sox for minor league outfielders Trayvon Robinson and Chih-Hsien Chiang as part of a three team deal with the Los Angeles Dodgers and Seattle Mariners.

He played for the Red Sox in 2011. He was then signed by the Pittsburgh Pirates to a one-year, $4.5 million contract on December 7, 2011. He was released by the Pirates in August after he had 7 wins, 14 losses and an ERA of 5.02 in 24 starts.

On January 21, 2013, the Houston Astros signed him to a minor-league deal.

References

Other websites
Érik Bédard's MLB player profile

Baltimore Orioles players
Boston Red Sox players
Canadian baseball players
Houston Astros players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Seattle Mariners players
Sportspeople from Ontario
1979 births
Living people
Hurricane Chantal was a moderate hurricane that struck eastern Texas on August 1, 1989. It was Category 1 under the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It caused thirteen deaths and $100 million in damage in Texas and Louisiana. Near the end of its life, Chantal caused some flooding in the Chicago metropolitan area.

1989 in Illinois
Hurricanes in Texas
1989 in Texas
1980s in Louisiana
1980s in Chicago
32 fouettés en tournant is a movement in classical ballet. It is 32 fouettés en tournant performed without stopping.

Movement
One fouetté rond de jambe en tournant is an action where the dancer stands for a moment on flat foot with the supporting knee bent as the other "working" leg is whipped around to the side, creating the impetus to spin one turn. The working leg is then pulled in to touch the supporting knee as the dancer rises up en pointe on the supporting foot.

History
32 fouettés were first performed by Pierina Legnani in Marius Petipa's Cinderella in 1893.

Konstantin Skalkovsky, the dance critic for the St. Petersburg Gazette, went to the first performance of Cinderella. He reported that "...in the last act Legnani positively outdid herself. When Emma Bessone danced the lead in The Haarlem Tulip she did 14 fouettés. In her variation Legnani performed 32 of them without stopping, and without travelling one inch! The public delightedly applauded the Ballerina and compelled her to repeat this variation as well. On the repetition she nevertheless did 28 fouettés. To count them became the favourite occupation of the public."

Legnani repeated this feat again in many other ballets during her career. She performed them as Odile in the "Black Swan Pas de Deux" from Swan Lake (1895).

References 

Ballet
Miguel Angel Clemente Solano (born December 19, 1969 in Murcia) is a cyclist from Spain.  He has a disability: He is blind.  He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling.  He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the third person to finish in the men's visually impaired team pursuit race.

References 

Spanish cyclists
Living people
1969 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2004 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
People from the region of Murcia
Maurice Far Eckhard Tio (born July 26, 1983 in Barcelona) is a cyclist from Spain.  He has a disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a C2 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the third person to finish in the C2 road trial race.

References 

Spanish cyclists
Living people
1983 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
People from Barcelona
Johnson County is in the US state of Iowa. Its county seat and main city is Iowa City, where the University of Iowa is. Over 130,000 people live in this county.

1837 establishments in Wisconsin Territory
Iowa counties
Cesar Neira Perez (born December 15, 1979 in Cadalso de Los Vidrios, Madrid) is a cyclist from Spain.  He has a disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a C4 type athlete.  He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling.  He was the number one cyclists to finish in the Road Trial race. He was the number three cyclists to finish in the 	Individual Pursuit track race.  He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling.

References 

Spanish cyclists
Living people
1979 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
People from Madrid
John Napier Wyndham Turner  (June 7, 1929 – September 18, 2020) was a Canadian politician. He was the 17th Prime Minister of Canada from June 30 to September 17, 1984. He was the leader of the Liberal Party. He was born in Surrey, England. He and his mother moved to British Columbia in 1932 when his father died.

Turner was elected as a member of Parliament in 1962. He held several positions in Cabinet, including minister of justice and minister of finance under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau from 1968 to 1975. He resigned his ministry in 1975, and took a break from politics until 1984. During this time, he worked as a lawyer in Toronto. In 1984, Turner returned and successfully ran for the leadership of the Liberal Party. Turner held the office of Prime Minister for just 79 days. Immediately after being sworn in as Prime Minister, he dissolved Parliament and called for new elections. He lost that election by a wide margin. Turner remained as leader of the Liberal Party, and was the Leader of the Opposition for the next six years. His party slightly recovered in the 1988 election. Turner resigned as Opposition leader in 1990, and retired from politics in 1993. He worked as a lawyer he stopped being a politician.

Turner died on September 18, 2020 in Toronto at the age of 91.

References

Other websites

University of British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame 
CBC Digital Archives - The Long Run: The Political Rise of John Turner

 

Canadian lawyers
1929 births
2020 deaths
Prime Ministers of Canada
People from Surrey
People from Vancouver
Politicians from London
Order of Canada
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)
Canadian Queen's Counsel
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Iulia Motoc (born 20 April 1967 in Timişoara) is a Romanian law professor. From 2010 to 2014, she was a judge at the Constitutional Court of Romania. She was also a member of the Human Rights Committee for many years. She graduated from the School of Law at the University of Bucharest. In October 2013, she was made a judge at the European Court of Human Rights. In January she started her mandate as Judge at the European Court of Human Rights

Personal life
She is married to Mihnea Motoc (Permanent representative for Romanian to the EU). They have one child.

References

1967 births
Romanian lawyers
Romanian judges
Living people
Constitutional Court of Romania
Women judges
Tudorel Toader (born 25 March 1960, in Vulturu, Vrancea) is a Romanian lawyer. Since 2006, he has been a judge at the Constitutional Court of Romania. He was nominated to be a judge by the Chamber of Deputies. Between 1982 and 1986, he studied at The Law University at "Al.I. Cuza" Iași.

Education and formation
 Faculty of Law, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, between 1982 and 1986;
 The National Defence College within the National Defence University "Carol I", in 2004;
 Unirea High school of Focşani, Vrancea County

Qualification awarded
 Bachelor degree in Law
 PhD degree in Law, Criminal Procedure Law

Academic
 university professor, since 2003;
 university reader, 1998 - 2002;
 university lecturer, 1993 - 1998;
 university assistant, 1990 - 1993;

Judicial practice
judge of the Constitutional Court of Romania, since 2006;
lawyer in the Iaşi Bar Association, from 1991 until September 2006;
public prosecutor within the Panciu Prosecutor’s Office; Vrancea County, between 1986 and 1990;

Tenured professor teaching the following courses
Criminology, from 1993 to 1996
Criminal Law. Special Part, since 1994;
Offences regulated by special laws, since 1999;
European Criminal Law, since 2000.

1960 births
Living people
Romanian lawyers
Romanian judges
Constitutional Court of Romania
Donna Leanne Williams (born Donna Keene; 12 October 1963 – 22 April 2017) was an Australian singer-songwriter, author and artist. In 1991, she was officially diagnosed as autistic. She wrote four autobiography books: Nobody Nowhere, Somebody Somewhere, Like Colour to the Blind and Everyday Heaven. She also wrote several books on autistic spectrum conditions.

References

Other websites

Writers from Victoria (Australia)
1963 births
2017 deaths

Australian singer-songwriters
Musicians from Victoria (Australia)
Autobiographers
The autism rights movement is a social movement that wants changes for autistic people and their caregivers. It wants the autism spectrum to be accepted by society as just a difference in ability to function in daily life. It does not believe autism is a mental disorder that needs to be cured.

The autism rights movement is sometimes controversial.  It argues against the belief that most people with autism have low intelligence. Some people in the movement do not agree that this is true. There is fear that professionals, such as social workers, may try to prevent autistics from being married or having children. Also, people in the movement say that autistic people should not be treated differently from anyone else.

The movement has a variety of goals:
 more acceptance of autistic behavior
 treatment to teach autistic people how to cope with daily life
 opposing cures for autism
 creating more social networks and events for autistic people to attend as they are able
 recognizing autistic people as a minority group

Autism rights activists are sometimes called neurodiversity activists. Neurodiversity is a word for how everyone's brains are different. Autistic people have different brains to people who do not have autism. People who do not have autism are called neurotypical people. The word 'neurodiversity' is preferred to 'autism' because it is not saying that autism is a medical condition. 'Neurotypical' is said instead of 'normal' because people think that normal means better.

Related pages
 Autism spectrum
 Social movement and Activism
 Neurodiversity

References

Controversies
Autism
Human rights
Kids Incorporated, also called Kids Inc., was an American children's television program sitcom. The show had children with musical talent in every episode. The show was about singers/dancers and adolescents who had their own dance, rap and dance-rock pop band and group who cover songs, Kids Incorporated. They dealt with subjects like peer pressure and child abuse.

The pilot was recorded in August 31, 1983. It was released on VHS in 1985. The show began in September 1, 1984. The cast members were between eight and seventeen years old. Season 1 was aired on ABC, NBC, Nickelodeon, TBS Superstation, and CBS in 1984-1985. Season 2 was aired on CBN Cable Network and Nickelodeon in 1985-1986. Seasons 3-9 were aired on The Disney Channel in 1986-1994.

In 1984-1987, in seasons 1-3, Andrea Paige Wilson appeared as the 11-14 year old dancer and with Wendy Brainard as a 13-15 year old dancer.

In 1985-1989, in seasons 2-5, Gina Marie Vinaccia appeared as a 10-14 year old dancer.

In 1988-1989, in seasons 5-6, Kimberly Duncan appeared as a maybe 10-12 year old dancer.

In 1991, Fergie had a cameo appearance in the season 7 episode "A New Twist".

In 2016, season 10 will be aired on Disney Channel, Cartoon Network, Nickelodeon, and TeenNick. Seasons 1-10 will be re-aired or rerun on Disney Channel, Disney XD, TeenNick, Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network.

Spin-offs 
 Hannah Montana (2006-2011)
 A.N.T. Farm (2011-2014)

Other websites 
 Kids Incorporated unofficial website

1984 American television series debuts
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
2010s American television series
American children's television series
American sitcoms
English-language television programs
Oral cancer is cancer of any part of the mouth. It can start in the mouth, lips, or the oropharynx (the part of the throat at the back of the mouth).

A person can get oral cancer without having any other type of cancer.  However, oral cancer can also happen because of metastasis.  This means that the person had cancer in some other part of their body, and it spread to the mouth.  The person's cancer may be far away from the mouth, or it may be in a part of the body that neighbors the mouth.  For example, if a person has cancer of the nasal cavity, the cancer can spread to the mouth.

Types of Oral Cancers 
There are a few different types of oral cancers.  But about 90% (9 in every 10 cases) are a type called squamous cell carcinomas.  Squamous cells make up the main part of the outer layer of the skin.  These cells line the lips, mouth, and throat.  A "carcinoma" is a type of cancer that can start in these cells in the skin.

Squamous cell carcinomas most often start in the tongue.  But they can also start in any other part of the mouth, including the floor of the mouth (under the tongue); the inside lining of the cheek; the gums; the lips; or the palate (the roof of the mouth).

Other oral cancers include:
 Adenocarcinoma, which starts in a salivary gland
 Lymphoma, which can start in the tonsils 
 Melanoma, which can start from cells in the mucus membrane that lines the inside of the mouth

Causes of mouth cancer 
The main risk factors for most oral cancers are tobacco and alcohol consumption. Other risk factors may include:

 Family history of cancer.
 human papillomavirus (HPV)
 Smoking – If you are a cigarette, cigar or pipe smoker, you are six times more likely to get oral cancer than a non-smoker.
 Poor oral hygiene and gum disease
 Exposure to the sun

References

Cancer
Diseases and disorders of the mouth
Zil Çalınca (), is a Turkish television series. Zil Çalınca broadcast on the television channel Disney Channel Turkey.

Characters 
 Metehan (Turhan Cihan Şimşek): Handsome. Girls love Metehan. He can play guitar. He likes rock music.
 Merve (Elif Ceren Balıkçı): Metehan's sister. She is energetic and talkative. She is friends with Acar.
 Ada (Merve Hazer): Hardworking. She is President of the school. She loves Korcan
 Duygu (Miray Daner): The most beautiful girl.  Daughter of a wealthy family, she wants to be an actress.
 Korcan (Emir Çalıkkocaoğlu): Successful student. Korcan's mother and father are university teachers. He loves his mom and dad very much. He helps his friends with homework. He loves Duygu.
 Aslı (Aylin Üskaya): Athletic. She loves soccer. She has short black hair.
 Acar (Lorin Merhart): Genius. His friends call him "glasses" because he can not see without them.
 Tanıl (Berkay Mercan) : Loves physics and chemistry. He is the New Einstein
 Nisan (Yağmur Yılmaz) : Loves nature. Her favorite topics are the melting of glaciers, extinction of animals, organic food, the difference between vegetarians and vegans.
 Sarp (Fırat Can Aydın) : Playful student who wears funny hats, colorful scarves, and strange-looking sports shoes. He likes Nisan.

2012 television series debuts
Turkish television series
2010s establishments in Turkey
Julius Caesar is a 1953 movie based on the play by Shakespeare. It stars John Gielgud as Cassius, James Mason as Brutus, and Marlon Brando as Antony. Gielgud and Brando both won BAFTA awards for Best Actor (British actor, Foreign actor). Greer Garson played Calpurnia, and Deborah Kerr played Portia. The movie was directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz. The movie received very good reviews. It won the Academy Award for Best Art Direction. It also won two BAFTA awards for Best British Actor (John Gielgud) and Best Foreign Actor (Marlon Brando).

References

Movies based on plays by William Shakespeare
1953 movies
Academy Award winning movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Water scarcity is a lack of fresh  water to meet what is needed in a given area. For us, fresh water is drinkable, and sea water is not. This is because sea water has a high salt content, which humans (and many other land animals) cannot deal with. 

There are arid and deserted areas, and places where the water is too polluted to drink. It is a social, environmental and economic problem in many countries. 

Water scarcity can be the result of both human and natural causes. Changes in climate and weather patterns can cause the availability of water to drop. Common human causes include over-consumption, bad governance, pollution, and increases in the demand for water.

Different terms are used to describe different types of water scarcity:
A water shortage is when there is not enough water to meet demands. Changes in the weather, such as drought can cause water shortage.
Water stress is the difficulty of finding sources of fresh water for use.
A water crisis is a situation where the available supply of potable, clean water within an area is less than the demand for it.

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that by 2025, 1.9 billion people will be living in countries or regions with total water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world population could be under stress conditions. The World Bank has said that climate change could heavily change the future of water availability and use, and therefore increase water stress on a global scale.

Fresh water scarcity has negative affects on ecology, biodiversity, agriculture and human health.  It has also led to armed conflicts in several cases. Some countries upriver have built dams to satisfy their needs for drinking water, irrigation and electric power. These needs have grown as populations has grown, and as climate changes has reduced rain in some places. Down river from the dam, supply is usually reduced. This creates tension between countries. The River Jordan in the Middle East, and the Nile are two good examples of where this is happening.

Related pages
 Drought
 Desertification
 Desalination
 Irrigation
 Overpopulation
 Water footprint

References

Further reading

Scarcity
Environmental issues
Iain Menzies Banks (16 February 1954 – 9 June 2013) was a Scottish writer. He wrote fiction under the name Iain Banks. When he wrote science fiction books he wrote his name as Iain M. Banks. He was known for his book The Wasp Factory.

Banks was born on 16 February 1954 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. He studied at University of Stirling. Banks was married to Annie Banks from 1992 until they separated in 2007. Then he was married to Adele Hartley from March 2013 until his death. He had no children. Banks died on 9 June 2013 from gallbladder cancer after being diagnosed in early April. He was 59 years old.

References

Other websites

 Official site
 

1954 births
2013 deaths
British science fiction writers
Deaths from gallbladder cancer
People from Dunfermline
Scottish novelists
The Little Colonel is a 1935 movie. It was directed by David Butler. The screenplay by William M. Conselman was adapted from a book of the same name by Annie Fellows Johnston. The movie features the famous staircase dance by Temple and Robinson.

Main cast
 Shirley Temple as Lloyd Sherman
 Lionel Barrymore as Colonel Lloyd, father to Elizabeth and grandfather to Lloyd Sherman
 John Lodge as Jack Sherman, Elizabeth’s husband and little Lloyd’s father
 Ellen Venable as Elizabeth Lloyd Sherman, Lloyd Sherman's mother and Colonel Lloyd's daughter
 Bill 'Bojangles' Robinson as Walker, Colonel Lloyd’s butler
 Hattie McDaniel as Mom Beck, Elizabeth's housekeeper

Response
Andre Sennwald in his New York Times review of March 22, 1935 wrote, "[a]ll adrip with magnolia whimsy and vast, unashamed portions of synthetic Dixie atmosphere". He further wrote that the movie was "so ruthless in its exploitation of Miss Temple's great talent for infant charm that it seldom succeeds in being properly lively and gay".  He finished his review noting the audience applauded for a full eleven seconds after the final fade-out, and that the movie "ought to bring out the best in every one who sees it."

References

Other websites
 Annie Fellows Johnston and the Little Colonel
 Kate Matthews Collection (includes illustrations for The Little Colonel books by Johnston's friend and neighbor, photographer Kate Matthews)
 
 

Movies based on books
1935 movies
1930s comedy movies
1930s musical movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by David Butler
Curly Top is a 1935 musical movie starring Shirley Temple. It was directed by Irving Cummings. It is loosely based on the 1912 children's book Daddy-Long-Legs by Jean Webster. The movie tells the story of an orphan adopted by a rich man. Temple introduced one of her signature songs, "Animal Crackers in My Soup", in the movie.

Curly Top was a box office hit, but it was banned in Denmark for unspecified "corruption". In China, Madame Chiang Kai-shek asked for repeated private showings.

Cast
 Shirley Temple as Elizabeth Blair, an inmate of a dreary orphanage 
 John Boles as Edward Morgan, a rich trustee of the orphanage
 Rochelle Hudson as Mary Blair, Elizabeth’s teenage sister
 Esther Dale as Genevieve Graham, Morgan’s elderly aunt
 Arthur Treacher as Reynolds, Morgan’s English butler
 Jane Darwell as Mrs. Henrietta Denham, a heavy-set, elderly matron at the orphanage
 Rafaela Ottiano as Mrs. Higgins, the severe, thin-lipped superintendent of the orphanage
 Etienne Girardot as James Wyckoff, a stern, elderly, penny-pinching trustee of the Orphanage and the manufacturer of Wyckoff’s Cough Mixture
 Maurice Murphy as Jimmie Rogers, Mary's rich young suitor

References

1935 movies
Movies based on books
English-language movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Irving Cummings
The Little Princess is a 1939 movie. It was directed by Walter Lang.  It stars Shirley Temple. It is loosely based on the book A Little Princess by Frances Hodgson Burnett.  It was the first Shirley Temple movie to be filmed completely in Technicolor. It was also her last major success as a child star.

Main cast
 Shirley Temple as Sara Crewe
 Richard Greene as Geoffrey Hamilton
 Anita Louise as Rose
 Ian Hunter as Captain Crewe
 Cesar Romero as Ram Dass
 Arthur Treacher as Hubert 'Bertie' Minchin
 Mary Nash as Amanda Minchin

Story
Captain Crewe is called to fight in the Second Boer War. He leaves his daughter Sara at Miss Minchin's School for Girls. One day, his lawyer arrives in the school with news that Captain Crewe has died and his real estate has been confiscated. Sara is now a poor orphan. She becomes a servant in the school. Sara tires of her servant duties. She sneaks off to Veterans Hospital, convinced her father is not dead. She finds him wounded. They reunite joyfully.

Response
According to Variety, "Transposition of the Frances Hodgson Burnett several-generation favorite, Sara Crewe, is accomplished most successfully. The fairy-tale story is still saccharine to the nth degree, but once the basic premise is established, it rolls along acceptably. And, while the story has been changed for screen purposes, the general line is close enough."

Benjamin R. Crisler reviewed the film when it opened in New York City at the Roxy Theatre. He wrote, "With any other child on earth, it is amazing to reflect, The Little Princess would stand out as one of the most glaring exhibits of pure hokum in screen history; with Mistress Temple, it may very well be, as Mr. Zanuck unflinchingly proclaims, the greatest picture with which Mr. Zanuck has ever been associated."

Janet Maslin, writing for The New York Times 44 years later, called it "antiquated enough to seem charming" and concludes "[t]he movie's music, its corny but likable histrionics and its rousing patriotism (it was made in 1939) culminate in a happy ending sure to make even grown-up viewers cry."

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1939 movies
1930s drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in London
Movies set in the 1890s
Movies set in the 1900s
English-language movies
Movies directed by Walter Lang
Acrylic paint is a fast-drying paint containing pigment in an acrylic polymer emulsion. Acrylic paints can be diluted with water, but are water-resistant when dry. Depending on how much the paint is diluted (with water) or modified with acrylic gels, media, or pastes, the finished acrylic painting can resemble a watercolor or an oil painting, or have its own unique appearance.

Acrylic paint can give a much brighter, more vivid colour than oil paints. It has been much used in modern art, and is cheaper than oil paint, which is rather an expensive material. When dry, acrylic paint usually cannot be removed from a solid surface.

History 
In 1934, a German chemical company created acrylic resin. It was first used in the 1940s. Acrylics were commercially available as paint for artists in the 1950s. Later, many advances were made to acrylic paint as more and more people began using it.

Art materials
Paints
Christian Venge Balboa (born December 1, 1972 in Barcelona) is a cyclist from Spain.  He has a disability: He is blind.  He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in cycling.  He was the third cyclist to finish in the blind men's Tandem Individual Pursuit track race. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling.  He was the second cyclist to finish in the men's blind Combined Road race. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling.  He was the first cyclist to finish in the Tandem Time Trial Road race. He was the second cyclists to finish in the Tandem Individual Pursuit track race.  He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling.  He was the first cyclist to finish in the Road Trial race.

References 

Spanish cyclists
Living people
1972 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2000 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
People from Barcelona
Javier Otxoa Palacios (born August 30, 1974 in Vizcaya – August 24, 2018, Alhaurín de la Torre) was a cyclist from Spain. He was a race car driver before being run over by a car.  After being run over by a car, he decided to be a cyclist all the time. He has a disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a C3 type cyclist. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling.  He was the number 1 racer to finish in the Combined Road race. He was the number 2 cyclist in the Individual Pursuit track race. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling.   He was the number 1 racer to finish in the Road Trial race. He was the number 2 cyclist in the road race.

Otxoa won two gold medals and two silver medals at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and the 2008 Summer Paralympics.

Otxoa died on 24 August 2018 in Alhaurín de la Torre, Spain from sepsis at the age of 43.

References 

1974 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from sepsis
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
People from the Basque Country
Spanish cyclists
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
Vicente Garcia Salmeron (born January 9, 1970 in Granada) is a skier from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is a type B1 skier. He raced at the 1994 Winter Paralympics in para-alpine skiing. He was the second skier to finish in the super giant race.

References 

Spanish skiers
Living people
1962 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
People from Madrid
1994 Winter Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B1
Gabriel Gorce Yepes (born August 2, 1990 in Madrid) is a skier from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is a type B2 skier. He has raced with skiers who help him go down the mountain including Aleix Suñé, Félix Aznar and Arnau Ferrer. He raced in the European Cup and the IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup, at the IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and the 2010 Winter Paralympics.

References 

Spanish skiers
Living people
1990 births
People from Madrid
2010 Winter Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Marcos Manuel Llados (born March 26, 1962 in Madrid) is a ski athlete from Spain.  He has a disability: he cannot see. He is a B2 type skier.  He ski raced at the 1992 Winter Paralympics.  He was the number three skier in the giant slalom race.  He ski raced at the 1994 Winter Paralympics.  He was the number three skier in the super giant race.

References 

Spanish skiers
Living people
1962 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
People from Madrid
1992 Winter Paralympics
1994 Winter Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Daniel Lamata de La Torre (born June 22, 1970 in Abrera, Barcelona) is a wheelchair fencing athlete from Spain.  He has a disability: he uses a wheelchair and is a category B 2 fencer.  He fenced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  He finished third in the one person sword event.

References 

Spanish fencers
Living people
1970 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2000 Summer Paralympics
People from Barcelona
Pedro Antonio García Villa (born January 26, 1973 in Murcia) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind.  He played 5-per-team football at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  His team finished third after they played Greece and, won 2-0.

References 

Spanish footballers
Living people
1973 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2004 Summer Paralympics
People from the region of Murcia
Spanish 5-per-team footballers
Córdoba usually refers to:
 Córdoba, Argentina (pop. 1,300,000), capital city of the province, and the largest city with this name
 Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain (pop. 338,000), capital of the historic Caliphate of Córdoba, and the city from which the name originates

Córdoba may also refer to:

People 

 Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador) (d. 1517)
 Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (founder of Nicaragua) (d. 1526)
 Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1453–1515), Spanish military leader
 Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1585–1645), Spanish military leader
 Iván Córdoba (born 1976), Colombian footballer
 Piedad Córdoba (born 1955), Colombian senator

Places

Argentina 
 Córdoba Province, Argentina, one of the country's 23 federal provinces

Colombia 
 Córdoba, Quindío, municipality in Quindío Department
 Córdoba, Bolívar, municipality in Bolívar Department
 Córdoba, Nariño, town and municipality in the Nariño Department
 Córdoba Department, one of the country's 32 departments

Mexico 
 Córdoba, Veracruz

Spain 
 Córdoba Province (Spain)
 Córdoba (Spanish Congress Electoral District)
 Córdoba (Vino de la Tierra), wine producing region in Spain

Historical Islamic states 
 Emirate of Córdoba, 756–929
 Caliphate of Córdoba, 929–1031
 Taifa of Córdoba, 11th century

Other 
 Great Mosque of Córdoba
 Córdoba (Albéniz), Op. 232, No. 4, a musical composition by Isaac Albéniz
 Córdoba C.F., Spanish football club
 Cordoba Fighting Dog, an extinct Argentine dog breed
 Cordoba Guitars, a guitar manufacturer
 Nicaraguan córdoba, the currency of Nicaragua
 Chrysler Cordoba, a car produced by Chrysler
 SEAT Córdoba, a car manufactured by SEAT
Gonzalo Iván Largo Romero (born August 1, 1977 in Madrid) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind.  He played 5-per-team football at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  His team finished third after they played Greece and, won 2-0.

References 

Spanish footballers
Living people
1977 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2004 Summer Paralympics
People from Madrid
Spanish 5-per-team footballers
Alfredo Cuadrado Freire (born May 2, 1969 in Madrid) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is a B1 type sportperson.  He played 5-per-team football at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  His team finished third after they played Greece and, won 2-0. He played 5-per-team football at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.  His team finished third after they played Argentina and, won 1-0. 

He was a member of the national team in 2013 and competed in the European Championships.

References 

Spanish footballers
Living people
1973 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2004 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Madrid
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B1
Spanish 5-per-team footballers
Francisco Javier Muñoz Perez (born December 12, 1985 in Barcelona) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is a B1 type sportperson.  He played 5-per-team football at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.  His team finished third after they played Argentina and won 1-0.

He was a member of the national team in 2013 and competed in the European Championships.

References 

Spanish footballers
Living people
1985 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B1
Sportspeople from Barcelona
Spanish 5-per-team footballers
The autism spectrum quotient is a questionnaire which was first published in 2001 by the Autism Research Centre in Cambridge, UK. There are fifty questions in the test, and they are used to decide whether a teenager or an adult wtih average intelligence has symptoms of autism or related autism spectrum conditions. It is commonly used for self-diagnosis of autism-related spectrum conditions.

Autism
Hellebores are a type of plant.

Other websites
Hellebores

Ranunculales
Gesso is a primer or foundation for art painting on wood or canvas. It is a white paint mixture. It has a binder mixed with a pigment. Traditionally, the binder is glue or gelatin, the pigment is chalk, plaster or gypsum. 

Gesso is used in art to prepare a surfaces (wood panels, canvas and sculpture) for painting. Paint and/or other materials are applied on top of the gesso. One reason for covering the surface with gesso is that wood or canvas has a rough or uneven surface, and a colour. Gesso "priming" lets the artist's chosen subject show more clearly than it would otherwise. 

Even if a surface has no roughness, many artists still prime it before starting the painting proper, though they might use a paint or "wash" of their own choosing. They do this because the primer, though it cannot be seen directly, may change and help the quality of light reflected from the surface. Gesso, however, is specially useful for a rough or uneven surface.

Acrylic gesso  
Acrylic gesso, a widely used "ground", is a modern version which is cheaper and easier to use than the traditional type of gesso. It is a combination of calcium carbonate with an acrylic polymer medium latex, a pigment and other chemicals to ensure flexibility and increase life. It is technically not gesso at all.</sup>p321

The Painter's Handbook notes a problem with using oil paints over an acrylic gesso ground instead of a traditional oil ground, citing a mismatch in flexibility over time that could cause the oil paint to delaminate (flake off).p60

References 

Paints
Viktor Alexandrovich Hartmann (5 May 1834, St Petersburg – 4 August 1873, Kireyevo near Moscow) was a Russian architect and painter. 

Architects
Russian painters
1834 births
1873 deaths
Frances Eliza Hodgson Burnett (24 November 1849 – 29 October 1924) was a writer. She is famous for her children's books Little Lord Fauntleroy, A Little Princess, and The Secret Garden.

Sources 

1849 births
1924 deaths
British writers
A Little Princess is a children's book by Frances Hodgson Burnett. It was published in 1905. The story is about a rich little girl who suddenly becomes poor. The book has been made into stage plays, television programs, and movies.

In 2007, the National Education Association named the book one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children."

References

1905 works
Books by Frances Hodgson Burnett
British novels
English-language novels
Children's books
1900s books
Judith McConnell (born April 6, 1944 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American actress. She acts in soap operas. She played Sophia Wayne Capwell on the soap opera Santa Barbara. She also played Nurse Augusta McLeod on the series General Hospital.

Other websites

 

Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
American television actors
1944 births
Living people
Little Lord Fauntleroy is a children's novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett. The story was first published in parts (serialization) in St. Nicholas Magazine between November 1885 and October 1886. It was published in book form by Scribner's in 1886. It was illustrated by Reginald B. Birch. The book has been translated into several languages. The story is about a poor American boy who inherits a great English estate. The story has been made into stage plays, television programs, and movies.

References

1886 books
Books first published in serial form
Books by Frances Hodgson Burnett
English-language novels
Children's books
American novels
The Secret Garden is a children's novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett. It was published in parts (serialization) in The American Magazine in 1910. It was published in book form in 1911. The story is about three children whose lives are changed while tending a neglected garden. The story has been made into stage plays, television programs, and movies.

Other websites

 (plain text and HTML illustrated)
The Secret Garden, available at Internet Archive. New York : F. A. Stokes, 1911 (color scanned book)

1911 works
Books by Frances Hodgson Burnett
English-language novels
Children's books
20th-century American novels
Books first published in serial form
1910s books
Ragged Dick; or, Street Life in New York with the Boot Blacks is a boys' book by Horatio Alger, Jr. It was published in parts (serialization) in the magazine Student and Schoolmate in 1867. It was then published as a book in 1868 by A. K. Loring of Boston, Massachusetts. It was the first of six books in the Ragged Dick series. It was Alger's bestselling book.

Story
Ragged Dick is a poor bootblack (shoe shine boy) in New York City. He makes his life better by working hard and being honest. He opens a bank account and takes a frail boy named Fosdick into his little apartment. Fosdick teaches Dick to read, write, and do arithmetic. One day, Dick saves a rich man's child from drowning. He is rewarded with money and a clerk's job in the man's firm.

References

1868 books
Books by Horatio Alger, Jr.
Books first published in serial form
Children's books
English-language novels
American novels
Beyond: Two Souls is a video game made by Quantic Dream. 

The game was announced at Sony's press conference during the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2012 by the CEO of Quantic Dream David Cage. Canadian actor Elliot Page was confirmed to star in the game. The game is the final soundtrack that was composed by Normand Corbeil, who died of pancreatic cancer on 25 January 2013. Lorne Balfe took over as composer after Corbeil's death.

The plot
The player controls Jodie Holmes (Elliot Page) through 15 years of her life from age eight to age 23 as she goes on a journey to discover the true meaning of the entity Aiden, who has been alongside her throughout her life.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

2013 video games
PlayStation 3 games
The Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King is an American helicopter built by Sikorsky. It was used by the U.S. Navy between 1961 and 2006 for finding and destroying submarines, search and rescue, and utility. It produced under licence in Italy, Japan, and United Kingdom for military users. Civil helicopters are known as Sikorsky S-61.

Design 
Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King is a twin-engines helicopter, with a five-blade rotor. It is made of metal. It can carry torpedos or naval missiles like American Harpoon or French Exocet. It can carry up to 15 passengers or injured on board. The cockpit is for two people, pilot and co-pilot.

Military users 
Sea King is (or was) used in 2013 by : Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and USA. Countries that used British versions of Sea King are not included, see at Westland Sea King.

Bibliography 
 Jackson, Robert, Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
 Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .
 Biass, Eric H. World Helicopter Systems. Geneva, Switzerland : Interavia Data, 1985.

Helicopters
United States Navy aircraft
Sikorsky aircraft & helicopter
Neufchâtel is a French cheese product from Neufchâtel-en-Bray, in Seine-Maritime, Normandy. It generally takes the form of a heart or a small brick. It has a salty taste, and a similar texture to Camembert cheese. It is made from unpasteurized cow's milk. This cheese is protected by an Appellation d'origine contrôlée - meaning that no other area can claim to make it.

French cheeses
Normandy