cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A suburb is an area of a town or city, a little away from Downtown, where there are fewer big buildings and mainly houses, schools and shops. Such places are called suburban areas or suburban districts. Sometimes, the suburbs cover a very large area. The suburbs are part of the metropolitan area and may be legally part of the main city.

Since the Industrial revolution, urbanization has spread very quickly and far. Transport in the form of trams, buses, trains and cars allows commuting from distant homes to work in the inner city. This led to the growth of suburbs as residential areas. Housing commonly includes Detached houses and semi-detached houses and flats. Houses are built farther apart than in the inner city and there is often space for gardens and parks.

As cities grow outwards, they begin to take over the surrounding countryside. Authorities have created Green belts on the undeveloped land around a city to prevent urban sprawl and to prevent the towns and cities merging into one. They also encourage development within the town, and protect the countryside. The need for new houses, particularly large detached and semi-detached houses in pleasant surroundings, means that some areas of green belt land have been built on and others are threatened. That's because it is cheaper to build on empty land than to redevelop brownfield sites in older parts of the town or city.  

Cities
A skyscraper is a very tall high-rise building, usually more than 152 metres (500 feet) in height.  Most skyscrapers are built in urban areas such as cities, and they are very common in the central business district (also called downtown) areas of many large cities including New York City, Chicago, London, Paris, Sydney, Beijing, Berlin, Toronto, Moscow, Hong Kong and Tokyo.

History 
Originally, the word skyscraper meant a tall sail on a sailing ship. Over time, the word's meaning has changed, and today it means a tall building. Until the nineteenth century, buildings taller than six stories tall were not common. Tall buildings made of weak materials would fall down. In addition, people did not like walking up many steps and running water could only be brought up to fifty feet (15m) high.

Better technology helped make skyscrapers more common. Stronger building materials such as steel and reinforced concrete were developed, so stronger buildings could be made. Water pumps brought water up to heights above fifty feet.

The first building to be considered a skyscraper, the Home Insurance Building, was built in Chicago, Illinois in the United States, and was designed by William LeBaron Jenney. The building, ten stories high, was built from 1884 to 1885. It was destroyed in 1931 because they wanted to build another building in its previous place.

In the same year the Home Insurance Building was destroyed, one of the oldest and most famous skyscrapers, the Empire State Building, opened in New York City. Later in the 20th century, people started building skyscrapers in cities that did not have many tall buildings in the past. In 1973, the then-called Sears Tower in Chicago was finished and became the world's tallest building until the late 1990s. It took the record from the World Trade Center in New York City, which opened in 1970 but was destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks.

Many taller buildings have been built since then, including Taipei 101 in Taipei. This building was the world's tallest from 2004 until 2008, when the Burj Khalifa in Dubai opened. Burj Khalifa is at this time the tallest building and man-made structure ever made, but the Jeddah Tower in Jeddah, which is still being built, will be even taller.

Related pages
List of tallest structures in the world
List of tallest buildings in Australia
List of tallest buildings in Thailand
List of tallest buildings in the United States
In mathematics, integers are the natural numbers and their negatives. Integers can also be shown on a number line as follows:

In particular, zero is also an integer, but it is not positive nor negative. "Integer" is another word for "whole". An integer is a rational number with no "fraction", or part. An integer is a decimal number with all zeros after the decimal separator. For example, the integer 17 is the same as the decimal 17.0 or 17.0000.

An integer has a next smaller number and a next larger number. There is no smallest integer, just as there is no largest integer. Each integer is either larger than, equal to, or smaller than any other integer. Consecutive integers are integers that come after each other (as in ).

The sum of integers is an integer. The difference between integers is an integer. The product of integers is an integer (for example, (12 + 2345 x  (67 - 8) ) x 9 is an integer). An integer divided by an integer is sometimes not an integer (as in the case of 123 / 45).

 or  is the name of the set of integers, and  the set of positive integers. (, +, 0) is an abelian group.

The number of integers is infinite. The cardinal number of  is . The ordinal number of  is .

To sum up, an integer is a whole number that has no decimals.

In programming                                                                                                                             

In some programming languages, like C, there are types called "int" or "integer."

Notes                                                                                                                                                                          

Number theory
 
Mathematics
Natural numbers, also called counting numbers, are the numbers used for counting things. Natural numbers are the numbers small children learn about when they first started to count. Natural numbers are always whole numbers (integers excluding negative numbers) and often exclude zero, in which case one is the smallest natural number. The set of natural numbers can be represented by the symbol .

There is no largest natural number. The next natural number can be found by adding 1 to the current natural number, producing numbers that go on "forever". There is no natural number that is infinite in size. Any natural number can be reached by adding 1 enough times to the smallest natural number.

Non-natural numbers
The following types of numbers are not natural numbers:
 Numbers less than 0 (negative numbers), for example, −2 and −1
 Fractions, for example, ½ and 3¼
 Decimals, for example, 7.675
 Irrational numbers, for example,  and   (pi)
 Imaginary numbers, for example,  (i)
 infinity, for example,  and 
0 (if not include as a natural number)

Basic operations

 Addition; The sum of two natural numbers is a natural number. 
 
 
 
 Multiplication: The product of two natural numbers is a natural number. 
 
     
 
 
  

 Ordering: Of two natural numbers, if they are not the same, then one is bigger than the other, and the other is smaller.  m = n or m > n or m < n
 if l > m then l + n > m + n
 if l > m and l > 0 then l x n > l x m
 Zero is the smallest natural number: 0 = n or 0 < n
 There is no largest natural number n < n + 1

 "Subtraction": If n is smaller than m then m minus n is a natural number. If n < m then m - n = p. 
 if l - m = n then l = n + m
 if n is greater than m, then m minus n is not a natural number
 if l = m - n and p < n then l > m - p

 Division: If  then 

 Mathematical induction: If these two things are true of any property P of natural numbers, then P is true of every natural number
 if P is true of 1
and if P of n then P of n+1
then P is true of all natural numbers

Special natural numbers

Even numbers: If n = m x 2, then n is an even number
 The even numbers are 0, 2, 4, 6, and so on. Zero is the smallest (or first) even number.
Odd numbers: If n = m x 2 +1, then n is an odd number
 A number is either even or odd but not both.
 The odd numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7, and so on.
Composite numbers: If n = m x l, and m and l are not 0 or 1, then n is a composite number.
 The composite numbers are 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21 and so on.
Prime numbers: If a number is not 0, 1, and not a composite number, then it is a prime number.
 The prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 and so on. Two is the smallest (or first) prime number. Two is the only even prime number.
 There is no biggest prime number. 
Square numbers: If n = m x m, then n is a square. n is the square of m.
 The squares are 0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49 and so on.

How to write it 
 or  is the way to write the set of all natural numbers. Because some people say 0 is a natural number, and some people say it is not, people use the following symbols to talk about the natural numbers:

Related pages
 1 (number)
 Integer
 Zero
Number theory

References
Hollywood is a district in Los Angeles, California. It is very famous around the world as a place where movies and television series are made. It has many different attractions such as the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Universal Studios and the famous Hollywood Sign. Many tourists come to Hollywood to see all of these things. Because of the importance of Hollywood in the movie industry of the United States, the whole industry is often called "Hollywood", even though not all movies are made in Hollywood. This use of the word "Hollywood" is called metonymy.

Many historic Hollywood theatres are used as venues and concert stages to premiere major theatrical releases and host the Academy Awards. It is a popular destination for nightlife and tourism and home to the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The Hollywood Walk of Fame was created in 1958 and the first star was placed in 1960. It is a sidewalk along the Hollywood Boulevard and the USA. There are more than 2000 five-points stars on the walk featuring the names of artists working in the entertainment industry.

The first movie to be made entirely in Hollywood was the 17-minute short In Old California. It was directed by D. W. Griffith. It was released in 1910.

On the mountain overlooking Hollywood, there is a sign that is made of very big letters, spelling out its name. It´s called the "Hollywood sign". The huge Hollywood sign was built in 1923.

Related pages
 Bollywood

Other websites

Hollywoodland - George Reeves Biopic Movie

 
 Hollywood Photos 

Movie industry
Neighborhoods of Los Angeles
Luanda is the capital and the largest city of Angola. Its former name was Loanda. It is a main seaport of the country on the Atlantic Ocean. In 1995, about 3 million people lived there.

It is a center of manufacturing, but very destroyed because of a long civil war.

It was founded by Portuguese in 1575 as São Paulo de Luanda and has been the administrative center of Angola since 1627 (except for 1640–1648). When Angola got independence in 1975, it became the capital of Angola.

References

Cities in Angola
Capital cities in Africa
1575 establishments
Establishments in Angola
Establishments in Portugal
Events 
 Venus de Milo discovered.
 Hans Christian Ørsted discovers the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

Deaths 
George III of the United Kingdom (b. 1738)
Daniel Boone (b. 1734)

Books 
 The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. by Washington Irving
Cannibalism is where a person eats the flesh of another person. It is also called anthropophagy. Anthropologists are not sure how widespread it was, but it did happen in some societies. It also occurs in non-human animals.

The word 'cannibalism' comes from the Island Carib people of the Lesser Antilles. They got a long-standing reputation as cannibals when their legends were recorded in the 17th century. Some controversy exists over the accuracy of these legends.

Cannibalism was widespread in the past among humans in many parts of the world, continuing into the 19th century in some isolated South Pacific cultures, and to the present day in parts of tropical Africa. Cannibalism was certainly practiced in New Guinea and in parts of the Solomon Islands, and flesh markets existed in some parts of Melanesia. Fiji was once known as the 'Cannibal Isles'. Cannibalism has been well documented around the world, from Fiji to the Amazon Basin to the Congo Basin to the Māori in New Zealand.

References

Other websites 
 The cannibalism paradigm: assessing contact period ethnohistorical discourse, by James Q. Jacobs.  A critical, academic review of Mesoamerican cannibalism claims.
 BBC article about German cannibalism case
 Harry J. Brown, 'Hans Staden among the Tupinambas.'
 Lyrics and English translation of Mein Teil, the Rammstein song about the Meiwes incident
Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón  (6 July 1907 – 13 July 1954), usually known as Frida Kahlo, was a Mexican painter. She was known for her surreal and very personal works. She was married to Diego Rivera, also a well-known painter.

She was born in Coyoacán, Mexico. She had polio that left her disabled when she was 6 years old and some people think that she may have had spina bifida (a birth defect affecting the development of part of the spine) as well. She studied medicine and was going to become a doctor. Because of a traffic accident at age 18 which badly injured her, she had periods of severe pain for the rest of her life. After this accident, Kahlo no longer continued her medical studies but took up painting. She used ideas about things that had happened to her. Her paintings are often shocking in the way they show pain and the harsh lives of women, especially her feelings about not being able to have children. Fifty-five of her 143 paintings are of herself. She was also influenced by native Mexican culture, shown in bright colors, with a mixture of realism and symbolism. Her paintings attracted the attention of the artist Diego Rivera, whom she later married. She was openly bisexual and was a communist. She died of a pulmonary embolism caused by bronchopneumonia in Coyoacán.    

Kahlo's work is sometimes called "surrealist", and although she organized art shows several times with European surrealists, she herself did not like that label. Her attention to female themes, and the honesty in her painting them, made her something of a feminist cult figure in the last decades of the 20th century. Some of her work is seen at the Frida Kahlo Museum, found in her birthplace and home in suburban Mexico City.

Related pages
 List of Mexican painters

References 

1907 births
1954 deaths
Bisexual people
Communists
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
Deaths from bronchopneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Mexico
LGBT artists
Mexican painters
People with disabilities
Events 
 Italy: the architect Giuseppe Terragni begins in Como the construction of the Casa del Fascio, completed in 1936, a masterpiece of Italian Rationalism.
 London: the financer Amedeo Natoli publish the book Some of the most important features of the economic and financial situation in 1932, completed in 1932, a masterpiece of global Finance market.

Births 
 January 19 – Richard Lester
 February 8 – John Williams
 February 12 – Johnny Cash (d. 2003)
 February 22 – Ted Kennedy (d. 2009)
 March 2 – Gun Hägglund, Swedish television star
 March 4 – Ryszard Kapuściński, Polish journalist (d. 2007)
   March 4   – Frank Wells, American businessman, president of the Walt Disney Company (d. 1994)
 April 27 – Casey Kasem, American radio show host, voice actor (d. 2014)
 July 2 – Dave Thomas, founder of Wendy's fast food chain (d. 2002)
 August 2 – Peter O'Toole (d. 2013)
 September 25 – Adolfo Suárez (d. 2014)
 September 29 - Robert Benton
 October 20 – William Christopher
 November 13 – Richard Mulligan
 November 29 – Jacques Chirac (d. 2019)
 December 14 – Charlie Rich

Nobel Prizes 
 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine won by Charles Scott Sherrington,  (1857 –  1952) and Edgar Douglas Adrian (1889 — 1977).

 

nv:1901 – 1950
Graham Chapman (8 January 1941 – 4 October 1989) was a British actor, comedian and writer. He was most famous as a member of Monty Python. He was openly gay and was in a long-term relationship with writer David Sherlock. Chapman was born in Leicester. He studied medicine at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He died of oropharyngeal cancer in Maidstone, Kent.

References

1941 births
1989 deaths
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from oropharyngeal cancer
Disease-related deaths in Kent
English comedians
English movie actors
English physicians
English screenwriters
English television actors
English television writers
Entertainers from Leicestershire
Gay men
Monty Python
People from Leicester
Writers from Leicestershire
Sir Michael Edward Palin KCMG CBE (born 5 May 1943) is an English actor, comedian and author.

Palin was born in Broomhill, Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire. He studied modern history at Brasenose College, Oxford. 

He became famous as a member of Monty Python in the 1970s. Afterwards he had his own television series, Ripping Yarns, and also appeared in many movies, such as A Fish Called Wanda. Over the last 20 years, he has become very well known as a television travel broadcaster ("Around The World in 80 Days", etc.).

Other websites 

1943 births
Living people
Actors from Yorkshire
Alumni of the University of Oxford
BAFTA Award winners
British television writers
Comedians from Yorkshire
English movie actors
English television actors
English television presenters
English voice actors
Entertainers from Sheffield
Monty Python
Television personalities from Yorkshire
Writers from Yorkshire
Terence Graham Parry Jones (1 February 1942 – 21 January 2020) was a Welsh actor, writer, comedian, screenwriter, film director and historian. He was a member of Monty Python.

Jones was born on 1 February 1942 in Colwyn Bay, Denbighshire, Wales. He was married to Alison Telfer, and later to Anna Söderström.

In September 2016 it was announced that Jones had been diagnosed with primary progressive aphasia, a rare form of dementia that impairs the ability to speak and communicate, and that he was no longer able to give interviews. On 21 January 2020, Jones died from problems caused by the disease, at his home in North London, aged 77.

References

Other websites

1942 births
2020 deaths
British historians
British screenwriters
Deaths from primary progressive aphasia
Monty Python
Welsh movie actors
Welsh television actors
New York, officially the State of New York, is a state of the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies, which were the first thirteen states to make up the US. New York is in the northeastern United States, bordered by Lake Ontario and Canada on the north, Lake Erie and Canada on the west, Pennsylvania on the west and south, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut on the east, and New Jersey on the south in the eastern parts of the state. 

New York was originally New Netherland, started by the Dutch Empire in the early 17th century.  Late in the century, it surrendered to an English fleet during the Anglo-Dutch Wars and became part of the British Empire. About half the Dutch colony was given to neighboring English colonies. The Battle of Long Island, Battle of Saratoga, and other important battles of the American Revolution were fought in New York and it joined the new United States. The slave trade brought many black people into the state, where they were forced to work for white colonists.

The United States Census Bureau says that, as of 2005, New York had the fourth most people (population) in the United States, after California, Texas, and Florida. New York's estimated population is 19,297,729.

Cities
The biggest city in New York is also called New York, located in the south-eastern part of the state and built on the Hudson River; it is by far the biggest city in the U.S.. Part of New York City is on Long Island, a large island in the Atlantic Ocean, and another part of it is on Staten Island, which is to the southwest of Manhattan, the central business district. Most people living in New York state live in the New York metropolitan area, one of the world's biggest metropolitan areas, which also includes part of eastern New Jersey.

The larger part of New York, north and northwest of the metropolitan area, is called "Upstate New York". Cities in this part of New York include Buffalo, the state's second largest city, Rochester, Syracuse, and the state capital of Albany. These places became cities because of the Erie Canal. Between 1788 and 1797, the Legislature moved the state capital around between Albany, Kingston, Poughkeepsie, and New York City. Albany became the permanent capital from 1797.

Related pages
 List of counties in New York
 List of places in New York

References

 
1788 establishments in the United States
Rolling Stone is an American popular culture magazine. It mainly features articles about music, as well as sports, movies, and celebrities. It also features movie and album reviews, "greatest of all time" lists, and political editorials and commentary. 

It was founded in 1967 in San Francisco, California.

Some of the magazine's famous staffers include Hunter S. Thompson, Peter Travers, Ralph Steadman, PJ O'Rourke, Cameron Crowe (whose experience for the magazine lead him to create the movie, Almost Famous), and Annie Leibowitz.

References 

1967 establishments in the United States
American magazines
Music magazines
Mickey Mouse is an American cartoon character created in 1928 at Walt Disney Animation Studios.  The character serves as the mascot of The Walt Disney Company.

He is the Walt Disney company's mascot. He is the main character in Fantasia. Mickey Mouse also has television shows with other characters including Donald Duck, Goofy, Minnie Mouse, and Pluto. Minnie Mouse is his girlfriend. His birthday is November 18, 1928. This is the same day as Minnie Mouse.

Pets
Mickey Mouse has a pet; a dog named Pluto. Pluto has 5 puppies with Minnie's dog Fifi.

Mickey's friends
 Minnie Mouse (Girlfriend)
 Donald Duck (Best friend)
 Goofy (2nd Best friend)
 Pluto (Pet)
 Daisy Duck (Friend)

Related pages
 Walt Disney Pictures
 List of Disney movies

Sources

Fictional mice and rats
Kingdom Hearts characters
Mickey Mouse universe characters
Fictional American people
1928 births
Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 - December 4, 1993) was an American musician and composer. He was known for his strange style of music, which was often weird and funny. He made various types of music and many albums. Zappa worked with many other musicans, most notably his 1960s group The Mothers of Invention and his friend and blues singer Captain Beefheart.  Some people think he is the best composer in popular music or even any non-classical music.

Zappa was born in Baltimore, Maryland, but spent most of his life in Southern California. He grew up in Baltimore, in Florida, and in Monterey, Claremont and El Cajon, California. His mother was of French and Italian descent; his father was an immigrant from Sicily. Zappa had four children with his wife Gail. They gave them all very unusual names: Moon Unit, Dweezil, Ahmet, and Diva.

Zappa was openly against drugs, Televangelism, and censoring music. He often tried to see what he could get away with.

Zappa died from prostate cancer in Los Angeles, California.

Other websites 
Zappa.com
Zappanale

Notes

Actors from Baltimore
Actors from California
Actors from Florida
American jazz musicians
American rock guitarists
American songwriters
American television actors
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from prostate cancer
Multi-instrumentalists
Musicians from California
Musicians from Florida
Musicians from Maryland
1940 births
1993 deaths
Tasmania (Palawa Kani: Lutruwita, Bruny Island Tasmanian: Lutruwita) is a large island off the southern coast of mainland Australia. It is a state of Australia. Its capital and the largest city is Hobart. The island was joined to the mainland until the end of the most recent ice age about 10,000 years ago.

It is the home of rare animals such as eastern quolls and Tasmanian devils.

History 
Tasmania is a state of Australia. Unlike the other states, it is an island. The Bass Strait separates it from the Australian mainland. Australian aboriginals are the native people of Tasmania. Abel Janszoon Tasman landed on the island in 1642. He called it "Van Diemen's Land". It was later called Tasmania. Much later, people came from Europe, mostly from the British Empire, to live on the island.

Cities and towns 
Tasmania has four cities: capital city Hobart, Launceston, Devonport and Burnie.

Population 
Tasmania is the smallest state in Australia. It also has the smallest population. The total population of Tasmania is just over 500,000 (September 2014).

Places to visit 
Tasmania has some of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. They range from old country towns to up to date cities. 
Some popular tourist places are:
 Coles Bay
 Port Arthur
 Huonville
 Richmond
 Tasmania
 Strahan
 Hagley
 Hobart

Famous Tasmanians 
 Errol Flynn - actor, best known for his role in the 1930s as Robin Hood.
 Ricky Ponting - Former Australian Cricket Captain
 Peter Crumpton - Author
 David Boon - Cricket Player
 Don Kay - Composer
 Madison Courto - Musician
 Princess Mary Donaldson of Denmark
 Allanah Hill (fashion designer)
 Simon Baker (the mentalist)

 
Australasia
Gondwana
Islands of Australia
Canadian may refer to:

 Something of, from, or related to Canada, a country
Canadians are people identified with the country of Canada.

Canadian may also refer to:

Language

Canadian English
Canadian French

Geography
Canadian County, Oklahoma, United States
Canadian River, United States, the largest tributary of the Arkansas River, in the southwestern United States
Canadian Shield, a large craton in eastern and central Canada and adjacent portions of the United States
Canadian, Texas, United States, a city in Hemphill County

Buildings
First Canadian Place, Canada's tallest skyscraper

People and organizations
Petey Williams (nickname: Canadian Destroyer), a Canadian professional wrestler
Jason Reso (nickname: Canadian Rage or Christian Cage), a Canadian professional wrestler
Canadian Airlines, a defunct airline of Canada

Taxonomy
Canadian elderberry
Conyza canadensis (Canadian horseweed; also Canadian fleabane), a common species of Conyza, native throughout most of North America and Central America
Canadian honeysuckle, an arching shrub

Other uses
Canadian Club, a brand of whisky produced by Hiram Walker & Sons in Windsor, Ontario
Montreal Canadiens, an NHL hockey team based in Montreal

Related pages
Paul Martin Jr.  (born August 28, 1938) is a Canadian politician. He was the 21st Prime Minister of Canada. He was also the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada. He became prime minister December 12, 2003, when Jean Chrétien stepped down. He won an election on June 28, 2004, because the Liberals won more seats than the other political parties; but they did not win a majority of the seats, so he led a minority government. There was another election on January 23, 2006; his party lost this election, so Stephen Harper became the next prime minister.

Martin was greatly respected, as a Finance Minister, around the world for his fiscal management, because of the growth in the economy and for taking the government out of deficit.
His tenure as Prime Minister is generally seen as a disaster by most Canadians.

Martin was born in Windsor, Ontario. His father was a member of the Canadian House of Commons for thirty-three years and was a part of the cabinet. Martin graduated from the University of Toronto in 1961 with a B.A. in history and philosophy and from the University of Toronto Law School in 1965. He married Sheila Martin in 1965.

He was elected to parliament from the riding of LaSalle-Émard in Montreal, Quebec in 1988. He was finance minister from 1993 until 2002. He became known for balancing the budget (ending government borrowing of money). In 2003, he was elected leader of the Liberal party, and was appointed prime minister one month later.

Mr. Martin's government made same-sex marriage legal. It also had problems with the Sponsorship scandal in 2004. In 2006, Parliament passed a vote of no confidence, which forced a national election to be held on January 23. The Liberals lost the election and Martin lost his position as prime minister. Soon afterwards, he resigned his position as leader of the Liberal Party.

After fourteen months in office, Paul Martin got the nickname "Mr. Dithers". He was called so by the magazine The Economist. They say this is because he changed his opinion too often.

References

Other websites
 

1938 births
Living people
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Politicians from Montreal
A machine gun is a weapon that can fire one bullet after another as long as the trigger is pulled and there are bullets ready to fire. This is called automatic fire. A more general name for this type of weapon is an automatic weapon. Machine guns fire bullets delivered from a long chain of cartridges called an ammunition ('ammo') belt, or use spring-loaded boxes called magazines. Machine guns are usually divided into heavy-duty machine guns, light machine guns, and sub-machine guns.

Heavy machine guns (HMG) are placed on the ground, supported on a tripod, or on a vehicle. The vehicle would have a support for the gun with a rotating base or turret. Heavy machine guns often need two men to operate it, one to assist with loading ammunition, and one to aim and fire. It always takes two or more men to carry one. Famous examples include the M2 Browning machine gun, the MG42, the M1919 Browning, the M134 minigun, the Type 92 heavy machine gun, and the Maxim gun.

Light machine guns (LMG) are usually carried and fired by one man. Despite the name, an LMG is almost always rested on a bipod or a tripod while firing since the gun is normally too heavy to fire while standing, although some LMGs such as the Bren LMG and the BAR are light enough to be fired without a bipod or tripod when a sling is worn around the user. Famous examples include the Bren, the BAR, the SAW M249, the M240, the RPD, the RPK, the PK, and the M-60.

Submachine guns (SMG) are lighter weapons which fire less powerful bullets (usually pistol bullets). They are much easier to conceal and carry than the heavier versions. Submachine guns have handles (stocks), and are carried by individual soldiers or police officers. Famous examples include the Uzi, the Heckler & Koch MP5, the Thompson (a.k.a. Tommy gun), the MAC-10, the PPSh, and the MP-40.

Assault rifles have automatic capabilities but they are not called machine guns. They are used mainly in semi-automatic fire, and also normally fire lighter bullets than machine guns.

Many heavy machine guns, such as the Browning M2 .50 caliber machine gun, are exact enough to hit distant targets. During the Vietnam War, Carlos Hathcock shot at 7382 ft (2250 m) using a .50 caliber heavy machine gun with a telescopic sight.

References

Other websites 
 Machine gun -Citizendium
Robin Hood is a folk hero from the Middle Ages in England. He is a legendary person, and people have told stories about him for centuries. There are also many books, plays, movies, and cartoons that tell stories about Robin Hood.

There are many different versions, but in most stories, Robin Hood is an outlaw who lives in Sherwood Forest near the town of Nottingham, England. He has two enemies. who abuse their powers and take money from the people who need it. The first is Prince John, who is acting as king while his brother, King Richard the Lionheart, is fighting the Crusades in the Middle East. The second is the corrupt Sheriff of Nottingham. They are Robin Hood’s enemies because they abuse their powers and take money from poor people.  Using his intelligence and his archery skills, Robin Hood steals back this money and returns it to the poor. 

In many stories, a group of faithful followers called The Merry Men accompanies Robin. In the earliest Robin Hood stories, The Merry Men were Little John, Much the Miller’s Son, and Will Scarlet. Later stories added Friar Tuck, Alan-a-Dale, and Maid Marian.

In the media 

There have been many movies about Robin Hood, including "The Adventures of Robin Hood" starring Errol Flynn. In the 1970s, Disney made a movie where the characters were shown to be animals. Robin and his lover (Marian) are foxes.
A folk hero is a person, who may or may not have existed, and is famous and well liked by people, or people of a certain country. Usually it is someone who helped the common people or fought against the authorities, such as a bad king. People tells stories about folk heroes, most of their stories have been passed down orally, and changed to fit the situations. They usually have a special skill or trait of some sort (Paul Bunyan is very tall).

Some famous folk heroes are:

Robin Hood (England), who stole from the rich and gave it to the poor people
William Tell (Switzerland), who killed a tyrant (a lord terrorizing the people)
Carmine Crocco (Italy), controversial figure of the Italian unification but considered by many a folk hero
Johnny Appleseed
George Washington, First President of the United States
Natty Bumppo
Paul Bunyan
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, First President of Turkey
Gandhi
Nelson Mandela, First President of South Africa and anti-apartheid activist
Simón Bolívar
John Henry
Pecos Bill
Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States during the American Civil War
Davy Crockett, famous American folk hero who died at the Battle of the Alamo.
Jim Bowie, famous for his Bowie knife, died at the Battle of the Alamo.
Paul Revere
Qutb Shah, supposed Arab-Afghan who conquered large parts of Northern India and sired many tribes. 
Dulla Bhatti who was a popular resistance hero against the Mughal Empire. 
Rai Ahmad Khan Kharal who was a Punjabi freedom-fighter in 1857. 

Folklore
Seth Benjamin Green (born Seth Benjamin Gesshel-Green; February 8, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, and voice talent.  He became famous in the late 1990s after appearing in many teen movies.  His most notable roles include Scott Evil in the Austin Powers series of movies, Chris Griffin on the television series Family Guy, Patrick Wisely in Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed, Dan Mott in Without a Paddle and Daniel "Oz" Osborne on the series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, in which he is cast as Willow Rosenberg's werewolf boyfriend. Green is also the creator of Adult Swim's Robot Chicken.

Filmography

Film

Television

Web

Video games

References

American television actors
American movie actors
American voice actors
Whedonverse
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Comedians from Pennsylvania
1974 births
Living people
Ashton Christopher Kutcher, is an American actor, producer, and former model. He became well known when he played Michael Kelso on That '70s Show. In 2003, Kutcher produced and starred in his own series, Punk'd, as the host.

In May 2011, Kutcher was announced as Charlie Sheen's replacement on the series Two and a Half Men. Kutcher's contract was for one year and was believed to be worth nearly $20 million.

Early life
Kutcher was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He is the son of Diane (née Finnegan), a Procter & Gamble employee, and Larry M. Kutcher, a factory worker. His father is of Bohemian (Czech) ancestry and his mother is of Irish, German, and Bohemian ancestry. Kutcher was raised in a conservative Roman Catholic family, Kutcher has a twin brother, Michael, who had a heart transplant when the brothers were young children. Kutcher's twin brother also has cerebral palsy.

Personal life
Kutcher is a student of Kabbalah.

In 2006, People magazine ranked him third in its yearly list of "The Sexiest Men Alive".

In 2003, Kutcher started a relationship with older actress Demi Moore. They married in 2005.  The couple separated in 2011. The couple's divorce was finalized in November 2013. Kutcher has been in a relationship with Mila Kunis since April 2012. The couple became engaged in February 2014. Their daughter was born in September 2014.

Kutcher is in advertisements for Nikon cameras. In July 2011, Brazilian fashion label Colcci hired Kutcher and Alessandra Ambrosio to be in a denim advertisement.

On April 16, 2009, Kutcher became the first user of Twitter to have more than 1,000,000 followers.

As a producer

Awards

References

Other websites

Actors from Iowa
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
American television personalities
American television producers
Comedians from Iowa
Actors from Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Twin people from the United States
1978 births
Living people
People's Choice Award winners
Linus Benedict Torvalds ( , ; born 28 December 1969) is a Finnish-American software engineer.

His parents named him after Linus Pauling. He studied at the University of Helsinki from 1988 to 1996. He became famous because of the success of his operating system, Linux. He started making this system as a student project in 1991. He based it on the popular UNIX operating system. Today, Linux has become the most popular free operating system.

Linus is the leader of the Linux project, which has many members around the world. He is the one person who can make decisions about changes or future development on the operating system. He also made the version control system Git. He now lives with his family in the United States. 

Linus chose the penguin to be the logo of Linux. A picture of a penguin called Tux appears on many desktop computers that run Linux.

References

Other websites 
 Linus Torvalds' personal homepage
 The Linux Kernel Archives - the Linux kernel source provided by the Kernel.org Organization

1969 births
Living people

Finnish scientists
Computer scientists
Linux
People from Helsinki
American bloggers
Geneva is a canton in Switzerland. The capital of the canton is Geneva City.

The French name is Genève, The German name is Genf, in Italian it is Ginevra.

Geneva is the seat of many institutions of the United Nations. It has about 186.000 inhabitants and a very old university. About 960.000 people live in the urban area. Some of the urban area is in France. Only Zürich has more inhabitants in Switzerland.

History 
In 1815, the city-state of Geneva became a part of Switzerland. It had at one time been the capital of the Kingdom of Burgundy.

The first traces of human civilization in Geneva, discovered on the shores of Lake Geneva , date from around 3000 BC. The hill of the Old City, however, was not inhabited until 1000 BC. Later, when Rome conquered Geneva, it was defended by a small Celtic tribe. In 58 BC, Julius Caesar drove off an attack by the Helvetii. At the height of the Roman Empire, around 400 AD, Geneva was granted its own bishop.

Municipalities 
Geneva does not have any districts. There are 45 municipalities in the canton:

References
Henry John Heinz III (October 23, 1938 – April 4, 1991) was an American politician from Pennsylvania and the great-grandson of the founder of H. J. Heinz Company. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1977 and was a US senator from 1977-1991. He was killed in a plane crash in 1991.

Heinz married Teresa Simões-Ferreira on February 5, 1966 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The couple had three sons together: H. John Heinz IV, André, and Christopher.

A number of places are named after Heinz, including:
Senator H. John Heinz III Archives at the Carnegie Mellon University Libraries
H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management
H. John Heinz III Center For Science, Economics and The Environment
H. John Heinz III Center For the Performing Arts (Heinz Hall), home of the Pittsburgh Symphony
Senator John Heinz History Center

1938 births
1991 deaths
Aviation deaths in the United States
Politicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
United States senators from Pennsylvania
US Republican Party politicians
A calendar is a tool for organizing days. People use calendars to say when something happened, and for planning things that have not happened yet. The calendar gives the days names and numbers, called calendar dates. The dates are usually made based on how things in the sky seem to move. The year and month are based on motions of the Sun and moon. By knowing what day something happened or will happen, people have an easier life. Since the beginning of history, knowing when the seasons would start for crops was very important for farmers and people who eat.

Calendar systems have a beginning time or era. The calendar era is often a religion-based event, such as the birth of Jesus, but it may be a political event such as a coronation or the founding of a state. Dates that are counted from the coronation are called "regnal".

The three principal calendars most used today are the Gregorian, Hebrew, and Islamic calendars. Other calendar systems from many different parts of the world are also used.

Basis 
Calendars are based on three natural things:

 The Earth turns all the way around its axis.
 The Moon goes all the way around the Earth.
 The Earth goes all the way around the Sun.

The Earth turns all the way around its axis about 24 hours. It is called the Solar Day.  Days of most calendars are strongly based on the Solar Day.

The Moon turns all the way around the Earth about 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes and 2 seconds.  Months of some calendars are still strongly based on the Moon.  These are called Lunar calendars, which lasts about 354-355 days.  Solar calendars ignore the moon, and depend entirely on the Sun.

The Earth goes all the way around the Sun in about 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds.  This is called the Tropical Year.  Years of most calendars are strongly based on the Tropical Year.

Related pages 
 Anno Domini (AD)
 Common Era (CE)
 Friday (Muslim)
 Saturday (Jewish)
 Sunday (Christian)
 Gregorian calendar (Christian)
 Hebrew calendar (Jewish)
 Islamic calendar (Muslim)

Other websites 
 Calendar for many years, for many countries
 Calendar -Citizendium
Randall "Tex" Cobb (born 1950) was an American boxer from Texas. He fought champion boxer Larry Holmes for the WBC World Heavyweight title at Houston's Astrodome on November 26, 1982. Holmes beat Cobb, winning all 15 rounds on two scorecards, and fourteen out of fifteen on the third (scores of 150-135 twice and 149-136). This fight surprised sportscaster Howard Cosell so much that he said that he would never cover another fight. After this many sportsfans all over the world wrote to Cobb and thanked him for trying. Cobb was a fighter who had hitting power, as shown by his eighth-round knockout win over Earnie Shavers. He was never knocked out. Cobb briefly became a kickboxer and then a Hollywood actor. He has played "bad guys" in movies like The Naked Gun and Raising Arizona.

Cobb also fought Michael Dokes twice during his boxing career, losing both fights.

Other websites 

American boxers
American movie actors
Sportspeople from Texas
Actors from Texas
1950 births
Living people
Aquilino Quilinging Pimentel Jr. (December 11, 1933 – October 20, 2019), also known as Nene, was a politician in the Philippines.

Career
He was first elected as a delegate to the 1971 Constitutional Convention. He then went into exile when President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law. He came back in 1980 and was elected as mayor of Cagayan de Oro City in Misamis Oriental. He was removed as mayor 1982. He returned as mayor again in 1984. He was elected as an Assemblyman in the Batasang Pambansa (National Assembly), serving from 1984 to 1986. 

After the EDSA Revolution, President Corazon Aquino appointed him as Minister of Local Government and Presidential adviser/chief negotiator with the Muslim insurgents in Mindanao. He then was elected Senator (1987–1992). As senator, he wrote the Local Government Code. He tried to become Vice President in 1992. He ran under the Liberal Party with Jovito Salonga running for President. He finished fifth among the vice presidential candidates with 9.9% of the vote. 

In 1995, He ran for another term as senator but lost. Cheating was suspected in that election. He took the case to the Supreme Court. He won the suit in 2004. In 1998, he ran again for another term in the Senate of the Philippines, from 1998 to 2004 and won. He was also elected as the 19th President of the Senate. He served as president from 2000 to 2001. He finally left the Senate on June 30, 2010.

As chair of the Blue Ribbon Committee, Pimentel recommended the prosecution of top government officials of previous administrations in relation to the Expo Pilipino centennial scam and the misuse of the funds of the Retirement and Separation Benefits Systems of the Armed Forces. He also recommended the prosecution of certain people working for the Land Registration Administration for involvement in making false land titles. His committee also conducted series of investigations into the jueteng scandal. 

As Chair of the Committee on Local Government, he has supported far-reaching amendments to strengthen the role of local government units (LGUs) in national development. He also got senate approval to return the police to the supervision of LGUs and has wrote a law to fix the date for elections of ARMM officials.

He was the president and founder of the PDP-Laban party.

Death
Pimentel Jr. died on October 20, 2019 in Manila of pneumonia caused by lymphoma at the age of 85.

References

Other websites

Senate of the Philippines
Aquilino Pimentel's Official Personal Website
Aquilino Pimentel's Assets and Liabilities
Philippine Fathers: Aquilino Pimentel Jr. 

1933 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from lymphoma
Presidents of the Senate of the Philippines
Majority leaders of the Senate of the Philippines
Minority leaders of the Senate of the Philippines
Legislative speakers
Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson (born March 22, 1930) is an American evangelist and host of the 700 Club, a Christian news and talk show on television.  He ran for President in 1988 against George H.W. Bush, but did not win the primaries.  He has said several times that natural disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina and the 2010 Haiti earthquake, were punishments from God.

References

1930 births
Living people
American activists
American Baptists
American conservatives
Anti-Communists
Anti-pornography activists
Christian religious leaders
Southern Baptist Convention
Television evangelists
1988 United States presidential candidates
Zionists
The "Alabama Song" comes from the 1930 operetta Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny. The music is by Kurt Weill; officially the lyrics are by Bertolt Brecht, but were probably actually written by Elisabeth Hauptmann. The lyrics for the "Alabama Song" are in English (although a specific type of English) and are performed in that language even when the opera is performed in its original German.

The song has often been covered, perhaps most famously in 1967 by The Doors; unsurprisingly, Jim Morrison changed the lyric "Show us the way to the next pretty boy" to "Show me the way to the next little girl."

1930s songs
1930 works
The Doors were an American rock band. They were one of the most popular rock groups of all time. Led by singer Jim Morrison, along with Ray Manzarek (keyboards), Robby Krieger (guitar) and John Densmore (drums), the group is thought of today as a major influence on rock music, and they are still just as popular as they ever were, if not more popular.

The group was widely known for its lead singer, Jim Morrison, who was famous for his love of alcohol and illegal drugs. Morrison often sang at concerts after using alcohol and drugs, sometimes so drunk that he could not remember the words to his own songs. Once, Morrison was said to have shown his private parts to the audience, and he was charged with a crime. 

Morrison died in Paris, France, on July 3, 1971. His death is thought to have been caused by a heart attack brought on by a drug overdose.

There is a 1991 movie about them, also called The Doors. It was directed by Oliver Stone and starred Val Kilmer as Jim Morrison.

Discography
Studio albums
 The Doors (1967)
 Strange Days (1967)
 Waiting for the Sun (1968)
 The Soft Parade (1969)
 Morrison Hotel (1970)
 L.A. Woman (1971)
 Other Voices (1971)
 Full Circle (1972)

Notes

1965 establishments in California
1960s American music groups
1970s American music groups
1973 disestablishments
1970s disestablishments in California
American rock bands
Musical groups disestablished in the 1970s
Musical groups established in 1965
Musical groups from Los Angeles