cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
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The Little Rock Nine was a group of African-American students who were in the Little Rock Central High School, Arkansas in 1957, following the Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education II. This started the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were stopped from entering the racially segregated school by Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus.  They attended after President Eisenhower sent the United States Army to let them in.  This is thought to be one of the most important events in the Civil Rights Movement. 

1957 in the United States
Discrimination
Little Rock, Arkansas
History of Arkansas
Hornworts are a type of bryophytes. They are non-vascular plants which do not have tissue that moves water. The name "hornwort" come from the horn-like structure that grows on these plants. This structure is the sporophyte. The flattened, green part of a hornwort is the gametophyte.

Like all bryophytes, hornworts have alternation of generations. In this cycle, the plant has two forms: the haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte. The gametophyte is the green plant body that you most often see. The sporophyte is the "horn" that sheds spores.

Hornworts grow all over the world. They grow well where it is damp or humid. Some species grow in large numbers as tiny weeds in the soil of gardens and cultivated fields. Some tropical species may be found growing on tree bark.

The taxonomy of bryophytes is being debated. Some think the hornworts should be placed in a separate division, the Anthocerotophyta.

Related pages
 Horneophyton is a fossil plant similar to hornworts.

Bryophytes
Plant taxonomy
Non-vascular plants
Pacific Grove is a coastal town in Monterey County, California, US. The total population was 15,522 in the 2000 census. Pacific Grove is located between Point Pinos and Monterey. Its elevation is 151 feet (46 m).

Pacific Grove is known for its Victorian homes, Asilomar State Beach, its artistic legacy and the annual migration of the Monarch butterflies. The city has more Victorian houses per person than anywhere else in United States. Some of them have been turned into bed and breakfast inns.

Point Pinos Lighthouse, the oldest continuously working lighthouse on the West Coast, is in Pacific Grove.

John Denver died near Pacific Grove.

References 

Cities in California
Settlements in Monterey County, California
The black-headed grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus) is a species of bird. It belongs in the family Cardinalidae. It is a medium-sized, seed-eating bird. It is 18–19 cm long. It weights 35-49 g.

The black-headed grosbeak is a migratory bird. It has nesting grounds from southwestern British Columbia, through the western half of the United States, into central Mexico. It occurs as an introduced species further south in Central America.

Other websites

 Pheucticus melanocephalus at The Cornell Lab of Ornithology

Passeriformes
Alitalia was an airline which was once the flag carrier and largest airline of Italy. It ceased operations on October 14, 2021 and was replaced as Italy's flag carrier by ITA Airways, which began operations the next day.

History 
The "first" Alitalia was founded on September 16, 1946. Its first flight was on May 5, 1947. In 1960, Alitalia started flying jet aircraft. In 1995, Alitalia tried to merge with KLM, but it failed. 1998 was the first profitable year for Alitalia. In 2001, Alitalia joined SkyTeam. The airline lost more than €3.7 billion since 1999 until 2008. On January 12, 2009, the "first" Alitalia shut down. The next day, on January 13, the "second" Alitalia began. In June 2014, Etihad Airways bought 49% of Alitalia. On January 1, 2015, a "third" Alitalia began. This one is 49% owned by Etihad and 51% owned by Italian shareholders.

Destinations 
Alitalia flies to 102 destinations in 41 countries. 28 of these cities are in Italy. Alitalia's main hub is at Rome Fiumicino Airport.

Fleet 
 22 Airbus A319-100
 42 Airbus A320-200
 12 Airbus A321-100
 14 Airbus A330-200
 8 ATR 72-500
 10 Boeing 777-200ER
 1 Saab 2000

Gallery

References

Notes

1954 establishments in Europe
2008 establishments in Europe
2015 establishments in Europe
Airlines of Europe
Transport companies of Italy
1950s establishments in Italy
2010s establishments in Italy
Chowder is an American animated television series that started on Cartoon Network on November 2, 2007. The show was created by C. H. Greenblatt, a former storyboard artist on SpongeBob SquarePants and The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy. The title character is a young child named Chowder. Chowder is a student to a chef named Mung Daal, who owns a baking company serving the fictional "Marzipan City". The show has animation with stop motion animation and puppetry.

Danish Voice Cast
 Sebastian Alstrup – Chowder
 Louise Engell – Endivie
 Peter Røschke – Gazpacho
 Estrid Ebba Böttiger – Panini
 Torben Sekov – Shnitzel
 Michael Elo – Tandoori
 Ann Hjort – Trifli

Additional Voices
 Ann Hjort
 Mikkel Christiansen
 Peter Røschke
 Tobias Staugaard
 Torben Sekov

Episodes
Season 1 2007-2008

Season 2 2008-2009

Season 3 2009-2010

Channel Links

Cartoon Network series
2007 television series debuts
2010 television series endings
Lists of animated television series episodes
English-language television programs
The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack is an American animated television series made for Cartoon Network that started on June 5, 2008. The show was made by cartoonist Thurop Van Orman, who has worked as a writer and storyboard artist on Camp Lazlo and The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy. the main point of the marvelous misadventures of flapjack is the main characters (captain knuckles, flapjack & bubbie) trying to find the magical island of candied island. flapjack is an adventurous little boy taking after and learning from captain knuckles, knuckles plays the role of a lazy sailor who is addicted to maple syrup, and bubbie is a antropomorphic whale who is the foster mother of flapjack and protects him from dangerous recurring situations in the series of which he is naïve. The series premiered airs at 7:00 a.m. ET/PT time on June 7, 2008 on Cartoon Network in the United States.

Animated television series
Cartoon Network series
English-language television programs
2008 television series debuts
2010 television series endings
Lefkada is a Greek island. It is in the west of Greece in the Ionian Sea. It is the fourth largest island of the Ionian Sea after Kefalonia, Corfu and Zakynthos. Its total area is 303 square meters. Its population is 23,845 residents according to 2001 Greek census. The largest town of Lefkada is Lefkada (city). Its population is 10,875 people.

Sights - Tourism 

Lefkada is famous for its beautiful beaches. The island is surrounded by many beautiful beaches with azure-green color. The most impressive beaches are Porto Katsiki, Kathisma and Egremni. All of these beaches are in the west of the island. According to Guardian newspaper the Porto Katsiki beach is one of the most beautiful beaches in Europe.

Every year many tourists visit Lefkada. Tourists come from western European countries, most from Italy. The most touristic village on the island is Nidri which is in the east of the island. Opposite Nidri there are many small green islets. Among them is the islet Scorpios which belonged to millionaire Aristotle Onassis.

History 
The German archaeologist Wilhelm Dörpfeld, believed that Lefkada was the real country of Odysseus. In Classic period, Lefkada was a colony of Corinth. Later it passed under the Roman rule and Byzantine rule. In medieval era many conquerors passed from the island. In the thirteenth century Venice took the island from Byzantium. The Venetians remained in island for many years. The Turks conquered the island for a brief period but the Venetians took the island back and held it until 1797. Then the Napoleon's France took the island and after the island passed in England. In 1864, the English gave Lefkada to Greece, along with the other Ionian islands.

References 

Islands of Greece
The European honey bee or western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the main species of honey bee. The genus Apis is Latin for "bee", and mellifera comes from Greek melli- meaning "honey" and ferre "to bear". So, the scientific name means "honey-bearing bee". In 1758 Carolus Linnaeus named the bees as Apis mellifera. However, he later found out that bees do not bear honey, but they actually bear nectar. Because of this, he tried to change it to Apis mellifica ("honey-making bee") later.

Workers do a waggle dance in the beehive to tell the others where they have found nectar; Karl von Frisch discovered this.

Other websites 
Flight of Honey Bee finally understood 
Honey Bee Pheromones
Cornwall Honey Beepedia
BeeSource 
Honey Bee Apis mellifera diagnostic pictures, descriptions, natural history
Brother Adams On-line book
Beekeeping explained by the Food and Agriculture Organization
Types of hives by FAO
Interactive 3D flash presentation of Honey beehive  from PBS
Brainy Bees Think Abstractly
Digital library of Beekeeping 
Anatomy of the honeybee by the FAO
Apis mellifera pomonella, a new honey bee subspecies from Central Asia;  Apidologie 34 (2003) 367-375; Sheppard and Meixner
Origin of honeybees from the Yucatan peninsula inferred from mitochondrial DNA analysis; Molecular Ecology (2001)10, 1347-1355 
Cyclopedia of American Agriculture  ed. by L. H. Bailey (1911), Vol. III—Animals, "Bees," including a history of the literature related to European honey bees in the United States.

Bees
Viswanathan Anand, known as Vishy, (born 11 December 1969) is a former World Chess 
Champion. He comes from India. Anand is the oldest player in modern times to become classical World Champion for the first time: he was 37 when he won in 2007.

When the world championship was split, Anand played in both versions. In the classical chess versions, sometimes called the "PCA cycle", Anand won matches against Oleg Romanishin and Michael Adams without a loss, then avenged his FIDE loss by defeating Gata Kamsky in the Candidates final. In 1995, he played the PCA World Chess Championship 1995 against Kasparov in New York City's World Trade Center. After an opening run of eight draws (a record for the opening of a world championship match), Anand won game nine with a powerful exchange sacrifice, but then lost four of the next five. He lost the match 10½–7½.

Anand held the FIDE World Chess Championship from 2000 to 2002 when the world title was split. This was a knock-out event of a different type from the classical matches. He became the undisputed World Champion in 2007 and defended his title against Vladimir Kramnik in 2008. With this win, he became the first player in chess history to have won the World Championship in three different formats: knockout, tournament, and match. 

Anand retained the world title by beating Veselin Topalov 6½–5½ in May 2010. He kept the title again by defeating Boris Gelfand in 2012. This match was won in a four-game rapidplay tiebreaker, after the main match was tied at 6–6.

Anand is one of a small group of players to break the 2800 mark on the FIDE rating list, and in April 2007 at the age of 37, he became world number one for the first time. He was at the top of the world rankings five out of six times, from April 2007 to July 2008, holding the number one ranking for a total of 15 months. In October 2008, he dropped out of the world top three ranking for the first time since July 1996. 

In 2007 he was awarded India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan. He is also the first recipient of Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in 1991–92, India's highest sporting honour. Though retaining his Indian citizenship, Vishy has been living in Spain for the past decade.

Anand lost the title to Magnus Carlsen in 2013, and also lost the return match in 2014 by  4½ to 6½.

References 

1969 births
Living people
Chess grandmasters
Tamil Nadu sportspeople
Tamil people
Rensselaer County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2000 census, 152,538 people lived there. It is named for Kiliaen van Rensselaer, the Dutch person who owned the land in the area. The county seat is Troy.

Rensselaer County is in the eastern part of New York. The county's eastern line runs along the New York-Vermont and New York-Massachusetts borders.

The county has a total area of 665 square miles (1,723 km²). Out of this, 654 square miles (1,694 km²) is land and 11 square miles (30 km²) (1.72%) is water.

The highest point is Berlin Mountain, which is  above sea level. The mountain is in the town of Berlin. The lowest point is sea level at the Hudson River. The Hoosic River, a tributary of the Hudson River, is in the north part of the county.

History

Before it was called a county, the American Indians lived in the area. They were called Mohicans. A man from the Netherlands, named Kiliaen van Rensselaer, who sold jewelry, bought the area from the Dutch West Indies Company in 1630. He founded a town and named it after himself, calling it Rensselaerswyck. It was a part of New Netherland.

Cities, towns, villages, and other locations 

 Averill Park
 Berlin (town) 
 Brunswick (town)
 Castleton-on-Hudson (village)
 East Greenbush (town) 
 East Nassau (village)
 Grafton (town) 
 Hampton Manor
 Hoosick Falls (village) 

 Hoosick (town) 
 Nassau (town) 
 Nassau (village) 
 North Greenbush (town)
 Petersburgh (town)
 Pittstown (town)
 Poestenkill (town)
 Rensselaer (city) 
 Sand Lake (town) 

 Schaghticoke (town) 
 Schaghticoke (village) 
 Schodack (town) 
 Stephentown (town)
 Troy (city) 
 Valley Falls (village)
 West Sand Lake
 Wynantskill

References

Other websites 

 Rensselaer County, NY
 

New York (state) counties
1791 establishments in New York (state)
Tractive effort is a synonym of tractive force, used in railway engineering terminology when describing the pulling power of a locomotive.

Rail transport
"There's No Disgrace Like Home" is the fourth episode of the first season of The Simpsons . It was first shown on the Fox network in the United States on January 28, 1990. In this episode, Homer becomes ashamed of his family after a bad company picnic and decides to enter them in therapy. The  has a hard time trying to solve their problems and eventually gives up and gives their money back. It was an early episode, showing early designs for a few  characters. The episode is made off of the comedy of Laurel and Hardy and features cultural references to films such as Citizen Kane and Freaks as well as the Batman television series. People noted that the characters acted differently from the way they would in later seasons.

Other websites

"There's No Disgrace Like Home" at The Simpsons.com

1990 television episodes
The Simpsons (season 1) episodes
2035 (MMXXXV) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events

January 
 January 8 – Near-Earth object 2002 AY1 will make a close approach to Earth.

Date unknown 
 Fully functioning artificial eyes are predicted to be available.

September 15, 2035 
 The Nike Air Jordan is set to have its 50th Anniversary Celebration, which is said to be possibly commemorated through releasing 50th Anniversary Edition Air Jordans.

In fiction

Film 
 In Back to the Future Part II, the original timeline of the future says that Marlene McFly will be released from prison this year.
 Twelve Monkeys (1995)
 I, Robot (2004)
 Doomsday (2008)

Television 
 My Life and Times (1991)
 The animated television series Aqua Teen Hunger Force features a character known as the Cybernetic Ghost of Christmas Past from the Future who often makes up infamously nonsensical stories that take place in the future, the year 2035 being one of his most referenced years.
 The Gakuen Utopia Manabi Straight! series is set in this year.
 Ghost in the Shell saga events take place on this year.
 The last episode of the American series Life on Mars reveals that 2035 is the year Sam Tyler is from, not 2008. According to the show, on March 2, 2035, the first manned mission to Mars is supposed to touch down.
 The History Channel TV Film, After Armageddon, ends at this time after 25 years the start of a global disaster, Pandemic. The story was told in the view point of the son of a paramedic, and he sees how a few humans left on Earth would go on, rebuilding a society.
 Outcast The CT-9 spacecraft leaves Earth for Carpathia. (2011)
 In the Anime series Cowboy Bebop. Jet Black is born on December 3 of this year.

Computer and video games 
 TimeSplitters (2000) (the Spaceways mission)
 Castlevania: Aria of Sorrow (2003)

Magazines 
 In 2005 for the thirtieth anniversary issue, National Geographic Kids did an article on what everyday life would be like in 2035.

References 

 
Years in the future
2036 (MMXXXVI) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events 
 2036 Summer Olympics will be held.
 February 7 06:28:16 UTC – Network Time Protocol will loop over to the next epoch, as the 32-bit time stamp value used in NTP will overflow.
 April – A METI message Cosmic Call 2 sent from the 70-meter Eupatoria Planetary Radar arrives at its destination, HIP 4872 star.
 April 13 – close approach to Earth by asteroid 99942 Apophis. The 20-million-ton object has a 1 in 250,000 chance of hitting  Earth on Easter Sunday.

In fiction 
 Fringe Episode 4x19 "Letters of Transit" takes place in the year 2036, where the Observers are in control of everyone else.
 The 1936 film Things to Come depicts 2036 as a time when humans live in underground cities and fire the first spacecraft to the Moon from a giant space gun.
 Most of the Once Upon a Time Machine episode of the 1987 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles cartoon series is set in the year 2036. It's an era of peace and without any crimes in New York City, when Shredder, Bebop and Rocksteady travel in time from 1991 to 2036 in an attempt to rule the future.
 Zenon Kar, of the Zenon books and films, is born this year.
 In the game Castlevania: Dawn of Sorrow for Nintendo DS, Dracula is set to be revived this year.
 The events of the film Android take place.
 The popular Epcot ride, Mission Space, takes place this year.
 John Titor supposedly time travels back to the winter of 1975 to retrieve an IBM 5100 computer which he claimed was needed to "debug" various legacy computer programs in 2036.
 According to Lt. Commander Data in the pilot episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, this year the United Nations resolved that "No person shall be made to answer for the crimes of their race or forebears." The entity Q scoffs at this, saying this was a court of 2079, when the U.N. no longer existed. Complicating this argument is that the date of 2079 in Trek lore is 16 years after the events of Star Trek: First Contact, when extraterrestrial life has already been discovered and is assisting humanity to recover from the Third World War.

References 

 
Years in the future
2037 (MMXXXVII) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events

Date unknown 
 Certain documents relating to Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon's wishes to preserve a monarchy if the Nazis occupied the UK are to be released from the Royal Archives.
 According to estimates released in October 2007, the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) space telescope, decommissioned that month, will continue orbiting the earth until it burns up in the atmosphere approximately 30 years after its decommissioning.
 The 2037 Bomber, an optionally manned, stealthy, hypersonic, heavy-bomber is scheduled to enter service this year, as the USAF calculates that attrition will have reduced their existing strategic bomber fleet below the minimum 170 aircraft.
 The use of fossil fuels is scheduled to become infrequent by this year in developed countries. Alternative fuels (like wind and solar) will eventually relegate the use of fossil fuels to the Middle East and to developing countries.
 The world's largest mud volcano, in East Java, Indonesia, may have stopped erupting.

In fiction

Computer video games 
 X-Squad (2000): Set in 2037.
 The 1998 computer game SiN is set in 2037.

Film and television 
 The Dexter's Laboratory movie Ego Trip has some scenes that take place in 2037.
 In the 2002 movie The Time Machine, demolitions on the moon cause the moon to break up and the earths orbit is affected, causing mass extermination of the human race on August 20, 2037.
 The Disney Channel Original Movie and the book, Zenon: Girl of the Twenty First Century takes place in the year 2037.
 The majority of the Disney animated film Meet the Robinsons (2007) takes place in the year 2037.
 In the film V for Vendetta, V destroys the Old Bailey with homemade explosives on November 5 of this year.
 In the Star Trek universe, the third manned space mission to travel outside of the confines of the Terran solar system, the Charybdis, takes place this year
 In the Ben 10 universe, the events of Ken 10 occur in this year beginning on Ken's 10th birthday. (2007)

Literature 
 Science fiction novel Time's Eye by Arthur C. Clarke and Stephen Baxter has some of its lead characters from the year 2037.
 The Night Sessions, a 2008 novel by Ken MacLeod, is set in this year.

Music 
 Lumi, a fictional character and the singer of the virtual band Genki Rockets, was born on September 11, 2037, and is the first human to be born in space.

References 

 
Years in the future
2041 (MMXLI) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events 
 10 March - the passage of the comet 14P/Volfa near Jupiter. The diameter of the comet's nucleus is estimated to be 4.6 km.
 Scheduled completion of the proposed project to create a railroad connecting Moscow to New York.

In fiction

Television 
 In Happy Tree Friends episode, "Flippy in Wonderland", the episode set in December 2049, Flippy is a natural army bear living in New York City (which is now an futuristic cars) with Actor as his movie star. Meanwhile, a naturalist bear goes into the future. This is a 30 years after the episode was first broadcast in 2019.

2041
Years in the future
2043 (MMXLIII) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events 

 2043 will see the close of 6000 years of human history, according to the count of years in the Hebrew Old Testament. This may be readily computed by placing the construction of Solomon's Temple (1 Kings 6:1) at 966 BC, a widely accepted date based on the work of Edwin Thiele in the mid 20th century. From 966 BC count back 2992 years to the first man, as given in the Old Testament record. (1656 Adam to the Flood, 427 to Abraham, 430 to the Exodus, 479 to 1 Kings 6:1.) This places the first man at 3958 BC. 6000 years forward takes one to 2043 AD.

 Assuming no further changes in the copyright law, all sound recordings fixed between February 15 and December 31, 1972 will enter public domain in the United States:
Slovenia will close down its nuclear plant by this year.

In fiction 
 2043 marks the first contact between humans and the Centaurians in the computer game Alien Legacy.
 According to the Acecombat universe, war breaks out between Neucom Inc. and General Resource Ltd. The Universal Peace Enforcement Organization is sent to settle the conflict. The war lasts until 2044.
 The video game Rise of the Robots takes place in November.
 The movie The Postman (1997) concludes.
 The 2010 movie The Book of Eli is set.

 
Years in the future
2046 (MMXLVI) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events

Date unknown
The 2046 Winter Olympics will be held.

In fiction 
 The 2009 video for the songs PerfektBreitHimmelblau take place in this year.
 The film Doom, based on the video game series of the same name, takes place in this year.
 The Epilogue of the Jordan Chandler novel A Decibel Eight takes place this year
 The 1994 Cyberpunk Anime series Armitage III is set in this year.
 Macross 7: Trash, a manga series by Haruhiko Mikimoto, serving as a side-story to Macross 7
 the series lost in space takes place in 2046.

 
Years in the future
2047 (MMXLVII) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events

July 
 July – A METI message called Teen Age Message sent from the 70-meter Eupatoria Planetary Radar will arrive at its destination, 47 UMa star.
 July 1 – The present "one country, two systems" in Hong Kong may end, as it was guaranteed for 50 years starting from July 1, 1997, provided under the Hong Kong Basic Law. The agreement was raised by Deng Xiaoping to deal with Hong Kong's reunification with the People's Republic of China in 1997, and stipulated in the Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984. What will be done is not stated in any document.

August 
 August 15 – India celebrates its 100th Independence Day.

December 
 December 31 – After this date, works published between January 1, 1978 and December 31, 2002 have the possibility of entering the public domain in the United States. U.S. Copyright law specifically prohibits any work created during that period from automatically entering the public domain before this date.

In fiction 
 In the Command and Conquer universe, the Third Tiberium War is started when the Brotherhood of Nod destroys the Global Defense Initiative's orbital command centre, the Philadelphia, using a nuclear missile.
 In the Star Trek universe the city of Los Angeles is struck by the  Hermosa Earthquake  causing parts of the city to fall into the sea.
 In Event Horizon (film), a search-and-rescue team is sent to a decaying space ship orbiting Neptune where an unimaginable horror awaits them.
 The English localization of Snatcher for the Sega CD, an adventure game originally released in Japan for various platforms, moved the setting from 2042 to 2047.
 In the SimCity video game, floodings hit Rio de Janeiro due to global warming.
 A Balkanized India enters a water war in the Postcyberpunk Hugo award-winning novel, River of Gods by Ian McDonald
 Voices of a Distant Star, a Japanese anime, is set in 2047.
Crysis 3 is set in this year, where an enormous dome is placed over New York City to stop the expansion of the Ceph. Inside, the abandoned city is overrun with vegetation and the alien invaders. The game's protagonist, Alcatraz, has remained in the city ever since the end of Crysis 2

References

 
Years in the future
2048 (MMXLVIII) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events

Date unknown 
 2048 Summer Olympics will be held.

January 
 January 14 – The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty will come up for review.

February 
 February 29 – There will be a rare full moon. This will be the first instance of a full moon on a leap day since 1972.

June 
 June - Asteroid 2007 VK184 has a chance of 1 in 3030 of hitting Earth in this year.
 June 12 - The Philippines will celebrate its 150th Independence Day Anniversary. 150 years since its liberation from the Spanish Colonization

In fiction 
 Strider (1989)
 Wipeout 2048 (2011)
 Fear Effect 2: Retro Helix (2001)

 
Years in the future
Continental Airlines was an American airline based and headquartered in downtown Houston, Texas. It was founded in 1937.  It was the fourth-largest airline in the US based on revenue passenger miles. Since 1998, Continental's marketing slogan had been Work Hard, Fly Right. Continental Airlines announced on Monday, May 3, 2010, that they were merging with United Airlines.  The merger was approved in September 2010, and the parent company changed its name to United Continental Holdings when United completed its acquisition of Continental.  The combined airline takes the United Airlines name but uses Continental's globe and livery.  There has been negative reaction to the new livery, many of whom were in favor of keeping the iconic "tulip" logo, designed by Saul Bass in 1973.

Continental operated flights to destinations throughout the U.S., Canada, Latin America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific regions. Together with its subsidiaries it had more than 2,423 daily departures, serving 130 domestic and 132 international destinations and had 42,210 employees (as of December 2009). Principal operations were from its three hubs at Newark Liberty International Airport, George Bush Intercontinental Airport, and Cleveland Hopkins International Airport. Continental Micronesia, owned by Continental, operated routes around Micronesia from its hub at Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport in Guam, and connected the Micronesian region with destinations in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Honolulu and Cairns, Australia.

Gallery

References

1937 establishments in the United States
2012 disestablishments
Airlines of the United States
Companies based in Houston
Defunct companies of the United States
20th-century establishments in Texas
Choi Jin-Cheul (born 26 March 1971) is a former South Korean football player. He has played for Korea Republic national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1996||Chonbuk Dinos||K-League||27||0||||||2||1||colspan="2"|-||29||1
|-
|1997||rowspan="3"|Chonbuk Hyundai Dinos||rowspan="3"|K-League||9||0||||||12||2||colspan="2"|-||21||2
|-
|1998||11||6||||||16||2||colspan="2"|-||27||8
|-
|1999||26||7||||||9||2||colspan="2"|-||35||9
|-
|2000||rowspan="8"|Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors||rowspan="8"|K-League||25||2||||||7||1||colspan="2"|-||32||3
|-
|2001||21||0||||||4||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|-
|2002||23||0||||||1||0||colspan="2"|-||24||0
|-
|2003||33||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||37||1
|-
|2004||17||1||2||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||23||2
|-
|2005||19||0||2||0||11||1||colspan="2"|-||32||1
|-
|2006||16||1||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||20||1
|-
|2007||14||0||1||0||1||0||2||1||18||1
241||18||9||0||71||10||2||1||323||29
241||18||9||0||71||10||2||1||323||29
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1997||1||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||0||0
|-
|2001||4||0
|-
|2002||19||1
|-
|2003||8||0
|-
|2004||15||2
|-
|2005||3||1
|-
|2006||13||0
|-
!Total||63||4
|}

References 

1971 births
Living people
South Korean footballers
Andrés D'Alessandro (born 15 April 1981) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Internacional.

Club career statistics

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="4"|River Plate||rowspan="4"|Primera División||1||0
|-
|2000/01||4||0
|-
|2001/02||36||9
|-
|2002/03||29||10

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Wolfsburg||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||29||3
|-
|2004/05||19||3
|-
|2005/06||13||2

|-
|2005/06||Portsmouth||Premier League||13||1

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Real Zaragoza||rowspan="2"|La Liga||36||2
|-
|2007/08||14||3

|-
|2007/08||San Lorenzo Almagro||Primera División||15||2

|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Internacional||rowspan="3"|Série A||11||2
|-
|2009||22||5
|-
|2010||||
85||21
61||8
13||1
50||5
33||6
242||41
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2003||9||2
|-
|2004||10||1
|-
|2005||3||0
|-
!Total||22||3
|}

References

1981 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
Sportspeople from Buenos Aires
Milan Rapaić (born 16 August 1973) is a former Croatian football player. He has played for Croatia national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992||rowspan="5"|Hajduk Split||rowspan="5"|Prva HNL||2||0
|-
|1992/93||17||4
|-
|1993/94||25||8
|-
|1994/95||15||2
|-
|1995/96||25||6

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Perugia||Serie A||31||4
|-
|1997/98||Serie B||28||5
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Serie A||34||9
|-
|1999/00||28||2

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Fenerbahçe||First League||29||11
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Süper Lig||16||3
|-
|2002/03||6||1

|-
|2002/03||Hajduk Split||Prva HNL||11||3

|-
|2003/04||Ancona||Serie A||14||4

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Standard Liège||rowspan="3"|First Division||20||4
|-
|2005/06||18||7
|-
|2006/07||22||3

|-
|2007/08||Trogir||Druga HNL||1||0
96||23
135||24
51||15
60||14
342||76
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1994||1||0
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||2||0
|-
|1997||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||8||0
|-
|2000||2||0
|-
|2001||6||1
|-
|2002||10||1
|-
|2003||10||2
|-
|2004||6||1
|-
|2005||0||0
|-
|2006||3||0
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
!Total||49||5
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Croatian footballers
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Sakai was born in Nagareyama on August 2, 1975. He joined his local club Kashiwa Reysol from their youth team in 1994. He played many matches as right midfielder. The club won the champions at 1999 J.League Cup. From 2000, his opportunity to play decreased behind Mitsuteru Watanabe. He moved to Consadole Sapporo in 2002. He retired end of 2003 season.

On October 13, 1996, Sakai debuted for the Japan national team against Tunisia.

Statistics

|-
|1994||rowspan="8"|Kashiwa Reysol||Football League||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1995||rowspan="7"|J1 League||19||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|-
|1996||19||8||1||1||12||3||32||12
|-
|1997||14||0||3||1||6||0||23||1
|-
|1998||27||5||2||3||2||0||31||8
|-
|1999||24||2||4||2||7||0||35||4
|-
|2000||15||0||2||1||0||0||17||1
|-
|2001||12||1||0||0||2||0||14||1
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Consadole Sapporo||J1 League||17||1||0||0||3||0||20||1
|-
|2003||J2 League||10||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
157||17||12||8||32||3||201||28
157||17||12||8||32||3||201||28
|}

|-
|1996||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

1975 births
Living people
Footballers from Chiba Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Kashiwa Reysol players
Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo players
The Pennsylvanian is the Upper Carboniferous epoch in the strata of North America. It comes after (above) the Mississippian, and before the Permian. The Pennsylvanian started about 323 million years ago (mya), and ended about 299 mya.

The coal measures, which give the Carboniferous its name, are the remains of peat formed by dense tropical wetland forests. They were formed in the Pennsylvanian, from about 315–300 million years years ago.

These forests were on the equator, and the wetlands, which are always low-lying, stretched from North America in the west, through what is now Europe to China in the east, because these continents were all together at the time (Laurussia). The river plain which was the heart of the wetland stretched 5000km from eastern Canada to Ukraine, and was 700km wide.p6 This would make the Pennsylvanian basin larger than any wetlands on Earth today.

The characteristic vertebrates of the coal measures were amphibia, and the plants were mostly giant clubmosses such as Lepidodendron.

Change of climate 
The rainforest system collapsed about halfway through the Pennsylvanian, and was replaced by a cooler, drier climate. The wetland forests ended when the land level was raised by the pressure of the Gondwana continent against Laurussia, causing the zone of contact to be raised. The end of the Coal Measures marks the end of the Carboniferous period. China was too far away to be affected, and there the wetland forests continued for another 50 million years, into the early Permian.p30

As the climate became drier, egg-laying amniotes (Synapsids and Sauropsids) became more common than amphibia. These are the lines that would lead to reptiles and mammals. These egg-laying land vertebrates probably split from the early amniotes in the Mississippian.

References 

Carboniferous
The Viceroy (Limenitis archippus) is a species of butterfly. It belongs in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in North America.

Ecology

Colour pattern 
The wings are orange. They have black veins and black wing edges. There is a black band across the hind wing (bottom wing). This band can sometimes be faint or missing if the butterfly lives in the southwestern United States. In Florida, the Viceroy is dark reddish brown instead of orange. The wingspan ranges from 6.6 to 7.6 cm (2.6 to 3 in).

Its significance 
The orange Viceroys mimic the Monarch (Danaus plexippus). The reddish brown Viceroys mimic the Queen (Danaus gilippus) and the Soldier (Danaus eresimus).

The caterpillar feeds on trees in the willow family Salicaceae, including willows (Salix), and poplars and cottonwoods (Populus). The caterpillars store the salicylic acid in their bodies, which makes them bitter, and upsets predators' stomachs. As further protection, the caterpillars, as well as their chrysalis stage, resemble bird droppings.

The Viceroy (Limenitis archippus) is a North American butterfly with a range from the Northwest Territories along the eastern edges of the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada mountains, southwards into central Mexico.

Its wings have an orange and black pattern, and over most of its range it is a Müllerian mimic with the Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). What this means is that they are both bitter tasting, and they both use the same pattern of colours where they live in the same territory. Müllerian mimicry is a shared warning advertisement, in this case of foul taste.

Flight period 
Adults fly in the late morning and early afternoon.

The Viceroy can be found from June to July in northern Canada. It can be found from May to October in southern Canada and the northern United States. It is found all year in southern Florida. In the southwestern United States, it is seen from April to November.

Habitat 
This butterfly is found in a wide range of wet, open places such as water edges, wet meadows, and freshwater marshes.

Life cycle 

The female lays her eggs singly. They are laid at the tip of the host plant leaf (the host plant is the plant that the caterpillar feeds on). The egg is pale green or pale yellow. It turns gray later. The caterpillar feeds at night. It mimics a bird dropping. It is white, brown, black, and olive green. There are two greenish bumps on the thorax. There are also two spines near the head. The chrysalis also mimics a bird dropping. It is white, brown, and black. There is a large brownish bump on the abdomen. The caterpillar hibernates in a leaf shelter. It lays one set of eggs in northern Canada, and 2-3 more groups in southern Canada and the United States.

References

Other websites 

USDA PLANTS Database

Nymphalidae
William Henry Harrison Miller (September 6, 1840–May 25, 1917) was an American lawyer and Attorney General of the United States.

Born in Augusta, New York, Miller graduated from Hamilton College in 1861. He studied law in the office of Chief Justice Morrison Waite, and was admitted to the bar in Peru, Indiana in 1865. Miller practiced in that city for a short time, and was also the county school examiner. For many years, he was an advisor to General Benjamin Harrison. In 1889, President Harrison made Miller Attorney General. He was Attorney General until 1893.

Miller died in 1917 in Indianapolis, Indiana, and is buried in Crown Hill Cemetery in that city.

References

1840 births
1917 deaths
United States Attorneys General
Politicians from New York
Lawyers from New York
The cnida is the basic term for the stinging apparatus of the phylum Cnidaria. The whole life-style of the phylum is based on this device, which enables the animals to catch their prey. The cnida appears in several forms: the most usual is the nematocyst. 

Cnidae are organelle-like capsules with eversible tubules (they shoot the tubule outwards). They are the diagnostic feature of the phylum. All cnidarians possess cnidae; no loss of the feature is known.

There are three main types of cnidae: nematocysts, ptychocysts, and spirocysts, with many variations. Depending on the species, one or more types may be on the organism.

Nematocyst. This is the main type, present in all Anthozoa. It is a harpoon-like structure which holds and paralyses small prey.
Ptychocyst. This puts out a sticky substance. This is used to hold on to prey, and to help make tubes for burrowing tube anemones.
Spirocyst. This is a lasso-like string that is fired at prey. It wraps around the prey.

The cell which produces the cnida is variously called a cnidocyte, cnidoblast, or nematocyte. It is highly specialised for just one function. Each nematocyte cell contains an organelle with a hollow, coiled, thread-like structure. The outside of the cell has a hair-like trigger. When the trigger is touched, the shaft of the cnidocyst fires like a harpoon. It penetrates the prey, and the hollow thread comes with it. This takes no more than a few microseconds. After penetration, the toxic content of the nematocyst is injected into the target. The rapid activity of the injected neurotoxins paralyzes the mobile prey, thus allowing the sessile cnidarian to devour it.

Kleptoplasty 
Certain types of sea slugs, such as the nudibranch aeolids, store nematocysts from digested jellyfish at the tips of their cerata (body projections). It is quite common for predators to store useful plastids from their victims.

References 

Cnidarians
Animal anatomy
Brunswick is a town in Rensselaer County, New York, United States that was first settled in the early 1700s. During its history, it had been part of Albany County, Rensselaerswyck, and Troy, before its incorporation in 1807. It is bordered on the west by the city of Troy; on the north by Schaghticoke and Pittstown; on the east by Grafton; and on the south by Poestenkill and North Greenbush. The number of people living there was 11,664 at the 2000 census. The story of the town's name is fought: some say it comes from the source of its first people who lived in Germany, Brunswick-Lüneburg, while others say that it honors the "Duke of Brunswick (George I).

The town was in the past agricultural, but began experiencing suburban sprawl in the later decades of the 20th century, which continues today. Historically, most of the developments have happened around the town's two major crowded roads: New York Route 7 and New York Route 2, known locally as Hoosick Road and Brunswick Road. Brunswick became a popular place to settle in upon the completion of the local highway system in the Capital District, mostly the fix of Route 7 into a four-lane highway in the 1980s.

Landmarks
The town has two listings on the National Register of Historic Places, both schoolhouses: Garfield School and the Little Red Schoolhouse. And, it is home to a well-known cemetery, Forest Park Cemetery, right now under the power of the town. It is known by urban legend as being one of the most haunted cemeteries in the United States. A very small part of the historic Oakwood Cemetery, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and burial place of Samuel Wilson, a possible  namesake of Uncle Sam, remains within the northwestern part of the town.

Towns in New York
Jefferson often refers to Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States and the principal author of its Declaration of Independence.

Jefferson may also refer to:

Places
Canada
Jefferson, Alberta

United States
Jefferson, Colorado
Jefferson, Georgia
Jefferson, Indiana
Jefferson, Iowa
Jefferson, Kansas
Jeffersontown, Kentucky, originally known as Jefferson
Jefferson, Louisiana
Jefferson, Maine
Jefferson, Maryland
Jefferson, Massachusetts, a village in the town of Holden
Jefferson, Minnesota
Jefferson, New Hampshire
Jefferson, New York
Jefferson, North Carolina
Jefferson, Ohio
Jefferson, Oklahoma
Jefferson, Oregon
Jefferson, Pennsylvania:
Jefferson, Greene County, Pennsylvania
Jefferson Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania
Jefferson, York County, Pennsylvania
Jefferson, South Carolina
Jefferson, South Dakota
Jefferson, Texas
Jefferson, West Virginia
Jefferson, Wisconsin:
Jefferson, Wisconsin, a city
Jefferson, Green County, Wisconsin, a town
Jefferson, Monroe County, Wisconsin, a town
Jefferson, Vernon County, Wisconsin, a town
Jefferson, Jefferson County, Wisconsin, a town
Jefferson Junction, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

People
Jefferson (surname)
Jefferson (given name)

In culture 
 The Jeffersons, 1975-1985 American sitcom

Other uses
Jefferson Ward or Jeffersons, a discount department store chain operated by Montgomery Ward until 1988

Related pages
Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D.C.
Jefferson River, a tributary of the Missouri River in North America
Jefferson City
Jefferson County
Jefferson Township
Jefferson Park
Jefferson Pools, near Warm Springs, Virginia
Jeffersonville
Jefferson Airplane or Jefferson Starship, a band
This Is Spinal Tap is a 1984 comedy movie. This movie pretends to be a documentary. It pretends to tell the story of a rock band called "Spinal Tap."  In the movie, the members of this band are David St. Hubbins, Derek Smalls and Nigel Tufnel. They are played by actors Michael McKean, Harry Shearer, and  Christopher Guest.

Rob Reiner directed the movie and also acted in it.  He pretended to be Marty DiBergi, director of the documentary.

Cast

 Michael McKean as David St. Hubbins
 Christopher Guest as Nigel Tufnell (Tuffy)
 Harry Shearer as Derek Smalls
 Rob Reiner as Marty DiBergi
 Tony Hendra as Ian Faith
David Kaff as Viv Savage
 R.J. Parnell, (drummer for Atomic Rooster), as Mick Shrimpton
 June Chadwick as Jeanine Pettibone
 Bruno Kirby as limo driver Tommy Pischedda
 Ed Begley, Jr. as John "Stumpy" Pepys
 Danny Kortchmar as Ronnie Pudding
 Fran Drescher as Bobbi Flekman
 Patrick Macnee as Sir Denis Eton-Hogg
 Julie Payne as mime waitress
 Dana Carvey as mime waiter
 Sandy Helberg as Angelo DiMentibelio

 Zane Buzby as Rolling Stone reporter
 Billy Crystal as Morty the Mime
 Paul Benedict as Tucker "Smitty" Brown
 Howard Hesseman as Terry Ladd
 Paul Shortino as Duke Fame
 Lara Cody as Duke Fame's groupie
 Andrew J. Lederer as student promoter
 Russ Kunkel as doomed drummer Eric "Stumpy Joe" Childs
 Vicki Blue as Cindy
 Joyce Hyser as Belinda
 Gloria Gifford as the airport security officer with the wand
 Paul Shaffer as incompetent promoter Artie Fufkin (Polymer Records)
 Archie Hahn as the room service guy
 Charles Levin as Disc 'n' Dat manager
 Anjelica Huston as Polly Deutsch
 Fred Willard as the Lieutenant on the Air Force base

References

Other websites 
  
 
 
 

1984 comedy movies
1980s satirical movies
American parody movies
American satirical movies
English-language movies
Mockumentaries
Movies directed by Rob Reiner
United States National Film Registry movies
American independent movies
The red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) is a buzzard. Sometimes it is called a chickenhawk,  though it does not normally eat chickens. It is a bird of prey. It breeds throughout most of North America, from western Alaska and northern Canada and as far south as Panama and the West Indies. It weighs from  to  and its wingspan goes from  to .

The red-tailed hawk is a carnivore and eats shrews and mice. They have keen eyesight to see even the smallest mouse scamper across a field. It can swoop down at least 80mph per hour. It will pick up its prey, dig its talons into its body and kill it and eat. It can swoop down so fast that it can pick up its prey in less than 5 seconds.

Because they are so common and easily trained, most hawks got for falconry in the United States are red-tails. Falconers may take only 'passage hawks' (which have left the nest, are on their own, but are less than a year old). This is so not to affect the breeding population. Adults, which may be breeding or rearing chicks, may not be taken for falconry purposes and it is illegal to do so. 

Passage red-tailed hawks are also preferred by falconers because these younger birds have not yet developed adult behaviors, which would make training much more difficult.

Accipitriformes