cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Peter Warlock (born London, 30 October 1894; died London, 17 December 1930),  was an English composer. “Peter Warlock” was not his real name. His real name was Philip Heseltine. He was also a music critic. When he wrote about music he used his real name, but when he composed music he used the pseudonym (borrowed name) "Peter Warlock", which is the name by which he is usually remembered today.

Life 
Philip Heseltine did not come from a musical family. When he was two years old his father died. His mother married again and went back to live in Wales, where she came from. Philip went to school at Eton College.

He was still a teenager when he was introduced to the composer Delius, who lived in France. They became good friends and Philip made piano arrangements of some of Delius’s music. Later he wrote a book about Delius. He studied in Germany for a time, and then at Oxford where he studied classics. He learned about music by teaching himself. He did not fight in World War I. He was a conscientious objector, but also, his health was not good enough for him to be in the army.

He spent most of his life in London, but he did visit Ireland for a year, and also spent three years with his mother in Wales, and four years in Kent where he lived with Ernest Moeran. Heseltine and Moeran often got drunk together. He became friends with the composer Bernard van Dieren whose music influenced him a lot. He also liked poetry from the time of Queen Elizabeth I.

He died in his apartment from gas poisoning. It is not certain whether it was suicide, but he did let his cat out before he turned on the gas.

His music
His music, written under the name of Peter Warlock, often has links with his literary writings. Some of the best works he wrote are his songs, especially the song-cycle The Curlew, which has lyrics from poems by W. B. Yeats. One of his most popular works is the Capriol Suite for string orchestra.

Warlock wrote many carols, such as Adam Lay Ybounden, Tyrley Tyrlow, and Bethlehem Down.

Warlock was not influenced by folksong like many other English composers of the time. He liked many different styles, including  Renaissance music and the music of Bartók whom he met.

Other websites
The UK branch of the Peter Warlock Society website 

1894 births
1930 deaths
20th-century English composers
Charles Wood (born Armagh, 15 June 1866; died Cambridge, 12 July 1926) was an Irish composer and teacher.

Charles Wood was born in Armagh, Ireland.  His father sang in the Cathedral choir.  Charles had music lessons from the cathedral organist, then he went to the Royal College of Music where he studied composition with C.V.Stanford and Hubert Parry.  He also learned to play the horn and piano.  After four years he went to Selwyn College, Cambridge, at first to study, then to teach harmony and counterpoint.  In 1889 he got a teaching job at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.  Soon he became their first Director of Music and Organist. When Stanford died, Wood became Professor of Music at Cambridge.

Wood is mainly remembered today for his Anglican church music.  He wrote music for the Communion Service and service settings of the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis.   These are often sung today in cathedrals and churches. He wrote many fine anthems including O thou, the central orb.  In Cambridge he is remembered for the chimes he wrote for the clocks of Gonville and Caius College.

His pupils included Ralph Vaughan Williams at Cambridge and Herbert Howells at the Royal College of Music.

References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie ISBN 1-56159-174-2

1866 births
1926 deaths
20th-century composers
Romantic composers
Irish composers
Sir Arthur Bliss CH KCVO (London, 2 August 1891; died London, 27 March 1975) was a British composer (a person who writes music).  When he started composing, his music sounded very modern and harsh. As he got older he changed his style and wrote more Romantic music in the style of English composer Edward Elgar.  For more than twenty years he was Master of the Queen's Music.

Early life
His father was American, his mother was English.  He went to school at Rugby. He went to Cambridge University where he studied with Irish composer Charles Wood.  Wood also taught the composer Ralph Vaughan Williams. Bliss got to know Elgar whose music influenced him very much.

For a short time he learned music from Charles Villiers Stanford at the Royal College of Music.  During World War I he served in the army.

After World War 1
After the war he started to play his music in public.  These compositions show the influence of Stravinsky, Ravel and Les Six.  His music even sounded jazzy.  After a few years his music became more Romantic.  Elgar asked him to write something for the Three Choirs Festival in 1922.  The piece he composed was his Colour Symphony in which he tries to describe colours in music.

During the 1920s his music became more traditional.  He wrote a lot of music for movies including music for the movie Things to Come (H.G.Wells).  He loved the theatre and composed music for the ballets Checkmate and Miracle in the Gorbals.  One of his best works is the choral symphony Morning Heroes (1930). This was written to remember those who were killed in World War I.

America
When World War II started he was in the USA.  He stayed there and taught at Berkeley, California until 1941.  Then he returned to England.  For a time he was Director of Music of the BBC.  He wrote an opera The Olympians.  In 1953 he was made Master of the Queen's Music.  He kept that position until his death, writing many pieces of music for official royal occasions.

He was given many honours, including the Companion of Honour and the Royal Victorian Order.

In his later years he composed several works for orchestra as well as for choirs.

He died on 27 March 1975.  His wife, Gertrude died on 21 November 2008 at the age of 104.

References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie

Other websites
The Arthur Bliss society

20th-century English composers
1891 births
1975 deaths
Companions of Honour
Royal Victorian Order
Ammunition, often called ammo, comes from the French word la munition. At first it meant all items used for war. This was from the Latin word munire (to provide). It now is used only for bullets and other projectiles that are thrown at the enemy by guns, and the gunpowder or other propellant that throws the projectiles. The group word for all types of ammunition is munitions. This means any explosive thing that can be used in combat and includes bombs, missiles, warheads, and mines (landmines, naval mines, and claymore mines). These are made in munitions factories. 

Ammunition is mainly used to attack a target. Ammunition can include flares and incendiary devices that start fires.  Since the invention of the cartridge, ammunition has come to mean the putting of a projectile - the item that is sent to hit the target, and its propellant - the chemical that creates the force, into a single package. 

Ammunition is a complex subject.  It includes many different weapons used by people, such as explosives and propellants, cartridges, high explosive projectiles (HE), warheads, special shells to attack armour and aircraft, carrier projectiles, fuses, mortar ammunition, small arms (revolver and pistol) ammunition, grenades, mines, flares, improved conventional munitions, and computer guided munition.

References

 
Explosives
An emirate is a political territory that is ruled by an emir, a dynastic Arab Monarch. The word emirate or amirate comes from , Imaarah ; plural: إمارات, Imaraat.  The United Arab Emirates is a federal state of seven federal emirates, each administered by a hereditary emir, these seven elect the federation's President and Prime Minister. Most emirates have either disappeared or become part of a larger modern state, some changed their rulers' title, e.g. to Malik (Arabic for King) or Sultan. Therefore true emirate-states have become rare. 

In Arabic the term can be generalized to mean any province of a country that is administered by a member of the ruling class, especially of a member of the royal family, as in Saudi Arabian governorates.

List of independent Emirates 
 Kuwait
 Qatar
 United Arab Emirates

List of former and integrated emirates 
 The Emirate of Armenia
 Emirate of Sicily, Sicily 965-1072
 Emirate of Granada, Spain 1228-1492
 Emirate of Trarza, modern southwest Mauritania 1640s-1910s
 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
 Islamic Emirate of Waziristan
 Az Zubayr
 Bahrain, became a kingdom in 2002

References

Other websites 
 What Is Life Really Like In Dubai, UAE?; YouTube

Feudalism
Forms of government
Mike Busniuk (born December 13, 1951 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He is the younger brother of Ron Busniuk, who played for the Buffalo Sabres.

Records
Only player in AHL history to be a member of four consecutive Calder Cup championship teams (1976–1979)

Other websites

1951 births
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Ice hockey people from Ontario
People from Thunder Bay
Philadelphia Flyers players
Living people
American Hockey League players
The Glasgow Subway is a subway system serving Glasgow, Scotland, UK.

Rail transport in the United Kingdom
Subway
Tyne and Wear Metro is a rapid transit in Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, South Tyneside, North Tyneside and Sunderland in United Kingdom.

Light rail in the United Kingdom
Transport in England
Electric railways in the United Kingdom
Sunderland, Tyne and Wear
Newcastle, Tyne and Wear
Rapid transit in the United Kingdom
Sydney Rae White (born 30 November 1991) is an English actress and singer.

Biography 
Sydney was born in London on 30 November 1991. She first attended Broomfield House School in Kew. She got her parents to take her to the children's agency Young'uns. After her first audition she was offered the role of Cosette in Les Misérables. The next year she had four performances per week at London's Palace Theatre while still doing schoolwork. Sydney then auditioned for the Sylvia Young Theatre School. She was accepted and started in September 2002.

Sydney lives in West London with her parents, two older brothers (Paul and Adam) and two younger brothers (Cameron and Spike). She also has a dog called Digger. She won a LAMDA award in 2003. She currently stars in the CBBC programme Young Dracula. She plays one of the main characters, Erin Noble.

Filmography 
 The Snow Queen (2005) (TV)...Gerda
 Prime Suspect: The Final Act (2006) (TV)...Girl on Heath
 The Sarah Jane Adventures (1 episode, 2007)... Bubbleshock girl
 Disney Channel Games...Herself
 As the Bell Rings (1 episode, 2007)...Emma
 Welcome to PCA (2009) (TV)...Missy Mean
 The Rules of Love (Jess) (2010)
 Doctors (Nikki) (2010)
 Young Dracula (2011-Present) (TV)...Erin Noble

Discography

Albums 
 Welcome to PCA (2009)

Singles 
"Sun goes down" (2011)

English television actors
English singers
1991 births
Living people
Judicial nullification is a right of a judge to nullify (make invalid) a law if they feel it is too harsh in a certain situation where it is being applied. During the Constitutional Convention many, including George Mason, Elbridge Gerry and James Wilson felt the courts could decide if a law was unconstitutional, and if so, refuse to enforce it. Other founding fathers including John Francis Mercer, Gouverneur Morris and John Dickinson argued against allowing judges to have that power. The issue was left unanswered. However, when deciding that a new law needed the approval of the president, all attempts to have the judiciary approve new laws were soundly defeated. Judicial Nullification is sometimes used to mean jury nullification. More often it means nullifying a law, legal code or statute by a member of the judiciary.

In 1832 South Carolina said a new tariff law was unconstitutional, thus not really a law. Vice President John C. Calhoun agreed, but President Andrew Jackson disagreed. Jackson threatened to send troops. The two sides negotiated. Congress changed the tariff, and South Carolina decided the new law was not against the Constitution.

In 2011 the Supreme Court made a ruling that, in essence, says lower court judges can ignore the law. There were three petitions before the Court asking if federal courts need to be stopped from ignoring laws, rules and facts. The Supreme Court refused to grant certiorari (a writ seeking judicial review of a matter). In other words, the Court refused to consider the three petitions.

References 

United States law
UTC+08:00 is the timezone for:
 Brunei
 China
 Republic of China
 Hong Kong
 Indonesia (central areas)
 Macau
 Malaysia
 Mongolia
 Philippines
 Singapore
 Western Australia - Australian Western Standard Time (AWST)

UTC offsets

cs:Časové pásmo#UTC+8 H, AWST (Australian Western Standard Time)
es:Huso horario#UTC+08:00, H
A governess is a female person who works for a family, teaching the children in their home. She is not like a nanny who looks after them all day, dressing them etc. The governess's job is to be their teacher. She saw to their discipline and early education. Often girls received all their education from their governess (or sometimes a tutor), though boys usually went away to boarding school before their teen years, and then some went on to college.

Very few children nowadays have a governess, but it was quite common in the families of rich people until around the beginning of the 20th century. In England quite a lot of young children who lived in the country, a long way from good schools, had a governess. When the boys were old enough they were sent away to a boarding school.

Governesses taught basic skills such as Reading, Writing and Arithmetic. They may also have taught other skills such as French, piano playing and drawing or painting. Sometimes other teachers might be 

A governess was not a household worker, but she was not treated like a member of the family either. This meant that they were often quite lonely, and they usually ate their meals alone. For girls from a middle class background who were not married it was one of the only ways of earning a living. When the children she taught (her "charges") grew up, she would have to find a new job.

Novels of the time were usually about rich families, and a governess often comes into the story, e.g. in Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre or Anne Brontë's Agnes Grey. Maria, the main character in The Sound of Music, leaves the convent and becomes a governess to the children of the von Trapp family.

Other websites
The Confederation of the Rhine was a client state of First French Empire. It existed from 1806 through 1813. Its ruler was Napoleon I of France, called "Protector of the Federation".  It included most of the German states but not the two biggest, Prussia and Austria.  The Confederation of the Rhine was one of the successors of Holy Roman Empire and one of the predecessors of the German Confederation.  The confederation only lived a few years but it was a precedent for the later unification of Germany.  It temporarily unified many of the diverse German states east of the Rhine River.

19th century in Germany
Former federations
Former German countries
1806 establishments in Europe
1813 disestablishments
1810s disestablishments in Europe
1800s establishments in Germany
19th-century disestablishments in Germany
Leonard Constant Lambert (23 August 1905 – 21 August 1951) was a British composer and conductor.

Early years
Lambert’s father was the painter George Washington Lambert who had come to England from  Australia. Lambert was often ill when he was a child.   He went to school at Christ's Hospital and won a scholarship to the  Royal College of Music. He soon became interested in French and Russian music. He became friends with other famous people including the Sitwell family, William Walton, Philip Heseltine and Bernard van Dieren.  He and Edith Sitwell were the reciters at a performance of Walton’s Façade.

Lambert was a prodigy: he was composing music for orchestra when he was only 13, and when he was 20 he was asked to write a ballet for Serge Diaghilev's world-famous Ballets Russes (Romeo and Juliet). 

He soon became very famous.  His best known work is The Rio Grande for piano solo, chorus and orchestra.  It has a mixture of musical styles: jazz, habaneras and the influence of  Delius and Duke Ellington.

Works
During the 1930s he performed a lot as a conductor with the Vic-Wells Ballet (later the Royal Ballet), but he stopped composing music. Lambert thought he had failed as a composer, and only finished two more big works in the last  sixteen years of his life. He continued conducting, and appeared at Covent Garden and in BBC broadcasts, and travelled to Europe and America conducting ballets.  He was an excellent ballet conductor and helped the dancers to give their best performance.

During the war he became ill.  He refused to see a doctor.  He was working very hard and also drinking a lot.

Lambert liked jazz and thought it was an important influence on popular culture of the time.  He wrote a book about this, called Music Ho! (1934).  The book is widely read today, although it shows a very personal approach to music.

Lambert was married twice.  His first marriage was to Florence Kaye.  He later married Isabel Nichols, an artist, in 1947.  After Constant Lambert's death, Isabel married the composer Alan Rawsthorne. 

Lambert died on 21 August 1951.  He had pneumonia and it was also found that he had diabetes made worse by alcoholism. 

20th-century English composers
British conductors
1905 births
1951 deaths
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (born London, 15 August 1875; died Croydon,  1 September 1912) was an English composer.

Coleridge-Taylor died in Holborn, London.  His black father was a doctor from Sierra Leone,  his mother was English. His parents were not married. The father went back to Africa by February 1875. He had the job of coroner for the British Empire in the Gambia in the late 1890s.  He did not know anything about his son’s existence.

Life
Coleridge-Taylor was brought up in Croydon .  He studied the violin at the Royal College of Music and composition with Charles Villiers Stanford.  In 1899 he married Jessie Walmisley who had been a student with him at the RCM.  Her parents did not want her to be married to someone of  mixed race.  The couple had a son, Hiawatha (1900-1980) and a daughter, Avril, born Gwendolyn (1903-1998).

Soon Coleridge-Taylor became known as a composer.  Edward Elgar helped him get one of his pieces performed at the Three Choirs Festival.  Two months later Stanford conducted the cantata Hiawatha’s Wedding Feast, the piece for which he is best remembered.  He toured the United States in 1904.  This made him even more interested in finding out about his racial heritage. He wanted to do for African music what Johannes Brahms had done for Hungarian music and Antonín Dvořák for Bohemian music. He had met the American poet Paul Laurence Dunbar in London and set some of his poems to music.  Several people encouraged him to learn more about his heritage.

Coleridge-Taylor was a shy man, but he was a very good conductor.  He was often asked to adjudicate at music festivals.

Coleridge-Taylor was 37 when he died of pneumonia. His widow hardly had any money, but  King George V gave her a pension of GB£100, which shows how popular Coleridge-Taylor had been as a composer.   A memorial concert was held later in 1912 at the Royal Albert Hall and gathered £300.

Coleridge-Taylor's works were often performed by Sir Malcolm Sargent who conducted ten seasons of a costumed ballet version of Hiawatha at the Royal Albert Hall between 1928 and 1939 with the Royal Choral Society (600 to 800 singers) and 200 dancers.

His music
Coleridge-Taylor's best-known work is his cantata Hiawatha's Wedding-feast, which was  performed very often by choral groups in England during his lifetime and for many years after his death.  He wrote several other pieces about Hiawatha: The Death of Minnehaha, Overture to The Song of Hiawatha and Hiawatha's Departure.

He also wrote a lot of chamber music, anthems and other works.  The orchestral piece Petite Suite de Concert used to be very popular, but its Romanticism sounds a little old-fashioned now.

References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed Stanley Sadie; 

1875 births
1912 deaths
20th-century English composers
Romantic composers
The Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro is a Catholic university based in the neighborhood Gavea in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was founded in 1941 by D. Sebastião Leme and the Rev. Leonel Franca, and was officially recognized in January 15, 1946.
The PUC-Rio was one of the first universities that taught Entrepreneurship in the graduation courses in Brazil.

Colleges and universities in Brazil
Rio de Janeiro
1941 establishments
1940s establishments in Brazil
Quim Monzó (born in Barcelona, Spain, in 1952) is a Catalan writer of novels, short stories and discursive prose, mostly in the Catalan language.

In the early 1970s, Monzó reported from Vietnam, Cambodia, Northern Ireland and East Africa for newspapers in Barcelona. His fiction is full of irony. His other prose maintains this humor. One collection of his essays, Catorze ciutats comptant-hi Brooklyn, is notable for its account of New York in the days immediately following September 11.

Bibliography

Books in English
 O'Clock, 1986. New York: Ballantine Books. Translated by Mary Ann Newman. 
 The enormity of the tragedy, 2007. London: Peter Owen Publishers. Translated by Peter Bush. 
 Gasoline, 2010. New York & Rochester: Open Letter. Translated by Mary Ann Newman. 
 Guadalajara, 2011, Rochester, NY: Open Letter. Translated by Peter Bush. ; 
 A thousand morons, 2013, Rochester, NY: Open Letter. Translated by Peter Bush. ; 
 Why, Why, Why?, 2019, Rochester, NY: Open Letter. Translated by Peter Bush. ;

Books in Catalan

Fiction
 L'udol del griso al caire de les clavegueres, 1976..
 Self Service, 1977. In collaboration with Biel Mesquida.
 Uf, va dir ell, 1978.
 Olivetti, Moulinex, Chaffoteaux et Maury, 1980.
 Benzina, 1983.
 L'illa de Maians, 1985.
 La magnitud de la tragèdia, 1989.
 El perquè de tot plegat, 1993.
 Guadalajara, 1996.
 Vuitanta-sis contes, 1999.
 El millor dels mons, 2001.
 Mil cretins, 2007.

Collected articles and essays
 El dia del senyor, 1984.
 Zzzzzzzz, 1987.
 La maleta turca, 1990.
 Hotel Intercontinental, 1991.
 No plantaré cap arbre, 1994.
 Del tot indefens davant dels hostils imperis alienígenes, 1998.
 Tot és mentida, 2000.
 El tema del tema, 2003.
 Catorze ciutats comptant-hi Brooklyn, 2004.
 Esplendor i glòria de la Internacional Papanates, 2004

Other websites 
 
Website dedicated to Quim Monzó
Open Letter Publishing House 
Peter Owen Publishers 
More than twenty-five years of essays by Monzó in the Barcelonian newspaper La Vanguardia 

1952 births
Living people
Writers from Barcelona
The National Command Authority (NCA) of Pakistan is the Pakistani organisation responsible for policy formulation. It has control over employment and development for all strategic nuclear forces and strategic organizations.

Pakistan
Breadalbane () is a small village on the Lachlan River in New South Wales, Australia. It is near Goulburn in the Upper Lachlan Shire. This little town is also on the Hume Highway which links Sydney and Melbourne. The highway used to go through the small town but it was bypassed in the early 1990s. Breadalbane is also situated on the Sydney-Melbourne railway line.

Breadalbane is also near the start of the Federal Highway. This branches off the Hume Highway just south of Goulburn and goes to Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory. Canberra is the capital city of Australia where the Federal Parliament sits.

History
Breadalbane is a very historic town. There are now only a few houses. In the past there was a hotel, service station and a railway station. These are now closed, although the old hotel and service station buildings are still there. They are now used as private houses. The railway station opened in 1875 and closed in 1974. The signal box was still used until 1979. All trace of the station has been removed, although a loading bank is still standing.

There is a memorial at the school to people from Breadalbane who fought in World War II. It has 40 names on it.

There is a memorial at the school to people from Breadalbane who fought in World War II. It has 40 names on it.

References

Towns in New South Wales
A hydrofoil is a type of boat that can lift its hull out of the water with a pair of special wings underwater. These wings are like the wings of an airplane.

How it works 
When a hydrofoil moves quickly, its wings allow it to fly. When this happens the boat is said to be in foilborne. The result of flying means less of the boat is touching the water and can make the boat have less drag which allows it to move faster (drag slows a boat down).
or special pontoons when going fast keep it out of the water.

Other websites 

 The International Hydrofoil Society
 Classic Fast Ferries Magazine
 Kawasaki Jetfoil 
 Rodriquez Cantieri Navali
 Soviet-made hydrofoils 
 Swiss experimental hydrofoils

Boats
Gundaroo is a small village in New South Wales, Australia. It is in the Yass Valley Shire.  It is built near the Yass River. Gundaroo is about 16 kms north of Sutton and about 15 km west of the Lake George range.  About 300 people live there.

History
The explorers Charles Throsby and Joseph Wild travelled through the Yass River valley in 1820.  The Aborigines called the valley Candariro which means blue crane. This name might be the meaning of the word Gundaroo.  Governor Lachlan Macquarie gave the first Europen settler, Peter Cooney, 30 acres in 1825.  Other farms were started quickly with about 400 people in the 1840s. The Harrow Inn (hotel) was built in 1834.  A post office was built in 1848 and an Anglican church, St Lukes in Upper Gundaroo (now part of a pottery business), in 1849. The first school opened in 1850 and a Police station in 1852.  When gold was discovered in the area in 1852 many more people came to the town.

Gundaroo has become a place where people who work in Canberra can live. It is a village for tourists from Canberra to visit because of its well cared for historic buildings.

References

Towns in New South Wales
John James "Jack" Adams (June 14, 1895 – May 1, 1968) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player, coach and general manager in the National Hockey League and Pacific Coast Hockey Association. He was a Hall of Fame player during a 10 year professional career with Toronto, Vancouver and Ottawa. He is best known for his 36-year association with the Detroit Red Wings of the NHL as coach or general manager. He later became president of the Central Hockey League.

Awards & achievements
 Won Stanley Cup as Player 1918 Toronto, 1927 Ottawa
 Won Stanley Cup as Manager-Coach 1936-37-43 with Detroit
 Won Stanley Cup as Manager 1950-52-54-55 with Detroit
Named in his honour, the Jack Adams Award was introduced in 1974 and is awarded annually to the most outstanding coach in the NHL.
Lester Patrick Trophy in 1966.
Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1959.
First All-Star Team Coach in 1937 & 1943.
Second All-Star Team Coach in 1945.

Related pages
List of NHL seasons
List of NHL players

References

Other websites
 

1895 births
1968 deaths
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey centres
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Ottawa Senators (original) players
People from Thunder Bay
Toronto Arenas players
Toronto St. Pats players
Jeremy Adduono (born August 4, 1978, in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey winger. He was drafted in the seventh round, 184th overall, by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft.

References

1978 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Ontario Hockey League players
People from Thunder Bay
United States Hockey League players
Old College is a building in Edinburgh, United Kingdom. It is part of University of Edinburgh.

Other websites 
 University of Edinburgh
 Edinburgh Law School
 Talbot Rice Gallery

Buildings and structures in Edinburgh
Garage Inc. is a cover album by American heavy metal band Metallica, released in 1998.

It includes recorded cover versions of other artists' songs, all of their b-side covers released up to that point, and the entire The $5.98 E.P.: Garage Days Re-Revisited, which had gone out of print since its original release in 1987. The title is a combination of Garage Days Re-Revisited and their song Damage, Inc.  Over 5 million copies have been sold in the US as certified by the RIAA.

Reception 
Professional reviews:
Rolling Stone (12/10/99, p. 122) - 4 Stars (out of 5) -"Gloriously hard as the album is, you can't miss Metallica's good natured side coming through."
Entertainment Weekly (12/18/98, p. 84) - "We'll have to wait until Metallica's next `proper' album to find out if this trip to the garage recharges their batteries. Still, all things considered, Garage Inc. is an intermittently exhilarating joyride." - Rating: B-
CMJ (12/21/98, p. 29) - "Those who still relate to the adolescent angst of the 'Metallicats' earliest days will find plenty to like on Garage Inc."

Track listing

Disc one 
These tracks were recorded in September-October 1998 for the Garage Inc. album.

Disc two
These tracks are a collection of B-sides from artists Metallica were inspired by throughout the early years of the band.

Personnel 
James Hetfield – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
Kirk Hammett – lead guitar
Jason Newsted – bass, backing vocals
Lars Ulrich – drums, percussion
Cliff Burton – bass on "Blitzkrieg" and "Am I Evil?"

References

Other websites 
Information about the album on the official website 

1998 albums
Heavy metal albums
Metallica albums
The Christmas 1994 nor'easter was a strong cyclone along the East Coast of the United States and Atlantic Canada. It developed from an area of low pressure in the southeast Gulf of Mexico near the Florida Keys, and moved across the state of Florida.

Meteorological history
A weather system moved towards the southeast from the central Great Plains into the Deep South of the United States. After entering the Gulf of Mexico, the weather system became a cyclone. An approaching trough pushed the system across Florida. A forecaster at the National Hurricane Center, Jack Beven, said that "as it [the storm] moved out into the Bahamas, it appeared to take on the characteristics of a tropical storm." He also noted that because of the uncertainty, the National Hurricane Center did not call the weather system a tropical cyclone.

The cyclone was said to be a "hybrid" storm. The cyclone quickly gained strength in warm waters from the Gulf Stream, and because of cold air over the United States. The system continued to become stronger while moving within the Gulf Stream. The storm developed central atmospheric convection, which is unusual for a storm of its type. Extratropical cyclone. Also, the system developed an eye, which is usually seen in tropical cyclones. Even though the cyclone showed signs of a tropical storm, forecaster Jack Beven stated: "There was no front associated with it [the storm] and it had a warm core, but the radius of maximum winds was more than 150 nautical miles [175 mi, 280 km], so under the standard NHC criteria it didn’t qualify as a tropical storm." On December 23 and 24, the nor'easter intensified to attain a barometric pressure of 970|mb. Another low pressure system that developed behind the storm became stronger, and grew to be larger in size than the original storm. Due to the Fujiwhara effect, the large circulation of the secondary low moved the original nor'easter towards the northwest. The nor'easter passed along the south shore of Long Island, and it made landfall near New York City on December 24. Later, it moved over southeastern New York State. On December 25, which is Christmas Day, the system began to lose strength as it moved towards Nova Scotia, before the pair of low pressure systems moved out to sea early on December 26.

Related pages
Storm
Weather
Christmas

References

1994 in New York (state)
1990s in Florida
Christmas
Disasters in the 1990s
Natural disasters in the United States
The Wear is a river in northeast England. It starts in Wearhead, County Durham and opens up into the North Sea at Sunderland.

Industrial past 
Much of the River Wear shows the history of the Industrial Revolution. Its upper end runs through lead mining country, until this gives way to coal seams of the Durham coalfield for the rest of its length. As a result of limestone quarrying, lead mining and coal mining, the Wear valley was amongst the first places to see the development of railways. The Weardale Railway continues to run occasional services between Stanhope and Wolsingham.

Geology 
The upland area of Upper Weardale has a flora which survives from the end of the last Ice Age. After the Ice Age, the Wear valley became thickly forested. During the Neolithic period and increasingly in the Bronze Age, the forests were progressively cleared for agriculture.

References 
 Natural Environment Research Council, Institute of Geological Sciences, 1971, "British Regional Geology: Northern England" Fourth Edition, HMSO, London.
 Johnson, G.A.L. & Hickling, G. (eds.), 1972, "Geology of Durham County", Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle upon Tyne, Vol.41, No.1.
 'Wear River', "Encyclopaedia Britannica", 17th Edition, 1990.

Rivers of England
North East England
The Tees is a river in England. It starts in Cross Fell (a mountain) in the Pennines, and opens up into the North Sea. It forms a border between North Yorkshire and County Durham and also between the towns of Hartlepool and Redcar. It is also 85 miles or 137 kilometres long. High force waterfalls is 7 feet high. The Pennines Way was opened in 1965.

Rivers of England
Rutland Boughton  (born Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire 23 January 1878; died London, 25 January, 1960) was an English composer.  He was well known in the early 20th century as a composer of opera and choral music. 

Boughton studied with Charles Villiers Stanford and Walford Davies.  He wrote many different kinds of music including symphonies, concertos, part-songs, songs, chamber music and opera.  His best known work was the opera The Immortal Hour. His carol Bethlehem (1915) became very popular in England and in many other countries.

He was a great admirer of the composer Richard Wagner who had built his own theatre, the Bayreuth Festspielhaus, in the German town of Bayreuth.  Boughton wanted to create an "English Bayreuth" at Glastonbury, so he started the series of Glastonbury Festivals that took place from 1914 until 1926. From 1927 until his death in 1960, he lived at Kilcot near Newent, Gloucestershire.

Other websites 
 The Rutland Boughton Music Trust

English composers
Romantic composers
1878 births
1960 deaths
The Bayreuth Festspielhaus (Bayreuth Festival Theatre) is an opera house in the town of Bayreuth, Germany. The German opera composer Richard Wagner got the opera house built so that his own music could be performed properly. He had lots of ideas about how opera should be performed, and he thought that there was no opera house in Germany that was good enough for performances of his operas. Today it is still the place where every year there is a festival, the Bayreuth Festival, which is dedicated only to the operas of Richard Wagner.

King Ludwig II of Bavaria was a great admirer of Richard Wagner and he gave a lot of money for the opera house to be built. Wagner watched the construction all the time and made sure that everything was built in the way he wanted. Work on the building started on 22 May 1872 (Wagner's birthday), and it was ready four years later when, for the first time, all four operas which make up the cycle called Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung), were performed.

The opera house is big enough for an audience of 1,925. One unusual thing is the orchestra pit, which is right under the stage, covered by a hood, so that the orchestra cannot be seen at all by the audience. Wagner wanted the audience to be able to concentrate properly on the action on the stage instead of being distracted by watching the orchestra. It makes it very difficult for the orchestra and the singers to be together, and conductors have to get used to the problem.

The Festspielhaus also has a double proscenium, which makes it look as if the stage is farther away than it actually is.

Bayreuth
Buildings and structures in Bavaria
Opera houses in Germany
Saving Abel is an American rock band. It formed in 2004 in Mississippi. Saving Abel makes records for Virgin Records. The band made a studio album in 2006 called Saving Abel and released a later self-titled album (Saving Abel). The rock band is famous for two songs, Addicted and 18 Days.

Members
 Jared Weeks - lead vocals
 Jason Null - lead guitar, backing vocals
 Scott Bartlett - rhythm guitar, backing vocals
 Eric Taylor - bass guitar, backing vocals
 Mike McManus - drums

Discography

Albums
 Saving Abel (2008)
 Miss America (2010)
 Bringing Down the Giant (2012)

Singles
 2008 - Addicted (from the album Saving Abel)
 2008 - 18 Days (from the album Saving Abel)

Other websites

Official website
Official myspace

American hard rock bands
American rock bands
Post-grunge bands
southern rock bands
Musical groups from Mississippi
Carl Reinecke (born Altona, Hamburg 23 June 1824; died Leipzig, 10 March 1910) was a Danish-born composer, conductor, and pianist.

Reinecke was born near Hamburg, which was part of Denmark at the time. Carl learned music from his father. He was soon playing the piano in public and was composing by the age of twelve.

When he was 19 he travelled about giving concerts. He went as far east as Riga. In 1846 he became Court Pianist for King Christian VIII in Copenhagen. He stayed there until 1848, composing four piano concertos as well as concertos for violin, cello, harp and flute. He continued to travel, including to Leipzig where he met Schumann, Mendelssohn and Liszt. 

In 1851 he became a professor at the Cologne Conservatory. Later he had conducting jobs in Barmen and Breslau.

In 1860, Reinecke was made director of the famous Gewandhaus Orchestra concerts in Leipzig, and professor of composition and piano at the Conservatorium. He became director of the Conservatorium and made it one of the best in Europe. He conducted the Gewandhaus Orchestra for 35 years and raised the standard of their playing. He conducted many first performances, including the first complete performance of Brahms's German Requiem (1869).

Perhaps his best-known piece is the flute sonata "Undine". He taught many famous musicians, including Edvard Grieg, Christian Sinding, Leoš Janáček, Isaac Albéniz, Johan Svendsen, Felix Weingartner and Max Bruch. 

At the age of 80, Reinecke recorded his playing on piano roll, making him the earliest-born pianist to have his playing recorded in any way.

He retired in 1902, but continued to compose until the end of his life. 

1824 births
1910 deaths
20th-century German composers
German conductors
Romantic composers
Grays is a town in Essex, England, UK.  It is sometimes called Grays Thurrock. 

The town is about 20 miles (32 km) to the east of London.  It is on the north bank of the River Thames, and near the M25 motorway.

References

Towns in Essex
Oban is a town in Argyll and Bute, Scotland, UK.

Towns in Argyll and Bute
The King of Fighters is a fighting game released by SNK for the Neo Geo arcade and home consoles. It is the first game of The King of Fighters series, done by the same company.

The game is a fictional crossover with many characters from SNK's previous fighting games, Fatal Fury and Art of Fighting. There are even modernized versions of their pre-Neo Geo games: Ikari Warriors and Psycho Soldier. There are also original characters in this series.

The game was  converted for Neo Geo AES and Neo Geo CD after the releases for Arcade. In 2004, to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the series, SNK released a remake titled The King of Fighters '94 Rebout, featuring the original game and a newer version with high definition graphics.

References 

1994 video games
Arcade games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation Vita games
Video game series
Virtual Console games
Fighting games
102 Dalmatians (known as 102 in Japan) is a 2000 live-action movie produced by The Walt Disney Company with Glenn Close acting as the protagonist, Cruella de Vil. It is a sequel to the 1996 movie 101 Dalmatians, which was a live-action remake of the 1961 Disney animated movie One Hundred and One Dalmatians. In the movie, Cruella de Vil attempts to steal puppies for her making a fur coat. Glenn Close and Tim McInnerny were the only actors from 101 Dalmatians to return for this sequel. The film was released on VHS and DVD on April 3, 2001, and re-released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on September 16, 2008.

The story 
After a spot of therapy Cruella De Vil is released from prison a changed woman. Devoted to dogs and good causes, she is delighted that Chloe, her parole officer, has a dalmatian family and connections with a dog charity. But the sound of Big Ben can reverse the treatment so it is only a matter of time before Ms De Vil is back to her incredibly ghastly ways, using her new-found connections with Chloe and friends.

Cast

Box office 
The movie did well at the box office, earning $66,957,026 in the US and $116,654,745 in other countries, bringing its total to $183,611,771 worldwide. This is less than the first movie which earned $320,689,294 worldwide.

Sets 
 The Oxford prison was used for the scene as Cruella walked out of prison. This motion picture was filmed partially in Paris.

Video game 
A video game based on the movie was released, with Frankie Muniz as the voice of Domino.

References

Other websites 
 Official website
 
 
 

2000 comedy movies
Disney movies
English-language movies
Sequel movies
101 Dalmatians
Movies about animals
American comedy movies
102 Dalmatians: Puppies to the Rescue is a video game based on the live-action Disney movie 102 Dalmatians. It was made for the Sony PlayStation.

Voice cast 
 Susan Blakeslee as Cruella de Vil
 Molly Marlette as Oddball
 Frankie Muniz as Domino
 Barbara Dirikson as Dottie
 Jeff Bennett as Dipstick and Jasper
 Eric Idle as Waddlesworth
 Nancy Cartwright as Fidget
 Eddie Izzard as Sgt. Tibs
 Tress MacNeille as Ivana
 Rob Paulsen as Fluffy
 Maurice LaMarche as Horace

Gameplay 
The game itself follows the movie's storyline closely. The player can choose the role of two of the dalmatians, Oddball or Domino, who are out on the town looking for treasure. It's not long before the player realizes that a toy found buried in a park was made at one of Cruella de Vil's toy factories; the fact that her toys are being buried rather than being played with is making mean Cruella very upset. Facing financial ruin from lack of sales, Cruella sets an evil plan in motion - to reprogram her toys to capture any Dalmatian puppies in sight. Soon enough, Domino and Oddball are out on their biggest adventure yet - to save their brothers and sisters. The player needs to save their brothers and sisters, collect 100 bones and stop Cruella's henchmen. Player's health can be increased by picking up food. The player fights Cruella a few times, then off to the Toy Factory where Cruella is waiting for them. The game includes several challenging levels, from the sewers to the circus. The player befriends many other characters that help them along the way. At times the player has to take a challenge to fight Cruella in certain levels as well as other enemies such as Jasper or Horace.

Levels 
 Regent's Park
-You find Jasper in this level.
 Toy Store
 Picadilly
-Horace is found in this level.
 Big Ben
1. Cruella I
-Defeat Cruella to unlock the mini game "Tilt Maze".
 Royal Museum
-Le Pelt will be found inside the Pyramid in the Egyptian exhibit.
 The Underground
 Carnival
-Jasper will be found here. When you find the dunk tank after talking to the turtle Shelby, he will appear.
 Lumber Mill
2. Cruella II
-Defeat Cruella to unlock the mini game "Checkers".
 Countryside
-Horace will show up near Stonehenge.
 Barnyard
 Ice Festival
-Jasper shows up for the 3rd time in this level.
 Medieval Castle
3. Cruella III
-Defeat Cruella and you will unlock the mini game "Ice Race".
 Spooky Forest
-Le Pelt shows up again in this level.
 Hedge Maze
 De Vil Mansion
-Horace appears in this level.
 Toy Factory
4. Cruella IV
-Defeat Cruella and you will win the game as well as unlocking the mini game "Jam Dance."

Cruella's Toys 
 Jack-in-the-Box: This toy is the very first toy you'll come across in the game (found in the first level). When they pop up, they say "Hello." Get too close to them and they'll say "I've got an idea" before lashing out at you.

References 

Game Boy Color games
PlayStation games
Dreamcast games
Video games based on movies
Cruella De Vil (obviously a play on cruel and devil) is the villain in the Dodie Smith book The Hundred and One Dalmatians who kidnaps (dognaps) the puppies for their fur.  She is described as having one half of her hair white and the other half black, an extreme fondness for pepper and a preference for elevated temperatures.

In the 1961 Disney animated movie her voice was played by Betty Lou Gerson. The movie featured a song about her sung by Roger whose lyrics begin:

Cruella De Vil, Cruella De Vil, If she doesn't scare you, no evil thing will.

Later, in the 1996 live-action remake, and its 2000 sequel, 102 Dalmatians, she was played by Glenn Close. Shortly afterward, Cruella was a regular viallian in 101 Dalmatians: The Series, where she was voiced by April Winchell. This time, though, she wanted to steal the Dearly Farm, seeing how killing animals for fashion was deemed politically incorrect. However, she returned to hunting dogs in House of Mouse (which features an ongoing joke in which she inspects dogs from other Disney movies with a measuring ruler) and 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure, both of which had Susanne Blakeslee as her voice.

Characters in written fiction
101 Dalmatians is a movie made by The Walt Disney Company in 1996. It is a remake of the 1961 animated movie One Hundred and One Dalmatians (which was based on Dodie Smith's 1956 novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians). The movie's main actor is Glenn Close as Cruella de Vil. Unlike in the earlier versions of the story, the dalmatians are played by real dalmatian actors, and none of the dalmatians talk. A sequel, 102 Dalmatians, was made in 2000 and was released in November. This movie is called simply 101 in Japan, like its sequel, which is called 102.

Cast 
 Glenn Close as Cruella de Vil
 Jeff Daniels as Roger Dearly
 Joely Richardson as Anita Campbell-Green-Dearly
 Joan Plowright as Nanny
 Hugh Laurie as Jasper
 Mark Williams as Horace
 John Shrapnel as Skinner

Release 
101 Dalmatians was released on VHS on April 15, 1997 and as a DVD on December 12, 2000. Because many people bought the DVD, Disney re-released the film on September 16, 2008 in the United States.

Box office 
The movie made lots of money when it was in movie theatres, earning $136,189,294 in the United States and $184,500,000 in other places, bringing its worldwide total to $320,689,294.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 

1996 comedy movies
1990s adventure movies
1990s American adventure movies
1990s American comedy movies
Disney movie remakes
English-language movies
101 Dalmatians
Movies about animals
Movies based on books
Movies composed by Michael Kamen