cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
George Clymer (March 16, 1739 – January 23, 1813) was an American politician, Founding Father, and slave owner.

Independence 
He was one of the first Patriots to advocate complete independence from Britain in the United States of America.

Pennsylvania Representative 
As a Pennsylvania representative, Clymer was, along with only five others, a signer of both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

Continental Congress 
George Clymer attended the Continental Congress and served in political office until the end of his life.

Legacy
 USS George Clymer (APA-27) was named in his honor.
 Clymer,Indiana County, Pennsylvania was named in his honor
 Clymer, Chautaqua County, New York was named in his honor
 George Clymer Elementary School, School District of Philadelphia.  This school has educated majority children of color following Clymer's legacy of rights for all people.

References 

1739 births
1813 deaths
Treasurers of the United States
Signers of the U.S. Declaration of Independence
Signers of the United States Constitution
Politicians from Pennsylvania
Slavers
Cotidianul is a Romanian newspaper. It is published from Monday to Saturday in Berliner format. It was started by Ion Raţiu. The first issue was published on May 10, 1991. 

Romania
Newspapers in Europe
Benjamin Harrison V (April 5, 1726– April 24, 1791) was an American revolutionary leader from Charles City County, Virginia. He was educated at the College of William and Mary. Harrison was a representative for Surry County, Virginia (1756-1758) and Charles City County (1766-1776) to the House of Burgesses. He was a Virginia delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777, signed the Declaration of Independence, and was Governor of Virginia from 1781 to 1784.

Other websites

 Biography by Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856
 

Archival Records
A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Thomas Nelson, Jr., 1781 June 12-November 22 at The Library of Virginia

1726 births
1791 deaths
Signers of the U.S. Declaration of Independence
William Henry Harrison
Governors of Virginia
The government of France is  a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French fifth Republic. The nation declares itself to be "an indivisible, secular, democratic, and social Republic" in it. The constitution provides for a separation of powers. It proclaims France's "attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty defined by the Declaration of 1789."
France has 3 branches of government.

Politics of France
The paramilitary forces of Pakistan consist of various organizations constitutionally charged to safeguard Pakistan's national interests. They protect from threats that could come from other countries, like from India over the border dispute of Kashmir. They also protect citizens from threats that could come from inside the country. These threats started in 1971. They are currently made up from more than 300,000 workers.

Some divisions of the force are now incorporated under other organisations. For example, the Northern Light Infantry was a paramilitary force until 1999, when it became part of the Pakistan Army.

Law enforcement agencies by country
Pakistan Coast Guard () (PCG), is responsible for the law at sea, maintenance of seamarks, border control, and other services. The Coast Guards work mainly on rivers and land, in contrast to the Navy who handle deep sea operations. The Coast Guards handle smugglers and terrorists and enforce law on beaches and other coastal areas. The PCG has a fleet of 23 small craft but the exact number of personnel assigned to the PCG remains a secret.

Pakistan
Coast guards
A minority or subordinate group is a group that does not make up most of the population of a society. For example:  minor group of religion, race, language, LGBT, and persons with disabilities. 

A minority is not always a minority of numbers — it may be any group that is not normal with respect to a leading group in terms of social status, education, employment, wealth, and political power, and can be an object of discrimination. For example, women may be considered a minority even if there are as many women as men because they have less power than men.

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by United Nations protects the right of minority group in Article 27 and Council of Europe also affirms protection for them.

Related pages
Discrimination
Declaration of Montreal
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Ethnic group
Minority rights

Human rights
Biggar may mean:

Places 

 Biggar, Cumbria, England
 Biggar, Saskatchewan, Canada
 Biggar, South Lanarkshire, Scotland

Electoral districts (Saskatchewan) 

 Biggar (electoral district), provincial electoral district since 2002
 Rosetown—Biggar, federal electoral district from 1935-68
 Saskatoon—Biggar, federal electoral district from 1968-78
 Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar, federal electoral district since 1997

People 
 Dan Biggar (born 1989), Welsh international rugby player
 James Lyons Biggar (1824–1879), Ontario merchant and political figure
 John Walter Scott Biggar, 1843 – , Ontario farmer and political figure
 Joseph Biggar (1828–1890), Irish politician
 Paula Biggar, Canadian politician
 Robert Biggar, - 1838, settler leader in the Battle of the Tugela, Natalia
 Sanford Dennis Biggar, mayor of Hamilton, Ontario
 William Hodgins Biggar, 1852 – , Ontario lawyer and political figure

Miscellaneous 
 Biggar Airport
 Biggar Museum Trust
 Biggar Railway Station (Grand Trunk Pacific)
 Biggar RFC
 Biggar Road
 Symington, Biggar and Broughton Railway
East Kilbride is a large suburban town in the South Lanarkshire council area of Scotland. It is Scotland's first new town, and lies on high ground on the south side of the Cathkin Braes, about  southeast of Glasgow city centre. The Rotten Calder river flows along the east side of the settlement, northwards toward the River Clyde. The town is also known as the Polo Mint city due to its many roundabouts.

Landmarks

Dollan Baths 
One of the most significant buildings of an earlier phase of development was Dollan Baths leisure complex (opened 1968) which has Grade A listed status.

Twin towns 
  Ballerup, Denmark

Notable people 
 William and John Hunter, medical pioneers, were born at Long Calderwood within the present-day area of East Kilbride.
 Lorraine Kelly, television presenter for GMTV was born in the town.
 Iain Harvie, guitarist with Scottish rock band Del Amitri, was an East Kilbride resident. His late father, John Harvie, was the popular headmaster of Claremont High School in East Kilbride in the 1980s and early 1990s.
 Actor John Hannah of Rebus and Four Weddings and a Funeral fame was a resident of East Kilbride, residing in the Murray area. He has recently caused debate in the area after commenting that it had "gone downhill" since he lived there .
 Scottish rock band The Jesus and Mary Chain was formed in the town.
 Muriel Gray, journalist and broadcaster, was born in the town.
 Chancery Stone, author of The DANNY Quadrilogy, was born in East Kilbride and lived in West Mains for the first 18 years of her life.
 Mikey, famous for his antics and passion for food in Calderglen High
 Roddy Frame, frontman of Scottish indie band Aztec Camera, was born in the town.

References 

Towns in South Lanarkshire
The WWF Hardcore Championship is a former championship for World Wrestling Federation. The first champion was crowned when the championship was awarded to Mankind by Vince McMahon. It was defended always in some sort of Hardcore match due to its name. When Crash Holly won the title however, he started what became known as the 24/7 rule. Which means the title was being defended at all times. Anyone could surprise the title holder and pin him to become the new champion anywhere, as long as a Referee was present. The last official champion was Rob Van Dam when he won the title from Tommy Dreamer to unify the title with the WWF Intercontinental Championship.

History

24/7 rules 

When Crash Holly  won the belt, he introduced the 24/7 rule which said the belt was to be defended at all times, as long as a referee was present. This allowed for many comic relief moments, such as the belt changing hands while the champion was asleep, and The Headbangers chasing Crash Holly around an amusement park in Brooklyn (Holly eventually escaped from a ball pit and ran from the building, still the champion).

Unification and retirement
	
The title was unified with the Intercontinental Championship on August 26, 2002, when Intercontinental Champion Rob Van Dam defeated Hardcore Champion Tommy Dreamer. This was one month after Van Dam defeated Jeff Hardy in a Ladder match to unify the Intercontinental and European Championships.

Other websites
 Official WWE Hardcore Championship history
 Solie.org WWF/WWE Hardcore Championship history

WWE
"Spoonman" is a song by the American grunge band Soundgarden, from their fourth studio album Superunknown, which was released in 1994. The song describes Artie the Spoonman, a real-life musician who makes music with spoons. He was also featured in the song's music video. "Spoonman" won the Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance at the 1995 Grammy Awards.

References

1994 songs
Grammy Award winning songs
Soundgarden
808s and Heartbreak is the fourth studio album by American rapper and producer Kanye West. It was released on November 24, 2008. Four singles were released from it. The first single was "Love Lockdown". The album is different to West's earlier albums; it is mainly an R&B instead of a hip hop album and its songs are sung instead of rapped.

Track listing

Personnel 
Credits for 808s & Heartbreak adapted from AllMusic.

 Kanye West – producer, executive producer, primary artist
 Kid Cudi – primary artist
 Lil Wayne – primary artist
 Mr. Hudson – primary artist
 Young Jeezy – primary artist
 Kevin Dorley – vocals
 Jim Gilstrap – vocals
 Phillip Ingram – vocals
 Glenn Jordan – vocals
 Kadockadee Kwire – vocals
 Jenny-Bea Englishman – vocals
 Tony Williams – backing vocals
 Olga Konopelsky – violins
 Emma Kummrow – violins
 Luca Mazzochi – violins
 Charles Parker – violins
 Igor Szwec – violins
 Gregory Teperman – violins
 Davis A. Barnett – viola
 Alexandra Leem – viola
 Jeff Bhasker – keyboards
 Vlado Meller – mastering
 Jeff Chestek – engineer

 Andrew Dawson – engineer
 Anthony Kilhoffer – engineer
 Rick Friedric – assistant engineer
 Montez Roberts – assistant engineer
 John Stahl – assistant engineer
 Alan Branch – marketing
 Chris Atlas – marketing
 Don-C – marketing
 Danny Clinch – marketing
 Willy Vanderperre – marketing
 Kris Yiengst – artwork
 Brian Donnelly – deluxe edition artwork
 Virgil Abloh – art direction
 Larry Gold – string Arrangements, string Conductor
 James J. Cooper III –  cello
 Jennie Lorenzo – cello
 Carol Corless – package production
 Miles Davis – bass
 Kyambo Joshua – executive producer
 Erik Madro – assistant
 Manny Marroquin – mixing
 Christian Plata – assistant
 J. Peter Robinson – package design

Charts

Certifications

References 

Kanye West albums
2008 albums
Electronica albums
Hip hop albums
Island Records albums
R&B albums
Watchmen is a Hugo Award-winning graphic novel. It was written by Alan Moore, illustrated by Dave Gibbons, and published by DC Comics from 1986–1987. In 2005, Time magazine listed Watchmen as one "the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to the present".

Story
Watchmen is set in an alternate history during the 1980s. The United States is about to enter a nuclear war with the Soviet Union. Earlier, superheroes helped the United States win the Vietnam War. Now, superheroes work for the government (Doctor Manhattan, The Comedian), are retired (Nite Owl, Adrian Veidt/Ozymandias, Silk Spectre), or work illegally (Rorschach).

After The Comedian is murdered, the other superheroes work together to figure out the killer's identity. In the beginning, Rorschach believes other superheroes are in danger and warns them. Soon after, Doctor Manhattan leaves Earth for Mars, creating more turmoil. Nite Owl starts to believe Rorschach. Together they discover Adrian Veidt has murdered The Comedian and framed Doctor Manhattan to protect his plan. Veidt says he wants to fake an alien invasion to avoid an atomic war.

By this time, Veidt's plan has already occurred. Many New York City residents have been killed. Doctor Manhattan kills Rorschach, the only superhero who wanted to reveal Veidt's secret. All living superheroes have now retired. The world is unified.

References

Comics
Hugo Award winning books
Belgium is made of 589 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten, French: communes, German: Gemeinde). These municipalities are grouped into ten provinces (five belonging to the Flemish Region with 308 municipalities, five to the Walloon Region with 262 municipalities), and the Brussels-Capital Region (with 19 municipalities).

Usually, municipalities are the smallest subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 people living there, they get divided into districts ().

Other websites 
Vereniging van Vlaamse Steden en Gemeenten– Association of Flemish Cities and Municipalities
Union des Villes et Communes de Wallonie– Union of Cities and Municipalities of Wallonia
AVCB-VSGB– Association of the City and Municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region
Mikhail Vasilyevich Nesterov () (, Ufa – 18 October 1942, Moscow) was a Russian painter. He was a very important painter for religious symbolism in Russian art. He studied under Pavel Tchistyakov at the Imperial Academy of Arts. Later, he felt attracted to  the group of artists known as the Peredvizhniki. His canvas The Vision of the Youth Bartholomew (1890–91) is often considered to mark the inauguration of the Russian Symbolist movement. This painting shows the conversion of Sergii Radonezhsky. From 1890 to 1910, Nesterov lived in Kiev and St Petersburg, working on frescoes in St. Vladimir's Cathedral and the Church on Spilt Blood, respectively. After 1910, he spent the rest of his life in Moscow, working in the Marfo-Mariinsky Convent. As a devout Orthodox Christian, he did not accept the Bolshevik Revolution but remained in Russia until his death, painting the portraits of Ivan Ilyin, Ivan Pavlov, Otto Schmidt, and Vera Mukhina, among others.

Other websites

Detailed biography (in Russian) 
Online Nesterov gallery (in English)

1862 births
1942 deaths
Russian Orthodox Christians
Russian painters
Manichaeism (in Modern Persian  Āyin e Māni) was one of the major Iranian Gnostic and dualist religions. Originally it came from Sassanid Persia. Most of the original writings of the founding prophet Mani (Syriac, , c. AD 210–276) have been lost, but many translations and fragmentary texts have survived. Manichaeism was big between the third and seventh centuries. At its height it was one of the most widespread religions in the world. Manichaean churches and scriptures existed as far east as China and as far west as the Roman Empire. Manichaeism appears to have died out before the sixteenth century in southern China.

The original six sacred books of Manichaeism were written in Syriac Aramaic. They were soon translated into other languages to help spread the religion.  As they spread to the east, the Manichaean writings passed through Middle Persian, Parthian, Sogdian, and ultimately Uyghur and Chinese translations.  As they spread to the west, they were translated into Greek, Coptic, and Latin. The spread and success of Manichaeism were seen as a threat to other religions, and it was widely persecuted in Christian, Zoroastrian, and later, Islamic areas.

Esotericism
The Ford Windstar was a minivan produced by Ford Motor Company from 1995 through 2003 in two generations.  

The Windstar was replaced by the Ford Freestar and Mercury Monterey in 2004.  

1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Windstar
The Ford Freestar was a minivan produced by Ford Motor Company from 2004 through 2007. Ford claimed it was "all-new", but it was just a modern version of the Ford Windstar minivan. The name changed because Ford wanted to start every car name with the letter "F". (Other cars named like this were the Ford Five Hundred and Ford Fusion.)  
 
The Freestar had room for seven people inside. It was front-wheel drive like the Ford Windstar and its sibling the Mercury Monterey. The Freestar and Monterey minivan had nearly the same platform as the Windstar.  
 
The Freestar and Monterey minivan didn't sell too well because people were buying SUV's instead. This caused them both to stop being produced. Ford made the Ford Flex in 2008 to replace the Freestar and Monterey minivan. The Flex had a new design which did not look like the Freestar or Monterey minivan any more.  

2000s automobiles
Freestar
Rigside is a small village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, about 5 miles from the town of Lanark, and less than a mile from Douglas Water. It lies on the A70 road to Ayr, and has approximately 800 inhabitants. Rigside used to be a mining village.

Towns in South Lanarkshire
Lesmahagow (Gaelic: Lios MoChuda) is a small town on the edge of moorland, near Lanark in the central belt of Scotland, and is also known as Abbey Green.

Towns in South Lanarkshire
Mary Douglas, DBE, FBA (25 March 1921 – 16 May 2007) was a British anthropologist, known for her writings on human culture and symbolism.

Works
The Lele of the Kasai (1963)
Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo (1966)
Pollution (1968)
Natural Symbols: Explorations in Cosmology (1970)
Implicit Meanings: Essays in Anthropology (1975)
 “Jokes” Rethinking Popular Culture: Contemporary Perspectives in Cultural Studies (1975); edited by Chandra Mukerji and Michael Schudson
The World of Goods (1979) with Baron Isherwood
Evans-Pritchard (1980)
Risk and Culture (1980) with Aaron Wildavsky
In the Active Voice (1982)
How Institutions Think (1986)
Missing persons: a critique of the social sciences (1988) with Steven Ney
Risk and Blame: Essays in Cultural Theory (1992)
In the Wilderness: The Doctrine of Defilement in the Book of Numbers (1993)
Thought styles: Critical essays on good taste (1996)
Leviticus as Literature (1999)
Constructive Drinking: Perspectives on Drink from Anthropology (2002)
Jacob's Tears: The Priestly Work of Reconciliation (2004)
Thinking in Circles (2007)

1921 births
2007 deaths
British writers
British anthropologists
Westhill is a town in Aberdeenshire, in the parish of Skene, directly west of Aberdeen. It is connected to the city by the A944 road.  It is also near Skene, and has a swimming pool, tennis courts, carnival and theme park.

References

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891–January 28, 1960) was an American folklorist and author during the time of the Harlem Renaissance, best known for the 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. Hurston was a Republican.

Bibliography
Color Struck (1925) in Opportunity Magazine
Sweat (1926)
How It Feels to Be Colored Me (1928)
Hoodoo in America (1931) in The Journal of American Folklore
The Gilded Six-Bits (1933)
Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934)
Mules and Men (1935)
Tell My Horse (1937)
Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937)
Moses, Man of the Mountain (1939)
Dust Tracks on a Road (1942)
Seraph on the Suwanee (1948)
I Love Myself When I Am Laughing...and Then Again When I Am Looking Mean and Impressive: A Zora Neale Hurston Reader (edited by Alice Walker; introduction by Mary Helen Washington) (1979)
Sanctified Church (1981)
Spunk: Selected Stories (1985)
Mule Bone: A Comedy of Negro Life (play, with Langston Hughes; edited with introductions by George Houston Bass and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and the complete story of the Mule bone controversy.) (1991)
The Complete Stories (introduction by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Sieglinde Lemke) (1995)
Barracoon (1999)

References

1891 births
1960 deaths
Writers from Alabama
American anthropologists
Ruth Landes (October 8, 1908, New York City – February 11, 1991, Ontario, Canada) was an American cultural anthropologist best known for studies on Brazilian candomblé cults and her published study on the topic, City of Women (1947). Landes is recognized by some as a pioneer in the study of race and gender relations.

Bibliography
Selected books
 Ojibwa Sociology (1937)
 The Ojibwa Woman (1938) 
 The City of Women (1947) 
 Culture in American Education: Anthropological Approaches to Minority and Dominant Groups in the Schools (1965)
 Latin Americans of the Southwest (1965)
 A cidade das mulheres (1967) (Portuguese translation of The City of Women.)
 The Mystic Lake Sioux: Sociology of the Mdewakantonwan Sioux (1968)
 Ojibwa Religion and the Midewiwin (1968)
 The Prairie Potawatomi: Tradition and Ritual in the Twentieth Century (1970)

References

 Cole, Sally. 2003. Ruth Landes: A Life in Anthropology. University of Nebraska.
 Register to the Papers of Ruth Schlossberg Landes , National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Scientists from New York
American anthropologists
People from New York City
Columbia University alumni
1908 births
1991 deaths
Inversnaid is a village on the east bank of Loch Lomond in Scotland, near the north end of the loch.  It has a pier and a hotel, and the West Highland Way passes through the village. A small passenger ferry runs from Inversnaid to Inveruglas on the opposite shore of the loch. To reach Inversnaid by road involves a lengthy overland route from Aberfoyle. It is also the title of a poem by Gerard Manley Hopkins.

References

Villages in Stirling council
Garhi Yasin is a town and taluka in the north of Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the second largest town in the Shikarpur District. It is also one of the four divisions of the districts. The town has a population of more than 14,000. Garhi Yasin is on the right bank of River Indus. The area has always been important as a part of the trade route through the Bolan Pass.

The town is named after its founder, Yasin Khan Pathan. Sindhi is the common language of the people in this region. The population of the town includes members of many different tribes. These tribes include the Pathan,mangi, Memon, Soomra, Shaikh, Syed, Mirani, Qazi, Bhutta, Abra, Channa, Lashari, Bhatti, Dinari, Mahar, Kakepota, Brohi and others. Beside a large number of Hindu, Punjabi and some Muhajirs (from India) also live in the town. The people live here without any discrimination of caste, color, language and religion.

History
Home to the to the politically prominent Kamario, Isani and Agha families, Garhi Yaseen has been one of the centres from which Shikarpur and Sindh have been ruled in recent history.

Education
The town has a secondary school, three high schools, several primary schools, a Mono Technique School and many vocational schools (in fields of study such as typing, Commercial and Computer).

Economy
The area has both an industrial and agricultural economy.

Agriculture
Much of the area is irrigated. Major productions of the area are rice, wheat and pulses. Other crops including maize, sugarcane, vegetables and fruits are also grown.

Industry
The town has a small market. Many different items are made in the town. These include handicrafts, metalware, furniture, bricks and pottery. Hand loom weaving of the area used to be very popular.

Geography
The area the town is on is mainly an alluvial plain (flood plain). The Sukkur Barrage, built in the 1920s and 1930s, cause much damage the land in this area. 

The climate is very hot and dry.

References 

Settlements in Sindh
Talukas of Sindh
A binturong (Arctictis binturong) is a large, rare mammal that lives in trees in the dense forests of southeast Asia. The binturong is also often called a bearcat because it looks like both a bear and a cat.

Description 
Binturongs have thick, black fur, a long, muscular tail, and long, stiff, white whiskers. They use their prehensile tail almost like another hand; young binturongs can even hang by their tail. Binturongs grow to be up to about 5 feet (1.5 m) long. Like other civets, the binturongs use scent marks to communicate with other binturongs. In captivity, binturongs live for about 30 years.

Diet 
Binturongs eat fruit and small animals that they find using their sense of smell to find food. They hunt for food at night - they are nocturnal.

Related pages
Mammal

References 

Viverrids
Georg Michael Telemann (born 20 April 1748 in Plön, died March 4, 1831 in Riga) was a German composer and theologian. He is mainly known for the Church music he wrote. His grandfather, Georg Philipp Telemann, is better known.

German composers
1748 births
1831 deaths
Hurricane John was the longest-lived tropical cyclone ever observed, tracking from the Eastern Pacific to the Western Pacific and crossing back to the Central Pacific for 31 days total.

The precursor to Hurricane John was a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on July 25th. It moved across the unfavorable Atlantic, and reached the Eastern Pacific on August 8th. It slowly organized, and became Tropical Depression 10-E on August 11th, 300 nautical miles south-southeast of Acapulco, Mexico. Conditions were not ideal for development, but it developed banding features and well-defined outflow, and managed to strengthen to become Tropical Storm John later that day.

A strong ridge of high pressure over the Northeastern Pacific Ocean forced John westward, where upper level shear kept John a tropical storm as its intensity fluctuated. The shear greatly lessened greatly on the 19th, and John became a hurricane on the 20th. Later that day, it became a major hurricane, and crossed into the Central Pacific shortly thereafter.

Hurricane John continued to strengthen, and reached a peak of 150 knots (175 mph winds) on the 23rd, passing 300 nautical miles south of Hawaii. John had posed a threat to the island days before, but the ridge of high pressure pushed John safely south of the island. The hurricane still caused heavy waves and rains, though. During these days, John's intensity was constantly checked by Air Force Reserve aircraft reconnaissance.

John turned more northerly, where it steadily weakened to a minimal hurricane on the 26th. Then, it crossed just north of Johnston Island, where it caused moderate damage. Conditions again favored strengthening, and John re-strengthened to a 135 mph Category 4 hurricane, but upper level shear again weakened it. John crossed the International Date Line, and became Typhoon John.

The system continued to weaken, becoming a tropical storm on the 31st and a tropical depression on the 2nd while drifting eastward. John looped back to the northwest, and gradually restrengthened. An upper trough pulled the storm to the northeast on the 7th, and re-entered the Central Pacific on the 8th. John became a hurricane again late on the 8th, and retained that intensity for another day. Upper level shear weakened the hurricane to a tropical storm on the 10th, and John became extratropical in the North Central Pacific about a thousand miles south of Unalaska Island. John dissipated later that day, after an unprecedented 31 days at sea.

East Pacific hurricanes
1994 in North America
20th century in Hawaii
Hurricane Paka (international designation: 9728, JTWC designation: 05C, PAGASA designation: Rubing, also known as  Typhoon Paka) was the last tropical cyclone in the 1997 Pacific hurricane and typhoon season, and was among the strongest Pacific typhoons in the month of December. Paka, which is the Hawaiian name for Pat, developed on November 28 from a trough well to the southwest of Hawaii. The storm tracked generally westward for much of its duration, and on December 7 it crossed into the western Pacific Ocean. Much of its track was characterized by fluctuations in intensity, and on December 10 the cyclone attained typhoon status as it crossed the Marshall Islands. On December 16, Paka struck Guam and Rota with winds of 230 km/h (145 mph), and it strengthened further to reach peak winds on December 18 over open waters. Subsequently, it underwent a steady weakening trend, and on December 23 Paka dissipated.

Typhoon Paka first impacted the Marshall Islands, where it dropped heavy rainfall and left $80 million in damage (1997 USD, $100 million 2007 USD). Later, it passed just north of Guam, where strong winds destroyed about 1,500 buildings and damaged 10,000 more; 5,000 people were left homeless, and the island experienced a complete power outage following the typhoon. Damage on the island totaled $500 million (1997 USD, $645 million 2007 USD), which warranted the retirement of its name. Paka also caused light damage in the Northern Marianas Islands, and overall the storm caused no reported deaths.

References

Retired tropical cyclone names
Pacific typhoons
Hurricane Linda of 1997 was the strongest hurricane ever Recorded in the east Pacific, until Hurricane Patricia in 2015 with continued winds of 160 knots and gusting to 190 knots, and a central pressure of 902 mbar. It was part of an abnormally active season for both the Eastern and Western Pacific Basins.

Since it was far from land, it did not cause much damage.

History
A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 24th. It moved across the unfavorable Atlantic without development. As it crossed Central America convection increased, and a poorly-defined center developed early on September 9th. Banding and convection increased, and it became a tropical depression that night, 400 nautical miles south of Manzanillo, Mexico.

Tropical Depression 14-E continued northwestward, and became a tropical storm on the 10th. Linda started to intensify more quickly, becoming a hurricane on the 11th 475 nautical miles south-southeast of the southern tip of Baja California. After 30 hours of rapidly intensifying, Linda reached her peak of 160 knots on the 12th, or around 185 M.P.H. winds. That is an increase of 95 knots, and a drop of 85 millibars. Linda moved directly over Socorro Island on the 12th as a Category 5 hurricane, but cooler waters weakened it greatly, dissipating it on the 17th.

Impact
Linda went over Soccoro Island, doing $3.2 million in damage.

In California, Linda was responsible for 8 deaths and $68 million in damage. Five people drowned in a jetty. Floods caused 3 deaths and mudslides destroyed millions of homes and caused $68 million in damage. The Southwest would get devastated again by Hurricane Nora weeks later.

Related pages
1997 Pacific hurricane season

Other websites

noaa.gov

Hurricanes in Mexico
1997 in California
Post-grunge is a music genre that is strongly influenced by grunge music, a genre that started in Seattle, Washington, United States in the mid-1980s. However, it makes it into a more melodic and radio-friendly sound. Not by a coincidence, it has become very popular on the radio.

Examples of post-grunge artists
Foo Fighters
Matchbox Twenty
Nickelback
Three Days Grace
Daughtry

References 

Music genres
Rock music
Ayutthaya was the old capital of Thailand. Its full name is ‘Phra-Na-Khon-Sri-A-Yud-Dha-Ya’. Some people call it ‘Ayudya’. This city was the capital for 417 years. It is the longest Thai capital. Ayudhaya is at the center of Thailand. It was built at the meeting of the rivers Chao Phraya, Pa Sak and Lopburi. It is like an island city.  This province is adjacent Lopburi, Angthong and Saraburi at the north, Pathumthani and Nonthaburi at the south, Sarhaburi at the east and Suphanburi at the west of Thailand.

References

Cities in Thailand
Nakhon Ratchasima Province () or Khorat or Korat, is the biggest province and the second most populated province of Thailand. Nakhon Ratchasima means ‘big province’. It is in the eastern part of Thailand. It is about 260 km from Bangkok. It has forests, walking, education, rivers, sight seeing, foods, ancient cultures and tradition. There are local handicrafts for sale.

Nakhon Ratchasima covers an area of about 20494 square kilometers with 25 districts:
 Pak Chong
 Sikhio
 Sung Noen
 Kham Thale So
 Dan Khun Thot
 Non Thai
 Non Sung
 Kham Sakaesaeng
 Phimai
 Khong
 Non Daeng
 Prathai
 Chum Phuang
 Bua Yai
 Kaeng Sanam Nang
 Ban Lueam
 Chakkarat
 Huai Thalaeng
 Pak Thong Chai
 Chok Chai
 Khon Buri
 Soeng Sang
 Nong Bun Mak
 Wang Nam Khiao
 Chaloem Phra Kiat

and six other small districts.

Border 
The borders of the province are in the north with Zuma, Chaiyabhum and Khon-Kan, in the south with Nakhon-Nayok and Prajean Buri, in the east with Buriram and in the west with Chaiyabhum and Saraburi.

Related pages

Nakhon Ratchasima shooting
Khorat

References 

Provinces of Thailand
The Garuda (Sanskrit: Garuḍa गरुड, eagle; Pāli Garuḷa) is a large bird or bird- that appears in both Hindu and Buddhist history.

Description 
Garuda with the head and wings of eagle and sometimes with the rest of his body like that of a man is called the king of birds and he is also the carrier of god Vishnu.

History 
Garuda is also known by another name Vainateya, son of Vinata and Sri Kashyapa prajapathi. Garuda is separately worshipped on the day of Garuda panchami, fifth day of lunar month after ashasa amavasya. His brother Anura(Arun) is the charioteer of God Suryanarayana.

Other websites 

Hindu mythology
Garuda may refer to:

Garuda, a divine bird in Hindu and Buddhist mythology
Garuda Indonesia, an airline
Garud Commando Force, an elite special forces unit of the Indian Air Force. 
The Garuda Valley (Kyunglung) south-west of Mount Kailash
Garuda Blend, a popular blend of coffee beans from Indonesia sold by Peet's Coffee
The Garuda 1 satellite

In fiction

 the comic book The Transmutation of Ike Garuda
 Ike Garuda, the comic book's titular character
Garuda (Chouseishin), the Ultra-Star God of the Fire Tribe in Chouseishin Gransazer.
 a summon and a server name on the popular MMORPG of Final Fantasy XI
 a fictional race of humanoid avians appearing in the novel Perdido Street Station by China Miéville (see Races of Bas-Lag)
Garuda (film), a Thai giant monster film made in 2004
 a flying mecha in Godzilla vs Mechagodzilla II
 a flying mecha in the anime Zegapain
 a masked professional wrestler, portrayed by Japanese Tomokazu Morita.
 the name of a fighter in the Street Fighter EX series of games
 a character in the manga series Genju no seiza by Matsuri Akino
 the name of the fictional Emmerian Air Force 28th Tactical Fighter Squadron in Ace Combat 6: Fires of Liberation
 The name of the character played by actor Vic Morrow (General Garuda) in the 1978 Sci-Fi film entitled Message from Space
Wazner, also Wazenez or Wadjenedj, was a Predynastic Egyptian king who ruled in the Nile Delta. He is mentioned in the Palermo Stone inscriptions among a small number of kings of Lower Egypt.

References

Predynastic Pharaohs
Ford Cortina was a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 1962 to 1982. It was named after the Italian ski resort of Cortina d’Ampezzo. From 1970 onwards, it was almost identical to Ford Taunus. It was a very popular and common car in the UK during its time. It was still selling well by the time the Sierra replaced it in 1982, but stocks of the Cortina continued for a while afterwards.

1960s automobiles
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
Cortina
Pakistan's principal natural resources are arable land and water. About 25% of Pakistan's total land area is under cultivation and is watered by one of the largest irrigation systems in the world. Agriculture accounts for about 23% of GDP and employs about 44% of the labor force. Pakistan is one of the world's largest producers and suppliers of the following according to the 2005 Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations and FAOSTAT given here with ranking:

 Chickpea (2nd)
 Apricot (4th)
 Cotton (4th)
 Sugarcane (4th) (National Juice of Pakistan)
 Milk (5th)
 Onion (5th)
 Date Palm (6th)
 Mango (7th) (National fruit of Pakistan)
 Tangerines, mandarin orange, clementine (8th)
 Rice (8th)
 Wheat (9th)
 Oranges (10th)

Pakistan ranks fifth in the Muslim world and twentieth worldwide in farm output. It is the world's fifth largest milk producer.
Agriculture is the back bone of Pakistan's economy. Agriculture has also been the main source of population growth in Pakistan.

References

Pakistan
Economy of Pakistan
Gwadar Bay is near the maritime border of Pakistan and Iran. The name is from Persian, Khalij-e Gavader or 'Gulf of Gwadar' on Arabian Sea. It is an inlet of the Arabian Sea indenting the sandy Makran coast at the Iran–Pakistan border. It is about 20 miles (32 km) long and 10 miles (16 km) wide. The Dashtiari River flows into it from the northwest, and the Dasht River from the northeast. The town of Gwadar, Pakistan, is on the Arabian Sea coast about 30 miles (48 km) east of Gwadar Bay.

Geography of Pakistan
Bays
Huntly () is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, formerly known as Milton of Strathbogie. It has a population 4,460   2004 and is the site of Huntly Castle. 

Huntly was the home town of the writer George MacDonald. Some of his novels, especially the Robert Falconer and Alec Forbes of Howglen play partly in Huntly, even if the name of the town is changed. So they give a rather good introduction to the life in Huntly in the 19th century. 

The local football team is Huntly F.C..

Other websites 
 Huntly website.
 Huntly at Undiscovered Scotland

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Ellon is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, approximately 16 miles north of Aberdeen, lying on the River Ythan (pronounced eye-than) which has one of the few undeveloped river estuaries on the eastern coast of Scotland. It is in the ancient region of Formartine.

Famous people from Ellon
 Paul Sturrock, footballer
 Teddy Scott, footballer, coach and kit man for Aberdeen
 Evelyn Glennie, percussionist

References

Other websites 
 Ellon Tourism Group website
 Ellon AAC Website
 Ellon Academy website
 Ellon Webcam, local picture galleries and historic info

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Fraserburgh (Scots: The Broch) (Scottish Gaelic: A' Bhruaich) is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland with a population recorded in the 2001 Census at 12,454. It lies at the northeast corner of Aberdeenshire, around  north of Aberdeen, and  north of Peterhead. It is the largest shellfish port in Europe and a major white fish port and busy commercial harbour.

Politics 
 UK Constituency: Banff and Buchan — Alex Salmond, SNP, (1987–), Party leader (1990–2000, 2004–), First Minister of Scotland (2007-)
 Scottish Parliament Constituency: Banff and Buchan — Stewart Stevenson, SNP, (2001–) Minister for Transport, Infrastructure and Climate Change (2007-)
 Aberdeenshire Council Ward: Fraserburgh and District - 3 SNP councillors and 1 independent councillor.

Sports 
Fraserburgh golf club is the fifth oldest club in Scotland and seventh oldest in the world. It has both an 18 hole and a 9 hole course, and a modern clubhouse.

Fraserburgh Football Club is a senior football club that plays in the Highland League. Fraserburgh United FC is a junior football club that plays in the Scottish Junior Football North Premier League (also known as the North Superleague).

Notable people
 George Bruce (1909-2002): Poet of the Scottish literary renaissance
 Bill Gibb (1943-): born in Fraserburgh; became international fashion designer
 Steve Fairnie (1951-1993) : Fraserburgh born musician, painter, sculptor, actor, board game designer, chicken hypnotist, frontman of the post-punk band Writz and half of the Techno Twins.
 Thomas Blake Glover (1838–1911): born in Fraserburgh, where his father worked for the coastguard, moved to Japan and founded Mitsubishi Company.  Known as the Scottish Samuri. He has a local chip shop named after him.
 Robertson Macaulay (1833-1915): one time president of Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada).
 Dennis Nilsen (1945–): Serial killer; born at Academy Road, Fraserburgh.
 James Ramsay (1733–89): born in Fraserburgh; anti-slavery campaigner.
 Sir George Strahan (1838–87): born in Fraserburgh; British colonial governor.
 Joseph Watt (1887-1955): Gardenstown born; recipient of the Victoria Cross 15th May, 1917
 Stan Williams (1940-): Liverpool born but lived in Fraserburgh since 1975; author of 'PENNY LANE is in My Ears and in My Eyes' about growing up with The Beatles

Twin Town
Bressuire, France

Other websites
 Fraserburgh: Scotland's Leading Light
 Fraserburgh Heritage Centre 
 Banff and Buchan College 
 Cairness House
 Buchan hillwalking club 
 Web Historian's pages on the fishing villages of the North East

References

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Port cities and towns of the North Sea
Port cities and towns of Scotland
Stonehaven (Steenhive in the Doric dialect of Scots) and Cala na Creige in Gaelic is a town with around fourteen thousand inhabitants (9,577 in the 2001 census) on the northeast coast of Scotland. It is the county town of the historic county of Kincardineshire or The Mearns and the present day county of Aberdeenshire. It grew around an Iron Age fishing village, now the "Auld Toon" ("old town"), and expanded inland from the Seaside.  As late as the 16th century, old maps indicate the town was called Stonehyve or Stonehive.

Famous People 
Stonehaven was the birthplace of Robert William Thomson, inventor of the pneumatic tyre and the fountain pen, of journalist James Murdoch and Lord Reith of Stonehaven, first Director-General of the BBC.

Stonehaven was a holiday retreat of the poet, Robert Burns.

The novelist Lewis Grassic Gibbon (James Leslie Mitchell) attended school at what was the old Mackie Academy (now Arduthie Primary). Mackie Academy now serves over 1000 pupils and they study his work.

Famous historical visitors include William Wallace and Mary Queen of Scots.

References

Other websites 

Undiscovered Scotland Dunnottar Castle
Stonehaven Online Directory 

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Port cities and towns of the North Sea
Port cities and towns of Scotland
Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (; born 6 March 1937), is a Soviet retired cosmonaut. 

She was the first woman to fly in space, aboard Vostok 6 (one of Vostok rocket) on 16 June 1963. She and four others were chosen out of more than 400 other women to fly in space.

References

1937 births
Living people
Cosmonauts
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
John Herbert Dillinger (June 22, 1903 – July 22, 1934) was an American bank robber in the American Midwest.

Early years

Dillinger was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He grew up in Mooresville, Indiana. His first robbery occurred in Mooresville in 1924. He went to prison until 1933. Later, he helped some convicts escape, and formed a gang of robbers with them.

Criminal career

In 1934, Dillinger was accused of killing a policeman. He was transported from Arizona to Indiana. He escaped from jail. His flight across state lines in a stolen vehicle made him a fugitive from the FBI. He formed a gang and robbed banks. He had several gun battles with the men of the FBI. By the middle of 1934, he had robbed 10 banks in four midwestern states.

Death 

 
Dillinger was hiding in Chicago, Illinois, when he was betrayed by the madame of a brothel named Anna Sage. She accompanied him to the Biograph Theater wearing a red dress. This was done so the police could easily see her. Dillinger was gunned down by the FBI as he left the movie theater. Dillinger had chosen to see the Clark Gable gangster movie, Manhattan Melodrama. Anna Sage became known as "The Lady in Red".

Film depictions 
 Humphrey Bogart's played the gang leader Duke Mantee in The Petrified Forest, {1936} a character based on Dillinger.
 Lawrence Tierney starred in the first film dramatization of Dillinger's career; Dillinger (1945).
 In a parody of Dillinger's escape with a phony gun, Woody Allen tries the same stunt [and fails} in his 1971 movie, Take the Money and Run.
 Warren Oates's 1973's  Dillinger.  Another  dramatization version of the Dillinger gang comparable to the 1969 movie  "Bonnie and Clyde"
 A TV movie Dillinger was released in 1991, starring Mark Harmon.
 Director Michael Mann's 2009 film Public Enemies, is an adaptation of Bryan Burrough's book Public Enemies: America's Greatest Crime Wave and the Birth of the FBI, 1933-43 and features Johnny Depp as John Dillinger and Christian Bale as FBI agent Melvin Purvis.

References

1903 births
1934 deaths
American criminals
Criminals from Chicago
Criminals from Indiana
People shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States
SEAT Ibiza is a car produced by SEAT since 1984. It is currently in its Fifth Generation. The first generation appeared in 1984 while the second generation was the first based on the Volkswagen Polo and arrived in 1993 while it got a facelift in both 1996 and 1999. It entered its third generation in 2002 while the fourth generation appeared in 2008. The current fifth generation arrived in 2017 which is now 5-door only and there's also a small crossover model based on it called the Arona. The restyled version of the fifth generation of the Ibiza is presented in April 2021.

Ibiza
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Commedia dell'arte is a form of improvisational theatre that began in Italy in the 16th century. It continued to be popular during the 17th century and is still popular today.

The title is difficult to translate. A close translation is “comedy of craft”. This is shortened from commedia dell’arte all’improvviso, or “comedy of improvisation”.

The plays of Commedia dell'arte were often performed by a small group of actors who traveled around and performed in town squares. The actors would pass a hat around for people to put money in.

The earliest known company was in Padua in 1545. By the turn of the seventeenth century there were several troupes (group of actors) such as the Gelosi, Confidenti, and Fedeli. Some troupes were popular at foreign courts, especially in France, where images from the commedia became a favorite theme of well-known artists.

The actors often wore masks. The stories were often about people being cunning. Hunger, love and money were important in the stories. There were several characters who often appeared in lots of the stories. These are called "stock characters". Examples of stock characters from Commedia dell'arte are: Harlequin, Pantalone, Arlecchino, Colombina, Pulcinella, Pierrot, Scaramuccia.

Commedia dell'arte had a lot of influence on theatre plays in many countries. Punch and Judy shows, popular with children in Britain and other countries, are similar to Commedia dell'arte. They also have stock characters: Punch, Judy, the crocodile, the policeman etc.

Theatrical forms
Boddam is a coastal village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is  north of Aberdeen and  south of Peterhead. Sea cliffs rise to , south of the village: a coastal path leads along these to the Bullers of Buchan.

The adjoining settlement, on the Aberdeen to Peterhead road, was for many years known simply as Stirling: in 2004, it was renamed Stirling Village, to avoid confusion with the newly granted city of Stirling.

References

Other websites
 - Boddam Community Website
 - Buchan Ness Lighthouse (Northern Lighthouse Board website) 
 - Official Tourist Web Site
 - Peterhead Area Business Directory 

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Banff (Gaelic Banbh) and Macduff (Gaelic MacDhuibh) are neighbouring towns on Banff Bay, both of which are former burghs in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Until 1975 Banff was the county town of Banffshire.

Sport
Banff and surrounding areas have a local football team, Deveronvale F.C. and a rugby team, Banff RFC.
Duff House Royal Golf course is bordered by the River Deveron and Duff House.Some interesting holes which can be difficult depending on the wind.
Macduff also has a golf course known as Royal Tarlair. Built on land which ends on precipitous cliffs, lost balls really are lost.

Etymology
The name "Banff" is uncertain but may be derived from the Scottish Gaelic Banbh or Banbha, a sow, buinne, a stream, or a contraction of Bean-naomh, the holy woman (as is reflected in the town's coat-of-arms). Currently, the languages spoken in the town and in its vicinity tend to be the Doric dialect of Scots, and English.

Notable residents
 Sandi Thom
 Colin Newton
 Alex Salmond
 Richard Gordon

References

Other websites
 COAST festival
 On Flikr photos of 600th Anniversary Celebrations
 On Flikr photos of BB's Festival of Britain 1951
 On Flikr photos of 1 Photos of Banff, Macduff and Surrounding Area

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Banchory (Scottish Gaelic: Beannchar, 'blessed place') is a burgh or town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, lying approximately 18 miles west of Aberdeen, near where the Feugh River meets the River Dee.

Other websites 
 Banchory Air Training Corps 
 Rotary Club of Banchory-Ternan
 Visit Banchory - Gateway to Royal Deeside
 Banchory Community Website
 Official Burnett Worldwide Website
 Banchory Ternan East Parish Church

References 

Towns in Aberdeenshire