cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Crystals are a New York City based musical group. They were one of the defining acts during the girl group era of the 1960s.

They formed in 1961 with five girls: Barbara Alston, Mary Thomas, Dolores "Dee Dee" Kenniebrew, Myrna Giraud and Patricia "Patsy" Wright. The group were later joined by Darlene Love for a short time. Dee Dee Kenniebrew still performs in the group, now a trio.

Their 1961–1964 chart hits, included "There's No Other (Like My Baby)", "Uptown", "He's Sure the Boy I Love", "He's a Rebel", "Da Doo Ron Ron (When He Walked Me Home)" and "Then He Kissed Me". Phil Spector was their producer from 1962.

One of their numbers in 1962, by Carole King and Gerry Goffin, was "He Hit Me (and It Felt Like a Kiss)". It was based on their babysitter's account. It was withdrawn after complaints to radio stations over the lyrics.

The recordings had three successive female lead singers, and were all produced by Phil Spector. The latter three songs were originally ranked #267, #114, and #493 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. However, two songs were dropped from the magazine's 2010 update.

Discography

Studio albums 
 Twist Uptown (1962)
 He's a Rebel (1963)

Combilations 
 The Crystals Sing the Greatest Hits, Volume 1 (1963)
 The Best of the Crystals (1992)
 Da Doo Ron Ron: The Very Best of the Crystals (2011)

Singles 
 "There's No Other (Like My Baby)" / "Oh Yeah, Maybe Baby"  (1961)
 "Uptown" / "What a Nice Way to Turn Seventeen" (1962)
 "He Hit Me (and It Felt like a Kiss)" / "No One Ever Tells You" (1962)
 "He's a Rebel" /  "I Love You Eddie" (1962)
 "He's Sure the Boy I Love" /  "Walkin' Along (La La La)" (1962)
 "(Let's Dance) The Screw - Part 1" / "(Let's Dance) The Screw - Part 2" (1963)
 "Da Doo Ron Ron (When He Walked Me Home)" / "Git' It" (1963)
 "Then He Kissed Me" / "Brother Julius" (1963)
 "I Wonder" / "Little Boy" (1964)
 "Little Boy" / "Harry (From West Virginia) and Milt" (1964)
 "All Grown Up" / "Irving (Jaggered Sixteenths)" (1964)
 "You Can't Tie a Good Girl Down" / "My Place" (1965)
 "I Got a Man" / "Are You Trying to Get Rid of Me" (1966)
 "Ring-A-Ting-A-Ling" / "Should I Keep On Waiting" (1967)

References 

1961 establishments in New York (state)
African-American musical groups
American girl groups
American pop music groups
American R&B bands
Musical groups established in 1961
Musical groups from New York City
1967 disestablishments
1960s disestablishments in New York (state)
Musical groups established in 1971
1971 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in New York (state)
Amanda Blank (born Amanda Mallory on October 5, 1982) is an American singer. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She is the lead singer of the band Sweatheart.

References

Other websites 
 Biography

Rap musicians from Pennsylvania
Living people
1982 births
Singers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Defense of the Ancients (often called DotA) is an unofficial map of the game Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos and the expansion pack Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne. It is not officially supported by Blizzard Entertainment. This is a team strategy game that is intended mainly for teams of three against three or five against five. More rarely, it is played by teams of two or one on one.

Since its original release, DotA has become a feature at several worldwide tournaments, including Blizzard Entertainment's BlizzCon and the Asian World Cyber Games, as well as the Cyberathlete Amateur and CyberEvolution leagues; Gamasutra declared that DotA was perhaps the most popular "free, non-supported game mod in the world". Valve Corporation developed the sequel, Dota 2.

Gameplay 
The main task of the players is to enter the enemy team's base, and destroy the main building called "Ancient". Every 30 seconds the main buildings spawn minions that automatically go and attack all enemy units in their way. With their help you can push the enemy base and kill enemy heroes faster. Towers and other structures protect this building. Players must destroy these first because until then, the main building is unable to be destroyed. The team who destroys the opposing team's building automatically wins. The player controls a hero with whom they advance to the opponent's base. Your hero becomes more powerful with time, you must gather experience and gold because then you are abbe to buy powerful items. The forces of both sides are the same, except for differences in the ability of players. You can choose from over hundred different characters with different abilities. Heroes are divided to a several classes 
 Tanks ( Heavy armored heroes with good hit points gain per level )
 Nukers ( Heroes with spells that dealt massive damage )
 Carries ( Heroes who are very good damage dealers in late game )
 Supports ( Heroes that can support another heroes with spells like healing )

The map is balanced and axially symmetrical.

References 

Blizzard Entertainment
Real-time strategy video games
Gregory Anthony Halman (August 26, 1987 – November 21, 2011) was a Dutch professional baseball outfielder. He played with the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball during the 2010 and 2011 seasons. He also played internationally with the Dutch national team, playing in the 2009 World Baseball Classic.

Death 
Halman was killed in a stabbing on November 21, 2011 in Rotterdam. His brother Jason Halman was held by police after the incident.

References 

1987 births
2011 deaths
Dutch murder victims
Murders by blade weapons
People from Haarlem
People murdered in the Netherlands
Seattle Mariners players
Sportspeople from North Holland
Náchod is a town with about 20 thousand people. It is in the northeastern part of the Hradec Králové Region in Czech Republic. It is situated on the river Metuje. The whole region is full of natural beauty, historical monuments and cultural places.

History

Náchod was founded in the middle of 13th century by a knight Hron. He built a castle there because it was a good strategic place because of local trade road to Poland. The first written note goes back to 1254.

The most famous sight in Náchod is its castle. It was built in the 13th century and during centuries was rebuilt several times in final Renaissance style. Around the castle are the Piccolomini garden, the English park and bears called Ludvík and Dáša who live in a castle's moat. The castle has been an important cultural centre since the end of the 18th century. 

Náchod is the birthplace of many well-known people. There were born for example an architect Jan Letzel, an actress Libuše Skořepová called Luba Skořepová, a writer, translator and publisher Josef Škvorecký, a writer Václav Erben who become famous for his detective stories with captain Exner, a diver Martin Štěpánek and a moderator Richard Samko.

Sights

In addition to the castle, there are other interesting places to visit.
 a square with St. Laurence's church and hotel and theatre Beránek
 the old city hall
 the new city hall
 the city museum

About 4 kilometres away is the stronghold Dobrošov which was one of the most important defences of Czechoslovakian fortification.

Industry

In past, there was a lot of cotton industry. Nowadays there are only a few factories - the rubber factory Rubena and factories producing electric motors Ametek and Atas.

Náchod town has a brewery which makes Primátor brand. The brewery was built in 1872. It got several prizes in last 10 years. However, the brewery was sold on 23 February 2009.

Towns in the Czech Republic
Michael Steven Bublé  (born September 9, 1975) is a Canadian-Italian singer, songwriter and actor. He has won four Grammy Awards and multiple Juno Awards. His first album reached the top ten in the United Kingdom and in Canada. His 2005 album, It's Time, and his 2007 album, Call Me Irresponsible, were very successful around the world, reaching number one on the Canadian album chart, the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, the Australian ARIA Albums Chart, and the European charts. Bublé has sold thirty million albums worldwide.

Early life
Bublé was born in Burnaby, British Columbia in September 1975. His father is Lewis Bublé, a salmon fisherman. His mother is Amber (née Santagà).

From his earliest years, Bublé wanted to be a singer. He took an interest in jazz about the age of five.

As a boy, he had a great interest in hockey. He shared his interest with his father and grandfather. He played hockey but realized he was not good enough to be a professional player.

At the age of 14, he began working with his father on a fishing boat. Sometimes they would be away from home two or three months at a time. Bublé credits the hard work on the boat with making him a man.

At age 16, Bublé began singing in nightclubs. He credits his Italian maternal grandfather with these opportunities. His grandfather traded his ability as a plumber for the chance to have his grandson appear on stage.

Personal life 
Bublé became an Italian citizen in 2005. He has been married to Argentine actress Luisana Lopilato since 2011.  They have three children (two sons and a daughter).

In 2016, his eldest son, Noah, was diagnosed with cancer but was in remission two years later.

Discography
Studio albums
 Michael Bublé (2003)
 It's Time (2005)
 Call Me Irresponsible (2007)
 Crazy Love (2009)
 Christmas (2011)
 To Be Loved (2013)
❤ (2018)

Independent albums
 First Dance (1996)
 Babalu (2001)
 Dream (2002)

Live albums
 Come Fly with Me (2004)
 Caught in the Act (2005)
 Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden (2009)

Tours
 Michael Bublé: Live in Concert (2004)
 It's Time Tour (2005–06)
 Irresponsible Tour (2007–08)
 Crazy Love Tour (2010–12)

Filmography
 2000: Duets
 2001: Totally Blonde
 2003: The Snow Walker
 2004: Las Vegas – Catch of the Day

Awards and nominations

Other websites 
 Official Michael Bublé site

References

1975 births
Living people
Canadian pop musicians
Canadian singers
Jazz musicians
Jazz singers
Musicians from British Columbia
People from Burnaby
is a prefecture in the Kyūshū region of Japan on the island of Kyūshū.  The capital city is Ōita. Ōita is well known in Japan for its many hot springs.

History 
In the 6th century, one of the regions of Kyushu was divided into  Bungo Province and Buzen Province.

After the Meiji Restoration, districts from Bungo and  Buzen provinces were combined to form Ōita Prefecture.

Timeline
 1184 (Juei 3):  Usa Shrine was destroyed by fire in Gempei War.
 November 19, 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month): Battle of Bun'ei
 August 15, 1281 (Kōan 4, 30th day of the 7th month): Battle of Kōan
 2002 (Heisei 15): FIFA World Cup in Ōita

Geography 
Ōita Prefecture is on the north-eastern section of the island of Kyūshū.

Ōita is faces the Suo Channel and Honshū Island to the north.  The prefecture looks towards the Iyo Channel and Shikoku Island to the east.  It is bordered by Miyazaki Prefecture to the south. Fukuoka Prefecture and Kumamoto Prefecture are to the west.

Cities

Towns and villages
Hayami District:
Hiji
Higashikunisaki District:
Himeshima
Kusu District:
Kokonoe
Kusu

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 28% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
Sasamuta-jinja, Usa-jinjū and Yusuhara Hachiman-gū are the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Fukiji Temple has the oldest wooden structure in Kyushu.

The Usuki Buddhas include 60+ cliff carvings from Heian period.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Oita Trinita

References

Other websites 

http://www.pref.oita.jp/english/index.html , 
O-net Magazine 
Oita International Wheelchair Marathon Site
Ahmed Rushdi, (; April 24, 1934 – April 11, 1983) was a legendary Pakistani playback singer. He was "an important contributor to the Golden age of Pakistani movie music." Rushdi is acclaimed as one of the greatest singers ever lived in south Asia. He is considered to be one of the most famous and versatile singers of the subcontinent. He is also considered to be the first regular pop singer of south Asia. and credited as having sung the "first-ever South asian" pop song. In 1954, he recorded the official National anthem of Pakistan with several other singers. Rushdi has recorded the highest number of movie songs in the history of Pakistani cinema in many languages. He suffered from poor health during the latter part of his life and died of a heart attack at the age of 48, after recording approximately five thousand movie songs for 583 released movies. Besides popular music, Rushdi also helped popularize the ghazals of Naseer Turabi. In 2003, 20 years after his death, Pakistani president Pervez Musharraf awarded him the Sitara-e-Imtiaz.

Popularity
Many of his contemporaries compared his music with that of classically trained singers, although Rushdi never had any influences from any classical singer. He is famously known as Magician of voice and his popularity also turned traditional classical singers against him but did not affect his fame and his death is termed as irreparable loss to the industry. Actor Waheed Murad declared Rushdi's song, "Bhooli hui hoon daastan", his favorite song. Music directors like M.Ashraf and Nisar Bazmi also hold centaury partnerships with Ahmed Rushdi and they have composed hundreds of songs for him. According to complete songography, M.Ashraf composed 734 songs in 211 movies for Rushdi but available figures indicate a composition of 132 songs in 100 movies for him. The first movie of this pair was Speran in 1961 and the last was Hero in 1983. Ahmed Rushdi influenced many singers in music industry.

Death
Since 1976, Ahmed Rushdi was a heart patient and his doctors advised him to abstain from singing but Rushdi refused by saying that music was his life. When he had a second heart attack in 1981, he was composing a musical album in the voice of singer Mujeeb Aalam. On the night of April 11, 1983, he had a third heart attack. He was immediately taken to the hospital but pronounced dead by the doctors. He was 48. Rushdi was buried at Sakhi Hassan Graveyard, Karachi. His last non movie song was "Aaney walo suno" which was a duet with Mehnaz.

Awards 
Nigar Awards
 1961 - Best Male Playback Singer for the song "Chand Sa Mukhra Gora Badan" in movie Saperan
 1962 - Best Male Playback Singer for the song "Gol Gappey Wala" in movie Mehtaab
 1963 - Best Male Playback Singer for the song "Kisi Chaman Mei Raho" in movie Anchal
 1966 - Best Male Playback Singer for the song "Akeley Na Jana" in movie Armaan
 1970 - Best Male Playback Singer for the song "Aey Abr-e-Karam" in movie Naseeb Apna Apna
 2004 - Life Time Achievement Award

References

1934 births
1983 deaths
Pakistani singers
Floorball is an indoor team sport similar to hockey. Floorball is usually played in gyms with little plastic balls and special hockey sticks. In floorball, there are basically five players with sticks and a goalkeeper without any special equipment. The goalkeeper has only special jersey and helmet. Floorball is very popular today.

Floorball was invented in the USA, but has been most popular in Sweden since the 1970s. Its popularity quickly spread to Finland and Switzerland, but with different rules. For example, in Switzerland a goalkeeper was allowed to use a stick.  In 1986, the International Floorball Federation (IFF) was founded and rules became the same.

Floorball is played in a gym on an area of 40x20 meters bordered by boards 50 centimetres high. The formations are very similar to ice hockey. Both teams play with 3 attackers, 2 defenders and a goalkeeper. They can relieve whenever they want. Floorball is usually played 3x20 minutes with 15 minutes breaks. This is only for men and women. In juniors matches the time is different. Floorball is a contact sport so players can play with their body, but it has limits. The goalkeeper is not allowed to use a stick, but he can handle the ball with his body. The field players cannot hit the ball with their hands or head and they cannot jump. The goalkeeper can hit the ball with every part of his body and he can hold it for 3 seconds. In floorball, a player can be excluded for 2 minutes when he breaks the rules.

The currently strongest leagues are located in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Switzerland and the Czech Republic.

IFF organises world championships in floorball. Every year they are in a different country and it's also alternating between the mens and the womens tournament.

Other websites

Team sports
The Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The President of Azerbaijan chooses the Prime Minister. The office of President has more powers than the office of Prime Minister. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.

List of Heads of Government of Azerbaijan (1918-Present)

Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918-1920)

Prime Ministers
 Fath Ali Khan Khoyski (28 May 1918 - 14 April 1919)
 Nasib Yusifbeyli (14 April 1919 - 1 April 1920)

Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (1922-1936) and Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1936-1991)

Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
 Nariman Narimanov (May 1921 - April 1922)  
 Gazanfar Musabekov (April 1922 - October 1928)
 Dadash Bunyadzade (October 1928 - February 1932)
 Mir Jafar Baghirov (February 1932 - December 1933)
 Huseyn Rahmanov (December 1933 - June 1937)
 Teymur Guliyev (June 1937 - 15 March 1946)

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
 Teymur Guliyev (15 March 1946 - April 1953) (1st time)
 Mir Jafar Baghirov (April - 7 July 1953)
 Teymur Guliyev (July 1953 - 1 March 1954) (2nd time)
 Sadykh Rahimov (1 March 1954 - 8 July 1958)
 Vali Akhundov (8 July 1958 - 10 July 1959)
 Mammad Iskenderov (10 July 1959 - 29 December 1961)
 Anvar Alikhanov (29 December 1961 - 10 April 1970)
 Ali Ibrahimov (10 April 1970 - 22 January 1981)
 Hasan Seyidov (22 January 1981 - 27 January 1989)
 Ayaz Mutallibov (27 January 1989 - 25 January 1990)
 Hasan Hasanov (25 January 1990 - 7 February 1991)

Republic of Azerbaijan (1991-Present)

Related pages
 President of Azerbaijan
 National Assembly of Azerbaijan
 List of political parties in Azerbaijan

References 

 
Azer
Government of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani politicians
Hallie Kate Eisenberg, born August 2, 1992, is an American actor. She began her acting career in Pepsi commercials beginning in late 1990s. Eisenberg acted in many movies, television programs and commercials starting from the mid 1990s.

References

American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New Jersey
1992 births
Living people
Gaslighting is a slang for "making someone question their own reality".

The word also describes a person ("gaslighter") who uses words and sometimes tricks to make others unsure of what is real and what is not real. This can be very upsetting. Gaslighting is only possible when the other person is vulnerable person, for example when the gaslighter is a powerful person or if the person being gaslighted is fearful that not believing the gaslighter will bring them grief. Sometimes, people don't know they are gaslighting others.

The term "gaslighting" is comes from the 1944 movie Gaslight, which is a story about a husband who uses trickery to convince his wife that she is mentally ill. He does this in order to steal from her.

Gaslighting is different from genuine relationship disagreement which is both common and important in relationships.

References

Psychology
Patrick Murphy (1834–1862) was an Irish giant, born in County Down from parents James Murphy and mother Peggy (née Cunningham), who put himself in a show as a way of making money. He originally worked on the docks in Liverpool, England and, after that, became a waiter at a hotel. Because he was so tall, Murphy attracted crowds everywhere he went. He eventually decided that he could make a living being tall. He always spoke of himself as being 8'10" and in some circles as much as 9'3". In about 1860, he was measured by a Dr. Virchow as being 7'3.4" (222 cm) tall.

In May 1857 the Emperor and Empress of Austria invited the tall Irishman to visit their kingdom.  While he was on tour throughout Europe, he died of smallpox in Marseille at the age of twenty-eight.

References

1834 births
1862 deaths
People from County Down
Deaths from smallpox
Patrick Murphy was an Irish pilot who mistakenly bombed the border town of Naco, Arizona. Not much is known about his personal life.

Bombing of Naco, Arizona
Murphy owned a plane around the time of the Cristero War in Mexico against the anti-Catholic government of Emilio Portes Gil. Murphy decided to help the rebels by using his plane to bomb the government-controlled town of Naco, Sonora. He tried many times between March 31 and April 6 to bomb Naco but also accidentally, bombed the Arizona border town with the same name. He destroyed some buildings and a car. United States soldiers eventually came to his house and took away his plane. Murphy escaped to rebel territory in Mexico but returned to the United States and was jailed for a little while.

Legacy
Murphy became the first person working for another country to ever bomb the mainland United States. Singer Dolan Ellis honored Murphy in one of his songs on his  "Tall Tales, Lost Trails & Heroes" album.

References

Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Arizona
Irish people
Aviators
The Imperia Tower is a building in Moscow, Russia. The building is part of the Moscow International Business Center. The building has a hotel, business center, offices and even private apartments. The building is 60 floors. The business space is from floors 2 to 3, the hotel area is from floors 33 to 41 and the private apartments are from floors 40 to 60. The building also has a great view of the full city of Moscow.

The parking area can hold 1,435 cars.

Skyscrapers
Buildings and structures in Moscow
Crosstalk, also known by its Chinese name xiangsheng (Simplified Chinese: 相声, Traditional Chinese: 相聲, pinyin: xiàngsheng, literally, "looking at each other and speaking"), is a traditional Chinese comedy form.  Crosstalk is a special kind of dialogue and a special kind of performance.

The comic language has many puns and allusions.  The words are spoken in a fast, rushed manner.  The comedy is a kind of banter. 

According to Canadian crosstalk comedian Dashan (Mark Rowswell),  the closest equivalent in English would be Abbott and Costello's "Who's on First?" sketch.

Format
Modern crosstalk is made up of four skills–speaking (Simplified Chinese: 说, Traditional Chinese: 說, pinyin: shuō), imitating (Simplified Chinese: 学, Traditional Chinese: 學, pinyin: xué), teasing (Simplified and Traditional Chinese: 逗, pinyin: dòu), and singing (Simplified and Traditional chinese: 唱, pinyin: chàng).

History
Crosstalk was popular during the Qing Dynasty. It is also a standard feature of CCTV's annual New Year's Gala.

Related pages
 Manzai
 Stand-up comedy

References

Other websites 
 Crosstalk Collections 中华笑海 (Simplified Chinese) 
 China Crosstalk Online 中国相声网 (Simplified Chinese) 
 Comedians Workshop 相聲瓦舍 (Traditional Chinese)

Comedy
Chinese culture
An Oppidum (plural oppida) is a Latin word for the main settlement in any administrative area of ancient Rome. The word comes from ob-pedum, an "enclosed space." This may in turn have come from the Proto-Indo-European word, *pedóm-, meaning an "occupied space" or "footprint."

Julius Caesar called the larger Celtic Iron Age settlements he found in Gaul oppida. The word is now used to describe the large pre-Roman towns that existed across Western and Central Europe. Many oppida grew from hill forts, but not all of them had an important defensive role. The main features of the oppida are:
 the planned building of the walls and gates
 the spacious layout
 a view of the surrounding area.

The development of oppida was an important step in the urbanisation of Europe. They were the first large settlements north of the Mediterranean that could be described as towns. Caesar pointed out that each tribe of Gaul would have several oppida, but that they were not all of equal importance. This suggests that there was some form of hierarchy.

In conquered lands, the Romans took over the oppida to administer the empire, and many became full Roman towns. This often involved a change of location from the hilltop into the plain.

One of the best preserved oppida is at Enserune in France. It was occupied continuously from 6th century BC until the 1st century. Other oppida are now buried beneath large cities, such as Vindobona which is covered by Vienna.

References

Latin words and phrases
Archaeological sites
Fortification
Places of Ancient Rome
Visací zámek (English:Padlock) is a Czech punk rock band. The band was formed in 1982. This band is thought to be the oldest Czech punk band. Its early work influenced the sound of an entire generation of bands. The early works of Visací zámek are strongly influenced by early nihilism and post-modernism.

Band members 
 Jan "Hony" Haubert – vocals
 Michal "Pixies" Pixa – kytara, vocals
 Vladimír "Savec" Šťástka – bass guitar
 Ivan "Hroch" Rut – kytara, vocals
 Jiří "Sweet P" Pátek – drums

Discography

Albums 
 Visací zámek (1990)
 Start 02 (1991)
 Three Locks (1992)
 Traktor (1993)
 Jako vždycky (1994)
 Sex (1996)
 Visací zámek znovu zasahuje (2000)
 Punk! (2005)
 Klasika (2010)

Compilations and live records 
 Raritky (1989)
 Zámkománie (1998)
 19 let – Live at Akropolis (2001)
 Žofín (2002)
 20 let – Live at Akropolis (2003)
 Visací zámek 25 let (2008, CD + DVD)
 Beat hall of fame (Live-Split-CD with Tři sestry, Fanánek and Synové výčepu) (2009)

punk bands
Czech musical groups
The Isley Brothers are a very successful music group from the northeastern United States. They had many songs in the 1950s through the 2000s. Their songs included "Twist and Shout" and "Contagious". Their music is mixed R&B, funk and soul. The group is made of six African American brothers.

American R&B bands
Musical groups from Ohio
Musicians from Cincinnati, Ohio
"Venus as a Boy" is a song from Björk. It was the second single from her album Debut. The song was used in the movie Léon (The Professional).

Björk
1993 songs
The Mandarin orange, also known as the mandarin or mandarine (both lower-case), is a small citrus tree (Citrus reticulata) with fruit that looks like other oranges. Mandarin oranges are usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. The mandarin is tender, and is damaged easily by cold. It can be grown in tropical and subtropical areas.

The mandarin is easily peeled with the fingers, and can be easily split into even segments without squirting juice. This makes it more convenient to eat, as utensils are not required to peel or cut the fruit. Mandarin segments are also sold in cans.

During Chinese New Year, Mandarin oranges and tangerines are considered traditional symbols of good fortune. During the two-week celebration, they are frequently displayed as decoration and presented as gifts to friends, relatives, and business partners.

Production volume

References

Other websites 

 Mandarin Orange Nutrition Facts
 UC Riverside Mandarin Variety Descriptions

Citrus
Sandra Bernhard (born June 6, 1955) is an American actress, singer, comedian and writer. She has been seen in many movies, sitcoms and on live stage since the 1970s. She also wrote several books and animated shows like The Powerpuff Girls, Disney's Hercules, Spider-Man The Animated Series. 

Bernhard was born in Flint, Michigan. She moved to Scottsdale, Arizona. She is openly bisexual. She is in a long-term relationship with a woman. Bernhard has a daughter.

References 

1955 births
Living people
Actors from Arizona
Actors from Michigan
American autobiographers
American LGBT rights activists
American movie actors
American television actors
Bisexual people
Comedians from Arizona
Comedians from Michigan
LGBT actors
LGBT comedians
LGBT people from Arizona
LGBT singers
People from Flint, Michigan
People from Scottsdale, Arizona
Singers from Arizona
Singers from Michigan
Writers from Michigan
Musicians from Arizona
Musicians from Michigan
Victoria Jackson (born August 2, 1959) is an American comedian and actress. She is most known for her work on the sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live. She has also starred in many movies. Jackson is a Republican and strong Tea Party supporter.

References

Actors from Miami, Florida
American movie actors
American television actors
Comedians from Miami, Florida
1959 births
Living people
Flint is an industry city in east central Michigan. The city of Flint is where General Motors was born. It is the seventh largest city in Michigan. In June 1953 a deadly tornado cut through the area. It killed more than 110 in the area. This is also where the Flint water crisis happened, where the water source was contaminated with lead.

Other websites

 
County seats in Michigan
In physics, thermal expansion is the likelihood of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature. When a substance is heated, its basic particles move around more quickly and by doing so generally maintain a greater average . Materials that contract with an increase in temperature are very uncommon; this effect is limited in size, and only occurs within limited temperature ranges. The degree of expansion divided by the change in temperature is called the material's coefficient of thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature. 

Thermometers are an example of using thermal expansion. They contain a liquid which can only move in one direction (along the tube) when volume changes along with temperature.

Thermal expansion can become a problem for trains because it can cause the rails to buckle. On the rails they will have monitors so that if it does get abnormally high in temperature they can be warned and trains could be told to slow down to reduce the heat of friction. Sometimes on the inner parts of the rails they will be painted white to reflect the sun's hot rays so that it won't cause buckling.

References 

Thermodynamics
FC Bergheim is an Austrian football club from  Bergheim from the federals state Salzburg. The women's section  plays in the ÖFB-Frauenliga, the highest league in women's football in Austria. The second team is playing in the Future League.

History
The women's soccer club started as USK Hof in 1999. The club played in the Salzburger Frauenliga (3rd level). From 2001 till 2005 the team was member of the 2. Division Mitte (2nd level). 2006-07 the won the league but lost the relegation matches to the Bundesliga versus FC St. Veit. The next season they became also champions and won versus SV Groß-Schweinbarth and were promoted to the ÖFB-Frauenliga.

For the 2020-11 season they made a syndicate with FC Bergheim. In the 2012-13 season they were relegated to the 2. Liga Mitte/West. They won the league in the following two seasons but lost the relegation matches versus ASK Erlaa and  Carinthians Soccer Women. In the season 2015-16 they played for the first time as FC Bergheim. After the championship they won the relegation versus ASK Erlaa and were promoted to the Frauen-Bundesliga.

Current squad

Coaching staff
 Dragan Terzic   Headcoach
 Sara Schaible   Assistant coach
  Herbert Weissgerber  Goalkeeper coach
  Mario Seidl  Goalkeeper coach

Former players 
 Maria Plattner
 Sarah Zadrazil
Laura Feiersinger

Honours
 5 × Meister der 2. Liga: 2007, 2008, 2014, 2015, 2016

References

Women's football in Austria
Austrian football clubs
Football clubs of Salzburg
2014 establishments in Europe
The  is a time in the history of Japan which lasted from 710 to 794.  This grouping of years is named after city of Nara.

History
In 710, Empress Gemmei established the capital of Japan at Heijō-kyō, which is present-day Nara.  Gemmei's palace was named Nara-no-miya.  Except for two brief times, the reigns of the next seven monarchs were centered in the palace which was built by Gemmei.

The capital at Nara was modeled after Chang'an, the capital city of Tang China.  The Nara period was marked by the introduction of Tang systems and culture.

Timeline
 710 (Wadō 3): Japan's capital city was established in Nara (Heijō-kyō).
 712 (Wadō 5): The Kojiki was finished.
 720 (Yōrō 4): Nihon Shoki completed.
 749-752 (Tenpyō-shōhō 1-4): Emperor Shōmu orders the creation of a large statue of Buddha (Daibutsu) at Tōdai-ji
 760 (Tenpyō-hōji 4): Man'yōshū completed.
 784 (Enryaku 3): The emperor moves the capital to Nagaoka
 788 (Enryaku 7): The Buddhist monk Saichō establishes a monastery on Mt Hiei
 December 17, 794 (Enryaku 13, 21st day of the 10th month): The Emperor moves by carriage in a grand procession from Nara to Heian-kyō.

Related pages
 List of Japanese eras

References

Other websites

 Metropolitan Museum of Art,  Asuka and Nara Periods (538–794)
 British Museum, Nara period (AD 710-794) 
 Japan-guide.com, Nara and Heian Periods (710 - 1185)

Periods in Japanese history
Dialogue or dialog is a shared inquiry or the art of thinking together. Dialogue is a rhetorical, literary and theatrical format.  It means a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people.

History
The historical origins of dialogue are in classical Greek and Indian literature.

Dialogue is an element in the art of rhetoric.

Related pages
 Online chat
 Conversation
 Xiangsheng
 Manzai

References

Other websites

 National Coalition for Dialogue and Deliberation
 Smith, M. K. (2001) Dialogue and conversation, the encyclopaedia of informal education
 The Journal of Inter-Religious Dialogue

Fiction
Rhetoric
China Central Television or Chinese Central Television, commonly abbreviated as CCTV, is the major state television broadcaster in mainland China.

CCTV has a network of 50 channels. Each channel broadcasts different programs to more than one billion viewers.  The CCTV programs are a mixture of documentary, comedy, entertainment, and drama.

History
CCTV Peking (Beijing) Television (北京电视台) broadcast its first program on September 2, 1958.

The network changed its name to CCTV on May 1, 1978.

Related pages
 CCTV New Year's Gala

References

Other websites 

 CCTV Live Site  
 CCTV Official Site 
 CCTV-News  
 CCTV-E  
 CCTV-F  
 CCTV-Arabic  
 CCTV-Pусский  
 CCTV News Channel Site 

Television
China
Naco is a census-designated place in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. Its  population is 833. It is across the United States–Mexico border from Naco, Sonora. The Naco border entrance is open 24 hours a day.

Other websites 
Naco history and prehistory, by National Park Service (English & Spanish)
 Video about Fiesta Binacional which takes place in Naco, on both sides of the border

Census-designated places in Arizona
An algal bloom is an accumulation of algae (typically microscopic) or a rapid increase in their amount in a body of water. Algal blooms may occur in fresh water as well as salt water. Algal bloom concentrations may reach millions of cells per milliliter of water. Algal blooms are often green, but they can also be other colors such as yellow-brown or red, depending on the species of algae. So-called algal blooms are often caused by Cyanobacteria such as Aphanizomenon flosaquae, which are no longer considered to be algae. Some kinds of algal blooms, such as red tides, are poisonous.
 
Algal blooms are often caused by eutrophication. Eutrophication occurs when abnormal amount of nutrients, especially phosphorous and nitrogen, enter a body of water. Algal blooms are a big problem to ecosystems because, like any sudden unnatural growth, it harms the other animals in that ecosystem, usually decreasing their numbers quickly. The abundance of algae in algal blooms causes layers of algae that are unable to get sunlight, and this causes the algae to die and start to decompose. The top layers of algae is able to photosynthesize and continue living. The lack of nutrients and dissolved oxygen in the water inhibits other life. Fish become unable to breathe and other aquatic vegetation cannot photosynthesize. All the organisms in the water start to die and decompose. The decomposition of the dead organisms use up most of the remaining dissolved oxygen in the water. Without a sufficient amount of nutrients and dissolved oxygen all living organisms in the water die which leads to a dead zone.

Related pages
 Eutrophication, a cause of algal blooms

Bloom
The Smoky Hill Chalk is an Upper Cretaceous conservation Lagerstätte, or fossil-rich geological formation. It is known for its exceptionally well-preserved marine reptiles from the Western Inland Sea.  

The Smoky Hill Chalk outcrops in parts of northwest Kansas, its most famous localities for fossils, and in southeastern Nebraska. Large well-known fossils excavated from the Smoky Hill Chalk include marine reptiles such as plesiosaurs, large bony fish such as Xiphactinus, mosasaurs, pterosaurs (namely Pteranodon), flightless marine birds such as Hesperornis,  and turtles.  Many of the most well-known specimens of the marine reptiles were collected by dinosaur hunter Charles H. Sternberg and his son George. The son collected a unique fossil of the giant bony fish Xiphactinus audax with the skeleton of another bony fish, Gillicus arcuatus inside the larger one.  Another excellent skeleton of Xiphactinus audax was collected by Edward Drinker Cope during the late nineteenth century heyday of American paleontology.

References 

Lagerstätten
Cretaceous
Geography of Kansas
Geography of Nebraska
Army men, or plastic soldiers, are simple toy soldiers molded from green or other colored plastic. Unlike the  toy soldiers, which cost more, army men are sold at low prices in discount stores, supermarkets, and dollar stores. Also unlike many toy soldiers, army men are sold unpainted and almost always dressed in modern military uniforms and armed with 20th Century weapons.

Description
Army men are sold in plastic bags or buckets, and often include different colors such as green, tan, or gray, to represent different sides. They have a lot of different kinds of weapons, from World War II to the current era. These include rifles, machine guns, submachine guns, sniper rifles, pistols, grenades, flamethrowers, and bazookas. They may also have radio men, minesweepers, and men armed with bayonets. Army men are sometimes packaged with additional accessories including tanks, jeeps, half tracks, artillery, helicopters, jets, and buildings. Their vehicles are usually manufactured in the same size, to save money.

History and varieties
The first American plastic toy soldiers were made by Bergen Toy & Novelty Co. (Beton for short) in 1938.

References

Toys
Samuel Finley Breese Morse (April 27, 1791 – April 2, 1872) was an American inventor. He was the first person to make a telegraph with only one wire, and also helped come up with the idea of Morse code.

Since the 1700s, there were different types of telegraphs being made, but they were hard to use because they had several wires. (The first telegraph ever built had 26 wires, which made it almost impossible to use.) Morse spent years trying to build one with only one wire, and managed to do it in 1836. Morse and his assistant made a code with "dots and "dashes", which were two different types of "clicks" on the telegraph.

Morse's invention made it possible to quickly communicate with people far away, and many telegraph lines were built. A telegraph line using his invention was built between Washington, D.C. and Baltimore in 1844. By the 1860s, there were telegraph lines all around North America, and in 1866, a telegraph line was built across the Atlantic Ocean.

Life
Samuel F. B. Morse was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts

Morse was a painter before he was an inventor. He was a professor of art at New York University. He wanted to do some paintings that were going to be done at the United States Capitol, but was not chosen to do them. He was so disappointed that he gave up painting.

Morse was a devout Christian. The first message he sent on his 1844 telegraph line was "What hath God wrought?", which comes from the Book of Numbers in the Bible.

He died in New York City on April 2, 1872.

References

American inventors
1791 births
1872 deaths
is a prefecture in the Shikoku region of Japan on the island of Shikoku. The capital city is Matsuyama.

History
Until the Meiji Restoration, Ehime prefecture was known as Iyo Province. The name Ehime comes from the Kojiki.  It means "beautiful maiden."

After the Battle of Sekigahara, the Tokugawa shogun gave the area to his allies.  Kato Yoshiaki built Matsuyama Castle which became the center of the modern city of Matsuyama.

Drought is common in Ehime history.

Geography
Ehime faces the Seto Inland Sea in the southwestern part of Shikoku.  The prefecture is bordered by Kagawa Prefecture and Tokushima Prefecture in the east.  Kōchi is to the south.  The prefecture has a long coastline and it includes many islands.

The Yanase Dam was built in 1953.

Cities

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 7% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
Ōyamazumi jinja is the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Ehime F.C.

References

Other websites

http://www.pref.ehime.jp/index-e.htm ;
is a prefecture in the Shikoku region of Japan on the island of Shikoku. The capital city is the city of Tokushima.

History 
Until the Meiji Restoration, Tokushima prefecture was known as Awa Province.

Timeline
 4th century BC – Rice farming of the Yayoi period in Awa
 3rd century AD – Burial mounds of the Kofun period in Awa
 8th century – Wooden tablets (mokkan) used for record-keeping in Awa
 1586 (Tenshō 14): Tokushima castle.
 1625 (Kan'ei 2): Indigo monopoly established
 1945 (Shōwa 20): Tokushima City bombed by Allied planes

Geography
Tokushima is in the northeastern part of Shikoku. The prefecture faces the Seto Inland Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Kagawa Prefecture is to the northeast. Ehime Prefecture is to the west. Kōchi Prefecture is to the southeast.

Tokushima and Kagawa have disagreed about sharing water for a since the 1850s. The Yanase Dam was built in 1953.

Cities

Towns and villages

Towns and villages in each district:

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 9% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
Ōasahiko jinja is the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Tokushima Vortis

References

Other websites

 http://www.pref.tokushima.jp/english/ ; http://www.pref.tokushima.jp/
Mount Vernon is the 8th most populated city in the State of New York. It is in south central Westchester County. The city's neighbors include the Bronx on the south, and Yonkers on the west, separated by the Bronx River. Mount Vernon is primarily African American.

Anne Hutchinson started Mount Vernon in the 1640s in New Netherland which later became New York.

Cities in New York
Eva Marie Saint (born July 4, 1924, Newark, New Jersey) is an American movie and stage actress. She has performed in many movies, television programs and stage acts.

Personal life
Saint has been married to producer/director Jeffrey Hayden since October 28, 1951. They have two children, Darrell (born April 1, 1955) and Laurette (born July 19, 1958), and three grandchildren. Hayden died on December 24, 2016.

Works

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 

Academy Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Actors from Newark, New Jersey
1924 births
Living people
Chicken nuggets are chicken meat pieces made into a big oval shape and usually are found at fast food restaurants, or in grocery stores which are cheaper most of the time. The fast food chain McDonald's produces their own type of nuggets, called Chicken McNuggets. Many children eat nuggets and get fatter, lol

Bruh

Chicken as food
Lake George is a glacial lake in the Adirondack Mountains in New York. Isaac Jogues found the lake in 1646. Many tourists visit Lake George.

Other websites

Lakes of the United States
Geography of New York
John E. Bryson (born July 24, 1943)<ref>John E. Bryson 1943-, Reference for Business', Encyclopedia of Business 2nd edition</ref> is an American politician. He was the 37th Secretary of Commerce. The Senate confirmed him by a 74–26 vote on October 20, 2011.  He became Secretary on October 21, 2011. He is the former Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and President of Edison International, the parent company of Southern California Edison. He left office on June 11, 2012. 

From 1976 to 1979, Bryson was chairman of the California State Water Resources Control Board. From 1979 to 1982, he was president of the California Public Utilities Commission.

Bryson helped start the Natural Resources Defense Council after he graduated from law school.

References

Other websites
Profile at Bloomberg BusinessweekProfile  at Forbes''
Profile at The Walt Disney Company

John Bryson is the Right Man at the Right Time to Lead Commerce Department, Frances Beinecke, President of NRDC, May 31, 2011

Commerce
US Democratic Party politicians
United States Secretaries of Commerce
Politicians from New York City
1943 births
Living people
Joe Willie "Pinetop" Perkins (July 7, 1913 – March 21, 2011) was an American blues musician. He died in Austin, Texas. He was 97 years old when he died. Perkins was a famous pianist. He helped form the style of other musicians. He played with B. B. King for a short time and was part of Muddy Waters' band for more than ten years. He won the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005.

Selected discography
 1976: Boogie Woogie King (recorded 1976, released 1992)
 1977: Hard Again (Muddy Waters)
 1988: After Hours
 1992: Pinetop Perkins with the Blue Ice Band
 1992: On Top 1993: Portrait of a Delta Bluesman 1995: Live Top (with the Blue Flames)
 1996: Eye to Eye (with Ronnie Earl, Willie "Big Eyes" Smith and Calvin “Fuzz” Jones)
 1997: Born in the Delta 1998: Sweet Black Angel 1998: Legends (with Hubert Sumlin)
 1998: Down In Mississippi 1999: Live at 85! (with George Kilby Jr)
 2000: Back On Top 2003: Heritage of the Blues: The Complete Hightone Sessions 2003: All Star Blues Jam (with Bob Margolin et al.)
 2004: Ladies Man 2007: 10 Days Out: Blues From The Backroads (with Kenny Wayne Shepherd and the Muddy Waters Band—Live) 
 2008: Pinetop Perkins and Friends 2010: Joined At the Hip'' (with Willie "Big Eyes" Smith)

References

American pianists
Blues pianists
Grammy Award winners
1913 births
2011 deaths
Pope Innocent IV (; c. 1195 – December 7, 1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 181st Pope from June 25, 1243 until his death in 1254.

Early life
Fieschi was born in Genoa.  The Fieschi were a noble family of Liguria.

His nephew will become Adrian V.

He studied at the universities of Parma and Bologna.

Cardinal
Pope Gregory IX made Fieschi a cardinal on September 18, 1227.

Pope
Cardinal Fieschi was elected pope on June 25, 1243.  He chose the name Innocent IV. Ottobuono Fieschi was the pope's cardinal-nephew during this reign.

Pope Innocent was involved in Italian and European political disputes.  The central problem of his papacy was a conflict with Frederick II, who was the Holy Roman Emperor.

In 1245, Pope Innocent called church leaders to the Council of Lyons in France.

Innocent granted the use of the red hat to the cardinals in 1245. The red had was a symbol of the cardinal's readiness to shed their blood in the cause of the church.

Related pages
 List of popes
 List of popes from the Fieschi family

References

Other websites 

 
  Catholic Hierarchy,  Popes in sequence
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Fieschi

Italian popes
1190s births
1254 deaths
Robert Matthew Van Winkle (born October 31, 1967 in Dallas, Texas), best known as Vanilla Ice, is an American rap singer and songwriter. He had songs under SBK Records. His most notable song is "Ice Ice Baby". He was nominated for a Grammy Award for this song in 1991 but did not win. He has had other songs released over the years. Comedian Jim Carrey did a spoof on the song, called "White White Baby".

Vanilla Ice was a contestant in the second season of The Surreal Life in 2004 and in the sixth series of Dancing on Ice in 2011.

References

Other websites
 https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0406678/bio

Actors from Dallas, Texas
American movie actors
Rap musicians from Texas
American songwriters
Dancing on Ice participants
Singers from Dallas, Texas
The Surreal Life participants
1967 births
Living people