cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Joevana Charles (July 1955 – 17 January 2021) was a Seychellois politician. She was a member of the National Assembly of Seychelles.  She was a member of the Seychelles People's Progressive Front. She was first elected to the Assembly in 1993. She retired in 2015.

Charles died on 17 January 2021, aged 65.

References

Other websites
Member page on Assembly website

2021 deaths
1955 births
Seychellois people
African politicians
Andromeda (formally titled Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda) is a Canadian-American science fiction television series. Between 2000 and 2005, 110 episodes were produced. Each episode runs for about 40 minutes. The series is loosely based on a Star Trek related theme. It is based on material by  Gene Roddenberry.  His widow,  Majel Barrett, helped produce it. 

As of 2021, Andromeda is one of two TV series (the other is Earth: Final Conflict) based on ideas Roddenberry had as early as the 1960s and 1970s. Roddenberry died in 1991, nine years before the  series premiere. The name "Dylan Hunt" was used  for the hero of two TV pilots Roddenberry had produced in the mid-1970s, Genesis II, and Planet Earth. Both had a similar setting.

Related pages 
A for Andromeda tv series, 2006 film and book.

Canadian television series
Anthony Gonzalez (born September 18, 1984) is an American politician and former professional football player. A member of the Republican Party, he is serving as the U.S. Representative for  in the United States House of Representatives since 2019 and was reelected in 2020.

Anthony Gonzalez played college football for Ohio State University and played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Indianapolis Colts.

Football career
Anthony Gonzalez played football in college for Ohio State University. In his last season at Ohio State he scored 8 touchdowns. Gonzalez then joined the Indianapolis Colts in the NFL. In his second season he was injured for eight weeks. Anthony went to the Super Bowl in 2010 but did not win.

Political career
Anthony Gonzalez ran for the United States House of Representatives seat in Ohio's 16th congressional district in 2018 as a Republican. Gonzalez won the election. On January 13, 2021 Gonzalez voted with nine Republicans and all the Democrats in the House of Representatives to impeach Donald Trump a second time. Many people did not like this and he was asked to resign by Jane Timken.

Election history

References

1984 births
American football wide receivers
United States representatives from Ohio
US Republican Party politicians
Politicians from Cleveland, Ohio
Sportspeople from Cleveland, Ohio
Living people
Ron Campbell (26 December 1939 – 22 January 2021) was an Australian animator, director, and producer. Campbell was best known for his work on the 1960s The Beatles television series and Yellow Submarine. Campbell was born in Seymour, Victoria. His career lasted from 1958 to 2008.

Campbell died on 22 January 2021, aged 81.

References

Other websites
 
 Rock Art Show
 Ron Campbell Animator

1939 births
2021 deaths
Australian artists
Animators
Australian movie directors
Australian movie producers
Television directors
Television producers
People from Victoria (Australia)
José Manuel Botella Crespo (1949 – 22 January 2021) was a Spanish politician. He was a member of Congress of Deputies from 1986 to 1993. He was a member of Corts Valencianes from 1991 to 2003. Botella Crespo was a member of the People's Alliance. He was born in Madrid.

Botella Crespo died in Torrevieja, Spain on 22 January 2021, aged 71.

References

1949 births
2021 deaths
Spanish politicians
People from Madrid
Torrevieja () or Torrevella () is a seaside city and municipality on the Costa Blanca in the province of Alicante. It is on the southeastern Mediterranean coast of Spain.

References

Cities in Valencia (autonomous community)
Municipalities in Valencia (autonomous community)
Alfredo Magarotto (16 February 1927 – 22 January 2021) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1950. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chioggia, Italy, from 1990 to 1997. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Vittorio Veneto, Italy, from 1997 to 2003.

Magarotto died on 22 January 2021, aged 93.

References

1927 births
2021 deaths
Italian Roman Catholics
Roman Catholic bishops
Konthoujam Nongarol (), also spelt as the Konthoucham Nongkalol, is an ancient Meitei literary narrative work, about Chingphulon Konthousu, a lady from Konthou clan, ascending to the Heaven. The story describes about the love between a mortal and a deity. It also mentions about how the ancient people perform ceremony for the death.

Related pages
 Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi
 Khoriphaba
 Poireiton Khunthok

Sources
 https://www.scribd.com/document/116798919/Konthoujam-Tampha-Lairembi
 http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Manipur_and_Religion.Three_millennia_mythology_still_resonates_at_Konthoujam_Lairembi_By_Phanjoubam_Chingkheinganba

Reference

Meitei literature
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a number from 0 to 1 (higher is better) used to compare different countries. It is published by United Nations Development Programme. It is used to rank countries into different groups for example developed and developing countries.

The Human Development Index uses different measurements of a population:
 Life expectancy at birth. This is used to see how healthy the people in one country are. It assumes that healthier people live longer on average.
 Literacy is used to look at how educated people are, for example how many adults can read and write. One third of this is the gross enrollment ratio, which measures how many of children of schooling age attend school.
 Standard of living. This is measured by calculating the gross domestic product with the total population so that it becomes comparable.

List of African countries 

This is a list of the Human Development Index (HDI) for countries in Africa from the United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report for 2019, published in 2020.

Related pages 
 List of countries by Human Development Index

References 

Africa-related lists
Economy of Africa
"Poireiton Khunthok" () or "Poireiton Khunthokpa"  () (literally, immigration by Poireiton) is an ancient Meitei literary narrative work (puya), describing about the immigration of a band of colonies, led by a man, Poireiton, the prince and younger brother of Thongaren, the god of the underworld kingdom, in the plains of the Kangleipak kingdom (present day Manipur).
It is partially an allegorical work, which includes mythical elements as the integral parts of the saga. It also mentions that the knowledge of the usage of fire was also introduced to the people of Kangleipak by Poireiton.

Related pages
 Leithak Leikharol

Sources
 https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.267352
 https://www.worldcat.org/title/poiraiton-khunthok/oclc/20872711

References

Puya
Meitei culture
"Chingkhong Poireiton" (), also known as "Poileiton" (), is a prince of the Khamnung (underworld kingdom) and a younger brother of Thongaren, the god of death in Meitei mythology and religion. He is best known as a cultural hero, for leading a colonial immigration to the human world (Kangleipak kingdom), as per the wish of his brother. 
He is mentioned in the Poireiton Khunthok, an ancient treatise about his immigration to the human kingdom.

Related pages
 Khuman kingdom
 Ancient Kangleipak

Bibliography
 https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.267352
 https://www.worldcat.org/title/poiraiton-khunthok/oclc/20872711

References

Meitei folklore
Meitei literature
Meitei mythology
Meitei religion
Kings of Ancient Manipur
History of Manipur
Nikolay Sergeyevich Chebotko (, October 25, 1982 – January 24, 2021) was a Kazakhstani cross country skier. Chebotko competed in four Winter Olympics from 2002 until the 2014. He won gold medals at the Asian Games and Universiade. Chebotko was born in Shuchinsk, Kazakh SSR.

Chebotko died in a car accident in near the Borovoye Resort in Kazakhstan on January 24, 2021 at the age of 38.

References

1982 births
2021 deaths
Skiers
Kazakhstani sportspeople
Olympians
Road accident deaths
Korouhanba (, ) is the God of the Sun, the Sky and the Heaven in Meitei mythology and religion of Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur). He is also known as Taohuireng and is one of the two sun brothers in the Numit Kappa epic legend. For having the ability to remove darkness, he is also called "Ngantureng". He is described as "Songbu Chiraitangba", a physician who is bald headed.

Etymology 

The Meitei name "Korouhanba" (ko.rəu.hən.bə, ꯀꯣꯔꯧꯍꯟꯕ) is a term for the Sun. This term is generally used in verses or in poems. "Korouhanba" (ko.rəu.hən.bə, ꯀꯣꯔꯧꯍꯟꯕ) can be fragmented into "Korou" (ko.rəu, ꯀꯣꯔꯧ), "Han" (hən, ꯍꯟ) and "Ba" (bə, ꯕ). "Korou" (ko.rəu, ꯀꯣꯔꯧ) means the day. "Han" (hən, ꯍꯟ) means "to be older". "Ba" (bə, ꯕ) denotes noun form.

Description 
According to the Meitei tradition, Sun God Korouhanba has strong connection with human body, human soul and origin of life. The human body is a "Lang" (lit. trap). Inside the trap, the "Thawai Polpi" (lit. soul bird) is kept. The soul bird leaves the former "Lang" and enters into another "Lang". The process is called "Langon" (lit. Changing of Lang). The "Polpilang Puya" text describes that the sun is the origin of life. It was told to Luwang Leikoiba by Mangang Laininghal according to the text. He (the Sun) represents the Supreme Being in the world of things (non living) and beings (living). He is Korouhanba.

Cults and pantheons 
The Lai Haraoba festival is celebrated in honor of God Korouhanba every year. The most significant shrine dedicated to God Korouhanba is in Moidangpok town in Manipur.
The cults and pantheons dedicated to God Korouhanba are mainly maintained by the Thokchom family of Meitei ethnicity.

He has religious association with the Maring tribe.

Connection with other deities 
God Korouhanba has connection with Mangang Luwang Khuman, the three divine teachers in many legends.

Namesakes

Martial Arts Club 
The Ibudhou Korouhanba Thang-Ta Moidangpok is a club of Thang Ta, a martial art form of the Meitei ethnicity. This martial arts association was a leading participant in the 31st State Thang Ta Championship in the year 2021.

Related pages
 Pisatao
 Taoroinai

References

Bibliography 
 A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy - by Singh, L. Bhagyachandra - 1991

Other websites 

Meitei gods and goddesses
A microcredit (sometimes called a micro-loan, or microloan) is a special kind of loan given to poor business people, mostly in developing countries. Microcredits were created to support entrepreneurship, and to lessen poverty. Very often, people getting a microcredit are illiterate: they cannot fill out forms to apply for a regular loan. Microcredits also work differently: the interest ot be paid is usually much higher than with a regular loan, often it is over 20%. The interest usually also has to be paid more often. Microcredits have been criticized, because people taking them often end up in a situation where they cannot repay their debt.

Finance
"Lainaotabi" () or "Leinaotabi" () is a goddess in ancient Meitei mythology and religion. She is the youngest consort of Thongalel, the god of death and the ruler of the Khamnung underworld. She was made to accompany Poireiton, her brother in law, with whom she gave birth to a son.
She is credited for making the first earthen pot in the legend.<ref
>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=142HAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA515&dq=leinaotabi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwilqaa957TuAhV04XMBHQxJCRYQ6AEwA3oECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=leinaotabi&f=false</ref>
Her pantheon is mainly maintained by the Ashangbam clan.

Related pages
 Nongban Pombi Luwaoba

References

Meitei gods and goddesses
Thāron or Tharol is an ancient Meitei literary work (puya), about the lore of the twelve lunar months of a year. It describes the changing pattern of nature in the following months. It is one of the masterpieces of the writers of the ancient times.

The terms, "Tha" means month or moon and "ron", derived from "lon" means knowledge, lore or tradition.

The names of the twelve lunar months were given in Ancient Meitei language in the manuscript. However, the following illustrates both the Ancient Meitei as well as Modern Meitei names, with their Gregorian equivalents:

References

Puya
Literature
The iPhone 12 Pro and iPhone 12 Pro Max are smartphones sold by Apple Inc.  They were announced on October 13, 2020, alongside the iPhone 12 and 12 mini. The iPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max contain many of the same features as the 12 and 12 mini, with the addition of one camera lens (similar to iPhone 11 Pro and 11 Pro Max) and a LiDAR scanner to allow for better photos and augmented reality experiences.

The display contains Ceramic Shield, which is meant to be tougher against drops. iPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max are 5G-capable and contain a basic storage of 128 GB, with 256 GB and 512 GB options also available.  They contain flat edges first introduced with the iPhone 4 and are made of stainless steel.  These phones have a magnetic back to allow for MagSafe wireless charging and accessory use, such as a wallet.  The iPhone 12 Pro starts at US $999, while the 12 Pro Max begins at US $1,099. The models are equipped with 6 GB of RAM. The iPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max are available in silver, graphite, Pacific blue, and gold.

References 

iPhone
Mobile phones with multiple rear cameras
Mobile phones with 4K video recording
IPhones released in 2020
Doug LaMalfa (born July 2, 1960) is a U.S. representative for California's 1st congressional district. He is a member of the Republican Party and has represented the California's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives since 2013. LaMalfa used to be a assemblyman in the California State Assembly for California's 2nd State Assembly district from 2002 to 2008 and a state senator in the California State Senate for California's 4th State Senate district from 2010 to 2012. 

When he was a state senator, Doug LaMalfa went against a bill that would get rid of the electoral  college. As a congressman LaMalfa did not think that climate change was a problem and is against illegal immigration. In December 2020, Doug LaMalfa joined 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives who supported Texas v. Pennsylvania which was a lawsuit to get rid of the 2020 United States presidential election results in which Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump.

Election history

|- class="vcard"
| style="background-color: #E81B23; width: 2px;" |
| class="org" style="width: 130px" | Republican
| class="fn"    | Doug LaMalfa (incumbent)
| style="text-align:right;" | 98,354
| style="text-align:right;" | 51.7
|-
|- class="vcard"
| style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 2px;" |
| class="org" style="width: 130px" | Democratic
| class="fn"    | Audrey Denney
| style="text-align:right;" | 34,121
| style="text-align:right;" | 17.9
|-
|- class="vcard"
| style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 2px;" |
| class="org" style="width: 130px" | Democratic
| class="fn"    | Jessica Holcombe
| style="text-align:right;" | 22,306
| style="text-align:right;" | 11.7
|-
|- class="vcard"
| style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 2px;" |
| class="org" style="width: 130px" | Democratic
| class="fn"    | Marty Waters
| style="text-align:right;" | 16,032
| style="text-align:right;" | 8.4
|-
|- class="vcard"
| style="background-color: #E81B23; width: 2px;" |
| class="org" style="width: 130px" | Republican
| class="fn"    | Gregory Cheadle
| style="text-align:right;" | 11,660
| style="text-align:right;" | 6.1
|-
|- class="vcard"
| style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 2px;" |
| class="org" style="width: 130px" | Democratic
| class="fn"    | David Peterson
| style="text-align:right;" | 5,707
| style="text-align:right;" | 3.0
|-
|- class="vcard"
| style="background-color: #17aa5c; width: 2px;" |
| class="org" style="width: 130px" | Green
| class="fn"    | Lewis Elbinger
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,191
| style="text-align:right;" | 1.2
|-

|- class="vcard"
| style="background-color: #E81B23; width: 5px;" |
| class="org" style="width: 130px" | Republican 
| class="fn" | Doug LaMalfa (incumbent) 
| style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em" |  
| style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em" | 54.9 
|-
|- class="vcard"
| style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 2px;" |
| class="org" style="width: 130px" | Democratic
| class="fn"    | Audrey Denney
| style="text-align:right;" | 131,548
| style="text-align:right;" | 45.1
|-

References

1960 births
United States representatives from California
US Republican Party politicians
Living people
Ancient Moirang, also known as Keke Moirang, was an ancient civilization that flourished in the southern plains of the present day Manipur, India. The Keke Kangla served as the capital city of the kingdom since time immemorial. The major body of accounts related to the history, literature, mythology of the kingdom are collectively called Moirang Kangleirol.

History

Contemporary periods
The contemporary periods of the kingdom had parallelism with the Chinese Golden Ages. The period started from 52 BC in Moirang and 208 BC in China.

Genealogy of ancient rulers

The Moirang Ningthourol (genealogy of the ancient rulers) were calculated with reference to many ancient texts, including the Cheitharol Kumpapa.

Government and Economy

Administration and Commerce
The Iwang Puriklai (ruler of Moirang) was the absolute monarch of the kingdom. For a smooth and sound administration, the kingdom was divided into eight leikais (wards or sectors). Along with this division, there were also nine organized marketplaces.
There were various institutions of the Phamnaiba Loishangs (Offices hold by Scholars), for smooth and proper conduct of the Thangjing Haraoba in the kingdom.

Culture

Religion
The ancient people worshipped Lord Thangjing, the presiding deity, as the progenitor of the kingdom.

Related pages
 Moirang
 Iputhou Pakhangba Laishang
 Ancient Manipur

References

History of India
Presidential elections were held in Portugal on 24 January 2021. 

The incumbent President, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, was reelected in a landslide victory with 60.7% of the vote.

Results
Summary of the 24 January 2021 Portuguese presidential election results
|-
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Candidates 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;" rowspan="2"|Supporting parties 	
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" colspan="2"|First round
|-
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;"|Votes
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;"|%
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" | 
|align=left|Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
|align=left|Social Democratic Party,People's Party
|align="right" |2,533,799
|align="right" |60.70
|-
|style="width: 5px" bgcolor=#FF66FF align="center" | 
|align=left|Ana Gomes
|align=left|People–Animals–Nature, LIVRE
|align="right" |541,345
|align="right" |12.97
|-
|style="width: 5px" bgcolor=#202056 align="center" | 
|align=left|André Ventura
|align=left|CHEGA
|align="right" |496,653
|align="right" |11.90
|-
|style="width: 5px" bgcolor=red align="center" | 
|align=left|João Ferreira
|align=left|Portuguese Communist Party, Ecologist Party
|align="right" |180,473
|align="right" |4.32
|-
|style="width: 5px" bgcolor= align="center" | 
|align=left|Marisa Matias
|align=left|Left Bloc, Socialist Alternative Movement
|align="right" |164,731
|align="right" |3.95
|-
|style="width: 5px" bgcolor=#00ADEF align="center" | 
|align=left|Tiago Mayan Gonçalves
|align=left|Liberal Initiative
|align="right" |134,427 
|align="right" |3.22
|-
|style="width: 5px" bgcolor=LightSeaGreen align="center" | 
|align=left|Vitorino Silva
|align=left|React, Include, Recycle
|align="right" |122,743
|align="right" |2.94
|-
|colspan="3" align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|4,174,171
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|-
|align=right colspan="3"|Blank ballots
|width="65" align="right" |47,041
|width="40" align="right" |1.10
|-
|align=right colspan="3" |Invalid ballots
|width="65" align="right"|39,997
|width="40" align="right"|0.94
|-
|colspan="3" align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|4,261,209
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
|colspan=3|Registered voters/turnout
||10,791,490||39.49
|-
|colspan=5 align=left|Source: Election results
|}

Maps

Notes

References

January 2021 events
21st century in Portugal
2021 elections in Europe
Echizen forged knives are traditional knives made in Echizen City, Fukui prefecture, Japan. Characteristics of these products are the two techniques, which are called Nimai hiroge (= double layering) and Mawashi hagane tsuke (= shaping the knife). Thanks to these characteristic techniques, they were chosen as the earliest traditional craft for forged knives in 1979.

History 
The origin of Echizen forged knives goes back to the early Nanboku-cho period (in the early 14th century). In 1337, Kuniyasu Chiyotsuru, a sword maker from Kyoto Prefecture in Japan, moved to Echizen no kuni (=present Echizen city), and  made sickles (=one kind of farming tools) for citizens who live there. While he stayed there, he thought how to make the products for many citizens, and many of them began to make the products referring to his techniques. Since then, the Echizen city became a big producing area which was famous for the farmer tools . During the Edo period (from the 17th to the 19th century), merchants selling sickles, which are farming tools,  walked from Echizen no kuni to many places around Japan such as Osaka prefecture or Tokyo Prefecture to sell these tools made in Echizen city. As these products were sold in markets, their high quality such as lightness or sharpness was evaluated, so forged knives made in Echizen city became popular around Japan. Now, Echizen forged knives produce many other products such as hatchets that are used for cutting trees in addition to knives.

Two main processes 

The two main important processes:  nimai hiroge and mawashi hagane tsuke.

 Nimai hiroge (double layering) 

...The blade is evenly thinned by stretching the two layered plates 

through beating both sides with a high-speed machine hammer.

 Mawashi hagane tsuke (shaping the knife)

...The tip of the blade is sharpened carefully to be close to the shape of diamond.

Main associations 

 Echizen Forged Knives Cooperative Association
 Takefu Knife Village Cooperative Association

 Takefu Knives Wholesale Commerce Cooperative Association

References 
KOGEI JAPAN  https://kogeijapan.com/locale/ja_JP/echizenuchihamono/

Echizen Forged Knives Cooperative Association HP  https://www.echizenuchihamono.com/shop.php

Takefu Knife village Cooperative Association HP   https://tkvstore.net/

Manufacturing
Leonard Harris (September 27, 1929 – August 28, 2011) was an American actor, critic and author. He was known for his roles as Senator Charles Palantine in Taxi Driver (1976) and the mayor in Hero at Large (1980).

Harris died of pneumonia on August 28, 2011 in Hartford, Connecticut at the age of 81.

References

1929 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American critics
Writers from New York City
Actors from New York City
Windows NT 5.x is a family of Microsoft Windows NT, starting with Windows 2000 and ending with with Server 2003. So far, All of Windows OS in this NT kernel is unsupported at all.

Versions 

Microsoft operating systems
Iputhou Pakhangba Laishang () (literally, "Iputhou Pakhangba Temple") is an ancient Meitei temple dedicated to God Pakhangba, inside the Kangla Palace in Imphal, Manipur, India.
After its reconstruction, it was consecrated in 2010.

Gallery

Related pages
 Khwairakpa Erel

References

Temples in India
Meitei religion
Atlassian Corporation is an Australian software development company for the IT industry. It is best known for its JIRA and Confluence bug tracking system. The company is headquartered in Seattle, USA. In total, the company has nine offices in six countries and serves more than 100,000 customers.

History 
The company name comes from Atlas (Greek: λτλας), a character from Greek mythology. Until 2017, the company's logo looked like an X-shaped figure supporting the sky. However, in 2017, the logo was changed to a modern one because, according to the designers, "The previous version of the logo was inspired by Atlas, and an example of legendary service and support.

Atlassian was founded in 2002 by two students from the University of New South Wales, Mike Cannon-Brooks and Scott Farkuhar. They both left training to work on the project. The start-up capital was only 10 thousand dollars.

Atlasian released its first product, JIRA (bug tracking and project management system), in 2002, and on April 25, 2004, they released Confluence, a platform for collaboration, dissemination of documentation and knowledge based on wiki technology.

In 2007, Atlassian released Bamboo, a server for continuous integration and delivery, and acquired Cenqua, another Australian IT company, along with its software products FishEye (version control system), Crucible (code viewer) and Clover (software for Java code testing, in April 2017 Atlassian closed it, and made the code public). 

In July 2010, Atlassian received a $60 million investment from investment company Accel Partners.

In 2011, the company's revenue reached $102 million, and in 2014 it was $215 million.

In 2015, Atlassian made an initial public offering on the NASDAQ and its capitalization was estimated at $4.37 billion.

References

Other website
 Official website

2000s establishments in Australia
2002 establishments
Companies of Australia
Software
There are several states in the world, where politics is dominated by two parties. This is known as two-party system. According to Giovanni Sartori, the following is true for such as system:

 Each of the two parties is able to reach an absolute majority in parliament
 When there are elections, usually one of the two parties wins an absolute majority
 The party that is elected wants to rule alone
 There's a large probability that with elections, the ruling party will change over time

The Median voter theorem describes such a system: While at first the parties have programmes that are very different from each other, over time, they will get closer. Hotelling's law also describes this in game theory. 

Note that in such systems, there may also be other parties, bur these rarely have enough influence to win majorities in elections.

Two Examples of countries that have a two party system are the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Related pages 
 Multi-party system - A system where there are many parties, Sometimes, several parties work together in government.
 One-party state - There's only one party, but sometimes people can choose from different candidates of that party.

Political systems
The median voter theorem is a theroem from political economics: Suppose there are two parties: One is a left-wing party, the other is a right-wing party. Voters either vote for the left-wing party L, or the right-wing party R. In an election, L has an interest to shift its position towards the middle, so that it can get voters from the other party R. Similarly, R has an interest to shift its position towards the middle, so ir can get voters from L. 

Economics theorems
Paper Port (Spanish: Puerto Papel) is a 2016 animated children's television series produced by Zumbastico Studios. The series blends stop-motion and 2D animation with papercraft characters and environments, in a technique called Papermotion.[1]

The series was co-produced by the channels Televisión Nacional de Chile (Chile), Pakapaka (Argentina), Gloob (Brazil), and Señal Colombia. Additionally, it's also produced by Pipeline Studios in Canada and distributed by Millimages in France. It first aired in 2016. It also airs on Discovery Kids (Latin America).[2] Paper Port's season 2 is in production, as well as a movie.[3]

Plot
Matilde, a 12-year-old girl, spends her vacations at her grandfather's house in the seaside city of Paper Port. After finding a magic coconut she wakes up every day with a mysterious new power, which she has to deal with in each episode, together with her friends Carlos, Ferni, and Boldo.
Katsuyama Castle Museum (勝山城博物館, Katsuyama-jō Hakubutsukan) is a museum that is in the city of Katsuyama in Fukui Prefecture in Japan. The museum was finished on July 19, 1992. It is considered to be the tallest castle in Japan, at 57.8 meters, but it is not a castle because it does not have a tenshu or tenshukaku–a “keep tower” (tower to defend from enemies). It was built to look like the Himeji castle. The museum also stands out because it has dragons cut into its foundation stone, which is unusual for a Japanese castle.

History behind the construction 
During the Edo period in Japan, the territory of modern Katsuyama City belonged to the Echizen-Katsuyama Domain (region). During that time, the city was planning to build a tenshu. However, for different reasons, such as the laws that were in place at that time, the city was never able to finish it. Kiyoshi Tada, who was born in Katsuyama and who was the founder of Sōgōtakushi, a taxi company that is nowadays divided into many different taxi companies, decided to build a castle, and put into life the long wish of people for a tenshu. Instead of a usual castle he built a museum that looks like a castle, where different items from his own collection are displayed nowadays, including various samurai armor, swords, and traditional folding screens. The museum was built close to another gift to Katsuyama from Kiyoshi Tada--Echizen Daibutsu, a complex of buildings built in a traditional Japanese style with a huge Buddha statue in it. The cost of construction was 10 billion yen.

Modern times 
Since the opening, the museum has been managed by the Tada Kiyoshi Cultural Educational Commemoration Foundation (多田清文化教育記念財団, Tada Kiyoshi Bunka Kyōiku Kinen Zaidan). In 2014, the Katsuyama Castle Museum started working together with the Katsuyama City government.

In addition to Kiyoshi Tada’s own collection, the museum also displays a collection of more than 800 articles of embroidery of the Qing dynasty in China. There is also a collection of works by famous calligrapher Goseki Nishiwaki shown in the museum.

Many events are held on the museum territory throughout the year, including tea ceremonies, haiku competitions, various concerts, and collaborations with the government and other museums. (Please check the information before visiting there as the event may be canceled or changed due to the influence of the coronavirus.

In 2019 alone 12,5000 people visited either the museum and/or the Echizen Daibutsu.

You can overlook the city of Katsuyama from the observation room on the top floor. 

We can get to the museum for about 15 minutes from Katsuyama station by bus. This museum closed on Wednesday and open from 9:30 to 16:30 except Wednesday.

References

Other websites 

 Katsuyama Castle Museum website 
 Katsuyama Castle Museum Twitter account (@katsuyamacastle)
 Katsuyama Castle Museum on Fukui Museum Association website
 Katsuyama City website
 Fukui Prefecture website

Castles in Japan
Museums in Japan
Fukui Prefecture
Buildings and structures in Fukui Prefecture
The Koh Chang Island frog or Mortensen's frog (Sylvirana mortenseni) is a frog from Cambodia, Thailand, and Laos.  Scientists have seen it as high as 800 meters above sea level.

References

Animals of Asia
Frogs
Rabeya Khatun (27 December 1935 – 3 January 2021) was a Bangladeshi novelist. As of 2008, she wrote over 50 novels and more than 400 short stories. Her works include essays, novels, research, short stories, religious history and travelogues. She was awarded Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1973, Ekushey Padak in 1993 and Independence Day Award in 2017 by the Government of Bangladesh.

Khatun died 3 January 2021 at her residence in Gulshan, Dhaka.

References

Other websites
 

1935 births
2021 deaths
Bangladeshi writers
Short story writers
Novelists
Bangla Academy Literary Award winners
Recipients of the Ekushey Padak
Bangladeshi Muslims
Recipients of the Independence Day Award
The Abiu is a tropical tree from South America. The tree grows to heights between  and . It produces edible fruit. When they are ripe, the fruits are yellow.

Tropical fruit
Sapotaceae
GeForce is a brand name by Nvidia. It is a series of video cards.

Their main competitor is AMD with their Radeon line.

History 
GeForce is the successor of the RIVA TNT2 line.

In early 1999, Nvidia made a contest named "Name That Chip". The public should find a name for Nvidia's next video card. 7 winners should get a RIVA TNT2 Ultra as reward. The name "GeForce" won.

The first card in the series was the GeForce 256. It was released on September 1, 1999.

The latest video card series under the GeForce brand is the GeForce 30 series as of 2020.

Timeline

References

Other websites 
 Official website
 GeForce powered games

Computer hardware
AMD Radeon () is a brand name by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). Several computer products are sold under the brand. For example, graphics processing units (GPUs), random-access memory (RAM), and overclocking software. These products are produced by Radeon Technologies Group, a division of AMD.

Their main competitor is Nvidia with their GeForce line.

History 
Radeon was created by ATI Technologies. AMD bought the company in 2006 for $5.6 billion.

References 

Computer hardware companies
Cypronia is Slovakian indie video game developer. It is based in Michalovce.

History 
Cypronia was founded in 1997 as Ablaze Entertainment. In 2001, the name was changed to Cypron Studios. Later, the name was changed again to Cypronia.

The studio became popular after they released the 2015 video game Cube Life: Island Survival. It reached #1 in the Europe, #2 in the American and #3 in the Japanese Nintendo eShop charts.

Released games 

 The Strangers (1997, Amiga, real-time strategy game)
 Napalm: Crimson Crisis (1999, Amiga, real-time strategy game)
 State of War (2001, Microsoft Windows, real-time strategy game)
 State of War: Warmonger (2003, Microsoft Windows, real-time strategy game, a sequel to State of War)
 Gods: Lands of Infinity (2006, Microsoft Windows, turn-based RPG)
 Logitech's golf (2006, Microsoft Windows)
 Gods: Lands of Infinity: Special Edition (2007, Microsoft Windows, rehaul of Gods: Lands of Infinity)
 State of War 2: Arcon (2007, Microsoft Windows, multiplayer-focused real-time strategy game)
 Command and Destroy (2008, Nintendo DS, real-time strategy game)
 1 vs. 100 (2008, Nintendo DS, quiz game based on popular TV show 1 vs. 100 by Endemol)
 Jagged Allyance (2008, Nintendo DS, DS adaptation of Jagged Alliance PC franchise)
 Cube Life: Island Survival (2015, Wii U, sandbox survival game)
 Cube Life: Pixel Action Heroes (2017, Wii U, sandbox first person shooter game)
 Pixel Action Heroes (2018, Nintendo Switch, remake of Cube Life: Pixel Action Heroes)
 Cube Life: Island Survival HD (2018, Microsoft Windows, remake of Cube Life: Island Survival)
 State of War: Warmonger (2018, Microsoft Windows, port for newer computer systems, contains State of War and State of War: Warmonger)
 Angry Bunnies: Colossal Carrot Crusade (2019)

References

Other websites 

 Official website
 

Video game companies of Europe
Slovakia
California's 36th congressional district is a U.S. congressional district in California. It is in the eastern part of Riverside County.

The district has the communities of Palm Springs, Palm Desert, Indio, Coachella, Rancho Mirage, Desert Hot Springs, Indian Wells and Cathedral City in the district.

The district is represented by Democrat Raul Ruiz.

References

36
Cathedral City, colloquially known as "Cat City", is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States. It is in Colorado Desert's Coachella Valley. 51,200 people lived here at the 2010 census.

References

Cities in California
Settlements in Riverside County, California
California's Colorado Desert is a part of the larger Sonoran Desert. It is about . It also has the irrigated Coachella and Imperial valleys. The desert is known for its many flora and fauna.

Other websites

 Colorado Desert – Overview from California Wildlife Action Plan site

Deserts
Geography of California
The 2021 Tocantinense aviation disaster took place on January 24, 2021, when a plane crashed shortly after departing Palmas–Brigadeiro Lysias Rodrigues Airport in Brazil. Six people were on board, killing four people. Those killed were members of the Palmas Futebol e Regatas association football team members, the club's owner and the plane's pilot. The plane was en route to a regional cup football game between Palmas and Vila Nova, for the Brazilian Copa Verde championship.

Deaths
The victims of the crash were identified:
 Marcus Molinari
 Guilherme Noe
 Lucas Praxedes
 Ranule
 Lucas Meira
 Commander Wagner

References

2021 disasters
2021 in Brazil
Aviation disasters in the 2020s
2020s disasters in South America
January 2021 events
Steven T. Kuykendall (January 27, 1947 – January 23, 2021) was an American Republican politician. Kuykendall was born in McAlester, Oklahoma.

Kuykendall was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from  from 1999 to 2001. Kuykendall was also a member of the California State Assembly from 1994 to 1998.

Kuykendall died of pulmonary fibrosis on January 23, 2021, in Long Beach, California at age 73.

References

Other websites

Official site
CNN candidate profile
Voting record maintained by The Washington Post

1947 births
2021 deaths
American Presbyterians
United States representatives from California
US Republican Party politicians
Deaths from pulmonary fibrosis
Joseph Adolph Sonnabend (6 January 1933 – 24 January 2021) was a South African physician, scientist and HIV/AIDS researcher. He was known for his research and awareness campaign about safe sex to prevent STDs and AIDS.

Sonnabend had a heart attack on 3 January 2021.  He died on 24 January at a London hospital at the age of 88.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1933 births
2021 deaths
Researchers
South African scientists
Physicians
South African writers
Patrick O'Donoghue (4 May 1934 – 24 January 2021) was an Irish Roman Catholic bishop. He was the fifth Bishop of Lancaster, who led the diocese from 2001 to 2009. He was born in Mourne Abbey, County Cork, Ireland.

O'Donoghue died on 24 January 2021 in Mallow, County Cork at the age of 86.

References

1934 births
2021 deaths
Irish people
Roman Catholic bishops
Jean-Pierre Michel (5 August 1938 – 24 January 2021) was a French politician. He was a member of the Senate of France, representing the Haute-Saône department from 2004 to 2014.  He was a member of the Socialist Party. Michel was Mayor of Héricourt, Haute-Saône from 1983 to 2004. He was born in Nîmes, France.

Michel died on 24 January 2021 in Trévenans, France at the age of 82.

References

1938 births
2021 deaths
French politicians
Mauritz Sigvard Marjasin (24 November 1929 – 24 January 2021) was a Swedish politician and trade unionist. He was chairman of the Municipal Workers' Union from 1977 to 1988. He also was the Governor of Örebro County from 1989 to 1994. 

Marjasin died of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden on 24 January 2021, aged 91.

References

1929 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden
Trade unionists
Swedish politicians
Nikolai Alekseevich Severtzov was a Russian explorer and naturalist. Severtzov studied at Moscow University. At the age of eighteen he met G.S. Karelin and took an interest in central Asia. In 1857 he joined a mission to Syr-Darya. 

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Explorers
Naturalists
Russian people
Cornish Canadians are Canadians of Cornish descent, including those who were born in Cornwall.

Ethnic groups in Canada
Peter Robert Tyler Thorburn  (19 March 1939 – 26 January 2021) was a New Zealand rugby union player and coach. He was born in Auckland. He played as a flanker. He played for Auckland until 1985. He coached North Harbour in New Zealand from 1985 to 1991. He later coached Bristol (2001–03) and later the United States national team (2006–07).

Thorburn in Takapuna on 26 January 2021. He was 81.

References

1939 births
2021 deaths
Coaches
New Zealand rugby union players
Sportspeople from Auckland
A hyperpower is a country that is more powerful than every other country in every aspect. It is more powerful than a superpower.

The United States was a hyperpower after the cold war because it was the only superpower after the collapse of the Soviet Union. It had a big influence in politics, science, culture and military. It also influenced the balance of power and made a new world order.

Some say that the United States is still a hyperpower because it is the only uncontested superpower (some say that China is/will be a superpower and some say it is/will not). 

According to the Asia Power Index 2020, the United States still has the lead on the military capacity, cultural influence, resilience and defense networks, but falls behind China in economic and future resources, economic relationships and diplomatic influence. This index ranks power and influence only in Asia Pacific.

It is easy to see areas where the United States is no longer so dominant. Its economy is weakened by manufacturing abroad; internal social conflicts are greater. However, it is still by far the top country on military capability, though not on size of its army. Perhaps the world no longer has a superpower.

Related pages 
 Great power
 Superpower

References 

Countries
Politics by issue
Thomas Sandgaard (born 1958, Denmark) is a Danish-American entrepreneur, inventor, and rock music guitarist. He founded Zynex Inc. He owns the Charlton Athletic Football Club (CAFC).

Early life 
Sandgaard was born and raised in Denmark. He won the inventor’s competition when he was 12 years old as he created an ‘early version of an electronic keyboard.’ He also built a recording studio.

Career 
Sandgaard started a business to send facsimiles via personal computers when he moved to the United States. The business failed due to a lack of funding. He then started a repairing and manufacturing business for medical devices and began selling his devices in Canada and the United States. In 1996, he founded Zynex Inc., and in 1998 his company’s first product acquired Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval.

Sandgaard also founded Sandgaard Capital, a private family office and investment firm, and Sandgaard Foundation. He also owns Clear Ocean Capital Limited. He bought Charlton Athletic Football Club from East Street Investments in September 2020 and acquired approval from the EFL to run the club.

Sandgaard is also the lead guitarist of a rock band, the Guardian Angel.

As of September 2020, he has a net worth of £400 million.

Controversy 
An ex-employee of Sandgaard’s company, Ronette Perkins, filed a civil discrimination lawsuit in 2017 on the grounds of racial discrimination. The case was resolved after a settlement was reached between Perkins and Sandgaard.

Personal life 
Sandgaard is a resident of Denver, Colorado.

References 

Inventors
Business people
Guitarists
Rock musicians
Fujifilm Holdings Corporation or Fujifilm is a Japanese company that makes cameras, video and photo film, medical equipment and biotechnology. The company also produces medical equipment, consumables for the film industry, computers (CD-R, DVD-R, etc.) and other goods. Fujifilm was in the list of the 100 most innovative world companies in 2013 according to Thomson Reuters.

Fujifilm is the world's largest manufacturer of photographic products with laboratories, factories, and offices in Asia, Europe and North America.

The president of the company is Shigetaka Kamori. The main office of the company is in Minato (Tokyo, Japan).

History 
The company started operating in 1934. Their first product was the professional 35 mm film. Two years later, in 1936, amateur film was added. In 1939, the organization established the Ashigara Research Lab. Research there helped Fuji to make their first color film in 1948.

In the mid-1950s, the company entered the magnetic media market. In 1954 Fuji created a laboratory for the research of magnetic technologies and in 1960 began making magnetic tapes. In 1963, the range was expanded with a two-inch videotape.

Fuji had a monopoly on camera film in Japan. It became one of the main sponsors of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. 

On January 31, 2018, Fujifilm announced that it would buy 50.1% of Xerox for US$6.1 billion but the plan was stopped. In late 2019, Fujifilm announced its takeover of Xerox's 25% part in Fuji Xerox.

In late 2019, Fujifilm bought Hitachi's diagnostic business for US$1.63 billion.

References 

1930s establishments in Japan
1934 establishments
Technology companies of Japan
Electronics companies of Japan
A high-definition map (HD map) is a highly accurate 3D map made for self-driving cars. These maps have details not present on traditional maps. HD maps are accurate at a centimetre level.

HD maps are created using different sensors. These sensors include LiDARs, radars, digital cameras and GPS. HD maps can also be made using aerial imagery.

High-definition maps can include things like road shape, road marking, traffic signs and barriers.

References 

Cartography
Automotive technologies
Nataliya Resh (; 27 September 1980, Nezhin, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukrainian SSR) is a Russian lawyer, television presenter, entrepreneur and philanthropist. She is the founder of the Open Culture Foundation.

Early life 

Nataliya Resh was born in Nezhin, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine.

In 1999, she entered the 3rd year of the Financial University in Rostov-on-Don, specializing in “Financier”. In 2002—2005, she received her 2nd higher education in Moscow, at the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN). She graduated with a red diploma in civil law.

In 2007, Nataliya entered the Moscow State Art and Culture University, in “Faculty of General Arts Branding and Psychology”. She graduated with a red diploma, having received the specialization “Image-maker-Psychologist”.

In 2008, Nataliya Resh completed an intensive course at the Institute for Continuing Education for Media Broadcasting in Moscow. She qualified as a “TV and radio host”.

Foundation 

In 2014, the Open Culture Foundation was founded and registered in the United Kingdom by Nataliya Resh. The foundation's positioning is based on the idea of supporting and popularizing projects in the field of culture and art. Art also highlights the world's current issues, including environmental protection. Nataliya Resh takes an active position in helping the environment and promoting ecophilosophy in her projects and everyday tasks.

The Open Culture Foundation participated in the preparation of a major exhibition of Young British Artists in the framework of cultural exchange between the United Kingdom and Russia, he was a Member of the Board of the Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, he was a Member of Council at the Institute of Contemporary Art, and provided general support for the draft International film festival for people with peculiarities of mental and motor vehicles.

In September 2014, he participated in the Internatinal Film Festival on Disabilities, Cannes.

In 2015—present, the foundation works with the Better World Forum.

In September 2019, he held events at the climate change summit in New York. In September 2020, he was a partner at a charity event at the Venice Film Festival and Better World Forum.

References

Other websites 
 

Living people
1980 births