cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Hatzegopteryx ("Hațeg basin wing") is a genus of azhdarchid pterosaur. It was found in Transylvania, Romania. It is known only from the type species, Hatzegopteryx thambema, named in 2002 based on parts of the skull and humerus. Additional fossils, including a neck vertebra, were included later. The largest of these remains shows that the Hatzegopteryx was one of the biggest pterosaurs, with an estimated wingspan of .

It is unusual because it had a very wide skull with large muscular attachments. The bones had a soft internal texture instead of being hollow. it had a short, robust, and heavily muscled neck  long. This short neck was about half the length of other azhdarchids. The neck could withstand strong bending forces. Hatzegopteryx lived on Hațeg Island, an island in the Cretaceous subtropics within the prehistoric Tethys Sea. It was probably the apex predator of Hațeg Island, tackling larger prey (including dwarf titanosaurs and iguanodontians) than other azhdarchids.

References

Pterosaurs
Animals of Europe
The French Football Federation (FFF) () is the governing body of football in France. It also is the governing body of football in Monaco. It was formed in 1919. It is based in Paris, which is the capital of France. The FFF was a founding member of FIFA.

References

Other websites
Official site 
 France  at FIFA site
 France at UEFA site

1919 establishments in France
Football organizations
Football in France
E-flat major (or the key of E-flat) is a major scale based on E♭, with the pitches E♭, F, G, A♭, B♭, C, and D. Its key signature has three flats: B, E, and A. Its relative minor is C minor, while its parallel minor is E♭ minor (or enharmonically D♯ minor).

Musical keys
Day Without Art also written as Day With(out) Art (short: DWA) is an annual event where art museums and other organizations organize programs related to AIDS, people who have died, and to inspire positive action.

History 
Day Without Art began started in 1989. It was response to the AIDS crisis as many artists also died of AIDS. The day coincides with World AIDS Day, which began the year before.

800 U.S. art and AIDS groups participated in the first Day Without Art. Museums were sending staff to volunteer at AIDS services, or sponsoring special exhibitions of work about AIDS. Day With(out) Art grew in collaborations to estimated 8,000 national and international museums, galleries, art centers, AIDS service organizations, libraries, high schools and colleges take part.

New York group called "Visual AIDS" (now NGO), initiated public actions and programs, published an annual poster and copyright-free broadsides, and acted as press coordinator and clearing house for projects for Day Without Art/World AIDS Day. Day With(out) Art highlights art projects by artists living with HIV/AIDS, and art about AIDS, that were taking place around the world.

In 2014, the Los Angeles art collective, My Barbarian, staged a video performance in remembrance of Pedro Zamora, inspired by the queer theorist, José Esteban Muñoz's theory of counterpublicity.

In 2020, due to pandemic VisualAIDS organized online programming featuring commissioned diverse video works from different parts of the world and talks to authors. Programing was done in multiple languages and done both in in NYC and around the world at different times in different timezones with different partner organizations.

References

Other websites
 VisualAIDS.org: official Day Without Art website
 http://www.thebody.com/visualaids/dwa/dwa2006.html
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080908013708/http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmag/bk_issue/2005/winter/feature3.html

HIV/AIDS activism
LGBT arts organizations
The Zazas (also known as Dimili, Kirmanc or Kird) are an ethnic group living in eastern Turkey. Their homeland consists of Tunceli and Bingöl provinces and parts of Elazığ, Erzincan and Diyarbakır provinces.
They speak Zazaki.

Zaza
Two Years Before the Mast is a 1946 American adventure movie directed by John Farrow and was based on the 1840 memoir of the same name by Richard Henry Dana Jr.. It stars Alan Ladd, Brian Donlevy, William Bendix, Barry Fitzgerald, Albert Dekker, Howard Da Silva, Darryl Hickman, Roman Bohnen and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

Other websites

 

1946 movies
1940s adventure movies
American adventure movies
Movies directed by John Farrow
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies set in the 19th century
Sheila Mary Nelson (5 March 1936 – 16 November 2020) was an English musician, music educator, writer and composer. She had played with the English Chamber Orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and the Menuhin Festival Orchestra.

She was best known as a violin and viola teacher. 

Nelson was co-author of the Essential String Method series and author/composer of many other music instruction books, published by Boosey & Hawkes. 

She was an Honorary Member of the Royal Academy of Music (Hon RAM).

Nelson died on 16 November 2020 from Alzheimer's disease.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
English composers
Educators
Musicians from London
Writers from London
Claire Boudreau,  (1965 – 18 November 2020) was a Canadian historian, genealogist, and officer of arms. She was a herald in the Canadian Heraldic Authority from 17 March 1997 until 20 May 2020.

On May 20, 2020, Boudreau was appointed Margaree-Chéticamp herald emeritus and succeeded as Chief Herald of Canada by Samy Khalid.

On 18 November 2020, she died from cancer at the age of 55.

References

1965 births
2020 deaths
Canadian historians
Cancer deaths in Canada
Camilla Dolores Wicks (August 9, 1928 – November 25, 2020) was an American violinist. She was one of the first female violinists to create a major international career. Her performing career included solo appearances with leading European and American symphony orchestras including the New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra and Chicago Symphony Orchestra.

Wicks died on November 25, 2020 at the age of 92.

References

1928 births
2020 deaths
American violinists
Musicians from California
People from Long Beach, California
George Holmes Carley (September 24, 1938 – November 26, 2020) was an American lawyer and judge. He was born in Jackson, Mississippi. Carley was on the Supreme Court of Georgia from March 1993 until July 2012. He also was acting as Chief Justice for the last two months of his term.

On November 26, 2020, Carley died of COVID-19 in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 82.

References

1938 births
2020 deaths
Lawyers from Georgia (U.S. state)
American judges
People from Jackson, Mississippi
People from Decatur, Georgia
Politicians from Mississippi
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
US Democratic Party politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Lawyers from Mississippi
Alfonso Milián Sorribas (15 January 1939 – 26 November 2020) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in La Cuba, Spain. He became a priest in 1962.

He was titular bishop of Diana and as Auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zaragoza, Spain, from 2000 to 2004 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Barbastro-Monzón, Spain, from 2004 to 2014.

Milián Sorribas died on 26 November 2020 in Zaragoza, Spain at the age of 81.

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
Spanish Roman Catholics
Roman Catholic bishops
Kevin Lobdell Burnham (December 21, 1956 – November 27, 2020) was an American two-time Olympic medalist and was a sailor. He won the silver medal at the 1992. He won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Burnham was born in New York City.

Burnham died on November 27, 2020 from problems caused by lung disease, aged 63.

References

1956 births
2020 deaths
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
Sailors
Sportspeople from New York City
Tony Hsieh ( ; ; December 12, 1973 – November 27, 2020) was an American businessman and venture capitalist. He retired as the CEO of the online shoe and clothing company Zappos in August 2020. He became CEO in 1999. 

Hsieh co-founded the Internet advertising network LinkExchange, which he sold to Microsoft in 1998 for $265 million. He was born in Illinois, but raised in San Francisco, California and Las Vegas, Nevada.

On November 18, 2020, Hsieh was injured in a house fire in New London, Connecticut while visiting family for Thanksgiving. He was trapped in the basement during the fire. He died a week later on November 27 at a Bridgeport hospital from his injuries, aged 46.

References

1973 births
2020 deaths
American chief executives
Businesspeople from Illinois
Businesspeople from San Francisco
Businesspeople from Las Vegas, Nevada
Deaths from fire
Accidental deaths in the United States
Writers from Illinois
Writers from Las Vegas, Nevada
Mohsen Fakhrizadeh Mahabadi (; 195827 November 2020) was an Iranian nuclear physicist. He was a professor of physics at Imam Hussein University in Tehran.

Career
He also was a brigadier general in the Iranian Revolutionary Guard, senior scientist in the Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics and the former head of the Physics Research Center (PHRC) at Lavizan-Shian.

Fakhrizadeh was believed by many countries as being in charge of Iran's nuclear programme, Project 111, which tried to help the country create a nuclear bomb.

Murder
On 27 November 2020, Fakhrizadeh was assassinated while traveling in a car near Tehran. The attack began when a truck carrying explosives hidden under a load of wood exploded near Fakhrizadeh's car. A second car was destroyed with a bomb.

More readings

References

1958 births
2020 deaths
Assassinated people
Murders by firearm
Iranian military people
Physicists
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) ( or Sepâh for short) is a branch of the Iranian Armed Forces. It was founded after the Iranian Revolution on 22 April 1979 by order of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

References

Iran
The Higher School of Mechanics of the Navy (in Spanish, Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada, commonly known by its acronym ESMA), was originally an educational facility of the Argentine Navy. It was used as an illegal, secret detention center during the Dirty War of military dictatorship.

References

Buildings and structures in Argentina
The Australian Cattle Dog, or simply referred to as Cattle Dog, is a herding dog, and, as the name suggests, originates from Australia.

The Australian Cattle Dog is an extremely intelligent, active and sturdy dog breed. Developed by Australian settlers for handling herds of cattle, (also suggested by the name), they are still used today as a herding dog. They thrive on having a job to do, and being part of family activities.

References 

Dog breeds
The National Library (Polish: Biblioteka Narodowa) is the central Polish library. It is managed by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland. 

The library collects books, journals, electronic and audiovisual publications published in the territory of Poland. It also collects materials related with polish culture published abroad. It is the most important humanities research library. It is also the main archive of Polish writing and the state centre of bibliographic information about books. The role of gathered collections is great in case of any scientific activity. It is an important methodological center for other Polish libraries. Copy of every book published in Poland is placed in this library.

Organizational structure 
There are three general sections:

 The Library
 The Bibliographic Institute of the National Library
 The Book and Readership Institute

History 
The national library of Poland was created in 18th century. Initially, it was called the Załuski Library. First resources of library were the collections of John III Sobieski. Later, this collection was confiscated by Russian troops and placed in Imperial Public Library. 

When Poland regained her independence in 1918, there was no central institution to serve in the capacity of a national library. Recreation of National Library of Poland was made on 24 February 1928, by the decree of president Ignacy Mościcki. It was opened in 1930 and initially had 200 thousand volumes. Its first Director General was Stefan Demby. In 1934, the Director has been changed. Stefan Vrtel-Wierczyński became the new Director.

Collections 
Today the collections of the National Library are one of the largest in the country. There are 7,900,000 volumes (2004) held in the library in total.  Among them, there are 160,000 objects printed before 1801, over 26,000 manuscripts (including 6,887 music manuscripts), over 114,000 music prints and 400,000 drawings. The library collections also include photographs and other iconographic documents, more than 101,000 atlases and maps, over 2,000,000 ephemera, as well as over 2,000,000 books and about 800,000 copies of journals from the 19th to 21st centuries. Notable items in the collection include 151 leaves of the Codex Suprasliensis, which was included in UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme Register in 2007 because of its popularity, meaning and prestige in Poland and other countries.

In 2012 the library signed an agreement to add 1.3 million Polish library records to WorldCat.

1920s establishments in Poland
1928 establishments in Europe
Poland
Buildings and structures in Poland
Warsaw
Channel 13 (known by its current brand name El Trece, stylized as eltrece) is an Argentine free-to-air television network. It is also the main station of the network of the same name. It is located in the capital of Argentina, Buenos Aires. It is owned by Grupo Clarín.

Special Events

Since 1994, the chain has carried out, together with UNICEF, the program un sol para los chicos (A sun for chidrens), dedicated exclusively to the donation of money for this institution, by companies and viewers.  The latter are encouraged through telephone games with famous people and raffles.  The program has several hosts throughout the transmission and most of the network's figures also participate;  it is issued every year, on Children's Day, generally lasting 9 hours.  During the program, concerts are held for the same purpose of raising funds.

Studies

The canal has its major studios and central control in the Constitución neighborhood, in front of the interchange junction of Autopista 25 de Mayo and Avenida 9 de Julio, in the City of Buenos Aires.  They are accessed through Calle Lima 1261 and Calle Cochabamba 1153. Not all programs are carried out in these facilities, since some - mainly fictions - are carried out in the studios of the associated production companies.

References

Television networks
Argentina
EGOT, an acronym for the Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Awards, is the honor given to people who have won all four awards.  These awards honor good performances in television, recording, movie, and theatre.

EGOT is seen as one of the highest achievements any person in the Hollywood industry can get. 

, sixteen people are EGOTS.

List of EGOTS

Notes:

The artist also subsequently won one or more additional competitive awards.
The artist also received one or more honorary or non-competitive awards.
The artist also earned the Triple Crown of Acting, with singular (non-group/ensemble/company) acting wins in the Emmy, Oscar and Tony awards.
The artist has won a Daytime Emmy Award, not a Primetime Emmy Award.
The artist was awarded posthumously.
The artist has subsequently achieved multiple EGOTs.
Legend, Lloyd Webber, and Rice achieved their EGOTs simultaneously with their shared Emmy Award for producing Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert

PEGOT 
A PEGOT winner is someone who has won all four EGOT awards as well as a Peabody Award or Pulitzer Prize.

EGOT winners who have also won a Peabody Award:
 Barbra Streisand
 Mike Nichols
 Rita Moreno

EGOT winners who have also won a Pulitzer Prize:
 Richard Rodgers
 Marvin Hamlisch

Note:

References

Other websites
 Official website of the Emmy Awards
 Official website of the Grammy Awards
 Official website of the Academy Awards
 Official website of the Tony Awards
 Official website of the Peabody Awards
Official website of the Pulitzer Price

Emmy Awards
Grammy Awards
Academy Awards
Tony Awards
Scott Rudin (born July 14, 1958) is an American movie, television and theater producer. 

His movies produced include the Academy Award-winning Best Picture No Country for Old Men, as well as Lady Bird, Fences, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Social Network, School of Rock, Zoolander, The Truman Show, The First Wives Club, Clueless, The Addams Family, and eight Wes Anderson movies. 

On Broadway, he has won seventeen Tony Awards for shows such as The Book of Mormon, Hello, Dolly!, The Humans, A View from the Bridge, Fences, and Passion. 

In 2012, Rudin became one of the few people who have won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award, and the first producer to do so.

References

1958 births
Living people
Theatre producers
American television producers
Movie producers from New York City
Academy Award winners
Tony Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Emmy Award winners
Piriyadha Varam Vendum () ( Want a boon to not separated) is a 2019-2020 Indian Tamil-language supernatural drama which aired on Zee Tamil. It starring Vimal Venkatesan in the lead with Madhumitha H and Priyanka Shivanna are the female leads. While Mamilla Shailaja Priya in a pivotal role.

This series started from 17 June 2019 and ended on 1 August 2020.  The story is about A king is torn apart from his lover when his mother murders her to get him married to her niece. However, they are all reborn, which gives the king and his lady-love a second chance to unite.

Synopsis
A queen named Chitra is seen killing Amaravati, a peasant girl, so that her son, who was in love with her, cannot marry her. The queen did not approve the relationship, as the girl was poor and not of the same caste as the boy. The queen wants to get her son married to her niece Mithrasena. The niece helps the queen in eliminating Amaravati. So they killed Amaravati and the King. 

Now after a millon of years, they all are reborn, which they get a second chance to get unite. Will the king and Amaravati will get unite or not forms rest of the story.

Cast
 Vimal Venkatesan as Rishi
 Madhumitha H as Durga / Amaravathi
 Priyanka Shivanna as Madhu / Mithrasena
 Mamilla Shailaja Priya as Chitradevi: Rishi's mother 
 Akhila Krishnan as Aparna: Rishi's elder sister 
 Duraimani as Sundarapandi: Rishi's elder brother-in-law; Aparna's husband
 Akshara as Kaveri: Sundarapandi's younger sister 
 Andrew Jesudoss as Ruthraiyya
 Dhekshitha Jaganathan as Durga's sister (2019)

Production
This series was setup with 17,500 sq.feet of palace with 2 crore of budget.

International broadcast
The series was released on 17 June 2019 on Zee Tamil. The show was also broadcast internationally on the network's international channels.
 It airs in Sri Lanka, Singapore, the United States, Europe, Malaysia, Mauritius, the Middle East, Africa, East Asia, South Africa, Australasia and North America on Zee Tamil and Zee Tamil HD. 
 Episodes can be viewed with the app OZEE and ZEE5.
 It is also available via Internet TV services Lebara and YuppTV.

References

Other websites
 Zee Tamizh Official website

Indian television series
Tamil-language television series
Irene Bedard (born July 22, 1967) is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for the role of Suzy Song in the 1998 movie Smoke Signals and for voicing the main character in the 1995 animated Disney movie Pocahontas.

She was chosen in 1995 as one of People magazine's '50 Most Beautiful People'.

References

1967 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Alaska
People from Anchorage, Alaska
Native American people
Models from Alaska
Maria Piechotka (12 July 1920 – 28 November 2020) was a Polish politician and architect. She was a member of the Sejm from 1961 to 1965, representing the Warsaw district of Wola. She was a liaison officer during the Warsaw Uprising. Piechotka was born in Kraków, Poland. 

Piechotka died on 28 November 2020 in Warsaw at the age of 100.

References

1920 births
2020 deaths
Architects
People from Kraków
Politicians from Warsaw
Centenarians
Dutch Canadians are Canadians with full or partial Dutch ancestry.

Ethnic groups in Canada
Irish Canadians are Canadian citizens who have full or partial Irish heritage including descendants who trace their ancestry to immigrants who originated in Ireland.

Ethnic groups in Canada
The Belarusian Association of Journalists (BAJ) ( Biełaruskaja Asacyjacyja Žurnalistaǔ) is a non-governmental organisation of journalists in Belarus. To have freedom of speech and rights of receiving and distributing information are its desire. It was made in 1995. BAJ is a friend of the International Federation of Journalists, the European Federation of Journalists, and Reporters Without Borders. It got the European Parliament's Sakharov Prize in 2004. It got  in 2021.

References

Other websites
 Official Website

Belarus
1995 establishments in Europe
Organizations based in Europe
Journalism
Free Media Award winners
The history of the Jews in Canada is the history of Canadian citizens who follow Judaism as their religion and/or are ethnically Jewish. Jewish Canadians are a part of the greater Jewish diaspora and form the fourth largest Jewish community in the world, exceeded only by those in Israel, the United States, and France. As of 2011, Statistics Canada listed 329,500 followers of the Jewish religion in Canada and 309,650 who claimed Jewish as an ethnicity. One does not necessarily include the other and studies which have attempted to combine the two numbers have arrived at figures above 375,000 Jews in Canada. This total would be approximately 1.1% of the Canadian population.

The Jewish community in Canada is composed mainly of Ashkenazi Jews and their descendants. Several other major Jewish ethnic divisions are also represented. These include Sephardi Jews, Mizrahi Jews, and Bene Israel from India, besides converts to Judaism. The Canadian community has all four of the main modern denominations of Judaism. Many religious and cultural customs are observed.

Though they are a small minority of the total Canadian population, Jews have been present in the country since the first Jewish immigrants arrived with Governor Edward Cornwallis to establish Halifax, Nova Scotia (1749).

References
The elu system () is based on a set of linguistic proposals created with the purpose of preparing the Portuguese language with a neuter grammatical gender. The most prominent proposal is the personal neopronouns elu, delu, nelu, and daquelu, intended to be a proposal for how to refer to non-binary people (whose gender identity is not male or female) or whose gender is unknown, or irrelevant, as well as groups with different genders, without resorting to the "generic masculine". These proposals can be used by and for anyone, regardless of gender.

The pronoun elu tries to present the least number of problems in its use when trying to function smoothly in oral speech, listening, writing and visual identification, creating similarity between ela ("she"), ele ("he"), and elu (functionally similar to singular they).

Nouns in Portuguese all have grammatical gender, and this gender impacts some grammatical inflections. Grammatical gender is different from personal gender identity―rather, words referring to a generic individual with unknown gender identity still carries grammatical gender. For example, the word pessoa ("person") is grammatically feminine, but indicates no specific gender of the person referred to. The gender inflection appears explicitly when in the context of an inflectied adjective. With the feminine nouns such as cidade ("city"; plural cidades), the adjective meaning "beautiful" (currently written generically as belo in dictionaries) would become cidade bela, cidades belas ("beautiful city/cities"). Likewise, this works with a masculine noun such as carro ("car"; plural carros): carro belo, carros belos ("beautiful car/cars").

The Portuguese language as a rule determines that the plural of nouns, when covering individuals of the feminine and masculine gender, is made based on the generic masculine: a collective of vinte alunas ("twenty female students") and dez alunos ("ten male students"), is said as trinta alunos ("thirty students"). This form of plural formation is considered sexist by certain groups and individuals, resulting in proposals for a neutral gender to be adopted, such as "thirty children" (trinta menines).

A similar known neopronoun in Portuguese is ile, also called sistema ile ("ile system"), was popularized in 2020. The systems happen to be same when applying neolanguage beyond pronouns, they use ⟨-e⟩ suffixes.

References

Other websites 
Guide to “Gender Neutral Language” (PT-BR)
“X” e o “@” are not a solution: Elu System | Gender-Neutral Language
Non-binary or neutral language

Pronouns
Gender
Language
Even Worse is the Fifth album by Weird Al, released in 1988, which helped to revitalize his career after the failure of "Polka Party".
The album was a success.

1988 albums
"Weird Al" Yankovic
The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild is an adventure game created by Nintendo EPD and Monolith Soft. It was published by Nintendo for Nintendo Switch and Wii U. It is one of the newest games for The Legend of Zelda series. It was released on March 3, 2017. On April 25, 2019, Nintendo added a new feature that makes the game playable in virtual reality, using Nintendo Labo.

Plot 
According to legend, when Ganon returns the chosen hero, Link, and the royal princess, Zelda, defeat him. Ten thousand years ago, a group of people called the Sheikah created technologies for defeating Ganon, called Guardians and Divine Beasts. Once Ganon had been destroyed, the king prohibited this technology, because he thought that Sheikah technology could be used in the future to attack the kingdom. Because of this, the Sheikah split into the Yiga, murderers who followed Ganon and the Sheikah who were still loyal, who went into hiding. 

About a hundred years from the present, Ganon returns. The new king tried to use the Sheikah technology again to defeat Ganon. However, Ganon already controlled Sheikah technology and he used this to attack the kingdom. As a consequence, Link and princess Zelda were defeated by Sheikah technology. Link had to recover for a hundred years and when he woke up in the Shrine of Resurrection, and the game starts. He now has to return in search of Zelda to help her destroy Ganon with the help of clues Zelda left along the way.

Gameplay 
You can play this Zelda game on Wii U, Nintendo Switch and Nintendo Switch Oled. It is an open world game and it has a very big map. There are principal missions which are related to the plot; and the secondary missions, for completing the game. For the graphics they use cel-shading.

Development 
They started developing the game in 2013 and launched it in 2017. It took a long time because of all the details they added to it. They used new ideas from young developers which made it more original and refreshing. It was a pioneering game and it broke the conventions of the saga.

An interesting feature of the game is that it is interactive and the characters can respond to you differently depending on what you are wearing. For example, if you are wearing something metallic in a storm, lightning can strike you and kill you. 

It has been extremely successful around the world since it was first published. It has sold around 20 million copies worldwide.

References 

2017 video games
Breath of the Wild
Nintendo video games
Nintendo Switch games
Wii U games
Video games developed in Japan
Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymeric networks filled with water. The water content can reach as high as 90-99% depending on the polymer concentration. It contains polymers that are attracted to water, they swell and hold large amounts of water while maintaining their structure due to chemical or physical cross-linking of individual polymer chains. The physical cross-linked hydrogels are easily pulled and relaxed, like a rubber band. The chemically cross-linked hydrogels avoid deformation. The behaviour of hydrogels is typically viscoelastic which is associated with the water and the movement of polymer networks in fluids. Similar to other polymers, there are natural and man-made hydrogels. The man-made hydrogels are also known as synthetic, this allows the hydrogels to have a longer service life, hold more water, and have greater strength. 

There are many types of hydrogels. The most common ones are pH-sensitive hydrogels, which respond to pH changes in the environment. Temperature-sensitive hydrogels, which are affected by how hot or cold the environment is. Electro-sensitive hydrogels, which either shrink or expand when an electric field is applied. Lastly, the light-responsive hydrogels respond to light. 

In many ways hydrogels are similar to our bodies because the human body is made out of mainly water and matrix materials that are surrounded by cells. This is why hydrogels can be used in tissue engineering. Hydrogels are filled with water so they mimic tissue environments, this means they are optimal to deliver cells and repair damaged tissue.

Polymers
The Italian tree frog (Hyla intermedia) is a frog from Italy.

This frog is green in color with stripes down its sides.

References

Animals of Europe
Frogs
Electrowinning is a manufacturing process for making metals from a solution containing dissolved metal. The process involves passing an electrical current from an inert electrode through the solution containing the metal, to plate the metal to another electrode. Also called electroplating, it is a common process for producing metals like copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc, aluminum, and gold among others. Electrowinning is one of the last processes in metal production. It commonly follows leaching which is a process that dissolves minerals into a solution.

Process 
The electrical current is passed from the inert electrode, called the anode, and passes through the metal containing solution, called the electrolyte, and the metal is plated on another electrode, called the cathode. The ability to plate a metal depends on the reduction potential. The reduction potential depends on the many factors such as the metal in question, the solution temperature, the pH of the solution and other factors. The rate at which the metal can be produced depends on the amount of current being passed through the solution.

Industry 
Industrially the process is made up of a square cathode with equal sized anodes on each side so that the metal can be plated evenly on both sides of the cathode. A cell consists of alternating anodes and cathodes, starting and ending with anodes. A production plant consists of many cells allowing for production of lots of metal.

Chemical processes
Metallurgy
The Asia Pacific Democrat Union (APDU), is in international political centre-right, right group of political parties in the Asia Pacific Region. This union is tied and related to the International Democrat Union that is based in Munich ,Germany, the (APDU) Is labelled as a regional union on the International Democrat Union (IDU) Website.

The Asia Pacific Democrat Union aims to provide a place in which political parties that have similar beliefs can exchange there views on matters of policy and interest so that ideas can be shared between party's so that centre-right ideals can be spread and be encouraged all over the world.

This Union currently has 15 members, ranging from Bangladesh to El Salvador, the current chairperson is Ranil Wickramasinghe the former Sri Lankan Prime Minister Serving in this position since 2016. Tenzin Dargyalb Khangsar   (Canada) From Tibet serves as vice chairman of the union making him the first person of Tibetan ancestry to represent the organisation.  This lead to Controversy with China disagreeing with this Choice due to Tenzin Dargyalb Khangsar  (Canada) previously denouncing China's claims on Tibet. BNP secretary general Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir (India) has also been chosen as vice chairman and Hassan Latheef (Maldives).

The Asia Pacific Democrat Union (APDU), does not have a separate website but you can email, and there party address currently is Sirikotha 400 Kotte Road, Pita Kotte Sri Jayawardenepura, Sri Lanka witch is also the headquarters of the United National Party (UNP).

Current  party members and affiliates include a range of party in government and opposition including the Liberal party of Australia, The Republican Party of the United States and even the Kuomintang in Republic of China (Taiwan). A full list of party members can be found Bellow.

External links[edit] 
 APDU at the UDI site since deleted as seen from June 17, 2010
 Current IDU site
 Story about Tenzin Dargyal Khangsar serving as vice chairman.
 BNP gets Asia Pacific Democrat Union’s full membership
 The US and Australian Alliance in the Asia Pacific, January 31, 2014 (Video)
 Asia Pacific Democrat Union, Campaign Managers’ Meeting 2019
 Hassan Latheef elected as Vice Chairman of APDU
 Asia Pacific Democrat Union Audio explanation for the Blind

References 

International organizations
Conservatism
Emperor Kôtoku was the 36th emperor of Japan according to the traditional counting.  He was also called "Taika," for "Great Change."  He ruled from 645 AD - 654 AD. He made the Taika Reforms, which changed parts of Tang dynasty ways of thinking about politics, running the government, and doing rituals for the Japanese court.

Before he was the Emperor, he was called Prince Karu. He became emperor in 645 AD after his sister, Empress Kôgyoku, abdicated in his favor.  That means she quit being Empress and gave Karu the throne.  Some historians say that Empress Kôgyoku's son, Prince Naka no Oe, asked her to abdicate.  Prince Naka no Oe who would later become Emperor Tenji.

With the Taika Reforms, Kôtoku changed the way court officers wore clothes in 647. People of different rank (level of importance) wore different clothes. Kôtoku also said that the government had a monopoly on mined iron ore, meaning that no one else was allowed to mine iron ore. Before that, the Wakebe clan had mined iron ore.

After Kôtoku died in 654, Kôgyoku became the Empress again, but this time she was called Empress Saimei.

References

Emperors of Japan
The Actress is a 1953 American comedy-drama movie directed by George Cukor and was based on the play Years Ago by Ruth Gordon. It stars Spencer Tracy, Jean Simmons, Teresa Wright, Anthony Perkins. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1954.

Other websites
 
 
 

1953 comedy movies
1953 drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by George Cukor
Vinicio Bernardini (16 July 1926 – 23 November 2020) was an Italian politician and businessman. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. Bernardini was a member of Italian Communist Party from 1976 until 1983. He was also Mayor of Pisa in 1971 and again from 1983 to 1985. Bernardini was born in Pisa.

Bernardini died on 23 November 2020 from COVID-19 in Pisa at the age of 94.

References

1926 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Italian politicians
Italian businesspeople
Communists
People from Pisa
Paul Nyman (3 March 1929 – 25 November 2020) was a Russian-born Finnish cyclist. He won the Finnish national road race title in 1955, 1956 and 1958. He also competed at the 1952, 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympics.

He started in Peace Race four times: 1954 -did not finish, 1955 - 12., 1956 - 4. (this was the best result of a Finnish rider in this race), 1957 - 22. He was born in Vyborg, Russia.

Nyman died on 25 November 2020 in Helsinki, Finland at the age of 91.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
Russian sportspeople
Finnish Olympians
Cyclists
Vladimir Vasilev Ivanov (, 23 April 1955 – 26 November 2020) was a Bulgarian sprinter. He was born in Sofia. He competed in 400 metres at the 1980 European Indoor Championships. At the 1980 Olympics he finished sixth.

Ivanov died from COVID-19-related problems in Sofia, Bulgaria on 26 November 2020, aged 65.

References

1955 births
2020 deaths
Bulgarian sportspeople
Male athletes
Olympians
Sprinters
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria
Eugene S. "Gene" Fraise (May 7, 1932 – November 27, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Iowa Senate from the 46th district from 1986 until 2013. He was born in West Point, Iowa. Fraise was a member of the Democratic Party.

Fraise died of COVID-19 on November 27, 2020, in West Burlington, Iowa at age 88.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Iowa
US Democratic Party politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Madieng Khary Dieng (21 November 1932 – 27 November 2020) was a Senegalese politician. He was a member of the Socialist Party. He was a government minister several times during Abdou Diouf's presidency. Dieng was Minister of the Interior from 1991 to 1993. He also was an Ambassador to The Gambia from 1996 to 1998

Dieng was born in Coki, Senegal. He died on 27 November 2020 in Rabat, Morocco at the age of 88.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Senegalese politicians
Civil servants
Ambassadors
Hakam Umar As‘ad Balawi (Arabic: حكم بلعاوي; 1938 – November 2020) was a Palestinian politician and writer. He was an Ambassador to Libya and Tunisia from 1973 to 1975 and from 1983 to 1984. He also was the Interior Minister from 2003 to 2005 during the Yasser Arafat cabinet.

Balawi was born in Bal'a, British Mandate of Palestine. He died on 28 November 2020 at the age of 82.

References

1938 births
2020 deaths
Palestinian politicians
Novelists
Playwrights
Ambassadors
Jan Kilian (27 December 1953 – 28 November 2020) was a Polish politician and businessman. He was a member of the Law and Justice. Kilian was born in Starogard Gdański, Poland. He was a member of the Sejm from 2015 until 2019.

Kilian died on 28 November 2020 at the age of 66.

References

1953 births
2020 deaths
Polish businesspeople
Polish politicians
Starogard Gdański (; until 1950 Starogard, meaning "the old stronghold"; Pomeranian/; ) is a town in Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland with 48,328 people living here in 2004.

References

Towns in Poland
John Kilian also ,  (March 22, 1811 – September 12, 1884), sometimes known as Jan Kilian, was a German-American Lutheran pastor. He was the leader of the colony known as the Wends of Texas.

References

1811 births
1884 deaths
German Lutherans
American Lutherans
Writers from Texas
Vítor Manuel Oliveira (17 November 195328 November 2020) was a Portuguese football midfielder and manager. His manager career lasted from 1979 until his death. He won 11 promotions to the Primeira Liga, six as champion. He was born in Matosinhos, Portugal. As a player, he made the most appearances for Leixões from 1972 to 1975 and for Portimonense from 1983 to 1985.

Oliveira died on 28 November 2020 in Matosinhos from a heart attack at the age of 67.

References

1953 births
2020 deaths
Portuguese footballers
Portuguese football managers
Sports commentators
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Matosinhos () is a city and a municipality in the northern Porto district of Portugal. It bordered in the south by the city of Porto (8 km from the city centre). The population in 2011 was 175,478.

References

Municipalities of Portugal
Cities in Portugal
Jean-Louis Servan-Schreiber (31 October 1937 – 28 November 2020) was a French journalist and human rights activist. He was the co-founder of L'Expansion and the founder of Psychologies and Radio Classique. He was the author of several books. He was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France. He was a member of the Human Rights Watch from 2007 until his death.

Servan-Schreiber died on 28 November 2020 in Paris of COVID-19, aged 83.

References

2020 deaths
1937 births
French journalists
Human rights activists
French Jews
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France
Sahibzada Farooq Ali (5 September 1931 – 29 November 2020) was a Pakistani politician. He was the ninth Speaker of National Assembly of Pakistan from 9 August 1973 to 27 March 1977. He was born in Ghakhar Mandi, British Raj. Ali was a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party. He was a member of the assembly from 1972 to 1977.

Ali died on 29 November 2020 in Multan, Pakistan at the age of 89.

References

Speakers of the National Assembly of Pakistan
1931 births
2020 deaths
Asad Qaiser (; born 15 November 1969) is a Pakistani politician. He is the current Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan, in office since August 2018. He has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, since August 2018. 

In April 2020, Qaiser tested positive for COVID-19 during the coronavirus pandemic in Pakistan.

References

Living people
1969 births
Speakers of the National Assembly of Pakistan
Chaudhry Amir Hussain (born 22 June 1942) is a Pakistani politician. He was the 17th Speaker of National Assembly of Pakistan from 2002 to 2008.

Hussain lost his re-election to the parliament in the February 2008 election.

References

Living people
Speakers of the National Assembly of Pakistan
1942 births
Gohar Ayub Khan (; born 15 January 1937) is a Pakistani politician, businessman and retired army officer. He was a member of the Pakistan Muslim League. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs during the administration of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif from 1997 to 1998.

Khan was also the 14th Speaker of the National Assembly from 1990 to 1993.

References

Other websites
 Universal Insurance: Board of Directors 

1937 births
Living people
Speakers of the National Assembly of Pakistan
Pakistani military people
Pakistani businesspeople
Muhammad Mian Soomro Sindhi: محمد میاں سومرو; born 19 August 1950) is a Pakistanii politician and a banker. He was the Chairman of the Senate from 2003 to 2009. He also was the caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2007 to 2008 and the acting President of Pakistan from 18 August 2008 to 9 September 2008.

References

1950 births
Living people
Chairmen of the Senate of Pakistan
Pakistani businesspeople
Mian Raza Rabbani (Urdu:; born 23 July 1953) is a Pakistani politician who served as the 7th Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan from March 2015 to March 2018.

References

1953 births
Living people
Chairmen of the Senate of Pakistan
Muhammad Sadiq Sanjrani (; born 14 April 1978) is a Pakistani politician. He is the 8th and current Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan. He took his oath of office as Member and Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan on 12 March 2018.

References

Living people
1978 births
Chairmen of the Senate of Pakistan
Vladimir Yevgenyevich Fortov (; 23 January 1946 – 29 November 2020) was a Russian physicist. He was director of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures from 1992 to 2013. He was president of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 2013 to 2017. In 1991, he became a member of the academy. 

He was known for his research in thermal physics, shock waves and plasma physics.

Fortov died on 29 November 2020 in Moscow from COVID-19 at the age of 74.

References

1946 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia
Russian physicists
Researchers
Ioannis Tassias (1 October 1958 – 15 November 2020) was a Greek Orthodox bishop. He was the Metropolitan of Langadas as Ioannis of Langada from 2010 until his death in 2020. He was born in Thessaloniki, Greece.

On 13 November 2020, Tassias was hospitalized with COVID-19 in Thessaloniki. He died two days later from problems caused by the infection at the age of 62. He became the first Metropolitan of the Church of Greece to die from the pandemic.

References

Other websites
 Ioannis Tassias on the website of the Metropolis of Langada
 Ioannis of Langada on OrthodoxWiki

1958 births
2020 deaths
Greek people
Bishops
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece
Dimitris Kremastinos (Greek: Δημήτρης Κρεμαστινός; 1 May 1942 – 8 May 2020) was a Greek politician and physician. He was a  member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts. 

Kremastinos was the Minister of Health, Welfare and Social Insurance from 1993 to 1996. He also was a member of the Hellenic Parliament from 2000 to 2004 and again from 2009 to 2019. From 2015 to 2019, he was the Vice-President of the parliament.

On 26 March 2020, Kremastinos was hospitalized in Athens with COVID-19. He died two weeks later on 8 May from the infection, aged 78.

References

1942 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece
Greek politicians
Greek physicians
Giorgio Morales (26 March 1932 – 29 November 2020) was an Italian politician and activist. He was Mayor of Florence from 2 October 1989 to 24 April 1995. He was a member of both Socialist and Forza Italia. Morales was born in La Spezia, Italy.

Morales died on 29 November 2020 from pneumonia-related problems in Florence, aged 88.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Italian politicians
Italian activists
Mayors
People from Florence
La Spezia (,  or , ;  in the local Spezzino dialect) is the capital city of the province of La Spezia.

References

Cities in Liguria
Capital cities in Italy
Mohammad Afzal Cheema (; 1913 – 4 August 2008) was a Pakistani politician and judge. Cheema was the only Pakistani to reach the top positions in all branches of state. He was the acting President of Pakistan from 1962 to 1963.

References

1913 births
2008 deaths
Pakistani politicians
Chief Justice Sheikh Anwarul Haq (‎ ; 11 May 1917 – 3 March 1995), was a Pakistani jurist and an academic. He was the 9th Chief Justice of Pakistan from 23 September 1977 until resigning on 25 March 1981. Between 1973 to 1978, he was the Acting (and is sometime referred to as the 20th) President of Pakistan.

References

1917 births
1995 deaths
Chief Justices of Pakistan
Presidents of Pakistan
Fazlul Quader Chaudhury (26 March 1919–17 July 1973) was a Bengali politician. He was the 5th speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan from East Pakistan. He was also the Acting President of Pakistan from 1963 to 1965.

References

1973 deaths
Speakers of the National Assembly of Pakistan
1919 births
Juan de Dios Roman Seco (17 December 1942 – 28 November 2020) was a Spanish handball coach and executive. He was born in Merida, Spain. 

His coaching career lasted between 1964 to 2000. He coached the Atlético Madrid BM, BM Ciudad Real and the national team. He lead the national team into the 2000 Summer Olympics, winning the bronze medal.

Between 2008 to 2013, he was President of the Royal Spanish Handball Federation.

Román died of a stroke on 28 November 2020 in Madrid at the age of 77.

References

1942 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Spanish sportspeople
Coaches
Mérida or Merida may refer to:

Places 
Mérida (state), one of the 23 states which make up Venezuela
Mérida, Mérida, the capital city of the state of Mérida, Venezuela
Merida, Leyte, Philippines, a municipality in the province of Leyte
Mérida, Spain, the capital city of the autonomous community of Extremadura
Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico, the capital city of the state of Yucatán
 or , an ancient name for Mardin, Turkey

Football clubs 
CP Mérida, a defunct club in Mérida, Spain
Estudiantes de Mérida, Venezuela
Imperio de Mérida CP, Mérida, Spain
Mérida AD, a club in Mérida, Spain
Mérida F.C., Mexico
Mérida UD, a defunct club in Mérida, Spain

Other uses 
Merida (Disney), the main character of the 2012 animated film Brave
Merida (Dragon Prince), a fictional people created by fantasy author Melanie Rawn for her Dragon Prince series
Merida (moth), a genus of moth in the family Geometridae
Merida Bikes, one of the world's largest bicycle makers, based in Taiwan
Mérida Initiative, an American-led drug interdiction program for Mexico and Central America
Mérida sunangel (Heliangelus spencei), a species of hummingbird native to Venezuela
Fran Mérida, a Spanish footballer
, several ships with the name Merida
Bahrain–Merida Pro Cycling Team, a professional cycling team