cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Philip Ballantyne Kerr (22 February 1956 – 23 March 2018) was a British novelist. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. Kerr wrote for The Sunday Times, the Evening Standard, and the New Statesman. He was married to fellow novelist Jane Thynne. 

Kerr was known for the Bernie Gunther series of historical thrillers set in Germany and elsewhere during the 1930s, the Second World War and the Cold War. He also wrote children's books under the name P. B. Kerr, including the Children of the Lamp series.

Kerr died on 23 March 2018 in London at the age of 62.

References

Other websites
 Official P. B. Kerr website
 Bernie Gunther fansite
 Interview in Shotsmag Ezine 2011 
 Interview with Philip Kerr about Kerr's relationship with Berlin.

1956 births
2018 deaths
Scottish novelists
People from Edinburgh
Rim Banna (; 8 December 1966 – 24 March 2018), was a Palestinian singer, composer, arranger and activist. He was most known for her traditional Palestinian songs and poetry. Banna was born in Nazareth. She was known for her 2005 album The Mirrors of My Soul.

Banna died in Nazareth on 24 March 2018 from breast cancer at the age of 51.

References

2018 deaths
1966 births
Deaths from breast cancer
Palestinian people
Singers
Composers
Activists
Deborah "Debbie" Lee Carrington (December 14, 1959 – March 24, 2018) was an American actress and stuntwoman. She was born in San Jose, California. She suffered from dwarfism. She was known as being a stunt-double for Chucky.

Carrington appeared in many movies and TV shows, including In Living Color, The Drew Carey Show, Return of the Jedi, Howard the Duck, Total Recall, Men in Black, Seinfeld, Baywatch, Married... with Children (1990), Boston Legal, The Garbage Pail Kids Movie, Dexter and Bones.

Carrington died on March 24, 2018 in Pleasanton, California at the age of 58.

References

Other websites

1959 births
2018 deaths
People with dwarfism
American movie actors
American television actors
Stuntmen
People from San Jose, California
Actors from Santa Clara County, California
José Antonio Abreu Anselmi (May 7, 1939 – March 24, 2018) was a Venezuelan orchestra conductor, pianist, economist, educator, activist, and politician. He was best known for his association with El Sistema. He was Catholic. He was honored with the 2009 Latin Grammy Trustees Award, an honor given to personalities that have contributed to music by the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences.

Abreu died of complications from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Caracas on March 24, 2018 at the age of 78.

References

Other websites
 Biography on Right Livelihood Award
 The Work of José Antonio Abreu 

1939 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from COPD
Venezuelan entertainers
Venezuelan politicians
Conductors
Pianists
Economists
Venezuelan educators
Activists
John Rogers Searle (; born 31 July 1932) is an American philosopher. He is the Willis S. and Marion Slusser Professor Emeritus of the Philosophy of Mind and Language and Professor of the Graduate School at the University of California, Berkeley. He is known for his contributions to the philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, and social philosophy, he began teaching at UC Berkeley in 1959.

References

1932 births
Living people
American philosophers
Educators from Denver, Colorado
Writers from Denver, Colorado
Olympia Fields is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 4,988 at the 2010 census. The municipality grew up around the prestigious Olympia Fields Country Club, originally established in 1915.

Olympia Fields is one of the richest and best educated, majority African-American, communities in the United States.

References

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Nipin Niravath is an Indian mentalist and entertainer based in Kerala, India. Nipin is best known for demonstrations of extrasensory perception and mentalism.

Career
In 2003, Nipin joined the USAID's social awareness programme and started his career as a street magician. Nipin appeared on several TV series including Onnum Onnum Moonu, Comedy Supernite, Ugram Ujjwalam, Comedy Stars, which earned him popularity among the Malayali people.
According to Times of India, Nipin performed in one episode of Comedy Stars, "where he made the entire audience including TV host and singer Rimi Tomy draw fish on the paper they were given, just by projecting his thoughts".

In 2018, it was announced Nipin will appear as a guest speaker for the CADD Arabia talk show Connecting Dots.

TV shows
Onnum Onnum Moonu
Comedy Supernite
Ugram Ujjwalam
Comedy Stars, (2017)
Muscat Show, (2018)
 Jose Thomas Performing Arts Centre, (2017)
 Vismayam - The mentalist, (2018)

References

Other websites 
 

Living people
Magicians
People from Kerala
Bernard "Bernie" Marcus (born May 12, 1929) is an American businessman. He co-founded Home Depot and was the company's first CEO. He served as Chairman of the Board until retiring in 2002.

References

1929 births
Living people
American billionaires
American chief executives
American Jews
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from Atlanta, Georgia
Businesspeople from Newark, New Jersey
Jewish billionaires
Jewish businesspeople
Jewish philanthropists
Republicans (United States)
Young Harris is a city in Towns County, Georgia, United States. The population was 604 at the 2000 census. Young Harris is home to Young Harris College, after which it was named.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km²), all land.

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 899 people residing in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 90.9% White, 2.6% Black, 0.4% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.1% from some other race and 0.8% from two or more races. 4.0% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Former Governor and United States Senator Zell Miller (1932–2018) was born and died here.

References

Other websites

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
The Byzantine Greeks (or Byzantines) were the Greek people of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. They lived in the lands of the Byzantine Empire (or Eastern Roman Empire) like Greece, Asia Minor and Cyprus. They spoke medieval Greek, preserved Greek culture, obeyed Roman law and followed Eastern Christianity. Their society had peasants, traders, teachers, soldiers and priests.

Identity
The Byzantines called themselves Romans (Romaioi), Greeks (Graikoi, Hellenes) and Christians (Christianoi) throughout their history. They used those names synonymously because they were the political heirs of the Roman Empire, the offspring of the ancient Greeks, and believers in Jesus Christ. The Byzantines also called everything that was not Greek "barbarian" and called paganism "Hellenism".

Society

Byzantine Greek society had different classes like the poor, the peasants, the soldiers, the teachers, the merchants, and the priests.

Poor and peasants
There were two groups of poor people in the Greek world since the time of Homer: the ptochos (, "passive poor") and the penes (, "active poor"). Byzantine Greek peasants lived in villages, drank wine and ate grains, beans, fish, bread and olives. They were hunters, fishers, bee-keepers, craftsmen, smiths, tailors and shoemakers.

Soldiers and teachers
Soldiers were chosen for military duty every year and served as medics and technicians. Their appearance, customs, habits and life were part of a Greek and Roman military tradition. Along with farmers, they ate a type of dried biscuit bread called a paximadion (originally called a boukelaton).

Byzantine education was part of an ancient Greek educational tradition that started in the 5th century BC. It was made up of three levels: 1) elementary school with students aged six to ten years old, 2) secondary school with students aged ten to sixteen years old, 3) higher education.

Literacy was much higher in the Byzantine Empire than in Western Europe. Elementary school education was widely available in places like towns and the countryside. Secondary schools were mostly in larger cities and higher education was offered at the University of Constantinople.

In elementary schools, teachers used simple fairy-tale books like Aesop's Fables. In secondary schools, teachers used ancient Greek texts like the Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer.

Women
The life of a Byzantine Greek woman was split into three stages: 1) girlhood, 2) motherhood and 3) widowhood. Daily life for women included doing household and farm chores. Poor women sometimes wore sleeveless tunics and most wore a veil called the maphorion that covered their hair. Wealthy women bought and wore silk fabrics and clothes with expensive jewelry. Some women worked as traders, clerics and teachers.

Traders and priests
Byzantine Greek traders were mobile and developed new methods of investing money like the chreokoinonia. Byzantine Greek priests were close to the rest of society and were allowed to get married (except for bishops).

Related pages
Byzantine art
Byzantine Empire

References

Citations

Sources

 

Greek people
Fulani ecotype chickens is a type of domestic chicken reared by the Fulani people. They are good egg layers with high quality meat. These chickens are not easily attacked by diseases and tend to live longer.

Characteristics
Fulani ecotype chickens are heavier and rich in meat quality. It carries a dominant feather gene. Research suggested that the chickens's adaptive feather genes will soon die out and need to be preserved.
Male Fulani ecotype chickens have a large comb and wattle size. They have varied plumage colours with a feather that is suitable for the tropical climate in Nigeria.

Uses
They are mainly reared for high quality meat and eggs

References 

Poultry
Judith Oulton is a Canadian nurse and former chief executive officer of International Council of Nurses. She is a recipient of the Jeanne Mance Award.

References 

Nurses
Akwid is a Mexican group that combines the hip hop style with the Mexican regional music. Akwid starts the group in 2000 was known like Juvenile Style. The rappers Francisco "AK" Gómez and Sergio "Wikid" Gómez, who form Akwid, are brothers. They were born in Jiquilpan, Michoacán, but now live in Los Angeles, California.

Beginnings 
Sergio and Francisco Gómez were born in Jiquilpan, Michoacan, Mexico. They moved to the United States of America to the five and three years respectively. Educated in the streets of Los Angeles,  discovered a musical talent and a big worry between the worlds of the "Hip Hop". The group was recognised and pressed effusively the fusion between the music and culture. Akwid gave life and identity to the people that represent the youth in the diverse communities around the world. Appointed pioneers of the gender, the Gómez brothers manage in the world of creation and expression through the music.

Discography 
The first album, Proyecto Akwid, won two Billboard Prizes and a Grammy to the Best Album of Alternative Latin/Rock.

The album Hoy, Ayer, and Forever remixes several songs of the album 2002 A.D. Using his more recent style, the incorporation of the Mexican regional music. The album KOMP 104.9 Radio Compa is recorded in the form of a broadcast of a station of radio that only happens music of Akwid. Both albums are of the year 2004. His album Los Aguacates de Jiquilpan (2005) is recorded as if it was a tale of fairies that explains his arrival of Mexico to the United States. At present they have signed with the stamp Machete Music, that belongs to Universal musical group.

Akwid's song, "Chivas Explosivas!" It is the official hymn of the Sportive Club Chivas USA of the Major League Soccer

Studio Albums 
 Proyecto Akwid (Univision, 2003)
 Komp 104.9 Radio Compa (Univision, 2004)
 Los Aguacates de Jiquilpan (Univision, 2005)
 E.S.L. (Univision, 2006)
 La Novela (Univision, 2008)
 Classificado "R" (Machete Music, 2010)
 Revolver (Diwka, 2013)
 The Atraco (Diwka, 2015)

Compilations 
 Crossover (2-k Sounds, 2004)
 Hoy, Ayer, and Forever (2-k Sounds, 2004)
 Siempre (2-k Sounds, 2004)
 Kickin' It Juntos (with Jae-P), (Univision, 2005)
 Still Kickin' It (With Jae-P), (Univision, 2005)
 Live in Japan (Univision, 2006)
 Dos en Uno (Univision, 2006)
 Greatest Exitos (Univision, 2007)
 No Hay Manera and Muchos Exitos Mas: Linea de Oro (Univision, 2007)

References

Other websites 
 Akwid In Group of Music Univision  ((English))
 Akwid  In VH1

Musical groups established in 2000
2000s Mexican music groups
Mexican musical groups
Mexican rap music groups
2000s establishments in Mexico
The  2018 Kemerovo fire was a fire that killed 37 people. It was at the Winter Cherry complex, a mall in Kemerovo, Russia. The mall opened in 2013.

References 

Shops
2018 in Russia
Gabriel von Hackl (24 March 1843 – 5 June 1926) was a German-Austrian artist and art teacher. Most of his paintings were of historical subjects.

Hackl was born in Marburg an der Drau. At that time the town was part of Austria. Today it is part of Slovenia.  His father was a surgeon. He learned anatomy from his father. He then studied art in Vienna. In 1865 he moved to Munich and studied at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts. He became a professor of drawing at the academy in 1880 and taught there until 1919. Hackl was a strict teacher. He wanted his students' drawings to be anatomically accurate. They learned by drawing plaster casts of ancient sculptures. His own drawings were very skillful and detailed.

Hackl died in Munich at the age of 83. His famous pupils included Anton Ažbe and Giorgio de Chirico.

References

1843 births
1926 deaths
Painters
Austrian people
Christine Kaseba is a Zambian physician, surgeon and politician. She was the First Lady of Zambia from September 2011 until October 2014. She is the widow of former President Michael Sata, who died in office on October 28, 2014. She is also a long-time physician and surgeon, specializing in gynecology and obstetrics, at University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka.

Life and career
Kaseba was the second wife of Michael Sata, the country's president from 2011 to 2014.
Christine Kaseba and Michael Sata had eight children together.

On November 18, 2014 Kaseba filed her nomination papers to contest the January 2015 presidential by-election under the Patriotic Front party shortly after her husband's death.
However, she and other seven PF candidates lost their party's nomination to Edgar Lungu at the party's November general conference.

In 2016, it was reported that Christine Kaseba might be chosen as the vice presidential running mate of UPND presidential nominee, Hakainde Hichilema, for the 2016 election.

Kaseba serves on the Global Task Force on Expanded Access to Cancer Care and Control in Developing Countries.

References

First Ladies of Zambia
living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Thandiwe Banda is a Zambian political science teacher. She was the First Lady of Zambia from June 2008 until September 2011. Banda, who was in her 30s when she took over the position in 2008, was the youngest First Lady in Zambia's history. She is the current wife of former President Rupiah Banda. Thandiwe Banda is the second wife of Rupiah Banda after his first Hope Mwansa Makulu, died in 2000. They got married during the 2000s, despite an age gap of nearly forty years. He was around 70 years at the time of their wedding, while she was in her 30s. Thandiwe and Rupiah Banda are the parents of twin boys, Temwani and Dunia, whose conception came as a surprise to both, according to an interview she gave with BBC Africa.

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
First Ladies of Zambia
Kemerovo () is a city in Russia that has factories in it. When the Russian government counted all the people in 2018, 558,973 people lived in Kemerovo.

Capital cities in Russia

Siberia
Córdoba Department () is a department of Colombia. It is located to the north of this country in the Colombian Caribbean Region. The capital is Montería. In 2013, 1,658,090 people lived there.

Municipalities 
These municipalities are in the department:

 Ayapel
 Buenavista
 Canalete
 Cereté
 Chimá
 Chinú
 Ciénaga de Oro
 Cotorra
 La Apartada
 Lorica
 Los Córdobas
 Momil
 Moñitos
 Montelíbano
 Montería
 Planeta Rica
 Pueblo Nuevo
 Puerto Escondido
 Puerto Libertador
 Purísima
 Sahagún
 San Andrés de Sotavento
 San Antero
 San Bernardo del Viento
 San Carlos
 San José de Uré
 San Pelayo
 Tierralta
 Tuchín
 Valencia

Other websites 
 Government of Cordoba official website  

Departments of Colombia
Tegui Carlos Calderón Rosario (Santurce, Puerto Rico, February 1, 1972), better known by his stage name Tego Calderón, is a singer of reguetón and hip hop puerto rican He has received prizes for his work, included a Source Award of The Source Magazine by "International Artist of the Year". Also he has received nominations in several ceremonies, between them the Grammy Latin, Billboard Awards, Prizes The Ours and Prizes The People.

First years 
Calderón was born in Santurce, Puerto Rico. He moved to an early age of his native Puerto Rico to Miami, Florida, were assisted to Beach Senior High School. Here he was in contact with several different cultures and was a drummer in a band of rock. The band did versions of songs produced by artists like Ozzy Osbourne and Led Zeppelin. He has observed that his two parents were fans of Ismael Rivera and that his father also was interested in jazz. He was influenced by both genders and incorporated them into his music. Over time he developed a musical style that combines elements of the sauce, dancehall, and hip hop, centering in the appearances of the urban life in his letters.

Musical career 
Calderón did some apparitions in albums of other musicians of reggaeton, over time signed with the stamp White Lion. In 2002, he published his first album of study titled "El Abayarde" the reggaeton considered at this time a gender "underground", the album sold 50.000 copies in his launching, establishing a record of sales for an album of Latin music. Three months after publishing The Abayarde, Calderón organised his first concert, which took place in the Coliseo Roberto Clemente in San Juan, Puerto Rico, and exhausted the place. The next day he turned into the first artist of reggaeton in making a performance in the annual meeting Puerto Rican "Dia Nacional de La Salsa".

In August of 2003, Calderón acted in Madison Square Garden in New York. His second apparition in the place was in October of 2004, where headed an event titled "Megatones de 2004". The concert was exhausted, with 20.000 assistants of a mixed public of Latins and American fans.

2005 - present 

Calderón participated in the 2004 and 2005 editions of the Parade of New York, "Rican Day". During this period of time turned into the first Latin American artist in being included in the Power-105 of New York.

In the summer of 2005, Calderón signed an agreement between Atlantic Records and his own independent stamp, Jiggiri Records, turning into the first artist of reggaeton in having a deal with an important label.

Discography

Studio Albums 
 2003: El abayarde 
 2006: The Underdog/El subestimado 
 2007: El abayarde contraataca 
 2015: El Que Sabe, Sabe

Compilations 
 2004: The Enemy of the Guasíbiri
 2013: Tego Calderón - Greatest Hits

Mixtapes 
 2004: Guasa Guasa: The Mixtape (DJ Whoo Kid and Tego Calderón) 
 2008: The Gongoli Mixtape 
 2012: El Original Gallo del Pais - Or.G. The Mixtape

References 

Puerto Rican singers
1972 births
Living people
The Bavarian Elite-Academy (BEA; ) is a leadership education program established by the Bavarian industry. It was founded in 1998.

Other websites 
 Official website 

1990s establishments in Germany
1998 establishments in Europe
Education in Germany
Munich
Jean Dolores Schmidt, BVM (born August 21, 1919), affectionately known as Sister Jean, is an American chaplain for the Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team and a religious sister of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. She was born in San Francisco, California.

Schmidt moved from California to teach at Mundelein College in Chicago in 1961. During the mid-1960s, she was active in the civil rights movement. In 1991, she was hired by Loyola University.

In 2018, Sister Jean became famous for her appearances in the NCAA tournaments when Loyola advanced to the final four.

References

Other websites
 Sister Jean: Loyola University Chicago: Features from Loyola University Chicago's official website.

1919 births
Living people
American civil rights activists
American Roman Catholics
People from San Francisco
People from Chicago
Henry John Minarik (September 1, 1927 – March 12, 2018) was an American football tackle. He was born in Flint, Michigan. He played for the Pittsburgh Steelers. He played college football at Michigan State University.

Minarik died on March 12, 2018 in Lake City, Michigan at the age of 90.

References

1927 births
2018 deaths
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Sportspeople from Michigan
People from Flint, Michigan
Vice Admiral Emmett Hulcy Tidd (October 6, 1923 – March 20, 2018) was a retired flag officer of the United States Navy. He was born in Shreveport, Louisiana. He retired in 1976.

Tidd enlisted in the Navy Reserve as a seaman apprentice in 1942, and joined the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps while at Oklahoma University. Tidd assumed command of USS Everglades, followed by a tour as Chief of Staff and Aide to Vice Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, then serving as Commander, Naval Forces Vietnam. Following his Vietnam tour, Tidd was assigned to assume command of USS Columbus.

Tidd died on March 20, 2018 in Annapolis, Maryland of complications from dementia at the age of 94.

References

1923 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from dementia
American military people
People from Shreveport, Louisiana
Bernard Louis De Koven or DeKoven (October 15, 1941 – March 24, 2018) was an American game designer, author, lecturer and fun theorist. He was most notable for his book The Well Played Game, for his works to the New Games Foundation, his work in computer game design, and for his long-running web site, deepFUN.com.

References

1941 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Educators from Wisconsin
Writers from Wisconsin
People from Appleton, Wisconsin
WMAR-TV is an ABC affiliate in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The station first went on the air in 1947. It was originally a CBS affiliate until 1981 when it switched to NBC. In 1995, the station switched to ABC while WBAL-TV switched to NBC and WJZ-TV switched to CBS.

American television stations
Atif Aslam (born 12 March 1983) is a Pakistani singer, songwriter and actor. He mainly sings Hindi, Urdu and panjabi songs. He has won many Lux Style Awards and he also received Tamgha-e-Imtiaz in 2008. The first movie in which he acted was Pakistani movie, Bol.

References

Other websites

 
 

1983 births
Living people
Pakistani singers
Pakistani movie actors
Singer-songwriters
Punjabi people
Bollywood playback singers
Jerry Williams, real name Sven Erik Fernström (15 April 1942 – 25 March 2018) was a Swedish singer and actor. He was known early in his career as the lead singer of The Violents he then launched a solo career.

Early Life 
Williams likes playing football and was very interested in sports, ice hockey and was engaged in cycle sport who was also a member of a boxing club called Narva BK. While his father is taking care of him and his brother.

Career 
In 1962, Williams and the Violents released a version of "Darling Nelly Grey" as a single, which became a major hit in Sweden.

Williams was also an actor appearing as Frasse in the 1985 movie On the Loose. He also voice dubbed a few characters in the Disney movie Rock-a-Doodle.

In 1989, Williams released the song "Did I Tell You" which became his biggest hit song and the record "JW" which led to him being discovered by a new generation.

During the Eurovision Song Contest 1989 he was a part of the choir for the song En Dag which was performed by Tommy Nilsson representing Sweden. 

In 2013, Williams co-operated with opera singer Malena Ernman on the latter's album called I decembertid. He sang "Counting Miracles", the opening track of the album as a duet with Ernman. The song charted at Svensktoppen, and placed as number one on 6 April 2014.

Personal Life 
Williams was a lifelong communist. Off stage he led a very private life with his family, dogs and training who was also an AIK supporter. 

Williams lived in Täby at the time of his death. Williams died from cancer in Täby on 25 March 2018, aged 75.

References

Other websites

1942 births
2018 deaths
Cancer deaths in Sweden
Swedish singers
Swedish movie actors
Swedish voice actors
Rock singers
On 23 March 2018, there was a series of Islamist terrorist attacks in the towns of Carcassonne and Trèbes in southern France.

Background
Redouane Lakdim, a 25-year-old French-Moroccan, shot the two occupants of a car in Carcassonne, killing the passenger and hijacking it. He then opened fire on four police officers, seriously wounding one. Lakdim drove to nearby Trèbes, where he stormed a Super U supermarket, killing two civilians, wounding others, and taking at least one hostage. 

A senior gendarme, Lt. Col. Arnaud Beltrame, voluntarily swapped places with a hostage. After a three-hour stand-off, Lakdim fatally shot and stabbed Beltrame. A police tactical unit immediately stormed the building and killed Lakdim. He was named a "soldier of the Islamic State" by the Amaq News Agency, and the President of France called the attacks an act of Islamist terrorism.

Motive
Lakdim swore allegiance to the Islamic State and demanded the release of Salah Abdeslam, the only surviving suspect of the November 2015 Paris attacks.

Aftermath
Five people were killed in the attacks, including the perpetrator, and fifteen were wounded.

For his actions, Beltrame was hailed as a hero. Macron said that Beltrame deserved "the respect and admiration of the whole nation."

References

2018 crimes in Europe
2010s crimes in France
2010s murders in Europe
Islamic terrorist incidents in Europe
March 2018 events
Murder in 2018
Murder in France
Terrorist incidents in 2018
Terrorist incidents in France
Sergei Panteleevich Mavrodi (; 11 August 1955 – 26 March 2018) was a Russian financial fraudster and politician. He served as a deputy of the State Duma from 1994 to 1995. He was the founder of the МММ series of pyramid schemes.

Mavrodi died of a heart attack at the age of 62 in Moscow.

References

1955 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Fraudsters
Russian politicians
People from Moscow
A hectogon or hectagon is a shape with 100 sides and 100 corners.

Regular hectogon 
All sides of a regular hectogon are the same length. Each corner is 176.4°. All corners added together equal 17640°.

Area 
The amount of space a regular hectogon takes up is

The area of a regular hectogon of side length a is given by

References 

100
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals is Charles Darwin's third major work of evolutionary theory, following On the Origin of Species (1859) and The Descent of Man (1871).

Darwin had intended it as a section of The Descent of Man. However, that book was already quite long: it was published in two volumes. So the Expression of the Emotions was published separately in 1872.

The book is about the way emotional life is shown by the faces and actions of man and other mammals. Darwin sets out ideas that our systems of emotions are inherited, and have evolved in a similar way to the more familiar structural aspects of man and animals.

He explores the origins of such human characteristics as the lifting of the eyebrows in moments of surprise and the mental confusion which typically accompanies blushing. The book is very notable for being the first book to use photographs as the main way of showing scientific evidence. The field of study is now called behavioural genetics. One line of evidence he uses is the way many different peoples in different parts of the world have similar facial and emotional reactions.

Darwin's basic points were: a single origin for the entire human species, and universal human expressions. Also, there are obvious links between the way human emotions are shown and the way other mammals show their emotions. Our emotional displays are adapted from a more basic set of emotional displays common to many mammals. The emotional displays are inherited, automatic and are difficult to control with our conscious mind. They are operated by the more ancient unconscious mind. Modern research has shown that it is extremely difficult to avoid giving signs of our emotions.

A German translation of The Expression appeared in 1872; Dutch and French versions followed in 1873 and 1874. A second edition of the book, with only minor alterations, was published in 1890.

References 

Books by Charles Darwin
Celestine is a blue mineral which is the main source of the element strontium. It is found as  strontium sulfate (SrSO4). Strontium is used in fireworks and in some metal alloys.

Ores
Dream Market is an online darknet market started in late 2013. Dream Market works on a hidden service of the Tor network. This allows online users to browse anonymously and securely while dodging possible monitoring of traffic. The marketplace sells many things, including drugs, stolen data, and fake goods, using the Bitcoin, BitcoinCash and Monero cryptocurrencies. Dream provides an escrow service, with disputes handled by staff. The market also has forums, hosted on a different URL.

After the takeovers and shutdowns of the AlphaBay and Hansa markets in July 2017, there was much speculation that Dream Market would become the main darknet marketplace. Many sellers and buyers from AlphaBay and Hansa communities registered on Dream Market.

At the time, Dream Market was reported to have "57,000 listings for drugs and 4,000 listings for opioids".

Dream Administrator and vendor Gal Vallerius was arrested in August 2017, after a border search of his laptop confirmed his identity as online drug seller OxyMonster. $500,000 USD in the cryptocurrency Bitcoin was discovered on his laptop. Vallerius is the subject of an continuing investigation about large online narcotics purchases which began in February 2016.

Security problems 
After the recent seizures of other markets, the accounts of a number of Dream Market vendors came under the control of Dutch law enforcement. As the market remains in operation, and no official statement has been released by Dutch authorities regarding this matter, it is not known how these accounts were compromised, though some researchers suggest that shared credentials are to blame.

On September 13th, Dream users reported the loss of funds from their accounts in posts to forums such as reddit. In a post to the markets' news page, Staff later confirmed that a hard drive failure caused the issue and promised to refund the lost funds. The issue has not yet been resolved, and it is not known how many (if any) users have had their prior balance compensated.

References 

Internet
Arnold Richard Hirsch (March 9, 1949 – March 19, 2018) was an American historian. He was born in Rogers Park, Chicago, Illinois. He taught at the University of New Orleans, where he served as Ethel and Herman L. Midlo Endowed Chair for New Orleans Studies. Hirsch published Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago, 1940-1960.

Hirsch died on March 19, 2018 of complications from Lewy body dementia in Oak Park, Illinois, aged 69.

References

1949 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from dementia with Lewy bodies
Disease-related deaths in Illinois
American historians
Writers from Chicago
Huntington Park is a city in the Gateway Cities district of southeastern Los Angeles County, California.

As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 58,114, down from 61,348 at the 2000 census.

Huntington Park was made in 1906 as a streetcar suburb for workers in the rapidly expanding industries to the southeast of downtown Los Angeles. To this day, about 30% of its residents work at factories in nearby Vernon and Commerce.

References

Other websites
 

Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
1906 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in California
Vernon is a city five miles (8.0 km) south of downtown Los Angeles, California. The population was 112 at the 2010 United States Census, the smallest of any incorporated city in the state (and the nearest to downtown Los Angeles).

The city is made of industrial areas and touts itself as "exclusively industrial". Meatpacking plants and warehouses are common. As of 2006, there were no parks in the city.

References

Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
Commerce is a city located in southeast Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 12,823 at the 2010 census, up from 12,568 at the 2000 census.

It is bordered by Vernon on the west, Los Angeles on the northwest, East Los Angeles on the north, Montebello on the east, Downey and Bell Gardens on the south, and Maywood on the southwest.

The Los Angeles River forms part of its southwestern boundary. It is usually referred to as the "City of Commerce" to distinguish it from the common noun.

Other websites
LA County Disaster Communications Service (DCS) East LA Station 
Commerce Aquatics website
Rosewood Park K-8
Bandini Elementary School

Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
West Midlands Trains (WMT) is a British train operating company based in Birmingham, England. It operates passenger trains on the West Midlands franchise between London and the West Midlands under two trade names: West Midlands Railway (WMR) (within the West Midlands region) and London Northwestern Railway (LNR) (outside the West Midlands region). The company took over from London Midland on 10 December 2017.

It is owned by a consortium of three companies: Abellio, JR East and Mitsui Group.

The company provides direct LNWR trains mainly between London and Birmingham, with some trains going to Watford, Tring, Milton Keynes, Crewe and Liverpool. WMR provide direct trains between Birmingham and towns such as Shrewsbury, Rugeley, Wolverhampton, Walsall, Stratford-upon-Avon, Nuneaton, Redditch and Hereford.

References

2010s establishments in the United Kingdom
2017 establishments in Europe
Railway operators in London
Train operating companies
Tuscarawas County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 92,582. The county seat is New Philadelphia.

Communities

Cities
Dover
New Philadelphia (county seat)
Uhrichsville

Villages

Baltic
Barnhill
Bolivar
Dennison
Gnadenhutten
Midvale
Mineral City
Newcomerstown
Parral
Port Washington
Roswell
Stone Creek
Strasburg
Sugarcreek
Tuscarawas
Zoar

Townships

Auburn
Bucks
Clay
Dover
Fairfield
Franklin
Goshen
Jefferson
Lawrence
Mill
Oxford
Perry
Rush
Salem
Sandy
Sugar Creek
Union
Warren
Warwick
Washington
Wayne
York

Census-designated places
Dundee
Sandyville

Other unincorporated communities

 Barrs Mills
 Bernice
 Blackband
 Booth
 Brightwood
 Bucks
 Columbia
 Eastport
 Fiat
 Gilmore
 Glasgow
 Goshen
 Hartwood
 Lock Seventeen
 Lowden
 Mount Tabor
 New Cumberland
 Newport
 Peoli
 Postboy
 Ragersville
 Riverside Park
 Rock
 Rockford
 Rush
 Schoenbrunn
 Somerdale
 Stillwater
 Wainwright
 West Chester
 Wilkshire Hills
 Winfield
 Winklepleck Grove
 Wolf
 Yorktown
 Zoarville

References 

1808 establishments in Ohio
Ohio counties
Ronny Lynn Jackson (born May 4, 1967) is an American politician and medical doctor. He is the U.S. Representative from Texas since 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party.

He was the Physician to the President, and United States Navy Rear admiral. Jackson was first appointed to the role of physician to the President on July 25, 2013, by Barack Obama, he was re-hired by Donald Trump after his election in 2016. He stepped down from the position on April 28, 2018.

On March 28, 2018, President Trump announced his plans to nominate Jackson as United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs, replacing David Shulkin. On April 26, 2018, Jackson withdrew his nomination as Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

In December 2019, he announced his plans to run for the United States House of Representatives in Texas during the 2020 election. He won the election in November 2020.

Early life
Jackson was born Levelland, Texas. He studied at Texas A&M University and at the University of Texas Medical Branch.

Career
Jackson began his active duty naval service in 1995 at Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, where he completed his internship in Transitional Medicine. 

In 2001, Jackson returned to Portsmouth Naval Medical Center to begin his residency in emergency medicine, finishing at the top of his class and receiving the honor graduate designation.

In 2006, while in Iraq, Jackson was selected as a White House physician. Since arriving at the White House, he has directed the Executive Health Care for the President’s Cabinet and Senior Staff, served as physician supervisor for the Camp David Presidential Retreat, held the position of physician to the White House and led the White House Medical Unit as its director.

In July 2013, President Barack Obama hired Jackson to be his personal physician. In 2016, President-elect Donald Trump said he would re-hire Jackson to remain as his personal physician as well.  He was nominated to the rank of rear admiral (upper half) on March 23, 2018. He resigned from the position on April 28, 2018.

United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs nomination
On March 28, 2018, Trump fired Secretary David Shulkin and Jackson was selected by Trump as Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

On April 26, 2018, Jackson withdrew his nomination as Secretary of Veterans Affairs amidst widely publicized allegations of misconduct and mismanagement while serving in the White House.

2020 congressional campaign
On December 9, he filed to run as a Republican for Congress in Texas's 13th congressional district. He won the Republican primary and eventually won the November 2020 election.

References

Other websites
 
 Appearances on C-SPAN

1967 births
Living people
United States representatives from Texas
American physicians
Military people from Texas
US Republican Party politicians
Victor Mikhailovich Kalashnikov (; 16 July 1942 – 27 March 2018) was a Russian small arms designer/ He was known for developing the PP-19 Bizon submachine guns. He was the son of Mikhail Kalashnikov. He was born in Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union. He began his weapon designing career in 1966 by conducting a series of tests of the AK-47.

Kalashnikov died at a university hospital in Izhevsk, Russia on 27 March 2018 at the age of 75.

References

Other websites
 Биография на сайте музея им. М.Т. Калашникова 

1942 births
2018 deaths
Russian engineers
Russian inventors
Peter Munk (November 8, 1927 – March 28, 2018) was a Hungarian-born Canadian businessman and philanthropist. He founded and chaired Barrick Gold, the world's largest gold-mining corporation.

Munk was founder, chairman and CEO of Trizec Properties (formerly TrizecHahn Corporation), one of the largest American real estate investment trusts. In 2006, Trizec Properties was sold to Brookfield Properties.

Munk died in Toronto on March 28, 2018 of heart failure at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
 Biography of Peter Munk
 Citation for Peter and Melanie Munk

1927 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Canada
Canadian businesspeople
Hungarian businesspeople
Canadian philanthropists
Billionaires
People from Budapest
Tatiana Gabriele Maslany (born September 22, 1985) is a Canadian actress. She is known for playing multiple roles in the science fiction television series Orphan Black (2013–2017).

Maslany won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2016. Maslany became the first Canadian actor from a Canadian series to win an Emmy Award in a key dramatic category.

Filmography

Movies

Television

References

Other websites
 

Emmy Award winning actors
1985 births
Living people
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
People from Regina, Saskatchewan
Sir Eric Paul McClintock (13 September 1918 – 27 March 2018) was an Australian former public servant and businessman. He was born in Gulgong, New South Wales.

McClintock was known for serving as Chairman of Woolworths Limited from 1980 to 1987. He was a speech writer for future Prime Minister John McEwen, then Minister for Trade, and served as First Assistant Secretary, Department of Trade 1958-61.

He was NSW campaign chair for the Australian Prospectors & Miners' Hall of Fame (now defunct).

McClintock died in Sydney on 27 March 2018 at the age of 99.

References

1918 births
2018 deaths
Australian businesspeople
Civil servants
Politicians from New South Wales
Writers from New South Wales
Chalo Chatu is an Internet encyclopedia project in the English language that is documenting the entire Zambia only covering historical events and current events, notable public figures, companies, organizations, websites, national monuments and other notable key features of Zambia. The website is free of charge: users do not pay but they can choose to donate to the Chalo Chatu Foundation. It is "open content", this means anyone can copy it. It is also the largest and only online encyclopedia in Zambia. The name Chalo Chatu translated as our world in the Zambian local language. Chalo Chatu was started on June 1, 2016 by Jason Mulikita. Chalo Chatu is owned by a Zambian organization, Chalo Chatu Foundation, which is in Lusaka.

History
Chalo Chatu was launched on June 1, 2016. It was launched as an English-language at www.chalochatu.org and has been active since. Chalo Chatu was launched under ther policy of well written, balanced, neutral, and encyclopedic.

Using Chalo Chatu
Chalo Chatu is a free site just like Wikipedia that anybody can start or edit a page but for you to edit on Chalo Chatu one has to be a registered and verified user  with a website.

Notes

References

Other websites 

 Website 
 Official Facebook Page
 Official YouTube Channel
 Official Twitter Account

Wikis
Zambia
MediaWiki websites
2016 establishments in Africa
Inonge Mutukwa Wina (born April 2, 1941) is a Zambian politician and former Vice President of Zambia from 2015 until 2021. She is the first woman to hold the position in Zambia, making her the highest ranking woman in the history of the Zambian government.

Personal life
She was married to Arthur Wina, an independence fighter, former minister and academic who died on 3 September 1995.

References

Vice-Presidents of Zambia
1941 births
Living people
Tracheids are long cells in the xylem of vascular plants. They  transport water and mineral salts. Tracheids are one of two types of elements in the xylem, vessel elements being the other. Tracheids do not have perforation plates; vessel elements do. These define vascular plants, as opposed to  non-vascular plants.

All tracheary elements get a thick lignified cell wall. When the plant is mature, the protoplast has broken down and disappeared.  Tracheids have two functions. They transport material and provide structural support.

The secondary walls have thickenings in various forms: rings, spirals, networks or as extensive thickenings except where there are pits. Tracheids provide most of the structural support in softwoods, where they are the major cell type.

Because tracheids have a much larger surface area to volume ratio compared to vessel elements, they hold water against gravity (by adhesion) when transpiration is not occurring. This mechanism helps plants prevent air embolisms.

The term "tracheid" was introduced by Carl Sanio in 1863, originally as Tracheide, in German.

References 

Vascular plants
Wood
Cells
Plant anatomy
Plant physiology
Kirchheim unter Teck (Alemannic German: Kircha) is a town in southern Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It has 40,000 people. It is named after the mountain Teck. It isn't far away from Stuttgart. It is in a mountain group named Schwäbische Alb.

References

Towns in Baden-Württemberg
Esslingen (district)
Emiliano Mondonico (9 March 1947 – 29 March 2018) was an Italian professional footballer and coach. He played as a winger. In 1966 he was signed by Cremonese, with whom he played one season in Serie D and one season.

Mondonico began his managerial career with the Cremonese youth team in 1979. In 1981, he became manager of the senior team.

In 1990, he joined Torino, where he won the Mitropa Cup over Pisa and finished in fifth-place in the league during the 1990–91 season.

In 2012, Mondonico was fired as head coach by Novara and later retired.

Mondonico died on 29 March 2018 from stomach cancer in Milan at the age of 71.

References

1947 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Cancer deaths in Italy
Italian footballers
Italian football managers
José Hugo Garaycoa Hawkins (2 June 1930 – 27 March 2018) was a Peruvian Roman Catholic bishop.

Garaycoa Hawkins was born in Callao, Peru and was ordained to the priesthood in 1961. He served as titular bishop oh Horæa and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lima, Peru, from 1982 to 1991. He then served as Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tacna y Moquegua, Peru, from 1991 to 2006.

Garaycoa Hawkins died on 27 March 2018 in Lima, Peru at the age of 87.

References 

1930 births
2018 deaths
Peruvian people
Roman Catholic bishops
James Clarence Irwin (June 7, 1929 – March 21, 2018) was an American military personnel. He was a retired vice admiral in the United States Coast Guard. He was Vice Commandant from 1986 to 1988. Irwin was born in Des Moines, Iowa.

Irwin died on March 21, 2018 of Alzheimer's disease in Chandler, Arizona at the age of 88.

References

1929 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in Arizona
American military people
People from Des Moines, Iowa
People from Arizona
United States Coast Guard
John Willard Vogt (December 28, 1936 – March 21, 2018) was an American engineer and politician. He was born in Lake Wales, Florida. He studied at the University of Florida. He served in the Florida Senate from 1972 to 1988. Vogt was a member of the Democratic Party.

Vogt died on March 21, 2018 at the age of 81 from pulmonary fibrosis in Tallahassee, Florida.

References

1936 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pulmonary fibrosis
Disease-related deaths in Florida
American engineers
Politicians from Florida
Scientists from Florida
US Democratic Party politicians
Stephen Roy Reinhardt (March 27, 1931 – March 29, 2018) was an American circuit judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit serving from 1980 until his death in 2018. He was the last federal appeals court judge in active service to have been appointed by President Jimmy Carter. He was a Democrat. Reinhardt was born in New York City.

Reinhardt died in Los Angeles, California on March 29, 2018 from a heart attack at the age of 87.

References

1931 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
American judges
Politicians from New York City
Politicians from Los Angeles
US Democratic Party politicians
Melrose Park is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is a suburb of Chicago, 14 miles by road. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 25,411. 

The suburb was the home of Kiddieland Amusement Park from 1929 until 2010 (it closed in September 2009 before it was demolished), the Shrine of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel, and Stern Pinball, Inc., which is now the world's last manufacturer of coin-operated pinball machines.

References

Other websites
Village of Melrose Park official website

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Alanna Noel Ubach (born October 3, 1975) is an actress, vocal artist and singer of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Spanish descent. She is known for her roles in Coco as Mama Imelda, Legally Blonde as Serena McGuire, Meet the Fockers as Isabel Villalobos, Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce as "Joe", and Bombshell as "Jeanine Pirro". She is also known for singing "La Llorona" and "La Bruja" in Coco Live at the Hollywood Bowl.

References

Other websites

"BroadwayWorld.com" interview with Alanna Ubach, May 31, 2008

1975 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Models from California
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican voice actors
Mexican singers
Actors from Los Angeles County, California
Singers from Los Angeles
People from Downey, California