cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
John Mayhew (27 March 1947 - 26 March 2009) was an English musician. He was the third drummer for the progressive rock band Genesis. Mayhew was a part of the band from September 1969 until July 1970.  He replaced John Silver as the drummer for the band in August 1969 .  Mayhew appears on the album Trespass and the Genesis Archive 1967-75 box set.  He was replaced in 1970 by Phil Collins.

For many years Mayhew's life after playing for Genesis was a mystery to most fans.  It was said that his Trespass royaltycheque had gone unclaimed. There were rumors that he was dead or missing.  In 1979, he moved to Australia. He eventually found work as a carpenter. He is now an Australian citizen. In 2006, Mayhew attended the Genesis Convention in London along with Anthony Phillips and Steve Hackett. He even played drums for a tribute band's performance of "The Knife" (from Trespass). He died a day before his birthday from a heart attack.

References

1947 births
2009 deaths
Australian drummers
Australian rock musicians
Carpenters
English drummers
English rock musicians
Genesis (band)
People from Ipswich
Larches are conifers in the genus Larix. They grow on the northern hemisphere. Unlike other conifers, larches lose their leaves during autumn and winter.

Species 
There are 10–14 species, for example the European Larch, the North American Larch and the Japanese Larch. Scientists usually divide them into two main groups, New World species (North America) and Old World species (Europe and Asia). Inside this one, there are two more groups, Northern (Central Europe, Siberia, Japan, north of China) and Southern (south of China, Himalaya, Myanmar).

Eurasian

Northern 

Larix decidua or Larix europaea European Larch.
Larix sibirica Siberian Larch.
Larix gmelinii Dahurian Larch.
Larix kaempferi or Larix leptolepis Japanese Larch.
Larix principis-rupprechtii Prince Ruppretch's larch.

Southern 

Larix potaminii Chinese Larch.
Larix himalaica Langtang Larch.
Larix mastersiana Masters' Larch.
Larix speciosa Yunnan Larch.
Larix griffithii or Larix griffithiana Himalayan Larch.

North American 

Larix laricina Tamarack Larch or American Larch.
Larix lyallii Subalpine Larch.
Larix occidentalis Western Larch.

There is also a hybrid, the Dunkeld Larch, which is a mix of the European Larch and the Japanese Larch.

Uses 
Larch wood is very valuable because it is resistant and it grows quickly. It is used for boats as well as houses.
Larches are also used in herbal medicine and in bonsai.
The tree appeared in many Monty Python sketches as a joke.

Gallery 

Conifers
Louise Goodman is one of two pitlane reporters for ITV's Formula One coverage. Before this she worked in marketing for the Jordan team. She started television broadcast in 1997.

She is said to be the first woman of Formula One live coverage. Louise Goodman has been ITV's roving pitlane reporter since ITV took the broadcast in 1997. She usually does driver interviews, while Ted Kravitz brings news from the teams about technical or tactical matters. She is taller than many F1 drivers, and is known for wearing much jewellery on her arm.

Goodman became the first female to be part of a pit stop when she removed the left rear tire in a Midland pit stop for Tiago Monteiro in 2006 British Grand Prix.

During Q3 in Hungaroring 2006 she interviewed David Coulthard. Coulthard had been knocked out in Q2. She asked him how the cold weather was affecting him. He answered," Ummm...well, it’s a lot nicer to look at you in your tight t-shirts first out." Goodman sounded startled when she replied, " Thank you so much DC. I'll have a word with you later." They then went back to the main commentary team who also sounded rather flustered.

In 2007, she became the presenter of ITV's coverage of the British Touring Car Championship. Her co-presenter was Ted Kravitz.

References

Other websites 
 Official site
 Louise Goodman  at ITV.com

English television presenters
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Visby is the only city on the Swedish island of Gotland. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 2005, its population is 22,236.

References

World Heritage Sites in Sweden
Settlements in Gotland County
Kollam (Malayalam:കൊല്ലം) (known to the Portuguese as Quilon, pronounced koy-lon) is a city and a municipal corporation in Kollam district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is  north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum). It is also the headquarters of the Kollam District, one among the 14 districts in Kerala. To the south is Thiruvananthapuram district, to the north is Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha, to the east is Tamil Nadu and to the west by the Arabian Sea.

Cities in India
Cities in Kerala
The 100 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements.  This means districts in English.  Most departments in France only have 3 or 4 arrondissements, but some may have more or less than this.

Related pages
 List of arrondissements of France
This is a list of the 43 cantons of the Ain department, in France, by arrondissement:

Arrondissement of Belley (9 cantons)
 Ambérieu-en-Bugey
 Belley
 Champagne-en-Valromey
 Hauteville-Lompnes
 Lagnieu
 Lhuis
 Saint-Rambert-en-Bugey
 Seyssel
 Virieu-le-Grand

Arrondissement of Bourg-en-Bresse (24 cantons)
 Bâgé-le-Châtel
 Bourg-en-Bresse-Est
 Bourg-en-Bresse-Nord-Centre
 Bourg-en-Bresse-Sud
 Ceyzériat
 Chalamont
 Châtillon-sur-Chalaronne
 Coligny
 Meximieux
 Miribel
 Montluel
 Montrevel-en-Bresse
 Péronnas
 Pont-d'Ain
 Pont-de-Vaux
 Pont-de-Veyle
 Reyrieux
 Saint-Trivier-de-Courtes
 Saint-Trivier-sur-Moignans
 Thoissey
 Treffort-Cuisiat
 Trévoux
 Villars-les-Dombes
 Viriat

Arrondissement of Gex (3 cantons)
 Collonges
 Ferney-Voltaire
 Gex

Arrondissement of Nantua (7 cantons)
 Bellegarde-sur-Valserine
 Brénod
 Izernore
 Nantua
 Oyonnax-Nord
 Oyonnax-Sud
 Poncin

France-related lists
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Ain department
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark; 10 June 1921 – 9 April 2021; )  was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. He was originally a Prince of Greece and Denmark. He was born on the dining room table in a villa on the Greek island of Corfu, on 10 June 1921. He was the only son and fifth and final child of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark and Princess Alice of Battenberg.

Early life
Prince Philip was on active service in the Royal Navy throughout the Second World War. At the end of the war he was on the destroyer HMS Whelp in the Pacific, and was in Tokyo Bay for the Japanese surrender on 2 September 1945. 

After he changed his nationality, he became known as Philip Mountbatten. His cousin was Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma.

On 19 November 1947, he was made a Knight of the Garter, and given the style of "Royal Highness".

Consort
On 20 November 1947, he married Princess Elizabeth, the heiress presumptive to King George VI, he became the Duke of Edinburgh. He was made a Prince of the United Kingdom in 1957. King Edward VII Hospital as  a “precautionary measure” after feeling unwell. On 23 February, it was announced that he had an infection.

Death

On 9 April 2021, it was announced by Buckingham Palace that Prince Phillip had died inside his home at Windsor Castle. An official statement by Buckingham Palace was released on Twitter.

"It is with deep sorrow that Her Majesty The Queen has announced the death of her beloved husband, His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. His Royal Highness passed away peacefully this morning at Windsor Castle."

His funeral was held on 17 April 2021 and he was buried at St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle that same day.

References

Notes

1921 births
2021 deaths
British Anglicans
British Army officers
British military personnel of World War II
British royalty
Danish royalty
Greek people
House of Windsor
Kings and Queens consort of the United Kingdom
Knights and Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Knights of the Garter
Knights of the Thistle
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Order of Australia
Order of Merit
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Recipients of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
Royal Navy officers
United Kingdom Dukes
Elizabeth II
William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death. William, the third son of George III of the United Kingdom and younger brother and successor to George IV was the last person to rule both the United Kingdom and Hanover. His niece, Victoria, ruled only the United Kingdom, not Hanover.

He lived for 20 years with Sophia Jordan. They had ten children.

Children

Legitimate
All William IV's legitimate children (children with his wife) died before he became king, so they were therefore styled as Prince/Princess of Clarence with the style of Royal Highness.

Illegitimate children with Sophia Jordan
George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster
Henry FitzClarence
Sophia Sidney, Baroness De L'Isle and Dudley
Lady Mary Fox
Lord Frederick FitzClarence
Elizabeth Hay, Countess of Erroll
Lord Adolphus FitzClarence
Lady Augusta Kennedy-Erskine
Lord Augustus FitzClarence
Amelia Cary, Viscountess Falkland

Ancestors

Other websites

1765 births
1837 deaths
Kings and Queens of the United Kingdom
People Buried in St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle
Kings and Queens of Hanover
This is a list of the 42 cantons of the Aisne department, in France, by arrondissement:

Arrondissement of Château-Thierry (5 cantons) 
 Charly-sur-Marne
 Château-Thierry
 Condé-en-Brie
 Fère-en-Tardenois
 Neuilly-Saint-Front

Arrondissement of Laon (13 cantons) 
 Anizy-le-Château
 Chauny
 Coucy-le-Château-Auffrique
 Craonne
 Crécy-sur-Serre
 La Fère
 Laon-Nord
 Laon-Sud
 Marle
 Neufchâtel-sur-Aisne
 Rozoy-sur-Serre
 Sissonne
 Tergnier

Arrondissement of Saint-Quentin (9 cantons) 
 Bohain-en-Vermandois
 Le Catelet
 Moÿ-de-l'Aisne
 Ribemont
 Saint-Quentin-Centre
 Saint-Quentin-Nord
 Saint-Quentin-Sud
 Saint-Simon
 Vermand

Arrondissement of Soissons (7 cantons) 
 Braine
 Oulchy-le-Château
 Soissons-Nord
 Soissons-Sud
 Vailly-sur-Aisne
 Vic-sur-Aisne
 Villers-Cotterêts

Arrondissement of Vervins (8 cantons) 
 Aubenton
 La Capelle
 Guise
 Hirson
 Le Nouvion-en-Thiérache
 Sains-Richaumont
 Vervins
 Wassigny

France-related lists
Hauts-de-France
Aisne department
The use of energy is important to human society for handling problems in the environment. Developed societies use energy resources for agriculture, transportation, garbage collection, information technology and human communication. The use of energy has increased since the Industrial Revolution. This has brought a number of serious problems such as global warming.

Production and use of energy resources is important to the economy of the world. Making sure energy is used well is needed for any society.

energy is needed for the smooth running of activities in our society which makes it wanted in a high alarming rate and is extremely expensive
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another through mutual (electromagnetic induction) and without change in frequency. Transformers are an important part of electrical systems.  

Transformers are made in many different sizes, from a very small coupling transformer inside a stage microphone to big units that carry hundreds of MVA used in power grids.

The main reason to use a transformer is to make power of one voltage level into power of another voltage level. High voltage is easier to send a long distance, but less voltage is easier and safer to use in the office or home.
Transformers are used to increase or decrease alternating current (AC) voltage in circuits. The transformer is usually built with two coils around the same core. The primary coil or input coil is connected to supply side while secondary coil supplies power to load. The second one is called the output coil. Energy is transferred from the primary to the secondary by electromagnetism. In power grids many transformers are used. These are networks for delivering electricity from the generator and to the user. 

The transformers in your neighborhood, on electricity poles, or the ones connected to underground wires, usually transform high voltage of 7,200 volts to 220-240 volts of electricity to power lights and appliances such as refrigerators in homes and businesses. Some countries, such as America use different voltages in homes, such as 120 volts.  Transformers cannot increase power, so if the voltage is raised, the current is proportionally lowered. If the voltage is lowered, the current is proportionally increased.

Transformers inside electronics equipment provide the kinds of electricity the various parts need. 

There are several basic types of transformers:
 Step-up transformer: the voltage output is greater than the voltage input.
 Step-down transformer: the voltage input is greater than the voltage output.
 Some transformers have the same output voltage as input voltage and are used to electrically isolate two electrical circuits.

Gallery

References 

Electricity
Electronics
Bangor is a town in County Down, Northern Ireland.

Population facts 
On 29 April 2001 the United Kingdom government had a census and saw that there were 58,388 people living in Bangor. They also saw that:
 20.2% of people in Bangor were under 16 years old and 20.3% were over 60 years old
 47.7% of people were male and 52.3% were female
 82.7% were from a Protestant background and 10.6% were from a Roman Catholic background

References 

Towns in County Down
With Act of Union 1800 (or sometimes Act of Union 1801) (Irish: Acht an Aontais 1800) is used to describe two Acts are meant. Their official titles are the Union with Ireland Act 1800 (1800 c.67 39 and 40 Geo 3), an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, and the Act of Union (Ireland) 1800 (1800 c.38 40 Geo 3), an Act of the Parliament of Ireland.

These two Acts merged the Kingdom of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain, (being itself a merger of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland under the Acts of Union 1707), to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

The Union Flag

The flag created as a consequence of the merger combined the flags of England and Scotland with "St Patrick's Cross" to represent Ireland. Wales is not included on the Union Flag, as when the original Union Flag was devised Wales was a part of the Kingdom of England.

References

Sources
Ward, Alan J. The Irish Constitutional Tradition: Responsible Government and Modern Ireland 1782-1992. Irish Academic Press, 1994.
Lalor, Brian (ed). The Encyclopaedia of Ireland. Gill & Macmillan, Dublin, Ireland, 2003. , p7

Other websites
 Act of Union - Virtual Library 
  Acts of Union - complete original text 

History of Ireland
19th century in the United Kingdom
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
1800
Traunstein is a rural district in Upper Bavaria in south Bavaria, Germany.

Towns and municipalities

Towns
 Tittmoning
 Traunreut
 Traunstein
 Trostberg

Markt
 Grassau
 Waging am See¹
¹ 

Verwaltungsgemeinschaften
 Bergen
 Marquartstein
 Obing
 Waging am See

Municipalities

|}

References

Other websites

 Official website (German)

 
Districts of Bavaria
There are 3 arrondissements in the Ardèche department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of the Ardèche are:

History
Since its creation, the Ardèche department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with seven districts: Annonay, Aubenas, L'Argentière, Privas, Tournon, Vernoux and Villeneuve-de-Berg; the capital was Privas alternating with Annonay, Aubenas, Le Bourg(-Saint-Andéol) and Tournon. In August of that year, the number of districts was reduced to three: Mézenc, Aubenas and Tanargue. In September, Privas became the only capital of the department.
 1800 : creation of three arrondissements: Privas, L'Argentière and Tournon.
 1988 : Tournon changed its name to Tournon-sur-Rhône.

Related pages
Arrondissement of Largentière
Arrondissement of Privas
Arrondissement of Tournon-sur-Rhône
List of arrondissements of France

References

 
Lists of arrondissements of France
John Keats (31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821) was an English poet. He is often ranked as one of the five most important poets of the Romantic movement in English literature; the other four are William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, and Percy Bysshe Shelley. Though Keats was the youngest of these poets, he also died before the others: he suffered from tuberculosis and died in Rome at the age of 25.

Keats was the son of an inn-keeper Thomas Keats, who died when Keats was nine years old and Frances Keats; and his mother died of tuberculosis in 1810. The young Keats began studying to be a surgeon, though his interest in literature grew stronger than his interest in medicine. He became a friend and follower of the poet and editor James Henry Leigh Hunt, and made his first attempts to write his own poetry. Keats's active writing life lasted only about six years, from the spring of 1814 through 1819. 

His short life meant that he wrote less than many other poets. His longest poems, Endymion and Hyperion, tell stories from ancient Greek mythology. Many of his shorter poems are among the best known in English literature, including the ballad "La Belle Dame sans Merci" and his sonnets and odes.

Keats was an active letter-writer throughout his life, like many people of his time. Hundreds of his letters to friends and relatives have survived, and Keats is often called one of the great letter writers in the English language.

References

Other websites

The poetical works of John Keats, edited by William T. Arnold, Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., London 1884. 

1795 births
1821 deaths
Deaths from tuberculosis
English poets
Literature since 1500
Writers from London
Endymion is one of the major poems of the English Romantic poet John Keats. It is his longest poem. Keats wrote the poem in 1817, and it was printed in a book in 1818. The poem's opening line is one of the most famous lines of poetry in English literature:

A thing of beauty is a joy forever.

Keats called the poem "A Poetical Romance." He wrote in four sections or "Books," and each section is about a thousand lines long. The poem is written in a form called rhymed couplets, which means that every two lines rhyme together. The story is based on the tale of Endymion from Greek mythology.

Endymion was criticized harshly when it was first published. Some of Keats's friends and admirers, like the poet Shelley, believed that the stress of this hostile reaction had a bad effect on Keats's mind, and partly caused his early death from tuberculosis at the age of 25. But most modern critics and scholars of English literature do not think this is true.

19th-century British poems
Hyperion is one of the major poems of the English Romantic poet John Keats. The poem is based on the tale from Greek mythology that tells how the Titan Hyperion, the first Greek sun god, was replaced by Apollo.

Keats worked on the poem mainly in August and September 1818. He finished the first two sections or "Books," each between 350 and 400 lines long, and he also wrote 135 lines of Book III. But he was not satisfied with what he had written; he re-wrote it bit by bit until April 1819, when he gave up for a while. Some critics and scholars think that Keats set out to write the kind of long poem he had already done in his Endymion in 1817 – but his outlook on poetry had changed, to a point where he was no longer happy writing the kind of mythological epic that many other poets of his time tried to write.

Keats tried to re-do the poem in a new form that he called The Fall of Hyperion. He worked on this second version during the last six months of 1819, and though he wrote more than 500 lines, he gave up this second attempt too. He was never able to complete either version of the poem in a way that satisfied him.

Keats wrote the poem in blank verse, without rhyme. Though neither version was ever finished, some critics think that they contain some of Keats's best verse, as in the gloomy and powerful opening lines of the first Hyperion:

Deep in the shady sadness of a vale
Far sunken from the healthy breath of morn,
Far from the fiery noon, and eve's one star,
Sat gray-hair'd Saturn, quiet as a stone,
Still as the silence round about his lair;
Forest on forest hung about his head
Like cloud on cloud.

["vale" = valley; "morn" = morning; "eve" = evening]

19th-century British poems
With a number namely a and another smaller number b, the ratio of the two numbers is found by dividing them. Their ratio is a/b. Another ratio is found by adding the two numbers together  and dividing this by the larger number a.  The new ratio is (a+b)/a. If these two ratios are equal to the same number, then that number is called the golden ratio.  The Greek letter  (phi) is usually used as the name for the golden ratio.

For example, if b = 1 and a/b = , then a = . The second ratio (a+b)/a is then . Because these two ratios are equal, this is true:

One way to write this number is
 is a number which, when multiplied by itself, makes 5: .

The golden ratio is called an irrational number. That means that if a person tries to write it, it will never stop and never make a pattern, but it will start like this: 1.6180339887... An important thing about this number is that if you subtract 1 from it or divide 1 by it, you'll get the same number.

Golden rectangle 

If the length of a rectangle divided by its width is equal to the golden ratio, then the rectangle is a "golden rectangle". If a square is cut off from one end of a golden rectangle, then the other end is a new golden rectangle. In the picture, the big rectangle (blue and pink together) is a golden rectangle because . The blue part (B) is a square, and the pink part by itself (A) is another golden rectangle because . The big rectangle and the pink rectangle have the same form, but the pink rectangle is smaller and is turned.

Fibonacci numbers 

The Fibonacci numbers are a list of numbers. A person can find the next number in the list by adding the last two numbers together. If a person divides a number in the list by the number that came before it, this ratio comes closer and closer to the golden ratio.

Golden ratio in nature

In nature, the golden ratio is often used for the arrangement of leaves or flowers. These use the golden angle of approximately 137.5 degrees. Leaves or flowers arranged in that angle best use sunlight.

Related pages 

 Fibonacci numbers
 Phi

References

Other websites
Easy to understand golden ratio article
Golden Ratio -Citizendium
 Golden ratio in the works of the contemporary painter slikara Alfred F. Krupa, YouTube-video
Irrational numbers
Mathematical constants
A relational database is a way of storing information (data). The database matches data by using identical information that is found within the data set. The resulting groups of data are organized and are much easier for many people to understand.

For example, a database has all information about real-estate sales in a town. This information can be grouped by year, or by sale price, or by buyer's last name and so on. Such a grouping uses the relational model (a technical term for this is schema). Hence, such a database is called a "relational database."

The software used to do this grouping is called a relational database management system (RDBMS). The term "relational database" often refers to this type of software.

Relational databases are currently the main way in which companies store information like financial records, medical records, personal information and manufacturing and logistical data.

The term relational database was originally defined by and is attributed to Edgar Codd at IBM Almaden Research Center in 1970.

References

Computer science

RDBMS(Relational Database Management System):- RDBMS is a software package used to store and retrieve data is organized in the form of tables. In other words RDBMS store information in rows and columns and conducts searches by using data in specified columns and rows of one tables as well as to find additional data in another related table.
Two dimensional table is a natural way to represent data to a user. A table must be set up in a way that no information about the relations among data elements is lost.
The Kingdom of Scotland was a historic country and state. It started in the Early Middle Ages and was in existence until the Early Modern Period.

After 1603, it had the same monarch as the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Ireland. In 1653, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the government of Oliver Cromwell made Scotland into part of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland: a republic. However, at The Restoration, Scotland started again to be a kingdom. It combined with the Kingdom of England to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 because of the Acts of Union 1707.

References

Related pages
Scotland
Parliament of Scotland

Former countries in Europe
History of Scotland
Amazing Grace is a 2006 movie about the fight to end the slave trade in 18th century Britain. Led by famous abolitionist, William Wilberforce. He created anti-slave trade laws in the British Parliament.

The movie is directed by Michael Apted, written by Steven Knight, and stars Ioan Gruffudd. The first release date for this movie was September 16, 2006 in Canada. It was released in the United States on February 23, 2007. Several other areas had other dates.

On the opening weekend, this movie made around four million dollars. It went on to make an all-time worldwide total of over 32 million dollars.

Amazing Grace was named "Best Spiritual Film of 2008" in the third annual "Beliefnet Film Awards".

References

Other websites 
 Official Website
 

2006 drama movies
2000s biographical movies
2000s American biographical movies
2000s American drama movies
British biographical movies
British drama movies
Movies directed by Michael Apted
Carmen Lyra (January 15, 1888  – May 14, 1949) was the pseudonym of the first prominent female Costa Rican writer, born María Isabel Carvajal Quesada.

Life 
Lyra studied at the school in her neighborhood in the Buenaventura Corrales. She studied pedagogy at the college and got the teacher’s certification. Lyra began teaching in the rural El Monte School in the province of Heredia. In 1906, she worked in the San Juan de Dios Hospital for a short time.

Teaching methods 
Lyra travelled to Europe. While there, she  learned about new educational systems. When she returned, she worked with a teacher and founded the first pre-school in Costa Rica.

Writing career 
Lyra's first publication was the novel En una silla de ruedas (In a Wheelchair), in 1918. Her short stories were published in the Pandemonium Magazine, Ariel Magazine, and the Repertorio Americano. 

The stories of Carmen Lyra have been used in many schools. The most popular is Cuentos de mi tía Panchita (Story of my aunt Panchita). It was published in 1920. This story is well known by most Costa Rican.

Other works of Maria Isabel Carvajal are Las fantasias de Juan Silvestre (1918), Obras Completas (1975), La cucarachita mandina (1976) and  relatos escogidos (1977).

 Politics 
Carmen Lyra was involved in Costa Rican politics. She was part of the communist party. 

She helped organize women schoolteachers to burn down the building of the official newspaper and to overthrow the dictatorship of Costa Rica's Federico Tinoco Granados in 1919. She is credited with translating the Communist Manifesto into Spanish in 1920. She went on to take a leading role in the banana workers' strike of 1934. During this time, she wrote Bananos y Hombres'' (Bananas and Men). 

In 1948, she was forced into leave Costa Rica after the Costa Rican Civil War because of her politics. She went to Mexico and died there in 1949.

1888 births
1949 deaths

Teachers
Costa Rican people
North American writers
People from San José, Costa Rica
How Pop Can You Get? was the first and only album by American band The Bats. 
Members were Jon Brion, Bill Murphy and Don "Riff" Fertman.
It was recorded in New Haven and West Haven, Connecticut and released on the Gustav label (Gustav UA1001) in the fall of 1982.
Called "The Pop(ulist) album of the Year" by OP: The Lost Music network, the record received much critical acclaim and was even a Billboard magazine "Recommended LP" when reviewed in the October 2, 1982 issue. The album, however, ultimately failed to chart.

Track listing
All music and lyrics by The Bats (Jon Brion, Bill Murphy, Don Fertman) 

"Chauve-Souris" – :45
"How Pop Can You Get?" – 2:42
"Not Easy For Me" – 3:33
"Will She ever Come Around?" – 3:15
"Mr. Peculiar" – 2:45
"Living In Alaska" – 3:05
"Not My Girl Anymore" – 3:15
"Something Ventured" – 3:26
"Hey Teen-Age" – 5:25
"Why Does Suzy Have Bad Dreams?" – 3:07
"Paranoid Schizophrenic" – 3:01
"Every Night" – 3:58
"Too Out Bottom of the Ninth" – 7:26

Other websites
-Download album at iTunes
 Review-"Willfully Obscure"
  Review-"Ex-Libris"
  Review Mog.com
 Nail Polish Soundtrack at IMDB

1982 albums
Pop albums
Skokie, Illinois is a village in Illinois. It was once known as Niles Center.  It is on the northwest side of Chicago in Cook County.  The area of Skokie is 10.1 square miles (2.62 square kilometers).  According the 2000 census, its population was 63,348.  The mayor of Skokie, as of September 2014, was George Van Dusen.

History 
Skokie was named Niles Centre in 1888. By 1910, the spelling of this name was changed to Niles Center.  A nearby village was named Niles. This was confusing. Tthe name of the village was changed to Skokie has in 1940.

Villages in Illinois
1888 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
The Old Testament book of Jonah, contains four chapters, and forty-eight verses. The book tells the story of the Prophet Jonah, who was called by God to go to the heathen city of Nineveh, which God would soon destroy if they did not repent. Nineveh was the main city of the Assyrians who were the enemies of Jonah's country of Israel. So instead, Jonah ran away from God and went in a ship towards the west. God sent a great storm and the ship was about to sink.  God showed the sailors that Jonah was to blame, and although they didn't want to, they threw him out of the ship and the storm stopped.  Jonah was swallowed by a great fish (probably a whale). He repented of his sin of running away from God. Then he prayed for three days and nights. God made the great fish spit Jonah onto the dry land. Then he obeyed God and went to tell the people of their sins to God.

Jonah then went all through the city telling everyone that God was going to punish them. Their hearts were changed and they saw their evildoing. They prayed for God to deliver them from the upcoming destruction to their city. God saw their change and had mercy on them, but Jonah still did not believe it. He went to wait upon a high up rock and see God's anger against the city. God was not pleased with that so he first made a plant grow, and then sent a small worm to bite down the small gourd plant, which was Jonah's only shade from the heat of the sun. Jonah was very angry and said it was better for him to die than live. God, in turn, said that Jonah cared more about the little plant than all the people of Nineveh!

Other websites 
Book of Jonah (KJV)
Book of Jonah (NIV)

Old Testament books
The Book of Malachi, is the last of the books of the Old Testament. The book is made up of four chapters and a total of fifty-five verses. The word Malachi means my messenger. It is unknown if this is a name or if it describes the work of the writer. There are very few historical details in the Book of Malachi. The best clue as to its dating may be the Persian term for governor (pehâ) is used in Chapter 1 verse 8. This could mean that it was written after the time when the Jews were in Persia.   in the same verse, the temple has been rebuilt, the book must also be later than 515 BC. The author of Ecclesiasticus early in the 2nd century BC used some of the themes in the book of Malachi, so most scholars assign it to a position after Haggai and Zechariah, close to the time of Ezra and when Nehemiah came to Jerusalem in 445 BC. Since the book talks about things that are common in religion, it could have been given at most any time. This leaves some doubt about the date.

The Book Of Malachi uses a method of "question and answer".  God says something and the people ask how that can be true. Then God gives the reason for what He has said.  Then the next statement, question and answer follow.  The questions include:
"Does God love us"? and "Why is God angry with us"? God gives a list of wrong things they have done.  They have made offerings of second rate things in the temple. Priests have not done their work properly. Men have married women who were not followers of God.  They have not been faithful to the wives they have married. They have questioned God's justice and they have not given the tithe to the temple.

The book ends by telling everyone to obey the laws given by Moses and by saying that Elijah will return before the end of time.

Quotes from the Book of Malachi:

Chapter 3, verses 1-3 form part of the text of Handel's Messiah, a famous musical work.

Chapter 3, verse 1 is quoted by Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew Chapter 11, verse 10, and said to be about John the Baptist.

Chapter 4, verse 6 is included in a promise given to the father of John the Baptist in the Gospel of Luke Chapter 1 verse 17

Chapter 3, verse 8 has been quoted by many famous preachers to tell people that they should have given money to God and to help other people.

References

Other websites 
Book of Malachi (KJV)
Book of Malachi (NIV)
Theology

Old Testament books
Trey Lewis (born May 23, 1985 in Topeka, Kansas) is an NFL football player. He plays defensive tackle for the Atlanta Falcons. Lewis began playing for the Falcons in 2007.

Other websites
Atlanta Falcons bio 
Article about Trey Lewis being drafted
Trey Lewis Stats at Pro Football Ref.

American football defensive tackles
Sportspeople from Kansas
1985 births
Living people
People from Topeka, Kansas
Beggars Banquet is a 1968 album by British band The Rolling Stones.

1968 albums
The Rolling Stones
Rock albums
R&B albums
Simon Fraser University (SFU) is a Canadian university.  It has campuses in Burnaby Mountain in Burnaby, Vancouver and Surrey, all in British Columbia. SFU is rated as one of Canada’s top universities. It was started in 1965. SFU currently has 24,000 students. The university is named after Simon Fraser. He was an explorer of the Vancouver area.

Overview
Maclean's magazine rated SFU as Canada's best comprehensive university in 1993, 1997, 1998 and 2000. It is usually always at or near the top of the magazine's list. Research Infosource named SFU the top comprehensive university in Canada for “publication effectiveness” in 2006.

Type of university 
Like most Canadian universities, SFU is a public university. Fifty-six percent of the money used to run the school comes from taxpayers. Thirty-nine percent comes from tuition fees.

Studies 
The university teaches students in six main groups of topics. Applied Sciences, Arts and Social Sciences, Business Administration, Education, Health Sciences, and Science.

In May 2004, the SFU Senate approved the policy on degree requirements that all its undergraduate students must have. SFU was the first Canadian university to do this. The policy was created to make certain students got a more complete education.

Websites

SFU's Official website

Colleges and universities in Canada
Surrey
Vancouver
The Deportivo Saprissa is a football team of Costa Rica. The team was founded on July 16, 1935. It became a part of the top league, Primera División de Costa Rica on August 21, 1949.

Saprissa was founded because of a group of players and leaders. Ricardo Saprissa Aymá was a part of this group.  In 1952, the team won its first national championship.
Saprissa

History 
In 1937, the colors purple and white were chosen as the colors of the club.

Juani Saprissa Aymá was the president of the Saprissa. Jose Francisco “Pachico” García was their manager when the team started in the Third Division. The Deportivo Saprissa won the championship of Third Division in 1947. In 1948, they played in the Second Division. They won the championship of Second Division that year, with no games lost.

In March 1959, the team became the first Latin American team to go the around the World. The "Morados", which is the team's nickname, played 25 matches in 22 countries of the world. They won 14, tied 1 and lost 7. The team scored a total of 66 goals and had 46 goals scored against them.

During the 1970s, the Deportivo Saprissa won 6 championships. They won every championship from 1972 to 1977. On October 12, 1966, the construction of their stadium started. It is called "La Cueva del Monstruo" or simply La Cueva. After 6 years, the opening of Saprissa Stadium was held on Sunday August 27, 1972.

National Titles 
 26 National Championships: 

 15 national Sub- championships
 6 championships consecutively from 1972 to 1977

International Titles 
 3rd place in the FIFA Club World Cup Japan 2005
 3rd place in the Cup RICARD, Uruguay 2006. 
 A  Central American tournament (1970) 
 Three tournaments of  Central American Fraternity (1972 and 1973 and 1978). 
 A Camel Cup in the United States(1985). 
 Two tournaments CONCACAF (1993 and 1995). 
 Two sub- championships Inter-American Cup. 
 LG Cup (1998). 
 The Uncaf Cup 2003. 
 CONCACAF Champions 2005.

References
Statistics taken from the official website

Other websites 

Football clubs
Sport in Costa Rica
1935 establishments in North America
20th-century establishments in Costa Rica
Chirripó National Park is a national park in Costa Rica. It is located in Talamanca Mountain,  northeast of San Isidro de El General. This park forms part of La Amistad International Park between Costa Rica and Panama. Chirripó National Park was created on August 19, 1975. It has an area of . The park includes the highest mountain in Costa Rica, Cerro Chirripó. The mountain has an altitude of . 

In the indigenous language, "Chirripó" means Land of Eternal Waters. The park protects many rivers such as Rio Chirripó Atlántico, Rio Telire, Rio Chirripó Pacífico and the Rio Ceibo. 

The weather changes often and depends of the altitude. The lowest temperature recorded in Costa Rica was  in the Mount Chirripó. The warm season goes from December to May. It is recommended to visit the park in those months. 

There are many habitats in the Chirripó National Park. This is because of the differences of altitude and climate. There are large trees like oak and sweet cedar. There are also many different types of orchids. The most common animals in this region are coyotes, jaguars, squirrels, frogs, rabbits, and quetzals.

The first person known to climbed Mount Chirripó was the priest Agustin Blessing in 1904. Other expeditions before the park was created were in 1905, 1913, 1915, 1920, 1932 and 1942. The park now has trails leading to the top of the mountain. It also has a ranger station.

References

National parks in Costa Rica
There are 26 National parks in Costa Rica. These parks are managed by SINAC (Sistema Nacional de Areas de Conservacion). SINAC is part of Costa Rica's Ministry of Environment and Energy (MINAE).

List of  National Parks of Costa Rica 
Arenal Volcano National Park
Barbilla National Park
Barra Honda National Park
Braulio Carrillo National Park
Cahuita National Park
Carara National Park
Chirripó National Park
Cocos Island National Park
Corcovado National Park
Diria National Park
Guanacaste National Park
Irazú Volcano National Park
Juan Castro Blanco National Park
La Amistad International Park
La Cangreja National Park
Las Baulas National Marine Park
Manuel Antonio National Park
Maquenque National Park (proposed)
Palo Verde National Park
Piedras Blancas National Park
Poás Volcano National Park
Rincón de la Vieja Volcano National Park
Santa Rosa National Park
Tapantí National Park
Tenorio Volcano National Park
Tortuguero National Park
Turrialba Volcano National Park

Santa Rosa 
The Santa Rosa National Park in the province of Guanacaste is one of the most important historic areas of the country.

Manuel Antonio 
Manuel Antonio National Park was listed by Forbes as one of the world's 12 most beautiful national parks. This park is located on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, in the province of Puntarenas.

It has an area of 682.7 mm. It is one of Costa Rica's most scenic parks. Manuel Antonio receives a lot of national and international tourism. Another important attraction is the tropical rainforest inhabited by species of flora and fauna in danger of extinction, such as the Tití monkey.

Arenal 
Arenal National Park is located in the North Region, north of the Sierra de Tilarán. It belongs to the cantons of Tilarán, San Carlos and San Ramon.
Protect important species of flora and fauna characteristics of the rain forest and cloud forest premontane valuable scientific and tourism.

Coocoo Island 
The island is regarded as a natural laboratory for the study of the evolution of species.
Cocos Island is a territory rich landscape and a true laboratory for the study of nature. Many ferns, bromeliads, rivers, creeks and waterfalls, valleys, cliffs and islands frequented by countless seabirds and place of nesting gulls.

References

Costa Rica
The Blue Flag is a certification given to beaches by the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE). A beach that has been awarded the blue flag means that it meets the organisation's standards of environmental management. These standards are for water quality, safety, and public environmental education. Local governments try to get the Blue Flag for their beaches and marinas, to show people that they have high environmental and quality standards.

The Blue Flag is a trademark owned by FEE which is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation. It is made up of 65 organisations in 60 member countries in Europe, Africa, Oceania, Asia and the Americas.

FEE refers to the Blue Flag certificates as awards. They are issued for one year to beaches and marinas of FEE member countries. The awards are announced every year on 5 June for Europe, Canada, Morocco, Tunisia and other countries in a similar geographic location, and on 1 November for the Caribbean, New Zealand, South Africa and other countries in the Southern Hemisphere.

41 countries are currently part of the Blue Flag Programme: Aruba, Bahamas, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Russia, Romania, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom and United Arab Emirates

References

Other websites

Water pollution
Conservation
Beaches
Sarchi is a city in Costa Rica. It is famous for its art and hand-crafted furniture. Sarchi is also known for its colorful hand carts that the people there have been making for centuries. 

Sarchi has several small communities.  One of the most famous is "Los Bajos del Toro". It is  northeast from the center of Sarchi. Although the road is very old, travelers  will be able to see one of the best views in Costa Rica. "Los Bajos" has a climate that is very humid and rainy.  

Sarchi is a community made up of artists and craftsmen. It is well known for its ox carts.  Most of the ox carts in Costa Rica are created in Sarchi and are sold throughout the country and to tourists.  They are usually painted in very bright colors and patterns. In the past, these ox carts were used to carry coffee to the markets.

There are many shops in the town that sell hand-made wooden furniture and souvenirs. Some of the many items that are sold are: tables, rocking chairs, beds, jewelry, sculptures, and paintings.

Cities in Costa Rica
José María Hipólito Figueres Ferrer (September 25, 1906 – June 8, 1990) was president of Costa Rica three times. He was also the rebel leader during the Costa Rican civil war.

Early years 
Also known as Don Pepe, José Figueres Ferrer was born in San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica. His parents were from Cataluña, Spain: Mariano Rodríguez Borges and Francisca Ferrer Mendiola. Figueres entered the Primary Boys School in San Ramón of Alajuela in 1913. He got in Costa Rica’s Lyceum finishing his Secondary studies in 1920. He went to Boston, United States to travel and study. He returned to Costa Rica in 1928 and bought a coffee farm.

Civil war 
In 1942, Figueres made a speech on Latin America Radio. In this speech, he objected to the situation in Costa Rica under president Rafael Ángel Calderón. Because of this speech, he was arrested and forced to leave the country. Figueres return to Costa Rica in 1944. He started a political party, the Democratic Party. A main goal of the party was to go against Calderon's party, the National Republican Party. In 1948, supporters of Calderón caused problems with an election for president in which Calderón lost to Otilio Ulate. Because of this, the results of the election were not used. This led to the start of the civil war in 1948. In March 11, 1948, Don Pepe began a war to support the peoples decision at the previous election. Figueres and his troops won.

President of Costa Rica 
In the same year, José Figueres Ferrer became president of the Second Republic Founder Assembly. He became president of Costa Rica for the first time and eliminated the Costa Rica army. He became President of Costa Rica for the second time in 1953 winning the election with 65% of the votes. In 1970, he became Costa Rica’s President for the third time. Figueres died June 8, 1990. Five months later he was declared Benemérito de la Patria.

Achievements 
In the 1953-1958 administration, very important institutions are created. These included:
 Living and Urbanism National Institute (INVU).
 Costarrican Turism Institute (ICT).
 He promulgated the Production National Council Organism Law (CNP).

During his last administration (1970-1974) a lot of institutes were created such as:
 Municipal Foment and Consultancy Institute (IFAM).
 Costa Rica’s Technological Institute (ITCR).
 Costa Rica’s National College.
 Culture, Youth and Sports Ministry.

1906 births
1990 deaths

Presidents of Costa Rica