cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin  (12 May 1910 – 29 July 1994), was a British chemist, credited with the development of protein crystallography. Hodgkin received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964.

Early Life 
Hodgkin was born in Cairo, Egypt. She and her sisters were sent to live in England when World War l started. She spent the rest of her life there. Her mother was an expert on nature and Ancient Egyptian Textiles. Hodgkin’s father was a British archeologist and scholar.

Career 
She studied crystals and became a teacher Somerville College at University of Oxford. In 1969, Hodgkin was able to use computer technology discover the structure of Insulin. Insulin is a protein in the body that is used to treat diabetes. 

She advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography, a method used to determine the three dimensional structures of biomolecules. 

Ernst Chain thought he found the structure of penicillin. Hodgkin proved he was right. She also found the structure of vitamin B12. For her work she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. 

In 1969, after 35 years of work and five years after winning the Nobel Prize, Hodgkin was able to find the structure of insulin. 

X-ray crystallography became a widely used tool and helped to find structures of many biological molecules such as DNA. The structure of molecules helps us understand how they work.

Honors 
Apart from the Nobel Prize, she was appointed to the Order of Merit, and given the Copley Medal, the top award of the Royal Society.

She was Chancellor of Bristol University from 1970 to 1988, and President of Pugwash from 1976 to 1988. Pugwash is an organization which holds conferences on Science and World Affairs. 

Her best-known student was Margaret Thatcher, who consulted her when she (Thatcher) was in office.

Controversies 
Hodgkin was not allowed to enter the United States without special permission from the CIA. She protested and wanted world peace. She also had a good relationship with J.D. Bernal, who was considered too liberal. She received the Lenin Peace Prize in 1987.

Hodgkin died of a stroke in 1994.

References 

Fellows of the Royal Society
Order of Merit
Nobel Prize in Chemistry winners
People from Warwickshire
British chemists
1910 births
1994 deaths
British biologists
British Nobel Prize winners
"Friday" is a song by American singer Rebecca Black. It was written and produced by Clarence Jey and Patrice Wilson. It was released as a single on February 10, 2011, and then, it premiered on iTunes on March 14, 2011 by Ark Music Factory as Black's debut single.

Background

A worker for Ark Music Factory told Rebecca Black's mother about the company's production services in late 2010; Black was 13 years old at the time. She was living in Anaheim Hills, California. Rebecca Black's mother, Georgina Kelly, paid Ark Music $4,000 for a song and a music video that included a choice of two songs written beforehand. Black chose "Friday", as "the other song was about adult love – I haven't experienced that yet. I felt like it was my personality in that song."

The payment covered one half or less of the production costs of the music video, and Black's family could have paid nothing in exchange for giving up all rights to the song. Black chose "Friday", as "the other song was about adult love – I haven't experienced that yet. I felt like it was my personality in that song." Ark Music extensively used the pitch-correcting software Auto-Tune. Although Kelly had some doubts over the quality of the lyrics, Black assured her that "I sang it as they wrote it, Mom." "Friday" co-writer Patrice Wilson explained that "I wrote the lyrics on a Thursday night going into a Friday. I was writing different songs all night and was like, 'Wow, I've been up a long time and it's Friday.' And I was like, wow, it is Friday!"

Reception
The music video for the song became a viral video. The song was criticized for the lyrics, the use of Auto-Tune and the video. On March 11, 2011, the video's view count on YouTube was still about 4,000. As of April 15, 2011, the video had over 102 million views, 2.1 million comments, 240 000 "likes" and 2 million "dislikes". Since the growth in popularity of the song and video, there have been numerous parody videos and remixes.  Forbes has said that the unpopularity of the song is another sign of the power of social media – specifically Twitter, Facebook, and Tumblr. It also said these media could create "overnight sensations." Despite the very bad reviews, pop music celebrities Chris Brown, Miley Cyrus, and Simon Cowell have supported Black.

References

2011 songs
Pop songs
Aurora is a Home Rule Municipality in the U.S. state of Colorado. The city is in Arapahoe, Adams, and Douglas counties. It is the third biggest city by number of people in Colorado, and the 59th biggest city by number of people in the United States. The city's population was 325,078 during the 2010 United States Census.

Main cities 
Denver and Aurora are the main cities of the Denver-Aurora-Broomfield, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area, a United States metropolitan area (MSA). In 2007, the cities within the statistical area had about 2,464,866 people, which makes it the MSA with the 22nd most people. 

However, Denver and Aurora together make up less than half of the Denver-Aurora-Broomfield Metropolitan Statistical Area's people and Aurora has about half of the population of Denver. In 2007, the Denver–Aurora–Boulder Combined Statistical Area (CSA) had about 2,998,878 people. That makes it the CSA with the fifteenth most people.

History
Aurora started in the 1880s, when it was known as Fletcher, the name of Denver businessman Donald Fletcher. Fletcher thought of Aurora as a chance for real estate. He and his companions went out four square miles east of Denver, but the town and Colorado were not doing well after the Silver Crash of 1893.

Shootings 
On July 20, 2012, a spree shooting took place at a during the midnight premiere of The Dark Knight Rises at a local movie theater - 12 people were shot dead.

References

 
1880s establishments in Colorado
{{Infobox Album
| name = All Killer, No Filler 
| type = studio
| artist = Sum 41
| cover = 
| released = May 8, 2001
| recorded = 2000-2001
| genre = Pop punk, pop rock
| length = 32:13
| language = English
| label = Aquarius (Canada)Island (US)
| producer = Jerry Finn
| Reviews     = * Allmusic  
| prev_title = Half Hour Of Power(2000)
, No Filler(2001)
| next_title = Does This Look Infected?(2002)
}}All Killer, No Filler''' is the first studio album by Canadian rock band, Sum 41. It was released on May 8, 2001. The producer of the album was Jerry Finn. The album was ranked as the 9th greatest punk pop album of all time by Top40.com.

Songs

References

2001 albums
Sum 41 albums
A rotary evaporator (or rotavap) is  commonly used in chemical laboratories to remove solvents by evaporation.

The liquid is put in a round-bottomed flask and placed in the device. The rotavap spins and heats the flask and reduces the pressure inside by creating a vacuum. The vacuum makes the liquid evaporate at a low temperature than normal. The liquid becomes a gas and is collected by cooling it so it condenses into another flask.

If there are substances dissolved in the liquid they will be left behind in when it evaporates. If water with salt dissolved in it is evaporated, then pure water and dry salt will be separated. Scientists use rotary evaporators to remove the liquid a solid is dissolved in.

Rotary evaporators are often quicker to use than evaporating basins. They can be used for distillations.

References

Laboratory equipment
Chemistry

ja:エバポレーター#ロータリーエバポレーター
"Reptar on Ice" was the twenty-third episode of the Nickelodeon show Rugrats. It aired November 8, 1992.

Summary 
Tommy is disgruntled at a comment Angelica makes at a breakfast about the dinosaurs being extinct and expresses his concern to the other babies of the possibility of Reptar being extinct too. After an accidental suggestion by Chuckie's that he's "hiding," the babies look for him in the backyard and discover a lizard which looks exactly like him and come to assumption that it is Reptar's child. To keep him in a secret from the grown-ups, Tommy hides the lizard inside his diaper and the lizard crawls around inside Tommy’s diaper causing him to twitch and squirm a lot while the babies ponder what to do with Reptar's Baby. A commercial for "Reptar on Ice" suddenly plays, to the shock of the babies and Stu decides to take them all. The babies are now thrilled because they can now "return" the lizard to its "father".

As they arrive at the ice show, Leo, the actor portraying "Reptar", shows his outrage at the theme of the show manager, Harry, how he questions why he chose to the play the part due to his dislike of children, lizards, and his inability to the ice skate. The performance begins and as it continues, the adults fall asleep; the babies then take this time to give the lizard to "Reptar." They go onto the ice and rides on the props to catch up with him. They get caught in the midst of a scene and inadvertently interrupt the performance; Leo tries to continue performing, but freaks out and runs off when Tommy shows him the lizard. Stu gets on the ice and picks up the babies, to the audience's applause. As Stu is holding Tommy up against him, the lizard crawls out of Tommy’s diaper looking around then notices another place to explore which is Stu’s jeans and jumps out of Tommy’s diaper and inside Stu’s jeans making Stu move abnormally causing him to strongly twitch and squirm as the lizard crawls around inside his jeans....

Cast 
 Tommy Pickles (voiced by E.G. Daily)
 Phil and Lil DeVille (voiced by Kath Soucie)
 Chuckie Finster (voiced by Christine Cavanaugh)
 Angelica Pickles (voiced by Cheryl Chase)
 Reptar (voiced by John Schuck)
 Stu Pickles (voiced by Jack Riley)
 Grandpa Lou (voiced by David Doyle)
 Didi Pickles (voiced by Melanie Chartoff)

Home releases 
"Reptar on Ice" was released on the VHS Rugrats: Return of Reptar, the DVD Rugrats: Decade in Diapers, Rugrats: Season 2 and will be released on Rugrats: The Complete Series.

Rugrats
1992 television episodes
Peter Connelly (1 March 2006 – 3 August 2007) (also known as "Baby P", "Child A" and "Baby Peter") was a 17-month-old British child. He died of child abuse on 3 August 2007 in London, England after suffering more than 50 injuries over an eight-month period. His mother, her partner and his brother were sent to prison for attacking him. The case resulted in several big investigations into how the social services department of Haringey Council carried out its job looking after children in danger.

References

2007 crimes
2007 in the United Kingdom
2000s in London
August events
Crime in London
London Borough of Haringey
The Major Oak is the main Tree in Sherwood Forest. Legend said Robin Hood lived near here.

It weighs an estimated 23 tons, has a waistline of 33 feet (10m), and is about 800–1000 years old.  Because of its age, the tree is held up by chains.

In June 2002, the Tree Council decided that The Major Oak was one of fifty "Great British Trees" in because of its place in the national heritage.

References

Nottinghamshire
Legends
Trees
Jar Jar Binks is a fictional character from the Star Wars movie Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace. He also appears in Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones and Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith. He is a Gungan and was born on the planet Naboo. Jar Jar is treated like the "class clown" by the other Gungans, and is often yelled at for being clumsy. This changes when two Jedi named Obi-Wan Kenobi and Qui-Gon Jinn are stranded on Naboo and Jar Jar accidentally stumbles into them in a swamp. He shows them his home, an underwater city built by Gungans to stay away from humans. There, he gets in trouble for letting humans into their secret city. The Jedi use the Force to convince the Gungan leader, Boss Nass, to let them leave safely. He is hated by many fans, and critics have accused him of being a racist stereotype of black people.

Reception
Jar Jar is considered one of the worst characters in movie history since his debut. Because of this, his actor, Ahmed Best nearly killed himself due to the death threats toward his character.

Fictional characters introduced in 1999
Star Wars characters
Sonic & Knuckles is the fourth video game in the Sonic the Hedgehog series. It was made by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Sega Mega Drive in 1994. In the game, you are able to play as Sonic the Hedgehog and Knuckles the Echidna. You can insert a Sonic the Hedgehog 2 or Sonic the Hedgehog 3 cartridge into it and you will get new modes for those games. This is called Lock-on Technology.

How to play the game 

This game is similar to Sonic the Hedgehog 3. The point of the game is to collect Rings, defeat robots and get to the end of a Zone.

In Sonic and Knuckles, there are eight Zones. But only Super Sonic can reach the last Zone of the game. Only Sonic or Tails can play the second to last Zone, the Death Egg. Most zones have two levels, which are named "acts" in the game. At the end of every act 1, you've got to fight one of Dr. Eggman's robots, and at the end of every act 2, you've got to fight Dr. Eggman himself. There are small robots called "Badniks" in the acts. Most of them can be destroyed if you jump on them. If the badnik is destroyed, a little animal jumps out of it. 

Rings are floating in the air and they are gold. If you collect 100 or 200 Rings, you get a life. If you have no Rings and something hits you (for example, a badnik, spike, or Dr. Eggman), you lose a life. 

There are also Starposts in the acts. If you hit a Starpost, it will spin for a bit, and if you lose a life, you restart at the last Starpost you touched. Starposts can be used to go to the Bonus Stage, if you touch them if you have 20 or more Rings. Then, a ring made of stars will spin above the Starpost, and if you jump into it, you go to the Bonus Stage.

Notes 

Sonic the Hedgehog games
1994 video games
Platform games
Sega Genesis games
Video games developed in Japan
Video game sequels
Frank Oz (born Richard Frank Oznowicz on May 25, 1944) is an English-American puppeteer, actor, and filmmaker. He is known for his work on The Muppets, Star Wars, and Sesame Street. He also directed some popular films, such as Little Shop of Horrors and Dirty Rotten Scoundrels. His most popular puppets are Yoda and Cookie Monster. He played Cookie Monster, Bert and Grover on Sesame Street and he did Miss Piggy, Fozzie Bear, Animal, and Sam the Eagle on the Muppets.

References

1944 births
Living people
American voice actors
American television actors
English voice actors
English television actors
Muppets
Puppeteers
People from Hereford
Electron crystallography is a method to determine the arrangement of atoms in solids using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

This method works in many cases where X-ray crystallography does not. The latter needs large 3-D crystals to work.

Protein structures are usually done from 2-dimensional crystals (sheets or helices), polyhedrons such as viral capsids, or dispersed proteins. Electrons can be used in these situations, whereas X-rays cannot, because electrons interact more strongly with atoms than X-rays do.

Electron crystallography is a method to determine the arrangement of atoms in solids using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The method was invented by Aaron Klug, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this, and his studies on virus structures and transfer RNA, in 1982.

The first electron crystallographic protein structure to be solved was bacteriorhodopsin in 1990.
Since then, several other high-resolution structures have been done by electron crystallography, including the light-harvesting complex, and the bacterial flagellum.

Related pages
Crystallography
X-ray crystallography
Spectroscopy

References 

Technology
Chemistry
Molecular biology
Physics
Sir Paul Nurse PRS (Paul Maxime Nurse, born Norwich, 25 January 1949) is a British geneticist and cell biologist.

He was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, with Leland Hartwell and Timothy Hunt, for their discoveries about cell division.

They discovered cycle of cell division is regulated by cyclin and cyclin dependent kinases.

Sir Paul is the current President of the Royal Society and Chief Executive and Director of the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation.

He is also Emeritus Professor and Head of the Laboratory for Yeast genetics and Cell Biology at the Rockefeller University, New York City.

Nurse was awarded the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 2005.

References 

1949 births
Living people
English biologists
English geneticists
Knights Bachelor
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
People from Norwich
Presidents of the Royal Society
British Nobel Prize winners
Charlie Brown is the main character in the comic strip Peanuts by Charles M. Schulz.

Friends
Sally: She is Charlie Brown's younger sister. Her character is argumentative.
Linus: He is an intellectual. He always has his favorite blanket. 
Lucy: She is always bold. She doesn't like talking logically. 
Woodstock: He is a small, yellow bird. Only Snoopy can communicate with him and recognize him.
Schroeder: He is a pianist and likes Beethoven. He usually plays the piano.
Peppermint Patty: She is bold but dull. She is a good baseball player, but not good at studying.
Marcie: She is a good friend of Peppermint Patty. She is earnest, but not good at baseball.
Pigpen: He is optimistic. He can gather dust like a magnet.
Franklin: He is thoughtful and calm. He played with Charlie Brown and made friends.
bob the builder: bob the builder
Ryan and his milk: Ryan is obsessed with Cheese Whiz and enjoys milk
Brendon's forehead: loves Ryan, has a huge forehead

References

Comics
Stan and Jan Berenstain were American authors and illustrators. They are best known for their books about the "Berenstain Bears" and "Blair Investigates". 

Stanley Melvin Berenstain (September 29, 1923 – November 26, 2005) was born in West Philadelphia. Janice Marian Berenstain (July 26, 1923 – February 24, 2012) was also born in Philadelphia. Both served in World War II. 

On November 26, 2005, Stanley Berenstain died of cancer. He was 82. Jan died February 24, 2012, from a stroke.

Books
The couple's first published a book in 1951. It was The Berenstains' Baby Book. They then published two more books on parenthood.

The first book with the Berenstain Bears was The Big Honey Hunt. It was published in 1962 and the first book with the Blair Investigates was A Investigate Star is Born It was published in 1968. Theodor Geisel (best known as Dr. Seuss) was the editor for the early books in the series. Over 300 books have been published in 23 languages.

References

1923 births
2005 deaths
2012 deaths
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American illustrators
Deaths from cancer
The Tivoli-Neu is a football stadium in Innsbruck, Austria. It is the homeground of FC Wacker Innsbruck and the Swarco Raiders Tirol, an American Football team. The stadium was one venue of the UEFA Euro 2008.

History
The Tivoli-Neu replaces the old Tivoli stadium which was closed down in 2004. Since the insolvency of FC Tirol in 2002 the stadium is used by FC Wacker Innsbruck, the follower of the old club. For the UEFA Euro 2008 the stadium was used for matches. It was temporarily expanded to a capacity of 30 000.

Matches

International matches
 25 April 2001 Austria– Liechtenstein 2:0 (1:0)
 11 June 2003 Austria-  Belarus  5:0 (1:0)
 28 April 2004 Austria- Luxemburg 4:1 (2:0)
 11 October 2006 Austria- Switzerland 2:1 (2:0)
 17 October 2007 Austria-  Ivory Coast 3:2 (1:0)
 11 June 2008 Spain- Russia 4:1 (2:0) UEFA Euro 2008
 14 June 2008 Sweden- Spain 1:2 (1:1)UEFA Euro 2008
 18 June 2008 Russia - Sweden 2:0 (1:0)UEFA Euro 2008
 10 October 2009 Austria-  Lithuania 2:1 (1:0)
 28 May 2010 Spain- Saudia Arabia 3:2

International matches of FC Tirol 
 14 September 2000 FC Tirol Innsbruck - AC Fiorentina 3:1 (2:0)
 26 October 2000 FC Tirol Innsbruck - VfB Stuttgart 1:0 (0:0)
 22 August 2001 FC Tirol Innsbruck - Lokomotiv Moskau 1:0 (0:0)
 11 September 2001 FC Tirol Innsbruck - Viktoria Zizkov 1:0 (0:0)
 1 November 2001 FC Tirol Innsbruck - AC Fiorentina, 2:2 (1:2)

Football stadiums in Austria
Innsbruck
2000 establishments in Europe
The Kingdom of Denmark-Norway was a union between the two kingdoms Denmark and Norway. They were previously in the Kalmar Union with Sweden. The Kingdom of Denmark-Norway lasted from 1536 to 1814. The capital of both countries was Copenhagen, and they shared the same military. The kingdom also possessed colonies in Greenland, Iceland, Africa, the Caribbean and India.

Monarchs 
1524–1533: Frederick I
1588–1648: Christian IV 
1648–1670: Frederick III 
1808–1814: Frederick VI

References

Nordic countries
1536 establishments
1814 disestablishments
History of Denmark
History of Norway
16th-century establishments in Europe
1810s disestablishments in Europe
VEGAS Pro is a non-linear video editing software developed by MAGIX, previously by Sony Creative Software and Sonic Foundry. The Film Paranormal Activity was edited using the software and has won many awards.

The software is only for Windows computers and PCs only and cost 600 dollars.

Features
VEGAS Pro contains a lot of video and audio effects and transitions including the Mirror Effect and Chroma Key. VEGAS Pro also has tittles and other video generators.

VEGAS Pro also allows users crop video, Flip video horizontal or upside down, change the speed of video and audio with or without the pitch changing if going faster or slower and more.

Sony Vegas 8.0
The 8.0 version was released in late 2007. It contains features including ProType Titling technology, Multicamera editing tools, 32-bit floating point video processing, Customizable window layouts, Improved HDV/SDI/XDCAM support and Mixing console window.

Sony Vegas 9.0
The 9.0 version was released in 2009. The color of the program is now black rather than white. It contains features including support for 4K resolution and native support for pro camcorder formats like Red and XDCAM EX. 

The latest 9.0 version was released in May 2010 called "Vegas Pro 9.0e" which includes a new white balance video effect.

Sony Vegas 10.0
The 10.0 version was released in October 2010 and is the latest version of the software. It contains new features including Stereoscopic 3D Editing, Comprehensive Closed Captioning, GPU-Accelerated AVC Encoding (Using NVIDIA CUDA), Image Stabilization, Audio Event FX, Track Management, OpenFX plugins support.

Software
Sir William Henry Bragg  (2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was a British physicist, chemist, mathematician and active sportsman.

Bragg shared a Nobel Prize with his son William Lawrence Bragg – the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Adelaide 
In 1885, at 23, Bragg was appointed Elder Professor of Mathematics and Experimental Physics at the University of Adelaide, and started work there early in 1886.

Bragg was an able and popular lecturer; he encouraged the formation of the student union, and the attendance, free of charge, of science teachers at his lectures.

Bragg was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1907.

Leeds 
Bragg returned to England at the end of 1908 and took the Cavendish Chair in Physics at the University of Leeds in 1909. He published an imporant early work on radioactivity, Studies in radioactivity, in 1912.

He invented the X-ray spectrometer, and began work with his son. Together they founded the new technique of X-ray crystallography, for which they won the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1915. That year was also marked by their book X-rays and crystal structure, the standard text for many years.

From 1914, both father and son contributed to the war effort; W.H. Bragg was connected with submarine detection, at Aberdour on Forth and at Harwich, and returned to London in 1918 as a consultant to the Admiralty.

University College London 
Bragg was appointed Quain Professor of Physics at University College London in 1915, but did not take up his duties there until after World War I.

Royal Institution 
From 1923 he was Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution and director of the Davy Faraday Research Laboratory. This institution was practically rebuilt in 1929-30 and, under Bragg's directorship, many valuable papers were issued from the laboratory.

References 

1862 births
1942 deaths
English physicists
English mathematicians
Nobel Prize in Physics winners
Knights Bachelor
People from Cumbria
British Nobel Prize winners
Victor Amadeus I (8 May 1587 – 7 October 1637) was the Duke of Savoy from 1630 to 1637. He was also titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem.  He was also known as the Lion of Susa.

Biography
He was born in Turin to Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy and Catherine Micaela of Austria. He spent much of his childhood at the Spanish court in Madrid. When his brother Filippo Emanuele, Prince of Piedmont died, he became legitimate heir to the duchy and received the loyalty swore of the court at Racconigi on 21 January 1607.

After a crisis with relationships with Spain, he was married to Henry IV of France's daughter Christine Marie in 1619.

Victor Amadeus became Duke of Savoy after his father's death in 1630. Charles Emmanuel's policies had brought a great instability in the relationships with both France and Spain, and troops were needed to defend the Duchy. As money was lacking to recruit mercenaries or train indigenous soldiers, Victor Amadeus signed a peace treaty with Spain. With the Treaty of Cherasco, Savoy was given back Pinerolo, although, according to a secret point of the agreement, that important stronghold was to remain with France in exchange for Geneve.

On 25 September of that year, Victor Amadeus fell ill after a dinner offered by the Duke of Créqui. Carried to Turin, he died here on 7 October.

References
genealogy.euweb.cz

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

8 May 1587–21 January 1607 His Highness Victor Amadeus of Savoy
 21 January 1607–26 July 1630His Highness the Prince of Piedmont
26 July 1630–7 October 1637 His Highness the Duke of Savoy

1587 births
1637 deaths
Dukes and Duchesses of Savoy
Princes and Princesses of Piedmont
Princes and Princesses of Savoy
Alex Rider is a series of spy books. It is written by British author Anthony Horowitz. The series is about a teenage spy named Alex Rider. The series is aimed at young adults. There are ten books in the series, but short stories and other books have been published too. The novels are published by Walker Books in the United Kingdom. The first novel, Stormbreaker, was published in the United Kingdom on 4 September 2000 and was adapted into a movie in 2006. Over 10 million books in the Alex Rider series have been sold worldwide.

References 

Young adult novels
Series of books
The UPC-Arena (formerly known as Arnold Schwarzenegger stadium) is a football stadium in Graz, Austria. It is the homeground of SK Sturm Graz.

History
The first stadium was built before the Second World War. In the 1950s it was renovated and expanded with a skating rink (now home of the ice hockey team Graz 99ers) and an indoor pool. In the 1970s it became home ground of the big football clubs of Graz, SK Sturm and Grazer AK. The stadium was originally named after the bodybuilder, actor and Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger who was born near Graz. It was built from 1994 to  1997 and was opened with the derby Grazer AK versus SK Sturm Graz. When Governor Schwarzenegger did not pardon a prisoner from the death penalty a discussion started about the name. Governor Schwarzenegger took back the right to use his name. Now the name was Stadium Graz-Liebenau after the part of the town where it is. In 2006 the stadium was named UPC Arena after a sponsor of SK Sturm Graz. UPC is a big Austrian internet provider. Since  April 2016 it is named Merkur- Arena. Merkur is a big insurance company in Austria.

Facts
The stadium has a capacity of 15 400 in 27 sectors. For Champions League matches the capacity is expanded to 16 000. The field has a lawn heating. Two video walls and floodlight are also in the arena.

The stadium was host for the national team of Austria versus Faroe Islands on 5 September 2009 which ended 3–1 for the home team. Altogether 14 matches of the national team were held here (The first one was in 1970 versus Yugoslavia). Also the match England versus Japan on 30 May 2010 was held in the arena. The English team had a training Camp in Styria for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The match ended 2–1 to England. In 2011 it will be one of the venues for the American Football world championship.

Football stadiums in Austria
Graz
1997 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Austria
James Joseph "Jim" Parsons (born March 24, 1985) is an American actor. Parsons is best known for playing the role of Sheldon Cooper in the television series, The Big Bang Theory. In 2010, he won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor In a Comedy Series and in 2011, he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Television Series - Musical or Comedy. Both of these awards were given to him for his role in The Big Bang Theory.

According to The New York Times, Parsons is gay.

Filmography

Movies
Nowhere to Go But Up (2003)
Garden State (2004)
The King's Inn (2005)
The Great New Wonderful (2005)
Heights (2005)
10 Items or Less (2006)
School for Scoundrels (2006)
On the Road with Judas (2007)
Gardener of Eden (2007)
The Big Year (2011)
Wish I Was Here (2014)
Home (2015)

Television
Ed as Chet (2002)
Why Blitt? as Mike (2003)
Taste as Kris (2004)
Judging Amy as Rob Holbrook (2004-05)
The Big Bang Theory as Sheldon Cooper (2007-2019)
Family Guy as Sheldon Cooper (2009)
Glenn Martin, DDS as Draven (2010)
The Super Hero Squad Show as Nightmare (2011)

References

Other websites

1963 births
Living people
Actors from Houston, Texas
LGBT people from Texas
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Gay men
Golden Globe Award winning actors
LGBT actors
Mortal Kombat: Annihilation is an 1997 martial arts action/adventure movie that was produced by Lawrence Kasanoff and was directed by John R. Leonetti. It is based on the video game franchise, Mortal Kombat and is the sequel to the 1995 movie, Mortal Kombat. Mortal Kombat: Annihilation was released on November 21, 1997 in North America, February 13, 1998 in the United Kingdom and on April 9, 1998 in Australia. The movie received negative reviews with a 7% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and Metacritic gave it a 11 out of 100.

Cast 
Robin Shou as Liu Kang
Talisa Soto as Kitana
James Remar as Raiden
Sandra Hess as Sonya Blade
Lynn "Red" Williams as Jax
Brian Thompson as Shao Kahn
Irina Pantaeva as Jade
Musetta Vander as Syndel
Reiner Schöne as Shinnok
Marjean Holden as Sheeva
Litefoot as Nightwolf
Deron McBee as Motaro
Dana Lynn Hee as Mileena

Other websites 

1997 movies
1990s sequel movies
American action movies
English-language movies
Mortal Kombat movies
New Line Cinema movies
Gary Paul Davis (born March 1, 1969 in Upland, California), known by his stage name Litefoot, is an American rapper and actor. He is of Cherokee and Chichimeca descent. He was the first Native American person to rap and he called his style of music, Tribalistic Funk. 

David is also an actor and acted in the movies The Indian in the Cupboard in 1995, Mortal Kombat: Annihilation in 1997, Kull the Conqueror in 1997 and Adaptation in 2002.

Websites
 Litefoot's Official website

1969 births
Living people
Rap musicians from California
Singers from Los Angeles
Native American people
A bridesmaid is a member of the bride's group in a wedding. A bridesmaid is usually a young woman, and often a close friend or sister.  She helps the bride on the day of a wedding or marriage ceremony. Traditionally, bridesmaids were chosen from unmarried young women who were old enough to be married.

The main bridesmaid may be called the chief bridesmaid or maid of honor if she is unmarried, or the matron of honor if she is married. A junior bridesmaid is a girl who is clearly too young to get married, but who is included as an honorary bridesmaid.

Culture
Harwich is a port town near the A120 road in Essex, England. In 2011 there were 17,684 people living in Harwich.

References 

Port cities and towns of the North Sea

Tendring
Towns in Essex
Harlow is a former Mark One New Town and local government district in the west of Essex, England. Situated on the border with Hertfordshire, it occupies a large area of land on the south bank of the upper Stort Valley, which has been made navigable through other towns and features a canal section near its watermill. Old Harlow is a village-size suburb founded by the early medieval age and most of its high street buildings are early Victorian and residential, mostly protected by one of the Conservation Areas in the district. In Old Harlow is a field named Harlowbury, a de-settled monastic area which has the remains of a chapel, a scheduled ancient monument.

The M11 motorway passes through the east of the district, entirely to the east of the town. Harlow has its own commercial and leisure economy. It is also an outer part of the London commuter belt and employment centre of the M11 corridor which includes Cambridge and London Stansted to the north.

References 

Essex boroughs
Towns in Essex
Alice in Wonderland is a 2010 British-American fantasy adventure movie with Mia Wasikowska, Johnny Depp, Helena Bonham Carter, Anne Hathaway, Crispin Glover, Michael Sheen, Matt Lucas, Barbara Windsor, Christopher Lee, Alan Rickman, Michael Gough and Stephen Fry.

It is based on the Alice in Wonderland book written by Lewis Carroll. The score is by Danny Elfman.

References

Other websites
 

2010 movies
2010 3D movies
2010s adventure movies

2010s fantasy movies
2010s American adventure movies
American family movies
2010s American fantasy movies
British adventure movies
British family movies
British fantasy movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies composed by Danny Elfman
Movies directed by Tim Burton
Disney movie remakes
2010s feminist movies
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs is an organization of the United Nations for humanitarian aid started in 1991.

Other website 
Office for the Coodination of Humanitarian Affairs

Human rights
United Nations

de:UN-Nothilfekoordinator#OCHA
Three Days Grace is a Canadian alternative rock band. They formed in 1992 in Norwood, Ontario as a post-grunge band and were originally called Groundswell. There are four members in the band: Adam Gontier, Barry Stock, Neil Sanderson and Brad Walst. The band was named "Number One Rock Artist of the Year" by Billboard. 

Gontier resigned from the band on January 9, 2013 due to a "non-life threatening" health issue and was replaced by My Darkest Days lead singer Matt Walst.

Discography

Studio albums
2003: Three Days Grace
2006: One-X
2009: Life Starts Now
2012: Transit of Venus
2015: Human
2018: Outsider

References

Other websites
Three Days Grace's official website

1990s music groups
1992 establishments in Canada
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Canadian hard rock bands
Post-grunge bands
Musical groups established in 1992
Sindh Qalanders is a field hockey team for the Sindh Province in Pakistan.  They play in the Pakistan Hockey Federation.

Sport in Pakistan
Field hockey
Sir William Lawrence Bragg CH OBE MC FRS (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer.

Bragg was always known as Sir Lawrence Bragg, and his father was Sir William Bragg. Lawrence Bragg was educated in Adelaide, Australia and in England. He was awarded the Military Cross in World War I.

Lawrence Bragg discovered (1912) the Bragg law of X-ray diffraction, the basis of X-ray crystallography. He was joint winner (with his father, Sir William Bragg) of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1915.

To date, Lawrence Bragg is the youngest Nobel Laureate. He was the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, when the discovery of the structure of DNA was made by James D. Watson and Francis Crick in February 1953.

He was elected an FRS in 1921. He was knighted by George VI in 1941, and received both the Copley Medal and the Royal Medal of the Royal Society.

References 

1890 births
1971 deaths
British Nobel Prize winners
English physicists
Knights Bachelor
Nobel Prize in Physics winners
People from Adelaide
Scientists from South Australia
Australian Nobel Prize winners
Hoverflies, sometimes called 'flower flies' or 'syrphid flies', are the insect family Syrphidae. Hoverflies mimic wasp stripes, and are usually smaller than wasps. Thus to a bird they may look scarcely worth eating, and dangerous. 

As their common name suggests, they are often seen hovering or sucking nectar at flowers. The adults of many species feed mainly on nectar and pollen, while the larvae (maggots) eat a wide range of foods.

In some species, the larvae are saprotrophs, eating decaying plant and animal matter in the soil or in ponds and streams. In other species, the larvae are insectivores and prey on aphids, thrips, and other plant-sucking insects.

Aphids alone cause tens of millions of dollars of damage to crops worldwide every year. Hoverflies are important natural enemies of these pests, and can be used in biological control. Some adult syrphid flies are important pollinators. Some orchids mimic aphid alarm scent (pheromones), which attracts hoverflies. The hoverflies then pollinate the orchids.
 
About 6,000 species in 200 genera have been described. Hoverflies are common throughout the world and can be found on most continent except Antarctica.

Hoverflies are harmless to most other animals despite their mimicry of the black and yellow stripes of wasps. They are a classic example of Batesian mimicry. The Batesian mimic is a sheep in wolf's clothing: it looks like something dangerous or which tastes disgusting, but in reality it is good to eat. Hover flies look roughly like little wasps, and their warning colouration is well-known to birds.

Unlike adults, the maggots of hoverflies feed on a variety of foods. Predatory species benefit farmers and gardeners, because aphids destroy crops. Hoverfly maggots are often used in biological control.

Related pages 
Halteres
Mimicry

References 

Flies
Mimicry
Atomkraft are an English heavy metal band who were part of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal movement. They formed in 1979 and disbanded 1988. Their "Total Metal" approach is somewhere between fellow NWOBHM bands such as Motörhead and Venom, punk rock bands such as The Dickies, and early Exodus or Slayer.

Discography
 1981 - Demon - Demo
 1983 - Total Metal - Demo
 1985 - Pour the Metal In - Demo
 1985 – Future Warriors - LP
 1986 - Queen of Death - EP
 1987 - Conductors of Noize - Mini LP
 2004 - Total Metal: The Neat Anthology - Compilation CD

Line-up
 Tony Dolan - bass/vocals (1979-1986, 1988), (2005-) (Venom, Mantas, Raubtier)
 Steve Mason - drums (2005-) (Iron Fire, Blinded by Fear)
 Payre Hulkoffgarden - guitars (2005-) (Viperine, Karyan, Raubtier)

Previous members

Vocals
 Ian Davison Swift (1986-1988) (Satan, Avenger)

Guitars
 Ian Legg (1979)
 Chris Taylor (1979)
 Sean Drew (1979-1983)
 Steve White (1980-1983) (Venom, War Machine)
 Neil Rander (1985)
 Rob Mathew (1985-1988) (Agankast)
 Raggy (1986)

Bass
 Mark Irvine (1981-1982)
 Darren "D.C. Rage"(1986-1988)

Drums
 Paul Spillet (1979-1983)
 IG (1986)
 Ged "Wolf" Cook (1985-1988) (Tysondog)

British record labels
1979 establishments in the United Kingdom
1988 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
James Joseph Wisniewski (born February 21, 1984 in Canton, Michigan) is an NHL ice hockey defenceman that is currently an unrestricted agent. He was selected by the Chicago Blackhawks with the 156th overall pick in the 2002 NHL Draft.

Wisniewski also played for the Chicago Blackhawks for 4 seasons, the Anaheim Ducks for 2 seasons, the New York Islanders for 1 season and the Montreal Canadiens for 1 season before his rights were traded to the Columbus Blue Jackets for a conditional seventh-round draft pick in 2012 for the Canadiens. The draft pick will become a fifth-rounder if Columbus actually signs Wisniewski.

Awards 
He was named to the OHL First All-Rookie Team in the 2000-01 season.
He was named to the OHL First All-Star Team in the 2003-04 season.
He won the OHL Max Kaminsky Trophy in the 2003-04 season.
He was named to the CHL First All-Star Team in the 2003-04 season.
He was named the CHL Defenceman of the Year in the 2003-04 season.

References

Other websites 
James Wisniewski's Official website

1984 births
American ice hockey players
Anaheim Ducks players
Carolina Hurricanes players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Montreal Canadiens players
New York Islanders players
Sportspeople from Michigan
Living people
American Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
Ice hockey defencemen
Tony "Demolition" Dolan (also known as The Demolition Man) is an English musician, best known as bassist and vocalist of heavy metal bands Atomkraft and Venom.

Discography

With Atomkraft
 Future Warriors (1985)
 Queen of Death (EP) (1986)
 Tonpress (1987)
 Conductors of Noize (1987)
 Total Metal - The NEAT Anthology (2005)

With Venom
 Prime Evil (1989)
 Tear Your Soul Apart (EP) (1990)
 Temples of Ice (1991)
 The Waste Lands (1992)

Filmography
 Judge Dredd (1995) - Ivan
 Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003) - Mr. Lamb, Carpenter
 Battlefield Britain (2004) - Royal Musketeer/Prisoner
 Dirty War (2004) - Lead TSG Officer

Living people
1964 births
English musicians
Mark LaVarre (born February 21, 1965 in Evanston, Illinois) is a retired American professional ice hockey right winger who played a career total of 78 games in the NHL. He played his entire NHL career with the Chicago Black Hawks. He was drafted by the Chicago Black Hawks with the 119th overall pick in the sixth round of the 1983 NHL Draft.

Other websites

1965 births
American ice hockey players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Living people
Sportspeople from Illinois
Michael Bryant Eagles (born March 7, 1963 in Sussex, New Brunswick) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger who played a career total of 853 games in the NHL. He played 4 seasons with the Quebec Nordiques, 2 seasons with the Chicago Blackhawks, 5 seasons with the Winnipeg Jets and 6 seasons with the Washington Capitals. He was drafted by the Quebec Nordiques with the 116th overall pick in the 1981 NHL Draft.

Other websites

1963 births
American Hockey League players
Billings Bighorns players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from New Brunswick
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Living people
Ontario Hockey League players
Quebec Nordiques players
Washington Capitals players
Winnipeg Jets (1979–96) players
"Superman's Dead'" is a 1996 alternative rock/post-grunge song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the first single from their second studio album Clumsy, which was released in 1997. The song was written by Raine Maida and Mike Turner.

The song is about how much TV that children watch and also the content of it. The song looks at the dark expectations that are garnered from media images.

The song is one of the most popular song's from Our Lady Peace and is also a definitive example of Our Lady Peace's staple sound with the main thing being Raine Maida's voice.

Our Lady Peace songs
1996 songs
"Naveed'" is a 1995 alternative rock/post-grunge song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the first single from their debut studio album Naveed, which was released in 1994. The song was written by Raine Maida.

Meaning of the song

Our Lady Peace songs
1995 songs
"Supersatellite'" is a 1995 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the fourth single from their debut studio album Naveed, which was released in 1994. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni.

The song was inspired by a book from Ken Carey.

Our Lady Peace songs
1995 songs
"Hope'" is a 1994 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the third single from their debut studio album Naveed, which was released in 1994. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni.

The meaning of the song is about a girl named Hope who going into insanity and thinks she's a sunflower so she climbs on top of a piano and reaches for the sun.

Our Lady Peace songs
1994 songs
"Starseed'" is a 1994 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the second single from their debut studio album Naveed, which was released in 1994. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni.

Meaning of the song

Our Lady Peace songs
1994 songs
"'Life'" is a 2000 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the second single from their fourth studio album Spiritual Machines, which was released in 2000. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by both Arnold Lanni and Raine Maida. The song was nominated for "Best Single" at the 2002 Juno Awards.

Our Lady Peace songs
2000 songs
"'Thief'" is a 1999 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the third single from their third studio album Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch, which was released in 1999. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni.

Meaning of the song
Our Lady Peace said that the song was about a young girl from Kitchener, Ontario named Mina Kim who had a cancerous tumor in her brain. The word thief in the song refers to the tumor and at the end of the song there is a sound clip of a young girl that is actually Mina Kim singing a "Little By Little" with Maida's wife Chantal Kreviazuk.

Our Lady Peace songs
1999 songs
"'Is Anybody Home?'" is a 2000 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the second single from their third studio album Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch, which was released in 1999. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni.

Our Lady Peace songs
2000 songs
"'One Man Army'" is a 1999 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the first single from their third studio album Happiness...Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch, which was released in 1999. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni. The song is sometimes mistakenly called "Falling".

Meaning of the song

Our Lady Peace songs
1999 songs
"'Clumsy'" is a 1997 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the second single from their second studio album Clumsy, which was released in 1997. The song was written by Raine Maida and Mike Turner and was produced by Arnold Lanni. The song was featured on the soundtrack to the movie, I Know What You Did Last Summer.

Meaning of the song

Our Lady Peace songs
1997 songs
"'4 AM'" is a 1998 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the fourth single from their second studio album Clumsy, which was released in 1997. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni. They thought of the name 4 AM because they wrote the song at 4:00 AM and Raine Maida's father, Anthony Maida has the initials "AM".

Our Lady Peace songs
1998 songs
"'Right Behind You (Mafia)'" is a 2001 alternative rock/post-grunge song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the third single from their fourth studio album Spiritual Machines, which was released in 2000. The song was written by Raine Maida and Mike Turner and was produced by both Arnold Lanni and Raine Maida.

Meaning of the song
The song was inspired by Ray Kurzweil's book, The Age of Spiritual Machines, and was written as more of a retort to Kurzweil's predictions which Raine noticed didn't involve the human spirit as a factor.

Our Lady Peace songs
2001 songs
"'Somewhere Out There'" is a 2002 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the first single from their fifth studio album Gravity, which was released in 2002. The song was written by Raine Maida. The song was the most successful song on the album and was also the most internationally successful single ever released by the band.

Our Lady Peace songs
2002 songs