cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Cheka  was the first  Soviet state security organization. It was created on 20 December 1917, after a decree issued by Vladimir Lenin. Its first leader was Polish aristocrat-turned-communist Felix Dzerzhinsky.

History 
By late 1918, hundreds of Cheka committees had been created in the cities. Many thousands of dissidents, deserters, or other people were arrested, tortured or executed by Cheka groups.  After 1922, Cheka groups underwent many reorganizations, as did the NKVD.  

From its start, the Cheka was an important military and security arm of the Bolshevik communist government. In 1921 the troops of the Cheka numbered 200,000. These troops policed and ran the Gulag system; "requisitioned" food; tortured and executed political opponents; put down rebellions and riots by workers or peasants, and mutinies in the desertion-plagued Red Army.

Cheka was succeeded by OGPU in 1922, but its members were still called Chekists.

Name
The full name of the Cheka in 1918 was (in Russian) the "All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution, Profiteering and Corruption".

A member of Cheka was called a "chekist" throughout the Soviet period, despite various official name changes. The term is still found in use in Russia today. For example, President Vladimir Putin has been referred to in the Russian media as a "chekist" due to his career in the KGB.

References 

Intelligence agencies
Soviet Union
1917 establishments in Europe
1910s establishments in the Soviet Union
Pedreros Jorge Arnaldo Aviles (August 8, 1942 – September 14, 2013) was a Chilean musician, record producer, actor, comedian. He is one of the creators of the iconic comedy show Jappening with Ja.

Pedreros was born on August 8, 1942 in Santiago, Chile. He was married to Gladys del Río from 1967 until his death in 2013. Pedreros died on September 14, 2013 from complications of pneumonia, aged 71.

References

Other websites
 

1942 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Chilean movie actors
Chilean television actors
Musicians
Comedians
People from Santiago
Das Boot (The Boat) is a 1981 German epic war movie directed by Wolfgang Petersen. It stars Jürgen Prochnow, Herbert Grönemeyer, Klaus Wennemann, Jan Fedder and Otto Sander with Günter Lamprecht. It is set in the early 1940s. It is based on the 1973 novel Das Boot.

Overview 
The plotline is the story of a German submarine in WWII in the Battle of the Atlantic. At first the going is easy, and the boat very successful. Gradually it gets more and more difficult are various anti-submarine measures are put in place by the Allies Britain and America. This takes a toll on the morale of the crew and captain.

The movie received many positive reviews from critics including Roger Ebert who gave the movie 4/4 stars. It was based on a book of the same title.

One curious feature of the film was that Columbia Pictures released both a German version and an English-dubbed version in the United States. The film's German version gross taking was much higher than the English-dubbed version at the United States box-office.

Other websites

References 

1981 drama movies
1980s war movies
1980s epic movies
German drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Wolfgang Petersen
Movies with underwater settings
Movies set in the 1940s
World War II movies
Rapla County (), or Raplamaa, is one of the 15 counties of Estonia. It is located west of the country. 36,678 people live in Rapla County. This is 2.7% of the total population in Estonia (as of January 2009).

History 
The first written records of Rapla date back to the 1241 Danish census (Liber Census Daniae).

County government 
The county government () is led by a governor (). The governor is appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years.

Municipalities 
The county is divided into municipalities. There are 4 rural municipalities in Rapla County:

Geography 
Natural resources in Rapla county include limestone, dolomite, peat, and clay.

Gallery

References

Other websites
County Government Official website

Counties of Estonia
Agnes Monica Muljoto (born 1 July 1986) is an Indonesian pop singer, songwriter, actress, dancer. She began her career in singing at the age of six. In addition to singing, she also became a presenter on a children's television show. When she was a teenager, Agnes started working as an actor. Her appearance on the soap opera Pernikahan Dini (2001) made her famous. Agnes then starred in a series of soap operas that made her the highest-paid teenage artist in Indonesia at that time.

Discography 
Studio albums
 Si Meong (1992)
 Yess! (1995)
 Bala-Bala (1996)
 And the Story Goes (2003)
 Whaddup A'..?! (2005)
 Sacredly Agnezious (2009)
 Agnez Mo (album) (2013, in English)

Extended plays
 Nez (2008)

Compilation albums
 Agnes Is My Name (2011)

Other websites 
 Official website

1986 births
Living people
Pop musicians
R&B musicians
Indonesian singers
Patricia Ann Holmes is an Australian diplomat and is a senior career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

On 13 September 2011, Acting Foreign Minister Craig Emerson said that he had appointed Holmes as Australia's new Ambassador to Argentina; with concurrent non-resident accreditation to Paraguay and Uruguay. She gave her credentials to President of Argentina Cristina Fernández de Kirchner on 10 April 2012. 

Before this, Holmes was Assistant Secretary of the department's Legal Counsel Branch. She had held this job since April 2010. Holmes has served previously in Geneva WTO (Counsellor 2006-2009), Papua New Guinea (First Secretary 1998-2000) and Vanuatu (Third, later Second, Secretary 1994-1996).

Holmes holds a Bachelor of Science with a Bachelor of Law degree from Macquarie University; a Graduate Diploma in Legal Studies from the University of Technology, Sydney; a Masters of Arts in Foreign Affairs and Trade and a Masters of Laws in Environmental Law from the Australian National University. Holmes was admitted to the Bar of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory in 1992. She can speak Spanish. She has a partner and three children.

References

Other websites

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Ambassadors of Australia
Quantum foam (or space time foam) is a concept in quantum mechanics. It was created by John Wheeler in 1955. The foam is supposed to be thought of as the foundation of the things that make up the universe.

References

Quantum mechanics
"Semper Fidelis" is the official march of the United States Marine Corps. It was written by John Philip Sousa in 1888. The words Semper Fidelis mean "Always Faithful" in Latin.

Sousa became conductor of the United States Marine Corps band in 1880. He had some success with his earliest works like "The Gladiator" (1886), but his first big hit with the public was "Semper Fidelis". 

This march is sometimes thought to be the prototype for American marches. Until "Semper Fidelis", American marches had taken European marches as their models. It was "the first musical composition to receive the official recognition of the United States government." "Semper Fidelis" is the only march authorized for a service by Congress. The USMC uses it for the Pass in Review during Change of Command Ceremonies, as well as Public Parades. It was played along the parade route for Bill Clinton's second inauguration. The march has an AaBbCcDd form. Its meter is 6/8. Other marches by Sousa are "The Stars and Stripes Forever" and "The Washington Post".

Notes

References 
 Simmons, Edwin H. 1974. The United States Marines: A History. Naval Institute Press. 
 Woodstra, Christopher, et. al. 2000. All Music Guide to Classical Music Backbeat Books.

Semper Fidelis
Semper Fidelis
Semper Fidelis
Semper Fidelis
Barclays Center is an indoor arena in Brooklyn, New York. It is about  east of downtown New York City. The arena is the home court for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the arena for the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). The arena was opened on September 21, 2012. The arena cost more than US$1 billion to build.

The first basketball game that was played there was an NBA preseason game between the Nets and the Washington Wizards on October 15, 2012.

On October 24, 2012, the New York Islanders announced that they signed a 25-year deal with the arena and would be moving to the Barclays Center in 2015 after their lease of the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum ends. They played their first preseason game against the New Jersey Devils in a 3–0 loss. The first regular season NHL game was played on October 9, 2015 against the 2015 Stanley Cup champion Chicago Blackhawks. The Islanders lost 3–2 in overtime.

The arena was host to the WWE's TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs pay-per-view event in 2012. In 2015, it hosted NXT TakeOver: Brooklyn and SummerSlam. On September 28, 2015, WWE announced that their SummerSlam event would return to the Barclays Center in 2016 and 2017.

References

Other websites
 Barclays Center, official website

Sports buildings in New York City
Brooklyn
2012 establishments in the United States
2010s establishments in New York (state)
Meerut (, ) is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is an ancient city. Settlements dating back to the Indus Valley civilization have been found in the area. The city is located  northeast of the national capital, New Delhi. It is the 25th largest city in India.

References

Cities and towns in Uttar Pradesh
"The Stars and Stripes Forever" is a march by John Philip Sousa written in 1896. It is the National March of the United States.

19th-century American songs
American marches
Compositions by John Philip Sousa
"The Washington Post" is a march by John Philip Sousa written in 1889. He wrote it for the American newspaper, The Washington Post. The firm was giving awards for an essay contest and wanted music for the ceremonies.

19th-century American songs
American marches
Compositions by John Philip Sousa
The Lesse (Walloon: Aiwe di Lesse) is a river in the Ardennes, in the Walloon region of Belgium. It is a right tributary to the river Meuse.

Geography

The Lesse is  long. It flows roughly in a northwestern direction. Its source is near Libramont-Chevigny, in the Belgian province of Luxembourg. The mean discharge for Anseremme between 1995 and 2004 was 19.0 m3.

The watershed of the Lesse Basin, with an area of , has about . With only 62,500 people living there, it is the least densely populated of all small watersheds of Walloon region.

Part of the watershed of the Lesse is on limestone where there are some karstic phenomena. Near Han-sur-Lesse (commune of Rochefort), by the Gouffre de Belvaux, the entire river goes underground, flowing through limestone caves.

The Lesse flows into the river Meuse in the town of Anseremme, commune of Dinant, Namur province.

Tributaries
From its source to its mouth, the main tributaries of the Lesse are:
 Our, left tributary; it joins the Lesse near Redu.
 Almache, left tributary; it joins the Lesse in Daverdisse.
 Lomme, right tributary; it joins the Lesse in Éprave.
 Wimbe, left tributary; it joins the Lesse in Villers-sur-Lesse.
 Vachaux, right tributary; it joins the Lesse in Ciergnon.
 Biran, left tributary; it joins the Lesse in Wanlin.
 Hileau, left tributary; it joins the Lesse in Houyet.
 Iwoigne, left tributary; it joins the Lesse near Houyet.

Atractions
The valley of the Lesse and this part of the Ardennes are covered with forests. The area surrounding the caves is the National Park Lesse et Lomme. On the mountains along the lower part of the river there are several castles. The route of the former railway line from Houyet to Rochefort is used as a hiking and cycling trail.

Many of the caves along the banks of the Lesse are important archaeological sites - these include the Trou de Chaleux (by the Cirque de Chaleux), and the Trou des Nutons and Trou du Frontal at Furfooz.

It is possible to go down the Lesse in kayak or canoe from Houyet to Anseremme.

References

Other websites

 Val de Lesse 
 Contrat de rivière de la Lesse 

Rivers of Belgium
Wallonia
Luxembourg (Belgium)
Namur (province)
Melanie Klein (1882–1960) was a British psychoanalyst. She was notable for her contributions to object relations theory.  Klein's theories and those of the other British object relations theorists had a major impact on John Bowlby's attachment theory.

1882 births
1960 deaths
Psychoanalysts
British scientists
The Hawaiian religion is a religion. It includes the folk religious beliefs and practises of the Hawaiian people. It started amongst the Tahitians and other Pacific islanders who landed in Hawaii between 500 and 1300 AD. Today, Hawaiian religious practices are protected by law.

Hawaiian religion is animistic. It is based on a belief that spirits are found in non-human beings and objects such as animals, the waves, and the sky.

Hawaiian mythology includes the creation stories and legends about the gods. There are several gods in Hawaiian religion and mythology. The four most important deities are Kāne, Kū, Lono and Kanaloa. The figures in Hawaiian religion consists of several groups. One way of dividing these groups is:
the four gods (ka hā) – Kū, Kāne, Lono, Kanaloa
the forty male gods or aspects of Kāne (ke kanahā)
the four Hundred gods and goddesses (ka lau)
the great Multitude of gods and goddesses (ke kini akua)
the spirits (na unihipili)
the guardians (na aumākua)

Another way of dividing them is into three major groups:
the four gods, or akua: Kū, Kāne, Lono, Kanaloa
many lesser gods, or kupua, each associated with certain professions
family gods, aumakua, associated with particular families

References

Religion
Religions
Religion in the United States
Chaplin is a 1992 American biographical comedy-drama movie. It is about the life of British comedian Charlie Chaplin. It was directed by Richard Attenborough. It stars Robert Downey, Jr., Moira Kelly, Dan Aykroyd, Geraldine Chaplin, Penelope Ann Miller, Anthony Hopkins, James Woods, and Kevin Kline. It's soundtrack was composed by John Barry. It was released on December 25, 1992 to mixed reviews.

Other websites 

1992 comedy-drama movies
1990s biographical movies
American biographical movies
American comedy-drama movies
Movies composed by John Barry
Movies directed by Richard Attenborough
Movies set in London
Movies set in the 1900s
Movies set in the 1910s
Movies set in the 1920s
Movies set in the 1930s
Movies set in the 1940s
Movies set in the 1950s
Movies set in the 1960s
Movies set in the 1970s
Swiss culture
Eureka is a small city of California in the United States, and the county seat of Humboldt County. In 2010, 27,217 people lived there. It is  north of San Francisco.

Climate 
Eureka has a very mild temperate climate with only very small temperature fluctuations between summer and winter. This is due to the cool California Current, whose water temperature is between  and  all year round. Under the Köppen climate classification, Eureka has a cool-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb), due to the low rainfall during summer.  

The average summer temperatures in Eureka are much cooler than in New York City and Istanbul, which are on the same latitude. Summer temperatures are unusually cool for the 40th latitude, and are similar to those of southern Alaska, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Tierra del Fuego in the extreme south of Chile and Argentina, which are far north and south of the 50th latitude. The average winter temperatures are also much milder than in New York and Istanbul, and in contrast to these two cities, frost and snow do not occur every year. Snow is particularly rare and falls at most once or twice a decade.

Notes

References 

Settlements in Humboldt County, California
Cities in California
County seats in California
The Pearl Fishers is an opera by Georges Bizet. The libretto was written by Eugène Cormon and Michel Carré. It was first performed in Paris on 30 September 1863. The opera is set in ancient Ceylon, which is now called Sri Lanka. It tells the story of two men who are best friends, but love the same woman, who is a priestess. It was generally disliked at the time, especially by the newspapers. After his death, it has been more popular and is now regularly played across the world.

Compositions by Georges Bizet
Operas
Les Troyens is an opera by Hector Berlioz. Berlioz wrote the words and music between 1856 and 1858. The opera is based on Virgil's Aeneid. It took many years for the opera to be performed. It was very long. Berlioz cut the opera to the last three acts. They were performed in Paris in November 1863.

Compositions by Hector Berlioz
Operas
Bayraklı is a district of Izmir Province of Turkey. It is one of the metropolitan districts of Izmir. Bayraklı was turned into a district by a decree of the Government of Turkey on 6 March 2008. Before the date it was part of Karşıyaka.

2008 establishments in Asia
Districts of Turkey
Chub is gay slang for a hugely overweight gay man. Chubs have their own social clubs. They have their own beauty pageants and other fun things to do. Smaller men who are attracted to chubs are called "chasers", "chub chasers" or "chubby chasers".

Gay slang
Agror is a valley in northern Pakistan. It is in Oghi Tehsil, Mansehra District, Hazara, in the province of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. It consists of three mountain glens,  long and  wide. The lower parts of the Agror valley contains many farms, villages and hamlets.

The main tribes and ethnic groups are the Hindko and Pashto-speaking tribes. These include the Swatis, the Gurjars, Awans and Tanolis.

History 
During the 17th century, the valley was ruled by a famous tribal leader of the Swatis. His title was the Khan of Agror. His real name was Akund Saad-ud-din. He was a mullah or petty Muslim religious scholar, who obtained power over the local people of the Agror valley. In time, he established himself as the local 'Khan' or chieftain and controlled the whole valley. His capital was at Oghi town.

In 1888, during the period of the British Empire, the Khan's descendant, Ali Gohar, was removed from power. The title and estate were formally abolished. However, the Akund's descendants still use this courtesy title.

References

Valleys of Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Henry Lau (born October 11, 1989) also simply known as Henry, is a Canadian singer-songwriter. He works in Korean pop music. He can speak English, Mandarin and Korean very well, along with Cantonese, and a little bit of Japanese and Thai. He learned French in school. Henry released his first single in June 2013, which was called "Trap".

Biography

Youth
Lau's father was born in Hong Kong, and his mother was born in Taiwan. He lived in Willowdale, Toronto as a child.

2007–2009: Debut
Lau appeared as a violinist in South Korean group Super Junior's music video, for their lead single, "Don't Don", which was also the title of their album, released in September 2007.

In October 2007, S.M. Entertainment announced that Han Geng, a member of Super-Junior and Lau were chosen to form a sub-group of Super Junior, called Super Junior-M.

2013–current: Return to Super Junior-M and solo debut
Lau featured in Girls' Generation performance of "Romantic Fantasy" on MBC's Music Core. He performed "I Am" by Yoon Mi-rae with Yuri and Hyoyeon on January 1, 2013.

Super Junior-M's comeback in June 2013, with their second album, Break Down, was released on January 7, 2013, along with the single, which has the same name. The Korean version was released on January 31, 2013.

On February 6, 2013 Lau was announced to be a contestant in the celebrity version of MasterChef Korea, airing on Olive TV.

On June 7, Lau released his debut single "Trap", along with the music video of it.

Discography
EP's
Trap (2013)

Digital albums
1-4-3 (I Love You) (2013)

References

1989 births
Living people
Singers from Toronto
K-pop singers
"Flight of the Bumble Bee" is a musical composition by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov for solo violin and orchestra. It was written as an interlude for his opera, The Tale of Tsar Saltan (1899-1900). The music depicts the buzzing of a bumble bee in its flight. It is a popular piece, especially with children, and is often played outside the opera as a concert piece.

Compositions by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov 
Orchestral works
Viqueque (Tetum: Vikeke) is the largest of the municipalities of East Timor. The name comes from the ancient name "We Keke"; We means "water" and Keke "bracelet".

Geography

Viqueque is on the south coast of Timor, on the Timor Sea. It has an area of .

It borders the municipalities Baucau to the north, Lautém to the east, and Manatuto to the west. 

The capital of the municipality has the same name: Viqueque.

There are five administrative posts: Lacluta, Ossu, Uato-Lari (which was known in Portuguese Timor as Leça, and, in Tetum, is spelled Watulari), Uato Carabau (spelled Watucarbau in Tetum), and Viqueque.

Among the rivers that flow through Viqueque and into the Timor Sea are: Nunuc, Tuco, Cuha, Bularan, Benaro, Beaco and Weburak in the administrative post Viqueque; Lugassa on the border with Uato -Lari; Saqueto, Bebui, Borouai and Oiqui in the Uato-Lari administrative post; and Molaiuai and Uaidori in the Uatucarbau administrative post.

The Ossu administrative post is surrounded by several mountains: Monte Mundo Perdido in the west, the Builo in the south, the Matebian massif to the east and Fatu Laritame in the north. In Monte Mundo Perdido,  are protected for hunting and for the protection of birds as Important Bird Area. Here, there are many endemic species, including many rare orchids.

Population
The municipality of Viqueque had a population of 73,581 in 2011. Its density is  inhabitants per km².

Viqueque is a homeland of the Malayo-Polynesian language Tetum. In East Timor it is co-official with Portuguese. In the east part of the municipality live speakers of the Papuan language Makasae.

References

Other websites

 Ministry of State Administration
 Viqueque District Development Plan 2002/2003 

Municipalities of East Timor
Theo "Teddy" Peckham (born November 10, 1987 in Richmond Hill, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Saugeen Shores Winterhawks.

Career
He started his hockey career with the North York Rangers of the Ontario Junior Hockey League and played a season with them. He then moved on to play for the Owen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League for three seasons. He was drafted by the Edmonton Oilers with the 75th overall pick in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft. He debuted for the Oilers during a March 7, 2008 game against the Columbus Blue Jackets and scored his first goal during a November 11, 2010 game against the Detroit Red Wings.

On July 19, 2013, he was signed as a free agent to a one-year contract by the Chicago Blackhawks.

References

Other websites 

American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Edmonton Oilers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
1987 births
ECHL players
Ontario Hockey League players
Cinderella () is an opera by Gioachino  Rossini. It was first performed in Rome in January 1817. It is based on the 1697 fairy tale, "Cinderella" by Charles Perrault. The opera's title character is a coloratura mezzo-soprano. The overture has long been a favorite in the concert hall. 

Compositions by Gioachino Rossini
Operas
The Violin Concerto in D minor, Op. 47 is a piece of music for solo violin and orchestra. It was written by Jean Sibelius in 1904. It has three movements: Allegro moderato in D minor (2/2 time); Adagio di molto in B-flat major (4/4 time); and Allegro, ma non tanto in D major (3/4 time). It is the only concerto Sibelius wrote. It is considered one of the great violin concertos. 

Compositions by Jean Sibelius
Violin concertos
Mike Kostka (born November 28, 1985 in Ajax, Ontario) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the New York Rangers of the NHL. He has also played for the Toronto Maple Leafs, Chicago Blackhawks, and Tampa Bay Lightning.

Career
He started his hockey career with the Ajax-Pickering Raiders of the Eastern AAA Hockey League. He played 2 seasons with them and then moved on to play in the Ontario Provincial Junior Hockey League for the Ajax Axemen for 2 seasons and the Aurora Tigers for 1 season. He went on to play in college for the University of Massachusetts Amherst where he played 4 years for the Minutemen.

He went undrafted but was signed to a professional contract by the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League on March 25, 2008. He spent 1 season with the Sabres' AHL, the Rochester Americans and then two seasons with the new affiliate, the Portland Pirates. He returned to the Rochester Americans for the 2010–11 AHL season. He then signed a contract with Rochester's then-affiliate, Florida Panthers. The Panthers traded Kostka along with Evan Oberg, to the Tampa Bay Lightning for James Wright and Mike Vernace. He played for the Norfolk Admirals and helped them win the Calder Cup during the 2011–12 AHL playoffs. He was then signed as a free agent by the Toronto Maple Leafs to a one-year contract. He got his first NHL point during his debut NHL game against the Montreal Canadiens on January 19, 2013.

On July 19, 2013, He signed as a free agent with the defending champions, the Chicago Blackhawks to a one-year, two way contract.

On February 23, 2014, Kostka was claimed off waivers by the Tampa Bay Lightning.

On June 28, 2014, Kostka was signed as a free agent by the New York Rangers to a one-year contract.

References

Other websites 

1985 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
New York Rangers players
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romance-drama movie set in Washington (U.S. state). At first it was scheduled for an August 2014 release in the United States. In November 2013 the release date was changed to February 13, 2015. The story is about BDSM, sexual relations, seduction and romance. An MPAA rating has not been decided, but the screenwriter, Kelly Marcel, has hinted at the possibility of this movie being marked NC-17.  It is based on the best-selling novel of the same name by E.L. James. The director is Sam Taylor-Wood. Dakota Johnson plays Anastasia Steele and Jamie Dornan plays Christian Grey.

The casting of the film upset many fans of the novel. An internet petition was made to get Alexis Bledel to replace Johnson and Matt Bomer replace Charlie Hunnam. It did not work. 
 
Filming began on December 1, 2013.

The movie was released on February 13, 2015.

References

Other websites 

2015 romance movies
2015 drama movies
2010s romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
BDSM in movies
Controversies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Washington (U.S. state)
Juan dela Cruz is the national personification of the Philippines. He is often used to represent the common "Filipino". He is usually shown wearing the native salakot hat, Barong Tagalog, long pants, and tsinelas ().

Usage 
Activists often portray Juan dela Cruz as a victim of American imperialism. During the American period he is often shown with Uncle Sam in  many editorial cartoons. of the  often depicted him alongside Uncle Sam. In modern times, he is used to show the opinion and feelings of Filipino about their government and society.

The term, sometimes shortened to "Juan", also refers to the whole Filipino people.

Juan dela Cruz is the Spanish for "John of the Cross". The name is often used to refer to a anonymous Filipino,  like how John Doe is used to refer Americans. For females the term  María dela Cruz is used instead.

References 

National personifications
Philippines
Juan dela Cruz is a Philippine television drama series. It is directed by Malu Sevilla. It stars Coco Martin as Juan dela Cruz, a half-tagabantay and half-aswang who falls in love with Rosario (Erich Gonzales). It is filmed and shown in high definition. The show was first shown on ABS-CBN and worldwide on TFC on 4 February 2013. It replaced the television show Princess and I.

Story 
The story is about Juan dela Cruz. Juan was an orphan. He was taken care by a Catholic priest named Father Cito. Father Cito taught Juan good values and faith on Jesus. Juan was so devoted to Jesus Christ that he called him "bossing" (Filipino word, for "boss"). On one day, Father Cito was killed by a thief. Juan went to Quaipo, Manila with Lola Belen after Father Cito's death. Juan does not know that he is a half-aswang, the son of the Haring Aswang (King of the Aswangs) and the Anak ng Dilim (Child of Darkness). According to a prophecy, the Anak ng Dilim is fated to lead the aswangs and take over the human race. However, Juan's mother, Amelia, is a human and a Tagabantay (Guardian). The Tagabantay's duty is to protect the humans from the aswangs. The Tagabantay also wields a weapon called the Bakal na Krus.

By the time he grows up as an adult, Juan later joins the Kapatiran (Brotherhood). The Kapatiran is a group that seek to destroy the aswangs. The group then trains Juan into becoming the next Tagabantay. Later in the story, the engkantos and diwatas comes to help Juan in his adventures. They have a bigger and important role in the continuing between the aswangs and the humans.

Cast and characters

Main cast 
 Coco Martin as Juan dela Cruz
 Erich Gonzales as Rosario Galang
 Albert Martinez as Samuel Alejandro

Supporting cast 
 Gina Pareño as Belen "Loley" Gonzales
 Eddie Garcia as Julian "Lolo Juls" dela Cruz
 Arron Villaflor as Mikael "Kael" G. Reyes
 Zsa Zsa Padilla as Laura Alejandro
 Joel Torre as Mang Pepe
 Shaina Magdayao as Prinsesa Mirathea "Mira"

My Little Juan 
Due to the success of Juan dela Cruz, the show was given a new series called My Little Juan. The new series which tells more about Juan's childhood before he was known as the new "Tagabantay". The series was first shown on 20 May 2013 and ended on 13 September 2013.

References

Other websites 
Official website 

2010s television series
Philippine television series
2013 television series debuts
2013 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in the Philippines
2013 television series endings
21st-century disestablishments in Asia
The Flag of the Philippines has two horizontal bands colored royal blue and scarlet. It also has a triangle on its left side with an 8-rayed sun and three stars. The three stars symbolizes the archipelago's three principal islands, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The 8 rays of the sun of the flag symbolizes the provinces of Manila, Cavite, Bulacan
, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija,Laguna, Bataan and Batangas. The latter group were the first to be placed under Martial Law by Spain when the Philippine Revolution began. The flag of the Philippines can be also hoisted upside-down to show that the country is at war. The flag was designed by Emilio Aguinaldo.

Philippines
Philippines
The Bangsamoro Republik, officially the United Federated States of Bangsamoro Republik ()  was a former unrecognized breakaway territory in the Philippines. All countries consider the Bangsamoro Republik to be part of the Philippines. Nur Misuari, the chaiman of the Moro National Liberation Front declared the independence of the Bangsamoro Republik in Talipao, Sulu. Davao City is declared to be the capital of the state.

It was said to be a federal republic. The government was in exile. According to Misuari, the republic's territory covers the islands of Basilan, Mindanao, Palawan, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi. These are places where the Bangsamoro traditionally lived. But according to Emmanuel Fontanilla, Bangsamoro Republik also includes the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak. Fontanilla is Misuari's legal counsel.

References

2013 establishments in Asia
Philippines
The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) is a rebel group in the Philippines. It was started by Nur Misuari in 1969. The MNLF fights against the Philippine government for the independence of the Bangsamoro Land. Over the years there have been several attempts to achieve peace between the MNLF and the government. In 1976 a treaty was arranged by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation but this failed. In 1986 President Corazon Aquino met with Misuari, and in 1989 the area was given a level of autonomy. President Fidel Ramos arranged a peace deal in 1996 which allowed Misuari to be elected as regional governor. Misuari led an uprising against the federal government in 2001, but this failed and he was sent to prison. The MNLF says that the territory of Bangsamoro Land covers Sulu, Mindanao, Palawan and Sabah (in Malaysia). The MNLF is an observer member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

References

Other websites
 The Long Struggle to Silence the Guns of Rebellion: A Review of the Long and Winding Trail to the Elusive Peace Agreements by The CenSEI Report
 Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) (Facebook page)

Islamic organizations
1969 establishments in Asia
Nationalist organizations in Asia
Rebel militia groups in Asia
1960s establishments in the Philippines
Marlon Alexander Stöckinger (born 4 April 1991 in Manila) is a Filipino-Swiss racing driver. He raced for Status Grand Prix in the 2012 GP3 Series. He is currently driving for Lotus F1 Team Juniors in the 2013 World Series by Renault. He is the first Filipino to win a formula race in Europe.

Stöckinger is the 2006 Asian Karting Champion, 2007 Philippine Rotax Max Champion and the 2008 Formula BMW Pacific Scholarship Winner.

Early life
Stöckinger was born in Manila, Philippines. He is the son of a Swiss businessman and racing enthusiast, Tom Stöckinger, and a Filipina woman, Egin San Pedro. He grew up in the Philippines. When he became 17 he went to Europe to be a racing driver.

References

Other websites
Marlon Stöckinger's personal website 

Racecar drivers
1991 births
Living people
Filipino sportspeople
People from Manila
ClariS is a Japanese pop music duo and idol unit. The members are high-school girls Clara and Alice from Hokkaido. ClariS was originally known as "Alice Clara". ClariS began singing covers of songs mostly featured in anime and songs originally sung by Vocaloids. They posted their cover song in Nico Nico Douga video sharing website between October 2009 and June 2010. In September 2010, ClariS was signed to SME Records. They released their first single "Irony" in October 2010. That song was used as the opening theme to the 2010 anime Oreimo. ClariS released six more singles between 2011 and 2013. Their debut album Birthday was released in April 2012.

Other websites
Official site 
Official website as Alice Clara 
 

Girl groups
J-pop bands
2009 establishments in Asia
Duos
People from Hokkaido
2000s establishments in Japan
The Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) is a bird of prey that can be found only in the Philippines. It is also called the monkey-eating eagle, as well as agila ("eagle"), haribon, haring ibon ("king bird") and banog ("kite") by the locals. This eagle is known to be the largest eagle in wing surface and length. It is the national bird of the Philippines. The Philippine eagle is protected by law in the Philippines. learning that the Philippine Eagle has been found in danger, it has been made to be the national bird of the Philippines.

Home and Protection 
Cutting down a large number of trees (Deforestation) is one of the important reasons why the Philippine Eagle is in danger. Scientists have learned that the eagle lives in the eastern Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and that many eagles live in Mindanao. The eagle is known to live a long time, but it is still unknown how long it can live in the wild. The Philippines made this eagle the national bird in 4 July 1995 for a reason - to give attention to this bird. Gaining a lot of attention, the Philippines held events such as "The Philippine Eagle Foundation" in order to save this eagle .

Preferred Food 
The people of the Philippines have learned that the Philippine Eagle likes eating flying lemurs and civets . The eagle's known food is only in Mindanao. It is unknown in the eastern Luzon on what the eagle eats, because flying lemurs live in the home of Mindanao and are not present in Luzon . The eagle's preferred food can change depending on the time of the season or where the eagle lives. With enough information on each animal that the eagle eats, the eagle's preferred animals are mostly animals that live in trees.

Related pages
Haast's Eagle

References

Other websites
Philippine Eagle Foundation. A foundation devoted to saving the Philippine Eagle.
Animal Diversity Web – Pithecophaga jefferyi
National Geographic Magazine – "The Lord of the Forest"
Bringing Back Ol' Blue Eyes – article on Philippine Eagle Foundation work on Mindanao

Birds of Asia
Philippines
Accipitriformes
Looper is a 2012 American science fiction action-thriller movie directed and written by Rian Johnson. It stars Bruce Willis, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Emily Blunt, and Jeff Daniels. It was released to positive reviews on September 28, 2012. Critic Roger Ebert gave the movie 3.5/4 stars. It won nine awards and was nominated for twenty-six.

References

2012 crime movies
2012 thriller movies
2010s crime thriller movies
2010s action movies
2012 science fiction movies
American action movies
American crime thriller movies
American science fiction movies
English-language movies
Dystopian movies
American independent movies
In Ancient Rome, several types of Roman houses existed. Those in Rome were of at least three different types.

Insulae 

Ordinary people lived in apartment blocks called Insulae, a kind of apartment building. It housed most people of lower- or middle-class status (the plebs). The wealthiest from the upper-middle class (the equites) had their own homes.

Insulae were of poor quality, but they did have running water and sanitation. Rooms could be owned or rented. They were built in timber, mud brick, and later primitive concrete. They were restricted in height to about 20 metres.

Fires and collapses happened. Among his many business interests, Marcus Licinius Crassus speculated in real estate and owned numerous insulae in the city. When one collapsed from poor construction, Cicero said that Crassus was happy that he could charge higher rents for a new building than the collapsed one.

Domus 

Houses of the rich and upper classes were lavish. The atrium was the most important part of the house. It was where guests were greeted. The atrium was open in the centre, surrounded at least in part by porticoes with high ceilings, that often contained only a little furniture to give the effect of a large space. In the centre was a square roof opening in which rainwater could come, draining inwards from the slanted tiled roof. There were kitchens, bedrooms, a dining room, and a number of open rooms.

The master's office was placed so that the master could see what others were doing. The domus was not just a house; it was a place of business as well.

Servants would use a servants' entrance, not the main entrance. Slaves could not leave the house without permission of the master.

Villas 

A Roman villa was a Roman country house built for the upper classes. There were two kinds of villas. The villa urbana, was a country seat in easy reach of Rome (or another city). The villa rustica was a farm-house estate, like the later English country house. It was occupied by servants who ran the estate.

In the Empire, there was a concentration of Imperial villas near the Gulf of Naples, on the Isle of Capri, at Monte Circeo on the coast and at Antium (Anzio). Wealthy Romans escaped the summer heat in the hills round Rome, especially around Frascati (such as Hadrian's Villa). Cicero had at least seven villas. The oldest of these was near Arpinum, which he inherited. Pliny the Younger had three or four, of which the example near Laurentium is the best known from his descriptions.

Large villas were important to the Roman economy. They dominated the Po valley, Campania, and Sicily, and were also found in Gaul.  Villas were centres of mining, pottery, or horse raising.  Villas specializing in shipping olive oil to Roman legions in Germany were a feature of the southern Iberian province of Hispania Baetica. Some luxurious villas have been excavated in North Africa in Africa Province and Numidia, or Fishbourne Palace in Britannia.

References 

Ancient Rome
Houses
The Yomiuri Giants is a Japanese baseball team based in Tokyo. They are owned by a major newspaper company, and are the most successful team in Japan. They play home games at the Toyko Dome.

Other websites
Japanball 

Baseball teams
Baseball in Japan
Dili is the name of one of the 13 municipalities of East Timor, which includes the national capital Dili. 

Dili is the smallest municipality in East Timor, but it has the highest population. It is the economic and political centre of East Timor.

Geography

The district of Dili, with , is the smallest district of the country; it lies on the north coast of the island of Timor on the Savu Sea. It borders the districts of Manatuto to the east, Aileu to the south, Liquiçá to the west and the Savu Sea to the north. Atauro Island,  to the north of the district opposite the capital, is one of its administrative posts.

The district is divided in six administrative posts: Atauro, Cristo Rei, Dom Aleixo, Metinaro, Nain Feto and Vera Cruz.

The capital of the district is Dili and the administrative headquarters of the district are located in Caicoli, in the administrative post of Vera Cruz. The city of Dili extends over several administrative posts. Other settlements in the district are Dar (administrative post Veracruz), Hera (Cristo Rei) and Metinaro (Metinaro).

Mountains are close to the coast so that most of the landscape is mountainous. Near the western border is the Lake Tibar, one of the few large lakes of East Timor. Three small lakes with salt water are near Tasitolu and they have been named as Important Bird Area and also the entire island of Atauro.

Climate
The climate of Dili is typical of the north coast of East Timor. In the dry season, the temperature could get up to about ; at night, the temperature is around . In the rainy season the temperature is around . The annual average is . Rain falls almost exclusively during the rainy season from late November to April. The average annual rainfall is .

Population
The district of Dili had a population of 245,873 in 2011, more than in any other district in the country. Its density is  inhabitants per km², the greatest in East Timor.

The administrative posts with more people living there are Nain Feto, Dom Aleixo and Cristo Rei Veracruz. Atauro and Metinaro have less people living there. The average age is 20.8 years (2010), well above the national average of 18.8 

Tetum, the official language, is the dominant language on the coast where the dialect Tetum Praça (a dialect with a great influence from Portuguese) is spoken; in the interior of the district and in Metinaro, the national language Mambai is often spoken.

References

Other websites

 Ministry of State Administration 
 Dili District Development Plan 2002/2003 

Municipalities of East Timor
The turquoise-browed motmot (Eumomota superciliosa) is a bird of the motmot family. It lives in Central America, from south-east Mexico (mostly the Yucatán Peninsula) to Costa Rica. The turquoise-browed motmot is a colourful bird, mostly turquoise, green and orange. It is common and not in danger. It lives in fairly open habitats such as on the edges of forests and scrubland.

The motmots live in the tropical forests of Central America. They are brightly coloured with a strong beak. They have a signature tail with two bare feathers ending in tufts, just like this bird. This effect is got by the tail feathers having no barbs along the middle section.

This motmot has other local names. Itis called Torogoz in El Salvador and Guardabarranco in Nicaragua. It is the national bird of these two countries.

References

Other websites

 Motmot Research, Troy G. Murphy 

Coraciiformes
Birds of North America
Nymphomaniac is a 2013 two-part erotic drama movie. It was directed by Lars von Trier. It is about a nymphomaniac who meets an asexual virgin and tells him about her sexual adventures. In the movie are Charlotte Gainsbourg, Stacy Martin, Stellan Skarsgard, Shia LaBeouf, Uma Thurman and Christian Slater. The movie was released on December 25, 2013 in Denmark. It was released in early 2014 in some other countries. It was filmed in Germany and Belgium in 2012. The Guardian gave the movie four out of five stars.

References

Other websites
Official website 

2013 drama movies
2010s LGBT movies
2010s erotic movies
Adultery in movies
Belgian drama movies
Belgian LGBT movies
Danish movies
English-language movies
French drama movies
French LGBT movies
German drama movies
German LGBT movies
Swedish drama movies
Swedish LGBT movies
LGBT drama movies
LGBT erotic movies
Movies about virginity
Rape in movies
Movies directed by Lars von Trier
Movies about pedophilia
Lauren Pierce Bush (born June 25, 1984) is a fashion model and designer. She is a niece of former President George W. Bush and granddaughter of former President George H. W. Bush. Bush was born in Denver, Colorado and raised in Houston, Texas.

References

People from Denver, Colorado
Models from Houston, Texas
1984 births
Living people
Louise Hand is an Australian diplomat. She is a senior career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 

On 29 December 2011, Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs, Martin Ferguson, made Hand the new Australian High Commissioner to Canada. 

Before this appointment, Hand was worked for the Department of Climate Change as the Ambassador for Climate Change (2009–2011). Hand has served overseas as Minister and Deputy Head of Mission at the Australian Embassy, Jakarta (2005 to 2009), Ambassador to Cambodia (2000 to 2003), Counselor, Australian Permanent Mission on Disarmament, Geneva (1995 to 1998), and Third (later Second) Secretary at the Australian Embassy in Vienna (1986 to 1989).

In Canberra, Hand has held the jobs of Assistant Secretary in the Arms Control Branch (1999 to 2000), Director of the Ministerial and Executive Liaison Section (1999), Director of the Business Affairs Unit (1993 to 1994) and Executive Assistant to the Secretary (1992 to 1993).

Hand holds a Bachelor of Arts and Masters Qualifying degree from the University of Queensland and an MBA from Deakin University. She is married and has two daughters.

In January 2009, she was awarded a Public Service Medal for her work in Indonesia.

References

Other websites

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Ambassadors of Australia
The Saint of Bleecker Street is a three-act opera with words and music by Gian Carlo Menotti.  It was first performed at The Broadway Theatre in New York City on December 27, 1954. The opera won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1955 and the New York Drama Critics Circle award for best musical. The opera is about a young woman in New York City's Little Italy who receives the stigmata. 

Compositions by Gian Carlo Menotti
Stigmata
1950s operas
1954