cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The scientific revolution was a time (1550-1700) following the Middle Ages and the Renaissance when many discoveries were made. During this time, new ideas and discoveries fundamentally changed the way people thought; they also forced people to think differently, and started what is called science today. Better printing presses after Johannes Gutenberg's time caused a great rise in publishing. This period roughly lasted from the 16th to the 18th century. 

Galileo Galilei invented kinematics and disproved Aristotle's old theory of gravity. One of his students said he dropped two balls of iron (one weighing one pound, the other a hundred) off the leaning tower of Pisa. The objects fell at the same speed which brought about new methods of thinking in that time period. In 1542, Nicolaus Copernicus published his work On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, in which he said that not the earth, but the sun was at the center of the universe. This theory is known as Heliocentrism today. In the same year, Andreas Vesalius pubilshed his work  On the Structure of the Human Body. This book is about the anatomy of the human body. 

The philosopher Alexandre Koyré (18921964) first used the term 'scientific revolution'  for this time period.

Related page 
Paradigm shift

History of science
Jack the Giant Killer is a 2013 fantasy/adventure movie. It stars Nicholas Hoult as the title character. This movie is based on the fairy tale of the same name.

2013 movies
2010s adventure movies
2010s fantasy movies
Movies based on fairy tales
American adventure movies
American fantasy movies
English-language movies
Warner Bros. movies
Richard Percy "Dick" Jones (February 25, 1927 – July 7, 2014) was an American actor. He voiced Pinocchio in the second animated Disney movie, Pinocchio.

Jones died at his home on July 7, 2014 from complications from a fall at the age of 87.

References

Other websites

Actors from Texas
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American radio actors
American voice actors
Accidental deaths from falls
1927 births
2014 deaths
The District of Durrës is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Durrës County. There are 242,801 people who live here. The capital is Durrës.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Elbasan is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Elbasan County. There are 224,689 people who live in the district. The capital is Elbasan.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Fier is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Fier County.  There are199,442 people who live here. The capital is Fier.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Gjirokastër is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. There are about 56,720 people.  Many of its people are Greek. The capital is Gjirokastër. It is part of Gjirokastër County.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Gramsh is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Elbasan County. There are 24,230 people. The capital is Gramsh.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Has is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is one of the smallest districts. There are 17,419 people.It is part of Kukës County.  The capital and only municipality is Krumë.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Kavajë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Tirana County. There are 82,921 people. The capital is Kavajë.

References

Districts of Albania
The Kolonjë District is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Korçë County. There are 14,318 people. The capital is Ersekë.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Korçë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. It is the second-largest district.  138,898 people live in the Korce District. The capital is Korçë.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Krujë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Durrës County. There are 67,698 people. The capital is Krujë.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Kukës is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. There are 45,616 people. The capital is Kukës.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Kurbin is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Lezhë County. There are 54,977 people. The capital is Laç.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Lezhë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Lezhë County. There are 77,184 people. The capital is Lezhë.

References 

Districts of Albania
The District of Librazhd is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Elbasan County. There are 63,192 people. The capital is Librazhd.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Lushnjë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Fier County. There are 143,276 people. The capital is Lushnjë.

References

Districts of Albania
American Bandstand is an American music and amateur dance show. It was televised in various versions from 1952 to 1989. It was hosted from 1956 until its final season by Dick Clark. He was also its producer. The show "starred" teenagers off the street dancing to Top 40 hits introduced by Clark. At least one popular musical act would usually appear in person to lip sync one of their latest hits. Dick Clark became an American media mogul as a result of the show. It also inspired similar music programs, such as Soul Train and Top of the Pops.

Other websites

American television series
American television
First run syndicated television programs
English-language television programs
The Malësi e Madhe District is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Shkodër County. There are 36,091 people.  The capital is Koplik.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Mallakastër is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Fier County. There are 31,356 people. The capital is Ballsh.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Mat is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Dibër County. It is named after the Mat River, that flows through the district. There are 48,803 people. The capital is Burrel.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Mirditë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Lezhë County. There are 26,668 people. The capital is Rrëshen.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Peqin is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Elbasan County. There are 31,004 people. The capital is Peqin.

References 

Districts of Albania
The District of Përmet is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Gjirokastër County. There are 22,029 people. The capital is Përmet.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Pogradec is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Korçë County. There are 70,575 people.  The capital is Pogradec.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Pukë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Shkodër County. There are 24,323 people. The capital is Pukë.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Sarandë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is in Vlorë County. There are 48,474 people. The capital is the city of Sarandë.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Shkodër is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Shkodër County. There are185,646 people. The capital is Shkodër.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Skrapar is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Berat County. There are 10,200 people.  The capital is Çorovodë.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Tepelenë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Gjirokastër County. There are 23,800 people. The capital is Tepelenë.

References

Districts of Albania
Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest (which was earlier called Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve) is a New Year's show that was originally hosted by Dick Clark until he had a stroke during 2004. It airs on ABC. It takes place in Times Square on December 31 of every year. It shows the yearly New Year's Eve ball drop. On December 31, 2004, Regis Philbin hosted the show because of Clark's stroke. The show has been hosted by Ryan Seacrest on New Year's Eve since December 31, 2005. Seacrest hosted with Clark until Clark's death in 2012.

Actress Jenny McCarthy, Singer Lucy Hale, Singer Jessie James Decker, Singer Billy Porter and Comedian Liza Koshy have reported for this show from Los Angeles and Times Square, respectively.

Show's history
In the December 31, 1999 show, it was called ABC 2000 Today because 2000 would mark a new millennium. Peter Jennings hosted this show.

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

American television
English-language television programs
ABC network shows
The District of Tirana is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Tirana County. There are 717,426 people. The capital is Tirana.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Tropojë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Kukës County. There are 16,260 people. The capital is Bajram Curri.

References

Districts of Albania
The District of Vlorë is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania.  It is part of Vlorë County. There are 151,314 people. The capital is Vlorë.

References

Districts of Albania
The Albanian Armed Forces were formed after the declaration of independence in 1912. There is the General Staff, the Albanian Army, the Albanian Air Force and the Albanian Naval Defense Forces.

The Albanian Army is helped by the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, the United Kingdom, Greece, Turkey, Switzerland, Denmark and Belgium.

History 
Although there were earlier Albanian armies the modern forces were founded in 1912.

In 1928 it had 8.000 soldiers.

The army grew up to 511.000 soldiers during the communist era due to forced conscription.

There are 14,500 troops and 2,000 civilians, trained to NATO standards.

References

Albania
Albania
Mount Korab is the highest mountain of North Macedonia and Albania.  Its peak is a border between the two countries. 

Mount Korab is pictured in the Coat of arms of North Macedonia.

References

Other websites

Balkan Mountains
Geography of Albania
North Macedonia
The Principality of Arbër, also known as Arbanon or Arbëria, was the first Albanian state.  It existed during the Middle Ages. It was formed around 1190. The Principality ended in 1255.

References

History of Albania
1190 establishments
1255 disestablishments
1190s establishments in Europe
12th-century disestablishments in Europe
The League of Lezhë (2 March 1444 – 25 April 1479) was a group of Albanian principalities.  It was formed in Lezhë on 2 March 1444.  It was the first time all of Albania was together as a country.  It was started by Skanderbeg to fight the Ottoman Armies.

References

History of Albania
1440s establishments in Europe
15th-century disestablishments
1444 establishments
Karen Allen (born October 5 1951 in Carrollton, Illinois) is a theatre and movie actress. Mainly a stage actress, she started by playing small parts in movies. She is best known as Marion Ravenwood in Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981). Allen also costarred in the sequel Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008).

References

Other websites

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Illinois
1951 births
Living people
Saturn Award winners
Actors from Chicago
Bullet to the Head is a 2012 action thriller movie. Sylvester Stallone and Christian Slater star. The earlier plays a hitman.

Plot
In New Orleans, hitman Jimmy Bobo and his partner Louis Blanchard kill a corrupt former Washington, D.C. policeman, Hank Greely. Bobo leaves a prostitute, Lola, alive. Later, at a bar, Blanchard is murdered by a man named Keegan. The man also threatens to kill Bobo.

Bobo and Detective Taylor Kwon meet each other in a bar. Kwon informs Bobo he knows Bobo and Blanchard killed Greely. Bobo leaves, and Kwon tries to follow him. Kwon is attacked by corrupt cops who were ordered by a man named Robert Morel to prevent Kwon from further investigating about Greely. Bobo rescues Kwon and takes him to a tattoo parlor. There, Bobo's estranged daughter, Lisa, treats Kwon's wounds. They later go to a massage parlor, where Bobo interrogates a middleman named Ronnie Earl, the man who hired Bobo and Blanchard on Morel's behalf. Ronnie Earl tries to kill Bobo. Bobo then kills Ronnie Earl, though his gun jams.

Bobo and Kwon agree to work together. They kidnap Morel's lawyer Marcus Baptiste and take him to Bobo's house. Baptiste is forced to give them a USB flash drive, which details Morel's plans to acquire housing projects and demolish them. Baptiste reveals Keegan is an ex-mercenary hired to be Morel's enforcer. After that, Bobo shoots him in the head.

Cast
 Sylvester Stallone as James "Jimmy Bobo" Bonomo
 Sung Kang as Detective Taylor Kwon 
 Sarah Shahi as Lisa Bonomo
 Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje as Robert Nkomo Morel
 Christian Slater as Marcus Baptiste
 Jason Momoa as Keegan
 Jon Seda as Louis Blanchard
 Holt McCallany as Hank Greely
 Brian Van Holt as Ronnie Earl
 Weronika Rosati as Lola
 Dane Rhodes as Lieutenant Lebreton 
 Marcus Lyle Brown as Detective Towne
 Douglas M. Griffin as Baby Jack

Reception
Rotten Tomatoes gave Bullet to the Head a 47% rating. Metacritic gave the movie a 48 score, meaning "mixed or average reviews". Jay Weissberg of Variety magazine called it a "kickass actioner driven by personality rather than plot."

Box office
Bullet to the Head was Stallone's worst opening weekend box office in 32 years. The movie only took in almost $22 million, failing to bring back its $55 million budget.

Awards
Stallone was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor in this movie.

References

2012 thriller movies
2010s action thriller movies
American action thriller movies
Movies directed by Walter Hill
English-language movies
Small shelly fossils (SSF), or small shelly fauna, are tiny fossils, many only a few millimetres long. They have a record from the latest stages of the Ediacaran to the early Cambrian period. Almost all are from earlier rocks than more familiar fossils such as trilobites. Most SSFs were preserved by being covered quickly with phosphate. This method of preservation is mainly limited to the later Ediacaran and early Cambrian periods, so the animals that made them may have arisen earlier and continued after this time.

Some of the fossils represent the entire skeletons of small organisms, including the mysterious Cloudina and some snail-like molluscs. However, the bulk of the fossils are fragments or parts of larger organisms, including sponges, molluscs, slug-like halkieriids, brachiopods, echinoderms, and onychophoran-like organisms that may have been close to the ancestors of arthropods.

One of the early explanations for the appearance of the SSFs – and the evolution of mineralized skeletons – is a sudden increase in the ocean's concentration of calcium. However, many SSFs are made of other minerals, such as silica. The first SSFs appear around the same time as organisms first started burrowing to avoid predation, so it is likely that they represent early steps in an evolutionary arms race between predators and increasingly well-defended prey. Nevertheless, it is still true that the animals used minerals that were most easily accessible.

The small size and (usually) broken nature of SSFs makes them difficult to identify and classify. However, they provide evidence for how the main groups of marine invertebrates evolved, and for the pace and pattern of evolution in the Cambrian explosion. They include the earliest known representatives of some modern phyla, and they have the great advantage of presenting a nearly continuous record of early Cambrian organisms whose bodies include hard parts.

Fossils
Ediacaran
Cambrian
The Treaty of London was a treaty signed on 30 May. It was to move the borders of countries after the First Balkan War.

The Balkan League won the war from the Ottoman Empire. The Balkan League was Serbia, Greece, Kingdom of Bulgaria, and Montenegro. One important border to decide was Albania. There was a declaration of independence by Albania on 28 November 1912. All of the Ottoman Empire, except Albania, was given to the Balkan League.

Because not everyone was happy with the Treaty of London, the Second Balkan War started on June 13. Peace came after theTreaty of Bucharest on 12 August 1913.

London 1913
1913
Ottoman Empire
History of Albania
20th century in London
1910s in England
Loretta Young (born Gretchen Young, January 6, 1913 - August 12, 2000) was an American actress. Young was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, and moved to Hollywood, Los Angeles, California when she was three. Her sisters were actresses Polly Ann Young (1908-1997) and Sally Blane (1910-1997). 

Young won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in The Farmer's Daughter. She won three Emmy Awards in the 1950s and a Golden Globe Award in 1986.

She was a devout Roman Catholic. She died of ovarian cancer in Los Angeles.

References

Other websites 

1913 births
2000 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Los Angeles
American child actors
American movie actors
American Roman Catholics
American silent movie actors
American television actors
Deaths from ovarian cancer
Emmy Award winners
Golden Globe Award winners
Actors from Salt Lake City, Utah
Napa is a city in the U.S. state of California.  It is the county seat of Napa County.

References

Other websites
 

Cities in California
County seats in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Napa County, California
Disney Parks, Experiences and Products (formerly Walt Disney Parks and Resorts) is part of Disney Studios Corporation. 

The best well-known when, Disney sold their 50% of Disneyland and Walt Disney World, Disney Consumer Products began licensing the characters of Disney such as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, Pluto, Winnie the Pooh, Tigger, Snow White, Cinderella, Sheriff Woody, Buzz Lightyear, Darth Vader, Bettgum, Spider-Man, Batman and Superman for use in the parks.

It includes:

Disneyland Resort
Walt Disney World Resort
Tokyo Disney Resort
Disneyland Paris
Hong Kong Disneyland Resort
Shanghai Disney Resort
Disney Cruise Line
Disney Vacation Club
Adventures by Disney
Disney Regional Entertainment
Walt Disney Imagineering
Walt Disney Creative Entertainment

References

1954 establishments in the United States
American entertainment companies
Disney companies
Madeleine Astor (19 June 1893 – 27 March 1940) was an American socialite, who survived the sinking of the RMS Titanic. She was married to John Jacob Astor IV. Madeleine passed away on March 27, 1940. She died from heart failure, but some rumors say she overdosed on drugs.

References

Other websites

1893 births
1940 deaths
People from New York City
RMS Titanic
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a law of the United States. It made it easier for African-Americans and non-English speaking citizens to vote. In some parts of the United States, people were forced to pay a poll tax or take a literacy test before being allowed to vote. This process kept many African-Americans from voting. The Voting Rights Act made all of those practices illegal. 

1965 in the United States
African-American history
Democratic rights
United States federal legislation
1960s in law
Bok choy (also known as pak choi, boc choy, and pok choi) is classified as a Chinese cabbage.  It is part of the cabbage family and does not have the same stringiness. The dark green, crinkly leaves of the most common type are like Romaine lettuce.

History 
The Chinese, who have been cultivating the plant for more than 5000 years,  commonly refer to bok choy as pak choi or "white vegetable." Another common name is white cabbage.

References

Other websites

 

Leaf vegetables
Amadora () is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The city and municipality has 175,872 people in eleven freguesias (parishes). It has an area of 23.77 square kilometres. It is the most densely populated municipality of Portugal.

It is a suburb of Lisbon, and both cities share the same subway, bus and train network. It is  a residential city, and the landscape includes apartments, parks and industrial areas. Amadora also has immigrants from Angola, Cape Verde and Brazil.

Each year, Amadora organizes the Amadora International Comics Festival.

Parishes
 Alfornelos
 Alfragide
 Brandoa
 Buraca
 Damaia
 Falagueira
 Mina
 Reboleira
 São Brás
 Venda Nova
 Venteira

Other websites
 Câmara Municipal da Amadora - official municipal Web site
 Amadora International Comics Festival - official festival Web site
 Latest photos and urban developments of Amadora.

Cities in Portugal
Municipalities of Portugal
Symphonic metal is a genre that combines heavy metal with symphonic music.

Notable bands 
 Nightwish
 Within Temptation
Robert James Brown, also known as Bob (born 27 December, 1944), is a former Australian Greens Senator and former Parliamentary leader of the Australian Greens. He was the first openly gay member of the Parliament of Australia and the first openly gay leader of a political party in Australia. Prior to that, he served as a member for Denison in the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 1983 to 1993 and Leader of the Tasmanian Greens from their foundation in 1992 to 1993. On 13 April, 2012, Brown resigned as Greens leader and was succeeded by his deputy Christine Milne and indicated his intention to resign from the Senate in June. In May 2012 the replacement was selected and has been named as Peter Whish-Wilson who is an economist and winemaker who has previously stood fro the greens and assumed office on 21 June 2012 and Senator Brown resigned on 15 June 2012.

References

Other websites

1944 births
Living people
Australian Greens politicians
Australian LGBT people
Gay men
LGBT politicians
Members of the Australian Senate
Politicians from New South Wales
Politicians from Tasmania
Archaeometallurgy is a kind of archaeology. It is the study of metals in the past, specifically the content, production, and use of metals.

Methods
Archaeometallurgy research is the analysis and comparison of the chemical composition of samples.

Archaeology
Metals
In gay slang, a "friend of Dorothy" (occasionally abbreviated FOD) is a term for a gay man. The phrase dates back to at least World War II, when homosexual acts were illegal in the United States. Stating that, or asking if, someone was a "friend of Dorothy" was a euphemism used for discussing sexual orientation without others knowing its meaning.

Origin 
The origin of the phrase is most commonly attributed to the movie, The Wizard of Oz because Judy Garland, who starred as the main character Dorothy, is a gay icon. In the film, Dorothy is accepting of those who are different. For example the "gentle lion" living a lie, "I'm afraid there's no denyin', I'm just a dandy lion." Others claim that the phrase refers to celebrated humorist and critic Dorothy Parker, who included some gay men in her famous social circle.

Misunderstanding 
In the early 1980s, the Naval Investigative Service was investigating homosexuality in the Chicago area. Agents discovered that gay men sometimes referred to themselves as "friends of Dorothy." Unaware of the historical meaning of the term, the NIS believed that a woman named Dorothy was at the center of a massive ring of homosexual military personnel. The NIS launched an enormous hunt for Dorothy, hoping to find her and convince her to reveal the names of gay servicemembers.

Related pages 
Judy Garland as gay icon

References

Further reading 
 Chauncey, George (1994). Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Makings of the Gay Male World, 1890-1940. New York: Basic Books.
 Duberman, Martin (1993). Stonewall. New York: Dutton. Lesbian and gay life before and after Stonewall, as seen by six contemporaries.
 Duberman, Martin, Martha Vicinus, and George Chauncey, Jr. (eds) (1989). Hidden From History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past. New York: NAL Books. Twenty-nine essays covering aspects of the gay and lesbian world from ancient to contemporary times.
 Grahn, Judy (1990). Another Mother Tongue: Gay Words, Gay Worlds. Boston: Beacon Press. Explores the use of language to define gay and lesbian culture by examining stereotypes as access points into history.
 Katz, Jonathan (1992). Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A.: a Documentary History. Rev. Ed. New York: Meridian.
 Marcus, Eric (1992). Making History: The Struggle for Gay and Lesbian Equal Rights, 1945-1990: An Oral History. New York: HarperCollins.

Other websites 
 Cruise Critic on "Friends of Dorothy"

Gay slang
I Could Go On Singing is a 1963 movie starring Judy Garland and Dirk Bogarde. It was Garland's last movie. It was not a huge box office success, but it won Garland much praise for her performance. In Bogarde's autobiographies and in the 2004 biography, it is recounted that Judy Garland's lines were substantially rewritten by Bogarde (with Garland's consent).

Plot 
Judy Garland plays a superstar singer named Jenny Bowman. She had met a man 15–16 years before. He is now a prominent physician, played by British actor Dirk Bogarde. They had a child whom she let his father raise in England. Jenny wants to finally see him, but in the end is left to her true home, the stage. Originally titled The Lonely Stage, it was renamed I Could Go On Singing, so that audiences would know it was the first time Garland sang in a movie since A Star Is Born in 1954.

Cast 
 Judy Garland as Jenny Bowman
 Dirk Bogarde as David Donne
 Jack Klugman as George Kogan
 Gregory Phillips as Matt
 Aline MacMahon as Ida
 Pauline Jameson as Miss Plimpton
 Jeremy Burnham as Hospital surgeon
 Lorna Luft as girl on boat
 Joey Luft as boy on boat

Music 
All songs performed by Judy Garland.

 I Am the Monarch of the Sea (Judy Garland and Boys) from H.M.S. Pinafore  by Gilbert and Sullivan
 Hello Bluebird, words and music by Cliff Friend
 It Never Was You, Kurt Weill and Maxwell Anderson
 By Myself, Arthur Schwartz and Howard Dietz
 I Could Go On Singing, Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg

Movie reviews 
"Either you are or you aren't - a Judy Garland fan that is. And if you aren't, forget about her new movie, I Could Go On Singing, and leave the discussion to us devotees. You'll see her in close-up...in beautiful, glowing Technicolor and striking staging in a vibrant, vital performance that gets to the essence of her mystique as a superb entertainer. Miss Garland is - as always - real, the voice throbbing, the eyes aglow, the delicate features yielding to the demands of the years - the legs still long and lovely. Certainly the role of a top-rank singer beset by the loneliness and emotional hungers of her personal life is not an alien one to her..."
- Judith Crist, The New York Herald Tribune

"3 stars...Judy Garland is back on screen in a role that might have been custom-tailored for her particular talents. A new song, I Could Go On Singing, provides her with a little clowning, a chance to be gay, a time for wistfulness, an occasion for tears. She and Dirk Bogarde play wonderfully well together, even though the script itself insists on their being mismatched..."
- Dorothy Masters, The New York Daily News

Soundtrack and video/DVD releases 
It was released on video in 1989, and on DVD in 2004. The soundtrack album was released at the time of the original movie release, and appeared on CD in 2002 along with the Garland album That's Entertainment!

Other websites 
 The Judy Garland Online Discography "I Could Go On Singing" pages.

References

1963 drama movies
British drama movies
American drama movies
1960s musical movies
Movies directed by Ronald Neame
is a Japanese city in Mie Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

History

In the Edo period, Kameyama-juku, Seki-juku and Sakanoshita-juku were the 46th, 47th and 48th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (shuku-eki) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.  All three Tōkaidō rest stops are within the boundaries of modern Numazu.

Gallery

Related pages
 The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō

References

Other websites

 Kameyama City website 
  Hiroshige prints, Kameyama ,  Seki ,  Sakanoshita 

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Mie Prefecture
The National Liberation Front is a socialist political party in Algeria. It was formed on November 1, 1954 from several smaller groups.  It was started to get independence for Algeria from France.

Politics of Algeria‎
Socialism
Political parties in Africa
1954 establishments
Nationalist organizations in Africa
National liberation movements
20th-century establishments in Algeria
Elizabeth Banks (born February 10, 1974) is an American television and movie actress. She was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Her movies include the Spider-Man franchise, 2008's comedy Zack and Miri Make a Porno, Invincible, The Hunger Games, and in The Lego Movie and sequel The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part. Banks is a Democrat. She attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention to support President Obama's re-election.

References

Other websites

Actors from Massachusetts
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Democrats (United States)
1974 births
Living people
The national flag of Algeria has two equal vertical bars, green and white. In the center is a red star and crescent.  The white color is for peace.  Green is for the beauty of nature.  Red is for the blood of those killed fighting for independence in the Algerian War (1954 to 1962).  The star and crescent are for Islam.

Algeria
Algeria
"Australian Convict Sites" is a World Heritage Site which includes the remains of 11 places used in the transportation of convicts to Australia. This was a plan by the British government to move thousands of prisoners from England to Australia. It started with the sending of the First Fleet to Sydney in 1788 and continued for about eighty years. The Australian Convict Sites include places in Sydney, Tasmania, Norfolk Island, and Fremantle. These show:

" .. the best surviving examples of large-scale convict transportation and the colonial expansion of European powers through the presence and labour of convicts."

All the sites were all individually included on the Australian National Heritage List before being put on the World Heritage list in 2010.

Penal Sites Included
The 11 penal sites making up the Australian Convict Sites World Heritage listed property are
  Cockatoo Island Convict Site (New South Wales) 
  Great North Road (New South Wales) 
  Hyde Park Barracks (New South Wales) 
  Old Government House (New South Wales) 
  Kingston and Arthurs Vale Historic Area (Norfolk Island) 
  Brickendon and Woolmers Estates (Tasmania)  
  Cascades Female Factory (Tasmania) 
  Coal Mines Historic Site (Tasmania) 
  Darlington Probation Station (Tasmania) 
  Port Arthur (Tasmania) 
  Fremantle Prison (Western Australia)

Criteria for Listing
There are over 3000 convict sites remaining in Australia. The Australian Convict Sites were selected as the best examples of the world's convict era. This met World Heritage Selection Criteria IV & VI:

Criterion IV (i.e. a collection of buildings/architecture etc. showing an important stage in human history):

"an exceptional example of the forced migration of convicts - an important stage of human history"

Criterion VI (i.e. directly associated with events etc. of importance to the whole world):

"an extraordinary example of global ideas and developments associated with the punishment and reform of the criminal elements of humanity during the Age of Enlightenment and the modern era

Related pages 
 List of World Heritage Sites in Australia

References

Other websites 
 Australian Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (2008) Australian convict sites: World Heritage NominationAccessed 5 August 2010

 
World Heritage Sites in Australia
Sequoia National Park is a national park in the U.S. state of California. It was created on September 25, 1890. The park covers . The park contains the highest point in the contiguous 48 United States, Mount Whitney, at  above sea level. The park is next to Kings Canyon National Park. The two parks are managed together by the National Park Service.

The park is famous for its giant sequoia trees. One of these trees is the General Sherman tree, one of the biggest trees on Earth. The General Sherman tree is in the Giant Forest, which has five of the ten biggest trees in the world.

References

Other websites

 NPS: official Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks website

National parks in the United States
Geography of California
Tulare County, California
1890 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in California
The Groupement des industries françaises aéronautiques et spatiales (GIFAS, in English Group of French aerospace industries) is a  French aerospace industries association created in 1908, featuring more than 260 members. The first name of the association was Association des Industries de la Locomotion Aérienne. It acquired its current name in 1975.

The current president of the GIFAS is Éric Trappier, the CEO of Dassault Aviation.

References

1908 establishments in Europe
Aviation in France
Aerospace engineering
Scientific organizations
1900s establishments in France
UniverSud Paris is a grouping of higher education institutes in France. It groups 21 public universities and the national research center. These places teach nearly all subjects of sciences (fundamental, engineering, business).

History
In 1991, the French government decided to create the "French Poles of Research and Higher Education". In 2007, its status changed to a public establishment for scientific cooperation (établissement public de coopération scientifique).

Colleges and institutes

The member universities and institutes are :

 Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences (Agro ParisTech), founded in 2007, as a result of the merger of three agronomy, forestry and food science schools with roots dating back to 1824
 National Veterinary School of Alfort, founded in 1765
 National School of Landscape (ENSP), founded in 1965
 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), founded in 1946
 National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (formerly Cemagref), founded in 1981
 French agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), founded in 1999
 Telecom & Management SudParis, founded in 1979
 Genoscope (French National Sequencing Center), founded in 1996
 National School of Computer Science for Industry and Business (ENSIIE), founded in 1968
 HEC Paris, founded in 1881
 École Polytechnique (X), founded in 1794
 École supérieure d'optique (IOGS), founded in 1917
 École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Versailles, founded in 1969
 SOLEIL (French particle accelerator), founded in 2006
 Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), founded in 1943
 Paris-Sud 11 University, founded in 1971
 Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, founded in 1991
 University of Évry Val d'Essonne, founded in 1991
 École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, founded in 1880
 École Centrale de Paris, founded in 1829
 École supérieure d'électricité (Supélec), founded in 1894

References

Colleges and universities in France
1991 establishments in France
Île-de-France
Charity is the act of giving help to those in need of it. It is a humanitarian act. It involves giving money, goods or time and effort to those who need it. It is done without expecting something in return. Giving money or food to poor people is an example of charity. Poor, sick or injured people are generally considered the proper people to whom charity should be given. When such people are not supported, they often begin begging, which is directly asking for help from people they do not know. Others may rely on support from charitable organisations. These organisations collect money and goods and then give them to those in need.

Most charities are concerned with providing basic needs, such as food, water, clothing, health care and shelter. The most common form of charity is donating money. The money is then used to buy these basic needs. However, there are many other actions that may be performed as charity, such as teaching orphans, donating blood, or money to help fund medical research.

Charitable giving can be a responsibility in many religions. This kind of charity is called almsgiving or alms. In Islam, for example, it is called zakat. It is one of the five most important duties of being a Muslim.

Related pages 
 Altruism
 Charitable organization
 Compassion
 Fundraising
 Humanitarianism
 Philanthropy
 Pro bono

References

Altruism
Daphnia are small, planktonic crustaceans, between 0.2 and 5 mm in length. Daphnia are members of the order Cladocera. They are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans often called water fleas because of their jumpy swimming style. They live in various aquatic environments ranging from acidic swamps to freshwater lakes, ponds, streams and rivers.

Anatomy & physiology

Circulation 
Daphnia have open circulatory systems. Instead of having blood vessels, the daphnia have a fluid called haemolymph. The haemolymph is pumped throughout the body cavity (which is called a haemocoel).

Nervous system 
The Daphnia’s nervous system consists of a brain that has two or three pairs of ganglia. Ganglia are nerve cells that tend to cluster up. The nervous system also has nerve rings that go round the oesophagus. Last of all, it has a paired ventral nerve cord.

Reproduction 
The Daphnia reproductive system is parthenogenetic. The female daphnia produce eggs without mating. That means that their eggs can grow without being fertilized. The female daphnia carries its 50 or so eggs in the brood chamber, until they are ready to hatch. Daphnia can still mate, the only difference is that the “mated” eggs have an extra hard shell that can protect them from harsh conditions for a long time. These eggs are called cysts, and they can hatch when conditions are favorable again, which is usually around spring.

Other 
Daphnia spp. are a popular live food in tropical and marine fish keeping.

References

Other websites 
 Van Bergen, Yfke. 2004. Daphnia breaths easy. Journal of Experimental Biology 207, i-ii 

Branchiopods
From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs (or need) is a slogan that Karl Marx made popular in his writing Critique of the Gotha program, published in 1875. The German original is Jeder nach seinen Fähigkeiten, jedem nach seinen Bedürfnissen. According to Marx, once a communist society has been established, it will produce enough goods and services so that everyone's needs can be satisfied.

Even though the phrase is commonly attributed to Marx, he was not the first to use it. The slogan was common within the socialist movement. Louis Blanc first used it in 1839, in "The organization of work".  The origin of this phrasing has also been attributed to the French communist Morelly, who proposed in his 1755 Code of Nature "Sacred and Fundamental Laws that would tear out the roots of vice and of all the evils of a society" including the following:

References

Socialism
Kassaman or Qassaman (We Pledge) is the national anthem of Algeria. Mufdi Zakariah wrote the lyrics in 1956.  He did this while in jail by the French. The composer of the music is Mohamed Fawzi, from Egypt. He wrote the lyrics on the walls of a French prison with his blood.

Lyrics

National anthems
Algeria
20th-century establishments in Algeria
1956 establishments in Africa
The national emblem of Algeria is the seal used by the government.  Other states use coats of arms.  The current emblem began in 1976.  The difference was changing the motto from French to Arabic. On the emblem is the crescent that is also found on the Flag of Algeria.  It is a symbol of Islam.  The text says "The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria".

The Hand of Fatima is in front of the Atlas Mountains.  It is below a rising sun to show a new era.  Buildings are for industry and plants for agriculture.

Historic coats of arms and emblems

Algeria
Algeria
1976 establishments in Africa
20th-century establishments in Algeria
Crater Lake National Park is a national park in the U.S. state of Oregon. It was created in 1902. It is the only national park in Oregon. The park includes the caldera of Crater Lake, the remains of the destroyed volcano Mount Mazama, and nearby hills and forests. 

The lake is  deep. It is the deepest lake in the United States, the second deepest in North America and the ninth deepest in the world. The lake is so deep because of the caldera it is in.

Crater Lake has no streams flowing into or out of it. All water that enters the lake is eventually lost from evaporation or flowing away underground. The lake is re-filled only from snow and rain.

Related pages
 Cascade Volcanic Arc

References

National parks in the United States
Oregon
Robert John "Bob" Carr (born 28 September 1947) was a Labor member of the Australian senate from 6 March 2012 to 24 October 2013 and Foreign Minister  13 March 2012 to 18 September 2013. Before that, he was Premier of New South Wales from 1995 to 2005.

References

Other websites

1947 births
Living people
Premiers of New South Wales
Politicians from Sydney
Australian Labor Party politicians
Members of the Australian Senate
Australian ministers for Foreign Affairs
A total of 19 places in Australia have been chosen as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

History
UNESCO was created for the "conservation and protection of the world’s inheritance of books, works of art and monuments of history and science". The constitution of UNESCO was ratified in 1946 by 26 countries.

Australia agreed to take part in the World Heritage Convention on 22 August 1974.

List
The World Heritage Site (WHS) list has developed over time.  It is part of a process; and the list continues to grow.

As of 2020, there are 20 WHS places in Australia.
 4 cultural sites
 12 natural sites
 4 mixed sites

There are 2 sites which are on a tentative list.

Table

Tentative list
The tentative list consists of sites which have been nominated.  The evaluation process is not yet completed.
 Great Sandy World Heritage Area
 Gondwana Rainforests (extension to existing property)
 Murujuga Cultural Landscape
 Flinders Ranges

Notes

References

Other websites

 UNESCO, World Heritage Sites
  List of biosphere reserves which are wholly or partially world heritage sites

Australian culture
Australia
Australia-related lists
Total Recall is a 1990 American science fiction action movie directed by Paul Verhoeven. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, Michael Ironside, Rachel Ticotin and Sharon Stone. It is set in the year 2084 in a terraformed Mars. The movie was released in June 1990. The story of the movie came from "We Can Remember It for You Wholesale" by Philip K. Dick.

It was remade in 2012.

Release dates

Other websites 

1990 action movies
1990s mystery movies
1990 science fiction movies
1990s American action movies
American mystery movies
American science fiction movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Paul Verhoeven
Movies set in the future
Movies set on Mars
Dystopian movies
Movies about dreams
"That's the Way (I Like It)" is a disco-pop song released during late 1975 by the group KC & the Sunshine Band. It was risqué at the time because of certain lyrics. This single has been covered and sampled by various artists through the years.

Pop songs
1975 songs
Hefei () is a city and municipality () in eastern China. Hefei is the capital the Anhui province. It is the political, economic, and cultural center of Anhui. It is located in the central portion of the province, and it borders Huainan to the north, Chuzhou to the northeast, Wuhu to the southeast, Tongling to the south, Anqing to the southwest and Lu'an to the west. Hefei has 7.06 million people, 2.18 million of whom lives in the urban area.

History 

From the 8th to the 6th centuries BC, there were many small states in Hefei. The area later became a part of the Chu kingdom. Many archaeological finds dating from this period have been made. In the 2nd century BC, the name 'Hefei' was first given to the county set up in the area under the Han dynasty.

In the 3rd century AD, the Battle of Xiaoyao Ford was fought at Xiaoyao Ford () in Hefei. Zhang Liao, a general of the Wei state, led 800 picked cavalry and defeated the 200,000-strong army from Wu. After this battle, Wu and Wei fought for several decades in Hefei.

Political divisions 
Hefei Municipality is divided into 4 districts, 4 counties and 1 city.

Luyang District ()
Yaohai District ()
Baohe District ()
Shushan District ()
Feidong County ()
Feixi County ()
Changfeng County ()
Lujiang County ()
Chaohu City ()

References

Cities in China
Anhui (; ) is a province in the east of China. The capital is Hefei. The area of Anhui is 139,400 km2, the population of it is roughly 62,548,000 (2017).

Administrative divisions
Anhui is divided into seventeen prefecture-level divisions:

Provinces of China
The Australian Fossil Mammal Sites is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Queensland and South Australia.

The UNESCO listing is for two separate areas where fossils from the Cainozoic era have been found. Riversleigh is in the north west corner of Queensland and Naracoorte is in the south east corner of South Australia. The Riversleigh site is part of the Lawn Hill National Park.

The sites are important for their extinct marsupials. The fossils show the evolution of mammals in Australia over the last 20 million years. The Naracoorte site is part of the Naracoorte Caves National Park. Its fossils show the way marsupials adapted to the great climate changes that have affected the world over the last 170,000 years.

Related pages 
 List of World Heritage Sites in Australia

References

Other websites

References  

World Heritage Sites in Australia
Lagerstätten
Protected areas of South Australia
Protected areas of Queensland
The Indian Armed Forces are the military of India. It is made up of an Army, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard. There are other parts like Paramilitary and Strategic Nuclear Command.

The President of India is its Commander-in-Chief. However, it is managed by the Ministry of Defence.

In 2010, the Indian Armed Forces had 1.32 million active personnel. This makes it one of the largest militaries in the world.

Currently, the Indian Army is becoming more modern by buying and making new weapons. It is also building defences against missiles of other countries. In 2011, India imported more weapons than any other nation in the world.

From its independence in 1947, India fought four wars with Pakistan and one war with China.

Every year, 7 December is celebrated as Armed Forces Flag Day.

References
Na Hye-sok (28 April 1896 – 10 December 1948) was a Korean independence activist and artist, poet, novelist, and feminist activist. She was a famous woman among early 20th century oil painters. Her nickname was Jeongwol.

Work books 
 Na Hye-sok Jeonjip (나혜석전집, 羅蕙錫全集)
 Go on a honeymoon, the tomb of  first love (첫사랑의 무덤으로 신혼여행을 가다)
 Divorce testimony (이혼고백서, 離婚告白書)
 Na Hye-sok Works Collection (나혜석 작품집)
 Gyunghee (경희)
 Jeongsun (정순)

Related pages 
 Uhwudong
 Heo Nanseolheon
 Hwang Jinyi
 Lim Yunjidang

Other websites 

 Na Hye-sok (1896-1946) 
 Na Hye-sok 
 Na Hye-sok:Navercast 
 Times Weekender; Na Hye-Sok Lived Flamboyant Life to Tragic End. - Korea Times (Seoul, Korea) | HighBeam Research - FREE trial 
 Creating new paradigms of womanhood in modern Korean literature: Na Hye-sok's "Kyonghui".(Critical Essay) - Korean Studies | HighBeam Research - FREE trial 
 Most Feminine and Feminist 
 Kyonghui 

Korean writers
Korean poets
Korean painters
Korean feminists
1896 births
1948 deaths
The Indian Army is the part of the Indian Military which operates on land. It is the largest part of the Indian Military.

In 2010, Indian Army had 1,128,000 active personnel and 960,000 personnel. It has more soldiers than any other nation except China and the U.S.

References 

Army
Armies