cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ely (; IPA , rhyming with "freely") is a cathedral city in the East Cambridgeshire district of Cambridgeshire in the east of England and  north north-east of Cambridge.

Ely has been called a city for a long time because it has a cathedral. However, the Royal Charter making it a city was only issued in 1974. Ely's population was 15,102 in 2001. This means Ely is the third smallest city in England. Only after Wells in Somerset and the City of London which are smaller.

The University of Cambridge rowing team has a boathouse on the bank of the river and train there for the annual Boat Race against the University of Oxford.

The 1944 Boat Race was raced on the River Great Ouse near Ely, the only time it has not been held on the River Thames. The race was won by Oxford despite Cambridge being ahead early in the contest.

Landscape 
Ely is built on an clay which is one of the highest points in the Fens. This is very different to the West of Cambridgeshire which is made up of limestone. The river Great Ouse runs through the city, and is one of the longest rivers in the UK with many others flowing into it. The drainage area of the rivers that form the Great Ouse is around 6000 square miles (16,000 square kilometres). This is five times larger than the Fens itself The landscape was a large marsh until the 18th century, when much of the Fens was drained, making Ely no longer an island. Because of this, the ground around the city is very fertile and most of the region is used for farming. The marshes also had many different animals in them such as the Eel, which the city is named after.

Climate 
Cambridgeshire is one of the driest counties in Britain. It is protected from coastal wind from the east. It gets an average of 24 inches (600mm) of rain per year. Because of this, Cambridgeshire is warm in summer and cold and frosty in winter.

References 

Settlements in Cambridgeshire
Cities in England
Derby is the county town of Derbyshire. It may also refer to:

Places 
In Australia:
 Derby, Tasmania
 Derby, Western Australia

In South Africa:
 Derby, South Africa

In the United Kingdom:
 Derby Road railway station, Ipswich, England
 West Derby, Liverpool, England

In the United States:
 Derby, Colorado
 Derby, Connecticut
 Derby, Iowa
 Derby, Kansas
 Derby, New York
 Derby, Vermont
 Derby Line, Vermont

Sport 
 Derby County F.C., a football club currently playing in the Premier League
 Derby (horse race), a race usually restricted to three year old horses
 Epsom Derby
 German Derby
 Kentucky Derby
 New Zealand Derby
 Victoria Derby

 Local derby, a game between two neighbouring teams
 Demolition derby
 Roller derby
 Soap Box Derby
 Bike derby
 Fishing derby
 Home Run Derby

Other meanings 
 Apache Derby, a Java relational database management system from Apache Software Foundation (ASF)
 Earl of Derby, a title in the peerage of England
 Derby hat, another name for a bowler hat
 Derby shoe
 Derby cigarettes, a brand of cigarettes sold in some parts of Latin America
 Royal Crown Derby, a pottery factory in Derby, England
 Derby Missile, a beyond-visual-range (BVR) air-to-air missile developed by RAFAEL Armament Development Authority.
 Derby Records, a record label.
 Sage Derby cheese, a kind of cheese.
Gamma is a Greek letter. Used as a symbol or name it may refer to:

Language
 Latin gamma, used as an IPA symbol for voiced velar fricative, and in the alphabets of African languages.

Science and Mathematics
The Greek letter gamma is used in both science and mathematics very often.

Unspecified
 Gamma wave, a type of brain wave
 Lapse rate, the temperature change with height in an atmosphere
 linewidth, relating to uncertainty of mass energy in short-lived particles
 Gamma is an old non-SI name for either a microgram or for a nanotesla, SI units
 Gamma quadra, in Socionics

Lower case, γ
 Gamma correction, a property of images and video displays
 Gamma ray, also Gamma radiation, an electromagnetic ray
 Adiabatic index, also known as the Heat capacity ratio, the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure to that at constant volume.
 Bayer designation, the third brightest star
 Euler-Mascheroni constant, a mathematical constant
 photon, seen as an elementary particle in physics
 Lorentz factor in relativity theory and astronomy
 propagation constant of an electromagnetic wave
 voiced velar fricative in phonetics

Upper case, Γ
 Gamma distribution, a probability distribution function
 Gamma function, a mathematical function
 Christoffel symbol in General Relativity
 reflection coefficient in electrical engineering
 mathematical finance, where it is a risk measure, or Greek
 center of the Brillouin zone
 The Feferman-Schütte_ordinal Γ0

Technology
 Gamma software, in computer software and video game development
 GM Gamma platform - a subcompact automobile platform by General Motors
 Gamma correction, in video, graphics, color spaces, and photographic imaging
 Elias gamma coding, in computer science, encoding, compression

Things and places
 Tropical Storm Gamma, an Atlantic tropical storm

Popular culture
 Brave New World, where it is the third caste
 E-102 Gamma, a video game character
 Gamma (band), a rock band
CHI could mean:

Chile, the long and narrow South American nation between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean.
Chicago, the IATA city code for a major US city (sometimes informally written "Chi" or "Chi-town"). Additionally, most Chicago sports teams can be called "CHI" or "Chi" when citing scores, etc.
 Chicago Bears, a National Football League team
 Chicago Blackhawks, a National Hockey League team
 Chicago Bulls, a National Basketball Association team 
 Chicago Cubs, a Major League Baseball team
 Chicago White Sox, a Major League Baseball team
 Child Health International, a UK based charity for children's health (especially Cystic Fibrosis) in poor countries
 Human-Computer Interaction, otherwise known as Computer-Human Interaction (CHI) 
 CHI, an annual, international academic conference on the topic of Computer-Human Interaction
 Chromosomal crossover, in homologous recombination, a viral DNA sequence called a "crossover hotspot instigator" (CHI)
CHI, Longwood University's, secret honorary society formed in 1900 in Farmville, Virginia
 Closed Head Injury, meaning the skull is not broken.
 Columbia Helicopters, Inc of Aurora, Oregon.  Manufacturer and Operator of heavy lift helicopters
 Chingford railway station, London; National Rail station code CHI

Chi 
Chi could mean:
 Chi, the Greek letter, Χ
 The Chi distribution, which is denoted by 
 The Chi-square distribution, which is denoted by 
Chi (kana), a letter used in the Japanese script Hiragana
 Chi (magazine), an Italian magazine based in Milan
 Chi Cheng (musician), Bassist for Deftones
 Chi McBride, actor
 Chi River in North-East Thailand
 Chi, a fictional character in the anime/manga series Chobits
 In Igbo mythology in Nigeria, Chi is a god or personification of an individual's fate
 Chi is an alleged life force in every thing
Mu can be:

Mu, Μ or μ, a letter in the Greek alphabet.
μ is used as a symbol for:
The SI prefix micro, meaning a factor of 10-6 (one millionth).
μ by itself is often used as the "unit" of strain, though in this context it retains its SI prefix meaning, which is interchangeable with "x 10-6" or "ppm" (parts per million).
μ by itself is an abbreviation for the unit micron. Both the term and the abbreviation should not be used. The preferred terms are µm and micrometre
In mathematics,
The arithmetic mean of a statistical population
The Möbius function
The least-fixed-point-operator
A degree of membership from a fuzzy set.
In chemistry,
The chemical potential
In physics, 
The coefficient of friction
The mobility coefficient
The permeability (electromagnetism) coefficient
The muon, an elementary particle
The standard gravitational parameter
The magnetic dipole moment
The linear density
Viscosity
Reduced mass
µTorrent, a freeware BitTorrent client for Microsoft Windows written in C++.
μZiq, An alias of Mike Paradinas. 

In Asian languages:
Mù, (), a Chinese surname
Mu (unit of area) (/), a Chinese unit of area
Mu (kana), represented by the Japanese kana  or 
Mu (negative) (), a Japanese word important in Zen koan practice

Mu may also refer to:
Muonium's atomic symbol 
Mu-metal, an alloy used for screening magnetic fields
Mu (lost continent), a mythical continent in the Pacific Ocean subsequently appearing in several books, films, and games
Mu (rocket), a Japanese rocket
Mu Dan, Chinese poet and translator
Mu Online, an online role-playing game
Mu La Flaga, a character from the anime Mobile Suit Gundam SEED
Aries Mu, a character from the cartoon Saint Seiya
Groupe Mu, an interdisciplinary Belgian group focusing on linguistics and rhetoric
Lemuria, a hypothetical lost continent

MU may stand for:
Mauritius' ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code
China Eastern Airlines's IATA code
Manchester United Football club
The Mothers' Union, global Anglican women's organisation
Monitor unit, a unit used in radiation therapy
Centimorgan or "map unit", a unit of recombinant frequency in genetics
Multiple unit, such as a rail diesel car
MU puzzle, a puzzle in Gödel, Escher, Bach
University of Mumbai, formerly called the University of Bombay
Marquette University
Marshall University
Miami University, a public university in Oxford, Ohio
Millersville University of Pennsylvania
Miskatonic University  
University of Missouri, a public university in Columbia, Missouri 
Mahidol University, a University in Thailand
Manipal University, a university in Karnataka, India
MU (70's band), an early 1970s psychedelic group led by Merrell Fankhauser and Jeff Cotton
MU (00's band), a 00's electro-punk group made up of producer Maurice Fulton and his wife Mutsumi Kanamori.
Mirror Universe (Star Trek), fictional parallel universe in which the plots of several Star Trek television episodes take place
Magic-User, a class type in D&D, HackMaster, and many fantasy RPGs
 Musician, an enlisted rating in the United States Navy
 Isuzu MU Wizard
 Micron Technology
Nu could mean:
 Nu, a letter in the Greek alphabet: lowercase ν, uppercase Ν
 Nu (kana), the Japanese characters ぬ and ヌ
 NU (sound project)
 Nu (mythology), the male form of the Egyptian goddess Naunet
 Nu (Chrono Trigger), a fictional species from the video game Chrono Trigger
 .nu, the Internet top-level domain for Niue
 Nu people, a Chinese ethnic group
 Nu river or Salween River
 U Nu or Mr. Nu, a former Burmese prime minister
 Nǀu language, a moribund Tuu (Khoisan) language spoken by the Nǁnǂe people in South Africa
 Nu Gundam, in the anime Mobile Suit Gundam: Char's Counterattack
 "Nu"? is a Yiddish word meaning "so?" now also absorbed into English meaning "so, what's happening?" or "so, what do you say?" 

In universities:
 Naresuan University, a public university in Phitsanulok, Thailand
 Niagara University, a Roman Catholic university in Niagara County, New York
 Northwestern University, an American research institution in Evanston, Illinois
 Northeastern University, an American research university in Boston, Massachusetts
 Norwich University, a private American military and traditional university in Northfield, Vermont
 National University (Philippines), a private, non-sectarian university in Manila, Philippines

In other abbreviations:
 Nunavut (NU), the largest and newest territory in the territories of Canada
 Nahdatul Ulama (NU), an Islamic group in Indonesia
 Nusselt number (Nu), a dimensionless heat transfer ratio
 Nucellar embryony (Nu+), a form of seed reproduction that occurs in certain plant species
 Bhutanese ngultrum (Nu.), Bhutan's official currency

In codes:
 Japan Transocean Air IATA airline designator
 Nicaragua NATO country code
 Niue ISO 3166 country code

In music:
 Nu metal, a fusion genre of Heavy Metal
San or SAN (acronym) may refer to:

In mathematics:
 Stochastic Activity Network, stochastic extension to Petri nets
 Standard algebraic notation, the most common algebraic chess notation

In technology:
 Storage area network, a network designed to attach computer storage devices
 Styrene-acrylonitrile resin, a plastic

In biology:
 Sinoatrial node, pacemaking tissue in the right atrium of the heart
 Stochastic Activity Network, stochastic extension to Petri nets

In history:
 The Battle Creek Sanitarium was nicknamed The San by its guests.

In fiction:
 San (comics) is the name of a character of the Marvel Universe.
 Princess Mononoke, San is the original name of Princess Mononoke.

In geography:
 San, Mali, a town
 San River, a river in south-eastern Poland and western Ukraine, the Celt's word (san) means exactly river too.
 Sydney Adventist Hospital, due to the original name being the Sydney Sanitarium, which was shortened to the word "san".

In organizations and groups:
 Khoisan, in Southern Africa, also known as the San people, or Khwe Khoe, or Basarwa.
 South African Navy

In transportation:
 San Motors, an Indian automobile manufacturer.
 San Diego International Airport, IATA airport code
 Sandersville Railroad, The AAR reporting mark

In Music:
 San (参) is High and Mighty Color's 3rd Album

In other languages:
 the Italian and Spanish word for Saint
 San (letter), Greek letter between Pi and Qoppa
 -san, a Japanese title used after a person's name, the equivalent of Mr., Mrs. or Miss. Postfix of polite expressions like "Suzuki-san", "Ichirou-san",  or "Suzuki Ichirou-san" to name a personal family name or last name, verbally and literally, generally regardless of position, sex, age, and other factors.

 Pronunciation of 3 in Japanese and Mandarin Chinese
 Dream, in some Slavic languages
 Mountain, in Korean and Japanese.

Other uses:
 Senior Advocate of Nigeria
 Standard Address Number, a number used in the book trade to identify a supplier.
Sho could mean: 
 Shodo, Japanese calligraphy
 Sho, a letter of the Greek alphabet as used to write Bactrian
 Ford SHO V6 engine, an engine designed by Yamaha Motor Company, and used in the Ford Taurus sedan between 1989 and 1995
 Simple Harmonic Oscillator
 Showtime, a premium television network whose name is often shortened to Sho
Shō could mean several things:
 Shō (笙), a Japanese wind instrument
 Japanese given names. The following people have the given name "Shō":
 Sho Aikawa (哀川 翔)
 Sho Hayami (速水 奨)
 Sun Yat-sen (孫逸仙), a.k.a. "Nakayama Shō" (中山樵)
 Sho Sakurai (櫻井翔)
 Sho Yano
 The following fictional characters have the given name "Shō":
 Sho, a ninja from Captain Commando
 Sho of The Drifting Classroom
 Shou Amabane, Burning Rangers
 Syo Ashigawa, a character in Machine Robo Rescue
 Sho Fukamachi, the main and titular character of Battle Booster Armor Guyver
 Shō Kazamatsuri, Whistle!
 Sho Marufuji (Syrus Truesdale), Yu-Gi-Oh! GX (Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters GX)
 Shou Tucker, Fullmetal Alchemist
 Sho Tsukioka, Battle Royale
 Sho Shinjo, Battle Arena Toshinden
 Sho, protagonist of Koei's video game Crimson Sea
 A Japanese surname. The following people have the family name "Shō":
 Mayumi Shō (荘 真由美)
Stigma (plural: stigmata) may refer to:

In biology:

 Stigma (anatomy), a small spot, mark, scar, or minute hole
 Stigma (botany), the part of a flower which takes in pollen
 The eyespot apparatus of unicellular organisms, for example Euglena and Chlamydomonas
 Astigmatism (eye) (stigma of the eye), difficulty in seeing clearly that is caused by a change in the inner shape of the eye

In discrimination:

 Badge of shame, a mark of infamy or disgrace
 Social stigma, a social disapproval of personal characteristics or beliefs that are against cultural norms, including:
Weight stigma, negative attitudes towards overweight/obese individuals

In literature:

 Stigma (book), a 1963 book written by Erving Goffman
 Stigma (manga), a Japanese manga story by Kazuya Minekura

In music:

 Stigma (album), an album recorded by the band EMF in 1992
 Vinnie Stigma, the long time guitarist of the seminal hardcore bands Agnostic Front and Madball

In sociology:

 Stigma (sociological theory), the phenomenon whereby an individual with an attribute, which is deeply discredited by his/her society, is rejected as a result of the attribute

In other fields:

 A bodily mark, sore, or sensation of pain in locations corresponding to the crucifixion wounds of Jesus; see stigmata
 "Stigma" (Enterprise episode), a second-season episode of Star Trek: Enterprise
 Stigma (movie), a 1972 movie featuring Philip Michael Thomas
 Stigma (letter), a ligature of the Greek letters sigma and tau
Zeta or ZETA can refer to:

Alphabet
 Zeta (letter), the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet.

Science
 Zeta functions, in mathematics
 Riemann zeta function
 Tropical Storm Zeta, formed in December 2005 and lasted through January 2006
 Z-pinch, in fusion power
 Zero Energy Thermonuclear Assembly reactor, a British test facility

Computer 
 magnussoft ZETA, a computer operating system
 Zettabyte File System developed by Sun Microsystems

Geography
 Zeta River, in Montenegro
 Zeta plain, in Montenegro

History
 Principality of Zeta, a medieval state, today Montenegro
 Zeta Banovina, one of provinces (banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941

Popular culture
 Zeta Metroid, species of Metroid from Metroid II: Return of Samus
 Z (movie), a political movie by Costa Gavras
 Catherine Zeta-Jones, Welsh actress
 Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam, a televised anime

Publishing and Manufacturing
 Zeta (magazine), a Baja California investigative journalism newsweekly
 GM Zeta platform, a full-size car series
 Zeta, an Australian car produced by Lightburn
 A zeta key, a tool used to drive screws and bolts which have a hexagonal socket in the head.
The rings of Saturn are the planetary rings around the planet Saturn, which can be seen with a small telescope. They consist of many small particles, ranging in size from microscopic to the size of a bus (or bigger) that form clumps that move around Saturn. The particles in the rings are made almost entirely of water ice, with just a small amount of dust and other chemicals.  There are some gaps in the rings.  The moon Pan causes the gap called the "Encke gap" in Saturn's A ring. The Cassini Division, discovered by Giovanni Domenico Cassini, is a gap between the A ring and the B ring. It is a product of orbital resonance.

References

Saturn's moons
Chanson is the French word for "song".  The word is often used in music to mean any song with French words, but it is more often used when talking about songs in which lyrics have been set to music by French classical composers.

Very often "chansons" refers to the French songs that were sung in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance.  People who sang these chansons were called "chansonniers". They had various forms, including ballade, rondeau and virelai.  Some composers at the time liked to set popular poetry to music.  The earliest chansons were for two, three or four voices, many of them being for three voices.   By the 16th century most were for four voices. Sometimes, the singers were accompanied by instruments.

Early chansons

The first important composer of chansons was the medieval composer Guillaume de Machaut.  In the Renaissance Guillaume Dufay and Gilles Binchois wrote many simple chansons.  Later Johannes Ockeghem and Josquin des Prez composed chansons which had lots of imitation between the voices. Clément Janequin wrote more simple, homophonic chansons.  He worked in the area around Paris.  Later composers such as Orlando de Lassus were influenced by the Italian madrigal. The style of music started to be used in music for instruments.

The first book of sheet music printed from movable type was Harmonice Musices Odhecaton, a collection of 96 chansons by many composers, published in Venice in 1501.

Later chansons

During the 16th century French songs started to be composed with lute or keyboard accompaniment.  In the 19th century many composers wrote songs with piano accompaniment.  These chansons were often called mélodies.

Popular Chanson
In France today "chanson" often refers to the work of more popular singers such as Georges Brassens, Jacques Brel, Édith Piaf, Camille, Olivia Ruiz.
French chansons of Jacques Brel have been translated and are interpreted in English by Arnold Johnston, Professor at West Michigan University. More than 100 chansons of Brel, Brassens, Barbara, Bécaud, Ferrat, Aznavour, Trenet et Ferré have been translated and are interpreted in German language by the Duo Stéphane & Didier (see www.deutsche-chanson-texte.de).

Related pages
 Mélodie

References 

Medieval music
Renaissance music
Song forms
C-type asteroids are asteroids made of carbonates. They are the most common variety taking up around 75% of known asteroids, and an even higher percentage in the farther part of the belt beyond 2.7 AU, which is dominated by this asteroid type. The amount of C-types may actually be higher than this, because C-types are much darker than most other asteroid types except D-types and others common only at the extreme farther edge of the Main Belt.

Characteristics
This type of asteroid has very similar spectra to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites (types CI and CM), whose chemical make-up is about the same as the Sun and the primitive solar nebula, except that they do not contain hydrogen, helium and other volatiles. Hydrated (water-containing) minerals are present.

C-type asteroids are very dark with albedos usually in the 0.03 to 0.10 range. Consequently, whereas a number of S-types can normally be viewed with binoculars at opposition, even the biggest C-types require a small telescope. The potentially brightest C-type asteroid is 324 Bamberga, but that object's very high eccentricity means it rarely reaches its maximum magnitude.

Their spectra contain moderately strong ultraviolet absorption at wavelengths below about 0.4 μm to 0.5 μm, while at longer wavelengths they are very featureless but slightly reddish. The so-called "water" absorption feature around 3 μm, which can be a sign of water content in minerals is also present.

The biggest unequivocally C-type asteroid is 10 Hygiea, although the SMASS classification places the biggest asteroid 1 Ceres, here as well, because that scheme lacks a G-type.

References
 S. J. Bus and R. P. Binzel Phase II of the Small Main-belt Asteroid Spectroscopy Survey: A feature-based taxonomy, Icarus, Vol. 158, pp. 146 (2002). 

Asteroids
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (born 88/89 BC, died 12/13 BC) was a Roman politician. He was one of the closest men to Julius Caesar. He was Caesar's deputy in Rome when Caesar was away from Rome defeating Pompey in the battle of Pharsalus in Greece. He served as Pontifex Maximus (High Priest) after Caesar's death. 

Together with Octavian and Mark Antony he formed the Second Triumvirate to oppose the conspirators. The Triumvirate was set up to sideline the Consuls and Senate, which means it was the effective end of the Roman Republic.

Lepidus was older than the other two triumvirs. After the Battle of Philippi, he governed Spain and part of North Africa. He was blamed for a revolt in Sicily. This gave Octavian the excuse to strip him of his offices, except for Pontifex Maximus. He died peacefully in Circeii in Italy about end 12 to early 13 BC.

80s BC births
10s BC deaths
Roman people
European politicians
Chicago, Illinois is the third largest city in the United States of America.

Chicago may also mean:
 The University of Chicago
 Chicago (band), a pop-rock-jazz band
 Their second album, Chicago, released in 1970
 Chicago (CTA), stations on the Chicago Transit Authority's 'L' system, all named for their location on Chicago Avenue
 Chicago (CTA Brown Line)
 Chicago (CTA Red Line)
 Chicago (CTA Blue Line)
 Chicago (typeface), a classic Apple Macintosh font
 Chicago house, a genre of electronic dance music
 Chicago Powerfest, a metal festival held annually near Chicago
 Windows 95, codenamed "Chicago"
 Chicago Manual of Style, published by the University of Chicago
 USS Chicago, the name given to several United States Navy vessels
 334 Chicago, an asteroid
 Chicago (poker game), a Swedish poker game (or any one of several stud poker variants, including "Chicago," "Big Chicago," and "Little Chicago")
 Chicago, Western Cape, a suburb of Paarl, South Africa
Club Atlético Nueva Chicago
There are several Chicago schools of thought, generally named after distinguished programs of the University of Chicago. These include:
 Chicago school (architecture)
 Chicago school (economics)
 Chicago school (literary criticism)
 Chicago school (sociology)

In Entertainment:
 Chicago (band)
 Chicago, a play by Maurine Dallas Watkins, first performed in 1926
 Chicago (1927 film), based on the 1926 play
 Chicago (musical), first performed in 1975, based on the 1926 play
 Chicago (2002 film), based on the 1975 musical
 Chicago (magazine), published by the Tribune Company
 Chicago (art magazine)
 Chicago (album), by rock band Chicago
 "Chicago" (1957 song), by Fred Fisher
 "Chicago" (1970 song), by Graham Nash
 "Chicago" (2005 song), by Sufjan Stevens
 "Chicago" (2006 song), by Clueso
 "Chicago" (poem), by Carl Sandburg
 "Chicago" (Prison Break episode), the 38th episode of the American television series Prison Break
 Chicago (Sam Shepard play), a 1965 play by Sam Shepard
 Chicago (Trance artist)
Lacrosse, invented by the Native Americans, is a popular team sport in North America and a national summer sport for Canada. It involves the use of nets, or "heads" as they are called, which consist of a wooden or metal shaft with a net on the end. Hockey is a game based on this sport. 

There are about three different forms of lacrosse based on the different Native American tribes or places of how they played it. One of the ways still played today is called double stick; you play by using a two and a half foot stick in each hand and tossing a deer skin ball in between the two sticks.

The name “lacrosse” was named by the French settlers; with “Crosse” meaning curved stick it is called the curved stick. Lacrosse played a more serious role in Native American culture than anywhere else. It was often used to settle tribal disagreements. Lacrosse was not a very well-known sport until the late nineteenth century.  Now more than half a million people are playing.

How the game is played 

Lacrosse has two teams, each with ten players. There is one goalie(using a head much larger than a normal players), three defensemen(using a stick with a longer shaft), three midfielders and three attack men. The goalies defend the goals, and if the ball goes into the goal, the team who scored the goal gains a point. Whoever scores the most goals by the end of the game wins, with an overtime period being played if the game is tied. The game has four quarters and starts with a "face off" at the beginning of each quarter. A face off is when the ball is on the ground to start the game, and one person from each team fights for possession of the ball ball.

References
"Lacrosse." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2013.
US Lacrosse. Thomas Vennum, Jr., n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2012. <http://uslacrosse.org/TopNav/MuseumHallofFame/History.aspx >.
Stephen Michael "Steve" Reich (Born October 3, 1936) is an American composer of music in the style of minimalism. He is known for his music made with tape recordings, and instrumental music with a steady beat (such as Music for 18 Musicians).

He also wrote pieces that used what is called a phasing technique. With phasing technique, two parts might be playing the same part but at slightly different speeds. It is almost like a canon, or round. He wrote pieces like these for piano, violin, and, again, for tape recordings.

He also composed such pieces like In C and Different Trains, some of his most popular works. Others include, Drumming, City Life and The Cave.  

The critic Kyle Gann has said Reich "may...be considered...America's greatest living composer."
 

On January 25, 2007, Reich was named the 2007 recipient of the Polar Music Prize, together with jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins. On April 20, 2009, Reich was awarded the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Music for his Double Sextet.

References

Other websites
 (an example of phasing, using two pianos)
 (a composition by Steve Reich for tape)

1936 births
Living people
American composers
A girl group is a music group with a group of female singers who normally harmonise together.

The term "girl group" is also used in a narrower sense in English-speaking countries. It suggests the American female pop singing groups of the late 1950s and early 1960s. They were hugely successful for a time, between the decline of early rock and roll and the British Invasion. Many of them were influenced by doo-wop style.

In the 1950s and 60s, the groups were mostly self-organised, girls who knew each other and often grew up together. The Chantels, for example, were four girl choristers from a Catholic high school in the Bronx, 1957. The Ronettes were two sisters and a cousin.p197 The Supremes were girls from a public housing estate in Detroit, Michigan. They were, and still are, America's most successful vocal group of all time. These groups had managers, of course, because they needed someone to deal with the music industry. But the managers did not set up the groups; they came after the groups were formed.

Later, almost all groups were created by public relations professionals to meet a market need. The Spice Girls were a good example of this. They were put together in the mid-1990s by a family management team. Their managers' idea was to create a girl group to compete with popular boy bands that dominated the pop music scene in the mid- to late-1990s. The Spice Girls sold most albums, and had the best-selling album of all time.

One obvious difference between the earlier groups and the later ones was in their social backgrounds. Earlier American groups, having grown up together, were all of the same social origin and colour. What is more, they had usually sung together, and socialised together, before they formed up as a group. This is also true of most of the earlier British boy groups. The later groups, on the other hand, were deliberately chosen for variety. This was done so that all sections of the audience would have at least one member they could identify with. They had not sung together, or maybe met each other, until their PR manager introduced them.

With the changing times, the marketing of popular music changed greatly, so that direct comparison of sales is not simple. but in many parts of the world digital sales are now the most important.

References
The Metropolitan Borough of Bury is one of the ten Metropolitan boroughs in the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, England.

It was set up in 1974 from the county borough of Bury and the boroughs of Prestwich and Radcliffe, along with the urban districts of Tottington and Whitefield, and part of the urban district of Ramsbottom.

The metropolitan borough, has an area of .

Twin towns 
 Angoulême
 Tulle, Correze Department.  Originally twinned with Prestwich.
 , Schorndorf, a medieval market town to the east of Stuttgart.
 Woodbury, New Jersey.
 Datong.

References

Other websites 
 Bury MBC website

1974 establishments in England
Bury
In Ancient Greece, a metic () was a foreigner living in a Greek city-state (polis). The metic did not have the same citizen rights as a citizen who was born in the state he was living in.

The term 'metic' was especially used in ancient Athens in the 4th and 5th centuries BC. A notable metic was Aristotle, who was born in Stageira but lived in Athens for a long time.

Regardless of how many generations of the family had lived in the city, metics did not become citizens unless the city chose to bestow citizenship on them as a gift. This was rarely done. Citizenship at Athens brought eligibility for numerous state payments such as jury and assembly pay, which could be significant to working people. During emergencies the city could distribute rations to citizens. None of these rights were available to metics. They were not permitted to own real estate in Attica, whether farm or house, unless granted a special exemption.

Metics shared the burdens of citizenship without any of its privileges. Like citizens, they had to perform military service and, if rich enough, were subject to special tax contributions. Citizenship was very rarely granted to metics. More common was the special status of "equal rights" (isoteleia) under which they were freed from the usual liabilities.

The system came to an end in Hellenistic Athens, when the purchase of citizenship became very frequent. The census of 317 BC gave 21,000 citizens, 10,000 metics and 400,000 slaves in Attica.

In the Greco-Roman world, free people (non-citizens) living on the territory of a polis were called "paroikoi"  (see etymology of parish), in Asia Minor "katoikoi".

References 

Ancient Greece
Democracy in Ancient Athens was very different from modern democracy.

Citizens
To be classed as a citizen in fifth-century Athens you had to be male, born from two Athenian parents, over eighteen years old, and complete your military service.  Women, slaves, metics and children under the age of 20 were not allowed to become citizens.

Citizens could be involved in the running of Athens and could be chosen for important positions.  They were also allowed to own land.  Citizens were between 10% and 20% of the total population at various times in the 5rh and 4th centuries.

The Ecclesia (Assembly of Men)
Athens had a direct democracy. This meant that each citizen had an equal say and opportunity in the governing of Athens. The citizens of Athens would meet on a hillside (the Pnyx) 30 to 40 times a year to discuss how to run the city better.  Usually a few thousand actually came to the meeting.

All citizens could attend the meetings.  People would stand on a raised platform called the bema to speak.  Speakers wore a garland whilst speaking. Any citizen could speak.

All major decisions concerning the running of Athens were decided here – taxes, war, policy, etc. Any decisions were made by a show of hands.

A black pig would be sacrificed to the gods at the start of the meeting to make sure the meeting went well.

All democratic countries now have an indirect democracy. This means  members of parliament are elected to make decisions concerning government. There are now too many people in different countries for them to meet on a hillside, and many people are too busy to be able to go many times per year.

The Boule (Council of 500)
Cleisthenes, a democratic reformer, divided Attica into ten tribes in 510 BC. The Boule was made up of 50 male Athenian citizens chosen at random from each of the ten tribes (all over 30 years old). This meant that 500 men were elected, but only 50 served at any one time.

References

Ancient Athens
Democracy
Most Haunted is a British television programme based on a group of paranormal investigators (people who investigate things) going and doing paranormal investigations of places. The following is a list of episodes and locations for the series since it began in 2002.

Series table

  These dates were the dates that complete box sets of DVD's were released on.  Previously, they were only released as single episode DVD's.

Series 1 (2002)

Note:  Most of these episodes were only 30 minutes long, however, some have been made  the full hour and titled 'Most Haunted Unseen'. Footage added has a note that says that it is not part of the original broadcast.  The first episode to be produced, and the last to appear in the series was Michelham Priory. In Series 8, the team revisited this location to mark the 100th episode.

Series 2 (2003)

Series 3 (2003)

Series 4 (2004)

Note: Phil Whyman left at the end of the 4th Series.

Series 5 (2004/2005)

Series 6 (2005)

Note: David Wells became a medium on this show in this series alongside the long-time favorite, Derek Acorah. This was the last series that Derek Acorah would be the medium in and he did not appear in the final episode at Sinai House. The original run for Series 6 was only to be 18 episodes, with the last 11 as Series 7, but due to the leaving of Acorah, the series was made longer.

Series 7 (2005)

Series 8 (2006)

Note: The last 3 episodes were meant to be from Series 7, but were made part of the eighth series. They are known as the "lost episodes" and had more guest showings from Medium Gordon Smith. Also appearing were Ian Lawman, Ian Shillito and Kevin Wade. Richard Felix departed the programme after Series 8 because their producers dropped his role from the show.

Series 9 (2007)
 

Note: The series became known as New Most Haunted after Episode 4 in the television listings on screen, with the word 'New' covering the corner of the logo for the show.

References and notes
 

Lists of television series episodes
Yvette Fielding (born 23 September 1968) is an English television presenter. She is the presenter of the shows Most Haunted, Most Haunted Live! and Ghosthunting with.... She is also the executive producer of the shows.

Early life
Yvette was educated at Pownall Green Primary School and Bramhall High School in Bramhall, Stockport, in Greater Manchester and Poynton. She also attended Hillcrest Grammar School, Davenport.

Career
Fielding presented the children's television show, Blue Peter from 1987 to 1992, and was the youngest ever person to do so; she was only 18 years old when she started. Previously, she had acted in the children's television comedy series Seaview.

Since leaving Blue Peter, Fielding has worked on television shows such as What's Up Doc?, Heaven and Earth, The General and City Hospital, and also had acting roles in Last of the Summer Wine (making an appearance in the series while making a Blue Peter report on the show) and Juliet Bravo. She also appeared as a regular alongside Fred Dineage and Toyah Willcox on a property-pricing based game-show called Under Offer made for Meridian Television.

She appeared in a guest-role in the popular BBC drama Holby City in 2007 and appeared in the ITV2 reality television programme Deadline, finishing second.

Since 2002, Yvette Fielding and her husband Karl Beattie have both made Most Haunted for the British TV channel Living through their production company, "Antix."  Viewers can see Fielding at many possible haunted locations around Britain, in the hopes for paranormal activity that could be caught on film.

Personal life
Fielding and her husband have a daughter, Mary.

Eccentric British pop duo, Astrojade, started their musical career with a song titled "Yvette Fielding" as a homage to her and Most Haunted.

She likes cars and has 3 Aston Martins, a Land Rover and a Range Rover.

References

Other websites
Yvette Fielding Fansite 
"Antix" productions website 
Most Haunted Fan Site
Most Haunted forum

1968 births
English television presenters
Living people
People from Stockport, Greater Manchester
World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc., doing business as WWE, is a big company that produces professional wrestling shows. It is now the most popular company in the wrestling business. Vince J. McMahon started the company in 1963. His son, Vince K. McMahon is currently the chairman and CEO of the company and runs the company along with his daughter Stephanie McMahon and her husband Paul Levesque, better known as Triple H.

The company used to be known as the World Wrestling Federation or the WWF. They changed their name to World Wrestling Entertainment after a lawsuit filed by the World Wide Fund for Nature, formerly known as the World Wildlife Fund, which uses the "WWF" initials in the United States. In 2011, the company rebranded itself as WWE, although its legal name is still World Wrestling Entertainment.

Champions

Current champions 
Tables with a "Days recognized" column means that WWE officially recognizes a different number of days that a wrestler has held a title due to an event airing on tape delay. In some cases, particularly recent NXT UK events, the actual date an event took place is unknown.

Raw

SmackDown

NXT

NXT UK

Shared titles 
 The NXT Cruiserweight Championship is shared between NXT, NXT UK, and 205 Live.
 The 24/7 Championship is shared between all five brands
 The WWE Women's Tag Team Championship is shared by Raw and SmackDown.

The colors indicate the home brand of the champions.

Related pages
 List of WWE personnel

References

WWE wrestlers
Lists of professional wrestlers
The Complutense University of Madrid (, UCM) is one of the oldest universities in the world and the top public university in Spain. It is located on a sprawling campus that occupies the entirety of the Ciudad Universitaria district of Madrid, with annexes in the district of Somosaguas in the neighbouring city of Pozuelo de Alarcón.

According to the annual university rankings conducted by El Mundo, the Complutense University ranks as the top public university in Spain.

Construction
Colleges and universities in Europe
Madrid
On 1 April 1974, the old county of Sussex in South East England was split into East Sussex and West Sussex. About 810,000 people live there.

Unlike many of the changes made by the Local Government Act 1972, the new counties are popular with the local people.

 
1974 establishments in England
Ceremonial counties of England
David Michael Farrell (born February 8, 1977), also known as Phoenix because he is believed to have a tattoo of a phoenix on his back, is Linkin Park’s bassist.

Biography 
Farrell was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts, but when he was five he moved to Mission Viejo, California where he attended Mission Viejo High School. He graduated in 1999 at the University of California, Los Angeles. He can play bass guitar, electric guitar, cello and violin.

Farrell was a member of a Christian punk/ska band called Tasty Snax. While he was at the college, he shared the room with his friend Brad Delson, and they practiced together. 

He had to go on tour with the Tasty Snax so he could not play with Delson and his band. Then, Farrell left his band to play bass with Brad Delson in the band Xero in 1996 but then left in 1998. He then rejoined Xero now called Linkin Park in November 2000 and has been playing with them ever since.

Other websites 
 Linkin park official website

1977 births
Living people
Linkin Park
Bassists
Audi AG is a German automobile manufacturer with headquarters in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, and has been an almost wholly-owned (99.7%) subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group since 1964. Audi AG was founded by August Horch and the current CEO of Audi AG is Rupert Stadler.

Models

old model range
The following tables list Audi production vehicles that are sold as of 2021

S and RS models

References

Bavaria
Armani, is an Italian fashion house (fashion designer company). It started in Milan in 1975 by Giorgio Armani and Sergio Galeotti, with $10,000. The company designs and makes several different types of things, including fashion accessories, clothing, cosmetics, fragrances, home decorations, jewelry, glasses, and watches.

Labels
These are sold with several different named labels such as:

Giorgio Armani

Armani Collezioni
Armani Collezioni is a label from fashion designer Giorgio Armani. The label is more expensive than the Armani Exchange, Armani Jeans  labels but less expensive than the Giorgio Armani label(sometimes named the "Armani black label") and Armani Privé.  

The label is usually for older buyers who do not want new designs, but has older high quality clothes. 

It replaced the Giorgio Armani Le Collezioni line. As well as being sold as the only product in some small shops, it is also sold in expensive department stores such as Harrods, Harvey Nichols, David Jones, Nordstrom and Neiman Marcus.

Emporio Armani
'The label features high-end, ready-to-wear, and accessories. Emporio Armani line has a high quality in luxury fashion clothes and focus on trends and modern traits. Emporio Armani is sold in freestanding Emporio Armani boutiques in high-end department store and its official website'

Armani Exchange
Armani Exchange (often A|X) was made in 1991. It is for younger buyers, often in their older teenage years. It uses city fashion, quick and easy to wear clothes, especially T-shirts, jeans, polos, and sports coats. Armani Exchange is the cheapest of all the Armani labels and is mainly sold in the USA.
The label has 69 shops and 6 outlets in the United States and over 50 shops in other countries. The UK's first shops opened at Bluewater in Kent, "The Trafford Centre" in Manchester and in the Metquater in Liverpool.

Size
At the end of 2005, sales were $1.69 billion. 

Today, the company has 4,700 workers and 13 factories in the world. It has nearly 300 shops in the world, which are in 36 different countries. The company has started a very high-class collection named Armani Privé, which can be seen in the "Haute Couture fashion week" in Paris.

Armani Hotels
Armani agreed in 2004 with Emaar Properties to make some expensive hotels in some big cities, such as London, Paris, New York City, Tokyo, Shanghai, Dubai and Milan. The company already has many cafes in the world, as well as a bar, a restaurant and a nightclub.

Emaar Hotels agreed to build and operate at least seven expensive hotels and three holiday resorts under the "Armani" name. Armani would design the inside of the buildings and the style of the hotels. The first hotel in Dubai is thought to be ready in early 2008.

The bottom 37 floors of the Burj Khalifa skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, will have the world's first Armani Hotel, and Giorgio Armani is also designing the inside of the skyscraper.

References

1975 establishments in Europe
1970s establishments in Italy
Italian fashion houses
Milan
Linux can be changed, so there are many versions and distributions of Linux, each containing different software or made for different purposes. A list of distributions can be found below:

Debian-based 
Debian is a distribution that only accepts free software. It is supported on many hardware platforms.

Knoppix-based 
Knoppix is itself based on Debian.

Ubuntu-based 
Ubuntu is based on Debian.

Gentoo-based 
Gentoo is a distribution designed to have highly optimized and frequently updated software.

RPM-based 
Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux were the original major distributions that used the RPM file format, which is today used in several package management systems. Both of these later divided into commercial and community-supported distributions.

Fedora Linux-based 
Fedora Linux is Linux distribution by Fedora Project.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux-based 
Red Hat Enterprise Linux is based on Fedora Linux.

Others (RPM-based)

Slackware-based 
Slackware is known as a highly customizable distribution,generally considered a distribution for expert users.

SLAX-Based 
SLAX's distributions are known for be really good in branch of quality.

Others 
The following distributions either use another packaging system, do not use any, or are simply not categorized.

Computer-related lists
Giorgio Armani (born 11 July 1934) is an Italian fashion designer. He was born in Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna. He is famous for designing men's clothes. He made his company, Armani, in 1974, and in 2001 was said to be the most successful designer to come from Italy, with a yearly turnover of $1.691 billion, and having $4.1 billion. Armani is openly bisexual.

Related pages
 Armani

References 

1934 births
Living people
Bisexual people
LGBT fashion designers
Italian LGBT people
Italian artists
People from Emilia-Romagna