cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Arnold Skaaland (January 21, 1925 – March 13, 2007) was an American professional wrestler and professional wrestling manager who was best known for wrestling and managing with the World Wide Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Federation. He was nicknamed "The Golden Boy". During his managing career, he managed Bob Backlund, Tony Parisi, Bruno Sammartino and Rick McGraw. He was inducted into the WWF Hall of Fame in 1994 by Bob Backlund.

Championships
Skaaland held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

Cauliflower Alley Club
Other honoree (1994)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was named "PWI Manager of the Year" in 1978 and 1979.

World Wide Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Federation
Lifetime Achievement Slammy Award (1997)
WWF Hall of Fame (Class of 1994)
WWWF United States Tag Team Championship (one time) - with Spiros Arion

Other websites
Arnold Skaaland's WWE Hall of Fame profile

1925 births
2007 deaths
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from New York
WWE Hall of Fame
Night of Champions (2011) was a professional wrestling event that was done by WWE. It happened on September 18th, 2011 at the First Niagra Centre in Buffalo, New York. It was the 4th Annual Night of Champions event, and the 11th overall. Seven matches were played.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Night of Champions website

2011 in professional wrestling
WWE Night of Champions
Sports in Buffalo, New York
2011 in New York (state)
21st century in Buffalo, New York
September events

es:WWE Night of Champions#2011
The 2010–11 NHL season was the 94th season of operation (93rd season of play) of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Pre-season

European exhibition games

Regular season

Standings
The Vancouver Canucks placed first overall, winning the Presidents' Trophy and home advantage throughout the playoffs. The Washington Capitals placed first in the Eastern Conference, earning home advantage in Eastern Conference playoffs.

Note: Bolded teams qualified for the playoffs.

Under NHL rules, first-place teams in each division receive a conference ranking between 1 and 3 regardless of overall points. The Pittsburgh Penguins placed fourth yet had more points than the Boston Bruins, but the Bruins placed first in the Northeast Division to get the third-place ranking.

Playoffs

The 2011 playoffs started on Wednesday, April 13, 2011, and ended with the seventh game of the Stanley Cup Final on Wednesday, June 15, 2011.

Playoff bracket
In each round, the highest remaining seed in each conference is matched against the lowest remaining seed. The higher-seeded team is awarded home ice advantage. In the Stanley Cup Final series, home ice is determined based on regular season points. Each best-of-seven series follows a 2–2–1–1–1 format: the higher-seeded team plays at home for games one and two (plus five and seven if necessary), and the lower-seeded team is at home for games three and four (and if necessary, game six).

NHL awards

Player stats

Scoring leaders 
The following players led the league in points at the conclusion of the regular season.

  
GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/– = Plus-minus; PIM = Penalty minutes

Leading goaltenders 
The following goaltenders led the league in goals against average at the end of the regular season while playing at least 1800 minutes.

GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/shootout losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average

References

Other websites

2010–11 NHL season at Hockey Reference

National Hockey League seasons
2010 in North America
2011 in North America
Dorothée Pousséo (born on February 13, 1979 in Paris, France) is a French voice actress.

She is known for being the official French voice of actresses such as Margot Robbie, Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, Brittany Murphy; as well as cartoon characters like Diane in Martin Mystery, Dee Dee in Dexter's Laboratory, and Mandy in The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy.

Biography 
Pousséo started acting when she was 8 years old, when she appeared in the play Le Malade Imaginaire with French actor Michel Bouquet.

References

Other websites

Official weblisting
Dorothée Pousséo on RS Doublage

French voice actors
Child actors
1979 births
Actors from Paris
Living people
A parallel universe is a universe that is different from the observable universe. This may be due to time travel or other things.

Parallel universe may also be:

Science, physics and philosophy
 Multiverse, the hypothetical set of multiple possible universes
 The many-worlds interpretation of quantum physics

Fiction
 Parallel universe (fiction), alternative universes, worlds, realities and dimensions in fiction
 Alternative universe (fan fiction), fiction by fan authors that deliberately change facts of the universe written about
 List of fiction employing parallel universes

Music
 Parallel Universe (4hero album)
 Parallel Universe (Garnet Crow album)
 "Parallel Universe" (song), a 2000 song by the Red Hot Chili Peppers
 Kalakala: Songs from a Parallel Universe (with a song cycle for solo cello by Serena Tideman)

Literature, movies, & television
 "Parallel Universe" (Red Dwarf), a 1988 episode of Red Dwarf
 Parallel Universes (documentary), a 2001 BBC/Horizon documentary movie
 Mirror Universe (Star Trek), a fictional parallel universe in which several Star Trek television episodes take place

Other
 Parallel Universe (company), a movie company

fi:Multiuniversumi
Teen Wolf is an American TV series. It airs on MTV and in reruns on TeenNick. Season 5 is airing June of 2015.

Premise 
Teen Wolf is about Scott McCall, who is bitten by a werewolf in the pilot. He falls in love with Allison Argent, whose family are werewolf hunters. Teaming up with his best friend, Stiles, Scott must learn to deal with being a werewolf while at high school and encountering many different obstacles and beasts.

Main cast
 Tyler Posey as Scott McCall
 Crystal Reed as Allison Argent (seasons 1-3) 
 Dylan O'Brien as Stiles Stilinski
 Tyler Hoechlin as Derek Hale (seasons 1-4) 
 Holland Roden as Lydia Martin
 Colton Haynes as Jackson Whittemore (seasons 1-2)
 Shelley Hennig as Malia Tate (recurring season 3; main seasons 4–6)
 Arden Cho as Kira Yukimura (recurring season 3; main seasons 4–5)
 Dylan Sprayberry as Liam Dunbar (recurring season 4; main seasons 5–6)
 Linden Ashby as Sheriff Stilinski (recurring seasons 1–5; main season 6)
 Melissa Ponzio as Melissa McCall (recurring seasons 1–5; main season 6)
 J.R. Bourne as Chris Argent (recurring seasons 1–5; main season 6)

Other websites 

2011 American television series debuts
2010s American television series
American comedy-drama television series
American fantasy television series
American horror television series
American teen television series
MTV programmes
Television series set in California
English-language television programs
A municipal corporation is a term used by the local government. An incorporated town is able to create its own laws. These laws are in addition to the laws of the country, province, or state where the town is located.

Municipal corporation happens when an urban neighborhood becomes a self-governing entity under state laws. After this event, an award or declaration is presented by the municipal charter.

Municipal charters 
A municipal charters is a legal paper that establishes municipality; such as a city or town. This was created in Europe during the Middle Ages time. With a municipal charter, the new towns or cities are given rights.

Municipal charters by country

Canada 
In Canada, charters are given by the provincial authorities.

Germany 
In Germany, the municipal charters have existed since the Medieval Times.

India 

In India the municipal corporation has a local government that is in charge of a city population that has 200,000 people or more. Because of the panchayati raj system, the city government has to discuss with the state government. Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad have the biggest municipal corporations. Members are chosen from the wards of the city. The municipal corporations are responsible for roads, public transportation, water supply, records of births and deaths, sanitation that includes waste management, sewage, drainage and flood control, public safety services like fire and ambulance services, gardens and maintenance of buildings. Taxes is where the municipal corporations get their money from to fix problems in their cities.

Republic of Ireland 
In Ireland municipal corporations have been in Ireland since the Medieval Times. In Dublin, the municipal corporation have been there since the 13th century.

South Africa 
In Durban the municipal corporation was called the "Durban Corporation".

Sweden 
In Sweden, cities were made by the royal charter until 1951.

Philippines 
In the Philippines, cities are made by the laws enacted by a lot of national legislatures.

United Kingdom 
In the United Kingdom, cities are made by the royal letter patent.

United States 
In the United States, cities are made by the municipal charters. This is usually followed by a referendum vote.

References

Urban planning
Jorge Arias (born September 5, 1977) is a Mexican American professional wrestler. He currently works for the WWE. He is currently portraying the Sin Cara character. He was formerly known by the ring name Hunico. Before working with WWE, Arias was better known under the ring name Incognito. He mainly worked for the Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) in Mexico and Chikara in the United States. Arias first wrestled under the name "Místico"

Career
Incognito is perhaps best known in the USA for being a member of Team Mexico along with Puma, Magno, and Shocker during Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's 2006 World X-Cup Tournament. Team Mexico finished in 3rd place with Team USA in 1st place, Team Canada in 2nd place, and Team Japan in last place. As well as his career in Mexico working for AAA, he is also known for competing in Chikara, where he won both the 2008 King of Trios (alongside El Pantera and Lince Dorado) and the 2008 Rey de Voladores tournament.

In wrestling

 Finishing moves
 As Hunico
 Backbreaker rack spun into a Samoan drop, sometimes from the top rope
 Falling Star (High-angle senton bomb)
 Hunico Special (Leglock) – FCW
 As Sin Cara
 High-angle senton bomb
 Springboard senton bomb followed by a springboard moonsault
 As Incognito
 Incognito Especial (Leglock)
 Quebradora (Inverted Boston crab)
 Signature moves
 Double underhook backbreaker
 Hip toss into the turnbuckles
 Moonsault side slam
 Northern Lights suplex
 Roll-up transitioned into a one-armed powerbomb
 Saito suplex
 Sitout double underhook powerbomb
 Sitout inverted suplex slam
 Sitout scoop slam piledriver
 Slingshot dropkick to an opponent seated in the corner
 Slingshot somersault senton
 Tilt-a-whirl backbreaker

Championships and accomplishments
 Chikara
 King of Trios 2008 Tournament winner - (with El Pantera & Incognito)
 Rey de Voladores 2008 Tournament winner
 World Wrestling Association
 WWA World Middleweight Title (1 time) 
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 PWI ranked him # 328 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2008.

References

Other websites 
 FCW profile 
 Online World of Wrestling profile

1977 births
Living people
WWE wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from El Paso, Texas
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
Jonathon David Emminger (born November 8, 1983) is an American professional wrestler better known by the ring names Johnny Prime and Lucky Cannon. He is best known for working with the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), where he appeared on NXT as Lucky Cannon and in their developmental territory, Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) as Johnny Prime.

World Wrestling Entertainment

NXT (2010) 
On June 1, 2010, it was announced that Emminger would be participating in the second season of NXT, under the name "Lucky Cannon", with Mark Henry as his mentor.

He was released from his WWE contract on August 8, 2011.

References

Other websites 
Online World of Wrestling profile 

American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Florida
1983 births
Joseph L. Goldstein (b. April 18, 1940) is a biochemist and geneticist of Jewish descent. He is from Kingstree, South Carolina. He was given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Michael S. Brown) for his research on the metabolism of LDL.

Other websites
Biography 

1940 births
Living people
American biochemists
American geneticists
American Nobel Prize winners
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from South Carolina
Educators from South Carolina
International human rights law is a series of the international laws on human rights. International human rights law is based upon the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Charter of the United Nations that declare human dignity and rights of all human being on the earth. Its fundamental philosophy and aim are to prevent war and keep world peace on the earth, with the idea of rule of law.

Human Rights law made by United Nations 
United Nations has adopted Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 to affirm all human rights. To give authority to it by international law, United Nations has adopted International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights for civil rights in 1966. Those treaties are to ensure more in detail the contents of human rights and often called "International Human Rights Bill" together with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Further, the United Nations has adopted treaties on human rights to fortify or supply them. as follow: 
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide against genocide (adopted in 1948)
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees for refugees (adopted in 1951)
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination against racism (adopted in 1965)
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women for women's rights (adopted in 1979)
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment against torture (adopted in 1984)
Convention on the Rights of the Child for children's rights (adopted in 1989)
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families for the rights of migrant workers (adopted in 1990)
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities for the rights of persons with disability (adopted in 2006)

And also United Nations has made United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights accoding to the Vienna Declaration and the Yogyakarta Principles for LGBT rights by International Commission of Jurists and approved by the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2006.

Human Rights Law made other international organizations 
Council of Europe had adopted the European Convention on Human Rights in 1951 to ensure human rights according to Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The European Court of Human Rights is made by this Convention to realize human rights in the member countries of Council of Europe with legal force.

As well, the Organization of American States has adopted the American Convention on Human Rights in 1969 and the African Union has adopted the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights in 1981. Those Organizations also have their own Human Rights Court to ensure human rights affirmed in the Convention or Chater.

Related pages
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Council of Europe
Organization of American States
African Union

Human rights
International law
The Genocide Convention (formally Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide) is a treaty of the international human rights law on genocide created on 9 December 1948 by United Nations. This is to prevent all form of genocide and its incitation and to show how the actors of those must be punished.

This Convention protects all ethnic groups and races of any kind of religions.

Now actor of genocide written in this convention will be judged by the International Criminal Court but there are some countries which do not ratify this Convention and international law on Internationl Criminal Court.

Related pages
 Genocide
 International human rights law
 International Criminal Court

Genocide
Human rights
International law
1948
History of the United Nations
The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift is an 2006 action street racing movie that was produced by Neal H. Moritz and was directed by Justin Lin. The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift was released on June 16, 2006 in North America. It is the third movie in The Fast and the Furious movie series. The movie received mixed reviews with a 34% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 46 out of 100 from Metacritic.

Cast 
 Lucas Black as Sean Boswell
 Bow Wow as Twinkie
 Nathalie Kelley as Neela
 Brian Tee as Takashi
 Sung Kang as Han Lue
 Leonardo Nam as Morimoto
 Brian Goodman as Lieutenant Boswell
 Sonny Chiba as Kamata
 Zachery Ty Bryan as Clay
 Nikki Griffin as Cindy
 Jason Tobin as Earl
 Keiko Kitagawa as Reiko
 Lynda Boyd as Ms. Boswell
 Vincent Laresca as Case Worker

Release Dates

References

Other websites 
Official website
 
 

2006 action movies
American action movies
American drama movies
German action movies
Japanese movies
Fast & Furious movies
Movies set in Japan
English-language movies
Japanese-language movies
Multilingual movies
Movies directed by Justin Lin
Michael Søren Madsen (born September 25, 1957) is an American actor, poet and photographer. He has been in most movies and television series, including Reservoir Dogs, Free Willy, Donnie Brasco, Kill Bill and Sin City. Madsen is also the voice actor for video games, including Grand Theft Auto III, True Crime: Streets of L.A. and DRIV3R.

Personal life
Madsen was born in Chicago, the son of Elaine (née Melson), an Emmy-winning poet, television producer and playwright, who often works for PBS, and Calvin Madsen, a firefighter. Madsen's mother left a career in corporate business to start a writing career. Madsen's paternal grandparents were Danish and his mother has Irish and Native American ancestry.  He has two sisters, Virginia Madsen and Cheri. He began acting at the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago, where he served as an apprentice under actor John Malkovich. Madsen is a housemate in Celebrity Big Brother 2012 (UK).

References

Actors from Chicago
American movie actors
American movie producers
American photographers
American television actors
American voice actors
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
1957 births
Living people
Christopher Shannon "Chris" Penn (October 10, 1965 – January 24, 2006) was an American movie and television actor. he is known for being in movies such as  The Wild Life, Reservoir Dogs, Footloose, Rush Hour, True Romance, All the Right Moves and Pale Rider.

Early life
Penn was born in Los Angeles, California, the youngest son of Leo Penn, an actor and director, and Eileen Ryan (née Annucci), an actress. His paternal grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Lithuania and Russia, and his mother was a Roman Catholic of Italian and Irish descent. According to Penn's mother, Leo Penn may have had distant Spanish ancestry, as the family's surname was originally "Piñón". His brothers are actor Sean Penn and musician Michael Penn.

References

Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1965 births
2006 deaths
Lawrence Bender (born October 17, 1957) is an American movie producer. He became famous when he was the producer of Reservoir Dogs in 1992. He has produced all of Quentin Tarantino's movies except Death Proof.

In the 1980s, he worked as a grip on the series Tales from the Darkside. In 1989, he produced the movie Intruder, in which leading roles are Sam Raimi and Bruce Campbell. He has also been the producer on many other successful movies including Good Will Hunting, The Mexican, the 2007 Academy Award winning movie An Inconvenient Truth, Kill Bill, Pulp Fiction, and the From Dusk Till Dawn trilogy. He was an executive producer of the Legend of Earthsea TV miniseries.

Bender makes cameo appearance in many of the movies he produces: he was a police officer chasing Mr. Pink in Reservoir Dogs, a guest billed as a "long-haired yuppie scum" in both Pulp Fiction and Four Rooms and a hotel clerk in Kill Bill Volume 2.

Since May 2005 Bender has been a blogger at The Huffington Post. He now works in Hollywood running the day-to-day operations of his own production company, Lawrence Bender Productions.  Bender has been working with Nine Inch Nails' Trent Reznor to create a television TV series based on the 2007 album Year Zero.

Filmography
 Tale of Two Sisters (1989) (producer)
 Intruder (1989) (producer)
 Reservoir Dogs (1992) (producer)
 Fresh (1994) (producer)
 Pulp Fiction (1994) (producer)
 Killing Zoe (1994) (producer)
 Four Rooms (1995) (producer)
 White Man's Burden (1995) (producer)
 Snakeland (1996) (executive producer)
 From Dusk till Dawn (1996) (executive producer)
 Good Will Hunting (1997) (producer)
 Jackie Brown (1997) (producer)
 A Price Above Rubies (1998) (producer)
 From Dusk till Dawn 2: Texas Blood Money (1999) (executive producer)
 Anna and the King (1999) (producer)
 From Dusk till Dawn 3: The Hangman's Daughter (2000) (executive producer)
 Anatomy of a Hate Crime (TV) (2001) (executive producer)
 The Mexican (2001) (producer)
 Knockaround Guys (2001) (producer)
 Lost in Oz (TV) (2002) (executive producer)
 Stark Raving Mad (2002) (executive producer)
 Nancy Drew (TV) (2002) (executive producer)
 Kill Bill (2003, 2004) (producer)
 Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights (2004) (producer)
 The Survivors Club (TV) (2004) (executive producer)
 Voces inocentes (2004) (producer)
 Dr. Vegas (TV) (2004) (executive producer, "Pilot", "Limits")
 Earthsea (2004) (exeuctive producer)
 The Chumscrubber (2005) (producer)
 Build or Bust (TV) (2005) (executive producer)
 The Great Raid (2005) (producer)
 Goal! (2005) (executive producer)
 Flirt (TV) (2006) (executive producer)
 An Inconvenient Truth (2006) (producer)
 The Line-Up (TV) (2007) (executive producer)
 88 Minutes (2007) (executive producer)
 Long Island Confidential (TV) (2008) (executive producer)
 The Youngest Candidate (2008) (producer)
 Inglourious Basterds (2009) (producer)
 Countdown to Zero (2010) (producer)

References

Other websites 

Lawrence Bender

Lawrence Bender at HuffPo

1957 births
Living people
HuffPost writers and columnists
American bloggers
The Cider House Rules is a 1999 American drama movie. It is set in Maine and was produced by Richard N. Gladstein, Bob Weinstein and Harvey Weinstein and was directed by Lasse Hallström. The Cider House Rules was released on December 17, 1999 in North America. The movie is based on the novel of the same name written by John Irving. The movie received positive reviews with a 72% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 75 out of 100 from Metacritic. The movie won Best Adapted Screenplay and Michael Caine won Best Actor in a Supporting Role at the 72nd Academy Awards.

Cast 
 Tobey Maguire as Homer Wells
 Michael Caine as Dr. Wilbur Larch
 Charlize Theron as Candy Kendall
 Paul Rudd as Lt. Wally Worthington
 Delroy Lindo as Arthur Rose
 Erykah Badu as Rose Rose
 Heavy D as Peaches
 Kieran Culkin as Buster
 Jane Alexander as Nurse Edna
 Kathy Baker as Nurse Angela
 Kate Nelligan as Olive Worthington
 Paz de la Huerta as Mary Agnes
 J.K. Simmons as Ray Kendall
 Evan Parke as Jack
 Jimmy Flynn as Vernon
 Erik Per Sullivan as Fuzzy S.
 Skye McCole Bartusiak as Hazel
 Jessica Leigh Stern as the orphan girl on staircase in opening scene

References

Other websites 

1999 movies
1990s romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Maine
Movies set in the 1920s
Movies set in the 1940s
Movies directed by Lasse Hallström
Convention against Torture is a treaty of international human rights law created by United Nations on December 10 1984 that prohibits all kind of torture, any cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment or treatment harming the person's dignity. The Convention entered into force on 26 June 1987. 

The Convention is supervised by the Committee Against Torture. 

The Convention also has the optional protocol that enables national or international organization for human rights investigators to research the prisons in a country that ratifies the protocol for knowing if any torture or inhuman treatments or punishments prohibited by the Convention are done.

Related pages
Torture
International human rights law

References

Torture
Human rights
International law
The Halifax Mooseheads are a Canadian ice hockey team. They began playing in 1994. The team currently plays in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). They play their home games in Halifax, Nova Scotia at the Halifax Metro Centre.

Other websites
Official website

Canadian Hockey League teams
Halifax, Nova Scotia
Ice hockey teams in Canada
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League
1994 establishments in Canada
Johnathan James Aitken (born May 24, 1978) is a Canadian retired ice hockey defenceman. Aitken was drafted 8th overall in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft by the Boston Bruins and played three games for them. For the 2000–01 season joined HC Sparta Praha in the Czech Republic. He returned to North America after only a year, and made it back to the NHL during the 2003–04 season with the Chicago Blackhawks, playing 41 games.  Afterwards he headed to the Austrian Hockey League for Klagenfurt AC for the 2006–07 season before retiring from hockey.

Career statistics

References
2005 NHL Official Guide & Record Book

Other websites
 

1978 births
American Hockey League players
Boston Bruins players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Living people
Medicine Hat Tigers players
Sportspeople from Edmonton
ECHL players
Raymond Peter Allison (born March 4, 1959) is a  Canadian retired professional ice hockey forward who played 7 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Hartford Whalers and Philadelphia Flyers.

Playing career
Following his junior career, Allison became the first draft pick in the history of the Hartford Whalers franchise. A year later, Allison was traded in a ten player trade to the Philadelphia Flyers. There he would develop into a scoring forward but suffered a broken ankle during the 1982–83 season. He never regained a regular spot on the Flyers roster, and played his last few seasons in the AHL and Swiss leagues.

Career statistics

References

Other websites 

1959 births
American Hockey League players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Hartford Whalers players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Living people
Philadelphia Flyers players
Edifício Copan  is a skyscraper in São Paulo, Brazil. It is 140 meters (460 feet) tall and has 38 floors. It was built in 1966. The building was designed by Oscar Niemeyer.

Related pages

 Downtown São Paulo
 Mirante do Vale
 Edifício Itália
 Edifício Altino Arantes

São Paulo
Skyscrapers in Brazil
1966 establishments in South America
1960s establishments in Brazil
The UEFA Euro 2012 was the 14th UEFA European Football Championship tournament. Its formal name was 2012 UEFA European Football Championship. It was held in 8 June to 1 July. All the European football teams could compete. In general the contet of match was more higher than FIFA World Cup. The defending champion was Spain. The tournament was hosted in Poland and Ukraine. 16 teams were qualified for the final group stage. The winner of competition qualifies for the FIFA Confederations Cup.

Qualification 

51 teams wanted to join the Euro 2012, so UEFA organized the teams into 9 groups. Qualification began on August 2010 and ended on November 2011. The following teams qualified:

Venues 

There were 8 stadiums in 8 host cities. The host cities were Warsaw, Gdańsk, Wrocław, Poznań, Kyiv, Lviv, Donetsk and Kharkiv. The Euro 2012 allowed new stadiums to be built. Six of the eight stadiums are either completely new, or greatly improved. Below is a table that will show what stadiums are being used, and in which cities.

Results

Group A

Greece were placed above Russia based on their head-to-head record (1-0).

The Czech Republic became the first team to win a European Championship group with a negative goal difference

Group B

Group C

Group D 

Ukraine was placed on top of Sweden, because of their previous match against each other (2 – 1)

Knockout phase

Statistics

Goalscorers 
3 goals

 Mario Mandžukić
 Mario Gómez

 Mario Balotelli
 Cristiano Ronaldo

 Alan Dzagoev
 Fernando Torres

2 goals

 Petr Jiráček
 Václav Pilař
 Nicklas Bendtner
 Michael Krohn-Dehli

 Dimitris Salpingidis
 Xabi Alonso
 Cesc Fàbregas

 David Silva
 Zlatan Ibrahimović
 Andriy Shevchenko

1 goal

 Nikica Jelavić
 Andy Carroll
 Joleon Lescott
 Wayne Rooney
 Theo Walcott
 Danny Welbeck
 Yohan Cabaye
 Jérémy Ménez
 Samir Nasri
 Lars Bender
 Sami Khedira
 Miroslav Klose
 Philipp Lahm

 Mesut Özil
 Lukas Podolski
 Marco Reus
 Theofanis Gekas
 Giorgos Karagounis
 Georgios Samaras
 Sean St Ledger
 Antonio Cassano
 Antonio Di Natale
 Andrea Pirlo
 Rafael van der Vaart
 Robin van Persie

 Jakub Błaszczykowski
 Robert Lewandowski
 Pepe
 Hélder Postiga
 Silvestre Varela
 Roman Pavlyuchenko
 Roman Shirokov
 Jordi Alba
 Juan Mata
 Jesús Navas
 Sebastian Larsson
 Olof Mellberg

1 own goal

 Glen Johnson (playing against Sweden)

Final rankings 

Rankings are based on performance, not team skill. Also, these rankings are unofficial and are not based on head-to-head record.

References 

UEFA Euro 2012
Private property is a concept used in law, which is defined as a certain type of thing which is owned and controlled by an individual or a group separate from the state. Private property differs from public property, where such property belongs to all. That way, a person may own a car, but the park in the city is only administered by the city, and belongs to all people (or to no one at all).  

Different schools of thought have different ideas of how private property should be handled.  

For instance, according to capitalism, private property is needed so that a society can work as it should. That way, trade can only be done using private property. As a secondary example, private property in Marxist theory refers to the means of production, such as mines, factories, burger joints, and so on. These are things communists want to be democratically owned by workers. This is different from personal property, such as a toothbrush.  
Property

nl:Privé-eigendom
The Radiata is a superphylum which includes both the echinoderms and the ctenophores. It is not part of the usual classification system, and is not used by all biologists.

The group includes the radially symmetric animals of the Eumetazoa. The echinoderms, however, are members of the Bilateria, because they exhibit bilateral symmetry in their developing stages. Their radial symmetry is secondary.

Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1983 defined a subkingdom called Radiata consisting of the phyla Porifera, Myxozoa, Placozoa, Cnidaria and Ctenophora in Radiata, that is, all the animals that are not in Bilateria. 

The Five Kingdom classification of Lynn Margulis and K.V. Schwartz keeps only Cnidaria and Ctenophora in Radiata. 

Cladistic classifications do not recognize Radiata as a clade. The radiata, in this sense, are diploblastic, meaning they have two primary germ layers: endoderm and ectoderm. Cavalier-Smith's use of the term Radiata includes animals with a single germ layer such as sponges.

Although radial symmetry is usually given as a defining characteristic of radiates, a few members of the class Anthozoa, which are now considered as the most basal and oldest group of cnidarians, are actually bilaterally symmetric. 

Newer research strongly indicates that bilateral symmetry evolved before the split between Cnidaria and Bilateria: the radially symmetrical cnidarians have evolved radial symmetry secondarily. This means the bilaterism in species like N. vectensis has a primary origin. Also the free-swimming planula larvae of cnidarians exhibit bilateral symmetry. Ctenophores show biradial symmetry.

References

Other websites 
Taxon: Subkingdom Radiata 
Origins of Bilateral Symmetry: Hox and Dpp Expression in a Sea Anemone - retrieved February 2, 2006

Groups of phyla
Taxonomy
Wangari Muta Mary Jo Maathai (1 April 1940 – 25 September 2011) was a Kenyan environmentalist, political activist and the first African woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004.

Related pages
List of Kenyan scientists

References

Other websites

 Maathai Nobel Prize lecture
 Audio: Wangari Maathai in conversation on the BBC World Service discussion programme The Forum
 Nobel Women's Initiative

1940 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from ovarian cancer
Environmentalists
Nobel Peace Prize winners
Orthonectida is a small phylum of poorly-known parasites of marine invertebrates. They are among the simplest of multi-cellular organisms.

Biology 
The adults are microscopic wormlike animals. They have a single layer of outer cells surrounding a mass of sex cells. They swim freely within the bodies of their hosts, which include flatworms, polychaete worms, bivalve molluscs, and echinoderms. They have separate male and female individuals.

Reproduction 
When they are ready to reproduce, the adults are released from the host, and sperm from the males penetrates the bodies of the females to achieve fertilisation. The resulting zygote develops into a ciliated larva that escapes from the mother to seek out new hosts. Once it finds a host, the larva loses its cilia and develops into a syncytial plasmodium larva. This, in turn, breaks up into numerous individual cells that become the next generation of adults.

Taxonomy 
The orthonectids were originally described in 1877 as a class, and placed as an order of the phylum Mesozoa. Recent study shows that orthonectids are quite different from the rhombozoans, the other group in Mesozoa.

References 

Minor phyla
Parasites
The Rhombozoa, or Dicyemida, are a group of tiny parasites that live in the renal appendages of cephalopods.

Classification is controversial. They are probably a new phylum. Traditionally, dicyemids have been grouped with the Orthonectida in the Mesozoa. However, molecular phylogeny indicates that dicyemids may be more closely related to the roundworms.

Anatomy 
Adult dicyemids range in length from , and they can be seen through a light microscope. They have eutely: each adult individual of a given species has the same number of cells. Cell number is a useful identifying character. 

The organism's structure is simple: a single axial cell is surrounded by a jacket of twenty to thirty ciliated cells.

Life cycle
Dicyemids exist in both asexual and sexual forms. The asexual forms are found in juvenile and immature hosts; and the sexual forms in mature hosts. 

The asexual stage is termed a nematogen; it produces vermiform (worm-like) larvae in the axial cell. These mature through direct development to form more nematogens. Nematogens proliferate in young cephalopods, filling the kidneys. Later, as the hosts mature, sexual forms called rhombogens are formed. They are hermaphrodites, with gonads of both sexes. The rhombogens self-fertilise, and later release larvae.

References 

Invertebrates
Parasites
Greatest Hits is a compilation album by American singer Selena. The songs used in the album were all in English. The only two other English songs Selena recorded that did not made it on the album were "Give Me One More Chance" and "Call Me". Both of those songs were on Selena y Los Dinos (1984). The album peaked at number 108 on the Billboard 200 chart in 2003. A special edition of the album was released. It had a DVD of all of Selena's music videos.

Track listing 
"My Love" (A.B. Quintanilla III) - 2:49
"I Could Fall in Love" (Keith Thomas) - 4:42
"Captive Heart" (Mark Goldenberg/Kit Hain) - 4:24
"I'm Getting Used to You" (Diane Warren) - 4:03
"God's Child (Baila Conmigo)" (Duet with David Byrne) - 4:16
"Dreaming of You" (Franne Golde/Tom Snow) - 5:15
"Missing My Baby" (A.B. Quintanilla II) - 4:13
"Wherever You Are" (Donde Quiera Que Estés) (Duet with the Barrio Boyzz) (K. C. Porter/Miguel Flores/Desmond Child) - 4:30
"Only Love" (M. Spiro/Robbie Buchanan) - 4:13
"A Million to One" (Phil Medley) - 3:22
"Where Did the Feeling Go?" (Norman Sallitt) - 3:44
"Is It the Beat?" (A.B. Quintanilla III/Pamela Phillips Oland) - 4:09
"A Boy Like That" (Leonard Bernstein/Stephen Sondheim)- 5:53
"Always Mine" (A.B. Quintanilla III) - 3:37
"Don't Throw Away My Love" (A.B. Quintanilla III) - 3:40
"Disco Medley - 7:36

References

Selena albums
2003 albums
Greatest hits albums
Momentos Intimos () is a compilation album by American singer Selena. It was released on March 23, 2004.

About this album 
An unreleased duet called "Puede Ser" () was included in the album. It was a duet with Nando "Guero" Dominguez. It was recorded two weeks before Selena was murdered. It then became the very last song to be recorded by her. "No Llores Mas Corazon" () and "Como Te Quiero Yo A Ti" () were digitally remastered. Both of those songs were turned into ballad songs. The album had bonus tracks that her family tells fans how it was like when Selena recorded those songs. The album peaked at number seven on the US Regional Mexican Albums Charts. The album also peaked at number eleven on the Top Latin Albums chart on Billboard in 2004.

Track listings 
Amor Prohibido
Missing My Baby
Fotos y Recuerdos
Dreaming of You
Buenos Amigos
I'm Getting Used to You
Donde Quiera Que Estes
Only Love
Tú Sólo Tú
I Could Fall in Love
Si Una Vez
Where Did the Feeling Go?
No Me Queda Mas
Como Te Quiero Yo A Ti
No Llores Mas Corazon
Puede Ser
Spoken Liner Notes - (Bonus track)
Spoken Liner Notes By The Band and Family

References 

Selena albums
2004 albums
Compilation albums
Oxygen is a US TV channel, currently available in 65 million homes. It was launched in 2000 and carries programming aimed at women.

Shows

Current airing

Live-action
The Bad Girls Club
Tori & Dean: Inn Love
Jersey Couture
Dance Your Ass Off
Snapped
Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too
Running Russell Simmons 
Hair Battle Spectacular 
Minute To Win It
America's Got Talent
All About Aubrey 
The World According to ParissTORIbook WeddingsThe Glee ProjectAnimatedAdventure TimeBojCamp LakebottomThe Fairly OddParentsLittlest Pet ShopSpongeBob SquarePantsSteven UniverseUncle GrandpaWander Over Yonder Other shows 
 Live-action A Different WorldAmerica's Next Top ModelBuffy the Vampire SlayerEllenGrace Under Fire (2001-2006)Living SingleMad About YouRoseanne (2005-present)Xena: Warrior PrincessThe Tyra Banks ShowWhitney (2011)

 Animated The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy GeniusAlmost Naked AnimalsAmerican Dragon: Jake LongBoysterEliot KidEl Tigre: The Adventures of Manny RiveraFamous 5: On The CaseGet AceGrojbandI.N.K. Invisible Network of KidsJankenmanKim PossibleMy Life as a Teenage RobotPackages from Planet XPhineas and FerbRegular ShowSally Bollywood: Super DetectiveThe Day My Butt Went Psycho!Zombie HotelUpcoming
Live-actionWho Wears it BestTBA Mischa Barton Reality Series  
AnimatedStar vs. the Forces of EvilPenn Zero: Part Time HeroGet Blake!Zip Zip Past shows 
 Live-action Bad Girls Road TripBlissCampus LadiesBreaking Up with Shannen DohertyFight GirlsHouse of Glam Janice Dickinson Modeling AgencyMo'Nique's Fat ChanceO2BeOprah After the ShowSuburban ShootoutTeaseDeion & Pilar: Prime Time LoveAddicted to BeautyNaughty kitchenCapturedInhale Yoga with Steve Ross Animated 6teenAtomic BettyAll Grown Up!BracefaceThe Buzz on MaggieCaillouCaptain FlamingoChalkZoneChaoticCode LyokoCodename: Kids Next DoorDude, That's My Ghost!Edgar and EllenFoster's Home for Imaginary FriendsThe Grim Adventures of Billy & MandyGrossologyGrowing Up CreepieHappy Tree FriendsHey ArnoldIggy ArbuckleInvader ZimJackie Chan AdventuresKappa MikeyJustice League UnlimitedThe Marvelous Misadventures of FlapjackMucha Lucha!Napoleon DynamiteNed's NewtOne PiecePepper AnnThe Powerpuff GirlsThe Problem SolverzRated A for AwesomeThe ReplacementsRocket PowerSidekickSupernormalTime SquadTime Warp TrioTimothy Goes to SchoolTutensteinUlysses 31Viewtiful JoeWaysideThe X'sXiaolin ShowdownYin Yang Yo!Zevo-3''

References

Other websites 

American television networks
Ireland's Call is the anthem for the Ireland national rugby union team. The anthem replaced "Amhrán na bhFiann" because the players had came from both Ireland and Northern Ireland.

Lyrics 
In most games today, the first part has been sung, then the chorus two times.

Part 1

Come the day and come the hour

Come the power and the glory

We have come to answer our country's call

From the four proud provinces of Ireland

Chorus

Ireland, Ireland

Together standing tall

Shoulder to shoulder

We'll answer Ireland's call

Part 2

From the mighty glens of Antrim

From the rugged hills of Galway

From the walls of Limerick and Dublin Bay

From the four proud provinces of Ireland

Part 3

Hearts of steel and heads unbowing

Vowing never to be broken

We will fight until we can fight no more

For the four proud provinces of Ireland

Part 4

Erin's warriors, clad in emerald

Steadfast souls confront their challenge

'Neath the glass sky they assemble

For the four proud provinces of Ireland

Sport in Ireland
Songs
The ancient Chinese musical system depends on very ancient mathematics used to determine sound frequencies. The easiest way to explain it is to work through a real example.

Suppose that somebody wanted to make a musical instrument that could play any song in the ancient Chinese system. Here are the instructions:

Make a wooden box 105 cm long and 60 cm wide. Put guides for the strings near each end of the box, and fix it so that these two guides are 99 cm apart. 
Multiply 99 cm by 2/3, which is 66 cm. Place a fret all the way across the box on the 66 cm line.
Multiply 66 cm by 4/3, which is 88 cm. Place a fret along the 88 cm line. 
Multiply 88 cm by 2/3, which is 58.66...6 cm. Place a fret along this line. 
Multiply 58.66...6 cm by 4/3, which is 78.22...2 cm. Place a fret along this line. 
Multiply 78.22...2 cm by 2/3, which is 54.148148...148 cm. Place a fret along this line.
Multiply 54.148148...148 cm by 4/3, which is 69.531 cm. Place a fret along this line.
Multiply 69.531 cm by 2/3, which is 46.354 -- and which is too short, so double it to get 92.708 cm. Place a fret along this line.
Multiply 92.708 cm by 4/3...
Multiply the previous answer by 2/3...
Keep going until you have put down eleven frets.

Counting the frequency on the open string and the frequencies on the fretted strings, for each string there will be 12 defined frequencies.

Tune the bottom string to some basic frequency. Tune the next string to the frequency of the bottom string at the first fret. Tune the third string to the bottom string's second fret. Keep going until you have tuned all twelve strings. 

When you pluck these strings at all the fretted and unfretted positions, you will get 144 frequencies. Some of them will be duplicates, but not as many as you might think because this system is not like the Equal tempered system now used for almost all Western music.

Out of each twelve frequencies on a single string, you can make many selections of either five frequencies (for the pentatonic scales) or seven frequencies (for the heptatonic scales).

Here is a chart showing how frequencies and scales can be produced. The frequency of 440 hertz could have been any other frequency. Once this frequency is chosen, it is multiplied by the ratios to produce the first column of frequencies. Each of these 12 frequencies is used to start its own column. (See the dotted red line for one example.) Any five frequencies in a column can be chosen to make a pentatonic scale, as long as they are not right together and are not more than two apart. 

In the United States, students are taught the scale whose notes are named: "do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, and ti." Those seven (known to many from the "Doe, a deer, a female deer" song) produce a major scale. In Western music we also use a minor scale fairly frequently. But we only have those two. Chinese traditional music uses five different scales of five notes each. It also has pentatonic scales, but they are not discussed in this article.

References 

Music
China
The Enemy is a young adult horror novel. It was written by English author Charlie Higson. The novel takes place in London. It is about the life of children after a worldwide sickness has turned adults into zombies. It was published by Puffin Books in the UK on 3 September 2009.

Other websites
Official website

2009 books
Young adult novels
Horror novels
Beelzebufo was a large frog discovered in the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar. The media called it 'Devil Toad', and 'The Frog From Hell'. The frog lived  some 70 million years ago.

With a body length of about 16 inches (40.5 cm) the frog was larger than any living frog. Its weight in life was about 9-10 lbs (4.5 kg).

Relationships 
The bones of the skull roof shows a rugous (wrinkled) external surface, indicating that at least parts of the head may have borne bony scutes.

The Beelzebufo was a member of the horned toad sub-family, the Ceratophryinae. Living members of the family are found only in South America, but were once more widely distributed in Gondwana. Both South America and Madagascar were part of the supercontinent Gondwana before it broke up in the Cretaceous.

Habits 
Beelzebufo was an ambush predator whose wide mouth let it eat relatively large prey, perhaps even juvenile dinosaurs. It probably lived in warm, seasonally dry habitats with occasional pools of water. Its modern relatives live in similar habitats, and can burrow.

References 

Frogs
Fossils
The Upper and Lower Fezouata formations of Morocco are Burgess Shale type deposits dating to the Lower Ordovician. In the fossilized fauna were numerous organisms previously thought to have died out after the mid-Cambrian. The discovery proves conclusively that the Burgess Shale biota did not go extinct in the Cambrian.

Biota 
Over 1500 non-mineralized Burgess Shale types, representing 50 taxa, have been recovered from the formations. There are also a less abundant shelly fauna.  The make-up of the community varies significantly through the stratigraphic sequence, with both abundances and faunal composition changing as time progresses. Small (1–3 mm wide) burrows are present in the sediment, but major burrowing is absent; this may suggest a paucity of oxygen in the water or sediment.  

Particularly notable is the presence of bryozoa and graptolites, forms that are absent in the Cambrian period. Various echinoderms indicate a normal range of salinity, and the overall shelly assemblage is not significantly different from the normal shelly fauna expected in open Ordovician waters.  

The non-mineralized (soft-bodied)  fossils contains a range of forms familiar from the Burgess Shale. Other Ordovician oddballs are also present, including cheloniellids and horseshoe crabs in abundance.

Geology

Depositional setting 
The fossiliferous strata were deposited in quiet, deep waters, below the influence of wave action in all but the fiercest of storms.  Such storms, or similar high-energy events, would have mobilized sediment that could be quickly deposited, trapping animals and leading to their preservation.  Consequently, the assemblage is dominated by benthic organisms.

Preservation 
Fossils of the Fezouata formation, which are usually squashed flat (although some do retain some degree of their original three-dimensionality) are often coated with a dusting of pyrite, and tin; this aspect of the fossil preservation is very similar to that at Chengjiang.  Non-mineralized appendages are often preserved.

Location 
The fossils a span an area of 500 km2, in southeast Morocco's Draa Valley, north of Zagora.  Fossils are found are found through a 1.1 km-thick column of rock that spans the two lowest epochs of the Ordovician.

History 
The lagerstätten were first identified in the late 1990s when a local fossil collector, Ben Moula, showed some of the finds to a PhD student who was then working in the area.

References

Lagerstätten
Morocco