cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Maureen Morfydd Colquhoun ( ; (12 August 1928 – 2 February 2021) was a British economist and Labour Party politician. She was born in London. She was a Member of parliament from 1974 to 1979. Colquhoun was Britain's first openly lesbian MP.

Colquhoun died on 2 February 2021, aged 92.

References

1928 births
2021 deaths
Lesbians
British economists
British LGBT people
LGBT politicians
Former Labour Party (UK) MPs
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1974
Politicians from London
Writers from London
Lieutenant General Joshua Mahamadu Hamidu (1936 – 2 February 2021) was a Ghanaian soldier, politician and diplomat. He was the Chief of Defence Staff from 1978 to 1979. He was the Ghanaian High Commissioner to Zambia in 1978 for a short time. He was also High Commissioner to Zambia from 2003 to 2005. 

Hamidu died on 2 February 2021 at an Accra hospital.

References

1936 births
2021 deaths
Ghanaian people
African politicians
Diplomats
African military people
The black-striped frog, black-spotted frog, black-sided wood frog, Sapgreen Stream frog, Mengla frog, dark-sided frog or Hekou frog (Sylvirana nigrovittata) is a frog from India, Nepal, Bangladesh, China,Vietnam, Laos and Thailand. It can live as high as 1100 meters above sea level.

References

Animals of Asia
Frogs
The Bells of St. Mary's is a 1945 American drama movie directed by Leo McCarey and is the sequel to the 1944 movie Going My Way. It stars Bing Crosby, Ingrid Bergman, Henry Travers, William Gargan, Ruth Donnelly, Joan Carroll, Martha Sleeper, Una O'Connor and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. It was nominated for 8 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1946.

Other websites
 
 
 

1945 movies
1940s drama movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Leo McCarey
Belle of the Yukon is a 1944 American musical western comedy movie directed by William A. Seiter and starring Randolph Scott, Gypsy Rose Lee, Dinah Shore, Bob Burns, Charles Winniger, Robert Armstrong, Florence Bates, Victor Kilian. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1946.

Other websites
 
 
 

1944 movies
1940s western movies
1940s musical movies
1940s comedy movies
American western movies
American musical comedy movies
Movies directed by William A. Seiter
North Sea Germanic, also known as Ingvaeonic , is a group of West Germanic languages that were first spoken in what is now northern Germany, the Netherlands, and Denmark. They were also spread to the British Isles in the Migration Period. The languages were Old Frisian, Old English and Old Saxon. They have become other languages since then and spread worldwide, especially the modern English language.

Sources
 Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009). An Introduction to Old Frisian. Amsterdam: John Benjamins B.V. .  
 Euler, Wolfram (2013). Das Westgermanische - von der Herausbildung im 3. bis zur Aufgliederung im 7. Jahrhundert - Analyse und Rekonstruktion (West Germanic: from its Emergence in the 3rd up until its Dissolution in the 7th Century CE: Analyses and Reconstruction). 244 p., in German with English summary, London/Berlin 2013, .
  Maurer, Friedrich (1942) Nordgermanen und Alemannen:  Studien zur germanischen und frühdeutschen Sprachgeschichte, Stammes- und Volkskunde, Strasbourg:  Hüneburg.  
 Ringe, Donald R. and Taylor, Ann (2014). The Development of Old English - A Linguistic History of English, vol. II, 632p. . Oxford.
  Sonderegger, Stefan (1979). Grundzüge deutscher Sprachgeschichte. Diachronie des Sprachsystems. Band I: Einführung – Genealogie – Konstanten. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter. .
 Voyles, Joseph B. (1992). Early Germanic Grammar: Pre-, Proto-, and Post-Germanic. San Diego: Academic Press. .

West Germanic languages
Brewster's Millions is a 1945 American comedy movie directed by Allan Dwan and is the fifth adaption of the 1902 novel of the same name by George Barr McCutcheon and the 1906 play of the same name. It stars Dennis O'Keefe, Helen Walker, June Havoc, Gail Patrick, Mischa Auer, Nana Bryant, John Litel, Joe Sawyer and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

Other websites
 
 
 

1945 movies
1940s comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movies based on books
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Allan Dwan
South Carolina's 7th congressional district is a congressional district in the state of South Carolina. The district was created in 1803 but was removed in 1933. The district was then created again in 2013. The district includes the counties of Chesterfield, Dillon, Georgetown, Horry, Marlboro, Darlington, and Marion and parts of Florence county. The current representative for the district is Republican Tom Rice.

Election history

References

South Carolina
South Carolina
Flame of Barbary Coast is a 1945 American western movie directed by Joseph Kane and starring John Wayne, Ann Dvorak, Joseph Schildkraut, William Frawley, Virginia Grey, Russell Hicks, Jack Norton, Paul Fix. It was distributed by Republic Pictures and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1946.

Other websites
 
 
 

1945 movies
1940s western movies
American western movies
The Story of G.I. Joe is a 1945 American war movie directed by William A. Wellman and starring Burgess Meredith, Robert Mitchum, Freddie Steele, Wally Cassell. It was distributed by United Artists and was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1946.

Other websites

 
 

1945 movies
1940s war movies
American biographical movies
American war movies
World War II movies
Movies directed by William A. Wellman
The Southerner is a 1945 American drama movie directed by Jean Renoir and was based on the 1941 novel Hold Autumn in Your Hand by George Sessions Perry. It stars Zachary Scott, Betty Field, J. Carrol Naish, Beulah Bondi, Percy Kilbride, Charles Kemper, Blanche Yurka, Norman Lloyd, Estelle Taylor and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for 3 Academy Awards in 1946.

Other websites
 
 
 

1945 movies
1940s drama movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Jean Renoir
Andrew R. Jassy (born January 13, 1968) is an American businessman. Jassy is the CEO of Amazon. He was the CEO of Amazon Web Services (AWS). He is also one of the minority owners of the Seattle Kraken of the National Hockey League.

Jassy replaced Jeff Bezos as CEO of Amazon on July 5, 2021.

References

1968 births
Living people
Amazon (company)
Businesspeople from Seattle, Washington
American chief executives
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is part of Amazon that gives on-demand cloud computing platforms to people, companies, and governments.

References

Amazon (company)
No. 2 is a 2006 New Zealand comedy drama movie directed by Toa Fraser and was based on the 2000 play of the same name. It stars Ruby Dee, Taungaroa Emile, Tuva Novotny, Rene Naufahu, Nathaniel Lees, Antony Starr, Pio Terei, Xavier Horan and was distributed by Miramax Films.

Other websites
 

2006 comedy movies
2006 drama movies
New Zealand movies
Movies based on plays
A Song to Remember is a 1945 American biographical movie directed by Charles Vidor and starring Cornel Wilde, Paul Muni, Merle Oberon, Nina Foch, George Coulouris, Howard Freeman, Stephen Bekassy. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures and was nominated for six Academy Awards in 1946.

Other websites
 
 
 

1945 movies
American biographical movies
Movies directed by Charles Vidor
Love Letters is a 1945 American romantic drama movie directed by William Dieterle and was based on the novel Pity My Simplicity by Christopher Massie. It stars Jennifer Jones, Joseph Cotten, Ann Richards, Cecil Kellaway, Gladys Cooper, Anita Louise, Reginald Denny and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for four Academy Awards in 1946.

Other websites
 
 
 

1945 movies
1940s romance movies
1940s drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by William Dieterle
The Man Who Walked Alone is a 1945 American romantic comedy movie directed by Christy Cabanne and starring Dave O'Brien, Kay Aldridge, Walter Catlett, Guinn "Big Boy" Williams, Isabel Randolph, Smith Ballew. It was distributed by PRC Pictures, Inc. and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

Other websites

1945 movies
1940s romance movies
1940s comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies directed by Christy Cabanne
This Love of Ours is a 1945 American romantic drama movie directed by William Dieterle and was based on a play by Luigi Pirandello. It stars Merle Oberon, Claude Rains, Charles Korvin, Carl Esmond, Sue England, Jess Barker, Helene Thimig, Ralph Morgan, Harry Davenport, Howard Freeman and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946. It was distributed by Universal Pictures and was remade as Never Say Goodbye in 1956.

Other websites

1945 movies
1940s romance movies
1940s drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by William Dieterle
Sylvirana montosa is a frog from Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.

Scientists think this frog is related to Sylvirana montenseni.

References

Animals of Asia
Frogs
The British forced China to sign the Treaty of Nanking after China lost the First Opium War in 1842. The treaty stated that China had to give Britain Hong Kong, 2 billion dollars cash, and open 5 port cities. This led China to give up sovereignty to Europe.

References

History of China
Treaties involving China
1840s treaties
Wopke Bastiaan Hoekstra (born 30 September 1975) is a Dutch politician and former consultant. He is party leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).

Hoekstra studied law at Leiden University and obtained an MBA at INSEAD in Fontainebleau and Singapore. He worked at Shell and McKinsey & Company.

From 2011 to 2017 he was a member of the Senate. From 2017 to 2022 he was finance minister in the Third Rutte cabinet, as successor of Jeroen Dijsselbloem. He has been foreign minister and also second deputy prime minister in the Fourth Rutte cabinet since January 2022.

As successor of Hugo de Jonge, Hoekstra has been leading the CDA party since December 2020, and was therefore heading the CDA list for the general elections of 2021.

Wopke Hoekstra was born in Bennekom and is a Remonstrant. With his wife he has four children; they live in Bussum.

References 
 Bio at Parlement.com

Other websites 
 Bio at Government.nl

1975 births
Living people
Christian Democratic Appeal politicians
Deputy Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch businesspeople
Dutch jurists
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Members of the Senate of the Netherlands
Politicians from Gelderland
Remonstrants
Dil Chahta Hai (transl. The Heart Desires) is a 2001 Indian Hindi-language coming-of-age musical romantic comedy-drama movie, directed, produced, and written by Farhan Akhtar. It was also produced by Ritesh Sidhwani. The movie stars Aamir Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Akshaye Khanna, Preity Zinta, Sonali Kulkarni and Dimple Kapadia. The movie is set in present-day metropolitan Mumbai and Sydney, and spotlights on a significant time of progress in the romantic lives of three college-alumni friends. The music was composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy.

The movie released on August 10, 2001 to positive reviews and was a success at the box office. In 2001, the movie won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi. Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy won the Best Music Director award.

Cast 

 Aamir Khan as Akash Malhotra

 Saif Ali Khan as Sameer Mulchandani

 Akshaye Khanna as Siddharth "Sid" Sinha

 Preity Zinta as Shalini

 Sonali Kulkarni as Pooja

 Dimple Kapadia as Tara Jaiswal

 Ayub Khan as Rohit

 Rajat Kapoor as Mahesh

 Suchitra Pillai as Priya

 Samantha Treymane as Deepa

 Asad Dadarkar as Subodh

 Suhasini Mulay as Sid's Mother
 Ahmed Khan as A K Malhotra, Aakash's Father
 Kannu Gill as Aakash's Mother
 Rakesh Pandey as Rohit's Father
 Smita Oak as Rohit's Mother
 Anjula Bedi as Sameer's Mother
 Yusuf Hussain as Naresh, Pooja's Father
 Shail Mehta as Pooja's Mother
 Kiran Rao as Deepa's Friend
 Raj Zutshi as Ajay's voice (Tara'a ex-husband)
 Mandala Tayde as Sid's Partner (She appears towards the end of movie where Sid looks at her in fort)
 Simran Makhija as Eesha, Tara's daughter
 Beatrice Gibson as Kristine

Soundtrack

References
Surströmming is a Swedish dish that is made by fermenting herring. It has been made at least since the 16th century. The herring is caught in spring, and just enough salt will be added so it does not spoil. The herring will ferment for at least six months. As a result, the dish has a strong smell, and an acidic taste. Since the 1940s, it is forbidden to sell Surströmming of the same year before the third thursday in August. While the decree is no longer valid, the producers still keep that date as begin of the sales of this year's batch. Very often, Baltic herring is used instead of Atlantic herring. Baltic herring is much smaller.

References 

Swedish culture
Seafood dishes
"Girls in the Hood" is a hip hop song under American rapper Megan Thee Stallion. The song is off her studio album Good News (2020). Writing credits were given to Ice Cube, Eazy-E and Dr. Dre. 

The song heavily samples Eazy-E's 1987 song "Boyz-n-the-Hood". There is also a "modern" spin on the song.

The song is about misogyny (mistreatment of women by some men).

"Girls in the Hood" went to number 28 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.

References

Hip hop songs
2020 songs
Paris Underground, also known as Madame Pimpernel, is a 1945 American World War II drama movie directed by Gregory Ratoff and was based on the memoir of the same name by Etta Shiber. It stars Constance Bennett, Gracie Fields, Kurt Kreuger, Leslie Vincent, Eily Malyon, Gregory Gaye, George Rigaud, Vladimir Sokoloff, Richard Ryen and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

Other websites
 
 

1945 movies
1940s war movies
1940s drama movies
American war movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Gregory Ratoff
A French hood is a type of hat or headdress.  Women in Europe wore it in the 1500s.  It had a stiff, crescent-shaped frame that fit over the head like a headband.  The front and back sides of the frame had pearls, beads or other decoration on them.  The headband was attached to pieces of cloth called lappets that either covered the back of the head and most of the wearer's hair or were flipped forward onto the head.

Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII, was one of the first people in the English court to wear French hoods.

In popular culture

In her novel The Other Boleyn Girl, Philippa Gregory has Anne Boleyn and her friends wearing French hoods and Jane Seymour and her friends wearing gabled hoods.

References
  	

Fashion
Headgear
1500s in Europe
Kubo and the Two Strings is a 2016 American animated fantasy movie set in Japan. It stars Charlize Theron, Art Parkinson, Ralph Fiennes, George Takei, Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, Brenda Vaccaro, Rooney Mara, and Matthew McConaughey. It was released on August 13, 2016. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Film.

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 

2016 animated movies
2010s fantasy movies
American animated movies
American fantasy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Japan
The Woman in the Window is a 1944 American crime thriller movie directed by Fritz Lang and was based on the novel Once Off Guard by J. H. Wallis. It stars Edward G. Robinson, Joan Bennett, Raymond Massey, Edmund Breon, Arthur Loft and was distributed by RKO Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

Other websites
 
 
 

1944 movies
1940s crime movies
1940s thriller movies
American crime thriller movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Fritz Lang
Rhapsody in Blue is a 1945 American biographical movie directed by Irving Rapper and starring Robert Alda, Will Wright, Joan Leslie, Hazel Scott, Alexis Smith, Charles Coburn, Oscar Levant, Julie Bishop, Albert Bassermann, Al Jolson. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1946.

Other websites
 
 
 

1945 movies
American biographical movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Irving Rapper
Waterloo is a London Underground station located below Waterloo National Rail station. It was opened on 8 August 1898 and is one of the busiest stations in London.

References 

Bakerloo line stations
Northern line stations
Jubilee line stations
London Borough of Lambeth
1898 establishments in England
Tonight and Every Night is a 1945 American musical movie directed by Victor Saville and was based on the 1942 play Heart of the City by Lesley Storm. It stars Rita Haywood, Lee Bowman, Janet Blair, Leslie Brooks, Dusty Anderson, Jim Bannon, Florence Bates and was distributed by Columbia Pictures and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1946.

Other websites
 
 
 

1945 movies
1940s musical movies
American musical movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Victor Saville
Subonnet Sue is a 1945 American musical comedy movie directed by Ralph Murphy and starring Gale Storm, Phil Regan, George Cleveland, Minna Gombell, Edna Holland, Raymond Hatton, Alan Mowbray. It was distributed by Monogram Pictures and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

Other websites
 
 
 

1945 movies
1940s musical movies
1940s comedy movies
American musical comedy movies
Samudragupta (Gupta script:  Sa-mu-dra-gu-pta, r. c. (350-375 CE) was a ruler of the Gupta Empire of Ancient India. He was a son of the Gupta emperor Chandragupta I and the Licchavi princess Kumaradevi. He greatly expanded his dynasty's political power.

The Allahabad Pillar inscription, a prashasti (eulogy) was written by his courtier Harishena. It told of his many military conquests. It suggests that he defeated several kings of northern India. Also, that he added their territories to his empire. He also marched along the south-eastern coast of India. He advanced to move as far as the Pallava kingdom. In addition, he subjugated several frontier kingdoms and tribal oligarchies.

Samudragupta performed the Ashvamedha sacrifice to prove his imperial sovereignty. According to his coins, he remained undefeated. His gold coins and inscriptions suggest that he was an accomplished poet. He also played music. His expansionist policy was continued by his son Chandragupta II.

Extent of the empire 

Samudragupta's empire included a core territory in northern India. It was directly controlled by the emperor. Besides, it included some monarchical and tribal tributary states. Historian R. C. Majumdar theorizes that Samudragupta directly controlled an area extending from the Ravi River (Punjab) in the west to the Brahmaputra River (Bengal and Assam) in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to the Vindhya hills in the south. The south-western boundary of his territory roughly followed a line drawn from present-day Karnal to Bhilsa.

In the south, Samudragupta's empire definitely included Eran in present-day Madhya Pradesh. On there, his inscription has been found. The Allahabad Pillar inscription suggests that he reached early up to Kanchipuram in the south. However, since the claims in the Allahabad Pillar inscription are from a royal eulogy, they must be treated with danger.

Personality 

Samudragupta's coins show him as a tall, strong man. The Allahabad Pillar inscription presents him as a compassionate ruler. It was stated that his "mind was engaged in providing relief to the low, the poor, the helpless, and the afflicted". It also stated that he reinstated many royal families which had lost their kingdoms, including the kings defeated by him. At the same time, it states that he maintained strict administration ("Prachanda shasana").

The inscription states that Samudragupta became famous among the learned people because of his poetical works. He earned the epithet "king of poets". This suggests that he composed some poetical works. But none of these works now survive.

The inscription also says that Samudragupta embarrassed the celestial musician Tumburu and Narada by his lovely performances of music.  Samudragupta's musical talents are also corroborated by his gold coins which depict him playing a veena. 

The inscription praises Samudragupta's wisdom and intellect. It was stated that he was smarter than the preceptor of the Lord of the Gods (that is, Brihaspati).

References

Bibliography

Other websites
 Catalogue of Coins of Samudragupta

Indian monarchs
330s births
370s deaths
Wonder Man is a 1945 American musical movie directed by H. Bruce Humberstone and was based on the short story by Arthur Sheekman. It stars Danny Kaye, Donald Woods, Virginia Mayo, Vera-Ellen, Allen Jenkins, Edward Brophy, Steve Cochran, Otto Kruger and won an Academy Award in 1946 and was nominated for 2 others. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.

Other websites

 

1945 movies
1940s musical movies
American musical movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by H. Bruce Humberstone
Why Girls Leave Home is a 1945 American drama movie directed by William Berke and starring Lola Lane, Sheldon Leonard, Pamela Blake, Elisha Cook Jr., Paul Guilfoyle, Constance Worth, Claudia Drake, Virginia Brissac, Fred Kohler. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1946.

Other websites

1945 movies
1940s drama movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by William Berke
is a Japanese virtual YouTuber. She has around 5 million followers on YouTube and Bilibili. Kizuna AI posted her first YouTube video on her “A.I. Channel” on 29 November 2016. She opened a second channel, “A.I.Games” on 29 November 2016. She opened a third channel, “A.I.Channel China” on June 2019 for people in China.

Kizuna says that she is the world's first virtual Youtuber. However the first channel to use a character made with computer graphics on YouTube was Ami Yamato. Kizuna’s videos are similar to many other YouTubers. She does discussions, Q&A videos, and “Let’s Play” videos. Kizuna only speaks Japanese, so fans write translations for her videos. Kizuna has performed at  anime gatherings, and has also worked with  game companies.

Kizuna AI was made by a company called Activ8 in 2016. She is part of a project called Project A.I. In 2018, the project was moved to a in-house agency called upd8. In 24 April 2020, the project was moved to a new company called Kizuna AI Inc. At the same time, Nozomi Kasuga, a Japanese voice actress, announced that she was the voice of Kizuna AI. Kasuga is also the advisor of the new company. Kizuna AI Inc. started business on 11 May 2020. The CEO is Eriko Matsumoto.

Production 
Kizuna is an online virtual character made with software. The people behind Kizuna, such as video animators, producers, video editors, and players of games are unknown. Kizuna’s videos are made by Activ8 in Tokyo.

Personality 
Kizuna knows that she is a virtual character and says that she is a self-thinking artificial intelligence.

Kizuna introduces herself in her first video. Her name, “AI” is related to the kanji “愛” meaning love. Her surname “Kizuna” means to connect. Kizuna is designed as a young animated girl.

References 

Fictional robots
YouTubers
Can't Help Singing is a 1944 American western musical movie directed by Frank Ryan and was based on the story by John D. Klorer and Leo Townsend. It stars Deanna Durbin, Robert Paige, Akim Tamiroff, Leonid Kinskey, June Vincent, Andrew Tombes, Thomas Gomez and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1946. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.

Other websites
 
 

1944 movies
1940s musical movies
1940s western movies
American musical movies
American western movies
The Grand Union Canal was a canal in England from Foxton, Leicestershire on the Leicestershire and Northamptonshire Union Canal to Norton Junction, close to Long Buckby Wharf on the Grand Junction Canal. 

It now forms the first  of the Leicester Section, a branch of the much bigger modern Grand Union Canal.

The creation of the canal system in central England was hugely important to the industrial revolution. It allowed the raw materials and the products to be moved cheaply. Many factories back onto rivers or canals all over industrial England. Moving heavy loads  and coal is heavy!  is cheapest and best done on water.

References 

Canals
Buildings and structures in England
Transport in England
The Grand Union Canal in England is part of the British canal system. Its main line starts in London and ends in Birmingham. It is  with 166 locks. It has arms to places including Leicester, Slough, Aylesbury, Wendover and Northampton.

The Grand Union Canal was also the original name for what now generally referred to as the Old Grand Union Canal to avoid ambiguity.

References 

Canals
Geography of England
Transport in England
Northamptonshire
Warwickshire
Berkshire
Leicestershire
Buckinghamshire
Hertfordshire
Sylvirana lacrima is a frog from Myanmar.

Scientists think this might be related to Sylvirana nigrovittata.

References

Animals of Asia
Frogs
The Acasta Gneiss is the oldest rock in the world. It is in the Slave craton in Northwest Territories, Canada. 

The rock body is exposed on an island about 300 kilometres north of Yellowknife. The rock of the outcrop was metamorphosed 3.58 to 4.031 billion (109) years ago. It is the oldest known intact crustal fragment on Earth.

The nearby Acasta River east of Great Bear Lake gave the rock its name. It is the oldest known exposed rock in the world.

The rock, before it was metamorphized, was a granitoid that formed 4.03 billion years ago. This age is based on radiometric dating of zircon crystals at 4.031x109 years. The Acasta Gneiss is important in establishing the early history of the continental crust.

References 

Igneous rocks
Hadean
Geography of Canada
The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) was an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that consisted of Eastern Bloc countries along with other socialist states all over the world.

Comecon was set up to stop countries in the Soviet sphere of influence from moving towards that of the capitalist United States and the West. Comecon was how the Eastern Bloc responded to the Marshall Plan of the United States.

References

1949 establishments
1991 disestablishments
20th century in Vietnam
Cold War
Economic history
Economics organizations
History of Europe
History of the Soviet Union
Politics of the Soviet Union
Socialism
The origin of water on Earth is only partly known. Life as we know it depends on water, and most types of life started in the seas. Earth is the only planet known with liquid water on its surface. The water on Earth may have come from the Solar System as it formed, or it may have formed on Earth. Both are possible.

Our planet is in the habitable zone, not so far out that all water freezes, and not so close to the Sun that all water evaporates into space. This is why liquid water, necessary for life as we know it, continues to exist on the surface of Earth.

It was long thought that Earth’s water did not come from the planet’s region of the protoplanetary disk. Instead, it was thought water must have been delivered to Earth from the outer Solar System later in its history. However, recent research suggests that hydrogen inside the Earth played a role in the formation of the ocean. The two ideas are not mutually exclusive: there is evidence water was delivered to Earth by impacts from icy planetesimals similar in composition to asteroids in the outer edges of the asteroid belt.

One problem, not yet resolved, is that the noble gas isotope ratios of Earth's atmosphere are different from those of its mantle. This suggests they were formed from different sources.

References 

Water
Earth
Untriseptium (), also called eka-dubnium or element 137, is a possible chemical element which has not been synthesized. Due to instabilities, it is not known if this element is possible, as the instabilities may hint that the periodic table ends soon after the island of stability at unbihexium. Its atomic number is 137 and symbol is Uts.

The name untriseptium is a temporary name.

Importance 
It is sometimes called feynmanium (symbol Fy) because Richard Feynman noted that a simplistic interpretation of the relativistic Dirac equation runs into problems with electron orbitals at Z > 1/α = 137, suggesting that neutral atoms cannot exist beyond untriseptium, and that a periodic table of elements based on electron orbitals breaks down at this point. However, a more thorough analysis calculates the limit to be around element 173.

Related pages 

 Dubnium
 Atomic orbital

References 

Chemical elements
Héctor Epalza Quintero (4 June 1940 – 2 February 2021) was a Colombian Roman Catholic bishop. Epalza Quintero was born in Bogota, Colombia. He became a priest in 1965. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Buenaventura, Colombia from 2004 until 2017.

Epalza Quintero died on 2 February 2021 in Buenaventura, Columbia at the age of 80.

References

1940 births
2021 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops
Roman Catholic priests
People from Bogotá
Frank Torvald Baude (6 July 1936 – 4 February 2021) was a Swedish politician and bricklayer. He was chairman of the Communist Party Marxist-Leninists (the revolutionaries) from 1970 to 1998. He was born in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Baude died in Gothenburg from a heart attack on 4 February 2021, aged 84.

References

1936 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Swedish politicians
People from Gothenburg
Communist politicians
Political activists
Lokman Mohsen Slim (; 1962 – 4 February 2021) was a Lebanese publisher and independent social and political activist. He was a commentator on Lebanese and Middle East politics. He was a well known critic of the Hezbollah. 

Slim was found shot dead in a car in southern Lebanon on 4 February 2021, aged 58.

References

1962 births
2021 deaths
Lebanese people
Critics
Political activists
Political commentators
Murders by firearm
Assassinated people
"You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me" — also known simply as "Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me" — is a song written by Jim Weatherly, and produced by Don Law. It was first recorded in 1973 by Ray Price from his album You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me. 

Many singers recorded their own versions of the song such as: Gladys Knight, Dean Martin, Steve Lawrence and Andy Williams.

Charts

References

1973 songs
Kristiaan “Kris” De Bruyne (20 March 1950 – 3 February 2021) was a Belgian singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was born in Antwerp, Belgium. His best known songs are Amsterdam, Vilvoorde City, Lydia d'Ile Dieu, Het Varken van de Hoge Venen, Waar ik voor leef, Lieve Jacoba, Ballerina's, De peulschil and De onverbiddelijke zoener.

De Bruyne died on 3 February 2021 in Antwerp, aged 70.

References

Other websites
 Official website

1950 births
2021 deaths
Belgian musicians
Belgian singer-songwriters
Guitarists
Writers from Antwerp
Albán Vermes (19 June 1957 – 3 February 2021) was a Hungarian swimmer. He participated at the 1980 Summer Olympics, winning a silver medal in 200 metre breaststroke. He was born in Eger, Hungary.

Vermes died on 3 February 2021, aged 63.

References

1957 births
2021 deaths
Hungarian sportspeople
Hungarian swimmers
Olympic silver medalists
Marion Anthony Trabert (August 16, 1930 – February 3, 2021) was an American amateur World No. 1 tennis player and commentator. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He won the French Open in 1954 and 1955, the Australian Open in 1955 the Wimbledon Championships in 1955, and the US Open in 1953, 1954 and 1955.

Trabert died on February 3, 2021 at his home in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida at the age of 90.

References
 

1930 births
2021 deaths
American tennis players
American sports commentators
Sportspeople from Cincinnati, Ohio
French Open champions
Australian Open champions
Wimbledon champions
US Open (tennis) champions
Robert Alan Altman (February 23, 1947 – February 4, 2021) was an American business executive and lawyer. He was the co-founder, chairman, and CEO of ZeniMax Media. He worked as a lawyer in Washington, D.C. Altman also was on the Advisory Board of The George Washington University Law School.

From 1984 until his death, Altman was married to actress Lynda Carter. They had two children.

Altman died on February 4, 2021 at a hospital in Baltimore, Maryland from problems caused by surgery, aged 73.

References

1947 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
American chief executives
Businesspeople from Washington, D.C.
Hichem Mechichi (; born January 1974) is a Tunisian politician. On 2 September 2020, he became the Prime Minister of Tunisia. He was the Minister of the Interior from February to September 2020.

After a series of protests, President Kais Saied fired Mechichi as prime minister on 25 July 2021.

References

Living people
1974 births
Prime Ministers of Tunisia
María Alejandra Muñoz Seminario (born c. 1979) is an Ecuadorian politician and lawyer. She was the Vice President of Ecuador from 2020 until 2021. She is the third female to hold this position, after Rosalía Arteaga and Maria Alejandra Vicuña.

On July 17, 2020, Muñoz was elected as vice president by the National Assembly, after receiving 75 votes in favor of her election. She was sworn in on July 22, 2020.

References

Vice Presidents of Ecuador
1979 births
Living people
People from Guayaquil
David W. Harvey  (born 31 October 1935) is a British-born Marxist economic geographer. He is a professor of anthropology and geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY). He is known for his support of the idea of the right to the city.

In 2007, Harvey was listed as the 18th most-cited author of books in the humanities and social sciences in that year.

References

1935 births
Living people
British anthropologists
British geographers
British economists
Marxism
Writers from Kent
Adelaide João (born Maria da Glória Pereira da Silva; 27 July 1921 – 3 February 2021) was a Portuguese actress. She was Lisbon, Portugal. Her career began in 1960. She starred in The End of the World, which was shown at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival.

João died on 3 February 2021 from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal in Lisbon, aged 99.

References

Other websites
 

1921 births
2021 deaths
Portuguese movie actors
People from Lisbon
Portuguese television actors
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic
David A. Shepard (October 6, 1947 – February 4, 2021) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 2001 to 2017. In November 2018, Shepard was elected Dickson County Commissioner. He was born in Centerville, Tennessee.

Shepard died on February 4, 2021 in Charlotte, Tennessee at the age of 73.

References

1947 births
2021 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Tennessee
US Democratic Party politicians
Putin's palace. History of world's largest bribe is a 2021 Russian documentary movie made by the Anti-Corruption Foundation (FBK). The documentary is about the building of "Putin's Palace".

Putin said that he didn't own the palace. He said that this palace was created for foreign services, which, in his opinion, built for scenery and that the film is a fake

References 

Documentary movies
Russian movies
Bullion (from the french word for "boiling") refers to coins, jewellery and bars made of a precious metal such as gold or silver, that are bought and stored simply as an investment in the prices of the metal(s) they are made of. Although precious metal bullion is no longer used to make coins for general circulation, it continues to be held as an investment with a reputation for stability in periods of economic uncertainty.

Unlike numismatic coins, a bullion coin is a coin, new or old, that is bought only for the price of the metal it is made of, not for its condition, age or any other value, british gold sovereigns are a common historic bullion coin, and most countries produce a coin meant solely for bullion purposes in different weights, e.g american silver eagle.

Bullion can also be in the form of bars of precious metal in different weights (and thus sizes) bars can easily be stacked and are easier to sort then coins as only the weight needs to be taken into consideration.

It may also be jewellery such as neck chains, pocket watch cases and pendants.

Typical bullion metals include:
 Silver
 Gold
 Platinum
 Palladium

Due to it's relatively small size and high value, bullion is often stolen in robberies and burglaries, as a result it is mainly stored in safes, some people who invest in bullion may choose to pay to have it stored in a safe deposit box at a local bank, rather then a safe in their own home.

"Stacking" is an informal term for the act of collecting bullion.

Low value bullion is sometimes carried in a pocket or worn as jewellery.

References 

Metals
The 117th United States Congress is the 117th and current legislative cycle for the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It started on January 3, 2021, as a result of the 2020 United States Senate elections, 2020 United States House of Representatives elections and the 2020 United States presidential election. The 117th Congress will end on January 3, 2023 and the 118th United States Congress will begin. The Democratic Party controls the Senate and the House of Representatives. In the Senate there are 50 Democratic senators and 50 Republican senators. Vice President of the United States, Kamala Harris only votes when it is a tie. She votes for the Democrats. In the House of Representatives, the Democrats have 221 people and the Republicans have 211.

Party breakdown

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

President of the Senate

The President of the Senate is Kamala Harris. (D)

Senate President Pro Tempore
The President Pro Tempore of the Senate is Patrick Leahy. (D)

Senate Majority Leader
The Senate Majority Leader is Chuck Schumer. (D)

Senate Minority Leader
The Senate Minority Leader is Mitch McConnell. (R)

Senate Majority Whip
The Senate Majority Whip is Dick Durbin. (D)

Senate Minority Whip
The Senate Minority Whip is John Thune. (R)

House

Speaker

The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is Nancy Pelosi. (D)

Majority Leader
The House Majority Leader is Steny Hoyer. (D)

Minority Leader
The House Minority Leader is Kevin McCarthy. (R)

Majority Whip

The House Majority Whip is Jim Clyburn.

Minority Whip
The House Minority Whip is Steve Scalise. (R)

Notes

References

United States Congress
Incendiary Blonde is a 1945 American biographical musical drama movie directed by George Marshall and starring Betty Hutton, Arturo de Córdova, Charlie Ruggles, Barry Fitzgerald, Albert Dekker, Bill Goodwin, Eduardo Ciannelli. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

Other websites
 
  
 

1945 movies
1940s biographical movies
1940s musical movies
1940s drama movies
American biographical movies
American musical movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by George Marshall
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies set in the 20th century
Hitchhike to Happiness is a 1945 American musical movie directed by Joseph Santley and starring Al Pearce, Dale Evans, William Frawley, Jerome Cowan, Willie Trenk, Arlene Harris, Joyce Compton, Irving Bacon. It was distributed by Republic Pictures and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

Other websites
 

 

1945 movies
1940s musical movies
American musical movies
Movies directed by Joseph Santley
The Government Seal of Japan is one of the country's national seals.  It looks like a flowering plant called a paulownia.  The government of Japan and cabinet use it. It is one of many paulownia mon, collectively known as the Paulownia Seals (桐紋, kirimon) or the Paulownia Flower Seals (桐花紋, tōkamon).

The seal is the official emblem of the Japanese Prime Minister and the Cabinet.

The 5–7 Paulownia (五七桐, go-shichi (no) kiri) is used as the official emblem of the Prime Minister of Japan. It looks like a stylized paulownia plant with 5–7–5 flowers.

Before the Chrysanthemum Seal was used extensively, the Paulownia Seal originally was the private symbol of the Japanese Imperial Family, from as early as the sixteenth century. The Toyotomi clan, led by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, later adopted the Paulownia Seal to be their family crest. After the Meiji Restoration, the seal was eventually adopted as the emblem of the Japanese government.

It is now still mainly used by the Japanese government, as a contrast to the Chrysanthemum Seal which represents the Emperor as the symbol of the sovereignty of the State, and members of the Imperial Family.

Government of Japan
Heraldry
The 2021 Russian protests are a series of street protests in support of Alexei Navalny. They were caused by his locking up and the release of Alexei Navalny's film Putin's palace. History of world's largest bribe. They began on 23 January 2021. They are taking place in Russia. People are taking themselves on the streets in support of the Russian people in other countries too.

References 

2021 in Europe
January 2021 events
February 2021 events
2021 protests
2021 protests
G. I. Honeymoon is a 1945 American comedy movie directed by Phil Karlson and starring Gale Storm, Peter Cookson, Arline Judge, Frank Jenks, Jerome Cowan. It was distributed by Monogram Pictures and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

Other websites

1945 movies
1940s comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Phil Karlson
Guest Wife is a 1945 American comedy movie directed by Sam Wood and starring Claudette Colbert, Don Ameche, Dick Foran, Charles Dingle, Irving Bacon. It was distributed by United Artists and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.

Other websites

1945 movies
1940s comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Sam Wood
Hylarana malayana is a frog from Myanmar and India.

Scientists think this might be related to Sylvirana nigrovittata.

References

Animals of Asia
Frogs
Opekta was a European pectin that was ran between 1928 and 1995. It became popular and renamed to Anne Frank House as the Legacy of Anne Frank grows, and her book The Diary of a Young Girl.

1928 establishments in Europe
1995 disestablishments in Europe
Food companies
Companies of the Netherlands
Companies of Germany
Amsterdam
Cologne
Hurricane Ethel was one of two major hurricanes in the 1960 Atlantic hurricane season. The sixth known tropical cyclone, fifth named storm, and fourth hurricane of the season, Ethel was created from a disturbance in the Gulf of Mexico on September 14.

References

Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes
Hurricanes in Louisiana
Disasters in the 1960s
1960 in the United States
1960s in Louisiana
20th century in Mississippi
The history of Modern Kangleipak or Modern Manipur covers the history of Manipur from the Seven Years Devastation from the Burmese Empire to the present day.

Seven Years Devastation

The Burmese invaded Manipur several times but the most notable one was in 1819, during the reign of King Marjit. The Burmese occupied Manipur from 1819 to 1826. During this time, Manipur was devastated and there was chaos and anarchy everywhere. This dark period is called Chahi Taret Khuntakpa (Seven Years Devastation).

Manipuri Levy
There were exploitations of the Manipuri Levy, which was the first standing army of Manipur, born out of Manipur National Struggle against the Burmese rule during the Seven Years Devastation.

Anglo-Manipuri War

In the year 1891, the historic Anglo-Manipuri war (Manipur's National Liberation Struggle) took place. The Manipuri soldiers showed their might in the losing battle, sacrificing their lives for the motherland. The combat ended with British victory.

Japanese bombing

Japanese bombing in Imphal took place several times in the history of Manipur, thereby creating high casualties to the people of Manipur. The first bombing was in the year 1942, heralding the beginning of the Second World War in Manipur.

Related pages
 Flag of Manipur
 Coat of arms of Manipur

Sources
 http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Historical_War_Manipur
 http://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Martyrdom_of_Tikendrajit_Thangal_1&ch=manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur&sub2=Historical_War_Manipur
 http://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Martyrdom_of_Tikendrajit_Thangal_2&ch=manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur&sub2=Historical_War_Manipur
 http://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Martyrdom_of_Tikendrajit_Thangal_3&ch=manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur&sub2=Historical_War_Manipur
 http://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Martyrdom_of_Tikendrajit_Thangal_4&ch=manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur&sub2=Historical_War_Manipur
 http://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Martyrdom_of_Tikendrajit_Thangal_5&ch=manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur&sub2=Historical_War_Manipur
 http://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Martyrdom_of_Tikendrajit_Thangal_6&ch=manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur&sub2=Historical_War_Manipur
 http://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Martyrdom_of_Tikendrajit_Thangal_7&ch=manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur&sub2=Historical_War_Manipur

Further reading
 http://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Pu_Ngulkhup_Kuki_War_of_Independence_1&ch=manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur&sub2=Historical_War_Manipur
 http://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Pu_Ngulkhup_Kuki_War_of_Independence_2&ch=manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur&sub2=Historical_War_Manipur
 http://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Pu_Ngulkhup_Kuki_War_of_Independence_3&ch=manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur&sub2=Historical_War_Manipur
 http://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Pu_Ngulkhup_Kuki_War_of_Independence_4&ch=manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur&sub2=Historical_War_Manipur

References

Modern
Debevoise & Plimpton LLP (often shortened to Debevoise) is a global law firm based in New York City. Founded in 1931 by Harvard Law School alumnus Eli Whitney Debevoise and Oxford-trained William Stevenson, Debevoise specializes in strategic and private equity, M&A, insurance and financial services transactions, private funds, complex litigation, investigations, and international arbitration. As of 2021, the law firm is assisting the Democratic Party in the Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump.

References
Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP (known as Cravath) is an American law firm with its headquarters in New York City, and an additional office in London. The firm, one of the most prestigious law firms in the United States, is known for its complex and high profile litigation and mergers & acquisitions work.

References
"Chahi Taret Khuntakpa" () (literally, "Seven Years Devastation") was a dark period in the history of modern Manipur, during which Manipur was occupied by the Burmese empire, imposing chaos and anarchism to the kingdom, from 1819 AD to 1826 AD (3212 MF-3218 MF).

Background
When Marjit ascended the throne of Manipur, the Burmese empire attacked the kingdom in 1819 AD. At that time, due to lack of unity among the royal family members of Manipur, the situation was overcome by the enemy. Thus, the kingdom was annexed by the Burmese forces.

Further reading
 http://anoubameerol.com/review-of-n-birachandras-seven-years-devastation/

Bibliography
 https://www.worldcat.org/title/seven-years-devastation-1819-1826/oclc/755080714
 http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.books.Seven_Years_Devastation_1819_1826_Book_Review_By_James_Oinam

References

History
Viola Amherd (born 7 June 1962) is a Swiss politician. She is a Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 2019. She is also a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party.

1962 births
Swiss politicians
Living people