cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Zoë Tiberius Quinn (born 1987) is an American video game developer, programmer, writer, and artist.

Quinn, who uses the gender-neutral pronoun "they" , is known for developing the interactive fiction game Depression Quest. In 2014, a blog post by their ex-boyfriend sparked the Gamergate controversy, in which Quinn was subjected to extensive criticism and harassment.

References

Other websites
 
 

1987 births
Living people
American feminists
American artists
Anita Sarkeesian (; born 1983) is a Canadian-American feminist media critic, blogger, and public speaker. She is the founder of Feminist Frequency. She is known for her video series Tropes vs. Women in Video Games, which reviews the female video game characters stereotypes.

References

1983 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Canadian writers
Canadian feminists
American critics
American feminists
American bloggers
Brianna Wu (born July 6, 1977) is an American video game developer and computer programmer. She co-founded Giant Spacekat, an independent video game development studio. She is also a blogger and podcaster on matters relating to the video game industry.

Wu unsuccessfully ran against incumbent Stephen F. Lynch in Massachusetts for the 8th district for the U.S. House of Representatives in 2018. Wu has begun a second campaign for the 2020 election.

References

1977 births
Living people
American artists
American political activists
Politicians from West Virginia
Politicians from Boston, Massachusetts
Stephen Francis Lynch (born March 31, 1955) is an American politician. He has been a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts since 2001. He is a Democrat representing Massachusetts's 8th congressional district.

Lynch ran for the Democratic nomination in the 2013 special election for the U.S. Senate but lost to Ed Markey.

References

1955 births
Living people
United States representatives from Massachusetts
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Boston, Massachusetts
US Democratic Party politicians
West Hartford is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. It is about  west of downtown Hartford. The population was 63,268 at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites 

 Town of West Hartford official website

Towns in Connecticut
Simsbury is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 23,511 at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites 

 Town of Simsbury official website

Towns in Connecticut
In the United States, railroads are Class I, II, or III, depending on how big they are. The Surface Transportation Board decides how big the railroads need to be to be in the classes.

There are six US Class I freight railroad companies. Canada has two Class I freight railroads. Both of the Canadian companies have trackage in the US. Mexico has two Class I freight railroads, one with trackage in the US. The national passenger railroads in the US and Canada, Amtrak and Via Rail, are both Class I.

Classes

Class I

In the United States, the Surface Transportation Board says a Class I railroad is a railroad that gets $250 million or more in revenue every year. It was 1991 when they said it had to be at least $250 million. In 2012, $452,653,248 is how much it would be. In 2011, the Association of American Railroads says that Class I railroads had to get at least $433.2 million.

In Canada, a Class I rail carrier is a company that has earned at least $250 million (CAD) in revenue for each of the previous two years.

Class I railroads are some of the most efficient kinds of transportation. They move a ton of freight almost 500 miles with each gallon of diesel fuel ( to move ).

In 2013, eleven railroads in North America were Class I. In the United States, Amtrak and seven freight railroads are Class I based on 2011 measurements released in 2013.

Class II
A Class II railroad in the United States takes freight and is mid-sized in terms of revenue. , a Class II railroad is a railroad with that earns more than $37.4 million but less than $433.2 million in revenue for at least three years in a row. Switching and terminal railroads are can't be Class II railroads.

Class III

A Class III railroad earns less than $20 million (1991 dollars) in revenue every year.

References

More reading

 49 CFR Part 1201-Railroad Companies (PDF)
 Surface Transportation Board FAQs – Economic and Industry Information 
 STB Ex Parte No. 647

Other websites
 List and Family Trees of North American Railroads
 Uniform Classification of Accounts and Related Railway Records (UCA) ; retrieved April 24, 2005.
Surface Transportation Board FAQs – Economic and Industry Information 

Rail transport
Shivamogga is the capital of the Shivamogga district in Karnataka. It was earlier called Shimoga.

It is located in India.

References 

Karnataka
The University of Nebraska Press, also known as UNP, is an academic publisher of scholarly and general-interest books. It was created in 1941. The press is controlled by the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, the main campus of the University of Nebraska system. UNP mostly publishes non-fiction books and academic journals. They publish in both print and electronic editions. The press has strong publishing programs in Native American studies, Western American history, sports, world and national affairs, and military history.

UNP has published more than 4,000 books and 30 journals. They publish more than 150 new titles each year, making it the 12th biggest university press in the United States. Since 2010, two of UNP's books have received the Bancroft Prize, the highest honor given to history books in the U.S.

References

Other websites
 
 Fight Over a Beloved (and Lucrative) Book

20th-century establishments in Nebraska
1941 establishments in the United States
Publishing companies of the United States
University presses
Lincoln, Nebraska
Companies based in Nebraska
The Missouri River Valley outlines where the Missouri River from its headwaters where the Madison, Jefferson and Gallatin Rivers flow together in Montana to its confluence with the Mississippi River in the State of Missouri. At  long, the valley drains one-sixth of the United States. It is the longest river valley in North America. The valley in the Missouri River basin includes river bottoms and floodplains.

References

Other websites
 Missouri River Valley Explorer

Rivers of the United States
Valleys of the United States
Geography of Montana
Geography of South Dakota
Geography of Nebraska
Geography of Kansas
Geography of Missouri
Iowa
Mount Oread  is a hill in Lawrence, Kansas. The University of Kansas is on it. It is on the water divide between the Kansas and Wakarusa rivers. It was named after the Oread Institute in Worcester, Massachusetts. The hill was first called Hogback Ridge by many Lawrence residents until the Oread name was chosen in 1866.

For emigrants going west by wagon train on the Oregon Trail, "The Hill" was the next big topographical challenge after crossing the Wakarusa River near today's Haskell Indian Nations University.

The United States Geological Survey says that Mount Oread is about  above sea level. Downtown Lawrence is about  above sea level. Mount Oread was whereWilliam Quantrill's raid into Lawrence on August 21, 1863, during the American Civil War, happened. The campus of the University of Kansas (KU) is on Mount Oread.

Related pages
 Oread

References

Other websites
Lawrence Kansas looking northeast from Mt. Oread (1859)
Mt. Oread campus buildings  at the University of Kansas.
TopoQuest map of Mt. Oread
 Mount Oread trail route marker for KU GIS Day 2006 social geocoding pioneers

Lawrence, Kansas
Oregon Trail
Bleeding Kansas
University of Kansas
Hills
Geography of Kansas
American Civil War
Samuel Clarke Pomeroy (January 3, 1816 – August 27, 1891) was a United States senator from Kansas in the mid-19th century. He was in the United States Senate during the American Civil War. Pomeroy was also in the Massachusetts House of Representatives.He also was the mayor of Atchison, Kansas from 1858 to 1859. He was also the second president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, and the first president to oversee any of the railroad's construction and operations. Pomeroy succeeded Cyrus K. Holliday as president of the railroad on January 13, 1864. He was a Republican.

Career

Early life
Samuel C. Pomeroy was born on January 3, 1816 at Southampton, Massachusetts. He was a student at Amherst College. Pomeroy was against the politics of slavery. In 1854, he joined the New England Emigrant Aid Company. That fall, he led a group of people to Kansas to help create the city of Lawrence.

1860s
On April 4, 1861, the Kansas legislature elected Pomeroy (along with James Lane) to be one of Kansas's first senators.

1870s
On December 18, 1871, because of Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden urging and after learning of the findings of the Hayden Geological Survey of 1871, Pomeroy introduced the Act of Dedication bill into the Senate. That bill led to the creation of Yellowstone National Park.

References

19th-century American politicians
1816 births
1891 deaths
Kansas Republicans
United States senators from Kansas
"Truth Hurts" is a song by American R&B recording artist Lizzo. It is taken from the deluxe version of her third studio album (and first major-label release), Cuz I Love You.  It was released as a single on September 19, 2017. Lizzo wrote the song with Steven Cheung, Jesse Saint John, and its producer, Ricky Reed.

In 2019, it reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, the Pop Songs radio chart, R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Rap Songs charts, and on the Radio Songs chart. It also reached the top ten in Canada and New Zealand, while maintaining the top 20 in Australia, the top 40 in the UK, and the top 100 in the Netherlands and Switzerland.

Charts

References 

2017 songs
R&B songs
2019 in entertainment
Electoral districts in Canada (also called a "constituency" or "riding") are what Canada's representative democracy is based on. In Canadian French, it is called a circonscription, but is also called a comté (county). Every single federal electoral district is represented by one Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada. In provincial or territorial electoral districts, the person that represents the riding might be called a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA), Member of the National Assembly (NLA), Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP), or a Member of the House of Assembly (MHA).

Right now, federal and provincial electoral districts are only represented by one person. In the past, however, some have been represented by more than one person. 

Politics of Canada
Alberto Goldman (; 12 October 1937 – 1 September 2019) was a Brazilian engineer and politician. He was elected Vice Governor of São Paulo in 2006 with Governor José Serra. Goldman became governor of São Paulo on 6 April 2010. He resigned on 1 January 2011. He was National President of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party from November 2017 through December 2017.

Goldman was born in São Paulo. He died on 1 September 2019 at a São Paulo hospital from problems caused by cancer-related surgery, aged 81.

References

1937 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in Brazil
Deaths from surgical complications
Brazilian politicians
Brazilian scientists
Brazilian journalists
People from São Paulo
William J. Larkin Jr. (February 5, 1928 – August 31, 2019) was an American politician. He was a member of the New York State Legislature representing districts in the Hudson Valley. He was a member of the Republican Party. Larkin represented the 39th District in the New York State Senate from 1991 until his retirement in 2018. 

During his career in the Army, Larkin helped protect President John F. Kennedy on a visit to Berlin and met Martin Luther King Jr. when escorting one of the Selma to Montgomery marches in Alabama during the Civil Rights Movement.

Larkin lived in the town of New Windsor, New York. He died there on August 31, 2019 at the age of 91.

References

1928 births
2019 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from New York
US Republican Party politicians
New Windsor is a town in Orange County, New York, United States. The Town of New Windsor is in the eastern part of the county, bordering the Town of Newburgh and the City of Newburgh. The population was estimated at 25,244 in 2010 by the US Census.

References

Towns in New York
James Carson Gardner (born April 8, 1933) is an American businessman and Republican politician. He was a U.S. Representative from 1967 through 1969 and as the 30th Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina from 1989 through 1993. Gardner was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina.

References

1933 births
Living people
Businesspeople from North Carolina
United States representatives from North Carolina
US Republican Party politicians
People from Rocky Mount, North Carolina
Lieutenant Governors of North Carolina
Robert Byrd Jordan III (October 11, 1932 – February 16, 2020) was an American politician. He was the 29th Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina for one term from 1985 through 1989 under Governor James G. Martin. He  unsuccessfully ran for Governor of North Carolina in 1988.

References

Other websites
NC Notable Bob Jordan 
North Carolina Award citation 
OurCampaigns.com
Jordan elected chairman of NCSU trustees

Lieutenant Governors of North Carolina
US Democratic Party politicians
2020 deaths
1932 births
Ben Nighthorse Campbell (born April 13, 1933) is a Cheyenne-American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from 1987 to 1993, and a U.S. Senator from Colorado from 1993 to 2005. He was a member of the Democratic Party, until Campbell switched to the Republican Party on March 3, 1995.

References

Other websites

 
 Retrospective Editorial, Boulder Weekly (2008): "Cherry Pickers Lose Elections"

1933 births
Living people
United States senators from Colorado
United States representatives from Colorado
Politicians from California
US Republican Party politicians
US Democratic Party politicians
Sidney Wallace Morrison (born May 13, 1933) is an American politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Washington from 1981 through 1993. He was elected as a Republican. Morrison was born in Yakima, Washington.

Morrison was a member of the State Senate from 1975 through 1980. Before, he was a member of the State House from 1967 through 1975. In 1992, he ran for Governor, but lost the primary to Ken Eikenberry.

References

Other websites

 

1933 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
United States representatives from Washington
US Republican Party politicians
Kenneth Otto Eikenberry (born June 29, 1932) is an American Republican politician. He was born in Wenatchee, Washington. Eikenberry was the Attorney General of Washington from January 1981 through January 1993.

References

Other websites
 

1932 births
Living people
Lawyers from Washington
Politicians from Washington
US Republican Party politicians
Gilbert Stroud Merritt Jr. (January 17, 1936 – January 17, 2022) was an American lawyer and jurist. He was a Senior United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Merritt Jr. was nominated to the court by President Jimmy Carter. He was judge on the court from 1977 through 2001 and was Chief Judge from 1989 through 1996. Merritt Jr. was born in Nashville, Tennessee.

In 1993, when Byron White retired from the Supreme Court, he was seen as a possible replacement pick by President Bill Clinton. Ruth Bader Ginsburg was the final pick.

Merritt Jr. died on January 17, 2022 in Nashville on his 86th birthday.

References

1936 births
2022 deaths
Lawyers from Nashville, Tennessee
American judges
Politicians from Nashville, Tennessee
US Democratic Party politicians
Abraham "Abe" Fortas (June 19, 1910 – April 5, 1982) was an American lawyer. He was a U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice from 1965 to 1969.

Fortas died from an aortic rupture on April 5, 1982 in Washington, D.C. at the age of 71.

References

1910 births
1982 deaths
Deaths from aortic aneurysm
Lawyers from Memphis, Tennessee
United States Supreme Court justices
Politicians from Memphis, Tennessee
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
US Democratic Party politicians
Richard Ravitch (born July 7, 1933) is an American politician and businessman. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 2009 to 2010. He was appointed to the position in July 2009 by New York Governor David Paterson.

References

1933 births
Living people
Lieutenant Governors of New York (state)
Businesspeople from New York City
Politicians from New York City
US Democratic Party politicians
Hugh Leo Carey (April 11, 1919 – August 7, 2011) was an American politician and attorney. He was a seven-term United States Representative from 1961 to 1974, as well as 51st Governor of New York from 1975 to 1982.

Carey died on August 7, 2011 at his home in Shelter Island, New York of heart failure at the age of 92.

References

1919 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Lawyers from New York City
United States representatives from New York
Governors of New York
Politicians from New York City
US Democratic Party politicians
Georgia Holt (born Jackie Jean Crouch; June 9, 1926) is an American singer-songwriter, actress, and model. She is the mother of singer and actress Cher and the grandmother of Chaz Bono.

Personal life
Holt was born in Kensett, Arkansas. She was married to six men, one of them twice.

Career
Holt appeared as a model on two episodes of I Love Lucy. She was an audience polling member as part of a group of ten mothers of famous celebrities on the U.S. game show Card Sharks from July 4–8, 1988.

Holt also released her album Honky Tonk Woman, which was recorded in 1982, in 2013. The album includes a duet with Cher titled "I'm Just Your Yesterday".

Holt appeared on talk shows hosted by Mike Douglas, Merv Griffin, Dinah Shore, Jay Leno and Ellen DeGeneres.

Appearances

References

Other websites

1926 births
Living people
American movie actors
Models from Arkansas
Actors from Alabama
Singers from Alabama
Writers from Alabama
American country singers
American singer-songwriters
Actors from Arkansas
Singers from Arkansas
Writers from Arkansas
American television actors
Carlo Fonseka ( Kālō Fonsēkā; 4 March 1933 – 2 September 2019) was a Sri Lankan physician, academic and political activist. He was a dean of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya. He was president of the Sri Lanka Medical Council fro 2012 through 2017. He was born in Colombo, Ceylon. 

Fonseka died in Colombo on 2 September 2019 at the age of 86.

References

1933 births
2019 deaths
Political activists
Educators
Sri Lankan politicians
Physicians
People from Colombo
George Frederick Will (born May 4, 1941) is an American conservative political commentator. He writes regular columns for The Washington Post and is a political commentator for NBC News and MSNBC. 

In 1986, The Wall Street Journal called him "perhaps the most powerful journalist in America". He won the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary in 1977.

References

Pulitzer Prize winners
1941 births
Living people
American conservatives
American political writers
American political commentators
American columnists
Writers from Illinois
Arthur Boggess Culvahouse Jr. (born July 4, 1948) is an American attorney and politician. He was the United States Ambassador to Australia from  March 13, 2019 tom January 19, 2021 under the Donald Trump administration. Before, he was the White House Counsel from 1987 through 1989 during the Ronald Reagan presidency.

He was an important figure in John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign. He helped picked McCain's running mate.

In May 2016, Donald Trump, the presumptive Republican presidential nominee, chose Culvahouse to head the search for his running mate.

In November 2018, Trump nominated Culvahouse to be the U.S. Ambassador to Australia. He was confirmed by the United States Senate in January 2019.

References

Other websites
Culvahouse's profile at the OMM website 
Reagan Archives at University of Texas

1948 births
Living people
Lawyers from Tennessee
Ambassadors of the United States
Politicians from Tennessee
US Republican Party politicians
Cecilia Seghizzi (5 September 1908 – 22 November 2019) was an Italian composer, painter and teacher.

Her music catalog includes more than 130 compositions, among which many are choral music.

On 5 September 2018, she became a supercentenarian upon celebrating her 110th birthday. She died on 22 November 2019 at the age of 111.

Selected works
Sonata for Oboe and Piano (1963)
By night flute, soprano and piano (1979)
Concertino for horn and strings (1981)
Divertimento for violin and piano (1982)
Waltz for flute and piano (1984)

References

1908 births
2019 deaths
Supercentenarians
Italian educators
Italian painters
20th-century Italian composers
21st-century Italian composers
Anthony Austin Street (born 8 February 1926) is an Australian federal politician. He was Foreign Minister in the Fourth Fraser Ministry between 1980 and 1983. A member of Parliament, he represented the Corangamite division in Victoria from 1966 through 1984. 

His father Geoffrey Street held his seat before him, and other members of the Street family. Street was a member of the Liberal Party of Australia. He was born in Melbourne.

References

1926 births
Living people
Politicians from Melbourne
Dennis King (born ) is a Canadian politician. He is the 33rd and current Premier of Prince Edward Island since May 2019. He is also the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Prince Edward Island.

References

1970s births
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Premiers of Prince Edward Island
Emilio Estefan Gómez (born March 4, 1953) is a Cuban-American musician and producer. He has won 19 Grammy Awards. Estefan is known as a member of the Miami Sound Machine.

He is the husband of singer Gloria Estefan, father of son Nayib Estefan and daughter Emily Estefan, and the uncle of Spanish-language television personality Lili Estefan.

References

1953 births
Living people
Record producers
Cuban musicians
Businesspeople from Miami, Florida
Musicians from Miami, Florida
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Todd Phillips (born Todd Bunzl; born 1970 or 1971) is an American filmmaker. Phillips was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay in Borat.

Movies
Road Trip (2000)
Old School (2003)
Starsky & Hutch (2004)
Borat (2006)
School for Scoundrels (2006)
The Hangover (2009)
Due Date (2010)
The Hangover Part II (2011)
Project X (2012)
The Hangover Part III (2013)
War Dogs (2016)
A Star Is Born (2018)
Joker (2019)

References

Other websites
 

1970s births
Living people
American movie actors
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Actors from New York City
Jane Jungyon Kim (born July 9, 1977) is an American civil rights attorney and politician. She is the first Korean American elected official in San Francisco. She represented San Francisco's District 6 on the Board of Supervisors between 2011 and 2019. She is currently a member of the San Francisco's Democratic County Central Committee and was the top vote getter in CA AD17.

In 2016, she ran for the 11th California State Senate District, but lost to Scott Wiener in the primary. She was a candidate for Mayor in the 2018 mayoral election, finishing third with 24.03% of the first-round vote.

References

1977 births
Living people
Lawyers from New York City
American political activists
Politicians from New York City
Politicians from San Francisco
US Democratic Party politicians
Lawyers from San Francisco
Iah ( Egyptian: jˁḥ, Coptic ) is a minor ancient Egyptian moon god who eventually evolves into Khonsu. Iah is said to be a god of both time and fertility. He is most notable for creating the ancient lunar calendar. The word jˁḥ simply means "moon". It is also transliterated as Yah, Yah(w), Jah,  Jah(w), Joh or Aah.

5 Day Myth 
In an ancient Egyptian myth, sun god Ra has cursed goddess Nut so that she can not have birth on any of the 300 days of the year. The wisdom god Thoth devised a plan that involved challenging A'ah to a game of Senet. Thoth outsmarted A'ah and won enough moonlight to add 5 days to the year. Since these extra days were not cursed, Nut was able to birth a god on each of these days; Isis, Osiris, Nephthys, and Horus. Due to the loss of moonlight, the moon was unable to shine continuously and was forced to periodically dim in order to recuperate. Thus creating the phases of the moon.

References 

Egyptian gods and goddesses
Fred A. Risser (born May 5, 1927) is an American Democratic politician. He has been a member of the Wisconsin Senate, representing the 26th District since 1962. His district includes most of the west side and central neighborhoods of Madison. He was a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from 1957 to 1962. Risser has never lost an election and is the longest-serving state legislator in American political history.

Upon the death of New Mexico State Senator John Pinto in May 2019, Risser became the only remaining World War II veteran currently serving as a state legislator in the United States.

References

1927 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
American military personnel of World War II
Politicians from Wisconsin
People from Madison, Wisconsin
US Democratic Party politicians
Joan Antoni Solans i Huguet (15 October 1941 – 2 September 2019) was a Spanish Catalan architect. His works were about urban planning . He was born in Barcelona.

Between 1980 and 1997 he was General Director of Town Planning of the Generalitat de Catalunya during the government of Jordi Pujol and vice president of the Institut Català del Sòl between 1988 and 2000, when he resigned.

He was the architect of the new territorial planning of Catalonia and some cities.

Huget died on 2 September 2019 in Barcelona after being hit by a car at the age of 77.

References

1941 births
2019 deaths
Road accident deaths
Architects
People from Barcelona
Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, the population was 488,075, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin.  The county seat is Madison, which is also the state capital.

References

 
Wisconsin counties
1830s establishments in Wisconsin Territory
1839 establishments in the United States
Matthew Harvey Clark (born July 15, 1937) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the Eighth Bishop of Rochester from 1979 until 2012. He was born in Waterford, New York, to Matthew and Grace (née Bills) Clark. He was raised in Troy, New York. Clark has been criticized for being overly tolerant of homosexuality and even challenging the Vatican's position of not allowing homosexual priests.

In September 2019, Clark was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.

References

Other websites
Roman Catholic Diocese of Rochester Official Site

1937 births
Living people
People with Alzheimer's disease
American Roman Catholics
Bishops
People from Troy, New York
People from Rochester, New York
David B. Cornstein (born August 17, 1938) is an American businessman and politician. He is the United States Ambassador to Hungary. He is from New York and his business career is about gambling operations, high-end used jewelry and telemarketing.

References

1938 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States
Businesspeople from New York City
Politicians from New York City
US Republican Party politicians
On September 2, 2019, the 75-foot (23 m) diving boat Conception caught fire and sank off the coast of Santa Cruz Island, California. 

The boat was anchored in Platts Harbor, a small undeveloped bay on the north shore of the island, with over 30 passengers asleep below decks when fire broke out shortly after 3 am. The loss of the ship caused a rescue operation by the United States Coast Guard. 

Coast Guard divers counted 25 bodies in the sunken hull, while nine other people remain missing.

References

September 2019 events
2019 in the United States
Disasters in the United States
Fires in North America
Maritime disasters
2019 in California
On 13 January 2012, the Italian cruise ship Costa Concordia hit the bottom of the sea floor and overturned after striking an underwater rock off Isola del Giglio, Tuscany, resulting in 32 deaths. 

The eight year old Costa Cruises vessel was on the first leg of a cruise around the Mediterranean Sea when she deviated from her planned route at the Isola del Giglio, sailed closer to the island, and struck a rock formation on the sea floor. 

A six-hour rescue effort brought most of the passengers ashore.

Many blamed the ship's captain Francesco Schettino, who left the ship shortly after the sinking began leaving behind the crew and passengers.

References

January events
2012 disasters
2012 in Europe
2010s in Italy
Transport disasters in Europe
Maritime disasters
Francesco Schettino (; born 14 November 1960) is an Italian former sea captain. He commanded the cruise ship Costa Concordia when it struck an underwater rock and capsized with the deaths of 32 passengers and crew off the Italian island of Giglio on 13 January 2012.

In 2015 he was sentenced to a 16-year prison sentence.

References

1960 births
Criminals
Italian people
Living people
Sailors
People convicted of manslaughter
Sara Delano Roosevelt Whitney diBonaventura Wilford (born March 13, 1932) is an American psychologist. She taught at Sarah Lawrence College from 1982 to 2014.

She is a daughter of Betsey Cushing Roosevelt Whitney, a prominent philanthropist in medicine and art, and James Roosevelt, the oldest son of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. 

She was married to Ronald A. Wilford from 1973 to his death in 2015.

References

Other websites
The Learning Child - Public Television series
"From Play To Literacy: Implications For The Classroom" by Sara Wilford
Sarah Lawrence College's Early Childhood Center
Sarah Lawrence College

1932 births
Living people
American psychologists
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Scientists from Boston, Massachusetts
Writers from Boston, Massachusetts
Roosevelt family
The Sentiero di Leonardo (in English "The Trail of Leonardo") is a trail in Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland. It is named for Leonardo Da Vinci. The trail was opened in February 2019, the 500th anniversary of Leonardo's death. It goes through places that were important in the life and art of Leonardo. The Sentiero di Leonardo is not a new trail. It is made up of existing footpaths and trails such as the Sentiero del Viandante. One half of the Sentiero di Leonardo goes between Pavia in Italy and San Bernardino in Switzerland along the eastern side of Lake Como. The other half goes between Pavia and San Bernardino along the western side of Lake Como. The trail is 540 kilometers long in total. It takes 26 days to walk both halves.

References

Other websites

Lombardy
Trails
Tourism
Milan
Porta Romana ("Roman Gate") is a former city gate of Milan, Italy. In its present form, the gate dates back to the 16th century Spanish walls of Milan.

Its origins can be traced further back to the Roman walls of the city. They had a "Roman Gate" in the same area. Porta Romana was the first and the main imperial entrance of the entire city of Milan. It was the starting point of the road leading to Ancient Rome.

Milan
The Battle of Falkirk (Blàr na h-Eaglaise Brice in Scottish Gaelic) was a battle that occurred on the 22nd of July 1298. It is considered one of the major (most important) battles of the First Scottish War of Independence. In it,the English Army beat the Scottish Army.

References 

1298
13th century
Falkirk
Falkirk
Falkirk council area
History of Scotland
Halvard Hanevold (3 December 1969 – 3 September 2019) was a Norwegian biathlete. He was born in Asker, Norway. Hanevold won an Olympic gold medal at the 1998, 2002 and in 2010. He also won two  silver medals in 1998 and in 2006. He also won a bronze medal in 2006.

Hanevold died on 3 September 2019 in Asker at the age of 49.

References

Other websites
 Database Olympics

1969 births
2019 deaths
Norwegian Olympians
Olympic gold medalists
Olympic silver medalists
Olympic bronze medalists
Norwegian sportspeople
Ryszard Waldemar Czerniawski (20 August 1952 – 31 August 2019) was a Polish lawyer and economist. He worked as a journalist from 1976 to 1990 for the first at the Polish Press Agency and then at the weekly Prawo i Życie (Law and Life).

Between 1990 and 1991, he was head of the Legal Department within the Capital Markets Development Division at the Ministry of Privatisation; and from 1991 until 1994 a Director of the Legal Department at the Warsaw Stock Exchange, eventually becoming Vice-Chairman of the Board of the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 1994, where he worked until June 2006.

Czerniawski was born in Warsaw. He died on 31 August 2019 at the age of 67. His death was announced on 2 September.

References

Other websites
 Warsaw Stock Exchange
 list of articles connected with Ryszard Czerniawski from Gazeta.pl 

1952 births
2019 deaths
Polish economists
Polish journalists
Polish lawyers
Writers from Warsaw
Jaswant Singh (3 January 1938 – 27 September 2020) was an Indian politician. He was a founding member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He was one of India's longest serving parliamentarians, serving as a member of parliament between 1980 and 2014. 

He was the Minister of Finance, External Affairs and Defence. He was also Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission (1998–99). After his party lost power in 2004, Jaswant Singh w as Leader of Opposition in the Rajya Sabha from 2004 to 2009.

He was the candidate for Vice president in 2012. He lost the election to Hamid Ansari.

In the mid-2010s, Singh wrote a book praising Jinnah. As a result, he was expelled from the BJP on 29 March 2014 and was forced off any elections he was running in under the party. He lost the election to the candidate put up by his former party.

Singh was born in Jasol, Rajputana Agency, British India. He studied at the Indian Military Academy and at Mayo College.

On 7 August 2014, Singh suffered a fall in the bathroom of his home in New Delhi and suffered a serious head injury. He was hospitalized and was in a coma until his death on 27 September 2020. Singh died of cardiac arrest and multiple organ failure caused by injuries from the fall, aged 82.

References

Other websites
 

1938 births
2020 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Indian politicians
Indian writers

Indian Hindus
Linda Marion Dessau  (born 8 May 1953) has been the Governor of Victoria since 1 July 2015. She is the first female and the first Jewish holder of the office.

She was a judge of the Family Court of Australia from 1995 to 2013.

References

1953 births
Living people
Australian Jews
Governors of Victoria (Australia)
Australian judges
Politicians from Melbourne
Vicki Susan O'Halloran,  (born 20 June 1964) is an Australian businesswoman and community worker. She was CEO of Somerville Community Services in the Northern Territory from 1998 to 2017. On 31 October 2017, she was sworn in as the 22nd Administrator of the Northern Territory, replacing John Hardy.

References

1964 births
Living people
Administrators of the Northern Territory
People from Burnie, Tasmania
Ronald George "Ron" Harvey,  (born 9 June 1934) is a former senior Australian public servant and sport administrator. He was the third Director of the Australian Institute of Sport from 1987 until 1989. He was the Administrator of the Australian Indian Ocean Territories from 1997 through 1998.

References

1934 births
Living people
Administrators of the Australian Indian Ocean Territories
Politicians from Western Australia
José Freire Falcão (; 23 October 1925 – 26 September 2021) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic cardinal. He was the Archbishop of Brasília. He was also the Cardinal-Priest of San Luca a Via Prenestina when he was made a cardinal in 1988. He was born in Ererê, Brazil.

Freire Falcão died on 26 September 2021 at a hospital in Brasilia, Brazil from COVID-19, aged 95.

References

1925 births
2021 deaths
Brazilian people
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Henryk Roman Gulbinowicz (17 October 1923 – 16 November 2020) was a Polish prelate of the Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Wrocław from 1976 to 2004. Pope John Paul II made him a cardinal in 1985. Gulbinowicz was born in Wilno, Second Polish Republic.

Gulbinowicz died on 16 November 2020 in Wrocław, Poland from respiratory and heart failure caused by pneumonia, aged 97.

References

Other websites
 

Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Polish Roman Catholics
Deaths from respiratory failure
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from pneumonia
1923 births
2020 deaths
Jozef Tomko (born 11 March 1924) is a Slovak Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples from 1985 to 2001, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1985.

Tomko became the oldest living member of the College of Cardinals in July 2021, after the death of Albert Vanhoye.

References

1924 births
Living people
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Slovakian people
Paul Joseph Jean Poupard (born 30 August 1930) is a French prelate of the Catholic Church. He has been a Cardinal since 1985. He held job of the Roman Curia for more than 25 years, was President of the Pontifical Council for Culture from 1988 to 2007 and briefly as President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue. Poupard was born in Bouzillé, Maine-et-Loire.

References

Other websites
Bio
Speech - 27 June 2001 (Archived: 8 February 2007)
Pontifical Council for Culture (Dicastery presided over by Cardinal Poupard)

1930 births
Living people
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
French Roman Catholics
Friedrich Wetter (born 20 February 1928) is a German cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Munich and Freising, Germany, from 1982 to 2007. He was Bishop of Speyer from 1968 to 1982. Pope John Paul II made him a cardinal in 1985. Wetter was born in Landau (Rhineland-Palatinate).

References

Other websites
 

1927 births
Living people
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
German Roman Catholics
Christian Wiyghan Tumi (15 October 1930 – 2 April 2021) was a Cameroonian Cardinal Priest and the Archbishop Emeritus of Douala in the Catholic Church. Tumi is known as Santi Martiri dell'Uganda a Poggio Ameno. He was made cardinal on 28 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II, Cardinal Tumi was named the Archbishop of Douala on 31 August 1991.

Tumi died on 2 April 2021, aged 90.

References

1930 births
2021 deaths
Cameroonian people
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
An editorial, leading article (US) or leader (UK), is an article written by the senior editors of a newspaper or magazine. The article is often unsigned. Australian and major United States newspapers, such as The New York Times and The Boston Globe, often give editorials the heading "opinion".

Editorials can also be in the form of a cartoon.

The editors decide on which issues their readers will want to know the newspaper's opinion.

Editorials are usually published on a special page, called the editorial page. This often features letters to the editor from members of the public. The page opposite this page is called the op-ed page (opposite the editorial); and has opinion pieces by writers not employed by the publication.  However, a newspaper may choose to publish an editorial on the front page. In the English-language press, this occurs rarely and only on topics considered very important; it is more common, however, in some European countries such as Spain, Italy, and France.

Many newspapers do not put the name of the author on the editorial. Tom Clark, editorial writer for The Guardian, argues that it helps readers discuss the issue, not the author. On the other hand, an editorial does reflect the position of a newspaper and the head of the newspaper, the editor, is known by name. Whilst the editor will often not write the editorial themselves, they maintain oversight and retain responsibility.

When The Press, a New Zealand newspaper based in Christchurch, changed after 157 years from broadsheet to compact in 2018, they published a list of editorials where current thinking differs from opinions expressed at the time. One example was the change in their view on women's suffrage in New Zealand. The government gave women the vote in 1893, and the editorial said that women would "much prefer staying at home and attending to their household duties" than going to the polling booths.

In fashion publishing, the term is often used to refer to photo-editorials. These are often full-page photographs on a particular theme, designer, model or other single topic, with or (as in a photo-essay) without accompanying text.

Related pages
 Column (periodical)

References

Other websites

 Editorial Writing Examples

Newspapers
Journalism
{{Infobox rail service
| box_width   =
| name        = Southwest Chief
| logo        =
| logo_width  =
| image       = Southwest Chief at Devil's Throne, New Mexico.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption     = Amtrak's Southwest Chief at Devil's Throne in New Mexico
| type        = Long-distance higher speed rail
| status      = Operating
| locale      = Midwestern and Southwestern United States
| predecessor = Super Chief, El Capitan
| first       = 1974
| last        =
| operator    = Amtrak
| formeroperator=
| ridership   = 1,006 daily367,267 total (FY15)
| start       = Chicago, Illinois
| stops       = 31
| end         = Los Angeles, California
| distance    = 
| journeytime = 43 hours, 15 minutes
| frequency   = Daily each way
| class       = CoachSleeper
| access      = 
| seating     = Airline-style coach seating
| sleeping    = Superliner Roomette (2 beds)  Family Bedroom (4 beds)  Superliner Bedroom (2 beds)  Superliner Bedroom Suite (4 beds)  Superliner Accessible Bedroom (2 beds)
| autorack    =
| catering    = Dining car  On-board café
| observation = Sightseer Lounge Car
| entertainment=
| baggage     = Checked baggage (select stations)
| otherfacilities=
| stock       = P42 locomotives  Superliner cars
| gauge       = 
| el          =
| speed       =  maximum   average (including stops)
| map         = 
| map_state   = collapsed
| owners      = BNSF Railway
| trainnumber = 3 (Chicago to Los Angeles) Westbound4 (Los Angeles to Chicago) Eastbound
}}
The Southwest Chief (formerly the Southwest Limited and Super Chief) is a passenger train operated by Amtrak. It is on a  route that goes through the Midwestern and Southwestern United States. It goes between Chicago, Illinois and Los Angeles, California, going through Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and California.

During fiscal year 2018, the Southwest Chief carried 331,239 passengers. This was 8.8 percent less than it was from FY 2017. The route grossed $43,184,176 in revenue during FY 2018. This was 3.8 percent less than it was from FY 2017. Amtrak had plans for replacing the route between Albuquerque, New Mexico and Dodge City, Kansas with bus service. As of October 2018, these plans were canceled.

History
Accidents and incidents
On October 2, 1979, the Southwest Limited'' derailed (went off the rails) at Lawrence, Kansas. Of the 30 crew and 147 passengers on board, two people were killed and 69 were injured. The cause was too much speed on a curve. Other causes included an engineer that was not familiar with the route, and that a sign that said to slow down had been removed during track repairs.

References

Amtrak
Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives (called either delegates or resident commissioner, in the case of Puerto Rico) are representatives of their territory in the House of Representatives, but they can't vote on legislation in the full House. However, they are able to take part in certain other House activities. Non-voting members may vote in a House committee they are a member in, and they can introduce legislation. There are currently six non-voting members: a delegate representing the federal district of Washington D.C.,  a resident commissioner representing Puerto Rico, and one delegate for each of the other four US Territories with people: American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, District of Columbia, and the US Virgin Islands. A seventh delegate, representing the Cherokee Nation, has been formally proposed but not yet seated. Non-voting delegates are elected every two years. The Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico is elected every four years.

Current non-voting members

References

Other websites
 History and powers of DC's Delegate to Congress

United States House of Representatives
Jack Cust is a retired professional major league baseball player. He played for the Oakland Athletics.

Baseball players
Anthony James Gregor (April 2, 1929 – August 30, 2019) was an American educator, historian and political scientist. He was the Professor of Political Science Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley who was well known for his research on fascism, Marxism, and national security. Gregor was born in New York City.

Gregor died on August 30, 2019 at the age of 90.

References

Other websites

 Annotated bibliography – 1954 through 1998
 ResearchGate profile – With bibliography from 1961 through 2018

1929 births
2019 deaths
American historians
American political scientists
Educators from New York City
American political writers
Writers from New York City
Blanca Fernández Ochoa (22 April 1963 – 24 August 2019) was a World Cup alpine ski racer. She was born in Madrid, Spain. She competed in four Winter Olympics, from 1980 through 1992. She won a bronze medal in 1992.

Fernández Ochoa was reported as missing on 23 August 2019 and found dead on 4 September 2019 near La Peñota, in the Guadarrama Mountains.  She was 56.

References

1963 births
2019 deaths
Skiers
Accidental deaths from falls
Spanish Olympians
Olympic bronze medalists
Sportspeople from Madrid
Joana Sainz Garcia (1989 – September 1, 2019) was a Spanish singer, dancer, and songwriter from Madrid, Spain. She was killed in a stage explosion in September 2019.

Biography 
Sainz was raised in Santander, a port city on Spain’s north coast in the Cantabria region. She later moved to Suances, also in Cantabria. "The first time I saw her, when she came, I realized her virtues. She was a girl with a lot of energy, with a lot of desire. From the beginning, I saw her a dancer,” Sainz' teacher, Marta Rojo, told El Espanol. Rojo remembered that Sainz started formal dance training in 2010. 

Sainz was the principal dancer and chief choreographer of Spain’s Super Hollywood Orchestra. The group were known for their exciting performances which used many special effects, including fireworks.

Joana Sainz died on September 1, 2019 while performing in front of an audience of 1000 people, at a four day music festival at Las Berlanas. A pyrotechnic device used during the performance exploded next to her. She was struck in the stomach by a faulty cartridge used in the pyrotechnic device.

References

1989 births
2019 deaths
Murder victims
Spanish singers
The Western pattern diet, also called standard American diet, is a modern eating pattern. In the Western diet, processed meat, red meat, butter, fried foods, high-fat dairy products, refined grains, high fructose corn syrup and certain sugary drinks is common. The modern Western diet came by way of fundamental lifestyle changes after the Neolithic and Industrial Revolutions.

The opposite is a healthy diet. Healthy diets have higher servings of fruit, nuts, fish, poultry and vegetables.

A Western pattern diet is associated with an increased risk of being overweight or obese and diabetes mellitus.

References

Nutrition
is a Japanese politician. He was the President of the Liberal Democratic Party. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives from November 2003 until August 2009, when the LDP lost its majority in the 2009 election.

Kōno was speaker for the longest length since the set up of House of Representatives in 1890.
He was the president of the Japan Association of Athletics Federations from 1999 to 2013.

References

1937 births
Living people
Speakers of the House of Representatives (Japan)