cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Agilodocodon was a shrew-sized docodont from the Middle Jurassic. It is the earliest known tree-climbing mammal-like therapsid.

Agilodocodon scansorius was about 13 centimeters from head to tail, and weighed about 27 grams. Its appearance was similar to a squirrel, with a long snout, curved, horny claws and flexible ankle and wrist joints typical of modern arboreal mammals. The front teeth were spade-like, indicating that Agilodocodon scansorius could gnaw tree bark and eat gum or sap.

This interpretation is questioned by another palaeontologist. He thinks Agilodocodon'''s teeth "are quite different" from the modern sap-eating monkeys, and the long, thin lower jaw seems too weak for gnawing tree bark.

 Discovery 
The fossils of Agilodocodon scansorius, with  the mole-like Docofossor brachydactylus, were found by farmers in the Chinese Tiaojishan Formation. They were got and examined by the Beijing Museum of Natural History. The species Agilodocodon scansorius was reported in the journal Science'' in 2015.

References

Docodonts
Docodonta is an order or suborder of extinct mammaliaforms. They lived during the mid- to late-Mesozoic era.  

They had sophisticated molars, from which the suborder gets its name. In the fossil record, isolated teeth and bits of jawbones are found.  

Docodonts are not quite as closely related to the placentals and marsupials as the monotremes are, so they are not included among the  crown-group mammals. 

Because of their molars and their lower jaw being a single bone (the dentary), they are generally regarded as mammals. However, those authors who limit the term "Mammalia" to the (living) crown group exclude docodonts. They use the term mammaliaformes instead.

Docodonts were primarily herbivorous or insectivorous. However, Castorocauda, adapted to a semi-aquatic life, has teeth which suggest it ate fish.

Castorocauda is important because the first find was an almost complete skeleton (a real luxury in paleontology). It breaks the "small nocturnal insectivore" stereotype.
It was noticeably larger than most Mesozoic mammaliaform fossils, and gives absolutely certain evidence of hair and fur. Of course, this strongly suggests mammalian-type temperature regulation.

Related pages 
Agilodocodon
Castorocauda

References
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug is a 2013 epic fantasy and adventure movie. The movie is about Bilbo Baggins going with Thorin Oakenshield and his dwarves to reclaim Lonely Mountain from the dragon Smaug. Benedict Cumberbatch plays Smaug. Evangeline Lilly plays the elf Tauriel.

Ed Sheeran's "I See Fire" plays during the movie's end credits.

The movie took in over $960 million overall. This is more than both The Fellowship of the Ring and The Two Towers. It is the fourth highest-grossing film of 2013 and the 34th highest-grossing film of all time.

Reception worldwide 
Outside North America, The Desolation of Smaug was released  internationally on 16,405 screens. The film earned $135.4 million in its opening weekend. Its largest openings occurred in China ($33.0 million), Germany ($19.0 million) and the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta ($15.2 million). It topped the box office outside North America on four consecutive weekends and five in total. It is the highest-grossing film of 2013 in many European countries.

Cast
 Ian McKellen as Gandalf
 Martin Freeman as Bilbo Baggins
 Richard Armitage as Thorin
 Ken Stott as Balin
 Graham McTavish as Dwalin
 William Kircher as Bifur
 James Nesbitt as Bofur
 Stephen Hunter as Bombur
 Dean O'Gorman as Fili
 Aidan Turner as Kili
 John Callen as Oin
 Peter Hambleton as Gloin
 Jed Brophy as Nori
 Mark Hadlow as Dori
 Adam Brown as Ori
 Orlando Bloom as Legolas
 Evangeline Lilly as Tauriel
 Lee Pace as Thranduil
 Cate Blanchett as Galadriel
 Benedict Cumberbatch as Smaug/Necromancer
 Mikael Persbrandt as Beorn
 Sylvester McCoy as Radagast
 Antony Sher as Thrain
 Luke Evans as Bard the Bowman
 Stephen Fry as Master of Lake-town
 Ryan Gage as Alfrid
 John Bell as Bain
 Peggy Nesbitt as Sigrid
 Mary Nesbitt as Tilda
 Manu Bennett as Azog
 Lawrence Makoare as Bolg
 Ben Mitchell as Narzog
 Stephen Ure as Fimbul
 Craig Hall as Galion
 Robin Kerr as Elros
 Eli Kent as Lethuin
 Simon London as Feren

References

Other websites
 
 

2010s fantasy movies
2010s action movies
2013 movies
The Hobbit (movie series)
New Zealand movies
American fantasy movies
American action movies
Movies directed by Peter Jackson
New Line Cinema movies
Prequel movies
Screenplays by Guillermo del Toro
The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies is a 2014 action, fantasy and adventure movie. It is about the dwarves and Bilbo having accidentally released the dragon Smaug. Bard the Bowman breaks out of prison and fights Smaug. Lee Pace plays Thranduil. Orlando Bloom plays Legolas. Evangeline Lilly plays Tauriel. Christopher Lee plays Saruman. Hugo Weaving plays Elrond. Cate Blanchett plays Galadriel.

The movie took in over $939 million overall. It got very positive reviews from critics.

Cast
 Ian McKellen as Gandalf
 Martin Freeman as Bilbo Baggins
 Richard Armitage as Thorin
 Ken Stott as Balin
 Graham McTavish as Dwalin
 William Kircher as Bifur
 James Nesbitt as Bofur
 Stephen Hunter as Bombur
 Dean O'Gorman as Fili
 Aidan Turner as Kili
 John Callen as Oin
 Peter Hambleton as Gloin
 Jed Brophy as Nori
 Mark Hadlow as Dori
 Adam Brown as Ori
 Orlando Bloom as Legolas
 Evangeline Lilly as Tauriel
 Lee Pace as Thranduil
 Cate Blanchett as Galadriel
 Hugo Weaving as Elrond
 Christopher Lee as Saruman
 Ian Holm as Old Bilbo
 Benedict Cumberbatch as Smaug/Necromancer
 Mikael Persbrandt as Beorn
 Sylvester McCoy as Radagast
 Luke Evans as Bard the Bowman
 Stephen Fry as Master of Lake-town
 Ryan Gage as Alfrid
 John Bell as Bain
 Peggy Nesbitt as Sigrid
 Mary Nesbitt as Tilda
 Manu Bennett as Azog
 John Tui as Bolg
 Billy Connolly as Dain
 Simon London as Feren
 Conan Stevens as Keeper of the Dungeons
 Allan Smith as Ragash

Other websites

2010s fantasy movies
2010s action movies
2014 movies
New Zealand movies
American fantasy movies
American action movies
The Hobbit (movie series)
Movies directed by Peter Jackson
New Line Cinema movies
Prequel movies
Screenplays by Guillermo del Toro
Antoine de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme, also called Antoine of Navarre (22 April 1518 – 17 November 1562) was the King of Navarre through his marriage (jure uxoris) to Queen Jeanne III, from 1555 until his death. He was the founder of the Royal House of Bourbon. Antoine was the father of Henry IV of France.

References 

1518 births
1562 deaths
House of Bourbon
"I See Fire" is a song from the movie The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug. It is played during the end credits. It was performed by Ed Sheeran. The song hit #1 in New Zealand.

The song was released in November 2013.

References

Pop songs
2013 songs
Assistant Secretary is a title used by politicians or government officials in certain countries. These are often junior ministers assigned to a specific cabinet minister.

Australia
The level of Assistant Secretary is a position in the Government of Australia (also referred to as the Australian Government, Commonwealth Government or the Australian Federal Government). The position falls under the Australian Public Service Act 1999, and holds the level of Senior Executive Service (SES) Level Band 1. The position also holds several other titles such as: Branch Head, National Manager, Group Manager, and Executive Director.

Ireland
The grade of Assistant Secretary is a position in the Irish Civil Service. It is very similar to its British counterpart. It may now be called a different name, depending on the department or office.

The Netherlands
An Assistant Secretary (in Dutch: "staatssecretaris") assists a specific minister. Each assistant secretary works in a particular department of the government, and helps the minister of that department.

United States
In the United States, the rank of Assistant Secretary is a high level civilian official within the United States federal government. They are an official of sub-Cabinet rank. Assistant Secretaries are appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate. They are assigned to assist a specific cabinet secretary.

References 

Government
Anne Cuneo (September 1936 – 11 February 2015) was a French-born Swiss journalist, novelist, theatre and movie director and screenwriter.

She was born in Paris. She studied in Lausanne. Her first novel came in 1967 and was called Gravé au diamant. In 1979 she received the lesser prize of the Schweizerische Schillerstiftung and by 1987 she worked for Télévision Suisse Romande.

References

1936 births
2015 deaths
French journalists
French screenwriters
French movie directors
Swiss screenwriters
Swiss movie directors
Writers from Paris
Swiss theatre directors
French theatre directors
Willem "Wim" Ruska (29 August 1940 – 14 February 2015) was a Dutch judoka. He was the only athlete to win two judo medals in one Olympics – in the heavyweight and absolute categories in 1972.

Ruska was admitted to a nursing home in 2014, he died on 14 February 2015, aged 74.

References

1940 births
2015 deaths
Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Amsterdam
Franjo Mihalić (; March 9, 1920 – February 14, 2015) was a Croatian Yugoslav long-distance runner. He was best known for his 1958 win at the Boston Marathon and his marathon silver medal in the 1956 Summer Olympics. 

1920 births
2015 deaths
Croatian sportspeople
Olympic silver medalists
Yugoslavian sportspeople
Marko Brainović (born 17 July 1920) is a Croatian water polo player. He competed for Yugoslavia in the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal in 1952.

References

Other websites
profile 

1920 births
Living people
Croatian sportspeople
Olympic silver medalists
Yugoslavian sportspeople
1952 Summer Olympics
The Kingodom of Navarre was a small kingdom in Europe. It was independent from 841 to 1820. The kingdom was roughly in the Basque Country on both sides of the Pyrenees mountains. In 1512, it was split into two parts:  a Spanish part and a French part. In 1620, the French part, called Lower Navarre, became part of France. The Spanish part was independent until 1820. The capital of the kingdom was Pamplona.

References

History of France
History of Europe
16th century in Spain
17th century in Spain
18th century in Spain
19th century in Spain
Sanitation means dealing with human waste (feces and urine) safely . It also includes ways to maintain hygiene by disposing of garbage, treating wastewater and managing hazardous waste. Sanitation is important because it helps prevent the spread of germs and diseases. In past centuries it meant "health" and later "cleanliness". 

In poor countries, many people have poor sanitation because they do not have good toilets. They also do not have good sewage systems. In developed countries, people usually have good sanitation because they have a sewage system to filter disease and toxins from the water. The use of toilets protects the health of a community by keeping germs out of the environment.

There are also other types of toilets that are more economical, better for the environment, and do not need big sewer systems or wastewater treatment plants. Examples are dry toilets and twin-pit pour-flush toilets (of which many have been installed in India).

References

Waste management
Robert Elliot "Bob" Kahn (born December 23, 1938) is an American electrical engineer. Along with Vint Cerf, he invented the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), the fundamental communication protocols at the heart of the Internet.

Other websites

 DBLP Listing of some of Kahn's works
 Biography of Kahn from IEEE
 Oral history interview with Robert E. Kahn, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Focuses on Kahn's role in the development of computer networking from 1967 through the early 1980s. Beginning with his work at Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN), Kahn discusses his involvement as the ARPANET proposal was being written, his decision to become active in its implementation, and his role in the public demonstration of the ARPANET. The interview continues into Kahn's involvement with networking when he moves to IPTO in 1972, where he was responsible for the administrative and technical evolution of the ARPANET, including programs in packet radio, the development of a new network protocol (TCP/IP), and the switch to TCP/IP to connect multiple networks.

Turing Award winners
1938 births
Living people
American computer scientists
Scientists from New York City
Oliver Rackham (17 October 1939 – 12 February 2015) was a British academic. He studied the British countryside, especially trees, woodlands and wood pasture, Rackham wrote a number of books, including The History of the Countryside (1986) and one on Hatfield Forest.

He died on 12 February 2015 at the age of 75.

References

1939 births
2015 deaths
British educators
British writers
People from Norwich
Bess Myerson (July 16, 1924 – December 14, 2014) was an American model and television actress. She was also a former Miss America 1945. She was the only Jewish Miss America. She won the pageant not long after World War II ended.

She was seen often on television in the 1950s and 1960s.

She became a city commissioner in 1969. Her career, however, stalled in the late 1980s due to scandal.

Myerson was born in The Bronx, New York City. She had ovarian cancer in th 1970s and dementia at the end of her life. She died in Santa Monica, California, aged ninety.

References

American Jews
American television actors
Cancer survivors
Miss America winners
Models from the Bronx
1924 births
Living people
Eryops  is a genus of extinct, semi-aquatic temnospondyl.

They are found mostly in the Lower Permian-aged (about 295 million years ago) red beds of Texas. Fossils are also found in New Mexico and parts of the eastern United States. Eryops also occurs in older Pennsylvanian strata of the Conemaugh Group in West Virginia 

Eryops averaged a little over 1.5-2.0 meters (5–6.5 ft) long, so it was one of the largest land animals of its time.  It weighed about 90 kilograms (200 lb). It probably had few predators, although the apex predator of the time was the synapsid Dimetrodon, which was even larger. Several complete skeletons of Eryops have been found in the Lower Permian, but skull bones and teeth are the most common fossils.

Eryops was better adapted to a terrestrial environment than its ancestors. Sturdy limbs and a strong spine supported the body while out of water.

References 

Amphibians
Fossils
Bryan Henderson is an American Wikipedia editor. He is known for changing "comprised of" on the English Wikipedia. On Wikipedia, his user name is "Giraffedata". In February 2015, his edits for changing "comprised of" became national news in the US. Most media coverage liked his edits as a "unique effort for correctness", while others criticized it as being wrong. By August 2010, Henderson removed all – around 18,000 – occurrences of the term. He continues to monitor new content for instances of "comprised of" and removes them, except when occurring within a quotation. As per Wikipedia logs, he has made over 47,000 edits to the English Wikipedia.

His brother is Robin Henderson. He is older than Bryan. Robin also edits Wikipedia. He changes instances of "based around". He usually chhanges them to "based on".

References

Further reading

Other websites
Bryan Henderson's personal page on English Wikipedia explaining the reasons and motivations for his work

1966 births
Living people
People from Olympia, Washington
Wikipedia people
Naseer H. Aruri (7 January 1934 – 10 February 2015) was a Palestinian scholar-activist. He was an expert on Middle East politics, U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East and human rights. He was born in Jerusalem. 

Aruri was a Chancellor Professor (Emeritus) of Political Science, having served on the faculty of the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth from 1965-1998. 

Aruri died of Parkinson's disease at the age of 81.

Other websites
 Profile of Naseer Aruri at the Institute for Middle East Understanding 
 "Naseer Aruri to speak at UW-Eau Claire forum", University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, 29 October 2001 
 "Personality: Naseer Aruri", The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, June 1987
 Biography of Naseer Aruri at Selves and Others 

1934 births
2015 deaths
American academics
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Palestinian people
People from Jerusalem
The 2015 Copenhagen attacks were two spree shootings in Copenhagen, Denmark, starting in the afternoon of 14 February 2015.

References

Other websites

2015 in Europe
2010s in Denmark
21st century in Copenhagen
February 2015 events
Islamic terrorist incidents in Europe
Islamic terrorist incidents in the 2010s
Murder in 2015
Murder in Europe
Murders by firearm
Terrorist incidents in 2015
Terrorist incidents in Europe in the 2010s
James Hoyt Wilhelm (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed "Old Sarge", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. Wilhelm played with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers. He played between 1952 and 1972. He was the first relief pitcher in the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Wilhelm did not enter the major leagues until his late twenties. He fought in World War II before playing Major League Baseball. He was known to throw a knuckleball. He sometimes played as a starting pitcher but most of the time played as a relief pitcher. Wilhem won 124 games which is more than any other relief pitcher. He was also the first pitcher to reach 200 saves and play in 1,000 games.  

He pitched until he was almost 50 years old. Wilhelm retired with one of the lowest career earned run averages in baseball history. Wilhelm coached the New York Yankees and Atlanta Braves many years after his retirement. He was a resident of Sarasota, Florida for a long time and died in a nursing home of heart failure in 2002.

Early Life
Wilhem was born on July 26, 1922, in Huntersville, North Carolina. His parents, John and Ethel (née Stanley) Wilhelm, were tenant farmers and had eleven children. He played baseball at Cornelius High School in Cornelius, North Carolina. There he started trying to throw the knuckleball. Because he could not throw very fast, he thought that being able to throw a knuckleball would make him successful. He used a tennis ball to practice.

Wilhem started playing Minor League Baseball in 1942. He served in the United States Army during World War II. Wilhem fought in the Battle of the Bulge and was wounded. He also earned the Purple Heart award. In the military, Wilhem reached the rank of staff sergeant. He was nicknamed "Old Sarge" because he served in the military.

After serving in the military, he returned to playing minor league baseball in 1946. The New York Giants drafted Wilhem in the 1947 minor league draft. This is when he started playing in the major leagues.

References

1922 births
2002 deaths
Sportspeople from North Carolina
New York Giants (NL) players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Cleveland Indians players
Baltimore Orioles players
Chicago White Sox players
California Angels players
Atlanta Braves players
Chicago Cubs players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
Michele Ferrero () (26 April 1925 – 14 February 2015) was an Italian businessman.

He was born in Dogliani, Piedmont, the son of Pietro Ferrero. He had two sons: Pietro Ferrero Jr. and Giovanni Ferrero.

He was the owner of the eponymous chocolate maker Ferrero SpA, one of Europe's largest with estimated 2012 sales of $19 billion. This made Ferrero the richest man in Italy and one of the richest in Europe.

1925 births
2015 deaths
Italian businesspeople
People from Piedmont
Halmstad BTK is a table tennis club in Halmstad, Sweden. It was established on 27 October 1937. The club won the Swedish national men's team championship in 1993 and 2003 and the Swedish women's national team championship in 1991, 1992, 1995 and 1996. Jörgen Persson and Åsa Svensson have played for the club.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1937 establishments in Europe
Table tennis clubs in Sweden
1930s establishments in Sweden
Ängby SK is a sports club in Vällingby in Sweden. It was established in 1956. The club won the Swedish national men's table tennis team championship in the years of 1992 and 1995. The women's team won the Swedish national championship during the season of 2014-2015. Jan-Ove Waldner and Mikael Appelgren have played for the club.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1956 establishments in Sweden
Sport in Stockholm
Table tennis clubs in Sweden
Lyckeby BTK is a table tennis club in Lyckeby in the town of Karlskrona in Sweden. it was established on 16 December 1946. The club won the Swedish national women's team championship in the years of 1994 and 1997. The club was known as Lösens BTK up to 1995.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1946 establishments in Europe
Table tennis clubs in Sweden
1940s establishments in Sweden
Putty is a squeezy dough-like material used for filling small spaces. It is often used for woodwork repair. Painters use it to fill holes and cracks in wood. Fireproof putties can be used round electrical boxes in drywall setups. 

Plumber's putty is waterproof, used to make watertight seals in plumbing. Putty is always used for traditional glazing. It fixes and seal panes of glass into wooden frames (or sashes). PVC and metal window frames use synthetic sealants such as silicone. 

Glazing putty is traditionally made by mixing a base of whiting (finely ground chalk) with linseed oil in various proportions. In woodworking, water-based putties are more often used: they have no odour, and are easy to clean up. They work just as well with water-based and latex sealers. There are now synthetic putties of various types. There are epoxy (two-part) putties which dry hard as iron, and holes can be drilled in if needed.

Materials
Öråns SK is a sports club in the town of Lycksele in Sweden. It was established in 1970, The club won the Swedish national women's team table tennis championship during the season of 1998-1999.

References

Table tennis clubs in Sweden
Floorball clubs in Sweden
Ski clubs in Sweden
Athletics clubs
1970 establishments in Sweden
Jonathan Klein was president of Cable News Network (CNN) for 6 years. He was fired in 2010. He was replaced by Ken Jautz, leader of CNN's sister network, CNN Headline News. Klein hired Eliot Spitzer as a talk show host. He fired Larry King and replaced him with Piers Morgan. While at CNN, he tried to hire Keith Olbermann away from NBC's cable news channel MSNBC. CNN exceutive Jim Walton did not want that, and it did not happen.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
CNN people
Aaron Brown  (born November 10, 1948) is an American broadcast journalist. He anchored Newsnight with Aaron Brown, CNN's main newscast. He is noted for his reporting of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center. Previously he worked at ABC News as a weekend news anchor. He was a local television reporter in Seattle prior to this. Brown is now a professor of journalism at Arizona State University.

References

CNN people
Living people
American television news anchors
1948 births
Johan Jüngling, born 1977, is a Swedish former squash player. He represented Växjö SK and lived in the town of Jönköping. He represented Sweden at several European championships and world championships.

He played for the Swedish national team for 10 years and was ranked number-one in Sweden. He won the Swedish national championship eight times as a junior. As a senior he bcame Swedish national champion four times. He also won the Andalucian team championship in 2005.

References

1977 births
Living people
Swedish sportspeople
Squash (sport)
The Chocolate Hills  are a geological formation in Bohol Province, Philippines. There are at least 1,260 hills (and maybe more) spread over an area of more than . They are covered in green grass that turns brown (like chocolate) during the dry season, hence the name.

The Chocolate Hills are a famous tourist attraction of Bohol. They are on the provincial flag and seal as natural attractions of the province. They are in the Philippine Tourism Authority's list of tourist destinations in the Philippines. They have been declared the country's third National Geological Monument and proposed for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The Chocolate Hills are conical karst hills similar to those seen in the limestone regions of Slovenia, Croatia, northern Puerto Rico, and Pinar del Río Province, Cuba. They probably started as corals growing in a warm, shallow sea about two million years ago. The hills consist of sandy to rubbly marine limestones. These limestones contain abundant fossils of foraminifera, coral, molluscs, and algae. These conical hills were created by limestone dissolving in rainfall and groundwater. There was erosion by rivers and streams after they were lifted above sea level. The hills are separated by flat plains and have numerous caves and springs. The Chocolate Hills are a remarkable example of conical karst topography.

References 

Geography of the Philippines
Carbonate rocks
National parks in Asia
William Kristol (born December 23, 1952) is an American political analyst and commentator. He was the editor and publisher of the political magazine The Weekly Standard until it closed. Kristol was a Fox News political analyst until friction with Fox News Chief Executive Officer Roger Ailes caused him to switch to the news division of ABC, where he is a political analyst.

Personal life
Since 1975, he has been married to Susan Scheinberg. They met while they were both graduate students at Harvard. Scheinberg is a Ph.D. in classics. They have three children. Their daughter Anne is married to writer Matthew Continetti. Continetti is editor-in-chief of The Washington Free Beacon. Their son Joseph served in the U.S. Marine Corps in Afghanistan and worked for the management consulting company McKinsey & Company. He started working as legislative director for Senator Tom Cotton in 2018. Kristol lives in Northern Virginia.

His father was neoconservative icon Irving Kristol and his mother was political historian Gertrude Himmelfarb.

References 

1952 births
Living people
American journalists
American political commentators
Fox News people
Raosaheb Ramrao Patil, better known as R. R. Patil () (16 August 1957 – 16 February 2015), was an Indian politician from the state of Maharashtra. He was a leader of the Nationalist Congress Party. He became Home Minister of Maharashtra. He was also the former Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra. He won assembly election from Tasgaon Constituency.

1957 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in India
Civil servants
Deaths from oral cancer
Indian politicians
Uri Shraga Orbach, Hebrew: אורי שרגא אורבך , (March 28, 1960 – February 16, 2015) was an Israeli Religious Zionist writer, journalist and politician. He served as a Member of Knesset for The Jewish Home party and as Pensioner Affairs Minister.

Orbach was born in Petah Tikva and died of blood disease in Jerusalem, aged 54.

References

Other websites 
  Bio at the Knesset Website

1960 births
2015 deaths
Children's writers
Deaths from blood disease
Disease-related deaths in Israel
Former Members of Knesset
Government ministers of Israel
Israeli journalists
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish Israeli writers
People from Petah Tikva
John Davies (25 April 1938 – 16 February 2015) was  a Welsh historian, and a television and radio broadcaster. He worked for the BBC during his entire career.

Davies died at the age of 76.

Books
Cardiff and the Marquesses of Bute, (Writers of Wales), University of Wales Press, January 1980, 
A History of Wales, Penguin, 1994,  (Revised edition 2007, )
Broadcasting and the BBC in Wales, University of Wales Press, 1994, 
The Making of Wales, The History Press, 2nd edition printing: Oct 1, 2009, 
The Celts, Cassell & Co, 2000  
The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales, University of Wales Press, April 17, 2008, 
Wales: 100 Places to See Before You Die (with Marian Delyth), Y Lolfa, 2010,

References

1938 births
2015 deaths
British historians
British television presenters
Writers from Glamorgan
Margaret D. H. Keane (born Peggy Doris Hawkins; September 15, 1927) is an American artist. She mainly paints women, children, and animals in oil or mixed media. 

Keane's works are recognizable by the big, doe-like eyes of her subjects.

In the 1960s, her artwork was sold under the name of her husband, Walter Keane, who claimed credit for it. They went to court and Margaret won the case.

References

1927 births
Living people
American painters
People from Nashville, Tennessee
A pyramidion (plural pyramidia) is the very top piece of an Egyptian pyramid. They were called benbenet in the Ancient Egyptian language.  In Egypt's Old Kingdom, pyramidia were made of diorite, granite, or limestone. These were then covered in gold or electrum. The gold would reflect the rays of the sun. In later times they were made from granite which had royal titles and religious symbols cut into them.

Very few pyramidia still exist. Most of those that have are made of polished black granite, with the name of the pyramid's owner cut into them. There are four pyramidia on show in the main hall of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. They include the pyramidia from the Black Pyramid of Amenemhat III at Dahshur and the Pyramid of Khendjer at Saqqara.

A badly damaged white Tura limestone pyramidion is thought to have been made for the Red Pyramid of Sneferu at Dahshur. It has been rebuilt and put on show at the side of the pyramid. However it does not match, as its angles are steeper than that of the sides of the pyramid.

Private brick pyramids with pyramidia 

During the New Kingdom, some private underground tombs had a small brick pyramid built on top of them. These pyramids were topped with a pyramidia. The four sides included texts and scenes about the cult of the Sun god Ra.

The scenes usually show the course of the sun. It is shown rising on one side, and setting on the opposite side, and traveling, through the night, through the underworld, ruled by Osiris.

Scribe Moses pyramidion

The pyramidion of the scribe Moses was made about 1250 BC from limestone. It is 53 cm tall and shows him making an offering, with his name, on two opposite sides. The other two sides show a baboon which represents the god Thoth.

Ptahemwia pyramidion
The pyramidion of Ptahemwia was made about 1200 BC, from limestone. It is 28 cm wide and 42 cm tall, and shows sun-related scenes. The Sun god, Ra, and the god of the Underworld, Osiris, are shown on one side. On another side is Ptahemwia, standing in an offering pose, facing three columns of hieroglyphs.

Related pages
Washington Monument, which has a solid aluminum pyramidion that serves as a lightning rod.

References

Other websites

 Transporting the pyramidion to the top of the Khufu-Pyramid

Ancient Egypt
Architectural elements
The University of the Humanities   is a public university in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The Mongolian name is Хүмүүнлэгийн ухааны их сургууль. It has undergraduate and graduate programs. Fields of study include foreign languages, translation, education, journalism, computer science, economics and  business.

The school is in downtown Ulaanbaatar at Grand Chinggis Khaan Square. The university is accredited by the Mongolian National Council for Education Accreditation.

References

Other websites
 in English

Ulan Bator
Colleges and universities in Asia
Establishments in Mongolia
Frank Lloyd (2 February 1886 – 10 August 1960) was a Scottish-American movie director, scriptwriter and producer. Lloyd was among the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and its president between 1934 and 1935.

References

1886 births
1960 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Scottish writers
American movie directors
American movie producers
American screenwriters
People from Glasgow
Saqqara (), or Sakkara, is a vast ancient burial ground in Egypt,   in area.  It was the necropolis for the Ancient Egyptian capital, Memphis.  Saqqara has numerous pyramids, including the world famous Pyramid of Djoser. This is sometimes referred to as the Step Tomb due to its rectangular base, and its 'steps' (mastabas: the Arabic word for 'bench'). It is about  south of Cairo.

Djoser's pyramid is the oldest complete stone building complex known. It was built in the Third Dynasty. Another 16 Egyptian kings built pyramids at Saqqara: these pyramids are now in various states of preservation. High officials added private funeral monuments to this necropolis during the whole pharaonic period. It was an important complex for non-royal burials and cult ceremonies for more than 3,000 years, well into Ptolemaic and Roman times.

In 2018, an undisturbed tomb was discovered. It is believed to be the tomb of the royal priest Wahtye. The intact interior includes figures with colors on sculptures and wall carvings.

The area from Giza to Dahshur was made a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979. The official name is "Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur". 

Some scholars think the name 'Saqqara' is not taken from the ancient Egyptian funerary god Sokar, but from a supposed local Berber Tribe called Beni Saqqar.

References 

Ancient Egypt
World Heritage Sites in Egypt
The Bramble Cay melomys, or Bramble Cay mosaic-tailed rat (Melomys rubicola), is an extinct species of rodent in the family Muridae.  While it was similar to the Cape York melomys it had some protein differences and a coarser tail. It was genetically different to species from Australia and New Guinea. It lived in burrows it had dug among plants, or under branches and leaves on the ground. It was a nocturnal animal, and scientists believe it was a vegetarian.

The Bramble Cay melomys was known only from a small population in Bramble Cay, a vegetated coral cay of . The cay is in the eastern part of Torres Strait, off the northern tip of Australia. It is only 50 km from New Guinea. The melomys were probably trapped on the island by rising sea levels after the last ice age. It is also possible to have come from the Fly River, perhaps floating on branches. Scientists do not know much about the animals that live in the Fly River area.

In the 1800s, there were lots of melomys on the island. A search in 1998 found 42 animals. Another search in 2002 found 10 animals. In 2004 a search found 12, but the melomys have not been seen since. During this time, the sea level has risen, making the island smaller, and turtles and sea birds have eaten most of the plants. Scientists believe the Bramble Cay melomys is extinct. It is possible that the species may be found on nearby islands as many of these have never been searched. However, in June 2016, researchers from  Queensland's Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, and the University of Queensland reported that the species had indeed become extinct.

References

Mammals of Australia
Old World rats and mice
Aleksandr Remmovich Melentyev (, born June 27, 1954 in Penza, died Feb 16, 2015 in Bishkek) was a Soviet/Kyrgyz sport shooter. He competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics (where he won a gold medal) and in the 1988 Summer Olympics.

Other websites

1954 births
2015 deaths
1980 Summer Olympics
1988 Summer Olympics
Kyrgyzstani people
Russian sportspeople
Soviet Olympic gold medalists
Soviet sportspeople
Sport shooters
Heinrich Windelen (25 June 1921 in Bolkenhain - 16 February 2015 in Warendorf) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union. He served as a Member of the Bundestag from 1957 to 1990, and as Federal Minister for Displaced Persons, Refugees and War Victims in the Cabinet Kiesinger in 1969 and as Federal Minister of Intra-German Relations in the Cabinet Kohl II from 1983 to 1987.

References

1921 births
2015 deaths
Former members of the German Bundestag
Government ministers of Germany
People from former German territories
Politicians of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany
{{Infobox person
| name          = Stephen Furst
| image         = Stephen Furst by Gage Skidmore.jpg
| image_size    = 220px
| caption       = Stephen Furst in 2013.
| birth_name    = Stephen Nelson Feuerstein
| birth_date    = 
| birth_place   = Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.
| death_date    = 
| death_place   = Moorpark, California, U.S.
| death_cause  = Complications of diabetes
| occupation    = Actor, director
| years_active  = 1975–2006
| known_for     = "Vir Cotto" in Babylon 5"Dr. Axelrod" in St. Elsewhere"Flounder" in Animal House| spouse        = Lorraine Wright(m. 1976–2017; 2 children)
| website       = 
}}
Stephen Furst (May 8, 1954 – June 16, 2017) was an American actor. He played Kent in National Lampoon's Animal House''. He also acted in other movies and other television shows.

On June 16, 2017, Furst died from complications related to diabetes at his home in Moorpark, California, at age 63.

References

Actors from Virginia
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
American voice actors
People from Norfolk, Virginia
Deaths from diabetes
Disease-related deaths in California
1955 births
2017 deaths
Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium is a public aquarium located in the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, USA. It holds over 10,000 aquatic creatures. This includes a large collection of sharks, sea turtles, stingrays and fresh water fish.  The  aquarium also features sea turtles, octopuses, and lobsters. Freshwater exhibits include game fish from the northern United States. There are several giant catfish and a  alligator gar. The aquarium has 30 tanks. The aquarium includes a  clear acrylic tunnel. It has the "world's largest jellyfish collection" and the "world's largest underground shark exhibit".

References 

Aquariums
Minnesota
Claude Criquielion (11 January 1957 – 18 February 2015) was a  Belgian professional road bicycle racer. He raced between 1979 and 1990. In 1984, Criquielion became the world road race champion in Barcelona, Spain on a gruelling course.  He had five top-ten finishes in the Tour de France.

Other websites
Official Tour de France results for Claude Criquielion
Palmares on Cycling Base (French) 

1957 births
2015 deaths
Belgian cyclists
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Belgium
Deaths from stroke
People from Hainaut (province)
Tour de France cyclists
Thomas Cass Ballenger (December 6, 1926 – February 18, 2015) was an American politician. He was a Republican. He represented North Carolina's 10th Congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1986 to 2005.

1926 births
2015 deaths
United States representatives from North Carolina
US Republican Party politicians
The peanut butter and jelly sandwich or PB&J is a sandwich, popular in North America. It has a layer of peanut butter and either jelly or jam usually on 2 slices of bread.

Peanut Butter and Jelly sandwiches have around 376 calories.

Popularity 
Peanut Butter and Jelly sandwiches are popular in schools. On April 2, 2016, it is revealed most people may eat almost 3,000 peanut butter and jelly sandwiches.

References

Other websites

Sandwiches
Amor à Vida (Trail of Lies) is a Brazilian telenovela. It is produced by Rede Globo. It was Written by Walcyr Carrasco. It's stars include Paolla Oliveira, Mateus Solano and Juliano Cazarré.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

2013 television series debuts
Telenovelas
Brazilian television series
21st-century establishments in Brazil
Marianne Berglund, born 23 June 1963 in Skellefteå, Sweden is a Swedish former road racing cyclinst. She won the women's road race during the UCI Road World Championships in Altenrhein, Switzerland on 3 September. She has also won the Tour of Texas. She won the first edition of Tjejtrampet in the year of 1990.

References

Other websites
 Radsportseiten 

1963 births
Living people
Swedish sportspeople
Örkelljunga VK is a volleyball club in Örkelljunga in Sweden. It was established in August 1982. The club won the Swedish men's national championship in the years of 1999 2002, 2003 and 2004.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1982 establishments in Sweden
Volleyball clubs in Sweden
Hylte VBK is a volleyball club in Hyltebruk, Sweden. It was established in 1980. The club won the Swedish men's national championship in the years of 1995, 1996 2000, 2001, 2005, 2006, 2013 and 2018. The women's team won the Swedish national championship in 2014.

References

Other websites
Official website  

1980 establishments in Sweden
Volleyball clubs in Sweden
Innuendo is the first single from the 1991 album Innuendo, by the English rock band Queen. This single is one of the longest released by Queen. The video is contains animation and clips from other Queen songs, like "The Miracle", "Breakthru", "The Invisible Man", "Scandal" and "I Want It All". The single "Innuendo" reached #1 on the UK Singles Chart in 1991.

Music video

A very elaborate music video was created to accompany the single and released on 20 December 1990, combining stop motion animation with rotoscoping and featuring creepy dolls in a detailed miniature cinema set. The band members only appear as illustrations and images, mainly taken from earlier Queen music videos (such as "The Miracle", "Scandal", "Breakthru", "The Invisible Man", "I Want It All", and clips from "Live at Wembley Stadium 1986"), on a cinema screen in the same manner as in the film Nineteen Eighty-Four, with Mercury drawn in the style of Leonardo da Vinci, May in the style of Victorian etchings, Taylor in the style of Jackson Pollock, and Deacon in the style of Pablo Picasso. It also featured a montage of historical stock footages. The interlude of Flamenco music showed some claymation figures of jesters, tumbling, clapping and juggling, which were animated by Klaybow Films. The video won production company DoRo (who also produced the videos to all other singles from the Innuendo album) a Monitor Award for Best Achievement in Music Video.

People 

 Freddie Mercury - lead and backing vocals, keyboards
 Brian May - electric and classical guitars
 Roger Taylor - drums, percussion
 John Deacon - bass guitar
 Steve Howe - Spanish guitar solo
 David Richards - keyboards

Certifications

Chart

References

Other websites
 Lyrics at Queen official website

1990 songs
Queen songs
Catharina "Cathy" Ubels-Veen (28 October 1928 – 17 February 2015) was a Dutch politician. She was a member of the Second Chamber of the Netherlands for the Evangelical People's Party between 1982 and 1986.

Ubels-Veen  died in Amsterdam, aged 86.

References
  Bio at Parlement.com

1928 births
2015 deaths
Anti-Revolutionary Party politicians
Christian Democratic Appeal politicians
Dutch Calvinists
Dutch civil servants
Dutch councillors
Dutch women politicians
Former leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
People from Kampen
Politicians from Overijssel
Ernest Joachim Sternglass (September 24, 1923 – February 12, 2015) was an German-American physicist and writer. He was the emeritus professor at the University of Pittsburgh and Director of the Radiation and Public Health Project.

Sternglass was best known for his controversial research on the health risks of low-level radiation from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons and from nuclear power plants.

Sternglass died in Ithaca, New York from heart failure, aged 91.

References

Other websites
 Radiation and Public Health Project website 
 1992 interview
 Dr. Sternglass' book Secret Fallout is available as a free download. (April 2006)
 Criticism of Sternglass' findings by Robert Holloway  of Nevada Technical Associates, Inc.
 Pauling on 1958 petition signed by 2,000 American scientists

1923 births
2015 deaths
Educators from New York
American physicists
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York
Deaths from heart failure
Naturalized citizens of the United States
German physicists
Scientists from Berlin
Scientists from New York
Writers from Berlin
Writers from New York
Kvinnliga IK Sport is a sports club in Gothenburg in Sweden. Just as the name says the club only runs women's activity. Since the late 1970s men are however allowed to be board members. The club nowadays only runs handball activity., The handball team won 14 Swedish national indoor championship titles between 1951 and 1972 (1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1964, 1969, 1971 and 1972). Earlier the club even ran cycling, gymnastics, track and field athletics, speedskating and orienteering.

References

Other websites
 Official website  

1927 establishments in Sweden
Handball clubs in Sweden
Gothenburg
Hickory is a city in Catawba County, North Carolina, United States. It had a population of 365,497 as of 2010.

References

Cities in North Carolina
Kabe sommarland or just Kabeland was a summertime-based amusement park in the town of Jönköping in Sweden. What once was a summer park is now deserted and ruined. It was located at Haga near the Jönköping paintball park.

The facility was built by KABE Husvagnar AB back in the early 1980s. The park was opened in 1984 by Gösta Gunnarsson. He was back then Jönköping County governor. The first years were successful. By the early 1990s economic recession stroke hard against the economy. A pyrmaniac was roaming the neighbourhoods some years later. In September 1995 a fire destroyed the restaurant. Following the 1995 season the park was closed down, deserted and devastated.

References

1984 establishments in Sweden
1995 disestablishments in Sweden
Fires
Jönköping
Theme parks in Sweden
Katherine "Kate" Brown (born June 21, 1960) is an American politician. She was raised in Minnesota. She became the 38th Governor of Oregon on February 18, 2015 after the resignation of John Kitzhaber. 

Brown is the state's second female governor, after Barbara Roberts. She is the first openly  bisexual governor in United States history.

References

Other websites

1960 births
Living people
American LGBT people
Bisexual people
Governors of Oregon
LGBT politicians
Politicians from Minnesota
US Democratic Party politicians
Women politicians
Clu Gulager (born November 16, 1928) is an American actor and director. He was born in Holdenville, Oklahoma. He is known for his co-starring role as William H. Bonney (Billy the Kid) in the 1960–1962 NBC television series The Tall Man and for his role as Emmett Ryker in another NBC western series, The Virginian.

Other websites
Clu Gulager fan website

Interview from psychotronicvideo.com 
Mystery Science Theater 3000, episode #908 (The Touch of Satan)
 Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture – Gulager, Clu 

1928 births
Living people
Actors from Oklahoma
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
Johnny "Guitar" Watson (February 3, 1935 – May 17, 1996) was an American singer. He sang blues, soul and funk music. He had hit songs in the 1970s with "Ain't That a Bitch" and "Superman Lover". He had many other hits. 

Watson was born in Houston, Texas. He died from a heart attack in Japan.

References

American R&B musicians
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Japan
Musicians from Houston, Texas
1935 births
1996 deaths
Sex assignment or gender assignment is the process of determining the sex of a baby, whether it is a boy or a girl.  Usually, the doctor, parents or midwife look at the sex organs of a newborn baby to do this.  The assigned sex is written on the birth certificate, passport and other identification papers.

Even though it is called "assignment," these adults are not literally assigning (choosing) whether the child is male or female.  In most people, the sex assigned at birth matches the person's own gender identity. If the assigned sex does not match a person's gender identity, the person is transgender.  In a very small number of newborn babies, it is not possible to tell whether the child's body is male or female by looking at the sex organs.  These people are intersex.

Other page 
Sexual reassignment surgery

References

Human sexuality
Gender