cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Vera Cooper Rubin (July 23, 1928  December 25, 2016) was an American astronomer. She discovered dark matter

Early life 
Rubin was born on July 23, 1928. Her parents were Rose Applebaum and Phillip Cooper.  At age 10, Rubin became fascinated by the stars in her home, Washington, D.C. At age 14, she built her first telescope.

Work 
Rubin attended Vassar College where she earned her B.A. in 1948. She earned her M.A. at Cornell University in 1951. She received her Ph.D. in astronomy at Georgetown University. At Cornell her thesis studied evidence of bulk rotation in the universe. 

Rubin taught at Georgetown before becoming a researcher at the Carnegie Institution of Science. She spent a year as a teacher in math and physics at Montgomery County Junior College. She contributed to newspapers. She was an associated editor of the Astronomical Journal and the editorial board of Science Magazine. Rubin was on the astronomical committee at Harvard University and at the National Academy of Sciences.

Rubin was an American astronomer who discovered dark matter. Dark matter is a material in the universe that does not reflect light. She and W. Kent Ford found that the stars closest to the center of the galaxy and the stars farthest from the center of the galaxy moved at the same rate.  Their findings said that mass astronomers could see only 10 percent of the galaxy's total mass. This makes dark matter invisible. Rubin joined the council of American Women in Science in 1984 to promote women in astronomy. 

Rubin was given honorary degrees from Creighton University, Harvard University, and Yale University. She won the National Medal of Sciences in 1993.

Later years 
Rubin was married to Robert Rubin, a physicist. She wrote a children's book on astronomy to encourage young girls to study science. Rubin had four children named David, Allan, Judith, and Carl. Her children all became scientists. 

Rubin died in Princeton on December 25, 2016.

References 

American astronomers
1928 births
2016 deaths
Hypatia (hy-PAY-shee-uh) of Alexandria was a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher. She lived around 370 - 415 C.E. Hypatia was the first noted women in mathematics, philosophy, and astronomy. She lead a philosophical movement called Neoplatonism. Neoplatonism was developed from the ideas of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato. 

Hypatia was born in Alexandria, a city in Egypt. During Hypatia’s time, Egypt was a great place for learning. Her father was also a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher, so she had it in her blood line. Her father was Theon. Hypatia and her father worked on commentaries of Ptolemy's work together. Ptolemy was a Greek astronomer who was from Alexandria. Hypatia's name was also put on work done by other mathematicians. 

The Museum of Alexandria was a more like a university and library than a museum. It played a big role in education, and Hypatia’s life. Theon may have been the director of the museum at one point. Theon was interested in mathematics. This may have led Hypatia to pursue astronomy, mathematics, and philosophy.

Her skills were so notable, that she became the leader of the Neoplatonism movement in Alexandria around 400. Her reputation led students from all around the world to come visit here. She was recognized as a better philosopher than most of the men during her time. Hypatia gave lectures at her house and in lecture halls. She lectured on astronomy, mathematics, philosophy, and religious literature. She wrote a number of books about mathematics.

Synesius of Cyrene was a student of Hypatia. His letters provided some of the most important information on her life and her teachings. She taught Synesius about the building of an astrolabe.

Hypatia was never married because she said she was “wedded to the truth”. She was an acquaintance of Orestes. He was the pagan governor of Alexandria. Radical monks murdered her. They possibly murdered her because the pagans seemed to have caused enmity among the mainly Christian town. They persecuted her, and scattered her body parts around the city. She died at 45 years old, in 415 C.E.

References

Greek scientists
Ada E. Yonath, Hebrew: עדה יונת , (born June 22, 1939) is an Israeli crystallographer. She received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Thomas A. Steitz and Venkatraman Ramakrishnan for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome.

Early life 
She was born in the Geula quarter of Jerusalem. Her father was a rabbi. Yonath and her family moved to Tel Aviv after her father died.

Education 
She received her bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1962. She received her master's degree in biochemistry in 1964. She got both degrees from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. She received her Ph.D. in X-Ray Crystallography at the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1968. Yonath made the first protein crystallography lab at the Weizmann Institute. Her work showed the function of ribosomes. Yonath worked at Carnegie-Mellon University and MIT for several years. She stayed as Weizmann Institute for the rest of her career.

Work 
Ada Yonath is an Israeli chemist who made pictures of ribosomes using X-ray Crystallography. Ribosomes are the part of cells in the human body that put together proteins. X-ray Crystallography makes pictures of molecules by bunching them into crystals. This method is only used to make models of single atoms. Yonath used this methods to crystallize ribosomes although they are made of many atoms and proteins. This made her work very difficult. She returned to the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1970. She started the first Protein Crystallography lab in Israel. She did research at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin, Germany from 1979 to 1984. She began trying to make ribosomes into crystals in 1970.  [1]

Accomplishments 
She made the first model of a large ribosome in 1980. 

In 2006 she won the Wolf Prize in Chemistry.

She won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas Steitz. This Nobel prize was for her work in making images of ribosomes. She studied Molecular Genetics in Berlin, Germany, before winning the Nobel prize.

Later life 
Yonath led a research team at the Max Planck Institute in Hamburg, Germany for 18 years. She also continued research at the Weizmann Institute of Science.

Related pages 
 List of Nobel Prize winners in Chemistry

References

1939 births
Living people
Biochemists
Israeli chemists
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Israeli Jews
Israeli Nobel Prize winners
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Jewish scientists
Jewish Wolf Prize winners
People from Jerusalem
Youyou Tu (born 30 December 1930) is a Chinese pharmacologist. She won the Nobel Prize in 2015 for medicine. She is famous for making a medicine to treat Malaria. Malaria is a sickness or disease. It is spread by mosquitoes. It poorly affects a lot of people in the world. Many people have died from Malaria. Tu came up with a cure.

Early Life 
Tu was born on December 30, 1930.  She was born and raised in Ningbo, Zhejiang. Zhejiang is a province of China. It is located in eastern China. In 1951, she moved to Beijing. She went to the Peking University in Beijing. At the university, she studied pharmacology. In 1955, she finished college and started working at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. It is now called the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.

Work and Discoveries 
In 1969, China was having a cultural revolution against Western ideas. This means that many schools, colleges, and research centers were closed. Tu was assigned to a secret project that was to find the cure for Malaria during this time. Malaria was killing American and Vietnamese soldiers in Vietnam before the treatment was found. She studied traditional Chinese medicinal ancient text. She was trying to find an herbal treatment. The text they read gave information about a medicinal plant, Qinghao. Qinghao is also known as sweet wormwood. Tu and two other scientists found a part of the plant that helped treat Malaria. This was made into a drug that stopped and treated the disease in millions of people. This drug was called artemisinin.

References

Chinese Nobel Prize winners
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
Female scientists
Pharmacologists
Living people
1930 births
Scientists from Beijing
Rosalyn Yalow (July 19, 1921  May 30, 2011) was an American medical physicist.

Early life 
Yalow was born on July 19, 1921 in the Bronx, New York City. She graduated from Hunter College in 1941. She also went to a all-female college in New York called Hunter College. Yalow was Jewish. This made it difficult to become a scientist, due to prejudice. She continued trying. Yalow got a PhD from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Work 
Yalow became a consultant in nuclear physics at the Bronx Veteran’s Administration Hospital in 1947. She was assistant chief of radioisotope service in 1950. She was made a research professor at the Sinai School of Medicine in New York City in 1968. In 1973, she was made head of Solomon A. Berson Research Laboratory at the Bronx Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

Accomplishments 
Yalow won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977. She was the second woman to win that prize. She shared the award with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally.

Yalow was known for the creation of the radioimmunoassay (RIA). The RIA labeled things in the blood with radioactive marks. Yalow and Solomon Berson first used the RIA in 1959. It was first used to study the insulin in blood of diuabetics ( people with diabetes). This was an advancement that helped many people with diabetes.

References

1921 births
2011 deaths
American physicists
People from New York City
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
People from the Bronx
Maryam Mirzakhani (May 3, 1977 – July 14, 2017) was an Iranian mathematician.

She worked at Stanford University. Her research topics include Teichmüller theory, hyperbolic geometry, ergodic theory, and symplectic geometry.

On 13 August 2014, Mirzakhani became both the first woman and the first Iranian honored with the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics.

Background 
Mirzakhani was born in May 1977 in Tehran, Iran. She enjoyed math and puzzles in high school. She earned her bachelor’s degree at the Sharif University of Technology in Tehran. Mirzakhani then went to Harvard to earn a Ph.D. in 2004.

In high school, Mirzakhani found her talents in math. She decided to reconsider her career goals. This was made possible by her principal. Her principal tried to give women the same chances as men to succeed. 

Mirzakhani was also given extra math assignments, which gave her access to university laboratories. She was also allowed to study by herself in the library. This privilege was only given to a few people.

Mirzakhani was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2013. She died of the cancer on July 14, 2017 in Palo Alto, California, aged 40.<ref name="mehrnews">{{cite news|title=Maryam Mirzakhani "died|url=http://www.mehrnews.com/news/4029259/مریم-میرزاخانی-درگذشت|agency=Mehr news Agancy|date=15 July 2017|language=fa}}</ref>

 Accomplishments 
Mirzakhani won the Fields Medal award, the highest mathematical award, in 2014 for her accomplishments in math. She won this award because of her work on Riemann surfaces, a complex mathematical subject. Her work on this subject has improved the basics of both mathematics and physics.

Mirzakhani proved multiple relationships between moduli'' spaces, classes of Riemann surface structures. Her talent led her to be selected twice for the Math Olympiad Team.

Girls had never been part of the Iranian Math Olympiad team. Mirzakhani was the first woman to be on the team and was selected two times in a row. She won gold medals for her team. In 1994, she only had one point taken off and in 1995, she had a perfect score. This was a big accomplishment since she was the first Iranian to do so.

Jobs/roles 
Mirzakhani has worked as a math teacher at Princeton University and Stanford University. At Stanford, her interests changed a little. Mirzakhani still worked on geometry and symmetry but started to focus more on theories on Teichmiller dynamics, advanced geometric strategies. Her research was deemed as mathematical research into nature's abstract concepts.

Related pages
 List of Iranian scientists

References

Fields Medalists
1977 births
2017 deaths
Academics
Deaths from breast cancer
Female scientists
People from Tehran
Geometers
Émilie du Châtelet was a French physicist. She was born on December 17, 1706, in Paris, France. Du Châtelet was born into an aristocratic family. She received an excellent education. Du Châtelet learned science, literature, and music. She married the Marquis of Châtelet. He lived away from Paris because he had a military and political career. They had three children. Du Châtelet took private lessons in maths from Pierre-Louis Moreau.

Du Châtelet had a 15-year affair with Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire. Voltaire recognised her talents. Châtelet helped Voltaire write his book, Elements of Newton’s Philosophy. She had an unwanted child with Jean François de Saint-Lambert when she was 42. She translated Principia Mathematica by Isaac Newton into French while she was pregnant. She died from an infection six days after giving birth to her daughter. It was 1749.

Du Châtelet’s translation of Principia Mathematica is still used today. She knew that her work was not appreciated during her time. Years after she died, she was recognized as a role model for girls and women. Du Châtelet is still celebrated around the world for her work in Newtonian studies and mathematics.

References 

French physicists
1706 births
1749 deaths
Scientists from Paris
Mary Somerville was a Scottish science writer and a polymath. She was also famous for supporting more education for women and supporting more civil rights for women.

Early life 
Somerville was born on December 26, 1780, in Jedburgh, Scotland. She was the fifth of seven children. She was one of three who lived to be adults. Her father, William George Fairfax, was a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy. He would go on long trips away. Somerville's mother didn't try to educate her daughters; she thought that all girls needed to know was how to cook and clean. When Somerville wasn't doing household chores, she would often go to the seaside and the moors.

When Somerville's father came home, he discovered that his ten-year-old daughter could not read or write. He sent her to a boarding school. By her teenage years, Somerville had become interested in algebra. Her parents got angry. They told her not to study it - they worried that studying mathematical concepts would cause her physical and mental harm. "Mary Somerville." Scientists: Their Lives and Works, UXL, 2006. Student Resources in Context. Accessed 31 Mar. 2017.

Marriage and adult life 
In 1804, when she was 24, Somerville got married to Samuel Grieg. She found that marriage gave her independence from her parents. She began studying algebra. She had two sons, but her husband died in 1807. As a widow, she found more freedom to study and learned many more mathematical concepts."Mary Somerville." Scientists: Their Lives and Works, UXL, 2006. Student Resources in Context. Accessed 31 Mar. 2017.

In 1812, she married again. Her second husband was William Somerville. They had four children together. Somerville began experiments on solar radiation with her newfound support from William.

Work 
She studied the sun's radiation effects on Earth's substances. In 1826, she published her first paper, "On the Magnetizing Power of the More Refrangible Solar Rays." She later published two more papers and two books. She later moved to Italy and started her third book. In 1848, she had a publication called Physical Geography.

Honors and awards 
Somerville wrote many books. Somerville's second book led to the discovery of Neptune. She then became the one of the first two women to be named Honorary members of the Royal Astronomical Society. Somerville had a picture hung in the Royal Society's great hall. She won the Victoria Gold Medal from the Royal Geographic Society in 1870.

Late life 
In 1860, her only surviving son died. Her husband died 5 years later. Somerville became sad. Her daughter told her to work on more writing projects. She did, but she wasn't in touch with modern science. She began to promote civil rights and higher women's education. She died at age 92 in Naples, Italy, on November 19, 1872. Oxford University named one of its colleges after her.

References

Scottish writers
1789 births
1872 deaths
Scottish scientists
British astronomers
British mathematicians
May-Britt Moser is a Norwegian psychologist and neuroscientist.

Life 
Moser was born on Jan 4, 1962 in Fosnavåg, on a coastal island north of Bergen, Norway. She married Edvard Moser as a student of the University of Oslo in 1985. They had two kids, Isabel and Ailin. The Mosers were directors and coordinators of the Kavil Institute for systems Neuroscience and the Centre for Neural Computation at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology for many years, but they divorced in 2016.

Career 
Each earned a PhD in neurobiology in 1995. She used rats as test subjects during her research because their nervous system is very similar to humans. They discovered brain cells that allow animals to move from one place to another. These are called grid cells, and they fire when the rats pass a certain location. Over time, this helped the rats move purposely around the room and navigate their surroundings. The Mosers won a Nobel Prize, an important award. She won this award in 2014 and shared this with John O’Keefe, another neuroscientist. They also won the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize.

References

1962 births
Living people
Norwegian scientists
Norwegian psychologists
"Starboy" is a song recorded by Canadian PBR&B singer-songwriter The Weeknd.  It features the French DJ duo Daft Punk.  It is taken from his fifth studio album, also called Starboy.  It is the first song on the album.  The song reached number one in nearly ten countries, including the US, Canada, France, the Netherlands, and New Zealand, while it reached number two in countries like Australia and the UK.  "Starboy" is The Weeknd and Daft Punk's first collaboration, before the next single, the top-ten song "I Feel It Coming".

The song was certified quadruple-Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales, streams, and shipments of over four million copies there.

References 

2016 songs
Synth-pop
Pop songs
The Weeknd
Andrés Ocaña Rabadán (1955 – March 2, 2017) was a Spanish politician and academic. He served as the Mayor of Córdoba from 2009 to 2011. He was a member of the United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia.

Ocaña was born in the town of Aguilar de la Frontera in the Province of Córdoba. He served as a member of the Córdoba city council from 1995 until 2011. Ocaña died of a myocardial infarction on March 2, 2017 in Córdoba, Andalusia, at the age of 62.

References

1955 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Spanish politicians
Mayors
José Rómulo Sosa Ortiz (February 17, 1948 — September 28, 2019), known by his stage name José José, was a Mexican singer, musician and occasional actor. His 1983 album Secretos has sold over 7 million units. With a large number of international hits, he received several Grammy nominations and recognition worldwide.

In March 2017, he announced that he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. On 28 September 2019, José José died of the disease at a hospital in Homestead, Florida, at the age of 71.

References

1948 births
2019 deaths
Mexican singer-songwriters
Mexican movie actors
Pop singers
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in Florida
Actors from Mexico City
Ucchi Pillayar Temple is a 7th-century Hindu temple, one dedicated to Lord Ganesh located a top of Rockfort, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India.Mythologically this rock is the place where Lord Ganesh ran from King Vibishana, after establishing the Ranganathaswamy deity in Srirangam.The Rock Fort temple stands 83m tall perched atop the rock. The smooth rock was first cut by the Pallavas but it was the Nayaks of Madurai who completed both the temples under the Vijayanagara empire.Due to its ancient and impressive architecture created by the Pallavas, the temple is maintained by the Archaeological department of India.

Reference

Tiruchirapalli district
Thiruvarur is a town and municipality in Thiruvarur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative headquarters of Tiruvarur district and Tiruvarur taluk. The town was one of the five traditional capitals of the Chola empire, with one of the emperors of the dynasty, Kulothunga Chola I, having it as his capital. The town is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled, at different times, by the Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Later Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Marathas and the British. The town is known for the Thyagaraja temple, and the annual chariot festival held in the month of April. The temple chariot of the Thyagaraja temple, weighing  and measuring  tall is the largest temple chariot in Tamil Nadu. Thiruvarur is the birthplace of Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri, popularly known as the Trinity of Carnatic music of the 18th century CE.
According to 2011 census, Thiruvarur had a population of 58,301 with a sex-ratio of 1,053 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.

References

Thiruvarur district
Mannargudi is a town in Thiruvarur district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarters of the Mannargudi Taluk. The town is located at a distance of 20km from the district headquarters Tiruvarur and 310 km from the state capital Chennai. Mannargudi is known for the Rajagopalaswamy temple, a prominent Vaishnavite shrine.Mannargudi is administered by a municipality established in 1866. As of 2011, the municipality covered an area of  and had a population of 66,999. Mannargudi comes under the Mannargudi assembly constituency which elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years and it is a part of the Nagappattinam constituency which elects its Member of Parliament (MP) once in five years. Roadways are the major mode of transportation to the town and it also has rail connectivity. The nearest seaport, Nagapattinam Port, is located 52 km (32 mi) from Mannargudi, while the nearest airport, Tiruchirappalli International Airport, is located 97 km (60 mi) from the town.

Reference

Thiruvarur district
Anton Levien Constandse (September 13, 1899 in Brouwershaven - March 23, 1985 in The Hague) was a Dutch journalist, writer, political activist, anarchist and atheist.

Constandse studied Spanish at the University of Amsterdam.

Although raised a Christian, he turned atheist.

During World War II he was imprisoned in Buchenwald concentration camp, Gymnasium Beekvliet and Herzogenbusch concentration camp because of his anti-fascist and anti-nazi views.

After the war he was editor at NRC Handelsblad. He wrote for De Groene Amsterdammer, Vrij Nederland, and various humanist, atheist and literary magazines. Furthermore, he spoke on the Dutch VPRO radio and lectured at the University of Amsterdam.

Constandse was very negative about Christianity and later on also about Islam.

He wrote a lot of books and brochures about atheism and anarchism.

References 
  Socialhistory.org/bwsa
  Resources.huygens.knaw.nl

Other websites 
  www.dbnl.org

1899 births
1985 deaths
Anarchists
Dutch academics
Dutch activists
Dutch atheists
Dutch former Christians
Dutch journalists
Dutch people of World War II
Humanists
Political activists
Writers from Zeeland
Khadija Arib, Arabic:  خديجة عريب , (born October 10, 1960 in Hedami) is a Dutch politician. She is a member of the Labour Party (PvdA).

Arib was born near Casablanca in Morocco. She migrated to the Netherlands when she was 15 years of age. She studied sociology at the University of Amsterdam.

She has been a member of the Second Chamber since 1998 (with a short interruption in 2006-2007). She was Speaker of the Second Chamber from 2016 to 2021 (succeeded by Vera Bergkamp).

Khadija Arib is married with three children. She is a Muslim and of Moroccan descent.

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

1960 births
Living people
Dutch Muslims
Dutch women politicians
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Moroccan politicians
Naturalised citizens of the Netherlands
Speakers of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Mace has three principal meanings:
Mace (weapon), a weapon with a heavy head on a solid shaft used to bludgeon opponents
Flail (weapon), a spiked weapon on a chain
Ceremonial mace, an ornamented mace used in civic ceremonies
Mace (spray), a brand of tear gas, often used by police
Mace (spice), a spice derived from the aril of nutmeg

Mace may also refer to:
Mace (construction company), an international consultancy and construction company
Mace (store), a convenience store chain in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Mace (unit), an English term for a traditional Chinese measurement of weight
MGM-13 Mace, a U.S. tactical surface-to-surface missile
Mace: The Dark Age, a 1997 fighting game for arcades and the Nintendo 64
Mace debating, a particular style of debating

Personal names
Mace (surname)
Mace Neufeld, American film producer

Fiction
Mace Windu, a character in the Star Wars movies
Mace Tyrell, a character in A Song of Ice and Fire books
Mace (G.I. Joe), a character in the G.I. Joe universe
Mace is the name of a character in the 1995 film Strange Days
Mace is the name of a character in the 2007 film Sunshine

Places
Macé, a commune of Normandy, France
Hill 262 in Normandy, physical feature known as The Mace during World War II
Mace, Indiana, a small town in the United States
Mace's Hole, the former name of Beulah, Colorado
Mače, Croatia, a village and municipality in Croatia
Mače, Slovenia, a village in Slovenia

Science
Malone antegrade continence enema, a surgical procedure used to create a continent pathway proximal to the anus
 Major adverse cardiac events, criterion for evaluating cardiac treatments such as angioplasty
Major Atmospheric Cerenkov Experiment Telescope, a telescope being built by ECIL to be placed at Hanle

MACE (acronym)
MACE (gaming convention), Mid-Atlantic Convention Expo gaming convention
M.A.C.E. Music, American record label
Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, an Indian engineering college
Media Archive for Central England, a public sector regional film archive that collects, preserves and provides access to moving image material
Member of the Australian College of Educators
Metropolitan Architectural Consortium for Education
Models And Counter-Examples a computer software for model generation

Related pages

Mase (pronounced "mace", born 1975), American rapper
Maze (disambiguation)
Maurice Xiberras GMH (14 November 1936 – 19 March 2017) was a Gibraltarian teacher, trade unionist and politician. He was thought as being a strong defender of British sovereignty, who believed there was no future for Gibraltar without the continuing close relationship with the United Kingdom. He was born in The Rock, Gibraltar.

Xiberras died of a suspected heart attack during a trip in Surbiton, Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames on 19 March 2017, aged 80.

References

1936 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Gibraltar
Educators
Politicians
Activists
Anthony "Tony" Terran (May 30, 1926 – March 20, 2017) was an American trumpet player and session musician. He was part of The Wrecking Crew, which was a group of session musicians in Los Angeles, California. They earned wide acclaim in the 1960s. The Wrecking Crew was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame on November 26, 2007.

A very well known trumpeter in Los Angeles, Terran worked with The Baja Marimba Band, The Beach Boys, The Beatles, The Bee Gees, Ray Charles, Chicago, Nat King Cole, Perry Como, Bob Dylan, Ella Fitzgerald, Benny Goodman, Bob Hope, Michael Jackson, Eartha Kitt, Peggy Lee, Madonna, Dean Martin, Elvis Presley, Bonnie Raitt, Linda Ronstadt, Diana Ross, Frank Sinatra, Barbra Streisand, The Tijuana Brass, and Tom Waits.

Terran was born in Buffalo, New York. He died in Los Angeles on March 20, 2017, aged 90.

References

1926 births
2017 deaths
Trumpeters
Musicians from Los Angeles
Musicians from Buffalo, New York
Roy Fisher (11 June 1930 – 21 March 2017) was a British poet and jazz pianist. His poetry shows the relationship to both European and American modernist influences, while remaining grounded in the experience of living in the English Midlands. 

Fisher has experimented with a wide range of styles throughout his career, largely working outside of the mainstream of post-war British poetry. He has been admired by poets and critics as diverse as Donald Davie, Eric Mottram, Marjorie Perloff, and Sean O’Brien.

In 2003, Fisher was made lifetime Honorary Poet of the City of Birmingham. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2005.

Other websites
Roy Fisher at West Midlands Literary Heritage 
Roy Fisher in conversation with John Tranter. Jacket 1, December 2001.
An essay on Fisher by Marjorie PerloffI 
Some Aspects of the Poetry of Roy Fisher by J. D. Needham ,1975
review of the "Long and the Short of It" by August Kleinzahler
William Wotton, "The Measure of the Muse" (review of the Long and the Short of It). The Guardian, 29 October 2005.

1930 births
2017 deaths
British poets
British jazz musicians
British pianists
Writers from Birmingham
Musicians from Birmingham
Joanne Kyger (November 19, 1934 – March 22, 2017) was an American poet. Her poetry was influenced by her practice of Zen Buddhism and her ties to the poets of Black Mountain, the San Francisco Renaissance, and the Beat generation.

Kyger was born in Vallejo, California. She studied at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She moved to San Francisco in 1957.

Kyger published more than twenty books of poetry and prose, including Going On: Selected Poems, 1958–1980,  (1983); and, Just Space: poems, 1979-1989 (1991).

Kyger died on March 22, 2017 at her home in Bolinas, California from lung cancer, aged 82.

References

Other websites
"Add-Verse" a poetry-photo-video project Joanne Kyger participated in 
Joanne Kyger Papers MSS 0730. Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Library.
Joanne Kyger Correspondence, 1957-1975 MSS 0008. Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Library.

1934 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in California
American poets
American Buddhists
Writers from California
Meir Einstein (‎; 21 October 1951 – 23 March 2017) was an Israeli sports broadcaster. He was born in Herzliya, Israel.

Einstein began his career as a news anchor at Kol Yisrael. He later began to broadcast sports events in all areas of the Sports Department of Channel 10. He was the main broadcaster on the sports channels of Charlton Ltd..

Einstein died on 23 March 2017 in Jerusalem from complications of muscular dystrophy (disease that weakens the skeletal system), aged 65.

References

1951 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Israel
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
Radio personalities
Leopoldus ("Leo") Eduardus Theoduris Peelen (16 July 1968 - 24 March 2017) was a Dutch track cyclist. He won the silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul in the points race. The following year, he captured a bronze medal at the 1989 World Championships. Peelen became six times Dutch champion on the track (Pointsrace in 1983, 1984, 1985 (winter), Individual Pursuit 1986 and Madison 1987 and 1988).

Peelen died on 24 March 2017 from cardiac arrest in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands, aged 48.

References

Other websites
 Bio 

1968 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Dutch cyclists
People from Arnhem 
Sportspeople from Gelderland
Mayaro is a town on the island of Trinidad in Trinidad and Tobago.  It is near Rio Claro.

Mayaro is on the ocean, and Mayaro Beach is a very popular vacation spot for tourists.

References

Trinidad and Tobago
Damnatio memoriae is a Latin practice or phrase that means "condemnation of memory". It means that a person's existence should be cut out of history. In practice it meant removing the name from official records and monuments. However, because information about the person was usually also found in other places, like letters and scrolls, historians today can usually still learn about the person. 

Latin phrases
Yohanna Ibrahim (Arabic: يوحنا إبراهيم) also Gregorios Yohanna or Mor Gregorios Yohanna Ibrahim (born August 18, 1948) is the Syriac Orthodox archbishop of Aleppo. He was kidnapped on April 22, 2013, along with Boulos Yazigi, the Greek Orthodox archbishop of Aleppo.

Life 
Ibrahim was born on August 18, 1948 in Qamishly, Syria. He studied Ecclesiastical Studies and Canon Law at the Pontifical Oriental Institute (Roma Istituto Orientale) in Rome from 1973 to 1976. He became a monk in 1973, a deacon in 1976, a priest in 1976, and a bishop in 1979. In 1988 he established the Al Raha Mardin Publishing House in Aleppo. 

Ibrahim received degrees from St. Ephrem Theological Seminary in Zahle, the Oriental Institute in Rome, and the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome.  He received a PhD from Birmingham University in the UK. The title of his dissertation was “Christian Arabs in Mesopotamia before Islam.” Before he became a bishop in Syria, Ibrahim had positions in Iraq, Sweden, Holland, Belgium, and Lebanon. He was on the committees of many religious boards, including including the Global Christian Forum, the Executive Committee of the Middle East Council of Churches, and the Central Committee of the World Council of Churches.

Ibrahim disappeared in 2013 while traveling with Boulos Yazigi to negotiate the release of two kidnapped priests. It is believed the kidnappers were Chechen.

Works 
 "The Concept of Jurisdiction and Authority in the Syrian Orthodox Church on Antioch", tr. Monk Melki

References

Other websites 
 M.G.Y.Abraham @Morgregorios on Twitter
 Friends of Mor Gregorios Yohanna Ibrahim on Facebook
 Syrian Orthodox Archdiocese or Aleppo and Environs  official website (Arabic language)

1948 births
Living people
Archbishops
Missing people
Oriental Orthodox Christians
Syrian Christians
KOERS. Museum van de wielersport. (till 2018 the Cycling Museum - WieMu) is a museum in the Belgian city of Roeselare. The museum shows the history of the bicycle and cycling. The museum started officially on 27 March 1998 at ‘Het Polenplein’, in the earlier fire-station.

History 

The Cycling Museum was founded in 1985 as part of the earlier Municipal Museum of Roeselare. The city of Roeselare took that decision because the region can be seen as ‘the cradle of the flandriens’. A lot of flandriens and racing cyclists are born in the region. The municipality proper has known a lot of popular racing cyclists for example Odiel Defraeye, the first Belgian winner of the Tour of France and several world-champions: Jean-Pierre Monseré, Benoni Beheyt, Patrick Sercu, Freddy Maertens… In the beginning, the museum only showed a few old bicycles and organised an exhibition in summer.

In 1998, they made the final decision to replace the old folkloristic museum for a real Cycling Museum, the National Cycling Museum. Ferdy Callewaert was the first conservator till he retired in 2006. Old-racing cyclist Freddy Maertens worked from 2000 till 2007 at the museum and he welcomed often the visitors. In 2005 King Albert II visited the museum. In 2010 the museum got the short name ‘WieMu’. 

After a renovation, the museum re-opened on 8 September 2018. The new name of the museum is "KOERS. Museum van de wielersport". At the museum, there are also the municipal touristic service and a pub.

Collection 

The museum shows the history of bicycles from 1760 till now: all sorts of old bicycles and modern bicycles used for professional duties, leisure and sport. In the beginning, that was the heart of the collection of the cycling museum. After some years, the museum became more and more specialized in cycle-racing. So the museum has a lot of racing-bicycles, cycling-trophies and -souvenirs, cycling-clothes, portraits of racing cyclists etc.   

In one of the halls, you find a lot about the local world-champion Jean-Pierre Monseré, who lost his life as world-champion during a race in 1971. Another hall shows an old workshop of bicycle-maker Hallaert where you can learn about the technical evolution of the bicycle.

The cycling museum has a documentationcentre about cycling with a lot of photos, old newspapers and (cycling-)magazines, programme brochures and cycling archives. The museum publishes regular exhibition catalogues or books of exercises. Since 2012 the museum publishes the cycling-historic magazine ‘Etappe’.

Building 

The museum ‘WieMu’ is in the earlier fire-station. The station was built between 1899 and 1902. Till 1962 it was a fire-station. During World War I, German soldiers lived in the station. On 21 July 1917, it was bombed by British aircrafts. After the war it was rebuilt. The building was also used for several public services such as a festive hall, a school, sportaccommodation and a folkloristic museum. The building is now a classified monument and partly restored.

Belgium
1998 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Belgium
Jacqueline Andrée Naze Tjøtta (1 June 1935 – 9 March 2017) was a French-born Norwegian mathematician. She became the first female mathematical sciences professor in Norway.

Naze was born in Montpellier, France. She graduated in mathematics from the Aix-Marseille University and Sorbonne, Paris. She married Norwegian mathematician Sigve Tjøtta in 1964. 

Naze was appointed professor in applied mathematics at the University of Bergen from 1966. Her research interests have focused on kinetic theory, magnetohydrodynamics and theoretical acoustics.
Naze died in Oslo, Norway on 9 March 2017, aged 81.

References

1935 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Norway
French mathematicians
Norwegian scientists
French educators
Norwegian educators
People from Montpellier
Roya Saberi Negad Nobakht (Farsi: رویا صابری نژاد نوبخت) (born c. 1967) is a Iranian-British housewife who was put in prison after she returned to Iran to visit her family. While living in England, she wrote on Facebook that Iran was "too Islamic". The Iranian government put her in prison and accused her of “insulting Islamic sanctities”, a crime that carries death penalty.

Roya was born in Iran. In 1998 she emigrated to England.  Since 2008, she has lived in Stockport, near Manchester, England. In 2013 Roya returned to Iran to visit her family. Two weeks after she arrived, she flew to the city of Shiraz and was arrested by cyber police at the airport. Roya's husband, Daryoush Taghipoor, found out his wife was in prison when he traveled to the Middle East to look for her.

Arrest 

Roya was taken to Tehran and held at the notorious Evin prison.  In June 2014, Roya was tried by Branch 28 of the Revolutionary Court, and sentenced to 20 years in prison.

Seven other Facebook users were arrested along with Roya. The other seven names are Amir Golestani, Masoud Ghasemkhani, Fariborz Kardarfar, Seyed Masoud Seyed Talebi, Amin Akramipour, Mehdi Reyshahri, and Naghmeh Shahisavandi Shirazi.

In June 15 2016 five of the defendants called the "Facebook activists" were released from prison. After applying "Article 134", her sentence was reduced to five years, however she is still in Evin Prison.  She is in poor health and has frequent seizures.

Iran is accused of using innocent civilians as hostages to get payments from western countries.  In January 2016, the U.S. government paid Iran $1.7 billion in cash.  At the same time, Iran released five American citizens.

References  

British people
1967 births
Political prisoners
Living people
Sigve Tjøtta (born 1 March 1930) is a Norwegian mathematician.

Early life
Tjøtta was born in Klepp, Norway. He studied at the University of Oslo, Brown University and at the Max Planck Institute.

Career
He was appointed docent at the University of Bergen in 1960, and was promoted to professor in 1963. He replaced Oddvar Bjørgum, and had the job for the university's education in applied mathematics.

His fields of research include plasma, nonlinear acoustics, hydroacoustics and acoustic streaming. He was also the dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences from 1975 to 1977, and has held positions in NAVF, NTVF, and in the national committee of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. He has also been a visiting scholar at the University of Texas at Austin.

Personal life
Tjøtta married Jacqueline Naze, a colleague, in 1964. They lived in Oslo. Naze died in March 2017.

References

1930 births
Living people
Norwegian academics
Norwegian scientists
Norwegian mathematicians
Mai Volfovich Dantsig (; ; April 27, 1930 – March 26, 2017) was a Belarusian artist. He was active during the Soviet era and independence of Belarus. He was thought to  have been one of the founders of the contemporary Belarusian art.

Dantsig was the author of many paintings and drawings related to World War II and Soviet partisans including the And the Saved World Remembers.

Dantsig died on March 26, 2017 in Minsk from heart failure caused by pneumonia, at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
Biography 
Interview with Mai Dantsig in the newspaper Vecherny Minsk May 10, 2005 
70 years of Dantsig  
Dantsig in Chagal museum  

1930 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from pneumonia
Artists
People from Minsk
Teodor Ilyich Oizerman (; 14 May 1914 – 25 March 2017) was a Soviet and Russian philosopher and academic.

Career
Oizerman was born in a Jewish family. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 1981 until his death.  He received a doctorate, honoris causa, from the University of Jena in 1979 and the USSR State Prize in 1983. In 1979 Oizerman was awarded the Plekhanov prize for the monograph The Main Trends in Philosophy. He also served in the Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public.

Death
Oizerman died on 25 March 2017 in Moscow of congestive heart failure at the age of 102.

References

Other websites
 "Problems of the History of Philosophy" Translated from the Russian by Robert Daglish. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1973.
 The main Trends in Philosophy. A Theoretical Analysis of the History of Philosophy. Translated by H. Campbell Creighton, M.A. (Oxon). Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1988.  (The book was in 1979 awarded the Plekhanov prize under the decision of the USSR Academy of Sciences)
 in HTML format
 in DjVu format (Internet Archive)

1914 births
2017 deaths
20th-century philosophers
21st-century philosophers
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Jewish academics
Jewish atheists
Jewish centenarians
Jewish philosophers
Russian communists
Russian Jews
Russian philosophers
Soviet Jews
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kazachyonok (; 6 September 1952 – 26 March 2017) was a Soviet football player and Russian coach. He was the academy director with FC Zenit Saint Petersburg until his death in 2017.

Kazachyonok made his debut for USSR on December 1, 1976 in a friendly against Brazil. He also played in a UEFA Euro 1980 qualifier against Finland.

Kazachyonok died on 26 March 2017 in Saint Petersburg, Russia from a suspected heart attack at the age of 64.

References

Other websites
  Profile

1952 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Russian footballers
Russian football managers
Jean Rouverol (July 8, 1916 – March 24, 2017) was an American author, actress and screenwriter. She was blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studios in the 1950s. In 1943, Rouverol and her husband had joined the American Communist Party.

In the 1970s, Rouverol returned to writing. She scripted an episode of Little House on the Prairie, and after publishing three books in three years, she was hired as co-head writer for the CBS soap opera Guiding Light. Rouverol wrote scripts for Search for Tomorrow and As the World Turns. 

For many years Rouverol lived with actor Cliff Carpenter, who was another former blacklisted performer for many years. Rouverol died on March 24, 2017 at her home in Wingdale, New York at the age of 100.

References

1916 births
2017 deaths
Actors from St. Louis, Missouri
American centenarians
American communists
American movie actors
American screenwriters
American television writers
Deaths from natural causes
Disease-related deaths in New York
Writers from St. Louis, Missouri
The great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) is a medium-sized woodpecker with black and white plumage and a red patch on the lower belly. Males and young birds also have red markings on the neck or head.

This species is found across Eurasia and parts of North Africa. It is usually resident, but in the north some migrate if the conifer cone crop fails.

Some individuals have recolonised Ireland and some have got to North America. Great spotted woodpeckers chisel into trees to find food or excavate nest holes, and also drum for contact and territorial advertisement. They have anatomical adaptations to manage the physical stresses from the hammering.

The bird occurs in all types of woodlands and eats a wide range of food. It gets seeds out of pine cones, insect larvae from inside trees, and chicks of other birds from their nests. It breeds in holes excavated in living or dead trees, unlined apart from wood chips. When the young fledge they are fed by the adults for about ten days.

References

Piciformes
The armistice and preliminaries of Villafranca were signed on 11 July 1859 in Villafranca di Verona , in the Veneto , by France and Austria. It put an end to the Austro-Franco-Sardinian War which constitutes for Italy, the second Italian War of Independence.

After the difficult battles of Magenta (4 June) and Solferino (24 June), Napoleon III , without consulting his Sardinian ally Cavour , proposed the armistice on 8 July and an interview on 11 July with the Emperor of Austria François- Joseph I st. Although victorious, Napoleon III was frightened by the hecatomb (nearly 40,000 killed or wounded at Solferino) and the idea of having to continue an autumn and winter campaign against the Austrians entrenched in the quadrilateral. Moreover, the government and the Empress send him alarming information about the state of French opinion, Which is execrable. In particular, the Catholics, hitherto supported by the imperial regime, fear for the Papal States and the Pope's independence if Austria were eliminated from Italy. Finally, an anti-French feeling spread in Germany, where the Austrians were supported. The number of Prussian deaths is nearly 400 000 soldiers near the Rhine, stripped of French troops.

In Villafranca, it is agreed that Austria cedes Lombardy (except Mantua and Peschiera) to France, which restores it to the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. An Italian confederation under the presidency of Pope Pius IX was created, the Veneto under Austrian sovereignty being part of it. The dukes of Modena , Parma, and Tuscany, driven away by revolutions, found their thrones.

Cavour, not consulted, resigned on 10 July, while King Victor-Emmanuel II gave his agreement "in a personal capacity", thus leaving the door open to any governmental retraction.

These preliminaries were confirmed by the Treaty of Zurich of 11 November 1859.

1859
19th-century treaties
Wars involving Europe
19th century in Italy
1850s in France
19th century in Austria
Whatawhata is a village in the region of Waikato, on the North Island of New Zealand. It had 2,475 people in 2013.

It lies on the eastern side of the Waipa River.

State Highways 23 and 39 cross each other at Whatawhata.

Villages
Settlements in New Zealand