cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Lenore LaFount Romney (born Lenore LaFount, November 9, 1908 – July 7, 1998) was an American politician and actress. She was the wife of businessman and politician George Romney and the First Lady of Michigan from 1963 to 1969.

She was the Republican Party nominee for the U.S. Senate elections in 1970 from Michigan. Her youngest son, Mitt Romney, is the former Governor of Massachusetts and the 2012 Republican presidential nominee.

Early life
Lenore LaFount was born in Logan, Utah, and raised in Salt Lake City. She went to Latter-day Saints High School. While there,  she developed an interest in drama and met George Romney.

She attended the University of Utah and George Washington University, graduating from the latter in 1929.  She studied acting at the American Laboratory Theatre in New York, then went to Hollywood where she became a bit player.

Career
She acted in some movies with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.  Turning down a contract offer with them, she married George Romney in 1931.  The couple had four children together. She was a stay-at-home mother, eventually living in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, while he became a success in business and politics. She ran for the United States senate, but lost the election.

Death
Romney died on July 7, 1998 in Royal Oak, Michigan from a stroke, aged 89. She was buried next to her husband at the Fairview Cemetery in Brighton, Michigan.

References

Other websites
 "Lenore", the half-hour film from the 1970 U.S. Senate campaign 
 Finding Aid for Lenore LaFount Romney Papers, 1960–1974 at Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan

1908 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American movie actors
Businesspeople from Michigan
Businesspeople from Salt Lake City, Utah
American chief executives
Actors from Michigan
Actors from Salt Lake City, Utah
Politicians from Michigan
Politicians from Salt Lake City, Utah
US Republican Party politicians
People from Logan, Utah
Patricia Clarkson (December 29 1959) is an American actress. She has received an Emmy Award. She has appeared in many movies, including The Green Mile, The Untouchables and Far from Heaven. She was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.

American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New Orleans, Louisiana
1959 births
Living people
Emmy Award winning actors
is the official home of the Emperor of Japan. It is the site of the old Edo castle. 

The Imperial Palace is in the Chiyoda area near to Tokyo Station.

The kōkyo is a large park-like space in central Tokyo.  

The palace complex has several buildings. including the main palace (.  There are also the private homes of the imperial family and the offices of the Imperial Household Agency.

History
Traditionally, the home of the emperor is called a palace.  The location of the palace has been considered the capital city of Japan.  Since 1868, the center of the government of Japan and the location of the Emperor's home has been Tokyo. From 794 through 1868, the emperor lived in Kyoto.

Related pages 
 Ryūgū-jō
 Asuka, Yamato#Imperial Palaces

References 

Palaces
Buildings and structures in Tokyo
The Governor of Michigan is the chief executive of the U.S. State of Michigan. The current Governor is Gretchen Whitmer, a member of the Democratic Party.

Gubernatorial elections and term of office
From the time the state was created until the election of 1966, governors were elected to two-year terms. Elections are held in November and the governor took office the next January. Until 1851, elections were held in odd-numbered years. A new state constitution was created in 1850 and took effect in 1851. Because of this, there was a single one-year term of governor in 1851. After this, elections were held on even years.

The constitution adopted in 1963 changed the governor's term to four years, starting in 1967. Since then, elections for governor have been two years before U.S. Presidential elections (for example, Presidential elections were in 2000 and 2004, elections for governor were in 1998 and 2002). The winner of the election takes office at noon on January 1 of the year after the election.

In 1992, a change to the Michigan constitution said that a person could only be governor for two terms. Before this, they were not limited as to how many terms they could serve. John Engler, the governor at the time, served three terms as his first term took place before the change was made. Engler was reelected in 1994 and 1998 before being term limited in 2002.

History of the office

Forty-eight people have been governor of the state. Before becoming a state, there were five governors of the Michigan Territory. Stevens T. Mason, Michigan's first governor, also served as a territorial governor. He was elected governor at age 23 as a member of the Democratic Party in 1835 and served until 1840. Mason was the youngest state governor in United States history.

Jennifer Granholm became the first female Governor of Michigan on January 1, 2003. She served for 8 years, until January 1, 2011.

List of governors

References
Anisul Hoque (), (born March 4, 1965) is a Bangladeshi author, novelist, dramatist, and journalist. Anisul Hoque was born in Rangpur in 1965. His father was Mofazzal Hoque. His mother is Mst Anwara Begum. Hoque graduated from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, trained as a civil engineer. Now he working as a journalist. Currently, Hoque is working as an Associate  Editor of a Bengali language daily, Prothom Alo.

Literary works

Poetry
Khola Chithi Sundarer Kachhe
Jalrang Padya
Asale Ayur Cheye Baro Shaadh Tar Akash Dekhar
Tomake Bhabna Kori

Novels
Kheya (The Ferryboat) (1996)
Ondhokarer Eksho Bochhor (One Hundred Years in Darkness) (1995)
Fand (Trap) (1997)
Bristibondhu (The Rain Friend) (1997)
Amar Ekta Dukhkho Achhe  (I have a Sorrow) (1999) 
Se (The Person) (2002)
Maa (Mother) (2003)  
Abar Tora Kipte Ho 
Dushwapner Jatri (2006) 
Khuda o Bhalobashar Galpo
Nandini (2006) 
Alo Andhokare Jai (2007)
Dhukhpari Shukhpari (Fairy of Sadness Fairy of Happiness)
Trap (translated from Bangla to English by Inam Ahmed, published by Indian Age, )

Television drama
Ekannoborti
Choruibhati
Naal Piran (Red Shirt)
Korimon Bewa
Ghure Daranor Swapno
69
No Man's Land
Nikhoj Shongbad

Filmography

Script writer
Bachelor, 2004 
Made in Bangladesh (directed by Mostafa Sarwar Farooki)
Third Person Singular Number
Swapnodanay (On the Wings of Dreams) (2007)

Awards
Bangla Academy Award, 2012
CitiBank Ananda Alo Award for Best Novel 2009
 Khalekdad Chowdhury Literature Award 1415
Television, a film script jointly written by Mostofa Sarwar Farooki and Anisul Hoque, has received Asian Cinema Fund (script development), provided by South Korea's Pusan Film Festival
Euro Shishu Shahitya Award 2006
BACHSAS Award for Best Sreenplay
TENASINAS Award for Best Screenplay

References

Other websites
Natok By Anisul Haque 
Anisul Haque Ebook
Bangladeshi writer anisul hoque home page 
Books of Anisul Haque published in different publications
Bangladeshi Novels home page 
Interview, from Voice of America, July, 2006.
 anisul hoque
 Bangladeshi Author Anisul Hoque Explores Craft of Writing in Iowa 
 Sample of works by Anisul Hoque 
 Bio of writers: IWP 2010 
 Why I write the way I write 

1965 births
Living people
Bangladeshi writers
Bangla Academy Literary Award winners
Kabir Bakul (born November 21, 1966) is a lyricist from  Bangladesh. He has also worked as a journalist. He earned the National Film Award as the Best Lyricist at 2008, 2009, 2010,  and 2013. Kabir Bakul was born on November 21, 1966 in Chandpur District. His wife is singer Dinat Jahan Munni. They have two daughters, Prerona and Protikkha, and a son, Procchod. At present, he is working at Maasranga Television as Head of Event and Planning. In 1994, he wrote a song for the movie “Ogni Sontan”. For this song he was nominated for the Best Lyricist at the Bangladesh Film Director Samity Awards.

Songs 
Kabir Bakul has written poems since he was young. He started writing song lyrics in 1988. That year, he wrote 13 songs for singer Tapan Chowdhury. From those songs, two were released on albums. The first song was "Kal sara raat tomari kakon jeno mone mone rinijhini bejeche". The singer was Ayub Bacchu. The second song was "Pothe jete jete khujechi tomay" for singer Nasim Ali Khan. He has written 800 songs for movies. He has written over 5000 songs in total.

Popular songs

From movies 
 Jai din jai ekaki
 Keu prem kore keu preme pore
 Amar majhe nei ekhon ami
 Dukkhotake dilam chute
 Asbar kale aslam eka
 Akash chuyese matike
 Eto valobeso na amay
 Lajuk patar moto lojjaboti
 Tomare dekhilo porano voriya
 Ekta chad chara raat aadhar kalo

On albums 
 Keno ei nissongota
 Bestota amake dey na oboshor
 Kal maiya kal boila
 Prithibir moto ridoytake
 Priyar moner kotha bidhata jane
 Dekhle tomay monta amar chomke jai
 Ful joto sundor hoy na keno

Teleflim & Drama 
Kabir Bakul wrote a drama named Goodbye America. It was broadcast July 2012 on Eid program. His second drama, Kajoler Ontordan was broadcast October 2012 on RTV.

Awards & Felicitation 
 National Film Award 2008, 2009,2010, 2013
 Bangladesh Cholochittro Sangbadik Samity (BCSS) 1998, 2006
 Bangladesh Projojok samity award, 2001
 Binodon Bichitra Award 2009
 Channel I-Citycell Music Award 2004
 London Bangla Chanel Award 2010
 Chandpur New Work Association Felicitation 2004
 Chandpur Press Club Felicitation
 Choturonggo (Drama Group) Felicitation

References

1966 births
Living people
Lyricists
Bangladeshi poets
screenwriters
Recipients of Bangladesh National Film Awards
Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum (1923 – 1996), also known as Louis Frédéric or Louis-Frédéric,  was a French scholar, art historian, writer, translator and editor.  He was a specialist in the cultures of Asia, especially India and Japan.

Early life
Louis-Frédéric was born in Paris in 1923.  He studied at the Sorbonne and the École pratique des hautes études.

Career
Louis-Frédéric wrote many books on India, Japan and Southeast Asia.

He was the editor of the 10-volume Encyclopaedia of Asian Civilizations which was published in eight editions in English between 1977 and 1987. 

Louis-Frédéric's Japan encyclopedia was published in six editions in English and French between 1996 and 2005.

Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Louis-Frédéric, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 170 works in 337 publications in 14 languages and 7,762 library holdings.
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 L'Inde: ses temples, ses sculptures, 1959
 Sud-Est asiatique: Temples et Sculptures, 1964
 La danse sacrée de l'Inde, 
 Japon: arts et civilisation, 1969
 La vie quotidienne au Japon à l'époque des Samurai (1185-1603), 1969
 Tôkyô, 1970
 Le Shintô, esprit et religion du Japon, 1972
 Encyclopaedia of Asian Civilizations (10 vol.), 1977-1984
 La vie quotidienne au Japon au début de l'ère moderne (1868-1912),1984
 Japon, l'empire éternel, 1985
 Japon intime, 1986
 Dictionnaire de la civilisation indienne, 1987
 A dictionary of the martial art, 1991
 L'Art de l'Inde et de l'Asie du Sud-Est, 1994
 Les Dieux du bouddhisme, 1996
  Le Japon, dictionnaire et civilisation, 1996
 Histoire de l'Inde et des Indiens, 1996

References

Other websites
 Frédéric, Louis (1923-1996) at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

1923 births
1996 deaths
Japanologists
French writers
French translators
Editors
Lois Griffin (born June 3, 1956) is a character in the television comedy Family Guy. She is the wife of Peter Griffin. He has three children. They are an American family and Lois has a New Yorker accent. Alex Borstein does her voice. She is 43 years old.

References

Fictional characters introduced in 1999
Family Guy characters

sv:Family Guy#Lois Griffin
Demographics are statistical information about human populations (groups of people).  Sociology, demography, marketing, business, and other studies use the information from people who study demographics.  Some demographics that many demographers study are gender, race, jobs, and location (where people live).

Demographic trends are changes in those areas. For example, if a city was half women and half men in 1940 and was more than half women in 1980, and the number of women kept going up, that would be a demographic trend.

Related pages
 Demography
 Sociology

 
Statistics
The Black Cauldron is a 1985 American animated fantasy movie produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation. It is based on the first two books in The Chronicles of Prydain by Lloyd Alexander, a series of five novels which in turn is based on Welsh mythology.

The movie is about the evil Horned King who hopes to secure the magical Black Cauldron and rule the world with its help.

The movie is directed by Ted Berman and Richard Rich. They directed the previous Disney animated movie The Fox and the Hound.

It was not very popular when it was first released.  Now it has become a cult movie. It cost $25 million to make.  It earned only $21 million at the North American box office.  It is said to be one of the worst box-office failures from Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Cast 
 Grant Bardsley as Taran
 Susan Sheridan as Princess Eilonwy
 Nigel Hawthorne as Fflewddur Fflam
 John Byner as Gurgi/Doli
 John Hurt as the Horned King
 Freddie Jones as Dallben
 Arthur Malet as King Eidilleg
 Eda Reiss Merin as Orddu
 Adele Malis-Morey as Orwen
 Billie Hayes as Orgoch
 Phil Fondacaro as Creeper
 John Huston as the narrator
 Brandon Call as Fairy #1
 Gregory Levinson as Fairy #2
 Lindsay Rich as Fairy #3

References

1985 movies
American animated movies
Disney animated movies
Fantasia 2000 is a 1999 American animated movie. It was produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is a sequel to Fantasia (1940). Like the earlier movie, it has animated segments set to pieces of classical music. The Sorcerer's Apprentice is the only segment that is in both movies.

The soundtrack was performed by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra with conductor James Levine. A group of celebrities introduce each segment in live-action scenes. The celebrities include Steve Martin, Bette Midler, Penn & Teller, James Earl Jones, Quincy Jones and Angela Lansbury.

Fantasia 2000 was shown at Carnegie Hall on December 17, 1999. It was part of a five-city concert tour, with performances in London, Paris, Tokyo and Pasadena, California. An exclusive release in IMAX theatres followed from January 1 to April 30, 2000. It became the first animated feature-length movie in the IMAX format. Fantasia 2000 was opened in the United States on June 16, 2000. It has earned $90.8 million in gross revenue worldwide.

Rhapsody in Blue
Rhapsody in Blue is the first Fantasia segment with music from the American composer George Gershwin. It originated in 1992 when director and animator Eric Goldberg approached Al Hirschfeld about the idea of an animated short set to Gershwin's composition in the style of Hirschfeld's illustrations. Hirschfeld agreed to serve as artistic consultant and allowed the animators to use and adapt his previous works for the segment. Goldberg's wife Susan was art director. Duke is named after jazz artist Duke Ellington. The bottom of his toothpaste tube reads "NINA", an Easter egg referencing Hirschfeld's daughter Nina. Rachel was designed after the Goldbergs' daughter and John is based on animation historian and author John Culhane and Hirschfeld's caricature of Alexander Woollcott. Goldberg took Hirschfeld's original illustration of Gershwin and animated it to make him play the piano. Featured in the crowd emerging from the hotel are depictions of Brooks Atkinson and Hirschfeld, along with his wife Dolly Haas. The segment was completed two months ahead of schedule from February 1999 to April 1999. The animators from the production hiatus of Kingdom of the Sun were reassigned to work on the segment. Despite this, the sequence was so chromatically complex that the rendering process using the CAPS system delayed work on Tarzan.

References

Other websites 
 

1999 movies
1999 animated movies
1990s musical movies
1990s sequel movies
American family movies
American musical fantasy movies
American sequel movies
Disney animated movies
Denmark sent a delegation to compete at the 1972 Summer Paralympics in Heidelberg, West Germany. They sent ten athletes, eight male and two female.

Disability classifications
Athletes at the Paralympics in 1972 were all afflicted by spinal cord injuries and required the use of a wheelchair. This is different from later Paralympics that include events for participants that fit into any of five different disability categories; amputation, either congenital or sustained through injury or illness; cerebral palsy; wheelchair athletes; visual impairment, including blindness; Les autres, any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism or multiple sclerosis. Each Paralympic sport then has its own classifications, dependent upon the specific physical demands of competition. Events are given a code, made of numbers and letters, describing the type of event and classification of the athletes competing.

References 

1972 Summer Paralympics
Sport in Denmark
Ernst Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (Gotha, 21 August 1681 – Hildburghausen, 9 March 1724), was a duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen. He was the oldest son of Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen and Countess Sophie Henriette of Waldeck.

When he was younger, he served in the Netherlands army. He was wounded in the Spanish Succession War at Höchstädt. In 1715, after the death of his father, he left the Army and governed the duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen.

Like many German princes, He wanted his duchy to have the splendor of the court of the King Louis XIV of France. This caused him to be ruined financially.

Because he always needed money,  he raised taxes and sold towns. He sold the county of Cuylenburg which was the dowry of his wife. The county was sold in 1720. He did not sell it to pay any money he owed to others. It was sold so that a garden and a channel could be built in his palace. In 1723 the Schalkau was sold to the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen. At the time, Schalkau had city privileges, and the right to hold a market. What was sold was an administrative division, much like a county, only smaller, which included Schalkau. The sale without the agreement of his wife was illegal. This led to a war with Saxe-Meiningen. At the end of the war, all of the county was ruined.

Because of his very bad taxes, in 1717 an open revolt took place in the duchy.

Family
Ernst Frederick married Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach in Erbach on 4 February 1704. They had fourteen children:
 Ernst Ludwig Hollandinus (b. Hildburghausen, 24 November 1704 – d. Hildburghausen, 26 November 1704)
 Sophie Amalie Elisabeth (b. Hildburghausen, 5 October 1705 – d. Hildburghausen, 28 February 1708)
 Ernst Ludwig (b. Hildburghausen, 6 February 1707 – d. Hildburghausen, 17 April 1707)
 Ernst Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (b. Hildburghausen, 17 December 1707 – d. Hildburghausen, 13 August 1745)
 Frederick August (b. Hildburghausen, 8 May 1709 – d. Hildburghausen, 1710)
 Ludwig Frederick (b. Hildburghausen, 11 September 1710 – d. Nimwegen, 10 June 1759), married on 4 May 1749 to Christine Luise von Holstein-Plön. This marriage was childless.
 Stillborn son (Hildburghausen, 2 August 1711)
 Stillborn son (Hildburghausen, 24 August 1712)
 Elisabeth Albertine (b. Hildburghausen, 3 August 1713 – d. Neustrelitz, 29 June 1761), married on 5 May 1735 to Karl Ludwig Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Herr of Mirow.
 Emanuel Frederick Karl (b. Hildburghausen, 26 March 1715 – d. Hildburghausen, 29 June 1718)
 Elisabeth Sophie (b. Hildburghausen, 13 September 1717 – d. Hildburghausen, 14 October 1717)
 Stillborn son (Hildburghausen, 17 March 1719)
 Georg Frederick Wilhelm (b. Hildburghausen, 15 July 1720 – d. Hildburghausen, 10 April 1721)
 Stillborn son (Hildburghausen, 15 December 1721)

1681 births
1724 deaths
House of Wettin
Dukes and duchesses
Espadrilles are flat casual shoes or high heel sandals usually consisting of canvas or cotton fabric uppers and flexible sole made of jute, a natural fiber with vulcanized rubber underneath. These are worn primarily by women, although men wear the shoes also. These shoes are usually manufactured in Bangladesh and Spain. The soles of an espadrille are usually flat or platform wedge shape. These shoes are usually closed toed and closed backed, although some are open. Espadrilles can be easily slipped on the foot.

Classic espadrilles

Closed toe canvas upper with flat wedge sole made of jute braids are the most popular casual espadrilles known as Classic or Cotheeka Basic espadrilles in the world. Different colored cotton or jute canvas uppers are used for this style of espadrille that made it very popular among the women as well as men. Striped canvas uppers are also used for these shoes.

Fashion espadrilles
High wedge jute sole with uppers of different materials like fabrics, leather etc. are used to make Fashion espadrilles which are also very popular among the women. Super models put on these style of espadrilles at fashion shows. These espadrilles are also known as Party espadrilles. Almost all the designer brands of Europe and North America design these styles of espadrilles.
 

Footwear
ReachOut Healthcare America (RHA) is an American company that manages dental clinics. Its headquarters are in Phoenix, Arizona. Under the name "Big Smiles," it coordinates dentist vans that go to American schools and do dental checkups and dental work on poor children. In 2011 the dentists that do business with the company went to 8,700 schools and screened and/or worked on 488,000 children.

History
Michael Howell and Daniel Goldsmith started the ReachOut company in 1997. At first the company coordinated dental checkups and dental work for people in nursing homes in Michigan. The company began coordinating services to schools. It later began doing coordination for schools, foster programs, group homes, homeless shelters, and mental health facilities by late 2003.

In October 2011 a Camp Verde, Arizona boy who had dental work done by a dentist linked with ReachOut complained of pain. His mother, Stacey Gagnon, said that the dentist did dental work on the boy without asking the parents if it was okay. Darren and Stacey Gagnon, the parents of the boy, sued the dentist and the Reachout company. In November 2011, Dan Brown, then the superintendent of the Camp Verde Unified School District, signed a letter saying that ReachOut cannot go to the district's schools anymore.

At one time ReachOut had dentists go to schools in the Clark County School District, the biggest school district in the state of Nevada. In December 2011 the district stopped working with ReachOut.

Ken Tucker, a reporter for the newspaper Arizona Republic, said said that some parents at the schools said that ReachOut dentists did dental work without telling the parents. He said that the main reason was that ReachOut did not give good care after the dental work was done because the dentists only came to the school two times per year. A mobile dentist who worked with ReachOut, Derryl Brian, said that the dentists under ReachOut had, since 2006, done screenings and work on 80,000 children. Brian said that a lot of people liked what they did.

Several school districts in Arizona, as of August 2012, still work with ReachOut. ReachOut gave care for over 2,000 students of the Peoria Unified School District in Greater Phoenix. ReachOut gave care to twenty Peoria USD schools that have lots of poor children. The ReachOut website has leters from a school nurse in Tucson, Arizona and an elementary school principal of the Deer Valley Unified School District in Greater Phoenix which say good things about ReachOut.

Related pages
 All Smiles Dental Centers
 Small Smiles Dental Centers

Sources

Other websites
ReachOut Healthcare America 
 Big Smiles Dental (Alternate link) - operated by ReachOut
 Reach Out Healthcare America ." Moriarty Leyendecker (law company that is suing ReachOut)
 Collins, Katie. "Big Smiles dentists visits Thomson Primary School." Brush News-Tribune. April 17, 2012.

Companies based in Arizona
Dentistry
Phoenix, Arizona
1997 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Arizona
Health care companies of the United States
Hinglaj Shakti Peeth is a place of worship and pilgrimage of Hindu religion. It is in Surendranagar District, in Kadasar village, Rajkot, Gujarat.

It is also known by the names  Hingdaj,  Bhavani and Hingraj Mata

History
To stop the divine dance (Tandava) of Lord Shiva after the death of Dakshayani, Lord Vishnu scattered Shiva's remains over many places on the Indian subcontinent. It is said that the head fell at Hingula or Hinglaj. Because of this, this place is considered the most important of the 51 Shakti Peeths. At each of the Peeths, Bhairava (a manifestation of Shiva) accompanies the relics. The Bhairava at Hinglaj is called Bhimalochana. It is in Koteshwar, Kutch. The Sanskrit texts mention the part as 'Brahmadreya' or vital essence.

Shri Hingdaj Mata brought from Pakistan (Balochistan) to Kadasar village. Kadasar is in Rajkot, Gujarat.

Historically, this area is called Saurashtra. It is the worship place for Mata Hingdaj. One day, Harsidhhi Mata and Vikram Raja came to Hingdaj ‘Shakti Peeth’.

Kuldevi
Hinglaj is worshiped as Kuldevi by many Kshatriya, Bhavsar, Barot and Rao of India.

Temples
Hinglaj Mata Temple also known as Hingdaj Mata, Hingraj Mata Temple in India.
Hinglaj Mata Temple in Mahesana (hinglajpura), Gujarat.
Shri Hinglaj Mata Temple at Rajula, Gujarat(MAHUVA RAJULA ROAD).
Hinglaj Mata Temple at Rajasthan, India.
Hinglaj Mata Temple at Pakistan (Balochistan)
Hinglaj Mata Temple at Tikamgarh, Madhya Pradesh
Hinglaj Mata Mandir (Bhuti)Takhatgarh, Rajasthan
Hinglaj Mata Mandir at Mumbai.
Shree Hinglaj Mata (Hingula Mata) Temple at Talcher, Orissa, Puri
Hingdaj Mataji temple at Bapunagar, Ahmedabad.
Hinglaj mataji Temple at Ambada, India.

References

Hindu temples
Gujarat
Self-organization is a process where some form of order  arises out of a random system. The process is spontaneous: it happens on its own. It is not directed or controlled by any agent inside or outside the system.

Self-organization occurs in a variety of physical, chemical, biological, social and cognitive systems. A common example is crystallization. An example from biological chemistry is the lipid bilayer, which is the basis of the cell membrane, and so is of great importance.

Many self-organising things have properties which are "emergent". What this means is that one can't predict what will happen, usually because the possibilities are too many to study. Some examples:
Protein folding: after RNA translation, proteins fold themselves up into their working shape. For every protein there are one or two shapes which are stable, but it is almost impossible to predict the folding from the sequence of amino acids.
Liberal economic theory argues that free market economies create a spontaneous order, "a more efficient allocation of societal resources than any design could achieve". Friedrich Hayek. This is the concept of the "invisible hand" (Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations). By acting on information with greater detail and accuracy than is possible for any centralized authority, a more efficient economy is created to the benefit of the whole society.

References

Related pages 
Autopoiesis

Systems theory
Biology
is a museum in Okayama Prefecture, Japan.  The museum is in the city of Okayama.

The collection includes important historical objects from the local area.

References

Other websites

 http://www.pref.okayama.jp/kyoiku/kenhaku/English.htm 

Museums in Japan
Okayama Prefecture
French Indochina is a region that consists of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. It became part of the French colonial empire in the late 19th century. The Japanese Empire conquered it in the Second World War, and other wars went on for decades. 

Asia
Venusia is a small town in Basilicata, southern Italy.

Towns in Italy
Settlements in Basilicata
Peer Gynt is a dramatic poem by Henrik Ibsen, written in 1867. Ibsen based this work on Norse fairy tales written by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen.  Asbjørnsen had written these stories about 1848-1850. Ibsen wrote the poem to analyse and criticize the romantic nationalist movement that was present in Norway during that time. 

Originally, Peer Gynt was a poem, but Ibsen later adapted it to be a stage play. Edvard Grieg composed the original music for the stage. The first performance was on 24 February 1876, in Christiania, modern-day Oslo. The musical score for the play is made of 26 pieces. In 1888 and 1891, Grieg took eight pieces, and comined them into two suites, of four pieces each. These are known as the Peer Gynt Suites today, and are widely known.

Many movies were made about the subject, the first in 1915.

Poems
Plays
is a museum in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. It is one of many museums supported by prefectures in Japan. The museum is in the Nagaoyama Park in the city of Katsuyama.

Because of a number of dinosaur fossils found here, the whole city of Katsuyama was called “Dinosaur Valley Fukui Katsuyama Geopark” in 2008.

Guide tours are held here during warm seasons. It is said to be one of the Three Greatest Dinosaur Museums with The Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology in Canada and The Zigong Dinosaur Museum in China.

As of 2020, more than 11 milion people visited the museum in total.

History
The museum was opened in 2000, close to a real dinosaur remains site. It was built in Katsuyama because a lot of fossils have been found there since 1989. Famous fossils such as Fukuiraptor and Fukuisaurus are also showed in this museum.

The building was designed by Kisho Kurokawa.

The building was made in a dome shape.

The cost of the construction was about 14 billion Japanese Yen. 

In 2014, a dinosaur building was opened outside, in which people can experience digging fossil as they look at the remains.

Exhibits 
The exhibition is divided into 5 zones: "Dino Street", "World of Dinosaurs", "Science of the Earth", "History of Life", and "Dino Lab". 44 skeletons of dinosaurs including 10 original fossils are displayed in the "World of Dinosaurs" zone. 

The “Science of the Earth” zone shows the earth from two points of view--“Water and the Earth” and “Fire and the Earth”. People can see how active the Earth is by observing its sediments, rocks, and minerals. 

The “History of Life” zone shows the origin of life and vertebrates, and how they have evolved for 4.6 billion years. Organisms on the Earth have evolved through a repeated cycle of evolution and extinction. As living organisms and environment influenced each other, the present Earth environment was formed. You can read the story of life as told by these fossils.

References

Other websites
 Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum website
 Dinosaur Valley Fukui Katsuyama Geopark website
 Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum on Japan National Tourism Organization website

Museums in Japan
Dinosaurs
2000 establishments in Japan
Fukui Prefecture
Giacobbe "Jake" LaMotta (July 10, 1922 – 19 September 2017), nicknamed "The Bronx Bull" and "The Raging Bull," was an American retired professional boxer and former World Middleweight Champion. He was played by Robert De Niro in the 1980 movie Raging Bull.

LaMotta was an Italian-American. He was born on July 10, 1921 in The Bronx, New York City. He has been married six times. He has four daughters.

LaMotta died on September 19, 2017 at a retirement home in Aventura, Florida from complications of pneumonia at 95 years old.

References

Other websites

1921 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Florida
People with Alzheimer's disease
American boxers
Sportspeople from New York City
People from the Bronx
Joey Lynn King (born on July 30, 1999) is an American teen movie, television, voice actress, singer and model, who is perhaps best known for her most prominent roles as Ramona Quimby in Ramona and Beezus. King also appeared in The Dark Knight Rises, Oz the Great and Powerful, Family Weekend, White House Down, and in The Conjuring. She has won a Young Artist Award. Her entire showbiz and entertainment career officially began in 2002. She had also begun by appearing in several commercial ads at such a young age of 4.

King was born on July 30, 1999 in Los Angeles, California. She was raised in Los Angeles, California. King has also stated that she is "part Jewish and part Christian, but she's more and mostly Jewish".

References

Other Websites

1999 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Jewish American actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Singers from Los Angeles
Models from Los Angeles
Richard A. "Rick" Baker (born December 8, 1950) is an American special makeup effects artist known for his creature effect makeup. He has won seven Academy Awards.

Baker was born in Binghamton, New York on December 8, 1950. He studied at the Academy of Art University.

References

Other websites

Academy Award winning make-up artists
1950 births
Living people
Make-up artists
People from Binghamton, New York
Academy Award winners
is a city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan.

Geography

Surrounding municipalities
 Fukui Prefecture
 Eiheiji
 Fukui
 Ōno
 Sakai
 Ishikawa Prefecture
 Hakusan
 Kaga
 Komatsu

Population
From the Japanese census data,

References

Other websites
 Official website

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Fukui Prefecture
Juno Violet Temple (born 21 July 1989) is an English movie, television, stage, and voice actress who is known for her roles in Atonement, Dirty Girl, St Trinian's, Killer Joe and in The Dark Knight Rises.

Temple was born on 21 July 1989 in London, England to Amanda Pirie and to Julien Temple. She studied at Enmore Primary School, Bedales School, and at King's College.

References

Other websites

1989 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
Child actors
Actors from London
Sylvia Maria Kristel (28 September 1952  18 October 2012) was a Dutch erotic actress who acted in many movies. She was most notable for her role in the Emmanuelle movies from the 1970s through to the early 1990s.

The most successful film in her career was Private Lessons (1981). She played the housekeeper who initiates a 15-year-old to the wonders of sex. The film grossed over $50,000,000 worldwide.

Kristel was born on 28 September 1952 in Utrecht, Netherlands. She died on the afternoon of 18 October 2012 in Amsterdam, Netherlands from oesophageal and lung cancer, aged 60. She is survived by her son.

In September 2006, Kristel's autobiography Nue (Nude) was published in France. It was translated into English as Undressing Emmanuelle: a memoir, by Fourth Estate, 2007. . She told of her turbulent personal life blighted by addictions to drugs and alcohol. Her quest for a father figure led to some destructive relationships with older men. The book received some positive reviews.

References

Other websites 

1952 births
2012 deaths
Cancer deaths in the Netherlands
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Deaths from lung cancer
Dutch movie actors
Dutch stage actors
Dutch television actors
Dutch voice actors
People from Utrecht (city)
Paul Berg (born June 30, 1926) is an American biochemist (a person who studies chemistry in living things).  He was given the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980, with Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger. The award recognized their contributions to basic research on nucleic acids.  

Berg received his undergraduate education at Penn State University, where he majored in biochemistry.  He received his Ph.D. in biochemistry from Case Western Reserve University in 1952.  

After 1959 Berg worked at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.  There he taught biochemistry from 1959 until 2000. He served as director of the Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine from 1985 until 2000.  He is now professor emeritus at Stanford University.

In addition to the Nobel Prize, Berg was given with the National Medal of Science in 1983 and the National Library of Medicine Medal in 1986.

Berg is famous for his pioneering work involving recombinant DNA, the process of inserting DNA from another species into a molecule, leading to the development of modern genetic engineering.  After developing the technique, Berg used it for his studies of viral genomes.

References 

1926 births
Living people
American biochemists
American Nobel Prize winners
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
American molecular biologists
Stanford University faculty
Educators from New York City
Thomas Robert Cech (born December 8, 1947 in Chicago) is an American chemist who shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Sidney Altman. They discovered that RNA was a catalyst. Cech discovered that RNA could itself cut strands of RNA, which showed that life could have started as RNA.

Career 
Cech also studied telomeres, and his lab discovered an enzyme, TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase), which helps to restore telomeres after they are shortened during cell division. 

As president of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, he promoted science education, and he teaches an undergraduate chemistry course at the University of Colorado.

Research
Cech's main research area is transcription in the nucleus of cells. He studies how the genetic code of DNA is transcribed into RNA. In the 1970s, Cech discovered that an unprocessed RNA molecule could splice itself. 

In 1982, Cech became the first to show that RNA molecules are not restricted to being passive carriers of genetic information  they can have catalytic functions and can take part in cellular reactions. RNA-processing reactions and protein synthesis on ribosomes are catalysed by RNA. RNA enzymes are known as ribozymes and are now used for gene technology. They also cut and destroy invading viral RNAs.

References

Other websites

 Tom Cech iBioMagazine talk: "Discovering Ribozymes"
 Chemical and Engineering News
 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989: Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech
 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989: Illustrated Presentation
 Nobel autobiography

1947 births
Living people
American academics
American molecular biologists
American Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from Chicago
Educators from Chicago
A reverse transcriptase is an enzyme which works 'backwards' from RNA to DNA. Normal transcription involves the synthesis of RNA from DNA; reverse transcription is the reverse of this. It is a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single-stranded RNA into single-stranded DNA. It also synthesizes a second strand of DNA complementary to the reverse-transcribed single-stranded cDNA. 

Well studied reverse transcriptases include:
 HIV-1 reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ()
 M-MLV reverse transcriptase from the Moloney murine leukemia virus
 AMV reverse transcriptase from the avian myeloblastosis virus
 Telomerase reverse transcriptase that maintains the telomeres of eukaryotic chromosomes

History 
Reverse transcriptase was discovered by Howard Temin at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in a cancer virus. It was independently isolated by David Baltimore in 1970 at MIT from two RNA tumour viruses. For their achievements, they shared the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (with Renato Dulbecco).

The idea of reverse transcription was very unpopular at first because it contradicted the central dogma of molecular biology. This states that DNA is transcribed into RNA which is then translated into proteins. However, in 1970 when Howard Temin and David Baltimore both independently discovered the enzyme responsible for reverse transcription, the possibility that genetic information could be passed on in this manner was finally accepted.

Out of this work has come the idea that the first genomes were made of RNA genes. The RNA genes surviving today might be all that remain of this early condition. Reverse transcriptase might be the remnant of a stage when DNA genes were made by copying RNA genes. This theory is relevant to the earliest stages of evolution. Reverse transcription is also used by various semi-independent elements called transposons.

References 

Enzymes
Stephen Richard Turnbull (born 6 February 1948) is a British academic, historian and writer. He is a specialist in Far Eastern military history.  He is best known for his writing about the samurai of Japan.

Early life
Turnbull earned a degree at Cambridge University. 

Further studies led to his earning an MA in Theology and an MA in Military History.  He was awarded a PhD from the University of Leeds.

Career
Turnbull is a lecturer in Far Eastern Religions at Leeds.

Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Louis-Frédéric, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 100+ works in 400+ publications in 15 languages and 15,000+ library holdings. 
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.

 Samurai armies, 1550–1615, 1979
 The Mongols, 1980
 The Book of the Samurai, 1982
 The Book of the Medieval Knight, 1985
 Samurai Warriors, 1987
 Samurai Warlords: The Book of the Daimyō, 1989
 Ninja: The True Story of Japan's Secret Warrior Cult, 1991
 The Samurai: A Military History, 1996
 Samurai Warfare, 1997
 The Samurai Sourcebook, 1998
 Nagashino 1575: Slaughter at the Barricades, 2000
 Ashigaru 1467–1649: Weapons, Armour, Tactics, 2001
 The Knight Triumphant: The High Middle Ages, 1314–1485, 2001
 Samurai Heraldry, 2002
 Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War, 1592–1598, 2002
 War in Japan: 1467–1615, 2002
 Genghis Khan & the Mongol Conquests 1190–1400, 2003
 Japanese castles, 1540–1640, 2003
 Japanese Warrior Monks AD 949–1603, 2003
 Kawanakajima 1553–1564: Samurai Power Struggle, 2003
 Ninja AD 1460–1650, 2003
 Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights, 2003
 The Walls of Constantinople: AD 324–1453, 2004
 Warriors of Medieval Japan, 2005
 Samurai Commanders,  2005
 Samurai: the world of the warrior, 2006
 The Samurai Swordsman: Master of War, 2008

Honors
 British Association for Japanese Studies, Cannon Prize.

References

Other websites
  Turnbull, Stephen R. at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

British historians
Japanologists
1948 births
Living people
WorldCat is an online catalog stystem which lists the combined collections of 70,000+ libraries in 170 countries.  

WorldCat was built by the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC), which is a global cooperative of libraries.  WorldCat is maintained by the group of libraries.

History
In the 1970s, OCLC grew from a regional computer system for 54 Ohio colleges into an international network. 

In 1979, the first Canadian and the first international library joined OCLC.

Timeline
On August 26, 1971, the OCLC Online Union Catalog, now called WorldCat, went online. 

 1975 -- Library and Archives Canada begins adding records

 1978 -- Koninklijke Bibliotheek (National Library of the Netherlands) begins to participate

 1985 -- British Library begins adding UKMARC records

 1987 -- National Library of Scotland begins adding 

 1987 -- National Library of Wales begins contributing 

 1987 -- National Central Library, Taiwan begins adding 

 1991 -- Six staff members from the National Library of China help OCLC to add a computerized catalog of Chinese books

 1991 -- National Library of Turkey becomes an OCLC member

 1992 -- The National Library of Australia begins contributing 

 1992 -- National and University Library of Iceland begins adding 

 1995 -- National Library of the Czech Republic begins contributing 

 1997 -- National Library of New Zealand begins contributing

 1998 -- National Library of Ireland begins adding

 1999 -- National Diet Library of Japan begins adding records for Western-language materials 

 1999 -- National Library of Lithuania begins contributing 

 1999 -- National Library of South Africa begins adding 

 2002 -- Singapore National Union Catalog is added 

 2003 -- Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (German National Library), the Library of Congress and OCLC agree to develop a Virtual International Authority File

 2003 -- Chilean Directorate of Libraries, Archives, and Museums (DIBAM) of the National Library begin contributing

 2004 -- Bibliothèque nationale de France begins contributing

 2005 -- National Library of Finland begins adding

 2005 -- Iraqi National Library and Archive begins adding 

 2006 -- Deutsche Nationalbibliothek adds 4 million new records 

 2006 -- Dutch Union Catalog is added

 2007 -- National Library of Mexico begins adding

 2007 -- Swiss National Library adds

 2007 -- Kungliga biblioteket (National Library of Sweden) adds

 2008 -- National Library Service, Barbados adds

 2008 -- National Library of Israel adds 

 2008 -- National Library of Spain adds

 2008 -- Royal Library of Denmark and Danish Bibliographic Centre add

 2009 -- National and University Library of Slovenia begins adding 

 2010 -- National Library of Serbia begins adding

 2012 -- National Library of Norway begins adding

References

More reading

Other websites 
 WorldCat website
 WorldCat Identities
   What is OCLC?

1971 establishments
Websites
Somapura Mahavihara (Sanskrit;  Shompur Môhabihar) in Paharpur, Badalgachhi Upazila, Naogaon District, Bangladesh is among the best known Buddhist viharas in the Indian subcontinent. It is one of the most important archaeological sites in the country. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.

Buildings and structures in Bangladesh
Buddhist buildings
World Heritage Sites in Asia
Islam in Lebanon is divided between four Muslim sects; Shias, Sunnis, Alawites, and Ismailis including the Druze. 
Muslims (including Druze) account for 59% of the total population of Lebanon, where 39% are Christians. Shiites - about 27%  of the total population of Lebanon - live mostly in the northern area of the Beqaa Valley, Southern Lebanon and southern areas of Beirut. About 26% of the Lebanese population is Sunni, concentrated largely in coastal cities like west Beirut, Tripoli and Sidon.  The Druze account for 5% of the population.

References

Lebanon
Lebanon
Ludovico Ariosto (Reggio Emilia, 8 September 1474 – Ferrara 6 July 1533) was an Italian poet. He is best known as the author of the romance epic Orlando Furioso (1516). The poem is a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato. It tells about the adventures of Charlemagne, Orlando, and the Franks as they fight the Saracens with diversions into many side plots. Ariosto composed the poem in the ottava rima rhyme scheme and introduced narrative commentary throughout the work.

Ariosto spent the greater part of his life at Ferrara including many years in the service of Cardinal Ippolito d'Este and then of Duke Alfonso I. His poem Orlando Furioso is designed to exalt the Este family; in its final form it was first published in 1532. It is the greatest of the Italian romantic epics. Ariosto also wrote lyric poetry in Italian and Latin, some satires and four comedies.

Minor works
 La Tragedia di Tisbe (1493) 
 La Cassaria (1508) 
 I Suppositi (1509) 
 Il Negromante (1520) 
 La Lena (1528) 
 Studenti (1518)

References 

1474 births
1533 deaths
Italian poets
The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) is a United States federal law which was signed by the then-President Bill Clinton on September 21, 1996. The law defines that marriage can only be between one man and one woman in regard to federal or inter state recognition purposes in the United States. Under this law, no U.S. State or political subdivision is required to recognize same-sex marriage from outside States. However, the Obama Administration, in 2011, announced that Section 3 was declared unconstitutional and would no longer defend it in courts. The Section 3 part of DOMA has been marked as not constitutional by eight federal courts as of 2012. Currently, 16 states and the District of Columbia perform same sex marriage, although that could change in upcoming years. On June 26, 2013, Section 3 of the act was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States.

References

Other page 
Same-sex marriage in the United States

Marriage
LGBT rights
LGBT in the United States
United States federal legislation
1996 in the United States
1990s in law