cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Leon County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. It was formed on December 29, 1824. As of 2008, 264,063 people lived there. Leon County's seat is Tallahassee.

Other websites
Official county website

Florida counties
1824 establishments in Florida Territory
Liberty County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. It was formed on December 29, 1824. As of 2000, 7,021 people lived there. Liberty County's seat is Bristol.

References

Other websites
Official county website

Florida counties
1855 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in Florida
The Scottish Highlands is an historic region of Scotland. It is the area to the north of the Highland Boundary Fault. The fault separates the hard igneous and metamorphic rocks to the north from the softer sedimentary rocks of the Scottish Lowlands in the south. 

The Highlands are divided in two parts. The Great Glen divides the Grampian Mountains to the southeast from the Northwest Highlands.

Population 
The area is generally sparsely populated, with many mountain ranges, and includes the highest mountain in the British Isles, Ben Nevis. 

Before the 19th century the Highlands was home to a much larger population but, for several reasons, the area is now one of the most sparsely populated in Europe. The average population density in the Highlands and Islands is lower than that of Sweden, Norway, Papua New Guinea and Argentina.

The reasons for the low population include the harsh nature of the land. Also, the outlawing of the traditional Highland way of life after the Jacobite Rising of 1745, the infamous Highland Clearances, and mass migration to urban areas during the Industrial Revolution all had their effects.

People from this region are traditionally called highlanders.

Religion 
Like the Scottish islands, the Highlands are a stronghold of Protestant churches. There is the Kirk (the national Presbyterian Church of Scotland), but the Wee Frees (Free Church of Scotland, several versions) are the typical religion of the Highlands and Islands. Old-style observance of the Sabbath is typical of these areas.

Geography of Scotland
Francis Richard "Dick" Scobee (May 19, 1939 - January 28, 1986) was an American astronaut. He was flying as the commander of Space Shuttle Challenger when the shuttle exploded. In the explosion, Scobee and six other astronauts were killed. 

Scobee was selected for NASA's astronaut program in January 1978 and he completed his training in August 1979. In April 1984, Scobee piloted the Challenger mission STS-41-C, which successfully deployed one satellite and repaired another.

Challenger STS-51-L
He was elevated to the role of spacecraft commander for the STS-51-L mission (Challenger mission). The mission was designed to deploy a satellite to study the approaching Halley's Comet and to inaugurate the Teacher in Space Project. It was delayed several times due to bad weather and technical glitches. When they did the mission, an O-ring seal failure destroyed the shuttle 73 seconds into the flight, killing Scobee and the other six members of the crew; the tragedy was viewed live on national television and prompted several days of national mourning.

Personal life
Scobee is survived by his wife Virginia June Kent, and two children, Kathie R. (Scobee) Fulgham and Lieutenant General Richard W. Scobee, USAF.

Other websites
Scobee's bio at NASA

American astronauts
People from Washington
1939 births
1986 deaths
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
The Scottish Lowlands is the part of Scotland not referred to as the Highlands.

That is everywhere south and east of the Highland Boundary Fault, between Stonehaven and Helensburgh (on the Firth of Clyde). 

Geographically, Scotland Lowlands are divided into two distinct areas: the Central Lowlands, and the Southern Uplands. 

The southernmost counties of Scotland, nearest the border with England, are also known as the Borders.

Central Lowlands 
The Central Lowlands or Midland Valley is a geologically defined area of relatively low-lying  land in southern Scotland. It consists of a rift valley between the Highland Boundary Fault to the north and the Southern Uplands Fault to the south. The Central Lowlands are one of the three main geographical sub-divisions of Scotland, the other two being the Highlands and Islands which lie to the north and west and the Southern Uplands, which lie south of the second fault line.

Human geography 
The Midland Valley has fertile low-lying agricultural land and significant deposits of valuable coal and iron have led to the Central Lowlands being much more densely populated than the rest of Scotland. 

The major cities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Stirling and Dundee all lie in the Central Lowlands, and over half of Scotland's population lives in this region.

Southern Uplands 

The Southern Uplands is the least populated of mainland Scotland's three major geographic areas. They lie south of the Southern Uplands Fault line that runs from Ballantrae on the Ayrshire coast northeastwards to Dunbar in East Lothian on the North Sea coast, a distance of some . The term is used both to describe the geographical region and to collectively denote the various ranges of hills within this region.

Southern Uplands Fault 
The Southern Uplands Fault  in Scotland is a fault that runs from Girvan (or more specifically from the Rhins of Galloway) to Dunbar on the East coast. It marks the southern boundary of the Scottish Midland Valley.

References 

Geography of Scotland
The Grampian Mountains or Grampians  are one of the three major mountain ranges in Scotland, occupying a considerable portion of the Scottish Highlands in northeast Scotland. They occupy almost half the land-area of Scotland.

The Grampians extend southwest to northeast between the Highland Boundary Fault (south) and the Great Glen (north). This includes the Cairngorms and the Lochaber hills. The range includes Ben Nevis (the highest point in the British Isles at 1,344 metres above sea level) and Ben Macdui (the second highest at 1,309 metres).

The mountains are composed of granite, and metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, marble, schists and quartzite. The other major mountain ranges in Scotland are the Northwest Highlands and the Southern Uplands.

References 

Geography of Scotland
Mountains of the United Kingdom
Exposé is an American pop-rock group. The group was formed in 1984. Members of the group included Ann Curless, Jeanette Jurado and Gioia Bruno. They had success in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Exposé are the first music group to have four top 10 hit songs on the Billboard Hot 100. The group have had over 25 million records worldwide.

Albums 
 Exposure (1987)
 What You Don't Know (1989)
 Exposé (1992)

1980s music groups
1990s music groups
American pop music groups
American girl groups
Musical groups established in 1984
Musical groups from Miami, Florida
Physique is the makeup (build, constitution, figure, form, shape) of a person's body. Constitution or body type refer to a number of classification systems used to empirically or theoretically classify the body shape of human individuals.

Related pages
Bodybuilding
Obesity
Physical attractiveness
Physical fitness
Underweight

References

Society
Fitness
Physiques
The Andean condor (Vultur gryphus), is a vulture-like bird species found in the Andes mountains and adjacent Pacific coasts of western South America. It is the largest flying land bird in the Western Hemisphere and the heaviest member of the order Accipitriformes. The condor is primarily a scavenger, feeding on carrion, and belongs to the New World vulture.

Although about 5 cm shorter (beak to tail) on average than the California condor, the Andean condor is undoubtedly larger in wingspan: 108-122 in (274–310 cm). It is also heavier: up to 24-33 lb (11–15 kg) for males and 16-24 lb (7.5–11 kg) for females. Overall length can range from 46 to 53 inches (117 to 135 cm). Measurements are usually taken from specimens reared in captivity.

Birds of South America
Vultures
Accipitriformes
The black vulture (Coragyps atratus), also known as the American black vulture, is a bird in the New World vulture family.

Its range is from the southeastern United States to Central Chile and Uruguay in South America. It is a common and widespread species, but less so than the turkey vulture, which breeds well into Canada and south to Tierra del Fuego. Despite the similar name and appearance, this species is unrelated to the Eurasian black vulture.

Birds of North America
Vultures
Accipitriformes
Birds of South America
Mark Dayton (born January 26, 1947) is an American politician. He was the 40th Governor of Minnesota from 2011 to 2019. He was the United States Senator from Minnesota 2001 to 2007. He is a member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party. He ran for Governor in 1998, but lost the nomination to Skip Humphrey.

In January 2017, Dayton was diagnosed with prostate cancer.

References

1947 births
Living people
United States senators from Minnesota
Governors of Minnesota
People with cancer
US Democratic Party politicians
Politicians from Minneapolis, Minnesota
Welcome to Paradise is a song by rock band Green Day. It first appeared on their second album Kerplunk in 1992. A new version appeared on the album Dookie in 1994.

Song meaning
The song is about young people moving out of their parents' home.

The song was written by Billie Joe Armstrong.

Music video
The music video shows Billie Joe (Green Day's singer) playing a West Oakland citizen who watches a dangerous notoriety caused by a group of thugs then he goes home to watch the citizens and what they do each day.

Differences between Kerplunk and Dookie version
The Kerplunk version has a slower sound and the Dookie version is more fast paced and also both versions have slightly different lyrics. The original version of the song from Kerplunk was not a single but the Dookie version was.

The album cover for Dookie in fact, shows a comedic depiction of chaos happening in West Oakland.

In the booklet for the Dookie album a cartoonish drawing in West Oakland is shown.

References

Green Day songs
1994 songs
Charge conjugation describes a type of symmetry of nature.  To preform a charge conjugation, one would exchange all particles with their corresponding antiparticles.  This action would create a physical system where everything would be the same except the electromagnetic charge would be reversed.  For example, one could make an antihydrogen atom with an antiproton and an antielectron.  This would result in an atom with a negatively charged nucleus orbited by a positively charged positron.  The masses of the nucleus and the lepton orbiting the nucleus would remain unchanged.  If the behavior of the system (such as the atom mentioned above) remains unchanged after charge conjugation, the system is said to be symmetric with respect to charge conjugation.  This symmetry is also known as "C symmetry."

Mathematics
Symmetry
"Another Love Song'" is a 1999 midwest hip hop song by the American Horrorcore band Insane Clown Posse and is the first single from their fifth studio album The Amazing Jeckel Brothers, which was released in 1999. The song was produced by Insane Clown Posse and Mike Clark. The main music for "Another Love Song" comes from the 1996 single "Jack-Ass" from Beck.

Insane Clown Posse songs
1999 songs
Bizzar is the sixth studio album by American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse and is the second half of Bizaar. It was released on October 31, 2000. The producer of the album were Mike E. Clark. While on the Howard Stern show, ICP talked with Sharon Osbourne who bet $50, 000 they could not sell more than 200,000 copies, and that it would be subsequently dropped from its distributor. Violent J predicted that the group's next album would sell at least 500,000 units and they sold 400,000 units but Sharon never paid them. They left Island Records after Bizaar and Bizzar because their contract expired.

2000 albums
Insane Clown Posse albums
{{Infobox Album
| name = Bang! Pow! Boom! 
| type = studio
| artist = Insane Clown Posse
| cover = 
| released = September 1, 2009
| recorded = 2008-2009
| genre = HorrorcoreMidwest hip hop
| length = 72:49
| language = English
| label = Psychopathic
| producer = Mike E. Clark
| Reviews     = * Allmusic  
Consequence of Sound 
The Detroit News (B)
Kik Axe Music Original:Nuclear edition:
Metro Times (favorable)
Washington City Paper 
| prev_title = The Tempest(2007)
! Pow! Boom!(2009)
| next_title = The Mighty Death Pop!(2011)
}}Bang! Boom! Pow!''''' is the eleventh studio album by American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on September 1, 2009. The producer of the album was Mike E. Clark. The album is the first in a set of six new Joker's Cards since the conclusion of the original Joker's Cards. The music video for their song, "Miracles" became viral and was known for being parodied on Saturday Night Live which Insane Clown Posse called "A huge honor".

The album peaked at number 4 on the Billboard 200, peaked number 1 on the Top Independent Albums and peaked at number 3 on the Top Rap Albums.

References

2009 albums
Insane Clown Posse albums
{{Infobox Album
| name = The Mighty Death Pop! 
| type = studio
| artist = Insane Clown Posse
| cover = 
| released = August 14, 2012
| recorded = 
| genre = HorrorcoreMidwest hip hop
| length = 
| language = English
| label = Psychopathic
| producer = Mike E. Clark
| Reviews     = * Allmusic 
| prev_title = Bang! Pow! Boom!(2009)
!(2012)
| next_title = Smothered, Covered & Chunked(2012)
}}The Mighty Death Pop!''' is the twelfth studio album by American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on August 14, 2012. The Mike E. Clark produced the album. The album is the second in a set of six Joker's Cards since the conclusion of the original Joker's Cards. The album features guest singers such as Hopsin and Tech N9ne on the song "Skreem!". They released their first single "Chris Benoit''" from the album and it's about the professional wrestler Chris Benoit who died in a murder-suicide after he killed his wife and son.

References

2012 albums
Insane Clown Posse albums
Michael Earl Clark (born December 25, 1962) is an American record producer and DJ. Mike E. Clark has worked with famous musicians and groups like Insane Clown Posse, Kid Rock and George Clinton. As of 2012 he had produced all twelve of the Insane Clown Posse's albums.

Other websites
Mike E. Clark's Official website 

1962 births
Living people
American record producers
DJs
Entertainers from Michigan
"Miracles'" is a 2010 midwest hip hop song by the American Horrorcore band Insane Clown Posse and is the first single from their eleventh studio album Bang! Pow! Boom!, which was released in 2009. The song was produced by Insane Clown Posse and Mike Clark. The song is also known becoming an internet meme.

The music video for the song became viral, and was parodied by Saturday Night Live which Insane Clown Posse called "a huge honor".

References

Other websites
Know Your Meme article

Insane Clown Posse songs
2010 songs
Music memes
The rosids are a large clade of flowering plants. It includes about 70,000 species, more than a quarter of all angiosperms. 

The rosids are divided into 17  orders. These orders together make up about 140 families. The rosids and the asterids are by far the largest clades in the eudicots.

Fossil rosids are known from the Cretaceous period. Molecular clock estimates indicate that the rosids originated in the Aptian or Albian stages of the Cretaceous, between 125 and 99.6 million years ago (mya).

Three different definitions of the rosids are in use. Some authors include the order Saxifragales in the rosids. Others exclude it.

References
Commelinales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It is considered that the Commelinales together with Zingiberales evolved in the Late Cretaceous around 80 millions of years ago. Two of the best-known genera in the order are Commelina and Tradescantia. Commelinales is made of the families Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Phylidraceae, and Pondteriaceae. Another name for this plant order is the Haemodorales.

Monocots
White Center is a place in King County, Washington, United States. It is near Seattle and Burien. It is connected to Burien and has been ever since April 1, 2010. There were 13,495 people living in White Center in 2010.

Geography

About 99.71% of White Center is land and .29% is water.

Statistics

There are 7,542 homes in White Center. Though, 35.6% have children that are under 18 living in the homes. Another 6.7% are seniors age 65 and older in a home by themselves.

Education

White Center is a part of the Highline School District. Schools cover most of the Southwestern King County.  Elementary schools include Beverly Park Elementary, Mount View Elementary, Southern Heights Elementary, and White Center Heights Elementary. Secondary schools include Cascade Middle School, New Start High School, and Evergreen High School. Evergreen has three "small schools" on its campus, namely the Arts & Academic Academy, the Health, Science, & Human Services School, and the Technology, Engineering, & Communications Schools.

Notable people

Jack Thompson, American Samoan football player
Richard Hugo, poet
Massive Monkees, winners of America's Best Dance Crew

References

Other websites
White Center Community Development Association

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
The turkey vulture (Cathartes aura), is a bird found throughout most of the Americas. It is also known as the turkey buzzard (or just buzzard), and in some areas of the Caribbean as John crow or carrion crow. 

It is one of three species in the genus Cathartes, ranging from southern Canada to the southernmost tip of South America. It lives in open and semi-open areas, including subtropical forests, shrublands, pastures, and deserts. 

The turkey vulture got its common name from the resemblance of the adult's bald red head and its dark plumage to that of the male wild turkey. The name "vulture" comes from the Latin word vulturus, meaning "tearer", and is a reference to its feeding habits.

Vultures
Cathartidae
Ciconiiformes
The Battle of Wuhan was a Japanese attack on the Chinese city of Wuhan during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The battle started on February 1938 and ended on October 1938. The city of Wuhan had a military base with 1,100,000 Chinese soldiers. The Japanese, planned to encircle and invade Wuchang. In October, the Chinese army was able to retreat out of Wuhan.

1938
1930s in Asia
Wuhan
Second Sino-Japanese War
Tatsu (Dragon) is a steel rollercoaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California, United States. It was opened (people could go on it) on May 13, 2006. It is one of the coasters considered to be Six Flags Magic Mountain's signature roller coaster. The roller coaster is located in the Samurai Summit section of the park. It is a flying type coaster, which means it is suspended below the track, with riders secured so that their backs are parallel to the track. The maximum speed of the ride is 62 mph and it also broke records with a 124-foot (38 m) pretzel loop. It is also the only flying type to feature a Zero-gravity roll.

Media coverage
Tatsu has been featured on three different shows:
The show Who Wants To Be A Superhero which makes use of Tatsu for season two's third episode.
The MTV series Parental Control which featured footage of two contestants riding Tatsu.
Discovery Channel program Mega Builders which dedicated an episode to the construction of Tatsu.

Other websites
Tatsu at sixflags.com

Buildings and structures in California
Steel roller coasters
Roller coasters by name
Roller coasters in California
2006 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in California
Alaska Airlines () is a large airline from the United States. They are headquartered in Seattle, Washington, where they have one of their four hubs. Alaska Airlines also has hubs in Anchorage, Alaska, Los Angeles, California and Portland, Oregon. The company was named the top "Traditional Carrier" in customer satisfaction for the third year in a row by J. D. Power and Associates. As of 2016, it goes to 104 cities and has 164 airplanes.

History
Alaska Airlines began in 1932 with the name "McGee Airways". McGee Airways was combined with several other airlines in 1934 and this created "Star Air Lines".  The name was finally changed to "Alaska Airlines" on May 2, 1944.  Starting in 1947, Alaska Airlines bought many new planes. In the 1950s, Alaska Airlines started flying many worldwide charter (irregular) flights. The government later said that Alaska Airlines could only fly in the state of Alaska. In 1961, Alaska Airlines started flying to the Continental United States. In the 1970s, Alaska Airlines started flying charters to the Soviet Union.  In 1972, Alaska Airlines introduced its famous "Eskimo" logo which is still used today.  In 1985, Alaska started flying to many new cities in the West Coast of the United States. In 1988, Alaska Airlines started its first flights to Mexico. In the 1990s, Alaska Airlines became the first to sell tickets on the internet, to have self-service check-in and to have GPS on its planes.  On January 31, 2000, an Alaska Airlines plane crashed in the Pacific Ocean. That crash led to many changes at the airline over the following years.  Alaska Airlines introduced a brand new logo on January 25, 2016.  Alaska Airlines and Virgin America announced plans to merge on April 4, 2016. The merged airline kept the Alaska Airlines name, with Virgin America flying for the last time on April 24, 2018.

Gallery

References

Other websites 
 Alaska Air's Official website

1932 establishments in North America
Airlines of the United States
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Low-cost airlines
Transport in Alaska
Companies based in Seattle, Washington
Okeechobee County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on May 8, 1917. As of 2008, 40,334 people lived there. Okeechobee County's seat is Okeechobee.

Other websites
Official county website

Florida counties
1917 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in Florida
The Iapetus Ocean existed in the Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic eras (between 600 and 400 million years ago). The ocean was in the southern hemisphere, between three paleocontinents. The ocean disappeared when these three continents joined to form one big landmass. That large continent has been given various names, such as Laurussia or the Old Red Sandstone continent. Probably the best name is Euramerica, because basically it was American and Europe stuck together.

The Iapetus Ocean was between continental masses that would at a much later time roughly form the opposite shores of the Atlantic Ocean. It was a kind of precursor of the Atlantic.

At the start of the 19th century, American paleontologist Charles Doolittle Walcott noticed differences in early Paleozoic benthic trilobites either side of the line which later was called the Iapetus Suture.

The so called "Pacific fauna" of Laurentia, as found in Scotland and western Newfoundland, was quite different from those of Baltica, often called the "Atlantic fauna". The latter is found in the southern parts of the British Isles and eastern Newfoundland. Geologists of the early 20th century thought a large trough, a so-called geosyncline, had existed between Scotland and England in the early Paleozoic, keeping both sides separated.

With the development of plate tectonics in the 1960s geologists concluded the Atlantic Ocean must have had a precursor before the time of Pangaea. That ocean had closed as three continents joined, producing the Iapetus Suture.

Line of the suture 

The Iapetus suture runs where the Iapetus Ocean was before. 
In Great Britain the suture runs pretty much along the border between England and Scotland. On the east it runs through Lindisfarne, on the west through the Solway Firth.
On the Isle of Man it is the Niarbyl Fault, which is an exposed section of the suture.
On Ireland the suture runs from the east coast at Clogherhead in County Louth to the estuary of the River Shannon on the west. 
In Canada, it runs through Newfoundland and New Brunswick.
In the United States the suture runs through the north-eastern states of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Connecticut.
There are other suture lines caused by the collision of continents in the run-up to Pangaea, but the Iapetus is the main one.

References 

Geology
History of the British Isles
History of North America
Osceola County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on May 8, 1917. As of 2000, 172,493 people lived there. Osceola County's seat is Kissimmee.

Other websites
Official county website

Florida counties
1887 establishments in Florida
St. Johns County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. It was formed on July 21, 1821. As of 2000, 123,135 people lived there. St. Johns County's seat is St. Augustine.

Other websites
 Official county website

Florida counties
1821 establishments in the United States
1820s establishments in Florida Territory
Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. It was formed on July 21, 1821. As of 2000, 20,973 people lived there. Washington County's seat is Chipley. The county is a dry county which means alcoholic drinks cannot be sold.

Other websites
Official county website

Florida counties
1825 establishments in the United States
1820s establishments in Florida Territory
Eduardo Alonso Nájera Pérez (born July 11, 1976) is a Mexican basketball player that currently plays for the Charlotte Bobcats of the NBA. He also played for the Dallas Mavericks for five seasons, the Golden State Warriors for one season, the Denver Nuggets for 4 seasons and the New Jersey Nets for two seasons. He went to University of Oklahoma for college.

Other websites
Eduardo Nájera's NBA profile

1976 births
Living people
Basketball players
Mexican sportspeople
Charlotte Bobcats players
Dallas Mavericks players
Denver Nuggets players
Golden State Warriors players
New Jersey Nets players
Pole vault is a track and field event in which a person uses a long, flexible stick (which today is usually made either of fiberglass or carbon fiber) as an aid to leap over a bar. Pole jumping competitions were known to the ancient Greeks, as well as the Cretans and Celts. It has been a full medal event at the Olympics since the Summer Olympics at 1896 for men and 2000 for women. It started in the ancient Greece.

Related pages
High jump
Sport

Notes

Other websites

 Statistics
All-time Masters men's Pole Vault list
All-time Masters women's Pole Vault list
Pole Vault History 
Pole Vault World Records - by the International Association of Athletics Federations

Events in athletics
Samuel Davis Dalembert (born May 10, 1981) is a Haitian-Canadian former professional basketball player who played 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). 

During his career, he played for the Philadelphia 76ers, the Sacramento Kings, the Houston Rockets, the Milwaukee Bucks, the Dallas Mavericks, the New York Knicks, and Shanxi Zhongyu. He played college basketball at Seton Hall University. Dalembert pledged $100,000 to UNICEF and traveled to Haiti to help with the relief efforts. He won the 2009-10 J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award for helping with the relief efforts in Haiti.

References

Other websites
Samuel Dalembert's NBA profile

1981 births
Living people
Canadian basketball players
Houston Rockets players
Milwaukee Bucks players
Philadelphia 76ers players
Sacramento Kings players
Haitian people
Sportspeople from Quebec
Bobby Ryan (born Robert Shane Stevenson; March 17, 1987 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey) is an American professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Anaheim Ducks for 7 seasons.

Before playing in the NHL, Ryan played 4 seasons with the Owen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He was drafted with the 2nd overall pick by the Anaheim Ducks in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft.

Awards 
Ryan won the silver medal in the 2010 Winter Olympics with Team USA.

Other websites 
Bobby Ryan's NHL Player Page

1987 births
American Hockey League players
American ice hockey players
Anaheim Ducks players
Living people
Ontario Hockey League players
Ottawa Senators players
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Swedish Hockey League players
Luke McShane (born 7 January 1984) is an English chess Grandmaster. 

A former World Youth Champion, he is one of England's leading players and a member of the English Chess Olympiad team. He has also been a trader in London's financial sector.

Early career 
McShane won the World Under-10 Championship in Duisburg at the age of eight. Shortly afterwards he found a sponsor in the form of computer company Psion. At sixteen he became the then youngest ever British grandmaster. 

In January 2004 McShane was ranked second in the world among junior (under-21) players behind Teimour Radjabov.

Grandmaster 
From around 2002, McShane has been facing stiffer opposition, including players from the world's top ten. He played for England in the 2002 Chess Olympiad in Bled, scoring 6½/11, and won the silver medal at the World Junior Championship in Goa. 

In 2009/10 he tied for first through fifth place at the 39th Rilton Cup in Stockholm.

In December 2010 McShane participated in the 8-player London Chess Classic Tournament, which included Viswanathan Anand (reigning World Chess Champion), Magnus Carlsen (rated #1 for most of 2010), Vladimir Kramnik (former World Champion) and Hikaru Nakamura (US Champion).  Under a scoring system of 3 points for a win, 1 for a draw and 0 for a loss, McShane finished joint second with Anand, behind Carlsen, whom McShane had beaten in their individual game.  Undefeated, his event performance rating was 2838 – higher than Carlsen's or Anand's. In the January 2011 rating list, he overtook Nigel Short, to become the UK's second highest ranked player after Michael Adams. 

In January 2011 McShane came joint first with David Navara in the B group of the Tata Steel tournament, winning on tie break.

References 

1984 births
Living people
British chess players
Sportspeople from London
Chess grandmasters
The Ellsworth Street Bridge  is a highway bridge that crosses the Willamette River in Albany, Oregon, United States. Built in 1925, the two-lane structure carries U.S. Route 20 eastbound traffic, with the adjacent Lyon Street Bridge carrying westbound traffic. The -long steel-truss bridge was designed by Conde McCullough and opened in 1926.

History
In 1887, a bridge was built across the Willamette River at Albany for the Corvallis and Eastern railway followed by the Steel Bridge built in 1893 just down river. The state of Oregon began building a new bridge across the river at the city in 1925 to carry vehicular traffic. Designed by state highway department bridge designer Conde McCullough, it was constructed by the Union Bridge Company based in Portland, Oregon. The steel truss structure was completed in 1926.

When the bridge opened, the Albany-Corvallis Highway was completed. At the time the structure was named the Albany Bridge. In 1973, the neighboring Lyon Street Bridge was completed to the east to expand capacity to a total of four lanes between the two bridges. Ellsworth Street Bridge was refurbished in 1971 and 2002. As of 2004, the bridge handled an average of 9,850 cars per day.

References

Buildings and structures in Oregon
Bridges in the United States
Concrete bridges
Steel bridges
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a way of getting useful energy from the world's oceans. The sun shines on the oceans of the world and in the hot parts near the water at the sea's surface can be quite warm, sometimes as high as 30°C.

Many oceans are very deep and the water at depths of 1,000 meters can be around 5 °C.

If a pipe is put down into the ocean we can bring the cold water to the surface where we also have warm water available.

The difference in temperature between the warm surface water and the cold deep water may only be around 15 °C. But we can build a machine called a heat engine, which can use this harry difference to generate power that can be used by people that live in that place. A machine which can do this is called an OTEC machine which stands for ocean thermal energy conversion.

Because the difference in temperature is small we will need to get large quantities of warm and cold water to go through the machine to get a useful amount of work, but large quantities are available in the ocean.

It has been estimated that OTEC could give amounts of energy that are 10 to 100 times greater than the other ocean energy source, wave power.

The first OTEC machine was built in Cuba in 1930 and made 22 kW of electricity. The largest machine built so far generated 250 kW in 1999 and was made by the US. Plans to build even bigger machines of around 10 MW have been made.

OTEC can also supply quantities of cold water as a by-product. This can be used for refrigeration and can help crops and fish grow. OTEC can also produce large amounts of salt-free water, which can be useful on mid-ocean islands as drinking water.

Hydropower
New World vultures are the group of vultures that are found in the Americas.  They form the  family Cathartidae.  There are seven species in five genera.  Four of the genera contain only one species each, so they are monotypic. 

These are large birds of prey that feed on the meat of dead or dying animals.  The name "Cathartidae" comes from the Greek word katharsis meaning to purge or make clean.  

Unlike other birds of prey, they have a good sense of smell.  The opening of their nostrils has a hole through from one side of the beak to the other.  Some other vultures hop to move on the ground, but the New World vultures walk.  

The two largest species are called condors.

Species
Genus Coragyps
Black vulture Coragyps atratus in South America and north to US
Genus Cathartes
Turkey vulture Cathartes aura throughout the Americas to southern Canada
Lesser yellow-headed vulture Cathartes burrovianus in South America and north to Mexico
Greater yellow-headed vulture Cathartes melambrotus in the Amazon Basin of tropical South America
Genus Gymnogyps
California condor Gymnogyps californianus in California. Formerly widespread in the mountains of western North America.
Genus Vultur
Andean condor Vultur gryphus in the Andes
Genus Sarcoramphus
King vulture Sarcoramphus papa from Southern Mexico to northern Argentina

References

Cathartidae
Vultures
Ciconiiformes
Counter-Strike is a first-person shooter video game. It was made by Valve Corporation and released on November 9, 2000. It was made for Microsoft Windows first, but it was also released for the Xbox in 2003 and for OS X and Linux in 2013. Before it became its own game, Counter-Strike was a mod for Valve's other game, Half-Life. It is a multiplayer game where two teams, counter-terrorists and terrorists, fight each other and try to finish their mission, or try to stop the other team from finishing their mission. These missions include exploding a bomb, rescuing hostages, or killing the VIP on the other team. The mission changes depending on the level the teams are playing on. A team wins if they finish their mission, or if they kill all the players on the other team. Players can buy weapons and equipment at the beginning of each round with the money they get from the previous rounds. People usually play the game online, where they connect to a server and fight other players. Counter-Strike is also sometimes called Counter-Strike 1.6, because there have been more games released in the series, and 1.6 was the last update for the game. There have been two sequels to the game, Counter-Strike: Source and Counter-Strike: Global Offensive.

2000 video games
Shooter video games
Windows games
Xbox games
MacOS games
Linux games
Racewalking, or Walking race, is a long-distance athletic event. It is different from running: in that one foot must appear to be in contact with the ground at all times. Stride length is reduced, so to achieve competitive speeds, race walkers must walk at speeds close to those that Olympic 400-meter runners use. They must walk at those speeds for hours at a time since the Olympic events are the 20 km race walk and 50 km race walk.

Notes

Other websites

Racewalk.com
High School Race Walking
Race Walking Record - News, photos and reports all about racewalking  
World Masters Race Walking Rankings
Race Walk UK
Race Walk Australia
D. Guebey walking pages

Sports
Sriharikota is a barrier island off the coast of the southern state of Andhra Pradesh in India. It houses India's only satellite launch centre in the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (also known as SHAR) and is used by the Indian Space Research Organisation to launch satellites using multi-stage rockets such as the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle.

Sriharikota separates the Pulicat Lake from the Bay of Bengal, and is home to the town of Pulicat. It is in Sri Amarajeevi Potti Sri Ramulu Nellore district in Andhra Pradesh. The nearest town is Sullurpeta, which has the nearest railway station. The nearest business city is Sri City. It is also connected by expressways to Chennai.

Geography of India
Space agencies
Andhra Pradesh

it:Centro spaziale Satish Dhawa
As a Commonwealth realm, St Kitts and Nevis has the same monarch as several other Commonwealth countries, Queen Elizabeth II.

In St Kitts, or when representing St Kitts in another country, she is known as the Queen of St Kitts and Nevis, Her full official title being: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Saint Christopher and Nevis and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth.

When acting as Queen of St Kitts, Elizabeth II only takes advice from the Government of St Kitts and Nevis.  This is because the Statute of Westminster of 1931 said that all Commonwealth countries were independent of each other, and that the British government no longer had the right to interfere or give orders to the other countries.

Usually the Queen's constitutional roles are carried out by the Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis.

Royal succession (who is next in line to the throne) is governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701, which is part of constitutional law.

References

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Current monarchies
Wonder Pets is a children's television series that currently airs on Nick Jr. and is based on the short Nick Jr.'s film series which was called Linny the Guinea Pig. The series won an Emmy Award in 2008 for Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction and Composition.

Cast 
Sofie Zamchick (US) and Meisha Kelly (UK) as Linny the Guinea Pig
Teala Dunn (US) and Catherine Holden (UK) as Tuck the Turtle
Danica Lee (US) and Kaya Alexander (UK) as Ming-Ming the Duckling
Cooper Corrao (US) and T.J. Stanton (UK) as Ollie the Bunny

Other websites
Wonder Pets on nickjr.com

2006 American television series debuts
American children's television series
Nickelodeon television series
Emmy Award winning programs
English-language television programs
COBOL is a programming language that was developed in the year 1959. It was one of the first computer programming languages. The name COBOL stands for COmmon Business-Oriented Language.

Background
COBOL was created because people wanted a language they could use to describe the problems in a way that is independent of the hardware used. Like SQL COBOL uses a syntax that is close to that of natural languages. As an example,  ADD YEARS TO AGE is a valid expression.

History
There are several different versions of COBOL. The newest is from 2002. In general, versions of the language before 1985 are not compatible with the newer versions, from 1985 and later. 

In his letter to an editor in 1975 titled "How do we tell truths that might hurt?", computer scientist and Turing Award recipient Edsger Dijkstra remarked that "The use of COBOL cripples the mind; its teaching should, therefore, be regarded as a criminal offense." In this letter, Dijkstra also criticised several other languages which were used at the time.

In recent years, COBOL has been extended to allow object-oriented programming, user-defined functions, and user-defined data types.

Reputation
The computer scientist Howard E. Tompkins disagreed, and defended structured COBOL: "COBOL programs with convoluted control flow indeed tend to 'cripple the mind'", but this was because "there are too many such business application programs written by programmers that have never had the benefit of structured COBOL taught well...".

References

Programming languages
Acronyms
The Third Treaty of San Ildefonso (short for the Preliminary and Secret Treaty between the French Republic and His Catholic Majesty the King of Spain, Concerning the Aggrandizement of His Royal Highness the Infant Duke of Parma in Italy and the Retrocession of Louisiana) was a treaty between France and Spain. In it, Spain gave the territory of Louisiana to France.

San Ildefonso, third
Viglen is an IT company based in the United Kingdom. Viglen is operated by UK businessman Lord Sugar and most schools in the UK own Viglen computers. Some of the products that Viglen have made are the Incepta II and the Genrie Pro.

References

Companies of the United Kingdom
Technology companies of Europe
Susan Margaret Collins is a Senator of the United States from Maine. She is a moderate in the Republican Party. Collins was elected to the Senate in 1996. The Senator was born December 7, 1952.

On February 13, 2021 Collins voted that no longer Republican President Donald Trump was guilty of starting the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol. She and six other Republican senators also voted that Trump was guilty. This was after the House of Representatives Second impeachment of Donald Trump.

References

1952 births
Living people
United States senators from Maine
US Republican Party politicians
People from Bangor, Maine
21st-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians
The Frill-necked lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii) has a large reptile, thin frill around its head, which it displays in order to frighten enemies. To appear even more impressive, it also opens its mouth wide and often rears up on its hind legs. When frightened, this lizard will run away, using its back-legs only, earning it the nickname, the "bicycle lizard."

Description 
These lizards spend most of their life in trees (they are primarily arboreal). They live in the north of Australia and in New Guinea. They inhabit moist tropical and warm-temperate forests and in woodlands with shrubby understory. When displayed, the frill is 9.5-14 inches (24-34 cm) wide. When the lizard is at rest, the frill folds down on its shoulders. Adults are over 8 inches (20 cm) long.

Diet 
Frill-necked Lizards are carnivorous (meat-eaters). They eat bugs (like cicadas, ants, and spiders) and small lizards. They hunt in trees and on the ground. 

Reptiles of Australia
Lizards
Jodi Lynn Picoult (born 19 May 1966 in Nesconsent, Long Island, New York) is an American author. Picoult comes from what she calls a "non-practicing Jewish family". She was raised in her hometown in Long Island, but moved to the U.S. State of New Hampshire when she was 13 years old. She went to Princeton, a university in the U.S. state of New Jersey, where she studied writing and graduated from in 1987. She also went to Harvard University, where she earned a master's degree in education. She had many jobs, as a guest writer for magazines like Seventeen, to editing textbooks and teaching eighth grade English. She published her first novel Songs of the Humpback Whale in 1992. Her first book to debut as a New York Times best-seller was her 2007 novel Nineteen Minutes; the following year her novel Change of Heart became her second novel to debut as #1 on the New York Times Best Seller's list. Her last novel to be featured on the list was Handle With Care (2009). Four of her novels, The Pact (1998), Plain Truth (2000), The Tenth Circle (2006) and most recently, My Sister's Keeper, which published as a book in 2004 but released as a movie in 2009. She was awarded the New England Bookseller Award for fiction in 2003. Picoult currently has some 14 million copies of her books in print worldwide. In addition to writing novels, Picoult had written for DC Comics' third volume of Wonder Woman in 2007; she only wrote 5 issues. She lives with her husband, Tim Van Leer, their three children and pets in Hanover, New Hampshire.

Books by Picoult

References

1966 births
Living people
Writers from New York
Shad Gaspard (January 13, 1981 – May 17, 2020) was an American professional wrestler and actor. He was best known for wrestling for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). He teamed with JTG and they formed the tag team, Cryme Tyme. Gaspard later began an acting career which he stated in an interview for Right After Wrestling. He starred in Get Hard.

Gaspard was born in New York City.

Gaspard married his longtime girlfriend Siliana Gaspard in 2009, together the couple had a son, in April 2010.

On March 5, 2011, Gaspard was arrested by police in Columbus, Ohio for having allegedly refused the commands of a police officer and then resisting arrest for jaywalking. He was later cleared of all charges in July 2011.

On May 17, 2020, Gaspard was caught in a strong rip current at Marina del Rey beach in Venice Beach, California. On May 20, 2020, his body was found washed up in Venice Beach, California, three days after he had gone missing and identified by the Los Angeles County coroner's office. He was 39 years old.

References 

1981 births
2020 deaths
Accidental deaths by drowning in the United States
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New York City
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from New York City
Former WWE wrestlers
Professional wrestlers
Bukittinggi (Indonesian for "high hill", formerly called Fort de Kock) is a city in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The population of this city was estimated at 120,000 according to the 2010 census. Bukittinggi became the capital city of Indonesia from 1948 to 1949 when Indonesia was at war with the Netherlands.

References 

Cities in Indonesia
Yogyakarta is a city in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. Yogyakarta was the capital city of Indonesia from 1947 to 1948. The city is near two UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Borobudur temple and Prambanan temple.

Education
Yogyakarta is a major center of education in Indonesia. Public universities in the city include:
 Gadjah Mada University one of Indonesia's best known state universities. 
 Yogyakarta State University
 Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University
 Indonesia Arts Institute

Private universities include:
 Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta
 Islamic University of Indonesia
 Atma Jaya University
 Sanata Dharma University

References 

Cities in Indonesia
Kenzo Suzuki (born July 25, 1974) is a Japanese professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling for WWE and New Japan Pro Wrestling.  Suzuki is currently wrestling for All Japan Pro Wrestling and is part of the stable, Voodoo Murders. He is often managed to the ring by his real-life wife, Hiroko Suzuki.

Other websites
Kenzo Suzuki's OWOW profile

1974 births
Living people
Japanese professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
People from Aichi Prefecture