cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Serbia national volleyball team is the name of Serbia's national volleyball team. The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball considers Serbia the inheritor of the records of SFR Yugoslavia (1948–1991), FR Yugoslavia (1992–2002) and Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006). Nikola Grbic, a former player and team captain, is the head coach.

Honors 
 Olympics: Gold medal (2000) - Bronze medal (1996)
 World Championship: Silver Medal (1998) - Bronze medal (2010)
 World Cup: Bronze medal (2013)
 European Championship: Gold medal (2001, 2011) - Silver medal (1997) - Bronze medal (1975, 1979, 1995, 1999, 2005, 2007, 2013)
 World League: Silver medal (2003, 2005, 2008, 2009) -  Bronze medal (2002, 2004, 2010)

References

Other websites 
 2011 European Men's Volleyball Championship (Final) - Italy vs Serbia (1-3)

National volleyball teams
Sport in Serbia
Australia Men's national volleyball team also known as Volleyball Team Australia Men (VTAM) is the national volleyball team of Australia.

References

National volleyball teams
Sport in Australia
Genets are Old World mammals. They are viverrids, in the same family as civet cats. They are feliform carnivores of the family Viverridae. 

The closest relatives of genets are the civets, linsangs, fossa, and mongooses. Almost all species are in the genus Genetta. The common genet, Genetta genetta, is the only viverrid living in Europe. Other species live in Africa. Fossils of the genus have been found from the Pliocene.

Genets have long tails, about one to one and a half times the length of their bodies. These longs tails are a counterweight which helps them keep their balance as they leap from tree limb to tree limb.  They are not strictly terrestrial, and spend much of their time in trees. Genets have semi-retractable claws, which they use for climbing and holding prey, but not for fighting.

Genets are highly agile creatures, with quick reflexes and exceptional climbing skills, and are the only viverrids that are able to stand bipedally. They are able to walk, trot, run, climb up and down trees, and jump.

They often feed on small mammals, such as rodents, shrews, and bats. Small rodents are captured by the back and killed with a bite at the head, then eaten starting with the head. They also eat birds, bird eggs, centipedes, millipedes, scorpions, and various fruits, including figs and olives.

Species
 Angolan genet

References 

Viverrids
Rice_winnowing,_Uttarakhand,_India.jpg|thumb|Rice winnowing in India

Winnowing is a farming method developed by ancient people for separating grain from chaff. It is also used to remove weevils or other pests from stored grain. Threshing, which is the loosening of grain or seeds from the husks and straw, comes before winnowing. In place of a winnowing basket a colandar can be used.

In its simplest form it involves throwing the mixture into the air so that the wind blows away the lighter chaff. The heavier grains fall back down for recovery. This method is called "wind-grading". Other methods include using a winnowing fan (a shaped basket shaken to raise the chaff). Yet another is using a tool (a winnowing fork or shovel) on a pile of harvested grain.

Winnowing can also describe the natural removal of fine material from a coarser sediment by wind or flowing water. This is similar to separating wheat from chaff.

References 

Agriculture
Grains
"Pour Some Sugar on Me" is a 1987 heavy metal single by Def Leppard. The song has sexual themes in it. It reached #2 on Billboard Hot 100 in July of 1988.

The song was from Def Leppard's studio album Hysteria. 

There are several versions of the song. The extended version is five minutes and 35 seconds long.

References

Heavy metal
1987 songs
Winter's Tale is a 2014 supernatural fantasy, mystery and romantic drama movie. It was based on a 1983 novel with the same name. Jennifer Connelly plays Virginia. Eva Marie Saint plays Willa Penn. Russell Crowe plays Pearly.

Cast
 Colin Farrell as Peter Lake
 Jessica Brown Findlay as Beverly Penn
 Jennifer Connelly as Virginia Gamely
 Russell Crowe as Pearly Soames
 William Hurt as Isaac Penn
 Mckayla Twiggs as Young Willa Penn
 Eva Marie Saint as Adult Willa Penn
 Will Smith as Judge / Lucifer
 Ripley Sobo as Abby
 Matt Bomer as Peter's father
 Lucy Griffiths as Peter's mother
 Finn Wittrock as Gabriel
 Listo as The Horse
 Kevin Corrigan as Romeo Tan
 Kevin Durand as Cesar Tan
 Graham Greene as Humpstone John

Production

Development
Initially Warner Bros. attempted to sign Martin Scorsese in 2002. He turned down the chance to direct the movie, calling it "unfilmable". Later on, the movie became a "passion project" for director Akiva Goldsman. He was given the go-ahead by Warner Bros. in February 2011 with a budget of $75 million. The budget was later dropped to $60 million in February of 2012. Will Smith and Russell Crowe were linked to the project in supporting roles.

Filming
Principal photography began in October 2012, though was delayed due to Hurricane Sandy. Shooting took place at locations across New York City, including Grand Central Terminal, Red Hook, Brooklyn, East Village, Manhattan and Central Park.

Release
The movie was released on 14 February 2014 in the United States.

Reception
It got negative reviews from movie critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has a rating of 13%.

Box office
The movie performed poor in the box office. Its intake was only $12.6 million in the United States. It took in $30 million worldwide.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 

2014 romance movies
2014 drama movies
2010s romantic drama movies
2010s fantasy movies
American romantic drama movies
American fantasy movies
The linsangs are four feliform species, two in Asia and two in Africa. The whole group was put in the Viverridae in a subfamily. The two pairs are:

The species of African linsangs are:
Poiana leightoni – Leighton's linsang
Poiana richardsonii – African linsang

The species of Asiatic linsangs are:
Prionodon linsang – Banded linsang
Prionodon pardicolor – Spotted linsang

DNA analysis shows:
 the African linsangs (Poiana) are true viverrids closely related to the genet.
 the Asiatic linsangs (Prionodon) are not, and may be the closest living relatives of the Felidae family. Discovering this, the Asiatic linsangs are now put into a family of their own. They are not viverrids.

Therefore, the similarities between the two genera of linsangs must be convergent. All of them are cat-like in appearance. They are nocturnal, generally solitary tree dwellers. They are carnivorous, eating squirrels and other rodents, small birds, lizards and insects. Typical size is a little over 30 cm (1 foot), with a tail that more than doubles that length. Bodies are long, with short legs, giving a low appearance. All species have yellowish bodies with black markings (stripes, blotches and spots), though the distribution and nature of the markings varies between species.

References 

Viverrids
Feliformia
The African linsang or oyan are two species in the genus Poiana. They are viverrids in the mammalian subfamily Viverrinae.

DNA analysis showed that these African linsangs (Poiana) are true viverrids closely related to the genets.

References 

Viverrids
I Shardana is an Italian opera in three acts, with music and libretto by Ennio Porrino. It was first performed in Naples, on March 8, 1959. It is by far Porrino's most successful work. It has recently been rediscovered.

Principal characters

 Gonnario - bass
 Nibatta - mezzo-soprano
 Torbeno - tenor
 Bèrbera Jonia - soprano
 Norace - baritone
 Perdu - tenor
 Orzocco - baritone

Discography
 1960: Ferruccio Mazzoli (Gonnario), Oralia Dominguez (Nibatta), Gastone Limarilli (Torbeno), Marta Pender (Bèrbera Jonia), Piero Guelfi (Norace), Antonio Galiè (Perdu), Vinicio Cocchieri (Orzocco); Orchestra Sinfonica e Coro di Roma della RAI, Armando La Rosa Parodi - (Decca)
 2013: Manrico Signorini (Gonnario), Alessandra Palomba (Nibatta), Angelo Villari (Torbeno), Paoletta Marrocu (Bèrbera Jonia), Domenico Balzani (Norace), Gabriele Mangione (Perdu), Gianpiero Ruggeri (Orzocco); Orchestra e Coro del Teatro Lirico di Cagliari, Anthony Bramall - (Dynamic)

References 

1959
1950s operas
Edmond Joseph (Eddie) Gong (October 6, 1930 – May 19, 2015) was an American attorney and former politician in the state of Florida. He was the first Asian-American elected to the Florida House. He served as a Florida state senator from 1967 through 1971. He was also a member of Florida's House of Representatives from 1963 through 1966.

Gong died at the age of 84 in Miami, Florida.

References

1930 births
2015 deaths
Politicians from Florida
US Democratic Party politicians
In architecture a corbel or console is a structural piece of stone, wood or metal sticking out from a wall to carry a superincumbent weight. It is a type of bracket. A corbel is a solid piece of material in the wall. A console, by comparison, is a piece applied to the structure. A piece of structural wood projecting in the same way was called a "tassel" or a "bragger" in the UK. The technique of corbelling, where rows of corbels support a projecting wall or parapet, has been used since Neolithic,  or New Stone Age, times. 

The word "corbel" comes from Old French and derives from the Latin corbellus, a diminutive of corvus (a raven) which refers to the beak-like appearance. Similarly, the French refer to a bracket-corbel, usually a load-bearing internal feature, as a corbeau (a crow).

References 

Architecture
The Asiatic linsang (Prionodon) is a genus with two species, the banded linsang (Prionodon linsang) and the spotted linsang (Prionodon pardicolor). They are native to southeast Asia:

DNA analysis on 29 species showed that Prionodon was the sister-group of the family Felidae. So the Asiatic linsangs are put in a family of their own, the Prionodontidae. Prionodon is not closely related to the African linsangs, although they look similar, and live a similar life. They are small cat-like carnivores adapted to catching small prey among the trees of a tropical forest. The similarities between the two groups came about by convergent evolution.

Prionodon is basal to the Feliformia and a sister taxon of the Felidae.

References 

Feliformia
The Karnak king list, is a list of early Egyptian kings written in stone. It was in the southwest corner of the Festival Hall of Thutmose III. This hall was part of the Karnak Temple Complex, now Luxor, Egypt. It was written during the rule of Thutmose III. It has the names of 61 kings beginning with Sneferu from Egypt's Old Kingdom. Only the names of 39 kings can still be read. One name is not written in a cartouche (a border used around the name of a king). 

It is not a complete list of the Egyptian Pharaohs. This list has the names of kings of the First and Second Intermediate periods, which are left out in most other king lists.

It was first described by James Burton in 1825. In 1843, a German group directed by egyptologist Karl Richard Lepsius was traveling up the River Nile to Karnak. A French adventurer, Émile Prisse d'Avennes, got there first. he pulled down the wall at night and took away the blocks with the lists. He had these blocks sent to France. Severely damaged, it is now on show at the Louvre in Paris.

Drawing of the list

The list
This list has the name of the Pharaoh followed by the actual one written on the stone. The list is in three sections and is divided at the center. The numbering is from the sides, toward the center.

Gallery

Related pages
 List of pharaohs
 Abydos King List
 Palermo Stone
 Turin King List

Notes

Other websites

 Lepsius drawing from APAW 1852  from Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften
 Karnak king list with complete hieroglyphics, sources and pictures

Ancient Egypt
Reversal of Fortune is a 1990 drama movie. It was adapted off a 1985 novel. Jeremy Irons acts as Claus. Glenn Close plays Sunny.

The movie is based on the true story of the unexplained coma of socialite Sunny von Bülow. It is about the attempted murder trial and the acquittal of her husband Claus von Bülow.

The movie was released on October 17, 1990 in the United States. Its reviews were mostly positive.

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1990 drama movies
American drama movies
Japanese movies
British drama movies
Movies directed by Barbet Schroeder
Glamorgan County Cricket Club is the only Welsh cricket team to play in the County Championship and the T20 Blast. They play cricket at Sophia Gardens, Cardiff, Wales.

References 

Cricket clubs
Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug (1 June 1948 – 18 May 2015) was an Indian nurse who was at the center of attention in a court case on euthanasia after spending 42 years in a coma after being raped and strangled.

Early life
Shanbaug was born in 1948 at Haldipur, Uttar Kannada, Karnataka. She worked as a nurse at the King Edward Memorial Hospital (KEM) in Mumbai. At the time of the attack, she was engaged to a doctor at the same hospital.

Attack
In 1973, while working as a junior nurse at King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Shanbaug was anally raped then strangled by a ward boy, Sohanlal Bhartha Walmiki. She remained in a vegetative state following the assault.

Court case
On 24 January 2011, after she had been in this state for 37 years, the Supreme Court of India responded to the plea for euthanasia filed by Aruna's friend, journalist Pinki Virani, by setting up medical experts to test her.

The court rejected the petition on 7 March 2011. However, in its landmark opinion, it allowed passive euthanasia in India.

Death
Shanbaug died from pneumonia on 18 May 2015 after being in a persistent vegetative state for nearly 42 years.

References

Other websites
Never Ending Trauma Of Innocent Aruna!! 
Court ruling, Aruna Shanbaug vs. Union of India, March 7, 2011 at Supreme Court of India
Pinki Virani's Interview - June 13, 2008 

1948 births
2015 deaths
Crime in India
Crime victims
Deaths from pneumonia
Indian people
Infectious disease deaths in India
Rape
King of New York is a 1990 crime-thriller movie. The movie is about drug trafficking in New York City. Laurence Fishburne plays Jimmy Jump. Wesley Snipes plays Thomas Flanigan. David Caruso plays Dennis Gilley. The movie was directed by Abel Ferrara. The movie was released in September 1990.

Cast 
Christopher Walken - Frank White
Larry Fishburne - Jimmy Jump
David Caruso - Dennis Gilley
Victor Argo - Roy Bishop
Janet Julian - Jennifer
Wesley Snipes - Thomas Flanigan
Steve Buscemi - Test Tube
Paul Calderón - Joey Dalesio
Giancarlo Esposito - Lance
John Turturro - Eddie
Theresa Randle - Raye
Frank Adonis - Paul Calgari
Harold Perrineau - Subway Mugger

Reception 
The movie premiered at the New York Film Festival. Many members of the audience, including Abel Ferrara's wife, walked from the movie theater. At a second showing of the movie the following day, Larry Fishburne and Nicholas St. John were booed from the stage.

Mark Caro, writing for the Chicago Tribune gave the movie only 1/2 star. He said  "``King of New York,`` [is] a film more interested in leaving impressions than spinning a smooth narrative". He also said that both the star, Christopher Walken, and the movie "remains just out of grasp". 

Rotten Tomatoes gives the movie a rating of 71%. Roger Ebert gave the movie two stars. Janet Maslin from New York Times said the movie was "a chillingly ambiguous portrait of its title character."

References

Other websites

1990 crime movies
1990 thriller movies
1990s crime thriller movies
American crime thriller movies
Italian movies
Movies about drugs
Movies set in New York City
Movies directed by Abel Ferrara
John Anthony Carmine Michael "Jackie" Basehart  (11 October 1951 – 16 May 2015) was an American-born Italian actor. He was born in Santa Monica, California. Basehart was known for his role as Beri in the 1978 movie The Inglorious Bastards.

Basehart died at his home in Milan, Italy after suffering from a rare disease, aged 63.

References

Other websites
 

1951 births
2015 deaths
American movie actors
Italian movie actors
People from Santa Monica, California
Jackie Brookner (1945 – May 15, 2015) was an American ecological artist, writer, and educator. She worked with ecologists, design professionals, engineers, communities, and policy-makers on water remediation/public art projects for parks, wetlands, rivers, and urban stormwater runoff. 

Brookner died of cancer in her New York City home, aged 69.

References

1945 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cancer
American artists
Educators from New York City
Writers from New York City
People from Providence, Rhode Island
Educators from Rhode Island
The Presidential $1 Coin Program is part of an Act of Congress, , which directs the United States Mint to produce $1 coins with portraits of U.S. presidents.

From 2007 to 2011, presidential $1 coins were minted for circulation in large numbers, resulting in a large stockpile of unused $1 coins. Since 2012, new presidential coins have been minted only for collectors.

Coin details
Dollar coins were issued bearing the likenesses of presidents, as follows:

† — The act specifies that a president must have been deceased for no fewer than two years to be honored in the series. (See above.) President Carter and Reagan's successors are currently living and therefore do not qualify.

References

Other websites

 U.S. Mint Presidential $1 Coin Act page
 U.S. Mint First Spouse Program page
 Images of the Presidential $1 coins

Currency of the United States

2007 establishments in the United States
A class action, class suit, or representative action is a type of lawsuit. One of the parties is a group of people who are represented collectively by one member of that group.  

The class action originated in the United States. It is still mainly a U.S. phenomenon. However, several European countries with civil law have made changes to allow consumer organizations to bring claims on behalf of consumers. 

In 1991 China passed the "Civil Procedure Law" that allows class actions. In Brazil class action suits have been brought against industries, banks. and other organizations. They have been used against environmental damage, product defects and false advertising to name a few. Unlike the US, Brazilian judges award much smaller amounts for damages.

The predecessor of the class action was called a "group litigation". They were used in England from the 13th century. It involved groups of people suing or being sued in a court. Group cases were easier to handle than numbers of individual cases, because of the slow and difficult travelling at that time. Judges travelled round a circuit, and might visit a town only once or twice a year. By the 18th century individual lawsuits became the norm.

References 

Legal terms
The Chevrolet S-10  Blazer and the similar GMC S-15 Jimmy were mid-size SUVs from General Motors. Production began in 1983. The S-10 was produced through 2005. In the United States retail sales after 2004 were limited to two-door Blazer models. All other models were sold to fleets until April 20, 2005. In the Canadian market, four-door models of the Blazer and Jimmy were sold until the 2004 model year. They were sold until the 2005 model year for the two-door models of both.

The S-series SUVs were based on the Chevrolet S-10 and GMC S-15 pickup trucks. In 1995 a second-generation model was produced. It had improvements in performance and interior room. It also had updated styling but did not carry the S-10 name.

They were produced in Pontiac, Michigan; Linden, New Jersey; Moraine, Ohio; Shreveport, Louisiana; and São Paulo, Brazil. Even though production ceased in the U.S., new Blazers are locally produced in Brazil with their own sheet metal stampings). In North America, the Moraine plant produced only 4-door vehicles. Both 2- and 4-door models were produced at Linden, which was the main assembly plant after the switch from Pontiac, Michigan about 1995.

References 

S-10 Blazer
Sport utility vehicles
Majd Izzat al-Chourbaji (Arabic: مجد عزت الشربجي )(born 1981) is a Syrian peace activist. In 2015, she received the U.S. State Department's International Women of Courage Award, for her work with women and human rights in Syria.

Life 

Madj Izzat al-Chourbaji was born in 1981 in the town of Darayya, Syria.  When she was six months old, her family went to France because of violence in Syria.  They returned to Syria in 1991. In Syria, Majd studied French literature.  She received a degree from Damascus University. After college, Majd worked on an anti-corruption program in the Damascus suburbs. 

When the violence from the Arab Spring came to Syria, Majd started sit-ins  for the freedom of political prisoners. She went to jail, and was injured by the police. Although Mjad was hurt, she wanted peaceful protest. She started classes on peace and citizenship for the prisoners.  Majd persuaded 150 women prisoners to have a hunger strike.  She wanted to go to court to get publicity for the women's problems.    Finally, she went to court.  Majd and 83 prisoners received their freedom, in a prisoner exchange with the Syrian opposition. The Syrian security forces continued to watch Majd, so she went to Lebanon with her three children.

References

Other websites 

 2015 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Syrian people
1981 births
Living people
Activists
Japan national volleyball team is the national volleyball team of Japan. Japan won a team Gold medal in the Olympics 1972. They've won Gold medals seven times in Asian Volleyball Championships. Their head coach is Masashi Nanbu.

Honors 
 Olympic: Gold medal (1972) - Silver Medal (1986)
 World Cup Silver medal: (1969 - 1977)
 Asian Championship: Gold medal (1975, 1983, 1987, 1991, 1995, 2005, 2009)
 Asian Games: Gold medal (2010, 1994, 1982, 1974, 1970, 1966, 1958)

References

Other websites 
 JPN Vollyball - JVA

National volleyball teams
Sport in Japan
Traffic is a 2000 American crime drama movie. It contains three stories of the illegal drug trade, one in Mexico, one in San Diego, one in Ohio. Catherine Zeta-Jones plays Helena. Erika Christensen plays Caroline. Dennis Quaid plays Arnie.

Traffic got very positive reviews from movie critics. The movie got back over $207 million at the box office. It also earned four  Academy Awards, including Best Director and Best Film Editing.

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 

2000 crime movies
2000 drama movies
2000s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies set in Mexico
Movies set in Ohio
Movies set in San Diego, California
Movies about the illegal drug trade
Erika Christensen (born August 19, 1982) is an American actress who has acted in many movies and television programs. She played Julia on the NBC family series Parenthood. She also played Caroline in the movie Traffic.

She was born in Seattle, Washington.

References

Other websites

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Seattle, Washington
1982 births
Living people
Nurse Betty is a 2000 American black comedy movie. This movie is about a Kansas waitress who has a nervous breakdown after she sees her husband being murdered. Renée Zellweger plays Betty Sizemore. Chris Rock plays Wesley. Morgan Freeman plays Charlie. The movie won Best Screenplay at the Cannes Film Festival in 2000. The movie was rated R "for strong violence, pervasive language and a scene of sexuality". Nurse Betty got very positive reviews from critics. Roger Ebert gave it three stars. Metacritic rated gave it a Metascore of 69. It was released on September 8, 2000.

References

Other websites
 
 

2000 comedy-drama movies
2000 crime movies
2000s black comedy movies
2000s crime drama movies
2000s criminal comedy movies
American comedy-drama movies
American crime drama movies
American criminal comedy movies
German drama movies
English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies directed by Neil LaBute
American independent movies
The Trituberculata is an extinct group of mammals in the fossil record from about 215–85 illion years ago (mya). The discoveries were isolated teeth, so not much else can be said about the animals. They were small insectivores, and probably nocturnal. The group contains the ancestors of Placentalia and Marsupialia; all modern mammals except Monotremes are descended from trituberculates.

The name comes from the three tubercles (cusps) of the molar teeth (not to be confused with Triconodonta). The clade Trituberculata is not always regarded as valid. They probably do not form a monophyletic group. Instead, some may be "true" basal mammals (though not always closest related to each other). Others (such as the symmetrodonts) may fall just outside the therian crown group.

References

Sources 
Kemp T.S. 2005. The origin and evolution of mammals. Oxford University Press. 
Kermack D.M. & K.A. 1984. The evolution of mammalian characters. London: Croom Helm. 
Kielan-Jaworowska, Zofia; Cifelli, Richard L. & Luo, Zhe-Xi  2004. Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs: origins, evolution, and structure. Columbia University Press, New York, 2004 .

Mammals
Fossils
Mesozoic
Radomir Naumov (; 20 December 1946 – 22 May 2015) was a Serbian politician and engineer. He was the Minister of Mining and Energy from 3 March 2004 until 15 May 2007. He was also Minister of Religion from 15 May 2007 until 7 July 2008.

Naumov was born in Čoka. He graduated from the University of Belgrade. He was married to Marija.

Naumov died after an illness on 22 May 2015 in Belgrade. He was 68.

References

1946 births
2015 deaths
Engineers
Serbian people
European politicians
The Barbegal aqueduct and mill is a Roman watermill complex. It is on the territory of the commune of Fontvieille, near the town of Arles in southern France

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Buildings and structures in Ancient Rome
Aleksey Borisovich Mozgovoy (, , born Oleksiy Borisovich Mozhovyj; 3 April 1975 – 23 May 2015) was a Ukrainian pro-Russian separatist commander in the self-proclaimed Republic of Novorossiya until 20 May 2015. He was leader of the rebel battalion "Prizrak". He was born in Svatove Raion, Voroshilovgrad Oblast.

He and four other people were killed on 23 May 2015 in a car attack in Perevalsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast. He was 40.

References

1975 births
2015 deaths
Assassinated people
Generals
Ukrainian military people
The Lieutenant Governor of Ontario is the representative of Queen Elizabeth II in Ontario. He or she carries out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties, such as approving laws. On 23 September 2014, Elizabeth Dowdeswell became Lieutenant Governor.

The lieutenant governors are appointed by the Governor General of Canada, based on the advise of the Prime Minister of Canada.

Government of Ontario
Médée is a French opera in three acts. Luigi Cherubini wrote the music. The libretto is by François-Benoît Hoffmann (Nicolas Étienne Framéry). It is based on Euripides' tragedy of Medea and on Pierre Corneille's play Médée. It was first performed in Paris on 13 March 1797. The Italian version by Carlo Zangarini was performed in Milan on 30 December 1909. The opera is Cherubini's most successful work. It was revived in 1953 for Maria Callas.

Principal characters

 Medea (Médée) - soprano
 Glauce (Dircé) - soprano
 Giasone (Jason) - tenor
 Neris (Néris) - mezzo-soprano
 Creonte (Créon) - bass

Discography

Original French Version

 1995: Iano Tamar (Médée), Patrizia Ciofi (Dircé), Luca Lombardo (Jason), Magali Damonte (Néris), Jean-Philippe Courtis (Créon); Coro da Camera Sluk, Orchestra Internazionale d'Italia Opera, Patrick Fournillier - (Nuova Era)
 1997: Phyllis Treigle (Médée), Thaïs St Julien (Dircé), Carl Halvorson (Jason), D'Anna Fortunato (Néris), David Arnold (Créon); Chorus Quotannis, Brewer Chamber Orchestra, Bart Folse - (Newport Classic)

Lachner version, in Italian translation by Zangarini

 1953: Maria Callas (Medea), Maria Luisa Nache (Glauce), Gino Penno (Giasone), Fedora Barbieri (Neris), Giuseppe Modesti (Creonte); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Leonard Bernstein - (EMI Classics)
 1957: Maria Callas (Medea), Renata Scotto (Glauce), Mirto Picchi (Giasone), Miriam Pirazzini (Neris), Giuseppe Modesti (Creonte); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Tullio Serafin - (EMI Classics)
 1967: Gwyneth Jones (Medea), Pilar Lorengar (Glauce), Bruno Prevedi (Giasone), Fiorenza Cossotto (Neris), Justino Díaz (Creonte); Orchestra e coro dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Lamberto Gardelli - (Decca)

1790s operas
1797
The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario is a centre-right political party in Ontario, Canada. The party was organized in 1854 by Sir John A. Macdonald and George-Étienne Cartier. It has formed the government of Ontario for 80 of the last 147 years, including the period from 1943 to 1985.

In the 2014 provincial general election, the party won 28 out of 107 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. On July 2, 2014, Jim Wilson was chosen to be the temporary leader of the party and Leader of the Opposition. In the 2018 Ontario general election, they won a full majority of seats under the leadership of Doug Ford.

2018 Platform 

On March 10, 2018, Doug Ford, former city councillor and the brother of the late former Mayor of Toronto Rob Ford, was chosen as the leader of the PC Party, closely beating runner-up Christine Elliott on the third ballot with 50.6% of allocated points, however Elliot had more votes. Since Ford didn't have a seat in the legislature, Ford opted to have Vic Fedeli continue as Leader of the Opposition prior to the 2018 election. 

The Ontario PC Party's 2018 platform was named the Plan For The People.

On June 7, 2018, Ford led the party to a majority government. The PC Party won 76 of 124 seats and 40.5% of the vote.

References

Other websites
 

Political parties of Ontario
Conservative parties
1865 establishments in North America
1860s establishments in Canada
Transavia is a Dutch and French low-cost carrier. It is currently owned by Air France-KLM.  It began on January 3, 1966. It was the third airline founded in the Netherlands. The first scheduled flight happened on October 26, 1986.  It has scheduled (planned) and charter (irregular) flights to many destinations in Europe.

Gallery

References

Airlines of Europe
Low-cost airlines
1966 establishments in Europe
1960s establishments in the Netherlands
1960s establishments in France
TAROM is the national airline of Romania. Its main hub is at Otopeni Airport at Bucharest. The government of Romania owns 95% of TAROM.

History
TAROM began in 1954.  Since Romania was part of the Eastern Bloc, TAROM had to fly mostly airplanes made by the Soviet Union. When the Soviet Union ended in 1991, TAROM was allowed to buy airplanes from other countries.  TAROM started flying Airbus planes in 1993. In 2010, TAROM joined SkyTeam.  As of 2016, TAROM owns 23 airplanes and goes to 79 cities across Europe, Asia, Africa and North America.

Gallery

References

1954 establishments in Europe
Airlines of Europe
Romania
In both road and rail vehicles, the wheelbase is the distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels.

Vehicles 
Because of the effect the wheelbase has on the weight distribution of the vehicle, wheelbase dimensions are very important to the balance and steering. In high performance vehicles a longer wheelbase is more stable at higher speeds. A short wheelbase vehicle is usually able to corner faster but may be less aerodynamic. The wheelbase, along with the track, affects a vehicle's steering angle (how sharply it can turn).

Wheelbase has an effect on a vehicle's turning radius (or turning circle). This is the smallest circle an automobile can turn or U-turn within. A long wheelbase automobile or truck cannot turn as sharply as a short wheelbase vehicle.

Towing and wheelbase 
If the vehicle is towing a trailer (in British English a caravan) the weight distribution of the trailer is critical. If too much of the trailer's weight, called "tongue weight", presses down on the vehicle's tow hitch (more than 15 percent) it can cause the vehicle to go out of control. Too little tongue weight (less than 10 percent) can cause the trailer to sway from side to side. this in turn can make the vehicle difficult or even impossible to control. The shorter the wheelbase the more quickly these forces can cause a loss of control. A longer wheelbase vehicle is generally more desirable for towing. Each vehicle has a tow rating showing how much weight it can tow safely.

Appearance 
A vehicle's wheelbase is also important to the overall aesthetic appeal of a automobile design. Wheelbase is part of the balance and proportion of an automobile.  Some Luxury vehicles are offered with long wheelbases to increase the spaciousness and luxury of the vehicle. This is found most often on full-size cars. In contrast, coupé varieties of the some vehicles such as the Honda Accord are usually built on shorter wheelbases than the sedans they are based on.

Related pages 
track
Bicycle and motorcycle geometry
Force
Static equilibrium
Weight

References 

Automobiles
The Abydos King List, also known as the Abydos Table, is a list of 76 kings of Ancient Egypt. It was written on a wall of the Temple of Seti I at Abydos, Egypt. The list has three rows of 38 cartouches (borders around the name of a king) in each row. The upper two rows list the kings, while the third row repeats Seti I's throne name and praenomen.

It lists the Old Kingdom kings in the order in which they ruled. It is the only record of the names of many of the kings of the Seventh and Eighth Dynasties.

This names of some earlier pharaohs who were not seen to be lawful rulers — such as Akhenaten, Hatshepsut, Smenkhkare, Tutankhamen, and Ay, have been left out of the list.

The king list

First Dynasty

Second Dynasty

Third Dynasty

Fourth Dynasty

Fifth Dynasty

Sixth Dynasty

Seventh/Eighth Dynasty

Eleventh/Twelfth Dynasty

Eighteenth Dynasty

Nineteenth Dynasty

Related pages
 Karnak king list
 Palermo Stone
 Turin King List or Turin Papyrus

Other websites

Abydos Table
Abydos King List

Ancient Egypt
Structural loads or actions are forces, deformations, or accelerations applied to a structure or its components. A load is the amount of weight a structure has to carry. Loads cause stresses, deformations, and displacements in structures. Structural analysis is the calculation of the effects of loads on physical structures. Excess load or overloading may cause structural failure. This is a consideration in the design and construction of a structure.

Mechanical structures, such as aircraft, satellites, rockets, space stations, ships and submarines, have their own particular structural loads and actions. In a vehicle, especially trucks, the chassis is designed to carry the structural load. In many cars unibody construction is used where the metal skin (or other materials) is designed to carry the load.  
 
Gravity on Earth is an attractive force that affects all objects. A gravity load is one that the downward force of gravity affects.

Structural loads 
The following are typical loads exerted against most structures:
Dead load is the load that permanently acts on the structure. It includes the structure itself. A dead load is a gravity load.
Live load is anything the structure is designed to carry. Live loads may move within the structure exerting different loads in different parts of the structure at different times. They are not permanent. A live load may be furniture and people in a building. It may be passengers and luggage in a vehicle.
Wind load is the force of wind against the surface of a structure. Wind loads are horizontal lateral forces. Wind load is very important in the design of taller buildings. Wind shear is a force that may affect structures vertically or horizontally. Uplift is a negative force caused by wind. It may cause a roof to lift upward.
Snow load is the load caused by snow. Similar to a live load is it not permanent and may move due to wind causing snow to drift on a roof.

Other environmental loads 
Seismic loads
Temperature changes leading to thermal expansion cause thermal loads
Ponding loads
Frost heaving
Lateral pressure of soil, groundwater or bulk materials
Loads from fluids or floods
Permafrost melting

Aircraft structural loads 
For aircraft, loading is divided into two major categories: limit loads and ultimate loads. Limit loads are the maximum loads a component or structure may carry safely. Ultimate loads are the limit loads times a factor of 1.5 or the point beyond which the component or structure will fail. Gust loads are determined statistically and are provided by an agency such as the Federal Aviation Administration. Crash loads are loosely bounded by the ability of structures to survive the deceleration of a major ground impact. Other loads that may be critical are pressure loads (for pressurized, high-altitude aircraft) and ground loads. Loads on the ground can be from adverse braking or maneuvering during taxiing. Aircraft are constantly subjected to cyclic loading. These cyclic loads can cause metal fatigue.

References 

Engineering
Argentina national volleyball team is the national volleyball team of Argentina. The team's best achievements are the 1982 World Championship bronze medal and the bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

Honors 
 Olympics: Bronze medal (1988)
 World Championship: Bronze Medal (1982)
 America's Cup: Silver medal (1998)

References 

 www.feva.org.ar - Argentina Volleyball Federation (FeVA)

National volleyball teams
Sport in Argentina
Spain national volleyball team is the national volleyball team of Spain. On 16 September 2007 the team won the European title. That is the best result reached by the team in his history.

Honors 
 European Championship: Gold medal (2007)
 European League: Gold Medal (2007) - Silver medal (2009, 2010, 2011) - Bronze medal (2005, 2012)

References 

 www.rfevb.com - Spain Volleyball Federation (Real Federación Española de Voleibol - RFEVB)

National volleyball teams
Sport in Spain
Two for the Road is a 1967 comedy-drama motion picture. This movie is about a couple who examine their relationship while on a trip to southern France. Audrey Hepburn plays Joanna Wallace. Albert Finney plays Mark.

The movie got positive reviews from critics.

Other websites
 
 

1960s comedy-drama movies
1967 comedy movies
1967 drama movies
British comedy-drama movies
Movies directed by Stanley Donen
In Cold Blood is a 1967 American crime-drama movie. The movie is based on the novel of the same name. It is about Richard Hickock and Perry Smith. In 1959, the two men break into a Kansas home and kill four people. They drive to Las Vegas, then to Mexico. They are later caught by police, tried for the murders, then executed. Robert Blake plays Perry Smith. Scott Wilson plays Richard Hickock.

The movie was released on 14 December 1967. It was officially rated R by the MPAA for violence.

Other websites
 
 
 

1967 drama movies
1967 crime movies
1960s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
Movies set in Mexico
Movies based on books
Movies set in Kansas
Movies set in Las Vegas
Movies set in the 1950s
Movies directed by Richard Brooks
Casino Royale is a 1967 spy-comedy movie. The movie is about James Bond being forced from retirement to investigate the deaths and disappearances of international spies. Ursula Andress plays Vesper Lynd. David Niven plays James Bond.

The movie was a financial success. It took in over $41 million worldwide. The reviews for Casino Royale, were mixed.

Other websites
 
 

1967 comedy movies
1960s spy movies
British comedy movies
English-language movies
James Bond movies
Movies set in London
Movies set in Scotland
Movies directed by Robert Parrish
Movies directed by John Huston
Movies directed by Val Guest
Movies directed by Ken Hughes
Fanny Brice (October 29, 1891 – May 29, 1951) was an American singer, comedian, theater and movie actress. She appeared in many Broadway plays. She also appeared on television and radio. On radio, she played Snooks in The Baby Snooks Show. In the movie Everybody Sing, she played Olga. 

Brice was born in New York City. She died in Hollywood, California from a cerebral hemorrhage. She was 59.

References

Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
Comedians from New York City
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
1891 births
1951 deaths
Stephanie Courtney (born February 8, 1970) is an American actress and comedian. She acts in television and radio commercials. She played Flo in commercials for Progressive Insurance. She also played Diane on the ABC comedy series Caveman.

Courtney was born in Stony Point, New York.

References

Actors from New York
American movie actors
American radio actors
American television actors
Comedians from New York
1970 births
Living people
The South Saqqara Stone is a large piece of stone. Written on the stone is a list of the pharaohs of the 6th dynasty of ancient Egypt. The list includes Teti, Userkare, Pepi I, Merenre and Pepi II. The list finishes with Pepi II which means it was probably written during his rule. The list is a record of the events which took place during each kings rule. However the stone was used later as the lid of sarcophagus.  This was for the burial of the ancient Egyptian queen Ankhenespepi. A lot of the writing can not be read any longer.

Discovery
The South Saqqara Stone was discovered in 1932-33 by Gustave Jéquier. It was in a storeroom, south of the pyramid of Queen Iput II. This is part of the pyramid complex of Pepi II at Saqqara. Saqqara was the main burial area for the city of Memphis.

Description
The stone is a piece of basalt, 2.43 metres by 0.92 metres and 20 centimetres thick. It has writing on both sides, but much of the writing has been removed and is unreadable.

Significance
The writing on the South Saqqara Stone means it is an important object. The list of pharaohs has details about the annual or biannual cattle count. This matches details in other lists such as the Turin King List. This allows archaeologists to work out how long each king ruled. From the information on the stone it can be worked out that  Teti ruled for at least 12 years, Userkare 2-4 years, Pepi I 49-50 years and 11-13 years for Merenre.

The Stone is one of the earliest historical documents in existence. It has the names of all the pharaohs known to the people who made it.

Related pages 
 List of pharaohs
 Abydos King List
 Karnak king list
 Saqqara Tablet
 Turin King List

References

Francesco Raffaele: "The South Saqqara Stone"
Michel Baud, Vassil Dobrev, De nouvelles annales de l'Ancien Empire égyptien. Une "Pierre de Palerme" pour la VIe dynastie, BIFAO 95 (1995), pp.23-92

Ancient Egypt
The Magnificent Seven is an American western movie. It was made in 1960. The music composer was Elmer Bernstein. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Original Music Score in 1960.

The movie stars Yul Brynner, Eli Wallach and Steve McQueen. The movie is a western style version of Akira Kurosawa's Japanese-language movie Seven Samurai, made in 1954. Other actors are Charles Bronson, Robert Vaughn, James Coburn, Brad Dexter, Horst Buchholz and Bing Russell.

A Mexican village keeps on getting raided for food and supplies by a bandit (Eli Wallach) and his gang. The seven are a group of gunfighters hired to protect the village. The movie was made on location in Mexico. One of the towns used for the village is Durango.

In 2013, the movie was picked by the Library of Congress to be kept in the National Film Registry because it is "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". This means the movie will be protected from damage that happens to older film that was used to make movies.

Cast
Yul Brynner as Chris Adams
Eli Wallach as Calvera
Steve McQueen as Vin
Horst Buchholz as Chico
Charles Bronson as Bernardo O'Reilly
Robert Vaughn as Lee
James Coburn as Britt
Brad Dexter as Harry Luck
 Val Avery as Henry the Corset Salesman
Bing Russell as Robert, Henry's Traveling Companion

Reception
When it was released, the movie did not get many good reviews. Howard Thompson of The New York Times, said the movie was a "pallid, pretentious and overlong reflection of the Japanese original". He also said: "don't expect anything like the ice-cold suspense, the superb juxtaposition of revealing human vignettes and especially the pile-driver tempo of the first Seven."

Variety magazine said, "Until the women and children arrive on the scene about two-thirds of the way through, The Magnificent Seven is a rip-roaring rootin' tootin' western with lots of bite and tang and old-fashioned abandon. The last third is downhill, a long and cluttered anti-climax in which The Magnificent Seven grow slightly too magnificent for comfort."

But one reviewer, Akira Kurosawa, liked the movie so well that he gave the producer, John Sturges, a sword.

Over the years, the movie has become more liked and gets modern praise. Many of the actors became movie stars.  They have been seen in other movies and on television. The movie itself also is shown on TV and can be seen on DVD.  As of 2015, it has a freshness rating of 93 percent on Rotten Tomatoes. Of movie viewers, 88 percent said they liked it. The film is also ranked  79 on American Film Institute's:  AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills list.

References

Other websites 
 

1960 movies
1960s western movies
English-language movies
United States National Film Registry movies
American western movies
Movies directed by John Sturges
The Thermidorian Reaction was a coup d'état inside the French Revolution. It was against the leaders of the Jacobin Club, who had dominated the Committee of Public Safety. It was triggered by a vote of the National Convention to execute Maximilien Robespierre, Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, and several other leading members of the revolutionary government. This ended the Reign of Terror, the most radical phase of the French Revolution.

The name Thermidorian refers to 9 Thermidor Year II (27 July 1794), the date according to the French Republican Calendar.

A Thermidorian Reaction is a phrase now used when an oppressive regime (government) is overthrown, and replaced by an even more repressive regime.

This term comes from the French Revolution, when the monarchy was overthrown. It was replaced by several forms of government, each more oppressive than the last.  One of the regimes renamed the months and renumbered the years because they were too Christian.  One of the summer months was called Thermidor.  This particular revolution happened in that month, so it was called the Thermidorian Reaction.

Politics