cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Blue tongue lizard redirects here.

Blue-tongued skinks make up the Australasian genus, Tiliqua, which has some of the largest members of the skink family (Scincidae). They are also called blue-tongued lizards or simply blue-tongues, shinglebacks or the sleepy lizard in Australia. The main feature of the genus is a large blue tongue that can be used to scare away enemies.

Distribution
Blue-tongued skinks are closely related to the genera Cyclodomorphus and Hemisphaeriodon. All species are found on mainland Australia except Tiliqua gigas which lives in New Guinea and various islands of Indonesia. One subspecies of Tiliqua scincoides is also found on several small Indonesian islands between Australia and New Guinea. Tiliqua nigrolutea is the only species in Tasmania. With the exception of the pygmy blue-tongue, they are large lizards which can grow up to 45 cm total length. They are light-bodied, short-limbed, broad with a distinct head and dull teeth.

Ecology
Most species are diurnal ground-foraging omnivores, feeding on insects, gastropods, flowers, fruits and berries. The pygmy blue-tongue however mainly eats arthropods. The skinks give birth to live young. The litter sizes ranging from 1–4 in the pygmy blue-tongue and shingleback to 5–24 in the eastern and northern blue-tongues.

Species and subspecies
Tiliqua adelaidensis, (Adelaide) Pygmy Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua gigas, Indonesian Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua gigas evanescens, Merakue Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua gigas keyensis, Key Island Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua sp., Irian Jaya Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua multifasciata, Centralian Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua nigrolutea, Blotched Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua occipitalis, Western Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua rugosa, Shingleback (or Sleepy Lizard)
Tiliqua rugosa rugosa, Common Shingleback
Tiliqua rugosa aspera, Eastern Shingleback
Tiliqua rugosa palarra, Shark Bay Shingleback
Tiliqua rugosa konowi, Rottnest Island Shingleback
Tiliqua scincoides, Australian Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua scincoides scincoides, Eastern Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua scincoides intermedia, Northern Blue-tongued Skink
Tiliqua scincoides chimaerea, Tanimbar Blue-tongued Skink

Notes

References
  (2006): Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 503–511.  (HTML abstract)
  (1988): Mate fidelity in an Australian lizard Trachydosaurus rugosus (Scincidae). Copeia 1987(3): 749-757.
  (1990): Comparison of displaced and retained partners in a monogamous lizard Tiliqua rugosa. Australian Wildlife Research 17: 135-140.
  (1996): A prey record of the Eastern Blue-tongue Tiliqua scincoides for the common brown snake Pseudonaja textilis. Monitor  8(3): 155.

Other websites

 Bluetongue fact file
 Blue-tongued Lizards in New South Wales
 Operation Bluetongue - Citizen Science study project  at UniSA 
 Site devoted exclusively to blue-tongued skinks

Reptiles of Australia
Lizards
Felis is a genus of small cats in the family Felidae. They include the familiar domestic cat and its closest wild relatives. The wild species are found in Europe, southern and central Asia, and Africa. The domestic cat, which may have its origin in North Africa, is now worldwide.

Members of the genus Felis are all small felines, rather similar to the domestic cat. The smallest species is the sand cat, which may be less than  in length, while the largest is the jungle cat, which can reach . They live in many habitats: forests, grassland, swampland and deserts. They mostly feed on small rodents, supplementing their diet with birds and other small animals, depending on their local environment.

Genetic studies indicate that the genus Felis first evolved around eight to ten million years ago, probably in the Mediterranean region.

Species
The genus Felis is currently considered to consist of six living species, although the domestic cat and Chinese mountain cat are sometimes considered subspecies of F. silvestris. 

 Felis chaus (Schreber, 1777) – jungle cat
 Felis margarita (Loche, 1858) – sand cat
 Felis nigripes (Burchell, 1824) – black-footed cat
 Felis silvestris (Schreber, 1775) – wildcat
 Felis catus (Linnaeus, 1758) – domestic cat (sometimes Felis silvestris catus)
 Felis bieti (Milne-Edwards, 1892) – Chinese mountain cat 
 Felis attica (Wagner, 1857) – (extinct)
 Felis lunensis (Martelli, 1906) – Martelli's cat (extinct)

Other small cats 
Small cats are those smaller than the cheetah. These are small cats classified under other genera than Felis:
Caracal: western and south Asia and Africa
Leopardus: the small cats of the Americas, such as the Margay and the Ocelot
Leptailurus: the Serval, southern Africa
Lynx: Eurasia
Pardofelis: southeast Asia
Prionailurus: Asia
Profelis: African golden cat, rainforests only

References 

Felines
Susan Leigh Vaughan Smith (born September 26, 1971) is an American murderer. She was born in Union, South Carolina, and was a former student of the University of South Carolina Union. She was sentenced to life in prison on July 22, 1995 for killing her two sons on October 25, 1994.  

The sons were 3-year-old Michael Daniel Smith, born October 10, 1991, and 14-month-old Alexander Tyler Smith, born August 5, 1993. At the time of the murders, Smith was estranged from her husband and had a boyfriend who did not want children in his life. She believed that by killing her children, her boyfriend would want a long-term relationship with her.

Case 
The case gained worldwide attention after it was broadcast live. Smith told police that an African American man carjacked, and kidnapped her sons. Several weeks later, she confessed that she drove her car into a nearby lake. She got out of the car, and watched her sons drown inside the car. Smith later said that she suffered from mental illnesses, which made her kill her sons.

Smith's defense psychiatrist diagnosed her with dependent personality disorder and depression.

According to the South Carolina Department of Corrections, Smith will be eligible for parole on November 4, 2024, after serving at least of thirty years.  She is currently at South Carolina's Leath Correctional Institution, near Greenwood. 

In 2010, Deadly Women told the story of what happened that night, focusing on Smith's case and other parents that have killed their children.

References

Books

Other websites
 U.S. News Year in Review - Susan Smith Trial - Dec. 28, 1995 - CNN
 Michael & Alexander Smith memorial at Findagrave

1971 births
Living people
American murderers
American prisoners
Hoaxes
People from South Carolina

People with personality disorders
The List of Arsenal F.C. players is evolving.  The history of the team is created by its players.

Arsenal F.C. is an English Premier League club in Holloway, North London.

Players

First-team squad

UEFA Reserve squad

Former players 

The "100 Club" is an honour given by Arsenal. It is to formally recognise retired players with over 100 league appearances. As of September 2016, 75 living players have been inducted with a further 26 automatically enrolled once they end their careers.

David O'Leary has played the most games. Between 1975 and 1993, he played 722 times for the club. 

Thierry Henry has the goalscoring record. He scored 228 goals in all competitions between 1999 and 2007 and during a loan spell with the club in 2012. The previous record was held by Ian Wright.

Famous former players

Alan Smith
Alex James (footballer)
Charlie George
Cliff Bastin
David Seaman
Dennis Bergkamp
Frank McLintock
Liam Brady
Pat Jennings
Patrick Vieira
Tony Adams

Related pages
 List of English Premier League clubs

References

Other websites
 Arsenal website 

English football clubs
Lists of footballers
football
Aragua River is in Libertador municipality of the state Aragua in Venezuela. It starts north of the city of La Victoria at the meeting of the San Carlos and Gabante. The mouth is located in lake of Valencia (10º 10' 38" N - 67º 36' 14" W). It is  long. It goes through the towns of La Victoria, San Mateo, Cagua, La Encrucijada and Palo Negro.

References

Other websites
 Wikimapia: Río Aragua

Rivers of Venezuela
Virginia Cruzon (May 25, 1921 - August 21, 2010) was an American actress and model. She began her career in show business, in the early 1940s, by doing "extra work" and "hand inserts" in movies. Cruzon worked as a "Glamour Lovely" at the Earl Carroll Theater in Hollywood. She was chosen as a “Goldwyn Girl” by MGM Studios. She was one of the "Twelve Featured Show Girls" in the movie Ziegfeld Girl. Virginia appeared in the movies Down to Earth with Rita Hayworth and Up in Arms with Danny Kaye. Her last movie performance was in 1969, with Elvis Presley in the movie Charro!. Virginia Cruzon died of natural causes, at the age of 89, at her home in Laramie, Wyoming.

References

Other websites

1921 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American movie actors
Models from California
Actors from Wyoming
Actors from San Francisco
The Nimravidae is an extinct family in the Carnivora. It is a type of cat-like mammal in the suborder Feliformia.
They lived in North America, Europe, and Asia from the Eocene through the Miocene epochs, 42–20 million years ago (mya). They lasted for about 22 million years.

Although some nimravids physically resembled the sabre-toothed cats of genus Smilodon, they were not closely related, but evolved a similar form through parallel evolution.

The ancestors of nimravids and felids diverged from their common ancestor about 50 mya. Most had muscular, low-slung, catlike bodies, but with shorter legs and tails.

Teeth 
Some nimravids did evolve into large toothed cat-like forms with massive flattened upper canines and mandibular flanges. Others had teeth similar to modern cats, with smaller canines. Some had canines more intermediate relationship between the saber-toothed cats and felids. These differences must have reflected different methods of attacking their prey.

Not only did nimravids have varied tooth styles, but they also showed the same range of size size and shape as felids. Some were leopard-sized, others the size of today's lions and tigers, and one had the short face, rounded skull and smaller canines of the modern cheetah.

References 

Feliformia
In geometry, when a cone and a plane intersect, a conic section results. 

Preliminary In  elementary geometry, cones are assumed to be right circular. Circular means that the base is a circle and right means that the axis passes through the centre of the base at right angles to its plane. Contrasted with right cones are oblique cones, in which the axis does not pass perpendicularly through the centre of the base.  

Definition A conic is the curve got by intersecting a plane, called the cutting plane, with a cone. The cone is a right circular cone for easy description, but any double cone with some circular cross-section will do. 

There are three different types of sections, the parabola, the hyperbola and the ellipse. The circle is a special case of an ellipse. Sometimes the circle is mentioned as a fourth type, because calculating with a circle is easier than with an ellipse, most of the time.

The conic sections are known at least since 200 BC,  when Apollonius of Perga (~262 BC to ~190 BC) studied of their properties. They came to more attention when mathematicians discovered that the solutions of the two-body problem were conic sections.

References
Yozyouhan Sinwa Taikei is a Japanese novel. It was written by Tomihiko Morimi. In 2010, it was adapted to an animated work and broadcast by Noitamina.

Outline
At Kyoto University, a male student tries to change his life. The story differs somewhat between the original novel and the anime adaptation.

Novel

The novel is organized into separate stories.

1st story The main character belongs to a movie club.

2nd story The main character becomes a pupil of Mr. Higuchi.

3rd story The main character belongs to a softball club.

4th story The main character belongs to secret organization.

Anime

The anime is organized into separate stories.

1st story The main character belongs to tennis club "Cupid." 

2nd story The main character belongs to the movie club "Misogi."

3rd story The main character belongs to the cycling club "Soreiyu."

4th story The main character becomes a pupil to Mr. Higuchi.

5th story The main character belongs to a softball club "Honwaka."

6th story The main character belongs to an English conversation club "Joy English."

7th story The main character belongs to a Hero show club.

8th story The main character belongs to the reading club "SEA."

9th story The main character belongs to the secret organization "Fukuneko Hanten."

10th story The main character does not leave his room. 

11th story Pleasure to see.

Other websites

TV anime's official website

Novels
The I-League is an association football league which is the top division in India.

History
The league was established in 2007.

Clubs in the 2012-13 season

Champions

References

Football leagues
Football in India
2007 establishments in Asia
2000s establishments in India
The tenth season of SpongeBob SquarePants was on television from October 15, 2016 to December 2, 2017. The season began with the episodes "Whirly Brains" and "Mermaid Pants." It ended with the episodes "The Getaway" and "Lost and Found." Stephen Hillenburg, the show's creator, was the season's executive producer. Marc Ceccarelli and Vincent Waller were the supervising producer.

The tenth season won the 2017 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards for Favorite Cartoon. The season was released to DVD on October 15, 2019.

Episodes

References

Other websites
IMDB

SpongeBob SquarePants seasons
2010s television seasons
2017 television seasons
Super Typhoon Nancy had extremely intense winds near 215 miles an hour, giving her the strongest recorded winds of any tropical cyclone. It happened September 1961. The comparable cyclones of Typhoon Tip, Typhoon Keith, Hurricane Camille and Hurricane Allen all had winds at 190 miles an hour. The Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale did not exist during 1961, although Nancy would have been classified as Category Five for five and a half days, which would be a record in the Northern Hemisphere. Nancy was also destructive: she created over $500 million (1961 USD) in damage and killed around 174 people in Japan. Nancy hit Guam before that.

1961
Tropical cyclones in Asia
Tropical cyclones in Oceania
Antillesoma is a genus of peanut worms Phylum Sipuncula. The genus belongs to the family Phascolosomatidae Antillesoma was described in 1973 by Stephen and Edmonds.

Species
 Antillesoma antillarum (Grube, 1858)

References

Other website 
 Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS): Antillesoma Stephen and Edmonds, 1972 Taxonomic Serial No.: 772462
 National Centrer of Biotechnology Information (NCBI): Antillesoma Taxonomy ID: 210780

Minor phyla
Antillesoma antillarum is the only species of peanut worms (Sipuncula) of the genus Antillesoma. The genus belongs to the family Phascolosomatidae.

Synonymy 
 Aspidosiphon mokyevskii (Murina, 1964)  
 Golfingia (Thysanocardia) mokyevskii Murina, 1964  
 Golfingia mokyevskii Murina, 1964  
 Phascolion antillarum </small>  
 Phascolosoma (Aedematosomum) antillarum Grube, 1858  
 Phascolosoma (Antillesoma) antillarum Grube, 1858  
 Phascolosoma (Antillesoma) asser (Selenka & De Man, 1883)  
 Phascolosoma (Antillesoma) pelmum  (Selenka & De Man, 1883)  
 Phascolosoma (Antillesoma) schmidti Murina, 1975  
 Phascolosoma (Rueppellisoma) gaudens (Lanchester, 1905)  
 Phascolosoma (Rueppellisoma) onomichianum (Ikeda, 1904)  
 Phascolosoma (Rueppellisoma) simile (Chen & Yeh, 1958)  
 Phascolosoma (Rueppellisoma) weldonii (Shipley, 1892)  
 Phascolosoma aethiops Baird, 1868  
 Phascolosoma antillarum Grube, 1858  
 Phascolosoma asser (Selenka & De Man, 1883)  
 Phascolosoma fuscum Keferstein, 1862  
 Phascolosoma glans (De Quatrefages, 1865)  
 Phascolosoma immodestum (De Quatrefages, 1865)  
 Phascolosoma nigriceps Baird, 1868  
 Phascolosoma onomichianum (Ikeda, 1904)  
 Phascolosoma pelma (Selenka & De Man, 1883)  
 Phascolosoma pelmum (Selenka & De Man, 1883)  
 Phascolosoma similis (Chen & Yeh, 1958)  
 Phymosoma antillarum (Grube, 1858)  
 Phymosoma asser Selenka & De Man, in Selenka, de Man & Bülow, 1883  
 Phymosoma onomichianum Ikeda, 1904  
 Phymosoma pelma Selenka & De Man, in Selenka, de Man & Bülow, 1883  
 Physcosoma antillarum (Grube, 1858)  
 Physcosoma asser (Selenka & De Man, 1883)  
 Physcosoma gaudens Lanchester, 1905  
 Physcosoma onomichianum (Ikeda, 1904)  
 Physcosoma pelma (Selenka & De Man, 1883)  
 Physcosoma similis Chen & Yeh, 1958  
 Physcosoma weldonii Shipley, 1892  
 Sipunculus (Aedematosomum) glans De Quatrefages, 1865  
 Sipunculus (Aedematosomum) immodestus De Quatrefages, 1865

Distribution
This species is widespread in tropical and subtropical waters. It has been reported in the western Atlantic and the Caribbean from Florida to Brazil, in the eastern Atlantic in Sierra Leone.

Habitat
Antillesoma antillarum have been found living in mollusc shell middens.  They accompany and associate with the following species of sipunculids: Aspidosiphon albus,   A. Parvulus, A. fischeri, Temistes lageniformis, y Nephasoma pellucidum.

References

Other website 
 Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS): Antillesoma antillarum  (Grübe and Oersted, 1858) Taxonomic Serial No.: 772615
 National Centrer of Biotechnology Information (NCBI): Antillesoma antillarum Taxonomy ID: 210781
 Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL): Antillesoma antillarum

Minor phyla
The Python bivittatus (or Burmese python) is one of the fifth largest snakes in the world. It is native to a large variation of tropic and subtropic areas of Southern and Southeast Asia. Until 2009 they were considered a subspecies of Python molurus. Now they are recognized as a distinct species.

Burmese pythons are dark-coloured snakes with many brown blotches, edged with black, down their back. It can grow up to 5 to 7 metres (16 to 23 ft) long, but some may only reach up to the length of 4 metres (13 feet). They usually weigh around 90 kg. The longest Burmese python ever recored was a female named "Baby" which lived in the Serpent Safari, Gurnee, Illinois and was 27 years old when she died. When "Baby" died she was 8.23 metres (27 ft) long, and weighed 183 kg

The Burmese python is found throughout Southern and Southeast Asia including Eastern India, Nepal, Western Bhutan, Southeast Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Northern Malaysia, far southern China, Indonesia, Southern Sulawesi, Bali and Sumbawa. It lives in grasslands, marshes, swamps, woodlands, river valleys, and jungles with open clearings.

The Burmese python, like all types of snakes, are carnivorous. They mainly eat birds and mammals like mice, rats, rabbits, pigs and goats. Some have been seen eating larger animals like alligators and deer.
Burmese Pythons are mainly nocturnal. Young Burmese Pythons usually live in trees and on ground but when they become older they live mainly on the ground. They are excellent swimmers and can stay underwater for around half an hour.
Burmese pythons breed in the early spring and females lay around 12-36 eggs in March or April. The female python then remains with the eggs until they have hatched. Once the hatchlings use their egg tooth to cut their way out of the eggs the mother then leaves. The babies often stay inside the eggs until they have completed their first shedding of their skin, after this they leave to hunt for their first meal. Burmese pythons live for around 20 to 27 years.

References

Pythons
'''Sporting Club East Bengal are an Indian professional football club based at Kolkata.

East Bengal is one of the teams which compete in the I-League.

History
East Bengal Football Club was established in 1920.

In 1998, the name of the club was changed from East Bengal Football Club to Kingfisher East Bengal Football Club.

In July 2003, East Bengal won the ASEAN Club Championship  at Jakarta.

Players

First-team squad

Notable past players
 Byomkesh Bose, 1948–1958
 Baichung Bhutia, 1993-1995, 1997-1999, 2003-2006, 2009-2011
 Paritosh Chakravarty, 1942–1949
 Surja Chakravarty, 1925–1927, 1929-1934
 Mona Dutta, 1922–1925
 Sunil Ghosh, 1938, 1940-1948
 Ahmed Khan, 1949–1959
 Majid, 1931-1937
 Lakshmi Narayan, 1935–1940
 J. Sarkar, 1925–1927, 1929-1932 
 Dulal Thakurta, 1927-1929, 1931-1937, 1939-1941

Related pages 
 Sports in India
 List of Indian football teams

References

Other websites

 Official East Bengal Club Website
 East Bengal Football Club Fans Website

Indian football clubs
1920 establishments in Asia
Kolkata
1920s establishments in India
Sally Elizabeth Phillips (born 10 May 1970) is a British actress, Television presenter and comedienne. She was born in Hong Kong. She is married with three children and lives in London.

Phillips wrote and starred in Smack the Pony. She played Shazza in Bridget Jones's Diary and Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason.

References

Other websites 

1970 births
Actors from Hong Kong
Living people
British radio actors
English comedians
English movie actors
English screenwriters
English television actors
English television writers
English writers
Hurricane Eloise was a really destructive storm in September 1975 that struck Puerto Rico, Hispaniola and northwest Florida. She caused around 80 deaths and $560 million along her path. When Eloise struck Florida, winds were 125 mph, making the storm Category Three. The name Eloise was retired from Atlantic Basin tropical cyclone lists the following year.

Hurricanes in the United States
1975 in North America
1970s in Florida
20th century in Puerto Rico
Hurricane Dora struck the northeast coast of Florida and became the first hurricane to do so. She created next to $250 million in damage around the area she hit. Winds from Dora reached almost 125 mph around Jacksonville, Florida when she hit. Dora was later retired from Atlantic hurricane lists, although the name is being used today for naming lists of the Eastern Pacific names.

Hurricanes in the United States
1964 in the United States
1960s in Florida
20th century in Georgia (U.S. state)
20th century in South Carolina
Trappist beer is brewed by Trappist monks. There are eight Trappist monasteries--six in Belgium, one in the Netherlands, and one in Austria.

Monastery brewhouses, from different religious orders, have been across Europe since the Middle Ages. The monastery of La Trappe in Soligny had its own brewery in 1685. Breweries were later added in monasteries of other countries as the trappist order spread from France into the rest of Europe. The Trappists, like many other religious people, first brewed beer to feed the community.  Now, Trappist breweries also brew beer to pay for their works and for good causes. Many of the Trappist monasteries and breweries were destroyed during the French Revolution and the World Wars.

Types of beer
With the recent exception of Koningshoeven's Bockbier, Trappist beers are all top-fermented and mainly bottle conditioned. Trappist breweries use different names for the different beers produced.  The names relate to their strength.

The best known is the system where different beers are called Enkel/Single, Dubbel/Double and Tripel/Triple. With the importance of the Holy Trinity in the church, it is unlikely that the choice of three types of beers was accidental. Enkels are now no longer brewed as such.

Colours can be used to tell the different types.  This dates back to the days when bottles were unlabelled and had to be identified by the bottle-top alone. Chimay beer labels are based on the colour system (in increasing order of strength red, white and blue).  Westvleteren beers are still unlabelled.

There is also a number system (6,8 and 10, as used by Rochefort), which gives an idea of strength. Achel combine a strength and a colour (of the beer itselfblond or brown).

Beers
The official Trappist breweries make the following beers:-
 Achel sells Blonde (8% ABV), Brune (8% ABV), Extra Blonde (8% ABV), Extra Brune (8% ABV).
 Chimay sells Red Label (dark, 7% ABV), White Label (Blonde/Tripel, ABV 8%) and Blue Label (dark, 9% ABV).
 Koningshoeven sells:
 La Trappe Blond (6.5% ABV)
 La Trappe Dubbel (7% ABV)
 La Trappe Isid'or (7.5% ABV)
 La Trappe Tripel (8% ABV)
 La Trappe Quadrupel (10%V)
 La Trappe Quadrupel Oak Aged (10% ABV)
 La Trappe Witte Trappist (5.5% ABV)
 La Trappe Bockbier (7% ABV) (Seasonal)
 La Trappe PUUR (4.7% ABV) (organic)
 Orval sells a "unique" dry hopped 6.2% amber ale.
 Rochefort sells three dark ales, "6" (7.5% ABV). "8" (9.2% ABV) and "10" (11.3% ABV).
 Westmalle sells Dubbel (7% ABV) and Tripel (9.5% ABV),
 Westvleteren sells Green Cap or Blonde, (5.8% ABV), Blue Cap (dark, 8% ABV) and Yellow Cap (dark, 10.2% ABV).

Glassware
Belgian breweries have a tradition of providing custom beer glasses. The Trappist breweries often provide "chalice" or "goblet" style glasses.

References

Types of beer
Belgian culture
The Westvleteren Brewery (Brouwerij Westvleteren) is a Belgian brewery.  It was formed in 1838 inside the Trappist Abbey of Saint Sixtus of Westvleteren in the Belgian municipality of Vleteren. The brewery and its beers are usually called Westvleteren. The brewery's three beers have an international reputation for taste and quality.  They also have a limited availability.

In 1931, the abbey began selling beer to the general public.  Before, they only served beer to guests and visitors.

It is the only Trappist brewery where the monks still do all of the brewing. Of the 26 Cistercians who live in the abbey, five monks run the brewery, with an additional five who assist during bottling (putting the beer in bottles).

Commercial orientations 

As with all other Trappist breweries, the beer is only sold in order to financially support the monastery and other good causes. There is no advertising except for a small sign outside the abbey. The monks have repeatedly said that they only brew enough beer to run the monastery.  They will make no more than they need to sell, regardless of demand. During World War II, the brewery stopped supplying wholesalers. Since then they only sell to individual buyers in person at the brewery or the visitor's centre.

Beers 

The brewery currently brews three beers:
 Westvleteren Blonde (green cap), 5.8% ABV, introduced on 10 June 1999.
 Westvleteren 8 (blue cap) (formerly Extra), 8% ABV.
 Westvleteren 12 (yellow cap) (formerly Abt), a 10.2% ABV, introduced in 1940.

Until 1999, the brewery also made a 6.2% ABV dark beer and a lighter 4° which was the monks' table beer. The 8 and 12 are bottle conditioned.  They have a long shelf life. Some drinkers prefer the taste when the beers have been stored for several years. The ingredients are yeast, hops, malt, sugar, caramel and water.

The bottles have been sold without labels since 1945. All of the legally required information is printed on the crown tops. Because of this lack of space, Westvleteren beers are the only Trappist beers that do not have the official Trappist logo  on the bottle. The logo is only printed on the wooden crates.

International reputation 
Many beer drinkers rank Westvleteren 12 among their favourite beers. The 8 and the Blonde also rank highly on beer-rating websites.

Despite the popularity, the monks have continued to decline almost all interview. Non-monastic visitors to the abbey are usually turned away.

References 

1838 establishments in Europe
Beer
Companies of Belgium
West Flanders
19th-century establishments in Belgium
Danielle Andrea Harris (born June 1, 1977) is an American actress.

Harris has been active since 1985. She has worked in movies and television programs. She became famous for her roles in the Halloween movies Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers, Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers, Halloween (2007) and Halloween II (2009), Hachet II, Hatchet III, and in many other horror movies.

In 2010, Danielle Harris was named as 'horror's reigning scream queen' by the NY Daily News. She was on the cover for horror/glamour magazines Girls and Corpses and Gorezone magazine.

In 2011, Harris won the Best Actress award at the Shockfest Film Festival, for her starring role in the short Nice Guys Finish Last.

Personal life

In 2013, Harris became engaged to David Gross. The couple married in a private ceremony in Holualoa, Hawaii on January 4, 2014, and had a son in 2017. Their second son was born in late 2018.

References

Other websites 

American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
1977 births
Living people
American Internet celebrities
Anheuser-Busch InBev N.V. (abbreviated as AB InBev) is a Belgian-Brazilian multinational beverages company headquartered in Leuven, Belgium. It is the world's largest brewer.  

AB InBev has 14 brands. They make over 1 billion USD per year.  International brands include Beck's, Corona, Budweiser, Stella Artois, and Brahma. Multi-country brands are Alexander Keith's, Leffe and Hoegaarden. Regional brands are Bud Light, Skol, Quilmes, Labatt Blue, Michelob, Harbin, Sedrin, Cass, Klinskoye, Sibirskaya Korona, Chernigivske and Jupiler.

The company has around 116,000 people in over 30 countries. 45% of the company's sales come from North America.  The company now reports its financial results in US Dollars.

AB InBev has a primary listing on the Euronext Brussels stock exchange and is part of the BEL20 index. It has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange.

References

2004 establishments
Beer
Economy of Brazil
Companies of Belgium
Flemish Brabant
The 2000 UEFA European Football Championship, or Euro 2000, was the 11th UEFA European Football Championship.  The championship is held every four years and organized by UEFA.  UEFA is association football's governing body in Europe.

The finals of Euro 2000 were co-hosted (the first time this happened) by Belgium and the Netherlands, between 10 June and 2 July 2000. Spain and Austria also bid to host the event. The final tournament had 16 nations. Except for Belgium and the Netherlands, the finalists had to go through a qualifying round to reach the final stage. France won the tournament.  They defeated Italy 2–1 in the final, by a golden goal.

The finals were in the King Baudouin Stadium.

Qualified teams
The following 16 teams were in the tournament:

1 Bold indicates champion for that year
2 Italic indicates host for that year
3 as Czechoslovakia
4 as West Germany
5 Did not qualify but replaced Yugoslavia, who were under sanctions by the UN Security Council Resolution 757 and banned from appearing. Denmark were group 4 runners-up.

Final rankings 

Rankings are based on performance, not team skill. Also, these rankings are unofficial and are not based on head-to-head record.

Goalscorers

5 goals
 Patrick Kluivert
 Savo Milošević

4 goals

 Nuno Gomes

3 goals

 Thierry Henry
 Sérgio Conceição
 Zlatko Zahovič

2 goals

 Vladimír Šmicer
 Alan Shearer
 Youri Djorkaeff
 David Trézéguet
 Sylvain Wiltord

 Zinedine Zidane
 Filippo Inzaghi
 Francesco Totti
 Frank de Boer
 Marc Overmars

 Boudewijn Zenden
 Gaizka Mendieta
 Alfonso Pérez
 Hakan Şükür

1 goal

 Bart Goor
 Émile Mpenza
 Karel Poborský
 Steve McManaman
 Michael Owen
 Paul Scholes
 Laurent Blanc
 Christophe Dugarry
 Mehmet Scholl
 Antonio Conte
 Alessandro Del Piero
 Marco Delvecchio

 Luigi Di Biagio
 Stefano Fiore
 Ronald de Boer
 Steffen Iversen
 Costinha
 Luís Figo
 João Pinto
 Cristian Chivu
 Ionel Ganea
 Viorel Moldovan
 Dorinel Munteanu

 Miran Pavlin
 Joseba Etxeberria
 Pedro Munitis
 Raúl
 Henrik Larsson
 Johan Mjällby
 Okan Buruk
 Ljubinko Drulović
 Dejan Govedarica
 Slobodan Komljenović

Own goal
 Dejan Govedarica (playing against the Netherlands)

Awards
UEFA Team of the Tournament

Golden Boot
 Patrick Kluivert
 Savo Milošević(5 goals)

UEFA Player of the Tournament
 Zinedine Zidane

Mascot
The mascot for the tournament was Benelucky.  The name is a pun on Benelux.  He is a lion-devil with hair colour a combination of the flag colours of both host nations. The lion is the national football emblem of the Netherlands and a devil is for Belgium, the team being nicknamed "the Red Devils".

References

2000 in association football
Football in Belgium
Football in the Netherlands
UEFA
2000s in the Netherlands
21st century in Belgium
2000 in Europe
The 1972 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in Belgium. This was the fourth European Football Championship.  The championship is held every four years and endorsed by UEFA. The final tournament took place between 14 and 18 June 1972.

At the time, only four countries could play the final tournament.  So there were only the semi-finals, the final and the third place match.

The hosts were only announced after the qualifying round.  This meant that they had to qualify for the final stage.

Top scorers
There were 10 goals scored in 4 matches.

4 goals
 Gerd Müller
1 goal
 Herbert Wimmer
 Anatoli Konkov
 Raoul Lambert
 Odilon Polleunis
 Paul Van Himst
 Lajos Kű

Venues

References

Other websites

 EURO 1972 Official History

1972 in sports
Football in Belgium
UEFA European Championship tournaments
1972 in Europe
20th century in Belgium
Jacques Bernard "Jacky" Ickx (last name pronounced "Ix" or "Icks") (born 1 January 1945 in Brussels) is a Belgian former racing driver.  He had 25 podium finishes in Formula One and six wins in the 24 hours of Le Mans.

Racing record

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

1945 births
Living people
Formula One drivers
Sportspeople from Brussels
Memorial van Damme is a yearly athletics event at the King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels, Belgium.  It takes place in late August or early September. Before it was one of the IAAF Golden League events.  Now it is now part of the IAAF Diamond League.

It was first put together in 1977 by a group of journalists in honour of Ivo van Damme.  Damme was a Belgian double medal winner at the Montreal Olympics who was killed in a car accident at the age of 22.  A former footballer, he turned to athletics and in particular the 1500 m and 3000 m. Later on, he ran in the 800 m. In 1976, he took part in the Montreal Olympic Games, where he won silver medals in both the 800 m and 1500 m.

World records

2009 
 4 x 1500 m relay men 14:36.23 Kenya (William Biwott Tanui, Gideon Gathimba, Geoffrey Kipkoech Rono, Augustine Kiprono Choge)

2006 
 4 x 800 m relay men 7:02.43 Kenya (Joseph Mutua, William Yiampoy, Ismael Kombich, Wilfred Bungei)

2005 
 10,000 m 26:17.53 Kenenisa Bekele, Ethiopia

2004 
 10,000 m men Junior 27:04.00 Boniface Kiprop Toroitich, Uganda
 3,000 m steeplechase men 7:53.63 Saif Saaeed Shaheen, Qatar 
 Pole vault women 4.92 m Yelena Isinbayeva, Russia

2001 
 3,000 m men Junior 7:30.67 Kenenisa Bekele, Ethiopia
 3,000 m steeple men 7:55.28 Brahim Boulami, Morocco

1997 
 5,000 m men 12:39.74 Daniel Komen, Kenya
 10,000 m men 26:27.85 Paul Tergat, Kenya

1996 
 10,000 m men 26:38.08 Salah Hissou, Morocco
 1,000 m women 2:28.98 Svetlana Masterkova, Russia

1995 
 5,000 m men Junior 13:07.38 Daniel Komen, Kenya
 1,000 m women 2:29.34 Maria de Lurdes Mutola, Mozambique

1981 
 1 mile men 3.47.33 Sebastian Coe, United Kingdom

Meeting Records

Men

Women

+ = en route to a longer distance

References

Other websites

 Diamond League – Brussels Official Web Site

Sport in Belgium
Brussels
1977 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Belgium
Afghanistan has about 26 million people. 5.7 million live in urban areas.  The rest live in rural areas or countryside. The following are fourteen cities of Afghanistan in order of population. The estimates are from 2006.

Kabul - 1,925,548 
Kandahar - 468,200 
Herat - 397,456 
Mazar-i-Sharif - 375,181 
Kunduz - 230,600 
Jalalabad - 205,423 
Lashkar Gah - 201,546 
Taluqan - 194,471 
Puli Khumri - 191,640 
Khost - 160,214 
Ghazni - 154,618 
Sheberghan - 148,329 
Sari Pul - 115,463 
Farah - 109,409

Ancient names
Ancient names of places or cities in Afghanistan:

Gallery

References 

Afghanistan
Afghanistan
This is a list of cities, towns and villages in Andorra.

List

1. Les Escaldes and Engordany are former villages and nowadays the parish of Escaldes-Engordany is only one city.

Largest towns

As of 2011-12-31, Source: CityPopulation

References 

Lists of cities in Europe
Andorra
Lists of cities by country
All Saints
 Bolans
 Carlisle
 Clare Hall
 Cedar Grove
 Codrington
 Dickenson Bay
 English Harbour
 Falmouth
 Freetown
 Jennings
 Liberta
 Old Road
 Parham
 Pigotts
 Potter's Village
 Seaview Farm
 St. John's
 Swetes
 Willikies

10 largest cities and population
 Saint John's 22,634  
 All Saints 3,412 
 Liberta 2,239 
 Potter's Village 2,067 
 Bolans 1,785
 Swetes 1,573 
 Seaview Farm 1,486 
 Pigotts 1,363 
 Parham 1,276
 Clare Hall 1,273

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda
The greater roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus) is one of two species of the roadrunner. The lesser roadrunner is the other species. The greater roadrunner is also called the "ground cuckoo" and the "snake killer".

Description
The greater roadrunner is about 52–62 cm (20–24 in) long, the wingspan is about 43-61 cm (17-24 in) long, and weighs about 221-538 grams. It is about 25-30 cm tall, and is the largest North American cuckoo. It has a long, thick bill, a long dark tail, it has a dark head, and the front of its neck and belly is blue. It has zygodactyl feet, meaning that on each foot there is two toes on the front and two on the back.

Where it lives
It lives in the deserts of states in southwestern United States of America, like  California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Oklahoma, and rarely in Kansas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Missouri. In is also found in the states of northern Mexico, like Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Querétaro, México, Puebla, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosí.

Behavior
The greater roadrunner makes its nests of sticks in a cactus or on a bush, and lays 3-6 eggs which take about 20 days to hatch. It eats mainly fruit, seeds and insects, but also eats some reptiles like snakes and lizards, small mammals, spiders, scorpions, centipedes, millipedes, small birds and bird eggs. The greater roadrunner kills its prey by hitting the prey's neck with its beak or by holding its prey in its beak and hitting the prey on a rock.

Beliefs
Some indian tribes, like the Hopi, believed that the roadrunner protected people from evil spirits. In Mexico some people say that the roadrunner brings babies, while some people in Europe say that the white stork does this.

References

Birds of North America
The timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) is a species of venomous Pit vipers. It lives in eastern United States of America. There are no subspecies currently recognized. It is the 2nd largest venomous snake found in the eastern United States.

Description

Adults usually grow up to the length of 91–152 cm (35.8-59.8 in). The longest to be reported was 189.2 cm (74.5 in) long. The large timber rattlesnakes weigh about 4.5 kg (9.9 Ib), but most weigh about 580-900 g (20-32 oz). Their scales are usually yellowish-brown or gray with dark brown or black stripes.

Where they live
They are found in woodlands and forests of eastern United States of America, from southern Minnesota and southern New Hampshire, south to east Texas and north Florida. During the summer pregnant females prefer open, rocky ledges, where the temperature is higher, while males and non-pregnant females spend more time in cooler woodlands with a closed forest canopy. Females usually bask in the sun before having babies in open rocky areas, known as "basking knolls". In the winter Timber Rattlesnakes hibernate in dens and caves.

Feeding
They mainly eat small mammals but they also eat birds, frogs, and other snakes like rattlesnakes. The most common snake they eat is the garter snake.

Venom 
The timber rattlesnake is one of North America's most dangerous snakes. Before biting, they usually warn people by shaking their rattle at the end of their tail.

Its venom contains a neurotoxin known as canebrake toxin, and is a phospholipase A2. It also contains a small basic peptide that works as a myotoxin, a fibrinogen-clotting enzyme that can produce defibrination syndrome, and a bradykinin-releasing enzyme.

CroFab antivenom is used to treat envenomations from the timber rattlesnake.

Conservation status 
The timber rattlesnake is classified as least concern on the IUCN Red List.

The timber rattlesnake is endangered in New Jersey, Vermont, Massachusetts, Virginia, New Hampshire, Indiana, and Ohio. It is threatened in New York, Connecticut, Illinois, Minnesota, and Texas.

Timber rattlesnakes are extinct in Maine and Rhode Island. Only one population remains in New Hampshire. They are protected in many of the Appalachian states but their populations are still declining.

Sources

Vipers
The name Norma is a female given name. It was referenced around the year 1203. This name means "Of the North", and for Latin, the word norma means "patterns". The name Norma has gone up and down in popularity during the last 100 years. In the United States, it has gone downward, although the name is still in usage. The name has been used for many celebrities and for many Eastern Pacific tropical cyclones.

Given names
The Sidewinder rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes), also known as the "Horned Rattlesnake", is a species of venomous pit viper. There are three subspecies. It is called a sidewinder because it uses sidewinding to move across sand.

Description
The Sidewinder rattlesnake is a small species of snake, with adults measuring to about  long. The females are larger than the males, which is unusual for most snakes. The color of this snake is usually cream or yellowish-brown, and the belly is white colored.

Where it lives
In the southwestern United States of America it can be found in desert regions of eastern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah and western Arizona. In northwestern Mexico, it can be found in western Sonora and eastern Baja California.

Behavior
The Sidewinder is nocturnal in hot months and diurnal in cooler months. The Sidewinder uses its tail to attract lizards which it eats, but when it becomes an adult it stops eating lizards and starts eating desert rodents.

Reproduction
A female Sidewinder Rattlesnake gives birth to around 5 to 18 young at a time. For 7–10 days the young stay with their mother in a burrow, they then shed for the first time and then leave the burrow. Sidewinders mature at the age of 2 or 3, then mate in April and May and sometimes in the fall. The female then has its 5-18 babies in the late summer. These babies are born 6-8 inches long. Males live a little bit longer than females, males live to about 13 years old and females about 11 years old.

Subspecies
There are three subspecies:
 Mojave Desert Sidewinder, C. c. cerastes
 Sonoran Desert Sidewinder, C. c. cercobombus
 Colorado Desert Sidewinder, C. c. laterorepens

References 

Vipers
Eega () is a 2012 Telugu movie directed by S.S. Rajamouli. It stars Nani, Samantha and Kannada actor Sudeep. The movie was released on 6 July 2012. It received positive reviews and set records.

In Tamil it was released as Naan Ee, which means I, the Fly in English. It was released in Malayalam as Eecha, which also means The Fly in English. It was also released in Hindi as Makkhi, which means Fly in English. However, in the Hindi dub, Nani's name was changed to Jani while everybody else's names stayed the same.

Plot
Nani has loved Bindu for two years. Sudeep kills Nani for Bindu so he and her can be together. Then Nani is reborn as a fly and kills Sudeep with the help of Bindu.

History
The movie was planned by director S.S. Rajamouli 14 years back when his father gave the idea. Due to some technical reasons, the movie didn't start its shooting until 29 July 2010. That was after the director released his 8th movie Maryada Rammana.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 

2012 movies
Movies about animals
Telugu-language movies
Tamil-language movies
Indian movies
Multilingual movies
Movies about revenge
Movies directed by S. S. Rajamouli
is a Japanese professional athlete.  She is best known as a female mixed martial artist.

Rin is currently the #10-ranked Women’s Bantamweight (129-139.9 lbs) fighter in the world as of 5/25/2014 by http://www.fightmatrix.com.

Career
Nakai has participated in MMA promotions Pancrase, Smackgirl and Valkyrie.  She is 1.55 m (5 ft 1 in) and 56.7 kg (125 lb).

Nakai started fighting on October 1, 2006.  She defeated Asuka Ito by TKO (technical knockout), after breaking Ito's nose at Pancrase 2006 Blow Tour.

On September 29 2016 Nakai competed at Rizin 3 - Rizin Fighting World Grand Prix 2016: 2nd Round. She defeated decorated wrestler Kanako Murata via 3rd round submission (Rear Naked Choke) to improve her record to 19-2.

References

Other websites
Profile  at Fightergirls.com
Profile at Pancrase 
 
Official blog 
Official blog (old) 
Professional MMA record for Rin Nakai at Sherdog

Mixed martial artists
1986 births
Living people
Japanese martial artists
People from Ehime Prefecture
Gareth Paul Gates (born 12 July 1984) is a British pop singer-songwriter and musical theatre actor. He was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire. In 2002 was runner-up in the first series of Pop Idol. He released nine singles between 2002 and 2007, four of which were UK number ones. His first album What My Heart Wants to Say was released in 2002; it was number two in the UK charts. He released another album, Go Your Own Way, in 2003 and another, Pictures of the Other Side in 2007. 

Gates is known for having a stutter. 

In 2008, Gates was a contestant in the third series of Dancing on Ice. 

In 2009 Gates started work as a musical feature actor, playing the title role in the West End production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat at the Adelphi Theatre.

References

Other websites 

Official website

1984 births
Living people
Actors from Bradford
Dancing on Ice participants
English pop singers
English singer-songwriters
English stage actors
Musicians from Bradford
Reality television participants
Sabine Lisicki (; born 22 September 1989 in Troisdorf) is a German professional tennis player. Lisicki won her first WTA title match in more than three seasons in Hong Kong in September 2014. She reached her high rank of world no. 12 on 21 May 2012 in singles.

References

1989 births
Living people
German female tennis players
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
There are 69 urban settlements in Azerbaijan with the official status of a city (). They are:

 Agdam
 Agdash
 Agjabadi
 Agstafa
 Agsu
 Astara
 Babek
 Baku (capital)
 Balakən
 Barda
 Beylagan
 Bilasuvar
 Dashkasan
 Davachi
 Füzuli
 Gədəbəy
 Ganja
 Goranboy
 Goychay
 Goygol, formerly Khanlar (Xanlar)
 Hajigabul
 Imishli
 Ismailli
 Jabrayil 
 Julfa
 Kalbajar
 Khachmaz
 Khojavend
 Khyrdalan
 Kurdamir 
 Lankaran

 Lerik
 Masally
 Mingacevir
 Nakhichevan
 Naftalan
 Neftchala
 Oguz
 Ordubad
 Qabala
 Qakh
 Qazakh
 Quba
 Qubadli 
 Qusar
 Saatly
 Sabirabad
 Shakhbuz
 Shaki
 Shamakhy
 Shamkir
 Sharur
 Shirvan
 Siazan
 Sumqayit
 Tərtər
 Tovuz
 Ujar
 Yardimly
 Yevlakh
 Zaqatala
 Zardab

Most populous Azerbaijani cities 
List of ten cities, including the capital Baku (2,122,300), with the largest populations, according to the 2012 census.

References

Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan-related lists
Azerbaijan