cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A democratic republicanism is the idea which combines both republicanism and democracy. This means that a country where the people can take part in the decisions that affect the way their community is run and one with no monarch. This could be presidential, semi-presidential or parliamentary. Many countries considered themselves democratic republics. It means that citizens get to vote for the president. Democracy is the idea of free and fair elections. For example, the German Democratic Republic is a democratic socialist republic.

Definition 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria 
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal 
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 
Somali Democratic Republic 
Democratic Republic of Vietnam 
People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen 
Democratic Republic of Georgia 
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic 
Lao People's Democratic Republic 
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 
German Democratic Republic 
Democratic Kampuchea 
Democratic People's Republic of Korea 
People’s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste 
Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe 

Forms of government
Democracy
Mob rule is sometimes called ochlocracy or mobocracy. There is sometimes no legal government, and mobs of people decide whatever they want. It is government by a mob (crowd of people). In this system, the mob becomes the ruler or dominant force in society. Actually, it is rare for a whole country to be under mob rule. More frequent is for part of the country to overthrow its leaders and be for a time without a government. Parts of a country may try to secede (break off) from the country. That has been quite common in certain parts of the world.

Mobs do have leaders, who make speeches complaining about what is wrong, and what they want instead of the legal government. Sometimes mods succeed in taking over the whole country (Russian revolution), sometimes they fail because the government succeeds in using force to stop them. The British decision to ban the trade of slaves (William Wilberforce) was fiercely resisted by the people who made money out of the trade. Slave trade mobs attacked the homes of people known to support abolition.

Related pages
 Populism

Forms of government
Political systems
The Mark Of Athena is the third book of the Heroes of Olympus series by Rick Riordan. In this book, the perspective of the story moves between Percy Jackson, Annabeth Chase, Leo Valdez, Jason Grace, and Piper McLean. All of the seven demigods appear in this book.

In the beginning, the Argo II is approaching Rome (Camp Jupiter) when suddenly, a statue pops into existence on the ship and almost knocks Annabeth overboard. The statue is Terminus, the Roman god of boundaries. He yells that he will not accept having weapons over the Pomerian Line (the camp boundary). After being irritated by a curious Leo and a charmspeaking Piper, Terminus tells them to "surrender, then leave". Annabeth sees Percy walking down in Camp Jupiter with Hazel and Frank as if they were best friends, and knew she was too close to give up. (She also notices that Percy is a praetor now and signs that New Rome had recently been attacked by an army of monsters.) She asks if it was against the rules to hover OVER New Rome, as technically it wouldn't be on Roman soil. Terminus agrees grudgingly to this, but tells them to not harm his city. 

Rick Riordan
Percy Jackson and the Olympians
Fantasy books
Sarah Kane (3 February 1971 – 20 February 1999) was an English playwright. Her writings dealt with the themes of desire, pain, love, torture and death. Her five plays are Blasted (1995), Phaedra's Love (1996), Cleansed (1998), Crave (1998) and 4.48 Psychosis (2000). In 1995, she wrote the screenplay for the short movie Skin. She also wrote two newspaper articles for The Guardian.

Kane was born in Brentwood, Essex. She was raised by evangelical parents. A Christian in her early life, Kane later became an atheist. She was a lesbian.

Kane was depressed for years during her life. On 20 February 1999, she killed herself at King's College Hospital in Camberwell, London, by hanging herself with her shoelaces. She was 28. She had earlier been taken to the same hospital after overdosing on prescription drugs on 17 February.

References

Other websites
 

1971 births
1999 deaths
English atheists
English LGBT people
English novelists
English playwrights
English screenwriters
Lesbians
People from Brentwood, Essex
Suicides by hanging in the United Kingdom
Writers from Essex
Writers who committed suicide
Belshazzar is a king of Babylonia in the Book of Daniel. He is the son of Nebuchadnezzar and is killed by Darius the Mede.
His banquet is the subject of a painting by Rembrandt.

Other websites
Belshazzar's Feast

Old Testament people
Kings and queens
Law & Order: Trial by Jury was an American television show. It was a spin-off of the police drama Law & Order. It is the third spin-off of Law & Order, after Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and Law & Order: Criminal Intent. It aired on NBC from March 3, 2005 to January 21, 2006.

The show focused mostly on the criminal trial of the accused. It showed the prosecution's and defense's preparation for the trial, as well as the trial itself. Things such as jury selection and deliberations in the jury room that were rarely shown on Law & Order were the focus of this show.

Other websites

Law & Order: Trial by Jury at the Internet Movie Database

American drama television series
American crime television series
2005 television series debuts
NBC network shows
Television series set in New York City
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
Law & Order: LA was an American television police drama. It was a spin-off of Law & Order, being the fourth spin-off. It ran on NBC from October 18, 2010 to July 11, 2011. It is the only American Law & Order show to be set outside of New York City, being set in Los Angeles.

Law & Order: LA followed the same format as Law & Order. The first half of the show showed the crime, the police looking for the suspect, and the suspect being arrested (the "Law" part). The second part of the show showed the trial and whether or not the suspect did the crime (the "Order" part). The show was adapted to fit the Los Angeles criminal justice system.

Other websites

Law & Order: LA at the Internet Movie Database

2010 American television series debuts
2011 American television series endings
2010s American television series
American crime television series
American drama television series
NBC network shows
Television series set in Los Angeles
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
Naomi is an English name meaning "enjoyment, pleasure" in Hebrew and Arabic. Noemie is a version used in French-speaking countries. It is also a Japanese name,  meaning various things depending on the kanji used.

People with the name include:

 Naomi (in the Book of Ruth in the Bible)
 Noemi (trance music), Dutch singer
 Naomi Klein, Canadian journalist, author and activist
 Naomi Mitchison, Scottish novelist and poet
 Naomi Novik, American novelist
 Naomi Wolf, bestselling American writer
 Naomi Campbell, well-known British fashion model
 Naomi Chazan, Israeli politician
 Naomi Shindou, Japanese seiyuu
 Naomi Nagasawa, Japanese seiyuu, now known as Nao Nagasawa
 Naomi Uemura, first person to reach the North Pole solo
 Naomi Watts, English-born Australian actress and producer
 Naomi Russell, Australian gymnast
 Naomi Judd, American country music singer and songwriter
 Naomi Shemer, Israeli songwriter
 Naomi Phoenix, UK pop/rock singer and songwriter. Released music branded "Naomi".

In music:
 Noemí Carrión (Naymi), a Spanish singer and actress	

In fiction:

 Naomi Hunter, character in Metal Gear Solid
 Naomi Wildman, fictional character in Star Trek 
 Naomi Dorrit, a character from the TV series Lost
Naomi, a minor character from the tokusatsu series Kamen Rider Den-O.

Given names
Peripheral neuropathy happens when the nerves of the peripheral nervous system suffer damage due to disease, trauma to the nerves or through side effects of a certain illness. The four patterns of this condition are polyneuropathy, mononeuropathy, nononeuritis mp and autonomic nerve damage. The most common of these is polyneuropathy which affects the feet and legs. The actual forms may be broken down by causes. Losses of muscle bulk and muscle twitches may be seen. Damage to the sensory nerves may lead to numbness, strong tingling or burning pain that is described as electric-like, freezing and burning. Autonomic nerve damage leads to issues, such as hypertension, sexual troubles, bladder dysfunction and abnormal heart rate. Neuropathy can happen with or without the presence of diabetes mellitus.

Health problems
Nervous system
Nissan (In Japanese: 日産自動車株式会社; Nissan Jidōsha Kabushikigaisha) is a company from Japan that makes vehicles, including automobiles, trucks, and buses. In the United States it was previously called Datsun.

Nissan makes cars under its own name, while its luxury cars have the brand Infiniti. In 1999, it made a partnership with Renault of France, and was joined by Mitsubishi Motors in 2016.

Vehicles 

A partial list:
 Nissan 240SX
 Nissan 300ZX
 Nissan Altima
 Nissan Bluebird
 Nissan Cube
 Nissan Juke
 Nissan Leaf
 Nissan Maxima
 Nissan Micra
 Nissan Note
 Nissan Pathfinder
 Nissan Primera
 Nissan Pulsar
 Nissan Qashqai
 Nissan Quest
 Nissan Rogue
 Nissan Sentra
 Nissan Skyline
 Nissan Stanza
 Nissan Terrano II
 Nissan Versa
 Nissan X-trail
 Nissan Xterra
 Nissan Z

References

Other websites 
Nissan USA
Nissan Global

 
1933 establishments
1930s establishments in Japan
Tesla usually refers to Nikola Tesla (1856–1943), physicist, electrical engineer, and inventor.

Tesla may also refer to:

 Tesla (unit), a unit for measuring magnetic fields
 Tesla, Inc., a company that builds electric cars
 Tesla coil, a type of electrical circuit that produces high-voltage, alternating current electricity
Richard Anthony "Dick" Wolf (born December 20, 1946) is an American producer. He is best known for creating the Law & Order television series as well as its American spin-offs. He has a star on the Holywood Walk of Fame, and he has won an Emmy Award.

References

1946 births
Living people
American television producers
Emmy Award winners
People from New York City
Arthur Gardner (Arthur Goldberg; June 7, 1910 – December 19, 2014) was an retired-American actor and movie producer.

Gardner was born in Marinette, Wisconsin. One of his first roles was as a student in 1930's All Quiet on the Western Front. He was the only surviving member of either the cast or crew.

He helped form the Levy-Gardner-Laven production company in 1951. Gardner's producing credits include the television series The Rifleman (1958-1963) and The Big Valley (1965-1969). His movie credits include 1974's McQ and 1975's Brannigan, both starring John Wayne.

Gardner lived in Beverly Hills, California since the 1960s. His son was actor, Steve Gardner. Gardner died in Beverly Hills from natural causes, aged 104.

References

Other websites
Arthur Gardner at Internet Movie Database 

1910 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American centenarians
American silent movie actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
American movie producers
Actors from Wisconsin
Louise Currie (born Louise Gunter; April 7, 1913 – September 8, 2013) was an American movie actress. She was active from 1940 until her retirement in 1997. 

Currie was born on April 7, 1913 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. She studied at Martha Washington Seminary and at Sarah Lawrence College. Currie was married to John Whitney until they divorced. Then she was married to John Good from 1948 until his death in 1996. Then she was married to Grover Asmus from 2002 until his death in 2003.

References

Other websites

1913 births
2013 deaths
American centenarians
American silent movie actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
Actors from Oklahoma City
People from Beverly Hills, California
Officer Creek is a watercourse in the north-west of South Australia, on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. It is normally mostly dry except for periods of very high rainfall. It runs from the Musgrave Ranges southward into the Great Victoria Desert. The only major community on Officer Creek is Kaltjiti.

The land around Officer Creek is part of the traditional homeland of the Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara. In September 1873, the explorer Ernest Giles and his team came to the creek during his second trip into the centre of Australia. At Kaltjiti, they encountered a large group of Aboriginal men. The Europeans fired shots from their rifles, allegedly because the Aboriginal people were throwing spears at them. Giles' group escaped unharmed, but did not report whether any of the Aboriginal men were hurt. He later acknowledged that aggression from the locals toward White people was usually due to them trespassing on sacred land. Giles may have interrupted an initiation or another kind of ceremony. Giles named the river "The Officer", and it was known by this name until the 1930s when it was renamed Officer Creek.

Other websites
Officer Creek on Bonzle, Digital Atlas of Australia

Rivers of South Australia
Lake Neale is a salt lake in the southwest corner of the Northern Territory, in Australia. It is on the north-west side of Lake Amadeus. The two lakes form part of a chain of salt lakes that stretches about , from Lake Hopkins in the west to the Finke River in the east. This drainage basin is known as the Amadeus Basin. The lake is usually a dry salt plain. It holds water for short periods after heavy rainfall. Lake Neale is on Aboriginal land, in the Petermann Aboriginal Land Trust. The Haasts Bluff lands are nearby to the north.

Lake Neale was named after Frank Neale, one of the pilots of an aerial expedition to accurately survey the desert regions northwest of Alice Springs in 1930. Neale flew one of the two planes that had been hired by explorer Donald Mackay for the expedition. The team made 15 survey flights over 24 days, in which they mapped the dimensions of Lakes Amadeus and Neale and found the even larger Lake Mackay, further to the north.

The first European to see Lake Neale was the explorer Ernest Giles in 1872. He had seen Kata Tjuta from far away and was making his way there. Lake Amadeus blocked his path. He also saw Lake Neale when he tried to reach Mount Unapproachable, on the northern side of the lake. He was coming from the east, and did not notice a land bridge between Neale and Amadeus. He mistook them as one big lake. William Tietkens corrected this mistake in an expedition of his own seventeen years later.

References

Lakes of the Northern Territory
The migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) is the most widespread locust species, and the only species in the genus Locusta. It occurs throughout Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. It used to be common in Europe but has now become rare there.

Because of the vast geographic area it occupies, which comprises many different ecological zones, numerous subspecies have been described. However, not all experts agree on the validity of some of these subspecies.

Many other  species of Orthoptera  with gregarious and migratory behavior are indicated with the name of 'locusts'.

Polyphenism
The migratory locust is polyphenic. It has a solitary phase and a gregarious phase. This is a type of polymorphism where a single genotype produces two or more phenotypes. During development, an environmental factor causes a switch from one morph to another.

For the migratory locust, the switch is caused by population density. As the density of the population increases the locust transforms from the solitary phase to the gregarious phase, with intermediate phases.

The colour and size of the migratory locust changes according to its phase and its age. Gregarious larvae have a yellow to orange covering with black spots. Solitary larvae are green or brown. The gregarious adult is brownish with yellow, the latter colour becoming more intense and extensive on maturation. The solitary adult is brown with varying extent of green colour depending on the colour of the vegetation. Gregarious adults vary in size between 40 and 60 mm according to the sex. They are smaller than the solitary adults.

Steedman, Alison (ed) 1988. Locust Handbook. 2nd ed, London: Overseas Development Natural Resources Institute. 

Orthoptera
Mary Antoinette Hoole (stage name Toni Basil; September 22, 1943) is an American singer-songwriter, dancer and actress. She is best known by the 1982 hit single Mickey. In addition, she has performed in many movies. Basil was born in Philadelphia.

References

Singers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American singer-songwriters
American movie actors
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Choreographers
American dancers

1943 births
Living people
Polyphenism is a kind of polymorphism where different forms of an animal are caused a single genotype. The animal inherits the capability, but the environment determines which form develops. This contrasts with genetic polymorphism, where each morph (form) inherits a slightly different genome.

Polyphenism occurs when the animal inherits a developmental switch. The switch is sensitive to some environmental cue or trigger. For example, the sex of crocodiles is determined by the prevailing temperature. Their gender is a polyphenic trait, and is not determined by the usual sex linkage.

Other examples

The caste system in insects 
The caste system of social insects is the division of labor between genetically identical individuals. Polyphenism determines whether larvae develop into queens, workers, and in some cases soldiers. In the case of the ant, P. morrisi, an embryo must develop under certain temperature and photoperiod conditions in order to become a reproductively-active queen. This allows for control of the mating season, but like sex determination, limits the spread of the species into certain climates.
In bees, "royal jelly" provided by worker bees causes a larva to become a queen. Royal jelly is only produced when the queen is aging or has died.

Seasonal changes 
Polyphenic pigmentation is adaptive for species which reproduce several times a year. Different pigment patterns provide camouflage throughout the seasons, and alter heat retention as temperatures change. Because insects cease growth and development after they are adults, their pigment pattern is set in adulthood. In the case of the peppered moth, Biston betularia, the caterpillars are polyphenic. Their trigger is switched by the colour of the plants they are eating: see this.

References 

Developmental biology
Genetics
Sarah Kofman (September 14, 1934 - October 15, 1994) was a French philosopher and writer. She wrote many books about many topics. She committed suicide at age 60.

French philosophers
French writers
1934 births
1994 deaths
The Antonov An-26 is soviet built twin-engine transport aircraft. It is used by both airlines and air forces. It is a short takeoff and landing aircraft.

It is built under licence in China like Y-7H. An-26 is a modernized variant of An-24.

Bibliography

Similar aircraft 
 Airtech CN-235

References 

Civil aircraft
Military aircraft
Soviet & Russian aircraft
Mount Unapproachable is a mountain in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It is on the northern side of Lake Neale. It is about  above sea level. The area is far apart from other towns. The nearest towns are Kaltukatjara (116 km away), Kintore (135 km away) and Yulara (138 km away). The mountain is mostly made of sandstone.

The mountain was named by explorer Ernest Giles in 1872. Giles was on an expedition to find a way across the desert from east to west. He had just found and named Lake Amadeus. He could see the mountain rising to the west, and hoped to find water there. But, he was unable to get to the mountain because his path was blocked by the lake. Giles in fact over-estimated the size of Lake Amadeus and missed the bridge of land between Amadeus and Lake Neale.

In 1889, Giles' second-in-command, W. H. Tietkins, came back on his own expedition and surveyed the area. He wrote that he travelled to the Bloods Range, to the south of Lakes Amadeus and Neale. He named the highest peaks Mount Harris and Mount Carruthers. From the top of Mount Harris, he could see Kata Tjuṯa, the Petermann Ranges and the Tomkinson Ranges. Tietkins then travelled to the east for three days, and came to Lake Amadeus. At the western end of the lake and on the north shore, he described a sandstone range, which he named Long's Range after his brother-in-law. He climbed a nearby set of hills, and identified Mount Unapproachable as the westernmost peak of the Long's Range. He reported that his team reached Unapproachable around the middle of June and then spent several days travelling around the western edge of Lake Amadeus. He corrected Giles' earlier mistake and successfully mapped the lake's western shore.

Another team of surveyors visited the area in 1926, led by Donald Mackay and Herbet Basedow. On 1 July, they climbed a hill that Basedow identified as both Mount Unapproachable and Mount Harris. He found them to be the same mountain after comparing his own observations with those of Giles and Tietkens. Basedow decided that this hill was the Mount Unapproachable that Giles had described, and that Tietkens had mistakenly renamed it Mount Harris. But, on modern maps, Mount Harris and Mount Carruthers are the names given to two peaks in the Bloods Range.

References

Mountains of the Northern Territory
Andrea Anders (May 10, 1975) is an American actress. She usually acts in television sitcoms. She was born in Madison, Wisconsin.

References

American television actors
Actors from Wisconsin
1975 births
Living people
People from Madison, Wisconsin
Lyutvi Ahmed Mestan (), or shortly Lyutvi Mestan (born 24 December 1960), is a Bulgarian politician. He is of Turkish-Bulgarian origin. He was the 2nd chairman of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms. He has been the Member of Parliament for Kardzhali.

References

Other websites 
 Bulgarian Parliament 

1960 births
Living people
Bulgarian politicians
Kotli () is the largest town of the Kotli District in Azad Kashmir.

Tehsils of Azad Kashmir
Shlomo Yanai (born May 18, 1952 in Holon) is a retired Israeli military officer and businessman. He held the rank of Major General. He was the CEO of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries (TEVA) from 1 March 2007 to May 2012. He was offered the directorship of Mossad by Benjamin Netanyahu but turned it down. 

Shlomo Yanai was born in Holon in 1952, and was raised in Tel Aviv.

References

1952 births
Living people
Chief executives
Israeli generals
Israeli Jews
Jewish military people
The Van Wagenen House is a house in Jersey City, New Jersey. It is also known as the Apple Tree House. It has been part of the National Register of Historic Places since August 16, 2006.

History
The main part of the house was built in the 1740s, and an addition was made to it in the 1820s. A legend states that during the American Revolutionary War, General George Washington and the Marquis de Lafayette talked about war strategy under an apple tree in front of the house in 1779.  However, this is probably not true. There used to be an apple orchard and a cider press at the house, which is why it is also called the Apple Tree House.

The house was called one of the most endangered (which means it is at a very high risk of being ruined) historic sites by Preservation New Jersey in 1996. The building really needed to be improved (made better). In 1999 the City of Jersey City bought the house and started to make it better. The city plans to use the house as a museum.

References

National Register of Historic Places
Jersey City, New Jersey
Houses in the United States
Buildings and structures in New Jersey
Beverly Archer (born July 19, 1948) is an American actress. She acts mostly on television. She played Iola in Mama's Family. She also appeared on a lot of other television shows. Archer retired from acting in 2000. She was born in Oak Park, Illinois.

References

People from Oak Park, Illinois
American television actors
Actors from Illinois
1948 births
Living people
Candice Rene King (née Accola) is an American actress, singer and songwriter. She appears mostly on television. She acted as Caroline in The Vampire Diaries. 

Accola is a supporter of the It Gets Better Project, which aims to prevent suicide among LGBT youth.

Awards

References

1987 births
Living people
Actors from Houston, Texas
American television actors
Brachylophosaurus was a mid-sized herbivorous dinosaur, a member of the hadrosaur family. It is known from several skeletons and bonebed material from the Judith River Formation of Montana (U.S.) and the Oldman Formation of Alberta province in Canada. They lived about 76.5 million years ago.

Description
This animal had a bony crest, a flat, paddle-like plate over the top of the skull.  Some individuals had crests that covered nearly the entire skull roof, while others had shorter, narrower crests.  Other notable features are the unusually long forelimbs and the beak of the upper jaw being wider than other contemporary hadrosaurs.

Teeth 
Otherwise, Brachylophosaurus was a typical hadrosaur. It reached an adult length of 9 meters (30 ft). Like other hadrosaurs, Brachylophosaurus had cheeks to keep food in the mouth while it chewed with its hundreds of close-fitting teeth. These teeth could be used to chew efficiently, a feature rare among reptiles, but common among ornithischia like Brachylophosaurus.

Tumours 
In 2003, evidence of tumors, including metastatic cancer, was discovered in fossilized Brachylophosaurus skeletons. Rothschild and co-workers tested dinosaur vertebrae for tumors using computerized tomography and fluoroscope screening. Several other hadrosaurs, including Edmontosaurus, Gilmoreosaurus, and Bactrosaurus, also tested positive. Although more than 10,000 fossils were examined in this manner, the tumors were limited to Brachylophosaurus and closely related genera. The reason for this is not known.

Complete dinosaur fossils 
In 1994, amateur paleontologist Nate Murphy discovered an immaculate, complete and uncrushed brachylophosaur skeleton which he nicknamed "Elvis". More impressive finds lay ahead for Murphy and his team from the Judith River Dinosaur Institute. In 2000, "Leonardo", a fully articulated and partially mummified skeleton of a young adult brachylophosaur, was discovered. It is considered one of the most spectacular dinosaur finds ever, and was included in the Guinness Book of World Records. They subsequently excavated "Roberta", an almost complete slender skeleton, and "Peanut", a partially preserved juvenile with some skin impressions.

References 

Cerapods
Ellen Cicely Wilkinson (8 October 1891 – 6 February 1947) was an English politician. She was a Labour Member of Parliament for Middlesbrough and later Jarrow. Wilkinson was one of the first females in Britain to become a Member of the British Parliament. She was one of the founding members for the Communist Party around 1920. Ellen was born in Ardwick, Manchester. She committed suicide with an overdose of barbiturates. Wilkinson died in St Mary's Hospital, London at age fifty-five.

Drug-related suicides
English politicians
Former Labour Party (UK) MPs
People from Manchester
Politicians from Lancashire
Suicides in the United Kingdom
1891 births
1947 deaths
Leaving Las Vegas is a 1995 American romantic drama movie. It is about a depressed alcoholic screenwriter, Ben Sanderson, who moves to Las Vegas where he meets a prostitute, Sera, whom he moves in with. Elizabeth Shue and Nicolas Cage are part of the cast. The movie was released October 27, 1995 in limited release and nationwide in the United States in 1996. The movie received positive reviews. It was successful in the box office.

Other websites 

1995 movies
1990s romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
English-language movies
Movies about prostitution
Movies set in Las Vegas
Works about alcoholism
American independent movies
Koi... Mil Gaya (English: I have found someone) is an Indian science fiction movie released in 2003. The main characters in the film are played by Hrithik Roshan, Rekha, Preity Zinta and Rajat Bedi. The movie was directed and produced by Rakesh Roshan, the father of Hrithik Roshan. It is about a mentally retarded person who sees an alien in a forest which he thought would change his life forever. The movie was a superhit and became the most successful movie of 2003. It is regarded as one of India's first science fiction movies. Additionally, the film was a turning point in Hrithik Roshan's career after some of his previous films flopped. It has two sequels, which are Krrish (2006) and Krrish 3 (2013). In 2004, a Indian animated action television show based on the film was produced by Tilak Shetty, Munjal Shroff, and Graphiti Multimedia Nickelodeon and it was called J Bole Toh Jadoo and it is based on the alien in this film, who is named Jadoo.

References 

Indian movies
2000s science fiction movies
2003 movies
Movies about autism
Movies directed by Rakesh Roshan
Easter Monday is the day after Easter Sunday. It is a holiday in many Christian countries. In 2013 it falls on April 1, in 2014 it will fall on April 21 and in 2015 it will fall on April 6.

Reference
Half term dates

Christian holidays
Easter
A ketogenic diet is a diet in which most of the calories come from fat (70-75%). A moderate amount of calories come from protein (20-25%). Only a small number of the calories come from carbohydrates (5%). 

The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates for energy. Normally, the carbohydrates you eat are turned into glucose in the body, which is used for energy around the body and in the brain. But, if you don't eat enough carbohydrates, your body has a back-up system of burning fat instead.  The liver can use stored fat and the fat you eat for energy. Stored fat is broken into two parts, fatty acids, and ketone bodies. Ketone bodies power the brain instead of glucose. This state of having a lot of ketone bodies in your blood is called "Ketosis." The liver can also make or release its own glucose through two processes(gluconeogenesis and glycogenolosis) as glucose is still needed for normal body function.

Overview 
The keto diet is any diet that elicits ketosis. To achieve ketosis Keto we need to limit carbohydrates and use fat for fuel, to produce ketones. The regular ketogenic diet has two to four times more fat by weight than protein, and very little carbohydrates every day. This means not eating foods that are made from starch or sugar. High-carbohydrate foods are foods like fruits, bread, pasta, grains, cookies, and ice cream. Also, you have to increase your intake of fatty foods, like oils(usually from olives, avocados, or coconuts), butter, and fatty meats. It's also important to not eat too much protein. You should only eat just enough protein so you don't lose muscles. Too much protein reduces the ketone bodies in your blood and blocks fat burning.

History 
The ketogenic diet was originally created to treat people with epilepsy. Until other medicines became available, this was a good option for managing the condition.

Now, due to the other treatments available, and how restrictive the diet is, the ketogenic diet is usually prescribed when other options do not work for the patient.

Treatment in epilespy 
The ketogenic diet can lower the amount of seizures. Most children who respond do so within two weeks, though experts recommend a trial of at least three months before assuming it has been ineffective. Children with refractory epilepsy are more likely to benefit from the ketogenic diet than from trying another anticonvulsant drug. Adolescents and adults may also benefit from the diet, though this diet is hard to follow. Questions still remain on why this diet works.

The ketogenic diet can also have some side effects, especially if not done properly, such as gastrointestinal problems.

References

Nutrition
Insulin glargine (also known as Lantus) is a diabetic insulin medicine of long-lasting origin that is used to control high blood sugar. The medication is used during the evening or night hours by people having Type 1 diabetes, latent autoimmune diabetes of adults or, rarely, in Type 2 diabetes. The medication is used with other insulins, including mealtime insulin.

Biochemistry
Insulin lispro, better known as Humalog, is a quick-acting diabetic insulin taken before meals. People having Type 1 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (or rarely, Type 2 diabetes) use the medication. It was first approved in 1996.

References 

Diabetes mellitus
Biochemistry
Dysthymia (also called dysthymic disorder or neurotic depression) is a type of mental illness called a mood disorder.  People with dysthymia have depression that is mild to moderate and lasts for years.

Dysthymia is a chronic (long-lasting) condition. A person must have symptoms for at least two years to qualify for a diagnosis of dysthymia.

The symptoms of dysthymia and major depressive disorder are similar. Both disorders can have serious effects on the body, mind, and emotions.  Physical symptoms can include changes in appetite, low energy, feeling tired, and trouble sleeping. Mental symptoms include difficulty making decisions or concentrating. Emotionally, people with either disorder often feel hopeless and have low self-esteem.  However, even though both disorders have similar symptoms, these symptoms are usually less severe with dysthymia.

Like with major depressive disorder, people with dysthymia may think about suicide or try to kill themselves. Dysthymia does not involve mania, hypomania (mild forms of mania), or mixed episodes (where a person has symptoms of both depression and mania).

Sometimes, people with dysthymia have "double depression."  This happens when a person with dysthymia has episodes of major depression (where their depression gets much worse) on top of their existing dysthymia.

Dysthymia usually affects adults, though it can affect teenagers. People who are diagnosed early (before age 22) usually have more severe relapses (where they return to being dysthymic after having been healthy), and are more likely to have other mental illnesses along with their dysthymia.

Mood disorders
Fibromyalgia is a condition with chronic pain. The exact causes are not known. However, symptoms are not totally restricted to the pain. There are also sleep disturbances, joint stiffness and severe fatigue. The problem sometimes exists along with depression, stress and anxiety. Fibromyalgia affects mostly women, though men can also be affected. Adults are usually the victims, although children may also be affected.

Pain
symptoms-
widespread pain,if you have fibromyalgia,one of the main symptoms is most likely to be widespread pain...
Extreme sensitivity...
Stiffness...
fatigue...
poor sleep quality...
congnitive prombles [''fibro-fog]
The University of Costa Rica () is a public university in the Republic of Costa Rica, in Central America.  Its main campus is Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio. It is located in San Pedro Montes de Oca, in the province of San José.  It is the oldest, largest, and most prestigious university in Costa Rica. It is also the most important research university in Central America. About 39,000 students attend UCR each year.

The University of Costa Rica is currently in the top 500 best universities worldwide, ranking at #287 world-wide, and at #11 Latin America-wise.

References

Costa Rica
Colleges and universities in North America
1940 establishments
20th-century establishments in Costa Rica
The Boat Race is a rowing race that happens every year in London. It is a race between the boat clubs of Cambridge University and Oxford University. The crews are made up of students. These two universities have a strong tradition in rowing and a strong rivalry between them.

The course is 4 miles long, along the River Thames. The first boat race was in 1829, and it is usually held on the last Sunday of March or the first Sunday of April. During the World Wars, the Boat Race did not happen. It is a very important sporting event in the United Kingdom. Millions of people watch it on television. In 2009, more than 250,000 people watched it along the river.

As of 2013, Cambridge has won the race 81 times and Oxford 77.

2021 Boat Race 
The 166th Boat Race will take place on the  River Great Ouse on Sunday 4 April. It will start at  Ely in Cambridgeshire. The reason is that Hammersmith Bridge on the Thames is unsafe, and the coronavirus dangers are greater in London.

References 

1829 establishments in Europe
Rowing
1820s establishments in England
Carle Thulka, also known as Lake Maurice, is a salt lake in South Australia. It is the largest of many salt lakes in the eastern end of the Great Victoria Desert. It is normally dry, except during and after periods of heavy rainfall. When it is full, the lake covers an area of around . It is part of the geological basin known as the Officer Basin. The smaller Lake Dey Dey is to the north. Since 1985, Lake Maurice is part of the lands belonging to the Maralinga Tjarutja, a southern branch of the Pitjantjatjara. The community of Oak Valley is near the western shore of the lake.

The exposed surface of the lake normally consists of dry clay, silt or sand, covered with a salty crust. The area around Lake Maurice is very dry. Two wells have been drilled to the southeast and northwest of Lake Maurice, to search for uranium and other minerals. Both wells yield very low levels of groundwater. The water contains high levels of salt. It has also been found to contain radium and sediments from the Cambrian era.

History
The lake is named after the explorer Richard Maurice. Maurice went on at least eight expeditions to the Great Victoria Desert between 1897 and 1903. He was not the first European to pass through this region: Ernest Giles and his team had explored the area almost 20 years before. Giles saw the lake in 1875, but he did not give it a name. He described the area as barren, and wrote that he and his team found no game between Lake Maurice and the Western Australian border. Maurice, in his own expeditions, recorded information and collected specimens on the plants, animals and geology of the area. In 1904, a mining surveyor named Frank George led a prospecting expedition through this region. He used Maurice's camels and equipment and travelled northwest of Lake Dey Dey and across the border to the salt lakes in Western Australia. George named Lake Maurice, and he reported that the area was not likely to contain anything suitable for mining.

The area around Lake Maurice was affected by the nuclear-weapon tests done during the 1950s. Dozens of Aboriginal families were removed from their ancestral lands and settled in towns far to the north (Ernabella), south (Yalata and Ooldea) and west (Cundeelee and Warburton). In the late 1940s, a single officer, Walter MacDougall, was sent to warn people in the area of the coming tests. The fallout from the hydrogen bombs was expected to harm or kill anyone within range. Officially, all were forced to leave their lands and were not allowed within 200 km of ground zero. Given that only one officer and an assistant were assigned to warn the people who lived across this huge area, many of the people were never informed, nor did they leave the area. Planes dropped information leaflets across the area, but the natives could not read the leaflets and were wary or afraid of the aircraft.

References

Other websites
Topographic map (1942)

Lakes of South Australia
Lake Dey Dey is a salt lake in South Australia. It is one of many salt lakes in the eastern end of the Great Victoria Desert. It is normally dry, except during and after periods of heavy rainfall. It is part of the geological basin known as the Officer Basin. The larger Lake Maurice is to the south. Since 1985, Lake Dey Dey is part of the lands belonging to the Maralinga Tjarutja, a southern branch of the Pitjantjatjara. The community of Oak Valley is located nearby to the southwest.

The surface of the lake normally consists of dry clay, silt or sand, covered with a salty crust. The area around Lake Dey Dey is very dry. Groundwater contains high levels of salt.

The lake is culturally important to the Maralinga Tjarutja people. Both Dey Dey and Lake Maurice have  (Dreaming stories) associated with them, and some parts of Dey Dey are restricted so that only men who have been initiated have access. The major  associated with Lake Dey Dey relates to , an ancestral spirit represented by the eastern grey kangaroo.

References

Lakes of South Australia
Elizabeth Key "Bess" Armstrong (December 11, 1953 ), is an American actress. She got her start in acting on stage. Armstrong has done most of her acting on television but has been in some movies. She starred in the 1986 movie Nothing in Common with Tom Hanks and Jackie Gleason.

Armstrong was born in Baltimore, Maryland.

References

Other websites

American television actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from Baltimore
1953 births
Living people
Samuel Stewart "Sam" Witwer (born October 20, 1977) is an American actor and musician. He has appeared in individual episodes of many television shows as well as minor recurring characters in shows including Battlestar Galactica.

Filmography

Movies  
 Gamer (2009)
 Pathology (2008)
 The Mist (2007)

Television 
 2001: ER - Tommy (1 episode)
 2001–03: JAG - Beasley (3 episodes)
 2002: Dark Angel - Marrow (1 episode)
 2004: Cold Case - James Creighton (1 episode)
 2004-05: Battlestar Galactica - Lt. Crashdown (11 episodes)
 2006: Dexter - Neil Perry (3 episodes) 
 2007: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia - Muscular Man
 2007-08: CSI: Crime Scene Investigation - Officer Casella (3 episodes)
 2008-09: Smallville - Davis Bloome
 2010: The Walking Dead - Zombie soldier inside the tank
 2011-present: Being Human - Aidan McCollin
 2011-2013: Star Wars: The Clone Wars - Darth Maul

Video games 
 2008: Star Wars: The Force Unleashed - Galen Marek, Darth Sidious
 2010: Star Wars: The Forde Unleashed II - Galen Marek, Darth Sidious

References 

 
 
1977 births 
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Illinois
American voice actors
Pope Pius I (; died 154) was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 10th Pope, the official title is the Bishop of Rome from 140 until his death in 154.

Early life
Pius was born at Aquileia, in Northern Italy.

Pope
Pius became pope in 140.  

He was the first sole Bishop of Rome during his reign.  Previously, the Bishop of Rome was a council of Bishops with the Pope being the head of the council.  His feast day is celebrated on July 11.

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Other websites 

 
  "Pius," Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911
  Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence

1st-century births
2nd-century deaths
Italian popes
The National Institute of Statistics and Census of Costa Rica (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos de Costa Rica, or INEC) is the government institution in charge of censuses and official surveys in the country. The main office is located in San José.

History 
INEC was first called Oficina Central de Estadística in 1861. Later, in 1951, it was called Dirección General de Estadística y Censos, until 1998, when INEC was its legal name. INEC ran its first census in 1864, and the last one was the 10th population and the 6th dwellings census, held in June 2011.

Censuses in Costa Rica 
 1864. First Population Census.
 1883. Second Population Census.
 1892. Third Population Census.
 1927. Fourth Population Census.
 1950. Fifth Population Census.
 1963. Sixth Population Census.
 1973. Seventh Population Census. Available at CCP.
 1984. Eighth Population Census. Available at CCP.
 2000. Ninth Population Census. Available at CCP.
 2011. Tenth Population Census.

Other websites 
INEC website (in spanish only)
Central American Population Center website (in spanish only). Centro Centroamericano de Población (CCP), organization in charge of demographic studies, has information about the census that can be accessed online.

Costa Rica
Government agencies
1861 establishments
19th-century establishments in Costa Rica
1860s establishments in North America
Nicoya is a town in Costa Rica's Guanacaste Province. It is one of the most important tourist zones. It serves as a transport hub to Guanacaste's beaches and national parks. The town is also the capital of the cantón of the same name (Nicoya Canton).

The town was built in an old colonial style. It was built in the Cordillera Volcánica de Guanacaste. Agriculture and cattle are the town's main economic activity.

In early 2006, a group of researchers led by adventure writer Dan Buettner and supported by National Geographic Magazine, the National Institute for Aging, and Alliance Healthcare, designated Nicoya as a Blue Zone. This designation is granted to global regions that are characterized by the longest life expectancies.  Among the ideal Nicoyan lifestyle characteristics cited by the research were the water’s high calcium content, intense daily physical activity, year-long fruit consumption, and close inter-generational relationships.

While the town elected 61 year old Lorenzo Rosales Vargas as mayor on December 3, 2006 he was only able to serve for about a year before quitting due to health reasons. Since May 5, 2008 Eduardo Gutiérrez Rosales has been holding the office instead as Nicoya's first supply mayor. They are both members of the National Liberation Party (PLN).

References

Cities in Costa Rica
Guanacaste Province
1520s establishments in North America
Establishments in Costa Rica
A lens is a clear (transparent) object (like glass, plastic or even a drop of water) that changes the way things look by bending the light that goes through it. They may make things appear larger, smaller, or upside-down. Some places lenses are used include spectacles (eyeglasses), contact lenses, cameras, projectors, microscopes, telescopes, magnifying glasses, etc. Each eye also has a lens. 

They work by refraction, or the bending of light.

Lenses have three main shapes. Each different shape changes the image (making it bigger or smaller). The three types are:
 Convex: the center part is thicker
 Concave: the center part is thinner
 Planar: flat

The power of a lens is the reciprocal of its focal length:
P = 1/focal length.

History 

The word "lens" comes from the Latin word for "lentil," because the earliest convex lenses in common use were shaped like the bean.

The oldest written record of lenses is in the ancient Greek play by Aristophanes called "Clouds", where lenses were used with sunlight to make fire.

Galileo Galilei is commonly believed to have used lenses to make the first known refracting telescope. However, he merely adapted and improved a design he learned from Dutch lensmakers such as Hans Lippershey. He was probably the first to use telescopes to make accurate astronomical observations, though.

Related pages
 Camera lens
 Focal length

Optics
Khuiratta (Urdu:تحصیل خیراتا) is a town of the Kotli District in Azad Kashmir. In has been the headquarters of the district subdivision since 2010.

References

Tehsils of Azad Kashmir