cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sant Julià de Lòria is one of the parishes of Andorra.  It is the most southern parish of the country. Sant Julià de Lòria is also the name of the main town of the parish.  The University of Andorra is in the parish.

Geography
The parish has an altitude of ; the town of Sant Julià de Lòria is at  high, the lowest settlement in Andorra. The Valira river (or Gran Valira), the biggest river in the country, flows through the parish.

Sant Julià de Lòria borders with the Andorra la Vella parish to the north, with the Escaldes-Engordany parish to the northeast and with Spain to the east, south and west.

The highest mountain in the parish is Pic Negre Norte () with an elevation of  above sea level; it is on the border with the Escaldes-Engordany parish.

Population
The parish had a population, in 2015 of 9,379 inhabitants, for a population density of  persons/km².

Evolution of the population in Sant Julià de Lòria

Villages
There are other villages and hamlets besides the main town of Sant Julià de Lòria in the parish:

Sites of interest
 Església de Sant Serni de Nagol  is a church built in the 11th century.
 Església de Sant Miquel de Fontaneda is a church in Fontaneda, built in the 11-12th century.
 Santuari de la Mar de Déu de Canòlic ("Mother of God of Canòlic Sanctuary"); the Mother of God of Canòlic is the patron saint of the Sant Julià de Lòria parish.
 La Rabassa, a cross-country skiing station; here there is also a park, Naturlandia.
 Museu del Tabac ("Tobacco Museum"), an old tobacco factory that is now a museum.

Gallery

References

Parishes of Andorra
Our Lady of Meritxell  is the patron saint of Andorra. It is a Roman Catholic statue showing the Virgin Mary. The original statue is from the late 12th century. But the chapel it was in burned down on September 8 and 9, 1972. The statue was destroyed. A copy was made in 1976 by Ricardo Bofill.

Andorra
Statues
Marian shrines
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a serious, painful, and chronic (long-lasting) disease.  It is an autoimmune disease - a disease where the body's immune system attacks healthy cells.  When a person has RA, their immune system attacks the joints and the tissues around the joints in the body.  This causes different problems, like:
 The capsules around the joints get swollen
 The body makes too much synovial fluid (the special fluid that is supposed to cushion the joints)
 Tough fibrous tissue builds up in the synovium area (which is also supposed to help cushion the joints)

Eventually, RA can destroy a person's articular cartilage.  Normally, articular (having to do with the joints) cartilage covers the end of bones where they come together to form joints.  This keeps the bones from rubbing against each other.  If the articular cartilage has been destroyed by RA, the bones will rub against each other, which is very painful.

No one knows what causes RA, but some theories are that it has to do with hormones, environment, infection and genes. There is no cure, but doctors have determined ways to help slow down and reduce the impact of the disease. Women are two to three times as likely as men to get rheumatoid arthritis. Most cases of RA occur in people between the ages of 25 and 55.

RA was first recognized around 1800 by Dr. Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais.

Symptoms
Symptoms may include:
Swelling, stiffness, and pain around affected joints
Fever
A feeling of discomfort and tiredness

Often, people with RA also develop anemia, a different disease that causes a person to have not enough blood cells in the blood. 

Less often, a person with RA could have:
inflamed blood vessels
neck pain

References

Inflammation
Diseases and disorders of joints
Rheumatology
The World Heritage Committee is the group which decides on the places to be listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It makes sure that the agreements in World Heritage Convention are followed. It also decides how the money in the World Heritage Fund is spent. The committee has 21 members who are elected from the 188 countries that have agreed to the World Heritage Convention.

According to the World Heritage Convention, committee members are elected for six years, however many of the representatives choose to be on the committee for only four years. This gives more countries a chance to take part. At the 15th General Assembly (2005) all the committee members agreed to serve for only four years.

Session
The World Heritage Committee meets many times a year to discuss the management of existing World Heritage Sites, and to look at possible new sites. A special meeting, known as the World Heritage Committee Session, takes place each year where sites are added (inscribed) to the World Heritage List.

The annual session takes place in cities all over the world. With the exception of meetings held in Paris, where the UNESCO headquarter office is located, only countries who are members of the World Heritage Committee have the right to hold a Session. The cities are decided by the Committee.

References

Other websites

 UNESCO World Heritage portal — Official website 
 The World Heritage List — Official searchable list of all Inscribed Properties

UNESCO Conventions
International organizations
Conservation
The Willandra Lakes Region is a World Heritage Site that covers 2,400 square kilometres in south-western New South Wales, Australia. It includes important natural and cultural features. The lakes were formed about two million years ago, but are now dry. The Australian Aborigines camped around the lakes, especially in the sand dunes on the lake shores for at least 50,000 years. These dunes are crescent shaped, and are called lunettes. The world's oldest cremation, of an woman more than 40,000 years ago, was found in a lunette at Lake Mungo. A small section of the region is protected by the Mungo National Park. As well as Lake Mungo, there is also Lake Mulurulu which was the last lake to hold water, the Prungle lakes which have been dry for more than 20,000 years, and Lake Chibnalwood which has a 30 metre high lunette, one of the biggest in the world.

The Willandra Lakes Region was added to the Australian National Heritage List in May 2007.

Movies
2003 - Journey of Man

Related pages 
 List of World Heritage Sites in Australia

References

Other websites 
World heritage listing for Willandra Lakes

World Heritage Sites in Australia
Geography of New South Wales
Australian National Heritage List
In Christianity, Sloth is about a person not wanting to work, because of lack of motivation. The person will be physically inactive and neglect what God has said. Very often, this will lead to resources being wasted. As an example, sloth is about a person not helping those in need, even though they would be able to. Sloth is one of the seven capital sins, which are also called seven deadly sins.

For Protestants, Diligence (or hard work) is one of the ways to please God. Max Weber (1864-1920) treats this in his work The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. In his work "Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht", Immanuel Kant stated that of the capital sins sloth, cowardice and falsehood, the first one is the most despicable. However, he also sees this as a measure of self-protection of the individual, as long phases of hard work will lead a person to become tired, and to make short pauses between intervals of work. Without these pauses, the restles malice that is in the world would do a far greater amount of damage. In 1846, Louis Blanc wrote about the right to work. There was a financial crisis at the time, and many people were unemployed. The crisis led to the French Revolution of 1848.
In 1880, the Socialist Paul Lafargue  published an essay called The Right to be Lazy, where he explains that the worker should have a right to be lazy.

References

Seven deadly sins
Ponte Buggianese is an Italian town in the province of Pistoia, Tuscany. About 8,876 people lived there as of 2011.

References

Other websites

Towns in Tuscany
Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Nara in Nara Prefecture, Japan. 

The site covers eight places in the old capital city of Nara. Five are Buddhist temples, one is a Shinto shrine, one is a Palace and one a primeval forest.

History
Nara was the capital of Japan from 710 to 784.  The city's historic structures show what life was like in the Japanese capital in the 8th century.

All of the shrine and temple compounds have been recognized as "Historic Sites". The Nara Palace has been named as a "Special Historic Site".  The Kasugayama forest is a Special "Natural Monument".

The several properties include 26 buildings which have been named by the Japanese Government as "National Treasures". Also, there are 53 buildings which have been named as "Important Cultural Properties". 

In 1998, UNESCO listed parts of Nara as a World Heritage Site.

Table

Related pages 
List of World Heritage Sites in Japan

References

Other websites

Nara
Nara
Nara
Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities) is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Kyoto in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. 

The site covers 17 locations in three cities  in Kyoto, in Uji (Kyoto Prefecture) and in Ōtsu (Shiga Prefecture). Three of these places are Shinto shrines and 13 are Buddhist temples. A castle is also included in the group.

History
Kyoto was Japan's capital city from 794 until the late-19th century. Some of the city's historic structures show what life was like in the capital in those centuries.

The World Heritage Site has 17 properties which were established between the 10th century and the 19th century.  Each is representative of the period in which it was built.

The several properties include 38 buildings which have been identified by the Japanese Government as "National Treasures".  There are 160 properties which have been named as "Important Cultural Properties".  There are 8 gardens which have been recognized as "Special Places of Scenic Beauty".  There are 4 designated  as "Places of Scenic Beauty". 

In 1994, UNESCO listed parts of Kyoto as a World Heritage Site.

Table

Related pages 
 List of World Heritage Sites in Japan

References

Other websites 

 Kyoto City, "World Heritage Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto"
 Kyoto Prefecture, World's Cultural Heritage 
       

World Heritage Sites in Japan
Buildings and structures in Kyoto Prefecture
Japanese culture
Vredefort crater is the largest verified impact crater on Earth. That means we know for certain it was caused by an asteroid or meteorite strike.  The crater is in the Free State Province of South Africa.  

In 2005, the Vredefort Dome was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as a natural site of geologic interest.

Formation and structure
The asteroid that hit Vredefort was one of the largest ever to strike Earth since the Hadean eon. The Vredefort hit was some two billion years ago. The bolide is thought to have been about 5–10 km (3–6 miles) in diameter. 

The crater has a diameter of roughly , larger than the  Sudbury Basin and the  Chicxulub crater. This makes Vredefort the largest known impact structure on Earth. If the Wilkes Land crater in Antarctica is an impact crater then it is the largest known at  diameter.

The Vredefort crater's age is about two billion (109) years ago, which puts it in the Palaeoproterozoic era. It is the second-oldest known crater on Earth, a little less than 300 million years younger than the Suavjärvi crater in Russia. In comparison, it is about 10% older than the Sudbury Basin impact (at 1.849 billion years).

It was originally thought that the crater was formed by a volcanic explosion, but in the mid 1990s evidence showed that it was the site of a huge bolide impact. Telltale shatter cones were discovered in the bed of the nearby Vaal River. 

The Vredefort crater site is one of the few multi-ringed impact craters on Earth, although they are more common elsewhere in the Solar System. Perhaps the best-known example is Valhalla crater on Jupiter's moon Callisto, although Earth's Moon has a number as well. Geological processes, such as erosion and plate tectonics, have destroyed most multi-ring craters on Earth.

The nearby Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) and Witwatersrand Basin were created during this same period, leading to speculation that the bolide was big and fast enough to cause local volcanism. The BIC is where most of the world's known reserves of platinum group metals (PGMs) are found, while the Witwatersrand basin holds most of the known reserves of gold.

The Vredefort dome in the center of the crater is home to three towns: Parys, Vredefort and Koppies.

References 

World Heritage Sites in Africa
Impact craters
Geography of South Africa
The Chinese crested dog is a hairless dog breed. The breed probably did not actually come from China. It is the most common hairless dog breed. However, some of them do have fur. Other hairless dog breeds are the American Hairless Terrier, Mexican Hairless Dog, Peruvian Hairless Dog, and Hairless Khala. Hairless Chinese cresteds often win the World's Ugliest Dog Contest, which takes place every year in Petaluma, California.

The Chinese crested is a friendly, intelligent animal.

References

Dog breeds
The University of Andorra ( is a public school of higher education.  It was formed in 1997. It is the only university in Andorra. The university has a school of nursing, a school of management and computer science, and a center for online studies.

References

Andorra
Colleges and universities in Europe
1997 establishments in Europe
This is a list of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. GDP per capita is a measurement used to determine economic growth and potential increases in productivity and is calculated by taking the GDP and dividing it by the total population in the country. It is used to describe the standard of living of a population, with a higher gross domestic product per capita country ranking a higher standard of living is possible for its population. Although GDP per capita is an important and widely used indicator of countries’ level of economic welfare, "consumption per capita" may be more useful for comparing the relative welfare of consumers across various countries. GDP is the worth of all goods and services made in a country in a year. PPP is for purchasing power parity and it means how much money would be needed to buy the same item in two different countries. Per capita consumption is the yearly use of goods and services by each person. Per capita means per person.

References

GDP (PPP) per capita
This is a list of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP). GDP is the worth of all goods and services made in a country in a year.

References

nominal
Varicose veins are a condition in which the veins in the leg area have become enlarged. If veins have become varicose, the leaflets of the valves do not work properly, and in turn, the vein valves themselves won't work. The blood then flows backwards, at which point the veins then start to increase. This condition is most common in superficial veins which involve the legs. The condition not only causes cosmetic troubles, it also creates itching and painful problems.

References 

Diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system
Blood vessels
The Emblem of Angola is the national emblem. It shows the recent past of the new nation.  There are Marxist pictures.

In the center is a machete and hoe.  These show the revolution through which the nation gained independence, and the importance of agricultural workers.  Above both emblems is a red star.  The red star is often in many socialist images.  The rising sun is the normal symbol of a new beginning.  The half cog-wheel is for the industrial workers.  The half vine of coffee and cotton leaves is for the coffee and cotton industry.

At the bottom is an open book that is for education. A banner reads "Republic of Angola" at the bottom, in Portuguese.

Historical coats of arms

Angola
Angola
1990 establishments
1990s establishments in Africa
20th-century establishments in Angola
Angola Avante! is the national anthem of Angola. It means "Forward Angola!".  Manuel Rui Alves Monteiro wrote the words. Rui Alberto Vieira Dias Mingas wrote the music.

It was started in 1975 after independence from Portugal.

Angola
National anthems
1975 establishments in Africa
1970s establishments in Angola
Bengo is a province of Angola. Its capital is Caxito. There are about 450,000 people.

The province is bordered by the provinces of Zaire to the North, Uige to the Northeast, Cuanza Norte to the East, and Cuanza Sul to the South. The Kissama National Park and the Kibinda Forest Reserve are here. 

Provinces of Angola
Riversleigh in north west Queensland, Australia, is one of the Australian Fossil Mammal Sites listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The other is the Naracoorte Caves National Park in South Australia. The Riversleigh site is part of the Boodjamulla National Park. The fossil site covers an area of about 100 km².

The fossils that have been found are the remains of ancient mammals, birds and reptiles of Oligocene and Miocene epochs. The site was listed as a World Heritage site in 1994. The fossils at Riversleigh are rare because they are found in soft freshwater limestone which has not been compressed. This means the animal remains retain their three dimensional shape.

Fossils
Fossils at Riversleigh are found in limestone by lime-rich freshwater pools, and in caves. They are from when the ecosystem was evolving from rich rainforest to semi-arid grassland. Thirty-five fossil bat species have been found at the site, which is the richest in the world. A skull, complete with all its teeth, of a 15 million-year-old monotreme, Obdurodon dicksoni, shows how this Australia group of animals evolved. Fossil ancestors of the extinct thylacine, Thylacinus cynocephalus, have also been found at Riversleigh. In 1993, Nimbadon skulls were found in newly discovered cave.  Scientists think this prehistoric marsupial first appeared about 15 million years ago and died out about 12 million years ago, perhaps from the effects of climate change. Other fossils have shown how the koala has changed in response to Australia's change from rainforest to drier eucalypt forests.

Fossils found at Riversleigh
Mammals
Ekaltadeta, a carnivorous rat-kangaroo
Burramys, the Mountain Pygmy Possum
Nimbacinus, an ancestor of the Thylacine
Obdurodon, a giant platypus
Yarala, a tube-nosed bandicoot
Yalkaparidon, a strange marsupial
Wakaleo, a marsupial lion
Priscileo, a marsupial lion
Nimiokoala, an ancient koala
Nimbadon, a sheep-like marsupial

Birds
Pengana, a flexible-footed bird of prey
Menura tyawanoides, a prehistoric lyrebird
The first fossil record of the Orthonychidae (logrunner) family

Reptiles
Trilophosuchus, a tree-dwelling crocodile
Baru, the cleaver-headed crocodile
Yurlunggur, and Wonambi, extinct snakes (Madtsoiidae)

References
Archer, M. et al. 1991. Riversleigh: the Story of Australia's Inland Rainforests, (Sydney: Reed Books).

Other websites
World heritage listing for Riversleigh
UNESCO site with information on Riversleigh, Australia
Australian site about Riversleigh 
Information about fossils from Riversleigh, Australian Museum
The Riversleigh Society supports scientific research at Riversleigh

World Heritage Sites in Australia
Protected areas of Queensland
Australian National Heritage List
Lagerstätten
Kwikset is an American lock and door hardware manufacturer. Kwikset makes low to medium security residential and light commercial door locks. The Kwikset KW1 keyway is used by many other lock manufacturers. Kwikset recently introduced the SmartKey lock, which allows instant rekeying without removing the lock from the door, and without removing or replacing the core. The SmartKey lock uses the same KW1 key used in other Kwikset locks. The SmartKey lock is more difficult to pick than the standard Kwikset lock, although it is easier to force open.

Locks
Companies based in California
1946 establishments
Hiroshima Peace Memorial, also called the Atomic Bomb Dome or , is in central Hiroshima, Japan. It is part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. UNESCO named the dome a World Heritage Site in 1996. The dome is the ruined Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall. It was kept as a memorial to the people who were killed in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. The bombing killed 70,000 people instantly, and another 70,000 died later from the radiation.

History 
Czech architect Jan Letzel designed the building. It was completed in April 1915 and was named the Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition. It was opened to the public in August that year. In 1921 the name was changed to the Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall. Finally in 1933, the name changed to the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall.

Atomic bombing 

At 8:15 on August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb to be used in war exploded almost directly above the dome. Everyone inside the building was killed instantly,but the building was not totally destroyed. There was more downward force on the building, but less side-to-side force right under the center of the explosion.

After the war
At first, the city planned to tear down the building, but did not because it was not as badly damaged. Some people wanted to remove the building, but others wanted to keep it. The city of Hiroshima was rebuilt around the ruined dome. In 1966 the city said that it planned to keep the building. As of July 2011, two construction projects kept the Dome from falling.

In December 1996, UNESCO added the A-Bomb Dome to the World Heritage List. Not everyone supported this decision. The United States did not join the decision. China said that the monument could take attention away from the countries that were victims of Japan during the war. Many more people died because of Japanese attacks in those countries. The United States said that having a memorial to a war site would not tell the whole history of the bombing.

Gallery

Related pages 
 List of World Heritage Sites in Japan

References

Other websites 

 Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Dome
 Entry on UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) website
 Official page
 Trade Promotion Hall

World Heritage Sites in Japan
Buildings and structures in Japan
Hiroshima
1915 establishments
1910s establishments in Japan
The Italian Job is a 1969 British comedy-drama crime movie. It is about a gang of British criminals who rob an armoured van of its gold cargo in Turin, Italy. It stars Michael Caine, Noel Coward and Benny Hill. It was written by Troy Kennedy Martin and directed by Peter Collinson.

Other websites 

1969 comedy movies
1969 drama movies
1960s comedy-drama movies
1969 crime movies
British comedy-drama movies
British crime drama movies
British criminal comedy movies
Chase movies
English-language movies
Heist movies
Movies set in Italy
Movies directed by Peter Collinson
In Greek mythology, Salmacis was a naiad nymph of a spring at Caria in Asia Minor. She didn't follow the other nymphs of the goddess Diana and united bodies with Hermaphroditus becoming a single being, both male and female.

"There dwelt a Nymph, not up for hunting or archery:
unfit for footraces. She the only Naiad not in Diana’s band.
Often her sisters would say: “Pick up a javelin, or
bristling quiver, and interrupt your leisure for the chase!
But she would not pick up a javelin or arrows,
nor trade leisure for the chase.
Instead she would bathe her beautiful limbs and tend to her hair,
with her waters as a mirror."

Ovid, Metamorphoses. Book IV, 306-312.

According to Ovid's myth, she fell in love with Hermaphroditus, the son of Hermes and Aphrodite. When he bathed in her spring, she embraced him and prayed to the gods to be united with him forever, the gods heard her prayer and merged their bodies together, transforming Hermaphroditus into an androgynous being. Hermaphroditus then cursed the spring of Salmacis, so that any man who drank or bathed in its water would also become androgynous.

Other websites

 hermaphroditus and salmacis art
The Wish of Salmacis
The Pool of Salmacis
Salmacis and hermaphroditus 

Nymphs
Luanda is a province of Angola. There were 1,823,282 people in 2006. Luanda is the capital of the province and the country.  

Provinces of Angola
Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Hiraizumi in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

The site covers 5 locations. Four of these places are  Buddhist temples. The sacred Mount Kinkeisan is also included in the group The properties and their buffer zones are covered by a range of Japanese government protections as historic sites and places of scenic beauty.

History
Hiraizumi was an important political, military, commercial, and cultural centre from the late-11th century until the late 12th-century.  This time was marked by the building and endowment of Buddhist temples, art and gardens.

Pure Land Buddhism developed a concept of planning and garden design that was unique to Japan.

The four Pure Land gardens of Hiraizumi show the ideals of Pure Land Buddhism.  The gardens also show Japanese concepts about the relationship between gardens, water and the surrounding landscape.

The four gardens were developed by the Ōshū Fujiwara clan.  The poet Matsuo Bashō was inspired by this Fujiwara legacy.  In 1689, Bashō wrote: "Three generations of glory vanished in the space of a dream ...."

In 2011, UNESCO listed parts of Hiraizumi as a World Heritage Site.

Locations

Related pages
 List of World Heritage Sites in Japan

References

Other websites

 Hiraizumi City, Hiraizumi - World Heritage 
 Iwate Prefecture, http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0907/sekaiisan/index.html 
 http://www.chusonji.or.jp/en/index.html 
 http://www.motsuji.or.jp/english/index.php 

Hiraizumi
Hiraizumi
Hiraizumi
Malanje is a province of Angola. There are about 900,000 people. Malanje is the capital of the province. The Milando Reserve Park is also here.

Provinces of Angola
N'dalatando  (pre-1975: Vila Salazar) is a town and municipality of Cuanza Norte Province in Angola.  It is also the capital of the province. It has a station on the northern railway of Luanda Railway.

References

 

Settlements in Angola
Towns in Africa
is a city in Ibaraki, Japan.

The city of Bandō is made up of the old city of Iwai and the town of Sashima, which joined on March 22, 2005.

Sister cities
  Pine Bluff, Arkansas United States

Notable people from Bandō
 Keita Goto, professional footballer
 Makoto Takimoto, judoka
 Wakanami Jun, sumo wrestler

Other websites 

 Official website of Bandō 

Cities in Japan
The Amazing Spider-Man is a 2012 movie by Marvel Entertainment and Columbia Pictures. It stars Andrew Garfield and Emma Stone. It is a reboot of the Spider-Man motion picture series. It was released in the United States on July 3, 2012. It is about Peter Parker in high school while his super powers are evolving. A sequel, The Amazing Spider-Man 2, was released in 2014.

Plot
Abandoned by his parents and raised by an aunt and uncle, teenager Peter Parker (Andrew Garfield), AKA Spider-Man, is trying to sort out who he is and exactly what his feelings are for his first crush, Gwen Stacy (Emma Stone). When Peter finds a mysterious briefcase that was his father's, he pursues a quest to solve his parents' disappearance. His search takes him to Oscorp and the lab of Dr. Curt Connors (Rhys Ifans), setting him on a collision course with Connors' alter ego, the Lizard.

Release Dates 

2012 science fiction movies
2010s action movies
2010s superhero movies
Spider-Man movies
Movies composed by James Horner
English-language movies
Reboot movies
The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 movie series)
The Sudbury Basin  is a major geologic structure in Ontario, Canada. It is the second-largest verified impact crater on Earth, as well as one of the oldest. 

The basin is on the Canadian Shield in the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario. The Sudbury Basin is referred to locally as "The Valley". The urban core of the former city of Sudbury lies on the southern outskirts of the basin.

The Sudbury Basin is near a number of other geological structures. None of the structures are directly related to each other in the sense of coming from the same geophysical processes.

Formation
The Sudbury basin was formed by a strike from a bolide about  in diameter. It occurred 1.849 billion years ago in the Palaeoproterozoic era.

Debris from the impact was scattered over an area of  and traveled over  away — rock fragments ejected by the impact have been found as far as Minnesota.

With such a large impact, debris was most likely scattered globally, but has since been worn away. Its present size is believed to be a smaller portion of a  round crater that the bolide originally created.

Subsequent geological processes have deformed the crater into the current smaller oval shape. Sudbury Basin would then be the second-largest crater on Earth, after the  Vredefort crater in South Africa, and larger than the  Chicxulub crater in Yucatán, Mexico.

Structure

The full extent of the Sudbury Basin is  long,  wide and  deep, although the modern ground surface is much shallower.

References 

Geography of Ontario
Impact craters
Thames Trains was a British train operator under franchise running a mixture of short and long distance trains around the Thames Valley. Its services were centered around Reading and ran in the area surrounded by Oxford, Gatwick Airport, Guildford, London, Basingstoke, Worcester, Hereford and Stratford-upon-Avon. It was started when British Rail was privatised and Network SouthEast was broken up. In 2004 it was replaced by First Great Western Link, which was merged with First Great Western and Wessex Trains after 2 years, forming a "Greater Western" franchise.

Thames Trains ran one of the Trains involved in the Ladbroke Grove Rail Crash in 1999, three years after it was started.

Train operating companies
Railway operators in London
1996 establishments in England
2004 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
21st-century disestablishments in England
Florida's Turnpike (TPK), designated as the Ronald Reagan Turnpike is a north–south toll road. It was originally called Sunshine State Parkway. The road runs  through 11 counties in the Florida peninsula. It starts from U.S. Route 1 in Florida City, running through Miami, Fort Lauderdale. At West Palm Beach, it runs parallel to Interstate 95, and then in Orlando, it crosses Interstate 4, to its northern end at Interstate 75 near Wildwood.

The Turnpike itself has two sections. The first is the Mainline, a  route from the Golden Glades Interchange (north of Miami) to Wildwood. This has the hidden designation of State Road 91 (SR 91). It was opened in stages between 1957 and 1964. The second is the  long Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike (HEFT). This was completed in 1974. Its hidden designation is State Road 821 (SR 821). This runs from Florida City (near Homestead) through the suburbs to the west and north of Miami, connecting to the Mainline four miles (6 km) north of the Golden Glades Interchange. Florida's Turnpike is considered one of the busiest highways in the country (according to the IBBTA, the highway is the nation's 3rd most heavily traveled toll road).

References 

Turnpike
Things named after Ronald Reagan
The Hala'ib Triangle (مثلث حلايب  in Arabic, transliterated Muthāllath Ḥalāʾib) is an area of land measuring  located on the Red Sea's African coast. The area, which is named after the town of Hala'ib, is created by the difference in the Egypt–Sudan border between the "political boundary" set in 1899 by the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, which runs along the 22nd parallel north, and the "administrative boundary" set by the British in 1902, which gave an area of land north of the line to Sudan.  When Sudan became independent in 1956, both Egypt and Sudan claimed sovereignty over the area. After Egypt sent military units to the Hala'ib Triangle in the 1990s, Egypt has controlled the area as part of the Red Sea Governorate, and has been actively investing in it.

The area is not shaped like a triangle—it is actually a complicated polygon. Only the southern  border is a straight line. A smaller area, called Bir Tawil, touches the Hala'ib Triangle at its westernmost point. Bir Tawil is not claimed by either Sudan or Egypt.

References 

Territorial disputes
Egypt
Sudan
Daniel Stern (born August 1957) is an American television and movie actor. He has starred in movies with many genres, including Home Alone, a movie from 1990 and it's 1992 sequel. Stern was born in Bethesda, Maryland. Stern is currently married to Laure Mattos since 1981, they have 3 children.

Other websites

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Maryland
1957 births
Living people
People from Bethesda, Maryland
A Cesarean section (often called a C-section) is a kind of surgery, which is usually done to make childbirth easier. In the past, this was done when there was a great risk to the health of the mother, or when normal childbirth through the vagina was not possible. More recently, it has also been done on request, without these reasons. In very rare cases, abortions are performed using this procedure, these are called Hysterotomy abortions. The first person to perform a modern Cesarean section was Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer, in 1881. In Latin, it is called Sectio caesarea, in English, the spelling Caesarean section also exists. 

The rate of babies delivered through Cesarean section varies: It is at a record level of 46% in China; levels of 25% and above are common in many Asian and European countries, Latin America, and the United States.

From about the 6th century, there  was Roman law that stated that a living foetus may not be buried with the mother, The Digest notes this to be a "lex regia". If this were the case, it would date from the time around 700 BC, when there were Roman kings.

References

Surgery
Biological reproduction
Waheed Murad () (October 2, 1938 – November 23, 1983) was a Pakistani movie actor. Waheed is considered to be one of the most influential actors of subcontinent. He was born in Karachi, Pakistan. and was the only child of movie distributor Nisar Murad. Waheed got his early education from Karachi Grammar School in Karachi.

One of his blockbuster movies is Armaan. Once, in an interview, he said, "Dilip Kumar, too, is not an immortal actor". 

In November 2010, 27 years after his death, Pakistani president Asif Zardari awarded him the Sitara-e-Imtiaz.

Popularity 
Waheed Murad is thought to be one of the first Rock n' Roll stars of Pakistan. Due to his romantic and subtle style of acting, he became well known as the 'Chocolate Hero' and 'Lady Killer'. His haircut, dressing style and even the way he talked were very popular with the youth.

References

Other websites
 
 Image of a website on Waheed Murad dated 01-13-2005 (now discontinued)
 Biogragphy of Waheed Murad 
 Complete database of Waheed's movies including 2 movies released after his death and 1 movie as guest star released in 1959
 The man who changed cinema - DAWN.com 
Waheed Murad Remembered 

1938 births
1983 deaths
Pakistani movie actors
Pakistani people
Cinema of Pakistan
People from Karachi
Saurimo (pre-1975: Henrique de Carvalho) is a town in northeastern Angola.  It is the capital of the Lunda Sul Province.  There are about 200,000 people. The number of people has gotten bigger because migrants are running from areas hurt by the civil war.

Cities in Angola
Malanje (also Malange) is the capital city of Malanje Province in Angola.  There are 222,000 people.  Nearby are the Calandula waterfalls, 85 km from the city. Pedras Negras de Pungo Andongo are large black rocks. The greatest dam in the country is in Malanje. 

Cities in Angola
The white-cheeked antbird (Gymnopithys leucaspis) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It is sometimes called the bicolored antbird. 

It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru. Its natural habitat is on tropical and moist forests.

Sources 
 BirdLife International 2004.  Gymnopithys leucaspis.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 26 July 2007.

Passeriformes
William John Swainson, Fellow of the Linnean Society and Fellow of the Royal Society (8 October 1789 – 6 December 1855), was an English ornithologist, malacologist, entomologist and artist.

Life 
Swainson was born in Dover Place, St. Mary Newington, London. He was the eldest son of John Timothy Swainson, who was also of the  Linnean Society. William worked at the Liverpool Customs when he was 14.  He studied the ichthyology of western Sicily. In 1815, he returned to England because he became ill.

In 1816 he went with the explorer Henry Koster to Brazil. They did not spend a long time on shore because of a revolution. However, Swainson brought to England over 20,000 insects, 1,200 species of plants, drawings of 120 species of fish, and about 760 bird skins.

As with many Victorian scientists, Swainson was also a member of many societies. He was elected as a fellow to the Royal Society after his return from Brazil on 14 December 1820. In 1823, he married his first wife Mary Parkes, and had four sons and a daughter. His wife died in 1835.

Swainson re-married in 1840 to Ann Grasby, and emigrated to New Zealand in 1841. He died at Fern Grove, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, on 7 December 1855.

Species named after William Swainson
Many birds were named after William Swainson.

John James Audubon named Swainson's Warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii
Charles Lucien Bonaparte named Swainson's Hawk Buteo swainsoni
Thomas Nuttall named Swainson's Thrush  Catharus ustulatus
Swainson's Francolin Francolinus swainsonii
Swainson's Sparrow Passer swainsonii
Swainson's Antcatcher Myrmeciza longipes
Swainson's Fire-eye Pyriglena atra
Swainson's Flycatcher Myiarchus swainsoni
Swainson's Toucan Ramphastos swainsonii

References 

1789 births
1855 deaths
British ornithologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Scientists from London
Artists from London
José Eduardo dos Santos (born August 28, 1942) is an Angolan politician. From 1979 until 2017, he was the President of Angola. As President, dos Santos was also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces. After leaving the presidency, dos Santos remained leader of the People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA).

References

1942 births
Living people
Presidents of Angola
The Vice President of Angola is the second highest political position in Angola. It is the deputy head of state.

Bornito de Sousa is the current Vice President. He started in September 2017.

References
"Angolan president reshuffles govt after new charter"  Reuters February 4, 2010

Angolan people
Angola
Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos (born 5 March 1950), known as Nandó, is an Angolan politician.  He was Vice-President of Angola from 18 February 2010 until 26 September 2012. He was the Prime Minister of Angola from 2002 to 2008.  He was President of the National Assembly of Angola from 2008 to 2010.

Personal life
He is a cousin of José Eduardo dos Santos.

1950 births
Vice presidents
Living people
Prime Ministers of Angola
Legislative speakers
The Angolan War of Independence was from 1961 to 1975.  Angola fought against Portugal.  Portugal was making people in Angola farm cotton. Three different groups in Angola were against Portugal. Agostinho Neto was the leader of the war. Portugal was winning the war when the country's government became democratic. An agreement was signed to let Angola become independent.

About three thousand people died because of the war.

References

1960s
1970s
20th century in Angola

Wars involving Portugal
Wars involving South Africa
Wars of independence
History of Portugal
Monogamy (; monos+gamos meaning one+marriage) is a form of marriage in which a person or animal has only one spouse at any one time.

Etymology 
The word monogamy comes from the Greek words "μονός", monos which means one or alone, and "γάμος", gamos which means marriage.

Religion 
Monogamy is one of the beliefs of Judaism and Christianity (except for the fundamentalist branch of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) who strictly follow the teachings of Joseph Smith, who allowed polygamy and had many wives). In Jewish and Christian doctrine, marriage is between one husband and wife.

Law 
In most countries, monogamy is the only legal form of marriage, either between a man and a woman in most of these countries, and between two persons of the same gender (gay marriage) mainly in the Western world. 
In these countries polygamy is illegal, and a person who has more than one spouse can be prosecuted for bigamy.

References 

Marriage
Sexuality
The Angolan Civil War was a major civil war in the African country of Angola.  It started in 1975 and continued until 2002. The war began right after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. The Civil War was mostly a fight for power between two former liberation movements, the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). Other countries got involved in the war because they wanted their own ideologies to win. This made the Angolan war part of the Cold War. In 2002 the MPLA won.

About 500,000 people died in the war.  The war also did a lot of damage to buildings in Angola.  Because of all the damage, in 2003 80% of Angolans lacked access to basic medical care, 60% lacked access to water, and 30% of Angolan children would die before the age of 5, with an overall national life expectancy of less than 40 years of age.

Background 
In 1575, the Portuguese started to colonize parts of what is now Angola. Before, some of the land was part of the Kingdom of Kongo.

Combatants

MPLA 
The MPLA was a communist group fighting for Angolan independence. Its leader was Agostinho Neto. They were supported by the Soviet Union.

UNITA 
UNITA was an anti-communist group also fighting for Angolan independence. Its leader was Jonas Savimbi.

FNLA 
FNLA was another anti-communist independence group. Its leader was Holden Roberto. The US gave them money by funneling it through Zaire.

War

1970s 
In 1975, Portugal signed the Alvor Agreement with MPLA, UNITA, and FNLA. The agreement said that Angola would become independent on 11 November 1975.

1980s

1990s

2000s

Effect 
The war destroyed a lot of buildings in Angola.

There are still a lot of landmines in Angola from the war. Sometimes they still go off and kill and hurt people.

References

History of Angola
Civil wars involving Africa
1970s in Africa
1970s conflicts
1980s conflicts
1990s in Africa
1990s conflicts
2000s conflicts
2000s in Africa
The Formicariidae or ground antbirds are a family of small passerine birds. They live in subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are between 10 and 20 cm (4–8 in) in length.

These are forest birds that tend to eat insects at or near the ground. Many are specialist ant eaters. Note that the term "antbird" is for another family of birds, the Thamnophilidae.

Tyrannides
The kwanza (sign: Kz; ISO 4217 code: AOA) is the currency of Angola. The Kwanza was introduced in 1999, replacing the "Kwanza Reajustado" (AOK).  AOA is subdivided into coin denominations of 100 centimos, and is denoted by the symbol Kz.

Angola declared independence from Portugal in 1975, following a bitter period in which Angola fought a war of independence while also becoming engulfed in a civil war. While Angola created its first national currency as an independent nation in 1977, this currency—called the Angola Kwanza (AOK)—soon saw its value rapidly eroded by inflation. The AON, introduced in 1990, was an attempt to deal with this severe inflation, but it too was devalued only 5 years later.

The second devaluation occurred in 1995, when the AON was replaced by a new currency called the “kwanza reajustado”. The devaluation was carried out at a rate of 1,000 new currency units for every 1 AON, reflecting the level of severity of Angola’s inflation crisis at that time. A third devaluation occurred in 1999, replacing the kwanza reajustado with the Second Kwanza (AOA), which is the currency that Angola continues to use today.

References 

Currency of Africa
Angola
1977 establishments in Africa
1970s establishments in Angola
Blue Thunder is a 1983 American action thriller movie. In it stars Roy Scheider and Daniel Stern as LAPD cops. The movie is about a futuristic helicopter which has unusual capability.

Other websites 

1983 drama movies
1983 thriller movies
American drama movies
American thriller movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies directed by John Badham
"Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee" is the national anthem of Antigua and Barbuda. Novelle Hamilton Richards wrote the words.  Walter Garnet Picart Chambers wrote the music.  The country started using in on independence in 1981. God Save the Queen is still the Royal anthem.

Lyrics
Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee!
We, your sons and daughters stand
Strong and firm in peace or danger
To safeguard our Motherland
We commit ourselves to building
A true nation brave and free;
Ever striving, ever seeking,
Dwell in love and unity.
Raise the standard! Raise it boldly!
Answer now to duty's call
To the service of thy country,
Sparing nothing, giving all;
Gird your loins and join the battle
Against fear, hate, poverty,
Each endeavouring, all achieving,
Live in peace where man is free.
God of nations, let our blessings
Fall upon this land of ours;
Rain and sunshine ever sending,
Fill her fields with crops and flowers;
We her children do implore them,
Give us strength, faith, loyalty,
Never failing, all enduring,
Let defend our liberty.
Never failing, all enduring,
Let defend our liberty.

Antigua and Barbuda
National anthems
The national flag of Antigua and Barbuda was started on February 27, 1967.  It was designed by artist and sculptor, Sir Reginald Samuel. The rising sun is for the dawning of a new era. The colours have different meanings. The black is for the African ancestry of the people.  The blue is for hope.  The red is for energy or dynamism of the people. The colouring of yellow, blue, and white (from the sun down) is for the sun, sea, and sand. The blue also is for the Caribbean Sea.  The V-shape is the symbol of victory.

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda
Priapus was a minor fertility god in Greek mythology, who was also the protector of livestock, fruit plants, and male genitals. He was depicted as having an oversized and permanent erection. Sources differ as to who his parents were. Some say he was the son of the god Dionysus and the goddess Aphrodite; Dionysus and Chione; Hermes and Aphrodite; Zeus and Aphrodite; or Pan and Aphrodite. According to the myth, Hera cursed him while he was still in the womb of Aphrodite, because she was jealous that the Trojan prince Paris had picked Aphrodite as being the most beautiful of the goddesses and had given the Golden Apple of Eris to her. Hera's curse made Priapus impotent, ugly and foul-minded. The gods did not want Priapus to live with them on Olympus, and he was left on a hillside on Earth. There, he was taken by shepherds who raised him. Priapus later tried to rape the goddess Hestia, but was hit by a donkey, and this caused Priapus to lose his erection.
He also became the patron god of merchant sailing, protecting and guiding them through rough seas. It was common for merchants to carry a Priapus figure or a phallus on their ships as protection.

Related pages

 Mutunus Tutunus - Roman mythology version of Priapus

Greek gods and goddesses
Mamma Mia! is a 2008 American romantic musical comedy movie set in Greece. It is based on the musical stage play and on ABBA's 1975 chart topping song. It was distributed through Universal Pictures. It stars Amanda Seyfried as Sophie Sheridan, Meryl Streep as her mother, and Colin Firth, Stellan Skarsgard and Pierce Brosnan as Sophie's three possible fathers. Mamma Mia! was given mixed reviews, although it received almost $610 million worldwide, becoming the highest grossing musical motion picture in American history.

Other websites 

2008 movies
2000s romantic comedy movies
American musical movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Greece
Universal Pictures movies
ABBA