cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A deemster () is a judge in the Isle of Man. The Isle of Man is self-governing. It keeps some of its traditions, and has a long past history.

The High Court of Justice of the Isle of Man is presided over by a deemster. In the appeal division, a deemster and the Judge of Appeal preside.  The deemsters also make the Isle of Man's laws official, by reading them out to the people in English and Manx on Tynwald Day.

The First and Second Deemsters used to have seats in the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man. The Second Deemster lost his seat in 1965, and the First Deemster lost his in 1975.

There are currently three full time Deemsters in the Isle of Man. These are the First Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls (who is also the Deputy Governor), the Second Deemster, and an additional full-time Deemster. Additional deemsters, full-time or part-time, may be appointed from time to time. 

The offices of First Deemster, Second Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls are ancient offices. The offices of First Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls were joined in 1918. A new office of Deputy Deemster was created in 2002, but abolished in 2009. 

The First Deemster, Second Deemster and Judge of Appeal are appointed by the monarch, (acting on the advice of the UK's Secretary of State for Justice). The First Deemster acts in place of the Lieutenant Governor in the latter's absence, or during a vacancy in that office.

References

Related pages
 Tynwald

Other websites
 Isle of Man Courts

Judiciary of the Isle of Man
Law occupations
Patricia T. Arquette (born April 8, 1968) is an American actress and movie director. She played the lead character in the supernatural drama television series Medium. She also starred in other TV series and in many movies. She won a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for her role in Boyhood in 2015.

Early life
Arquette was born in Chicago, Illinois. She is the daughter of Lewis Arquette, an actor, and Brenda Olivia "Mardi" (née Nowak), an actress, poet, theater operator, activist, acting teacher, and therapist. Arquette's mother was Jewish, the daughter of a Holocaust survivor from Poland and Russia. Arquette's father was of English, French-Canadian, German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss and Welsh descent and a convert to Islam from Catholicism, and was related to explorer Meriwether Lewis. Her paternal grandfather was comedian Cliff Arquette; her siblings are actors Rosanna, Alexis, Richmond, and David Arquette.

References

Other websites

1968 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from Virginia
American movie actors
American television actors
Jewish American actors
Arquette family
Best Supporting Actress Academy Award winners
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Downtown is a popular Japanese comedy duo that features members, Hitoshi Matsumoto and Masatoshi Hamada. They first became a comedy duo in 1983 when they went on Yoshimoto Kōgyō: NSC (New Star Creation). They are known for acting on the television show, Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!! along with another comedy duo, Cocorico. Matsumoto is the boke of the duo and he will often put up with light physical abuse (it is also common for the tsukkomi to slap the boke on top of his head whenever he says something rude or ridiculous) from Hamada who is the tsukkomi. They have also created the televisions series, Downtown no Gottsu Ee Kanji, Downtown DX and Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ.

Other websites
Downtown's Official website 

Comedians
No Way Out was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on February 15, 2004 at the Cow Palace in Daly City, California. It was the 5th No Way Out event. Seven matches were scheduled on the event's card. The main event between Eddie Guerrero and Brock Lesnar was quoted by Kevin Sowers from PWTorch  as being "one to remember for a long time".

Background

Matches

Other websites 
The Official No Way Out Website
No Way Out at In Demand.com

2004 in professional wrestling
Sports in California
WWE No Way Out
2004 in California
2004 in American television
February events

es:WWE No Way Out#2004
László Bodnár (born February 25, 1979 in Mátészalka) is a Hungarian football defender. He is playing for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.

He started playing professional with VSC Debrecen in Hungary. From 2000 till 2003 he played for Dynamo Kiew and Arsenal Kiew in the Ukraine. 2003 he came to Roda JC Kerkrade and 2006 till 2009 to FC Red Bull Salzburg. 2009 he went back to Debrecen and played with the team in the UEFA Champions League group stage. After the year with Debrecen he found no new team but in 2011 he came back to FC Red Bull Salzburg. For Red Bull Salzburg he played 66 matches and scored only two goals but got a lot of assistance points.

László Bodnár played 22 times for the Hungarian football national team, one time he was the captain.

Honours
 FC Dynamo Kiev
Premier League: 2001, 2003
Runner-up: 2002
Ukrainian Cup: 2003
Runner-up: 2002
CIS Cup: 2002

 FC Red Bull Salzburg
Austrian Bundesliga: 2007, 2009
Runner-up: 2008

Debreceni VSC
Hungarian National Championship I: 2009–10
Hungarian Cup: 2009-10
Hungarian League Cup: 2010
Hungarian Super Cup: 2010

Other websites 
Homepage FC Red Bull Salzburg Laszlo Bodnar
Fangemeinschaft FC Red Bull Salzburg: Spieler Laszlo Bodnar

Hungarian footballers
1979 births
Living people
Bell's theorem, also called "Bell's inequality," is a thought experiment. When joined with real experiments, it shows there are no hidden variables which can explain some of the consequences of quantum mechanics. This study, closely related to quantum mechanics, was done by John Stewart Bell.

Brian Greene's analogy 
The following analogy has been provided by Brian Greene:
Pairs of boxes have been prepared and sent to Earth and on Vulcan. There is something inside that shows a light when a door is opened. If the same doors are opened on both members of the pair, then both lights will be blue or both lights will be red. What if different doors are opened? Maybe the chances that a red light or a blue light shows up were set by the maker of the boxes. Or maybe whether a red light or a blue light shows up depends on an individual coin flip in each box. How can we tell?

In a system that works the way quantum mechanics does, there is a 50% chance that opening any pair of doors (on the gray side, the white side, or the black side of each of the boxes in the schematic diagram) will give rise to a match. For instance, Earth could open the door in the gray side of its box, and Vulcan could open the door in the black side of its box. Quantum physics says that half the time they should get a match. But if the decision to produce a certain color for each of the doors opened is programmed into both boxes, then there is a 55% or greater chance of getting a match. 

Bell argues that because in actual experiments doing the equivalent of "opening different doors" only yields a 50% success rate, there can be no hidden variables in operation that would have "preselected" states for all six alternatives.

The analogy given here follows closely the one used by Brian Greene in The Fabric of the Cosmos, p. 107ff.

 References 

Bell J.S. 1964. On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox. Physics'', 1:195-200, reprinted in Bell 1987.

Quantum mechanics
Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (, ; 25 August 1900 – 22 November 1981) was a German Jewish scientist who became a naturalised British citizen. He was a physician and biochemist.

Krebs researched metabolism. He is famous because he discovered the urea cycle and the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs Cycle). Krebs won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this, in 1953.

Early years
Krebs was born in Hildesheim, Germany. His mother was Alma Davidson. His father was Georg Krebs. Georg Krebs was an ear, nose, and throat doctor.

Education
Krebs studied medicine at the University of Göttingen and the University of Freiburg from 1918–1923. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of Hamburg in 1925. Next, he studied chemistry in Berlin for one year. In Berlin, he helped Otto Warburg at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology until 1930.

Career
Krebs worked as a doctor  in the Altona hospital and at the University of Freiburg. At the University of Freiburg he researched the urea cycle.

Because he was Jewish, Krebs could not be a doctor in Germany. In 1933 he moved to England. He worked at Cambridge with Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins. In Cambridge he researched biochemistry. In 1945 he became a Professor (teacher) at the University of Sheffield.

In 1954 he became a professor in Oxford. After his retirement, Krebs continued work at the Radcliffe Infirmary until his death.  He was a fellow of Trinity College in Oxford.

Honors
In 1953 Krebs received the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the citric acid cycle". He was knighted in 1958. 

Krebs was elected Honorary Fellow of Girton College, Cambridge University in 1979.

Personal life 
In 1938, Krebs married Margaret Cicely Fieldhouse. They had three children: two boys and a girl.  His son John Krebs was an ornithologist (scientist who studies birds) and member of the House of Lords. His other son was called Paul. His daughter was Helen. 

Krebs died in Oxford, England in 1981.

Timeline
1900 Born in Germany
1918 Began medical school
1923 Graduated from medical school
1925 Graduated with Ph.D. from University of Hamburg
1932 Identification of Urea cycle
1933 Moved to the United Kingdom
1937 Identification of Citric acid cycle or "Krebs cycle"
1945 Became a Professor at University of Sheffield
1953 Won the Nobel Prize
1958 Knighted
1981 Died in Oxford, England

References

1900 births
1981 deaths
British biochemists
British Nobel Prize winners
Fellows of the Royal Society
German biochemists
German doctors
Jewish British academics
Jewish British scientists
Jewish German scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Knights Bachelor
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Gabriel Narutowicz (born 17 March 1865 – 16 December 1922) was a Polish politician. He was born it Telsze and died in Warsaw. The Minister of Foreign Affairs and first President of Poland. He was assassinated by a painter in an art gallery that supported Narutowicz's political enemies.  

1865 births
1922 deaths
Presidents of Poland
Mechanical advantage (also written as MA in formulas) is the factor by which a machine multiplies force. The mechanical advantage of a machine can be used to find out how well a machine works and whether it can perform a particular job.

The mechanical advantage of a machine is the ratio of the load (the resistance overcome by a machine) to the effort (the force applied). 

For an ideal (without friction) mechanism, it is also equal to:

There is no unit for mechanical advantages since the unit for both input and output forces cancel out.

Mechanics
The Center City Commuter Connection is an underground train tunnel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It connects the core SEPTA stations Jefferson Station, Suburban Station, and 30th Street Station. The stations connect the networks of rail previously operated by the Reading Railroad and Pennsylvania Railroad.

Transport in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
The Shaggs were an  American all-female rock group formed in Fremont, New Hampshire in 1968. The band was composed of sisters Dorothy "Dot" Wiggin (vocals/lead guitar), Betty Wiggin (vocals/rhythm guitar), Helen Wiggin (drums), and later Rachel Wiggin (bass).

The sisters' father, Austin Wiggin, made Dot, Betty and Helen start a band. When Austin was young, his mother had predicted that Austin would have daughters who would be part of a famous music group.

The band's only studio album, Philosophy of the World, was released in 1969. The album was not very well-known, though the band's live performances were popular in their local area. The Shaggs disbanded in 1975 after the death of Austin.

Helen Wiggin died in 2006. The widow of Austin Wiggin, Jr., Annie Wiggin, died in 2005.

Members
Dorothy "Dot" Wiggin — vocals, guitar (1968-1975, 1999)
Betty Wiggin — guitar, vocals (1968-1975, 1999)
Helen Wiggin (deceased) — drums (1968-1975)
Rachel Wiggin — bass guitar (1969-1975)
Tom Ardolino — drums (1999)

Discography

Studio albums
 Philosophy of the World (1969)

Collections
 Shaggs' Own Thing (1982)
 The Shaggs (1990 - includes all studio recordings)
 Rev-ola (2004 - imported repackaging of The Shaggs with same track listing)

Tribute albums
 Better Than The Beatles - A Tribute to the Shaggs (2001)

V/A compilations
 Songs In The Key of Z - The Curious Universe of Outsider Music (2000)

References	 
 Chusid, Irwin. Songs in the Key of Z: The Curious Universe of Outsider Music. (Chicago) A Cappella, 2000. .
 Guralnick, Peter. Da Capo Best Music Writing 2000. (New York) Da Capo Press, 2000. .

Notes

Other websites
 The Shaggs official website 
 
 My Pal Foot-Foot (unofficial site)
 Variety review of 2003 off-Broadway production Philosophy of the World, by Joy Gregory, based on the Shaggs
 Obituary for Helen Wiggin Bickford 

Musical groups established in 1968
Musical groups disestablished in 1975
1970s disestablishments in the United States
American pop music groups
American rock bands
Musicians from New Hampshire
1968 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in New Hampshire
Disestablishments in New Hampshire
Random forest is a statistical algorithm that is used to cluster points of data in functional groups. When the data set is large and/or there are many variables it becomes difficult to cluster the data because not all variables can be taken into account, therefore the algorithm can also give a certain chance that a data point belongs in a certain group.

Steps of the algorithm 
This is how the clustering takes place.

 Of the entire set of data a subset is taken (training set).
 The algorithm clusters the data in groups and subgroups. If you would draw lines between the data points in a subgroup, and lines that connect subgroups into group etc. the structure would look somewhat like a tree. This is called a decision tree.
 At each split or node in this cluster/tree/dendrogram variables are chosen at random by the program to judge whether datapoints have a close relationship or not. 
 The program makes multiple trees a.k.a. a forest. Each tree is different because for each split in a tree, variables are chosen at random.
 Then the rest of the dataset (not the training set) is used to predict which tree in the forests makes the best classification of the datapoints (in the dataset the right classification is known). 
 The tree with the most predictive power is shown as output by the algorithm.

Using the algorithm 
In a random forest algorithm the number of trees grown (ntree) and the number of variables that are used at each split (mtry) can be chosen by hand; example settings are 500 trees, 71 variables.

Randomised algorithms
Tomáš Vokoun (born 2 July 1976 in Karlovy Vary, Czechoslovakia) is an Czech retired professional ice hockey goaltender. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Montreal Canadiens, Nashville Predators, Florida Panthers, Washington Capitals and Pittsburgh Penguins. He was selected 226th overall by the Montreal Canadiens in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft. He also played for the Montreal Canadiens in 1996 and for the Nashville Predators from 1998 to 2006 before being traded to the Florida Panthers for a first-round selection in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft, a second-round selection in the 2007 draft (number 58) and a conditional second-round selection in either 2007 or 2008. After 4 seasons with the Panthers, Vokoun signed a one-year contract with the Washington Capitals on 2 July 2011. He played 1 season with the Capitals and was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins for a 7th round pick at the 2012 NHL Entry Draft. He also played in the ECHL with the Wheeling Thundbirds. He retired from playing professional ice hockey on 15 December 2014.

He won a bronze medal with the Czech Republic's national ice hockey team in 2006.

References

Other websites 

 
 

1976 births
Czech ice hockey goaltenders
Florida Panthers players
Living people
Montreal Canadiens players
Nashville Predators players
Olympic bronze medalists
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Washington Capitals players
American Hockey League players
ECHL players
Juno is a 2007 American teen comedy-drama movie set in Minnesota. It was written by Diablo Cody and directed by Jason Reitman. It starred Elliot Page as Juno MacGuff, a teenage girl who becomes pregnant by her best friend (who is played by Michael Cera). The movie made $231 million around the world.

Social impact
In the movie, Juno MacGuff thinks about getting an abortion and goes to an abortion clinic, but chooses not to. Both people who think abortion should be legal and people who think it should not be legal thought that the movie supported their views. Reitman said that he did not try to put a political message in the movie.

Reception
Juno got good reviews from most movie critics who saw it. 93% of the critics listed on RottenTomatoes.com gave the movie a good review. Juno won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.

References

2007 comedy-drama movies
2000s coming-of-age movies
2000s teen comedy movies
2000s teen drama movies
Academy Award winning movies
American comedy-drama movies
American coming-of-age movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen drama movies
BAFTA Award winning movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Minnesota
Teenage pregnancy in movies
American independent movies
Masatoshi Hamada (born May 11, 1963 in Naniwa-ku, Osaka) is an Japanese comedian, actor and director. Hamada is probably best known for being one-half of the comedy duo Downtown also with member Hitoshi Matsumoto. While apart of Downtown, Hamada and Matsumoto made two television shows, Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!! and Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ. He also voiced Japanese dubs of the characters Shrek in the Shrek series, Buck the Diesel in Thomas and Friends and Slowking in Pokémon: The Movie 2000. He is married to his wife Natsumi Ogawa and they have two children.

References

Other websites
Masatoshi Hamada's Official website 

1963 births
Living people
Japanese comedians
Japanese movie actors
Japanese television actors
Japanese voice actors
Japanese television personalities
People from Osaka
Youth in Revolt is a 2009 American comedy movie based on C.D. Payne's novel and directed by Miguel Arteta. It was released on January 8, 2010 at the Deauville American Film Festival in September 2009. The movie received positive reviews with a 69% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 63 out of 100 from Metacritic.

Cast 
Michael Cera as Nick Twisp/François Dillinger
Portia Doubleday as Sheeni Saunders
Jean Smart as Estelle Twisp
Mary Kay Place as Mrs. Saunders
Zach Galifianakis as Jerry
Justin Long as Paul Saunders
Ray Liotta as Lance Wescott
Steve Buscemi as George Twisp
M. Emmet Walsh as Phil Saunders
Jonathan Bradford Wright as Trent Preston
Erik Knudsen as Lefty
Adhir Kalyan as Vijay Joshi
Fred Willard as Mr. Ferguson
Ari Graynor as Lacey
Rooney Mara as Taggarty
Jade Fusco as Bernice Lynch
Lise Lacasse as Matron

Other websites 
Youth in Revolt's Official website
 

2009 romance movies
2009 comedy-drama movies
2000s romantic comedy movies
2000s romantic drama movies
2000s teen comedy movies
2000s teen drama movies
2000s teen romance movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen drama movies
American teen romance movies
English-language movies
Movies about families
Movies about virginity
Movies based on books
Movies set in the San Francisco Bay Area
Movies directed by Miguel Arteta
Axel Hugo Theodor Theorel (6 July 1903 – 15 August 1982) was an Swedish scientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1955 for his discoveries on the oxidation enzyme and its effects. 

Theorell died in Stockholm in 1982.

1903 births
1982 deaths
Swedish scientists
Werner Arber (born 3 June 1929) is a Swiss microbiologist and geneticist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1978 for his discovery of restriction endonucleases which he shared with Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith. 

Arber as one of 20 Nobel Laureates who signed the Stockholm memorandum at the 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability in Stockholm, Sweden on 18 May 2011.

References

1929 births
Living people
Swiss scientists
Microbiologists
Geneticists
Elliot Page (born February 21, 1987) is a Canadian actor. Page was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for his role in Juno, in which he played a pregnant teenager. Page has also starred in movies including Hard Candy, Whip It, and Inception.

Page is from Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Personal life
On February 14, 2014, Page came out as gay, and has been a well-known advocate of the LGBTQ community. He was married to dancer Emma Portner from 2018 to 2021. In December 2020, he came out as transgender and uses he/they pronouns.

References

1987 births
Living people
Canadian feminists
Canadian LGBT people
Canadian movie actors
Entertainers from Nova Scotia
LGBT feminists
LGBT actors
Transgender and transsexual people
The Seward Peninsula is a large peninsula on the western coast of the U.S. state of Alaska. It sticks out about  into the Bering Sea. It is just below the Arctic Circle. The peninsula is about  long and  wide.

The town of Seward, Alaska is actually not on the Seward Peninsula. It is much further south, on the Kenai Peninsula.

The Seward Peninsula was once part of the Bering land bridge. This was a strip of land that used to exist that connected Alaska with Siberia with mainland Alaska. It existed millions of years ago during a time called the Pleistocene Ice Age. People, animals, and plants all came across the land bridge into North America.  Archaeologists have found proof that Inupiat Eskimos have been living there for thousands of years.

Demographics 
The Peninsula does not have a lot of people today. There are no roads going there. The largest town is Nome. There are about 3,000 people there. The next largest town, Shishmaref, has only 607 people. Most of the other towns there have only a few hundred people. Some old mining towns there have no people left at all and have become ghost towns.

Geography and ecology
The Devil Mountain Lakes are on the Seward Peninsula. They are a kind of lake called a maar which is made by a volcano. The Devil Mountain Lakes are the biggest lakes like this in the whole world. There are four mountain ranges on the peninsula, the biggest ones are the Kigluaik (or Sawtooth) Mountains. The highest point on peninsula is the peak of  Mount Osborn. Other mountain ranges on the Seward Peninsula include the Bendeleben Mountains, Darby Mountains, and York Mountains. There is also a big lava flow called The Lost Jim Lava Flow. Several hot springs are located throughout the peninsula as well.

The Seward Peninsula has several rivers. The rivers are important to the people who live there for several reasons. One reason is that they can catch fish to eat in them. Another reason is that they can travel by boat since there no roads. That way they can get to other towns on the river or to places where there are animals to hunt. Finding food is important there because there are not a lot of stores and it costs a lot of money to take food that far in an airplane or boat. The rivers freeze in the wintertime.

The most common kind of tree there is called a black spruce. It is a kind of pine tree.

Cape Prince of Wales is on the Peninsula. No other part of the mainland of North America is further west. It is only  from Russia.

The peninsula was named after William H. Seward. He was the United States Secretary of State made the deal with Russia to let the United States buy Alaska from them in 1867.

References 

Geography of Alaska
Ramon Harewood (born February 3, 1987 in St. Michael, Barbados) is an Barbadian-American football offensive tackle for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). Harewood was drafted out of Morehouse College by the Baltimore Ravens with the 194th overall pick in the 6th round of the 2010 NFL Draft.

Websites
Ramon Harewood at baltimoreravens.com 

1987 births
Living people
Harewood, Ramon
American football offensive tackles
Barbadian sportspeople
The President of the Swiss Confederation is the head of state and head of government of Switzerland.  The president is the chief executive of the Federal Council of Switzerland and is the most senior member of the executive branch of the Swiss government.

Role
Under the Swiss constitution of 1999, the Federal Council is the "highest executive authority".  Although the president of the confederation has some extra duties to represent Switzerland, he is not the head of state.

All decisions are that a head of state would make are decided by a meeting of the Federal Council. For example, treaties are signed on behalf of the Federal Council, and all members of the federal council sign the "letters of credence"  to introduce ambassadors sent by Switzerland to a foreign country.  All  ambassadors sent by a foreign country to Switzerland meet all of the members of the Federal Council, not just the President.  

The President of the Confederation is sometimes called the "primus inter pares" (first equal) in the Federal Council.

Only three other countries in the world do not have one person as a head of state, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Andorra and San Marino.

List of presidents of the Swiss Confederation

1848-1900
Jonas Furrer 

Henri Druey  

Josef Munzinger  

Jonas Furrer  

W.M. Naeff  

Friedrich-Frey Herose  

Jonas Furrer  

Melchior Josef Martin Knusel  

Jakob Stampfli  

Constant Fornerod  

Jakob Dubs  

Karl Schenk  

Melchior Josef Martin Knusel  

Constant Fornerod  

Jakob Dubs  

Karl Schenk  

Emil Welti  

J.J. Scherer  

Emil Welti  

Joachim Heer  

Karl Schenk  

Bernard Hammer 

Emil Welti  

Numa Droz  

Simeon Bavier  

Louis Ruchonnet  

Emil Welti  

Adolf Deucher  

Numa Droz  

Wilhelm Hertenstein  

Bernard Hammer 

Louis Ruchonnet  

Emil Welti  

Walter Hauser  

Karl Schenk  

Emil frey  

Josef Zemp  

Adrien Lachenal  

Adolf Deucher  

eugene ruffy   

Eduard Muller

1900–1999

2000–present 
Political parties

References
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells. Biological decoding is done by the ribosome. This links amino acids together in an order specified by mRNA. It uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA. The molecules read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. These nucleotide triplets are called codons. A codon specifies which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis. There are some exceptions, but usually a three-nucleotide codon represents a single amino acid.

The genetic code among all organisms is very similar. It can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries.

The genetic code decides the protein sequence for a given coding region (gene). Other regions in the genome can influence when and where these proteins are produced.

Related pages 
 Stop codon

References

Other websites 
 The Genetic Codes → Genetic Code Tables

Molecular biology
Genetics
Altricial, meaning "requiring care", refers to a group or kind of creature that is incapable of moving around on its own soon after hatching or being born. The word is derived from the Latin root alere meaning "to nurse, to rear, or to nourish", which means that young has to be taken care of for a long time before it can overcome its helplessness.

Birds or mammals which need much less care after birth are called precocial, meaning they are precocious.

References

Other websites 
 The altricial-precocial spectrum in birds
Developmental biology
Biological reproduction

fr:Nidicole
nl:Nestblijver
Glen Matlock (born 27 August 1956) is the first bassist of the British punk group Sex Pistols.

He left the group in 1977, because he "liked the Beatles", legend being "thrown out". Matlock was replaced by John Ritchie, also known as Sid Vicious.

In May 2010 it was announced that Matlock would be a member of a reunion of The Faces, scheduled to play at the Vintage at Goodwood festival in London in August 2010.

1956 births
Living people
Bassists
Sex Pistols
Cockfosters is a London Underground station on the Piccadilly Line. It is the line's northern terminus. The station is on Cockfosters Road (A111), and is about 9 miles from central London. The station serves Cockfosters in the London Borough of Barnet, but it is actually a short distance away, across the borough boundary in the neighbouring London Borough of Enfield. The station is in Travelcard Zone 5. The next station southeast is Oakwood.

References

Other websites
London Transport Museum Photographic Archive 

Early sketch design by Charles Holden , 1931, Royal Institute of British Architects

Piccadilly line stations
Tube stations in the London Borough of Enfield
Grade II listed buildings in London
Grade II listed railway stations
Railway stations opened in 1933
Charles Holden buildings
1933 establishments
1930s establishments in the United Kingdom
Publius Papinius Statius ( 45 – 96 A.D.) was a Roman poet born in Naples, Italy. Published in 92 A.D., his major epic was called Thebaid. It has the same theme as the Seven Against Thebes, a play by Aeschylus, the fight of seven city states against Thebes. He also wrote poems for different occasions. These poems are known as Silvae today. They show what the life at the court of Domitian was like. Even though he is not well-known today, he was better known during his time. He also appears in The Divine Comedy.

References 

40s births
96 deaths
Poets
People from Naples
Ancient Roman writers
The 2011 Myanmar earthquake was a 6.8 magnitude earthquake on March 24 in Shan State, Myanmar. Its hypocenter was  deep. It had two aftershocks, one of magnitude 4.8, another at magnitude 5.4. The quake's epicenter was  from the northern Thai city of Chiang Rai, north of Mae Sai and southeast of Kentung.

Casualties
The Bangkok Post reported on 27 March 2011, that the death toll was "over 150", which is double the official figure of 75.

References 

2011 earthquakes
2011 in Asia
History of Myanmar
2010s earthquakes in Asia
20,000 Leagues Under the Sea is a 1954 movie directed by Richard Fleischer. It is about a man who goes on a discovery all over the world with Captain Nemo. It stars Kirk Douglas as Ned Land, James Mason as Captain Nemo, Paul Lukas as Professor Pierre Aronnax, and Peter Lorre as Conseil. It was the first science fiction movie produced by Walt Disney Productions. It was the only science fiction movie produced by Walt Disney himself. It was also the first feature length Disney movie to be distributed by Buena Vista Distribution. The movie has become the best-known adaptation of the book of the same name by Jules Verne. It is cited as an early example of the steampunk genre.

Other websites

1954 movies
Disney movies
American science fiction movies
American family movies
Movies based on books by Jules Verne
Movies with underwater settings
Movies directed by Richard Fleischer
English-language movies
Linda Evans (born November 18, 1942) is an American actress.

Career 
Born Linda Evenstad in Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.. She began her career making appearances in television series The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet (1960), Outlaws (1962), The Untouchables (1962). And in 1963 a small role in the movie starring Richard Chamberlain
Twilight of Honor (1963), directed by Boris Sagal. 

She shot to fame starring in the role of Audra Barkley's daughter Barbara Stanwyck in ABC TV Western series The Big Valley. Was unusual that two women staged a western. The series was also starring by Lee Majors, Peter Breck and Richard Long. 

Evans played Audra Barkley in 112 episodes between 1965 and 1969.

In the 70s Linda Evans is co starring in The Klansman (1974), with Lee Marvin - Richard Burton, and directed by Terence Young. And in the action movie starring by Joe Don Baker, Mitchell (1975), directed by Andrew V. McLaglen.

In 1980 she co-star and with Steve McQueen in the Western Tom Horn, directed by William Wiard

Dynasty 
The best role of her career would come in 1981, playing Krystle Carrington wife of billionaire oil tycoon Blake Carrington, John Forsythe in the ABC TV series Dynasty (1981-89).  

The series was a success and one of the shows most ratings in American television and the world. 

Linda Evans in 1982 won a Golden Globe as best performance by an Actress in a TV-Series - Drama. 
Then again be nominated for a Golden Globe, on four occasions 1983, 1984, 1985 and 1986

Linda was also nominated for an Emmy in 1983.

Filmography

References 

The Dynasty years: Hollywood television and critical media studies by Jostein Gripsrud

New York Magazine Nov 22, 1982

Other websites

 
 
 Linda Evans infomercial for Rejuvenique 
 
 

1942 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Hartford, Connecticut
Steven Hill born Solomon Krakovsky February 24, 1922 – August 23, 2016 was an American actor.

Career 

Hill was a founder member of the Actor's Studio in 1947. He made his first movie, A Lady Without Passport, in 1950.  In 1952 he reenlisted into the US Navy for two years, and then began concentrating on his acting.  In 1955 he co-starred with Kim Stanley and Lloyd Bridges, The Goddess directed by John Cromwell.

In 1961 a play had caused Hill to rexamine his religion, and he began to follow Orthodox Judaism.  As a result he refused to work on Friday evenings or Saturdays, the Jewish Sabbath, and he had to give up his stage career.

In 1966. he  played the role of Daniel Briggs in the CBS TV series Mission Impossible. Briggs was the leader of I.M.F. Steven Hill left the series after one season and was replaced by Peter Graves.  Hill had refused to work extra time or reshoot scenes on Sabbath.  He also took time every day to pray three times.  After leaving Mission Impossible, Hill left acting for 10 years, and moved to a Jewish community in Rockland County, New York where he worked in writing and real estate. 
 
Among his works in the 1970s, he played a role in the Abby Mann miniseries "King" (1978) based on the life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr..

The 1980's brought a lot of work to Hill. He performed in movies such as Eyewitness (1981), directed by Peter Yates, Yentl (1983), starring and directed by Barbra Streisand, Garbo Talks (1984) directed by Sidney Lumet, Raw Deal (1986) with Arnold Schwarzenegger, Legal Eagles (1986), with Robert Redford and Heartburn (1986) with Jack Nicholson.

Law & Order 

His best known role is that of District Attorney Adam Schiff, in the NBC TV series Law & Order. He played the character of the District Attorney for 230 episodes, between 1990 and 2000.

In 2011, he had a special participation in Law & Order: Special Victims Unit.

For Law & Order, Hill was nominated for an Emmy in 1998 and 1999.

Death
Hill died in Monsey, New York of cancer on August 23, 2016, at the age of 94.

Filmography

References 

Series de culto: el otro Hollywood, by Abdessamed Sahali

Other websites

1922 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in New York
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Jewish American actors
Actors from Seattle, Washington
Sir Peter Brian Medawar OM CBE FRS (28 February 1915 – 2 October 1987) was a British biologist.

His work was important to skin grafts and organ transplants. 

Transplants of skin  and organs from other people are usually rejected. This is an action by the immune system. Medawar showed that sometimes this reaction can be avoided, and why. 

He worked on graft rejection and the discovery of acquired immune tolerance. He was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, with Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet. 

Until he was partially disabled by a stroke, Medawar was Director of the National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill, London.

Achievements 
Medawar was professor of zoology at the University of Birmingham (1947–51) and University College London (1951–62). In 1962 he was appointed director of the National Institute for Medical Research, and became professor of experimental medicine at the Royal Institution (1977–83), and president of the Royal Postgraduate Medical School (1981–87). Medawar was a scientist of great inventiveness who was interested in many other subjects including opera, philosophy and cricket. 

He was knighted in 1965, and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1981.

Outcome of research 
Medawar was awarded his Nobel Prize in 1960 for work in tissue grafting, which is the basis of organ transplants. He and his team discovered acquired immunological tolerance.

At birth, babies are protected by antibodies from the mother. During embryonic life and immediately after birth, immune cells develop. They 'learn' to distinguish between their own tissues on the one hand, and unwanted cells and foreign material on the other.

Medawar's work resulted in a shift of emphasis in the science of immunology from one that attempts to deal with the fully developed immunity mechanism to one that attempts to alter the immunity mechanism itself. Various ways have been found to suppress the body's rejection of organ transplants.

Books 
His books include 
The uniqueness of Man, which includes essays on immunology, graft rejection and acquired immune tolerance;
Induction and intuition in scientific thought;
The art of the soluble, a book of essays, later reprinted in Pluto's Republic;
Advice to a young scientist;
Aristotle to Zoos: a philosophical dictionary of biology. (with his wife Jean Shinglewood Taylor) Oxford & Harvard. 
The limits of science;
Memoirs of a thinking radish, an autobiography. Oxford. 1986

Obituaries

References 

1915 births
1987 deaths

British zoologists
Order of Merit
Knights Bachelor
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
Fellows of the Royal Society
Autobiographers
British Nobel Prize winners
Immunologists
Joe Don Baker (born February 12, 1936) is an American actor.

Career 
He began his career as a guest on TV series Honey West (1965), Judd for the Defense (1967), and Bonanza (1968) among other. Her first major role was in the western movie, Guns of the Magnificent Seven (1969), starring with George Kennedy

Baker is known for starring in emblematic action movie in the '70s as Walking Tall (1973), which plays the incorruptible sheriff Buford Pusser of Tennessee, the movie was one of the most violent in the '70s and launched Baker star in action movies.
 
His second movie Charley Varrick (1973), was directed by Don Siegel. Here he plays a hired killer who should be responsible for eliminating Charley Varrick played by Walter Matthau
 
In the 1980 Baker appeared on television and movies as The Natural (1984), Final Justice (1985), The Abduction of Kari Swenson, TV (1987), and the TV series In the Heat of the Night (1989) as Chief Tom Dugan.

In 1992 he starred as Claude Kersek in charge of guarding Sam Bowden; Nick Nolte, in Cape Fear (1991), with Robert De Niro and directed by Martin Scorsese.

He also worked in the James Bond movies The Living Daylights (1987), GoldenEye (1995) and Tomorrow Never Dies (1997). 

One of his last jobs was at The Dukes of Hazzard (2005), Baker as Governor Jim Applewhite. 

1967 episode Judd For the Defense. Character: Meryl Varney

References

 Joe Don Baker fansite (Defunct prior to 1/10)
Joe Don Baker Tribute (Defunct prior to 1/10)

1936 births
Living people
Actors from Texas
Actors who played Bond villains 
American movie actors
American television actors
Princess of Orange is the title (name) used for the women who were married to the Ruling Princes of Orange in the time between 1171 to 1815. Since 1815, it was also used for the wives of the heirs to the Dutch throne, who were titled Prince of Orange. The only woman who became a Princess of Orange without being married to a Prince of Orange was Marie, Princess of Orange (1393-1417). Together with her husband John, Prince of Orange (1393-1418), they governed the land. 

Because the title Prince of Orange was only used for 'the eldest son of the King' (the crown prince), Dutch crown princesses did not get the title. There were no "oldest sons" for a few generations, and so the title was not used since 1877. Because Dutch law was changed in 1983 to include "oldest daughters of the King", Catharina-Amalia, the next Princess of Orange became the first Dutch Princess of Orange in her own right once her father, Prince Willem-Alexander, became King of the Netherlands.

Princesses of Orange

House of Baux

House of Châlon-Arlay

House of Nassau

House of Orange-Nassau

As personal and courtesy title

House of Orange-Nassau

Source
PROVENCE
Baux 3

Orange
The Finke River is one of the largest rivers in central Australia. It starts in the MacDonnell Ranges in the Northern Territory. it is formed where Davenport and Ormiston Creeks join together, just north of Glen Helen. The Finke River flows about 600 km to the western edge of the Simpson Desert in northern South Australia. Usually the river is a collection of waterholes, but it can become a raging torrent during rare flood events. In a big flood water from the Finke River can flow into the Macumba River, and then into Lake Eyre, a total distance of about 750 km. Major tributaries include Ellery Creek, and the Palmer and Hugh Rivers. The Finke River flows through the West MacDonnell and Finke Gorge National Parks.

The Finke River was named by John McDouall Stuart in 1860 after William Finke, an Adelaide man, who was one of the people who paid part of the cost of his expeditions. The indigenous name for the river in parts of the Northern Territory is Larapinta. Larapinta Drive is a road which runs west from Alice Springs, and the Larapinta walking trail.

Age of the Finke River
The Finke River has been called "the oldest river in the world", particularly by tour operators, and in popular books and brochures. In places such as the James Range, the Finke flows through deeply incised meanders  (see Google Maps image). Because meanders only form on flat plains, the river must have formed before the ranges were pushed up. This happened in a mountain building event known as the Alice Springs Orogeny which happened between 400 and 300 million years ago, in the Devonian to Carboniferous Periods. Some parts of the river’s course must have been already in existence around this time. The southern parts of its course must be much younger because the areas where the Finke now flows near the southern edge of the Northern Territory, and further south, were under the sea during the Mesozoic Era, part of the Great Artesian Basin.

The age of the Finke River is not unique. There are other large mountain-sourced river systems in central Australia including the Todd and Hale Rivers where the mountains were formed at the same time. There are other mountain ranges of equal or greater age to the MacDonnell Ranges, both in Australia and on other continents. The rivers in those areas may have evolved from ancestral streams of the same age or older than the Finke.

References 

Rivers of the Northern Territory
Rivers of South Australia
Anna van Egmont (Grave, March 1533 – Breda, 24 March 1558) was a member of an important and rich Dutch family. She was the first wife of William the Silent, Prince of Orange. 

She was the only child of Maximiliaan van Egmond and Françoise de Lannoy. She was also Countess of Lingen and of Leerdam, and Lady of IJsselstein, of Borssele, of Grave, of Cranendonck, of Jaarsveld, of Kortgene, of Sint Maartensdijk, and of Odijk. Because she was the only child, she also got the title of Countess of Buren and Lady of Egmond. 

In 1551 she married William the Silent in Buren. Because she was the Lady of Egmond and Countess of Buren, he became Lord of Egmond and Count of Buren. They had three children:

 Countess Maria von Nassau (22 November 1553 – after 23 July 1555), died when she was very young.
 Philip William, Prince of Orange (19 December 1554 – 20 February 1618), married Eleonora of Bourbon-Condé
 Countess Maria of Nassau (7 February 1556 – 10 October 1616), married Count Philip of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein, one male child

Anna died when she was only 25 years old. She was buried in Breda.

1533 births
1558 deaths
Princesses of Orange
House of Orange-Nassau
House of Egmond
Earls and countesses
Central Mount Stuart is a mountain in the south of the Northern Territory, Australia. It can easily seen from the nearby Stuart Highway, which is about 6 km away. The mountain is made from dark red sandstone.

The mountain is named after the explorer John McDouall Stuart who reached the area on 22 April 1860. He worked out that a point about 4 km (2.5 miles) south-southwest of the mountain was the centre of Australia. Modern geographers do not agree with this and now place the centre at Finke.

Stuart climbed to the top on 23 April 1860, writing in his journal: 
"Took Kekwick and the flag, and went to the top of the mount, but found it to be much higher and more difficult of ascent than I anticipated...Near the top of the cone I placed a small bottle, in which there is a slip of paper, with our signatures to it, stating by whom it was raised. We then gave three hearty cheers for the flag, the emblem of civil and religious liberty, and may it be a sign to the natives that the dawn of liberty, civilization, and Christianity is about to break upon them."

The slip of paper was found in 1871 by John Ross during the building of the Australian Overland Telegraph Line. It is now in the Library of South Australia.

Stuart called the mountain Central Mount Sturt, after his former expedition leader Charles Sturt. The name was changed on a suggestion from the Governor of South Australia, Sir Richard MacDonnell. This happened soon after Stuart's return to Adelaide at the end of the expedition. Central Mount Stuart is the name that was printed in the published expedition journal.

References

Other websites
 Image of Central Mount Stuart on Google Maps

Mountains of the Northern Territory
Louise de Coligny (Châtillon-sur-Loing, 23 September 1555 – Fontainebleau, 13 November 1620) was the fourth wife of Prince William the Silent. She was the daughter of an important French Protestant leader, Gaspard de Coligny.

Marriage
She married Charles de Téligny when she was 16 years old in 1571. He was a Protestant diplomat who was also friendly with the French king Charles IX. Both her father and her husband were killed during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572. 

In 1583 she (27) married William the Silent in Antwerp. She became the Princess of Orange. Their son Frederik Hendrik was born on 29 January 1584. On the 10th of July that year, William was shot by catholic Balthasar Gerards and died.

Later years
She stayed in the Netherlands with her 6 stepdaughters. In 1619, she asked her stepson Maurits to stop the execution of high-placed Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, but he did not listen. She then left Holland and went to France where she (65) died in 1620. On 24 May 1621, she was buried in the crypt of the House of Orange-Nassau in the New Church in Delft.

House of Orange-Nassau
Princesses of Orange
1555 births
1620 deaths