cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Walter Stewart (1292–1327) a Scottish nobleman and knight, he was the 6th hereditary High Steward of Scotland. He was also the father of King Robert II of Scotland.

Biography

Walter was born in 1292. He was the son of James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland and Gilles (or Egidia) de Burgh. Walter was one of the Scottish leaders at the Battle of Bannockburn. Just before the battle began Walter along with his cousin James Douglas, Lord of Douglas were knighted by King Robert the Brucealong with many others. Both he and James Douglas were both leaders of the left battalion in the battle. He took part of all the Wars of Scottish Independence between Robert the Bruce and Edward II of England.

The king sent Walter to bring home his wife Queen Elizabeth and daughter princess Marjory from Berwick. They had been held prisoner by the English for eight years. Walter then married the princess Marjory.

During the king's absence in Ireland the High Steward and Sir James Douglas managed government affairs and spent time defending the Scottish Borders. Upon the capture of Berwick-upon-Tweed from the English in 1318 he was placed in command of the town. On 24 July 1319 the town was attacked by King Edward II of England. Several of the siege engines were destroyed by the Scots' garrison and the Steward suddenly rushed in force from the town to drive off the enemy. In 1322, with Douglas and Thomas Randolph, he made an attempt to surprise the English King at Byland Abbey, near Malton, Yorkshire. Edward, however, escaped, pursued towards York by The Steward and 500 horsemen.

Walter, Steward of Scotland, made a charter to John St. Clair, his valet, of the lands of Maxton, Roxburghshire, circa 1320/1326, one of the witnesses being "Roberto de Lauwedir  (Robert de Lauder) tunc justiciario Laudonie" (Justiciar of Lothian).

Family and issue
Walter married, in 1315, Marjorie, only daughter of Robert I of Scotland by his first wife Isabella of Mar. The Lordship of Largs, taken from John Balliol, was given to Walter by Robert the Bruce, who also gave him the Farme Castle lands in Rutherglen as well as other lands and the barony of Bathgate, Linlithgowshire. Walter and Marjorie had one son:
 Robert II of Scotland

Walter later married Isabel de Graham, daughter of Sir John Graham of Abercorn and Mary of Strathearn. They had three children:
 John Stewart of Ralston
 Andrew Stewart
 Egidia Stewart. She married first, James Lindsay of Crawford. She married second Hugh Eglinton of Ardrossan and third to James Douglas of Dalkeith.

Notes

References

Further reading
 Dunbar, Sir Archibald H., Bt., Scottish Kings, a Revised Chronology of Scottish History, 1005 - 1625, Edinburgh, 1899, pps: 126 - 144.
 Weis, Frederick Lewis, et all, The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, 5th edition, Baltimore, 2002, p. 50.

1290s births
1327 deaths
House of Stuart
Signatories to the Declaration of Arbroath
Scottish nobility
Grace Lee Boggs (June 27, 1915 – October 5, 2015) was an American author. She protested inequality against women and smaller racial groups.  She was known for her years of political work with C.L.R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya in the 1940s and 1950s.

Early life 
Boggs was born in Providence, Rhode Island. Her parents were Chin Lee and Lin Yan Lee. She was raised in Queens, New York City. Boggs studied at Barnard College and at Bryn Mawr College.

She met her husband, James Boggs at a major newspaper, where she was given a job to check the newspaper for errors. James Boggs was an African American auto worker and writer.

Contributions 
Boggs and her husband focused on black rights. In 1970, they started The National Organization for an American Revolution. The organization helped stop the population of Detroit, Michigan from leaving by supplying food and building connections between neighborhoods. They started food banks and helped start groups that stopped the turn off of power sources.

After her husband’s death in 1993, Boggs started her own programs.  In 2013, she started the James and Grace Lee Boggs School, which is a charter school for the kids of Detroit.

By 1998, she had written four books, along with a book about herself. In 2011, she wrote a fifth book, The Next American Revolution: Sustainable Activism for the Twenty-First Century, co-written by Scott Kurashige and published by the University of California Press.

Boggs died in Detroit, Michigan at the age of 100. Many people grieved the death of Grace Lee Boggs, including the United States president at the time, Barack Obama.

References

Other websites

The Boggs Center Home Page
Grace Lee Boggs interviewed on Democracy Now!, January 20, 2008
Grace Lee Boggs interviewed by Bill Moyers, June 15, 2007
Boggs on the Financial Meltdown and Social Change - video report by Democracy Now!
"The Only Way to Survive is By Taking Care of One Another" - video report by Democracy Now!

1915 births
2015 deaths
American centenarians
American feminist writers
People from Providence, Rhode Island
Writers from Queens
Färjestads BK is an ice hockey club in the town of Karlstad in Sweden. The club was established on 10 November 1932 a bandy club. It adopting the game of ice hockey in 1956.

Färjestads BK won the Swedish national championship in 1981, 1986, 1988, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2009 and 2011. They also lost the national finals in 1976, 1977, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1990, 1991, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2014.

References

Other websites

 Official website

Farjestads BK
Farjestads BK
Karlstad
Mohamed Siddiq El-Minshawi (, 1 January 1920 – 20 June 1969) was an Egyptian Qur'anic reciter. He was born in Suhaaj. He was the son of Siddiq El-Minshawi and the brother of Mahmoud El-Minshawi, who is also a famous reciter and a well known scholar of the Qur’an in Egypt, Cairo.

Background 
Muhammad Siddiq El-Minshawi has become a household name across the Muslim world. He traveled to many countries outside of his homeland, including Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Palestine (Al-Aqsa Mosque), Saudi Arabia and Syria. He helped children with the Quran.

He was significantly influenced by his father, Muhammad Siddiq El-Minshawi, also a protégé of Mohamed Salamah, a famous reciter of the 20th century. He studied the rules of recitation under Ibrahim As-Su'oodi at a young age.

1920 births
1969 deaths
Egyptian Muslims
Quran reciters
Cook County is a county in the American state of Illinois. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County. Los Angeles County, California is the only county with a higher population than Cook County.

About 5,231,000 people live in Cook County. This is 40.6 percent of all the people who live in Illinois. Cook County's population is more than the population of 29 U.S. states. More people live in Cook County than in the seven smallest U.S. states combined.  There is a tax on canned beverages in Cook County.

References

Other websites

 Cook County History Pages 

 
1830s establishments in Illinois
1831 establishments in the United States
The 2010 Brooklyn/Queens tornadoes were a severe weather event that happened in the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens in New York City. Two tornadoes touched down in Park Slope, Brooklyn and Flushing, Queens. It happened between 5:37 PM to 5:57 PM EDT on September 16, 2010. The tornadoes were the second to hit New York City that year, after a tornado that hit Queens on July 25. The stronger of the two tornadoes hit Flushing and was rated an EF1 with winds of up to 100 mph.

The thunderstorm hit New York City during the evening rush hour. It brought strong winds, heavy rain, and hail. The strong winds brought down over 30,000 trees and power lines. In addition to the tornadoes, a macroburst hit Middle Village and Forest Hills in Queens. The macroburst had heavy rain and strong winds of up to 125 mph.

References

Other websites
New Yorkers Document the Storm - New York Times

2010 in New York (state)
2010s in New York City
Brooklyn
Queens (New York City)
Tornadoes in the United States
September 2010 events
In America, a soccer mom is a middle-class woman in the suburbs who spends a lot of time taking her school-aged children to sports events and other activities. The soccer mom often drives a minivan, SUV or station wagon. Soccer moms are often completely involved and coach their children from the sidelines.The term soccer mom dates back to the early or mid 1980s. The term became more popular when newspapers began using it a lot in 1994 or 1995. It became very popular around 1996, when politicians were constantly using it during the presidential election of 1996, including then-President Bill Clinton.

Everyday life
American culture
Milo Đukanović (; born 15 February 1962) is a Montenegrin politician. He has been the country's President since 2018. Đukanović has previously served as Prime Minister four times, from 1991 to 1998, from 2003 to 2006, from 2008 to 2010 and from 2012 to 2016. He also served as President from 1998 to 2002. Đukanović is the leader of the Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro.

References

1962 births
Current national leaders
Living people
Presidents of Montenegro
Prime Ministers of Montenegro
Juvénal Habyarimana (8 March 1937 – 6 April 1994) was the second President of Rwanda. He was president for almost twenty years, from 1973 until 1994. During his government, he favoured his own ethnic group, the Hutus. He was nicknamed "Kinani", a Kinyarwanda word meaning "invincible". Habyarimana was a dictator. He was suspected to have cheated in all of his elections.

On 6 April 1994, he was killed when his airplane was shot down close to Kigali. It was also carrying the President of Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira. His assassination caused tensions between Hutus and Tutsis to worsen, and helped start the Rwandan Genocide. Within 100 days, somewhere between 800,000 and 1 million Rwandans were massacred.

References

Other websites

1937 births
1994 deaths
African politicians
Assassinated people
Aviation deaths
Presidents (government)
Roman Catholics
Rwandan people
Aralkum is the name of a new desert that has appeared in the area that was once occupied by the Aral Sea. It lies south an east of what remains of the Aral Sea.

Deserts of Asia
Geography of Kazakhstan
Geography of Uzbekistan
A maternal bond means the connections that often happen during pregnancy issues and childbirth, or between women and unrelated children, such as with adoptions. Maternal bonds are influenced by hundreds of emotional, mental and physical issues. Some new mothers do not bond instantly, however.

Everyday life
Family
Relationships
Carcharhinidae, also known as the requiem sharks, is a family of sharks in the order Carcharhiniformes. There are currently 52 species of requiem sharks which are grouped into 12 genera. Some of the most familiar species in this family are the lemon shark, the blue shark, the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the whitetip reef shark.

Requiem sharks are found throughout temperate and tropical oceans with many species found worldwide. Some live in the open ocean (oceanic whitetip shark), while some live in freshwater rivers and lakes (Bull shark). 
All species of requiem sharks have a head of normal shape, eyes with a nictitating (winking) membranes, caudal fins with the upper lobe being quite larger than the lower but not very long, 2 spineless dorsal fins, the first one usually much larger than the second in most of the Atlantic species, an anal fin, a caudal peduncle which doesn't have lateral keels, and sharp, bladelike teeth with a single cusp. 

Almost all species of requiem sharks have a similar diet consisting of fish, octopus, marine mammals and seabirds. Since of their similar looks, it is usually hard to tell one species from another.

Genera
thumb|right|250px|A Lemon shark 
thumb|right|250px|A Tiger shark 
thumb|right|250px|A Blue shark 
thumb|right|250px|A Whitetip reef shark 
There are currently 12 genera of the family Carcharhinidae:
 Galeocerdo
 Scoliodon
 Carcharhinus
 Glyphis
 Lamiopsis
 Nasolamia
 Negaprion 
 Prionace
 Rhizoprionodon
 Loxodon
 Isogomphodon
 Triaenodon

References

Sharks
Clostridium is a genus of bacteria.  Clostridium bacteria are obligate anaerobes, which means they do not need oxygen to grow.

Clostridium bacteria are shaped like rods.  The name "Clostridium" comes from the Greek word kloster (κλωστήρ), which means "spindle."

Clostridium bacteria are gram-positive and can produce endospores.

Important species 
There are many different species of Clostridium bacteria.  Some of these species can cause serious illness.

Clostridium botulinum 
Clostridium botulinum bacteria make a toxin called botulinum. When botulinum toxins get into food or wounds, they cause botulism, a dangerous disease.  Botulism can paralyze the muscles (stop the muscles from moving or working).  People can die from botulism if their breathing muscles get paralyzed.  This makes them unable to breathe.

Most cases of botulism happen because people eat meat that was not cooked well enough, or eat canned food that was not canned properly.

If babies under age one eat natural honey, they can get infant botulism.  Most adults and older children can eat natural honey without getting sick.  In healthy people, the intestines are filled with good, healthy bacteria. Usually, these regular bacteria keep Clostridium botulinum under control. Infants do not have enough of these good bacteria to be able to eat honey safely.

Sometimes doctors use botulinum toxins to treat medical problems.  There are medicines, like Botox, which contain botulinum toxin. Some people get Botox treatments when they have wrinkles in the face.  When it is injected into the forehead, Botox paralyzes the muscles in the face, and makes the face look smoother.

Clostridium difficile 
Clostridium difficile bacteria can cause bad diarrhea and serious illness. Usually, people get Clostridium difficile infection after they have taken antibiotic medicines.  These medicines can kill the healthy bacteria that normally live in the intestines and keep Clostridium difficile bacteria under control. Clostridium difficile infection can be spread from person to person, and is getting more common in hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care facilities. Just in the United States, 14,000 people die every year from Clostridium difficile infection.

Clostridium difficile is an antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This means that many antibiotic medicines cannot kill the bacteria. This makes Clostridium difficile infection difficult to treat.

Clostridium tetani 
Clostridium tetani causes tetanus.  Usually, people get tetanus when they get a cut or wound, and Clostridium tetani bacteria get into the wound. At first, tetanus causes the muscles in the jaw to spasm (tighten). (Tetanus is often called "lockjaw" because the jaw muscles spasm so badly that the jaw seems "locked.") This can make it difficult to swallow. As tetanus gets worse, other muscles in the body get stiff and spasm.

Tetanus immunization can keep people from getting tetanus.

References 

 
Gram-negative bacteria
Ron Moody (born Ronald Moodnick; 8 January 1924 – 11 June 2015) was a British actor, composer, singer and writer. He was known for his roles in Murder Most Foul (1964), Summer Holiday (1963), Oliver! (1968), and in The Twelve Chairs (1970). He won a Golden Globe Award for his role in Oliver! in 1968.

Biography 
Moody was born on 8 January 1924 in Tottenham, London, England. He was raised in Hornsey, England. Moody studied at Southgate County School and at London School of Economics. His father was of Russian Jewish descent and his mother was a Lithuanian Jew. Moody married Therese Blackbourn in 1985. They had six children. 

Moody died in hospital on 11 June 2015, aged 91.

References

Other websites

 
 Ron Moody's Official Charitable website 
 

1924 births
2015 deaths
Actors from London
Alumni of the London School of Economics
English composers
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Jewish British actors
People from Tottenham
Singers from London
Writers from London
Qari Abdul Basit 'Abd us-Samad (1927 – 30 November 1988; ) was a well known Qari (reciter of the Quran). As such, many modern reciters try to copy his style. He is the only Qari to have won three world Qirat competitions in the early 1970s. 'Abd us-Samad was one of the first Hafiz to make commercial recordings of his recitations, and the first president of the newly formed Reciters' Union in Egypt. He is best known for his recitation of Sura Al-Fatiha, the first chapter of the Qur'an, and an important sura in the five daily Islamic prayers. His mother was an Egyptian Arab and his father was of Kurdish descent

Early life
Abdul Basit was born in a village called Armant, in southern Egypt.

In 1950, he came to Cairo where Muslims in many mosques were touched by his recitations. On one happening, he was reciting verses from Sura al-Ahzab (The Confederates) he was requested to recite for longer than 10 minutes by his audience, and continued to recite for over an hour and a half, his listeners were captured by his mastery of pitch, tone and the rules of tajweed (Qur'anic recitation).

Travels
'Abd us-Samad travelled outside Egypt, in 1961, he recited at the Badshahi Masjid, in Lahore, Pakistan. In 1987, whilst on a visit to America, 'Abd us-Samad related a story from one trip he made to the Soviet Union, with then Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser. 

'Abd us-Samad was asked to recite for some leaders of the Soviet party. 'Abd us-Samad remembered that four to five of his listeners from the Communist Party were in tears on hearing the recitation, although they didn't understand what was being recited, but they cried, apparently touched by his recitation.  

Indira Gandhi, an Indian prime minister and political leader always felt touched by his recitation and would stop alongside to appreciate his recitation.

'Abd us-Samad died on 30 November 1988, and is survived by his three sons (from oldest to the youngest): Yasir, Hisham, and Tariq. Following his father's footsteps, Yasir has also become a "Qari"

Other websites
 Abdul Basit Abdul Samad
 Golestane Quran 
 Everymuslim 
 Nice Quran Recitation Website
 Abdul Basit Abdul Samad

1927 births
1988 deaths
Egyptian Muslims
Quran reciters
Qāri', or "reader", is a person who recites the Qur'an with the proper rules of recitation. 

Although it is encouraged, a reciter (Qari) does not necessarily have to memorise the Qur'an, just to recite it with proper rules.

Examples
 Qari Abdul Basit
 Qari Minshawi

These Qaris have memorized the whole Quran. Qari means a Muslim who memorized the whole Quran.

References 

 
Islam
Mario Doyon (born August 27, 1968 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a Canadian retired ice hockey defenceman that played a total of 28 games in the NHL.

Before he played in the NHL, Doyon played 3 seasons in the QMJHL with the Drummondville Voltigeurs. He was drafted #119 overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1986 NHL Entry Draft. Doyon played 7 games with the Chicago Blackhawks and 22 games with the Quebec Nordiques. He last played for the Corpus Christi Rayz of the Central Hockey League. He has also played roller hockey with the Montreal Roadrunners of the Roller Hockey International.

He currently plays coaches the Indiana Jr Ice U-16 hockey team which his son Drew Doyon plays on.

References

Other websites 

1968 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Drummondville Voltigeurs players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Living people
Sportspeople from Quebec City
Quebec Nordiques players
Jonathan R. Bass (November 25, 1830 - September 13, 1892) was an American sideshow attraction. His stage name was The Ossified Man. He was born in New York State. Rheumatism led to the ossification of his joints, tendons, and muscles in his teen years. His sideshow career began in 1887 at Niagara Falls. He toured the United States. He died in New York City in 1892.

Early years
Bass was born in Cambria in western New York State. He was the eldest of three brothers. He appeared perfectly normal in his very early years. As a child and a teenager however, a series of rheumatism attacks left him unable to walk without crutches and canes.

Middle years
Eventually, Bass became completely ossified. The rheumatism led to akylosis of his joints, tendons, and muscles. They turned to bone. Things got worse. In 1869, he lost his eyesight. He had to eat by sucking food up and swallowing it whole. When his mother died in 1872, a brother began taking care of him.

In 1887, Bass began his show biz career at Niagara Falls. He then worked his way across the United States. In spite of his disabilities, Bass remained cheerful. He parted with his manager after a dispute about his cut of the take.

Last years and death
Bass died of a fever and pneumonia while performing in Huber's Museum in New York City. The family refused an autopsy. Bass was buried in an ironclad vault to deter grave robbers from making off with the body.

An article in a 1908 issue of Scientific American accused a careless museum attendant of causing Bass's death by letting the man fall to the pavement while being lifted from a carriage.

References
 Hartzman, Marc. 2005. American Sideshow. Penguin. Unpaged.

1830 births
1892 deaths
American sideshow attractions
Isaac W. Sprague (May 21, 1841 - January 5, 1887) was an American sideshow attraction. His stage name was The Skeleton Man. He also appeared as The Living Skeleton and The Original Thin Man.  He was born in Massachusetts. Doctors were puzzled when he began losing weight rapidly in his teens. He joined a sideshow in 1865, then got a job at P. T. Barnum's American Museum in New York City in 1868. He married and had three healthy sons. He died penniless in Chicago, Illinois in 1887.

Early years
Sprague was born in East Bridgewater, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Sprague, a shoemaker, and his wife, Betsey Sprague. He was a normal child who spent much time swimming. At 12 years, he began to lose weight quickly. His appetite was healthy. Sprague blamed the swimming for his weight loss, but doctors were puzzled.

Middle years
Sprague worked in his father's shoemaking business and later in his father's grocery store. The more weight Sprague lost, the weaker he grew. After his parents died, he was too weak to work and was forced to leave his job. 

In 1865, a sideshow passed through town. He declined a job offer with the troupe, but reconsidered and joined the show. He appeared as The Living Skeleton or The Original Thin Man. He went to New York City and got a job in P. T. Barnum's American Museum at $80 a week. Sprague's job ended when the museum burned to the ground in 1868.

Last years 
Sprague married Tamar Moore, and sired three healthy boys upon her. He returned to work with Barnum and other showman. At age 44, Sprague stood five feet six inches, and weighed only 44 pounds. Physicians decided he suffered from extreme muscular atrophy.  He died penniless in Chicago, Illinois in 1892.

References

Notes
 Hartzman, Marc. 2005. American Sideshow. Penguin. Unpaged. 

1841 births
1887 deaths
Entertainers from Massachusetts
American sideshow attractions
Andrea Lynn Evans (born June 18, 1957) is an American actress. She works mostly on television soap operas. She played Rebecca Hotchkiss in the soap opera Passions, and Tawny in the series The Bold and the Beautiful. Evans was born in Aurora, Illinois.

American television actors
Actors from Illinois
1957 births
Living people
People from Aurora, Illinois
The Wild Men of Borneo was a sideshow attraction. The Wild Men were midget brothers Hiram and Barney Davis. Hiram (1825–1905) was born in England. His brother Barney (1827–1912) was born on Long Island, New York State.

The two were mentally deficient, but physically strong. They each stood about 42 inches tall and weighed about 40 pounds. In 1852, showman Lyman Warner discovered them, and bought the two from their widowed mother.

Warner named them Waino and Plutano. The two capably acted their parts as The Wild Men of Borneo. They talked gibberish, lifted male audience members, or wrestled to show their muscles. They recited poems they had been taught. When Lyman Warner died in 1871, his son Hanford managed the brothers.

In 1880, Waino and Plutano were managed by P. T. Barnum. Under his direction, The Wild Men of Borneo became one of the most famous sideshow attractions in the world. The two earned $200,000 over their lifetimes.

In 1893, the promotional booklet What We Know About Waino and Plutano, Wild Men of Borneo described their 1848 "capture" and the Wild Men as hardly above the social level of "orang-outangs of a like size".

The brothers' sideshow days ended in 1903 when Hiram fell ill. They moved to Massachusetts. Hiram died in 1905 and Barney in 1912. The two are buried in Mount Vernon, Ohio.

References

Other websites
 Wild Men of Borneo at The Human Marvels

1825 births
1827 births
1905 deaths
1912 deaths
19th-century American sideshow performers
Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck-Boldt (born August 12, 1975) is an American actor and director. He is the younger brother of Ben Affleck.

He played Morgan O'Mally in Good Will Hunting, Virgil Malloy in the Ocean's Trilogy and Patrick Kenzie in Gone Baby Gone. He portrayed Robert Ford in The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.

In 2017, Affleck won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Manchester by the Sea.

Early life
Affleck was born in Falmouth, Massachusetts. He is the second son of Christine Anne "Chris" (née Boldt), a school district employee and teacher, and Timothy Byers Affleck, a drug counselor, social worker, janitor, auto mechanic, bartender, and former actor with the Theater Company of Boston. Affleck is three years younger than his brother Ben. He has English, Irish, German, Scottish, French, Swiss, Northern Irish (Scotch-Irish), Welsh, and Swedish ancestry. He is a tenth cousin, once removed, of actor Matt Damon, through a common New England ancestor. He was raised in a mostly Episcopalian family. As a child, he had numerous pets, including cats, snakes, guinea pigs and turtles. Affleck went to George Washington University and later transferred to Columbia University in New York City, where he majored in physics, astronomy, and Western philosophy, but never graduated.

References

Other websites

Official website 

Best Actor Academy Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
1975 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Episcopalians
Actors from Massachusetts
Linda Thorson (born Linda Robinson on 18 June 1947) is a Canadian actress. She acts mostly on television. She played Tara in the British television action show The Avengers. Thorson was born in Toronto, Ontario.

Canadian television actors
1947 births
Living people
People from Toronto
Snuff is the fifth single from the album All Hope Is Gone by metal band Slipknot. It was released on September 28, 2009.

The song reached #2 on Billboard's Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks. It was the last single that was released from the band before the death of their bassist, Paul Gray. Vocalist Corey Taylor performs an acoustic version of the song as a tribute to Paul Gray during Stone Sour shows.

The song was nominated for Best Single at the Kerrang! Awards 2010, but it lost to "Liquid Confidence" by You Me at Six.

References

Slipknot songs
2009 songs
The term social movement refers to action by groups, individuals or organizations focusing over political or social matters. In particular, the movement wants to resist or undo certain change. A reform movement is one seeking to change laws and normals. Trade unions represent rights to abortion, LGBT and workers rights.

Related pages
Activism
Anti-nuclear movement
Anti-war movement
Lobbying

References

Everyday life
Politics
Tanycolagreus is a genus of coelurosaur theropod from the Upper Jurassic of North America.

The fossil holotype  was donated to science by an anonymous benefactor. It is part of the collection of Thanksgiving Point Institute, and displayed in the North American Museum of Ancient Life at Lehi, Utah. It includes an incomplete skull and mandible (lower jaws) and much of the postcranial skeleton, i.e. the parts behind the head. The size of this specimen suggests a size in life of about 3.3 meters (11 feet) long.

Habitat 
The fossil was found in the Morrison Formation, where originally there was a great variety of life. This environment  a savannah with many rivers. Along the rivers were conifer forests, with  ginkgos, cycads, tree ferns, and horsetails rushes. 

Insects were very similar to modern species, with termites building 30 m (100 ft.) tall nests. Along the rivers, there were fish, frogs, salamanders, lizards, crocodiles, turtles, pterosaurs, crayfish, clams, and monotremes (prototherian mammals, the largest of which was about the size of a rat). The dinosaurs were most likely along the rivers as well. Hundreds of dinosaur fossils have been discovered.

According to radiometric dating, the Morrison Formation dates from 156.3 ± 2 million years old (mya) at its base, to 146.8 ± 1 mya at the top, so it lasted just under 10 million years.

Phylogeny
Carpenter and his co-workers said that this genus most closely resembles Coelurus, though it has some more "primitive" features. Although a 2007 analysis suggested it was a basal Tyrannosaur, later work showed once again its basal position in the Coelurosauria.

References 

Jurassic dinosaurs
Coelurosaurs
Saint Catherine's Monastery is a monastery in Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. It is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Other websites 

 Official Website of the Holy Monastery of St. Catherine at Mount Sinai
 Saint Catherine Area/ World Heritage Listing on UNESCO's Website
 Saint Catherine Foundation

Archaeological sites in Egypt
World Heritage Sites in Africa
Byzantine Empire
Monasteries
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Arabian Desert is a desert in western Asia. It is on most of the Arabian Peninsula. It covers . Most people are Arabs. The main language is Arabic, and the main religion is Sunni Islam.

The countries in the Arabian Desert are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, the UAE, Oman, and Yemen.

Animals that live here are gazelles, oryx, sand cats, and spiny-tailed lizards. Very few animals live in the Rub' al Khali in the middle of the desert.

Other websites

Deserts of Asia
My Old Man is a music hall song. It was written in 1919 by Fred W. Leigh and Charles Collins. Marie Lloyd made the song popular.

Chorus
The chorus is known the most:
   My old man said "Foller the van,
   And don't dilly dally on the way".
   Off went the van wiv me 'ome packed in it,
   I followed on wiv me old cock linnet.
   But I dillied and dallied, dallied and I dillied
   Lost me way and don't know where to roam.
   Well you can't trust a special like the old time coppers
   When you can't find your way 'ome.

References and notes

Other websites  
 Full song lyrics

20th-century songs
Televiziunea Română (TVR) is the national television system of Romania. It is made up of many channels (important channels of TVR : TVR1, TVR2, TVR3, TVR HD). It broadcasts most official and important international events. It started in the year 1956.

References

Other websites

 TVR official website
  Six TVR journalists accuse censorship (Ziua, 8 December 2004)

1956 establishments in Europe
Television networks
Romania
20th-century establishments in Romania
Sam Alexander (ca. 1920s-1997) was a 20th-century sideshow attraction. His stage name was The Man with Two Faces. As a young man and an employee of the Schubert Theater in Chicago, Illinois, his carelessness with a lit cigarette caused a gasoline explosion that burned off his face. 

After a year in hospital and then a stay in a nursing home, Alexander began wearing a mask and joined a Peter Kortes sideshow. Alexander would tell his story to the audience then remove his mask. It was a shocking exhibition. Alexander was made the blow off for the show.

Alexander went on to work with Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey. At Madison Square Garden in the 1960s, ladies were so shocked by his face he was ordered off the stage. He later worked with the Clyde Beatty Circus. He later started his own sideshow company. Alexander had 72 operations throughout his life to repair his face, all were unsuccessful. Eventually, he decided the remaining years of his life were not best spent behind the mask. He died in 1997.

References
 Hartzman, Marc. 2006. American Sideshow Penguin. pp. 112-113.
 Sideshows: Sam Alexander
 The Human Marvels: Sam Alexander
 Top 10 Famous Side Shows & Peculiar Performers: Sam Alexander

1920s births
1997 deaths
American sideshow attractions
Quetiapine (better known as Seroquel) is an antipsychotic drug used to treat bipolar disorder and unipolar major depression, though it is used off-label for anxiety problems, Tourette syndrome and autism issues. The side effects of Quetiapine include fatigue, dry mouth and being sleepy. The medication is sometimes used for PTSD.

References

Drugs
Drugs used in psychiatry
Miriam Bryant (born in Gothenburg, Sweden on 8 March 1991) is a Swedish-Finnish singer and songwriter.

Albums
 Raised in Rain (2013) (N12 in Sweden)

Singles
 "Finders, Keepers" (2012)
 "Raised in Rain" (2012)
 "Push Play" (2013) (N13 in Sweden) 
 "Find You" (2014) Zedd ft Matthew Koma and Miriam Bryant
 "Dragon" (2014) (N44 in Sweden)

References

1991 births
Living people
People from Gothenburg
Pop musicians
Swedish singers
County Tipperary () is a county of Ireland. County Tipperary is in the province of Munster. It is named after the town of Tipperary. The area of the county is in two halves, North Tipperary and South Tipperary. The population of the county as a whole is 158,754, according to the 2011 Irish Census.

Tipperary
Munster
Anthony John "Tony" Soprano is an Italian-American fictional character on The Sopranos. He is a troubled crime boss struggling to balance his family life and career in the Mafia. Soprano is also a crime boss for many criminal organizations. He was played by James Gandolfini. Soprano was born in Newark, New Jersey. Gandolfini's performance as Soprano made him famous. Entertainment Weekly listed him as the 42nd Greatest TV Icon of All Time.

References

Fictional American people
Fictional criminals
Fictional people with antisocial personality disorder
New Jersey
Television characters
Westwood (nicknamed "The Hub of the Pascack Valley") is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Westwood was officially incorporated as a borough on May 8, 1894. Actors James Gandolfini and Robert Sean Leonard. are from Westwood.

References

Other websites

 Borough of Westwood official website
 Westwood Regional School District 
 Data for the Westwood Regional School District, National Center for Education Statistics
 Westwood Chamber of Commerce website
 Westwood NJ HandyGuide 
 Westwood Heritage Society 
 Westwood United Methodist Church 

Settlements in New Jersey
Robert Calvin "Bobby" Bland (January 27, 1930 – June 23, 2013), also known as Bobby "Blue" Bland, was an American singer of blues and soul. He was an original member of the Beale Streeters, and was sometimes referred to as the "Lion of the Blues". Along with such artists as Sam Cooke, Ray Charles, and Junior Parker, Bland developed a sound that mixed gospel with the blues and R&B.

Bland was an African-American who was born on January 27, 1930 in Rosemark, Tennessee. He was raised in Memphis, Tennessee. Bland died on June 23, 2013 in Germantown, Tennessee from an illness. He was 83 years old. After his death, his son told news media that Bland had recently discovered that musician James Cotton was his half-brother.

References

Other websites
 Bobby Bland discography
 Bobby Bland  at Wenig-Lamonica Associates
 Bobby Blue Bland at AuthenticBlues.com  

1930 births
2013 deaths
African American musicians
American blues musicians
American soul musicians
Deaths from natural causes
Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee
Singers from Memphis, Tennessee
American soul singers
Richard Wilson Riley (born January 2, 1933) is an American politician. He was United States Secretary of Education under President Bill Clinton. He was the 111th Governor of South Carolina. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Riley was born on January 2, 1933 in Greenville, South Carolina. He studied at Furman University and at the University of South Carolina. Riley is currently married to Ann Yarborough. They had four children.

Other websites
SCIway Biography of Richard Wilson Riley
NGA Biography of Richard Wilson Riley 
 U.S. Department of Education Bio
 The Political Graveyard
 CNN AllPolitics – Players – Richard Riley
 Nelson, Mullins, Riley, and Scarborough Biography 
 Richard W. Riley College of Education and Leadership
 The Riley Institute 
 Furman University

1933 births
Living people
Lawyers from South Carolina
American Methodists
Governors of South Carolina
People from Greenville, South Carolina
United States Secretaries of Education
US Democratic Party politicians
Pablo Cimadevila Alvarez (born December 12, 1978 in Pontevedra) is a swimmer from Spain.  Back in 1982 when Pablo was only four-years-old, he faced a severe car accident. Due to which he becomes paraplegic. Later, Cimadevila took swimming classes and decided to pursue a career as a swimmer. He is an S6 type swimmer.  

Cimadevila won his first Bronze Medal in Men's 200meter freestyle back in 1991. Similarly, in 1998 he won a Gold Medal in Men's 4x50 m freestyle relay. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the 200 meter individual medley.  He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He finished third in the 4×50 meter medley relay 20 pts race. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He finished third in the 200 meter individual medley  race and third in the 4×50 m medley 20 points race. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.

In 2010, he raced at the Tenerife International Open.

In 2014 Pablo established a jewelry company named Cimadevila Designs. He has a jewelry brand named Kamikaze Jewels.

References 

Spanish swimmers
Living people
1978 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2000 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S6
Galician people
People from Pontevedra
Pablo Corral Embade (born January 25, 1972 in A Coruña) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is an B2/S12 type swimmer.  He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics.  He finished second in the 50 meter freestyle.

References 

Spanish swimmers
Living people
1972 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
1996 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S12
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
People from A Coruña
The Fresh Kills Landfill was a landfill located in Staten Island, New York City. It was opened in 1947 as a temporary landfill. The area used to be a swamp. It became New York City's main landfill in the second half of the 20th century. At one time, it was the largest man-made structure in the world. It was closed in 2001.

At the height of its service in the 1960s, the contents of 20 barges, each having 650 tons of garbage, were added to the landfill every day. By 2001, the landfill was larger than the Statue of Liberty.

After the September 11 attacks, the landfill was used to sort one third of the debris from the World Trade Center site. Around two million tons of debris from the site was taken to the landfill for sorting.

The site of the landfill will become the Freshkills Park. Construction on the park began in 2008. It will be larger than Central Park. Construction on the park will last 30 years.

References

Other websites
 Freshkills Park Blog
 Staten Island Landfill: Fresh Kills 

1947 establishments in the United States
2001 disestablishments in the United States

Staten Island
1940s establishments in New York (state)
Rupert's Land is a historical territory. Most of it is in Canada today, but some is in the United States. Originally, the Hudson’s Bay Company owned it. It is named after Prince Rupert of the Rhine.  who was the first head of the company. Charles II of England issued the lease, which gave the company a monoply over all fur trading along the rivers of the territory. In 1821, the company united with the North West Company from Montreal. North-Western Territory was added to the sphere of influence of the company. In 1869, the company sold its rights to both territories to the Canadian Dominion, which was the predecessor of modern-day Canada. In 1870, the Manitoba Act created the Canadian province Manitoba. Rupert's land was split: Parts of it were added to Saskatchewan, Alberta, Ontario and Quebec. In 1818, the border between Canada and the US was defined along the 49th latitude.  This means that part  of Rupert's land today make up the states Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana and South Dakota. In addition, Rupert's land is an ecclesiastical province of the Anglican Church of Canada. It is also the name of an Anglican diocese in Manitoba.

Historical territories of Canada
Carcharhinus is one of the 12 genera of the requiem shark family, Carcharhinidae.

Like all members of the family, they have round eyes, and the pectoral fins are completely behind the five gill slits. Most species are viviparous: the young are born fully developed.

Species 
There are currently 34 known species of the Carcharhinus genus: 
 Blacknose shark, Carcharhinus acronotus
 Silvertip shark, Carcharhinus albimarginatus
 Bignose shark, Carcharhinus altimus
 Graceful shark, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides
 Grey reef shark, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
 Pigeye shark, Carcharhinus amboinensis
 Borneo shark, Carcharhinus borneensis
 Copper shark, Carcharhinus brachyurus
 Spinner shark, Carcharhinus brevipinna
 Pacific smalltail shark, Carcharhinus cerdale
 Nervous shark, Carcharhinus cautus
 Coates' shark, Carcharhinus coatesi
 Whitecheek shark, Carcharhinus dussumieri
 Silky shark, Carcharhinus falciformis
 Creek whaler, Carcharhinus fitzroyensis
 Galapagos shark, Carcharhinus galapagensis
 Pondicherry shark, Carcharhinus hemiodon
 Finetooth shark, Carcharhinus isodon
 Smooth tooth blacktip shark, Carcharhinus leiodon
 Bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas
 Blacktip shark, Carcharhinus limbatus
 Oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharhinus longimanus
 Hardnose shark, Carcharhinus macloti
 Carcharhinus macrops
 Blacktip reef shark, Carcharhinus melanopterus
 Dusky shark, Carcharhinus obscurus
 Caribbean reef shark, Carcharhinus perezii
 Sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus
 Smalltail shark, Carcharhinus porosus
 Blackspot shark, Carcharhinus sealei
 Night shark, Carcharhinus signatus
 Spot-tail shark, Carcharhinus sorrah
 Australian blacktip shark, Carcharhinus tilstoni
 Carcharhinus tjutjot

References 

Sharks
Melissa Ivy Rauch (born June 23, 1980) is an American actress and comedian. She works mainly on television. She plays Bernadette in the television sitcom The Big Bang Theory. Rauch was born in Marlboro Township, New Jersey.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from New Jersey
1980 births
Living people
In mathematics a holomorphic function is a function that is defined on the complex numbers, and that can be differentiated everywhere where it is defined. Differentiating the function again leads to a function defined on the complex numbers. In older literature, these functions are sometimes called regular. 

Holomorphic functions show a number of properties function defined on real numbers do not have.

Functions and mappings
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (which is known as SNAP) is a food assistance program in the United States. It supplies food for no-income or low-income people. Hot foods are not included. The program was originally called Food Stamp Program. It was renamed in 2008 through farm bills. The term EBT is often used.

During fiscal year 2012, close to $75 billion for assistance in food was distributed. As of September 2012, almost 48 million people received benefits. The average amount was less than $135 per month. Some states get more food assistance than other states.

Food and drink
United States Department of Agriculture
The Antonov An-2 is a Sovie airliner & cargo aircraft. It was designed and built after World War II. It is a biplane. It can carry between nine and eleven passengers. NATO calls it Colt. It was built under licence in China as Y-5. It is a single-engine aircraft.

Variants 
 Antonov An-3 

Soviet & Russian aircraft
Civil aircraft
Military aircraft
The Juvenile Miscellany was a 19th-century American bimonthly children's magazine published in Boston, Massachusetts between 1826 and 1836.  It was founded by Lydia Maria Child. Publishers varied over the years, but the original publisher was John Putnam. Sarah Josepha Hale edited the magazine as a monthly between September 1834 and April 1836.

History
The magazine was founded in 1826 by Lydia Maria Child. She supervised its bimonthly publication between September 1826 and August 1834. Child's interest in abolitionism and the publication in 1833 of her antislavery book, An Appeal in Favor of that Class of Americans Called Africans, led to Child being socially shunned. Subscriptions to the magazine dropped off. Child left her editorial position. 

Child wrote in the magazine to child readers when leaving the magazine in 1834: "After conducting the Miscellany for eight years, I am now compelled to bid a reluctant and most affectionate farewell to my little readers. May God bless you, my young friends, and impress deeply upon your hearts the conviction that all true excellence and happiness consists in living for others, not for yourselves. ... I intend hereafter to write other books for your amusement and instruction; and I part from you with less pain, because I hope that God will enable me to be a medium of use to you, in some other form than the Miscellany."

Content  
The magazine's content emphasized middle class Protestant values. It featured poems, stories, puzzles, and informative articles. The magazine was didactic. It provided amusement and imparted moral lessons while avoiding the piety so common in children's literature of the period. 

The magazine was ground-breaking. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Children's Literature writes, "The calm security of the lives of the children in the stories, the affection they receive, and their childishness were something new in American writing." 

The writers who contributed to its pages included Eliza Leslie, Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Lydia Huntley Sigourney, Hannah Flagg Gould, Sarah Josepha Hale, Caroline Howard Gilman, and Anna Maria Wells.  Child herself contributed  as "Aunt Maria".

Response
The magazine was hugely popular. Within four months of its debut, the magazine had 850 subscribers. While stories stressed the Protestant ethic, they were never boring. Caroline Healy Dall wrote in the Unitarian Review in 1883:"No child who read the Juvenile Miscellany ... will ever forget the excitement that the appearance of each number caused. ... The children sat on the stone steps of their house doors all the way up and down Chestnut Street in Boston, waiting for the carrier. He used to cross the street, going from door to door in a zigzag fashion; and the fortunate possessor of the first copy found a crowd of little ones hanging over her shoulder from the steps above. ... How forlorn we were if the carrier was late!"

Notes

References
 

19th-century American children's magazines
19th-century monthly magazines
Magazines published in Boston, Massachusetts
Defunct magazines of the United States
Papaoutai is a song by Stromae, a singer from Belgium. It was released digitally in Belgium on May 13th, 2013, peaking to number 2 in Belgium and number 15 in France.

Music Video
The video was released on June 6th on Youtube, with a length of three minutes and fifty three seconds.

Charts

Weekly Charts

References

2013 songs