cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mase was a municipality of the district of Hérens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Mase, Nax and Vernamiège were combined to make the new municipality of Mont-Noble.

References

Former municipalities of Valais
Nax is a former municipality of the district of Hérens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Nax, Mase and Vernamiège merged into the new municipality of Mont-Noble.

Other websites

 Official website of Nax 

Former municipalities of Valais
Saint-Martin is a municipality of the district Hérens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

Villages
Saint-Martin, Eison, La Luette, Liez, Praz-Jean, Suen and Trogne.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Valais
Ventilation is the introduction of fresh air, usually from the outside, into a space, while sending stale air back out. Fans and pumps, vent grates and air flow tunnels are common in these structures.

The simplest systems are called “natural ventilation,” which usually means that they get their airflow through vents opening to the outside. Mechanical systems are more popular for industry. Mechanical systems are able to regulate other things, including temperature, relative humidity, and oxygen levels.

Uses
Fresh air prevents issues like mold and bacteria growth, as well as the spread of disease. It helps eliminate dust, which can lead to cleaner living standards. Single rooms can sometimes be ventilated by opening a window or door, but this isn’t as successful for larger structures.

Ventilation usually collaborates with heating and cooling systems, but not always and they aren’t only limited to buildings. Vehicles frequently have ventilation systems that control air circulation and air quality.

History
In ancient Persia, structures called windcatchers were built to create natural ventilation. These structures are a traditional method in Persia. They became very popular and are still in use across the Middle East.

References 

Buildings and structures
Gwendolyn L. "Gwen" Ifill (; September 29, 1955 – November 14, 2016) was an American journalist, television newscaster, and author. She was the moderator and managing editor of Washington Week and co-anchor and co-managing editor, with Judy Woodruff, of PBS NewsHour, both of which air on PBS. 

Ifill was a political analyst and moderated the 2004 and 2008 American vice-presidential debates. In 2016, she moderate the New Hampshire Democratic Primary debate between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton.

She was the author of the best-selling book The Breakthrough: Politics and Race in the Age of Obama.

Ifill died of endometrial cancer while under hospice care in Washington, D.C. on November 14, 2016, at age 61.

References

Other websites

 Gwen Ifill at PBS NewsHour
 Gwen Ifill at Washington Week

1955 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Washington, D.C.
Deaths from endometrial cancer
American television news anchors
American journalists
Writers from New York City
Leon Russell (born Claude Russell Bridges; April 2, 1942 – November 13, 2016) was an American musician and songwriter. He recorded as a session musician and sideman. He had a solo career. He had 31 albums to his credit and recorded about 430 songs.

He wrote the song "Delta Lady", recorded by Joe Cocker. He also organized Cocker's "Mad Dogs and Englishmen" tour in 1970. More than 100 artists have recorded his "A Song for You" (1970).

Russell produced and played in recording sessions for Bob Dylan, Frank Sinatra, Ike & Tina Turner, the Rolling Stones, and others. He wrote and recorded the hits "Tight Rope" and "Lady Blue". In 2011 he was added into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and introduced by longtime friend Elton John.

Russell died in his sleep at his home in Nashville, Tennessee, on November 13, 2016 from heart failure while recovering from heart surgery, at the age of 74.

References

1942 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Deaths from heart failure
American singer-songwriters
American country singers
American country guitarists
American rock guitarists
American rock singers
American folk singers
American blues musicians
American pianists
People from Lawton, Oklahoma
Musicians from Oklahoma
Singers from Oklahoma
Singers from Nashville, Tennessee
Musicians from Tennessee
Ricardo Antonio "Ricky" Rosselló Nevares (born March 7, 1979) is a Puerto Rican college professor, scientist, and politician. He was the Governor of Puerto Rico and President of the New Progressive Party.

In mid-July 2019, Rosselló faced controversy after his phone messages were leaked which revealed homophobic messages, plans to create troll accounts for Facebook, evidence of corruption and death threats towards Mayor of San Juan Carmen Yulín Cruz. In July 21, he announced that he would not seek re-election in 2022. On July 24, Rosselló announced his resignation on August 2.

Notes

References

1979 births
Living people
Governors of Puerto Rico
US Democratic Party politicians
People from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Charles Wesley Turnbull (born February 5, 1935), was the 27th Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands serving from 1999 through 2007. During his tenure as governor, Turnbull served as a member of the National Governors Association, the Southern Governors' Association, and the Democratic Governors Association.

References

1935 births
Living people
Governors of the United States Virgin Islands
US Democratic Party politicians
Pedro "Teno" Pangelinan Tenorio (April 18, 1934 – May 21, 2018) was a Northern Mariana Islander politician. He was the second and fifth elected Governor of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. With 12 years in office, Tenorio is the longest-serving Governor in CNMI history.

Tenorio died on May 21, 2018 at the Commonwealth Health Center in Saipan of complications from a stroke at the age of 84.

References

1934 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Governors of the Northern Mariana Islands
US Republican Party politicians
Paul McDonald Calvo (born July 25, 1934) is an Guamanian politician. He was the third elected Governor of Guam from January 1, 1979 to January 3, 1983. He is a member of the Republican Party. 

Calvo was born in Agana, Guam. He studied at Santa Clara University. His son, Eddie Calvo, was elected governor of Guam in 2011.

References

Other websites
 Paul M. Calvo Bio at Guampedia, Guam's Online Encyclopedia

1934 births
Living people
Governors of Guam
US Republican Party politicians
Carlos Garcia Camacho (November 16, 1924 – December 6, 1979) was a Guamanian politician and member of the Republican Party. He served as the last appointed Governor of Guam from 1969 to 1971 and the first elected Governor of Guam from 1971 to 1975.

Camacho died on December 6, 1979 in Tamunimg, Guam from a heart attack, aged 55.

References

1924 births
1979 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Governors of Guam
US Republican Party politicians
Carlos Sablan Camacho (born February 27, 1937) was the first elected Governor of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, a commonwealth of the United States. He served as governor from January 9, 1978 through January 11, 1982. He was a member of the  Democratic.

Camacho was born in Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands. He studied at the University of Hawaii and at the Fiji School of Medicine.

References

1937 births
Living people
Governors of the Northern Mariana Islands
US Democratic Party politicians
Peter Tali Coleman (December 8, 1919 – April 28, 1997) was an American politician. He was the first person of Samoan descent to be appointed Governor of American Samoa and later became the territory's first popularly elected governor. 

He was a member of the Republican Party, he is the only U.S. governor whose service spanned five decades (1956–1961, 1978–1985 and 1989–1993) and one of the longest-serving governors of any jurisdiction in American history.

Coleman died in Honolulu, Hawaii on April 28, 1997 from complications of liver cancer, aged 77.

Other websites
 Obituary in the Honolulu Star-Bulletin 
 New York Times: Peter Coleman, 77, Governor of American Samoa 
 Honolulu Advertiser: Nora Stewart Coleman, 85, former first lady of American Samoa 

1919 births
1997 deaths
Deaths from liver cancer
Governors of American Samoa
US Republican Party politicians
Aifili Paulo Lauvao (December 24, 1919 – August 1, 2002) was an American politician. He served twice as governor of American Samoa from 1985 through 89 and again from 1993 through 1997. He was the founder of the U.S territory's Democratic Party. He had a long career in the legislature and the judiciary in American Samoa.

Lutali was born in Aunu'u Island, American Samoa. He was elected to the American Samoa House of Representatives in 1955 and served as its speaker from 1955 through 1958. Lutali died on August 1, 2002 from complications of a stroke at a hospital in Pago Pago, American Samoa, aged 82.

Other websites
 Rulers.org

1919 births
2002 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Governors of American Samoa
US Democratic Party politicians
Katherine Laverne Starks (July 21, 1922 – November 3, 2016), known as Kay Starr, was an American pop and jazz singer. She was popular in the 1940s and 1950s. She is best remembered for introducing two songs that became #1 hits in the 1950s, "Wheel of Fortune" and "The Rock And Roll Waltz".

Starr died on November 3, 2016 at her home in Beverly Hills, California from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 94.

References

Other websites

The Kay Starr homepage
Biography of Kay Starr  (in Spanish)
The Iceberg site 
Kay Starr discography
Kay Starr interview on KUOW 94.9 (NPR) Seattle, 2006 

1922 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in California
American pop singers
Singers from Oklahoma
Blinky Bill the Movie is a 2015 Australian computer-animated adventure movie based on the Blinky Bill character, an anthropomorphic koala created by Dorothy Wall for a children's book series in 1933. The film was produced by Flying Bark Productions (formerly known as Yoram Gross Films Studio, which also produced Blinky Bill: The Mischievous Koala, a 1992 traditional-animated film featuring the character), and co-produced by Assemblage Entertainment (India) and Telegael (Ireland).

Plot
Blinky Bill is a koala with a big imagination. An adventurer at heart, he dreams of leaving the little town of Green Patch and following in his explorer father's footsteps. Mr Bill went missing in the Outback sometime ago and Blinky is the only one who believes his father is still alive. When Blinky discovers a mysterious marker that hints at his Dad's whereabouts, he embarks on a journey that takes him beyond the boundary of Green Patch and into the wild and dangerous Outback. He quickly makes friends with Nutsy, a zoo koala, and Jacko, a nervous frill-necked lizard. Pursued relentlessly by a vengeful feral cat who has a personal score to settle with Blinky, the trio must learn to work together if they ever want to survive the rugged Australian landscape and find Blinky's father!

Voice cast
 Ryan Kwanten as Blinky Bill
 Robin McLeavy as Nutsy
 Rufus Sewell as Sir Claude "The Cat"
 David Wenham as Jacko
 Toni Collette as Cheryl and Beryl
 Richard Roxburgh as Mr. Bill
 Deborah Mailman as Mrs. Bill
 Barry Otto as Mayor Wilberforce Cranklepot
 Barry Humphries as Wombo
 Tin Pang as Jorge
 Cam Ralph as Splodge and Robert
 Charlotte Rose Hamlyn as Marcia Mouse
 Billy Birmingham as Tony and Richard

Other websites
 
 

Animated movies
Australian comedy movies
Movies about animals
Movies set in Australia
2010s computer-animated movies
David Wenham (born 21 September 1965) is an Australian actor who has appeared in movies, television series and theatre productions. He is known in Hollywood for his roles as Faramir in The Lord of the Rings movie trilogy, Carl in Van Helsing, Dilios in 300 and its sequel 300: Rise of an Empire,  Al Parker in Top of the Lake, and Lieutenant John Scarfield in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales. He is known in his native Australia for his role as Diver Dan in SeaChange. Wenham was born in Marrickville, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Filmography
 Blinky Bill the Movie 2015

Other websites
 

1965 births
Living people
Actors from Sydney
Australian movie actors
Australian stage actors
Australian television actors
Australian voice actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Enantiornithes is a group of extinct avialans ("birds" in the broad sense). They are the most abundant and diverse group known from the Mesozoic era. 

Most had teeth and clawed fingers on each wing, but otherwise looked much like modern birds. Over 80 species of enantiornitheans have been named, but some names represent only single bones, so probably not all are valid species. 

Enantiornitheans became extinct at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, as did the hesperornithids and all other non-avian dinosaurs. The Enantiornithes are thought to have left no living descendants.

The name "Enantiornithes" means "opposite birds", from Ancient Greek enantios (ἐνάντιος) "opposite" + ornithes (όρνιθες) "birds" . The name was coined by Cyril Alexander Walker in a landmark paper which established the group. In his paper, Walker explained what he meant by "opposite":

This refers to an anatomical feature. The articulation of the shoulder bones has a concave-convex socket joint which is the reverse of the joint in modern birds.

References 

Cretaceous birds
Barry Otto (born 1941) is an Australian actor and voice actor, primarily of cinema. He is also an amateur artist.

Career
Otto received an AACTA Award for Best Supporting Actor in Strictly Ballroom. He was also nominated for Bliss, Cosi and The More Things Change.... Otto portrayed Administrator Allsop in Australia in 2008. He has appeared in The Dressmaker, Kiss or Kill, Dead Letter Office, The Visitor, The Great Gatsby, Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole, Love's Brother, Blinky Bill.

An amateur artist, he often paints members of his family. Otto has twice entered the Archibald Prize. He is the father of actresses Gracie and Miranda Otto.

References 

Australian movie actors
Australian voice actors
The arrondissement of Sedan is an arrondissement of France in the Ardennes department in the Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Sedan.

It is the most eastern of the arrondissements of the department and has an area of , the smallest arrondissement of the department. It has 59,584 inhabitants and a density of  inhabitants/km².

History
When the Ardennes department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Sedan was part of that original department.

On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Sedan was eliminated but in 1942 it was made again an arrondissement.

Geography
The arrondissement of Sedan is bordered to the north by Belgium (Luxembourg province), to the east by the Meuse department, to the south by the arrondissement of Vouziers and to the west by the arrondissement of Charleville-Mézières.

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

There are 5 cantons in the arrondissement of Sedan; they are (with their INSEE codes):
 Carignan (0803)
 Sedan-1 (0814)
 Sedan-2 (0815)
 Sedan-3 (0816)
 Vouziers (0819) (partly)

Communes
The arrondissement of Sedan has 73 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):

 Angecourt (08013)
 Artaise-le-Vivier (08023)
 Auflance (08029)
 Autrecourt-et-Pourron (08034)
 Balan (08043)
 Bazeilles (08053)
 Beaumont-en-Argonne (08055)
 La Besace (08063)
 Bièvres (08065)
 Blagny (08067)
 Brévilly (08083)
 Bulson (08088)
 Carignan (08090)
 La Chapelle (08101)
 Cheveuges (08119)
 Chémery-Chéhéry (08115)
 Daigny (08136)
 Les Deux-Villes (08138)
 Donchery (08142)
 Douzy (08145)
 Escombres-et-le-Chesnois (08153)
 Euilly-et-Lombut (08159)
 La Ferté-sur-Chiers (08168)
 Fleigneux (08170)
 Floing (08174)
 Francheval (08179)
 Fromy (08184)
 Givonne (08191)
 Glaire (08194)
 Haraucourt (08211)
 Herbeuval (08223)
 Illy (08232)
 Linay (08255)
 Létanne (08252)
 Maisoncelle-et-Villers (08268)
 Malandry (08269)
 Margny (08275)
 Margut (08276)
 Matton-et-Clémency (08281)
 Messincourt (08289)
 Mogues (08291)
 Moiry (08293)
 La Moncelle (08294)
 Le Mont-Dieu (08300)
 Mouzon (08311)
 La Neuville-à-Maire (08317)
 Noyers-Pont-Maugis (08331)
 Osnes (08336)
 Pouru-Saint-Remy (08343)
 Pouru-aux-Bois (08342)
 Puilly-et-Charbeaux (08347)
 Pure (08349)
 Raucourt-et-Flaba (08354)
 Remilly-Aillicourt (08357)
 Sachy (08375)
 Sailly (08376)
 Saint-Aignan (08377)
 Saint-Menges (08391)
 Sapogne-sur-Marche (08399)
 Sedan (08409)
 Signy-Montlibert (08421)
 Stonne (08430)
 Thelonne (08445)
 Tremblois-lès-Carignan (08459)
 Tétaigne (08444)
 Vaux-lès-Mouzon (08466)
 Villers-devant-Mouzon (08477)
 Villers-sur-Bar (08481)
 Villy (08485)
 Vrigne-aux-Bois (08491)
 Wadelincourt (08494)
 Williers (08501)
 Yoncq (08502)

The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Ardennes department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Sedan
Antero de Quental (1842-1891) - Portuguese thinker and poet, leader of generation of seventies.

Biography 
Antero Tarquínio de Quental was born on 18 April 1842 in Ponta Delgada in the islands of Azores. He was a son of Fernando de Quental, a former soldier, and his wife Ana Guilhermina da Maia. He studied at the University of Coimbra and soon became a leader of his fellow students. He protested against the shape of Portuguese poetry of the time. 
He shot himself on 11 september 1891 in his native town.

Works 
During his stay at the university he wrote Raios de Extincta Luz (Rays of Vanishing Light) and Primaveras Românticas (Romantic Springtimes).  Antero de Quental's most famous work however is Odes Modernas, published in 1865. He wrote in the first place sonnets. They were translated into English in 1922 by Sylvanus Griswold Morley as Sonnets and poems of Anthero de Quental. He wrote essays, too, for example Bom Senso e Bom Gosto (Good Sense and Good Taste).

References

Bibliography 
 Sonnets and poems of Anthero de Quental. translated by S. Griswold Morley, University of California Press, Berkeley 1922.

Other websites 
 A selection of Antero de Quental's poems at Projecto Vercial.
 Os sonetos completos de Antero de Quental at Wikisource.

1842 births
1891 deaths
Poets
Mose John Allison, Jr. (November 11, 1927 – November 15, 2016) was an American jazz blues pianist, singer and songwriter. It was not until 1963 that his record label allowed him to release an album entirely of vocals. He was known for his songs "Parchman Songs" and "Young Man Blues". 

Allison died on November 15, 2016 at his home in Hilton Head, South Carolina from natural causes, ages 89.

References

Other websites
Official Site
Concert review at allaboutjazz.com (February 11, 2005)
Los Angeles Citybeat, Mose Allison Interview 
Official IBis Recordings website for "Mose Allison American Legend Live in California"

1927 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American jazz musicians
American blues musicians
American pianists
American songwriters
Trumpeters 
Singers from Mississippi
Musicians from Mississippi
Writers from Mississippi
Robert Alan McDonald (born June 20, 1953) was the eighth United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs. He is the retired chairman, president, and CEO of Procter & Gamble. On July 29, 2014, the U.S. Senate voted 97-0 to confirm McDonald as President Barack Obama's choice to succeed General Eric Shinseki as the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. On July 30, 2014 he was sworn into office.

References 

1953 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Veterans Affairs
Politicians from Indiana
People from Gary, Indiana
American chief executives
Businesspeople from Indiana
US Republican Party politicians
Steven Terner Mnuchin (born December 21, 1962) is an American banker, movie producer and political fundraiser. He was the 77th United States Secretary of the Treasury, under the Trump Administration from February 13, 2017 to January 20, 2021.

Early life
Mnuchin was born to a Jewish family, circa 1963. He is the son of Elaine Terner Cooper and Robert E. Mnuchin. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree at Yale University.

Career
Mnuchin had a fortune estimated at over $40 million while working for Goldman Sachs. In 2002, Mnuchin left Goldman and worked briefly for his Yale roommate Edward Lampert, chief executive of Sears. He also briefly worked for Soros Fund Management.

In Hollywood, Mnuchin, along with movie producer Brett Ratner and financier James Packer, working with RatPac-Dune Entertainment, produced American Sniper and Mad Max: Fury Road.

Political activity
Mnuchin supported Mitt Romney during the 2012 U.S. presidential election.

Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

In May 2016, he was named finance chair of the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign. After Trump won the presidency, he is seen as Trump's top pick for United States Secretary of the Treasury.

United States Secretary of the Treasury (2017–2021)
On November 30, 2016 it was announced that Mnuchin would be nominated as Secretary of the Treasury in the coming administration of President-elect Donald Trump.

On February 13, 2017, Mnuchin was confirmed by a 53–47 vote in the U.S. Senate. He was sworn-in by Vice President Mike Pence the same day.

As Secretary of the Treasury, Mnuchin has been a supporter of proposed tax reform, and for reducing corporate tax rates. Mnuchin supports a partial repeal of Dodd-Frank. Mnuchin's use of government aircraft for personal usage has come under fire from watchdog groups.

Personal life
In 1999, he married Heather deForest Crosby, who was his second wife, and they had three children together. They divorced in 2014. He married actress Louise Linton in 2017. They lived in Los Angeles, California and currently lives in Washington, D.C..

References

Other websites
 

1962 births
Living people
Bankers
Businesspeople from California
Businesspeople from New York City
Movie producers from California
Movie producers from New York City
Jewish American politicians
Jewish businesspeople
Politicians from California
Politicians from New York City
United States Secretaries of the Treasury
US Republican Party politicians
Yale University alumni
Devendra Jhajharia (born 10 June 1981) is an Indian Paralympic javelin thrower competing in F46 events. The first Indian Paralympian to win two gold medals at the Paralympics, he won his first gold in the javelin throw at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, becoming only the second gold medalist at the Paralympics for his country.[1] At the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, he won a second gold medal in the same event, bettering his previous record.[2] Devendra is currently being supported by the GoSports Foundation[3] through the Para Champions Programme.

1981 births
Living people
The Umayyad conquest of Hispania was the expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate over Hispania, from 711 to 788.

The conquest destroyed the Visigothic Kingdom and set up the Emirate of Cordova under Abd ar-Rahman I. This completed al-Andalus, the unification of Muslim-ruled Iberia (756–788). The conquest was the westernmost expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate and Muslim rule into Europe. Charles Martel defeated them in the Battle of Tours, so they did not conquer France.

The conquering army was made up mainly of Berbers (north-western Africa). They had only recently come under Muslim influence. They arrived in early 711 at Gibraltar.

The Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus was overthrown around 750 AD, but continued in al-Andalus until 1031.

The period from 710 to the fall of the last Islamic state in the Battle of Granada in 1492 is called the Reconquista.

References 

History of Portugal
History of Spain
Caliphates
8th century
John Brown's Body is an epic poem by American poet Stephen Vincent Benét.

History 
In 1925 Stephen Vincent Benét decided to write a long poem. With this proposal he approached the Guggenheim Foundation. He asked for 2 500 dollars and got it. Then he went to France. He settled in Paris and began to write. The poem was published in 1928. At once it became very popular. No American poem gained such popularity earlier. Ever Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's works were not so widely read. 130 000 copies of the book were sold during two years. For this poem the poet received the Pulitzer Prize in 1929. Many years later he got the second Pulitzer Prize for the poem Western Star.

Form 
The poem in written in many measures. The poet employs both regular blank verse, free verse and different stanzas. This fragment is an example of classical blank verse.

 Jack Ellyat had been out all day alone, 
 Except for his new gun and Ned, the setter, 
 The old wise dog with Autumn in his eyes, 
 Who stepped the fallen leaves so delicately 
 They barely rustled. Ellyat trampled them down 
 Crackling, like cast-off skins of fairy snakes. 
 He'd meant to hunt, but he had let the gun 
 Rest on his shoulder.

From time to time the poet uses alliteration.

 Where the skyscrapers lift their foggy plumes
 Of stranded smoke out of a stony mouth
 You are that high stone and its arrogant fumes,
 And you are ruined gardens in the '''South''

The story told 
John Brown's Body is a poem about Civil War in America. The story begins with John Brown and his deeds. It ends with general Lee’s surrender at Appomattox. In this work historical and fictional persons are presented together. In 1953 Charles Laughton turned the poem into a play. It was performed in many theatres in America.

References

Bibliography 
Project Gutenberg: John Brown's Body (1928) (full text)
 John Brown's Body by Stephen Vincent Benét, 1928.

Epic poems
Protests against Donald Trump occurred in the United States in 2016. They occurred because of Trump's presidential campaign, and because of the results of the 2016 presidential election.

During Trump's presidential campaign, activists organized demonstrations inside Trump rallies who sometimes called for the rallies to be shut down.

After Trump won the presidential election, students and activists made larger protests in several major cities across the United States. The protesters chanted that Trump is "Not my President!" and other slogans.

References

Politics
Protests in the 2010s
Donald Trump
Daystar Peterson (born; July 27, 1992, Brampton, Ontario, Canada), better known by his stage name Tory Lanez, is a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. Lanez was perhaps first recognized for his 2014 mixtape Lost Cause and his single "Say It" (2015). Lanez is signed to Mad Love Records and Interscope Records. His single charted "Say It" peaked at 23 on the Billboard Hot 100.

References 

1992 births
Living people
Hip hop musicians
Singers
The Zugangserschwerungsgesetz was a German law which aimed to make the access to child pornography over the internet more difficult. It was in use in 2010 and 2011.

Law
Germany
An NP-hard problem is a type of mathematical problem used in computer science. It is a yes/no problem where finding a solution for it is at least as hard as finding a solution for the hardest problem whose solution can quickly be checked as being true. Some NP-hard problems are ones where a working solution can be checked quickly (NP problems) and some are not. NP-hard problems that are also NP problems fit into a category called NP-complete.

Examples
An example of a problem that is at least as hard to solve as any other problem that we can quickly check solutions for, which is also quickly checkable (it is both NP-hard and NP):             

A travelling salesman wants to visit 100 cities by driving, starting and ending his trip at home. He has a limited supply of gasoline, so he can only drive a total of 10,000 kilometers. He wants to know if he can visit all of the cities without running out of gasoline.

People don't know how to solve this problem faster than testing every possible answer, but if a solution is found that allows the salesman to do this, we can use an algorithm check that it is true. This problem is also known as Travelling salesman problem.

An example of a problem that is at least as hard to solve as any other problem that we can quickly check solutions for, but that can not be checked quickly (it is NP-hard, but it is not NP):

if someone starts a program that simply goes,
 while(true){ continue; }
and never stops it, will it run forever?

There is no known way to find a solution to all problems of this kind, and this also cannot be checked.

Theoretical computer science
Vernamiège is a former municipality in the district Hérens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Vernamiège, Mase and Nax merged into the new municipality of Mont-Noble.

Former municipalities of Valais
Anastasio Somoza García (1896-1956) was the President and dictator of Nicaragua from 1936 until his death in 1956. He ran one of the most corrupt governments in history. But because his administration was anti-communist he was supported by the United States. García was the son of a wealthy coffee planter. He was educated in Philadelphia where he met and married Salvadora Debayle Sacasa. She was also from a wealthy Nicaraguan family. He became very wealthy through investments in land, transport, real estate and manufacturing. After winning the 1936 Presidential Election, he took control of the National Guard. He placed family members in key positions of the government. He and his family controlled the Nationalist Liberal Party which controlled the legislature and Judiciary. This gave him absolute control of the country. On September 21, 1956 he was shot in León, Nicaragua by a poet. He died eight days later. His family continued to rule in Nicaragua for two more decades.

References 

1896 births
1956 births
Presidents of Nicaragua
Mont-Noble is a municipality of the district of Hérens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Mase, Nax and Vernamiège merged into the new municipality of Mont-Noble.

Villages
Nax, Vernamiège and Mase.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

2011 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Valais
Ergisch (Walliser German: Ärgisch) is a municipality of the district Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Valais
Erschmatt was a municipality of the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013 the former municipality of Erschmatt merged into the municipality of Leuk.

Former municipalities of Valais
There are 3 arrondissements in the Var department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Var are:

 Arrondissement of Draguignan, (subprefecture: Draguignan), with 58 communes.
 Arrondissement of Toulon, (prefecture: Toulon), with 34 communes.
 Arrondissement of Brignoles, (subprefecture: Brignoles), with 61 communes.

History
Since its creation, the Var department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with six districts: Toulon, Grasse, Hyères, Draguignan, Brignoles, Saint-Maximin, Fréjus, Saint-Paul-lès-Vence and Barjols; the capital was Toulon but it was moved, in 1793, from Toulon to Grasse and, in 1795, from Grasse to Brignoles. In 1797, the capital was moved again, to Draguignan.
 1800 : creation of four arrondissements: Brignoles, Draguignan, Grasse and Toulon.
 1860 : the arrondissement of Grasse passed to the new department of Alpes-Maritimes.
 1926 : the arrondissement of Brignoles was eliminated.
 1974 : Brignoles was made again an arrondissement and the capital was moved from Draguignan to Toulon.

Related pages
List of arrondissements of France

References

Var
The arrondissement of Draguignan is an arrondissement of France, in the Var department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Draguignan.

History
When the Var department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Draguignan was part of that original department.

Geography
The arrondissement of Draguignan is the most eastern of the arrondissements of the Var department. It is bordered to the north by the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, to the east by the Alpes-Maritimes department, to the south by the Toulon arrondissement and to the west by the Brignoles arrondissement.

The arrondissement of Draguignan is the largest arrondissement of the department in area, , but the second in population (321,569 inhabitants).

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

There are 9 cantons in the arrondissement of Draguignan and 3 of them do not have all their communes in the arrondissement:

 La Crau (8302) (partly)
 Draguignan (8303)
 Flayosc (8304) (partly)
 Fréjus (8305)
 Le Luc (8309) (partly)
 Roquebrune-sur-Argens (8311)
 Sainte-Maxime (8313)
 Saint-Raphaël (8315)
 Vidauban (8323)

Communes
The arrondissement of Draguignan has 54 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

 Les Adrets-de-l'Estérel (83001)
 Ampus (83003)
 Les ArcsLes Arcs (83004)
 Bagnols-en-Forêt (83008)
 Bargème (83010)
 Bargemon (83011)
 La Bastide (83013)
 Le Bourguet (83020)
 Brenon (83022)
 Callas (83028)
 Callian (83029)
 Cavalaire-sur-Mer (83036)
 Châteaudouble (83038)
 Châteauvieux (83040)
 Claviers (83041)
 Cogolin (83042)
 Comps-sur-Artuby (83044)
 La Croix-Valmer (83048)
 Draguignan (83050)
 Fayence (83055)
 Figanières (83056)
 Flayosc (83058)
 Fréjus (83061)
 La Garde-Freinet (83063)
 Gassin (83065)
 Grimaud (83068)
 Lorgues (83072)
 La Martre (83074)
 La Môle (83079)
 Mons (83080)
 Montauroux (83081)
 Montferrat (83082)
 La Motte (83085)
 Le Muy (83086)
 Le Plan-de-la-Tour (83094)
 Puget-sur-Argens (83099)
 Ramatuelle (83101)
 Roquebrune-sur-Argens (83107)
 La Roque-Esclapon (83109)
 Sainte-Maxime (83115)
 Saint-Paul-en-Forêt (83117)
 Saint-Raphaël (83118)
 Saint-Tropez (83119)
 Salernes (83121)
 Seillans (83124)
 Sillans-la-Cascade (83128)
 Tanneron (83133)
 Taradeau (83134)
 Tourrettes (83138)
 Trans-en-Provence (83141)
 Trigance (83142)
 Vidauban (83148)
 Rayol-Canadel-sur-Mer (83152)
 Saint-Antonin-du-Var (83154)

The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Var department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Draguignan
The arrondissement of Brignoles is an arrondissement of France, in the Var department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Brignoles.

History
When the Var department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Brignoles was part of that original department.

The arrondissement was eliminated in 1926 but it was made again an arrondissement in 1974.

Geography
The arrondissement of Brignoles is in the northwest of the Var department. It is bordered to the north by the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, to the east by the Draguignan arrondissement, to the south by the Toulon arrondissement and to the west by the Bouches-du-Rhône department.

The arrondissement of Brignoles is the second largest arrondissement of the department in area, , but the one with fewest people living in it (150,974 inhabitants).

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

In the arrondissement of Brignoles there are 6 cantons but only 2 of them have all their communes in the arrondissement:

 Brignoles (8301)
 Flayosc (8304) (partly)
 Garéoult (8307) (partly)
 Le Luc (8309) (partly)
 Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer (8312) (partly)
 Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume (8314)

Communes
The arrondissement of Brignoles has 67 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

 Aiguines (83002)
 Artignosc-sur-Verdon (83005)
 Artigues (83006)
 Aups (83007)
 Barjols (83012)
 Baudinard-sur-Verdon (83014)
 Bauduen (83015)
 Besse-sur-Issole (83018)
 Bras (83021)
 Brignoles (83023)
 Brue-Auriac (83025)
 Cabasse (83026)
 Camps-la-Source (83030)
 Le Cannet-des-Maures (83031)
 Carcès (83032)
 Carnoules (83033)
 La Celle (83037)
 Châteauvert (83039)
 Correns (83045)
 Cotignac (83046)
 Entrecasteaux (83051)
 Esparron (83052)
 Flassans-sur-Issole (83057)
 Forcalqueiret (83059)
 Fox-Amphoux (83060)
 Garéoult (83064)
 Ginasservis (83066)
 Gonfaron (83067)
 Le Luc (83073)
 Les Mayons (83075)
 Mazaugues (83076)
 Méounes-lès-Montrieux (83077)
 Moissac-Bellevue (83078)
 Montfort-sur-Argens (83083)
 Montmeyan (83084)
 Nans-les-Pins (83087)
 Néoules (83088)
 Ollières (83089)
 Pignans (83092)
 Plan-d'Aups-Sainte-Baume (83093)
 Pontevès (83095)
 Pourcieux (83096)
 Pourrières (83097)
 Puget-Ville (83100)
 Régusse (83102)
 Rians (83104)
 Rocbaron (83106)
 La Roquebrussanne (83108)
 Rougiers (83110)
 Sainte-Anastasie-sur-Issole (83111)
 Saint-Julien (83113)
 Saint-Martin-de-Pallières (83114)
 Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume (83116)
 Saint-Zacharie (83120)
 Les Salles-sur-Verdon (83122)
 Seillons-Source-d'Argens (83125)
 Tavernes (83135)
 Le Thoronet (83136)
 Tourtour (83139)
 Tourves (83140)
 Le Val (83143)
 Varages (83145)
 La Verdière (83146)
 Vérignon (83147)
 Villecroze (83149)
 Vinon-sur-Verdon (83150)
 Vins-sur-Caramy (83151)

The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Var department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Brignoles
Cree  (also known as Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi) is an Algonquian language spoken by about 117,000 people across Canada from the Northwest Territories and Alberta to Labrador. This makes it the aboriginal language with the highest number of speakers in Canada. Despite having a large number of speakers within this wide-ranging area, the only region where Cree has any official status is in the Northwest Territories. This is along with eight other official aboriginal languages.

References 

Languages
The arrondissement of Toulon is an arrondissement of France, in the Var department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Toulon.

History
When the Var department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Toulon was part of that original department.

Geography
The arrondissement of Toulon is in the southern part of the Var department. It is bordered to the north by the Brignoles arrondissement, to the east by the Draguignan arrondissement, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea and to the west by the Bouches-du-Rhône department.

The arrondissement of Toulon is the smallest arrondissement of the department in area, , but the one with more people living in it (565,669 inhabitants).

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

There are 14 cantons in the arrondissement of Toulon and 4 of them do not have all their communes in the arrondissement

 La Crau (8302) (partly)
 La Garde (8306)
 Garéoult (8307) (partly)
 Hyères (8308)
 Le Luc (8309) (partly)
 Ollioules (8310)
 Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer (8312) (partly)
 La Seyne-sur-Mer-1 (8316)
 La Seyne-sur-Mer-2 (8317)
 Solliès-Pont (8318)
 Toulon-1 (8319)
 Toulon-2 (8320)
 Toulon-3 (8321)
 Toulon-4 (8322)

Communes
The arrondissement of Toulon has 32 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

 Bandol (83009)
 Le Beausset (83016)
 Belgentier (83017)
 Bormes-les-Mimosas (83019)
 La Cadière-d'Azur (83027)
 Carqueiranne (83034)
 Le Castellet (83035)
 Collobrières (83043)
 La Crau (83047)
 Cuers (83049)
 Évenos (83053)
 La Farlède (83054)
 La Garde (83062)
 Hyères (83069)
 Le Lavandou (83070)
 La Londe-les-Maures (83071)
 Ollioules (83090)
 Pierrefeu-du-Var (83091)
 Le Pradet (83098)
 Le Revest-les-Eaux (83103)
 Riboux (83105)
 Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer (83112)
 Sanary-sur-Mer (83123)
 La Seyne-sur-Mer (83126)
 Signes (83127)
 Six-Fours-les-Plages (83129)
 Solliès-Pont (83130)
 Solliès-Toucas (83131)
 Solliès-Ville (83132)
 Toulon (83137)
 La Valette-du-Var (83144)
 Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer (83153)

The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Var department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Toulon
The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), based in Washington, D.C., is an American nonprofit organization that does activism against animal cruelty. It was founded in 1954. They do this by organizing campaigns to get laws passed and by investigating companies.

HSUS opposes cruelty against animals used for food.
The organization works on a full range of animals, including pets, wildlife, farm animals, horses, and animals used in research, testing and education.

HSUS works with another organization, the Fund for Animals, to operate animal sanctuaries in five states. However, it does not operate animal shelters itself. HSUS also trains rescue groups and shelters.

HSUS has been criticized for the way it spends its money.

History

In 1954, there were disagreements in the American Humane Association (AHA), another animal rights organization. The AHA thought that animals could be used in experiments, but some members disagreed. Many of the staff were fired, including Larry Andrews, Marcia Glaser, Helen Jones, and Fred Myers. These people set up HSUS in Washington, DC. At first, it was called the "National Humane Society". This organization focused on national policy. Their first goal was to get laws about humane slaughter passed.

Humane slaughter legislation
In 1958, the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act passed. This law required slaughterhouses to use humane slaughter methods.

Exposure of cruelty in the dog trade
In 1961, HSUS employee Frank McMahon began an investigation of dog dealers around the United States. In February 1966, Life magazine published an article about some of the poor conditions he found. Tens of thousands of Americans read the article and wrote letters to Congress members, asking them to protect animals more. Later that year, the U.S. Congress approved the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act.

Recent history

Animal Protection Litigation section

In 2005, HSUS started an Animal Protection Litigation Section. This is a part of the organization that works with attorneys around the country to participate in legal cases. This group had won approximately three dozen cases by 2015. In 2010, the section estimated that it had filed more than 50 legal actions in 25 states, and won 80% of its cases.

Hurricane Katrina animal rescue
In September 2005, thousands of animals were left behind as people evacuated during Hurricane Katrina. HSUS and other organizations rescued approximately ten thousand animals.

Political and legislative initiatives

During 2013, HSUS helped to pass 109 state laws to protect animals.

Pets

The HSUS has a department that focuses on pets. It also wants to end dog-fighting.

Related pages
 Animal liberation movement
 People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA)

References

Other websites
 
 HSUS Blog authored by CEO Wayne Pacelle

Animal rights
Non-profit organizations of Washington, D.C.
Ethics
1954 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Washington, D.C.
Beatboxing is making percussive noises with the mouth, lips, tongue and voice. Performers try an imitate the sounds of a drum machine. It is used a lot in hip-hop music.
it also includes the use of humming, singing and tapping.
a famous beatboxer is codfish, his famous "no diggity" song is widely heard throughout the beatboxing community.
codfish-no diggity

Percussion instruments
Golaghmuli Valley is a high mountainous valley in Upper Ghizer of Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan. This valley is  east of Chitral and north of Swat. Golaghmuli Valley is separated from the Chitral and Swat by high mountain passes. To reach Golaghmuli Valley, a person must take the Gilgit-Chitral road west from Gilgit, and then continue straight by Gupis. After Gupis, one continues northwest to reach the Yasin Valley and the straight road goes to Golaghmuli Valley. Golaghmuli Valley has a spectacular natural beauty.

Villages 
 Golaghmuli
 Golaghtori
 Herkush
 Handarap
 Teru
 Barset
 Terich
 Ali Abad

Climate

References
Gampel is a village and former municipality in the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Gampel and Bratsch merged into the new municipality of Gampel-Bratsch.

Other websites
 Official Website 
 

Former municipalities of Valais
Villages in Valais
Gampel-Bratsch is a municipality of the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Bratsch and Gampel merged into the new municipality of Gampel-Bratsch.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Valais
2009 establishments in Switzerland
A weather vane is a device with a freely rotating pointer used to indicate the direction of the wind. Weather vanes served as simple devices for showing the direction of the wind and its speed for centuries. They were a critical tool for agriculture, travel and shipping. They serve a largely decorative function today. They have been replaced by specialized weather instruments. 

To work correctly a weather vane should be at the highest point of a building. It needs to be as far away as possible from other things that might interrupt the wind. The simplest form is a horizontal arrow or other form freely rotating on a vertical rod. When the wind blows, the arrow shows the direction and speed. The earliest known weather was made by the astronomer Andronicus in 48 BC. It sat on top of the Tower of the Winds in Athens. It was between  and  long and was the shape of a head and torso of a man with the tail of a fish.

The word 'vane' comes from the Old English fana banner. This is related to the Old High German fano (cloth); from the Latin pannus (cloth or rag).

Related pages 
 Windsock
 Apparent wind indicator
 List of weather instruments
 Old Father Time, a famous weather  vane at Lord's Cricket Ground, London
 Weather radar
 Weather station
 Weather balloon

Gallery

References

Other websites 
 Weather vanes - making all kinds - BBC - 27th March 2016; YouTube

Ancient Greece
Weather instruments
Guttet-Feschel is a municipality of the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 October 2000 the former municipalities of Feschel and Guttet merged into the new municipality of Guttet-Feschel.

References

Municipalities of Valais
Inden is a municipality of the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It is on a high plateau and along the road that runs from Leukerbad to the Gemmi Pass.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 

Municipalities of Valais
Leukerbad (, Walliser German: Leiggerbad) is a municipality of the district Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 Leukerbad Tourism  

Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland
Municipalities of Valais
Oberems is a municipality of the district  Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Valais