cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
a-ha were a Norwegian band who were formed in Oslo. They initially rose to fame during the 1980s, but have had continued success in the 1990s and 2000s. They split in 2010.

Albums
Hunting High and Low (1985) / Hunting High and Low (Deluxe Edition) (2010)
Scoundrel Days (1986) / Scoundrel Days (Deluxe Edition) (2010)
Stay on These Roads (1988)
East of the Sun, West of the Moon (1990)
Headlines and Deadlines – The Hits of a-ha (1991)
Memorial Beach (1993)
Minor Earth Major Sky (2000)
Lifelines (2002)
How Can I Sleep With Your Voice in My Head (2003)
The Singles: 1984–2004 (2004)
Analogue (2005)
Foot of the Mountain (2009)
25 (2010)

Singles
Take on Me
Love Is Reason
The Sun Always Shines on T.V.
Train of Thought
Hunting High and Low
I've Been Losing You
Cry Wolf
Maybe, Maybe
Manhattan Skyline
The Living Daylights
Stay on These Roads
The Blood That Moves The Body
Touchy!
You Are The One
There's Never A Forever Thing
Crying in the Rain
I Call Your Name
Early Morning
Waiting For Her
Move To Memphis
The Blood That Moves the Body '92
Dark Is the Night
Angel in the Snow
Lie Down in Darkness
Shapes That Go Together
Summer Moved On
Minor Earth Major Sky
Velvet
The Sun Never Shone That Day
Forever Not Yours
Lifelines
Did Anyone Approach You?
The Sun Always Shines on T.V. a-ha Live
Celice
Birthright
Analogue (All I Want)
Cosy Prisons
Foot of the Mountain
Nothing Is Keeping You Here
 Shadowside
Butterfly, Butterfly (The Last Hurrah)

1990s music groups
2000s music groups
Musical groups disestablished in 2010
Musical groups established in 1982
Norwegian musical groups
Oslo
Pop music groups
1982 establishments in Europe
1980s establishments in Norway
2010 disestablishments in Europe
Anglicisation or anglicization is the act of changing of spoken or written elements of another language into a form that can more easily be understood by an English speaker.

For instance, the Italian name of the city of Rome, the capital of Italy, is . English speakers call it "Rome" to make it sound more English. Another example is the city of Moscow in Russia, which sounds like Moskva in Russian, though it is written much differently because Russian uses the Cyrillic alphabet (it is written in that language as ). Still, English speakers call the city "Moscow" because it is easier to say.

Most of these changes were made a few centuries ago. In some cases the original language was different to the modern one. Turin in the Piedmont province of Italy was called  in Piedmontese, the native language of the region, but is now officially known as  after its Italian name. The English and French name for Florence, also in Italy, is closer to the original name in Latin () than is the modern Italian name of .

Anglicization has both a political and cultural dimension. Most Welsh and Scottish Gaelic place names were once anglicized when they were under English rule. Now that they have their own local parliaments, they changed the official names back again. In Scotland, however, few people speak Gaelic, so in most places the English versions are almost always used. On the other hand, in Wales, where there are plenty of Welsh speaking people, all road signs need to be in both English and Welsh.

English language
Jeanne Rij-Rousseau (10 June 1870 – 22 October 1956) was a French Cubist painter and an art theoretician.

Rij-Rousseau was born in Candé. From 1890 on, she lived in Paris and moved in an artistic circle with painters of the "Ile de la Grande Jatte" in Montmartre. She was a student of Maurice Denis and Paul Sérusier. Sérusier's had ideas about the relationship of music and painting. She used these ideas to form the theory of vibrism, which is a combination  of Synthetic Cubism of the pre-war period and Larionov and Goncharova's Rayonism.

Juan Gris was a close friend of hers. From 1911 on, Rij-Rousseau showed her works in Salon d'Automne, Salon des Indépendants and Salon Tuileries. In 1920, she was a member of the artist circle called Section d'Or. She  often traveled to South France, especially to Céret, and also to Germany, Belgium and Switzerland. Her paintings were displayed in Zurich, Brussels, New York, and Boston.

In Aubusson and Beauvais' manufactories large-size tapestries designed by her were produced. In 1925, she was awarded a gold medal for one of them in the first Arts Décoratifs' exhibition.
Guillaume Apollinaire named her a "searcher", and her colour choices were admired by Florent Fels and André Salmon.

Also in 1925, Rij-Rousseau founded the Association of Modern-Age Female Painters. She exhibited with Suzanne Duchamp and Marie Laurencin, among others. Aside from Colette, Rij-Rousseau's biography was published in the book, Führende Frauen Europas by Elga Kern as a representative of French art.

Her fame did not last long, and in 1956 she died lonely, impoverished and forgotten in her great-niece's house in Savigny-sur-Braye. Her final exhibition in Château de Blois in 1959 attracted little notice, and the whereabouts of the 70 exhibited paintings are still unknown. Her estate has been scattered throughout the world. Paintings are trafficked in N.Y., Chicago, London, and Paris. Some works are in Parisan museums, in Blois, and in Grenoble, but especially in private collectors' homes.

Research on this painter of the French Modern Age is still in its beginnings.

Further reading
Debray, Cécile; Lucbert, Françoise. La Section d'or. Edition Cercle d'Art. Paris 2000
Kern, Elga. Führende Frauen Europas. Ernst Reinhardt Verlag München 1930

1870 births
1956 deaths
French painters
People from Pays de la Loire
Yearly Big Ten Conference football champions 

A school name with an asterisk (*) after it means they won a major national championship for that season.  National Championships are from the NCAA Division I-A national football championship page. Like that page writes, the posted information is under much debate. See here for what minor polls selected as national champions in past years.
A school name with two asterisks (**) after means they clinched a BCS Bowl game berth.

Championships by school 

* Chicago stopped its football program in 1939 and withdrew from the conference in 1946.

 

Big Ten Conference
1896 establishments in the United States
Napalm Death are a heavy metal band from Meriden, West Midlands, England. They play a very loud and angry kind of heavy metal called Grindcore - a subgenre which they pioneered. The band made the shortest song in the world: 'You Suffer', which is only 1.316 seconds long - characteristic of grindcore. Their debut album, 'Scum', was revolutionary in the metal underground and was made up of songs, which on average, were about 20-60 seconds long.

Studio albums 
 Scum (1987)
 From Enslavement to Obliteration (1988)
 Harmony Corruption (1990)
 Utopia Banished (1992)
 Fear, Emptiness, Despair (1994)
 Diatribes (1996)
 Inside the Torn Apart (1997)
 Words from the Exit Wound (1998)
 Enemy of the Music Business (2000)
 Order of the Leech (2002)
 The Code Is Red...Long Live the Code (2005)
 Smear Campaign (2006)
 Time Waits for No Slave (2009)
 Utilitarian (2012)
 Apex Predator – Easy Meat (2015)
 Throes of Joy in the Jaws of Defeatism (2020)

1981 establishments in England
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
Death metal bands
English heavy metal bands
Musical groups established in 1981
Charles Michael "Chuck" Schuldiner  (May 13, 1967 – December 13, 2001) was an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. He was a key member of the death metal band, Death. The band were a major influence on other death metal bands. He is often called  'the Father of Death metal'  He died of pneumonia in 2001, after a long battle with brain cancer.

References 

1967 births
2001 deaths
American songwriters
American Jews
Deaths from brain cancer
Singers from Florida
Heavy metal singers
Mark Henry (born June 12, 1971) is an American professional wrestler. He is currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment on its Legends contract. Henry is also a 1992 Olympian and winner of the Arnold Classic strongman competition. He also had the nickname Sexual Chocolate.

References

Other websites

Official website

1971 births
African-American wrestlers
American Olympians
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Texas
Weightlifters
WWE wrestlers
The Cold War Kids are an indie rock band. The members are Nathan Willett (lead vocalist, piano, guitar), Jonnie Russel (guitar, vocal, percussion), Matt Maust (bass guitar), and Matt Aveiro (drums). They met and formed the band in Long Beach, California, US.

They released their first album, Robbers and Cowards, in 2006. Their second album, Loyalty to Loyalty, was released in September 2008.

Discography

Albums
 Robbers & Cowards (2006) #173 US, #35 UK
 Loyalty to Loyalty (2008)
 Mine is Yours (2011)
 Dear Miss Lonelyhearts (2013)
 Hold My Home (2014)
 L.A. Divine (2017)
 New Age Norms 1 (2019)
 New Age Norms 2 (2020)

EPs
 Mulberry Street (2005)
 With Our Wallets Full (2006)
 Up in Rags (2006)
 Live from SoHo (2007)  (iTunes Exclusive)
 We Used to Vacation (2007)
 Benefit At The District (2007)
 Live at Fingerprints (2008)
 Live from the Paradiso (2008)
 Behave Yourself (2010)
 Tuxedos (2013)
 Five Quick Cuts (2015)
 Los Feliz Blvd (2017)

Singles
 "Hair Down" (2006)
 "We Used To Vacation" (2006)
 "Hang Me Up to Dry" (2007) UK #57
 "Hospital Beds" (2007)
 "Hang Me Up to Dry (Re-Release)" (2007) UK #65, #26 US Modern Rock 
 "Something is Not Right With Me" (2008) #40 US Modern Rock 
 "I've Seen Enough" (2008)
 "Audience" (2009)
 "Louder Than Ever" (2010)
 "Skip the Charades" (2012)
 "Miracle Mile" (2013)
 "A Million Eyes" (2014)
 "All This Could Be Yours" (2014)
 "First" (2015)
 "Locker Room Talk" (2016)
 "Love Is Mystical" (2017)
 "Can We Hang On?" (2017)
 "Restless" (2017)
 "Love On the Brain" (featuring Bishop Briggs) (2017)
 "So Tied Up" (featuring Bishop Briggs) (2017)
 "Ordinary Idols" (2018)
 "Complainer" / "4th of July" (2019)
 "Waiting for Your Love" (2019)
 "Dirt in My Eyes" (2020)
 "Who's Gonna Love Me Now" (2020)
 "1 x 1" (featuring Wesley Schultz) (2020)

References

Other websites
Official Cold War Kids website
Downtown Records 
Monarchy Music 

Cold War Kids Online - A Cold War Kids fansite 
Cold War Kids feature on hardrock.com 
Free video of entire Amsterdam concert (18-11_2006)
Cold War Kids live on WOXY.com, October 23, 2006 
Cold War Kids music downloads from RCRD LBL 
Orange County Weekly - Photo Slideshow from March 2008
Podcast of the Cold War Kids live in Paris, 2007

American rock bands
Soul bands
Blues bands
Indie rock bands
Musical groups from California
Long Beach, California
Europe is a Swedish rock band. The band was started by Joey Tempest and John Norum in 1979. Their song "The Final Countdown" was a big hit in 1986.

Europe took a break in 1992, but came back in 2003.

Albums
Europe (1983)
Wings of Tomorrow (1984)
The Final Countdown (1986)
Out of This World (1988)
Prisoners in Paradise (1991)
Start from the Dark (2004)
Secret Society (2006)
Last Look at Eden (2009)
Bag of Bones (2012)
War of Kings (2015)
Walk the Earth (2017)

Other websites 
 Europe's Official Site
  Europe's official Facebook page

1970s Swedish music groups
1980s Swedish music groups
1990s Swedish music groups
2000s Swedish music groups
2010s Swedish music groups
Hard rock bands
Musical groups established in 1979
Swedish heavy metal bands
1979 establishments in Sweden
Musical groups disestablished in 1992
1990s disestablishments in Sweden
1992 disestablishments in Europe
Samuel Goldwyn (1879-1974) was a Polish-American movie producer who made a lot of movies in America.

Early life
He was born in Warsaw, Poland. His parents died when he was young. He first moved to London, then New York. In New York he worked in a glove factory, then as a glove salesman. After this, he helped his brother-in-law to make movies.

Companies

He started the Goldwyn Pictures Corporation in 1917. This became part of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1924.

Movies
Some of his famous movies are Wuthering Heights (1939), The Best Years of Our Lives (1946) and Porgy and Bess (1959).

Goldwynisms
He often said things that people remembered, such as:
 “I paid too much for it, but it’s worth it.”
 “I had a great idea this morning, but I didn’t like it.”
 “That’s our strongest weak point.”
His sayings are called Goldwynisms.

References
 “Goldwyn, Samuel”, Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition

1879 births
1974 deaths
American Jews
American movie producers
Businesspeople from New York
People from Warsaw
The Book of Tobit (or Book of Tobias) is a book of biblical scripture that is part of the Catholic and Orthodox biblical canon, put forward by the Council of Carthage of 397 and confirmed for Roman Catholics by the Council of Trent (1546). It's listed in Article VI of the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England. 

Likely written in the second century BC in Palestine, Tobit is regarded by Protestants as apocryphal. Also, it has never been included within the Tanakh (also known as Old Testament) as canonical by ancient Judaism. However, it is found in the Greek Old Testament (the Septuagint), and Aramaic and Hebrew fragments of the book were discovered in Cave IV at Qumran in 1952. 

Tobit goes blind and feels hopeless, but recovers his sight through the advice of an Angel called Raphael. Also mentioned is Tobit's son called Tobias, who is traveling eastward to collect money, accompanied by the Angel, Raphael, who tells Tobit of a woman named Sarah who is looking to get married. Her earlier marriages were not completed because shortly beforehand the man would always die mysteriously, which saddens Sarah. This time, though, the man does not die and in the end Tobit and Sarah are happily married. The story of Tobit is important for its teaching about guardian angels and for the need to always remain loyal to God during difficult times.

References 

Books of the Bible
The Forbidden City, now known as the Palace Museum, is a large historical palace and an art museum in the historical center of Beijing, China.  The site is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is very important to the history and architecture of China. The Forbidden City was the palace of the Emperor of China from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. For almost 500 years, it was as the home of emperors and their houses, as well as the ceremonial and political center of Chinese government.

Name
The name "Forbidden City" is a translation of the Chinese name Zijin Cheng (). The name Zijin Cheng was used for the first time in 1576. Another English name for Zijin Cheng is "Forbidden Palace". The word Zi means "purple" in Chinese. It means the North Star. This is because in ancient China it was called the Ziwei Star. In Chinese astrology the North Star was the home of the Celestial Emperor. Because the Forbidden City was the home of the emperor on Earth, the Chinese thought that it was Earth's equivalent of the Ziwei Star. Jin means "Forbidden" in Chinese. This was because no one was allowed to go in or out of the palace without the emperor's permission. Cheng means city.

The Chinese don't call the Forbidden Palace Zijin Cheng anymore. They call it Gùgōng (故宫) now. This means the "Former Palace". The museum that is in the Forbidden City is called the "Palace Museum" ().

History
After Zhu Di became the Yongle Emperor, the capital of China was moved from Nanjing to Beijing. In 1406 construction began on the Forbidden City. The construction of the palace went on for over 14 years and more than a million workers had to work on building it. (1406-1420)

References

Other websites 

 Official site
Highlights of the Forbidden City

Buildings and structures in Beijing
Palaces
Art museums
World Heritage Sites in China
The Book of Zechariah is a book of the Bible found in the Old Testament and the Jewish Tanakh thought to be written by the prophet Zechariah.  The name "Zechariah" means "God remembered." We don't know much about Zechariah.  The book itself tells us only that his grandfather was Iddo, a priest who returned with Zerubbabel from Babylon. 

Chapters 1 to 6, written in 520 BC, start by telling the nation's history as a warning to the people. Then come eight visions, which show more about the history of Israel. These are to give the people hope. We are then told about the crowning of Joshua the priest. This showed that their religion was being restored.  Then Zechariah tells that the kingdoms of the world will someday become the kingdom of God's Messiah. 

Chapters 7 and 8 were written two years later. The people were keeping days of sorrow to remind them of the loss of their city 70 years ago.  They are told that now they can now have days to celebrate the return home and can be assured that now God is with them and will make them happy.

Chapters 9 to 11 tell of a future time when the nations around them would be destroyed by an army, but Jerusalem would be kept from destruction.  This seems to have been talking about the coming of Alexander the Great with his army which happened in 332 BC. Tyre was taken by building a land bridge from the shore to the island city which was thought to be safe from capture. He also destroyed the city of Gaza.  But Alexander did not destroy Jerusalem when he came there.  Zechariah said that after these wars the Messiah would come. 

Chapters 12 to 14 tell about the glories that await Israel in "the latter day", the final conflict and triumph of God's kingdom.

Most Christians read the predictions in chapters 7 to 14 as talking about Jesus, either directly or indirectly. These chapters helped the writers of the Gospels understand Jesus’ suffering, death and resurrection, which they quoted as they wrote of Jesus’ final days. One of these quotes is from Chapter 9, verse 9, "Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, your King comes unto you: he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon a donkey." All four Gospels tell of Jesus riding into Jerusalem on a donkey and two of them say that Zechariah told of this ahead of time. 

Old Testament books
Books of the Hebrew Bible
The Book of Zephaniah is a book of the Bible and is thought to be written by “Zephaniah son of Cushi son of Gedaliah son of Amariah son of Hezekiah, in the days of King Josiah son of Amon of Judah”.

The book begins by telling of God's judgement on the Kingdom of Judah. Three times God says  "I will sweep away" in Chapter 1 verses 1 and 2.  This tells of total destruction.  In the Bible repeating three times makes the warning stronger. The mention in Chapter 1 verse 2 of "humans and animals ... the birds ... the fish" reverses the creation order in Genesis Chapter 1 verse 28, showing the creation is being undone. "From the face of the earth" is a reference to the Genesis flood story in Genesis, where it also tells of an undoing of creation. This is very strong language of the coming destruction because of the sins of the people, corruption and injustice. 

In chapter 2, Zephaniah also warns of punishment for many of the surrounding nations.  These will also be destroyed.  The nations mentioned include Philistia, Moab, Ammon,Cush and Assyria.

In Chapter 3, as is common in prophetic literature in the Bible, a "remnant" survives God's judgement in Zephaniah by humbly seeking refuge in God. The book ends in with hope and joy, as God "bursts forth in joyful divine celebration" over his people.
They will return and all the nations will rejoice over this.   

Books of the Hebrew Bible
The Song of Songs is a book of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, and also in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. It is one of the five megillot (scrolls). The Song of Songs is also known as the Song of Solomon or as Canticle of Canticles. It is known as Aisma in the Septuagint, which is short for ῏Αισμα ᾀσμάτων, Aisma aismatôn, "Song of Songs" in Greek.

Author and date 

Verse 1 seems to show that the author is Solomon, since it says that it is "Solomon's Song of Songs", but this could also just mean a song for or about Solomon. So, who the author of Song of Songs was is still an often-discussed question.

If Solomon wrote it, it was probable that it was written in around the tenth century B.C. when Solomon was king. In fact, the mention of the cities of Tirzah and Jerusalem so close together (6:4) has been used to say that it was written before King Omri (885-874 B.C.), even though people still do not know exactly why Tirzah was talked about. However, many have also said that the language in the Song of Songs is proof of it being written much later.

Most people think that the similarity of language, style, tone (mood), perspective, and repeated words show that it was written by one author. But others who do not think the Song was written by one person, or even from one time or place, say that this was because all of the Song's parts came from the same literary tradition.

References

Other websites
"The Song of Solomon" by artist Tamar Messer, who is from Israel.

Books of the Hebrew Bible
The Book of Nehemiah is a book of the Hebrew Bible, thought to be a continuation of the Book of Ezra, and is sometimes called the second book of Ezra. It is thought to be written by Nehemiah. It is about the return from exile and the rebuilding of Jerusalem. The Book talks about the struggles the Israelites face, such as when they rebuild the walls of the city, non-Israelite people are angry. Another problem is the fact that people are not obeying Jewish law.

Nehemiah
The Book of Obadiah is found in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament of the Christian Bible where it is the shortest book, only one chapter long. It is thought to have been written by a person named Obadiah, which means “servant (or worshipper) of the Lord”. Obadiah probably wrote the book sometime between 850 and 550 B.C.

The message of Obadiah is given to Edom, a country which was made up of descendants of Esau, who was the twin brother of Jacob.  Jacob is also called Israel and is the ancestor of the Jewish people.  When foreign armies attacked Israel, the people of Edom did not come to their aid, but instead took many things that had belonged to them.  Obadiah said that God would destroy the Edomites because of this.  The Edomites lived in a city that was protected by mountains.  They also had other nations who were their allies in warfare.  They were proud of their wise leaders.  None of these things could protect them from defeat.  Obadiah said that God would give Israel back some lands including the land of the Edomites. Edom no longer exists as a country. Part of what was Edom is now in the kingdom of Jordan.  The ruins of their capitol city Petra is a tourist attraction. 

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
The Book of Nahum is a book in the Bible's Old Testament and Jewish Tanakh.

We don't know much about who Nahum was. His name means "comforter", and he was from the town of Elkosh or Alqosh (Nahum 1:1), which may have been a town of northern Galilee. He was a Hebrew and may have written from Jerusalem a short time before the downfall of Assyria

Nahum wrote about the final destruction of Nineveh, the capital of the great Assyrian empire. Ashurbanipal the king was at the height of his glory. Nineveh was a large city, and was then the center of the civilization and trade of the world. Jonah had given a warning, and Nahum was followed by Zephaniah, who also told about (Zephaniah 2:4–15) the destruction of the city. The book of Jonah shows us that God had a loving concern for the people of Nineveh, while Nahum tells about the righteousness and justice of God. He says God will punish the Assyrians because of "their cruelty" (Nahum 3:19). Nineveh was burned by fire around 625 BC, after which the Assyrian empire soon came to an end. That made big changes in the political and commercial fate of many in Asia.

Chapter one shows the majesty and might of the LORD God and His goodness and severity.

Chapters two and three tell about the final fall of Nineveh, which took place in 612 BC. Nahum tells about a war and how Nineveh's army tries to stop the invaders. Nahum uses poetry to write as if he were in the battle, giving commands to the soldiers. He uses irony by mentioning the lion as an Assyrian symbol of power; Nineveh is the strong lion with a den full of dead prey but will become weak like the lion hiding in its den. The book ends with a song about the soon destruction of Nineveh and the death of the Assyrian people and end of the once great Assyrian rulers.

Nahum shows God to be slow to anger, but that God will by not ignore the guilty but will bring them to justice. God is presented as a God who will punish evil, but will protect those who trust in Him. 

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
The Book of Micah (Hebrew: ספר מיכה) is one of the books of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. 
Scholars believe it was written by Micah the prophet, about 700 years before Jesus was born. Chapter 1 verse 5 says Micah was from Moresheth (a town in southern Judah). He lived during the reigns of Yehotam, Ahaz and Hezekiah, roughly 750–700 BC.

During this time, after a long period of peace, Israel, Judah, and the other nations of the region were threatened by the Neo-Assyrian empire. Micah warns that there would be a military defeat as punishment for worshiping idols and treating poor people badly by the powerful. This happened to the kingdom of Israel (Samaria) in 721 and to the kingdom of Judah (Jerusalem) about 100 years later.  The book contains three cycles of warning about punishment and promise of restoration.

Quotes

The book of Micah is quoted by the New Testament writer Matthew in chapter 2, verses 5 and 6 

Bethlehem Ephrathah, you are one of the smallest towns in Judah, but out of you I will bring a ruler for Israel, whose family line goes back to ancient times. (chapter 5 verse 2, Good News version).

Jesus quotes Micah chapter 7 verse 6, to say that families will be divided by His message:

 A man’s enemies will be those of his own household. — Matthew chapter 10, verse 36

Modern preachers have often quoted Micah Chapter 6, verse 8

 He has showed you, O man, what is good; and what does the LORD require of you, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God? (American King James Version)

References

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
The Book of Joel is part of the Jewish Tanakh, and also the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. Joel describes a plague of locusts in Palestine. 

It is hard to know when the Book of Joel was written since the events told about could have happened at any point in time between 850 and 400 BC. Most modern students of the Bible believe the locusts were real insects that destroyed the crops, leaving the people hungry. Others think they are a picture of big armies that will invade the land and destroy. They can also be both things, one past, the other future.  Joel calls on the leaders and people to turn from their sins and ask God to forgive them. God promises to do that both at that time and in the future whenever similar punishments are needed.

The phrase "day of the Lord" is used by Joel to refer to a period when God will punish, but then forgive his people.
Peter, one of Jesus' followers, talked about some verses from Joel to describe what happened on the day of Pentecost when Christians believe that the Holy Spirit was given and Christians talked about Jesus in languages they had never learned.  This led to many people becoming Christians. This is found in the Book of Acts in the New Testament

Quotes
The great army of locusts advances like darkness spreading over the mountains (2:2)

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
The Book of Hosea is one of the books of the Hebrew Bible and of the Christian Old Testament.
The book was written roughly between 760 and 720 BC and is about a man who was told by God to marry a woman who would not live with him as she should have done. Even though Hosea brought her back to his house and had some children with her, she kept leaving him and going away to other men.  Hosea was told that his story was a picture of the way God's people treated God, by going after other gods (idols) even though God wanted them to stay with Him and love Him. 

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
The Book of Haggai is a book of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) and of the Old Testament, written by the prophet Haggai. It was written in 520 BCE, some 18 years after Cyrus had taken the kingdom of Babylon and made a law in 538 BCE, so that the captive Jews could return to Judea. 

Cyrus also wanted the temple in Jerusalem to be built, so that the worship there could be begun again. Haggai told the people to begin to rebuild second Jerusalem temple. Haggai said that a recent drought was because of the people's refusal to rebuild the temple, which he sees as key to Jerusalem’s glory.  

He said that Zerubbabel, governor of Judah, was the Lord’s chosen leader. Haggai writes that three weeks after his first warning, the rebuilding of the Temple began on September 7 521 BCE. "They came and began to work on the house of the LORD Almighty, their God, on the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month in the second year of Darius the King. 

This is in Chapter 1 verses 14 and 15.  The Book of Ezra says that it was finished on February 25 516 BCE "The Temple was completed on the third day of the month Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of King Darius." (Ezra Chapter 6, verse 15) After this Haggai said that God would bless the people. (Chapter 2, verse 18-19) The book ends by telling about the future downfall of other kingdoms.

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
The Book of Habakkuk is the eighth book of the 12 minor prophets of the Hebrew Bible. It is thought to be written by the prophet Habakkuk, in the late 7th century BC. In the first part of the book Habakkuk is talking with God about why people are allowed to do evil things. God tells him that He is going to allow the army from Babylon to come and defeat the people of Israel.  This is to punish them for their sins of turning from God and treating people badly. Habakkuk then asks God why he would use the evil nation of Babylon to punish His own people. God replies that the people of Babylon will also later be punished.  In the end Habakkuk accepts God's actions as good and responds with faith. 

Several verses in the book are well known. Chapter 2, verse 4 says "the just shall live by faith".  This verse was used by  Saint Paul in two of his letters and also by the writer of the letter to the Hebrews in the New Testament to show that we are accepted by God when we have faith in Him and this leads to right living.  At the end of Chapter 3, Habakkuk states that even if all his crops and animals die and he is left poor, he will be glad in God who saves him.  This is similar to what Job said when bad things happened to him.  

Books of the Hebrew Bible
The Book of Ezra is a book of the Bible in the Old Testament and Hebrew Tanakh. It details the return of the Jewish people from their exile in Babylon in the second half of the sixth century BC and the struggles they had. These include having to rebuild their previously destroyed temple and people failing to obey Jewish religious commandments.

Ezra and Nehemiah 

The words that start Nehemiah 1:1, "The words of Nehemiah son of Hacaliah", shows that Ezra and Nehemiah were at first two different works. However, they were put together as one in the earliest Hebrew manuscripts. Josephus and the Jewish Talmud talk about the book of Ezra but not a different book of Nehemiah. The oldest manuscripts of the Septuagint also treat Ezra and Nehemiah as one book.

Origen (A.D. 185–253) is the first writer to treat the books as different works. He called them I Ezra and II Ezra. In translating the Latin Vulgate, Jerome called Nehemiah the second book of Esdrae (Ezra). The English translations by Wycliffe (1382) and Coverdale (1535) also called Ezra "I Esdras" and Nehemiah "II Esdras". The same separation first came out in a Hebrew manuscript in 1448.

References 

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
Aberdeen railway station can mean one of the railway stations in the city of Aberdeen, Scotland — only the one now named simply Aberdeen railway station is still in existence:

Those which have Aberdeen in the station name 
 Aberdeen Guild Street railway station on the Aberdeen Railway (closed)
 Aberdeen Joint railway station on Denburn Valley Line connecting the Great North of Scotland Railway and Aberdeen Railway; the present station, now referred to simply as Aberdeen railway station
 Aberdeen Waterloo railway station on the Great North of Scotland Railway (now a freight terminal only)

Those which don't have Aberdeen in the station name 
 Don Street railway station on the Great North of Scotland Railway (closed)
 Holburn Street railway station on the Deeside Railway (closed)
 Hutcheon Street railway station on the Denburn Valley Line (closed)
 Kittybrewster railway stations (three stations have existed in the Kittybrewster area) on the Denburn Valley Line and the Great North of Scotland Railway (all closed)
 Schoolhill railway station on the Denburn Valley Line (closed)

Railway stations in Scotland
Aberdeen
Mark Bosnich is a football player. He plays for Central Coast Mariners.

Club career statistics

|-
|1989||Sydney Croatia||National Soccer League||5||0

|-
|1989/90||rowspan="2"|Manchester United||rowspan="2"|First Division||1||0
|-
|1990/91||2||0
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="8"|Aston Villa||First Division||1||0
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="7"|Premier League||17||0
|-
|1993/94||28||0
|-
|1994/95||30||0
|-
|1995/96||38||0
|-
|1996/97||20||0
|-
|1997/98||30||0
|-
|1998/99||15||0
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Manchester United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||23||0
|-
|2000/01||0||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Chelsea||rowspan="3"|Premier League||0||0
|-
|2001/02||5||0
|-
|2002/03||0||0

|-
|2008/09||Central Coast Mariners||A-League||||
210||0
5||0
215||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1993||3||0
|-
|1994||0||0
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||2||0
|-
|1997||11||1
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
!Total||17||1
|}

References

1972 births
Living people
Australian footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Sportspeople from Sydney
Dario Gradi is a football manager. He manages Crewe Alexandra.

References

1941 births
Living people
Italian football managers
Italian footballers
Rio Ferdinand (born 7 November 1978) is a retired English football player.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|West Ham United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1996/97||15||2||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||16||2
|-
|1996/97||Bournemouth||Second Division||10||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="4"|West Ham United||rowspan="4"|Premier League||35||0||6||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||46||0
|-
|1998/99||31||0||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|-
|1999/00||33||0||0||0||4||0||10||0||47||0
|-
|2000/01||12||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Leeds United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||23||2||1||0||2||0||7||0||33||2
|-
|2001/02||31||0||1||0||1||0||7||0||40||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="8"|Manchester United||rowspan="8"|Premier League||28||0||3||0||4||0||11||0||46||0
|-
|2003/04||20||0||0||0||0||0||6||0||26||0
|-
|2004/05||31||0||5||0||1||0||5||0||42||0
|-
|2005/06||37||3||2||0||5||0||8||0||52||3
|-
|2006/07||33||1||7||0||0||0||9||0||49||1
|-
|2007/08||35||2||4||0||0||0||11||1||50||3
|-
|2008/09||24||0||3||0||1||0||11||0||39||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
399||10||34||0||24||0||85||1||542||11
399||10||34||0||24||0||85||1||542||11
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1997||1||0
|-
|1998||4||0
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||2||0
|-
|2001||9||0
|-
|2002||9||1
|-
|2003||5||0
|-
|2004||3||0
|-
|2005||8||0
|-
|2006||12||0
|-
|2007||8||1
|-
|2008||8||1
|-
|2009||4||0
|-
!Total||76||3
|}

References 

1978 births
Living people
English footballers
Manchester United F.C. players
Sportspeople from London
Premier League players
Jack Charlton (8 May 1935 – 10 July 2020) was an English former footballer and manager. He played for England national team.

His younger brother was Bobby Charlton.

He died on 10 July 2020 in Northumberland at the age of 85. He had dementia and lymphoma.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1952-53||rowspan="21"|Leeds United||rowspan="4"|Second Division||1||0
|-
|1953-54||0||0
|-
|1954-55||1||0
|-
|1955-56||34||0
|-
|1956-57||rowspan="4"|First Division||21||0
|-
|1957-58||40||0
|-
|1958-59||39||1
|-
|1959-60||41||3
|-
|1960-61||rowspan="4"|Second Division||41||7
|-
|1961-62||34||9
|-
|1962-63||38||2
|-
|1963-64||25||3
|-
|1964-65||rowspan="9"|First Division||39||9
|-
|1965-66||40||6
|-
|1966-67||28||5
|-
|1967-68||34||5
|-
|1968-69||41||3
|-
|1969-70||32||3
|-
|1970-71||41||6
|-
|1971-72||41||5
|-
|1972-73||18||3
629||70
629||70
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1965||9||0
|-
|1966||16||3
|-
|1967||2||1
|-
|1968||1||0
|-
|1969||5||2
|-
|1970||2||0
|-
!Total||35||6
|}

References 

1935 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Deaths from lymphoma
English football managers
English footballers
Sportspeople from Northumberland
Mick McCarthy (born 7 February 1959) is a former Irish football player. He has played for Republic of Ireland national team. He currently manages Ipswich Town Football Club, having brought them out of relegation in his first season there in 2012.

Club career statistics

|-
|1977/78||rowspan="7"|Barnsley||rowspan="2"|Fourth Division||46||1
|-
|1978/79||46||2
|-
|1979/80||rowspan="2"|Third Division||44||1
|-
|1980/81||43||1
|-
|1981/82||rowspan="3"|Second Division||42||1
|-
|1982/83||39||1
|-
|1983/84||12||0
|-
|1983/84||rowspan="4"|Manchester City||rowspan="2"|Second Division||24||1
|-
|1984/85||39||0
|-
|1985/86||rowspan="2"|First Division||38||0
|-
|1986/87||39||1

|-
|1987/88||rowspan="2"|Celtic||rowspan="2"|Premier Division||22||3
|-
|1988/89||26||5

|-
|1989/90||Olympique Lyonnais||Division 1||10||1

|-
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|Millwall||First Division||6||0
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Second Division||12||0
|-
|1991/92||17||2
447||11
48||8
10||1
505||20
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1984||4||0
|-
|1985||7||0
|-
|1986||6||0
|-
|1987||7||0
|-
|1988||9||1
|-
|1989||5||0
|-
|1990||12||0
|-
|1991||3||0
|-
|1992||4||1
|-
!Total||57||2
|}

References

1959 births
Living people
Irish footballers
Irish football managers
People from South Yorkshire
Ali Daei (born 21 March 1969) is a former Iranian football player. He has played for Iran national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Persepolis||rowspan="2"|Azadegan League||25||15
|-
|1995/96||13||8

|-
|1996/97||Al-Sadd||Stars League||16||10

|-
|1997/98||Arminia Bielefeld||Bundesliga||25||7
|-
|1998/99||Bayern Munich||Bundesliga||23||6
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="3"|Hertha Berlin||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||28||3
|-
|2000/01||23||3
|-
|2001/02||8||0

|-
|2002/03||Al-Shabab Dubai||UAE League||25||11

|-
|2003/04||Persepolis||Pro League||28||16
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Saba Battery||rowspan="2"|Pro League||25||12
|-
|2005/06||26||11
|-
|2006/07||Saipa||Persian Gulf Cup||26||10
143||72
16||10
107||19
25||11
291||112
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1993||16||7
|-
|1994||1||0
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||18||22
|-
|1997||17||9
|-
|1998||13||9
|-
|1999||5||2
|-
|2000||19||20
|-
|2001||16||10
|-
|2002||4||2
|-
|2003||9||5
|-
|2004||16||17
|-
|2005||9||4
|-
|2006||6||2
|-
!Total||149||109
|}

References 

1969 births
Living people
Iranian footballers
Iranian football managers
Carsten Ramelow (born 20 March, 1974) is a former German football player. He has played for Germany national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1991-92||rowspan="5"|Hertha Berlin||rowspan="5"|2. Bundesliga||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1992-93||3||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||1
|-
|1993-94||27||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||27||2
|-
|1994-95||31||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||2
|-
|1995-96||17||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|1995-96||rowspan="13"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="13"|Bundesliga||15||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||2
|-
|1996-97||32||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||2
|-
|1997-98||33||2||colspan="2"|-||9||1||42||3
|-
|1998-99||27||4||6||0||4||0||37||4
|-
|1999-00||26||0||3||0||6||0||35||0
|-
|2000-01||32||2||8||0||6||1||46||3
|-
|2001-02||32||2||8||0||14||2||54||4
|-
|2002-03||32||1||colspan="2"|-||9||0||41||1
|-
|2003-04||31||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||2
|-
|2004-05||31||1||colspan="2"|-||10||0||41||1
|-
|2005-06||25||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||2
|-
|2006-07||13||2||colspan="2"|-||6||2||18||4
|-
|2007-08||4||1||colspan="2"|-||1||0||5||2
413||28||25||0||65||6||503||33
413||28||25||0||65||6||503||33
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1998||3||0
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||7||0
|-
|2001||9||0
|-
|2002||12||0
|-
|2003||10||2
|-
|2004||2||1
|-
!Total||46||3
|}

References

1974 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Berlin
Geysir (sometimes known as The Great Geysir) is a geyser in Iceland. It is in the Haukadalur valley, Iceland. It is the oldest known geyser and one of the world's most impressive ones. The English word geyser comes from Geysir. Geysir is on the slopes of Laugarfjall hill at . The Strokkur geyser is about 400 metres south of Geysir.

Eruptions at Geysir can send boiling water up to 60 metres in the air. However, eruptions may be infrequent. In the past, they have in the past stopped altogether for years at a time.

Iceland
Geysers
A music recording sales certification is the award system that a country uses for music sales.

Almost all countries have a type of sales certification, often using RIAA certification categories (such as gold, platinum and diamond). The number of sales that an album needs before it gets an award is different in each country, depending on the population of the country. In some sales certifications, there may be different awards for the type of music recording sold, such as albums, singles, or videos.

 United States

United Kingdom

References

Music industry

de:Schallplattenauszeichnung
The Canadian Recording Industry Association is a non-profit trade organization that was founded in 1964 to represent the interests of Canadian companies that create, manufacture and market sound recordings in Canada. The organization is based in Toronto.

CRIA is governed by a board of directors who are elected annually by CRIA members.  To be eligible for election a candidate for the board must be among the chief executive officers of member companies of the organization.  Graham Henderson (Universal Music Canada) is the current president of the CRIA.

Album certifications
The CRIA certifications for albums are:
40,000 units: Gold
80,000 units: Platinum
1,000,000 units: Diamond 

Note: Multi-Platinum refers to how many times the album has reached 100,000 units sold.

Other websites
 Canadian Recording Industry Association Website 
 London Free Press article on the decision
 Full text of the decision (PDF) 
 CBC: CRIA wants tougher internet piracy law in Canada
 CRIA Falling Apart 
 Demonoid

References

Music industry
Non-profit organizations
The British Phonographic Industry (BPI) is the British record industry's trade association. Its membership comprises hundreds of music companies including all four 'major' record companies (Warner Music Group, EMI, Sony BMG, and Universal Music Group), associate members such as manufacturers and distributors, and hundreds of independent music companies representing literally thousands of labels.
It has represented the interests of British record companies since being formally incorporated in 1973 when the principal aim was to fight copyright infringement.

It founded the annual BRIT Awards for the British music industry, as well as the Mercury Prize for the Album of the Year.

Sales certificates
The British Phonographic Industry awards certificates for music releases in Britain. The level of the award varies depending on the format of the release and the number sold. BPI certificates are not automatic; the record company must pay a fee to the BPI and they carry out an audit into the release in question. Certificates are usually awarded on the basis of the number of units the release has shipped, rather than the number it has sold.

Other websites
 British Phonographic Industry, The
 BPI Radar 

Music industry
1973 establishments in Europe
1970s establishments in the United Kingdom
A gramophone record (or just record) is a type of analog storage medium. It stores recorded music (or other sounds). It was popular during most of the 20th century. Gramophone records are played on a phonograph ("record player").

A gramophone record is a flat disk that is usually made of plastic. The sound is recorded on a very fine line or groove which goes around and around in a spiral from the outside edge of the disk to the center. The phonograph plays the sound with a needle that touches the groove. A record usually has different music on each side. When made of vinyl they were also known as vinyl records. Most music made in the 20th century used this format.
 
Thomas Edison made early phonographs in the 1870s. He originally used tin foil to record the sound.  Soon wax cylinders were used in place of the tin foil. The cylinders could be taken off the machine and put back on without destroying the recording. Although discs were made as early as 1888, it was not until 1902 that discs became more popular than cylinder records. Discs were first made of a shellac mixture, and later of polyvinyl chloride, often abbreviated as "vinyl". Singles usually carried only one or two songs or recordings. EPs (extended play records) carried from three to five songs. Albums carried many more recordings; a dozen was normal, or from 30 to 45 minutes of playing time. These formats are still used today, with digital recordings, and playing time for singles and albums has grown considerably.

Vinyl records lost popularity but never went out of production. Now, in recent years vinyl is gaining popularity, while CD record shops have gone out of business, more and more vinyl only record shops are opening. CD and other digital formats have a much higher objective sound quality (closeness to the original) than vinyl, but many argue the higher subjective (heard by the ear) sound quality of vinyl compared to newer formats. This higher subjective quality comes from changes to the sound caused by the record cutting and pressing process.

Audio disc
Storage devices