cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mandela: The Authorized Biography is a biography of Nelson Mandela, first President of South Africa. It was written by journalist Anthony Sampson.  It was published in 1999, five years after Mandela's autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom. Sampson's book was one of the first to talk about such issues such as Winnie Mandela's crimes, and State President Frederik Willem de Klerk's suspected attempts to use the security forces to derail peace talks.

References

1999 books
Nelson Mandela
Andrés Pastrana Arango (born 17 August 1954) was the 30th President of Colombia from 1998 to 2002, following in the footsteps of his father, Misael Pastrana Borrero, who was president from 1970 to 1974.

In 1982, he began his political career, gaining a seat on the local Bogotá council. He also specialized in press articles on the production and trafficking of cocaine, for which he gained many journalistic awards. In 1991 he was elected Senator.

Arango was born on 17 August 1954 in Bogotá, Colombia. He studied at Our Lady of the Rosary University and at Harvard University. Arango married Nohra Puyana Bickenbach in 1981. They have three children.

His father, Misael Pastrana Borrero (1923 – 1997), was the 23rd President of Colombia serving from 1970 through 1974. His mother was consort María Cristina Arango Vega (1928 – 2017).

References

Other websites

Biography by CIDOB 
El Colombiano - President Pastrana's job performance 
El Tiempo - President Uribe and ambassador Pastrana meet 
El Tiempo - Ex president Pastrana accuses Constitutional Court 

1954 births
Living people
Presidents of Colombia
Ambassadors of Colombia
Roman Catholics
People from Bogotá
Jiangsu is a province on the east coast of mainland China. Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north, Anhui to the west, and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south. The capital of the province is Nanjing. Nanjing is the old capital of China.

Other websites

Provinces of China
Hell in a Cell (2013) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on October 27, 2013 at the American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida. It was the fifth yearly event with the "Hell in a Cell" name.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Hell in a Cell 2013 website

2013 in professional wrestling
World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
Sports in Miami, Florida
2013 in the United States
2010s in Miami, Florida
is a manga series written and illustrated by Hajime Isayama. It was adapted into an anime series and was produced by Wit Studio and Production I.G.  A 2015 film of the same name was released.

Plot
The series follows the story of Eren Jäger (a teenager boy), his adopted sister,  Mikasa Ackerman, and their friend Armin Arlert (Emotional blond baby). They live in a world after the apocalypse caused by man-eating human-like giants called Titans, and they're members of what is likely the last surviving bit of civilization. Their civilization is surrounded by three protective walls called Wall Maria, Wall Rose, and Wall Sina. Eventually, Wall Maria, the outermost wall, is destroyed by the skinless Colossal Titan and the powerful big Armored Titan, leading other titans to infiltrate the outermost areas of civilization and begin their slaughter. The destruction that was caused by the titans kills Eren's mother and he vows revenge against the Titans. Eren enlists in the military and is also accompanied by Mikasa and Armin. Years after his first battle against the Titans, Eren finds out that he has the ability to transform into a Titan at will. After others found this out, Eren was seen as a threat to mankind by some but was also seen as a chance of hope by others. He later joins his companions to fight and protect what remains of their society while he also looks for answers to the mysteries surrounding the Titans, the Walls, as well as his own existence.

Anime
The anime was directed by Tetsurō Araki. It started broadcasting in Japan on July 8, 2013. It aired on MBS and ran from April 6, 2013 to September 28, 2013. Funimation began releasing the series in North America on home video in 2014. 
The second season of the anime series aired between April 1, 2017 and June 17, 2017. A trailer for the third season was released on April 27, 2018. The series started broadcasting in Japan in July 23, 2018.

Reception
The series has been highly praised and has won multiple awards including the Kodansha Manga Award in the shōnen category in 2011 and best director, best script, best soundtrack, runner-up for commercial, best theme song, top female character, and title of the year in the 3rd Newtype Anime Awards.

The series was nominated for both the 4th annual Manga Taishō award and the 16th annual Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize.

The 2012 edition of Kono Manga ga Sugoi! named the series the 8th best manga series for male readers. Six of the seven English volumes that were published in North America have charted on The New York Times Manga Best Seller list for the week of October 13, 2013, with volume one having been on the list for 19 weeks. Volume one was #2 on Nielsen BookScan's list of top 20 graphic novels in American bookstores for August 2013, and for the month of September, the series had more volumes on the list than any other series. The series was also named one of the Young Adult Library Services Association's "Great Graphic Novels for Teens"

References

Other websites
Official website (manga) 
Official website (anime) 

2013 television series debuts
2015 anime movies
2018 anime television series
Anime series based on manga
Manga
Spiritual warfare is a Christian belief of fighting against bad supernatural forces (demons). The existence of bad spirits which can affect humans is the main idea for this belief system. Many Christian groups have used ideas of this movement to hold back these bad forces. These ideas mainly come from Christian demonology. A way to fight these forces is by using prayer. Exorcisms (removing demons), laying-on of hands, fasting, or anointing with oil are also used.

Famous believers in spiritual warfare

Billy Graham
Pope John Paul II
Gabriele Amorth
D. L. Moody
Billy Sunday
John Livingstone Nevius
Don Basham
Derek Prince
C. Peter Wagner
Merrill Unger

Criticism
Some well known people, such as Bill Ellis, Elliot Miller (Christian Research Institute),  and Gretchen Passantino have claimed that ideas in spiritual warfare are based on Christian stories that are not from the Bible. These stories are not considered true by Christians who believe that only the Bible is fact.

More reading
 James K. Beilby and Paul Rhodes Eddy, eds., Understanding Spiritual Warfare: Four Views (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2012).

Christian theology
The family Procellariidae is a group of seabirds. It is made up of the fulmarine petrels, the gadfly petrels, the prions, and the shearwaters. This family is part of the bird order Procellariiformes (or tubenoses), which also includes the albatrosses, the storm-petrels, and the diving petrels.

Seabirds
Puffinus is a genus of seabirds in the order Procellariiformes. It is made up of about 20 small to medium-sized shearwaters. Two other shearwater genera are named: Calonectris, which comprises three large shearwaters, and Procellaria with another four large species. The latter are usually called 'petrels', although they are thought to be more closely related to the shearwaters than to the other petrels. Even though their name looks like puffin, the puffins are auks, and not related to the shearwaters in the genus Puffinus; the genus name Puffinus is actually a New Latin loanword based on the English "puffin".

Taxonomy 
Genus Puffinus

 (Sub)Genus Puffinus ("Puffinus" group) – smaller species, closely related to Calonectris
 Christmas Shearwater, Puffinus nativitatis 
 Galápagos Shearwater, Puffinus subalaris
 Fluttering Shearwater, Puffinus gavia 
 Hutton's Shearwater, Puffinus huttoni 
 Scarlett's Shearwater, Puffinus spelaeus (prehistoric)
 Yelkouan Shearwater, Puffinus yelkouan  
 Balearic Shearwater, Puffinus mauretanicus 
 Menorcan Shearwater, Puffinus sp. (prehistoric) – possibly extirpated population of extant species; tentatively placed in this group
 Dune Shearwater or Hole's Shearwater, Puffinus holeae (prehistoric)
 Lava Shearwater or Olson's Shearwater, Puffinus olsoni (prehistoric) –  tentatively placed in this group
 Little Shearwater, Puffinus assimilis 
 Bryan's Shearwater, Puffinus bryani
 Heinroth's Shearwater, Puffinus heinrothi 
 Audubon's Shearwater, Puffinus lherminieri 
 Persian Shearwater, Puffinus (lherminieri) persicus
 Tropical Shearwater or Baillon's Shearwater, Puffinus (lherminieri) bailloni
 Bannerman's Shearwater, Puffinus (lherminieri) bannermani
 Barolo Shearwater, Puffinus baroli
 Boyd's Shearwater, Puffinus boydi
 Manx Shearwater, Puffinus puffinus 
 Black-vented Shearwater, Puffinus opisthomelas 
 Townsend's Shearwater, Puffinus auricularis 
 Newell's Shearwater, Puffinus  newelli
 Rapa Shearwater, Puffinus (newelli) myrtae
 Bermuda Shearwater, Puffinus parvus (extinct) –  tentatively placed in this group
 (Sub)Genus Ardenna ("Neonectris" group) – larger species, a distinct lineage
 Pink-footed shearwater, Puffinus creatopus
 Flesh-footed Shearwater, Puffinus carneipes
 Great Shearwater, Puffinus gravis 
 Sooty Shearwater or "muttonbird" (New Zealand), Puffinus griseus 
 Short-tailed Shearwater or "muttonbird" (Southern Australia), Puffinus tenuirostris 
 Wedge-tailed Shearwater or "muttonbird" (Northern and western Australia), Puffinus pacificus 
 Buller's Shearwater, Puffinus bulleri 

Seabirds
No Mercy (2005) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on October 9, 2005 at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas. It was the eighth No Mercy event held by the WWE.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official No Mercy 2005 website

2005 in American television
2005 in professional wrestling
Sports in Houston, Texas
WWE No Mercy
2005 in Texas
2000s in Houston, Texas
Schistosoma mansoni is a parasite found in the intestines of humans. It is a trematode that is one of the major agents of the disease schistosomiasis. The type of schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni is intestinal schistosomiasis.

Parasites
Flatworms
Belly is a 1998 crime melodrama. It is about African American men and women who are caught up in violent drug-filled problems around New York City and Omaha. They begin off as friends who have elegant times and rob from others to make a living. Their friendship, however, goes downhill when their friends are raided by police and federal agents in Omaha and in New York. One friend is killed in the raid, and another gets arrested, after which he calls the girlfriend of his close associate while her telephone is wiretapped. That causes the close associate to turn against him. This movie has two different versions: one is longer than another. It was released November 1998. The reviews of the movie were not that positive. The movie was not a good performer at the box office.

References

Other websites

1998 crime movies
1998 drama movies
1990s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
American gangster movies
Film noir
Movies about drugs
Movies set in Nebraska
Movies set in New York City
Omaha, Nebraska
Tropical Storm Debby was a severe storm in some areas of the Caribbean region in September 1994. The highest winds of Debby were 70 mph. The storm did between $100 million to $130 million overall in damage. Nine people died because of this storm. Puerto Rico, Montserrat and the Dominican Republic were affected especially bad. Despite the severity, the name Debby was not retired the following spring.

1994 Atlantic hurricane season
1994 in North America
1990s in the Dominican Republic
20th century in Puerto Rico
Montserrat
Lenzie Academy is a secondary school in the town of Lenzie in the East Dunbartonshire council area of Scotland. Pupils from Lenzie, the village of Auchinloch and southern parts of Kirkintilloch go to the school. 
The school has had a number of pupils grow up to be famous in different fields.

Famous former pupils
 Moira Anderson (1938 - ), Singer
 Jane Duncan (1910–1976), Author (known at school by her birth name of Elizabeth Cameron )
 Andy Dunlop (1972 - ), Travis guitarist
 Andrew Henderson (1980 - ), rugby union player.
Tom Johnston (1882–1965), Secretary of State for Scotland during World War Two.
 Jimmy Mack (1934–2004), broadcaster
 Gus MacPherson (1968 - ), footballer.
 Ian McCartney (born 1951 - ), former MP, part of Tony Blair's cabinet He left school at 15 with no qualifications.
 Rhona McLeod, news reader.
 Nicola Raphael (1985–2001) – A girl whose suicide after bullying at the school led to legal action and a lot of media stories.
Melissa Reid, smuggler.
 Michael Shea (1938–2009), Press Secretary to Elizabeth II (1978–1987)

References

Other websites
Lenzie Academy Website

Schools in Scotland
Catopuma is a genus containing two small Asian felines, the bay cat (C. badia) and the Asian golden cat (C. temminckii). The bay cat is sometimes classified as Pardofelis bardia, and the marbled cat is also in that genus. Because the genetic evidence is that all three cats are closely related, they will probably all be put in Catopuma eventually.

The bay cat and the Asian golden cat are typically reddish brown in colour, with darker markings on the head. They live in forests in South East Asia. The bay cat is only found on the island of Borneo.

Felines
No Mercy (1999) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on October 17, 1999 at the Gund Arena in Cleveland, Ohio. It was the second No Mercy event held by the WWF.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official No Mercy 1999 website

1999 in professional wrestling
Sports in Cleveland, Ohio
WWE No Mercy
1999 in American television
20th century in Cleveland, Ohio
José María Morelos y Pavón (30 September 1765 – 22 December 1815) was a Mexican Roman Catholic priest and revolutionary rebel leader. He led the Mexican War of Independence movement. He led the movement after the execution of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in 1811. He was later captured by the Spanish colonial authorities. He was executed for treason in 1815, in San Cristóbal Ecatepec.

Morelos was born in the city of Valladolid, which is now Morelia, Michoacán.

People from Michoacán
1765 births
1815 deaths
19th century in Mexico
Executed people
Roman Catholics
No Mercy was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on May 16, 1999 at the Manchester Evening News Arena in Manchester, England. It was the first No Mercy event held by the WWF.

Matches

References

1999 in professional wrestling
WWE No Mercy
1999 in England
May events
History of Manchester
Pain & Gain is a melodramatic 2013 criminal-comedy movie. It is about events which take place between late 1994 until mid 1995. These events involve several gangsters called The Sun Gym Gang. They kidnap several people, kill others, use steroids, rob armored vehicles and do certain drugs. The events within the movie, however, are fictionalized or made up versions for events that actually happened. The events did happen, although the real-life events are far different from those in Pain & Gain. The movie got mixed reviews, only half of which were good or positive. It performed well, though, in the overall box office. It was released April 26, 2013. Mark Wahlberg and Dwayne Johnson are in this movie.

2010s thriller movies
2010s comedy-drama movies
2013 movies
"Sooner or Later" is a jazz ballad sung by Madonna. It is from the soundtrack of the movie Dick Tracy. The song was released in 1990. It won an Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 1991 Academy Awards. Several other musicians have covered this song.

1990 songs
Pop songs
Jazz music
Madonna songs
TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs is a yearly pay-per-view event from WWE. The matches during the TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs pay-per-views usually center around Tables, Ladders, and Chairs matches. TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs replaced Armageddon in WWE's December slot of their pay-per-view calendar.

Events

References

Other websites 
 Official website of TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs

WWE TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs
Thomas Harold Flowers, BSc, DSc, OBE (22 December 1905 – 28 October 1998) was a British engineer. During World War II, Flowers designed Colossus, the world's first programmable electronic computer, to help solve encrypted German messages.

The first Mark 1, with 1500 vacuum tube valves, ran at Dollis Hill in November 1943, and then at Bletchley Park in January 1944.

A Mark 2 redesign with 2,400 valves had begun before the first computer was finished. The first Mark 2 Colossus went into service at Bletchley Park on 1 June 1944, and immediately produced vital information for the imminent D-Day landing.

Results 
Flowers had a crucial meeting with Dwight D. Eisenhower and his staff on 5 June. A courier handed Eisenhower a note summarizing a Colossus decrypt. This confirmed that Hitler wanted no additional troops moved to Normandy, as he was still convinced that the preparations for the Normandy invasion were a diversionary feint. Eisenhower announced to his staff, "We go tomorrow".

Earlier, a report from Field Marshall Rommel on the western defences was decoded  by Colossus and showed that one of the drop sites for a  US parachute division was the base of a German tank division. The site was changed.

Years later, Flowers described the design and construction of these computers.

References 

1905 births
1998 deaths
People from London
Civil servants
British engineers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Unforgiven (2005) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on September 18, 2005 at the Ford Center in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. It was the seventh Unforgiven event held by the WWE.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Unforgiven 2005 website

2005 in professional wrestling
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
WWE Unforgiven
2005 in the United States
2000s in Oklahoma
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard (May 28, 1818 – February 20, 1893) was an American military officer, politician, inventor, writer, civil servant. He was the first prominent general of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Today, he is known as P. G. T. Beauregard, but he rarely used his first name as an adult.

Early life
Beauregard was born on May 28, 1818 in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana. He was raised in New Orleans, Louisiana. Beauregard studied at the United States Military Academy.

Career
After the South seceded, he resigned from the US Army and became the first Confederate brigadier general. He commanded the defenses of Charleston, South Carolina, at the start of the Civil War at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. Three months later he won the First Battle of Bull Run near Manassas, Virginia.

Personal life
Beauregard was married to Marie Antoinette Laure Villeré from 1841 until her death in 1850 after giving birth to their third child. They had three children, René, Henri, and Laure. Then he was married to Caroline Deslonde from 1860 until her death in 1894. They had no children.

Later life
Following his military career, Beauregard returned to Louisiana, where he served as a railroad executive. He became wealthy because of his role in creating the Louisiana Lottery.

Death
Beauregard died on February 20, 1893 in his sleep from heart disease in his New Orleans, Louisiana home. He was 74 years old. He was buried at Metairie Cemetery in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Further reading
 Conrad, Glenn R. "Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard." In A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography, vol. 1, edited by Glenn R. Conrad. New Orleans: Louisiana Historical Association, 1988. .
 Robertson, William Glenn. Backdoor to Richmond: The Bermuda Hundred Campaign, April–June 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987. .
 Roman, Alfred. The Military Operations of General Beauregard in the War between the States, 1861 to 1865: Including a Brief Personal Sketch and a Narrative of his Services in the War with Mexico, 1846-8. New York, Da Capo Press, 1994. . First published 1884 by Harper & Brothers.
 Winters, John D. The Civil War in Louisiana. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963. .

References

Other websites

P. G. T. Beauregard biography and timeline 
Several Letters of P. G. T. Beauregard
The Citadel Archives, Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant, 1818-1893

1818 births
1893 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Confederate Army generals
American inventors
Businesspeople from New Orleans, Louisiana
Politicians from New Orleans, Louisiana
Writers from New Orleans, Louisiana
Kenneth William "Ken" Hechler (September 20, 1914 – December 10, 2016) was an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented West Virginia in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1959 to 1977. Hechler was the West Virginia Secretary of State from 1985 to 2001. He was currently the oldest living person to have served in the United States Congress.

Early life
Hechler was born in Roslyn, New York on September 20, 1914. He studied at Swarthmore College and later attended Columbia University.

Career
Hechler faced a close race for the first (and as it turned out, only) time in 1972. Following the 1970 Census, West Virginia's population was low. The state legislature merged Hechler's district with most of the old 5th District, comprising several coal-mining counties around Bluefield and Beckley.

The 5th had been represented by Democrat James Kee of Bluefield since 1965, and members of his family had held the district continuously since 1933. On paper, the new district favored Kee, who retained 65 percent of his former territory. However, Hechler routed him in the Democratic primary by almost 26 points and easily won reelection in November. He was reelected in 1974 after being unopposed in the primary and general election.

Later career
In 1976, he entered a multi-candidate primary for governor, but lost that statewide race by a large margin. In 1984 he ran for West Virginia Secretary of State and won. He was re-elected in 1988, 1992, and 1996. n 1990, he again ran, in the middle of his Secretarial term, for his old Congressional seat, but was defeated by Rahall in the primary. In 2004 he ran yet again for his old post as Secretary of State. This time, he won the Democratic primary by a plurality, but lost the general election to Republican Betty Ireland.

Personal life
Since 2004, Hechler has campaigned against mountaintop removal mining. On June 23, 2009, Hechler, then aged 94, participated in a protest near mountaintop removal mining sites in the West Virginia coalfields in the Coal River Valley along with others. He was one of 29 protesters arrested for trespass.

Hechler died under hospice care in Romney, West Virginia on December 10, 2016 from a stroke, aged 102.

References

Other websites
Ken Hechler  official site
Ken Hechler for West Virginia  official campaign site
Oral History Interview with Ken Hechler, Harry S. Truman Library & Museum, November 29, 1985 by Niel M. Johnson
 Ken Hechler 99th birthday 

1914 births
2016 deaths
American centenarians
Columbia University alumni
Episcopalians
Deaths from stroke
United States representatives from West Virginia
US Democratic Party politicians
Jersey Girl is a 2004 American drama-comedy movie. It was written and directed by Kevin Smith. It was produced by Scott Mosier. It stars Ben Affleck, Liv Tyler, Raquel Castro, George Carlin, Jason Biggs, Jennifer Lopez, Stephen Root, and Will Smith. Jason Lee, Matt Damon, and Betty Aberlin had cameo appearances.  

It was released on March 26, 2004 to negative reviews. Critic Roger Ebert thought the movie was good because he gave it 3.5 out of 4 stars. 

2004 comedy-drama movies
2004 romance movies
2000s romantic comedy movies
2000s romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies directed by Kevin Smith
Movies set in New Jersey
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in the 1990s
Screenplays by Kevin Smith
Pybba († ) (also Pibba or Wibba) was an early Anglian King of Mercia. He is the common ancestor of the Mercian kings in the four Mercian genealogies. As such he's considered by many historians to be the first known king of Mercia. He was the father of kings Penda and Eowa.

King of Mercia 

Pybba was the son of Creoda. The probable dates of his reign are from –. Henry of Huntingdon placed him in this same time period: "When Ceolric [ Ceol ] reigned over Wessex [591–597], Aethelfrith over Northumbria [593–616], and Pybba over Mercia, King Aethelberht of Kent and the Kentish people were converted to the faith [–]..." By this he is dated from the last decade of the 6th century into the first decade of the 7th century. The Mercian kings down to Ceolwulf all claimed to be descendants of Pybba. He also had a daughter who married (as his first wife) Cenwalh of Wessex Pybba either died or was deposed in .

Notes

References

Other websites 

 The Kings of Mercia 

Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Kings and Queens of Mercia
St Paul's Girls' School is a private secondary school for girls in Hammersmith, London. The headmistress is Clarissa Farr. It was started by the Worshipful Company of Mercers in 1904 as a female version of St Paul's School. It is one of a few schools in England that does not have a uniform, but there are strict rules about 'cleavages, thighs and midriffs'. The students are called Paulinas.

St Paul's is ranked the best secondary school in London. In 2012, 99.1% of A Level grades were A*-B. In 2013 100% of GCSE results were A*-B (as in the four previous years) and 91.2% were A*, the highest percentage ever at the school or in the country. Famous women who were pupils there include Carol Thatcher, Rachel Weisz, Dodie Smith, Jennifer Saunders, Kitty Godfree, and Onora Sylvia O'Neill, Baroness O'Neill of Bengarve. 100% of Paulinas go on to university and 45% go to Cambridge or Oxford.

References

1904 establishments in England
London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham
Schools in London
Wycombe Abbey is a private secondary boarding school for girls in High Wycombe, England. It has one of the best girls' boarding school exam results in the United Kingdom. 

37% of students go on to Oxford or Cambridge universities. It was started in 1896 by Dame Frances Gove. The headmistress is Rhiannon Wilkinson. It costs £11,100 per term for boarders. All girls year 79 have to learn Latin. It is a Church of England school with its own chapel.

References

Schools in Buckinghamshire
1896 establishments in England
John Chrysostom ( 347–407) was an Archbishop of Constantinople and an important Early Church Father. He is known for his powerful and persuasive words in preaching and public speaking. After his death in 407 C.E., he was given the Greek title "chrysostomos", meaning "golden mouthed" in English.

The Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches see him as a saint. He is also recognized by the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church as a saint. Western Churches, including the Roman Catholic Church, some Anglican Churches, and parts of the Lutheran Church, celebrate him by making 13 September a holiday. They also celebrate an Eastern feast day of 27 January. The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria also recognizes John Chrysostom as a saint.

John is known mainly as a preacher in Christianity, as well as a theologian and liturgist.

Other websites
On St. John Chrysostom's Antioch Years  by Pope Benedict XVI

340s births
407 deaths
Archbishops
Christian saints
Christian theologians
Eastern Orthodox Christians
Syrian Christians
The FAO Goodwill Ambassadors Programme started in 1999. The Food and Agriculture Organization is a part of the  United Nations.  The Ambassadors increase public awareness about hunger in the world.

Current Ambassadors
Current FAO Goodwill Ambassadors, and the year they were appointed:

Dee Dee Bridgewater (singer, Actress), 1999
Rita Levi Montalcini (neurologist), 1999
Gina Lollobrigida (actress, photojournalist), 1999
Miriam Makeba (singer), 1999 (deceased in November 2008)
Gong Li (actress), 2000
Youssou N'Dour (singer, percussionist), 2000
Magida al Roumi, 2001
Al Bano Carrisi (singer), 2001
Gilberto Gil (musician), 2001
Mory Kanté (vocalist), 2001
Roberto Baggio (footballer), 2002
Debbie Ferguson-McKenzie (women's athletics), 2002
Massimo Ranieri (singer), 2002
Dionne Warwick (singer, actress), 2002
Associazione Nazionale Cantanti, 2002
Maná (pop/rock band), 2003
Khaled (Singer-songwriter), 2003
Noa (Singer), 2003
Justine Pasek (model), 2003
Oumou Sangaré (Singer), 2003
Raúl (footballer), 2004
Carla Fracci (dancer, actress), 2004
Ronan Keating (Singer), 2005
Beatrice Faumuina, 2005
First Lady of Paraguay, 2005
Chucho Valdés (pianist, composer), 2006
Anggun (Singer and songwriter), 2009
Margarita Cedeño de Fernández (First Lady of the Dominican Republic), 2009
Pierre Cardin (fashion stylist), 2009
Carl Lewis, (Olympic gold medalist), 2009
Fanny Lú, (singer) 2009
Patrick Vieira (footballer), 2010
Raoul Bova, (actor), 2010
Céline Dion, (singer), 2010
Lea Salonga, (singer), 2010
Susan Sarandon, (actress), 2010
Her Highness Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak al Ketbi, (Mother of the Nation, United Arab Emirates), 2010
Jeremy Irons, (actor), 2011

Other websites
FAO Goodwill Ambassadors 

United Nations
1999 establishments
Felsted School is a boarding school in Felsted, England. It is for girls and boys aged 4 to 18. Ofsted rated it 'outstanding' in June 2011. In 2013, 97% of students got 5 A*-C grades in their GCSE examinations.

References

Schools in England
Essex
Colchester Royal Grammar School (CRGS) is a grammar school in Colchester. It was started by Master John and Joseph Elianore in 1206. Since 2006 it has had the best A-level results in the country every year. 100% of students get 5 A*-C GCSEs including English and Maths.

References

Schools in England
Essex
1206 establishments in Europe
13th-century establishments in England
Vocaloid is a music software that's used to make vocals for music. It was created by Yamaha, a company that sells musical instruments, as well as other products. The user can type in lyrics and a melody and it will synthesize singing. Voicebanks for Vocaloid are made by recording samples of singers.

Vocaloid was developed partially through a research project led by Kenmochi Hideki. The people involved in this project later created the company Voctro Labs. Vocaloid was originally not supposed to be a commercial product, but with the help of Yamaha, became the program we know today.

Vocaloid originally only had an English version available, with two English voicebanks, Leon and Lola, being released for it. This changed later on with the release of Kaito and Meiko, which were both Japanese voicebanks.

Vocaloid is meant both for professional and amateur music makers, since Vocaloid is easy to use, so the only limit is the user's skill. Music groups like Livetune and Supercell have made music using Vocaloid voicebanks.

Technology 
Vocaloid works by taking samples of singers and separating them into parts. These parts are used to form words. Vocaloid voices can be made to sound more realistic by using vibrato and changing things like how breathy a voice sounds.

History

Vocaloid 
Yamaha started working on Vocaloid in 2000. They announced it at a German music festival. Vocaloid was originally nicknamed "Daisy" as a reference to the song "Daisy Bell", but eventually they got rid of that name and decided to use "Vocaloid" instead.

Vocaloid 2 
Vocaloid 2 was announced in 2007. The way vocals were synthesized was changed, and so was the way the program looked.

Vocaloid 3 
Vocaloid 3 was released on October 21st, 2011. A lot of companies that made voicebanks for Vocaloid 2 upgraded their voicebanks to Vocaloid 3 because it sounded better.

Vocaloid 4 
Vocaloid 4 was released in 2015, and added a feature which let voicebanks made specifically for Vocaloid 4 sound like they were growling.

Vocaloid 5 
Vocaloid 5 was released in 2018, with an overhauled user interface and substantial engine improvements.

References

Other websites
 Official website 
 Official website (in English)
 Unofficial wiki

Music software
The Holt School is a secondary school for girls  in Wokingham, Berkshire, England. It has over 1200 girls from ages 11-18. Boys are admitted to the sixth form. The school was founded in the 1930s. It is a specialized language and science college. It is in the top 200 highest achieving schools in GCSE, AS and A level exam results.

Ofsted judged the school to be 'outstanding' and the sixth form to be 'good'. In 2013 88.3% of students got 5 A*-Cs in their GCSEs.

References

1930s establishments in England
Berkshire
Schools in England
The Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted) inspects all state schools in England. It writes reports about how good they are. It is funded by the government. It is organised under the Education (Schools) Act 1992. Michael Wilshaw is the head. It hires Additional Inspectors (AI) who do most of the inspections. It also hires Her Majesty's Inspectors (HMI) who come to 6-7% of inspections.

Ofsted's main office is on Kingsway, in central London.

Other websites 
 Official website

Education in England
1992 establishments in England
London
King Edward VII School is a secondary school and language college in Sheffield, England started in 1905. It has a sixth form. This means that students can study there until the age of 18. 50% of sixth form students come from other schools in Sheffield.  It is named after King Edward VII of the United Kingdom. In 2013 Ofsted said that the school 'requires improvement'.

References 

Schools in England
Sheffield
1905 establishments in England
Goetia is a practice which involves invoking ("calling") angels and demons. The word came from the 17th-century grimoire The Lesser Key of Solomon. It describes the calling of seventy-two demons. The book was edited by Aleister Crowley in 1904. It was then called The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King.

The word comes from the , meaning "charm".

More reading
Aleister Crowley (ed.), Samuel Liddell Mathers (trans.),  The Goetia: The Lesser Key of Solomon the King. York Beach, ME : Samuel Weiser (1995) .
Stephen Skinner,  & David Rankine, The Goetia of Dr Rudd: The Angels and Demons of Liber Malorum Spirituum Seu Goetia (Sourceworks of Ceremonial Magic). Golden Hoard Press, 2007. 

Occult
Magic (paranormal)
Demons
Mattias Clement (born January 19, 1988 in Vancouver, British Columbia) better known by his ring name Tyler Breeze, is a Canadian professional wrestler currently signed to WWE where competes on the RAW brand with tag team partner Fandango.

Career
Clement first wrestled for Power Zone Wrestling in 2007 where he competed under the ring name "Mattias Wild". He had his first match on April 25, 2007 where he defeated Rage O'Reilly.

Clement competed for NWA Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling for their Wrestling with Hunger charity event. In May 2, Clement won a match against Alex Plexis and qualified for the first round of the 2009 Pacific Cup. He lost in the first round to Billy Suede on June 6, 2009. On September 5, 2009, he teamed with Dan Myers in the first round match for the ECCW Tag Team Championship but they lost against Jamie Diaz and Nick Price. On October 3, 2009, Clement competed in his last match with ECCW before he went to Prairie Wrestling Alliance. During his time in ECCW, he was trained by Lance Storm in Calgary, Alberta. After his time with Prairie Wrestling Alliance was over, he returned to ECCW for a last match on September 11, 2010 where he lost to Billy Suede.

On December 2, 2010, Clement debuted for Florida Championship Wrestling at a live event and made his television debut under the ring name Mike Dalton on the July 17, 2011 episode of FCW TV where he lost to Alexander Rusev. On November 17, 2011, he earned his first win in FCW when he defeated Peter Orlov. He won a Battle Royal on December 15 to earn a number one contenders match for the FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship. He faced Leo Kruger but lost the match. He won the FCW Heavyweight Championship on February 2, 2012 after he defeated Kruger but he lost the rematch and the belt to Kruger after only 21 days.

FCW was rebranded into NXT Wrestling and Clement began wrestling on NXT where he teamed with CJ Parker in a loss to the Ascension (Kenneth Cameron and Conor O'Brian) in his first match. On the August 1, 2012, he teamed with Jason Jordan and they defeated the team of Hunico and Camacho. They lost in a rematch against Hunico and Camacho on August 29.

On the July 24, 2013 episode of NXT, Clement debuted a new gimmick where he plays a narcissistic model under the name Tyler Breeze who loves taking pictures of himself with his cell phone while he competes in his matches.

Championships
Florida Championship Wrestling
FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship (one time)
FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Leakee)
Prairie Wrestling Alliance
PWA Tag Team Championship (one time) – with Dan Myers

References

Other websites
WWE profile

1988 births
Living people
Canadian professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Vancouver
WWE wrestlers
Peada (died 656) was briefly the King of Mercia. From  he had been King of the Middle Angles. Peada was a pagan who accepted baptism in order to marry the daughter of Oswiu of Northumbria.

King in Mercia 
Peada was a son of King Penda. In  he was made king of the Middle Angles by his father. The Middle Angles were a group of peoples located between Mercia and East Anglia. They later became part of Mercia. Peada asked for the hand of Alflaed, daughter of Oswiu of Northumbria. Oswiu agreed on condition Peada and his kingdom became Christian. In 653 Peada was baptised by Finan, Bishop of Lindisfarne, and married Alflaed. On 15 November 655 the armies of Oswiu and Penda met in battle near Leeds. Although he had the larger army, Penda was killed. This established Oswiu as king of all Northumbria and as overlord of all the English south of the River Humber. Oswiu ruled northern Mercia himself, but gave southern Mercia to Peada to rule as king. Peada was murdered five months later - probably upon the orders of his wife Alflaed. Mercians rebelled against Oswiu, and Peada's brother Wulfhere became king of Mercia.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 The Kings of Mercia 

Year of birth unknown
650s deaths
Converts to Christianity
Kings and Queens of Mercia
The Day Reagan Was Shot is a 2001 historical television-movie. It was co-produced by Oliver Stone.

Plot
It was based on the events of Ronald Reagan's assassination attempt on March 30, 1981. It stars Richard Dreyfuss and Richard Crenna. It was released on December 9, 2001.

Cast
Richard Dreyfuss as Alexander Haig
Richard Crenna as Ronald Reagan
Colm Feore as Caspar Weinberger
Michael Murphy as Michael Deaver
Holland Taylor as Nancy Reagan
Kenneth Welsh as James Baker
Leon Pownall as Ed Meese
Robert Bockstael as Dick Allen (Richard V. Allen)
Beau Starr as Special Agent Cage
Alex Carter as Dr. Allard
Andrew Tarbet as Dr. Gregorio
Christian Lloyd as John Hinckley, Jr.
Sean McCann as Donald Regan
Jack Jessop as William J. Casey
John Connolly as James Brady
Angela Gei as Sarah Brady
Michael Greene as George Bush
Yannick Bisson as Buddy Stein
Frank Moore as Lt. Col. Taylor
Ken James as General Yates
Oliver Dennis as David Gergen
Bernard Behrens as William F. Smith
Tiffanie Bell as Nurse Sally
Wayne Best as FBI Agent Kirkus
Christopher Bondy as White House Reporter
Brendan Connor as White House Reporter
Neil Crone as Lyn Nofziger
James Downing as Bagman
Dan Duran as Network Anchor
Greg Ellwand as Night Time News Host

Awards
American Cinema EditorsWon: Best Edited Motion Picture for Non-Commercial Television (Paul Seydor)Satellite Awards
Won: Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film (Richard Dreyfuss)
Won: Best Television Film

'''Screen Actors Guild Awards
Nominated: Outstanding Male Actor – Miniseries or Television Film (Richard Dreyfuss)

References

Other websites

2001 movies
American television movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Kenneth Welsh, CM (born March 30, 1942 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) is a Canadian-American movie and television actor (sometimes credited as Ken Welsh). He is known for his roles in Twin Peaks and in The Aviator. He also appeared in The Day Reagan Was Shot and in The Day After Tomorrow.

References

Other websites

Kenneth Welsh  at northernstars.ca
Excerpts from an Interview with Kenneth Welsh, conducted by Charles Prepolec on September 8, 2000.

1942 births
Living people
Actors from Alberta
American movie actors
American television actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Entertainers from Edmonton
Edwin "Ed" Meese, III (born December 2, 1931) is an American attorney, law professor, and author.

Early life
Meese was born on December 2, 1931 in Oakland, California. He studied at Yale University and at the University of California-Berkeley.

Career
He served under Ronald Reagan's administration back when Reagan was Governor (1967–1974), the Reagan Presidential Transition Team (1980), and under Reagan's presidential administration (1981–1985). Meese was the 75th Attorney General of the United States (1985–1988), a position from which he resigned while serving in office under investigation from a special prosecutor.

Honors
On October 8, 2019, president Donald Trump presented Meese the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the United States.

Books
 Judicial Tyranny: The New Kings of America? - contributing author (Amerisearch, 2005) 
 The Heritage Guide to the Constitution, 
 With Reagan, 1992, Regnery Gateway, 0-89526-522-2

References

Other websites

 Edwin Meese profile, NNDB
 Attorney General's Commission on Pornography
 Final Report of the Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters - U.S. Court of Appeals
 Meese's bio at the Mercatus Center
 

1931 births
Living people
United States Attorneys General
Lawyers from Oakland, California
Educators from Oakland, California
Businesspeople from Oakland, California
Politicians from Oakland, California
US Republican Party politicians
William Joseph Casey (March 13, 1913 – May 6, 1987) was an American politician. He was the Director of Central Intelligence from 1981 to 1987 under Ronald Reagan. In this capacity he oversaw the entire United States Intelligence Community and personally directed the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

Casey was born on March 13, 1913 in Elmhurst, Queens, New York. He studied at Fordham University and at Saint John's University, New York Casey died on May 6, 1987 from brain cancer in Roslyn Harbor, New York, aged 74.

References

Other websites
 
 Article on William Casey at the NNDB

1913 births
1987 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency
Spies
US Republican Party politicians
Politicians from New York City
Members of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Global city (or world city) is a city that is widely considered to be an important part of the world economy. Most studies recognise London and New York City as the two most important global cities.

Related pages 
 Metropolis

References

Other websites 

 Repository of Links Relating to Urban Places 
 The World-System’s City System: A Research Agenda  by Jeffrey Kentor and Michael Timberlake of the University of Utah and David Smith of University of California, Irvine
 The State of the World's Cities, 2001 , UN Human Settlements Programme

Urban planning
Economic geography
Cities
Randall Stuart "Randy" Newman (born November 28, 1943) is an American singer-songwriter, arranger, composer, and pianist. Newman is known for his voice and for his composition works for the Disney Pictures/Pixar movies. He is of Jewish descent and a atheist.

Early life
Newman was born on November 28, 1943 in Los Angeles, California. He was raised in New Orleans, Louisiana. Newman studied at University High School and at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Career
Since the 1980s, Newman has worked mostly as a movie composer. His movie scores include Ragtime, Awakenings, The Natural, Leatherheads, James and the Giant Peach, Meet the Parents, Cold Turkey, Seabiscuit and The Princess and the Frog. He has scored seven Disney-Pixar movie: Toy Story, A Bug's Life, Toy Story 2,  Monsters, Inc., Cars, Toy Story 3, and most recently, Monsters University.

Awards
Newman has been nominated for 20 Academy Awards, winning only two of them. He has also won three Emmys, six Grammy Awards, and the Governor's Award from the Recording Academy. Newman was added to the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2002. In 2007, he was honored as a Disney Legend. Newman was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2013.

Personal life
Newman was married to Roswitha Schmale, who was born in Germany, from 1967 to 1985, and they had three children. He has been married to Gretchen Preece, with whom he has two children, since 1990.

References

Other websites

Randy Newman: American Dreams, Kevin Courrier (2005) 
Interview with Randy Newman on the Art of Songwriting 
Randy Newman in NPR's All Songs Considered
Randy Newman at Movieguide
Randy Newman at NNDB

1943 births
Living people
American movie score composers
American pianists
American singer-songwriters
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Emmy Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Jewish American musicians
Jewish atheists
Singers from Los Angeles
Singers from New Orleans, Louisiana
Musicians from Los Angeles
Musicians from New Orleans, Louisiana
Jean Gabin (; 17 May 190415 November 1976) was a French actor.  He also sometimes was a singer. Gabin is considered one of the great stars of French cinema.  He was made a member of the Légion d'honneur. A museum in Mériel contains his story and features, his war and film memorabilia.

At the age of 19, Gabin received a small role in a Folies Bergère production. He continued acting until he joined the military.  After his military service he began acting again.  He became part of a troupe that toured South America.  After returning to France they worked at the Moulin Rouge.

Gabin gained notice and received roles in films.  He became popular after being in films directed by Julien Duvivier.  He had many offers to work in Hollywood. When Germany occupied France in World War II, he went to the United States.  While there he had a romance with actress Marlene Dietrich.  He was difficult to work with and did not have success with his career in Hollywood.

Jean Gabin joined General Charles de Gaulle's Free French Forces.  He earned the Médaille militaire and a Croix de guerre for his wartime service in North Africa. 

After the war Gabin returned to acting. For several years his films did not make much money. Then the 1954 film Touchez pas au grisbi (Don't Touch the Loot) was a very profitable international success. Over the next twenty years, Gabin made close to 50 more films.

Other websites

 

1904 births
1976 deaths
French actors
The Division of Scullin is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It includes the northern suburbs of Epping, Lalor, Bundoora, Mill Park and Plenty.

The Division replaced the Division of Darebin in 1968. It was named after Rt Hon James Scullin, Prime Minister of Australia from 1929 to 1932.

Members

The Division has been held by two generations of the Jenkins family. Harry Jenkins, Sr. was the Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives from 1983 to 1986. His son Harry Jenkins was Deputy Speaker from 1993–1996, second Deputy Speaker from 1996–2007 and was Speaker from 2007 until 2011.

Election results
 2013 election results 
 2010 election results
 2007 election results
 2004 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Scullin - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
1968 establishments in Australia