cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Presbycusis is a type of sensorineural hearing loss which is caused by natural aging. Presbycusis occurs over time, becoming worse as people age and can not be reversed. It is the most common form of hearing loss and the second most common illness among older people, effecting up to 1 in 3 people by the age of 65.

Symptoms 
As a form of hearing loss, presbyusis will result in a decreased ability to hear sounds. Since it is a form of hearing loss that occurs over time, many people do not realise that they are affected and continue to believe that their hearing is normal. There are symptoms however that provide clear signs that hearing loss is present. 
Sounds, and speech becoming unclear 
Speech becoming harder to understand, especially of children and women 
Needing to increase volume when using TV, listening to music and the radio
Difficulty focusing on sounds when there is a lot of background noise
Tinnitus

Communication for people who are experiencing presbycusis usually will become a lot more difficult. Although noises may still sound loud, it is common that with this hearing loss, the sounds will not be clear. This is especially true when hearing high-pitched or high-frequency sounds.

Causes 
Unlike other forms of hearing loss such as noise-induced hearing loss it is a normal part of aging. Even though it occurs naturally, there are factors that can make it worse and make it happen earlier in life. Presbycusis is usually a form of sensorineural hearing loss, which means that it is due to problems in the inner ear or the hearing nerve due to loss or damage to the hair cells that line the inner ear. The most common causes of sensorineural hearing loss are exposure to loud noise for long periods of time as well as some diseases.

Management 
Most hearing loss can both be prevented or managed if the proper precautions are taken. 
Noise-induced hearing loss in particular, coming from exposure to loud sounds can be prevented by using protection as well as avoidance
Hearing loss can be managed through the use of hearing aids and is used by many elderly people experiencing presbycusis. Hearing aids are not only able to increase sound levels but also separate an increase relevant sounds, making them very useful in helping with hearing.

Other websites 
 National Hearing Care Find an audiologist in Australia for more information on hearing problems.
 Bay Audiology Find an audiologist in New Zealand for more information on hearing problems.

Hearing
Health problems
Hyperacusis is a hearing health problem where people become more sensitive to some sounds for certain frequencies and volumes. This can make everyday sounds such as a car, dishwasher or refrigerator sound very loud. It is usually very difficult to tolerate and can be uncomfortable or even painful for people experiencing it.

Symptoms 
The increasing sensitivity of the ears caused by hyperacusis is usually painful for many people. Not only can it negatively effect the everyday lives of people experiencing it, it can for some make it very difficult and even not possible to do their everyday jobs and take care of their responsibilities. There are many symptoms experienced by those with hyperacusis. 
Annoyance or pain caused by noise that sounds normal to other people. Often quiet sounds are not a problem whereas normal conversations can be too loud
Low sounds can still be too loud
Dizziness and nausea from loud sounds
Tinnitus affects a large portion - up to 89% - of those experiencing hyperacusis. Loud sounds can make tinnitus for these people worse

Causes 
Similarly to other hearing problems, hyperacusis can occur suddenly or gradually over time and is a problem that can affect people of all different ages in one or both ears. Again, like other forms of hearing problems, there are a variety of possible causes ranging from exposure to noise and other diseases.
Extremely loud one-time sounds such as an explosion
Head injury or damage such as caused by a fall or slap
Long periods of exposure to loud sound 
Ear surgery and other medical procedures 
Diseases such as lyme disease and some medications

Although these are the main causes of hyeracusis and can be seen as causes related to most hearing problems, there are other less common, possible causes such as post-traumatic stress disorder.

Treatment 
Hyperacusis cannot always be fully cured, but for most patients the symptoms get better with time and treatment. Patients will need to learn to use hearing protection against sounds which are very loud, but to not use these in everyday situations. Protecting the ears too much will make the symptoms worse instead of better.  
Sound therapy is a popular form of treatment that is usually used to treat tinnitus. It involves using a noise-generator to put sound into the ears at a soft level for periods of time throughout the day in order to build tolerance to the pain caused by hyperacusis and to make the ears hear in a normal way again. 
Wear hearing protection in spaces with loud sounds to avoid pain
Short term medication
Counseling to better understand Hyperacusis and to learn not to overprotect the ears.

Hearing
Health problems
Bolesław Bierut was a Polish Communist leader. He became President of Poland after the Soviet Union took leadership of the country. Bierut was a strong supporter of Stalinism.

References

1892 births
1956 deaths
Polish communist politicians
Presidents of Poland
Prime Ministers of Poland
Atheists
A tinnitus masker is an electronic device that produces noise at low levels and is used by those experiencing tinnitus to cover up the ringing or other sounds they are hearing. Many people who experience tinnitus also have hearing loss and are able to use a hearing aid that also acts as a tinnitus masker. These devices will usually need to be customised by an audiologist to ensure that the masking noise used brings relief to the user as tinnitus is experienced differently by everyone.

Functionality 
Tinnitus is experienced differently by everyone. It can be occasional or constant, can come as different sounds and can be loud or soft. How loud it is (the sensation level) compared to other noise in the environment is an important factor when setting the sound generator. The level of noise produced by a sound generator depends on the sensation level of tinnitus experienced and can be close to this level of this noise or even louder. The purpose of this is to cover up the tinnitus sounds by having a constant noise playing in the background. Noise produced by a tinnitus masker, which is called white noise, is designed to be calming and less irritating than tinnitus sounds. Tinnitus maskers are not actually eliminating tinnitus or reducing it but provide a distraction to cover it up for those experiencing it. 

The idea behind tinnitus maskers can be explained by a light analogy. While turning on a lamp in a dark room will be very noticeable and the change in lighting will be very obvious, the change from turning a lamp on in a room that is already lit will not be very obvious. The change would have been masked by the other light that was already present in the room.

Medical equipment
Audio technology
Hearing
Fengning Manchu Autonomous County, Chengde City, Hebei Province jurisdiction, established in 1987. According to "Manchu name test": Fengning County name comes from Emperor Qianlong Yuci, take the word "Fung Fukang Corning."
Geographic location: longitude 116.65 ° north latitude 41.2 °

Qing Emperor Qianlong forty-three years (1778) was built Fengning county.

When the Republic of Fengning under the Rehe system.

In 1940 the county seat by the town moved to town.

May 1948 liberation.

December 2, 1986, the State Council approved the establishment of Fengning Manchu Autonomous County.

April 1987 Fengning Manchu Autonomous County officially listed.
 
Fengning paper cutting has a long history, Fengning folk paper-cut began in the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the beginning of paper-cut is used to reinforce the windows, blocking the window joints, and later gradually developed, gradually rich colors, the development of the characteristics of decorations, cultural values are also rising . 1993 Fengning was the Ministry of Culture named "Chinese folk paper-cut art town" now has Wei Wene, Shi Junfeng and other cultural heritage successor
 
In 2014, the Ministry of Culture website published "on the publicity of the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative list of projects recommended list" announcement, Fengning Teng cloth paste successfully included in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage Directory. Teng 's cloth painting is a new painting by Teng Teng, a folk artist of Fengning, Hebei. His technique is a combination of painting, sculpture, heap embroidery, thangka and paper - cutting, and the materials are exquisite, colorful and delicate. Realistic, drawn widely. 
  
Fengning is a famous revolutionary poet Guo Xiaochuan's hometown. Guo Xiaochuan, the famous poet, writer. Born in 1919, died in 1976. Guo Xiaoguan, formerly known as Guo Enda, was born in the Fengning Manchu Autonomous County town of Fengshan (at the time was the predecessor of Chengde - Rehe Province) an intellectual family. The main works are: "plain old man", "into the fiery struggle", "to young citizens", "Pengcheng Wanli", "general trilogy", "sugar cane forest - blue gauze", "Kunlun line".

Counties of China
Zweisimmen is a municipality in the administrative district of Obersimmental-Saanen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Bern
Zwieselberg is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Emanuel Swedenborg (; ; born Emanuel Swedberg on 29 January 1688; died 29 March 1772) was a Swedish scientist, philosopher, theologian, revelator, and mystic.  He is best known for his book on the afterlife, Heaven and Hell (1758). He was the father of mineralogy and physiology of brain.  

His writings inspired Swedenborgianism.

References 

1688 births
1772 deaths
18th-century philosophers
Christian mystics
Christian theologians
Lutherans
Writers from Stockholm
Scientists from Stockholm
Little Robots is a British stop-motion animated children's television programme of BBC.

The show was produced by Cosgrove Hall Films for Create TV and Film Limited and broadcasted by BBC. It aired from 2003 to 2005. The show was based on a book by Mike Brownlow published in 1999. The main character is Tiny, who is a turquoise robot.

Cast
Hayley Carmichael as Tiny
Lenny Henry as Sporty
Jimmy Hibbert as Stretchy
Morwenna Banks as Rusty
Martin Clunes as Stripy
Su Pollard as Noisy
Emma Chambers as Spotty
Mike Hayley as Scary
Mel Giedroyc as Sparky #1
Sue Perkins as Sparky #2

References

BBC Television programmes
2003 British television series debuts
2005 British television series endings
British children's television series
English-language television programs
The Panaro () is a river of northeastern Italy, the last important right tributary of the Po river. It starts in the Northern Apennines mountain range and flows through the Emilia-Romagna region.

Geography

The Panaro river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Course

The Panaro river, with the name Rio delle Tagliole, starts in the northern Apennines where Emilia-Romagna meets Tuscany, in the place called Foce a Giovo near the Monte Cimone.

From here it flows to the northeast down the valley. At Pievepelago (in the Modena province), its name changes to Scoltenna. Finally, the name is changed to Panaro after the confluence of the Scoltena and the Leo stream in the Montespecchio valley, Pavullo nel Frignano.

It borders the Parco regionale dei Sassi di Roccamalatina ("Regional Park of the Sassi di Roccamalatina") and keeps flowing to the north. South of Modena, in Ponte Guerro, it is joined by the Guerro stream and in Fossalta, a place to the east of Modena, it is joined, as a left tributary, by the Tiepido stream, its main tributary.

At Bomporto, the river joins the Naviglio de Modena ("Modena canal or waterway") and can be navigated until its confluence with the Po, on the border with the Veneto region and to the west of Ferrara.

The Panaro river flows through the cities of Vignola, Finale Emilia and Bondeno and just to the east of Modena.

Of historical and artistic interest is the bridge of Olina (), built in 1522 across the river (still called Scoltenna) near the town of the same name, in the commune of Pavullo nel Frignano

The Panaro flows mainly through the province of Modena but it also flows for a short distance in the Ferrara province after Finale Emilia. It flows through several comunes; some of them, all in the Modena province, Emilia-Romagna region, are:

 Pievepelago
 Pavullo nel Frignano
 Marano sul Panaro
 Guiglia
 Vignola
 Savignano sul Panaro

 Spilamberto
 San Cesario sul Panaro
 Modena
 Bomporto
 Finale Emilia
 Bondeno

Main tributaries 
The tributaries of the Panaro river are small streams; the most importants are the Guerro () and the Tiepido (); they join the Panaro from the left side.

Related pages
 List of rivers of Italy

References

Other websites

 Fiumi italiani - Fiume Panaro 

Emilia-Romagna
Rivers of Italy
Numa Pompilius was the second King of Rome. He succeeded Romulus in the year 715 BC. Numa was of Sabine origin. He is credited with creating the most important religious and cultural institutions in Rome most prominently the Pontifex Maximus, Most modern historians consider Numa to be pure legend and regard his reign as myth.

Kings and queens
Roman people
Exposure action value is a limit on the level of noise that workers can be exposed to. The level of noise is measured in decibels and after this level, the workplace needs to make sure that workers are protected from the noise. Safety plans need to be made to stop or lower the risk of hearing health problems for workers.

Workplace requirements 
It is the job of the employer to make sure that workers are safe at work by creating a program that will reduce the risk of any problems.

In order to control the level of noise in the workplace, a noise dosimeter which is a device that is used to measure the amount of noise in a workplace over time is used. These devices can be worn on the body of a worker to record the level of sound they hear throughout their whole work day as they move to different areas of the workplace. They can also be used to measure the level of noise in a large specific area of the workplace. How the device is used depends on the work environment. Some workers will be walking to different areas of a workplace throughout the whole day and hear different levels of sound but some will only be staying in one area. If the noise dosimeter shows that the level of noise reaches the exposure action value, the employer needs to start using the program they have created to stop any future damage to their worker's hearing health.

The first part of this program is to find out which workers are affected by the noise that is over the exposure action value. Once the workers have been found, they each need to do a hearing test. This will help employers figure out how much hearing protection they will need to keep their workers safe as well as be able to compare the hearing level of the workers at this time to hearing levels later on. If there are large changes, that usually means that workers need more help with their hearing health.

After the tests are done, employers will be able to give the workers the type of hearing protection that is best for them. Workers should be able to pick the kind of hearing protection that they would like and it should not cost them. Tests should continue to be done on the workers and their hearing protection to make sure that it still works.

In order to make sure that workers also take care of their own hearing, the workplace should also train workers to understand hearing health and how to keep their hearing healthy.

Hearing
Health problems
The Nazi salute or Hitler salute is a gesture that was used as a greeting in Nazi Germany. The salute is performed by extending the right arm in the air with a straightened hand. Usually, the person offering the salute would say "Heil Hitler!" (Hail Hitler!), "Heil, mein Führer!" (Hail, my leader!), or "Sieg Heil!" (Hail victory!). 

It was adopted in the 1930s by the Nazi Party to show obedience to the party's leader, Adolf Hitler. It also gave honour to the German nation (and later the German war effort). 

The salute was required for all civilians. It was mostly optional for military personnel who retained the traditional salute until shortly after the failed assassination attempt on Hitler on July 20, 1944.

In modern times 
Use of this salute is currently a criminal offense in Germany, Italy, Japan, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria and Uzbekistan. In Switzerland, France, Canada, the Netherlands and Sweden, the salute is illegal hate speech if used for promoting Nazi ideology.

References 

Nazism
Fascism
Slime Rancher is an Indie open world first person life simulation game video game made by Monomi Park. The game was put on Steam Early Access on January 14, 2016, with it to be completed for Windows, OS X and Linux. It is also planned for the Xbox one.

Gameplay 
The player controls a character called Beatrix LeBeau, a rancher who moves to another planet. The player must build their ranch to collect, raise and feed slimes who are Living creatures. The game is based around feeding slimes so they make "plorts" which the player can sell for gold. Gold is used for lots of things like, upgrading the players ranch and Upgrading the player. The player uses their VacPack which is used to store a certain amount of items.

This game is in Early Access so many things can still change.

Reception 
Reviews of this game have talked highly of it for its joyful atmosphere and bright colors.

References

Other websites 

MacOS games
Windows games
2016 video games
Xbox One games
PlayStation 4 games
Soledad Giménez Muñoz, also known as Sole Giménez (February 27, 1963 in Paris, Île-de-France) is a Spanish-French singer-songwriter. From 1983 until 2006, she was the leader of the jazz group Presuntos Implicados. Some of her best known songs are Alma de blues, Mi pequeño tesoro, and Cómo hemos cambiado.

Throughout her career, she has performed with such artists as Joaquín Sabina, María Dolores Pradera, Joan Manuel Serrat, Herbie Hancock, Milton Nascimento, Randy Crawford, Armando Manzanero, Pancho Céspedes, Ana Torroja, Miguel Ríos, Ana Belén, Revólver, Los Piratas, Los Sabandeños, Dúo Dinámico, and Enrique Heredia.

Biography

Early life 
Giménez was born and raised in Paris, France, where she lived until she was 5 years old. In 1968, she moved to Yecla, Region of Murcia, Spain, where her parents were from. Today she lives with her family in Valencia, Spain.

Education 
In 1974, she became member of the Purisima's Basilica girls choir of Yecla.

In 1981, she moved to Valencia, where she began to study fine arts at Facultad de San Carlos.

Musical career 
Two years later, her brother convinced her to send a demo to the RNE's music contest: Don Domingo and she was selected to perform on the radio with her band, Presuntos Implicados. At that time, there were eleven people in the band.

As a professional singer, she was hired by the U.S. label RCA. Her first singles were Miss Circuitos and Te voy a provocar, and her first LP album was Danzad, danzad malditos.

In 2003, she left Presuntos Implicados and began her career as soloist. In 2004, she released her first solo album, Ojalá.

Discography

With Presuntos Implicados

As soloist

References

Other websites
 Sole Giménez's website 

1963 births
Living people
French singer-songwriters
Musicians from Paris
Spanish singer-songwriters
Gisikon is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Homepage of Gisikon 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Greppen is a municipality in the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

It is at the base of huge Mount Rigi. The exclave is separated by Lake Lucerne from the rest of the district.

References

Municipalities of Lucerne
Honau is a municipality of the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Lucerne
There are 2 arrondissements in the Hautes-Alpes department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of the Hautes-Alpes are:

History
Since its creation, the Hautes-Alpes department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with four districts: Briançon, Embrun, Gap and Serres; the capital was Chorges but in the same year it was moved to Gap.
 1800 : creation of three arrondissements: Gap, Briançon and Embrun.
 1926 : the arrondissement of Embrun was eliminated.

Related pages
Arrondissement of Briançon
Arrondissement of Gap
List of arrondissements of France

References

Hautes-Alpes
The arrondissement of Briançon is a French arrondissement in the Hautes-Alpes department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Briançon.

History
When the Hautes-Alpes department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Briançon was part of that original department.

Geography
The arrondissement of Briançon is the most northern of the Hautes-Alpes department. It is bordered to the east by the Piedmont region (Italy), to the southeast by the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, to the south by the Gap arrondissement, to the west by the Drôme department and to the north by the Savoie department.

The arrondissement of Briançon is the smallest of the two arrondissements of the department both in area, , and population (35,752 inhabitants).

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

There are four cantons in the arrondissement of Briançon and all have their communes in the arrondissement:

 L'Argentière-la-Bessée (0501) (8 communes)
 Briançon-1 (0502) (9 communes and part of Briançon)
 Briançon-2 (0503) (3 communes and part of Briançon)
 Guillestre (0510) (16 communes)

Communes
The arrondissement of Briançon has 37 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

 Abriès (05001)
 Aiguilles (05003)
 L'Argentière-la-Bessée (05006)
 Arvieux (05007)
 Briançon (05023)
 Ceillac (05026)
 Cervières (05027)
 Champcella (05031)
 Château-Ville-Vieille (05038)
 Eygliers (05052)
 Freissinières (05058)
 La Grave (05063)
 Guillestre (05065)
 Molines-en-Queyras (05077)
 Le Monêtier-les-Bains (05079)
 Mont-Dauphin (05082)
 Montgenèvre (05085)
 Névache (05093)
 Puy-Saint-André (05107)
 Puy-Saint-Pierre (05109)
 Puy-Saint-Vincent (05110)
 Réotier (05116)
 Risoul (05119)
 Ristolas (05120)
 La Roche-de-Rame (05122)
 Saint-Chaffrey (05133)
 Saint-Clément-sur-Durance (05134)
 Saint-Crépin (05136)
 Saint-Martin-de-Queyrières (05151)
 Saint-Véran (05157)
 La Salle-les-Alpes (05161)
 Val-des-Prés (05174)
 Vallouise-Pelvoux (05101)
 Vars (05177)
 Les Vigneaux (05180)
 Villar-d'Arêne (05181)
 Villar-Saint-Pancrace (05183)

The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Hautes-Alpes department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Briancon
Rhyme royal is a seven-line stanza with rhyme scheme a-b-a-b-b-c-c. It is also spelled Rime royal.

It is unknown who invented this scheme. Geoffrey Chaucer introduced the stanza into English poetry in 14th century. It may have been borrowed from Italian or French poetry, but the form became typically English. Chaucer used the form in Troilus and Criseyde. Rhyme royal was popular in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Many English and Scottish poets used rhyme royal. It is suitable for long poems. In English literature rhyme royal is almost always composed of ten-syllable lines with five beats. Outside England rhyme royal is not as popular. In the United States Emma Lazarus wrote some poems using ababbcc rhyme-scheme. This stanza comes form her poem Sympathy (included in Epochs).

 It comes not in such wise as she had deemed,	
 Else might she still have clung to her despair.	
 More tender, grateful than she could have dreamed,	
 Fond hands passed pitying over brows and hair,	
 And gentle words borne softly through the air,	        
 Calming her weary sense and wildered mind,	
 By welcome, dear communion with her kind.

Poets who wrote rhyme royal frequently were William Morris and John Masefield. In 20th century the stanza went out of use.

References

Bibliography 
 Joseph Berg Esenwein, Mary Eleanor Roberts, Art of Versification. Revised edition. Springfield: 1920.

Poetry forms
The Buëch () is a river in southeastern France, a right tributary of the Durance. It is also called the Grand Buëch in its upper course just to the confluence with the Petit Buëch river.

Geography
The Buëch river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Laragne-Montéglin in the Hautes-Alpes department, for a period of 15 years.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Laragne-Montéglin

Course
The Buëch starts several kilometres to the east of col de la Croix-Haute, a mountain pass in the western side of the Massif du Dévoluy mountains, in the commune of Lus-la-Croix-Haute, Drôme department, at an elevation of about . It then flows to the southwest and gets into the Hautes-Alpes department and then flows to the south.

Finally, the river flows into the Durance river, as a right tributary, near Sisteron, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department.

The Buëch flows through 3 departments and 23 communes, in 2 regions:
 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes región
 Drôme: Lus-la-Croix-Haute
 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region
 Hautes-Alpes: La Faurie, Aspres-sur-Buëch, Serres, Saint-Julien-en-Beauchêne, Laragne-Montéglin
 Alpes-de-Haute-Provence: Mison, Sisteron

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Buëch river are:

Left tributaries:
 Petit Buëch - 44.5 km

Right tributaries:
 Blaisance - 19.1 km
 Céans -  22.4 km
 Méouge - 39.6 km

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Rivers of France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Uranium trioxide (UO3), also called uranyl oxide, uranium(VI) oxide, and uranic oxide, is an oxide of uranium. UO3 is a hexavalent oxide, which means that the uranium in the compound has an oxidation state of +6. It can be formed by heating uranyl nitrate to 400 °C.

UO3 is a poisonous and slightly radioactive substance. It can be harmful if it is breathed in, ingested, or makes contact with skin.

References 

Chemical compounds
Edwin Atherstone (1788-1872) was an English writer, poet and playwright.

Biography 
Edwin Atherstone was born in Nottingham on 17 April 1788. He was one of fifteenth children of Hugh Atherstone and Ann Green. He learned in Yorkshire at Fulneck Moravian School. He lived with Mary Wainwright Pearson. They were never married, but had four children, three daughters and a son. Atherstone taught music at school in Taunton. He also collected paintings. The poet died in Bath on 29 January.

Literary Works 
Edwin Atherstone wrote a lot. He published his first poem, named Last Days of Herculaneum in 1821. His best known work is the poem The Fall of Nineveh. The poem was written for many years. First edition was published in 1828, and the last one in 1868. It is written in blank verse. It is over twenty thousand lines long. It consists of a prelude and thirty books. It tells about a war between Medes and Assyrians. The war took place some centuries before Christ. Main heroes are Arbaces, prince of Medes, Belesis, a priest and friend of Arbaces and Sardanapalus, a cruel king of Assyria. After many battles Medes got Nineveh, which was the capital city of Assyria. Sardanapalus put fire to his own palace and died inside. Sardanapalus is really a criminal. He ordered execution of one hundred war prisoners. He locked all his concubines in his palace so that they died in the fire. The other poems by Atherstone are Israel in Egypt, about Moses and freeing Jews form slavery in Egypt, Abradates and Panthea and A Midsummer Day's Dream. He also wrote two novels: The Sea-Kings in England (1830) and The Handwriting on the Wall (1858).

Inspired painting 
He was a close friend and associate of the painter John Martin, whose well-known painting "The Fall of Nineveh" was produced in conjunction with Atherstone's poem.

References 
 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Cousin, John William (1910). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London: J. M. Dent & Sons. Wikisource

Bibliography 
 Herbert F. Tucker, Epic. Britain's Heroic Muse 1790-1910, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008.

Other websites 
 Poems by Edwin Atherstone at PoemHunter.

1788 births
1872 deaths
English poets
English writers
English playwrights
Horw (Swiss German: Horb) is a municipality in Lucerne-Land in the Swiss canton of Lucerne.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Horw 

Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities of Lucerne
Kriens is a municipality in Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Kriens 

Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities of Lucerne
The Barre des Écrins is a mountain in the French Alps. It is the highest peak of the Massif des Écrins and of the Dauphiné Alps mountain range. It is in the Écrins National Park (), one of the ten French national parks.

It is the only mountain  or higher in France that is outside the Mont Blanc Massif. Before the annexation of Savoy, that was part of the Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1860, it was the highest mountain in France.

Geography

Barre des Écrins is in the northeast of the Hautes-Alpes department (commune of Pelvoux), Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeast France.

The south side of the mountain is rocky while the soil of the north side is covered with ice because here starts a glacier, the Glacier Blanc.

Barre des Écrins is surrounded by four glaciers:
 Glacier Blanc, on the north side. It is  long.
 Glacier Noir; its northern part is on the southwestern side of the mountain. It is  long.
 Glacier de la Pilatte, or Glacier du Vallon de la Pillate, on the western side. It is short,  long, and divided now in three parts.
 Glacier de Bonne Pierre, to the northwest of the mountain. It is  long.

History
The first recorded ascension of the peak was made on 25 June 1864 by the Englishmen Adolphus Warburton Moore, Horace Walker and Edward Whymper, guided by Michel Croz from Chamonix and Christian Almer from Switzerland.

William Auguste Coolidge, a mountain climber from United States made the first direct climb up the north side of the Barre des Ecrins in July 1870.

References

Other websites

 Barre des Écrins at Altituderando.com 

Alps
Mountains of France
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Rubble is broken stone, of irregular size, shape and texture. Unfinished stone from a quarry is called rubble. Rubble naturally found in the soil is known also as 'brash'. Where present, it becomes more noticeable when the land is ploughed or worked.

Building
"Rubble-work" is a name applied to several types of masonry. One kind, where the stones are loosely thrown together in a wall between boards and grouted with mortar almost like concrete, is called in Italian "muraglia di getto" and in French "bocage". In Pakistan, walls made of rubble and concrete, cast in a formwork, are called 'situ', which probably derives from Sanskrit (similar to the Latin 'in situ' meaning 'made on the spot').

Walls that use large stones put together without any attempt at courses is called rubble walling. They are laid at random and are held together with mortar. Where similar work is laid in courses, it is known as coursed rubble. Dry-stone walling is somewhat similar work done without the use of mortar. It is bound together by the fit of the stones and the regular placement of stones which extend through the thickness of the wall. A rubble wall built with mortar will be stronger if assembled in this way. Building foundations made of rubble almost always leak water and are damp.

Rubble walls in Malta

Rubble walls () are found all over the island of Malta. Similar walls are also frequently found in Sicily and the Arab countries. The various shapes and sizes of the stones used to build these walls look like stones that were found in the area lying on the ground or in the soil.  It is most probable that the practice of building these walls around the field was inspired by the Arabs during their rule in Malta, as in Sicily who were also ruled by the Arabs around the same period. The Maltese farmer found that the technique of these walls was very useful especially during an era where resources were limited. Rubble walls are used to serve as borders between the property of one farm from the other. A great advantage that  rubble walls offered is that when heavy rain falls, their structure would allow excessive water to pass through and therefore, excess water will not ruin the products. Soil erosion is minimised as the wall structure allows the water to pass through but it traps the soil and prevents it from being carried away from the field. One can see many rubble walls on the side of the hills and in valleys where the land slopes down and consequently the soil is in greater danger of being carried away.

References

Other websites 
 Example of a coursed rubble wall in Malta
 Reusing construction rubble - Low cost alternative building materials; YouTube
 Few Things to Think About Before Building a Rock Wall; YouTube

Building materials
Francisco de Sá de Miranda (28 August 1481 – 17 May 1558) was a Portuguese poet.

Sá de Miranda was the first author of Renaissance in Portugal. He was born in Coimbra. His parents were Gonçalo Mendes de Sá and Inês de Melo. He learned Greek, Latin and philosophy at Santa Cruz Monastery. Then he went to Lisbon to study law at the university. He travelled to Italy, where he met many poets including Vittoria Colonna. When he returned to Portugal, he worked for the king.

His main merit for Portuguese literature is that he introduced Italian verse forms. Sá de Miranda was the first author to write sonnets in Portugal. His best known poem is the sonnet O sol é grande, caem co'a calma as aves. It was translated into English by John Adamson in Lusitania illustrata.

References

Bibliography 
 Aubrey F.G. Bell, Studies in Portuguese literature, B.H. Blackwell, Oxford 1914.
 

1481 births
1558 deaths
Portuguese writers
Renaissance
A religious order is a group of people who live in some way set apart from others, in accordance with their specific religious devotion. Their principles are usually created from their founder's religious practice.  The order may comprise initiates (laity) and, in some traditions, ordained clergy. Religious orders exist in many of the world's religions. Many orders operate monasteries.

Religion
The Hazeltine National Golf Club is a golf club in Minnesota, USA. Guests are not allowed in unless accompanied by a member and it is a Championship Golf Club. It is named after Lake Hazeltine.  It is a championship golf club.

Golf
Buildings and structures in Minnesota
An independent video game or indie game is a game made without money from a publisher. They often rely on digital distribution, some indie games have become very successful like Minecraft.

Overview 
Indie game has no true definition, but has certain features, they are often made by one person or a small team, often smaller than mainstream titles, often not getting money from a publisher. But being without a publisher means that they have no-one telling them what they can and can't do, giving them much more freedom to make a game they want to make. But making a Indie game does not mean they have no publisher. Indie game developers often go to crowd-funding sites to help fund the game, but often make very little profit.

History 
Indie games started on PCs where it currently remains. Indie games become popular as shareware. But as better technologies came out people began to expect more from these small teams, indie games have seen a huge rise in the later half of the 2000s.

References

Other websites 
The Creativity of Indie Video Games  Documentary produced by Off Book (web series)
Oscar Stanton De Priest was an American Republican politician and civil rights advocate. He served as a U.S. Representative from the state of Illinois. During his three terms, he was the only African American serving in Congress.

De Priest proposed a law barring discrimination in the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The CCC was program of the New Deal to employ people across the country in building infrastructure. His proposal was made a law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

In 1929, De Priest made national news. First Lady Lou Hoover invited his wife, Jessie, to a traditional tea for congressional wives at the White House. In reaction several newspapers published a racist poem called Niggers in the White House. The poem was first published when Booker T. Washington dined with President Theodore Roosevelt.

References

1871 births
1951 deaths
Burials at Graceland Cemetery
United States representatives from Illinois
Politicians from Alabama
African American politicians
US Republican Party politicians
People from Florence, Alabama
Pinus pinaster, also known as the maritime pine, cluster pine, or pinaster pine, is a pine native to the Mediterranean region.

Names
Common names in some other languages are: 
 , Pin des landes, Pinastre
 
 
 , Pino resinero

Description
The maritime pine is a large tree tree, that grows up to  tall with an average trunk diameter of up to . The bark is orange-red and thick, but thinner in the upper parts of the tree.

The leaves ('needles') are in pairs, broad and  long, and bluish-green to yellowish-green.

The maritime pine is monoecious with separate male an female flowers but on the same plant, in cones. The seeds are  long, with a  wing. Seeds are spread by the wind.

Taxonomy
Pinus pinaster was described by William Aiton, a Botanist from Scotland, in 1789.

There are three subspecies of Pinus pinaster Aiton: 
 P. pinaster subsp. pinaster, the typical subspecies, is found in France, Spain and Portugal.
 Pinus pinaster subsp. escarena (Risso) K. Richt found on the western Mediterranean coast, mainly in Spain.
 P. pinaster subsp. renoui (Villar) Maire is found on the African Mediterranean coast, mainly in Morocco, in the Atlas Mountains.

Where it grows
The maritime pine is native to the southwest and southern Europe, North Africa in Morocco, and along the border between Algeria and Tunisia. It is mainly a pine of low, coastal plains, usually on sandy soils of sea shore dunes; however, in Morocco this species can grow in mountains to an elevation of near .

It has been introduced into regions with a similar Mediterranean climate.

The species is regarded as a highly invasive species. A large production of seeds that are spread by the wind and rapid growth rate all contribute to its ability to invade native habitats, which suffer a loss of species diversity. The maritime pine is reported to be an aggressive colonizer in Chile, Uruguay, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa

Uses
The maritime pine is widely planted for timber in its native area. It is one of the most important trees in forestry in France, Spain and Portugal. The pine forest in Landes in southwest France is the largest man-made maritime pine forest in Europe. The resin is also a source of turpentine and rosin.

As well as industrial uses, maritime pine is also a popular ornamental tree, planted in parks and gardens in areas with warm temperate climates.

It is also used as a source of flavonoids, catechins, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids.

Gallery

References

Conifers
Littau was a municipality in Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2010 the former municipality of Littau merged into the city of Lucerne.

Other websites

Former municipalities of Lucerne
Lucerne
Malters is a municipality in the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Nevinnomyssk () is a city in Stavropol Krai, Russia. It is occupies both bank (geography)s of the Kuban River at its confluence with the Bolshoy Zelenchuk River,  south of Stavropol. Population: 132,141 (2002 Census); 92,000 (1973); 40,000 (1959).

References 

Cities in Russia
A startup company (startup or start-up) is a new and fast-growing company. They try to meet a marketplace need, offering an innovative product, process or service.

A start-up is usually a small business, a partnership or an organization. Rapid growth is what they aim for. Often, startup companies use the internet, e-commerce, computers, and telecommunications.

The term became fashionable in the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s, when a great number of internet-based companies were formed.

References 

Companies by type
Meggen is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official website of Meggen 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Meierskappel is a municipality of the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Lucerne
Root is a municipality of the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Schwarzenberg is a municipality in the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Lucerne
Udligenswil is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Udligenswil 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Mount & Blade II: Bannerlord is an upcoming medieval action role-playing game made by TaleWorlds Entertainment. The game was announced in 2012. It is a sequel to Mount & Blade: Warband.

Plot

Setting 
The game is set 200 years before Mount & Blade: Warband. It takes place during the decline of the Calradian Empire and the making of the kingdoms in Mount & Blade: Warband. The look of the armour, Weapons and buildings will draw from 600 to 1100 A.D.

Factions 
Bannerlord will have six main factions, each with they own clans who have different goals, as well as smaller factions.

Development 
In September 2012, Taleworlds announced the game was in the making and released the trailer.

The game's graphics have been heavily upgraded, the animations have also been upgraded. There are also some new Gameplay features like better inventory system and better artificial intelligence. The current game and features were shown during 2015 Gamescom. In March 2016 40 minutes of gameplay was shown to PC gamer.

References

Other websites

Upcoming video games
Windows games
José María Canlás Sison is a writer and activist. He founded the Communist Party of the Philippines.

Sison was arrested during the Ferdinand Marcos presidency. He was imprisoned for almost 9 years. Corazón Aquino released him from prison. Sison went into exile in the Netherlands.

His experience in prison was described in Prison & Beyond, a book of poetry released in 1986. It won the Southeast Asia WRITE award for the Philippines.

References

1939 births
Living people

Filipino writers
Activists
Communists
Atheists
Vitznau is a municipality in the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

It occupies a narrow strip between the lake and the Rigi looming behind; one of the mountain railways to the summit starts in Vitznau.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Vitznau 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Weggis is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

It is on the northern shore of Lake Lucerne.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Weggis 
 Weggis.net (unofficial)

Municipalities of Lucerne
Sursee is a district of the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. The capital is the town of Sursee.

It contains the following municipalities:

 Beromünster
 Büron
 Buttisholz
 Eich
 Geuensee
 Grosswangen
 Gunzwil
 Hildisrieden
 Knutwil
 Mauensee
 Neudorf
 Neuenkirch
 Nottwil
 Oberkirch
 Pfeffikon
 Rickenbach
 Ruswil
 Schenkon
 Schlierbach
 Sempach
 Sursee
 Triengen
 Winikon
 Wolhusen

Sursee
Beromünster is a municipality in Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

History
Since 2004, Schwarzenbach part of the municipality.

On 1 January 2009 Gunzwil became part of Beromünster.

On 1 January 2013 the Neudorf became part of Beromünster.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Cities in Switzerland
Büron is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Lucerne
Buttisholz is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

Villages 
 Gattwil
 Guglern
 Luternau
 St. Ottilien
 Soppensee

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Eich is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the Swiss canton of Lucerne.

References

Municipalities of Lucerne
Geuensee is a municipality of the district Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Lucerne
Grosswangen is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Lucerne
Gunzwil is a former municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

Since 2009, it is part of the municipality of Beromünster.

Former municipalities of Lucerne
Hildisrieden is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Knutwil is a municipality in Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Lucerne
Mauensee is a municipality in Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

Lake Mauensee is in the municipality

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Cachapoal Province () is one of three provinces of the central Chilean region of Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins (VI). Its capital is the city of Rancagua.

The province is named after the Cachapoal river that flows through the province from east to west.

Geography
The Cachapoal province has an area of , the largest province in the O'Higgins region.

Cachapoal is a landlocked province (it does not border the ocean) and is bordered to the north by the Santiago Metropolitan region, to the east by Argentina, to the south by the Colchagua province and to the west by the Cardenal Caro province.

Most of the province is in the valley of the Cachapoal river; it is region where grapes are grown to produce wine.

Population
The people from the province are called Cachapoalino (women: Cachapoalina).

 (last national census), there were 542,901 people living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The largest city of the province is Rancagua, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 206,971 inhabitants, followed by the city of Rengo (30,891 inhabitants).

Administration
As a province, Cachapoal is a second-level administrative division, consisting of 17 communes (comunas). The city of Rancagua serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

Related pages
 Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites
 Territorial division of Chile 
 Gobierno Regional de O'Higgins Official website 
 Province of Cachapoal website 

Provinces of Chile