cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Georgiy Daneliya ( Giorgi Danelia; ; 25 August 1930 – 4 April 2019), also known as Giya Daneliya, was a Soviet and Russian movie director and screenwriter. He was best known for directing the movies Walking the Streets of Moscow (1963), Afonya (1975), Mimino (1977), Autumn Marathon (1979) and Kin-dza-dza! (1986). He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1989.

Daneliya was born in Tbilisi, the capital city of the Georgian SSR. In February 2019, he was in hospital with pneumonia. On 4 April 2019, he died of respiratory and heart failure in Moscow. He was 88.

References

Other websites

 

1930 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Moscow
People from Tbilisi
Russian movie directors
Russian screenwriters
Soviet writers
Flums is a municipality in Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of St. Gallen
James Playfair (born May 22, 1964) is the former associate coach of the Arizona Coyotes. He is a former NHL ice hockey player and a former head coach of the Calgary Flames.

Career statistics

Playing career

Head coaching record

NHL

Minor leagues

References

Other websites
 

1964 births
Calgary Wranglers players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Edmonton Oilers players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Living people
Portland Winterhawks players
American Hockey League players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Ice hockey defencemen
Joseph Michael Ward (born February 11, 1961 in Sarnia, Ontario) is a former American ice hockey player from Seattle, Washington.

Ward played his junior hockey with the Seattle Breakers of the WHL. And was the 22nd pick by the Colorado Rockies in the 1980 NHL Entry Draft. He would go on to play four games for the Rockies that year, however, he would never make it back to the NHL. He is the son of Don Ward.

Other websites

Hockey Draft Central

1961 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Colorado Rockies (NHL) players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Seattle Breakers players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Central Professional Hockey League players
Barry James Melrose (born July 15, 1956) is a Canadian–American broadcaster and former professional ice hockey player and head coach. Melrose played in the World Hockey Association (WHA) and National Hockey League (NHL).

Career statistics

Coaching record

References

Other websites
 
 Pens Universe: 5 Questions with Barry Melrose

1956 births
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Kamloops Chiefs players
Living people
National Hockey League broadcasters
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Winnipeg Jets (1979–96) players
American Hockey League players
World Hockey Association players
Alberto Cortez (born José Alberto García Gallo; 11 March 1940 – 4 April 2019) was an Argentine singer and songwriter. During his career, he released more than forty albums. In 1960, he famously covered the song "Sucu Sucu". He was born in Rancul, La Pampa Province.

Cortez died of a gastrointestinal hemorrhage on 4 April 2019 in Madrid, the capital city of Spain. He was 79.

References

1940 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Argentine singer-songwriters
Disease-related deaths in Madrid
Cellophane is a bioplastic wrapping material. It is a thin, transparent sheet made of cellulose. It has low permeability. That means very little air, oils, greases, bacteria, and water can get in. That makes it useful for food packaging.

Cellophane was invented by Swiss chemist Jacques E. Brandenberger. 
It took ten years for Brandenberger to perfect his idea. He added glycerin to soften the material. By 1912 he had built a machine to make the film. He called the product "Cellophane", from the words cellulose and diaphane ("transparent"). Cellophane was patented that year.

DuPont built the first cellophane manufacturing plant in the US. One of their chemists found a way to make it moisture proof. The material became hugely popular.

"Cellophane" is a general term in some countries, but in other countries it is a registered trademark.

Cellophane played a crucial role in developing the self-service retailing of fresh meat. The transparency helped customers see the quality of meat before buying. Cellophane also largely prevents discoloration of food.

References 

Polymers
Biochemistry
Materials
Maurice Marie Jean Pon (26 October 1921 – 3 April 2019) was a French lyricist. He was best known for his work with Henri Salvador. He also wrote for artists such as Bourvil, Fernandel, Jean Sablon, André Claveau and Les Frères Jacques. He was born in Bordeaux.

Pon died on 3 April 2019 in Île-de-France. He was 97.

References

1921 births
2019 deaths
French songwriters
Lyricists
People from Bordeaux
Pfäfers is a municipality in Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

Villages 
Pfäfers, St. Margrethenberg, Vadura, Valens, Vasön and Vättis.

References

Other websites 

 Website of the Fraction of Pfäfers
 Website of the Fraction of Vättis

Municipalities of St. Gallen
Fräschels () is a municipality of the district of See in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Gibloux is a new municipality of the district of Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2016, when the former municipalities of Corpataux-Magnedens, Farvagny, Le Glèbe, Rossens and Vuisternens-en-Ogoz merged to form Gibloux.

References 

2016 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Fribourg
Grolley is a municipality in the district of Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Cheyres-Châbles is a new municipality in the district Broye in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2017 when the former municipalities of Châbles and Cheyres merged to form Cheyres-Châbles.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

2017 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Fribourg
Belmont-Broye is a new municipality of the district of Broye in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2016 when the former municipalities of Domdidier, Dompierre, Léchelles and Russy merged to form Belmont-Broye.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

2016 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Fribourg
Sam Sullivan, CM (born November 13, 1959) is the Liberal  Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in the British Columbia legislature for Vancouver-False Creek. He is the  Official Opposition’s Housing critic.

Sullivan was the Minister of Community, Sport and Cultural Development and the Minister Responsible for TransLink. He was a member of the Legislative Review Committee and the Select Standing Committee on Crown corporations and the Select Standing Committee on Public Accounts.

In 2006 to 2009 he was mayor of Vancouver. In 1993 to 2005 he was a Vancouver City Councillor. While Mayor of Vancouver, he helped create the Street to Home Foundation. He was also involved in the largest increase in social housing in several decades on 14 Vancouver city sites.

Sullivan is an Adjunct professor at the University of British Columbia's School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture.

Sullivan was made a member of the Order of Canada for his work with the Disability Foundation which supports quality of life initiatives for people with disabilities from all over Canada. He received the Christopher and Dana Reeve’s Award and the Terry Fox Award for helping to improve the quality of life for people with disabilities.

References

1960 births
Living people
Liberals
Mayors of Vancouver
Order of Canada
People with disabilities
Real estate
Daniel Kaluuya (born 24 February 1989) is a British actor and writer. He is best known for his leading role as Chris Washington in the horror movie Get Out (2017). For his role, he was nominated for the Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, SAG Award and BAFTA Award for Best Actor. His other movie credits include Johnny English Reborn (2011), Kick-Ass 2 (2013), Sicario (2015), Widows (2018) and Black Panther (2018). In 2018, he won the BAFTA Rising Star Award.

In 2021, Kaluuya played Fred Hampton in Judas and the Black Messiah, a role which won him a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

On television, Kaluuya has appeared as Posh Kenneth in the television series Skins from 2007 to 2009. He also co-wrote two episodes of Skins. He played Bingham "Bing" Madsen in the Black Mirror episode "Fifteen Million Merits" and has had roles in Psychoville and The Fades.

Kaluuya was born in London. His parents are from Uganda. He is a supporter of Arsenal Football Club.

References

Other websites

 

1989 births
Living people
Actors from London
Golden Globe Award winning actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Black British actors
English movie actors
English television actors
English television writers
Writers from London
Best Supporting Actor Academy Award winners
National Students' Union of India (NSUI) is the student wing of the Indian National Congress. NSUI was established on 9 April 1971. The organisation was founded by Indira Gandhi. Neeraj Kundan is the current President of NSUI. v is the current National Coordinator.

History

Pre-Independence Movement 
Student movement reached its apex during the struggle for independence due to the strong participation of students from all sections of society. Prior to 1950, the student activism of the Indian National Congress was carried out by the youth wing of the AICC.

Related pages 
 Indian National Congress

Other websites 
 National Students' Union of India official site
 Official All India Congress Committee website
 Official Indian National Congress website

References 

1970s establishments in India
1972 establishments in Asia
Organizations based in Asia
New Delhi
Mill Creek Falls, is a waterfall located in the Rogue River Canyon within the Prospect State Scenic Viewpoint in Jackson County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. The waterfall is located at the south end of Mill Creek as it plunges into the Rogue River over a carved cliff surrounded by walls of petrified volcanic ash caused by the Mount Mazama eruption.

Waterfalls
Oregon
Sir Gustav Victor Joseph Nossal  (born 4 June 1931) is an Austrian-born Australian research biologist. He is famous for his work in the fields of antibody formation and immunological tolerance.

Life and career
Nossal was born in Bad Ischl. He first grew up in the Austrian capital city of Vienna. After the Anschluss (Nazi Germany's annexation of Austria), he and his family moved to Australia. This was because, although not of Jewish faith, his father's grandparents were Jewish. This meant that Nossal was at risk of being sent to concentration camps due his Jewish background. Nossal was baptised, like his father, and is a Roman Catholic. He studied at the University of Sydney.

Nossal has written five books and 530 scientific articles on immunology and similar fields. From 1959 to 1961, he was the assistant professor of genetics at Stanford University. He began serving as director of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research from 1965. At the same time, he was Professor of Medical Biology at the University of Melbourne. He retired from both of these roles in 1996. Nossal was president of the Australian Academy of Science from 1994 to 1998. He was the chairman of the comittee running the World Health Organization's Vaccines and Biologicals Program from 1993 to 2002. He also served as Chairman of the Strategic Advisory Council of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Children's Vaccine Program from 1998 to 2003.

Nossal is married to Lyn Beatrix (née Dunnicliff). The couple have four children (two sons and two daughters).

Awards and honours
In 1970, Nossal was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. He was knighted for his services to science in 1977. In 1989, he was made a Companion of the Order of Australia. In 1990, he was awarded the Albert Einstein World Award of Science. In 2000, he was named Australian of the Year.

Nossal High School in Berwick, Victoria, is named after him.

References

Other websites

 Sir Gustav Nossal at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute website

1931 births
Living people
Australian academics
Australian biologists
Australian educators
Australian Jews
Australian medical researchers
Australian Roman Catholics
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Immunologists
Jewish academics
Jewish scientists
Jewish writers
Knights Bachelor
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Order of Australia
Scientists from Vienna
Writers from Vienna
University of Sydney alumni
Writers from Sydney
Bookbinding is the process of putting a book together. The pages are put inside a book covering, then attached to the spine (closed edge of the book) by sewing or glueing. Bookbinding is an artistic practice from many centuries ago but it has also been industrialized. Bookbinding machines were invented in the 19th century and most books are made in factories by mechanical mass production.

A person who binds books is called a bookbinder.  Today, most hand-bound books are specially made, and more expensive than a factory-made book.  Bookbinding is a specialized job.  Bookbinders must be skilled in measuring, cutting, glueing, leather working, graphic arts, and fabric crafts, among other things. 

Book terminology
Occupations
Đồng Sĩ Nguyên (1 March 1923 – 4 April 2019), also known as Nguyễn Hữu Vũ, was a Vietnamese soldier and politician. Đồng Sỹ Nguyên is another spelling of his name. He served as Deputy Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam from 1982 to 1991. He was also a lieutenant-general of the North Vietnamese Army during the Vietnam War. He was interviewed in the documentary TV series The Vietnam War (2017) He was born in Quảng Trạch District, Quảng Bình Province, then-part of French Indochina.

Đồng died on 4 April 2019 in Hanoi, at the age of 96.

References

1923 births
2019 deaths
Communist politicians
Military personnel of the Vietnam War
Vietnamese military people
Vietnamese politicians
Mont-Vully is a new municipality in the district of See in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2016 when the former municipalities of Bas-Vully and Haut-Vully merged to form Mont-Vully.

References 

2016 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Fribourg
Val-de-Charmey is a new municipality of the district of Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2014 when the former municipalities of Cerniat and Charmey merged to form the new municipality of Val-de-Charmey.

References 

2014 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Fribourg
Alterswil is a municipality of the district Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Arconciel () is a municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Schmitten is a municipality of the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of the municipality of Schmitten 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Wünnewil-Flamatt is a municipality of the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in the western part of Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Fribourg
St. Antoni () is a municipality of the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Bösingen (, ) is a municipality of the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Plaffeien () is a municipality of the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Oberschrot and Zumholz merged into the municipality of Plaffeien.

It is the third-largest municipality in the canton of Fribourg.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Brünisried is a municipality of the district Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Patricia Cleveland (born June 23, 1950) is an American fashion model. She became successful in the 1960s and 1970s and was one of the first African-American models within the fashion industry to achieve fame as a runway model and print model. Cleveland was born in New York City.

Cleveland was diagnosed with colorectal cancer in April 2019.

References

1950 births
Living people
People with cancer
Models from New York City
Giffers () is a municipality of the district Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Jeremy Francis John Bowen (born 6 February 1960) is a Welsh journalist and television presenter. He was born in Cardiff, Wales. He is the BBC's  Middle East correspondent working in Jerusalem between 1995 and 2000. He has been its Middle East Editor since 2005.

Bowen was diagnosed with bowel cancer in April 2019.

References

Other websites
 
 Photograph. BBC.
 Newswatch: Jeremy Bowen. BBC.
 Bowen Middle East role 'enhanced'. BBC.

1960 births
Living people
BBC people
Political commentators
Welsh journalists
British television presenters
Television news anchors
People with cancer
People from Cardiff
Ueberstorf is a municipality of the district Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Muntelier () is a municipality of the district of See in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Fribourg
René Fontès (11 June 1941 – 17 March 2019) was a French sports official and politician. He was club president of the Top 14 rugby union team Clermont Auvergne from 2004 to 2013. He was also mayor of the Eygalières commune in Bouches-du-Rhône from 2008 until his death in 2019. He was made Chevalier (Knight) of the Legion of Honour in 2011. He was born in Saint-Martin-de-Crau, Bouches-du-Rhône.

Fontès died of a heart attack on 17 March 2019 in Eygalières. He was 77.

References

1941 births
2019 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in France
Deaths from myocardial infarction
French mayors
Legion of Honour
Rugby union
Nikolay Dmitrievich Kovalyov (; 6 August 1949 – 5 April 2019) was a Russian politician. He was a member of United Russia. He was also a member of the State Duma. He was chairman of the Duma's Veterans' Committee. He was the Director of the Federal Security Service (FSB) from July 1996 to July 1998. Vladimir Putin took on the role of director after him. Kovalyov was born in Moscow.

Kovalyov died after a long illness on 5 April 2019 in Moscow. He was 69.

References

1949 births
2019 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Moscow
People from Moscow
Russian politicians
Gresham College is an institution of higher learning in London. It does not enroll students and does not award any degrees. It was founded in 1597 under the will of Sir Thomas Gresham.

The College gives over 140 free public lectures every year. Since 2001, all lectures have also been made available online.

Professors
There seven original Gresham College Professorships that date back to the origins of the college. They are in Astronomy, Divinity, Geometry, Law, Music, Physic and Rhetoric.

These subjects reflect the curriculum of the medieval university (the trivium and quadrivium).

The college played an important role in the Enlightenment and in the formation of the Royal Society. Early distinguished Gresham College professors included Christopher Wren, who lectured on astronomy in the 17th century, and Robert Hooke, who was Professor of Geometry from 1665 until 1704.

The professors received £50 a year. The terms of their position were very precise, for example: :The geometrician is to read as followeth, every Trinity term arithmetique, in Michaelmas and Hilary terms theoretical geometry, in Easter term practical geometry. The astronomy reader is to read in his solemn lectures, first the principles of the sphere, and the theory of the planets, and the use of the astrolabe and the staff, and other common instruments for the capacity of mariners.

Today three further Professorships have been added to take account of areas not otherwise covered by the original Professorships:

 Commerce, established in 1985.
 Environment, established in 2014.
 Information technology, established in 2015.

The professors currently hold their positions for three years, extendable for a fourth year. They give six lectures a year.  There are also visiting professors appointed to give series of lectures at the College. There are a number of single-lecture speakers.

The lectures are often given in the Museum of London, which has a bigger lecture room than the College.

References 

1590s establishments in England
1597 establishments
Colleges and universities in London
Edmund Gunter (1581 – 10 December 1626) was an English clergyman, mathematician, geometer and astronomer of Welsh descent.  

He is best remembered for his practical inventions for measurement. These include the Gunter's chain, Gunter's quadrant, and the Gunter's scale. In 1620, he invented the first successful analogue device which he developed to calculate logarithmic tangents. These inventions are related to the main practical maths interests of England at that time. These were maritime navigation, land surveying and accounting.

Gunter was taught mathematics by Henry Briggs. He became a Gresham Professor of Astronomy, from 1619 until his death. Gunter  invented the terms cosine and cotangent,

Gunter's scale 

Gunter’s scale (called by seamen "the Gunter") is a large plane scale, usually 2 ft. long by about 1½ in. broad, and engraved with various lines of numbers. By means of this scale questions in navigation, trigonometry etc. are solved with the aid of a pair of compasses.

The slide rule was invented around 1620–1630, shortly after John Napier's publication of the concept of the logarithm. In 1620 Gunter developed his calculating device with a single logarithmic scale. With additional measuring tools it could be used to multiply and divide. In c. 1622, William Oughtred of Cambridge combined two handheld Gunter rules to make a device that is the modern slide rule.

Gunter's chain 
Gunter's chain was in common use in surveying up to modern times. It is 22 yards long and is divided into 100 links. Its usefulness comes from its decimal division, and the fact that 10 square chains make an acre. It folds up in sections, and is carried by the surveyor.

Gunter's quadrant 
His quadrant of 1623 was used for tell the time, find the length of day, when the sun had risen and set, the date, and the meridian. It used scales and curves of the quadrant and related tables. Gunter's quadrant was fairly simple, and was widely used in the 17th and 18th centuries.
This instrument is used to find the hour of the day, the sun’s azimuth, and other common problems of the globe, and also to take the altitude of an object in degrees. These things are needed by ships on long voyages, and on long overland excursions.

Controversies 
Like his contemporary at Cambridge, Isaac Newton, Oughtred taught his ideas privately to his students.  Also like Newton, he became involved in a  controversy over priority (who invented what and when). This involved his one-time student Richard Delamain. Oughtred's ideas were only made public in publications of his student William Forster in 1632 and 1653.

References 

1581 births
1626 deaths
People educated at Westminster School, London
British geometers
Olli Mäki (22 December 1936 – 6 April 2019) was a Finnish boxer. As an amateur, he won the European lightweight title in 1959. Before this, he placed second in 1957. He was dropped from the 1960 Olympic team. After this, he became professional. He fought until 1973 as a pro, with a record of 28 victories, 14 losses and 8 draws. He lost in two rounds to Davey Moore in 1962. In retirement, Mäki worked as a boxing coach and manager. The movie, The Happiest Day in the Life of Olli Mäki (2016), is based on his life. He was born in Kokkola.

On 6 April 2019, Mäki died of problems caused by Alzheimer's disease in Kirkkonummi. He was 82.

References

Other websites
 
 

1936 births
2019 deaths
Boxers
Coaches
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Finnish sportspeople
Shawn Smith (October 28, 1965 – April 3, 2019) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. He began his career in 1991.He was a vocalist of the bands Brad, Satchel and Pigeonhed. He was also a solo artist. 

He released 10 solo albums from 1999 until his death. His songs were featured in television series such as The Sopranos and ER. Smith was born in Spokane, Washington.

Smith lived in Seattle. He died of a torn aorta and high blood pressure on April 3, 2019, at the age of 53.

References

Other websites
 

1965 births
2019 deaths
American keyboard players
American rock musicians
American singer-songwriters
Deaths from aortic dissection
Deaths from diabetes
Musicians from Washington
People from Spokane, Washington
Soviet satellite states were puppet states indirectly controlled by the Soviet Union. This meant that they were countries controlled by leaders who were really controlled by the Soviet Union. Soviet satellite states included the Warsaw Pact countries and Mongolia. The Soviet Union chose leaders in these countries who were loyal to the Soviet Union and would send in the military if the local people protested against the local government.

Examples were:
 The Mongolian People's Republic (Satellite 1921–1990; government extant until 1992)
 The Tuvan People's Republic (Satellite 1921–1944; joined the Soviet Union in 1944)
 The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Satellite 1945–1948; government extant until 1992)
 The People's Socialist Republic of Albania (Satellite 1944–1960; government extant until 1992)
 The Polish People's Republic (1944–1989)
 The People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1990)
 The People's Republic of Romania (1947–1965)
 The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948–1968 and again 1968–1989)
 The German Democratic Republic (1949–1990)
 The Hungarian People's Republic (1947–1956 and again 1956–1989)
 The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–90)

Most of these "Eastern Bloc" countries had compulsory military service for young men. They also had varying numbers of Soviet troops and KGB agents. All these countries had detailed control of information (censorship), and other aspects of the communist Soviet system. Many features of the Soviet information control were put into practice in distant countries, such as Cuba.

Other terms which may be used are:
 Buffer state
 Client state
 Vassal state
 Puppet state

Political systems
Soviet Union
Colonialism
Marilyn May Mason (June 29, 1925 – April 4, 2019) was an American concert organist, recording artist and professor. She joined the staff of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor in 1947. She became chair of the organ department in 1962, and was named a professor in 1965. She retired in 2014, making her the longest serving University of Michigan staff member at 67 years. She was born in Alva, Oklahoma.

Mason died on April 4, 2019 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. She was 93.

References

1925 births
2019 deaths
Educators from Michigan
American keyboard players
Musicians from Michigan
Musicians from Oklahoma
Organists
People from Ann Arbor, Michigan
Jon Østeng Hov (23 January 1936 − 29 March 2019) was a Norwegian photographer and writer. He was known for his nature photos. He was a columnist for the Adresseavisen newspaper for over 30 years. Hov was an honorary member of the Norwegian Society for the Conservation of Nature. In 2005, he was made Knight, 1st Class of the Order of St. Olav.

Hov died on 29 March 2019, at the age of 83.

References

1936 births
2019 deaths
Columnists
Conservation
Norwegian writers
Photographers
Ralph Steven Greco (May 25, 1942 – March 31, 2019) was an American surgeon and sculptor. He was the Johnson and Johnson Distinguished Professor, Emeritus of Surgery at Stanford University School of Medicine. He was well-known for his advocacy for the well-being of surgery residents. He retired from Stanford in 2017.

Greco was born in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. He went to Yale University. He was married to Irene L. Wapnir. The couple had three children.

Greco died from prostate cancer on March 31, 2019 in Stanford, California. He was 76.

References

Other websites
 

2019 deaths
1942 births
American physicians
American sculptors
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from prostate cancer
People from the Bronx
Surgeons
Yale University alumni
Franz Weber (27 July 1927 – 2 April 2019) was a Swiss environmentalist, animal welfare activist and journalist. He founded the Franz Weber Foundation in 1975. In the 1970s and the 2000s, he led successful campaigns for the protection of the Lavaux region. In 2007, Lavaux became a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. He has also worked in the conservation of natural sites in France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Greece, Switzerland, Slovenia and Hungary. He has also helped endangered species in South America, Canada, Australia, Africa and Europe.

In 1989, the Franz Weber Foundation bought Bonrook Station, a former cattle station near Pine Creek, Northern Territory. It has since developed into a sanctuary for brumbies and native wild life. 

In 1997, in the presence of Émile Gardaz, Jean-Pierre Thiollet and some other personalities, the township of Delphi appointed him an Honorary citizenship.

Weber was born in Basel. He was married to Judith with one daughter, Vera. He lived in Montreux.

On 2 April 2019, Weber died in the capital Bern. He was 91.

References

Other websites

 Franz Weber Foundation

1927 births
2019 deaths
Animal rights activists
Environmentalists
Swiss journalists
People from Basel
Attalens ( or  Talin) is a municipality of the district Veveyse in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Oberschrot was a municipality in the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2017 the municipalities of Oberschrot and Zumholz became part of Plaffeien.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Fribourg
Zumholz was a municipality in the district Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2017 Zumholz and Oberschrot became part of Plaffeien.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  

Former municipalities of Fribourg
Heitenried is a municipality of the district Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Plasselb is a municipality of the district Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Rechthalten () is a municipality of the district Sense, in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Fribourg
St. Silvester () is a municipality of the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Fribourg
St. Ursen () is a municipality of the district Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Ried bei Kerzers () is a municipality of the district See in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2006, Ried bei Kerzers incorporated the neighboring municipality of Agriswil.

References 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Gurmels () is a municipality of the district See in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

History 
In 1978, Monterschu and Grossgurmels merged to form Gurmels. The municipality of Kleingurmels merged into Gurmels in 2000. In 2003, the former municipalities of Guschelmuth, Liebistorf and Wallenbuch were merged to form Gurmels. Then, in 2005, the former municipality of Cordast joined.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 
 
 
 
 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Don Alden Adams (born 1925) is an American former Jehovah's Witnesses leader. He was president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania from 2000 to 2014. The organization is the main legal body used around the world by Jehovah's Witnesses. Adams was born in Oak Park, Illinois.

References

1925 births
Living people
American Christians
Christian religious leaders
Jehovah's Witnesses people
People from Oak Park, Illinois
Billie Eilish Pirate Baird O'Connell ( ; born December 18, 2001) is an American singer-songwriter.  She is currently signed to Interscope Records.

Career
She released her first EP, don't smile at me, in 2017. Her debut album, When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?, was released on March 29, 2019.  It features the songs "Bury a Friend", "You Should See Me in a Crown", "When the Party's Over", "Wish You Were Gay", and her first number-one hit, "Bad Guy". The album reached number one in the UK, making her the youngest woman to top the UK Albums Chart.

In February 2020, Eilish released her single "No Time to Die", the official James Bond theme for the movie of the same name.

Her second studio album, Happier Than Ever, was released July 30, 2021.

Eilish's musical style has been compared to New Zealand singer-songwriter Lorde and American singer-songwriter Lana Del Rey.

Her songs are considered dark. She suffered with depression and suicidal thoughts at age 11 and expresses her depression through her music.  She has been accused of romanticizing death and mental illness.

Discography

Awards

Grammy Awards 
Eilish became the youngest artist to win all four of the major categories (the “Big Four” – Album, Record, and Song of the Year, and Best New Artist) at the Grammy Awards in 2020. She has won five awards from six nominations.

Personal life 
Eilish has an older brother, Finneas, who works with her on her musical projects. She was part of the Los Angeles Children's Chorus and was home-schooled with her brother. Her mother is actress Maggie Baird.

References 

Grammy Award winners
Alternative music
2001 births
Living people
American pop singers
Musicians from Los Angeles
Singers from Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
Actors from Los Angeles
American child singers
American composers
American models
American record producers
Brit Award winners
Golden Globe Award winners
Singer-songwriters from California
Sopranos
Vegetarians
The Communist Party of Greece (; Kommounistikó Kómma Elládas, KKE) is a Marxist–Leninist political party in Greece. 
It was founded in 1918 as the Socialist Labour Party of Greece (adopting its current name in November 1924). It is the oldest political party in modern Greek politics. The party played a significant role in the Greek resistance. The party's membership was largest in the mid-1940s. It participated in the Greek Civil War, but ended on the losing side and was banned until 1974.

The party took part in a coalition government in 1989 when it got more than 13% of the vote.

History

Foundation 
The October Revolution of the Bolsheviks in Russia in 1917 gave rise to the foundation of communist parties in many countries all over the globe. KKE was founded on 4 November 1918 as the Socialist Labour Party of Greece (Greek: Σοσιαλιστικό Εργατικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας, Sosialistikó Ergatikó Kómma Elládas; acronym: ΣΕΚΕ, SEKE). The party was run by a five-member central committee. The committee consisted of Nikos Dimitratos, D. Ligdopoulos, M. Sideris, A. Arvanitis and S. Kokkinos.

The background of KKE has roots in more than 60 years of small socialist, anarchist and communist groups. These groups were mainly in industrialized areas. They followed the example of the Paris Commune and the 1892 Chicago workers' movement for the eight-hour working day. These groups pushed for the unification of Greek workers into trade unions, the implementation of an eight-hour day in Greece and better salaries for workers. Inspiration came from the Paris Commune and the communist revolutionary efforts at the beginning of the century. The destruction almost 20 years of wars brought upon the Greek workers also played a role. As a result, a unified Social-Communist party was founded in Greece.

At the Second Congress of the SEKE in April 1920, the party decided to affiliate with Comintern. The Comintern was an international communist organisation founded in Moscow in 1919. The SEKE changed its name to the Socialist Labour Party of Greece-Communist (SEKE-K). A new central committee was elected, which included Nikos and Panaghis Dimitratos, Yannis Kordatos, G. Doumas and M. Sideris. At the Third Extraordinary Congress of the SEKE-K in November 1924, the party was renamed the Communist Party of Greece and adopted Marxism–Leninism. Pandelis Pouliopoulos was elected as general-secretary. Ever since, the party has functioned on the basis of democratic centralism.

KKE between the two World Wars 
KKE strongly opposed Greece's involvement in the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922. It considered the war an imperialistic plot to control the market of Asia Minor. KKE members advocated this position both on the front as well as in the mainland. KKE worked with the Soviet ambassador to persuade Venizelos' administration to withdraw its troops from Asia Minor. KKE also tried to persuade the Soviet Union to pressure Mustafa Kemal Atatürk to allow autonomy for Greek cities in Asia Minor.

References

Other websites

 

20th century establishments in Greece
1918 establishments in Europe
Communist parties in Europe
Political parties in Greece
Athens
The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC; ) is a board in India which conduct several exams to select grade 1 officer for Indian government. UPSC is also responsible for traning and allocation of positions to its different selected candidates.

Popular exams conducted by UPSC are Civil services, CDS, IES, NDA and IFOS.

Apart from above five exams UPSC also conducts many other exams to facilitate government vaccant positions. UPSC conducts one of the toughest exam of world through which it recruits civil services aspirants for government of India.

History
Merit based civil services exam system started in India since 1854. Before 1854 Directors of East India company use to recruit or nominate civil servannts and train them at Haileybury college in London.
In early days of civil services exam pappern was focused to help Britishers for this post and exam use to be conducted only at London.
It was first in 1922 that civil services exam started in India as well. 
First Indian to clear civil servant exam was Satender Nath Tagore in 1864 and till 1922 only 4 other Indians could clear civil services.
In 1935 civil service commission was brough to "government of India act" It came in affect since 1st April 1937. It was called as Federal public service commission.

Post Independence 
India became Indipendent on 15th August 1947 and after inaugration of constitution of India on 26th January 1950, Federal Services commission of India was called Union Public services commission under clause (1) of article 378 of Indian constitution.

Every year about 1 Million students fill up form to apply for most prestigious and difficult exam in India called civil services conducted by UPSC.

References

Other websites
UPSC

1920s establishments in India
1926 establishments in Asia
Public services
Government of India
New Delhi
The Lao People's Revolutionary Party (), formerly the Lao People's Party, is a Marxist–Leninist political party in Laos. It has emerged from the Communist Party of Vietnam founded by Hồ Chí Minh in 1930. It has governed in Laos since 1975. The policy-making organs are the Politburo, Secretariat and the Central Committee. A party congress is held every five years. The congress elects members to the politburo and central committee. The congress used to also elect a secretariat, but this body was abolished in 1991. As of 2016, 128 of the 132 members of the National Assembly of Laos were from the Lao People's Revolutionary Party.

History 
The party has its origins in the Communist Party of Indochina founded by Ho Chi Minh in 1930 (see Communist Party of Vietnam). The ICP was entirely Vietnamese at its beginning, but it grew throughout French Indochina. The Communist Party of Indochina was able to found a small "Lao section" in 1936. In the mid-1940s, a campaign to recruit Laotian members began. In 1946 or 1947, Kaysone Phomvihan, a law student at the University of Hanoi, was recruited, along with Nouhak Phoumsavan.

Sources 
 Stuart-Fox, Martin (2008) Historical Dictionary of Laos. Scarecrow Press. ISBNs 0810864118, 978-0-81086-411-5.

1955 establishments in Asia
Communist parties in Asia
Laos
The Communist Party of Chile () is a Chilean political party inspired by the thoughts of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. It was founded in 1922, as the continuation of the Socialist Workers Party. In 1932 it established its youth wing, the Communist Youth of Chile (Juventudes Comunistas de Chile [abbr:JJ.CC]).

Currently, the PCCh is a member of “New Majority” (), a leftist coalition led by Michelle Bachelet.It holds 8 seats in the Chamber of Deputies of Chile.

Leaders

Related pages
Communist Youth of Chile
Luis Emilio Recabarren
Popular Unity
Co-ordinating Committee of Communist Parties in Britain
Juntos PODEMOS Más
Norte Grande insurrection

1920s establishments in Chile
1922 establishments
Communist parties
Politics of Chile
Angelo Acerbi (born 23 September 1925) is an Italian Roman Catholic archbishop. He became a priest in 1948. On 14 August 1979, Acerbi was named Apostolic Nuncio (diplomat of the Holy See) to Colombia, 28 March 1990 to Hungary, 13 January 1994 to Moldova and 8 February 1997 to the Netherlands. He retired on 27 February 2001. He was born in Sesta Godano, Liguria.

References

Other websites

 Angelo Acerbi at Catholic-Hierarchy.org

1925 births
Living people
Italian Roman Catholics
Liguria
Roman Catholic archbishops
Laminitis is a disease that affects the feet of ungulates and is found mostly in horses and cattle. Clinical signs include foot tenderness which makes it harder for them to walk. It also increased digital pulses, and increased temperature in the hooves. The progression of the disease will lead to perforation of the coffin bone through the sole of the hoof or being unable to stand up requiring euthanasia.

Notes

Diseases
Paula Garcés (born March 20, 1974) is a Colombian-American actress. She is known for her appearance in movies such as Clockstoppers, Man of the House and The Harold and Kumar Series.

On TV shows, she starred in CSI: Miami, The Shield, Law and Order: Special Victims Unit, The Sopranos, Oz, Devious Maids, Guiding Light, All My Children and On My Block.

References

Other websites

1974 births
Living people
Colombian entertainers
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Tetiana Mykolayivna Chornovol (; born 4 June 1979) is a Ukrainian journalist, politician and activist. In 2014, she was became a member of the Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine's parliament. She was also one of the leaders in the Euromaidan protests in 2013–14. She is known for investigative reports about corruption in Ukraine.

Chornovol was born in Kyiv. She was married to Mykola Berezovyi until his death in 2014. He died as a volunteer fighter in eastern Ukraine. On 25 December 2013, Chornovol was badly beaten after her car was rammed off a road outside Kyiv. She made a recovery.

References

1979 births
Living people
Activists
Polish journalists
Politicians from Kiev
Writers from Kiev
Free Media Award winners
Ficus religiosa or sacred fig is a species of fig native to the Indian subcontinent and Indochina. It belongs to Moraceae, the fig or mulberry family. It is also known as the bodhi tree, pippala tree, peepul tree, peepal tree or ashwattha tree (in India and Nepal).

The sacred fig is considered to have a religious significance in three major religions of the Indian subcontinent: Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism. It is the type of tree under which Gautama Buddha is believed to have attained enlightenment.  Hindu and Jain ascetics also consider the tree to be sacred and often meditate under them.

It begins life as an epiphyte, and eventually surrounds and outlives its host tree.

References 

Moraceae
Fayez Mustafa al-Sarraj ( or ; born 1960) is a Libyan politician who was the Chairman of the Presidential Council of Libya and Prime Minister of Libya|prime minister of the Government of National Accord (GNA) of Libya that was formed as a result of the Libyan Political Agreement signed on 17 December 2015. He has been a member of the Parliament of Tripoli. He retired on 15 March 2021.

Political career
His father, Mostafa al-Sarraj was a minister during the Libyan Monarchy. Trained as an architect, during the Gaddafi era he worked in the Housing Ministry. In 2014, he served as the Minister of Housing and Utilities in the Maiteeq Cabinet of the GNC. Some critics "regard Sarraj as a politician imposed by foreign powers." At the time of his appointment "Guma el-Gamaty, a member of Libya Dialogue, the UN-chaired body that created the new government, said Sarraj was expected to ask for help to combat Isis and train Libyan units."

Presidency
In early October 2015, the United Nations envoy to Libya, Bernardino León, proposed a national unity government for Libya, led by a prime minister (Fayez al-Sarraj), three deputies from the country's east, west, and south regions, and two ministers to complete a presidential council. However, this national unity government was rejected by the internationally recognized legislature in Tobruk and the rival government in Tripoli.

Fayez al-Sarraj, and six other members of the Presidential Council and proposed cabinet arrived in Tripoli on 30 March 2016. The following day, it was reported that the GNA has taken control of the prime ministerial offices and that the GNC appointed prime minister Khalifa al-Ghawil had fled to Misrata.

Prior to his initial arrival in Tripoli in March 2016, Sarraj survived two separate assassination attempts.

The government's initial proposed group of ministers was rejected by the House of Representatives (HoR), leading Sarraj to form a government that received a no confidence vote from the HoR. Infighting among rival militias has only intensified, and Libyan citizens have faced economic hardships, including inflation, corruption, and smuggling, that are "melting away the country's cash reserves".

References

Other websites
 Government of National Accord – Office of the Prime Minister
 Official Twitter feed

|-

1960 births
Heads of state of Libya
Living people
People from Tripoli
Prime Ministers of Libya
The tornado outbreak of April 2-3, 1982 was a tornado outbreak across the central United States on Friday, April 2, and Saturday, April 3, 1982.

On Friday, April 2, a series of tornadic supercells formed across northeast Texas and southeastern Oklahoma. It produced an F5 tornado in Speer and Broken Bow, Oklahoma. No deaths were reported from this tornado, however, an F4 tornado in Paris, Texas resulted in ten fatalities.

Later in the evening, the supercells that caused the tornadoes moved into Arkansas, causing more deaths in the state. Missouri saw 13 tornadoes during the timeframe. More tornadoes were reported between 8:00 PM on Friday, April 2, and 3:00 PM on Saturday, April 3.

The outbreak killed 29 people and injured 383 others.

Tornado outbreaks
1982
1980s in Texas
20th century in Oklahoma
Disasters in the 1980s
1982 in the United States
April events
The Pokémon Company is a Japanese company founded in 1998 by the same makers of the Pokémon franchise. The Pokémon Company's headquarters is in Tokyo, Japan at the Pokémon Center. It is home to Pokémon toys, games, and other stuff that belongs to the Pokémon franchise. The Pokémon Center is also a mall where people buy goodies and gifts from the Pokémon franchise.

Pikachu is the mascot of The Pokémon Company.

The Pokémon Company also has trading card game booster packs and comics. Some examples of things manufactured by The Pokémon Company include figures, costumes and handheld video games. 

The Pokémon Company has 4 sister companies, each of which is located in different countries in the world.

Japanese video game companies
Pokémon
Abbasanta (Abbasànta) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 2,729 people lived there. Its area is 39.85 km². It is 315 meters above sea level.

References

Other websites 

Communes of Sardinia