cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Human nature refers to the characteristics of mankind. This means ways of thinking, feeling and acting which humans have naturally.

What these characteristics are, what causes them and how fixed human nature is, are good questions. They among the oldest and most important questions in western philosophy. These questions affect ethics, politics and theology. Human nature is a source of advice on how to live well, but it also puts limits and obstacles on living a good life.

The complex implications of such questions are also dealt with in art and literature, while the humanities inquire into human nature, and what it means to be human.

Theories of human nature
Many great thinkers have had definite ideas on human nature, but some ideas have lasted better than others. An example of this is the best-selling college textbook which first appeared in 1974 as Seven theories of human nature. The seven theories were those of:
Plato
Christianity
Marx
Freud
Sartre
Skinner
Lorenz

Thirty years later the selection was of ten theories:
Confucianism
Hinduism
Buddhism
Plato
Aristotle
The Bible
Kant
Marx
Sartre and
Darwinian theories of human nature.

Aristotle
Aristotle, Plato's most famous student, made some of the most famous and influential statements about human nature.

In his works some clear statements about human nature are made:
 Man is a conjugal animal. 'Conjugal' means living together, building a household (oikos). A clan or small village could still be run by the head of the family.
 Man is a political animal. By this he meant an animal with able to develop complex communities the size of a city or town, with a division of labour and law-making. This type of community is different from a large family, and requires the use of human reason.
 Man loves to use his imagination (and not just to make laws and run town councils). We love to look at things, learn their names, and think about them.

For Aristotle, reason is what is most special about humanity compared to other animals, and is what we achieve at our best.

Much of Aristotle's description of human nature is still influential today, but the particular teleological idea that humans are "meant" or intended to be something, has become much less popular in modern times.

Biological theories
Humans are mammals, and have developed by a process of evolution. It follows that what is called human nature is inherited, and had been the product of natural selection. We are not blank slates; our mental life and behaviour has ancient roots. This is the question of nature vs nurture, and the subject-matter of evolutionary psychology. Ethology and sociobiology has also looked at these issues from the perspective of human evolution and heredity.

References

Psychology
Humans
The Krupá River is a tributary of the Blava River in Slovakia. This means it flows into the Blava River.

Rivers of Slovakia
A belly dance is a Middle Eastern type of dancing. In the Arabic language, it is called raqs sharqi (which means "oriental dance"). Many boys and girls in countries where belly dancing is popular will learn how to do it when they are young. The dance involves movement of many different parts of the body; usually in a circular way.

The term "Belly dance" is translated from the French "danse du ventre". However, this dance is done by every part of the body. The most featured body part usually is the hips. Belly dancing is very different depending on country and region, both in costume and dance style.

History

Belly dancing came from the dances performed in the Middle East and North Africa. One theory is that belly dance may have come from Arab, a dance when the Arabians were worshipping a goddess. A third theory is that belly dance was always danced just for entertainment.

Another theory is that belly dance was originally danced by women for women in the Levant, and North Africa.

Belly dance was taken from Egypt with the Romanlar to Turkey

References 

Dances
Michael Laudrup (born 15 June 1964) is a former Danish football player. He has played for Denmark national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1981||Kjøbenhavns Boldklub||First Division||14||3||||||||||14||3
|-
|1982||rowspan="2"|Brøndby||rowspan="2"|First Division||24||15||||||||||24||15
|-
|1983||14||8||||||||||14||8

|-
|1983/84||rowspan="2"|Lazio||rowspan="2"|Serie A||30||8||||||||||30||8
|-
|1984/85||30||1||||||||||30||1
|-
|1985/86||rowspan="4"|Juventus||rowspan="4"|Serie A||29||7||||||||||29||7
|-
|1986/87||20||3||||||||||20||3
|-
|1987/88||27||0||||||||||27||0
|-
|1988/89||26||6||||||||||26||6

|-
|1989/90||rowspan="5"|Barcelona||rowspan="5"|La Liga||32||3||||||||||32||3
|-
|1990/91||30||9||||||||||30||9
|-
|1991/92||36||13||||||||||36||13
|-
|1992/93||37||10||||||||||37||10
|-
|1993/94||31||5||||||||||31||5
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Real Madrid||rowspan="2"|La Liga||33||4||||||||||33||4
|-
|1995/96||29||8||||||||||29||8

|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Vissel Kobe||Football League||12||5||3||2||colspan="2"|-||15||7
|-
|1997||J. League 1||3||0||0||0||6||1||9||1

|-
|1997/98||Ajax||Eredivisie||21||11||||||||||21||11
52||26||||||||||52||26
162||25||||||||||162||25
228||52||||||||||228||52
15||5||3||2||6||1||24||8
21||11||||||||||21||11
478||119||3||2||6||1||487||122
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1982||3||2
|-
|1983||5||7
|-
|1984||13||2
|-
|1985||6||6
|-
|1986||10||1
|-
|1987||4||0
|-
|1988||9||1
|-
|1989||8||4
|-
|1990||6||3
|-
|1991||0||0
|-
|1992||0||0
|-
|1993||4||0
|-
|1994||8||3
|-
|1995||9||5
|-
|1996||8||1
|-
|1997||2||1
|-
|1998||9||1
|-
!Total||104||37
|}

References 

1964 births
Living people
Danish footballers
Danish football managers
Clive Charles is a former English football player.

References

1951 births
2003 deaths
English footballers
Sportspeople from London
Paul Gascoigne (born 27 May 1967) is an English retired football player. He has played for England national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1984/85||rowspan="4"|Newcastle United||rowspan="4"|First Division||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1985/86||31||9||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||35||9
|-
|1986/87||24||5||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||26||5
|-
|1987/88||35||7||3||3||3||1||colspan="2"|-||41||11
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="4"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="4"|First Division||32||6||0||0||5||1||colspan="2"|-||37||8
|-
|1989/90||34||6||0||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||38||8
|-
|1990/91||26||7||6||6||5||6||colspan="2"|-||37||19
|-
|1991/92||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="3"|Lazio||rowspan="3"|Serie A||22||4||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||26||7
|-
|1993/94||17||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||3
|-
|1994/95||4||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||0

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="3"|Rangers||rowspan="3"|Premier Division||28||14||4||3||3||1||7||1||42||21
|-
|1996/97||26||13||1||0||4||3||3||1||34||18
|-
|1997/98||20||3||3||0||0||0||5||0||28||4

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Middlesbrough||First Division||7||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||8||0
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Premier League||26||3||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||29||3
|-
|1999/00||8||1||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||11||1
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Everton||rowspan="2"|Premier League||14||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2001/02||18||1||4||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||23||1
|-
|2001/02||Burnley||First Division||6||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0

|-
|2003||Gansu Tianma||||4||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||2

|-
|2004/05||Boston United||League Two||4||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
267||45||16||9||30||9||colspan="2"|-||313||63
43||6||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||47||6
64||30||8||3||7||4||15||2||104||39
4||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||2
378||83||28||12||37||13||15||2||468||110
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1988||2||0
|-
|1989||4||1
|-
|1990||13||1
|-
|1991||1||0
|-
|1992||2||2
|-
|1993||6||2
|-
|1994||1||0
|-
|1995||6||0
|-
|1996||11||3
|-
|1997||8||1
|-
|1998||3||0
|-
!Total||57||10
|}

References

1967 births
1990 FIFA World Cup players
English autobiographers
English footballers
English football managers
Living people
People with bipolar disorder
Sportspeople from County Durham
Sportspeople from Tyne and Wear
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Premier League players
Marcel Desailly (born 7 September 1968) is a former French football (Soccer player) player. He has played for France national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1986/87||rowspan="6"|Nantes||rowspan="6"|Division 1||13||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||15||0
|-
|1987/88||11||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||11||0
|-
|1988/89||36||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||36||1
|-
|1989/90||36||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||36||1
|-
|1990/91||34||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||34||1
|-
|1991/92||32||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||2
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="2"|Olympique Marseille||rowspan="2"|Division 1||31||1||colspan="2"|-||10||1||41||2
|-
|1993/94||16||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||23||0

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="5"|Milan||rowspan="5"|Serie A||21||1||7||0||6||2||34||3
|-
|1994/95||22||1||7||0||10||0||39||1
|-
|1995/96||32||2||14||1||7||0||53||3
|-
|1996/97||29||1||7||0||5||0||41||1
|-
|1997/98||32||0||14||1||colspan="2"|-||46||1

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="6"|Chelsea||rowspan="6"|Premier League||30||0||7||0||7||1||44||1
|-
|1999/00||22||1||16||0||16||0||54||1
|-
|2000/01||34||2||13||1||1||0||48||3
|-
|2001/02||24||1||12||0||2||0||38||1
|-
|2002/03||31||2||11||0||1||0||43||2
|-
|2003/04||15||0||8||0||8||0||31||0

|-
|2004/05||Al-Gharafa||Stars League||28||15||||||||||28||15
|-
|2005/06||Qatar||Stars League||7||0||||||||||7||0
209||6||7||0||12||1||228||7
136||5||35||2||28||2||199||9
156||6||67||1||35||1||258||8
35||15||||||||||35||15
536||32||109||3||75||4||720||39
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1993||4||0
|-
|1994||7||0
|-
|1995||7||1
|-
|1996||12||0
|-
|1997||7||0
|-
|1998||13||1
|-
|1999||11||0
|-
|2000||16||0
|-
|2001||12||1
|-
|2002||13||0
|-
|2003||9||0
|-
|2004||5||0
|-
!Total||116||3
|}

References 

1968 births
Living people
French footballers
People from Accra
Vinnie Jones (born 5 January 1965) is a former English football player. He played for Wales national team. Jones is now an actor. He played Juggernaut in Marvel's X-Men: The Last Stand. Jones was a housemate in the 2010 UK series of Celebrity Big Brother.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1986-87||rowspan="3"|Wimbledon||rowspan="3"|First Division||22||4
|-
|1987-88||24||2
|-
|1988-89||31||3
|-
|1989-90||rowspan="2"|Leeds United||rowspan="2"|Second Division||45||5
|-
|1990-91||1||0
|-
|1990-91||rowspan="2"|Sheffield United||rowspan="2"|First Division||31||2
|-
|1991-92||4||0
|-
|1991-92||rowspan="2"|Chelsea||First Division||35||3
|-
|1992-93||Premier League||7||1
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="6"|Wimbledon||rowspan="6"|Premier League||27||1
|-
|1993-94||33||2
|-
|1994-95||33||3
|-
|1995-96||31||3
|-
|1996-97||29||3
|-
|1997-98||24||0
|-
|1997-98||rowspan="2"|Queens Park Rangers||rowspan="2"|First Division||7||1
|-
|1998-99||2||0
386||33
386||33
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1994||1||0
|-
|1995||3||0
|-
|1996||3||0
|-
|1997||2||0
|-
!Total||9||0
|}

Filmography

References 

Celebrity Big Brother contestants
English footballers
English movie actors
English television actors
1965 births
Living people
Premier League players
Actors from Hertfordshire
Sportspeople from Hertfordshire
People from Watford
Peter Schmeichel (born 18 November 1963) is a former Danish football player. He has played for Denmark national team.

Schmeichel was a contestant in the 2006 series of Strictly Come Dancing.

Club career statistics

|-
|1984||rowspan="3"|Hvidovre||rowspan="2"|First Division||20||0||||||||||||||20||0
|-
|1985||28||6||||||||||||||28||6
|-
|1986||Second Division||30||0||||||||||||||30||0
|-In 2012, Schmeichel said on his his website that he was a Freemason.
|1987||rowspan="5"|Brøndby||rowspan="4"|First Division||23||2||||||||||2||0||25||2
|-
|1988||26||0||||||||||4||0||30||0
|-
|1989||26||0||||||||||2||0||28||0
|-
|1990||26||0||||||||||2||0||28||0
|-
|1991||Superliga||18||0||||||||||10||0||28||0

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="8"|Manchester United||First Division||40||0||3||0||6||0||4||0||53||0
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="7"|Premier League||42||0||3||0||2||0||1||0||48||0
|-
|1993/94||40||0||7||0||8||0||4||0||59||0
|-
|1994/95||32||0||7||0||0||0||3||0||43||0
|-
|1995/96||36||0||6||0||1||0||2||1||45||1
|-
|1996/97||36||0||3||0||0||0||9||0||49||0
|-
|1997/98||32||0||4||0||0||0||7||0||44||0
|-
|1998/99||34||0||8||0||0||0||13||0||56||0

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Sporting Portugal||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||28||0||||||||||||||28||0
|-
|2000/01||22||0||||||||||||||22||0

|-
|2001/02||Aston Villa||Premier League||29||1||1||0||2||0||4||0||36||1
|-
|2002/03||Manchester City||Premier League||29||0||1||0||1||0||0||0||31||0
197||8||||||||||20||0||217||8
350||1||43||0||20||0||47||1||460||2
50||0||||||||||||||50||0
597||9||43||0||20||0||67||1||727||10
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1987||5||0
|-
|1988||11||0
|-
|1989||12||0
|-
|1990||10||0
|-
|1991||7||0
|-
|1992||12||0
|-
|1993||9||0
|-
|1994||7||0
|-
|1995||8||0
|-
|1996||10||0
|-
|1997||6||0
|-
|1998||10||0
|-
|1999||11||0
|-
|2000||10||1
|-
|2001||1||0
|-
!Total||129||1
|}

References

Danish footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Manchester City F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Strictly Come Dancing participants
1963 births
Living people
Chris Coleman (born 10 June 1970) is a former Welsh football player. He has played for Wales national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1987-88||rowspan="4"|Swansea City||Fourth Division||30||0
|-
|1988-89||rowspan="3"|Third Division||43||0
|-
|1989-90||46||2
|-
|1990-91||41||0
|-
|1991-92||rowspan="5"|Crystal Palace||First Division||18||4
|-
|1992-93||Premier League||38||5
|-
|1993-94||First Division||46||3
|-
|1994-95||Premier League||35||1
|-
|1995-96||First Division||17||0
|-
|1995-96||rowspan="3"|Blackburn Rovers||rowspan="3"|Premier League||20||0
|-
|1996-97||8||0
|-
|1997-98||0||0
|-
|1997-98||rowspan="5"|Fulham||rowspan="2"|Second Division||26||1
|-
|1998-99||45||4
|-
|1999-00||rowspan="2"|First Division||40||3
|-
|2000-01||25||0
|-
|2001-02||Premier League||0||0
478||23
478||23
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1992||1||1
|-
|1993||1||0
|-
|1994||6||2
|-
|1995||3||0
|-
|1996||4||0
|-
|1997||1||0
|-
|1998||6||1
|-
|1999||4||0
|-
|2000||5||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
!Total||32||4
|}

References

1970 births
Living people
Welsh footballers
Welsh football managers
People from Swansea
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Marcus Hahnemann is an American soccer player. He plays for Reading and United States national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1994||rowspan="3"|Seattle Sounders||rowspan="3"|A-League||20||0||||||||||||
|-
|1995||24||0||||||||||||
|-
|1996||27||0||||||||||||
|-
|1997||rowspan="3"|Colorado Rapids||rowspan="3"|Major League Soccer||25||0||||||||||||
|-
|1998||28||0||||||||||||
|-
|1999||13||0||||||||||||

|-
|2000-01||Fulham||First Division||2||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||4||0
|-
|2001-02||Rochdale||Third Division||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|2001-02||rowspan="8"|Reading||Second Division||6||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|2002-03||rowspan="2"|First Division||43||0||2||0||1||0||46||0
|-
|2003-04||36||0||2||0||4||0||42||0
|-
|2004-05||rowspan="2"|League Championship||46||0||3||0||2||0||51||0
|-
|2005-06||45||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||47||0
|-
|2006-07||rowspan="2"|Premier League||38||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||38||0
|-
|2007-08|||38||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||38||0
|-
|2008-09||League Championship||||||||||||||||
137||0||||||||||||
259||0||7||0||11||0||277||0
396||0||||||||||||
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2003||1||0
|-
|2004||0||0
|-
|2005||2||0
|-
|2006||0||0
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
!Total||4||0
|}

References

1972 births
Living people
American soccer players
Sportspeople from Seattle, Washington
Association football goalkeepers
Kit Symons (born 8 March 1971) is an English former footballer. He played for Wales national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1988-89||rowspan="8"|Portsmouth||rowspan="4"|Second Division||2||0
|-
|1989-90||1||0
|-
|1990-91||1||0
|-
|1991-92||46||1
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="4"|First Division||41||2
|-
|1993-94||29||3
|-
|1994-95||40||4
|-
|1995-96||1||0
|-
|1995-96||rowspan="3"|Manchester City||Premier League||38||2
|-
|1996-97||rowspan="2"|First Division||44||0
|-
|1997-98||42||2
|-
|1998-99||rowspan="4"|Fulham||Second Division||45||11
|-
|1999-00||rowspan="2"|First Division||29||2
|-
|2000-01||24||0
|-
|2001-02||Premier League||4||0
|-
|2001-02||rowspan="4"|Crystal Palace||rowspan="3"|First Division||9||0
|-
|2002-03||25||0
|-
|2003-04||15||0
|-
|2004-05||Premier League||0||0
436||27
436||27
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1992||7||0
|-
|1993||6||0
|-
|1994||2||0
|-
|1995||5||1
|-
|1996||4||0
|-
|1997||3||0
|-
|1998||3||1
|-
|1999||1||0
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||4||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||1||0
|-
!Total||37||2
|}

References

1971 births
Living people
English footballers
Welsh footballers
English football managers
Welsh football managers
People from Basingstoke
Sportspeople from Hampshire
Premier League players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Tim Howard (born 6 March 1979) is an American soccer player. He plays for Everton and United States national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1997||North Jersey Imperials||USISL D-3 Pro League||6||0||||||||||||||6||0
|-
|1998||rowspan="6"|MetroStars||rowspan="6"|Major League Soccer||1||0||||||||||||||1||0
|-
|1999||9||0||||||||||||||9||0
|-
|2000||9||0||||||||||||||9||0
|-
|2001||26||0||||||||||||||26||0
|-
|2002||27||0||||||||||||||27||0
|-
|2003||13||0||||||||||||||13||0

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Manchester United||rowspan="3"|Premier League||32||0||4||0||0||0||7||0||43||0
|-
|2004/05||12||0||4||0||5||0||5||0||26||0
|-
|2005/06||1||0||2||0||3||0||0||0||6||0
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Everton||rowspan="4"|Premier League||36||0||1||0||1||0||0||0||38||0
|-
|2007/08||36||0||0||0||3||0||8||0||47||0
|-
|2008/09||38||0||6||0||1||0||2||0||47||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
91||0||||||||||||||||
155||0||17||0||13||0||22||0||207||0
246||0||17||0||13||0||22||0||207||0
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2002||2||0
|-
|2003||7||0
|-
|2004||3||0
|-
|2005||2||0
|-
|2006||2||0
|-
|2007||10||0
|-
|2008||9||0
|-
|2009||13||0
|-
|2010||9||0
|-
|2011||15||0
|-
!Total||72||0
|}

References 

1979 births
Living people
American soccer players
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Association football goalkeepers
Marcelo Salas (born 24 December 1974) is a former Chilean football player. He has played for Chile national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1993||rowspan="4"|Universidad Chile||rowspan="4"|Primera División||15||1||||||||||15||1
|-
|1994||25||27||15||12||6||2||46||41
|-
|1995||27||17||4||0||7||5||38||22
|-
|1996||10||5||5||2||12||5||27||12

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="2"|River Plate||rowspan="2"|Primera División||26||11||colspan="2"|-||4||0||30||11
|-
|1997/98||27||13||colspan="2"|-||10||7||37||20

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="3"|Lazio||rowspan="3"|Serie A||30||15||7||5||6||3||43||23
|-
|1999/00||28||11||3||0||11||5||42||17
|-
|2000/01||21||7||2||1||9||0||32||8
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Juventus||rowspan="2"|Serie A||7||1||2||1||2||0||11||2
|-
|2002/03||11||1||2||0||2||1||15||2

|-
|2003-04||rowspan="2"|River Plate||rowspan="2"|Primera División||17||6||colspan="2"|-||4||2||21||8
|-
|2004-05||15||4||colspan="2"|-||7||5||22||9

|-
|2005||rowspan="4"|Universidad Chile||rowspan="4"|Primera División||10||5||colspan="2"|-||||||10||5
|-
|2006||28||13||colspan="2"|-||||||28||13
|-
|2007||14||8||colspan="2"|-||||||14||8
|-
|2008||22||9||||||||||22||9
151||87||24||14||25||12||200||113
85||34||colspan="2"|-||25||14||110||48
97||36||16||7||30||9||143||52
333||157||40||21||80||35||453||213
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1994||3||1
|-
|1995||12||4
|-
|1996||11||6
|-
|1997||7||9
|-
|1998||10||10
|-
|1999||5||0
|-
|2000||7||2
|-
|2001||2||2
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||4||0
|-
|2005||3||1
|-
|2006||0||0
|-
|2007||6||2
|-
!Total||70||37
|}

References 

1974 births
Living people
Chilean footballers
People from La Araucanía Region
Duncan Edwards (1 October 1936 - 21 February 1958) was an English footballer. He played for Manchester United and the England national team.  Edwards was one of the eight "Busby Babes" who died in the Munich air disaster.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1952/53||rowspan="6"|Manchester United||rowspan="6"|First Division||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1953/54||24||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|-
|1954/55||33||6||3||0||colspan="2"|-||36||6
|-
|1955/56||33||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||33||3
|-
|1956/57||34||5||6||1||7||0||47||6
|-
|1957/58||26||6||2||0||5||0||33||6
151||20||12||1||12||0||175||21
151||20||12||1||12||0||175||21
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1955||4||0
|-
|1956||6||3
|-
|1957||7||2
|-
!Total||17||5
|}

References 

1936 births
1958 deaths
Aviation deaths
English footballers
Manchester United F.C. players
Sportspeople from Worcestershire
Roger Milla (born 20 May 1952) is a former Cameroonian football player. He has played for Cameroon national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1971||rowspan="4"|Léopards Douala||rowspan="4"|MTN Elite one||29||25
|-
|1972||30||20
|-
|1973||28||19
|-
|1974||30||25
|-
|1975||rowspan="3"|Tonnerre Kalara Yaoundé||rowspan="3"|MTN Elite one||29||23
|-
|1976||28||26
|-
|1977||30||20

|-
|1978/79||Valenciennes-Anzin||Division 1||28||6
|-
|1979/80||Monaco||Division 1||17||2
|-
|1980/81||rowspan="4"|Bastia||rowspan="4"|Division 1||30||9
|-
|1981/82||23||8
|-
|1982/83||29||13
|-
|1983/84||31||5
|-
|1984/85||rowspan="2"|Saint-Étienne||rowspan="2"|Division 2||31||22
|-
|1985/86||28||9
|-
|1986/87||rowspan="3"|Montpellier La Paillade||Division 2||33||18
|-
|1987/88||rowspan="2"|Division 1||33||12
|-
|1988/89||29||7
204||158
312||111
516||269
|}

International career statistics 

|-
!Total||102||28
|}

References 

1952 births
Living people
Cameroonian footballers
Toni Turek is a former football player. He has played for West Germany national team. In 1954 he became world champion. He is called "Fußballgott" ("football god").

Club career statistics

|-
|1946-47||Eintracht Frankfurt||Oberliga||22||0
|-
|1947-48||rowspan="3"|Ulm||rowspan="2"|Oberliga||37||0
|-
|1948-49||28||0
|-
|1949-50||||0||0
|-
|1950-51||rowspan="5"|Fortuna Düsseldorf||rowspan="5"|Oberliga||28||0
|-
|1951-52||30||0
|-
|1952-53||30||0
|-
|1953-54||30||0
|-
|1954-55||15||0
|-
|1955-56||Borussia Mönchengladbach||Oberliga||4||0
224||0
224||0

International career statistics

|-
|1950||1||0
|-
|1951||4||0
|-
|1952||4||0
|-
|1953||4||0
|-
|1954||4||0
|-
!Total||20||0

References

Further reading 
 Werner Raupp: Toni Turek - "Fußballgott". Eine Biographie. Hildesheim: Arete Verlag 2019.

Other websites 
 Private archive of Werner Raupp, Hohenstein/Schwäb. Alb.

1919 births
1984 deaths
German association football goalkeepers
People from Duisburg
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Arthur Tudor (19 or 20 September 1486 - 2 April 1502) was the oldest son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York.

As the oldest son, Arthur was to be King of England after the death of his father. In 1501, he married Catherine of Aragon, a princess from Spain. He died a few months later. His younger brother, Henry, became heir to the throne. After Henry became king in 1509, he married Arthur's widow, Catherine. 

1486 births
1502 deaths
House of Tudor
The American Museum of Natural History is a museum about science. It is one of the biggest and most-visited museums in the world.

The museum is made of 25 connected buildings in Theodore Roosevelt Park on the Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York, USA. It has 46 exhibition halls, a lot of laboratories, a research library, and more than 34 million specimens and artifacts.

More than 200 scientists work at the museum, researching biology, paleontology, earth science, astrophysics, and anthropology. Its graduate school awards doctorate degrees in biology and masters degrees in education. The museum also provides education programs for children and adults, including for teachers.

Famous people who have worked at the museum include Teddy Roosevelt, Franz Boas, Margaret Mead, and Neil DeGrasse Tyson.

Other websites 
 AMNH American Museum of Natural History main website
 History of the AMNH 
 Library collection is searchable online.

Museums in New York City
1869 establishments in the United States
1860s establishments in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
New York City Designated Landmarks
Natural history museums
Janis Lyn Joplin (January 19, 1943 – October 4, 1970) was an American singer, songwriter, and music arranger, from Port Arthur, Texas. She rose to prominence in the late 1960s as the lead singer of Big Brother and the Holding Company, and later as a solo artist.  In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Joplin #46 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Her vocal range was mezzo-soprano.

Death
She died in Los Angeles, California of an accidental overdose of heroin at the age of 27.

Discography
Big Brother and the Holding Company

Kozmic Blues Band

Full Tilt Boogie

Big Brother & the Holding Company / Full Tilt Boogie

Later collections

1943 births
1970 deaths
American rock singers
American rock guitarists
Singer-songwriters from Texas
Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States
Mezzo-sopranos
Bisexual people
Gary Glitter, born Paul Francis Gadd, (born 8 May 1944 in Banbury, Oxfordshire) is a British former glam rock singer whose career ended in late 1990s by criminal charges and convictions for child sexual abuse offenses.  Glitter recorded a very popular song called "Rock and Roll, Parts 1 and 2", often known as "The Hey Song", which was frequently played at sporting events.

His mother was a cleaner who was unmarried and she raised him with the help of her mother and he knew his father and he was hard to control because of his antisocial behaviour along with his brother and he was taken with his brother into local authority care when he was 10 years old. Although a Protestant he went to a Roman Catholic school. He got in trouble at school as a child, he also often ran away and went to London to clubs where his glam rock career started and he started calling himself Paul Raven in 1960 when his glam rock career started and then Gary Glitter in 1971 which he is known as. He has become infamous after being convicted of possessing child pornography and of child sexual abuse. Glitter has also been investigated for claims of child abuse dating back to the 1950s, connecting to the activities of the deceased child abuser Jimmy Savile. He was briefly married to Anne Merton with who he had 2 children, a son called Paul and a daughter called Sarah but Glitter and Merton divorced. Later when he lived in Cuba he had a Cuban girlfriend called Yudenia Sosa Martinez with who he had another son in 2001 called Gary Glitter Jr. In the 1970s Giltter was also convicted of driving under the influence and had used drugs such as cocaine and had a drug overdose.

Glitter who became a vegetarian and embraced Buddhism lived in Cambodia until 2002 when he was extradited to Vietnam where he was sentenced to three years jail in early 2006 for child sex offences he committed in Vietnam but on appeal twice with his Vietnamese lawyer he was released in November 2008. He has since returned to the United Kingdom where the British Government has decided that he can't travel overseas and several countries around the world have banned him and he gave in his passport to the government officials as required. Gary Glitter was placed on the UK Sex Offender Registry for life as a registered sex offender showing his real name Paul Francis Gadd and his other name of Gary Glitter. He was also arrested in 2012 by police investigating complaints against Jimmy Savile and questioned and has been monitored by Police in an investigation code named Operation Yewtree and is one of the most hated people. Others arrested include Dave Lee Travis, Stuart Hall, Wilfred De'ath, Ted Beston, Jimmy Tarbuck, Jim Davidson, Freddie Starr, Max Clifford, Paul Gambaccini and Rolf Harris. In June 2014, Glitter was charged with eight child sex offences dating back to the 1970s. Glitter was sentenced to 16 years in prison in February 2015.

References

Other websites 

1944 births
Living people
British prisoners
British sex offenders
Buddhists
Child sexual abusers
English criminals
English rock musicians
English singers
Musicians from Oxfordshire
Operation Yewtree
Vegetarians
Richard Paul Astley (born 6 February 1966) is a British singer, songwriter and musician. He was born in Great Sankey, Warrington, Lancashire, England and grew up in Newton-le-Willows, Merseyside. Astley has also lived in Richmond, London with his Danish wife, Lene Bausager, and their daughter, Emilie.

Career
In 1985, Astley was a drummer with a soul band named FBI when Pete Waterman noticed him and persuaded him to come to London to work at the PWL recording studio.

His first single was the little-known "When You Gonna," released as a collaboration with Lisa Carter. His first solo offering was "Never Gonna Give You Up," released in 1987 which spent five weeks at the top of the British charts and becoming the year's highest-selling single. On 12 March 1988, "Never Gonna Give You Up" also topped the U.S. singles chart and was followed by a second U.S. #1 on 18 June with his second U.S. single release, "Together Forever." In 1989 he was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best New Artist of the Year.  He lost to Tracy Chapman.

Much later, thanks to the rick rolling phenomenon and the persistent voting of the website 4chan, he was also nominated for the Best Act Ever Award 2008 at the Liverpool Music Awards.

Rickroll internet phenomenon

In 2007 Rick Astley became the subject of a viral Internet meme in which an estimated 25 million Internet users were tricked into watching Rick Astley's video "Never Gonna Give You Up" by posting it under the name of other popular video titles. The practice is now known as Rickrolling. The phenomenon became so popular that on April 1, 2008, YouTube pranked its users by making every single featured video on the front page a Rickroll.

Discography

Canada Top data: for singles and albums from The Record magazine. US Top data: for singles from The Billboard Hot 100, for albums from The Billboard 200; UK Top data for singles and albums is from UK Singles Chart.

References

Other websites

Official Rick Astley website
Official Rick Astley MySpace
Official Rick Astley YouTube channel

1966 births
Living people
English pop musicians
English singers
Musicians from Merseyside
Swallows and Amazons is a series of children's books by the English writer Arthur Ransome. The series is named after the title of the first book in the series. The 12 books are about the adventures by groups of children during school holidays. Events mostly take place in England and Scotland between the World War I and World War II. The stories usually are about outdoor activities, especially camping, fishing and sailing.

Overview 
The series remains popular today for its lovely, yet often realistic, depiction of childhood and the interplay between children's imagination and reality. It is part of the basis for a large tourist industry in the Lake District and Norfolk Broads areas of England, where many of the books are set. There are also several groups dedicated to the study and promotion of Ransome's work which are largely inspired by the series. The first was the Arthur Ransome Club in Japan. There is also the British-based group, The Arthur Ransome Society (TARS), which has an international membership.

The series begins with Swallows and Amazons, published in 1930. It tells the story of the Walker children, who sail a dinghy (boat) named Swallow, and the Blackett children, who sail a dinghy named Amazon. The Walkers are staying at a farm near a lake during the school holidays; the Blacketts live in a house on the opposite shore. The children meet on an island on the lake, and have a series of adventures that weave imaginative tales of pirates and exploration into everyday life in inter-War, rural England.

Series of books
Children's books
This article presents the discography of the pop singer Rick Astley.

Albums

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Singles

Other songs

 "A Dream for Us"
 "Be With You"
 "Behind The Smile"
 "Body & Soul"
 "Breathe"
 "Dial My Number"
 "Don't Ask"
 "Don't Say Goodbye"
 "Enough Love"
 "Everytime"
 "Full of You"
 "I Don't Wanna Lose Her"
 "I Don't Want to Be Your Lover"
 "I'll Be Fine"
 "I'll Never Let You Down"
 "I'll Never Set You Free"
 "In The Name of Love"
 "Is This Really Love"
 "Just Good Friends"
 "Keep It Turned on"
 "Learning to Live"
 "Let's Go out Tonight"
 "Modern Girl"
 "Miracle"

 "Natures Gift"
 "Never Knew Love"
 "No More Looking for Love"
 "One Night Stand"
 "Really Got a Problem"
 "Remember The Days"
 "Romeo Loves Juliet"
 "Slipping Away"
 "So Glad"
 "Some Kinda Love"
 "Stop Breaking Your Heart"
 "The Bottom Line"
 "The Love Has Gone"
 "The Once You Love"
 "This Must Be Heaven"
 "Till Then (Time Stands Still)"
 "Vincent"
 "Waiting For the Bell to Ring"
 "Wanna Believe You"
 "What You See Is What You Don't Get"
 "When You Gonna" (with Lisa Carter)
 "When You Love Someone"
 "Wonderful You"
 "You Move Me"

References

Discography
Astley, Rick
Arthur Michell Ransome (born 18 January 1884 in Leeds - died 3 June 1967) was an English writer and journalist. He is best known for writing the Swallows and Amazons series of children's books. 

Ransome was born in Leeds. His father was Professor of History there. His father's death in 1897 affected Ransome for a long time. He always tried to get past his belief that his father had did not think his abilities were very good.

Ransome got his formal education first in Windermere. He then studied at the Rugby School (where he lived in Lewis Carroll's study room). He did not fully like his time there because of his poor vision, lack of skills at sports, and limited achievement. He attended Yorkshire College, his father's college studying chemistry. After a year there, he stopped going to the college. He went to London to become a writer. He took low-paying jobs as an office assistant in a publishing company. He also worked as editor of a magazine, Temple Bar Magazine, that was not making much money. During this time, he was writing and became a member of the literary scene of London.

Swallows and Amazons
Ransom's most well known book series, Swallows and Amazons, tells the stories of school-holiday adventures of children. The stories are mostly set in the Lake District and the Norfolk Broads. Many of the books involve sailing. Other common things are fishing and camping. The books are so popular that they give a basis of a tourist industry around Windermere and Coniston Water — the two lakes that Ransome used as the basis for his fictional North Country lake.

1884 births
1967 deaths
English writers
British journalists
"Never Gonna Give You Up" is a dance-pop song originally made by Rick Astley. It was released as a single from Astley's multi-million selling debut album, Whenever You Need Somebody, which was written and produced by Stock Aitken Waterman. The song was a worldwide number-one hit, initially in the singer's native United Kingdom in 1987, where it stayed at number one for five weeks and was the best-selling single of that year.

The music video for the song has become the basis for the "Rickrolling" internet meme.

Track listings 

 7" single
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" — 3:32
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (instrumental) — 3:30

 12" maxi
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (cake mix) — 5:46
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (instrumental) — 6:19
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" — 3:31
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (escape to New York mix) — 7:01
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (escape from Newton mix) — 6:23

 12" maxi
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (cake mix) — 5:48
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (instrumental) — 3:30
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" — 3:32

 12" single
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (escape from Newton mix) — 6:30
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (escape to New York mix) — 7:00

Credits 
 Written and produced by Stock, Aitken & Waterman
 Engineer: Mark McGuire, Mike Duffy
 Mixed by:
 Escape from Newton mix: Mixmaster Pete Hammond
 Escape to New York mix: The Extra Beat Boys

Certifications

Charts

References

Other websites 
 Rick Astley TV, YouTube

Rick Astley songs
1987 songs
The Stanley Cup playoffs are an elimination tournament in the National Hockey League.

To win the Stanley Cup, a team must win 16 playoff games, 4 in each of the 4 rounds. 

The playoffs have 4 rounds. Each round is a best-of-seven series. This means up to seven games are played until one team wins 4 of the games. The first three rounds decide which team from each conference will move on to the last round. The last round is called the Stanley Cup Finals. The winner of that set of games becomes the NHL and Stanley Cup winner. 

The first round of the playoffs is called the Conference Quarterfinals. There are four games in each conference. The winners of the first round advance to the second round. The third round is the Conference Finals. The two teams left in each conference (Eastern Conference and Western Conference) play each other. The conference champions advance to the Stanley Cup Finals.

For the first three rounds, the higher-seeded team has home-ice advantage. In the Stanley Cup Finals, it goes to the team with the better regular season record. The team with home-ice advantage hosts games 1, 2, 5 and 7, while the opponent hosts games 3, 4 and 6 (games 5–7 are played "if needed").

Unlike regular season games, which have an altered format for overtime games (3 skaters and a goalie per side), playoff games have regular squads (5 skaters and a goalie per side) and are all played as sudden death format.

History
Before the 1993–94 season, the style was completely different.  The league was split into four divisions, and the best four teams in each of the divisions went to the playoffs.  Also, instead of the top team playing the 8th place team in the conference, the first place team played the fourth place team in each division, and the second place team played the third place team.  In the second round, the two winning teams in each division would face each other for the divisional championship.  The divisional winners in each conference would play one another in the third round for the right to advance to the Stanley Cup Final.  This style is still used for deciding the teams in the playoffs in the American Hockey League.

 
National Hockey League
play
The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of government and chief executive of Israel. The prime minister holds the de facto most senior office in the state and is usually the leader of the majority party or coalition in the Parliament of Israel. The current Prime Minister is Naftali Bennett who took office in June 2021.

List of prime ministers

Living former Prime Ministers

References

Lists of Israeli people
Israel
The Abukuma River (阿武隈川, Abukuma gawa or Abukumagawa) is a river in the Tōhoku region of Japan.  It has a length of 234 kilometers. It is the second longest river in the Tōhoku region of Japan and the 6th longest river in Japan. It rises from springs in the peaks of the Nasu Mountains. It collects water from tributaries leaving the Ōu Mountains and the Abukuma Highlands (阿武隈高地). Then, it empties out into the Pacific Ocean as a major river. It has a 5,390 km² area watershed. About 1.2 million people live along its basin.

Rivers of Japan
The Replacements were an American rock band. They began in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1979, and are best known for being early pioneers of alternative rock.

Live performances

The Replacements became popular locally after playing live for the first time. This was because of Tommy Stinson's young age. He was still 13. He had learned to play bass guitar at 11 . Early shows were good but soon because impossible to control. The band became known for their rowdy, angry, and often drunken live shows. They often came up on stage too intoxicated to play.

They were banned permanently from Saturday Night Live after performing drunk before a national television audience on January 18, 1986. As one critic said, the band could quite often be "mouthing profanities into the camera, stumbling into each other, falling down, dropping their instruments, and generally behaving like the apathetic drunks they were."

The Replacements—when sober—got critical praise for their live shows. Part of the suspense of seeing the Replacements play, was that the audience never knew until the start of a concert if the band would be sober enough to play. It was not unusual for the group to play entire sets of cover versions, ranging anywhere from Bryan Adams's "Summer of '69" to Dusty Springfield's "The Look of Love" to Led Zeppelin's "Black Dog."

Other reading

References 

American rock bands
American punk bands
Musical groups from Minnesota
Musicians from Minneapolis, Minnesota
Steely Dan is an American jazz rock band. They are from Annandale-on-Hudson, New York.  They were active from 1971 to 1981.  They reunited in 1993 to play their music live at concerts.

Discography
Studio albums
 Can't Buy a Thrill (1972)
 Countdown to Ecstasy (1973)
 Pretzel Logic (1974)
 Katy Lied (1975)
 The Royal Scam (1976)
 Aja (1977)
 Gaucho (1980)
 Everything Must Go (2003)

American rock bands
Jazz bands
Pop rock bands
Musical groups from New York
Mastodon is an American heavy metal band from Atlanta, Georgia. This band was formed in 1999.

Discography
Remission (2002)
Leviathan (2004)
Blood Mountain (2006)
Crack the Skye (2009)
The Hunter (2011)
 Once More 'Round the Sun (2014)
 Emperor of Sand (2017)
 Hushed and Grim (2021)

Other websites

 Official Mastodon website
 Mastodon's official MySpace
 Relapse Records

American heavy metal bands
Musical groups from Atlanta, Georgia
Musical groups established in 2000
2000 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
The Latin alphabet in Turkic countries is the common alphabet officially used in most countries with Turkic languages. Turkic languages can also be written in Arabic, Persian and Cyrillic.

History

After World War I, many Turkic countries implemented a policy of westernization, centered even on the use of the Latin alphabet.
The first was Turkey in 1928, where Kemal Atatürk substituted the Arab alphabet with the Roman alphabet after ordering the end of the Ottoman Empire.

Soon all the Turkic-speaking countries of the Soviet Central Asia did the same and used the so-called "unified Turkish Latin alphabet" based on the one of Atatürk's Turkey, but during WWII, Stalin ordered a Russification process in his Soviet Union and the Latin alphabet was replaced again by the Cyrillic alphabet.

After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, most of the newly independent Turkic Asian countries put back the Latin alphabet. There are small differences between each country's alphabet.

List of Turkic countries with Roman (Latin) alphabet
Turkey. Officially using only the Roman since 1928.
Azerbaijan. Officially using only the Roman since 1991. 
Turkmenistan. Officially using only the Roman since 1999.
Uzbekistan. Officially using only the Roman since 2005, but still using the Cyrillic.
Kazakhstan. Using both Roman and Cyrillic.
Kyrgyzstan. Using both Roman and Cyrillic.

Letters of Latin alphabet

The Turkish alphabet used in Turkey, based on Latin capital and lower case letters, has 29 letters (but other countries like Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan have more letters). Unusual among languages that use the Latin alphabet, Turkish has both a dotted and dotless version of the letter "I".

Of these 29 letters in the Latin alphabet of Turkey, 8 are vowels (A, E, I, İ, O, Ö, U, Ü); the 21 others are consonants. The letters Q, W, and X of the English alphabet do not occur in this Turkish Latin alphabet, and, in fact, were once illegal in Turkey.

The Turkish alphabet used in other Turkic countries, like Kazakhstan, when using Latin alphabet like in the case of Qazaqsa, has some different letters.

For example, the Qazaqsa Latin alphabet has 38 letters:

Bibliography
Johanson, Lars & Csató, Éva Agnes 1998. The Turkic languages. Routledge, London.  
Lewis, Geoffrey 2002. The Turkish language reform: a catastrophic success. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 

Latin alphabet
Turkey
Kazakhstan
American Eagle is a clothing store in the United States and Canada. Most people who buy clothing from American Eagle are teenagers and young adults. The store opened in 1977 and the headquarters is in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Other websites 
American Eagle website

American clothing companies
1977 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Pennsylvania
Companies based in Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
The Church of Scotland is the national church of Scotland, established by law.  It is Presbyterian. The Presbyterian Church of Scotland is  distinguished from the Anglican Church in a number of ways. It does not have bishops or archbishops; nor is the British monarch its head. The leading minister is called the Moderator, who is the chair of the General Assembly for one year. Ministers of the Kirk, as it is called, may be called Rectors.

The established kirk has suffered schism (breaks), and this has given rise to the "Wee Frees": the Free Church of Scotland, and (a further schism) the Free Church of Scotland (continuing) (the Wee Wee Frees); and the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland (also, confusingly, called the Wee Wee Frees). 

The Scottish Presbyterian church was formed when it broke away from Rome in 1560. Its theology (beliefs) were based on the ideas of John Knox, a disciple of John Calvin. The free kirks tend to take the Bible more literally. 

About 10% of the people in Scotland are members of this church, but when asked in a census, 47% of people said this was their religion.

God's Invitation
In 1992, the Kirk's ruling body (the General Assembly) approved the following simple summary of its beliefs.

God's Invitation 
  
God made the world
	and all its creatures
	with men and women made in His image.

By breaking His laws people have broken contact with God,
	and damaged His good world.
	This we see and sense in the world and in ourselves.

The Bible tells us the Good News that God still loves us
	and has shown His love uniquely in His Son, Jesus Christ.
	He lived among us
	and died on the cross to save us from our sin.
	But God raised Him from the dead! 

In His love, this living Jesus invites us
	to turn from our sins
	and enter by faith into a restored relationship with God
	Who gives true life before and beyond death.

Then, with the power of the Holy Spirit remaking us like Jesus,
	we – with all Christians –
	worship God,
	enjoy His friendship
	and are available for Him to use
	in sharing and showing
	His love, justice, and peace
	locally and globally
	until Jesus returns!

In Jesus’ name
	we gladly share with you God's message for all people –
	You matter to God!

References

Presbyterianism
Establishments in Scotland
1560s establishments in Europe
1560 establishments