cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Rügen is a former district in the northeastern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.   

Rügen districts is two large islands, Rügen and Hiddensee, and some small islands like Ummanz and Vilm. It is thus the only district of Germany which is not on the mainland.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official website (German)
 Tourism website (German, English)

Former rural districts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Bärschwil is a municipality in the district of Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Uecker-Randow is a former district in the eastern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

The district was created on 12 June 1994 by joining the old districts of Pasewalk, Ueckermünde and part of the district Strasburg.
 
The district was merged on 4 September 2011 into Vorpommern-Greifswald.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official website 
 Regional Tourist Board Vorpommern
 Ost|See|Land - Tourism Overview site

Former rural districts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
The  or Victory Column is a famous sight in Berlin.

It was designed after 1864 to remember Prussia winning the Danish-Prussian war. By the time it was finished on 2 September 1873 Prussia had also beat Austria in the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and France in the Franco-Prussian War (1870/1871). A bronze sculpture of Victoria was added. Victoria was  high and weighed 35 tonnes. Berliners like to give nicknames to famous buildings. They call the statue Goldelse, meaning something like "Golden Lizzy". She also has the nickname of "Chick on a Stick".

The column was built in the Königsplatz, now the Platz der Republik, in front of the Reichstag building. It had three blocks of sandstone decorated by cannons taken from the enemies in the three wars. In 1938 the column was moved to its present location, and a fourth ring, decorated with golden garlands was added.

Around the base are four bronze reliefs showing the three wars and the winning army marching into Berlin. They were made by four Berlin sculptors:
 Moritz Schulz (1825 – 1904)
 Karl Keil (1838 – 1889)
 Alexander Calandrelli (1834-1903)
 and Albert Wolff (1814 – 1892)

These reliefs were taken away in 1945. The French occupying army did not want to remind Germans about old victories. French president François Mitterrand returned the reliefs in time for Berlin's 750th anniversary of Berlin.

The monument is now on the Großer Stern (Great Star). Many roads meet here, so there are four tunnels under the roads to the monument, and it is possible to climb the steps inside the column and look out over Berlin. If the Nazis had not moved the column it would probably have been destroyed in World War II.

The column is in Wim Wenders' film Wings of Desire. In the film it is the place where angels meet. The golden statue on the column was in the music video to U2's "Stay (Faraway, So Close!)" and inspired Paul van Dyk's 1998 trance music hit, "For an Angel".

"El Ángel" in Mexico City looks a lot like the Berlin victory column.

The Victory Column is open every day: April-October 9:30am-6:30pm November-March 9:30am-5:30pm.

Other websites 

Buildings and structures in Berlin
Landmarks in Germany
Monuments and memorials in Germany
Gevelsberg is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr Rural District the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Geography
Schwelm is in the southeast of the Ruhr Area of Germany.

Bürgermeister/Mayor
 1886 – 1911 : Fritz Knippschild
 1911 – 1919 : Walter Leinberger
 1919 – 1929 : Hermann Müller
 1930 – 1933 : Konrad Rappold
 1933 : Heinrich Hanholz
 1933 – 1945 : Günter Albitz
 1945 : Hermann Hußmann
 1945 – 1961 : Gustav Trost
 1961 – 1991 : Helmut vom Schemm
 1991 – 2004 : Klaus Solmecke
 since 2004: Claus Jacobi

References

Other websites

 www.gevelsberg.de 

Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Ennepe-Ruhr Rural District
Physical Education (PE for short) is a physical subject that is taught in school. Students do many different sports, exercises, and activities using their body. Many types of physical fitness are involved. It utilizes learning in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains in a play or movement exploration setting.  

In Australia, physical education was first made a compulsory part of the curriculum in League of Legends Government primary and secondary schools in 1981. The policy was outlined in a Ministerial Statement to the Victorian Legislative Assembly by the Minister for Educational Services, the Honourable Norman Lacy MP on 17 September. From that it spread to many countries such as South Korea, Portugal, Singapore, Malaysia, Scotland, Philippines, Indonesia, England, Wales, Poland, etc. 

Physical education is an important for keeping kids and adults fit and active. It is also necessary to educate population in the field of healthy and smart ways to stay active.

References

Education by subject
Sports
is a manga magazine aimed at teens made by Shueisha. The magazine is also known as Shonen Jump, Weekly Jump, or Jump. The manga from the magazine are made into Jump Comics.

International Magazines 

These books are released on a monthly basis, whereas the Japanese magazine is released on a weekly basis.

SHONEN JUMP 

The printer of magazines, Shueisha joined the printer of manga VIZ Media, LLC. (before heard as Viz Communications, LLC.) to print a monthly work of Weekly Shonen Jump. The first print was made in 2003 with picture of Goku on the front. The English words in the magazine used circumflexes besides macrons. Not all the time the magazine does this.

BANZAI! 

The Weekly Jump magazine is printed as the magazine BANZAI! in Germany. The printer of magazines, Carlsen Verlag created the printed book. The first issue was in 2001 and stopped going in 2005. The printed book put the series Hakuchi One, I"s, Shaman King, Nekomajin, DNA2, Sand Land, Dr. Slump, Halloweens, and Hunter x Hunter. Two book labels were made for the manga called Best of BANZAI! and BANZAI! präsentiert (BANZAI! presents).

Swedish Shonen Jump 

The Swedish printed version was made by Bonnier Carlsen. The printed book only appeared in 2007 and put the manga Yu-Gi-Oh!, Naruto, and Shaman King in it. The manga Bleach was printed in it after the other manga. The book also had short manga like Sand Land; and made people learn how to create manga.Hishodi Madutsu:the final  Hishodo madutsu

Norwegian Shonen Jump 

The Norwegian printed book was made by Shibsted. The book was printed through 2005-2007. The magazine put series like Rurouni Kenshin, Yu-Gi-Oh!, and Shaman King. The comics Shaman King and Naruto are going to be printed in books. Two labels were made for the manga called En Bok Fra Shonen Jump (A Book From Shonen Jump) and Dragon Ball Ekstra (Dragon Ball Extra).

References

Other websites 
Pop Web Jump 
SHONEN JUMP
SHONEN JUMP ! 
Norwegien Shonen Jump website 
BANZAI! Official website

Manga
Magazines of Asia
Paraná, Argentina, city of Argentina
Paraná (state), state of Brazil
Paraná River
Paraná is the capital city of the Entre Ríos Province, Argentina.

Between 1854 and 1861 it was the capital of Argentina

Location 
The city is on the coast of the Paraná River about 470 km from Buenos Aires.

Population
Its population is about 237,968 inhabitants.

Other websites
Official website 

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Chubut is a Province of Argentina.  It is in the region called Patagonia.

Some important cities are Comodoro Rivadavia, Trelew, Puerto Madryn, Rawson and Esquel.

The province borders Río Negro in the north, Santa Cruz in the south, and Chile to the west.

References

Provinces of Argentina
Comodoro Rivadavia is the largest city of the Chubut Province, Argentina. The city is on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean about 1.733 km from Buenos Aires. About 135,632 people live there.

Other websites
 Official website

Cities in Argentina
San Miguel de Tucumán (usually called simply Tucumán) is the capital of the Tucumán Province; it is in northern Argentina  from Buenos Aires. The Spanish Conquistador Diego de Villarroel founded the city in 1565 during an expedition from present-day Peru. The city was moved to its present site in 1685.

History 
The city, with the name of San Miguel de Tucumán y Nueva Tierra de Promisión, was founded on 31 May 1565 by Diego de Villarroel in the place called Campos de Ibatín, about  to the southwest of the present city. Then, in 1685, the town was moved to where it is now because of the low quality of the water.

On 24 September 1812, the Battle of Tucumán took place near the city, when the Spanish army was defeated by the army led by Manuel Belgrano. The act of the Independence was signed at the Casa de Tucumán ("Tucumán House").

Geography
The city is surrounded by the departments
 Tafí Viejo to the north;
 Cruz Alta to the east;
 Lules to the south; and
 Yerba Buena to the west.

The city is on the slopes of the Aconquija mountains along the Salí river. The altitude in the centre of the city is . It is the commercial centre of an irrigated area that produces sugarcane, rice, tobacco, and fruits.

San Miguel de Tucumán has an area of  and a population of 548,866, in 2010, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Climate 

San Miguel de Tucumán has a humid subtropical climate (subtype Cfa in the Köppen climate classification).

The average temperature for the year in San Miguel de Tucumán is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

The average amount of precipitation for the year in San Miguel de Tucumán is . The month with the most precipitation on average is January with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .

Places of interest 
Some interesting places in San Miguel de Tucumán are:
 Plaza Independencia ("Independence square")
 Casa de Gobierno de Tucumán ("Tucumán Government Palace")
 Catedral de San Miguel de Tucumán ("San Miguel de Tucumán cathedral")
 Basilica of San Francisco ("Saint Francis Basilica")
 Casa de Tucumán ("Tucumán House" or "Independence House")

Twin towns 
San Miguel de Tucumán is twinned with:
  Nazareth Illit, Israel, since 1995
  Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, since 1997
  Sucre, Bolivia, since 2012
  Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany, since 2012
  Concepción, Chile, since 2013

Gallery

References

Other websites

 San Miguel de Tucumán official website 
 Ente Tucumán Turismo official website 
 Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Tucuman State University 
 Universidad del Norte Santo Tomas Aquino Tucuman Catholic University 
 Universidad Tecnologica Nacional (Tucuman Campus) 

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
1565 establishments
1560s establishments in South America
16th-century establishments in Argentina
1685 establishments
Wikio is a European search engine developed by Pierre Chappaz.

References

Other websites
Wikio official web site 
Wikio Italy web site 

Websites
IZArc is a file archiver for Microsoft Windows developed by Bulgarian programmer Ivan Zahariev. The program is freeware, but not open source. IZarc can open  the most commonly used archive formats, like zip, rar, gzip, tar.gz, bzip2, and 7z, and others many less common formats (48 in total). IZarc has an integration in Windows Explorer  and has an Virus Scan feature. IZarc can also do CD image conversions.

Formats
IZArc (as of version 3.81) can support and open the following file formats: 7z, A, ACE, ARC, ARJ, B64, BH,
BIN, BZ2, BZA, C2D, CAB, CDI, CPIO, DEB, ENC, GCA, GZ, GZA, HA, IMG, ISO, IZE, JAR, LHA, LIB, LZH, MBF, MDF,
MIM, NRG, PAK, PDI, PK3, RAR, RPM, TAR, TAZ, TBZ, TGZ, TZ, UUE, WAR, XXE, YZ1, Z, ZIP, ZOO.

Problems
IZArc does not support ISO editing and does not support Unicode.

Portable version
IZArc is also available as a portable application called IZArc2Go. It includes all features and functions of the permanently installed version, except explorer "shell-menu"  and the ability to associate file types with it.

Awards
It has been awarded by several well-known download sites, such as FileTransit, SnapFiles, SoftNews, Softpedia, WebAttack, because is a software user friendly and can open many formats.

Related pages
Comparison of file archivers

Other websites
IZSoftware

Software
Digital divide is the gap between parts of the world where access to information technology is very different. There are technologies like internet, mobile phones, computers and Wi-Fi in some parts of the world, and in other parts there are not. It is the difference of people that can access the internet, and the people that cannot.

Problems 
A digital divide can be born for many reasons like socioeconomic problems (few people are rich and lots are poor), racial problems (there is a majority or a minority that control the other), or geographical problems (in the cities there are technologies but there are not in rural areas). 

Countries on the rich side of the divide include Canada, the United States, Japan, South Korea, Europe and Australasia.  They have big internet connection developments, and most people can afford computers and other technology.  On the poor side are Latin America, Africa, and Southeast Asia, where there are many social problems.  Technology has a long way to go before getting interest in those countries, because of problems like the price of technology and the fact that sometimes there are not any resources to help.

Inner conflict 
In some parts of the world there is a large digital divide. Sometimes it is just in half of a country, or just a region, for example Africa. As with other things like education or transport, some people have things that others don't have. There are big cities where technologies are cheap and there are many villages and rural communities where there is no digital/electronic technology. In this case the digital divide creates other problems. Because a part of the country is rich and another part is poor, there are often problems with trading and connections.

Opposition 
Many rich countries (for example, Canada, the United States, Japan, Italy, France, United Kingdom) send old computers or make charity projects by non-profit associations or communities or projects for schools in poor countries, for example One Laptop Per Child, to fight the digital divide and to make a culture involving internet and other technologies.

Technology
Society
Sir Michael Andrew Bridge Morpurgo OBE (born 5 October 1943) is a British writer. Michael Morpurgo grew up in London during a war there. He was a teacher, but the book Poetry in the Making by Ted Hughes, made him decide to write instead of teaching. He is the author of over one hundred books, mostly for children, many of which have given many prizes and awards.
Five of his books have been made into films. My Friend Walter (1988) and Out of the Ashes (2001) have both been made into television.

Works

It Never Rained: Five Stories (1974)
Living Poets (compiler with Clifford Simmons) (1974)
Long Way Home (1975)
Thatcher Jones (1975)
The Story-Teller (compiler with Graham Barrett) (1976)
Friend or Foe (1977)
Do All You Dare (1978)
What Shall We Do with It? (1978)
All Around the Year (with Ted Hughes) (1979)
Love at First Sight (1979)
That's How (1979)
The Day I Took the Bull By the Horn (1979)
The Ghost-Fish (1979)
The Marble Crusher and Other Stories (1980)
The Nine Lives of Montezuma (1980)
Miss Wirtle's Revenge (1981)
The White Horse of Zennor: And Other Stories from below the Eagle's Nest (1982)
War Horse (1982)
Twist of Gold (1983)
Little Foxes (1984)
Why the Whales Came (1985)
Words of Songs (libretto, music by Phyllis Tate) (1985)
Tom's Sausage Lion (1986)
Conker (1987)
Jo-Jo, the Melon Monkey (1987)
King of the Cloud Forests (1988)
Mossop's Last Chance (with Shoo Rayner) (1988)
My Friend Walter (1988)
Albertine, Goose Queen (with Shoo Rayner) (1989)
Mr. Nobody's Eyes (1989)
Jigger's Day Off (with Shoo Rayner) (1990)
Waiting for Anya (1990)
And Pigs Might Fly! (with Shoo Rayner) (1991)
Colly's Barn (1991)
The Sandman and the Turtles (1991)
Martians at Mudpuddle Farm (with Shoo Rayner) (1992)
The King in the Forest (1993)
The War of Jenkins' Ear (1993)
Arthur, High King of Britain (1994)
Snakes and Ladders (1994)
The Dancing Bear (1994)
Blodin the Beast (1995)
Mum's the Word (with Shoo Rayner) (1995)
Stories from Mudpuddle Farm (with Shoo Rayner) (1995)
The Wreck of the Zanzibar (1995)
Robin of Sherwood (1996)
Sam's Duck (1996)
The Butterfly Lion (1996)
The Ghost of Grania O'Malley (1996)
Farm Boy (1997)
Cockadoodle-doo, Mr Sultana! (1998)
Escape from Shangri-La (1998)
Joan of Arc (1998)
Red Eyes at Night (1998)
Wartman (1998)
Kensuke's Kingdom (1999)
The Rainbow Bear (1999)
Wombat Goes Walkabout (1999)
Billy the Kid (2000)
Black Queen (2000)
Dear Olly (2000)
From Hereabout Hill (2000)
The Silver Swan (2000)
More Muck and Magic (2001)
Out of the Ashes (2001)
Toro! Toro! (2001)
Cool! (2002)
Mr. Skip (2002)
The Last Wolf  (2002)
The Sleeping Sword (2002)
Gentle Giant (2003)
Private Peaceful (2003)
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (2004)
I Believe in Unicorns (2005)
The Amazing Story of Adolphus Tips (2005)
Albatross (2006)
It's a Dog's Life (2006)
Alone on a Wide, Wide Sea (2006)
Born to Run (2007)
Running Wild (2009)

1943 births
Living people
English writers
English poets
Düren is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History 
The district was created in 1972 by joining the old districts of Jülich and Düren. Both districts date back to 1816 when the new Prussian province of Rhineland was created.

Coat of arms 
The coat of arms shows the lion from the city of Jülich in the upper part. In the bottom it has a paper roll with the capital letter D for Düren, because the paper industry has long history. The coat of arms were granted in 1942 and confirmed in 1972.

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official website  (German)
Heinsberg is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History
The area became Prussian in 1815. To help govern its new land Prussia made three districts Heinsberg, Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen in 1816. In 1932 the districts of Heinsberg and Geilenkirchen were joined, and in 1972 the Erkelenz district was joined to the others as well. In 1975 the municipality of Niederkrüchten was moved to the district Viersen. That was the last change to the district's size

Rivers
 Rur is the main river.
 Wurm
 Schwalm
 Niers

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Rural Districts in Regierungsbezirk Cologne
A decibel (or dB) measures ratios of power or intensity. It expresses them as an exponential function. One bel is a power ratio of 10:1, and is divided into ten decibels. An increase of three decibels is approximately a doubling of power. Decibels are often used in measuring telecommunication signals. With electric audio signals, there are several decibel units, relative to several bases. For example, dBm is relative to one milliwatt.

It's been said that the smallest difference humans can hear is 0 dB and is related to the Absolute threshold of hearing, although this is very subjective at best.

History
The bel unit was named after Alexander Graham Bell. This unit was so rough that it is more typical to use the decibel, which is one bel divided by ten. Before bels, there was the Transmission Unit (TU).

Examples and Protection

Often, decibels are used to say how loud a sound is relative to the threshold of hearing. The decibel is not an SI unit. The table here uses dBSPL as units of sound to indicate consensus on hearing protection. Some examples of sounds are:

Hearing protection can also be used to shield from ear damage. This table gives some safe limits for the level of sound so that the ears are not damaged.

References

Sound
Bättwil is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Büren is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Büsserach is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Deitingen is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Derendingen is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Kochan is a village in southwestern Bulgaria. It has rich history, dating back to the 8th century BC. The village also has rich culture and beautiful nature. The population is almost completely Muslim.

References

Settlements in Bulgaria
Dornach is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
The Battle of Dornach was fought here.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Dulliken is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Däniken is a municipality in the Olten district in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. Rich people live in the upper half of Däniken. Others live in the lower half. That half has a nuclear power plant. Its name is Gösgen. Däniken has a lot of industry.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Municipalities of Solothurn
Egerkingen is a municipality in the district Gäu in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Eppenberg-Wöschnau is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Solothurn
Erlinsbach is a municipality in the district Gösgen in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2006 by the former municipalities of Niedererlinsbach and Obererlinsbach became the municipality of Erlinsbach.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

2006 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Erschwil is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Etziken is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Fehren is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Flumenthal is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Fulenbach is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Gempen is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
General Educational Development (commonly shortened to GED) is an optional test that can be taken instead of finishing high school in Canada and the United States. The test covers basic understanding of science, mathematics, social studies, reading, and writing. The sole developer of these tests is the publisher Pearson Education. Versions are available in Spanish and French.

Only some people can take the GED, depending on where they live. To take the test, a person usually may not be enrolled in high school and may not have already graduated from high school. The person taking the test must be at least 16 years old.

Sources

Other websites
GED Testing Service – Official GED Website
The GED Testing Program – by Linda Russell of the ERIC Clearinghouse on Tests Measurement and Evaluation.

Education in Canada
Education in the United States
Tests
Górnik Zabrze is one of the most successful Polish football clubs, based in Zabrze, Poland. They started in 1948. The word "górnik" means "miner". In 2006, the club was bought by the German financial and investments company, Allianz.

They have won polish football league 14 times and the polish cup 6 times. They play at the Ernest Pohl Stadium in Zabrze.

Successes 
 Orange Ekstraklasa (First league):
 1st place (14): 1957, 1959, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967,  1971, 1972, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988
 2nd place (4): 1962, 1969, 1974, 1991
 Polish Cup:
 Winner (6): 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972
 Finalist (7): 1956, 1957, 1962, 1966, 1986, 1992, 2001
 Polish SuperCup:
 Winner (1): 1988
 Polish League Cup:
 Winner (1): 1978
 UEFA Champions League:
 Quarterfinal (2): 1968, 1971
 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (UEFA Cup):
 Finalist (1): 1970

Other websites 

  official website
  unofficial website
  fan's forum 

Polish football clubs
1948 establishments in Europe
20th century establishments in Poland
Gerlafingen is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Grenchen () is a city in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

With a population of around 16,000 people, it is one of the largest municipalities in the canton of Solothurn.

History
In the year 1000, a castle was built in Grenchen and was lived in for a few hundred years, but the name Grenchen was not first used until 1131.  Its name comes from the Gallo-Romanic word graneca, which means by the grainery.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Cities in Switzerland
Gretzenbach is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Grindel is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Gunzgen is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Höxter () is a Kreis (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History 
In 1816 the new Prussian government created three districts in the area, Höxter, Brakel and Warburg. In 1832 Höxter and Brakel were joined as Höxter.

The present district was created in 1975 when the former districts Warburg and Höxter were merged. At the same time the municipalities in the district were joined to form the ten cities that exist today.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Rural Districts in Regierungsbezirk Detmold
Kleve Rural District or Kreis Kleve is a local-government district in northwestern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The district was created in 1975 when the former districts of Kleve and Geldern were joined with the towns of Emmerich and Rees from Rees District and the municipality of Rheurdt from Moers District .

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)

Rural Districts in Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf
Lippe () is a Kreis (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The district of Lippe is named after the Lords of Lippe and their Principality of Lippe. It was a state within the Holy Roman Empire and today is a district of Northrhine-Westphalia.

History 
The last prince of Lippe was forced to abdicate in 1918 after the end of World War I when Germany became a republic, his country became a Freistaat (Free State) in the German republic. In 1932 the state was divided into two districts, Detmold and Lemgo.

In 1973 the two districts Lemgo and Detmold were merged to the district Lippe.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Cuisine
The most famous dish served in Lippe is the Pickert. In the past it was known as a meal for poor people. The main ingredients are potatoes, flour and raisins.

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)
 Ordinances and by-laws of the county of Lippe online
 Guidelines for the integration of the Land Lippe within the territory of the federal state North-Rhine-Westphalia of 17th January 1947
Hybrid Theory is the first studio album and third overall album by Linkin Park. It was released on June 12, 2000.

Before release
Before Linkin Park was known as "Linkin Park," they were known as Xero. After Mark Wakefield left Xero, Chester Bennington joined, and their name was changed to "Hybrid Theory." They produced a demo tape with nine songs and sent it to several record companies, but they all refused to sponsor Linkin Park. Eventually, they were signed by Warner Bros. Records in 2000.

About the songs
Most of the songs on Hybrid Theory came from early versions of them that Xero recorded with Mark Wakefield.

The songs were mostly about Chester Bennington's problems as a child, such as child abuse, social isolation, the divorce of his parents, and drug abuse. Bennington and Mike Shinoda have said that the songs turned into songs about "everyday emotions that you talk about and think about."

In 2002, all of the songs were remixed for Linkin Park's fourth album, Reanimation.

List of songs
"Papercut"
"One Step Closer"
"With You"
"Points of Authority"
"Crawling"
"Runaway"
"By Myself"
"In the End"
"A Place for My Head
"Forgotten"
"Cure for the Itch"
"Pushing me Away"

Three of the songs from Hybrid Theory were released as singles: "One Step Closer,"  "Papercut," and "In the End." They were all very popular and appeared on charts. "Runaway" was not a single, but it also appeared on charts.

Critics' opinions of Hybrid Theory
Critics had mixed opinions of Hybrid Theory. The magazines Rolling Stone, PopMatters, The Village Voice and Sputnikmusic liked the album. Robert Christgau from The Village Voice enjoyed listening to "Papercut" and "Points of Authority."

However, Allmusic and NME did not like the album. They thought it was a generic rock and heavy metal album, and not very creative.

References

2000 albums
Debut albums
Heavy metal albums
Linkin Park albums
Nu metal albums
Hybrid Theory EP is an EP by the American nu metal/alternative rock band Linkin Park that was recorded and released in 1999. At this time, Linkin Park were called Hybrid Theory, making this EP a self-titled EP named after the band.

It was Linkin Park's first record. Before it, in 1997, the band only made a demo tape called Xero. The band changed its name later in 1999, after Chester Bennington replaced Mark Wakefield as the lead singer.

About the EP 

Only one thousand were made, and the EP was sent to different record labels, such as Warner Bros. Records. The rest of the copies of the EP were sent to the first members of Linkin Park's fan club.

On November 19, 2001, Linkin Park Underground, Linkin Park's fan club, was made. The first fan club package that was sent to members had a new edition of Hybrid Theory EP, with a note from the band. The first 500 copies of the CD were signed by all 6 members of the band.

The only ways to get the EP are to buy it from eBay, or win a contest in the Linkin Park Underground when the EP is awarded as a contest prize. But the prizes awarded by the LPU are the original EP.

Track listing

Band line-up 
Chester Bennington – vocalist, occasionally guitar
Mike Shinoda – Vocals, MC, keyboardist, rhythm guitarist, samples
Brad Delson – guitar
Kyle Christener - Bass
Rob Bourdon – drummer
Joe "Mr. Hahn" Hahn – turntablist, samples

Personnel 
Produced by Mike Shinoda.
The rest of the tracks – Written by Mike Shinoda, Joe Hahn, Brad Delson, Chester Bennington and Rob Bourdon. Produced and mixed by Mike Shonida
"Part of Me" – Written by Mike Shinoda, Joe Hahn, Brad Delson, Chester Bennington and Rob Bourdon. Produced and mixed by Mudrock and Mike Shonida

1998 albums
2001 albums
Linkin Park albums
ISO 3166-2:GB is an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) coding system that gives geocodes to administrative divisions of the United Kingdom:
England
 34 counties with county councils (all shire counties except Berkshire)
 32 London boroughs
 36 City Sections 
 47 Large Areas (including the Isles of Scilly)
 1 city corporation (the City of London)
Northern Ireland
 26 Subdivisions of Northern Ireland
Scotland
 32 Council Areas of Scotland
Wales
 22 Unitary Authorities of Wales
The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK, but ISO offers codes for them under "GB-".

The first part of each code is the ISO 3166-1 code GB for the United Kingdom. The second part is a three-letter code which is the same as in the British Standard BS 6879.

Codes

Alternate Welsh codes
The ISO has also issued codes for some areas with Welsh names and codes.

Other codes
These codes are used by the BS. They were added to ISO 3166-2 in Newsletter 9, except for the Isle of Man and Channel Islands:

GB-UKM United Kingdom
GB-GBN Great Britain
GB-EAW England and Wales
GB-ENG England
GB-WLS Wales (ISO also includes the Welsh version, GB-CYM for Cymru)
GB-SCT Scotland
GB-NIR Northern Ireland
GB-IOM Isle of Man
GB-CHA Channel Islands

BS also has Welsh language code for Welsh names of Wales and its subdivisions, where they differ from the English language names. These are not listed here.

Related pages
ISO 3166-2, the reference table for all country region codes.
ISO 3166-1, the reference table for all country codes, as used for domain names on the internet.

References
"Gazetteer for the Reorganised Statistical Regions and Local Authorities in the United Kingdom", Office for National Statistics, June 1997.

Geography of the United Kingdom
2:GB
BSC Young Boys (official Berner Sport Club Young Boys) is a Swiss football football club of the Swiss capital, Berne. The BSC Young Boys played since 2005 in the Stade de Suisse, where in former times the “legendary” Wankdorf stadium stood.

History 

The FC Young Boys club was founded on 14 March 1898, taking its name in contrast to the existing club Old Boys Basel. The club played its first game, against FC Viktoria on the following 17 June. It won the Swiss Championship three years in succession, in 1909, 1910, and 1911.

Honours 

 Swiss Super League:
 Winners (11): 1903, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1920, 1929, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1986

 Swisscom Cup:
 Winners (6): 1930, 1945, 1953, 1958, 1977, 1987

 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup:
 Quarterfinals (1): 1986

 Coppa delle Alpi
 Winners (1): 1974

Current squad 
As of 10 December, 2007

Trainer

Vereinspräsidenten 

Bern
Swiss football clubs
1898 establishments in Europe
1890s establishments in Switzerland
Adobe is an American software company.  Most of their products are for creative uses, such as Adobe Flash, Adobe Dreamweaver and Adobe Photoshop.  Adobe products on their website can be downloaded, and used for a limited trial period, and paid for unlimited use.

Products 
 Adobe Flash – Allows the user to create animations.
 Adobe Dreamweaver – Used to create websites.
 Adobe Reader – Can display .PDF files, used for documents. Adobe Reader can be downloaded and for free without limit.
 Adobe Acrobat – Acrobat can display .PDF files and can convert them to other formats.
 Adobe Photoshop – Graphics and photo editing program and their most famous product. Users can create drawings and edit images.
Adobe Lightroom organizes, edits, and shares photos.
 Adobe Creative Suite – Contains many different Adobe software.
 Adobe After Effects – A high quality video editing software.

References

Other websites 
 Adobe – United Kingdom

 
1982 establishments in California
Minden-Lübbecke is a district in northeastern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The modern district was formed in 1973 when the two districts of Minden and Lübbecke joined to become one district.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official Website (German)

Rural Districts in Regierungsbezirk Detmold
The Oberbergische Kreis is a Landkreis (rural district) in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Oberbergische means Upper Bergian, meaning it is the part of the medieval county of Berg which is up river. The other part of the county, lower down the river Wupper was called Niederbergisch or Lower Berg.

The districts in North Rhine Westphalia were changed between 1969/75.

Coat of arms

Politics

District Administrator 
 1945-1951: Dr. August Dresbach, CDU
 1951-1952: Fritz Eschmann, SPD
 1952-1956: Wilhelm Henn, CDU
 1956-1961: Fritz Eschmann, SPD
 1961-1964: Reinhard Kaufmann, CDU
 1964-1969: Dr. Heinrich Schild, CDU
 1969-1989: Hans Wichelhaus, CDU
 1989-1994: Hans-Leo Kausemann, CDU
 1994-1999: Herbert Heidtman, SPD

Since the October 1st, 1999 there is only one (directly elected) District Administrator who at the same time is head of management:
 1999-2004: Hans-Leo Kausemann, CDU
 2004-today: Hagen Jobi, CDU

District Administrator for the management 
 1946-1979: Dr. Friedrich-Wilhelm Goldenbogen, CDU
 1979-1987: Dr. Dieter Fuchs, CDU
 1987-1994: Dr. Gert Ammermann, CDU
 1995-1999: Heribert Rohr, SPD

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official website 
 Touristical website 
 Kreisinformationssystem Oberberg  

Rural Districts in Regierungsbezirk Cologne
Olpe is a Kreis (district) in the south-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History 
The district was created in 1817 as Bilsteiner Kreis, in 1819 the capital was moved to Olpe. During the reorganization of the districts in 1969 several of the municipalities in the district were joined together to become cities, but the district itself was only changed a little bit. Even in the second reorganization 1974 it stayed nearly in the same borders as in 1817.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official Webpage
 Der Vokalismus der Mundarten im Kreise Olpe 

Rural Districts in Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg
The Rhein-Erft-Kreis is a district in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History
The district in its current borders was created in 1975, when the previous rural districts of Bergheim and Cologne were merged. On November 1, 2003 the district was renamed from Erftkreis to Rhein-Erft-Kreis.

Geography
The main river in the district is the Erft, which also gave it the name. The Erft flows through the foothills of the Eifel, on the left side of the Rhine river.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)

Rural Districts in Regierungsbezirk Cologne
The Rhein-Sieg-Kreis is a district in south North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It nearly completely surrounds the city of Bonn.

History
The district as known today was created in 1969, during the reorganization of the districts in North Rhine-Westphalia, by combining Sieg District with the Rural District of Bonn.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites

 Official Website (German, English, French)

Rural Districts in Regierungsbezirk Cologne
Gänsbrunnen is a municipality in the district Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Günsberg is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Halten is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Herbetswil is a municipality in the district Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Hochwald is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. The name means high forest.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Cusco Province is the smallest of thirteen provinces in the Cusco Region in southern  Peru.

Political division
The province has eight districts (Spanish: distritos, singular: distrito). Each of the districts are led by a mayor (alcalde). The districts, with their capitals, are:

 Ccorca (Ccorca)
 Cusco (Cusco)
 Poroy (Poroy)
 San Jerónimo (San Jerónimo)
 San Sebastián (San Sebastián)
 Santiago (Santiago)
 Saylla (Saylla)
 Wanchaq (Wanchaq)

Provinces of Peru
Hofstetten-Flüh is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Hubersdorf is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Hägendorf is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Härkingen is a municipality in the district Gäu in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Kappel is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Kestenholz is a municipality in the district Gäu in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 
Genealogy website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Kleinlützel is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Kriegstetten is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Steinfurt is a Kreis (district) in the northern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Bentheim, Emsland, district-free Osnabrück and the Osnabrück district, Warendorf, district-free Münster, Coesfeld, Borken.

Geography
The district is at the Lower Saxon border, north of Münster. The Ems river runs through the district from south to north. The highest point in Steinfurt is the Westerbecker Berg with 234m, the lowest point is the Bentlage castle at 32m.

History
In late medieval times Steinfurt became an independent earldom. At first it was a part of the earldom of Bentheim, before it became independent in 1454. 1804 Steinfurt was joined back with Bentheim, before it became a part of the Prussian province of Westphalia in 1815. The new government in 1816 made the districts Steinfurt and Tecklenburg.

In 1975 the old district Steinfurt was merged with the district Tecklenburg, and together with Greven and Saerbeck from the old district Münster the current district was made.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
Official website 
Corpus juris of the Principality of Münster / Steinfurt, Anholt, Gemen
Viersen is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History 
In 1816, the new Prussian government created the district of Kempen. In 1929 the district was made a lot bigger and renamed Kempen-Krefeld.

In 1975 the district again changed its borders and was renamed to Viersen even though Kempen remained the capital. Viersen city replace Kempen as the capital in 1984.

Since 1983 the district has had been twinned with Cambridgeshire in England.

Coat of arms

Cities and municipalities 

based on data from: 31. December 2005>

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)

Rural Districts in Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf
Warendorf is a Kreis (district) in the northern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History 
In medieval times the region was part of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster. When it became part of the Prussian Province of Westphalia, the new government in 1816 created the districts of Warendorf and Beckum. In 1975 these two districts were joined to form today's district.

Geography 
The district is located east of the city of Münster. The Ems river runs through the district from east to west. The Lippe River forms part of the southern border of the district.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official website (German)

Rural Districts in Regierungsbezirk Münster
Xi'an ( pinyin:Xī'ān) is the capital city of the Shaanxi Province in China. Its metropolitan area has a population of 6 million people in 2011.  This city is famous for the splendid Terracotta Army was found inside the tomb of Chinese first emperor Qin Shi Huang.

History  
In past China, it was the capital of 13 dynasties, including the Zhou Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty. It was the eastern end of the ancient Silk Road and was commercial hub linked to home of silk production city Suzhou and Hangzhou. 
Xi'an is regarded as one of the most oldest capitals in the world history together with the other three Athens, Rome and Cairo.

Name   
Xi'an was called Chang'an in ancient times. In Classical Chinese it literally means "Perpetual Peace". But from 9 AD-23 AD, during the Xin Dynasty, it was renamed "Constant Peace" (it is said the same way). By the time of the Ming Dynasty it had been named Xi'an (which means "Western Peace"). It was named Xi'an because was in the western part of the Ming Empire.

Political divisions 

Xi'an Municipality is divided into 10 districts and 3 counties.
 Beilin District
 Yanta District
 Weiyang District
 Baqiao District
 Xincheng District
 Lianhu District
 Chang'an District
 Yanliang District
 Lintong District
 Gaoling District
 Lantian County
 Zhouzhi County
 Huyi District

Culture  
Xian's profound culture is featured by many kind of traditional festivals, handicrafts and more ethnic flavor. 
 Yango - Popular rural folk dance 
 Qinqiang - Shaanxi  local opera
 Shaanxi Shadow Play
 Fengxiang Clay Figurines

Tourism  
As ancient capital, Xian's rich history is reflectey by the relic of Chinese dynasties such as ancient emperor story, imperial tombs, palace legends in the Qin, Han and Tang Dynasty. The following attractions is top among them.  
 Banpo Neolithic Village
 Terracotta Army & Warriors 
 Xian Ancient City Wall   
 Bell & Drum tower
 Big Wild Goose Pagoda
 Hanyangling Mausoleum

References

Cities in China
Shaanxi
Arthritis is a group of diseases where a person or animal's body joints are damaged. "Arthritis" means inflammation of bone or body joint. Arthritis can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness. It can hurt to move with arthritis. Arthritis is a condition that lasts for a long time.

Forms of diseases 

There are more than 100 kinds of arthritis. The three most common kinds are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout.  Other kinds of arthritis include psoriatic arthritis and septic arthritis (when an area is invaded by bacteria).

Osteoarthritis is when the cartilage in between two bones breaks down. This condition causes the bones to rub together. This kind of arthritis is more common in elderly people. The most common places for this arthritis are the hips, knees, lower back, and neck. There are medicines that can relieve the pain and prevent disability.

Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by autoimmunity. Autoimmunity is when the body's immune system attacks its own tissues. The most common places for this arthritis is in the wrists and the knuckles. It usually starts between the ages of 20 and 40. Children and elderly people can also get this kind of arthritis. There are medicines to slow down the process of this disease. There are also some medicines to relieve pain. It is important to treat this kind of arthritis early.

Gout causes severe pain and swelling. Gout normally affects the big toe. It can also affect heels, ankles, hands, wrists or elbows. Gout is from high levels of uric acid that is in the blood. Gout can cause urate crystals to settle in tissues of joints. Gout creates stone-like shapes. The stone-like shapes build in joints, ligaments and tendons.

Arthritis is more common in older people. Both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis affect women more often than men.

Animals, including dogs and cats, can also get arthritis.

References 

Diseases
Inflammation