cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Stephan's Quintet is in the constellation Pegasus. It is a visual grouping of five galaxies of which four are the first compact galaxy group ever discovered. The group is about 280 million light years from Earth.

The group was discovered by Édouard Stephan in 1877 at Marseille Observatory.
The group is the most studied of all the compact galaxy groups.  The brightest member of the visual grouping is NGC 7320. This has extensive H II regions, seen here as red blobs, where active star formation is occurring.

These galaxies are of interest because of their violent collisions.  Four of the five galaxies in Stephan's Quintet form a physical association, Hickson Compact Group 92. They are involved in a cosmic dance that will probably end with the galaxies merging. 

Radio observations in the early 1970s showed a mysterious emission from the inter-galactic space between the galaxies in the group. This same region also showed faint glow of ionized atomic hydrogen. You can see this in the visible part of the spectrum as the magnificent green-blue arc in the picture to the right.  Two space telescopes have recently shown something about the nature of the strange filament. It is now believed to be a giant intergalactic shock-wave (similar to a sonic boom but travelling in intergalactic gas rather than air). This is caused by one galaxy (NGC 7318B) falling into the center of the group at several million miles per hour.

The light blue galaxy NGC 7320 is a foreground galaxy, only 40 million light years from Earth.

References 

Galaxy clusters
Bloodhound SSC is a supersonic land vehicle currently in development. Its goal is to match or exceed . This would mean a new world land speed record. The pencil-shaped car is powered by a jet engine and a rocket engine. It is designed to reach . It is being developed and built with the intention of breaking the land speed record by 33% john has no dog

Runway testing of up to  is scheduled to take place in early 2015. Bloodhound SSC will then be tested on the Hakskeen Pan in South Africa. A track  long,  wide has been cleared.

References 

Rockets
Marram grass is Ammophila, a genus of grasses. They are xerophytes, which live in dry places. Marram specialises in being the first line of land plants in coastal sand dunes.

Ammophila has roots up to metres long. They find the moisture below the dry sand. These plants are used to stop sand-blow, because their roots hold the sand, and stop the wind blowing it away. 

Poales
Kimmo Samuel Timonen (born March 18, 1975) is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Nashville Predators and Philadelphia Flyers.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Timonen played parts of 7 years in the SM-liiga with KalPa, TPS, and HIFK.

He was drafted 250th overall by the Los Angeles Kings in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. He continued to play in the SM-liiga after the draft. He helped Finland win the bronze medal at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. A little while after the Olympics, the Kings traded Timonen along with Jan Vopat to the Nashville Predators (who did not begin playing yet) in agreement that the Predators would not draft Garry Galley in the 1998 NHL Expansion Draft.

Timonen would spend time between the Predators and their IHL affiliate, the Milwaukee Admirals. He was called up to the Predators during 1999-2000 season. He played the next four seasons with the Predators before the 2004–05 NHL lockout. He decided to travel back to Finland and play for KalPa during the lockout. On October 3, 2006, the Predators named Timonen the captain for the 2006–07 season.

On June 18, 2007, the Predators traded Timonen along with Scott Hartnell to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for Philadelphia's first round pick (Jonathon Blum) in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft. After he signed, he became the highest paid Finn in the NHL after he signed a six-year, $37.8 million contract extension.

Timonen and the Flyers faced the Washington Capitals in the first round of the playoffs. Philadelphia was able to win the series 4–3. In the second round of the playoffs, the Flyers played against the Montreal Canadiens and won the series 4–1. On April 30, 2008, Timonen was hit by a wrist shot at his foot by Canadiens defenseman Andrei Markov. He said that he had felt numbness in his foot but he didn't think it was anything but a twisted nerve. On May 8, 2008, a doctor at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania who looked at Timonen's foot said that he had found a small blood clot. This stopped Timonen from playing indefinitely and he missed the first four games of the Eastern Conference Finals against the rival Pittsburgh Penguins. He returned in game 5 but the Flyers lost and they were eliminated from the playoffs. On March 5, 2011, Timonen scored his 100th career goal against Ryan Miller of the Buffalo Sabres in a 5–3 loss. On August 5, 2014, Timonen was diagnosed with blood clots in his right leg and both of his lungs. He was ruled out from playing indefinitely and missed the first 62 games of the season.

On February 27, 2015, the Flyers traded Timonen to the Chicago Blackhawks in exchange for a 2015 second-round pick and 2016 fourth-round pick.

References

Other websites 

1975 births
Chicago Blackhawks players
Finnish ice hockey players
Living people
Nashville Predators players
Olympic bronze medalists
Olympic silver medalists
Philadelphia Flyers players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Swedish Hockey League players
Ice hockey defencemen
Tomas Gösta Tranströmer (15 April 1931 – 26 March 2015) was a Swedish poet, psychologist and translator. He was awarded the 1990 Neustadt International Prize for Literature and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Tranströmer was born in Stockholm. He was married to Monica Bladh and had two daughters, Emma and Paula. He had a stroke in 1990, leaving him with aphasia and without the use of his right hand.

Tranströmer died after a short illness on 26 March 2015 at his home in Stockholm, aged 83.

References

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1931 births
2015 deaths
Atheists
Disease-related deaths in Sweden
Humanists
Nobel Prize in Literature winners
Scientists from Stockholm
Swedish poets
Swedish psychologists
Socialists
Writers from Stockholm
European translators
The Gélise is a river of south-western France that flows through the Gers, Landes and Lot-et-Garonne departments, in the Occitanie and Nouvelle-Aquitaine regions. It is a left tributary of the Baïse river.

Geography
The Gélise has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 4.72 cubic metres per second at Mézin.

Course
The Gélise starts in the place known as Cahuzères in the commune of Lupiac, Gers department, at an elevation of about . It flows to the northwest and then, after Castelnau-d'Auzan, turns to the northeast.

It joins the Baïse on its left bank at Lavardac, at about  of altitude.
 
The Gélise flows through 21 communes. It passes through the following regions, departments and communes:

 Occitanie region
 Gers: Dému, Eauze, Labarrère, Ramouzens, Castillon-Debats, Castelnau-d'Auzan, Lupiac, Noulens
 Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
 Landes: Parleboscq, Escalans
 Lot-et-Garonne: Sos, Poudenas, Mézin, Barbaste, Sainte-Maure-de-Peyriac, Nérac, Lavardac, Andiran, Saint-Pé-Saint-Simon, Réaup-Lisse

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Gélise river are:
 Left tributaries
 Rimbez - 16.4 km;
 Gueyze - 17.7 km;
 Right tributaries
 Izaute - 37.5 km;
 Auzoue - 74.1 km;
 Osse - 120.2 km;

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 Banque Hydro - Station O6793310 - La Gélise à Mezin  

Rivers of France
Occitanie
Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Mi corazón es tuyo (English: My heart is yours) is a Mexican telenovela. It is produced by Juan Osorio for Televisa. It airs weeknights on El Canal de las Estrellas. The telenovela is an adaptation of the Spanish telenovela Ana y los 7. It was adapted in Mexico by Alejandro Pohlenz, Marcia del Río, and Pablo Ferrer.

Silvia Navarro and Jorge Salinas are the protagonists. Mayrín Villanueva stars as the main antagonist.

Cast

References

Other website 
 

Telenovelas by Televisa
Mexican television series
2010s television series
2014 Mexican television series debuts
2015 Mexican television series endings
Rockstar, Inc. (branded ROCKST★R) is a popular energy drink. It was created in the United States in 2001. There are over 25 different flavors of the drink. Rockstar is based in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was founded in 1998 by Russell Weiner, the son of conservative talk show host Michael Savage. The drink was produced by The Coca-Cola Company until February 2009, when PepsiCo took over.

References

Other websites
 

2001 establishments in the United States
Drinks
Mar Dinkha IV (Syriac:  and , born Dinkha Khanania; 15 September 1935 – 26 March 2015) was an Iraqi-American Syriac Christianity cleric. He was the Catholicos-Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East, headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, United States, from 1976 until his death.

Dinkha IV was born in Darbandokeh to an Assyrian family. He was baptized. He was also a priest in Tehran, Iran.

Dinkha IV died on 26 March 2015 in Rochester, Minnesota, aged 79.

References

1935 births
2015 deaths
American Christians
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Eastern Christians
Iraqi people
Patriarchs
CryptoLocker is a file encrypting ransomware. It first appeared in September 2013. It was transferred using email attachments and botnets. The ransomware encrypts most files on the computer (including connected devices), using an RSA encryption.After infection Cryptolocker scan the victim’s folder structure for files matching a set of file extensions, encrypt them and display a message window that demands a ransom in order to decrypt the files. Cryptolocker use RSA public-key cryptography.  Once it has encrypted the files, it will display a window asking for 2 bitcoin for the decryption program. It will give the user 72 hours to pay the ransom.

If the user does not pay the fee in time, the ransomware will uninstall itself and ask the user to download it again. It will then ask the user for 10 bitcoin, instead of 2. A program to decrypt (fix) files was later made available.

References

Malware
Ransomware is a type of malware. It restricts access to the computer system that it infects or the data that it stores (often using encryption techniques), and demands a ransom be paid to the creator(s) of the malware. This is in order for the restriction to be removed. Some forms of ransomware encrypt files on the system's hard disk. Others may simply lock the system and display messages intended to persuade the user to pay.

Ransomware first became popular in Russia. Now the use of ransomware scams has grown internationally. In June 2013, McAfee said it had collected over 250,000 unique samples of ransomware in the first three months of 2013. This is more than double the number of the previous year. CryptoLocker, a ransomware worm that surfaced in late-2013, had collected an estimated $3 million USD before it was taken down by authorities.

In May 2017, a piece of ransomware called WannaCry spread around the world. It lasted four days and affected over 200,000 computers in 150 countries. Only about $130,000 (USD) was ever paid in ransom, but the attack affected a lot of large companies and organizations. The United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS) was hit hard by WannaCry. Hospitals could not access their files, and so many surgeries were cancelled and patients had to be turned away. The NHS was especially at risk because it was using a version of the Windows operating system called Windows XP that Microsoft no longer supported. This meant that Microsoft had not been sending out security updates for this version of Windows, leaving it open to the WannaCry virus. Other systems were affected even though they were running newer versions of Windows, because their users had not yet installed the most recent security updates. Even though it was not designed to actually damage computers or their files, WannaCry led to a lot of wasted time and money, showing how vulnerable the world still is to ransomware attacks.

References 

Malware
Colonel Arthur Richard Cecil Butson, GC, OMM, CD and Bar (24 October 1922 – 24 March 2015) was a British-born Canadian explorer and physician. 

He then joined the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1946 during World War II. In 1947 was awarded the Albert Medal, then, with the George Cross. Later, all holders of the Albert Medal were ordered to exchange that medal for the George Cross.

Butson died at the age of 92 on 24 March 2015.

References

1922 births
2015 deaths
Canadian physicians
British physicians
Andreas Günter Lubitz (18 December 1987 – 24 March 2015) was a German pilot for the international airline Lufthansa. Marseille prosecutor Brice Robin, French and German authorities, as well as executives of Lufthansa, have issued statements that they believe that Lubitz intentionally crashed the Airbus A320 of Germanwings Flight 9525 (GWI18G & D-AIPX) into the French Alps, killing himself along with 149 others in a suicide on 24 March 2015.

Notes

References

1987 births
2015 deaths
Aviation deaths
German criminals
Murderers
People from Bavaria
Ivo Garrani (6 February 1924 – 25 March 2015) was an Italian actor. Garrani is possibly best known for his role as Prince Vajda in Mario Bava's Black Sunday (1960).

References

Other websites

1924 births
2015 deaths
Abruzzo
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Richard M. (Dick) Bond (April 23, 1921 – March 25, 2015) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served the 6th district from 1975 to 1987.

References

1921 births
2015 deaths
Politicians from Washington
US Republican Party politicians
Ṭhenphunga Sailo (January 1, 1922 – March 27, 2015) was the second Chief Minister of Mizoram, a state in northeast India. He served as a member of the Mizoram People's Conference, across two stints between 1978 to 1984. Prior to that he served as an officer in the British India Army and then the Indian Army, retiring as a brigadier.

References

1922 births
2015 deaths
Indian politicians
Civil servants
O Death — also known as O, Death, Oh Death, and Conversations with Death — is a traditional American folk song.

Country blues banjo player Moran Lee "Dock" Boggs (1898-1971) recorded the song in the late 1920s. A recording from the 1938 National Folk Festival held in Washington, D.C. is on file with the Library of Congress.  Various folk music artists included Oh, Death on a variety of musical collections throughout the 1970s and '80s.

References

Folk music
"Man of Constant Sorrow" (also known as "I Am a Man of Constant Sorrow") is a traditional American folk song first recorded by Dick Burnett, a partially blind fiddler from Kentucky.  The song was originally recorded by Burnett as "Farewell Song" printed in a Richard Burnett songbook, about 1913. 

An early version was recorded by Emry Arthur in 1928 (Vocalion Vo 5208). It became popular again when it was played in the 2000 movie O Brother, Where Art Thou?.

Folk music
Amaro Silva (c. 1957 – March 27, 2015) was a Canadian politician. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. He served on the Winnipeg City Council from 1992 to 1998.

Silva died on March 27, 2015 following a "serious illness", aged 57.

References

1957 births
2015 deaths
Canadian politicians
Civil servants
The George Washington University Hospital is the hub of a major medical center in Washington, D.C. in the United States. It is affiliated with the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences.  The current building was opened on August 23, 2002. Since 1997, The George Washington University Hospital has been jointly owned and operated by a parnership between a subsidiary of Universal Health Services and The George Washington University.

In 1981 after being shot, Ronald Reagan was taken to the hospital.

References

Other websites

Buildings and structures in Washington, D.C.
Hospitals in the United States
19th-century establishments in Washington, D.C.
Jack Higgins (born 27 July 1929) is a British writer. He is one of the best-selling authors of popular thrillers and espionage novels. His breakthrough novel The Eagle Has Landed (1975). He is also known for his books;  A Prayer for the Dying (1987), The Eagle Has Flown (1991), Thunder Point (1993), Angel of Death (1995), Flight of Eagles (1998), and Day of Reckoning (2000).

References

Other websites
 
 The Unofficial Jack Higgins Homepage
 Jack Higgins Blog 
 Author's page at HarperCollins Publishers 

1929 births
Living people
English novelists
People from Newcastle upon Tyne
Sleep deprivation is the condition of not having enough sleep. The condition affects the brain and its cognitive function. The condition can be either chronic or acute. Paradoxically, sleep deprivation can be used to treat certain disorders, such as clinical depression. Sleep deprivation has also been used as a form of torture. Multiple factors can cause or contribute to sleep deprivation including poor sleep hygiene, lifestyle choices, work obligations, sleep disorders, and other medical conditions. Sleep deficiency may be caused by other sleep disorders or medical conditions. For example, sleep apnea, a breathing disorder that induces dozens of nightly awakenings, may hinder both sleep duration and quality. Other medical or mental health problems, such as pain or general anxiety disorder, can interfere with the quality and quantity of sleep.
Generally, sleep deprivation may result in:
 aching muscles
 confusion, memory lapses or loss
 depression
 development of false memory
 hallucinations
 hand tremor
 headaches
 malaise
 stye
 periorbital puffiness, commonly known as "bags under eyes" or eye bags
 increased blood pressure
 increased stress hormone levels
 increased risk of diabetes
 increased risk of fibromyalgia
 irritability
 nystagmus (rapid involuntary rhythmic eye movement)
 obesity
 seizures
 temper tantrums in children
 yawning
 mania
 symptoms similar to:
 attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
 psychosis

Causes 
There are many reasons why a person may not get enough sleep. Examples include:

 shift work
 meeting deadlines
 a sleeping environment that is noisy or not the right temperature
 using electronic devices close to bedtime or keeping them in the bedroom
 medical problems, such as depression, sleep apnea, or chronic pain
 caring for another person during the night

Types of Sleep Deprivation 
Sleep deprivation and sleep insufficiency may be categorised in different ways depending on a person’s circumstances.

 Acute sleep deprivation refers to a short period, usually a few days or less, when a person has a significant reduction in their sleep time.
 Chronic sleep deprivation, also known as insufficient sleep syndrome, is defined by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine as curtailed sleep that persists for three months or longer.
 Chronic sleep deficiency or insufficient sleep can describe ongoing sleep deprivation as well as poor sleep that occurs because of sleep fragmentation or other disruptions.

References

Sleep disorders
Both perception ("experiencing") and remembering are processes which involve the brain. For this reason, errors do sometimes occur. Errors in perception are commonly called illusions. Emil Kraepelin used the term "Erinnerungsverfälschung" (memory falsification) to speak about false memories.

Perceptions need stimuli to be created. A perception without a stimulus is called hallucination. Much like the difference between illusion and hallucination, Kraepelin wanted to distinguish between a false memory and memories of something that did not really happen, which he called "Erinnerkungsfälschung". Unfortunately, both German terms translate to the same English term.

A false memory is a condition where a person remembers something that did not occur or where the memory does not closely match the occurrence.

Remembering events that did not occur 
Using suggestion and hypnosis, it is possible to make people believe they experienced something, when they did not. Such phenomena also occur spontaneously, for example in a stressful situation, or when someone is not sleeping enough.

Lost in the mall 
To prove the existence of false memories, an experiment was conducted: People were given small stories of supposed relatives who told how these people were lost in a shopping mall, at age five or six, and how they had to be "rescued" by an adult. The experiment was done with 24 people. Afterwards, six people said that they remembered the event, even though it had never happened.

Mandela effect 
False memories can sometimes be shared by multiple people. This is sometimes called the Mandela effect. Examples include memories of the Berenstain Bears' name being spelled Berenstein, and of the existence of a 1990s movie entitled Shazaam starring comedian Sinbad as a genie.

The effect is named after South African anti-Apartheid leader Nelson Mandela after people believed he died in prison in the 1980s (he actually died in 2013, after having served as President of South Africa from 1994-99), which she claimed was shared by "perhaps thousands" of other people.

Legal implications 
Sometimes, people are accused of a crime, and often part of the evidence consists of facts other people remember. It is a problem to convict someone of a crime, based only on such evidence. In the case of sexual abuse or of child abuse these memories will usually be bad ones, and the brain will have changed them, as a measure of protection. Before a conviction is done, the court needs to make sure that the conviction does not happen based on the recollection of only one person, as recovering the "facts" behind the memories can be difficult.

Other websites

References

Symptoms
"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" is a song by Canadian rock singer Bryan Adams. The song was released on June 18, 1991. It was the first single on his sixth studio album Waking Up the Neighbours. It is also featured on the soundtrack for the 1991 movie Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves.

The song was able to peak at #1 on many different music charts. It sold more than 15 million copies worldwide and is Adams' most successful song. It is one of the best-selling singles of all time.

In 1992, the song won a Grammy Award in the category of Grammy Award for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television. It was also nominated in the categories of Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male. The song was also nominated for an Academy Award in the category of Best Song.

References

Other websites 
 

1991 songs
Bryan Adams songs
Grammy Award winning songs
Rock ballads
Vaginal discharge  is the fluid coming out of the vagina. It can be clear or different colors, white, yellow or green. It can be different thicknesses.
Most of the time clear discharge is normal. Clear discharge is part of the menstrual cycle.  Some discharge can be from an infection, sickness or disease. The discharge from a yeast infection (Candiditis) is white and thick with lumps. Discharge can be a result of an infection that you get while having sex, sexually transmitted disease.
The term blennorrhea is often used to designate mucus discharge from the urethra or vagina. Discharge from an infection called bacterial vaginosis has a 'fishy' smell.

More information
The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007 while blennorrhagia designates an excess of such discharge, often specifically referring to that seen in gonorrhea.

References

Sexually transmitted diseases
Diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system
Tim Omaji (born 9 September 1987), also known by his former stage name Timomatic, is an Australian singer-songwriter and dancer. He is best known for his single "Set It Off". He was a contestant on So You Think You Can Dance Australia in 2009, finishing seventh in the competition. He also appeared as a contestant on Australia's Got Talent and placed third in the competition. Later that year, he signed with Sony Music Australia.

Omaji was born in Nigeria. He moved to Australia when he was ten months old. He lived in many places all over the nation before settling in Canberra.

References

Other websites

 
 

1987 births
Living people
Australian musicians
Australian pop singers
Australian singer-songwriters
Dancers
Nigerian people
People from Canberra
R&B musicians
Reality television participants
Josephine "Joe" Obiajulu Okei-Odumakin is a Nigerian women's rights activist. She is the president of the rights groups Women Arise for Change Initiative and the Campaign for Democracy.

Life

Odumakin was born in Zaria, Kaduna on 4 July 1966.  She grew up in a Roman Catholic household.

Work 

In 1987, Odumakin received a bachelor's degree in English Education.  Then she received a master's degree in Guidance and Counseling and a doctorate in History and Policy of Education from the University of Ilorin. She was arrested often for her activism, especially during the military rule of Ibrahim Babangida.  She met her future husband, Yinka Odumakin, in prison.

Awards 

 In 2013, Odumakin received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

References

Other websites 

 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Living people
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
1966 births
Nigerian people
Human rights activists
Elena Milashina (Russian: Елена Милашина, born 28 October 1978) is a Russian investigative journalist for Novaya Gazeta.  In October 2009, Milashina received Human Rights Watch's Alison Des Forges Award for Extraordinary Activism. 

In 2006, Milashina's colleague Anna Politkovskaya was assassinated in Moscow. Milashina continues the investigations.  

In the early morning of April 5, 2012, two unidentified people attacked Milashina and her friend Ella Asoyan in the Balashika neighborhood of Moscow.

In 2013, Elena Milashina received an International Women of Courage Award.

Related pages
 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

References

Other websites

Milashina Speaks Out on Alarming Rise in Murders, Threats Against Critics of Government Abuses in North Caucasus - video report by Democracy Now!

1978 births
Living people
Russian journalists
Russian crime victims
Russian writers
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Free Media Award winners
Fartuun Abdisalaan Adan (, ) is a Somali social activist.

Life 

Fartuun grew up in Somalia. She married Elman Ali Ahmed, a local entrepreneur and peace activist. The couple had four daughters.

In 1996, during the high point of the Somali Civil War, Fartuun's husband was killed near the family's home in southern Mogadishu. After her husband died, Fartuun emigrated to Canada in 1999.

In 2007, Fartuun returned to Somalia. She became an advocate for peace and human rights.

Work 

The center is a NGO based in Mogadishu. Fartuun established the center in honor of her late husband. Fartuun is the organization's Executive Director. Fartuun's daughter Ilwad works with her.

Through the center, Fartuun also co-founded Sister Somalia, the country's first program to help victims of sexual violence.

Awards 

In 2013, Adan received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

In 2014, she also received an award from the government of Germany for her work with the Elman Peace and Human Rights Centre.

References

Other websites 

 Sister Somalia
 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
 Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Living people
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Somali people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Activists
An administrative centre is sometimes used in several countries to refer to a county town, or other seat of regional/local government, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.

Related pages
Chef-lieu, administrative centres in Algeria, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Switzerland, and Tunisia.
County seat, administrative centres in the United States.
County town, administrative centres in Ireland and the United Kingdom.

Government
Regions
The Quarter Pounder is a hamburger product sold by international fast food chain McDonald's.. Until 2015, the weight of the patty was four ounces (a quarter of a pound) (113.4 grams). Since 2015, the weight of a patty has been 4.25 ounces (120 grams). The Quarter Pounder has two buns, two slices of American cheese, pickles and onions, as well as ketchup and mustard. The Quarter Pounder was created by Al Bernardin, a franchise owner, in Fremont, California, in 1971.

Other websites
 Quarter Pounder at mcdonalds.com

McDonald's
American food
Sandwiches
Princess Leonore, Duchess of Gotland (Leonore Lilian Maria; born 20 February 2014), is the first child of Princess Madeleine of Sweden and Christopher O'Neill. She is the youngest member of the Swedish Royal Family. She is eighth in the line of succession to the Swedish throne. She was christened on 8 June 2014.

References

2014 births
Swedish royalty
Living people
People from Manhattan
Christopher Paul O'Neill (born 27 June 1974), is a British-American businessperson and the husband of Princess Madeleine of Sweden. He is the father of Princess Leonore, Duchess of Gotland, Prince Nicolas, Duke of Ångermanland and Princess Adrienne.

References

1974 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Boston, Massachusetts
Businesspeople from London
The Eurovision Song Contest 2015 was the 60th edition of the contest and took place in Vienna, Austria, after Conchita Wurst won for Austria in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2014.

A total of 40 countries participated in that year, while Australia participated for the first time ever as a special-guest due the 60th anniversery.

Ukraine quit because of politics, while Cyprus, Czech Republic and Serbia returned to the contest.

First Semi-Final 
The first semi-final took place on Tuesday, the 19th May 2015. 16 countries participated and 10 qualified for the final (fed marked).

The "Big-Five" members Austria, France and Spain voted in this semi-final.

Televoting and Jury results of Semi-Final 1

Second Semi-Final 
The second semi-final took place on Thursday, the 21th May 2015. 17 countries participated and 10 qualified for the final, shown in bold.

The "Big-Five" members Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom voted in this semi-final.

Grand Final 
The Grand Final took place on Saturday, the 23th May 2015. Sweden won with 365 points, while Austria and Germany finished both last with zero points.

2015 in music
2015
Vienna
Tandem repeats occur in DNA when a pattern of nucleotides is repeated. The repeats sit next to each other, in tandem. These are multiple copies of the same base-pair sequence lying end-to-end. 

An example would be:   ATTCG ATTCG ATTCG   in which the sequence ATTCG is repeated three times.

Terminology 
If between 10 and 60 nucleotides are repeated, it is called a minisatellite. Those with fewer are known as microsatellites or 'short tandem repeats'.

When exactly two nucleotides are repeated, it is called a dinucleotide repeat (for example: ACACACAC…).

When three nucleotides are repeated, it is called a trinucleotide repeat (for example: CAGCAGCAGCAG…). Abnormalities in such regions can give rise to trinucleotide repeat disorders.

The repeat unit copy number may be variable. This is a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR).

Uses 
A tandem repeat pattern helps determine an individual's inherited traits. Tandem repeats can be very useful in determining parentage. Short tandem repeats are used for certain genealogical DNA tests.

In genetic fingerprinting and DNA profiling, DNA is examined from tandem repeats in the chromosomal DNA.

Reference 

DNA
Dusty the Klepto Kitty is a famous Snowshoe cat. He became popular in early 2011 for his acts of "burglary" in his neighborhood.

By then, Dusty had stolen 16 car wash mitts, 7 sponges, 213 dish towels, 7 wash cloths, 5 bath towels, 18 shoes, 73 socks, 100 gloves, 1 pair of mittens, 3 aprons, 40 balls, 4 pairs of underwear, 1 dog collar, 6 rubber toys, 1 blanket, 3 leg warmers, 2 Frisbees, 1 golf club cover, 1 safety mask, 2 mesh bags, 1 bag of water balloons, 1 pair of pajama pants, 8 swimsuits, and 8 other objects. 

His behavior got him an appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman in February 2011. 

He got the nickname "Klepto Kitty"" because of the word Kleptomania.  He had already taken more than 600 items from the gardens he roams around in. Most of his theft happens at night. The most he has brought home at once is eleven things, his owners say. He has even been caught on camera carrying home a bra.

Early years 
Dusty was born on March 20, 2006. He lives in San Mateo, California.  He was adopted from an animal shelter; the Peninsula Humane Society. His owners are Jean Chu and Jim Coleman.

For his first two years, Dusty stayed home and seemed to be a normal cat. But in 2008, his owners began to find items and clothes that did not belong to them showing up in the house. Sometimes, the cat would put them in his owner's bed. They began to suspect that their cat was bringing them home. This turned out to be very true.

Fame 
Dusty didn't really get much attention outside of his neighborhood until February 2011. Animal Planet had read about him in People magazine. Animal Planet had a TV show named Must Love Cats and they made a feature about Dusty.  Their crew was able to set up a night vision camera and catch Dusty bringing home his treasures. After this, there was a news story on KGO TV station in San Francisco .  He began to be seen in YouTube videos and got famous on the internet. He was interviewed with his owners on the Late Show with David Letterman on February 22, 2011.

Other events 
After he was seen on Letterman's show and other news shows around the world, Dusty became a celebrity.  He has been shown at many community events in the San Francisco Bay Area. He was the Grand Marshal of the Redwood City Pet Parade in May 2011. 

Because Dusty was adopted from the Peninsula Humane Society animal shelter, he made a celebrity appearance at their annual adopt-a-thon in June, 2011. Some of his unclaimed stolen items were shown.  They were given away to people who gave a donation.

Some of the kitty-cam movie for the Animal Planet documentary was used as a bonus feature on the DVD release for the 2011 movie Puss in Boots.  It is named "Klepto Kitty". It is about three minutes and a half minutes long.

He has a Facebook page for his fans. It shows pictures of the latest things that Dusty brings home.

References

Other websites 
 Official Facebook page
 Klepto Feline Gives New Meaning to 'Cat' Burglar. ABC News (San Francisco).
 "Klepto Cat" to Make Celebrity Appearance. ABC News (San Francisco).
 The Klepto Kitty | Must Love Cats

Internet celebrities
Individual cats
Bud, Not Buddy is a children's novel written by Christopher Paul Curtis. It is set in Michigan in 1936. It was published in 1999. The book won the Newbery Medal in 2000, for excellence in American children's literature.

References 

1999 books
20th-century American novels
Children's books
Fiction set in the past
Michigan in fiction
Newbery Medal winning books
Yusuf Mohamed Ismail (, ‎; 11 September 1960 – 27 March 2015), also known as Bari-Bari, was a Somali politician and diplomat. He joined diplomatic services in 2007. At the time of his death, he was the Ambassador to Switzerland and the Permanent Representative to the United Nations in Geneva since 4 April 2008.

Ismail was born in Bologna, Italy to an aristocratic Somali Muslim family. He studied at the University of Bologna. He was married and had children.

On 27 March 2015, Ismail was injured in an attack by al-Shabaab militants at the Makka al-Mukarama hotel in Mogadishu while attending a conference. He later died from his injuries in hospital, aged 54. He was buried in Garoowe, Puntland on 29 March.

References

Other websites
 Official webpage at somaligov.net 

1960 births
2015 deaths
Ambassadors of Somalia
Ambassadors to the United Nations
Murders by firearm
Muslims
People from Bologna
Somali politicians
Nguyễn Thị Thiên Thanh (born October 24, 1981), better known by her stage names Tila Tequila, Tila Nguyen, Miss Tila and Tornado Thien. She was born in Singapore. She moved with her family at an young age to Houston, Texas. She is perhaps best known for her reality series A Shot at Love with Tila Tequila on MTV.

References

1981 births
Living people
Actors from Houston, Texas
Bloggers
Models from Houston, Texas
Singaporean singers
Singer-songwriters from Texas
Singers from Houston, Texas
Television personalities from Texas
American bloggers
The String Quartet No. 14 in C minor, Opus 131, is a string quartet by Ludwig van Beethoven. He wrote it between November 1825 and July 1826. It was published in Mainz, Germany in April 1827 (after Beethoven's death) with a dedication to Baron Joseph von Stutterheim.

The work consists of seven movements played without a break:

Adagio ma non troppo e molto espressivo
Allegro molto vivace
Allegro moderato
Andante ma non troppo e molto cantabile
Presto
Adagio quasi un poco andante
Allegro
It is about 40 minutes in length.

References 

String quartets
Compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven
Mainz
Åsa Elisabeth Romson (born 22 March 1972) is Swedish politician. On 3 October 2014, she became the Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden and Minister for the Environment.

References

1972 births
Living people
Government ministers of Sweden
Greens politicians
Per Gustav Edvard Fridolin (born 10 May 1983) is a Swedish politician. On 3 October 2014, he became the Minister of Education in Sweden under Stefan Löfven.

References

Living people
1983 births
Government ministers of Sweden
Greens politicians
Alice Bah Kuhnke (born Alice Bah 21 December 1971) is a Swedish politician and television presenter. In October 2014, she became the Minister of Culture and Democracy in Sweden under Stefan Löfven. She joined the Green Party three days before being appointed.

Bah Kuhnke presented the Mickey Mouse Club during the early 1990s on SVT. She had her own talk show on TV4 called Alice Bah between 1998 and 1999.

References

Living people
1971 births
Government ministers of Sweden
Greens politicians
Swedish television presenters
Complete Genomics (CG) is an American biotech company. They wikt:analyse DNA as a commercial service. CG has created commercial a DNA sequencing platform for human genome. The company was founded in 2006. It is based in Mountain View, California

In March 2013, Complete Genomics was bought by BGI-Shenzhen. It is the world’s largest genomics services company. BGI is a 4,000-person company in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. It provides sequencing and bioinformatics services for commercial science, medical, agricultural, and environmental uses.

In February 2009, Complete Genomics said that it had sequenced its first human genome. They gave the results to the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. In November 2009, CG published sequence data for three human genomes in the journal 
Science. By the end of 2009, CG had sequenced 50 human genomes. By 2015, the company has sequenced more than 20,000 genomes.

In 2014, CC worked with Radboud University (The Netherlands), Maastricht University Medical Centre (The Netherlands) and Central South University (China) to identify a major causes of intellectual disability.

References 

Companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
DNA
Biotechnology companies of the United States
2006 establishments in the United States
Daundre Barnaby (December 9, 1990 – March 27, 2015) was a Canadian track runner in the 400m. He competed for the Mississippi State Bulldogs and ran for Canada at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, finishing 6th in his heat in the 400m.

Barnaby disappeared on March 27, 2015 while swimming in the ocean at a training camp in Saint Kitts, and was declared dead later that same day.

References

1990 births
2015 deaths
Canadian sportspeople
Jamaican people
Deaths by drowning
B.J. Crosby (November 23, 1952 – March 27, 2015) was an American jazz vocalist, singer, and actress. In 1995, Crosby received a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical nomination for her performance in the musical, Smokey Joe's Cafe. Her role in Smokey Joe's Cafe included solo parts in the songs "Hound Dog" and "Fools Fall in Love." Crosby was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Crosby died in New Orleans, Louisiana from a diabetic stroke, aged 62.

References

Other websites

1952 births
2015 deaths
Actors from New Orleans, Louisiana
American jazz musicians
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from diabetes
Deaths from stroke
Disease-related deaths in Louisiana
Musicians from New Orleans, Louisiana
Singers from New Orleans, Louisiana
Helmut Dietl (22 June 1944 – 30 March 2015) was a German movie director and author. He was born in Bad Wiessee, but raised in Munich, Germany. He was known for directing the popular television series Monaco Franze – Der ewige Stenz.

Death
Dietl died of lung cancer in Munich, Germany, aged 70.

Awards
1996 Bavarian Film Awards, Best Director
2013 Deutscher Filmpreis, lifetime achievement award
2014 Bambi Award, lifetime achievement award

References

Other websites

1944 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in Germany
Deaths from lung cancer
Disease-related deaths in Bavaria
German movie directors
German movie producers
German screenwriters
People from Munich
Television directors
Television writers
Writers from Bavaria
Santa Barbara County is a county in the U.S. state of California. It is in the southern part of the state. The county seat is Santa Barbara. At the 2010 United States census, 423,895 people lived in the county.

References

 
1850 establishments in California
Marilyn Horne (born January 16, 1934) is an American opera singer. She is a mezzo-soprano. She has won four Grammy Awards.

She was born in Bradford, Pennsylvania. She grew up in Long Beach, California.

References

1934 births
Living people
American opera singers
Grammy Award winners
People from Long Beach, California
Singers from Los Angeles County, California
Singers from Pennsylvania
The greater prairie chicken (Tympanuchus cupido), also known as a boomer, is a large bird in the grouse family. They come from North America. There used to be many of them. Because of habitat destruction, there are few left in some parts of its range. In other parts, there are none at all. People are trying to save the ones that are left.

Adults of both sexes are medium to large birds. They are similar to chickens. They have round wings and short tails.

References

Other websites

Birds of the United States
Domesticated animals
The National Review is a semi-monthly political magazine. It was founded by author William F. Buckley, Jr. in 1955. The magazine is based in New York City. It contains conservative news and opinion and is often considered the main journal of conservative opinion and ideas. The magazine has had a big role in the Conservative movement and has helped promote many ideas used by conservative politicians. The current editors of the National Review are Jonah Goldberg and Rich Lowry.

American magazines
1955 establishments in the United States
Conservatism
1950s establishments in New York (state)
The optic tectum is a major part of the midbrain of vertebrates. In vertebrates such as fish, reptiles and birds, it is the main visual processor of the brain. 

In mammals, however, most of the work is done in the visual cortex. This is at the back of the cerebral cortex. The tectum does preliminary visual processing, and controls eye movement. When human anatomy textbooks use the term superior colliculus they are referring to the tectum. The diagram is based on human anatomy.

Mechanism 
Each layer of the tectum contains a topographic map of the surrounding world. If neurons at a point in the map fire, it starts a response towards the corresponding point in space. In primates, the tectum ("superior colliculus") directs eye movements. Visual input from the retina, or "command" input from the cerebral cortex, create a "bump" of activity in the tectal map. If strong enough, this causes an eye movement.  

In primates, the tectum is also involved in generating head turns, arm-reaching movements, and shifts in attention which do not involve any movements. In other species, the tectum is involved in a wide range of responses, including whole-body turns in walking rats, swimming fishes, or flying birds; tongue-strikes toward prey in frogs; fang-strikes in snakes, etc.

In some non-mammal species, including fish and birds, the tectum is one of the largest components of the brain. In mammals, and especially primates, the massive expansion of the cerebral cortex reduces the tectum ("superior colliculus") to a much smaller fraction of the whole brain. It still is the main integrating centre for eye movements.

References 

Vision
Anatomy of the brain
The trogons and quetzals are birds in the order Trogoniformes which has only one family, the Trogonidae. There are 39 living species in seven genera.

The fossil record of the trogons dates back 49 million years to the mid-Eocene. The word "trogon" is Greek for "nibbling" and refers to the fact that these birds gnaw holes in trees to make their nests.

Trogons are residents of tropical forests worldwide. The greatest diversity is in the Neotropics, where four genera, with 24 species occur. The genus Apaloderma has the three African species. The genera Harpactes and Apalharpactes, with twelve species, live in southeast Asia.

They feed on insects and fruit. Their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they do not fly long distances. Trogons are generally not migratory. They have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. They are the only type of animal with a heterodactyl toe arrangement. They nest in holes dug into trees or termite nests, laying 2–4 white or pastel-coloured eggs.

References 

Birds
Lawrence "Larry" Page (born March 26, 1973) is an American computer scientist. He is a cofounder, along with Sergey Brin, and chief executive officer of Google. He was born in East Lansing, Michigan.

References

Businesspeople from Michigan
American computer scientists
American chief executives
1973 births
Living people
American company founders
Måns Petter Albert Sahlén Zelmerlöw (born 13 June 1986) is a Swedish singer. He participated in the talent singing competition Idol 2005. He won Let's Dance 2006, both broadcasted on TV4. He won Melodifestivalen 2015. He represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 in Vienna, Austria. In the Eurovision final Zelmerlöw won with 365 pointsahead of Russia and Italy. He will host the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 to be held in Stockholm along with Petra Mede.

References

1986 births
Living people
Swedish singers
Reality television participants
Eurovision Song Contest presenters
Eurovision Song Contest winners
Alice Kristina Ingrid Gernandt (born 23 July 1982 in Stockholm), better known by her stage name Ace Wilder, is a Swedish singer and songwriter. She best known for taking part in Melodifestivalen 2014 were she placed second behind Sanna Nielsen.

References

Living people
1982 births
Singers from Stockholm
Songwriters
Writers from Stockholm
Lisa Jane Vanderpump (born 15 September 1960) is a British restaurant owner and television personality. She is perhaps best known for her appearance in the Bravo channel series The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills and Vanderpump Rules. She was also a celebrity dancer on the 16th season of Dancing with the Stars.

References

Living people
1960 births
Participants in American reality television series
Restaurateurs
Television personalities from London