cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Barak Valley (Bengali: বরাক উপত্যকা) (also South Assam) is located in the southern region of the Indian state of Assam. The main city of the valley is Silchar. The region is named after the Barak river. The Barak valley mainly consists of three administrative districts of Assam State - namely Cachar, Karimganj, and Hailakandi. Among these three states, Cachar and Hailakandi belonged to the erstwhile Cachar district in British-India, whereas Karimganj belonged to the Sylhet district . Karimganj was separated from Sylhet after the 1947 referendem; with the rest of Sylhet falling under East Pakistan and Karimganj under India.

Etymology 
The name "Barak" has derived from the Dimasa words 'Bra' & 'Kro'. Bra means bifurcation and Kro upper portion/stream. The river Barak is bifurcated near Haritikar in the Karimganj district in to Surma River and Kushiyara River. The upstream of this bifurcated river was called Brakro by the local Dimasa people. Over the years, Brakro got converted in to Barak.

Demography 

Barak valley had a population of 4,377,612 as per as 2021 census. Hinduism have gone-down from 50% in 2011 to 47% in 2021 due to low fertility rate and large scale immigration of the community from the Valley to others parts of the region in search of jobs and livelihood. The number of Hindu immigrants from Bangladesh into Barak Valley has varied estimates from year 1971-2014. According to the Assam government, (1.3-1.5) lakhs such people residing in the Barak Valley are eligible for citizenship if the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 becomes a law. Islam is the fastest growing religion in Barak valley, As per as  2011 census, Muslims were 48.1% in the valley and in 2021 census it have gone up to 51% due to high fertility rate and lower immigration of the community to others regions/parts of the country.
Christian missionaries have active in Barak region since from the time of independence. As a result of Christian missionaries, Christianity is rapidly growing among the tribals and poor section of Muslim and Hindu society of the valley since from the past 2 decades. In 2011, Barak valley had 57.9 thousand christians but in the year of 2021, it have grown to almost 74.4 thousands approximately due to high rate of conversion from various church denomination missionaries from the valley.

References

Assam
Valleys
Geography of India
The Ottawa Senators are a team in the National Hockey League that has played since 1992. 

Ottawa Senators can also refer to:

 Ottawa Senators (CWHL) - current CWHL team
 Ottawa Jr. Senators - junior-level team, founded in 1980.
 Ottawa Senators (original) - History of Ottawa Hockey Club, senior-level team which played from 1883, and operated as the NHL Senators until 1934. (1883–1954).
 Ottawa Senators (senior hockey) - Second phase of Ottawa Hockey Club, senior-level amateur/semi-pro team, which won the Allan Cup in 1949. (1934–1954)
 Ottawa Senators (FHL) - professional team which played in 1908–09.
 Ottawa Senators (baseball) - a minor league baseball team that operated at various times between 1912 and 1949.

Since Ottawa is also the seat of the federal government of Canada, it can also refer to the members
of the House of the Senate:

 Canadian Senate - the upper house of the Parliament of Canada

It may also refer to:

 Ottawa Rough Riders - a Canadian football team that played under the name "Ottawa Senators" between 1925-1930.
The Ottawa Lady Senators are a women's ice hockey team, that are from Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. They played in the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL) until 2010. The team began playing in 1988. The team was then known as the National Capital Raiders. In 1989 the team changed its name to Ottawa Raiders. In 2007 the team again changed its name to the Ottawa Capital Canucks. The team changed its name to the Ottawa Senators in 2008. The current coach of the team is Brad Marsh. He used to play for the Ottawa Senators in the National Hockey League (NHL).

Other websites
Official website

1988 establishments in Canada
Ice hockey teams in Ontario
Ottawa
Kiki Farrel (born in Jakarta, Indonesia, May 26, 1986) is an actor from Indonesia. He began his career by being extras in a number of sitcoms, increasingly uphill career by participating in the event Supermama Selebconcert with her mother, Mama Dahlia. After following Supermama Selebconcert, she starred in the soap opera Cinta Kirana.

Personal life
Kiki Farrel was rumored to have a relationship with some of the women and the last relates to Natha Narita. Kiki Farrel was also hit by news skewed to the issue of the release of his gay porn video entitled The Series Hot Kiki Farel which lasted about three minutes. Kiki Farrel denied that it was not him who is in the video and did not know anything about the distribution of the videos.

Filmography

TV series
 Love
 Cinderella (Apakah Cinta Hanyalah Mimpi?)
 Cinta
 Cinta Kirana
 Cinta Intan
 Andra Cari Cinta
 Terlanjur Cinta

References

1986 births
Living people
Indonesian actors
Actors from Jakarta
Lionel Charles Jeffries (June 10, 1926 – February 19, 2010) was an English actor, screenwriter, and director who is known for his roles in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, Camelot, The Railway Children, The Amazing Mr Bluden, First Men in the Moon, Two-Way Stretch, and The Trails of Oscar Wilde.

Early life and education 
Jeffries was born on June 10, 1926 in Forest Hill, London, England. He studied at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School. He was married to Eileen Mary Walsh from 1951 until his death in 2010. They had three children.

Death 
Jeffries died on February 19, 2010 in Poole, Dorset, England from vascular dementia, aged 83.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Lionel Jeffries - Daily Telegraph obituary
 Lionel Jeffries - Times obituary

1926 births
2010 deaths
Actors from London
Deaths from vascular dementia
Disease-related deaths in England
English movie actors
English radio actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Movie directors from London
Screenwriters from London
Writers from London
Russell "Russ" B. Mayberry (December 22, 1925 – July 27, 2012) was a Scottish-American television director who directed Dallas, Matlock, Star Trek: The Next Generation, I Dream of Jeannie, and Kojak.

Mayberry was born on December 22, 1925 in Glasgow, Scotland. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Northwestern University. Mayberry was married to Sandy Mayberry until his death in 2012. They had two children. Mayberry died on July 27, 2012 in Fort Collins, Colorado from an illness, aged 86.

References

Other websites

1925 births
2012 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American television directors
People from Glasgow
Businesspeople from Chicago
Regina Taylor (who was born August 22, 1960 in Dallas) is an American movie actress who starred in many movies. She starred in Courage under Fire with Denzel Washington.

American movie actors
Actors from Texas
1960 births
Living people
Christine Joan Taylor (born July 30, 1971 in Allentown, Pennsylvania) is an American actress and comedian. She played the character Marcia in The Brady Bunch Movie and A Very Brady Sequel. She also starred in Party Girl, a television program based on the 1995 comedy of the same name.

Taylor dated actor Matthew Lillard in 1995.

Taylor married actor Ben Stiller in 2000.

References

Actors from Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American television actors
1971 births
Living people
People from Allentown, Pennsylvania
Iced Earth is an American heavy metal band from Tampa, Florida.

The band was formed under the name Purgatory on January 20, 1985 by guitarist Jon Schaffer. The band later changed their name to Iced Earth. Since the band was created, they have had many different line-up changes with over twenty musicians joining and leaving Iced Earth.

They released their debut album, Iced Earth, in November 1990 in Europe and in February 1991 in North America. They are currently signed to Century Media Records.

Band members 

Current
Jon Schaffer - rhythm and lead guitars, backing vocals (1985–present)
Brent Smedley - drums (1996–1997, 1998–1999, 2006–present)
Jake Dreyer - lead guitar (2016–present)
Stu Block - lead vocals (2011–present)
Luke Appleton - bass guitar, backing vocals (2012–present)

Former
Richard Bateman - bass (1985-1986)
Bill Owen - lead guitar (1985-1987)
Greg Seymour - drums (1985-1989)
Gene Adam - lead vocals (1985-1991)
Dave Abell - bass (1987-1996)
Randall Shawver - lead guitar (1988-1998)
Mike McGill - drums (1989-1991)
John Greely - lead vocals (1991-1992)
Rick Secchiari - drums (1991-1992)
Rodney Beasley - drums (1992-1995)
Matt Barlow - lead vocals (1994-2003, 2007-2011)
Mark Prator - drums (1995-1996, 1998)
James MacDonough - bass (1996–2000, 2001–2004)
Larry Tarnowski - lead guitar (1998–2003)
Steve DiGiorgio - bass (2000–2001)
Richard Christy - drums (2000–2004)
Ralph Santolla - lead guitar (2003–2004)
Tim "Ripper" Owens - lead vocals (2003–2007)
Bobby Jarzombek - drums (2004-2006)
Ernie Carletti - lead guitar (2006)
James "Bo" Wallace - bass (2006-2007)
Tim Mills - lead guitar (2006–2007)
Dennis Hayes - bass (2007)
Freddie Vidales - bass (2008-2012)
Troy Seele - lead guitar (2007-2016)

Discography

Albums
Iced Earth (1990, Europe) (1991, North America)
Night of the Stormrider (1991, Europe) (1992, North America)
Burnt Offerings (1995)
The Dark Saga (1996)
Something Wicked This Way Comes (1998)
Horror Show (2001)
The Glorious Burden (2004)
Framing Armageddon (2007)
The Crucible of Man (2008)
Dystopia (2011)
Plagues of Babylon (2014)
Incorruptible (2017)
A Narrative Soundscape (2022)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1980s American music groups
1980s establishments in Florida
1985 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
Musical groups established in 1985
Musical groups from Florida
Power metal bands
Progressive metal bands
Tampa, Florida
Thrash metal bands
Holly Elizabeth Robinson Peete (born September 18, 1964) is an American actress. She has acted in many television sitcoms. These include the 1992-1997 sitcom Hangin' with Mr. Cooper. She is also an activist on the subject of autism. Peete was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

References 

American television actors
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1964 births
Living people
"Strip Me" is a 2010 single by the English singer Natasha Bedingfield off her album, also named Strip Me. The song didn't do well on Billboard Hot 100; it peaked near 91 on the chart. This song was featured in the movie Morning Glory.

Songs by Natasha Bedingfield
2010 songs
James Thomas Fallon (born September 19, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, singer, musician and television host. He was the host of Late Night with Jimmy Fallon. He was a cast member of Saturday Night Live and has also hosted that show. On April 3, 2013, NBC announced that Fallon would be the new host of The Tonight Show,  beginning at the end of the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Personal life 
Fallon was born on September 19, 1974 in the Bay Ridge neighbourhood of Brooklyn, New York. He was raised in Saugerties, New York. He studied at The College of Saint Rose. Fallon married Nancy Juvonen in 2007.

References

Other websites

Food Bank For New York City public service announcement 
NBC's Official Late Night with Jimmy Fallon Site

1974 births
Living people
Webby Award winners
American movie actors
American voice actors
American television actors
American television personalities
Comedians from New York City
American television presenters
Actors from New York City
Writers from New York City
Singers from New York City
Musicians from New York City
Gorgoroth are a Norwegian black metal band that are currently based in Bergen. 

The band was formed in 1992 by guitarist Infernus after he made a "deal with the Devil". The name of the band comes from the dead plateau of evil and darkness in the land of Mordor from J. R. R. Tolkien's 1954 fantasy novel, The Lord of the Rings. 

They released their debut album, Pentagram, on 12 October 1994.

Band members 

Current
Infernus – guitars (1992–present)
Tomas Asklund – drums (2007–present)
Atterigner – vocals (2012–present)

Former
Goat Pervertor – drums (1992–1994)
Hat – lead vocals (1992–1995)
Kjettar – bass guitar (1993)
Samoth – bass guitar (1993–1994)
Storm – bass guitar (1995)
Grim – drums (1995–1996)
Ares – bass guitar (1995–1997)
Vrolok – drums (1996–1998)
T-Reaper – bass guitar (1998–1999)
Gaahl – lead vocals (1998–2007)
Sersjant – drums (1999)
Kvitrafn – drums (2000–2004)
Frost – drums (1994–1995, 2004–2005)
King ov Hell – bass guitar (1999–2006, 2007)
Pest – lead vocals (1995–1997, 2008–2012)
Tormentor – guitars (1996–2002, 2008–2012)
Bøddel (2007–2015; died in 2015)

Discography

Albums
Pentagram (1994)
Antichrist (1996)
Under the Sign of Hell (1997)
Destroyer (1998)
Incipit Satan (2000)
Twilight of the Idols (2003)
Ad Majorem Sathanas Gloriam (2006)
Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt (2009)
Under the Sign of Hell 2011 (2011)
Instinctus Bestialis (2015)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1990s music groups
1992 establishments in Europe
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Black metal bands
Norwegian heavy metal bands
Musical groups from Bergen
1990s establishments in Norway
Joseph Peter Breck (March 13, 1929 – February 6, 2012) was an American actor and personality who is known for his roles in The Big Valley, Shock Corridor, Black Saddle, The Beatniks, and in the Crawling Hand.

Breck was born on March 13, 1929 in Rochester, New York. He was raised in Houston, Texas. He studied at the University of Houston. Breck was married to Diana Breck from 1960 until his death in 2012. They had one son, Christopher. Breck died on February 6, 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from dementia, aged 82.

References

Other websites

The Official Peter Breck website

1929 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from dementia
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
American television personalities
American radio personalities
Actors from New York
Actors from Houston, Texas
People from Rochester, New York
Retinal migraine (also known as ophthalmic migraines, or ocular migraines) is a medical condition that affects the eyes by causing vision loss in one eye for less than 1 hour, usually for about 10–20 minutes. When these retinal migraines happen they can also cause a headache, either a diffuse headache which is a headache that causes pain which is spread out and hurts a person's whole head, or, a unilateral headache, which is a headache that causes pain on one side of a persons head either, the left side or the right side.

It is believed retinal migraines are caused by vasospasms of the blood vessels of the eye in the area of the retina. The retina is at the back of the inside of the eye. In medicine a spasm is a sudden constriction or tightening of muscles that is involuntary - a person does not control them they move on their own. Muscle spasms can happen in different muscles of the body, like when a person's leg or eye twitches. The twitching is caused by the spasms.

Vaso- means something to do with the blood vessels, so a vasospasm causes the muscle cells inside the walls of a blood vessel to suddenly constrict or tighten up. This causes the whole blood vessel to constrict which means makes the blood vessel narrower. When a blood vessel constricts it is called vasoconstriction.

When vasoconstriction happens less blood the normal is able to flow through the blood vessel, like the way squeezing (constricting) a garden hose makes less water come out. Vasoconstriction can happen for different reasons including because of a medical problem.

The second part of a vasospasm -vasodilation - occurs after the vasoconstriction. After the blood vessel constricts it dilates - becomes bigger. It may return to normal size or slightly larger than normal size.

The vasoconstriction and vasodilation complete one spasm. Spasms often happen many times over and over again. It is beleved that the muscle cells tigntening and loosenening may trigger the pain of a retinal migraine.

References

Migraine
Immortal are a Norwegian black metal band that are currently based in Bergen. 

The band was formed in 1990 by vocalist Abbath Doom Occulta and former guitarist Demonaz Doom Occulta after the bands Old Funeral and Amputation disbanded and members from both of the bands joined together to make Immortal. Immortal disbanded in 2003 because of personal reasons but they reunited in 2006.

They released their debut album, Diabolical Fullmoon Mysticism, on 1 July 1992.

Band members 

Current
Abbath Doom Occulta – vocals, guitar (1989–2003, 2006–present), bass (1989-1998), drums (1992–1993, 1994–1995)
Demonaz Doom Occulta – lyrics (1989–2003, 2006–present), guitar (1989–1997)
Horgh – drums (1989–2003, 2006–present)
Apollyon – bass (2006–present)

Former
Jörn Tonsberg – guitar (1989–1991)
Armagedda – drums (1990–1992)
Kolgrim (Jan Atle Åserød) – drums (1992)
Kapten Galachtik – bass (1992–1993)
Grim – drums (1993–1994; died 1999)
Hellhammer – drums (1995)
Ares – bass (1998)
Iscariah – bass (1999–2002)
Saroth – bass (2002–2003)

Discography

Albums
Diabolical Fullmoon Mysticism (1992)
Pure Holocaust (1993)
Battles in the North (1995)
Blizzard Beasts (1997)
At the Heart of Winter (1999)
Damned in Black (2000)
Sons of Northern Darkness (2002)
All Shall Fall (2009)
Northern Chaos Gods (2018)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1980s music groups
Musical groups established in 1989
1990s music groups
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Black metal bands
Norwegian heavy metal bands
Musical groups from Bergen
1980s establishments in Norway
Barbara May Theresa Werle (October 6, 1928 – January 1, 2013) was an American actress who was known for her roles in The Ed Sullivan Show, Krakotoa: East of Java, Battle of the Buldge, and in Charro.

Werle was born on October 6, 1928 in Mount Vernon, New York. She studied at a Catholic High School in New York. She was raised in Los Angeles, California. Werle had one son. Werle died on January 1, 2013 in Carlsbad, California from natural causes, aged 84.

Death
She died at age 84 on January 1, 2013.

References

Other websites

 

1926 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from New York
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
People from Mount Vernon, New York
Saint-Just (called the Angel of Death) was an important person in the French revolution and the Reign of Terror. He worked closely with Robespierre.

Other websites

French people
1767 births
1794 deaths
Marat was a French doctor and journalist famous for writing about the French revolution and encouraging the Reign of Terror. He was stabbed to death in Paris by Charlotte Corday, an act made famous in a painting by Jacques-Louis David.

Other websites

Assassinated people
French murder victims
French scientists
Murders by blade weapons

1743 births
1793 deaths
Ayub K. Ommaya or Ayub Khan Ommaya (1930-2008) was a famous Pakistani neurosurgeon settled in the USA. He is especially well known for being the inventor of the Ommaya reservoir, which is a method to help cancer patients receive chemotherapy treatment.

Ommaya was born in Mian Channu Tehsil, British India, now Pakistan,  in 1930.  He moved to Oxford, England in 1956.  He then moved to the United States in 1961.  Later, following illness, he moved to Islamabad, Pakistan with his wife in 2005.  He died there in 2008.

References

Pakistani people
American physicians
1930 births
2008 deaths
Medical researchers
Melissa Leo (born September 14, 1960 in Manhattan, New York) is an American movie and television actress. She acted in the television series All My Children. She won Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards for The Fighter, a movie from 2010.

References 

Actors from New York City
American movie actors
1960 births
Living people

Other websites 

Melissa Leo IMDB
Ambient intelligence is an idea from computer science to create an environment of machines that meaningfully interact with people. The idea is that these machines help people solve the problems they have, and that people can interact with the machines in a natural way. An example would be a camera that recognizes the owner of a house or apartment, and that is able to turn off the alarm, and unlock the door. The systems that control the camera, the alarm system and the door lock are all connected to each other. When the camera sees the person, it works with the other systems to make the person's life easier.

Requirements
In order for the idea to work well:
Computer hardware should be small
Different networks of computers and home appliances need to be connected so they can communicate with each other
Computer networks are easy to control and program. New devices in the networks should configure themselves automatically, or their configuration should be easy to do, without the need to understand how they all work.
The interfaces to control the devices focus on the user and are easy to use
The system should be forgiving with errors. It should be secure and work as long as possible, even with errors

In fiction
Ambient intelligence has also be shown in fiction. The movie Minority Report shows how advertising changes for each user. the book The Hitchiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams shows intelligent doors that have emotions, which they show when people use them.

References 

Computer science
A stew is a dish cooked for a long time, and served in the gravy produced by the cooking. The basic materials may be any  meat and/or vegetables. It is ideal for tough meat like mutton and beef cuts which have marbling (fat) and connective tissue. Also, the tougher vegetables should be used.

It is traditional to start off with a simple sauce, such as a roux. Even simpler, flour and an Oxo stock cube can be stirred in some milk and water. It is usual for the tougher meats to start off by themselves, with vegetables added later.

Casseroles and stews are similar. Casseroles often have a topping; stews do not. Stewing is a cooking process whereby heat is applied to the bottom of the cooking vessel (typically over a fire or on a stove), whereas casserole cooking is generally baked in an oven where heat circulates all around the cooking vessel.

History
Stews have been made since ancient times. It figures in the Roman cookbook by Apicius. Herodotus says that the Scythians (8th to 4th centuries BC) "put the flesh into an animal's paunch, mix water with it, and boil it like that over the bone fire. The bones burn very well, and the paunch easily contains all the meat once it has been stripped off. In this way an ox, or any other sacrificial beast, is ingeniously made to boil itself."

Amazonian tribes used the shells of turtles as vessels, boiling the entrails of the turtle and various other ingredients in them. Other cultures used the shells of large mollusks (clams etc.) to boil foods in. There is archaeological evidence of these practices going back 8,000 years or more.

There are recipes for lamb stews and fish stews in the Roman cookery book Apicius, believed to date from the 4th century AD. Le Viandier, one of the oldest cookbooks in French, written by the French chef known as Taillevent, has ragouts or stews of various types in it.

Hungarian goulash dates back to the 9th century Magyar shepherds of the area, before the existence of Hungary. Paprika was added in the 18th century.

The first written reference to 'Irish stew' is in Byron's "The Devil's Drive" (1814): "The Devil ... dined on ... a rebel or so in an Irish stew."

Related pages 
Casserole

References 

Cooking methods
Bailee Madison (born October 15, 1999) is an American actress. She was in the movie Bridge to Terabithia. Madison was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

References

Other websites

 

1999 births
Actors from Florida
American movie actors
American child actors
People from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Living people
American Christians
American television actors
Movie producers
Francesca Angelucci Capaldi (born June 8, 2004)  is an American child actress. She is best know for her role of  Chloe James in the Disney Channel TV series, Dog with a Blog.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

American children's television series
American child actors
Living people
2004 births
Philippe Bond (born 28 June 1979) is a Canadian comedian and radio host. He is from Quebec. Bond co-hosts the morning radio program C't'encore drôle, on the radio station NRJ. In 2011, he was chosen to host a version of the game show The Price is Right in Montreal.

Bond has been described as a good storyteller because he always tells several anecdotes. Through his comedy, he shows to everyone that it is sometimes in the most innocuous situations that people find the funniest facts of everyday life.

Career
Bond graduated from the École nationale de l'humour in 2002. He debuted on Radio Energy Hull / CKTF. He quickly started work doing comedy shows in Quebec. He appeared in several comedy festivals. Since 2002, he has appeared in the Grand rire de Québec, Just for Laughs festival, the Fou rire de Sherbrooke, in Montreal High Lights Festival and in many corporate events. In 2007, he worked with Louis-José Houde in the first part of his new show Suivre la parade.

He won the trophy for the 14th edition of the Gala les Oliviers in 2012. This is the biggest award chosen by the public in the Gala which took place on Radio Canada.

References

Other websites
http://www.enspectacle.ca/artistes/philippe-bond 
 

Living people
1979 births
Canadian comedians
Entertainers from Quebec
Canadian radio personalities
Imiyari "Yilpi" Adamson (born 1954) is an Aboriginal artist from central Australia. She is known for her work in a range of art forms, including painting, sculpture, weaving, knitting and batik.

Yilpi was born at a place near Uluru, in the Northern Territory. Her mother was a member of the Pitjantjatjara people and her father was Yankunytjatjara. When Yilpi was still very young, her parents came to live at Ernabella, a Presbyterian mission in northwest South Australia. She grew up there, and later began working at Ernabella Arts.

Batik was one of the first forms of art Yilpi learned to make at Ernabella. Several of her works were shown at an exhibition in Adelaide in 2006, and one of these was bought for the Powerhouse Museum in Sydney. Later examples of her batik works were bought by the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh. Yilpi is also known for making woven items, such as baskets, out of tjanpi (desert grass). She made several objects with a women's project called the Tjanpi Desert Weavers.

Yilpi began painting much more recently. She has painted both abstract and figurative works. The abstract works are expressions of her Dreaming legends, passed down to her from her mother. Her most successful works, however, are the figurative paintings of her life as a child at Ernabella in the 1950s. Examples of Yilpi's paintings are held in the Art Gallery of South Australia, and the National Museum of Australia. The National Gallery of Australia also has a series of ceramic pots that Yilpi painted with Malpiya Davey, Alison Carroll, and other Ernabella women.

References

1954 births
Living people
Australian painters
Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from South Australia
Artists from the Northern Territory
Pitjantjatjara
Textile artists
Weavers
Steven William Umboh also known as Stevan William or Stefan William (born in California, United States, August, 11, 1993)) is an American born Indonesian actor. Men bloody mulatto United States-Russian-Manado.

Biography

Personal life
He is the first son of the couple Clinton Avery (United States-Russian) and Ellen Thelma Umboh (Manado, Sulawesi Utara), and has a younger sister named Jennifer Avery who is currently living in (Australia) with father and mother. He is also the grandson of a famous Indonesian director of his time, namely Wim Umboh.

Filmography

Movies 
 Bestfriend? (2008) 
 Putih Abu-Abu dan Sepatu Kets (2009)
 Keranda Kuntilanak (2011)
 Bila (2012)
 Air Terjun Pengantin Phuket (2013)

Television series 
 Arti Sahabat (2010 - 2011)
 Gol-Gol Fatimah (2011)
 Aku Suka Dia (2012)
 Calon Ibu Untuk Anakku (2012)
 Yang Muda Yang Bercinta (2013)
 Akibat Pernikahan Dini (2013))
 Fortune Cookies (2013-2014))
 Siti Bling Bling (2014)
 Siti Bling Bling Mengejar Cinta Pertama (2014) 
 Anak Jalanan (2015)

References

Indonesian actors
actors from California
1993 births
Living people
Dark Funeral are a Swedish black metal band from Stockholm. 

The band was formed in 1993 by guitarist Lord Ahriman and former guitarist Blackmoon. They released their debut album, The Secrets of the Black Arts, on 28 January 1996. Some past and present members of the band have an affinity for Satanism. Lord Ahriman and Emperor Magus Caligula are both practitioners of LaVeyan Satanism.

Band members 

Current
Lord Ahriman – guitar (1993–present)
Chaq Mol – guitar (2003–present)
Dominator – drums (2007–2010, 2011–present)
Zornheym – bass (2011–present)
Nachtgarm – vocals (2011–present)

Former
Themgoroth – vocals, bass (1993–1996)
Blackmoon – guitar (1993–1996)
Draugen – drums (1993–1994)
Equimanthorn – drums (1994–1996)
Typhos – guitar (1996–1998)
Alzazmon – drums (1996–1998)
Emperor Magus Caligula – vocals (1996–2001, 1996–2010)
Gaahnfaust – drums (1998–2000)
Matte Modin – drums (2000–2007)
Dominion – guitar (1998–2002)
Mikael Hedlund – bass (2001) (session)
Lord K Philipson – bass (2001–2002) (session)
Richard "Daemon" Cabeza – bass (2002–2005) (session)
B-Force – bass (2005–2010)

Discography

Albums
The Secrets of the Black Arts (1996)
Vobiscum Satanas (1998)
Diabolis Interium (2001)
Attera Totus Sanctus (2005)
Angelus Exuro pro Eternus (2009)
Where Shadows Forever Reign (2016)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1990s music groups
Musical groups established in 1993
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Black metal bands
Swedish heavy metal bands
1993 establishments in Sweden
I are a Norwegian heavy metal supergroup.

The band was formed in 2006 by Abbath Doom Occulta and Armagedda of Immortal, TC King of Gorgoroth and Ice Dale of Enslaved. They released their debut album, Between Two Worlds, on 2006 November 3 in the United Kingdom and on November 14, 2006 in North America.

Band members 
Abbath Doom Occulta – vocals, guitar
Ice Dale – guitar
TC King – bass guitar
Armagedda – drums
Demonaz Doom Occulta - lyrics

Discography

Albums
Between Two Worlds (2006)

References

Other websites 
Official website

2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Black metal bands
Musical groups established in 2006
Norwegian heavy metal bands
Thrash metal bands
2006 establishments in Europe
Genco Gulan ( (born 13 January 1969) is a Turkish sculptor, painter and writer. He was born in Istanbul and has lived in Frankfurt and New York. Gulan is interested in integrating new technologies, classics with contemporary culture. His art is conceptual pop media. He layers the symbolismand brings to our attantion with colors. He's teaching at Mimar Sinan Academy and Bogazici University.

References

Other websites 
The Sunday Times Malta.
Java Museum , Cologne

Sculptors
Painters
1969 births
Living people
Turkish people
Pinscreen animation is a technique used for making animated movies with a device called a pinscreen. This device is a screen lit by the two vertical sides and filled with a vast number of movable pins. The pins can be pushed back and forth, casting their shadows on the screen to create images.  It makes unique visual effects, but because of the meticulousness the technique requires and its time-consuming side, it has been and always remains very rarely used.

Origins

The pinscreen is a device invented in the early thirties by Alexandre Alexeïeff, a French engraver, illustrator and filmmaker of Russian origin. Alexeïeff conceived this device to make animation movies showing the same kind of textural effects that its engravings.

Pinscreen device description
The device is a white screen with a multitude of little holes on all its surface. Each hole is filled with a pin that can slide back and forth and the screen is lit by the two vertical sides, allowing the pins to cast their shadow on the screen. If all the pins are pushed in the screen, they can't cast any shadow and the screen appears entirely white. Conversely, if all the pins are pushed out of the screen, it's total darkness. Depending of how far the pins jut out of the front of the screen, their shadows are shorter or longer, allowing the artist to create images in different tones of gray.

Animation technique

Each of the frames created on the pinscreen is photographed before creating the next frame. When strung together, the frames create the illusion of movement.

Pinscreen movies and legacy

Alexeïeff and his partner Claire Parker completed, in 1933, the animated movie "Night on Bald Mountain", before making another movie in 1943, "En passant", for the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). Many years later, The NFB acquired a full-sized pinscreen and in 1972, Alexeïeff and Parker were invited back to the NFB and gave several workshops on pinscreen animation to a group of filmmakers. One of the most interested Quebecer filmmaker in pinscreen animation is probably Jacques Drouin. He made several animated movies using that technique : "Trois exercices sur l'écran d'épingles d'Alexeïef" in 1974, "Mindscape" in 1976, "Nightangel" in 1986 that was co-directed with Bretislav Pojar, "Ex-child" in 1994, "A Hunting Lesson" in 2001 and "Imprints" in 2004. It's with his movie "Mindscape" that Drouin expressed his own style with the pinscreen technique for the first time, a style different from Alexeïeff's. On the technical plane, Drouin also innovated with "Nightangel", in which he colours the pinscreen images by filtering the light sources.  Recently, animator and illustrator Michèle Lemieux has made "Le grand ailleurs et le petit ici" with the NFB's pinscreen.

References

Animation
Movie industry
The Muria are an aboriginal tribe in Chhattisgarh, India. They are a tribe of the Gondi people. The Muria live in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. They traditionally live by agriculture, hunting and fishing, working as a community. They are surrounded by Hindu culture, but they are animists. They have an omnivorous diet, and liquor plays a big role in their society. According to sociologists, the Muria tribe is a very harmonious society.

When they reach adolescence, children leave their family houses to live in a ghotul. A ghotul is like a mixed-sex dormitory where adolescents practice sexual intercourse, sometimes with a single partner and sometimes with multiple partners. Pregnancy should be avoided and they are obligated to regularly change partners, in order to avoid affection. In the ghotul, the minors govern themselves and it is important to maintain social and traditional order in the group. If the rules are not respected, the children will be punished. They can be expelled from the ghotul and this can be almost as bad as death.

In the ghotul, there is no bond of affection because they want to avoid too much love before the marriage. The objective of all this organisation is to avoid divorce. For the Muria, it is considered important to govern sexuality in their community, because they believe that the sexuality is the biggest problem of humans and that society will not be able to achieve equilibrium if they don't figure prominently in sexuality.

References

Other websites

Ethnic groups in India
Chhattisgarh
Victoria Rowell (born May 10, 1960 inPortland, Maine) is an American actress and writer. She stars mostly on television programs. She played the character Drucilla in the CBS soap series The Young and the Restless. She also did other television programs.

References and Notes

American television actors
Actors from Maine
People from Portland, Maine
Writers from Maine
1959 births
Living people
Vertigo: a person feels as if the world around them is spinning, or that they are spinning, or the spinning is in their head. Vertigo can be caused by different medical conditions; when it happens because of a migraine it is called migraine-associated vertigo. It may happen before a migraine headache starts or during the headache, but vertigo is most common during the period of time between headaches. Many people who have migraines have vertigo or dizziness as the main symptom instead of a headache.

There are different way of vertigo associated with migraines, making a person feel; from feeling lightheaded or: 
Episodic true vertigo: 
Positional vertigo: which happens when a person holds their head in a certain positions.
Constant imbalance: 
Movement associated dysequilibrium: different types of movement may cause vertigo.

References

Migraine
Thomas Jerome Hudner, Jr. (August 31, 1924 – November 13, 2017) was a retired officer of the United States Navy. He is also a former naval aviator. He rose to the rank of captain. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions trying to save the life of his wingman, Ensign Jesse L. Brown. It was during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir in the Korean War.

Biography
He was born in Fall River, Massachusetts. He was a student at Phillips Academy and the United States Naval Academy. At first he was not interested in aviation, but later he learned to fly and joined Fighter Squadron 32. He flew a F4U Corsair at the start of the Korean War. Arriving near Korea in October 1950, he flew support missions from the .

On 4 December 1950 Hudner and Brown were among a group of pilots on patrol near the Chosin Reservoir. Brown's Corsair was shot by Chinese troops and crashed. In an attempt to save Brown from his burning aircraft, Hudner intentionally crash-landed his own aircraft on a snowy mountain in freezing temperatures to help Brown. In spite of these efforts, Brown died of his injuries and Hudner was forced to leave, having also been injured in the landing.

Later, Hudner served aboard several U.S. Navy ships and with a number of aviation units, including a short time as Executive Officer of the  during the Vietnam War, before retiring in 1973. After retiring, he worked for veterans organizations in the United States. He lived in Concord, Massachusetts. The  guided missile destroyer  is named for him.

Hudner died at his home in Concord, Massachusetts on November 13, 2017 at the age of 93.

Medal of Honor citation
Hudner was one of 11 men awarded the Medal of Honor during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir. He was the first of seven U.S. Navy servicemen, and the only Naval aviator, to be awarded the Medal of Honor in the Korean War.

Related pages
 List of Korean War Medal of Honor recipients
 List of living Medal of Honor recipients

References

Sources
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Online sources

Other websites

 
 Historic footage of Thomas Hudner receiving Medal of Honor from President Harry Truman.

1924 births
2017 deaths
American aviators
American military personnel of the Korean War
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Massachusetts
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
Malpiya Davey (born 1959), also known as Irpintiri Davey, is an Aboriginal Australian artist from Pukatja, South Australia. She is best known for her ceramic artworks, but she also does painting, printmaking and weaving. Davey works for Ernabella Arts, the community arts co-operative in Pukatja. Ernabella Arts opened a ceramic studio in 2003, and Malpiya has since become one of its most prolific artists. She specialises in ceramic sgraffito.

Malpiya is Pitjantjatjara. Her parent's country is to the west of Pukatja between Watarru and Iltur, close to the border with Western Australia. She decorates the ceramic with glazed or painted designs. Her designs depict various traditional bush foods from her family's country, such as  (desert raisins),  (quandong) and  (wild figs). These are the subject of many of her sgraffito pieces.

Malpiya's ceramic work has been shown in several major exhibitions around Australia, including at Flinders University, Cudgegong Gallery, Strathnairn Homestead Gallery, and the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory. It was also featured twice at the annual Desert Mob exhibition in Alice Springs, in 2003 and 2004. Examples are held in the permanent collections of the Grafton Regional Gallery in New South Wales, the Art Gallery of South Australia, and the National Gallery of Australia. The National Museum of Australia also contains examples of Malpiya's screen prints.

References

Other websites
Malpiya Davey at Prints and Printmaking

1959 births
Living people
Australian painters
Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from South Australia
Pitjantjatjara
Australian printmakers
Weavers
Ceramists
Malya Teamay is an Aboriginal Australian artist. He is also an administrator of Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park, serving as a member of its Board of Management. As an artist, Teamay works for Walkatjara Art Uluṟu. This art centre is part of the Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa Cultural Centre located inside the national park. Examples of Teamay's paintings are held in the Queensland Gallery of Modern Art, and the Museum of Victoria.

Teamay was born in 1947, at Curtin Springs, a cattle station in the southwest of the Northern Territory. His family was Pitjantjatjara. He grew up at Uluṟu, Areyonga and Ernabella. He worked as a stockman for most of his early life. Teamay moved to Muṯitjulu after it was established in the mid-1980s. He began painting soon after, originally as a way of telling others about the history of his people. His first painting was about the problem of petrol sniffing. He has made several different versions of this painting since.

Like most other artists from this region, Teamay also paints the  associated with his country. These are stories about his spiritual ancestors from the Dreamtime and their journeys across the land. Teamay's paintings focus on the Seven Sisters, and the Liru and Kuniya Dreamings. His work Tjukurpa of Uluṟu is pictured on the admission tickets to the park. It depicts the spiritual law associated with Uluṟu. The other subjects he commonly paints are stories from the Australian gold rush, social problems faced by his community, and the effects of destructive habits on the environment.

Malya is a very active member of the Aboriginal community and has travelled widely around Australia to speak on Anangu issues. He has also served as the chairman of the Nyangatjatjara Aboriginal Corporation, which governs employment, educational and economic opportunities for Aboriginal people in the southwestern Northern Territory.

References

1947 births
Living people
Australian painters
Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from the Northern Territory
Pitjantjatjara
A dress code is a rule about what people should wear. Many times these rules are obvious: they do not need to be written. For example, when walking around a city or going to work one needs to have appropriate clothes. These can change depending on different countries and cultures. At other times a dress code can be a written rule: this can happen for important events. Some private places might also have a dress code that people need to follow to be allowed in - for example churches and nightclubs.

The way a person chooses their clothes can be very important in a social environment. Different types of clothes can give an idea of how much money a person has, what religion he follows, marital status, etc.

Western dress codes 
In the Western world, there are the following dress codes for important events. These can include, for example, State dinners (when important people of different countries meet over dinner), weddings or the Nobel Prize ceremony.
Casual attire is a relaxe dress for had more freedom.
Ceremonial dress or Court dress: this depends on the country and occasion
Formal or White tie. Men have a black suit, a white shirt and a white bow tie. Women have a long dress; they can't wear trousers.
Semi-formal or Black tie. It is similar to a white tie, but the suit is a bit different and the bow tie needs to be black.
Informal or Business attire. Men have a simple suit with a shirt of any colour and a tie. Women can wear a short dress or even a business suit if they like.

Clothing
MI5, also called Security Service is one of three British intelligence agencies. It is the security agency responsible for counter-intelligence inside the United Kingdom. It gives the government information about hostile activities inside the UK. The slang term for MI5 inside the security services is "Box 500", after its old wartime postal address. Priorities are set by the Joint Intelligence Committee. All its employees are bound by the Official Secrets Act.

The Secret Intelligence Service (or MI6) is responsible for intelligence collection outside the UK, and the Government Communications Headquarters is responsible for providing signals intelligence.

The arm of the law which works for MI5 is known informally as Special Branch. They have been rearranged as part of the Metropolitan Police's Counter Terrorism Command. MI5 staff do not have the power of arrest: what they do is instruct Special Branch, who then do the leg-work and interrogation of suspects.

Military of the United Kingdom
Intelligence agencies
Government agencies of the United Kingdom
In mathematics, function composition is a way of making a new function from two other functions through a chain-like process.

More specifically, given a function f  from X to Y and a function g from Y to Z, then the function "g composed with f", written as g ∘ f, is a function from X to Z (notice how it is usually written in the opposite way to how people would expect it to be).

The value of f given the input x is written as f(x). The value of g ∘ f given the input x is written as (g ∘ f)(x), and is defined as g(f(x)).

As an example. let f be a function which doubles a number (multiplies it by 2), and let g be a function which subtracts 1 from a number. These two functions can be written as:

Here, g composed with f would be the function which doubles a number, and then subtracts 1 from it. That is:

On the other hand, f composed with g would be the function which subtracts 1 from a number, and then doubles it:

Composition of functions can also be generalized to binary relations, where it is sometimes represented using the same  symbol (as in ).

Properties

Function composition can be proven to be associative, which means that:

However, function composition is in general not commutative, which means that:

This can be also seen in the first example, where (g ∘ f)(2) = 2*2 - 1 = 3 and (f ∘ g)(2) = 2*(2-1) = 2.

Related pages 

 Chain rule

References

Mathematics
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 fantasy epic movie directed by Peter Jackson, serving as the first part to the Lord of the Rings trilogy. It got nominated for 14 Academy Awards.

Cast
 Elijah Wood as Frodo Baggins
 Ian McKellen as Gandalf the Grey
 Liv Tyler as Arwen
 Viggo Mortensen as Aragorn
 Sean Astin as Samwise Gamgee
 Billy Boyd as Pippin Took
 Dominic Monaghan as Merry Brandybuck
 Orlando Bloom as Legolas
 Craig Parker as Haldir
 Sean Bean as Boromir
 Ian Holm as Bilbo Baggins
 Hugo Weaving as Elrond
 Marton Csokas as Celeborn
 Cate Blanchett as Lady Galadriel
 Andy Serkis as Gollum
 Christopher Lee as Saruman the White
 Lawrence Makoare as Lurtz
 Harry Sinclair as Isildur
 Bret McKenzie as Figwit
 Peter McKenzie as Elendil

References

2000s fantasy movies
New Zealand movies
American fantasy movies
Movies directed by Peter Jackson
Movies that won the Best Makeup Academy Award
Movies that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award
New Line Cinema movies
The Lord of the Rings (movie series)