cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ripley County is a county along the southern border of Missouri, United States. In 2010, 14,100 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Doniphan.

References 

1833 establishments in Missouri
Missouri counties
Ozark County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Gainesville. In 2010, 9,723 people lived there.

1841 establishments in Missouri
Missouri counties
Gisella Donadoni (born 1968) is an Italian television presenter, journalist, and actress.  She was born in Bergamo, Italy. She began her career in 1994 as a news presenter on TV Bergamo.

Career 
Over the years she worked as a presenter and journalist on many shows on the RAI and Mediaset networks. Her first appearance as an actress was as Regina Sartori in the TV soap opera Vivere ("To live"). Her first appearance as a movie actress was in 2018 when she played the role of Angela Stefanelli in Un nemico che ti vuole bene ("An enemy who loves you”).

References

Other websites 
 

1968 births
Living people
People from Lombardy
Italian movie actors
James Francis Byrnes (; May 2, 1882 – April 9, 1972) was an American judge and politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was also the 104th Governor of South Carolina from 1951 through 1955. From 1945 through 1947, he was the United States Secretary of State during the Harry S. Truman presidency.

References

1882 births
1972 deaths
United States Supreme Court justices
Governors of South Carolina
United States senators from South Carolina
United States representatives from South Carolina
United States Secretaries of State
People from Charleston, South Carolina
US Democratic Party politicians
Jane on her Own is the fourth book in a series of four American children's picture books written by Ursula K. Le Guin. S. D. Schindler made the pictures. Scholastic published the book in 1999. It tells the stories of kittens who were born with wings. 

Children's books
Books by Ursula K. Le Guin
Wonderful Alexander and the Catwings is the third book in a series of four American children's picture books written by Ursula K. Le Guin. S. D. Schindler made the pictures. Scholastic published the book in 1994. It tells the stories of kittens who were born with wings. 

Children's books
Books by Ursula K. Le Guin
Catwings Return is the second book in a series of four American children's picture books written by Ursula K. Le Guin. S. D. Schindler made the pictures. Scholastic published the book in 1989. It tells the stories of kittens who were born with wings. 

Children's books
Books by Ursula K. Le Guin
Catwings is the first book in a series of four American children's picture books written by Ursula K. Le Guin. S. D. Schindler made the pictures. Scholastic published the book in 1988. It tells the stories of kittens who were born with wings. 

Children's books
Books by Ursula K. Le Guin
Lawrence Sigmund Bittaker (September 27, 1940 – December 13, 2019) and Roy Lewis Norris (February 5, 1948 – February 24, 2020), also known as the Tool Box Killers, were American serial killers and rapists who kidnapped, raped, tortured, and killed five teenage girls in Southern California over a period of five months in 1979.

Bittaker was in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Norris was born in Greeley, Colorado.

Norris accepted a plea bargain whereby he agreed to testify against Bittaker and was sentenced to life imprisonment on May 7, 1980, with possibility of parole after serving 30 years. He was incarcerated at Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility in San Diego County, California. He died there on February 24, 2020 at the age of 72.

Bittaker was sentenced to death and was imprisoned at San Quentin State Prison in Marin County, California. He died in prison on December 13, 2019 at the age of 79.

Bittaker and Norris became known as the "Tool Box Killers" due to the fact the majority of instruments used to torture and murder their victims, such as pliers, ice picks, and sledgehammers, were items normally stored inside a household toolbox.

References

1940 births
1948 births
2019 deaths
2020 deaths
Duos
American rapists
American serial killers
American people convicted of manslaughter
Criminals from California
People from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
People from Colorado
A puzzle globe (also called jigsaw globe, globe puzzle, puzzle ball, puzzle sphere or spherical puzzle) is a series of puzzle pieces that are a complete sphere or globe when put together. Puzzle globes usually have a substrate made of one piece that helps the puzzle pieces as they are put in place. In some puzzle globes, the substrate is made of steel and the puzzle pieces are magnetic, the magnetic attraction keeping pieces on the lower part of the sphere from falling off.

Like a two-dimensional jigsaw puzzle, a globe puzzle is often made of cardboard and the pieces put together make one layer. Most globe puzzles make things in the shape of a sphere, such as the Earth, the Moon, or historical globes of the Earth.

The logo of Wikipedia is a puzzle globe. It has characters from many different writing systems on it.

A jigsaw puzzle globe from the 1870s is in the collection of the Whipple Museum of the History of Science. It is a copy of an earlier one made in Germany.

References 

Puzzles
Three-dimensional shapes
Chuy Bravo (born Jesús Melgoza; December 7, 1956 – December 14, 2019) was a Mexican-American actor and comedian, best known as the sidekick of host Chelsea Handler on the talk show Chelsea Lately during its run from 2007 to 2014. He usually provided comedic relief to Handler's show, and was the topic of many of her jokes. He also appeared in some pornographic videos.

Bravo was born in Tangancícuaro, Michoacán, Mexico. He had dwarfism and was 4 feet 3 inches (130 cm) tall. Bravo died of a heart attack caused by gastrointestinal hemorrhage on December 14, 2019 in a Mexico City hospital at the age of 63.

References

Other websites
 

1956 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from gastrointestinal hemorrhage
People with dwarfism
American movie actors
American television actors
American television personalities
American pornographic actors
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican comedians
Comedians from Los Angeles
Actors from Los Angeles
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Greeley is the city that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Weld County, Colorado, United States. Greeley is in northern Colorado and is  north-northeast of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver.  

According to a July 2018 estimate by the U.S. Census Bureau, the population of the city is 107,348.

References

Cities in Colorado
County seats in Colorado
Bill Simpson (March 14, 1940 – December 16, 2019) was an American racecar driver and businessman. He was best known as a key figure in the racing safety business with his company Simpson Performance Products. He left Simpson Performance in a controversy surrounding Dale Earnhardt's death.

He was added into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2003. He was the author of the book Racing Safely, Living Dangerously, and its sequel, Through the Fire.

Simpson died of stroke-related problems in Indianapolis, Indiana on December 16, 2019 at the age of 79.

References

Other websites
Official website for Impact Race Products

1940 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American racecar drivers
American autobiographers
Sportspeople from Indianapolis, Indiana
Businesspeople from Indianapolis, Indiana
Writers from Indianapolis, Indiana
Joanna Barnes  (born November 15, 1934) is an American actress, novelist and journalist. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Her best known roles include Gloria Upson in the movie Auntie Mame (1958), which earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination for New Star of the Year and as Jane in Tarzan, the Ape Man (1959).

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 Speaking of Stories: Joanna Barnes bio
 Golden Globes: Auntie Mame

1934 births
Living people
American columnists
American journalists
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts 
Writers from Boston, Massachusetts
Rebecca Roseanne Long-Bailey (born 22 September 1979) is a British Labour Party politician. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Salford and Eccles since the 2015 general election. 

She was the Shadow Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy in Jeremy Corbyn's Shadow Cabinet from February 2017 to April 2020, losing the position when Keir Starmer became the leader of the party.

In January 2020, Long-Bailey announced her candidacy for Leader of the Labour Party in the 2020 leadership election. She came in second place with 135,218 votes, representing 27.6% of the total overall votes. The winner of the election was Keir Starmer.

Long-Bailey became Shadow Secretary of State for Education in Keir Starmer's Shadow Cabinet in April 2020. Keir Starmer later sacked her from the Shadow Cabinet in June 2020, saying she shared an article containing an anti-Semitic conspiracy theory. The claim came from an article retweeted by Long-Bailey that was an interview with English actress and Labour supporter Maxine Peake in The Independent.  In one line of the article Peake said "The tactics used by the police in America, kneeling on George Floyd's neck, that was learnt from seminars with Israeli secret services." Long-Bailey said that she shared the article because of Peake's significant achievements "and because the thrust of her argument is to stay in the Labour Party" but she did not endorse "all aspects of it".

References

1979 births
Living people
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present
English Roman Catholics
British lawyers
People from Greater Manchester
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Legislative elections for the 23rd Knesset was held in Israel on 2 March 2020. 

According to the relevant Basic Law, the elections were required to be held no later than the third Tuesday of the Hebrew month of Cheshvan four years after the previous elections, making the latest possible date 31 October 2023. 

However, due to the failed attempts to form a government by 11 December after the September elections, early elections were called, the third within a year.

On 20 April 2020, Benny Gantz and Benjamin Netanyahu announced that an agreement on a unity government had been reached following the election. The deal would involve both parties splitting power and Gantz and Netanyahu taking turns being prime minister. The deal says Gantz will be Vice Prime Minister until October 2021, by then he will become Prime Minister.

References

2020 elections in Asia
December 2019 events
March 2020 events
2020
Blue and White ( Kaḥol Lavan) is a centrist and liberal political alliance in Israel.

Participating in the Netanyahu-Gantz Government and the Bennett-Lapid Government.

References

Political parties in Israel
Zionist parties
2010s establishments in Israel
Amir Peretz (; born on 9 March 1952 in Boujad, Morocco) is an Israeli politician and trade unionist. He was the leader of the Labor Party, and as a member of the Knesset for the party.

In the 1980s he was mayor of Sderot.

A Knesset member almost continuously since 1988, he has also been Minister of Defence and Minister of Environmental Protection, as well as heading the Histadrut trade union federation between 1995 and 2006.

Since 17 May 2020 he has been minister of economy in the Fifth Netanyahu Government.

References

1952 births
Living people
Government ministers of Israel
HaAvoda politicians
Israeli former political leaders
Israeli mayors
Israeli opposition leaders
Israeli trade unionists
Jewish Israeli politicians
Members of Knesset
Moroccan Jews
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Moroccan politicians
Nitzan Horowitz (; born 24 February 1965) is an Israeli politician. He is the head of the Meretz party and the Democratic Union. He previously was the chief U.S. correspondent and commentator for the Israeli News Company, known as Channel 2 News. 

In 2013, he ran for mayor of Tel Aviv. Before being elected to the Knesset, he was the Foreign Affairs commentator and head of the International desk at Hadashot 10, the news division of Channel 10. 

In June 2019, he won the Meretz leadership election, and currently serves as leader of the party.

References

1965 births
Living people
Gay Jews
Israeli journalists
Israeli LGBT people
Israeli political leaders
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish Israeli writers
LGBT journalists
LGBT politicians
Members of Knesset
Meretz politicians
Rafael "Rafi" Peretz (; born 7 January 1956) is an Israeli Orthodox rabbi and politician. He was born in Jerusalem.

Peretz was a brigadier general who was the Chief Military Rabbi of the Israel Defense Forces. He is currently leader of the Jewish Home party and a member of the Knesset for the The Jewish Home–Tkuma alliance.

In 2019, he became Minister of Education in the Fourth Netanyahu Government. Since 17 May 2020 he has been minister of Jerusalem affairs in the Fifth Netanyahu Government.

From 2019 to 2021 Peretz was leader of The Jewish Home.

References

1956 births
Living people
Chief Military Rabbis of Israel
Government ministers of Israel
Israeli former political leaders
Jewish Israeli politicians
Members of Knesset
People from Jerusalem
Brian Keith (born Robert Alba Keith, November 14, 1921 – June 24, 1997) was an American actor. His best known movie roles were in the Disney family movie The Parent Trap (1961), the comedy The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966), and the adventure saga The Wind and the Lion (1975).

References

1921 births
1997 deaths
Suicides by firearm in the United States
People with cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New Jersey
People from Bayonne, New Jersey
Pokki is a free digital distribution platform and Windows Shell extension. It was made by SweetLabs, Inc. It gives computers running Windows a mobile app-like interface. It is available for Windows XP and later; the Windows 8 version takes over the Start screen to imitate a look and feel of the second generation Start menu in earlier versions of Windows.

Pokki is adware, according to Malwaretips.  Meanwhile, Sophos AV has said Pokki is "viruses and spyware".

History
Pokki first launched as a beta version in June 2011. Pokki's framework is built on Chromium, allowing developers to make desktop applications with normal internet languages, such as HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript.

In April 2012, Pokki launched the Pokki Store, a marketplace and app store for desktop apps for social networking services and social gaming apps. With the Pokki Store, users can browse, search, and download applications in various categories. Developers submit applications using the Pokki Developer Center.

In August 2012, Pokki finished being in the beta stage. It said it had 1 million monthly active users. It released the Pokki Menu, an app launcher for access, management, and discovery of its apps, and a notification center for real-time updates.

In October 2012, Pokki for Windows 8 was released as a free software download to bring back core things to the Windows Start menu that had been removed from Windows 8. It had about 1.5 million users as of January 2013.

References

Other websites
 
Microsoft Windows software
The Darkness of the Morning is a novel by Gordon Parker.  It was published in 1975.  The novel is about coal miners in 19th-century England.  It follows the lives of fictional coal miners and their families through the great strike of 1844, the Crimean War, and the Hartley Colliery disaster of 1862.  The book was widely and positively reviewed. In 1978, it was re-published in English with commentary in Russian for school reading.

References

1975 books
Novels
Santa Clara (Portuguese and Spanish for Saint Clare or Saint Clair) may refer to:

Places

Africa
 Santa-Clara (municipality) or Curoca, Angola
 Santa Clara, Gabon

Asia
 Santa Clara, Santa Maria, Philippines
 Santa Clara, Santo Tomas, Batangas, Philippines

Europe
 Santa Clara, Coimbra, Portugal
 Santa Clara (Lisbon), Portugal
 Santa Clara-a-Velha, Odemira, Portugal
 Santa Clara-a-Nova e Gomes Aires, Almodôvar, Portugal
 Santa Clara (Ponta Delgada), Azores
 Santa Clara Island (San Sebastian), Spain

North and Central America
 Santa Clara, Corozal District, Belize
 Santa Clara Province, Cuba
 Santa Clara, Cuba
 Santa Clara, Consolación del Sur, Cuba
 Santa Clara, San Vicente, El Salvador
 Santa Clara La Laguna, Guatemala
Santa Clara, Chiriquí, Panama
 Santa Clara, Coclé, Panama
 Santa Clara, Panamá Oeste, Panama
 Santa Clara, Durango, Mexico 
 Santa Clara del Cobre, Mexico

United States
 Santa Clara, California
 Santa Clara County, California
 Santa Clara station (California)
 Santa Clara Valley, better known as "Silicon Valley"
 Santa Clara Valley AVA, a wine region
 Santa Clara University
 Mission Santa Clara de Asís, origin of the city and county
 Santa Clara station (VTA), San Jose, California
 Santa Clara River (California), north of Los Angeles
 Santa Clara River Valley
 Santa Clara station (Metrorail), Allapattah, Miami, Florida
 Santa Clara, New Mexico
 Santa Clara Indian Reservation, New Mexico
 Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico
 Santa Clara, New York
 Santa Clara, Eugene, Oregon
 Santa Clara, Texas
 Santa Clara, Utah
 Santa Clara River (Utah)
 Santa Clara Volcano, Utah

South America
 Santa Clara, Jujuy, Argentina
 Santa Clara, La Rioja, Argentina
 Santa Clara do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
 Santa Clara d'Oeste, São Paulo, Brazil
 Santa Clara Island, Chile

Other uses
 Santa Clara (baseball club), a Cuban team from 1922 to 1941, known as the Leopards
 Niña, or Santa Clara, one of the three ships on Christopher Columbus's first voyage
 C.D. Santa Clara de El Salvador, a football club in Pasaquina, La Union
 C.D. Santa Clara, a football club in Santa Clara, Ponta Delgada, Azores
 , originally Santa Clara, a 15th century ship
 The Santa Clara, a student newspaper of Santa Clara University, California
 Battle of Santa Clara, a 1958 conflict in Cuba

Related pages

Saint Clair (disambiguation)
Saint Clare (disambiguation)
 St. Claire (disambiguation)
Santa Clarita (disambiguation)
The Floppotron is a musical instrument. It was made by Polish engineer Paweł Zadrożniak. It is made of a set of computer hardware that plays music together. The latest version, the Floppotron 2.0, has 64 floppy drives, eight hard drives, and two flatbed scanners.

Development

First version
The first version of the Floppotron was made in 2011. It is made of two floppy drives and an ATMega microcontroller. The sound is made by the magnetic head being moved by its stepper motor. The floppy drive's heads have be moved at the correct speed to make the correct sound.

The instrument became well known thanks to a video of the instrument on YouTube playing the Imperial March, which has more than 6 million views.

2.0 version
In 2016, Paweł Zadrożniak made a better version of the Floppotron, which has 64 floppy drives, 8 hard drives, and two flatbed scanners. Every column of eight floppy drives is controlled by an ATMega16 microcontroller, and the hard drives are controlled by two SMD MOSFETs that push and pull. The flatbed scanner head are controlled by Arduino Uno boards.

How it works
Any device that has an electric motor can make sound. Scanners and floppy drives use stepper motors to move the head with sensors that scan an image, or read or write, onto a magnetic disk. The faster the motor, the higher the pitch of the sound the motor makes. Hard disks use a magnet and a coil to tilt the head. When voltage is supplied for long enough, the head speeds up and hits the bound, which makes the "drum hit” sound.

The Floppotron makes MIDI music files into commands that tell each device when to buzz, click, or be silent.

Song covers

As of April 2019, Paweł Zadrożniak's YouTube page shows more than one hundred songs played with the Floppotron. Some of those songs are Queen's "Bohemian Rapsody", Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit", White Stripes's "Seven Nation Army", Eurythmics' "Sweet Dreams" and Michael Jackson's "Thriller".

References

Other websites
 Inventor Paweł Zadrożniak home page

Musical instruments
Gena Turgel (née Goldfinger; 1 February 1923 – 7 June 2018) was a Jewish Polish author, educator, and Holocaust survivor.

Her memoir, I Light a Candle, was published in 1987. She spent much of her life educating British school pupils about the Holocaust.

References

Holocaust survivors
1923 births
2018 deaths
Polish writers
Polish educators
People from Kraków
Panagiotis "Taki" Theodoracopulos (; , ; born 11 August 1936) is a Greek journalist and writer. Theodoracopulos's column "High Life" has appeared in The Spectator since 1977, where he wrote a series of controversial articles. Some of his articles have been edited by Boris Johnson.

In 2002, Theodoracopulos founded The American Conservative magazine with Pat Buchanan and Scott McConnell. He was also the publisher of the British magazine Right Now!.

He lives in New York City, London and Gstaad, Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Taki's Magazine
 

1936 births
Living people
Journalists
Greek writers
Professor Anthony Smith CBE (14 March 1938 – 28 November 2021) was a British broadcaster, author and academic. He was President of Magdalen College, Oxford, between 1988 and 2005. He worked for the Annan Committee on The Future of Broadcasting, and became engaged in the national debate which led to the foundation of the UK's Channel 4.

Smith died on 28 November 2021 in London from renal failure, aged 83.

References

1938 births
2021 deaths
British educators
British writers
People from Oxford
Deaths from renal failure
Robert Maurice Lipson Winston, Baron Winston  (born 15 July 1940) is a British professor, medical doctor, scientist, television presenter and Labour Party politician. In December 1995, he became Member of the House of Lords. He was born in London.

References

Other websites
President of the BA, Biography at the British Association
Another biography at the BA
Age of the Sage: Robert Winston

1940 births
Living people
English television presenters
English physicians
British educators
Politicians from London
Scientists from London
Writers from London
Sir Peregrine Gerard Worsthorne (22 December 1923 – 3 October 2020) was a British journalist, writer and broadcaster. Worsthorne spent the largest part of his career at the Telegraph newspaper titles, eventually becoming editor of The Sunday Telegraph for several years. He left the newspaper in 1997.

Worsthorne died on 3 October 2020 at his home in Buckinghamshire, aged 96.

Writings
Mary Wilson (et al.) (1977) The Queen, Penguin [contributor]
Peregrine Worsthorne (1958) Dare democracy disengage?, Conservative Political Centre [pamphlet]
Peregrine Worsthorne (1971) The Socialist Myth, Cassell
Peregrine Worsthorne (1973) Edwina Sandys, Crane Kalman Gallery [exhibition catalogue introduction]
Peregrine Worsthorne (1980) Peregrinations: Selected pieces by Peregrine Worsthorne, Weidenfeld & Nicolson
Peregrine Worsthorne (1987) By the Right, Brophy Educational [selections from his Sunday Telegraph columns]
Peregrine Worsthorne (1988) The politics of manners and the uses of inequality: Autumn address, Centre for Policy Studies [pamphlet]
Peregrine Worsthorne (2004) In Defence of Aristocracy Harper Collins [published in paperback as Democracy Needs Aristocracy Perennial 2005]

References

Other websites
 KPIX-TV 1962 San Francisco interview of Worsthorne about U.S. political conventions.

1923 births
2020 deaths
English journalists
Writers from London
2builders2tools (2b2t) is a Minecraft multiplayer game server founded in 2010 by an unknown owner, known online as Hausemaster. 2b2t is one of the oldest servers in Minecraft. 2b2t is also the oldest server in Minecraft where there are no rules, which Minecraft players like to call an "anarchy server". The server is running on the same map without a single reset since its creation, with its Spawn area being extremely damaged. The server has no rules, cheating and griefing are common, in addition to violence and racism in the game chat. The server became famous among the players of Minecraft thanks to its chaotic nature. According to the owner of 2b2t, as of March 2021, the server is over 10,300 gigabytes in size, and had over 600,000 players visiting at least once. The server is also a viral topic on YouTube, with videos about it reaching millions of views on that website.

History
The Minecraft server 2b2t.org was founded in 2010 by an unknown owner, known online as Hausemaster. It was advertised on 4chan and Reddit. Members from different forums launched raids against each other and their work. YouTuber TheCampingRusher uploaded a YouTube video on June 1, 2016, where he played on 2b2t. This caused a conflict on the server known as "The Rusher War".  A queue to enter the server was soon added due to the massive influx of new players caused by the video's popularity. Players can also pay $20 to access a separate priority queue for a month.

Since its creation, the server gained attention from the news. Articles were created about 2b2t on Kotaku, Vice, IGN, Newsweek and The Independent. In the book Master Builder 3.0 Advanced, in April 2015, 2b2t was described as crazy, that it can get "outright wild," and that the server is a "nightmare wasteland." The book also stated that it is known as "online royalty" among Minecraft servers.

Other websites
Official Reddit page

References

Minecraft
Fay Weldon CBE FRSL (born 22 September 1931) is an English author, essayist and playwright. She was born in Birmingham, England. Weldon's most known work is her 1983 novel The Life and Loves of a She-Devil which she wrote at the age of 52.

References

1931 births
Living people
English playwrights
English novelists
English essayists
Jerome Laurence Singer (February 6, 1924 – December 14, 2019) was an American psychologist. He was the Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the Yale School of Medicine. He was a fellow of the American Psychological Association, the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the New York Academy of Sciences. He ws known as the "the father of daydreaming" due to his works about daydreaming.

Singer was born in New York City. He studied at the University of Pennsylvania. Singer died on December 14, 2019 at a hospital in New Haven, Connecticut at the age of 95.

References

1924 births
2019 deaths
American psychologists
Writers from New York City
Scientists from New York City
Mikey Madison (born March 25, 1999) is an American actress. She is best known for starring as Max Fox on the FX television comedy series Better Things (2016–present) and as Manson Family follower Susan Atkins (Sadie) in Once Upon a Time ... in Hollywood (2019). She was born in Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites
 

1999 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American child actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Glide is a  3D graphics API made by 3dfx Interactive for their Voodoo Graphics 3D accelerator cards. It was proprietary at first, then 3dfx later made it open source. It was only designed to draw graphics, mostly geometry and texture mapping, in data formats like those used in their cards. It was popular in the late 1990s because 3Dfx 3D accelerator cards were widely used,  but became obsolete because Microsoft's Direct3D got better, full OpenGL implementations from other graphics card vendors came out, and 3D hardware became more diverse.

API 
Glide is based on the basic geometry and "world view" of OpenGL 1.1. That version of OpenGL is an API that has 336 calls, most of which were not of use to draw graphics for video games at the time. Glide was designed to only have the features that were of use to draw graphics for video games at the time. The allowed the API to be small enough to fully run using late-1990s hardware.

Use in games 
Voodoo cards mostly dominated the video game market during the last half of the 1990s because they ran fast and Glide was easy to use. The name Glide was chosen to reference OpenGL, which it was based on, while being different enough to not make trademark problems happen.

Glide wrappers and emulators 
Glide emulator development started in the late 1990s. Before 3dfx ended, the company tried very hard to stop these attempts, ending early emulation projects using legal threats. However, a short amount of time before it ended and Nvidia bought its assets, 3dfx made the Glide API, and also the Voodoo 2 and Voodoo 3 specifications, open source, which later became an open source project. No games released after 1999 only support Glide for 3D acceleration (Direct3D and OpenGL are used instead), but Glide emulation is still needed to run older games with hardware acceleration. Because the specifications and code are now open source, multiple emulators and wrappers are available that allow older games that use the Glide API to run on non-Voodoo hardware. Other projects, such as Glidos, allow even older games to use Glide.

Related pages 
 Vulkan (API)
 3dfx Interactive
 MiniGL
 Mantle (API), another low-level API

References

Other websites 
 Glide SourceForge Project
 GLIDE programming manual
 Glide Wrappers List
 OpenGL Documentation

Computer graphics
Software
Adam Price (born 23 September 1968) is a Welsh politician. He is the leader of Plaid Cymru since 2018. He has sat in the National Assembly for Wales for Carmarthen East and Dinefwr. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Carmarthen East and Dinefwr constituency.

References

1968 births
Living people
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
Welsh politicians
Colum Eastwood  MP MLA (born 30 April 1983) is a Northern Irish politician. He has been the leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) since 2015. He was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly in 2011, and had since been re-elected. He quit in 2019.

He was also the SDLP candidate in the 2019 European Parliament election to represent Northern Ireland. In December 2019 he was elected as Member of Parliament for Foyle.

Eastwood was also mayor of Derry from 2010 to 2011.

References

1983 births
Living people
British mayors
Leaders of political parties in the United Kingdom
Members of the British House of Commons for Northern Irish constituencies
Northern Ireland Assembly, Former Members
UK MPs 2019–present
Naomi Rachel Long (née Johnston; born 13 December 1971) is a Northern Irish politician. She has been leader of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland since 2016. She has again been a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Belfast East since 2020. She has also been minister of Justice in the government of Northern Ireland since 2020.

From 2010 to 2015 she was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Westminster constituency of Belfast East. She was the second elected female Lord Mayor of Belfast from 2009 to 2010. 

In 2019, she was elected as the Alliance Party candidate for the European Parliament, becoming the first ever Alliance MEP.

References

1971 births
Living people
British activists
British mayors
British Protestants
Former members of the British House of Commons for Northern Irish constituencies
Former MEPs
Leaders of political parties in the United Kingdom
LGBT rights activists
MEPs for the United Kingdom
Northern Ireland Assembly, Members
Northern Irish Christians
Politicians from Belfast
Presbyterians
UK MPs 2010–2015
Women politicians
Karin Balzer (née Richert, 5 June 1938 – 17 December 2019) was a East German hurdler. She competed in the 80 m hurdles event at the 1960, 1964 and 1968 Olympics, and in the 100 m hurdles in 1972. She won a gold medal in 1964 and a bronze in 1972.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1938 births
2019 deaths
German Olympic gold medalists
German Olympic bronze medalists
Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry (Urdu: ظفر احمد چودھری;  19 August 1926 – 17 December 2019), , was a Pakistani human rights activist and an airline executive. He was the first Chief of Air Staff of Pakistan Air Force, appointed in 1972 until his resignation in 1974. He was born in Sialkot, Punjab in British India.

Chaudhry died on 17 December 2019 in Lahore of cardiac arrest at the age of 93.

References

1926 births
2019 deaths
Generals
Pakistani businesspeople
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Human rights activists
Geulah Cohen (, 25 December 1925 – 18 December 2019) was an Israeli politician and activist. She founded the Tehiya party. She won the Israel Prize in 2003. She was born in Tel Aviv. Cohen was a member of Knesset between 1972 and 1992. 

Cohen died on 18 December 2019 at the age of 93.

References

1925 births
2019 deaths
Former Members of Knesset
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Human rights activists
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish women politicians
People from Tel Aviv
Constitution Party, Constitutional Party, or Constitutionalist Party may refer to one of several political parties.

Active parties 
 Constitution Party (Egypt), in Egypt
 Constitution Party (Estonia), or "Estonial United People's Party", in Estonia
 Constitution Party (United States), formerly "US Taxpayers Party", in the United States
 Constitutionalist Party of Iran, or "Iranian Constitutional Movement", a now-banned Iranian political party
 Constitutional Democratic Party, in the Russian Empire
 Constitutional Party (Malta), in Malta
 Constitutional Party (Spain), in Spain
 Constitutional Party (Uruguay), in Uruguay
 Constitutional Union (Morocco), in Morocco
 Constitutionalist Liberal Party, in Nicaragua 
 National Constitution Party, in Hungary
 New Constitution Party of Canada, an unregistered party in Canada
 Progressive Constitutionalist Party (Malta), in Malta
 Progressive Constitutionalist Party (Mexico), in Mexico
 Progressive Party (China), originally known as the Constitutionalist Party, in the Republic of China
 Zhi Xian Party (literally: "Constitution-Foremost Party of China"), in the People's Republic of China

Historical parties 

 Constitution Party (United States, 1952), a former party in the United States
 Constitutional Union Party (United States), a pre-Civil War party in the United States

Alternate names 

 Destour. or the "Constitutional Liberal Party", in Tunisia
 Junimea, a Romanian movement briefly active as the "Constitutional Party"
 Rikken Teiseitō or "Constitutional Imperial Rule Party", in Japan
 Rikken Kaishintō or "Constitutional Reform Party", in Japan
 Kenseitō or "Constitutional Party", in Japan
 Kensei Hontō or "Constitutional Main Party", in Japan
 Rikken Seiyūkai or "Constitutional Association of Political Friendship", in Japan
 Rikken Kokumintō or "Constitutional Nationalist Party", in Japan
 Rikken Dōshikai or "Constitutional Association of Allies", in Japan
 Kenseikai or "Constitutional Association", in Japan
 Rikken Minseitō or "Constitutional Democratic Party", in Japan

Related pages 

 Constitutionalism
Ralph E. Erickson (born October 3, 1928) is an American lawyer. He was the 11th Deputy Attorney General of the United States from 1972 to 1973 during the Richard Nixon presidency. Erickson was born in Jamestown, New York.

References

1928 births
Living people
Lawyers from New York
Politicians from New York
United States Deputy Attorneys General
Philip B. Heymann (October 30, 1932 – November 30, 2021) was an American lawyer, federal prosecutor, legal scholar and law professor.

He was in charge of the Criminal Division of the Justice Department as Assistant Attorney General during the Carter administration and was briefly Deputy Attorney General in the Clinton administration. 

Heymann died on November 30, 2021 in Los Angeles, California from problems caused by a stroke, one month after his 89th birthday.

References

1932 births
2021 deaths
Lawyers from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Politicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
US Democratic Party politicians
United States Deputy Attorneys General
Deaths from stroke
John Robert Lewis (February 21, 1940 – July 17, 2020) was an American politician and civil rights leader. He was the U.S. Representative for  from 1987 until his death in 2020. He was the dean of the Georgia congressional delegation. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Lewis, who as chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was one of the "Big Six" leaders of groups who organized the 1963 March on Washington.

Early Life 
John Lewis was born in 1940 in Troy, Alabama to Eddie Lewis and Willie Mae Lewis (née Carter), who were sharecroppers in Pike County, Alabama. Sharecroppers were people who were allowed to rent a part of a piece of land for return of a share of the crops they harvested. He was the third of ten children.

He experienced segregation as a young boy in the Southern United States. When he went to visit relatives in the Northern US, he learned that places there were integrated and served Black people and white people equally.

Personal Life 
Lewis married Lilian Miles in 1968. They had a son, John-Miles. Lillian died on December 31, 2012.

Death
In December 2019, Lewis was diagnosed with stage IV pancreatic cancer. He died in Atlanta, Georgia on July 17, 2020 from the disease, aged 80. His funeral was held at Martin Luther King Jr.'s Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta.

References

Other websites
 Congressman John Lewis  official U.S. House site
 John Lewis for Congress 

 SNCC Digital Gateway: John Lewis, Documentary website created by the SNCC Legacy Project and Duke University, telling the story of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and grassroots organizing from the inside-out
 
 John Lewis debates the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) , June 11, 1996.
 Rep. Lewis on Congress, Gitmo, Afghan War and Charles Rangel – video interview by Democracy Now!, November 17, 2010
 

1940 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
United States representatives from Georgia
American civil rights activists
Politicians from Alabama
US Democratic Party politicians
is a Japanese politician. He was born in Nanto, Toyama, Japan.
He was elected to the Diet in 1969 as a member of the Liberal Democratic Party.

He was Speaker of the House of Representatives from July 2000 to November 2003.

References

1927 births
Living people
Speakers of the House of Representatives (Japan)
was a Japanese politician. He was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He served as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature) from 1996 to 2009, and from 2011 until his death in 2019. He was also Minister of the Environment from 2014 to 2015. He was a native of Shimizu, Shizuoka and a graduate of Chuo University.

Mochizuki died on 19 December 2019 at a hospital in Shimizu, Shizuoka of liver failure. He was 72.

References

Other websites
Yoshio Mochizuki at japan.kantei.go.jp

1947 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from liver failure
Japanese politicians
People from Shizuoka Prefecture
is a Japanese politician. He is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party and the Speaker of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature).

References

1946 births
Living people
Speakers of the House of Representatives (Japan)
is a Japanese politician. He is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party and a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). In August 2019, he was elected President of the House of Councillors of Japan.

References

Other websites
  in Japanese.

1942 births
Living people
Presidents of the House of Councillors (Japan)
is a Japanese retired politician of the Liberal Democratic Party. He was a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). He was a former President of the House of Councillors.

References

Other websites
  in Japanese.

1939 births
Living people
Presidents of the House of Councillors (Japan)
, real name  (born 10 May 1933 as , is a Japanese actress and politician. She became the first female President of the House of Councillors in 2004.

References

1933 births
Living people
Presidents of the House of Councillors (Japan)
is a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet, and general secretary of the ruling Democratic Party.

He was elected to the House of Representatives of Japan in 1990, where he served for two terms until 1996 when he failed to be re-elected. He was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 1998.

References

1936 births
Living people
Japanese politicians
is a Japanese politician. He is a member of Liberal Democratic Party. He was the acting Leader of the Opposition in 2009.

References

Other websites
  

1934 births
Living people
Japanese politicians
is a Japanese politician. He is a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet. He was Chief Cabinet Secretary and Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry in the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) between 2010 and 2012. 

He was the head of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan from 2017 until 2021.

References

1964 births
Living people
Japanese politicians
The  was held on 31 October 2021.

It was the first general election in the Reiwa era, ending the nine-year Shinzo Abe era and a controversial Suga Cabinet.

The ruling party, the LDP, is projected to win a sole majority, passing the 233 seats needed.

Notes

References

Politics of Japan
October 2021 events
General elections
Jaye P. Morgan (known as Mary Margaret Morgan; December 3, 1931 – October 9, 2021) is an American popular music singer, actress, and game show panelist.

In 1961, Morgan was cast as Sally Dwight in the episode "Money and the Minister" of the CBS anthology series, General Electric Theater, hosted by Ronald Reagan.

In 1973, Morgan played herself in the episode "The Songwriter" of the sitcom, The Odd Couple. She appeared as Magda Valentine in the movie The All-American Boy, and continued to play small roles in movies such as Loose Shoes (1980), Night Patrol (1984) and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992).

References

Other websites
The official website of Jaye P. Morgan

1931 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American television presenters
Actors from Colorado
Singers from Colorado
The Town of Mancos is a Statutory Town located in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States.  The town population was 1,336 at the 2010 United States Census.

References

Towns in Colorado
Cortez is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Montezuma County, Colorado, United States.  The city population was 8,482 at the 2010 United States Census.

References

Cities in Colorado
County seats in Colorado
Jimmy Ray Dean (August 10, 1928 – June 13, 2010) was an American country music singer, television host, actor, and businessman. He was the creator of the Jimmy Dean sausage brand.

He became a national television personality starting on CBS in 1957. His best known hit was "Big Bad John" and he was known for his 1963 television series The Jimmy Dean Show.

References

1928 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Virginia
American country singers
American television presenters
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American pianists
Musicians from Texas
Businesspeople from Texas
Singers from Texas
Actors from Texas
Actors who played in James Bond movies
Oskar Lindblom (born 15 August 1996) is a Swedish professional ice hockey forward. He plays with the Philadelphia Flyers organization of the National Hockey League (NHL) since 2014. He was born in Gävle, Sweden.

On 13 December 2019, Lindblom was diagnosed with a rare form of bone cancer.

References

1996 births
Swedish ice hockey players
Living people
People with cancer
Philadelphia Flyers players
Greg M. Kirk (September 24, 1963 – December 22, 2019) was an American politician. He was born in Americus, Georgia. He was a member of the Georgia State Senate from the 13th District, representing, from 2014 until his death. He is a member of the Republican Party.

In June 2019, Kirk was diagnosed with bile duct cancer. He died under hospice care in Americus from the disease on December 22, 2019 at the age of 56.

References

Other websites
 

1963 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from cholangiocarcinoma
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
US Republican Party politicians
Leandro Despouy (April 4, 1947 – December 18, 2019) was an Argentine human rights lawyer and politician. He was born in San Luis, Argentina. He was the United Nations Commission on Human Right's Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers from August 2003 until July 2009.

From 2002 through 2016, he was the General Auditor of Argentina.

Despouy died of cancer in Buenos Aires on December 18, 2019 at the age of 72.

References

Other websites
 UN Cites Torture Reports At Gitmo , CBS News, June 23, 2005

1947 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from cancer
Argentine politicians
Human rights activists
William R. Schulz (born April 4, 1931) is an American businessman and politician. He was an Independent candidate for Governor of Arizona in the 1986 gubernatorial election, and was the Democratic nominee against Barry Goldwater in the 1980 U.S. Senate election. He was born in Des Moines, Iowa.

References

Other websites
The William R. Schulz Collection at the Arizona Historical Foundation

1931 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Arizona
Businesspeople from Iowa
Politicians from Arizona
Independent politicians in the United States
US Democratic Party politicians
Politicians from Des Moines, Iowa
Saddle River is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 3,152.

References

Boroughs in New Jersey
Dwarf Fortress (also known as Slaves to Armok: God of Blood Chapter II: Dwarf Fortress) is an indie game created by Tarn and Zach Adams. It has three modes, each providing a different experience but all sharing a fantasy setting. It is currently in Alpha, and has been in development since 2002. The game has simple text-based graphics inspired by classic roguelikes. There is no way to win, but various ways of losing an in-game fortress or adventurer. A popular meme within the game's fanbase is "Losing is fun!"

Gameplay 
Before the game can be played, a world must be generated. The player can choose the size, number of civilizations, and various other aspects of the world. After this, they are presented with a world made to their liking and can accept it or generate another.

In "Fortress Mode", the player manages a fortress of dwarves. Among other things, the player is able to construct buildings, create a military, and designate areas for mining. Their dwarves must be fed, entertained, and protected from hazards to survive. Hazards include flooding, sieges, magma, and a variety of hostile creatures.

In "Adventure Mode", the player explores the world as their own character.  Through exploration, they can gather information on characters and places across the map. Quests can be discovered by listening to friendly NPCs. Most quests focus around killing villains or monsters, and reward fame. Some friendly NPCs can be made into companions, who will aid the player in their travels. The player character has the same needs as the dwarves, including hydration and rest. This mode features a deeper combat system where body parts can be targeted.

In "Legends Mode", the player can read the generated history of their world. Historical figures, artifacts, and battles are described. A historical map of the world is included.

History 
In their youth, the Adams brothers were avid fans of sci-fi and fantasy games. They became curious about computer game development and Tarn worked to learn programming. The two programmed various computer games including Slaves to Armok: God of Blood, a role-playing game focused around killing goblins. Using much of the system created for Armok and inspiration from their mining game Mutant Miner, they began work on Dwarf Fortress in 2002. The game has been in development since 2006, with frequent updates on progress and planned features. The game is free to download and its development is funded through PayPal donations.

References 

2006 video games
Freeware games
Indie video games
MacOS games
Role-playing video games
Simulator video games
Windows games