cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Yvonne Lara da Costa (April 13, 1921 – April 16, 2018), better known as Dona Ivone Lara, was a Brazilian singer and composer. She was born in Rio de Janeiro. Before her music career began, she was a nurse. Her career as a composer came in 1965, with Os cinco bailes da história do Rio (The Five Balls of the History of Rio) when she became the first woman to become part of the ala de compositores (Wing of the Composers) of a samba school.

Among the interpreters of her songs are such singers and artists as Clara Nunes, Roberto Ribeiro, Maria Bethânia, Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil, Paula Toller, Paulinho da Viola, Beth Carvalho, Mariene de Castro e Roberta Sá.

Lara died in Rio de Janeiro on April 16, 2018 of cardiac arrest at the age of 97.

References

Other websites
 Official Website
 Official web site of the Império Serrano samba school 
 Veja Magazine- A nação das cantoras (in Portuguese)

1921 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Brazilian singers
Composers
People from Rio de Janeiro
Tom McBride (18 September 1936 – 17 April 2018), known as Big Tom, was an Irish country, traditional, easy listening singer, guitarist, and saxophone player. He was born in Castleblayney, Monaghan, Ireland. 

With a career spanning over five decades, he started his career in 1966 as the frontman of the Irish showband Big Tom and The Mainliners.

McBride died on 17 April 2018 at the age of 81.

References

Other websites
Big Tom's record company 

1936 births
2018 deaths
Irish singers
Irish guitarists
Saxophonists
Country singers
Country musicians
was a Japanese actress. She began acting in 1957 when she joined the Haiyuza theatre troupe. She was Shigeko Shizuma in Black Rain and Hihoha Miyamizu in Your Name. She appeared in more than one hundred movies since 1957.

Ichihara was born in Chiba, Chiba Prefecture in Japan. The first movie she was in was Rikō na oyomesan. After she won an award at the 1959 Geijutsusai because of acting in Chidori, she became the star of Haiyuza. She left the group in 1971. In 1990, she won the Japan Academy Prize for being the "best supporting actress". This is because of her acting in Black Rain. Her husband was Satoshi Shiomi, who was a movie director. Shiomi died in 2014.

Ichihara was hospitalised in early December 2018. This was because she had issues with her cecum. She got better and appeared on a Japanese talk show on 21 December 2018. She left the hospital on 30 December 2018. She was hospitalised again on 5 January 2019. She died on 12 January 2019 from heart failure at the age of 82. This was in a Tokyo hospital.

Filmography

References

Other websites
 

1936 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Japanese movie actors
Japanese television actors
Japanese voice actors
Japanese stage actors
People from Chiba Prefecture
The 2018–19 Premier League was the 27th premier league season. Manchester City won the title while Liverpool was runner-up. Wolverhampton Wanderers, Cardiff City and Fulham joined as the promoted clubs from the 2017–18 EFL Championship. They replaced West Bromwich Albion, Swansea City and Stoke City who were relegated to the 2018–19 EFL Championship. The season started on 11 August 2018 and finished on 19 May 2019.

This season had two aviation accidents that involved people from the Premier League. On 27 October 2018, Leicester City owner Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha was killed in a helicopter crash outside the King Power Stadium, shortly after a 1–1 home draw against West Ham United and then almost three months later, on 21 January 2019, Cardiff City player Emiliano Sala, who had already agreed a deal with Cardiff City following his record signing from Nantes, died on board a Piper PA-46 Malibu aircraft that crashed off Alderney while he was going to England for completing the medical formalities.

On 30 March 2019, Huddersfield Town were the first team to be relegated, after a 2–0 defeat at Crystal Palace. They were relegated with six games remaining. This made them the only second team to be relegated before the end of March in the history of premier league, the other one being Derby County who were relegated in 2007–08. On 2 April 2019, Fulham followed Huddersfield after a 4-1 defeat at Watford with five games remaining.

Teams 

Twenty teams will compete in the league this season, out of which, seventeen teams will be from the previous season of premier league, and three new teams which get promoted from the EFL Championship. The teams who will play in premier league for this season are :
Arsenal
Bournemouth
Brighton and Hove Albion
Burnley
Cardiff
Chelsea
Crystal Palace 
Everton
Fulham
Huddersfield
Leicester City
Liverpool
Manchester City 
Manchester United 
Newcastle United
Southampton
Tottenham Hotspur
Watford
West Ham
Wolverhampton Wanderers

Wolverhampton played in the Premier League for the first time since 2012.

Teams promoted to the Premier League
Wolverhampton Wanderers
Cardiff City
 Fulham

Teams relegated to the EFL Championship
West Brom
Stoke City
Swansea City

Venues

Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.

League table

Results

Season statistics

Scoring

Top Scorers

Top scorers

Hat-tricks

Top assists

Clean sheets

Discipline

Player 

 Most yellow cards: 13
 Étienne Capoue (Watford)

 Most red cards: 2
 Pierre-Emile Højbjerg (Southampton)
 Wes Morgan (Leicester City)

Club 

 Most yellow cards: 75
 Watford

 Most red cards: 5
 Leicester City

References

Other websites
Official website 

England
2019 in association football
Premier League
The 2018 UEFA Champions League Final was the last game of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League, Europe's top club football tournament run by UEFA. It was played at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine on 26 May 2018. The game was between reigning champions Real Madrid, and five-time winners Liverpool. Madrid opened the scoring in the second half with a goal from Karim Benzema, but Liverpool quickly equalised through Sadio Mané. Gareth Bale then scored two goals for Real Madrid to win the game, which finished 3-1.

Road to the final

Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).

Match

Details
The "home" team (for business reasons) was decided by an extra draw held after the semi-final draw. It was held on 13 April 2018, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland.

Match Records

Related pages
2018 UEFA Europa League Final
2018 UEFA Super Cup

References

2018 in association football
UEFA Champions League
The Special Operations Executive (SOE) was a British World War II organisation. It was officially formed on 22 July 1940 under Minister of Economic Warfare Hugh Dalton. It was formed by combining three existing secret organisations. Its purpose was to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in occupied Europe  against the Axis powers, and to aid local resistance movements. Later there were also reconnaissance missions in  occupied Southeast Asia.

One of the organisations from which SOE was created was also involved in the formation of the Auxiliary Units, a top secret "stay-behind" resistance organisation which would have been activated in the event of a German invasion of Britain.

Few people were aware of SOE's existence. Those who were part of it or liaised with it sometimes referred to as the "Baker Street Irregulars", after the location of its London headquarters. It was also known as "Churchill's Secret Army" or the "Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare". Its various branches, and sometimes the organisation as a whole, were concealed for security purposes behind names such as the "Joint Technical Board" or the "Inter-Service Research Bureau", or fictitious branches of the Air Ministry, Admiralty or War Office.

SOE operated in all countries or former countries occupied by or attacked by the Axis forces, except where demarcation lines were agreed with Britain's principal Allies (the Soviet Union and the United States). It also made use of neutral territory on occasion, or made plans and preparations in case neutral countries were attacked by the Axis. The organisation directly employed or controlled just over 13,000 people, about 3,200 of whom were women.

After the war, the organisation was officially dissolved on 15 January 1946. A memorial to SOE's agents was unveiled on the Albert Embankment by Lambeth Palace in London in October 2009.

References 

 

Organisations based in the United Kingdom
World War II
2018 Pacific hurricane season is a future event in which the tropical cyclones will be formed in Western Hemisphere. It happens yearly and in 2018 hurricane season will officially start on May 15 and End on November 30.

Storm names
The following list of names will be used for naming storms that will be formed in the Eastern Pacific in 2018. Any retired names will be announced by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) during the Spring 2019. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2024 season. This is the same list used in the 2012 season.

 Aletta
 Bud
 Carlotta
 Daniel
 Emilia
 Fabio
 Gilma
 Hector

 Ileana
 John
 Kristy
 Lane
 Miriam
 Norman
 Olivia
 Paul

 Rosa
 Sergio
 Tara
 Vicente
 Willa
 Xavier
 Yolanda
 Zeke

Pacific hurricane seasons
Berkeley County is a county in West Virginia. It is the 2nd most populated county in West Virginia with the 2010 census reporting that 104,169 people lived in Berkeley County. The county seat is Martinsburg, West Virginia.

History 
Berkeley County was formed from Frederick County, Virginia in 1772 and named for Lord Norborne Berkeley. For most of Berkeley County's history, Martinsburg has been its largest city. The arrival of the B&O Railroad in the 1840s gave Martinsburg and Berkeley County a significant economic boost. As the American Civil War was being fought, much of Berkeley county was ransacked and fought over. The first major battle in the area occurred on July 2, 1861, when the American General Robert Patterson crossed the Potomac River at Williamsport and defeated the Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston and General Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson. In the October of 1862, the Martinsburg B&O Railroad complex and Roundhouses were burned. After November 1863, Berkeley County became a part of West Virginia. Since then, Berkley County has experienced huge growth due to being close to the US capital, Washington, D.C.

Climate 
Berkeley County is located in a Humid subtropical climate. It has varying temperatures with an average high of 86 degrees in July, and a low of 22 degrees in January. Berkeley County receives rainfall all year, with summers being wetter that winter. It receives 26 inches of snow a year on average. Berkeley County also receives 39 inches of rain per year.

References 

West Virginia counties
1772 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
Igor Leonidovich Chislenko (, 4 January 1939 — 22 September 1994) was a Soviet football player. He played over 200 games for FC Dynamo Moscow. He also played for the USSR national football team, appearing 53 times, and scoring 20 goals. He was on the 1962 and 1966 World Cup teams.

References

Other websites

 

1939 births
1994 deaths
Soviet sportspeople
Sportspeople from Moscow
Russian footballers
1962 FIFA World Cup players
1966 FIFA World Cup players
Paul Israel Singer (24 March 1932 – 16 April 2018) was an Austrian-born Brazilian economist and scholar. From 1979 he returned to teaching, as a professor at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), where he remained for four years, having been head of the Department of Economics and member of the University Council. 

In 1980 he was one of the founders of the Workers' Party.

Singer died on 16 April 2018 in São Paulo, São Paulo at the age of 86.

References

2018 deaths
1932 births
Austrian educators
Economists
Brazilian educators
People from São Paulo
Velvalea Rodgers "Vel" Phillips (February 18, 1923 – April 17, 2018) was an American attorney and civil rights activist. She served as a local official and judge in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and as Secretary of State of Wisconsin, the first woman and African-American elected to that state position, from 1979 to 1983.

Phillips died under hospice care in Milwaukee at age 95 on April 17, 2018.

Reference

Other websites
Vel Phillips | Wisconsin Historical Society 
Bio of Phillips on foundation website 
CV from the 1979 Wisconsin Blue Book 

1923 births
2018 deaths
Lawyers from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
American civil rights activists
Politicians from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
US Democratic Party politicians
The pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, on the chest (front) of the human body. 

It makes up most of the the chest muscles, and is under the breast. In sports as well as bodybuilding, the pectoral muscles may be referred to as "pecs", "pectoral muscle" or "chest muscle" because it is the larger surface muscle in the chest area.

Muscles
Seigneur (, ) was used during medieval times.  It was the name formerly given in France to someone who had been granted a fief by the ruling king or queen, with all its associated rights over people and property. This form of lordship was called seigneurie. The rights that the seigneur had were also called seigneurie, and the seigneur himself was the seigneur justice because he exercised jurisdiction over his fief. France repealed its feudal system August 4, 1789 in the wake of the French Revolution. Since then, the office of seigneur ceased to exist, and the title has only been used for sovereign princes and only by their families.

The part of Canada that was once called New France also used a seigneurial system from 1627 to 1854.

References

1789 disestablishments
18th century in France
History of France
Society
Nobility
Control Machete were an Mexican rap group from Monterrey, Nuevo León, and its members were Fermín IV, Pato Machete and DJ Toy Selectah.

The rap group started in 1996 and lasted until 2004.
Control Machete achieved in just 6 months to sell 500 thousand units from their disk Mucho Barato both in México as América. Their capacity of convocation were presented before the crowds of 10.000 people in Spain with great success performing concerts throughout South America presented an total audience estimated more than 458 thousand people. It has been such an impact that they have generated, that they have been in charge of several events of carving international as it is the concert of the multi-awarded alternative musician David Bowie in the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez before more than 40 thousand people.

Later, Control Machete would face a challenging challenge entering fully into the major leagues to be the official opening group of the most important tour of the year in Mexico: Pop Mart, of the Irish band U2. And if that were not enough, they were in charge of opening the 50 Cent's concert that was offered in Mexico at the Palacio de los Deportes in March 2004. They were invited to participate in several compilations, highlighting the album of José José's tribute (BMG, 1998), where they played Amnesia, and 2001 they were also in the tribute to the Argentine band Soda Stereo, playing the song Camaleón. They participated in Outlandos D'Americas (EMI, 1998), the album that pays homage to The Police.

The group participated in a national tour with Molotov, on tour Molochete, teniendo gran aceptación en México. In 2001 one of the members, Fermin IV left his career as solo of christian music, becoming a Pastor of the Congregation "Semilla de Mostaza" in Mexico City, has been influence for many young people leave from gangs and follow the example, also is the vocalist of the group with the same name.

Discography

Albums
Mucho Barato (1996)
Artillería Pesada presenta (1999)
Spanglish (2001)
Sólo Para Fanáticos (2002)
Uno, Dos:Bandera (2003)

Collaborations 
Molochete with Molotov (2000)

References

Musical groups established in 1996
1990s Mexican music groups
2000s Mexican music groups
Mexican rap music groups
Musical groups disestablished in 2004
1996 establishments in North America
1990s establishments in Mexico
2000s disestablishments in Mexico
Cartel de Santa is a Mexican hip hop group from Santa Catarina, Nuevo León. The group began its activities in 1996 under different names and members before taking its final name and alignment. The group is composed of the main vocalist Eduardo Dávalos De Luna (Babo) el and Román Rodríguez, better known as "Rowan" Rabia", Monoplug or simply Mono, Dharius was part of the group but it was separated from it in mid 2013. Cartel de Santa continues to be one of the most popular Mexican rap groups worldwide, it is also one of the groups of Spanish speaking best sellers of all time, achieving different certifications for their high sales.

History
The group rose to fame in 2003, releasing their first album titled "Cartel de Santa: Vol. I". The album included songs that became hits, such as: "Asesinos de Asesinos", "Cannabis Sativa", "La Pelotona", and "Todas mueren por mí". This album was produced by Jason Roberts, who has also produced for artists such as: Cypress Hill, Ice Cube, House of Pain, Control Machete and Plastilina Mosh That same year, Cartel de Santa, launched a musical video of the song "Perros", which was broadcast to Latin America by MTV. However, the most important album of his career was released a year later, in 2004, titled Cartel de Santa Vol. II, which included songs such as "Blah Blah Blah ", La Llamada", "Crónica Babilonia", "El Arte del Engaño" and "El Dolor del Micro" (featuring Julieta Venegas).

In 2006, Cartel de Santa recorded his third album, called Cartel de Santa, Vol. Prohibido that included the singles "Cheka Wey" (which also featured a music video); "Hey Si me Ven"; "Súbele A La Greibol"; "Mexico, Lindo Y Bandido" and "La Ranfla Del Cartel". A few months later, Babo was arrested for accidentally killing one of his friends, the state deemed him a qualified homicide. Because of this, the group released a compilation album Greatest Hits and some extra themes to raise funds and release the rapper from prison. Babo was released nine months later in January 2008.

In February of 2008, the band released their fourth album, which contains songs like "Babo Regresa", "Cosas de la vida", "De Mexico El Autentico", "Brillo Humillo", "Vato Sencillo", which narrate about the months that MC Babo was in prison, about how he killed his friend, and about the fact that they continued making music. The first single was "Hay Mamita"

Discography

Albums
Cartel de Santa (2002)
Vol.II (2004)
Volumen Prohibido (2006)
Vol.IV (2008)
Sincopa (2010)
Golpe Avisa (2014)
Viejo Marihuano (2016)

Compilations
Cartel de Santa, Casa Babilonia presentan: Los Mixtapes (2006)
Cartel de Santa, Greatest Hits (2007)
Casa Babilonia Records: Compilado (2008)
Casa Rifa: Demos (2009)
Sincopa 5.1 (2011)
Me Atizo Macizo Tour 2012, En vivo desde el D.F 
Los Jefes (Soundtrack of the movie) (2015)

Musical groups established in 1996
1990s Mexican music groups
2000s Mexican music groups
Mexican rap music groups
1996 establishments in North America
1990s establishments in Mexico
Alan Alejandro Maldonado Tamez (born September 24, 1984) better known by his stage name Dharius (previously MC Dharius) and also as DHA and El Tirano, is an MC and ex Mexican-member of the group of rap Cartel de Santa.

Musical career 
It was not more than a year since the creation of "La Real Academia de La Rima" for Dharius to be invited (like Babo) to be part of "La Artillería Pesada", a group founded by Fermín IV, leader singer of Control Machete, the maximum rap exponent at that time. Dharius and Babo join Artilleria Pesada and record an album in which great international rappers like El Meswy (One of the best rappers in Spain) took part but in spite of all the production, the record never came out light due to reasons still unknown. In 2002, Dharius is invited by Babo as a supporter in the tour of the first album of Cartel de Santa. Dharius accepts and begins to travel throughout Mexico with this group. In 2003, Cartel de Santa is invited to participate with a song in the tribute to the great Mexican singer-songwriter José Alfredo Jiménez titled "XXX", the group accepts and Babo invites Dharius to collaborate with them in the reissue of the song "Ella". This would be the second recording of Dharius with Cartel de Santa (He had already collaborated with them in the song Super MC's, included in the first self-titled album of the group) and would also be the song with which, a few months later, the group would win his first gold record for its high sales.

Albums

Cartel de Santa 

 Cartel de Santa (2002)
 Vol.II (2004)
 Volumen Prohibido (2006)
 Vol.IV (2008)
 Sincopa (2010)
 Me Atizo Macizo tour 2012 en vivo desde el D.F.

Solo 

 Directo Hasta Arriba (2014)
 Mala Fama, Buena Vidha (2018)

References 

Mexican rap musicians
1984 births
Brookfield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut. It was founded in 1788. In 2017, 17,055 people lived in the town.

Towns in Connecticut
T. V. R Shenoy (1941 – April 17, 2018) was an Indian journalist and columnist. Shenoy had served as the editor of the weekly news magazine The Week and Sunday Mail and held many posts in The Indian Express and Malayala Manorama. He was born in Kerala, India.

He was a  member of the Board of Trustees of  India First Foundation. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan award in 2003.

Shenoy died on April 17, 2018 at a hospital in Mangalore, India at the age of 77.

References

Other websites
India First Foundation 
Kamat.com

1941 births
2018 deaths
Indian writers
Indian journalists
Columnists
People from Kerala
Henk Schouten (16 April 1932 – 18 April 2018) was a Dutch footballer. He was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands. He was active as a midfielder. Schouten made his debut at Excelsior Rotterdam and also played for Holland Sport and Feijenoord.

Schouten died of pancreatic cancer on 18 April 2018 in Rotterdam at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
 Profile 

1932 births
2018 deaths
Cancer deaths in the Netherlands
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Dutch footballers
Sportspeople from Rotterdam
Metropolitan Cornelius Jakobs ( or secular name Vjatšeslav Vassiljevitš Jakobs, or Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Yakobs, ; 19 June 1924 – 19 April 2018) was the Metropolitan bishop of Tallinn and All Estonia, the head of the Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate from 1992 until his death in 2018. He was born in Tallinn. He became the oldest bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church and celebrated his 90th birthday in 2014.

Jakobs died on 19 April 2018 in Tallinn at the age of 93.

References

Other websites
 Корнилий, митрополит Таллинский и всея Эстонии (Якобс Вячеслав Васильевич) on Official site of the Russian Orthodox Church 
 Tallinna ja kogu Eesti metropoliit Kornelius  
 Message of Kornelius Mitropolitan of Tallinn and all Estonia
 ESTONIA: MOSCOW ORTHODOX CHURCH FINALLY REGISTERED (Keston News Service, 19 April 2002)

1924 births
2018 deaths
Religious leaders
People from Tallinn
The Spy Who Came in from the Cold is a 1963 Cold War spy novel by the British author John le Carré. Alec Leamas is a British agent. He is sent to East Germany as a part of trick to spread lies and confusion about a powerful East German spy. In 1965 Martin Ritt directed the movie of the novel, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold, with Richard Burton as Leamas.

Characters
 Alec Leamas: A British field agent in charge of spying in East Germany.
 Hans-Dieter Mundt: Leader of the East German Secret Service, the Abteilung.
 Fiedler: East German spy, and Mundt's deputy. 
 Liz Gold: English librarian and member of the Communist Party.
 Control: Head of The Circus
 George Smiley: British spy
 Peter Guillam: British spy.
 Karl Riemeck: East German bureaucrat and British spy

Awards and nominations

 1963 Gold Dagger award from the Crime Writers' Association for "Best Crime Novel"
 1965 Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for "Best Mystery Novel"
 1966 Edgar Award, "Best Motion Picture Screenplay", Screenwriters Paul Dehn and Guy Trosper changed the story of the book into the 1965 screenplay.
 2005 "Dagger of Daggers" a one-time award given to the Golden Dagger winner on the fiftieth anniversary of the Dagger Awards,   for the best of the fifty winners

Other websites
 Le Carré describes how he came to write the book (in an article published in The Guardian newspaper (April 2013) on the novel's 50th anniversary): "After a decade in the intelligence service, John le Carré's political disgust and personal confusion 'exploded' in The Spy Who Came in from the Cold."
  Retrieved Saturday, 29 October 2016

British novels
Luis Montes Mieza (1949 – 19 April 2018) was a Spanish anesthetist and pro-euthanasia activist. He was the Federal President of the association "Derecho a Morir Dignamente" from 2009 till his death in 2018.

Montes died on 19 April 2018, of a heart attack, while driving to Molina de Segura, Region of Murcia at the age of 68 or 69.

References

1949 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Spain
Spanish people
Activists
Spanish physicians
Walter Leroy Moody, Jr. (March 24, 1935 – April 19, 2018) was an American convicted murderer. He was sentenced to death in Alabama for the 1989 letter bomb murder of Robert S. Vance, a US federal judge serving on the Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit.

After an extensive investigation, Moody and his second wife, Susan McBride, were arrested on July 13, 1990. McBride was released on $250,000 bail within a week and later testified against Moody. 

Moody was executed by lethal injection on April 19, 2018 in Escambia County, Alabama at the age of 83. He became the oldest death row inmate to be executed in modern United States history.

References

1935 births
2018 deaths
Executed American people
American murderers
People from Georgia (U.S. state)
The Picolo trumpet is a smaller version of the trumpet, that is also tuned an octave higher than the regular trumpet. Since the 19th century, regular trumpets have three valves. The piccolo usually has four valves. Note also that the piccolo trumpet is different from the pocket trumpet. A pocket trumpet has the same tonal range as a regular trumpet; it is just built differently (to be smaller). 

A piccolo trumpet has another characteristic tone, which can easily be distinguished from that of a regular trumpet. 

The piccolo was developed in the first quarter of the 20th century, mostly by Julius Kosleck. Kosleck used it to make it easier to play baroque music. Note however, that at the time of Johann Sebastian Bach, the trumpets had no valves; these were added in the 19th century. 

Piccolo trumpets could not establish themselves in Jazz music, but they are often used to play classical trumpet.   

The trumpet is a "noble instrument"; it is often used to play high-pitched notes. Such notes are easier to play with a Piccolo. Because of its construction, the piccolo cannot play the first octave of the classical trumpet.  

Like the regular trumpet, the piccolo is a transposing instrument. 

Musical instruments
Alex Simeon Janvier (born February 28, 1935) is an aboriginal artist from Canada. He is often called the "first Canadian aboriginal modernist". He is of Denesuline and Saulteaux descent.

References

1935 births
Living people
Artists
Robert L. Butler (January 23, 1927 – April 22, 2019) was an American politician. He served as the Mayor of Marion, Illinois from May 1963 until he resigned on January 31, 2018 for health reasons. At the time of his resignation, he was the second longest serving mayor in the United States. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Butler was born in Marion. He studied law at the University of Illinois. He died on April 22, 2019, at the age of 92.

References

1927 births
2019 deaths
American mayors
Lawyers from Illinois
Politicians from Illinois
US Republican Party politicians
Luisa Pastor Lillo (10 October 1948 – 18 April 2018), was a Spanish politician. In the Spanish local elections, 2003,  Luisa Pastor obtained the absolute majority for the first time for her party in San Vicente, taking 11 of the 21 council members of the Plenary. In the 2015 municipal elections, Luisa Pastor was presenting her fifth term as mayor.

On 10 October 2014, a judge decided to investigate her for the possible relations with the corruption scandal "Brugal case". On 22 October 2015, after 5 months as a councilor in the opposition, she decided to renounce her councilor's act for personal reasons.

Luisa Pastor died on 18 April 2018, at the age of 69, of cancer.

References

1948 births
2018 deaths
Cancer deaths in Spain
Spanish politicians
Mayors
Roy Thomas Frank Bentley (17 May 1924 – 20 April 2018) was an English football player and manager. He was born in Bristol, England. Bentley was an England international for six years from 1950 to 1956. With his death in 2018, he was the last surviving player from England's 1950 World Cup squad.

Bentley played 367 games for Chelsea and captained the club to their first League Championship in the 1954–55 season. He also won 12 caps for the England national side.  He later became a manager.  Bentley was, for a time, one of England's top centre forwards.

Bentley died on 20 April 2018, in Reading, Berkshire at the age of 93.

References

1924 births
2018 deaths
English footballers
English football managers
People from Bristol
Pedro Erquicia López de Montenegro (24 March 1943 – 20 April 2018) was a Spanish journalist and television producer. He was born in San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain. His career began in 1956 when he began working for Televisión Española. He hosted the TVE's newscast Telediario (1972-1973).

In 1973 Erquicia created one of the longest running programs in Spanish television: Informe Semanal. In 1987 he was fired by TVE and later he joined the then recently created public broadcaster Telemadrid.

In April 2008, Erquicia announced his retirement. He died ten years later, on 20 April 2018 in Madrid of a long-illness at the age of 75.

References

1943 births
2018 deaths
Spanish journalists
Spanish television personalities
Television presenters
Television producers
Rajindar Sachar (22 December 1923 – 20 April 2018) was a Pakistani-born Indian lawyer and political activist. He served as Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court in 1985. He was a member of the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights. He has served as a counsel for the People's Union for Civil Liberties.

On 16 August 2011 Sachar was arrested in New Delhi during protests over the detention of Anna Hazare and his supporters.

Sachar died in New Delhi on 20 April 2018 of pneumonia at the age of 94.

References

1923 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in India
Indian writers
Indian politicians
Pakistani politicians
Indian lawyers
Indian judges
Pakistani judges
Political activists
Political writers
People from New Delhi
Jaroslav Seifert (; 23 September 1901 – 10 January 1986) was a Nobel Prize–winning Czechoslovak writer, poet and journalist. In 1984, Seifert won the Nobel Prize in Literature.

References

Other websites
 Timeline of Nobel Winners

1901 births
1986 deaths
Czech poets
Journalists
Writers from Prague
Pavel Šrut (3 April 1940 – 20 April 2018) was a Czech poet, translator and children's writer. He was born in Prague. He studied at Charles University. He was known for his written works Brožované básně and Šišatý švec a myšut.

Apart from his celebrated poetry and books for children, he was also a translator from English and Spanish. His translations include books of Dylan Thomas, Robert Graves, D. H. Lawrence, Leonard Cohen, John Updike, Federico García Lorca, and others.

He was a frequent guest and worked at Western Michigan University in the summer.

Šrut died in Zdice, Czech Republic of a heart attack on 20 April 2018 at the age of 78.

References

1940 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Czech poets
Czech educators
Children's writers
Novelists
Czech translators
Writers from Prague
"No Tears Left to Cry" (written in lowercase) is a song by American singer Ariana Grande. It is the lead single from her fourth studio album, Sweetener.  The song and its music video were released on April 20, 2018.  

The song became Grande and Grimes's first chart-topper in Australia when it entered at the top of the ARIA Singles Chart.  It entered at number two in the UK and at three in her home country of the US.  With the song, she became the first act to have the first singles from four albums enter in the top ten of the Hot 100.

Background
After taking a break from social media since New Year's Eve 2017, Grande promoted the release of the song on social media using upside-down, flipped font (ʎɹɔ oʇ ʇɟǝl sɹɐǝʇ ou). Meaghan Garvey from Pitchfork called the song "diva house" and the beat "UK garage-inspired," perhaps as a "nod to Manchester," referring to the May 2017 Manchester Arena bombing in England that occurred on Grande's Dangerous Woman Tour.

Music video 
The video features Grande and Grimes in a city with dancers and climbing up buildings and streets at right angles.  It was nominated at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards for Best Pop Video, Best Cinematography, Best Visual Effects, and Video of the Year, winning the first of these.

Charts

Weekly charts

Monthly charts

Year-end charts

References

Notes

2018 songs
Dance-pop songs
Disco songs
R&B songs
Ariana Grande songs
Udo Kier (born Udo Kierspe; 14 October 1944) is a German actor and voice actor. He has appeared in over 200 movies. He was born in Cologne, Germany.

Kier is known for his roles in Ron Camp in Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1994), Curly in Barb Wire, as a NASA flight psychologist in Armageddon, and as Ralfi in the movie Johnny Mnemonic.

Kier moved to Palm Springs, California in 1991.

References

Other websites

1944 births
Living people
German movie actors
German television actors
German stage actors
German voice actors
People from Cologne
Kevin Levi Austin (12 February 1973 – 23 November 2018) was an English-born Trinidadian professional footballer. He worked as a youth team coach for Scunthorpe United.

Career 
As a player, he was a defender from 1992 until 2012. He played over 100 league matches each for Leyton Orient, Lincoln City and Swansea City. He also played in the Football League for Barnsley, Brentford, Cambridge United, Bristol Rovers and Chesterfield. 

Austin also played Non-League football for Saffron Walden Town, Kettering Town, Darlington and Boston United.

Death 
Austin was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in April 2018. He died on 23 November 2018 from the disease at the age of 45.

References

Other websites
Unofficial Kevin Austin Profile at The Forgotten Imp

1973 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
English footballers
Trinidad and Tobago footballers
Sportspeople from London
Gabriel James Byrne (born 12 May 1950) is an Irish actor, movie director, movie producer, writer and audiobook narrator. In 2008, Byrne won a Golden Globe Award.

In movies, he is known for his roles in Excalibur (1981), Miller's Crossing (1990), The Usual Suspects (1995), Stigmata (1999), End of Days (1999), Spider (2002), Jindabyne (2006), Vampire Academy (2014) and The 33 (2015).

Byrne co-wrote The Last of the High Kings (1996). Byrne has also produced several movies, including the Academy Award–nominated In the Name of the Father (1993).

In television, Byrne is known for his role as Paul Weston in the HBO drama In Treatment (2008–2011).

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 Gabriel Byrne profile, artforamnesty.org; accessed 11 August 2017
 Gabriel Byrne video interview, jewreview.net; accessed 11 August 2017
 Gabriel Byrne discusses his role on In Treatment , npr.org, 30 May 2009
 Gabriel Byrne tells of childhood sexual abuse, Guardian.co.uk, 19 January 2010

Golden Globe Award winning actors
1950 births
Living people
Irish movie actors
Irish television actors
Irish stage actors
Irish voice actors
Irish movie directors
Irish movie producers
Irish screenwriters
Actors from Dublin
Writers from Dublin
Reginald Smyth (10 July 1917 – 13 June 1998), known by his professional name Reg Smythe, was a British cartoonist. He created the popular, long-running Andy Capp comic strip.

References

1917 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cartoonists
British artists
British writers
The Democratic Governors Association (DGA) is a Washington, D.C. based 527 organization. It started  in 1983. Members are U.S. state and territorial governors who are also members of the Democratic Party. 

The mission of the organization is to create party support to the election and re-election of Democratic governors. There is a similar Republican organization called the Republican Governors Association. The DGA is not directly connected with the non-partisan National Governors Association.

42nd President of the United States, Bill Clinton, was leader of the DGA in 1988.

The current leader of the association is Governor of New Jersey Phil Murphy since 2019. 

These people have been leaders of the DGA: John Connally, Zell Miller, Marvin Mandel, Dale Bumpers, Wendell H. Ford, Wendell Anderson, Reubin Askew, Philip W. Noel, Patrick Lucey, Brendan Byrne, Jim Hunt, Jerry Brown, Richard Riley, Dick Celeste, Michael Dukakis, Evan Bayh, Howard Dean, Tom Vilsack, Bill Richardson, Kathleen Sebelius, Dannel Malloy, and Jay Inslee.

Also see
 Republican Governors Association

Other websites
 DGA Official Website

United States Democratic Party
1983 establishments in the United States
Political organizations based in Washington, D.C.
1980s establishments in Washington, D.C.
Michael Edward Gross (born June 21, 1947) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Steven Keaton from the sitcom Family Ties (1982–1989) and the graboid hunter Burt Gummer from the Tremors movie franchise.

References

Other websites

Michael Gross at Internet Off-Broadway Database

Drama Desk Award winners
1947 births
Living people
Yale University alumni
American video game actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Chicago
A cation is an ion with fewer electrons than protons. Therefore, it has a positive charge.

The electric charge on a proton is equal in amount to the charge on an electron. So, the total electric charge on an ion is the number of protons in the ion minus the number of electrons.

Related pages 
 Ion
 Anion

Physical chemistry
Marathon Media (now known as Zodiak Kids Studios), is a worldwide French television production company based in Neuilly-sur-Seine that produces scripted live-action and cartoon shows for children. The company was co-founded by Vincent Chalvon-Demersay and David Michel.

The shows are dubbed into French, Japanese, English, Thai, German, Dutch, Malay, Arabic, Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Portuguese, and other languages dubbed and shown around the world.

Marathon Media Group was acquired by Zodiak Entertainment in 2008 and renamed Marathon Media. In February 2016 Zodiak Entertainment merged with the Banijay Group.

Marathon Media has subsequently been renamed Zodiak Kids Studio France.

Television
Companies of France
was a Japanese supercentenarian who was the oldest verified living person following the death of Nabi Tajima on April 21, 2018 until her own death three months later.

Upon the death of Violet Brown in September 2017, she became the second oldest living person. She would hold the title for six months until become the world's oldest living person.

Miyako was born in the Kanagawa prefecture.

References

1901 births
Japanese supercentenarians
2018 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Constantine II (, Konstantínos II; born 2 June 1940) reigned as the King of Greece, from 1964 until the abolition of the monarchy of Greece in 1973. He is a distant relative of George I of Greece and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

In 1960, aged 20, he won an Olympic gold medal in sailing (dragon class), which was the first Greek gold medal in sailing since the Stockholm 1912 Summer Olympics.

References

Other websites
 Official website of the Greek Royal Family

1940 births
Living people
Olympic gold medalists
Kings of Greece
Virginia Dighero (married Zolezzi, 24 December 1891 – 28 December 2005) was an Italian supercentenarian. On 14 September 2005, she became the longest-lived person of Italian descent ever, having surpassed Amalia Ruggieri Barone, who was an emigrant to the United States. Dighero-Zolezzi died of ischaemia on 28 December 2005.

At the time of her death, she was the oldest ever documented person from Italy at the age of 114 years, 4 days - a title she held for more than five years, until being surpassed by Venere Pizzinato on 28 November 2010. She was also the oldest verified living person in Europe.

References 

1891 births
2005 deaths
Supercentenarians
Italian people
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
George I (, Geórgios I; born Prince William of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg; ; 24 December 1845 – 18 March 1913) was King of Greece from 1863 until his assassination in 1913.

George's reign of almost 50 years (the longest in modern Greek history) was characterized by territorial gains as Greece established its place in pre-World War I Europe. He is the grandfather of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

While out on an afternoon walk near the White Tower on 18 March 1913, he was shot at close range in the back by Alexandros Schinas, who was "said to belong to a Socialist organization" and "declared when arrested that he had killed the King because he refused to give him money". George died instantly, the bullet having penetrated his heart.

References

Other websites
 Vilhelm (Georg I) at the website of the Royal Danish Collection at Amalienborg Palace

1845 births
1913 deaths
Assassinated people
Deaths by firearm
Generals
People from Copenhagen
Kings of Greece
Ricardo Froilán Lagos Escobar (; born 2 March 1936) is a Chilean lawyer, economist and social democrat politician. He served as President of Chile from 2000 to 2006.

Since May 2007 he has served as a Special Envoy on Climate Change for the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and António Guterres.

He teaches political and economic development at Brown University in the United States.

References

Other websites
 Democracy and Development Foundation  
 Extended biography by the CIDOB Foundation 
 BBC Profile: Ricardo Lagos (January 2000)
 Lagos's undergraduate thesis: "The Concentration of Economic Power" 
 The Lagos Legacy and Chile's Upcoming Elections  The Council on Hemispheric Affairs
 Ricardo Lagos Freedom Collection interview

1936 births
Living people
Presidents of Chile
Chilean lawyers
Activists
Chilean economists
Chilean educators
Eduardo Alfredo Juan Bernardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle  (; born June 24, 1941) is a Chilean politician and civil engineer. He was President of Chile from 1994 to 2000. He was also a Senator and later served as President of the Senate from 2006 to 2008.

He ran again for President, but was narrowly defeated in 2009. His father was Eduardo Frei Montalva who was President of Chile from 1964 to 1970.

References

Other websites
Senado's Personal profile
Biography by CIDOB Foundation (in Spanish)
Genealogical chart of Frei-Montalva Family

1941 births
Living people
Presidents of Chile
Chilean engineers
Presidents of the Senate of Chile
With Chronos’ Permit ()  is a novel by Russian writer Andrei Gusev, published in 1995.

Plot
Perestroika started in 1986. That was a period of restructuring in the Soviet Union. Hundreds of scientific workers are no longer needed. The main character of the novel is Ivan Zhuravlev and he is one of such unclaimed experts. He is looking for a new application. From the prestigious physics Zhuravlev goes in for journalism. Later, he uses journalistic contacts and comes in connection with an entrepreneur Boris Iossifovich Sytin. Zhuravlev calls him Ossi. Ossi is a chief of the “Chronos” company. Ossi convinces Zhuravlev to involve in the deal to resell to the West of rare metal osmium. This affair ends tragically for Ivan Zhuravlev – he dies because of the intentional air crash.   

Love to the girl was the best in the short life of Ivan Zhuravlev. Her name is Nastia. In their relationship something is from the famous movies by Claude Lelouch, who always glorifies man and woman created for each other.

Features 
This novel is a mix of a thriller and crime story. Some parts of the novel have a mystical component.

References

Other websites
Russian Wikiquote has the article   С  мандатом Хроноса (With Chronos’ Permit).

Notes
1.  
2. НА ПОРОГЕ  ХХI ВЕКА, Всероссийский ежегодник, М., «Московский Парнас», 2002 (с.92) 
3. Всероссийский ежегодник НА ПОРОГЕ  ХХI ВЕКА, М., «Московский Парнас», 2006  (с.85) 
4. И.С.Горюнова  «Современная русская литература: знаковые имена (статьи, рецензии, интервью)»,  “Litres”, 2015. — 278 c. (М., «Вест-Консалтинг», 2012)  ISBN 5457199517, ISBN 9785457199514

1995 books
Fantasy books
Novels
Rekawka - a Polish folk festival celebrated on the first Tuesday after Easter Sunday in Krakow, on the Krak Mound (also known as Krakus Mound). It is an ancient tumulus, not far from one of the oldest churches in Krakow –  St. Benedict’s church.

History
Rekawka’s beginnings go back to the ancient Slavic springtime celebrations, called Dziady. For ancient Slavs, spring was a time of burning sacred fires to celebrate the dead, and of planting sacred groves. They also had the custom of leaving food for the dead. The Krak Mound might have been one of such places where they held their celebrations.

These ancient Slavic traditions evolved over time, and customs changed. In the 19th century, it was customary for rich citizens of Krakow to throw coins, apples, sweets and boiled eggs down the grassy slope of the Krak Mound to be picked up by poor local people. Some historians see it as a continuation of the Slavic traditions of leaving food for the dead.

The name of the festival
The name of the festival, Rekawka, might go back to the times of a legendary Slavic prince, Krak (or, Krakus).  The legend says that Krak was the founder of the city of Kraków, and a great ruler. After his death, the people of Kraków built a high mound in his honour. To build the mound, they were carrying up the earth in their sleeves (Polish rekaw – sleeve) – and, that is why the festival is called Rekawka. 

However, the festival’s name might also come from the Old Slavic words raka, rakev, meaning grave or burial. While excavating the mound, archaeologists found man-made objects from many different cultures and different periods – from the Stone Age to modern times. And, they also found some burial remains. These finds give evidence to the Old Slavic origin of the mound’s name.

Rekawka in modern times

Nowadays, Rekawka has a popular, folk character. If the weather is warm and sunny, it can be an occasion for a pleasant family outing. There are stalls selling sweets and toys, merry-go-rounds, and street musicians. More recently, the festival has been featuring medieval knights fighting each other in mock duels,and medieval craftsmen at work. There is also an opportunity to taste traditional dishes such as kołacze.

References

Festivals in Europe
Kraków
Hon-Kawagoe Station (本川越駅, ほんかわごええき) is a railway station of Seibu in Kawagoe, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. This station is the neareset station of Koedo.

Adjacent stations 
Seibu
 Seibu Shinjuku Line
Koedo limited express, Commuter express
Sayamashi - Hon-Kawagoe
Express, Semi Expless, Local
Minami-Ōtsuka - Hon-Kawagoe

Related pages 
 Kawagoeshi Station
 Kawagoe Station

Other websites 

 Hon-Kawagoe Station (Official Site) 

Railway stations in Saitama Prefecture