cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
John Henry Newman,  (21 February 1801 – 11 August 1890) was an important person in Victorian Christianity in England. He was part of the Oxford Movement in Anglicanism which pushed for a more Catholic faith. He finally converted to the Roman Catholic Church in 1845. He was made a cardinal. He was beatified in 2010. He wrote many books, including an autobiography, and The Dream of Gerontius.

Early life and education
Newman was born on 21 February 1801 in the City of London,

Evangelical
At the age of 15, during his last year at school, Newman was converted, an incident of which he wrote in his Apologia that it was "more certain than that I have hands or feet".

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 Newman reader

Writings
 
 
 

1801 births
1890 deaths
19th-century English philosophers
Academics of the University of Oxford
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Anglican priests
Beatified people
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Christian hymnwriters
Christian saints
Christian theologians
Christian writers
Christology
Deaths from pneumonia
English Anglicans
English poets
English priests
English Roman Catholics
English theologians
Roman Catholic priests
Venerated Catholics
Writers from London
The 2013 Stockholm riots started on May 19, 2013 in the Husby area of Stockholm, Sweden. The riots led to several injuries. They happened in response to the fatal shooting of a 69-year-old man by Stockholm police. The incident was ongoing as of May 28.

Stockholm riots
2013 in Sweden
2010s in Stockholm
Riots
Joseph Campbell (March 26, 1904 – October 30, 1987) was a writer known for his work on myth and religion.

Quotes
"I think the person who takes a job in order to live- that is to say, for the money- has turned himself into a slave."

Other websites
Folkstory biography

Writers from New York
1904 births
1987 deaths
Martial law is when a government temporarily imposes the control of the military on an emergency basis, such as foreign invasion, rioting, or natural disaster. It is usually imposed if the civilian government fails to function properly. Military forces may be deployed for various purposes such as to stop looting, maintain order, impose a curfew, and secure buildings of the government.

Law
Military
The cricket teams of Bangladesh and Canada have competed against each other in ODIs since 2003 World Cup. They have met on 2 occasions. Bangladesh and Canada both won in 1 games

Summary of results

List of ODIs

Key

 (D/L) denotes that the Duckworth–Lewis method was used in the match
 # denotes that the team batting second were chasing a revised target

Related pages 
Bangladesh national cricket team
Canada national cricket team

References

Other websites 
ESPNcricinfo

Cricket lists
Cricket in Bangladesh
Sport in Canada
Saturnalia is an extinct genus of basal prosauropod  dinosaur from the Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The deposits are dated to the early Upper Triassic, about 225 million years ago (mya). The dinsaur grew to about 1.5 meters (5 ft) long.

Phylogeny
The primitive nature of Saturnalia, and its mixture of sauropodomorph and theropod characteristics, has made it difficult to classify. 

The first (1999) description of the genus assigned it to the Sauropodomorpha. However, in a 2003 paper, Langer noted that features of its skull and hand were more similar to the sister group of sauropodomorphs, the theropods, and that Saturnalia could be considered a member of the sauropodomorph "stem-lineage", rather than a true member of that group. 

José Bonaparte and colleagues, in a 2007 study, found Saturnalia to be very similar to the primitive saurischian Guaibasaurus. Bonaparte placed the two in the same family, Guaibasauridae. Like Langer, Bonaparte found that these forms may have been primitive sauropodomorphs, or an assemblage of forms close to the common ancestor of the sauropodomorphs and theropods. Overall, Bonaparte found that both Saturnalia and Guaibasaurus were more theropod-like than prosauropod-like. However, all more recent cladistic analyses found it to be a very basal sauropodomorph,

References

Dinosaurs of South America
Triassic dinosaurs
Year 360 (CCCLX) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and Iulianus (or, less often, year 1113 Ab urbe condita). The number 360 for this year has been used since the early Middle Ages, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the main method in Europe for naming years.

Events 
 By place 

 Roman Empire 
 February – Julian, Roman Caesar, is proclaimed emperor by the Gallic legions in Lutetia (modern Paris) at the Thermes de Cluny. They refuse to support the eastern campaign against king Shapur II of Persia and revolted.
 The Alamanni raid Raetia (Switzerland), but are pushed back behind the Rhine and into the Black Forest by Julian.
 King Shapur II continues his campaign against the Roman fortresses. His armies capture Singara, Bezabde and Nisibis.
 Emperor Constantius II and Julian send several letters to each other. They are both hoping to avoid a civil war.

 Europe 
 Thousands of Huns invade Europe. They spread terror as they take over territories held for generations by Alans, Heruls, Ostrogoths and Visigoths.

 Asia 
 Japan begins a 30-year period of great influence in Korea.

 By topic 

 Agriculture 
 Roman authorities in Britain export wheat to supply the legions on the Rhine. They have encouraged production of wheat for that purpose.

 Religion 
 First Council of Constantinople: Emperor Constantius II requested a church council, at Constantinople, and both the eastern and western bishops attend the meeting. Wulfila also attends the council and endorses the resulting creed. After the council, several homoiousian bishops are deposed or banished, including Macedonius I of Constantinople and Cyril of Jerusalem.

Births 
 John Cassian, Desert Father and Christian saint (approximate date)
 Saint Mesrob, Armenian monk and theologian (approximate date)
 Saint Ninian, missionary to Scotland (approximate date)
 Tao Sheng, Chinese Buddhist scholar (approximate date)
 Wang Fahui, empress during the Jin Dynasty (d. 380)

Deaths 
 Eustathius of Antioch, Patriarch of Antioch (approximate date)
 Murong Jun, emperor of the Former Yan (b. 319)
Misery is a 1990 American psychological horror thriller movie set in Colorado. It is based on Stephen King's 1987 novel of the same name. The movie stars James Caan, Kathy Bates, Lauren Bacall, Frances Sternhagen, and Richard Farnsworth. It was directed by Rob Reiner.

Bates plays an abusive woman psychopath who imprisons and tortures a novelist (Caan) in her rural home. She does this after he accidentally crashes his car and she pretends that she is going to look after him until he recovers from his injuries.

Bates won the Academy Award for Best Actress. The movie was well received by critics and audiences. King has stated that Misery is one of his top ten favorite movie adaptations.

References

1990 crime movies
1990 thriller movies
1990s crime thriller movies
Academy Award winning movies
American crime thriller movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
Movies based on books by Stephen King
Movies directed by Rob Reiner
Movies set in Colorado
Edward "Tug" Wilson (1921-2009) was a British colonel. He started the Abu Dhabi Defense Force. He was also really good friends with Sheikh Zayed.

Early life

He was born on January 18, 1921 in West Hartepool, Yorkshire in England. His birth name was Edward Bearby Wilson. Tug was a nickname. He attended Constantine College. In 1945 he was a wireless operator at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He liked to play rugby and cricket.

Military work

He started working in the Worcestershire Regiment. He then worked for the 1st Battalion of the British Army of the Rhine. Then he worked for the 2nd Division Signal Regiment. He was a part of the Berlin airlift and the Malayan Emergency. He went to Korea and in 1952 moved to Hara Mura, Japan to teach British soldiers at the Battle School. A grenade blew up while he was teaching soldiers and he hurt his shoulder. 

He became a Major. In 1961 he started looking over a squadron of the Trucial Oman Scouts. He was working at the Buraimi Oasis, Al Ain. He became good friends with Sheikh Zayed after the Sheikh became ruler of the United Arab Emirates. During this time Wilson founded the Abu Dhabi Defense Force. He was leader of that force until 1968.

Retirement and death

He left Abu Dhabi in 1969. He started teaching at the Old Royal Naval College. Then he taught at the Staff College, Camberley. He retired from the Army in 1971. He started a trout fish farm. Wilson then moved back to Abu Dhabi, at the invitation of Sheikh Zayed, to run the royal stables. He ran the stables until the Sheikh died. He participated in the London To Peking Motor Challenge in 1990. He was awarded the Abu Dhabi Award. He died on January 2, 2009.

References

1921 births
2009 deaths
British Army people
People from Yorkshire
Zhaocheng Jin Tripitaka is a Buddhist canon from the Jin Dynasty. It is written in the Chinese language.

It was first called the Jin Triptaka. It was written at the Tianning Temple around the year 1149. A woman named Cui Fazhen and some of her friends gave the money to make the book. Kublai Khan brought it to the Guangsheng Temple. It was found there in 1933. The canon was renamed Zhaocheng Jin Tripitaka because the Guangsheng Temple is located in Zhaocheng.

The canon has about 7,000 chapters. It's the biggest book published in the Jin Dynasty. It has some canons and sections that are not found in later copies of the book.

References

Spiritual books
Buddhist texts
1149
Chinese culture
Massasoit  (c. 15811661),
was the Native American leader of the Wampanoag and "Massasoit" tribes.  His name means Great Leader.

Early years
Massasoit was born in a Pokanoket village at the site of today's Rhode Island. His village was near a spring of water which is named after him.  He was liked by seven leaders.  In March 1621, a Native American named Samoset entered Plymouth Colony and said to the Pilgrims in English, "Welcome Englishmen".  He had learned some words from the English fishermen and traders that had visited his tribe. He said he was sent by Massasoit, “the greatest leader of the country.” After a few days, Massasoit came in person and was received with great friendship. 

Massasoit made a treaty with the Pilgrims.  They promised to protect each other against unfriendly Native Americans. They  promised not to hurt each other.  They also promised to help each other as friends. Massasoit told the pilgrims that there was much sickness where the colonist were now living and that many had died. The treaty was kept as long as Massasoit lived.

Peace treaty 

Massasoit helped the people of Plymouth Colony in many ways, including how to plant corn.  He became friends with the all of the colonial leaders.

Children
During this time, Massasoit had five children.  His oldest son, "Moanam" or Wamsutta, died within a year after his father, and his brother Metacom (Philip) became chief in 1662.

Alliance
There was some bad feeling for a time when the Plymouth leaders refused to give up Squanto to Massasoit.  He believe that Squanto had betrayed him.  This was settled when Edward Winslow visited him in March 1623. Massasoit was ill and Winslow took care of him.  After he got better, Massasoit said the English are my friends and love me. He also said that while he lives he would never forget the kindness they have showed me."

The Wampanoag and the English maintained a friendship until Massasoit's death. During this time, Massasoit sold lands to the English that they needed. When Roger Williams, was sent away from the Massachusetts colony, he spent many weeks with Massasoit. Massasoit was friendly and honest and always kept his word. He warned the pilgrims of any Native Americans who were not their friends.

Massasoit died as early as 1660.  When he died, his son Wamsutta became chief. When Wamsutta died Metacom (Philip) took his place. Of Massasoit's five children, the only child to survive King Philip's War in 1676 was his daughter, Amie, wife of Tispaquin.

References
"Native People" (page), "Massasoit (Ousamequin) Sachem" (section), MayflowerFamilies.com, webpage: MFcom-Native .

Nathaniel Philbrick, Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War, New York 2006.

In fiction
Massasoit was a character in "The Mayflower Voyagers", a 1988 episode of the Peanuts television series, This is America, Charlie Brown. 

At the beginning of the 1995 movie adaptation of Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, Massasoit dies and his tribe cremates him.

Notes

1581 births
1661 deaths
Native American people
People from Rhode Island
Plymouth Colony
Hang 'Em High is a 1968 American Western movie directed by Ted Post and produced and co-written by Leonard Freeman. It stars Clint Eastwood as Jed Cooper, an innocent man who survives being hanged, Inger Stevens as a widow who helps him, Ed Begley as the leader of the gang that tried to hang him, and Pat Hingle as the judge who hires Jed as a US Marshal.

1968 movies
1960s western movies
American western movies
American crime movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Ted Post
Body Language is the ninth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue. It was recorded during the summer of 2003 in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Spain, and released on 20 November 2003 by Parlophone. The album contains three official singles, "Slow", "Red Blooded Woman" and "Chocolate".

Track listing

Other websites 
Body Language on Kylie Minogue's official website 

2003 albums
Kylie Minogue albums
Dance-pop albums
Fabián Ernesto Alarcón Rivera (born April 14, 1947) was President of Ecuador from 6 February 1997 to 9 February 1997 and from February 11, 1997 to August 10, 1998.

Alarcón was born in Quito. He was head of the Congress from 1991 to 1992 and then again from August 1995 to February 1997, when he was made acting president due to the impeachment of President Abdalá Bucaram.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1947 births
Living people
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
Gustavo José Joaquín Noboa Bejarano (21 August 1937 – 16 February 2021) was an Ecuadorian politician. He was the 42nd President of Ecuador from 22 January 2000 to 15 January 2003. Before, he was the Vice President during Jamil Mahuad's government from 1998 to 2000.

Noboa was born on 21 August 1937 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He was married to María Isabel Baquerizo. In March 2006, Noboa was put under house arrest for mishandling Ecuador's foreign debt.

Noboa died at a hospital in Miami, Florida from a heart attack while having brain cancer surgery on 16 February 2021, aged 83.

References

1937 births
2021 deaths
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Vice Presidents of Ecuador
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People with cancer
James Whale (22 July 1889 – 29 May 1957) was an English movie director, theatre director, and actor. He is best remembered for his horror movies. These include Frankenstein (1931), The Old Dark House (1932), The Invisible Man (1933) and Bride of Frankenstein (1935). He also directed the movie musical Show Boat (1936). 

Whale was born into a large family.  Early on, he discovered his artistic talent and studied art. With the outbreak of World War I, Whale joined the British Army. He became an officer. He was captured by the Germans. During his time as a prisoner of war, he became interested in theatre. After the war, he became an actor, set designer, and director. He moved to the United States to direct a Broadway play, and then moved to Hollywood to direct movies. 

Whale lived in Hollywood for the rest of his life with his longtime companion, producer David Lewis. Whale directed a dozen movies for Universal Studios between 1930 and 1936, developing a style influenced by German Expressionism.

After string of movies failures, Whale's directing career was over by 1941. He continued to direct for the stage, painted, and travelled. His retirement years were comfortable until strokes in 1956 left him in pain. Whale committed suicide on 29 May 1957 by drowning himself in his backyard swimming pool.

Other websites 

1889 births
1957 deaths
Actors from Worcestershire
Deaths by drowning
English LGBT people
English movie actors
English movie directors
English stage actors
Gay men
Suicides by drowning
Suicides in the United States
Set designers
Cash Cab is an American television game show. It airs on the Discovery Channel. It started on December 5, 2005, and ended 2012. It is hosted by Ben Bailey. It takes place in New York City.

Gameplay
Potential contestants enter a taxi driven by Bailey. When they get in and say where they want to go, they are made aware that they are in the Cash Cab through ceiling lights and music, followed by Bailey's greeting. They are then asked if they want to play. If they do not want to play, they can get out of the taxi. If they do want to play, they have to stay in the taxi until they reach where they want to go or get three strikes.

Contestants who play are asked a series of questions by Bailey. The first four questions are worth $50, the next four are worth $100, and questions after that are worth $200. In the first two seasons, the questions were worth $25, $50, and $100. If a contestant answers a question wrong, they get a strike. If the contestant gets three strikes, they have to get out of the taxi no matter where they are. Contestants have two helps known as "Shout-Outs." The first Shout-Out is the Mobile Shout-Out, which lets the contestant call someone they know for help. The call can take up to 15 seconds. The other Shout-Out is the Street Shout-Out, where Bailey pulls over the taxi, and the contestant can ask someone on the street for help.

When the taxi has to stop at a red light and the contestant has at least $200, a "Red Light Challenge" is played. A question will be given that has more than one correct answer. The contestant has 30 seconds to give all of the correct answers to the question. If the contestant does so, they get $250. If the 30 second time limit runs out, the contestant doesn't get a strike. Most games have only one Red Light Challenge, but starting in the fourth season, some games have more than one. The second is played if the contestant has at least $1,000.

If the contestant gets to where they wanted to go without getting three strikes, they have a choice: they can leave the taxi and keep the money they won, or risk it on a Video Bonus question. If they decide to play the Video Bonus question, a clip is played, and a question is asked based on it. If the contestant answers correctly, their money is doubled. If they give a wrong answer, they lose all of their money.

Starting in the fourth season, some games are Double Ride games. The first four questions are worth $100, the next four are worth $200, and questions after are worth $400. The Red Light Challenge is worth $500.

Other versions
In 2007, a spin-off, Cash Cab: After Dark, started. Contestants were picked up near or after sunset, as well as overnight. The questions were worth double the amount of Cash Cab, and the questions were harder.

Another spin-off, Cash Cab: Chicago, started during Cash Cab'''s sixth season. It was hosted by Beth Melewski and used the same rules as the New York Cash Cab''. It ended after one season.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 

2005 television series debuts
Television game shows
Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu (22 January 1971 – 25 July 2017), often known simply as Gurrumul, was an indigenous Australian musician. He was best known as a singer. Most of his songs are sung in Galpu, Gumatj or Djambarrpuyngu, which are all languages of the Yolngu people of northeastern Arnhem Land. He plays the guitar, drums, keyboards and yidaki (didgeridoo).

Gurrumul was born at Galiwin'ku, on Elcho Island, off the coast of Arnhem Land. He belongs to the Gumatj clan of the Yolngu, and his mother is from the Galpu clan. He was born blind. Although a few of his songs are written and sung in English, he does not speak the language. He is also said to be very shy, and does not normally speak during performances.

Gurrumul was a founding member of the band Yothu Yindi. He played in this band for almost ten years, until 1995. He formed Saltwater Band a few years later and remains their lead singer. He released his first solo album, Gurrumul, in 2008. It was highly successful, and won several awards. It peaked at #3 on the ARIA Charts and #1 on the independent chart. Gurrumul was nominated for four ARIA awards, and won two of them (Best World Music Album and Best Independent Release). He also won three Deadly Awards: Artist of the Year, Album of the Year for Gurrumul and Single of the Year for "Gurrumul History (I Was Born Blind)". At the Independent Music Awards, he won Best New Independent Artist, as well as Best Independent Release and Best Independent Blues/Roots Release for Gurrumul. He won the award for Best Independent Blues and Roots Album again in 2011, for Rrakala.

Yunupingu died at Royal Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory on 25 July 2017 of kidney and liver failure. He was aged 46.

Discography
Studio albums
 Gurrumul (2008)
 Rrakala (2011)

References

Other websites

Official website

Video of Gurrumul performing at YouTube
Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu  at Skinny Fish Music
Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu  at the Black Arm Band Company

1970 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Deaths from liver failure
Disease-related deaths in Australia
Indigenous Australian musicians
Musicians from the Northern Territory
Australian singers
Didgeridoo players
Australian guitarists
Looptroop Rockers is a reggae, hiphop and electro band from Västerås, Sweden, they sing in both English and Swedish but mostly English. The band's former name was just Looptroop.

The band has 9 albums and some EPs. The members of the group are Promoe, Supreme. Embee and CosM.I.C, the producers is DvsG (David vs. Goliath) and Burning Heart Records. The band were created in 1991 by Promoe and Embee, the band was complete in 1996. Now it’s the biggest Swedish export in Hiphop.

The name Looptroop comes from loops (the beat is repeating over and over till the end of the song) and ‘troop’ stands for Freedom Writers because they sing about the government.

Albums
 2000 – Modern Day City Symphony (2LP/CD)
 2000 – Modern Day City Symphony Instrumentals (LP)
 2002 – The Struggle Continues (2LP/CD)
 2002 – The Struggle Continues Instrumentals (LP)
 2005 – Fort Europa (2LP/CD)
 2005 – Fort Europa Instrumentals (LP)
 2008 – Good Things (2LP/CD)
 2011 – Professional Dreamers (2LP/CD)
 2013 – Mitt Hjärta Är En Bomb (2LP/CD)

Singles
 Don't Hate the Player (2002)
 Fly Away (2002)
 Looptroopland (2002)
 Long Arm of the Law (2000)
 Ambush in the Night (1999)
 Schlook from Birth (1998)
 Heads or Tails (1998)
 From Beyond K-Line (1998)
 The Way Beyond (1998, mixtape)
 From the Waxcabinet (1996)
 Unsigned Hype (1997)
 Punx Not Dead (1999, MC)
 From the Waxcabinet (1996, MC)
 Threesicksteez (1995, MC)
 Superstars (1993, MC)

Swedish musical groups
Reggae bands
Hip hop bands
Electronic music bands
1990s music groups
1991 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Sweden
An eyespot is a simple organ in biology used to detect light. It may be called an ocellus, or pigment pit. They are quite common in small, simple invertebrates, such as Planaria. They do not have lenses or any means of focussing. Therefore, they can sense light from dark, but do not give the animal a visual scene as our eyes do.

In many simple animals the eyespot senses light with a pigment molecule called an opsin. Then a nerve fibre goes from the eyespot to the simple nervous system. This allows the animal to move in response to (for example) a shadow passing over it.

Eyespots also occur in single-celled protists like Euglena and Chlamydomonas, where it is connected to the flagellum. This allows the information from the light patch to influence the cells's movement.

The first fossils of eyes that have been found to date are from the early Cambrian period (about 540 million years ago). This period saw a burst of apparently rapid evolution, called the "Cambrian explosion". One idea is that the evolution of eyes started an arms race which led to a rapid spate of evolution. Much earlier than this organisms would have used light spots for light sensitivity, but did not have a visual scene for rapid navigation.

References 

Vision
Predator is a 1987 American science fiction horror/action movie. It was directed by John McTiernan. The movie stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, Carl Weathers, Jesse Ventura, and Kevin Peter Hall. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. The story follows a special forces team, led by 'Dutch' (Arnold Schwarzenegger).

They are on a mission to rescue hostages in Central America. The group does not know that they are being hunted by a technologically advanced alien, the Predator. Predator was written by Jim and John Thomas in 1985. Filming began in April 1986.

Production 
The movie cost about $15 million to make. It was released in the United States on June 12, 1987. Predator made $98,267,558 at the box office. At first, the reviews to Predator were negative. Much of this was because of a weak plot.  Two sequels, Predator 2 (1990) and Predators (2010) were made. There have also been two movies with the Alien franchise. These are Alien vs. Predator (2004) and Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007).

Release Dates

Cast
 Arnold Schwarzenegger as Major Alan "Dutch" Schaefer.
 Carl Weathers as George Dillon, a former teammate of Dutch and a CIA agent.
 Elpidia Carrillo as Anna, a guerrilla, captured by Dutch's troops.
 Richard Chaves as Jorge "Poncho" Ramirez.
 Jesse Ventura as Blain Cooper, who fought with Mac in the Vietnam War.
 Bill Duke as Mac Eliot, a close friend of Blain's.
 Sonny Landham as Billy Sole, a Native American tracker.
 Shane Black as Rick Hawkins, the team's radio operator.
 R. G. Armstrong as Major General Homer Phillips, the coordinator of the mission.
 Kevin Peter Hall as The Predator. Hall also plays the end scene helicopter pilot. Peter Cullen did the voice of the Predator.

Box office 
Predator was #1 at the US box office in its opening weekend with a gross of $12 million. Only Beverly Hills Cop II made more money in 1987. The movie earned a total of $98,267,558. Of this, $59,735,548 was from the US & Canadian box office. $38,532,010 was made overseas.

References

Other websites 

 
 

1987 horror movies
1987 action movies
1987 science fiction movies
American science fiction movies
American action movies
20th Century Fox movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by John McTiernan
Predator movies
Movies set in North America
Jungle movies
Tor Johnson (born Tor Johansson, 19 October 1903 – 12 May 1971) was a Swedish professional wrestler and movie and television actor. During his wrestling career, he was billed as the Super-Swedish Angel.  

Johnson was born in Sweden, the son of Karl J. Johansson and Lovisa Petersson. He began appearing in movies in 1934, usually as boxers or wrestlers. In the 1940s, he played lumbering thugs and scowling plug-uglies. He appeared with Bob Hope and Bing Crosby in Road to Rio (1947), in Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion (1950), and with Shirley Jones in the movie version of Carousel (1956). 

He is best known though for his appearances in the low budget movies directed by Ed Wood. He played Lobo in Bride of the Monster and Night of the Ghouls, and the zombified Inspector Clay in Plan 9 from Outer Space. 

In the early 1960s, he had guest appearances as wrestlers, thugs, and circus strongmen in various television series including Peter Gunn, Bonanza, and The Shirley Temple Show. Johnson died in San Fernando, California, from heart failure in 1971. He was buried at the Eternal Valley Memorial Park in Newhall, California.

References

Other websites

Tor Johnson bio on (re)Search my Trash

Swedish movie actors
Swedish television actors 
Professional wrestlers 
Deaths from heart failure
1903 births
1971 deaths
The Colony of Virginia (also known as Virginia Colony) was the first of thirteen colonies in North America. The English first tried to make the Roanoke Colony in 1584. A war delayed resupply until 1890. When the ships arrived, the colonists were gone. The decision to settle Jamestown again came from a group called the Virginia Company of London. Virginia was settled again in 1607 at Jamestown, this time successfully. The Virginia Company had its charter revoked in 1624 for not showing a profit. At that time the colony of Virginia became a crown colony. It became a British colony after 1707.). It remained an English colony until the American Revolution. 

The name Virginia was first applied by Sir Walter Raleigh and Queen Elizabeth I in 1584. After the English Civil War in the mid 17th century, the Virginia Colony was nicknamed "The Old Dominion" by King Charles II. He gave Virginia colony the name for its loyalty to the crown during the era of the Commonwealth of England. When Virginia colony was first settled it was a huge geographic area that was England's claim on all of North America. After the United States was formed, the entire states of West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois, and portions of Ohio were all later created from the territory that was once known in the Colony of Virginia.

References 

18th century in Virginia
Former British colonies
1707 establishments
1700s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
The cricket teams of Bangladesh and West Indies have played against each other in ODIs since 2003. They have met on 14 occasions. West Indies is most successful with 13 victories, Bangladesh have won in only 1 game.

Summary of results

Related pages 
Bangladesh national cricket team
West Indies national cricket team

References

Other websites 
ESPNcricinfo

Cricket lists
Cricket in Bangladesh
Paul Marco (June 10, 1927 – May 14, 2006) was an American actor. He often appeared in movies made by Ed Wood, including the "Kelton Trilogy": Bride of the Monster, Night of the Ghouls and Plan 9 from Outer Space. In this trilogy, he played a bumbling, fearful policeman named Kelton.

Biography
Marco was born in Los Angeles. He took lessons in drama, singing, and dancing at an early age. After graduating from Hollywood High School, he served in the United States Navy during World War II. 

His first known movie role was a small part in the 1944 movie Sweet and Low-Down with Benny Goodman. In the early 1950s, The Amazing Criswell predicted on national television that Paul Marco would go far in the movie business. Criswell introduced Marco to Ed Wood. In turn, Marco introduced Ed Wood to Bunny Breckinridge, a gay Shakespearean actor. Breckinridge lived with Marco for a time and co-starred in Wood's Plan 9 from Outer Space.

Marco depended on Wood for parts. He more or less retired as an actor as Ed Wood's movies shifted more and more towards pornography. In 1995, Marco recorded "Home on the Strange", in which he reprised his Kelton character for Dionysus Records. He revived Kelton once more in the 2005 science fiction satire/tribute film The Naked Monster. On May 14, 2006, Paul Marco died after a battle with hip problems and chronic illness. He was 78.

Movie list

References
Sloan, Will. (April 2005). "Can Your Heart Stand the Shocking Facts About Kelton the Cop A/K/A Paul Marco?" Filmfax, pp. 88-89

Notes

Other websites
Paul Marco's official website

Keltonsdarkcorner.com 

American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1927 births
2006 deaths
The Catalan independence or separatism is a political movement that supports the independence of Catalonia or the Catalan countries from Spain and France. The Catalan independence movement began in the 19th century. The separatists believe that Catalonia is a nation. Catalonia has its own language (Catalan language) and culture (Catalan culture).

During the Francisco Franco dictatorship, Catalans and the Catalan language were oppressed. Recently, the number of people who support Catalan independence has increased. In 2012 there was a demonstration in Barcelona with 1.500.000 people. The majority of the parliament in Catalunya wants to have a referendum on independence, and 55% identify as separatists.

The Estelada flag is the symbol of the Catalan independence movement.

References 

Catalonia
Nationalism
Politics of France
Politics of Spain
Jalil Zandi (2 May 1951 – 1 April 2001) was an Iranian flying ace in the Iran-Iraq War. He was an F-14 Tomcat pilot. He had the most victories in the air combat in the Iran-Iraq War: 11 victories ( 8 confirmed victories and 3 probable victories). His victories include 4 MiG-23s, 2 Su-22s, 2 MiG 21s and 3 Mirage F1s). He was also the most successful F-14 pilot ever.

He had the rank of brigadier general.

He died with his wife Zahra Mohebshahedin in 2001 in a car accident near Tehran. He is buried in Behesht-e Zahra cemetery in the south of Tehran.

References 

1951 births
2001 deaths
Aviators
Generals
Iranian military people
Road accident deaths
A cellular automaton is a model used in computer science and mathematics. The idea is to model a dynamic system by using a number of cells. Each cell has one of several possible states. With each "turn" or iteration the state of the current cell is determined by two things: its current state, and the states of the neighbouring cells. 

A very famous example of a cellular automata is Conway's Game of Life. Stanislaw Ulam and John von Neumann first described cellular automata in the 1940s. Conway's Game of Life was first shown in the 1970s.

Biology

Some biological processes occur—or can be simulated—by cellular automata.

The patterns of certain seashells  are generated by natural cellular automata. Examples can be seen in the genera Conus and Cymbiola. The pigment cells are in a narrow band along the shell's lip. Each cell secretes pigments according to the activating and inhibiting activity of its neighbor pigment cells, obeying a natural version of a mathematical rule. The cell band leaves the colored pattern on the shell as it grows slowly. For example, the widespread species Conus textile bears a pattern resembling Wolfram's rule 30 cellular automaton.

Plants regulate their intake and loss of gases via a cellular automaton mechanism. Each stoma on the leaf acts as a cell.

Moving wave patterns on the skin of cephalopods can be simulated with a two-state, two-dimensional cellular automata, each state corresponding to either an expanded or retracted chromatophore.

Threshold automata have been invented to simulate neurons, and complex behaviors such as recognition and learning can be simulated.

Fibroblasts are similar to cellular automata, as each fibroblast only interacts with its neighbors.

References

Related pages 
 Automaton

Computer science
Mathematics
Heniek "Henry" Morgentaler, CM (March 19, 1923 – May 29, 2013), was a Polish-born Canadian physician and pro-choice activist who fought many legal battles about expanding abortion rights in Canada. When he was young during World War II, Morgentaler was imprisoned at the Łódź Ghetto and later at the Dachau concentration camp. He survived the Holocaust.

He was a humanist and received the Order of Canada in 2008.

Morgentaler was born on March 19, 1923 in Łódź, Poland. He was married to Chava Rosenfarb from 1945 until they divorced in 1975. Morgentaler died on May 29, 2013 in Toronto, Canada from a heart attack, aged 90.

References

Other websites

The Morgentaler Clinic
The Morgentaler Decision turns 20, National Review of Medicine, 2008-01-15 (accessed 2011-08-30)
Abortion crusader deeply divides Canadian society (2009-01-14) CBC
Abortion rights: significant moments in Canada's history (2009-05-21) CBC
CBC Digital Archives – Dr. Henry Morgentaler: Fighting Canada's Abortion Laws
Supreme Court of Canada, R v. Morgentaler (1988) (1 S.C.R. 30) 
CBC: Abortion law ruled unconstitutional (January 28, 1988)

1923 births
2013 deaths
Abortion-rights activists
Canadian activists
Canadian Jews
Canadian physicians
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Holocaust survivors
Humanists
Jewish activists
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Order of Canada
People from Łódź
Polish Jews
Andrew M. Greeley (February 5, 1928 – May 29, 2013) was an American Roman Catholic priest, educator, sociologist, journalist, philanthropist, and popular author.

Greeley was born on February 5, 1928 in Oak Park, Illinois to an Irish family. He was raised a Catholic. Greeley studied at Archbishop Quigley Preparatory Seminary and at St. Mary of the Lake Seminary. He retired in 2009 after an injury.

Greeley suffered skull fractures in a fall in 2008 when his clothing got caught on the door of a taxi as it pulled away; he was hospitalized in critical condition. He remained in poor health. Greeley died on May 29, 2013 at his Chicago home. He was 85.

References

Other websites
Official website
Andrew M. Greeley's page at Macmillan.com
Greeley/Bernardin/Kennedy controversy: a description of the conflict between Greeley, Joseph Bernardin and the writer Eugene Kennedy, by a Greeley partisan 

1928 births
2013 deaths
Accidental deaths in Chicago
Roman Catholic priests
Educators from Illinois
American sociologists
American philanthropists
American Roman Catholics
Writers from Illinois
Journalists from Illinois
People from Oak Park, Illinois
Coriaria ruscifolia are shrubs or small trees with bright red fruits like berries. The fruits and the leaves are very poisonous.

Common names
This species has many names in Latin America. Some of them are:
 Chile: deu, dehue-lahuen, deó, hiuque, matarratones ("kill mice"), veu.
 Peru: mio-mio, saca-saca, mio venenosa, raqui-raqui
 Ecuador: piñán, shanshi, shanchi or zhanzhi, tinta.
 Colombia: reventadera; barbasco, chanchi, mortiño borrachero.
 Venezuela: tisís, helecho de playa, helecho uvite.
 Guatemala: moco tinto, moco de chompipe.
 Mexico: helecho de tierra, tlalocopetate, tlalocopatlat.

Systematics
Coriaria ruscifolia was described for the first time by Linnaeus in 1753 in Species Plantarum (Vol. 2, page 1037), from a plant from Peru.

The species is divided in two subspecies:
 C. ruscifolia subsp. ruscifolia
 C. ruscifolia subsp. microphylla (Poir.) L. E. Skog, with two synonyms:
C. microphylla Poir. 
C. thymifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.

Description
Shrub up to 4 metres high. Dark green leaves on the top and pale gray on the underside. Flowers grouped in terminal inflorescences on lateral branches, sepals are green to red, small petals, yellow or red anthers. Fruits look like berries but they are small nuts (achenes). The fruits are covered by the petals.

The number of chromosomes is 40.

The plants of C. ruscifolia subsp. microphylla can fix nitrogen from the air because they have bacteria in their roots.

Where it grows
C. ruscifolia grows in the Americas and some Pacific Islands:
 C. ruscifolia subsp. ruscifolia: Western slopes of Andes (and other mountain ranges) from Mexico to Peru, western Venezuela, and cool mountains of New Guinea and New Zealand and other Pacific islands.
 C. ruscifolia subsp. microphylla: Central and southern Chile, New Zealand and other Pacific islands.

Uses
It is a very toxic plant. Fruits are hallucinogens exciting the nervous system. The leaves have tannin and serve for tanning (making leather out of skins). It is recommended as an ornamental.

In Chile, the fruits are used mixed with bread to kill mice and rats.

References

Other websites

 Coriaria ruscifolia L. in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
 Coriaria ruscifolia in Encyclopedia of Life - EOL

Cucurbitales
Shrubs
The Little Mermaid () is a statue in Copenhagen, Denmark. It sits on a rock in the harbor. It was inspired by a performance of a ballet based on the fairy tale The Little Mermaid by Hans Christian Andersen. It is  tall.  Sculptor Edvard Eriksen created the bronze statue. It was presented to the public on 23 August 1913.

The statue was the idea of Carl Jacobsen, son of the founder of Carlsberg. He asked ballerina, Ellen Price of Copenhagen's Royal Theatre, to pose for the statue. Only the statue's head was modelled on Price. She did not agree to pose in the nude, so the sculptor's wife, Eline Eriksen, posed for the body.

The Little Mermaid has been the victim of vandalism many times since the 1960s.  Her head has been cut off, and she has had paint poured over her several times. In September 2003, the statue was knocked off its base with explosives. The statue has always been repaired after such acts.

References

Other websites
 
 The Little Mermaid 360 degree QuickTime VR panorama from Copenhagen

Copenhagen
Statues
1913 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Denmark
Dean Kent Brooks (July 22, 1916 – May 30, 2013) or Dean R. Brooks was an American physician and actor.

Early life
Brooks was born on July 22, 1916 in Everett, Washington. He studied at University of Kansas Medical School.

Career
He was the head of the Oregon State Hospital in 1975 when the movie One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest was filmed there, which is why he appeared in the movie. He starred as Dr. John Spivey M.D.. Brooks was the superintendent of Oregon State Hospital for 27 years from 1955 to 1982. Brooks was first licensed in Oregon to practice psychiatry in 1950. He retired from the practice of Psychiatric Medicine in 1999.

Later life
He was married to Ulista Jean Moser until her death in 2006. They had two daughters.

Death
Brooks died on May 30, 2013 in Salem, Oregon from natural causes, aged 96.

References

Other websites
 

1916 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Oregon
Actors from Washington
American movie actors
American physicians
Deaths from natural causes
Scientists from Washington
Thomas is a masculine given name. "Tom" or "Thom" are short versions of Thomas. "Tommy" is commonly used.

Given names
Sondra Locke (May 28, 1944 – November 3, 2018) was an American actress who was known for starring mostly in movies. She starred as Laura Lee in The Outlaw Josey Wales in 1976. The following year, she played Augustina Mally in The Gauntlet (1977). Locke was born in Shelbyville, Tennessee. 

Locke was nominated for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Mick Kelly in The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1968).

Locke died in Los Angeles, California on November 3, 2018 from cardiac arrest complicated by breast and bone cancer, aged 74.

References

Actors from Tennessee
American television actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from breast cancer
Deaths from bone cancer
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
1944 births
2018 deaths
The Gauntlet is a 1977 action movie. It was directed by and stars Clint Eastwood. Eastwood plays Detective Ben Shockley. Sondra Locke plays Augustina Mally. The movie is about an alcoholic police officer and a related prostitute who become caught up in ambushes by corrupt police officers. This movie was got mixed reviews from critics. It earned $36 million. The movie was released in December 1977.

1970s crime drama movies
1977 drama movies
American movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Clint Eastwood
Edward Oakley Thorp (born 14 August 1932) is an American mathematics professor, author, hedge fund manager, and blackjack player. He is best known as the author of Beat the Dealer (1962). This was the first book to prove that the house advantage in blackjack could be overcome by card counting. As part of this work he collaborated with Claude Shannon in creating the first wearable computer in 1961.

Thorp also developed and applied effective hedge fund techniques in the financial markets. He was a pioneer in modern applications of probability theory, including the harnessing of very small correlations for reliable financial gain.

Thorp received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1958, and worked at M.I.T. from 1959 to 1961.  He was a professor of mathematics from 19611965 at New Mexico State University, and then joined the University of California, Irvine where he was a professor of mathematics from 1965 to 1977 and a professor of mathematics and finance from 1977 to 1982.

Stock market
Since the late 1960s, Thorp has used his knowledge of probability and statistics in the stock market by discovering and exploiting a number of pricing in the securities markets. Thorp is currently the President of Edward O. Thorp & Associates, based in Newport Beach, CA.  In May 1998, Thorp reported that his personal investments yielded an annualized 20 percent rate of return averaged over 28.5 years.

Books 
 
 Edward O. Thorp 1967. Beat the market: a scientific stock market system, 1967,  (online version )

References 

American mathematicians
1932 births
Living people
Scientists from Chicago
Maureen Patricia Duffy (born 21 October 1933 in Worthing, Sussex, England) is a British poet, novelist, and writer of plays.

Early life and education 
Duffy graduated from King's College London. Her degree was in English. She became a schoolteacher in 1956. She left that work in 1961. In 1961, she became a fulltime poet and writer of plays. Her first novel was That's How It Was. It was published in 1962. It was praised by critics.

Works 
She has published around thirty books. Her Collected Poems, 1949–84 appeared in 1985. Her work has often used Freudian ideas and Greek Myth as a framework.

She has been active in supporting the rights of homosexuals.  In 1977 she published "The Ballad of the Blasphemy Trial", a broadside against the trial of the Gay News newspaper for "blasphemous libel."

She has also been active in a variety of groups representing the interest of writers.  At one time, she was the President of the European Writers' Congress (renamed European Writers Council in 2008). She was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1985 and awarded their Benson Medal in 2004.  

She is also deeply interested in intellectual property law.

References

Further reading
 Yorke, L. (1999). "British lesbian poetics: a brief exploration". Feminist Review; (62) Summer 1999, pp. 78–90.

Other websites
 Official website
 Maureen Duffy on the GLBTQ Encyclopedia 
 A Duffy bibliography

1933 births
Humanists
English playwrights
English novelists
English poets
English screenwriters
LGBT rights activists
Living people
Writers from Sussex
Beesha Darawiish or Si'iid Harti, also called Reer Darawiish, means the Dhulbahante tribe. The Dhulbahante were called Darwiishes during the colonial era. The Darwiish was the successor state to the Dhulbahante garaadship. The Dhulbahante Garaadship (, ) was a kingdom from 1530 until 1895. Dhulbahante is also a Somali clan known for being the backbone of Darwiish. It is part of the larger Harti Darod clan. They live mainly in Sool, Cayn and Sanaag.

References

Somali people
Ethnic groups in Africa
The New Zealand Cricket team played their first test match against England in 1930. As of October 2021, they are ranked first in the world by the International Cricket Council (ICC).

See
Website

Cricket in Oceania
Sport in New Zealand
1930 establishments
20th-century establishments in New Zealand
Marylebone Cricket Club was founded in 1787 by Thomas Lord. It was one of the most important cricket clubs in the world for much of the history of cricket.

See
MCC website

Cricket in England
Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
1787 establishments
Sports buildings in the United Kingdom
1780s establishments in England