cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the enzyme which does transcription.The 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Roger D. Kornberg for creating detailed molecular images of RNA polymerase during various stages of the transcription process.

With the help of some other molecules, it makes messenger RNA from a strand of a DNA. This is its main function, but it does various other things. Products of RNAP include:
Messenger RNA (mRNA). These are templates for the synthesis of proteins by ribosomes.
Non-coding RNA or "RNA genes". These are a broad class of genes that encode RNA which is not translated into protein. The most important RNA genes are transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), both of which are involved in the process of translation. However, since the late 1990s, many new RNA genes have been found, and thus RNA genes may play a much more significant role than previously thought.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)—transfers specific amino acids to growing polypeptide chains at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)—a component of ribosomes
Micro RNA—regulates gene activity
Catalytic RNA (Ribozyme)—enzymatically active RNA molecules

In eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have various RNAPs in their nuclei, each to synthesis a type of RNA.  All are similar and related to each other and to bacterial RNAP:
RNA polymerase I synthesizes a pre-rRNA which will form the major RNA sections of the ribosome.
RNA polymerase II synthesizes precursors of mRNAs and most snRNA and microRNAs. This is the most studied type. It needs a range of transcription factors to bind it to promoters.
RNA polymerase III synthesizes tRNAs, rRNA 5S and other small RNAs found in the nucleus and cytosol.
RNA polymerase IV synthesizes siRNA in plants.
RNA polymerase V synthesizes RNAs involved in siRNA-directed heterochromatin formation in plants.

Eukaryotic chloroplasts have an RNAP very similar to bacterial RNAP ("plastid-encoded polymerase"). Eukaryotic chloroplasts also have a second, unrelated, RNAP.

Eukaryotic mitochondria contain an unrelated RNAP (member of the "single-subunit RNAP" protein family).

X-ray crystallography of  DNA and RNA polymerases show that, other than having a Mg2+ ion at the catalytic site, they are virtually unrelated to each other. So the two classes of enzyme have arisen independently twice in the early evolution of cells. One line led to the modern DNA polymerases and reverse transcriptases. The other line led to all  modern cellular RNA polymerases.

References 

RNA
Enzymes
Molecular biology
Weronika Książkiewicz (born March 21, 1981) is a Polish movie and television actress.

Early life 
Weronika Książkiewicz born in 1981 in Moscow. Her mother is Polish and her father is Russian. Weronika has a son, Borys Aleksander.

Filmography 
 1999-2005: Lokatorzy as Małgorzata
 2000: Plebania as Ola
 2002-2008: Samo Życie as Ewa
 2003-2004: Glina
 2004: Talki z resztą
 2004: Stacyjka as Iga
 2004: Panienki as Ania
 2004: Clap projekt - Camerimage as dancer
 2004-2008: Kryminalni as Kinga
 2005: Wiedźmy
 2005: Karol: A Man Who Became Pope as Mrs. Waechter
 2005: Zakręcone as Anna
 2006: Oficerowie as Mrs. Wasowska
 2006: Mrok as "Pussi
 2007: Dylematu 5 as Nadia
 2007: Prawo miasta as Jaga
 2008: Little Moscow (2008 film)
 2008: 39 i pół as actress
 2008: BrzydUla as Klaudia
 2008: Londyńczycy as Agnieszka
 2008: I kto tu rządzi as Ewelina
 2008: Rozmowy nocą as Weronika
 2008: Ile waży koń trojański? as Jola
 2009: Rajskie klimaty as Marta
 2009: Złoty środek as Kasia
 2010: Na Wspólnej as Laura
 2011: Hotel 52 as Sylwia
 2011: Los numeros as Iwona
 2011: Chichot losu as Agata
 2011: Linia Życia as Patrycja
 2011: Rezydencja as Julia
 2012: Piąty stadion as Anna
 2016: L'ispettore Coliandro (ITA) - S05E01 as Natasha

Other websites

Entertainers from Moscow
Polish movie actors
Polish television actors
1981 births
Living people
Gameloft S. A. ("SA" means Société anonyme, a French company type) is the world's biggest developer and publisher for mobile games, for example Java-based phones, Android, and iPhone. Its headquarters are in Paris, France. It was founded in the year 1999 by Michel Guillemot, who stepped down as head of the company during mass media company Vivendi's hostile takeover of Gameloft in 2015.

History 
The company was founded in 1999, but it really started to make profits in 2003. At the end of 2007, Gameloft announced that it is now the biggest video game company for mobile devices, with a revenue of 26 million euros. At that moment, more than 4,000 employees were working for Gameloft.

In 2011, Gameloft had a revenue of US$164.4 million. This is an increase of 17% compared to 2010. Its games have been downloaded more than 125 million times.

Further information

Gameloft Live 
Gameloft released a system called "Gameloft Live", a community platform for games. It lets players share their results, create profiles, etc. A free registration is required to use it. Games that support online multiplayer use Gameloft Live as their connection platform.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

Video game companies of Europe
1999 establishments in France
Adolfo Suárez, Madrid-Barajas Airport is Madrid's biggest airport. It is in the district of Barajas, northeast of the centre of Madrid. On March 24, 2014, the Spanish government announced that they will rename the airport after last Prime Minister of Spain Adolfo Suarez.

History 
The airport was originally set up in 1931.  At first it was only a small building. The first terminal, now known as Terminal 2, was built in 1952. Air traffic increased. It was designed by Madrid-based architect Antonio Lamela. Because of this the airport was again expanded in 1971.  Terminal 1 was made.  It was meant for international traffic. In 1997, Terminal 3, then known as Terminal Norte opened.  It was mainly for the Air Shuttle service between Madrid and Barcelona. Terminal 4 was opened, together with its satellite terminal, in February 2006.

Terminals 
The airport has four terminal buildings and a satellite terminal: T1, T2, T3, T4 and T4S. 
The three first are connected. T4 can be reached with a free shuttle bus. The satellite terminal is reachable from the T4 by an underground automatic train.

Statistics

Public transport 
The metro de Madrid underground line 8 stops at terminal T2 and at terminal T4, and a supplement applies for both stops. Renfe commuter trains (Cercanías) on the C-1 line stop at terminal T4. The airport is also connected by bus and coach services to regional and national destinations.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 Official website



Madrid
Airport
Adolfo Suárez
1931 establishments in Europe
1930s establishments in Spain
Jeffrey Leon Bridges (born December 4, 1949) is an American actor. he was born in Los Angeles, California to actor Lloyd Bridges (1913-1998) and actress Dorothy Bridges (née Simpson, 1915-2009). His brother Beau Bridges (born 1941) is also an actor.

Bridges has starred in many movies, including: Starman, The Fisher King, The Vanishing, The Big Lebowski, Arlington Road, The Contender, K-PAX, Seabiscuit, The Door in the Floor, Iron Man, Crazy Heart and True Grit.

In October 2020, Bridges was diagnosed with lymphoma.

References

Other websites 

1949 births
Living people
People with cancer
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Los Angeles
American child actors
Country musicians from California
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
American voice actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Singers from Los Angeles
Don't Say a Word is a 2001 American psychological thriller movie starring Michael Douglas, Brittany Murphy and Sean Bean. It was directed by Gary Fleder and is based on the novel Don't Say a Word by Andrew Klavan.

Douglas plays New York psychiatrist Nathan Conrad, whose daughter is kidnapped by gang leader Patrick Koster (Bean) in order to force him to get catatonic post-traumatic stress disorder psychiatric patient Elisabeth Burrows (Brittany Murphy) to tell him a number which only she knows. Kloster wants that number because it will lead him to the whereabouts of a stolen diamond.

Other websites 

2001 crime movies
2001 thriller movies
2000s crime thriller movies
2000s psychological movies
American crime thriller movies
American psychological movies
English-language movies
Kidnapping in fiction
Mental disorders in fiction
Movies based on books
Movies set in New York
Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle (, abbreviation USK) is the official computer games rating organization in Germany. All ratings by USK are official and fall under law, so you must appreciate them. You have to show the seller your passport if you fall under age restrictions: USK ensures that computer games are only sold to children and young people if the contents of the games have been approved as OK for them.

History 
The USK has been founded in 1994 and has it headquarters in Berlin, Germany. Around 30,000 video games have been checked for approval since the beginning; every year more than 1,000 games are submitted by publishers. USK defines itself as "the strictest age classification rules in the world". The game is not allowed to be sold in Germany if there is no USK verification.

Ratings

Rating procedure 
 Publisher submits game
 Testers play through the game completely
 Tester presents the game to the classification committee
 Game is being discussed
 Voting of the committee
 Permanent representater is making a decision
 Game is being rated and submitted to the publisher
 Publisher accepts or declines (if he declines, game is not being published in Germany)

References 
  USK official website

1994 establishments in Germany
Censorship
Video game ratings
Cultural organizations
Entertainment in Germany
was a  after Jōhei and before Tenryaku.  This period spanned the years from May 938 through April 947. The reigning emperors were  and .

Events of the Tengyō era
 6 April 938 (Tengyō 1, 4th day of the 3rd month):  Ten pairs of roosters were matched-up in cockfights before the emperor.
 938 (Tengyō 1, 4th month):  Many small earthquakes were felt in Heian-kyo from the 10th through the 29th days of this month.
 939 (Tengyō 1, 1st month): Fujiwara no Tadahira celebrated his 60th birthday.
 939 (Tengyō 2, 5th month): Fujiwara no Tsunesuke died.
 939 (Tengyō 2, 12th month):  Taira no Masakado led a armed revolt which is known as 
 941 (Tengyō 4, 7th month) : Fujiwara no Sumitomo died
 941 (Tengyō 4, 11th month): Tadahira was made kampaku.
 944 (Tengyō 7, 11th month):  Fujiwara no Saneyori, the eldest son of Tadahira, was named Minister of the Right (udaijin).
 945 (Tengyō 8, 11th month):  The Fujiwara no Nakahira died at age 71.  He had held the office of Minister of the Left (sadaijin).
 16 May 946 (Tengyō 9, 13th day of the 4th month):  In the 16th year of the reign of Suzaku, the emperor abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by his younger brother, Nariakira-shinnō.
 31 May 946 (Tengyō 9, 28th day of the 4th month): Emperor Murakami's role as monarch was confirmed by ceremonies (the sokui).

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
938 establishments
10th-century establishments in Japan
947 disestablishments
10th-century disestablishments in Japan
Not Going Out is a British television sitcom set in London Docklands. It began on 6 October 2006 and is shown on BBC One. It stars Lee Mack as Lee, who is from Chorley, Lancashire. Megan Dodds plays his Californian landlady Kate in series 1. Sally Bretton plays Lucy, who is brought in at the beginning of series 2 to become Lee's new landlady when Kate moves back to California. Tim Vine plays Timothy - who is Lee's best friend, Kate's ex-boyfriend and Lucy's brother. Tim is written out when he moves to Germany. Lee marries Lucy, they have three children and move to the suburbs.

Other websites 

2006 British television series debuts
2000s British sitcoms
2000s romance television series
2010s British sitcoms
2010s romance television series
2020s sitcoms

BBC television sitcoms
English-language television programs
Romantic comedy television series
Television series about dysfunctional families
Television series about friendship
Television series about marriage
Television series about siblings
Television series about suburbia
Television series set in London
Akinchi, also written as Ekinchi ( / اکينچي) was an Azerbaijan newspaper.  It was made in Baku It was the first newspaper fully printed in the Azerbaijani language. It was also the first newspaper in Russia printed in a Turkic language.  The name means "The Ploughman".

History
Hasan bey Zardabi started the newspaper.  He was a journalist, teacher and scientist. Akinchi was thought to be almost revolutionary because of the language it was made in and that so many people could read it. Zardabi used a simpler form of the Azeri language so more people could read the paper.

The Russian governor of the Caucasus Dmitry Staroselsky liked Zardabi's plans. Staroselsky supported him in starting Akinchi. He was also the one to name the newspaper.  He thought the name would make the authorities think that Akinchi was non-political and about agriculture. In addition to agriculture articles Zardabi wrote about medicine and biology.  There were also stories about the social and cultural state of Muslims in the Caucasus. The first issue of Akinchi was printed on 22 July 1875.

Partly because Staroselsky left, the paper ended on 29 September 1877. There was also little money and few readers. There were only 300 constant readers. The paper helped there be more journalism in Azerbaijan.

References

Other websites
 Several articles from Akinchi  

Newspapers published in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani-language newspapers
1875 establishments
1877 disestablishments
A raion (or rayon) is the name of a way several former Soviet republics are divided. The word is from French rayon which means 'honeycomb, department'. It describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city. It is commonly written in English as "district". Raion also can be used simply as a second division without anything to do with ethnicity or nationality. A raion is usually two steps below the national level.  In smaller countries it could be the first level.

References

Political subdivisions
The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (, ) is a landlocked exclave of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The region covers  with a population of 459,600 bordering Armenia (border ) to the east and north, Iran (border ) to the south and west, and Turkey (border ) to the northwest.

Districts

Nakhchivan has eight administrative divisions. Seven of these are districts, while the capital city is separate.

Famous people from Nakhchivan

Political leaders
 Heydar Aliyev, former President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003) and father of the current President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev (2003–present).
 Abulfaz Elchibey, former President of Azerbaijan (1992–1993)
 Rasul Guliyev, former speaker of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan (1993–1996) and opposition leader
 Christapor Mikaelian, founding member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation
 Stepan Sapah-Gulian, leader of the Armenian Social Democrat Hunchakian Party (19th-20th century)
 Jafar Kuli Khan Nakhchivanski, the founder of the short-lived Republic of Aras
 Ibrahim Abilov, first and only ambassador of Azerbaijan SSR to Turkey
 Garegin Nzhdeh, famous Armenian revolutionary, military leader and political thinker

Religious leaders
 Alexander Jughaetsi (Alexander I of Jugha), Catholicos of All Armenians (1706–1714)
 Hakob Jughaetsi (Jacob IV of Jugha), Armenian Catholicos (1655–1680)
 Azaria I Jughaetsi, Armenian Catholicos of the Holy See of Cilicia (1584–1601)

Military leaders
 Abdurahman Fatalibeyli, Soviet army major who defected to the German forces during World War II
 Ehsan Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian military general
 Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian cavalry general and the only Muslim to serve as General-Adjutant of the Russian Tsar
 Ismail Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian military general
 Kelbali Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian military general
 Jamshid Khan Nakhchivanski, Soviet and Azerbaijani military general

Writers and poets
 M.S. Gulubekov, writer
 Huseyn Javid, poet
 Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, writer and satirist
 Ekmouladdin Nakhchivani, medieval literary figure
 Hindushah Nakhchivani, medieval literary figure
 Abdurrakhman en-Neshevi, medieval literary figure
 Mammed Said Ordubadi, writer
 Heyran Khanum, late medieval poet
 Elşen Hudiyev, contemporary poet and writer
 Mammad Araz, poet

Others
 Vladimir Makogonov, chess International Master and Grandmaster
 Ajami Nakhchivani, architect and founder of the Nakhchivan school of architecture
 Gaik Ovakimian, Soviet Armenian spy
 Ibrahim Safi, Turkish artist
 Rza Tahmasib, Azerbaijani film director

Related pages
Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan
Economic regions of Azerbaijan

References

Caucasus
Autonomous areas
Economic regions of Azerbaijan
A spitting spider is a spider in the family Scytodidae. There are more than 150 species of spitting spider in the world. Spitting spiders are related to the recluse spiders in the Sicariidae family.

The name spitting spider comes from the way these spiders hunt. The spider spits a sticky and poisonous liquid at its prey. The liquid congeals (becomes solid) around the target. When the prey is trapped, the spider bites it to kill it with venom. It then wraps the prey in spider silk like many other spiders do.

A spitting spider attack is very fast. It takes about 1/700th of a second. This kind of spider can spit . The spider spits in a Z pattern and criss-crosses its prey in sticky liquid.

There are five genera of spitting spiders:
 Dictis (China to Australia)
 Scyloxes (Kyrgyzstan)
 Scytodes (worldwide)
 Soeuria (Seychelles)
 Stedocys (Malaysia, Thailand)

Sources 

Spiders
Absheron Rayon, also spelled as Apsheron, is a raion of Azerbaijan.  There is also an Absheron Peninsula, but they are not in the same area.

Absheron was started in 1963 by the Soviet government.  There are lots of historical monuments in Absheron. For example, in the village Aşağı Güzdək there are agricultural tools from the 19th century. In Goradile village, there is Abdurrahman mosque from the 19th century. Mosques from the 18th century are in Məmmədli. Ancient wells which provided water supply to people living in this territory are still used in Aşağı Güzdək and Xirdalan. Tombs from 8th - 18th centuries are also kept: in Fatmai, Digah, Masazir, Hökməli and Saray.

The name Absheron comes from the words 'ap shuran'.  This means 'place of salty water' in an ancient Iranian Azeri language.

References

Abseron
Rayon  is a manufactured reconstituted cellulose fiber. It is made from purified cellulose. This is mainly from wood pulp, which is chemically changed into a soluble compound.  It is then dissolved and forced through a spinneret to produce filaments. These are chemically solidified, resulting in man-made fibres of nearly pure cellulose. Because rayon is manufactured from naturally occurring polymers, it is considered a semi-synthetic fiber.

References 

Chemical compounds
Khizi (Xızı) is a raion of Azerbaijan. Its capital is the village of Xızı. This raion has the smallest number of people in Azerbaijan.  The raion has a large variety of landscapes. On the flat Caspian coast there are irrigated cattle and chicken-breeding lowlands around Shurabad. West of Giläzi, the Xızı road goes through semi-desert landscapes known as the Candy Cane Mountains. Around 10 km west of Xızı town, the green, heavily forested hills around Alti Agach which are the Altyaghach National Park. The national park is home to the rare East Caucasian Tur, a mountain dwelling goat antelope found only in the eastern half of the Caucasus Mountains.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Patricia Jude Francis Kensit (born 4 March 1968) is a British actress, model, and singer. She was born in Hounslow, London to an Irish mother and English father.

Kensit's movie roles include Absolute Beginners, Lethal Weapon 2 and Twenty-One. She acted in soap opera Emmerdale from 2004–2006 and in medical drama Holby City from 2007–2010. 

Kensit was a contestant in the 2010 series of Strictly Come Dancing. She is a housemate in the January 2015 series of Celebrity Big Brother (UK). 

Kensit is a Roman Catholic. She has been married to four musicians: Dan Donovan (1988–1991), Jim Kerr (1992–1996), Liam Gallagher (1997–2000) and Jeremy Healy (2009–2010). The first three marriages ended in divorce. She is separated from her fourth husband. She has two sons - one by Kerr and one by Gallagher.

References

Other websites 

Actors from London
British child actors
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
English movie actors
English pop singers
English Roman Catholics
English singers
English television actors
People from the London Borough of Hounslow
Singers from London
Strictly Come Dancing participants
1968 births
Living people
Lethal Weapon is a 1987 American buddy cop action movie. It was directed by Richard Donner and produced by him and Joel Silver. It was written by Shane Black. It stars Mel Gibson and Danny Glover as LAPD sergeants. Gibson plays narcotics sergeant Martin Riggs and Glover plays homicide sergeant Roger Murtaugh. They are very different from each other. However, they have to work together to stop a gang of heroin smugglers, including characters played by Gary Busey and Mitchell Ryan.

It is the first in a series of four movies.

Cast

Mel Gibson as Martin Riggs
Danny Glover as Roger Murtaugh
Gary Busey as Jack Joshua
Mitchell Ryan as Peter McAllister
Tom Atkins as Michael Hunsaker
Darlene Love as Trish Murtaugh
Jackie Swanson as Amanda Hunsaker
 Traci Wolfe as Rianne Murtaugh
 Damon Hines as Nick Murtaugh
Ebonie Smith as Carrie Murtaugh
Steve Kahan as Captain Murphy
Mary Ellen Trainor as Dr. Stephanie Woods 
Ed O'Ross as Mendez
Lycia Naff as Dixie
Jimmie F. Skaggs as Drug Dealer #1
 Jason Ronard as Drug Dealer #2
Blackie Dammett as Drug Dealer #3
Al Leong as Endo
Jack Thibeau as McCaskey
Grand Bush as Boyette
Henry Brown as Plainclothes Cop

Other websites 

1987 action movies
1980s buddy movies
1980s crime thriller movies
American action movies
American crime thriller movies
Buddy cop movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies about prostitution
Movies set in Los Angeles
Screenplays by Shane Black
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Richard Donner
The Macedonian phalanx is an infantry formation developed by Philip II. It was used by his son Alexander the Great to conquer the Persian Empire. The formation was made up of spearmen carrying 18 to 20 ft (5.56 m) long spears. These were called sarissas. They were two-handed; the smaller shields were slung over the left shoulder. 

The Macedonian phalanx was impregnable from the front, but vulnerable from the sides and back, where it could be attacked by the enemy cavalry. Therefore, the system required protection, which it got from the Macedonian cavalry, which was the most flexible force.
At the start of a battle, Alexander used the phalanx to pin down the enemy. His heavy cavalry would drive the enemy horse from the field, and then charge selected opponents or exposed enemy unit flanks. Then, the phalanx would move against the centre. 

The early Greek city states often fought on narrow valley floors, where cavalry was not so important. Often, there was little or no cavalry. But in the Greco-Persian Wars, the battles were fought on more open land, where cavalry was a great force. An example of this is the Battle of Gaugamela. There, Alexander manoeuvered to the right to prevent a double envelopment from the Persian army. Darius commanded his cavalry on his left flank to check the oblique movement of the Greeks by attacking their cavalry. Alexander's Companion cavalry then charged the weakened enemy center where Darius was posted and were followed by the phalanx formation.

Military terminology
Ancient Greece
There are 283 cities, 108 towns and 19 villages in the state of Florida in the United States. It adds up to 410 incorporated municipalities. They are distributed across 67 counties, in addition to 66 county governments. The government of Jacksonville is the only city council in the state that is also a county government.

Incorporated cities, towns and villages

"Rank" is the place of a municipality on a list ranked from 1–410 by population.
"Year" is the first time a place name was incorporated. If a community was incorporated as a Town, then incorporated as a City, the earliest date is used.

Related pages

 Florida League of Cities
 US Geological Survey: Geographic names in Florida

References

 
Florida municipalities
Florida-related lists
This is a list of cities in Idaho. Population is from the 2010 Census data.

Related pages
Idaho
List of counties in Idaho

References

Idaho-related lists
Idaho
This page is an alphabetical list of cities and towns in Arkansas.

A
Alma
Arkadelphia
Arkansas City
Ash Flat
Ashdown
Atkins
Augusta

B
Bald Knob
Barling
Barton
Batesville
Bauxite
Bearden
Beaver
Bee Branch
Beebe
Bella Vista
Benton
Bentonville
Berryville
Bigelow
Biggers
Bismarck
Black Oak
Black Rock
Bluff City
Blytheville
Boles
Bono
Bonnerdale
Booneville
Boxley
Bradley
Branch
Brinkley
Brookland
Bruno
Bryant
Buffalo City
Bull Shoals
Burlington

C
Cabot
Canehill
Calico Rock
Camden
Carlisle
Carolan
Cave City
Centerton
Charleston
Cherokee Village
Clarendon
Clarksville
Clinton
Conway
Compton
Corning
Cotter
Crossett
Curtis
Cotton Plant
Cushman

D
Danville
Dardanelle
De Queen
De Witt
Decatur
Delaplaine
Dermott
Des Arc
Diamond City
Diaz
Doddridge
Donaldson
Dover
Dumas

E
Egypt
Elaine
El Dorado
Emmet
Enola
Eudora
Eureka Springs
Evening Shade 
England

F
Fayetteville
Fairfield Bay
Faircloth
Farmington
Fifty-Six
Fisher
Flippin
Floral
Fordyce
Forrest City
Fort Smith
Fountain Lake
Fouke
Friendship

G
Gassville
Gentry
Gosnell
Gravette
Greenbrier
Greenwood
Guion
Gurdon
Guy
Genoa

H
Hamburg
Hampton
Hardy
Harrison
Heber Springs
Highland
Holly Mountain
Hope
Hot Springs
Horatio
Hoxie
Harrisburg

J

Jacksonville
Jersey
Jonesboro

K

Keo
Kibler

L
Lake Village
Lake City
Lakeview
Lavaca
Leachville
Lead Hill
Leola
Leslie
Lincoln
Little Rock
Lockesburg
London
Lonoke
Lonsdale
Lowell

M
Madison
Magazine
Magnolia
Malvern
Mammoth Spring
Mansfield
Marianna
Marion
Marked Tree
Marmaduke
Marshall
Marvell
Mayflower
Maumelle
McGehee
Melbourne
Mena
Monticello
Morning Star
Morrilton
Mount George
Mount Holly
Mount Ida
Mount Vernon
Mountain Home
Mountain View
Mountainburg
Mountain Pine

N
Nashville
Natural Steps
Newport
Norfork
North Little Rock

O
Ola
Omaha
Osceola
Ozark

P
Palestine
Paragould
Paris
Pea Ridge
Peach Orchard
Perryville
Pfeiffer
Piggott
Pine Bluff
Pindall
Pocahontas
Poyen
Pottsville
Prairie Grove
Prescott
Pyatt

Q
Quitman

R
Ravenden
Rector
Reed
Reno
Rocky
Rogers
Romance
Russellville

S
Salem in Fulton County
Salem in Saline County
Scranton
Searcy
Sedgwick
Sheridan
Sherwood
Shirley
Sidney
Siloam Springs
Smackover
Springdale
St. Joe
Stamps
Star City
Stuttgart
Subiaco
Sulphur Springs

T
Texarkana
Trumann
Tuckerman

V
Van Buren
Vilonia
Viola

W
Waldenburg
Waldron
Walker Creek
Walnut Ridge
Warren
Weiner
West Fork
West Helena
West Memphis
White Hall
Wilton
Winslow
Wright
Wynne

Y
Yellville

Related pages
 List of counties in Arkansas

Arkansas-related lists
Arkansas
Chester Arthur Burnett (10 June 1910 – 10 January 1976), known as Howlin' Wolf, was an American blues singer. He was born on a plantation near Ruleville, Mississippi. Burnett tried to emulate the singing style of Jimmie Rodgers, a white, country yodeler.  Although he never mastered the yodeling technique, his distinctive style earned him the nickname of "The Wolf".

Burnett traveled around the Mississippi delta for nearly twenty years singing with famous blues artists, including Robert Johnson and Sonny Boy Williamson.  In 1949, the Wolf moved to Chicago and spent time with Muddy Waters.  They recorded for Chess Records.  While Waters toured the country performing, Burnett began to play at several of the Chicago clubs frequented by Waters. After Burnett was embraced by the Chicago R&B scene, a rivalry developed between him and Waters.

The Wolf had a series of hits in the 1950s, including "Moanin' at Midnight", "Killing Floo", "How Many More Years", "I Ain't Smart", and "Smokestack Lightin'".

References

1910 births
American blues singers
Singers from Mississippi
1976 deaths
Hercule Poirot is a fictional detective. He was created by Agatha Christie. He was in 33 novels and 51 short stories. The stories were published between 1920 and 1975.

Poirot has been portrayed on radio, on screen, for films and television. Some of the actors who played him are John Moffatt, Albert Finney, Sir Peter Ustinov, Sir Ian Holm, Tony Randall, Alfred Molina and David Suchet.

References

Related pages
 Miss Marple

Other websites
Hercule Poirot at the official Agatha Christie website

Characters in written fiction
Television characters
Movie characters
Crime fiction
A worm is a type of animal that usually has no arms or legs and has a cylinder-like body. All worms are invertebrates, meaning that they do not have a backbone. Worms can come in many different sizes. Many worm species are so small that they can't be seen with the human eye, while the bootlace worm has been known to grow up to nearly 60 meters (almost 200 feet). One of the most well-known types of worms are earthworms.

There are several subcategories of worms, many of which are very different than others. Annelids, nematodes, platyhelminthes, ribbon worms, arrow worms, priapulid worms, and some insect larvae are all of animals that are often called worms.

References 

Invertebrates
Modern Combat 3: Fallen Nation (abbreviated MC3) is a shooter game by the developer and publisher Gameloft. It was released end October 2011 for iOS devices and mid December for Android devices. It is a sequel to 2009's Modern Combat: Sandstorm and 2010's Modern Combat 2: Black Pegasus.

Plot 
In the backstory to the game, terrorists from North Korea, Pakistan and Russia have formed an alliance with the name K.P.R.. Led by General Popovich and General Tong, the K.P.R. alliance declared war to the United States. After they hacked the U.S. defense network down, K.P.R. went on US territory and deployed several big weapons in American cities.

The game begins in Los Angeles, as Corporal James Walker and his team are going into the NSA building. They need to secure important information in the building. After some successful missions, Walker is contacted by Sergeant Downs. Then, Walker is in the "Phantom Unit". They are then sent on a mission to Alaska to locate and secure a missing group of American soldiers.

Later, Phantom Unit goes to Pakistan. They have to capture Edward Page, a former US Ranger who has joined the K.P.R. Alliance. After his capture, Page says that General Tong is planning to bomb America from North Korea. The squad can kill Tong, but after a while Popovich captures Downs and Walker. A nuclear missile is then launched to destroy Seattle. As prisoners of K.P.R., they can escape after a while, destroy the nuclear weapons. After that, the US miliary can end the KPR threat by retaking American ground.

Reception 
As with both Sandstorm and Black Pegasus, Fallen Nation has received relatively positive reviews.

Slide to Play rated the game a 4/4, saying "Modern Combat 3 is a gorgeous, adrenaline rush of a game that capably answers the (mobile) call of duty.

IGN gave the game an 8.5/10 and called it "a huge, intense, and polished shooter. Modern Combat 3 is the best FPS on mobile devices"

TouchArcade also gave a positive review, concluding that "if you want to play first person shooters on your iOS device, Modern Combat 3: Fallen Nation is a must-buy game."

References 

Shooter video games
2011 video games
Android (operating system) games
IOS games
In introductory chemistry, the reactivity series or activity series is an empirical series of metals, in order of "reactivity" from highest to lowest. It is used to summarize information about the chemical reactions of metals with acids and water, single displacement reactions and the extraction of metals from their ores. The elements at a higher level are more reactive, whereas the elements at a lower level are less reactive.

The reactivity series reads as follows, starting at the most reactive, going down to the least reactive:

Caesium Cs
Francium Fr
Rubidium Rb
Potassium K
Sodium Na
Lithium Li
Barium Ba
Radium Ra
Strontium Sr
Calcium Ca
Magnesium Mg
Beryllium Be
Aluminium Al
Titanium Ti
Manganese Mn
Zinc Zn
Chromium Cr
Iron Fe
Cadmium Cd
Cobalt Co
Nickel Ni
Tin Sn
Lead Pb
Antimony Sb
Bismuth Bi
Copper Cu
Tungsten W
Mercury Hg
Silver Ag
Gold Au
Platinum Pt

Chemistry
Vidal Sassoon (17 January 1928 - 9 May 2012) was a British hairdresser. He was born in Hammersmith, London to Sephardi Jewish parents. He moved to New York in the late 1960s. He later moved to Los Angeles, California. Sassoon was married four times. The first three marriages ended in divorce. His second marriage was to Canadian actress Beverly Adams (born 1940). The couple had three children together and adopted another. Sassoon was diagnosed with leukemia in 2009 and died at his Bel Air, Los Angeles home. His fourth marriage lasted until his death.

References 

British Jews
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from leukemia
People from London
1928 births
2012 deaths
Special forces, or special operations forces are military units used to trained to perform unconventional (not ordinary), difficult, often high-risk missions. They are highly-trained and are the most valuable units in the world. Because of the hard training and the high risk, there are not many special forces units. Those elite units are often used to operate deep behind enemy lines. In a war they are also used for unconventional warfare.

Military special forces 

Because special forces are really rare, they mostly have to do unusual, difficult things like:
 Gathering intelligence
 Destroying targets (for example bunkers, ports, missiles etc.)
 Protecting and rescueing important people
 Reconnaissance
 Unconventional warfare

History 

Special forces were very important in the history of warfare where war is more defined as "hit and run" and sabotage, and not traditional army combat where quantity was more important than quality.

The Chinese strategist Jiang Ziya said about 1,000 B.C. ago that such elite units had many advantages, recruiting talented and motivated men to be serving in specialised units should be more important than other things.

Special forces were formed in the early 20th century, during World War I. In this "big" war, military operations inside enemy territory showed tactical benefits.  They were often used to sabotage enemy infrastructure like radio stations, which are important for communication between the troops.

Special forces units gained more importance during World War II, when technology became more important.

Criticism

Examples 
 the British Special Air Service (SAS), ~500 men
 the American Delta Force unit, ~1.100 men
 the United States Navy SEALs, ~2.400 men
 the Polish GROM, ~300 men

References

Other websites 
 

Military
Sumgayit (also, Sumgait and Sumqayyt) is one of the largest cities in Azerbaijan.  It is near the Caspian Sea and about 31 kilometres away from the capital, Baku. There were 308,700 people in 2009. It was started on November 22, 1949. It is home to Sumqayit State University.

Sumgayit City F.C. plays in the Azerbaijan Premier League.

Notable people from Sumgayit

 Ilham Zakiyev,  judoka, twice Paralympic, twice World & four times European Champion.
 Rafael Aghayev, karate
 Shahin Imranov, boxer, Beijing Olympic Games 2008 bronze medalist
 Shakhriyar Mamedyarov, chess player
 Zeinab Mamedyarova, chess player
 Mehman Huseynzade, football player

References

Cities in Azerbaijan
1949 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in Azerbaijan
Aghjabadi District () is a raion in central Azerbaijan. The capital is Aghjabadi. Aghjabadi District was started in 1930. In 1963 it was ended and connected to Agdam District. In 1965, it became separate again. There are 46 settlements and 1 town in the district. There were 122,649 people in 2010.

Notable people
Uzeyir Hajibeyov – composer
Afrasiyab Badalbeyli – composer and conductor
Shamsi Badalbeyli – composer
Tofik Bahramov – football referee
Zulfu Adigozalov – khananda
Vasif Adigozalov – composer
Isi Malikzade – writer
Sabir Novruzov – mugam singer

Districts of Azerbaijan
Politically, Azerbaijan is divided into these administrative divisions:
59 districts (rayonlar; singular – rayon), 
11 cities (şəhərlər; singular – şəhər), 
1 autonomous republic (muxtar respublika), which itself contains:
7 districts
1 city

This list is for the main part of Azerbaijan. The rayons of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are listed below and numbered separately. Some rayons are completely or partially in the Nagorno-Karabakh, shown on the map in green; this is noted in the list. Nagorno-Karabakh is not recognised as an independent state, but it functions as one.

The rayons are further divided into municipalities.

List of administrative divisions

Contiguous Azerbaijan

The territory of Nagorno-Karabakh currently is made up of the rayons of Khojavend, Tartar, Goranboy, Shusha and Kalbajar. When the area was part of the Soviet Union, it was known as Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO). However, on 26 November 1991, the Parliament of the Azerbaijan SSR ended the autonomy of the NKAO. Its territory was divided between the neighboring rayons. Since the Nagorno-Karabakh War, however, it is under the control of the ethnic Armenian forces from Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia.

Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

The seven districts and one municipality of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are listed and numbered separately.

Related pages
Economic regions of Azerbaijan
Administrative division
ISO 3166-2:AZ
Azerbaijan

References
Agdash District () is a raion in central Azerbaijan. Agdash District has Leki settlement and 72 villages. This raion has a good economic and geographic location. Turyan River and Kura River go through the raion. This area is surrounded by Tugay forests along Kura river bank, and Turyanchay State Preservation to the north.

Agdash city was started in 16th century.  It is the capital.

Districts of Azerbaijan
Barda (Bərdə) is a raion of Azerbaijan.  The capital city is Barda. There are 109 villages.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Bilasuvar (Biləsuvar) is a raion of Azerbaijan. The name in Turkic means pure water falls.  There are many rivers in this area.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Goychay (Göyçay) is a raion of Azerbaijan.  It is in the central part of the county, in the Shirvan valley. The capital is Goychay. There is one city and 55 villages. The region is famous for its pomegranate growing industry.

It is at the foot of Greater Caucasus mountain range.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Hajigabul (Hacıqabul) is a raion of Azerbaijan.  There are 31 populated areas. The Pirsaat River and valley is in this raion.

Districts of Azerbaijan
Imishli (İmişli) is a rayon (district) of Azerbaijan.  Imishli and Sabirabad Rayon share the largest lake of Azerbaijan, Lake Sarysu.

Districts of Azerbaijan
Kurdamir (also Kürdəmir) is a district (raion) in Azerbaijan. The capital of the district is Kürdəmir.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Mingachevir, sometimes spelled Mingecevir, is the fourth-biggest city in Azerbaijan.  There are about 100,000 people. It is known as the "city of lights" because of its hydroelectric power station on the Kur River.

Mingechevir is home to Mingechevir Polytechnic Institute.

Notable natives 
 Dilgam Nagiyev — National Hero of Azerbaijan.
 Eugene Rindin — Hero of Russia.
 Ruslan Muradov — National Hero of Azerbaijan.

References

Cities in Azerbaijan
Neftchala (Neftçala) is a raion in Azerbaijan.  It is on the shores of the Caspian Sea. Its name is Persian Naft-Chala and means oil trench.

Famous people from Neftchala
Tabriz Abdullayev, painter
Khalil Rza Uluturk, writer

Districts of Azerbaijan
Saatly is a rayon in Azerbaijan.  It was started in 1943.  There are 87,000 people.

Districts of Azerbaijan
Sabirabad is a rayon (district) of Azerbaijan.  The capital, Sabirabad (city) is on the Araz and Kura rivers.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Salyan District () is a raion of Azerbaijan. Its capital is Salyan. It is next to the Kura River. Most of the Shirvan National Park is in the raion.

Salyan District () is a raion of Azerbaijan. Its capital is Salyan. It is next to the Kura River. Most of the Shirvan National Park is in the raion.

Districts of Azerbaijan
Shirvan is a city in Azerbaijan.  Before 1938 it was named Zubovka.  From 1938 to 2008 it was named Ali Bayramli, Azerbaijani. It is on the Kura River.

Notable natives 

 Anatoly Kuleshov — Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus (2009).
 Enver Bariev — Minister for Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus (since 2005).
 Nofal Guliyev — National Hero of Azerbaijan.
 Rafael Habibov — National Hero of Azerbaijan.
 Shirin Shukurov — Hero of the Soviet Union.

References

Cities in Azerbaijan
Districts of Azerbaijan
Ujar District () is a raion of Azerbaijan. It is in the centre of the country. There are 32 villages and 1 city in Ucar. The largest communities are Gazyan, Mususlu and Garabork. There were about 77,900 people in 2009.The name is from the Turkic word "Ucqar" meaning "remote".

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Yevlakh District () is a raion of Azerbaijan.  The cities of Yevlakh and Mingachevir are in the raion.

Districts of Azerbaijan
Jecheon AIDS scandal or Jecheon AIDS crime was a well-known sex crime that happened in Jecheon, South Korea. A male taxi driver was arrested by the police on 13 March 2009 for knowingly spreading HIV/AIDS to dozens of women in Jecheon between 2003 and 2009.

The offender was Mr. Jeon, a 27-year-old taxi driver who has HIV. He had sex with many women over five to six years, despite knowing his condition. The police said that his partners included drunken taxi passengers as well as bar girls he came to know while working as a driver. Many of the women were married women, housewives, or divorcees. Jeon rarely used condoms, according to local media.

Jeon said that he had had sex with ten women, but a survey estimated the number at between 70 and 400. His mobile phone, which had been confiscated by police, contained the phone numbers of about seventy women.

References

Other websites 
 2009 AIDS-infected taxi driver gets 18 months
 Arrested Taxi Driver Knowingly Spread AIDS in Korea 
 AIDS Fear Spreads in Jecheon County
 S. Korea's AIDS-infected taxi driver arrested
 AIDS flag as cabbie held as sex fiend

2003 crimes
21st century in South Korea
HIV/AIDS
2003 in Asia
The Raven paradox is a paradox first presented by the German logician Carl Gustav Hempel in the 1940s.  The paradox stems from two intuitive principles for inductive reasoning: (i) logically-equivalent claims are interchangeable and (ii) particular instances confirm the corresponding universal generalization.  Hempel showed that (i) and (ii) together entail the unintuitive conclusion that claims of the form "All As are Bs" can be confirmed by observing non-A, non-B objects.

The paradox

Saying:
 (1) All ravens are black.

is logically equivalent to saying:
 (2) If something is not black then it is not a raven.

Whenever (2) is true, (1) is too; likewise in all circumstances where (2) is false (i.e. if a world with white ravens is imagined), (1) is also false.  Accordingly, (1) and (2) can be safely interchanged with one another.

Next, a particular object which is both A and B intuitively constitutes evidence for the claim "All As are Bs".  Thus,

 (3) Nevermore, my pet raven, is black.

is evidence supporting the hypothesis that 

 (4) All ravens are black.

Following the same reasoning, a green apple (a non-black and non-raven object) is evidence supporting the hypothesis that all non-black things are non-ravens.    

The paradox appears when these two principles are combined.  If a green apple is evidence for "all non-black things are non-ravens" and "all non-black things are non-ravens" is equivalent to "all ravens are black", then green apples are also evidence for the hypothesis that "all ravens are black"!  This conclusion is highly unintuitive despite the appeal of both starting principles.

References

Logical paradoxes
Overfishing is catching too much fish. It is a type of overexploitation where fish stocks are reduced to low levels. It is a good example of what is good for the short term is not good for the long term. Also, what is good for some fishermen is not good for all of them (tragedy of the commons). The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimated in a 2018 report that 33.1% of world fish stocks are subject to overfishing.

So much fish is caught that there are too few adults of  certain species left.  With cod, for example, the greatest production of eggs is from large females. But these are caught, the average size of spawning females goes down. Eventually this gets so that the production of eggs is significantly reduced. The artificial selection of large fish has gradually reduced the size of mature females.

The Northwest Atlantic cod has been regarded as heavily overfished throughout its range, resulting in a crash in the fishery in the United States and Canada during the early 1990s. Sometimes, the fishing industry can ruin itself by overfishing. The collapse of the herring industry in Monterey, California is a good example. 

Consumers can get information about the conservation status of the seafood available to them.

Examples of overfishing 
Examples of overfishing can be found in places like the North Sea, the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and the East China Sea.

 Tuna has been caught by people in the upper Adriatic for many years. Increasing fishing has stopped the large schools of little tuna fish from migrating into the Gulf of Trieste. The last major tuna catch was made in 1954.
 The anchovy fisheries in Peru crashed in the 1970s after overfishing and an El Niño season reduced the number of anchovies from its waters.
 The fish in the Irish Sea, the west English Channel, and other places have become overfished so much that it has almost collapsed.
 Blue walleye became extinct in the Great Lakes in the 1980s. The number of blue walleyes collapsed, because of a combination of overfishing, eutrophication, and competition with introduced rainbow smelt.
 Sharks and rays: The global amount of sharks and rays has reduced by 71% since 1970. Because of this made sharks and Ray's are almost extinct.

Preventive measures
There are many ways that have been suggested to stop overfishing. They are:
 Governments from around the world should make and enforce laws that prevents overfishing
 Subsidies should be removed from deep sea fishries to discourage deep sea fishing
 Aquaculture should be encouraged because it is sustainable
 Better fishing techniques like using different gear types depending on the type of fish and habitat.
 Avoiding fishing in places where fish lay eggs may allow fish stocks to grow by giving adults a chance to reproduce.
 People should be taught about the dangers of overfishing.

Related pages 
Over-harvesting

References 

Environmental issues
Ecology
Fishing