cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The term annual percentage rate (APR), also called nominal APR, and the term effective APR, means the interest rate for a whole year, rather than just a monthly fee/rate, as applied on a loan, mortgage loan, or credit card. This rate is useful when buying a car, a house, or any other expensive possession. Since few people are able to afford to pay the full price, many sellers choose to divide the price into monthly payments and a down payment. This makes things easier to buy. Once the buyer pays the down payment, he or she enters into an agreement to pay the remaining months. But since the buyer has not paid the entire amount yet, the seller is essentially lending part of the purchase to the buyer. This is where interest rates come in. The seller charges the monthly payments with a part or a percentage of the remaining amount. This amount gets added onto the monthly payment. Some companies force the buyer to pay the interest first, and the remaining amount pays the original loaned amount, called the principal.

References

Money
Passbook is an application in iOS that lets users to keep coupons, boarding passes, event tickets, store cards, 'generic' cards, and other forms of mobile payment. It was made by Apple and announced at the 2012 Apple Worldwide Developers Conference on June 11, 2012. The application was released with iOS 6 on September 19, 2012.

Features
The Passbook application shows the following kinds of 2D barcodes: Aztec, PDF417, and QR. Each digital coupon or ticket is called a "pass". When the user starts Passbook for the first time, a short introduction screen will appear with a button inviting users to find applications on the App Store that integrate Passbook. Passes can also be distributed with the internet via Safari or sent to another user using e-mail.

Passes are synced between iOS devices using iCloud. OS X 10.8.2 and newer also support opening passes to be sent to users' iOS devices.
The application is available in iOS 6 or later. It is currently only available on iPhone and iPod Touch, but not on iPad.

Passbook has the following features
 Shows 2D barcodes of following types: Aztec, PDF417, and QR.
 Started by location.
 Started by time of pass.
 Localization of the pass. Up to 35 languages can be stored in each Pass.
 Pass changes can be pushed via the Apple Push Notification Service by the provider of the pass, or manually updated by the user themselves.

Passbook is only officially provided by Apple for iOS. Several third-party developers have created unsupported applications for other operating systems, such as PassWallet for Android, that support importing and viewing Passbook passes.

References

Apple software
Jonas Edward Salk (October 28, 1914 – June 23, 1995) was an American medical researcher and virologist, best known for his discovery and development of the first successful polio vaccine in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Salk was born on October 28, 1914 in New York City to a Jewish-Irish family. He studied at the City College of New York and at the University of New York. Salk was married to Donna Lindsey from 1939 until they divorced in 1968. He was married to Françoise Gilot from 1970 until his death in 1995.

He had three children with Lindsey. Salk died on June 23, 1995 in his home in La Jolla, California from heart failure, aged 80. He was buried at El Camino Memorial Park in San Diego, California.

References

Other websites

 
 The American Experience: The Polio Crusade  video, 1 hr. by PBS
 "Legacy of Salk Institute", video, 30 minutes, history of Salk vaccine
 "Polio Vaccine" intro., Britannica, video, 1 minute
 The Time 100 Most Important People of the Century 
 Jonas Salk Legacy Foundation
 Jonas Salk Trust

1914 births
1995 deaths
American physicians
Congressional Gold Medal recipients
Cardiovascular disease deaths in California
Deaths from heart failure
Jewish American scientists
New York University alumni
Scientists from New York City
Scientists from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Vaccinologists
American virologists
Donkey Kong Jungle Beat is a platform video game for the Nintendo GameCube game console. It was released in Japan on December 16, 2004, in Europe on February 4, 2005, and in North America on March 14, 2005. It is played with the DK Bongos controller.

The game involves combat, platforming, and counterattacking (attacking enemies after they attack you). Players use the left drum to move left, the right drum to move right, and both drums to jump. Clapping or hitting the sides of the drums causes Donkey Kong to clap. Clapping produces a small small red ring and a bigger green one. Enemies that are in the red ring are usually defeated, and those that are in the green ring are usually stunned. Stunned enemies can be killed by jumping on them and hitting the drums repeatedly. The goal is not just to get to the end of the level, but also to get as many "beats" (points) as the player can. Beats are gotten by grabbing bananas, and lost by being hit or falling. More beats can be gotten by doing combos while grabbing bananas.

The level system involves several "kingdoms." Each kingdom has three platforming levels. At the end of each kingdom is a boss. There are four species of bosses. Each species of boss has different fighting styles and ways of defeating. After a boss is defeated, the number of beats is counted, and the player earns a crest depending on how many were gotten. The crests are as follows:

Under 400: Bronze crest
400: Silver crest
800: Gold crest
1200 and above: Platinum crest

In 2008 and 2009, Donkey Kong Jungle Beat was one of the games released as part of the "New Play Control!" series of remade Nintendo GameCube games for the Wii. It features new and changed levels along with more traditional controls that use the analog stick to move and the A button to jump.

References

Donkey Kong
Nintendo GameCube games
Platform games
2004 video games
Matthew Alexander Henson (August 8, 1866 – March 9, 1955) was an American explorer and assistant of Robert Peary on various expeditions, the most famous being a 1909 expedition during which he may have been the first person to reach the Geographic North Pole.

Henson was born on August 8, 1866 in Nanjemoy, Maryland. He was married to Lucy Ross from 1906 until his death in 1955. Henson died on March 9, 1955 in his home in The Bronx, New York from a stroke, aged 88.

References

Other websites

"African-American North Pole Explorer Matthew Henson" in National Geographic
Arlington Cemetery biography 
Matthew A. Henson 
Matthew A. Henson Family Tree
Anauakaq's descendants
National Geographic

 
1866 births
1955 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American explorers
People from Maryland
Robert Edwin Peary, Sr. (May 6, 1856 – February 20, 1920) was an American explorer who claimed to have led the first expedition, on April 6, 1909, to reach the geographic North Pole. Peary's claim was widely credited for most of the 20th century, rather than the competing claim by Frederick Cook who said he got there a year earlier.

Peary was born on May 6, 1856 in Cresson, Pennsylvania. He was raised in Portland, Maine. Peary studied at Bowdoin College. He was married to Josephine Diebitsch from 1888 until his death in 1920. They had two children. Peary died on February 20, 1920 in Washington, D.C. from an illness, aged 63.

References

Other websites

The Race to the North Pole, historical periodicals at the Library of Congress
"Peary Discovers the North Pole After Eight Trials in 23 Years",  New York Times, April 6, 1909
"A Clash of Polar Frauds and Those Who Believe", New York Times, September 7, 2009
Works by Robert E. Peary at Project Gutenberg
Audiobook "The North Pole"
Peary at Findagrave

1856 births
1920 deaths
American explorers
People from Portland, Maine
People from Pennsylvania
, known as Starwing in Europe, is a video game that was developed by Nintendo EAD and published by Nintendo.

Super Nintendo 
It was released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It is the first game in the Star Fox series.

It was the first three-dimensional Nintendo video game. It was released in Japan on February 21, 1993, in North America on March 23, 1993, and in Europe on June 3, 1993.  It uses the Super FX chip, which improves the graphics display. The story involves Fox McCloud and his Star Fox team defending their home of Corneria from Andross, the game's main villain.

The gameplay involves guiding Fox's spacecraft, an Arwing, through stages while destroying enemies. Power-ups are placed in stages to help the player.

The player must also defend their teammates from enemies. At the end of each stage is a boss. After completing a stage, the player is given a score based on how many enemies they destroyed and how well they defended their teammates.

Development 
The game was released in the spring of 1993 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and quickly became a phenomenon. Before it was even released, preorders exceeded 1.7 million copies. In order to keep up with the preorder demand Nintendo shipped a million game cartridges on the game's opening weekend, some dropped by parachute to stores such as Sears.

To promote the game, Nintendo created Star Fox-themed kiosks which loosely resembled an Arwing and sent them to Sears stores. A TV with a VCR stood next to the kiosk, and if one sat in a chair inside the kiosk then it would rumble in response to the actions on-screen. Another game promotion was the Super Star Fox Weekend competition, in which specially rigged Star Fox game cartridges set to time themselves for four minutes were played. The objective of the competition was to get the highest score by shooting down the most enemies within the time limit. Prizes included a free trip to one of four locations around the globe, along with flight pins, flights jackets and other assorted winnings.

References

1993 video games
Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development games
Star Fox
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Grady Edgebert Hatton Jr. (October 7, 1922 – April 11, 2013) was an American baseball player, coach, manager and executive. Although the bulk of his playing career was as the third baseman and second baseman of the Cincinnati Reds, he also played for the Chicago Cubs and with the Chicago White Sox.

Hatton was born in Beaumont, Texas. He was raised in Houston, Texas. Hatton studied at the University of Texas at Austin. Hatton died on April, 11, 2013 in his home in Warren, Texas from natural causes, aged 90.

References

1922 births
2013 deaths
Baltimore Orioles players
Boston Red Sox players
Chicago Cubs players
Chicago White Sox players
Cincinnati Reds players
Deaths from natural causes
People from Beaumont, Texas
St. Louis Cardinals players
National League All-Stars
is a video game that was developed by Namco and published by Nintendo. It was released for the Nintendo GameCube. It was released in Japan on December 16, 2004, in North America on February 14, 2005, and in Europe on April 29, 2005.

The game has three types of gameplay, including thw Arwing, Landmaster, and on foot. Arwing gameplay is similar to Star Fox and Star Fox 64, where players guide Fox McCloud's Arwing spacecraft through stages. The player shoots down enemies and has to defend their teammates. Power-ups are placed on stages to help the player. In some stages, the player may hop out of the Arwing. In Landmaster gameplay, the player guides a tank called the Landmaster. Players shoot or run over enemies, and help their teammates when they need help. On foot gameplay is similar to a traditional third-person shooter video game. The player starts with a blaster gun, and they can get stronger weapons, such as machine guns and sniper rifles.

Multiplayer can be played with up to four players. They can play on foot or in vehicles. New characters, weapons, items and maps can be unlocked in the game.

2004 video games
Nintendo GameCube games
Star Fox
Namco video games
An ice core is a long piece of ice taken from a glacier. The ice is drilled very deep, so that the ice core goes back to old ice at the bottom of the glacier. Usually, ice cores are taken from Antarctica, Greenland or very high mountains.

Snow falls on ground and accumulates (gets deeper). As more snow falls, the bottom layers get compacted (thinner) because of the weight on top. In the end, only ice remains, and all air goes away. The deeper the ice, the older it is. Ice cores can be dated by looking at the layers: often every season can be seen in the ice core because it forms a layer. At other times it is more difficult to find out how old the ice is. Other methods can be used, like measuring conductivity or making mathematical models.

Scientists study ice cores to find out how the climate was in the past. The ice keeps information like gases, particles, ash from volcanoes. The type of water that forms the ice can be used to calculate the temperature of Earth.

Ice cores help us know what the temperature was on the planet in the past 800 thousand years. We know more about ice ages that happen periodically. This is a helpful addition to our knowledge about global warming.

References 

Climate change
Rumaithiya is an area in Hawalli governorate in Kuwait. About 58,000 people live there.

Origin of the name 
It is believed that the name of the area comes from a plant called Haloxylon. In the Arabic language, the plant is called Rumth. The area used to have this plants in it. Rumaithiya literally means something related to Rumth.

Places 

There are 14 masjids in Rumaithiya
There are more than 70 Husayniyas in Rumaithiya
There are 12 branches for Rumaithiya Co-Op society
There is an area for sports
There are 2 public parks
There are 13 schools in Rumaithiya without private schools and children's schools (kindergartens)

Sources 

Kuwait
Milutin Milanković  (28 May 1879 – 12 December 1958) was a Serbian mathematician, astronomer, geophysicist, climatologist, civil engineer and writer. Milanković made two fundamental contributions to science. 

The first contribution was the "Canon of the Earth’s insolation", which explained the climates of the planets of the Solar system. He founded cosmic climatology by calculating temperatures of the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere as well as the temperature conditions on planets of the inner Solar system, Mercury, Venus, Mars, and the Moon, as well as the depth of the atmosphere of the outer planets. 

The second contribution was his explanation of how the Earth's long-term climate changes are caused by changes in Earth's spin and orbit around the Sun. These are now known as Milankovich cycles. They explain the ice ages which occurred in the geological past of the Earth, and predict climate changes on the Earth which may be expected in the future. 

The explanation is not entirely accurate, so no doubt there are other factors also at work. These other factors would be such things as how much oxygen and carbon dioxide are in the atmosphere, the position of the continents, the amount of volcanic action, and so on. However, the cycles of climate do seem broadly to go as Milankovic predicted. Geological evidence from rhythmical features in sedimentary rocks are common.

References 

1879 births
1958 deaths
Astronomers
Science writers
Theoretical physicists
Serbian scientists
Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes is a 1984 British movie. It was directed by Hugh Hudson. It was based on Edgar Rice Burroughs' novel Tarzan of the Apes (1912). Christopher Lambert stars as Tarzan (though the name Tarzan is never used in the film's dialogue) and Andie MacDowell as Jane. The cast also includes Sir Ralph Richardson, Ian Holm, James Fox, Cheryl Campbell, and Ian Charleson.

The movie received Academy Award nominations for "Best Supporting Actor" (Richardson), "Best Adapted Screenplay" and "Best Makeup".

Cast
 Christopher Lambert - John Clayton / Tarzan
 Tali McGregor - Infant Tarzan
 Peter Kyriakou - One Year Old Tarzan
 Danny Potts - Five Year Old Tarzan
 Eric Langlois - Twelve Year Old Tarzan
 Ralph Richardson - Earl of Greystoke
 Ian Holm - Capitain Philippe D'Arnot
 James Fox - Lord Charles Esker
 Andie MacDowell - Jane Porter
 Glenn Close - Jane Porter (voice, uncredited)
 Cheryl Campbell - Lady Alice Clayton
 Ian Charleson - Jeffson Brown
 Nigel Davenport - Major Jack Downing
 Nicholas Farrell - Sir Hugh Belcher
 Paul Geoffrey - Lord John 'Jack' Clayton
 Richard Griffiths - Capitain Billings
 Hilton McRae - Willy
 David Suchet - Buller
 John Wells - Sir Evelyn Blount
 Paul Brooke - Rev. Stimson

Ape Puppeteers
 John Alexander - White Eyes
 Christopher Beck - Droopy Ears
 Ailsa Berk - Kala
 Peter Elliott - Silverbeard
 Mak Wilson - Figs

Reception
The movie received a mixed-to-postitive reaction, scoring a 60% "Fresh" Rating on Rotten Tomatoes. It scored lower with audiences with a score of 53%.

Other websites

1984 movies
British movies
Warner Bros. movies
Tarzan movies
English-language movies
Royal Rumble (2006) was the nineteenth annual Royal Rumble PPV event held by WWE at the American Airlines Arena, in Miami, on January 29, 2006. It was sponsored by Sony Entertainment and The Con.

Qualification matches
Chavo Guerrero  defeated Rob Conway – Raw, January 9
Shelton Benjamin defeated Val Venis – Raw, January 9
Kane defeated Snitsky – Raw, January 9
Sylvan defeated Scotty 2 Hotty – WWE Velocity, January 15 (aired January 21)
Trevor Murdoch defeated Antonio Thomas – WWE Heat, January 16 (aired January 20)
Viscera defeated Lance Cade, Gregory Helms and Tyson Tomko in a Battle Royal match – WWE Heat, January 16 (aired January 20)
Jonathan Coachman defeated Jerry Lawler – Raw, January 23
The Mexicools (Psicosis and Super Crazy) defeated The Dicks (Chad and James) and The Full Blooded Italians (Nunzio and Vito) in a Triple Threat tag team match – SmackDown!, January 24 (aired January 27)

Results

Royal Rumble entrances and eliminations
Red ██ and "Raw" indicates a Raw superstar, blue ██ and "SD!" indicates a SmackDown! superstar. A new entrant came out approximately every 90 seconds.

References

Royal Rumble
Sports in Miami, Florida
2006 in American television
2006 in professional wrestling
2000s in Florida
21st century in Miami, Florida
William James Myers (April 16, 1937 – February 17, 2017), better known by his ring name George "The Animal" Steele, was a former American professional wrestler and actor. Steele's career lasted from 1967 until 1989.

He also played Swedish wrestler/actor Tor Johnson in Ed Wood.

George Steele, who was a Baptist, died on February 17, 2017 under hospice care in Cocoa Beach, Florida from kidney failure, aged 79.

References

Other websites

WWE Hall of Fame profile
Interview with Steele about his career (from Legends of Wrestling 2)
May 19, 2011 Interview with George "The Animal" Steele (on Roundtable Wrestling Radio)

1937 births
2017 deaths
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
American Baptists
American professional wrestlers
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in Florida
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Detroit, Michigan
WWE Hall of Fame
Kirby's Pinball Land is a pinball video game that was developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo in 1993. It is for the Game Boy game console. It is the first spin-off game in the Kirby series. It was later released for the Virtual Console service on the Nintendo 3DS in 2012.

The game features three pinball tables. Each table has three floors. The player earns points by bouncing off of walls and bumpers, and by defeating enemies. Players can also earn Maxim Tomatoes, which stops the player from losing a ball for a short amount of time. On the middle and top floors is a Warp Star. If the player takes the Warp Star on the middle floor, the player can play a minigame to earn extra points and multipliers. The Warp Star on the top floor takes the player to the boss of the table. After defeating a boss, the player can earn another life by spelling out the word "Extra" with the letters that appear on the table selection screen. After the player plays all three tables, they face against King Dedede. Defeating King Dedede allows the player to play the tables again for a higher score.

Kirby
Pinball video games
Game Boy games
1993 video games
Virtual Console games
Video game spin-offs
Christopher W. "Chris" Cooper (born July 9, 1951) is an American actor. He is known for his role as John Laroche in the 2002 movie Adaptation for which he won an Academy Award and an Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. 

Cooper was born on July 9, 1951 in Kansas City, Missouri. He was raised in Houston, Texas. Cooper studied at Stephens College and at the University of Missouri. 

He was married to Marianne Leone since 1983. They had one son, Jesse Cooper who died in 2005 from SUDEP. Cooper now lives in Kingston, Massachusetts.

References

Other websites

 
 

1951 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Kansas City, Missouri
Actors from Houston, Texas
Academy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
John Mutton (born August 5, 1966) is the founder of Municipal Solutions, an international business development firm.[1] John Mutton was the Mayor of the Municipality of Clarington and elected from 1997-2006. Mutton also held the positions of Durham Region Finance Chair, Chair of the Ganaraska Conservation Authority, Chairman of Veridian Corporation and Chairman of the Association of Nuclear Host Communities.

Early Life
John Mutton was born and raised in Bowmanville, Ontario. He graduated from Bowmanville High School, Ontario. He received a BSc from the State University of New York, USA, and a Masters Certificate, Municipal Management from the University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario.

Political Career 
John Mutton was elected Mayor of Clarington in 2000 at the age of 34. He is the youngest person to become mayor of Clarington and was one of the youngest Mayors in Canada. Mutton held office for 6 years (2000 – 2006).

He began his political career in 1997 as a Regional and Local Councillor of Clarington.

While in office, Mutton focused on greater accountability in regional government, urban development and nuclear power expansion for Clarington.

He is credited with pioneering a method to finance new construction or major additions of buildings through issue of debentures by municipal government. First employed in 2001 to fund the South Courtice Arena and Recreation Complex, it is viewed as a cost-effective method to undertake large scale publicly funded projects.

Mutton was part of the Canadian bid to become the site of the new International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in 2003. Regretfully the project was not successful. However, Mutton remained a championed for Darlington Nuclear Generating Station to become the site of a new nuclear facility in Ontario.

Mutton returned to municipal politics in 2010 in a bid for appointment of Durham Regional Chair. He would later lobby for and supported the campaign to reform the position from an appointment to one that is elected. A referendum was held in the 2010 election and 80% of voters were in favour of the reform. Durham Region Council passed By-law No. 19-2012 to change the selection method to election by general vote in 2012. Commencing in 2014, voters will elect the position. Durham Region was the second region in the Greater Toronto Area to adopt the reform.

Achievements
• Established the Clarington Sports Hall of Fame in 2003.
• Newsmaker of the Year, 2006, Durham Region Metroland Newspapers.
• Received the Queen Elizabeth II’s Diamond Jubilee Medal from Her Majesty and the Government of Canada in 2013 for his years of service to Canada.

Sports Achievements

 Won the 2017 IBJJF Superheavyweight Las Vegas Open Gold Medal.
 Won the 2017 IBJJF Superheavyweight Miami Open Gold Medal.
 Won the 2017 Rickson Gracie Superheavyweight Gold Medal in New York.
 Won the 2017 IBJJF Superheavyweight World Bronze medal.
 Won the 2018 IBJJF Superheavyweight Los Angeles Open Gold Medal.

Electoral results

References 

1966 births
Living people
Canadian mayors
Politicians from Ontario
Educational psychology is a branch of psychology. It has ancient roots, but was mostly developed in the 20th century. It has two "faces", the scientific and the humanistic.

Two concepts 
Education as an objective science was strongly promoted around 1900 by Alfred Binet and Edward Thorndike. Binet it was who invented the first intelligence tests, and they were extended and promoted in English by Louis Terman. Binet's ideas were sympathetic to Thorndike, who was above all interested in turning psychology into a real science by research, measurement and empirical evidence. The arrival of World War I caused a huge conscription of men into the fighting services. Sorting out men of all types was an urgent problem. The intelligence tests proved to be very useful at helping get the right men into the right jobs. Not surprisingly, the use of IQ tests continued in education, where a similar problem of sorting out occurs in unselected public school enrollments.

The other way to look at educational psychology is to notice that a child is a growing person. Unlike most adults, the child is open to influence. Education does change a child. The emphasis on the child as a growing person is typical of humanistic psychology. It has many supporters, especially at primary school level. Examples of educators whose interest was humanistic include Johann Pestalozzi, Maria Montessori, John Dewey, and Jean Piaget. This type of approach is called "child-centered" education.

Public certification 
How these two approaches are balanced varies in different countries. Many countries have arrangements for certified psychologists to inluence schools and help children.

These posts are now called 'educational and child psychology' in the United Kingdom. Since a training overhaul in 2006, there is a 3-year taught doctorate similar to that of clinical psychology. In the United States it is still called school psychology. Educational and child psychology is the practice of applied psychology with children and families in the context of education and is usually based within a government local authority.

References 

Branches of psychology
Kermit Gosnell (1941-) is a physician with a clinic in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He has been charged with murdering babies born alive. A patient also died in his care. He is facing 8 charges of murder and a possible death penalty. State officials, despite awareness of bad things going on, did nothing to stop him from 1993 until the FBI raided his clinic in 2010 on an unrelated matter.

References

1941 births
American physicians
People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Living people
Gary Player (born 1 November 1935) is a South African golfer. He was born in Johannesburg. He won the Masters Tournament three times, and nine major championships altogether. He is one of only five men to win all four majors.

People from Johannesburg
South African golfers
White South African people
1935 births
Living people
The Australian Council of National Trusts (ACNT) is a national organization for community-based, non-government organisations that promote and conserve Australia's natural and historic heritage.
Begun in 1965, it joined together the eight National Trusts in each Australian state and territory. It provides them with a national office and national and international presence.

Together, the National Trusts own or manage over 300 heritage places. About 7000 people work as volunteers with and there are 350 paid employees. Around 1,000,000 people visit the properties and their collections in Australia each year.

Member organisations 
The member organisations are:

History 
It was based on the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty in England. Local campaigns to conserve native bushland and save old buildings were the forces that led to the first Australian national trusts in New South Wales in 1947, South Australia in 1955 and Victoria in 1956. They were followed later by Western Australia, Tasmania and Queensland.

Annie Forsyth Wyatt (1885-1961) was the driving force behind the beginning of the National Trust in Australia. She lived for much of her life in a cottage in Gordon, New South Wales, which is still standing.

References

Further reading 
 Ian Wyatt, Ours in Trust (1987), covers the early years of the NSW National Trust
 Mary Rhyllis Clark, In Trust (1996), recollections of the Victorian Trust pioneers

 Carol Cosgrove and Susan Marsden, Challenging times: the National Trust of South Australia 1955–2005, National Trust of South Australia, Adelaide 2005 

Australian culture
Canberra
1965 establishments in Oceania
1960s establishments in Australia
Helena-West Helena is the county seat of and the largest city within Phillips County in eastern Arkansas. The city is near the Mississippi State border line. Twelve to fifteen thousand people live in the area. The original Helena was established in 1833. In 2006, Helena and West Helena were consolidated into one city.

Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Talgai is an archaeological site, near Allora on the Darling Downs, south east of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In 1884 a Pleistocene era skull was found in Dalrymple Creek after a big flood. It was found by William Naish, a shearer, who was building a fence at the East Talgai station. The skull was that of a 14 year old boy who had lived about 11,000 years ago. Naish gave the skull to the owners of the station. It was purchased by the University of Sydney in 1914. It was the first fossil found which showed the early human occupation of Australia.

The skull was heavily encrusted with calcium carbonate and the shape had been distorted during long time buried in the ground. At first scientists thought it was a primitive skull with ape like teeth. Later study showed that the skull was a modern Homo sapien, the teeth were normal, but heavily worn. The boy had a massive injury to the side of his skull which was probably what had killed him.

In 1968 a Tom Haydon made a documentary movie, The Talgai Skull: An Investigation Into the Origin of the Australian Aborigines. It won the Australian Film Institute award for Best Documentary.

References

Archaeological sites in Australia
History of Australia
Queensland
Into Eternity are a Canadian progressive metal band from Regina, Saskatchewan. 

Into Eternity was formed in 1997 by band members Tim Roth, Scott Krall and Jim Austin. They released their eponymous debut studio album Into Eternity in 1999. They re-released their debut album when they signed to Century Media Records a year later. Their second album Dead or Dreaming was released in 2001. The album saw the band move more into a progressive and death metal style. Their third studio album Buried in Oblivion was released on February 10, 2004 and their fourth studio album The Scattering of Ashes was released on October 3, 2006.

The band then went on tour from 2006 to 2008 and released their fifth studio album The Incurable Tragedy on August 25, 2008.

Drummer Bryan Newbury joined the band on March 9, 2011 and Stu Block joined Iced Earth in 2011. Amanda Kiernan joined the band in February 2012. In July 2021, Stu Block rejoined Into Eternity as a second vocalist (in a duet with Amanda).

Band members 
Current
Tim Roth − Guitar, backing vocals (1997−present)
Troy Bleich − Bass, backing vocals (2004−present)
Stu Block − lead vocals (2005−2012, 2021-present)
Justin Bender − Guitar (2006−present)
Bryan Newbury − Drums (2011−present)
Amanda Kiernan − live lead vocals (2012−present)

Former
Jim Austin − Drums (1997−2006)
Chris Eisler − Guitar (1999)
Christopher McDougall − Keyboards (1999−2001)
Scott Krall − Bass and backing vocals (1997−2005)
Daniel Nargang − Guitar, clean vocals (2001)
Chris Krall − Clean and death vocals (2003−2004)
Rob Doherty − Guitar and death vocals (2003−2005) (†)
Collin Craig − Guitar (2006)
Dean Sternburger − Vocals (2004)
Adam Sagan − Drums (2005)
Steve Bolognese − Drums (2006−2011)

Discography

Albums
Into Eternity (1999)
Dead or Dreaming (2000)
Buried in Oblivion (2001)
The Scattering of Ashes (2006)
The Incurable Tragedy (2008)
The Sirens (2018)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1990s music groups
1997 establishments in Canada
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Canadian heavy metal bands
Canadian thrash metal bands
Melodic death metal bands
Power metal bands
Progressive metal bands
People from Regina, Saskatchewan
A scatter graph (also known as a scatter-plot) is a type of graph used with 2 sets of data. It is a seeing between the data sets.

References

Mathematics
Diagrams
Hero (or Heron) of Alexandria () (c. 10–70 AD) was an ancient Greek mathematician and engineer. He lived and worked in Alexandria when Alexander the Great ruled. He is known for his inventions and experiments. One of his well known inventions was the Aeolipile (a simple steam turbine). He also discovered a way to calculate square roots, and Heron's formula for finding the area of a triangle.

Cajori says "Hero was a practical surveyor, so it is not surprising to find little resemblance between his writing and those of Euclid or Apollonius".

References

Other websites 

 
 
 Reconstruction of Heron’s Formulas for Calculating the Volume of Vessels
 The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria, from the Original Greek. Tr. and ed. by Bennet Woodcroft From the Collections at the Library of Congress

Ancient Greece
Ancient mathematicians
Engineers
10s births
70 deaths
People from Alexandria
OS X 10.8 "Mountain Lion" is an operating system made by Apple Inc. for its Macintosh line of computers. It is a version of OS X, and carries the release number 10.8. It was released on July 25, 2012. According to Apple, "Mountain Lion" contains over 200 changes and improvements since OS X 10.7 "Lion".

History
"OS X 10.8" was announced February 16, 2012 along with the release of an unfinished (developer preview) version for people who are signed up to its "Developer Portal". The upgrade was released to the public on the Mac App Store on 25 July, 2012 after over 5 months in beta.

Notable New Features
Main features:
Notification Center - a place to see what has happened on your computer since you last checked.
Notes - an app to make notes on, similar to that on the iPad and iPhone.
Messages - send free "iMessages" to other Mac, iPhone and iPad users.
Reminders - make your Mac remind you about something, similar to the iPhone and iPad app.
Game Center - play games and compare scores with other Game Center users on Mac, iPhone and iPad.
AirPlay Mirroring - stream your Mac's screen to an Apple TV.
Power Nap - allows your Mac to download updates while asleep.
Safari 6 - includes a new search/address bar and a new way to see all your open tabs.
Dictation - allows you to dictate words to your Mac so you don't have to type.

Smaller features:
Updated dock - the dock has a more metallic look, rather than the glass look seen previously.
Facebook and Twitter integration - share files directly to Facebook and Twitter, and post/tweet from Notification Center.
Save to iCloud - save Pages, Keynote and Number's documents to iCloud.
Gatekeeper - stops apps from installing unless from the Mac App Store or approved by Apple.
Search Launchpad - search for an app in launchpad.

References 

MacOS
Sehnsa () is a large town in Azad Kashmir. It is a sub-district of the Kotli District.

Tehsils of Azad Kashmir
Angélica Rivera Hurtado (born August 2, 1969) is a Mexican telenovela actress and the former First Lady of Mexico. She is the wife of the President of Mexico, Enrique Peña Nieto. She is known for her roles on La Dueña (Mexico) (1995), Ángela (1998), Sin Pecado Concebido (2001), Mariana de la Noche (2003), and in Destilando Amor (2007).

Rivera was born on August 2, 1969 in Mexico City, Mexico. She was married to José Alberto Castro from 1994 until they divorced in 2008. Then she was married to Enrique Peña Nieto since 2010. She has three children.

References

Other websites
Angélica Rivera on the Internet Movie Database
Biography and Galleries 
esmas biography and career source 
EnElBrasero (Fotos de Boda) wedding images 

1969 births
Living people
First Ladies of Mexico
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican stage actors
Mexican voice actors
Actors from Mexico City
César Évora (born 'César Évora y Díaz; November 4, 1953) is a Cuban-Mexican actor who is known for his roles on Mexican telenovelas. He is the cousin of Cuban writer Daína Chaviano.

Évora was born on November 4, 1953 in Havana, Cuba. He is divorced from his first wife. Évora is currently married to Vivian Domínguez and has three children. Évora acquired Mexican citizenship in 1999.

References

1959 births
Living people
Cuban actors
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican stage actors
Mexican voice actors
People from Havana
Daína Chaviano (born 1960 in Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban writer. She is thought to be one of the three most important female fantasy and science fiction writers in the Spanish language, along with Angélica Gorodischer (Argentina) and Elia Barceló (Spain), forming the so-called “feminine trinity of science fiction in Latin America.” She is the cousin of Cuban-Mexican actor César Évora.

References

Other websites
Daína Chaviano's Official Web Site. English and Spanish.
Amazon.com Official Author's Page
Daína Chaviano's Page at Penguin
GoodRead Author's Page

1960 births
Living people
Cuban writers
People from Havana
Angélica Gorodischer (28 July 1928 – 5 February 2022) was an Argentine  writer. She was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. She was known for her collection of short stories, which belong to a wide variety of genres, including science-fiction, fantasy, crime and stories with a feminist perspective.

Gorodischer died on 5 February 2022 at her home in Rosario, Argentina from cancer at the age of 93.

Some books
 Cuentos con soldados (Premio Club del Orden, Santa Fe, 1965. stories)
 Opus Dos (Ediciones Minotauro, Buenos Aires, 1967. novel)
 Las pelucas (Editorial Sudamericana, Buenos Aires, 1968. stories)
 Bajo las jubeas en flor (Ediciones De La Flor, Buenos Aires, 1973. stories)
 Casta luna electrónica (Ediciones Andrómeda, 1977. stories)
 Trafalgar (El Cid Editor, Buenos Aires, 1979. stories)
 Prodigios. Barcelona: Ed. Lumen, 1994. (novel)
 Tecnicas de supervivencia. Rosario: Ed. Municipal Rosario, 1994. (stories)
  Buenos Aires: Emecé, 1996. (novel)
 Cómo triunfar en la vida. Buenos Aires, Emecé, 1998. (stories)

References

1928 births
2022 deaths
Writers from Buenos Aires
Cancer deaths in Argentina
Thomas "Tom" Atkins (born November 13, 1935) is an American actor. He is known for playing a sheriff or police officer in horror movies. He starred as Dan Challis in Halloween III: Season of the Witch (1982).

Atkins was born on November 13, 1935 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied at Duquesne University. Atkins was married to Garn Stephens until they divorced. Then he was married to Janice Atkins since 1986. He has one child, Taylor Atkins.

References

Other websites
 
 

1935 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Djurgårdsandan (literally translated as ‘the Djurgården spirit’) is a corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitment. It was founded in 2006 by the Djurgården football association with other organizations related to Djurgården. This programme actively works with adolescents through a variety of social projects that range from health issues, ethnic integration and to crime reduction. In addition, other highly notable aims of Djurgårdsandan are a promotion of the values of the association and a positive ‘supporter culture’. 

Djurgårdsandan’s deals primarily with:

An active engagement with society
Work surrounding core values
Work in favour of a positive supporter culture

During the 2013 season of the elite and professional Swedish league (Allsvenskan), Djurgården’s kit will feature the logo of Djurgårdsandan.

Other websites
Djurgårdsandan 
Djurgårdsandan sport center 

2006 establishments in Europe
Organizations based in Europe
Sweden
2000s establishments in Sweden
This article is about metropolitan Tokyo. For more information, see Tokyo (disambiguation).
 is the official name for of the traditional  (1869-1943) and the associated municipalities of what was formerly  (1869-1943). It is the capital city and a prefecture of Japan on the island of Honshu.

Greater Tokyo includes land in the Kantō region and also the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Ten percent (10%) of the Japanese people live in Tokyo, and as many as twenty percent (20%) of the population live around it. As of 2007, the population was 12,790,000. Tokyo is in a part of Japan called the Kantō Plain. Two big rivers run through Tokyo. One is the Arakawa River which runs from the north to the south, and flows into Tokyo Bay. The other is the Tama River which runs from the west to the east. The Tama River is a border between Tokyo and its neighbor city, Kawasaki.

History
In 1943, Tokyo prefecture's municipalities and city of Tokyo were associated in a special way. The administration of Tokyo city merged with the administration of Tokyo Prefecture. Tokyo Metropolis is governed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

Other cities

Other towns/villages

Izu & Ogasawara Islands
Tokyo has many outlying islands.

The Izu Islands include Izu Ōshima, Toshima, Niijima, Shikinejima, Kozushima, Miyakejima, Mikurajima, Hachijojima, and Aogashima.

The Ogasawara Islands include Chichi-jima, Nishinoshima, Haha-jima, Kita Iwo Jima, Iwo Jima, and Minami Iwo Jima. Minami Torishima, the  easternmost point in Japan, is also part of the Ogasawaras. Okinotorishima, the southernmost point in Japan, is also administered by Tokyo as part of this group.

Transportation 
Tokyo is the cultural, business, and political center of the country. It is also the center of many transport systems. There are many air, rail, sea, and road links in and out of the city. Local subway and bus systems serve every part of the city.

Two commercial airports serve Tokyo. Haneda Airport is in the city limits next to Tokyo Bay. This airport is mostly for domestic travel. Most international flights to and from Tokyo go through Narita International Airport in Chiba Prefecture, opened in 1978.

Tokyo has a busy international and domestic port, but more traffic goes through the nearby port of Yokohama. There are domestic ferries to the islands of Tokyo, but also to other parts of the country such as Hokkaido.

Sister cities
 Beijing, China
 Berlin, Germany
 Cairo, Egypt
 Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
 Jakarta, Indonesia
 London, England, United Kingdom
 Mumbai, India
 São Paulo, Brazil
 Algiers, Algeria
 Rome, Italy
 Venice, Italy

Related pages
 Tokyo
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

Tokyo Metropolitan Government

Tokyo
1943 establishments
The Ring of Brodgar is a Neolithic henge and stone circle on Mainland, the largest island in Orkney, Scotland. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Heart of Neolithic Orkney.

The stone circle is  in diameter, and the third largest in the British Isles. The ring originally comprised 60 stones, of which only 27 remained standing at the end of the 20th century. The tallest stones stand at the south and west of the ring.

The stones are set in a circular ditch up to  deep,  wide and  in circumference that was carved out of the solid sandstone bedrock by the ancient residents. Technically, this ditch does not constitute a true henge as there is no sign of an encircling bank of earth and rock. However, many archaeologists refer to this structure as a henge. Aubrey Burl classifies the ditch as a Class II henge; one that has two opposing entrances, in this case on the north-west and south-east.

The Ring is in a significant ritual landscape. Within  there are the two circle-henges, four chambered tombs, groups of standing stones, single stones, barrows, cairns, and mounds. A number of flint arrowheads and broken stone mace-heads were found nearby. They seem to date from the Bronze Age. The nearby Standing Stones of Stenness and its Maeshowe tomb help to make the Ring of Brodgar a site of major importance.

References 

Prehistoric buildings and structures
Archaeological sites in Scotland
Henges
Stone circles
Orkney
Neolithic
The EPR paradox is an early and strong criticism of quantum mechanics. Albert Einstein and his co-workers, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, said that Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, and the other scientists in Copenhagen were wrong about uncertainty. Heisenberg claimed that you could never know, for any one time, both the position and momentum (or velocity, or trajectory) of any atom-sized or smaller particle. The idea was that the two could not be measured at the same time, and that as soon as one was measured a change would occur and you would not get the same answer for the other one that you would have gotten if you had measured it first. Einstein and his group said that Heisenberg should think again. Suppose you had two very small particles. You measured the weight of each of them and then stuck them together. You gave them a little push. Then something broke them apart. They should have both positions and velocities that were related. So if you measured the position of one of them, then even if you assumed that Heisenberg was right and you could not involve messing up its velocity in the process of measuring it, surely that did not mean that it never had a definite velocity. For proof, Einstein said that you could next measure the velocity of the second particle and, since everything was mathematically related, you would then know the velocity of the first particle. 

There was one way that Heisenberg could be right, a reason that Einstein thought was nonsense: What if measuring the position of the first particle would mess up the velocity of the second particle. That would be like magic. How could anybody explain such an influence? Suppose that the two particles were moving away very fast and a long time had gone by. If something that happened to the first particle somehow influenced the second particle, its influence would have to travel faster than the speed of light, which is impossible. Physicists like Erwin Schrödinger suggested that maybe the relationship in position and velocity would just gradually go away somehow. Schrödinger called the connection between the two particles (and anything like it that happened to other things) "entanglement." 

"Spooky action at a distance," as Einstein called it, is one way of understanding this paradox. Einstein had no way of knowing that future experiments would show that entanglement exists. In the end, John Stewart Bell showed mathematically that there is no way that hidden variables could account for experimental results that show entanglement.

References 

Quantum mechanics