Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 – April 17, 1790) was an American statesman and scientist. He has also been known as "the First American". He was a very important person in the American Revolution and helped make the Thirteen Colonies one nation. As a leader of the Enlightenment, he influenced European scientists. He even was the first thing many Europeans associated with America at the time. His successful diplomacy in France was an important factor in the United States' win over Great Britain.

Childhood and family 
Franklin was born in Boston. After two years of school he stayed home as an apprentice in his father's candle-making shop. Two years after starting to work at his father's shop, he went to work at his brother James' printing shop. While working there, Franklin secretly wrote articles for the newspaper and labelled them as being by "Mrs. Silence Dogood". He quarrelled with his brother and at age 17 ran away to Philadelphia, then to London and then back to Philadelphia.

Franklin loved books and reading. Franklin, at the age of 21, established the colonies' first circulation library for all interested citizens. He became rich and famous as a printer, publisher and writer. Later, he sold his businesses and became busy with science and politics.

Political life  
Benjamin Franklin was very important in Pennsylvanian and early American politics. He was a leader in the city of Philadelphia, where he did many important things. He was the President of the Academy and College of Philadelphia. Later he became a councilman, a Justice of the Peace, later a representative of the city. He also started one of the first public libraries in Philadelphia. He was for many years the postmaster of Philadelphia, and in 1753 became Postmaster General of the Thirteen Colonies. In 1757 he went to live in London as agent for Pennsylvania and later for other colonies.

He was in the Continental Congress, which led the country during the Revolutionary War, and he helped write the United States Declaration of Independence.  He controlled the postal service as Postmaster General.  As ambassador to France he helped persuade the French to join the war against Great Britain. He helped negotiate the peace, too. Later, he was part of the group that made the Constitution of the United States.

Publications 
Franklin called himself a printer, but is also known for his writings. Among some of the more well known are Poor Richard's Almanack, and the Pennsylvanian.

Inventions 
Franklin was a scientist who studied experiments in an effort to improve or correct them. One of his greatest contributions was in the theory of electricity.

Most people see Franklin as one of history's greatest inventors. For example, he invented the  lightning rod and bifocals, the Franklin stove, and the glass harmonica.

Death 
Franklin died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from pleurisy, April 17, 1790 aged 84.

Legacy 
Benjamin Franklin owned slaves and printed ads to help slavers find runaway slaves in his newspaper. Eventually, he changed his mind and became an abolitionist. But he still made a lot of money from slavery.

The city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (where he lived) marked his three hundredth birthday in 2006. Many streets and a few towns are named for him.

A picture of Franklin has been on the United States' hundred-dollar bill since 1928.  He was also on the fifty-cent coin for 15 years.

Footnotes

References 
 Feldman, Eve B.  Benjamin Franklin: Scientist and Inventor.  New York: Library of Congress, 1990.  Print.

Other websites 

 Three Hundredth Anniversary Website
 Franklin's autobiography  at Project Gutenberg
 Guide to Benjamin Franklin 
 US State Department bio
 Website for PBS Franklin Television Series
 Benjamin Franklin Citizendium

1706 births
1790 deaths
Deaths from pleurisy
Signers of the U.S. Declaration of Independence
American deists
American inventors
Politicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Politicians from Boston, Massachusetts
Scientists from Boston, Massachusetts
Scientists from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Founding Fathers of the United States
Ambassadors of the United States to France
American abolitionists
American autobiographers
United States Postmasters General
Independent politicians in the United States
18th-century American politicians
Slavers