cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Tony Bennett (born Anthony Dominick Benedetto, August 3, 1926) is an American singer who is best known for his song I Left My Heart in San Francisco. He was born at St John’s Hospital in Long Island, New York.

He has been married three times and has four children. 

He has many awards including a Grammy Award. Bennett is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election. In 2014, Bennett made an album with Lady Gaga titled Cheek to Cheek.

In February 2021, Bennett said that he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2016.

References

Other websites

 Official Tony Bennett music website 
 Official Tony Bennett art website

1926 births
Living people
American painters
Democrats (United States)
Grammy Award winners
People from Queens
Singers from New York City
People with Alzheimer's disease
American pop singers
American jazz singers
Susan Elizabeth "Suzy" Amis (born January 5, 1962) is a former American movie, television actress, and model who is known for her role as Lizzy Calvert in Titanic. and for being the wife of Academy Award-winning director James Cameron since 2000; they have three children. She was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. She retired from acting in 1999.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1962 births
Living people
Actors from Oklahoma City
Models from Oklahoma
American movie actors
American television actors
The , also known as the , are a chain of Japanese islands in a line between Kyushu and Taiwan.  The native people of the Ryūkyū Islands are the Ryūkyūan people and its native languages are the endangered Ryukyuan languages.

History 
In the islands, the  dates from the middle 14th century.  It entered into a tributary relationship with Imperial China.

In the early 17th century, the kingdom entered into a tributary relationship with Japan after the Satsuma Domain invaded.

In 1765, the islands were described by Hayashi Shihei in Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu.

Timeline 
 1314: Kingdoms of Nanzan, Chūzan, and Hokuzan are founded

 1429: Ryūkyū Kingdom is founded

 1609: Ryūkyū Kingdom is invaded by the Satsuma Domain, causing its vassal status to Japan and its loss of the Amami Islands

 1872: creation of the Ryūkyū Domain, 1872-1879

 1879: creation of Okinawa Prefecture

 1945: Battle of Okinawa

 1972: United States gives the Ryūkyū Islands back to Japan

Geography 
The islands are at the eastern edge of the East China Sea and the western edge of the Pacific Ocean.

The Islands are separated into two geographical regions: the Northern Ryūkyū Islands, centered on Amami Island, and the Southern Ryūkyū Islands, centered on Okinawa Island. Sometimes the Southern Ryūkyū Islands are further divided into the Okinawa Islands and the Sakishima Islands.

The largest of the islands is Okinawa Island.

Culture 
Karate was invented by the local people (mainly from Okinawa). The Japanese phrase "Karate-do" means "way of the empty hand").

Related pages 
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Ryukyuan languages

References
Kang Hee-gun (; born February 24, 1978) is a South Korean rapper. He is better known by his stage name, Gary (). He is also a former cast member of the variety show Running Man and musician of hip-hop duo Leessang.

Discography
 Leessang Unplugged
 AsuRa BalBalTa
 HEXAGONAL
 Baekahjeolhyun (伯牙絶絃, 백아절현)
 Black Sun
 Library Of Soul
 Leessang Special
 Jae, Gyebal (재,계발)
 Leessang Of Honey Family

Television
 SBS's Running Man (런닝맨),Cast member, 2010-2017

Movies
 2012: Wonderful Radio - cameo appearance
 2008: Dachimawa Lee - cameo appearance

1978 births
Living people
South Korean musicians
Rap musicians
Desi Arnaz (Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III, March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986) was a Cuban-American movie, stage, television actor, television producer and director, writer, comedian, and musician. He is known for playing Ricky Ricardo in I Love Lucy.

He was born in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. He was married to Lucille Ball from 1940 until they divorced in 1960. They had a son named Desi Jr, and a daughter named Lucie. Then he was married to Edith Mack Hirsh from 1963 until her death in 1985. Arnaz died from lung cancer in Del Mar, California, on December 2, 1986. He was 69 years old.

References

Other websites

1917 births
1986 deaths
Comedians from Los Angeles
American movie actors
Musicians from Los Angeles
American stage actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
Actors from Los Angeles
Cuban actors
Cuban musicians
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from lung cancer
Writers from Los Angeles
George Pal (György Pál Marczincsak, February 1, 1908 – May 2, 1980) was a Hungarian-American animator, movie director and producer who helped the movie industry grow during the 1950s and 1960s. An award is named after him.

Pal was born in Cegléd, Kingdom of Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire, (now Hungary). He was educated at the Budapest Academy of Arts. He was married to Elizabeth Zsoka from 1930 until his death in 1980, they had two children. Pal died on May 2, 1980 in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack. He was 72 years old.

References

Other websites
 
 NNDB entry
 George Pal

1908 births
1980 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Hungarian people
American animators
American movie producers
American movie directors
Sheldon Allan "Shel" Silverstein (September 25, 1930 – May 10, 1999) was an American writer, poet, singer-songwriter, musician, composer, cartoonist, screenwriter, and a children's author who is mostly known for his children's book The Giving Tree. He has won two Grammy Awards.

Although he's most known for his children's poetry, he also was good at many other things. In the 1950s, while he was serving in the U.S. armed forces, Silverstein drew cartoons for the Pacific Stars and Stripes, an American military newspaper. He started writing and drawing cartoons for Playboy magazine in 1952.

Shel Silverstein also wrote plays. It was Ursula Nordstrom, a book editor, who suggested that he should write for children.

Career
Silverstein's first book of poetry, Don’t Bump the Glump! and Other Fantasies, was published in 1964. He's most well known for his books A Light in the Attic, The Giving Tree, and Where the Sidewalk Ends. He has been compared to other writers, like A. A. Milne, Edward Lear, and Dr. Seuss. Shel Silverstein won multiple awards for his children's poetry books. Where the Sidewalk Ends won the Michigan Young Readers' Award in 1981, and Silverstein also won the George C. Stone Center for Children's Books Award twice in 1984. Two books of poetry were published after Shel Silverstein's death, Runny Babbit and Every Thing on It.

Songs 
Silverstein also had success writing songs. Some of his poetry was based on songs he had written.

"A Boy Named Sue" is a song written by Silverstein that was first made popular by Johnny Cash in 1969. That same year Silverstein also recorded it as a single on an album on RCA Records. It was produced by Chet Atkins.

Personal life and death 

He was born in Chicago, Illinois and raised in both Chicago and in Florida. He died in Key West, Florida on May 10, 1999 after having a heart attack. He was 68 years old. However, Silverstein's poetry is still enjoyed today.

References

 "Shel Silverstein." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Vol. 19. Detroit: Gale, 1999. Biography in Context. Web. Apr. 1, 2014.
 Carlson, Ann D. "Silverstein, Shel." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2014. Web. Apr. 1, 2014.

Other websites
 
 Famous Poets and Poems
 Music inspired by Shel Silverstein 
 Shel Silverstein Discography

1930 births
1999 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Burials at Westlawn Cemetery
American poets
American singer-songwriters
American composers
Screenwriters from Illinois
Writers from Chicago
Writers from Florida
Musicians from Chicago
Musicians from Florida
Grammy Award winners
American children's writers
Adobe After Effects is a video changing program developed by Adobe Systems. The current version is 18.2.1.

References 

Adobe software
An evolutionary arms race is when two species (or populations) are so linked that a change in one indirectly causes a change in the other. It is a metaphor drawn from the so-called arms race between the West and the Soviet Union, after the second world war. Evolutonary arms races are a kind of coevolution.

Examples 
Predatorprey evolution is the classic example. A new twist by the predator must be answered with a new defence by the prey.
Conifers grew tall, to some extent out of the reach of sauropod dinosaurs. Dinosaurs grew taller and continued eating the conifers.
Gazelles run fast and so do cheetahs; both have been under a continual series of similar changes which increase their running speed.
The rough-skinned newt, the garter snake and toxin resistance is a well-researched case study. Where the two species live together, the newt produces more toxin, and the snake has evolved to resist it; where they live separately the newt toxin is milder, and the snake has little resistance. The snakes pay a price for their resistance: their digestion and body metabolism is slower than related species. "Really resistant snakes have slower crawl speeds than snakes with little or no resistance".
Parasitehost evolution is another classic. As a host species splits into two, so do its parasites. And when the host immune system defends against the parasites, so they adapt and survive.
Sexual selection can be a kind of evolutionary arms race.
Female mating preferences are known to be responsible for the  evolution of male secondary sex characteristics. Selection is between males in species where female choice is the pairing method.
Sexual conflict between breeding partners is quite common. The basic interests of the male and female can be quite different, and each develops adaptations to get the best 'deal' in terms of offspring. Males: their interest is to mate with a large number of completely faithful females, thus spreading their genes widely in the population. Females: Their interest is to mate with a large number of fit males, thus producing a large number of fit and varied offspring.

References 

Coevolution
Metaphors referring to nature
William "Will" Lee (August 6, 1908 – December 7, 1982) was an American actor and comedian. He was best known for playing Mr. Hooper on Sesame Street. Lee was born in Brooklyn, New York.

Other websites
 
 Muppet Wiki: Will Lee
 
 

1908 births
1982 deaths
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Comedians from New York City
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Singers from New York City
Jason Nelson Robards, Jr. (July 26, 1922 – December 26, 2000) was an American actor. He has won two Academy Awards, a Tony Award, and a Emmy Award. Robards was born in Chicago, Illinois on July 26, 1922. He married to Eleanor Pittman from 1948 to 1958. He married Rachel Taylor from 1959 to 1961. He married Lauren Bacall from 1961 to 1969. He married Lois O'Connor from 1970 to 2000. He had six children. Robards died of lung cancer on December 26, 2000 in Bridgeport, Connecticut.

References

Other websites 

1922 births
2000 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Chicago
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from lung cancer
Emmy Award winning actors
Tony Award winning actors
Francois Henri "Jack" LaLanne (September 26, 1914 – January 23, 2011) was an American inventor, writer, actor, fitness and exercise instructor and expert who was known for helping people to get fit and healthy.

Early life
LaLanne was born Francois Henri LaLanne in San Francisco, California on September 26, 1914. He was raised in Bakersfield, California.

Career
LaLanne hosted his own show The Jack LaLanne Show and appeared in cameo appearances in some movies. LaLanne was also known for swimming in the San Francisco bay with a small fishing boat tied to a rope in his mouth.

LaLanne has a star in the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He also received many nicknames, such as "The Godfather of Fitness" or "First Fitness Superhero." LaLanne has beat Arnold Schwarzenegger in a fitness contest in his 50s.

Personal life
LaLanne was married to Irma Navarre from 1942 until they divorced in 1948; they had one daughter. Then he married Elaine Doyle from 1959 until his death in 2011, they had two sons and one daughter.

Death
On January 23, 2011, LaLanne died at his home in Morro Bay, California from respiratory failure due to pneumonia. He was 96 years old.

References

Other websites

 Official Jack LaLanne website
 
 

1914 births
2011 deaths
American inventors
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from San Francisco
Bodybuilders
Businesspeople from San Francisco
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from respiratory failure
Writers from San Francisco
Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr. (November 9, 1915 – January 18, 2011) was an American politician who was the first director of the Peace Corps from 1961 until 1966, then he was the first director of the OEO from 1964 until 1968, and was the 21st ambassador to France from 1968 until 1970.

He was also a Vice President nominee with presidential nominee George McGovern in 1972, they lost to Richard Nixon and to Spiro Agnew. He was also an activist.

Early life
Shriver was born in Westminster, Maryland on November 9, 1915 and was educated at Yale University and at Yale Law School. He had served in the army during World War II from 1941 through 1945 and was awarded a Purple Heart for his wounds during the war.

Career

Shriver founded many social programs and organizations, including Head Start, VISTA, Job Corps, Community Action, Upward Bound, Foster Grandparents, Legal Services, the National Clearinghouse for Legal Services (now the Shriver Center), Indian and Migrant Opportunities and Neighborhood Health Services, in addition to directing the Peace Corps. He was active in Special Olympics, founded by his wife Eunice.

Shriver was awarded the Pacem in Terris Peace and Freedom Award in 1967. It was named after a 1963 encyclical letter by Pope John XXIII that calls upon all people of good will to secure peace among all nations. Pacem in terris is Latin for 'Peace on Earth'.

Shriver served as U.S. Ambassador to France from 1968 to 1970, becoming a quasi-celebrity among the French for bringing what Time magazine called "a rare and welcome panache" to the normally sedate world of international diplomacy.

Personal life
In 1953 Shriver married Eunice Kennedy (the sister of John F. Kennedy) and together they had 5 children; Robert Sargent Shriver III, Maria Shriver (the wife of Arnold Schwarzenegger), Timothy Peter Shriver, Mark Kennedy Shriver, and Anthony Paul Kennedy Shriver. Shriver's wife of 56 years Eunice Kennedy Shriver died on August 11, 2009 from a stroke, two weeks later his brother-in-law Ted Kennedy died on August 25, 2009 from brain cancer.

Health and death
In 2003 Shriver was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and has began to loose his memory and could not even name his own wife because of the disease. His daughter Maria Shriver wrote a children's book based on the disease.

On January 18, 2011 Sargent Shriver died in Bethesda, Maryland from Alzheimer's disease, he was 95 years old. He is buried next to his wife at the St. Francis Xavier Cemetery.

References

Other websites

"American Idealist: The Story of Sargent Shriver", PBS
Ancestor David Shriver
FBI file on Sargent Shriver
Life With Sargent Shriver  - slideshow by Life
Sargent Shriver
Sargent Shriver National Center on Poverty Law
The Shriver Center 
Video: Sargent Shriver delivering a speech about the Peace Corps in 1965

1915 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
1976 United States presidential candidates
Politicians from Maryland
Writers from Maryland
American activists
US Democratic Party politicians
Purple Heart recipients
Kendall Nicole Jenner (born November 3, 1995) is an American model, television personality and socialite. She has appeared on the cover for and is brand ambassador of Seventeen magazine. She is the daughter of Caitlyn Jenner and Kris Jenner. She is known for being a member of the Kardashian family and for appearing in Keeping Up with the Kardashians.

Jenner had an income of  in 2015. In 2017 Jenner was named the world's highest-paid model by Forbes.

Early life
Kendall Nicole Jenner was born on November 3, 1995, in Los Angeles, California. She is the daughter of former Olympic decathlete champion Caitlyn Jenner (then known as Bruce Jenner) and television personality and businesswoman Kris Jenner (née Houghton). Jenner's middle name was to honor Kris' best friend Nicole Brown Simpson, who was murdered just before Jenner was born.

Jenner was raised with her sister and the Kardashians in Calabasas. She went to Sierra Canyon School before switching to homeschooling in order to follow her modeling career. She graduated in 2014.

Career
In 2007, Jenner began appearing in the reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians. She also appeared many times on reality spin-off shows about the family.

Jenner began modeling at age 13 in 2009.

Jenner and her sister Kylie Jenner previewed The Kendall & Kylie Collection with PacSun on November 15, 2012; the collection launched in February 2013. In 2019,  Jenner made a partnership with the skin-care company Proactiv.

In 2016, Jenner and Cara Delevingne were recreated as wax figures for Madame Tussaud's London Fashion Week Experience event.

Jenner first appeared at No. 16 on Forbes magazine's 2015 list of top-earning models with income of . In 2017, Jenner was named the world's highest-paid model by Forbes. In October 2021, Jenner became the highest-paid model in the world with an income of .

Personal life 
As of April 2021, Jenner is currently in a relationship with NBA player Devin Booker.

Jenner celebrated her birthday party during the coronavirus pandemic with so many attendees in November 2020.

Notes

References

Other websites
 

1995 births
Living people
American socialites
Kardashian family
Models from Los Angeles
Participants in American reality television series
Television personalities from Los Angeles
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
American philanthropists
Derek Jameson (November 29, 1929 – September 12, 2012) was a British journalist, DJ, and broadcaster for several British newspapers. He is also known for his works in the Daily Express, the Daily Star, and for the News of the World. He was born in London, England. He was married three times and had four children. He died on September 12, 2012 in London, England from a heart attack, aged 82.

References

Other websites
 

1929 births
2012 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in England
Deaths from myocardial infarction
English journalists
Radio personalities from London
Writers from London
Robert William "Dabbs" Greer (April 2, 1917 – April 28, 2007) was an American movie, television, and stage actor. He was known for his role as Old Paul Edgecomb in the 1999 movie The Green Mile. He has also acted in Broadway plays. Greer was born on April 2, 1917 in Fairview, Missouri. He never married and had no children. He died on April 28, 2007 in Pasadena, California from renal failure and heart disease. He was 90 years old when he died.

References

Other websites

1917 births
2007 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American television personalities
American radio personalities
Actors from Missouri
Eve Brent (Jean Ann Ewers, September 11, 1929 – August 27, 2011) was a Saturn Award-winning American television, movie, and stage actress. She was known for her roles as Jane in Tarzan's Fight for Life and as Elaine Connelly in the 1999 movie The Green Mile.

Brent was born in Houston, Texas on September 11, 1929. She was married to Micahel Ashe until his death in 2008. They had a son. Brent died on August 27, 2011 in Sun Valley, California from natural causes. She was 81 years old.

References

Other websites

1929 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Houston, Texas
Saturn Award winners
Eugene Levy,  (born December 17, 1946) is a Canadian movie, television, stage, voice actor, and comedian. He is known for his role in the all eight of the American Pie series of movies. He appeared in the 2012 movie Madea's Witness Protection. He has won a Emmy Award, a Grammy Award, a Gemini Award, and a Satellite Award. He voiced Charlie, Dory's father, in the 2016 Pixar movie Finding Dory and Lou the Porcupine in Over the Hedge.

He is also known for his award-winning role as Johnny Rose in the television series Schitt's Creek.

Levy was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada on December 17, 1946. and studied at McMaster University.

He has been married to Deborah Divine since 1977. They have two children (Dan and Sarah) and currently live in Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites

 

Satellite Award winners
1946 births
Living people
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian stage actors
Canadian voice actors
Canadian comedians
Canadian movie producers
Canadian television producers
Canadian writers
Actors from Hamilton
Emmy Award winning actors
Grammy Award winners
John Christopher "Chris" Stevens (April 18, 1960 – September 12, 2012) was the tenth American ambassador to Libya from June 7, 2012 until his death on September 12, 2012.

Early life
Stevens was born in Grass Valley, California on April 18, 1960. He studied at the University of California at Berkeley, at the University of California, at Hastings College of the Law, and at the National War College.

Political career

Stevens joined the United States Foreign Service in 1991. His early overseas assignments included: deputy principal officer and political section chief in Jerusalem; political officer in Damascus; consular/political officer in Cairo; and consular/economic officer in Riyadh. In Washington, Stevens served as Director of the Office of Multilateral Nuclear and Security Affairs; Pearson Fellow with the Senate Foreign Relations Committee; special assistant to the Under Secretary for Political Affairs; Iran desk officer; and staff assistant in the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs.

Ambassador to Libya
He had served in Libya twice previously: as the Deputy Chief of Mission (from 2007 to 2009) and as Special Representative to the National Transitional Council (from March 2011 to November 2011) during the Libyan civil war. He arrived in Tripoli in May 2012 as the U.S. Ambassador to Libya.

Death
Stevens died on September 12, 2012 in Benghazi, Libya in the 2012 U.S. diplomatic missions attacks after he inhaled smoke from a smoke grenade. He was 52 years old.

According to the Daily Mail News Online, Ambassador Stevens had sent out a diplomatic cable expressing concerns, on the day he was killed. Stevens said that security at Benghazi was compromised. Stevens stated that two Libyan security groups were threatening to withdraw over a disagreement on U.S. Policy whether centrist politician Mahmoud Jibril would become Libya's prime minister.

Stevens is buried in his family's ancestral plot in Grass Valley, California.

References

Other websites
 Official bio 
 Introducing U.S. Ambassador to Libya, Chris Stevens – US Embassy Tripoli video

1960 births
2012 deaths
American murder victims
Lawyers from California
Ambassadors of the United States
Politicians from California
US Democratic Party politicians
On September 11, 2012, the United States embassies in Cairo, Egypt; Chennai, India; Tunis, Tunisia; Khartoum, Sudan; Sana'a, Yemen, and the U.S. consulate in Benghazi, Libya were attacked.

Protest and attack
On September 11, 2012, the attack was caused by protests over media excerpts from a trailer of a movie, Innocence of Muslims, which the protestors considered blasphemy against the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. In Egypt, a group scaled the embassy wall and tore down the American flag, replacing it with a black Islamist flag. In Libya, rocket-propelled grenades were fired at the consulate from a nearby farm. The attack killed the visiting U.S. Ambassador to Libya Christopher Stevens, Glen Doherty a security officer, Sean Smith a United States Foreign Service Information Management Officer, and Tyrone S. Woods a former U.S. Navy Seal, ten Libyan police officers, and two others. The protest ended on September 27, 2012.

Deaths
About 75 people were killed by the attack. The most notable deaths were the ambassador to Libya Christopher Stevens, Sean Smith, Glen Doherty, and Tyrone Woods.
 Christopher Stevens (April 18, 1960 – September 11, 2012) was the ambassador. He died of suffocation from a smoke grenade.
 Sean Smith (1978 – September 11, 2012) was the Information Management Officer at the embassy. He also suffocated from smoke grenades.
 Glen Doherty (c. 1970 - September 11, 2012) was a security officer at the embassy. He died after the embassy caught fire.
 Tyrone Snowden Woods (January 15, 1971 – September 12, 2012) was an American Navy soldier and part of the State Department Diplomatic Security. Woods was killed while protecting diplomats.

Other locations
Other locations include:

Some of these locations were burning the United States flag and the Israeli flag.

International locations

Related pages
 2011 Libyan civil war
 2011 Egyptian revolution

References

Other websites
 "Official Webpage - United States embassy in Libya" 
 "Official Webpage - United States embassy in Egypt" 
 "Official Webpage - United States embassy in Yemen" 
 "Official Webpage - United States embassy in India" 
 "Official Webpage - United States embassy in Islam" 
 "Official Webpage - United States embassy in Sudan" 
 "Official Webpage - United States embassy in Tunisia" 
 "Official Webpage - United States embassy in Israel" 

2012 in Asia
2012 in India
2012 in the United States
2010s in Israel
2010s murders in Africa
2010s murders in Asia
21st century in Egypt
21st century in Tunisia
2010s in Yemen
Assassinations
Attacks on buildings and structures in Africa
Attacks on buildings and structures in Asia
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 2010s
Benghazi
Cairo
Chennai
History of Libya
Islamic terrorist attacks

Mass murder in Africa
Mass murder in Asia
Murder in 2012
Protests in the 2010s

September events
Sudan
Terrorist incidents in Africa in the 2010s
Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 2010s
Tunis
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in living cells. It adjusts (moderates) the activity of their genes. RNAi molecules are a key to gene regulation. In 2006, Andrew Fire and Craig Mello shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, published in 1998.

Two types of small RNA molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – do the work. These small RNAs bind to normal messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and increase or decrease their activity. They can prevent a mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference defends cells against foreign nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. Also, they control development, and gene expression in general.

The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes including animals. RNAi is a valuable research tool, in cell culture and in living organisms. Synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can suppress  specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that shut down each gene to analyse cellular process or  cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology and medicine.

Functions

Natural functions 
The natural functions of RNA interference are: 
Immunity against foreign virus (and other) RNAs
Upregulation of genes
Downregulation of genes

Artificial functions 
Gene editing

References 

RNA
The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is a group of psychiatrists in the United States.  The group is responsible for writing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which is used to diagnose mental illnesses.  It has about 36,000 members. Its members are from USA and other countries in the world.  The APA was founded in 1844.

References

Psychiatry
Organizations based in the United States
1844 establishments in the United States
Deidre Ann Hall (born October 31, 1947 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA) is an American actress and producer. She has been featured in many television soap opera shows. She played "Dr. Marlena Evans" in Days of Our Lives for more than 30 years.

References 

American television actors
Actors from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
1947 births
Living people
Emerson Drive are a Canadian country band from Grande Prairie, Alberta. Emerson Drive have five members in the band; the current band members are Danick Dupelle, Brad Mates, Mike Melancon, David Pichette and Dale Wallace.

The band was formed in 1995 originally known under the name 12 Gauge. The band was forced to change their name because a rap group had already owned the name. They decided to choose Emerson Drive as their name and is named for the Emerson Trail that crosses Western Alberta and joins the Alaskan Highway. They released their debut album Open Season in 1996. Their newest album Decade of Drive was released on February 8, 2011. They will release their seventh studio album in 2012. The first single, "She's My Kind of Crazy" was released on July 16, 2012.

On September 25, 2007, the bands bassist Patrick Bourque committed suicide in his Montreal, Quebec home. Bourque had quit the band in July of that year.

The band has been nominated for many awards including a Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for their song "Moments" in 2008 and many Canadian Country Music Association awards.

Discography

Studio albums
Open Season (1996)
Until You Walk the Tracks (1997)
Emerson Drive (2002)
What If? (2004)
Countrified (2006)
Believe (2009)

Compilation albums
Decade of Drive (2011)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1990s music groups
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Canadian musical groups
Country bands
Musical groups established in 1995
1995 establishments in Canada
William McKinley, the 25th President of the United States, was assassinated on September 6, 1901, inside the Temple of Music on the grounds of the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York.

McKinley was shaking hands with the people when he was shot by the anarchist Leon Czolgosz. He died days later on September 14 from his bullet wounds in Buffalo, New York, aged 58. It was later known that Czolgosz killed the McKinley in an attempt to advance anarchism.

Czolgosz was executed by the electric chair on October 29, 1901. The Vice President, Theodore Roosevelt, became America's 26th President of the United States of America.

1901 in the United States
1900s in New York (state)
Anarchism
McKinley, William
20th century in Buffalo, New York
Murder in the 20th century
William McKinley
The assassination of President James A. Garfield happened in Washington, D.C. on July 2, 1881. Garfield was shot in the back by Charles J. Guiteau at about 9:30 am, less than four months into Garfield's term as the 20th President of the United States. 

Guiteau shot Garfield after being mad at him about not receiving credit for Garfield's victory in 1880 after he wrote a speech about Garfield but never made the speech. The 31st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives James G. Blaine was at Garfield's side when he was shot down.

Garfield died eleven weeks later on September 19, 1881 aged 49. He was the second of four Presidents to be assassinated, after Abraham Lincoln and the next president to be assassinated would be William McKinley and next John F. Kennedy. His Vice President, Chester A. Arthur, became the next President after Garfield. And on June 2, 1882 Guiteau was executed by hanging, aged 40.

Garfield also lived the longest after the shooting, than the other Presidents. Lincoln and Kennedy died less than a day after being shot, and McKinley died a week later. 

1881
1880s in the United States
Garfield, James A
James A. Garfield
Murder in the 19th century
19th century in Washington, D.C.
July events
Ted is a 2012 American comedy movie, directed, produced and co-written by Seth MacFarlane. It follows a Boston resident (Mark Wahlberg) and his teddy bear (MacFarlane), who came to life with a magical wish. A sequel titled Ted 2 was released in 2015.

Cast 
 Mark Wahlberg as John Bennett
 Mila Kunis as Lori Collins
 Seth MacFarlane as Ted (voice)
 Joel McHale as Rex
 Giovanni Ribisi as Donny
 Patrick Warburton as Guy
 Matt Walsh as Thomas Murphy
 Jessica Barth as Tami-Lynn McCafferty
 Aedin Mincks as Robert
 Bill Smitrovich as Frank Stevens

References

Other websites
 
 
 

2012 comedy movies
2012 buddy movies
2010s fantasy movies
2010s sex comedy movies
American buddy movies
American fantasy movies
American sex comedy movies
Buddy comedy movies
English-language movies
Fantasy comedy movies
Movies about bears
Movies about drugs
Movies about wish fulfillment
Movies set in Boston, Massachusetts
Movies directed by Seth MacFarlane
The Sámi languages are a branch of Uralic languages. They are spoken in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. They are related to the Finnish, the Estonian, and the Hungarian language.

"The Sámi languages ... are sometimes considered dialects of one language", says Encyclopædia Britannica; those who speak one Sámi language, [mostly] do not understand other Sami languages; "[t]he Sámi languages share many features (or things,) with the Baltic-Finnic languages (Finnish, Estonian, Karelian, etc.)," but "they cannot be closely related to any of these"... "[T]heir grammars are similar to that of Finnish, although their syntax has been influenced by the Scandinavian languages."

Among the Sámi languages are
East Sami language

Western Sami languages 
 Southwestern
 Southern Sami (600)
 Åsele dialect
 Jämtland dialect
 Ume Sami (20)
 Northwestern
 Northwestern proper
 Pite Sami (20)
 Lule Sami (1,000–2,000)
 Northern Sami (20,000)
 Torne Sami
 Finnmark Sami
 Sea Sami

Eastern Sami languages 

 Mainland
 Inari Sami (300)
 Kemi Sami (extinct)
 Skolt Sami (420)
 Akkala Sami (extinct)
 Kainuu Sami (extinct)
Peninsular
 Kildin Sami (500)
 Ter Sami (2–10)

Related pages
Sami literature

References

Uralic languages
Languages of Norway
Finnish culture
Swedish culture
Russia
James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830 – January 27, 1893) was an American Republican politician. He was a United States Representative. He was the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. He was a U.S. Senator from Maine. He was the Secretary of State twice. He was also nominated to be President.

Early life

Blaine was born on January 31, 1830 in West Brownsville, Pennsylvania. He was the third child of Ephraim Lyon Blaine and his wife Maria Gillespie Blaine. He was educated at Washington College and later met his wife Harriet Stanwood. They married in 1850 and they had seven children.

Career
Blaine was a Republican. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1869 until 1875. He was chosen by the 18th United States President Ulysses S. Grant.

Blaine would later served as the Senator from Maine from 1876 through 1881. Secondly he served as the Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine's 3rd district from 1863 until 1876. Then as the 28th and 31st United States Secretary of State from 1881 through 1881 and then again in 1889 through 1892.

On July 2, 1881, Blaine and President James A. Garfield were walking in the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad station in Washington, D.C. when Charles J. Guiteau shot Garfield in the back. Blaine resigned as Secretary of State several months later.

The Republicans nominated Blaine for President in 1884 but Grover Cleveland won the election.

Death
Blaine died just 4 days short from his 63rd birthday on January 27, 1893 in his Washington, D.C. home from a heart attack, aged 62. He was later buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C. and was later re-buried in Blaine Memorial Park, Augusta, Maine, in 1920. Blaine was hypochondriac.

References

Other websites

 "James G. Blaine, Presidential Contender"  from C-SPAN's The Contenders
 
 
 
 
 

1830 births
1893 deaths
American Calvinists
Congregationalists
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Politicians from Pennsylvania
Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
United States representatives from Maine
United States Secretaries of State
United States senators from Maine
US Republican Party politicians
19th-century American politicians
Burt F. Bacharach (born May 12, 1928) is an American composer, singer, songwriter, and music producer. He wrote many hit songs. Some songs were written specifically for the singers who originally recorded them. Some of his songs were:
"Alfie"; written for the movie of the same name and nominated for an Academy Award for best original song
"What's New Pussycat?"; written for the movie of the same name and nominated for an Academy Award for best original song
"I Say a Little Prayer"; written for Dionne Warwick
"The Look of Love"; from the movie Casino Royale; nominated for an Academy Award for best original song
"Do You Know the Way to San Jose"; written for Dionne Warwick
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"; from the movie Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid; won an Academy Award for best original song. Bacharach also won the Academy Award for Best Original Score for the score to this movie.
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)"; from the movie Arthur; won an Academy Award for best original song

Sources

1928 births
Living people
American composers
American singer-songwriters
Musicians from Kansas City, Missouri
Singers from Kansas City, Missouri
Writers from Kansas City, Missouri
Academy Award winning composers
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Michael Wallis (born October 7, 1945) is an American historian, writer, journalist, movie, and voice actor. He is known for his voice role as Sheriff in the animated movies Cars and Cars 2. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri on October 7, 1945. He studied at the University of Missouri. Wallis is married to Suzanne Fitzgerald-Wallis.

References

Other websites
 Michael Wallis Online (official website)
 

1945 births
Living people
American journalists
American historians
American voice actors
American movie actors
Writers from St. Louis, Missouri
Actors from St. Louis, Missouri
Paul Dooley Brown (born February 22, 1928) is an American movie, television, voice actor, writer, and comedian. He is known for his role as Sarge in the Disney-Pixar animated movies Cars and Cars 2. Doooley on February 22, 1928 in Parkersburg, West Virginia. Dooley married Winnie Holzman in 1984. They have a daughter, Savannah Dooley.

References

Other websites
 

1928 births
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
American voice actors
Writers from West Virginia
Comedians from West Virginia
Actors from West Virginia
Anthony Marcus "Tony" Shalhoub (born October 9, 1953) is an American movie, stage, television, and voice actor. He is known for his roles as Adrian Monk in Monk, Alexander Minion in the first three Spy Kids movies, and as Luigi in Cars and in Cars 2. Shalhoub has also appeared in plays on stage.

Biography 
He was born in Green Bay, Wisconsin on October 9, 1953. Shalhoub is married to Brooke Adams since 1992 and they have three children.

References

Other websites

 
 

1953 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Actors from Wisconsin
People from Green Bay, Wisconsin
Peter J. Jacobson (born March 24, 1965) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He played Randy Dworkin in Law and Order, and Dr. Taub in House. He also did the voice of Acer in Cars 2. Jacobson was born in Chicago, Illinois to Walter Jacobson. He studied at Brown University.

References

Other websites
 
 

1965 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Chicago
Walter David Jacobson (born July 28, 1937) is an American, historian, and television personality. He is the anchor of WBBM-TV news at 6:00 pm. He was the anchor of WFLD news until his retirement in 2006.

Jacobson was born in Chicago, Illinois on July 28, 1937. He attended New Trier High School and Grinnell College. He got a B.A. degree. He went to Columbia University in New York to receive his J.D. degree. He was married to Lynn Straus from 1960 until they divorced in the 1970s. They had two children including actor Peter Jacobson. He was married to Diane Dybsky from 1980 until they divorced. They had two children. He has been married to Susan Jacobson since 1995. 

He currently lives in Chicago, Illinois. On June 18, 2008 Jacobson was arrested for DUI driving near his Chicago home. He pleaded guilty and received supervision. On November 2002 he slipped on a pumpkin in his house and broke several ribs.

References

Other websites
 Mugshot photo 

1937 births
Living people
American television news anchors
Television personalities from Chicago
American historians
Journalists from Chicago
Edgar Peter Lougheed, PC, CC, AOE, QC, (July 26, 1928 – September 13, 2012) was a Canadian lawyer, politician, and professional football player.

Early life
Lougheed was born on July 26, 1928 in Calgary, Alberta. He studied at the University of Alberta and at Harvard University. 

Lougheed was married to Jeanne Rogers until his death in 2012. They had four children.

Career
In 2012, the Institute for Research on Public Policy named him the best Canadian premier of the last 40 years. He was the 10th Premier of Alberta from September 10, 1971 through November 1, 1985. 

Lougheed has also been a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta for Calgary West from May 23, 1967 through February 28, 1986.

Death
Lougheed died on September 13, 2012 in Peter Lougheed Hospital in Calgary, Alberta from natural causes, aged 84.

References

1928 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Premiers of Alberta
Canadian football
Canadian lawyers
Politicians from Calgary
Alfred Molina (born Alfredo Molina; 24 May 1953) is an English actor. He played Diego Rivera in Frida, Satipo in Raiders of the Lost Ark, Dr. Octopus in Spider-Man 2 and Spider-Man: No Way Home, and Maxim Horvath in The Sorcerer's Apprentice.

Molina was born on 24 May 1953 in Paddington, London, England to an Italian mother and Spanish father. He grew up in Notting Hill, London. He studied at Guildhall School of Music and Drama.

Molina was married to actress Jill Gascoine from 1986 until her death in 2020. He has one daughter from another relationship. In 2019, he began dating Jennifer Lee. They were married in 2021.

Molina lives in Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites
 
 

1953 births
Living people
Actors from London
Drama Desk Award winners
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
People from Paddington
Lynn Rachel Redgrave, OBE (8 March 1943 – 2 May 2010) was a Golden Globe Award winning English actress. She has been nominated for many other awards including the Academy, BAFTA and Emmy awards. Redgrave starred in many movies and plays as well as working on television. She made her Broadway debut in 1967. She was the sister of actress Vanessa Redgrave and actor Corin Redgrave. She was an aunt of actresses Natasha Richardson and Joely Richardson. Redgrave died of breast cancer.

Other websites 

Actors from London
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in Connecticut
Deaths from breast cancer
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
1943 births
2010 deaths
Highmark Stadium is a large stadium in Orchard Park, New York. It is the home of the Buffalo Bills team.

The stadium has had several names during its history. It opened in 1973 as Rich Stadium, after the food products company of that name. After the sponsorship contract ran out in 1998, it was renamed Ralph Wilson Stadium in honor of Ralph Wilson (1918-2014), the team's founding owner from 1960 until his death in 2014. A new sponsorship contract with locally based headwear company New Era in 2016 led to a new name of New Era Field. In July 2020, New Era asked to be released from its contract, and the stadium became Bills Stadium for the 2020 NFL season. The current name took effect in March 2021, after regional health insurance company Highmark Blue Cross Blue Shield signed a 10-year naming deal.

References

Other websites
Stadium site on buffalobills.com

Sports buildings in New York
National Football League venues
Buffalo Bills
Cosmopolitan is an American magazine. It began publication around 1886 as a family magazine, although it later became a women's magazine around 1960. Topics include fashion, beauty, sex and health related issues.

Sources

American women's magazines
Monthly magazines
Seventeen is a 20th-century American teen magazine. It was the first teenage magazine in the United States. This magazine is mostly for girls and women between age 12 to 19. It began as a publication for inspiring teen girls to be role models. This magazine was first published in September 1944.

Monthly magazines
American teen magazines
American children's magazines
Edward Davis "Ed" Wood, Jr. (October 10, 1924 – December 10, 1978) was an American screenwriter, director, producer, actor, author, and editor who is known for his works in low-budget horror or fantasy movies and is also known for his works with Bela Lugosi. Wood is considered one of the worst movie directors of all time. His most famous were Plan 9 from Outer Space, Bride of the Monster and Glen or Glenda.

Wood was born in Poughkeepsie, New York on October 10, 1924. At a young age, because his mother had wanted a girl, he was forced to dress up as a girl and would have that crossdressing habit for the rest of his life.  Wood had a lifelong attraction to the feel of angora. 

Wood was married to Norma McCarty in 1956 until they divorced several months later. Then he married Kathy O'Hara in 1956. They were married until his death in 1978. Wood had an illigitimate daughter from a 1946 relationship who lived in NY. 

Wood died on December 10, 1978 in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack, aged 54. 

A 1994 movie was released based on Wood's life directed by Tim Burton. Johnny Depp played Wood in the movie.

References

Other websites 

1924 births
1978 deaths
Actors from New York
American movie actors
American movie editors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Movie directors from New York
Movie producers from New York
Screenwriters from New York
People from Poughkeepsie, New York
John Cabell "Bunny" Breckinridge (August 6, 1903 – November 5, 1996) was an American movie, television actor, and drag queen. He was best known for his role as The Ruler in Ed Wood's movie Plan 9 from Outer Space. That was the only movie role in his career.

He was born in Paris, France to an American family. Breckinridge was gay and talked about having a sex change operation but never had it. He died on November 5, 1996 in San Francisco, California from natural causes, aged 93. In the 1994 movie Ed Wood he was played by Bill Murray.

References

Other websites

Bunny's Obituary 

1903 births
1996 deaths
Actors from San Francisco
Actors from Paris
American movie actors
American television actors
Deaths from natural causes
Drag queens
Gay men
LGBT actors
LGBT people from California
Walter Andrew Brennan (July 25, 1894 – September 21, 1974) was an American movie, television, and stage actor. He was in the TV series The Real McCoys. He is tied with Jack Nicholson for the actor winning the most Academy Awards.

Brennan was born in Lynn, Massachusetts on July 25, 1894 and studied at Rindge Technical High School. He was married to Ruth Wells from 1920 until his death in 1974, they had three children. He died on September 21, 1974 in Oxnard, California from emphysema, aged 80.

References

Other websites

1894 births
1974 deaths
Deaths from emphysema
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American television personalities
American radio personalities
Singers from Massachusetts
Actors from Massachusetts
Academy Award winning actors