cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ralph Milne (13 May 1961 – 6 September 2015) was a Scottish footballer. He played for Dundee United, Charlton Athletic, Bristol City and Manchester United. He played as both an attacking midfielder or a winger.

Milne died in Dundee, Scotland from liver disease, aged 54.

References

1961 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from liver disease
Disease-related deaths in Scotland
People from Dundee
Scottish footballers
Calvin J. Spann (November 28, 1924 – September 6, 2015) was an original Tuskegee Airman and fighter pilot with the 100th Fighter Squadron of the 332nd Fighter Group. 

Spann received his wings from the Tuskegee Flight School as a part of the graduating class of 44G. As a member of the United States Army Air Corps, he served in Europe during World War II, where Spann flew 26 combat missions before the end of the war in the European Theatre.

References

1924 births
2015 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
People from New Jersey
Martin Sam Milner (December 28, 1931 – September 6, 2015) was an American movie, stage, radio and television actor. Milner was best known for his performances in two popular television series: Route 66, which aired on CBS from 1960 to 1964, and Adam-12, which aired on NBC from 1968 to 1975.

Milner died at his home in Carlsbad, California at the age of 83.

References

Other websites

 
 

1931 births
2015 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
Romain Rolland (29 January 1866, Clamecy, Nièvre – 30 December 1944, Vézelay) was a French writer. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1915. He wrote dramas, novels, and essays.

Work

Novels and novellas 
 Jean-Christophe
 Colas Breugnon
 Pierre et Luce
 Clerambault, histoire d'une conscience libre pendant la guerre
 L'âme enchantée

Dramas 
 Orsino
 Les baglioni
 Caligula
 Le Siège de Mantoue
 Jeanne de Piennes
 Les tragédies de la foi
 Le Théâtre de la Révolution
 Le temps viendra
 La Montespan
 Les Trois amoureuses
 Empédocle
 Liluli

Other websites

1866 births
1944 deaths
French essayists
French Nobel Prize winners
French novelists
French playwrights
People from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Shahbazpur () is a union parishad under Sarail Upazila of Brahmanbaria District in the Chittagong Division of eastern Bangladesh.

References

Other websites 
 Google Maps
 Wikivoyage Map
 Social Page
 Brahmanbaria District Information
 Information of this Populated place 

Settlements in Bangladesh
Human genetics is the study of inheritance as it occurs in human beings. It includes the study of human genetic disorders, the work on the human genome, and genetic counselling.

Genes are a common factor behnd most inherited traits. Study of human genetics may answer questions about human nature, and the genetics of human life. It helps us to understand the diseases we get, and helps the development of effective disease treatment.

Related pages 
Human Genome Project

Branches of genetics
Humans
Physical anthropology
Wadj-wer (meaning "Great Blue-Green") is an Egyptian god of fertility. Wadj-wer is sometimes shown as being part male and part female. He is seen as the personification of the Mediterranean Sea or some of the big lakes in the Nile Delta. He is often shown holding a ankh and a loaf. He is also shown to be pregnant, and he symbolizes the richness of the waters of the Nile delta.

References 

Encyclopedia of Gods, Kyle Cathie Limited, 2002
James P. Allen (2010). Middle Egyptian: An introduction to the language and culture of hieroglyphics (2nd ed., revised). New York: Cambridge.

Egyptian gods and goddesses
Aida is a musical by Sir Elton John and Tim Rice, first opened in 1998. It was based on the Verdi opera of the same name It was nominated for Tony Awards.

Plot

Act I

The musical opens in a modern-day museum. In the Egyptian wing, a man and woman meet each other as a statue of a female Pharaoh, Amneris, awakens ("Every Story Is A Love Story") and transports them to Ancient Egypt. Ramades, who is leader of the Egyptian army, return from an expedition through the lands of the Nubians, the longtime enemies of Egypt ("Fortune Favors The Brave"). When the soldiers capture a group of women, he is instantly drawn to one of them, Aida, who tries freeing herself by fighting one of his soldiers. After Ramades forces Aida to wash his back, she refuses, telling him that although the Egyptians took everything from the Nubians, their spirit will never be taken ("The Past Is Another Land"). Ramades saves Aida's companions from working in the copper mines (and certain death) by sending them to work in the palace grounds instead. He also sends Aida as a handmaiden to Amneris, to whom he is betrothed.

Musicals
Elton John
Preschool is a term for early childhood education. It is education for very young children between the ages of three and six, before the start of compulsory education at elementary school/primary school. There are theories of child development which influence preschool activities, with the ideas of Jean Piaget that categorise this age group as a “preoperational” stage of development being the most influential.

In Europe the terms 'nursery' and 'kindergarten' are used to describe preschooling.

Learning 
Early childhood education usually encourages children to learn by playing. But basic topics like counting or the alphabet may start to be taught.
Children
Education
Pieter van den Hoogenband (born 14 March 1978) was a former Dutch swimmer. He won three gold medals at the Olympics. He swam at the Olympics four times, from 1996 to 2008. He held the world record in the 100 meter and 200 meter freestyle. Van den Hoogenband is well known for his races in the 200 meter freestyle against Ian Thorpe from Australia.

References

Other websites

1978 births
Living people
Dutch Olympic bronze medalists
Dutch Olympic gold medalists
Dutch Olympic silver medalists
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
People from Maastricht
Sportspeople from Limburg (Netherlands)
Swimmers
Jonathan "Jon" Batiste (born November 11, 1986) is an American singer, multi-instrumentalist, educator, and bandleader. Batiste is known for being the music director and bandleader for The Late Show with Stephen Colbert.

References

Other websites

"Jon Batiste: Staying Human", interview by Bob Kenselaar, All About Jazz, January 2013, re-published June 7, 2015

1986 births
Living people
Educators from Louisiana
Singers from Louisiana
Musicians from Louisiana
Susan Allen (May 10, 1951 – September 7, 2015) was an American harpist. She released around 16 albums between 1979 and 2014. She was born in Monrovia, California.

Allen died from brain cancer on September 7, 2015 in Seattle, Washington. She was 64.

References

Other websites
 

1951 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Disease-related deaths in the United States

Musicians from California
Edward Falaise Upward (9 September 1903 – 13 February 2009) was an English novelist and short story writer. At the time of his death, he was considered the UK's oldest living author.

Early life 
He was born on 9 September 1903 in Romford, Essex, to Harold and Louisa Upward. His father was a doctor. Upward graduated from Corpus Christi College, Oxford in 1925 with a degree in English. He became a teacher which also allowed him time to write.

Writing career 
In 1931 he became interested in the Communist Party. He joined the party in 1934. He wrote for several Left-wing journals. These included New Country, The Left Review and New Writing. Upward's first novel was Journey to the Border, published in 1938. At that time Upward was better known for a 1937 essay called Sketch for a Marxist Interpretation of Literature. He wrote a trilogy called The Spiral Ascent. The second part had trouble getting published. By the time the third part was published, it had to be underwritten by the Action Council. The council only agreed after pressure from Upward's friends. The three were titled In the Thirties (1962), The Rotten Elements (1969), and No Home But the Struggle (1977). The last two were almost completely ignored at the time. 

He enjoyed a resurgence in his nineties with the publication of several of his short stories. These were The Mortmere Stories (co-written with Christopher Isherwood during their time at Cambridge in the 1920s), An Unmentionable Man (1994), The Scenic Railway (1997), The Coming Day (2000), and A Renegade in Springtime (2003), the last to celebrate his 100th birthday. 

He died on 13 February 2009, aged 105, in Pontefract, West Yorkshire, England.

References

Other websites 
 Edward Upward, The Spiral Ascent
 Edward Upward: An artistic vision at odds with his politics, WSWS

English novelists
1903 births
2009 deaths
Communists
Revenge is doing something to hurt another person because they believe that person hurt them. It is also called vengeance, vendetta, payback, retribution or retaliation. It can also be doing something to get even for an insult, real or perceived. Vengeance is as old as people are. it is a natural urge that has been examined by psychologists, philosophers, legal scholars, poets, playwrights and others. Anthropologists have discovered chimpanzees will try to get revenge on thieves who steal their food.

The psychology of revenge 
In a 2004 issue of Science, Swiss researchers scanned the brains of several subjects who had been intentionally "wronged" in an experiment. They were then given a chance to get even with the person they thought wronged them. As they thought about how they could get revenge, their brain activity showed a rush of rush of activity in the caudate nucleus. This is the part of the brain that processes rewards. This gives some psychological confirmation to the saying Revenge is sweet.

Pitfalls of revenge 
The ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius said: ""Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two graves." "Payback's a bitch!" is the more modern version. The person seeking revenge is often hurt as badly as his victim. Often, the one seeking revenge has to take on the very qualities he or she hated in the first place.

It becomes a case of "you hurt me, I'll hurt you back". Taking revenge on someone may cause them to retaliate and take revenge on you. This process keeps going back and forth until it becomes a blood feud involving families, tribes, even nations. On a world level, feuds have been going on for centuries. A desire for revenge comes from a shared human desire for justice. But revenge twists justice into what is needed at the moment.

Growing evidence shows abused children often inflict revenge on themselves and those around them. By not experiencing a healthy development they do not have a healthy sense of justice. By not having developed a healthy understanding of interpersonal relationships, it can lead to criminal behavior. Studies of Juvenile delinquents and inmates shows a strong connection between criminal behavior and a history of being abused as a child. As teens, many engage in revenge fantasies.

Related terms 
Sometimes revenge or acts of revenge are actually other feelings disguised as revenge. 
 Envy comes from a comparison where someone feels they have been slighted. Someone who feels envy wants to hurt or take over the person or thing they hate. They seek revenge because of envy.
 Self-defense is often for protecting someone or something against another. A claim of self-defense may sometimes be used to hide something that was actually done for revenge.
 A scapegoat is someone who is blamed for something someone else actually did. It can also be a person someone wants to make suffer as revenge for something.

References

Other page 
Nemesis
 
Violence
Queen Rania of Jordan (; born Rania al-Yassin and sometimes called Rania al-Abdullah; born on 31 August 1970 in Kuwait City, Kuwait) is the Queen consort of Jordan. After she married Abdullah II of Jordan, she became known for her work in education, health, community empowerment and micro-finance. She also uses social media often (Facebook, Twitter and YouTube). She has two daughters and two sons. She has been given many awards by governments.

Personal life 

Rania al-Yassin was born in Kuwait to Palestinian parents. She went to the New English School in Jabriya, Kuwait. She got a degree in business administration at the American University in Cairo. Before graduating from the American University, she worked with Citibank and Apple, Inc..

Work

Work in Jordan

Education and health 

Queen Rania of Jordan has launched and fought for many initiatives in education and learning.

In July 2005, in partnership with the Ministry of Education, the King and Queen created the Queen Rania Award for Excellence in Education. It is an annual award for teachers.

Queen Rania is the chairperson of Jordan's first children's museum. It was opened in May of 2007. It encourages lifelong learning for children and their families. In 2007, Queen Rania began a program to renovate 500 of Jordan's schools in a period of five years. Queen Rania is also chairperson of the Royal Health Awareness Society (RHAS).

Community empowerment 

Queen Rania created the Jordan River Foundation in 1995. This foundation works to empower society, especially women and children, to improve the quality of life and make a better future for all Jordanians. She also created the Jordan River Children Program (JRCP). This program wants to place children’s well-being above politics and cultural taboos. After two children were killed in Jordan because of child abuse, Queen Rania called for an emergency meeting to discuss where the system was failing.

Online

YouTube 

On 30 March 2008, Queen Rania launched her own YouTube channel. It was originally to invite viewers to give their opinions on the Middle East and talk about the stereotypes they may have of Arabs and Muslims.

Related pages

List of Jordanian consorts

References

Other websites 

Official website
Madrasati
Jordan Education Initiative 
Global Campaign for Education
Education for All: Class of 2015
National Council for Family Affairs

1970 births
Living people
Kings and Queens consort of Jordan
Recipients of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
People from Tulkarm
William B. Provine (February 19, 1942 – September 1, 2015) was an American historian of science and of evolutionary biology and population genetics. He was best known for his several different positions held at Cornell University. Provine also appeared in Ben Stein's documentary movie Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed (2008).

Provine was born in Nashville, Tennessee. He was married to Gail and had two sons.

Provine died from brain cancer on September 1, 2015 in Horseheads, New York. He was 73.

Selected bibliography
 Provine W.B. 1971. The origins of theoretical population genetics. 
 Mayr E. and  Provine W.B. (eds) 1980. The evolutionary synthesis: erspectives on the unification of biology. 
 Provine W.B. 1986. Sewall Wright and evolutionary biology. 
 Provine W.B. (ed) 1986. Evolution: selected papers by Sewall Wright. 
 Provine W.B. 1986. Geneticists and race. American Zoologist 26: 857-887.
 Provine W.B. 1989. Progress in evolution and meaning in life. In: M. Nitecki (ed) Evolutionary progress. 
 Cain A.J. and W.B. Provine 1992. Genes and ecology in history. In Berry R.J; T.J. Crawford & G.M. Hewitt, eds. Genes in ecology: 33rd Symposium of the British Ecological Society. 
 Provine W.B. 2014. The "random genetic drift" fallacy. .

References

1942 births
2015 deaths
American historians
American biologists
Cancer deaths in New York
Deaths from brain cancer
Scientists from Nashville, Tennessee
University of Chicago alumni
Educators from Nashville, Tennessee
This is a list of all the queens consort of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. No woman is allowed to be a queen regnant.

References
Tasmannia is a genus of woody, evergreen flowering plants native to Australia, New Guinea, Celebes, Borneo and the Philippines. Most species have aromatic bark and leaves. Some are used to extract essential oils. Their peppery-flavored fruits and leaves (especially dried) are increasingly used as a condiment in Australia. They have a peppery flavour due to the presence of polygodial. The taste is a cross between chile and peppercorn.

Distribution and habitat
In Australia, the genus ranges from Tasmania and eastern Victoria and New South Wales to southeastern Queensland. It is also found in the mountains of northeastern Queensland. There it grows in moist mountain forests and in wet areas in the drier forest and along watercourses to up to 1500 m (5000 ft).

Culinary use
'Tasmanian pepper' or 'mountain pepper' (pictured) was the original pepperbush used by colonial Australians. It was grown in Cornwall in England, to become the 'Cornish pepperleaf' (associated with Cornish cuisine).  It has large, peppery berries which are also high in antioxidants. But due to the presence of safrole, safrole-free strains of mountain pepper are selected for the spice trade. 

Dorrigo pepper (Tasmannia stipitata) was the original pepper bush present in specialty foods restaurants in the 1980s. It is also sold as a spice today. Dorrigo pepper is safrole free and has a strong peppery flavour.

References

Other websites
 Tasmannia purpurascens (Australian National Botanic Gardens)
 Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages: Tasmanian Pepper
 Diemen Pepper: Plant information

Spices
Magnoliopsida
DNA methylation is the main way gene activity is adjusted during life, especially during early development.

It is a process by which methyl groups are added to DNA.  This suppresses gene transcription.  Two of DNA's four nucleotides, cytosine and adenine, can be methylated. Since adenine methylation is restricted to prokaryotes, all eukaryote transcription is regulated by suppressing cytosine.

Suppressing genes is the basis of epigenetics, the study of changes in gene activity which are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence. It is the study of gene expression, the way genes bring about their phenotypic effects.

The changes in gene activity by methylation may last for the rest of the cell's life, and for many generations of cells through cell divisions. However, there is no change in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism. Instead, non-hereditary factors cause the organism's genes to behave (express themselves) differently.

To give just one example of how important this is, think about the effect nutrition of a pregnant female has on the baby long after birth.

References 

Cell biology
DNA
Developmental biology
Molecular biology
Epigenetics
A honey bee (or honeybee) is any bee that is a member of the genus Apis. They are all eusocial flying insects which live in colonies of various sizes. They are only a small fraction of the 20,000 known species of bee.

They produce and store honey and make perennial, colonial nests from wax. in contrast to the stingless honey bees. 

Honey bees are the only living members of the tribe Apini, all in the genus Apis. There are only seven species of honey bee, with a total of 44 subspecies. Historically, from six to eleven species have been recognized. 

Some other types of  bees produce and store honey, but only members of the genus Apis are true honey bees. The study of honey bees is known as 'melittology'.

The first Apis bees appear in the European fossil record at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary (34 million years ago). This shows that the bees were present in Europe by that time. Few fossil deposits are known from South Asia, the suspected region of honey bee origin.

No Apis species existed in the New World during human times before the introduction of A. mellifera by Europeans. Only one fossil species is known, a single 14-million-year-old specimen from Nevada.

The close relatives of modern honey bees – bumblebees and stingless bees – are also social, but with smaller numbers in their families.

All honey bees (and perhaps all bees) use scent as a way to co-ordinate their activities. Nasonov's gland produces a pheromone used to get worker bees together. The pheromone can attract workers to a settled swarm and draw bees who have lost their way back to the hive.

Mating information 
 Queens are produced by mating between females and drones (male), and are fed with royal jelly (honey and pollen). This special feeding is done during the second and third days of the larva's life. One queen per hive is usual. Nurse bees do the care and feeding of the queen and the next generation. They are haploid females.
 Mating takes place between a queen and drones from other colonies.
 A fertilized queen can lay male or female eggs. Eggs laid by the queen are usually unfertilized. They become haploid female workers: the bees seen usually collecting pollen and nectar from flowers are the female workers. 
 The average lifespan of a queen is three to four years. Drones usually die after mating or are expelled from the hive before the winter. Workers live for a few weeks to several months.

References

Related pages 
Beekeeping
Bees
The Negev tortoise (Testudo werneri) is a tortoise found mainly in the Negev desert in southern Israel. It was once present in the Sinai Peninsula. In Israel it is protected by law and there are conservation programs. It is currently considered a critically endangered species. 

The Negev is one of the world's smallest tortoises. Unlike other tortoises it does not hibernate in winter. Instead, winter is the breeding season.  In 2010 the IUCN recommended that Israel take additional steps to protect the Negev tortoise including creating a wildlife preserve.

There is some disagreement over whether the Negev tortoise is the same species as the Kleinmann's tortoise.

References

Turtles
Diana Ross (also re-released as Ain't No Mountain High Enough) is the self-titled debut solo album by American recording artist Diana Ross. It was released on June 19, 1970 by Motown Records. The album was released after Ross left R&B girl group The Supremes, a group Ross had been in since 1959.

Reviews

The album was quite successful and critics felt that the album is one of Ross’ best albums she had released in her career.

Track listing
All tracks written and produced by Nickolas Ashford & Valerie Simpson, except for "These Things Will Keep Me Loving You", written by Johnny Bristol/Harvey Fuqua/Sylvia Moy and produced by Bristol.

Side A
"Reach Out and Touch (Somebody's Hand)" – 3:02
"Now That There's You" – 3:27
"You're All I Need to Get By" (originally recorded by Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell) – 3:24
"These Things Will Keep Me Loving You" (originally recorded by The Velvelettes) – 3:06
"Ain't No Mountain High Enough" (originally recorded by Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell) – 6:18

Side B
"Something on My Mind" – 2:24 (originally recorded by Syreeta Wright)
"I Wouldn't Change the Man He Is" (originally recorded by Blinky)  – 3:15
"Keep an Eye" (originally recorded by Diana Ross & The Supremes) – 3:12
"Where There Was Darkness" – 3:12
"Can't It Wait Until Tomorrow" – 3:12
"Dark Side of the World" (originally recorded by The Velvelettes) – 3:08

Expanded edition bonus tracks
"Something on My Mind" [live] (Ashford, Simpson) – 2:37
"Ain't No Mountain High Enough" [alternate mix] (Ashford, Simpson) – 6:06
"Now That There's You" [alternate vocal version]  (Ashford, Simpson) – 3:08
"These Things Will Keep Me Loving You" [alternate mix] (Bristol, Rose, Fuqua) – 3:13
"Time and Love" (Laura Nyro) – 4:08
"Stoney End" (Nyro) – 3:39
"The Interim" (Cheryl Ernst-Wells)  – 4:49
"Love's Lines, Angles and Rhymes" (Dorothea Joyce) – 4:02

Personnel
Diana Ross: lead vocals
Nickolas Ashford & Valerie Simpson: producers, background vocals
Johnny Bristol: producer, additional vocals on "These Things Will Keep Me Loving You"
Paul Riser: arranger
The Andantes: background vocals
Jackey Beavers: background vocals
Maxine & Julia Waters: background vocals on "These Things Will Keep Me Loving You"
The Funk Brothers: instrumentation

Singles history
"Reach Out and Touch (Somebody's Hand)" b/w "Dark Side of the World" (Motown 1165, April 1970)
"Ain't No Mountain High Enough" b/w "Can't It Wait Until Tomorrow" (Motown 1169, July 16, 1970)

Chart history

Album

Singles

References

1970 albums
Diana Ross
R&B albums
Soul albums
A nature reserve (preserve or (national/nature) conserve) is a protected area. It protects wildlife, flora (plants) and fauna (animals). Reserves may also protect geological features or other special interests. A nature reserve is land that is kept for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research.

Nature reserves can be created by government institutions. They can also be created by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions, regardless of nationality. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an organization that helps countries and others with conservation programs and management.

Related pages
 Marine reserve

References 

Natural resources
Conservation
Protected areas
Wrangell Island is an island in the Alaska Panhandle of southeastern Alaska. It is  long and 8–23 km (3–14 miles) wide.  It has a land area of , making it the 29th largest island in the United States. Wrangell is separated from the mainland by the narrow Blake Channel. 

Wrangell has been ruled by Russia, Great Britain and the United States. It was visited in 1799 by The Dragon, a ship out of Boston, Massachusetts. They traded with the Stikine Tlingit peoples. It was occupied in 1834 by the Russians. It is named after Ferdinand Wrangel, a German explorer in Russian service. From 1867 to 1877 it was a U.S. military post. Later it was a stopping point for hunters, explorers and miners using the Stikine river route to the Yukon.

The island contains the city of Wrangell, Alaska. Wrangell Island is heavily forested and contains an abundance of wildlife. The only other community is Thoms Place. Wrangell Island's total population was 2,401 at the 2000 census. Fishing and mining are the main jobs. A sawmill closed in the 1990s. The island and surrounding areas contain many recreational areas. It is at the mouth of the Stikine River.

References

Islands of Alaska
The University of Chicago sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests at the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois in 1962. It was because of segregation at the university. It was led by future United States senator of Vermont Bernie Sanders.

References

Bernie Sanders
1960s in Chicago
1962 in the United States
Everything Is Everything is the second album by Diana Ross, released in 1970. After the huge success of her self-named album and the two singles released from it, Motown rushed the release of Everything is Everything album and therefore the album was released just a few months after it. Like Ross' previous album, the album had two singles released off of it, "I'm Still Waiting" and "Doobedood'ndoobe, Doobedood'ndoobe, Doobedbood'ndoo".

Reviews

Track listing

Side A
"My Place" (Hal Davis, Mel Larson, Jerry Marcellino) – 2:46
"Ain't No Sad Song" (Hal Davis, Berry Gordy, Diana Ross) – 2:42
"Everything Is Everything" (Berry Gordy) – 2:27
"Baby It's Love" (Marvin Gaye, Anna Gordy Gaye, Charles Laskey) – 3:09
"I'm Still Waiting" (Deke Richards) – 3:44
"Doobedood'ndoobe, Doobedood'ndoobe, Doobedood'ndoo" (Deke Richards) – 4:52

Side B
"Come Together" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney)  – 6:40
"The Long and Winding Road" (Lennon, McCartney)  – 3:26
"I Love You (Call Me)" (Aretha Franklin)  – 3:23
"How About You?" (Deke Richards, Sandra Sanders, David VanDePitte) – 2:47
"(They Long to Be) Close to You" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David)  – 4:07

2008 expanded edition bonus tracks
"I Wish I Knew" (Debbie Dean, Deke Richards) – 3:30
"What Are You Doing the Rest of Your Life?" (Marilyn Bergman, Alan Bergman, Michel Legrand) – 3:25
"Something" (George Harrison) – 3:11
"Ain't No Sad Song" (Davis, Gordy, Ross) – 3:16
"Baby It's Love" (Alternate version) (Gaye, Gaye, Laskey) – 3:42
"Come Together" (1982 "Revelations" remix) (Lennon, McCartney) – 4:04
"I'm Still Waiting" (1990 Phil Chill remix) (Richards) – 4:08

Singles

References

1970 albums
Diana Ross
R&B albums
Soul albums
Antonella Lualdi (born 6 July 1931) is an Italian actress and singer. She appeared in many Italian and French movies in the 1950s and 1960s, notably in Claude Autant-Lara's movie Le rouge et le noir in 1954, opposite Gérard Philipe.

References

Other websites

1931 births
Living people
Italian movie actors
Italian singers
People from Beirut
Luchino Visconti di Modrone, Count of Lonate Pozzolo (2 November 1906 – 17 March 1976), was an Italian theatre, opera and movie director, as well as a screenwriter. He was best known for his movies The Leopard (1963) and Death in Venice (1971).

Visconti died from a stroke in Rome, Italy, aged 69.

Other websites

Biography, Filmography and More on Luchino Visconti  
British Film Institute: "Luchino Visconti" : filmography
Hutchison, Alexander, "Luchino Visconti’s Death in Venice", Literature/Film Quarterly, v. 2, 1974. (In-Depth Analysis of Death in Venice).

1906 births
1976 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Italy
Deaths from stroke
Italian movie directors
Italian screenwriters
James Edward Proctor, Jr. (June 14, 1936 – September 10, 2015) was an American politician. He represented district 27A in the Maryland House of Delegates from May 1990 until his death.

Proctor was born in Washington, D.C. to an African American family. He lived in Accokeek, Maryland with his wife Elizabeth G. Proctor.

Proctor died from heart disease on September 10, 2015 in Washington, D.C., aged 79.

References 

1936 births
2015 deaths
African American politicians
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Washington, D.C.
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
George R. Klare (Minneapolis, 1922 – The Plains, Ohio, 2006) was a World War II veteran and  a distinguished professor of psychology and dean at Ohio University.

World War II
Klare served as a navigator on a B-17 Flying Fortresss in the Eighth Air Force in England. On December 31, 1944, he was shot down over Germany.  He spent the rest of World War II in German POW camps. He was liberated by advancing Soviet troops from Stalag Luft One on May 1, 1945. He was honorably discharged as a First Lieutenant in December, 1945, receiving the Air Medal, the Purple Heart, European area ribbons and the Prisoner of War medal.

Klare later recounted his experiences as a prisoner of war in a chapter entitled "Questions" in Interrogations, Confessions, and Entrapment, published by Springer in 2004.

In 1978, he was named Distinguished Professor of Psychology. While at Ohio University, he served as chair of the Psychology Department from 1959 to 1963, as acting dean of the College of Arts and Sciences in 1965–66 and in 1984–85, and as Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences from 1966 to 1971. He was also acting associate provost for graduate and research programs from 1986 until his retirement in 1987. in 1981, Klare was elected to the Reading Hall of Fame of the International Reading Association in 1997. He is listed in Who's Who in America.

Main works 
His major contribution was in the field of readability. From the beginning of the 20th century, the assessment of the grade level of texts for different grades of readers was a central concern of reading research. It was well known that without correctly graded texts, readers would not improve their reading skill. There were over 1,000 published studies on this topic.  Klare's contribution to that effort came both in his critical reviews of the studies and his participation in original research.

Klare G.R. & Buck B. 1954. Know your reader: the scientific approach to readability. New York: Hermitage House.
Klare G.R. 1963. The measurement of readability. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.
Klare G.R. 1975. A manual for readable writing. Glen Burnie, MD.
Klare G.R. 1984. Readability. In Handbook of Reading Research, (ed) P.D. Pearson. New York: Longman, pp. 681–744.
Klare G.R. 1985. How to write readable English. London: Hutchinson. 
Klare G.R. and Klare R. 2012. The haunting memories of war: a memoir of father and son. Bloomington, Indiana: Lulu Press.

References 

1922 births
2008 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
American psychologists
Educators
Scientists from Minneapolis, Minnesota
This is a list of the presidents of Cuba beginning in 1902.

References
Cuba – World Statesmen.org

List
Lists of politicians
Turritopsis dohrnii, the so-called immortal jellyfish, is a species of small jellyfish found in the Mediterranean Sea and in the waters off Japan. 

It is the only known case of an animal which can revert completely to a sexually immature, colonial stage after it has reached sexual maturity as an individual.

Like most other hydrozoans, T. dohrnii begin life as free-swimming tiny larvae known as a planula. As a planula settles down, it gives rise to a colony of polyps that are attached to the sea-floor. 

Jellyfish, also known as medusae, bud off these polyps and continue their life in a free-swimming form. Eventually they become sexually mature. All the polyps and jellyfish coming from a single planula are genetically identical clones.

Turritopsis dohrnil is a species of jellyfish that apparently does not die of natural causes, because it can revert to the juvenile stage from the adult stage. However, it is not actually immortal. Most Turritopsis are likely to be eaten by predators or die from disease in the adult stage.

Shin Kubota from Kyoto University, has managed to keep these jellyfish for a long time. 
Kubota reported that during a two-year period, his colony rebirthed itself 11 times.

References 

Jellyfish
Cnidarians
Barbara Palvin (, born 8 October 1993) is a Hungarian model and actress. 
She started her career in 2010 by walking the runway for a Prada fashion show. Miuccia Prada chose her to walk exclusively for her brand.

In 2012, she became a spokesmodel for L'Oréal and walked the Victoria's Secret fashion show. 

In 2014, she portrayed Antimache in Hercules.

References

1993 births
Living people
People from Budapest
Models
Stillwater is a city in Washington County, Minnesota. It is on the St. Croix River directly across from the state of Wisconsin. The population was 18,225 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat. Stillwater is part of the Twin Cities Metro Area.

History

Treaties 
On July 29 and September 29, 1837, treaties were signed between the US government and the local Ojibwa and Dakota nations. They allowed settlement in the St. Croix River Valley. The town was founded by settlers drawn by the area's then-abundant lumber and river traffic. It is one of Minnesota's oldest towns, preceding Minneapolis by several years. Stillwater was officially incorporated as a city on March 4, 1854 (the same day as St. Paul). The city was named for the calm waters of the St. Croix River.

Territorial convention 
Stillwater is often called the birthplace of Minnesota. In 1848, a territorial convention that began the process of establishing Minnesota as a state was held in Stillwater. The convention selected three leading Minnesota cities as locations for three important public institutions. Minneapolis got the University of Minnesota, Saint Paul became the capital, and Stillwater was chosen as the site of the territory's first prison. The Minnesota Territorial Prison was opened in 1853.

Lumbering era 
Lumbering was the main industry in the St. Croix River Valley in the second half of the nineteenth century. For many years logs were sent down the St. Croix river, collected at the St. Croix Boom Site two miles upstream of Stillwater, and processed in Stillwater's many sawmills. Steamboats were used most widely from 1860 to 1890, and a few are still used for entertainment today.

Civil war 
Stillwater sent men of the 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Company B and the 8th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment Company C to fight during the American Civil War.

References 

Cities in Minnesota
County seats in Minnesota
1854 establishments in the United States
National Botanic Garden of Israel (official name: The Botanical Garden for the Native Plants of Israel in memory of Montague Lamport, in ) is a botanic garden located in Mount Scopus in Jerusalem. The garden is dedicated to the plants of Israel.

The botanic garden was opened in 1931 by Otto Warburg and Alexander Eig. They were the founders of the botanic department of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. After Mount Scopus was isolated from Israel in 1948, they decided to create a new botanical garden in West Jerusalem, in Givat Ram. The new garden, Jerusalem Botanical Gardens, was opened in 1954.

The National Botanic Garden of Israel is also an archaeological park. It has many Jewish burial caves from the Second Temple period. In the southern part of the garden there is a famous cave called the Tomb of Nicanor. The cave is also burial place of two Zionist activists: Leon Pinsker and Menachem Ussishkin.

Related pages 
 List of botanical gardens

Other websites 

  National Botanic Garden of Israel 
   National Botanic Garden of Israel at "Botanic Gardens Conservation International" website

Botanical gardens in Israel
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Mount Scopus
Willi Fuggerer (11 September 1941 – September 2015) was a German track cyclist. He was born in Nuremberg. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in the 2000 m tandem and 1000 m sprint and finished in third and fifth place, respectively.

References

1941 births
2015 deaths
German cyclists
German Olympic bronze medalists
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics 
People from Nuremberg
Sportspeople from Bavaria
Antoine Lahad (1927 – 10 September 2015) was a Lebanese general and leader of the South Lebanon Army (SLA) from 1984 until 2000.

Lahad died in Paris on 10 September 2015 from a heart attack, aged 88.

References

1927 births
2015 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in France
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Generals
Lebanese Christians
Lebanese military people
Adrian Frutiger (May 24, 1928 – September 12, 2015) was a Swiss typeface designer. He was known for typing name of cities and towns on road signs. His most famous signs designs include Univers, Frutiger and Avenir. He was born in Unterseen, Switzerland.

Frutiger died in Bremgarten bei Bern, Switzerland, aged 87.

References

1928 births
2015 deaths
Swiss writers
Hudson is a city in and the county seat of St. Croix County, Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2010 United States census, its population was 12,719. It is part of the Minneapolis–St. Paul Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Hudson is bordered on the north by the village of North Hudson and the Willow River. On the North and East is the township of Hudson. To the south is the township of Troy. It is bounded on the west by the St. Croix River.

History

Hudson was settled in the summer of 1840 by Louis Massey and his brother in-law, Peter Bouchea. William Steets arrived at about the same time. Later that same year, Joseph Sauperson (commonly known as Joe LaGrue) moved there. These four are considered Hudson's original inhabitants. Massey and Bouchea settled at the mouth of the Willow River, near the present-day First and St. Croix Streets. They had been part of the group who lived for some time along the river below Fort Snelling. This appears on some old maps as "Massey's Landing". The 1840s saw a few settlers arriving here — Captain John Page, the Nobles brothers, Dr. Philip Aldrich, Ammah Andrews, Moses Perrin, Colonel James Hughes, Daniel Anderson, and others.

Hudson was originally called "Willow River". It was later named "Buena Vista" by Judge Joel Foster, founder of River Falls. This was after he returned from the Mexican–American War where he fought in the Battle of Buena Vista. In 1852, Alfred D. Gray, Hudson's first mayor, petitioned to change the name of the city to "Hudson", because the bluffs along the St. Croix River reminded him of the Hudson River in his native New York.

A large number of settlers arrived in the 1850s and 1860s. Many of were the ancestors of today's residents. The lumber industry was the prime attraction of the area. Over time sawmills were started throughout the St. Croix Valley.

On August 30, 1917 a violent mob of 1,000 held a night rally in front of the armory. They were protesting the attempt by the pacifist People's Council of America to hold a conference in Hudson's prizefighting arena. The crowd then went after the four wiktorganizers in the lobby of their hotel and threatened to hang them. Only after the pleadings of county attorney N. O. Varnum were the four allowed to leave town.

U.S. Highway 12 once crossed the St. Croix River on a toll bridge between Wisconsin and Minnesota, which provided revenue for the town. With the construction of Interstate 94, the toll bridge was removed. The long causeway extending to the former bridge location is now open to the public as a pedestrian walkway.

Hudson has grown as a tourist destination in recent years. There are shops and restaurants on the St. Croix river in its historic downtown, along with hotels and other businesses that serve traffic on Interstate Highway 94.

References 

Wisconsin
County seats in Wisconsin
1840 establishments in the United States
1840s establishments in Wisconsin Territory
On 11 September 2015, a mobile crawler crane accidentally fell onto the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. At least 118 people were killed and another 394 were injured. The victims were mostly foreigners, among the injured and dead included citizens of Indonesia, Turkey, Iran, Egypt, Algeria, Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, Afghanistan, Morocco, Iraq, Nigeria and the United Kingdom.

References

2015 disasters
Accidental deaths
Mecca
2010s in Saudi Arabia
Richard Lewis "Dick" Thornburgh (July 16, 1932 – December 31, 2020) was an American lawyer and Republican politician. He served as the 41st Governor of Pennsylvania from 1979 to 1987, and then as the U.S. Attorney General from 1988 to 1991.

Thornburg resigned as Attorney General to run for the United States Senate in Pennsylvania in 1991, but lost to Democratic Harris Wofford.

Thornburgh died on December 31, 2020 in Verona, Pennsylvania at the age of 88.

References

Other websites
The Dick Thornburgh Papers  at the University of Pittsburgh.
 The Dick Thornburgh Forum for Law and Public Policy 
Finding Aid for the Jay C. Waldman Papers, 1968–2003, AIS.2007.10, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh
Professional biography, K&L Gates 
Selection of Thornburgh quotes re Puerto Rico
Speaking biography 

Governors of Pennsylvania
United States Attorneys General
US Republican Party politicians
1932 births
2020 deaths
Lawyers from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Politicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
James Gaius Watt (born January 31, 1938) is an American lawyer and politician. He served as United States Secretary of the Interior from 1981 to 1983. He has been called "anti-environmentalist". He was one of Ronald Reagan's most controversial cabinet appointments.

1938 births
Living people
Lawyers from Wyoming
United States Secretaries of the Interior
Politicians from Wyoming
US Republican Party politicians
Donald Paul Hodel (born May 23, 1935) is an American politician and businessman. He is the former United States Secretary of Energy and former Secretary of the Interior. He served in the Ronald Reagan cabinet. He is Chairman of the company FreeEats.com/ccAdvertising.

Other websites
 

United States Secretaries of the Interior
United States Secretaries of Energy
US Republican Party politicians
1935 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Portland, Oregon
Politicians from Portland, Oregon
John Rusling Block (born February 15, 1935) is an American politician. He served as U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, during the President Reagan's administration from 1981 through 1986. He later became a lobbyist.

Other websites
John Block profile from a site on Presidents
Essays on John Block from 1977 
Block's Resignation letter to Reagan 
Horatio Alger Award site 
Essay by him
Friends of the World Food Program  United States agency helping raise funds and awareness about global hunger
John Block Reports Archived radio commentary from John Block's weekly radio spot about agriculture and government

1935 births
Living people
American lobbyists
Politicians from Illinois
United States Secretaries of Agriculture
US Republican Party politicians
Richard Edmund Lyng (June 29, 1918 – February 1, 2003) was an American politician. As a Republican, he served as the United States Secretary of Agriculture between 1986 and 1989 under the Ronald Reagan administration.

Lyng died of complications from Parkinson's disease in Modesto, California, on February 1, 2003.

Other websites

1918 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
United States Secretaries of Agriculture
US Republican Party politicians
Howard Malcolm "Mac" Baldrige, Jr. (October 4, 1922 – July 25, 1987) was an American businessman. He served as the United States Secretary of Commerce from 1981 until his death in 1987.

Baldrige died from injuries he suffered from a rodeo competition in Walnut Creek, California, aged 64.

References

Other websites
Howard M. Baldrige at Find-A-Grave
Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom - October 17, 1988 

1922 births
1987 deaths
Deaths in sport
United States Secretaries of Commerce
Businesspeople from Nebraska
Politicians from Nebraska
US Republican Party politicians
Calvin William Verity, Jr. (January 26, 1917 – January 3, 2007) was an American administrator and steel industrialist. He served as the Secretary of Commerce between 1987 and 1989, under President Ronald Reagan.

He died on January 3, 2007, a complications of pneumonia, in Beaufort, South Carolina, at the age of 89.

References

1917 births
2007 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
United States Secretaries of Commerce
Politicians from Ohio
US Republican Party politicians
Raymond James "Ray" Donovan (August 31, 1930 – June 2, 2021) was an American businessman and politician. He served as U.S. Secretary of Labor under President Reagan from 1981 until 1985. Donovan was born in Bayonne, New Jersey.

Donovan died on June 2, 2021 in New Vernon, New Jersey from congestive heart failure at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
  U.S. Department of Labor Biography 
 Raymond J Donovan at NameBase (Archive)

1930 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
United States Secretaries of Labor
Politicians from New Jersey
US Republican Party politicians
Ann McLaughlin Korologos (born Ann Lauenstein; November 16, 1941), formerly known as Ann Dore McLaughlin, is an American politician. She was the United States Secretary of Labor from 1987 to 1989.

Other websites
A Few Good Women... Ann M. Korologos

1941 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Labor
Politicians from New Jersey
US Republican Party politicians
Margaret Mary Heckler (June 21, 1931 – August 6, 2018) was an American Republican politician from Massachusetts.

She served in the United States House of Representatives for eight terms, from 1967 until 1983 and was later the Secretary of Health and Human Services and Ambassador to Ireland under President Ronald Reagan. After her defeat in 1982, no woman would be elected to Congress from Massachusetts until Niki Tsongas in a special election in 2007.

Heckler died at a hospital in Arlington, Virginia from a heart attack on August 6, 2018 at the age of 87.

References

Other websites

 Doug Allan. “Speaker of the House: Joe Martin of N. Attleboro.” Providence Journal. 07/26/1999. 
 Jane Anderson. "Two Massachusetts Incumbents Fight for Single Seat in Congress". Miami Herald. 10/17/1982. p. 5D.
 Karen DeYoung. "Margaret Heckler, All Emerald Smiles". Washington Post. 03/18/1987. p. D1.
 David Hoffman. "Heckler Offered Irish Ambassadorship". Washington Post. 10/01/1985. pA1.
 Stephanie Mansfield. "The Heckler Breakup". Washington Post. 10/16/1984. p. B1.
 Donnie Radcliffe. "The Women’s Caucus". Washington Post. 04/27/1978. p. B12.
 Spencer Rich. "Heckler’s Administrative Skills Called Inadequate for Agency". Washington Post. 10/01/1985. A1.
 Eric Scheidler. “Father and Son Rally the Troops on Maryland Truth Tour.” Pro-Life Action News. Fall 2003. 
 Myron Stuck and Sarah Fitzgerald. "Senate Confirms Heckler". Washington Post. 03/04/1983. p. A13.
 U.S. House of Representatives. Office 

1931 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Virginia
United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services
United States representatives from Massachusetts
Ambassadors of the United States to Ireland
US Republican Party politicians
Politicians from New York City