cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Con de Wet de Lange (11 February 1981 – 18 April 2019) was a South African-born Scottish cricketer. He was a left-arm orthodox spin all-rounder and a right-handed batsman. He played for teams in South Africa before playing for Northamptonshire in England. Although he was born in Bellville, in what is now Western Cape, South Africa, he played for the Scotland national team. For a time, he was Scotland's vice-captain. In June 2015, he played his first game for Scotland against Afghanistan. He played his last game for Scotland in November 2017 against Papua New Guinea.

In October 2018, Cricket Scotland said publicly that de Lange had brain cancer. He died on 18 April 2019, at the age of 38.

References

Other websites
 

1981 births
2019 deaths
South African cricketers
Scottish cricketers
Deaths from brain cancer
Scottish sportspeople
South African sportspeople
White South African people
Tommie C. Smith (born June 6, 1944) is an American former track and field athlete. He won the gold medal in the 200 meter sprint at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. As well as winning the gold medal, he was known for performing a famous Black Power salute with fellow American John Carlos on the medal podium. Smith did this as a protest against racism towards African-Americans. Smith and Carlos were also supported by Australian silver medalist Peter Norman.

Smith was born in Clarksville, Texas. His autobiography, Silent Gesture, was published in 2007.

References

Other websites

 
 Tommie Smith  at Sports-Reference.com

1944 births
Living people
African-American track and field athletes
American autobiographers
American Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Texas
Sprinters
John Wesley Carlos (born June 5, 1945) is an American former track and field athlete. He won the bronze medal in the 200 meter sprint at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. As well as winning the bronze medal, he was known for performing a famous Black Power salute with fellow American Tommie Smith on the medal podium. Carlos did this as a protest against racism towards African-Americans. Carlos and Smith were also supported by Australian silver medalist Peter Norman.

Carlos was born in Harlem, New York City. His memoir, The John Carlos Story: The Sports Moment That Changed the World, was published in 2011.

References

Other websites

 
 John Carlos  at Sports-Reference.com

1945 births
Living people
American track and field athletes
American Olympic bronze medalists
Sportspeople from New York City
Sprinters
Peter George Norman (15 June 1942 – 3 October 2006) was an Australian track and field athlete. He won the silver medal in the 200 metre sprint at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. Also at the 1968 Olympics, Norman supported African-American sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos in their Black Power salute. He also wore an Olympic Project for Human Rights (OPHR) badge as he stood on the podium with Smith and Carlos. Norman's act has been praised but afterwards his career suffered. He was not chosen for the 1972 Summer Olympics and soon retired. He was coached by Neville Sillitoe. The House of Representatives gave an official apology for this in October 2012.

Norman was born in Coburg, Victoria. He was twice married and had four children. He died of a heart attack on 3 October 2006 in Melbourne. He was 64.

References

Other websites

 Peter Norman  at Sports-Reference.com

1942 births
2006 deaths
Australian Olympic silver medalists
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Australia
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Sportspeople from Melbourne
Sprinters
Sean Dyche is a football manager and former player. He is most recognized for his work with Burnley getting them into Europe for the first time in over 50 years.

Living people
Nikki Sixx (Frank Ferrano Jr.), born December 11th, 1958 in San Jose, California. His father (Frank Ferrano), left him and his mother (Deana Richards) when he was the age of two.

Early life 
Sixx moved to his grandparents (Jerome Idaho) early on in his life, before being expelled from his school for selling drugs. Sixx attended seven schools in the span 11 years and his grandparents were fed up with his antics.  

Sixx was sent back to live with his mother in Seattle, Washington. Soon enough he attempted to arrest his mother by borrowing a knife from his neighbor, and cutting above his forearm down to the bone. Sixx confessed to the cops that it was him and not Deana. At age 17, Sixx moved to Los Angeles. He changed his name to what he's known as now as Nikki Sixx.

Career 
He auditioned for many bands as the bass player, before getting into the band London with Izzy Stradlin. He was only staying for two years before grouping together people to be in his new band, which now to be known as the popular Motley Crue. For several years he lived with members of Motley Crue (Tommy Lee, Vince Neil) in a small apartment by the Whiskey a Go Go, L.A. 

In 1987 after struggling with substance abuse, Sixx was legally dead for two minutes of a heroin overdose, luckily the paramedic was a Motley Crue fan, and shot him with adrenaline twice before Sixx woke up, only to shoot up once again a day later. When Sixx woke up with a puddle of blood in his palm, he went to rehab with Motley Crue. 

Nikki Sixx has had several spouses including Courtney Sixx (2014), Donna D'Errico (1996-2007), and Brandi Brandt (1989-1996). He has four children Storm Brieanne Sixx, Gunner Nicholas Sixx, Decker Nilsson Sixx, Frankie-Jean Sixx. Many people believe Sixx was only in the popular band Motley Crue. He was also affiliated with six(x ha g e t it) (Sixx:A.M., London, Brides of Destruction, Sister, and 58).

References

Other websites 

  

Living people
1958 births
American musicians
The Bell System was a system of companies. The companies were led by the Bell Telephone Company and later by AT&T (the American Telephone and Telegraph Company). The Bell System provided telephone service to most of the United States and Canada. Some times, it was a monopoly.

The Bell System companies were founded in 1877. People called the Bell System "Ma Bell".

On December 31, 1983, the system was divided into independent companies, known as Baby Bells and RBOCs (Regional Bell Operating Companies).

The Baby Bells were BellSouth, Southwestern Bell, Bell Atlantic, Southern New England Telephone, NYNEX, Pacific Telesis and Ameritech.

In 1994-95, Southwestern Bell changed its corporate name to SBC Communications. Between 1997 and 1999, SBC bought Pacific Telesis, SNET and Ameritech.

In 1997, Bell Atlantic blended with NYNEX. That was when Bell Atlantic began doing business in New York state and New England.

In 2000, Bell Atlantic bought GTE (General Telephone and Electronics Corporation). The corporate name was changed to Verizon. Also in 2000, Qwest bought US West. The surviving company was Qwest Communications.

In 2005-06, AT&T merged with BellSouth and SBC. AT&T was the company surviving after the merger. The company became AT&T Inc.

In 2010-11, Qwest was bought out by the CenturyLink telephone company. It was then renamed CenturyLink. The company operates in many U.S. states.

References

American telephone companies
1877 establishments in the United States
1984 disestablishments in the United States
CenturyLink is an American company from Monroe, Louisiana. It provides internet, cable television and telephone service to many areas of the United States.

The original names for the company were the Oak Ridge Telephone Company, Central Telephone and Century Telephone.

CenturyLink was established in 1930 in Oak Ridge, Louisiana. 

CenturyLink completed a merger with Qwest on Friday, April 1, 2011. CenturyLink was the surviving company. 

CenturyLink won two "Best in Class" awards in 2011.

References

20th-century establishments in Louisiana
1930 establishments in the United States
American telephone companies
American internet service providers
Companies based in Louisiana
Fall River Mills is a census-designated place (CDP) in Shasta County, California. At the 2010 census, 573 people lived there. There is a small airport outside the town.

References

Census-designated places in California
Settlements in Shasta County, California
Affordable housing is a term for places to live that the average person can afford to purchase or rent. The cost of housing can refer either to rental housing or to homes which are owned by the occupants.  People with lower income can live there. 

Comparing the price of housing to income tells if housing is affordable. As the price of housing becomes a larger, affordability goes down if income is the same. Housing market sets the price for places to live. 

The global financial crisis in 2008 caused huge changes and many problems in the world banking and housing systems. By 2011 home prices in Ireland dropped by about 45%. In the United States, prices fell by 34%, and foreclosures went up.

According to USA Today, homes in 2019 in the United States were  least affordable to purchase compared to any other year in the last  ten last years. This is because home prices are increasing much faster than wages. Cities with large universities were a good choice for university students after they graduate. For example, the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Madison, Wisconsin has very affordable housing.

According to Bloomberg News, Berlin has decided to freeze rents in the city because there was not enough affordable housing.

Related pages
 Housing in Hong Kong
 Housing in Toronto
 Housing in Vancouver

References

Houses
Joseph Antonio Cartagena (born August 19, 1970), better known as Fat Joe, is an American rapper and actor. He started his music career as a member of the hip hop band Diggin' in the Crates Crew. He later began a solo career. 

One of Fat Joe's many famous songs includes What's Luv with Ja Rule and Ashanti. He also rapped All the Way Up with Remy Ma.

Fat Joe was in the movies Happy Feet (2006), Scary Movie 3 and Spike Lee's Netflix series She's Gotta Have It.

Fat Joe was born in the Bronx, New York City.

References

Actors from the Bronx
Singers from New York City
American television actors
American movie actors
Rap musicians from New York
1970 births
Living people
Sunol is a census-designated place in Alameda County, California. At the 2010 census, 913 people lived there. The town is known for the Niles Canyon Railway, a historic railroad.

References

Census-designated places in California
Settlements in Alameda County, California
Descendants 2 is an American musical fantasy television movie. It premiered as a Disney Channel Original Movie on July 21, 2017 on Disney Channel. It was simulcast on Disney-owned networks ABC, Disney XD, Freeform, Lifetime and Lifetime Movies. It is the second installment in the Descendants franchise and the sequel to the 2015 movie Descendants. The movie stars Dove Cameron, Cameron Boyce, Sofia Carson, Booboo Stewart, Mitchell Hope and China Anne McClain. A third movie, Descendants 3, premiered on August 2, 2019.

Cast

 Dove Cameron as Mal, daughter of Maleficent
 Cameron Boyce as Carlos, son of Cruella De Vil
 Sofia Carson as Evie, daughter of The Evil Queen
 Booboo Stewart as Jay, son of Jafar
 Mitchell Hope as Ben, son of Belle and Beast
 Brenna D'Amico as Jane, daughter of the Fairy Godmother
 Melanie Paxson as the Fairy Godmother, the headmistress of Auradon Prep and Jane's mother
 Bobby Moynihan as the Voice of Dude, Carlos' dog who gains the power of speech.
 Thomas Doherty as Harry Hook, son of Captain Hook
 Dylan Playfair as Gil, son of Gaston
 Dianne Doan as Lonnie, daughter of Fa Mulan and Li Shang
 Jedidiah Goodacre as Chad Charming, son of Cinderella and Prince Charming
 Zachary Gibson as Doug, son of Dopey the Dwarf
 Anna Cathcart as Dizzy Tremaine, daughter of Drizella Tremaine and granddaughter of Lady Tremaine
 Dan Payne as the Beast, Queen Belle's husband and Ben's father
 Keegan Connor Tracy as Belle, Beast's wife and Ben's mother
 China Anne McClain as Uma, daughter of Ursula

References

Other websites
 

2017 comedy-drama movies
2010s fantasy movies
2010s musical movies
2010s teen drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American family movies
American musical movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen drama movies
American television movies
Disney movies
English-language movies
Movies based on fairy tales
Movies directed by Kenny Ortega
is a Japanese politician and journalist. He served as the mayor of Hiroshima from 1991 to 1999. He served as mayor for two terms and was re-elected in 1995. As mayor, he helped his city and South Korea's Daegu becoming sister cities in 1997. He also worked as a journalist in the 1960s. He wrote mostly about Korean victims of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He tried to get the Korean victims medical care from Japanese government.

Hiraoka was born in Osaka. He grew up in both Japan and Korea. He was not in Hiroshima at the time of the atomic bombing in August 1945.

References

1927 births
Living people
Japanese politicians
Japanese journalists
Mayors
People from Hiroshima
People from Osaka
Josine Ianco-Starrels (October 17, 1926 – April 8, 2019) was a Romanian-born American art curator. She worked as a museum director in Los Angeles, California. She was an associate professor of the Art Gallery Division at California State University, Los Angeles from 1969 to 1975. From 1975 to 1987, Ianco-Starrels was Director of the Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery. She was behind many art exhibits across southern California from the 1970s to 2000. She retired in 2000.

Ianco-Starrels was born in Bucharest. Her father was Marcel Janco (1895–1984), an artist, architect and one of the founding members of Dadaism. She died of natural causes on April 8, 2019 in Rogue River, Oregon. She was 92.

References

1926 births
2019 deaths
American academics
Deaths from natural causes
People from Bucharest
Educators from Los Angeles
Educators from Oregon
LazyTown is an American television in the United States on Nickelodeon with 80 episodes from August 16, 2004 to October 13, 2014 in the United States of the broadcast order.

Series overview

Original series

Season 1 (2004–06)

Season 2 (2006–07)

Revived series

Season 3 (2013)

Season 4 (2014)

References

Lists of Nickelodeon television series episodes
Super High Me is a 2007 American documentary movie. It is directed by Michael Blieden. It stars comedian Doug Benson. In the documentary, Benson smokes cannabis for 30 days straight to see the effects. The title of Super High Me and its poster are plays on the documentary Super Size Me (2004) by Morgan Spurlock.

Super High Me had its full release on April 20, 2008 (4/20). The documentary has a 63% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

References

Other websites
 

2007 movies
Cannabis
American documentary movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Rodolfo Certeza Severino Jr. (27 April 1936 – 19 April 2019) was a Filipino diplomat. He served as the 10th Secretary-General of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) from 1998 to 2002. He also served as the ambassador to Malaysia from 1989 to 1992. He was a professor at many universities in Singapore. He was born in Manila.

Severino died of problems caused by Parkinson's disease on 19 April 2019. He was 82.

References

1936 births
2019 deaths
Ambassadors
ASEAN
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Asian diplomats
Filipino educators
Filipino politicians
People from Manila
was a Japanese politician and lawyer. He was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). He served as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature) from 1972 to 2017. He also served two terms as the Minister of Justice in 2000 and 2008. He was born in Chiyoda, Tokyo and grew up in Kagoshima Prefecture.

Yasuoka died of pancreatic cancer on 19 April 2019 at a hospital in Tokyo. He was 79.

References

Other websites

  

1939 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Disease-related deaths in Japan
Lawyers
People from Kagoshima Prefecture
Politicians from Tokyo
Le Glèbe is a former municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2003 when the municipalities of Estavayer-le-Gibloux, Rueyres-Saint-Laurent, Villarlod, and Villarsel-le-Gibloux. joined together to become Le Glèbe. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Corpataux-Magnedens, Farvagny, Le Glèbe, Rossens and Vuisternens-en-Ogoz merged to form the new municipality of Gibloux.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Fribourg
Le Mouret is a municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

History 
Le Mouret was created on January 1, 2003 from the merger of Bonnefontaine, Essert, Montévraz, Oberried, Praroman, and Zénauva.

Villages 
Le Mouret has villages of Praroman, Moulin à Bentz, Le Mouret, Le Pafuet, Essert, Montévraz-Dessous, Montévraz-Dessus, Montembloud, Zénauva, Oberried, Montécu and Bonnefontaine.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Noréaz was amunicipality in Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the municipalities Corserey, Noréaz and Prez-vers-Noréaz joined together to become the new municipality of Prez.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Fribourg
Ponthaux is a municipality of the district Saane, in the canton of Fribourg, in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Prez-vers-Noréaz was a municipality in Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the municipalities Corserey, Noréaz and Prez-vers-Noréaz joined to become the new municipality Prez.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Fribourg
Rossens is a former municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Corpataux-Magnedens, Farvagny, Le Glèbe, Rossens and Vuisternens-en-Ogoz merged to form the new municipality of Gibloux.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Fribourg
Vuisternens-en-Ogoz is a former municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Corpataux-Magnedens, Farvagny, Le Glèbe, Rossens and Vuisternens-en-Ogoz merged to form the new municipality of Gibloux.

References 

Former municipalities of Fribourg
Senèdes is a municipality of the district of Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Villarsel-sur-Marly is a municipality of the district of Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Fribourg
Treyvaux is a municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Fribourg
This is a List of Blue's Clues episodes on Nickelodeon from September 8, 1996 to May 10, 2004.

Series overview

Episodes

Pilot (1995)

Season 1 (1996–97)

Season 2 (1997–98)

Season 3 (1999–2001)

Season 4 (2001–02)

Season 5 (2002–03)

Season 6 (2004)

References

Lists of Nickelodeon television series episodes
Alfred Louis Kroeber (June 11, 1876 – October 5, 1960) was an American cultural anthropologist. He earned his Ph.D. at Columbia University in 1901. Franz Boas supervised Kroeber's studies. Kroeber was also the first professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was director of the Museum of Anthropology at Berkeley from 1909 through 1947. Kroeber studied an man named Ishi, the last surviving member of the Yahi people. Kroeber was the father of the novelist, poet, and writer of short stories Ursula K. Le Guin.

References 

1876 births
1960 deaths
American anthropologists
American archaeologists
American folklore
American academics
Columbia University alumni
Scientists from New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
People from Hoboken, New Jersey
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Educators from New Jersey
Ishi in Two Worlds is a biography of Ishi, the last known member of the Yahi Native American people. Theodora Kroeber wrote the book. It was published in 1961.  It was translated into nine languages. 

Ishi had been found alone and starving outside Oroville, California in 1911. The anthropologists Alfred Louis Kroeber and Thomas Waterman took him to the Museum of Anthropology in San Francisco. There, he was studied by the anthropologists, before his death in 1916. Theodora Kroeber married Alfred Kroeber in 1926. Though she had never met Ishi, she decided to write a biography of him.

Summary
The book has two parts. The first part is called "Ishi the Yahi". It tells about the history and the culture of the Yahi people. The second part is called "Mister Ishi". It tells about his life at the museum.  

The first part begins with the history of California before European colonization.  Kroeber writes that though there were few Yahi, they once occupied a large part of the Sacramento Valley. Other, more numerous, Native American peoples probably pushed the Yahi into the mountains. The first part also describes the Yahi language and the landscape where they lived near Mount Lassen. 

Several chapters in the first section are about the destruction of the Yahi by white settlers. The second part of the book begins with a history of the museum in San Francisco where Ishi was taken. It also tells how he got the name Ishi. At the museum, Alfred Kroeber and others arranged for weekly public demonstrations. Ishi would usually demonstrate stringing a bow, or making fire with a fire drill. Finally Ishi's friends had to arrange for Ishi to work as a janitor, so the University would pay to support him. In addition to Kroeber, Waterman and Pope, Ishi became friends with other Native American friends of the anthropologists, such as Juan Dolores, a Tohono O'odham Indian. Ishi spent much of his time at the museum making tools and weapons. He also went hunting with his friends. The last chapter of the book tells of Ishi becoming sick with tuberculosis in late 1914, and his death from the disease soon afterwards.

References

Anthropology
Non-fiction books
Emory University is a private university in Atlanta, in the U.S. state of Georgia. The university was started by the Methodist Episcopal Church as Emory College in 1836 in Oxford, Georgia. It was named after Methodist bishop John Emory. The college moved to Druid Hills after Asa Griggs Candler, a wealthy businessperson from the slave owning Magruder family, offered it money and land there.

Notable people from Emory

References

Other websites
 Official website

1830s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1836 establishments in the United States
Colleges and universities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Buildings and structures in Atlanta, Georgia
Berkeley High School is a public high school in the Berkeley Unified School District. It is the only public high school in the city of Berkeley, California. It is  one long block west of Shattuck Avenue and three short blocks south of University Avenue in downtown Berkeley. The school mascot is the Yellowjacket.

Notable people from Berkeley High

References

Other websites 
 Official website
 Yellowjacket website

1880s establishments in California
1880 establishments in the United States
Schools in California
Berkeley, California
Simbakubwa kutokaafrika is an extinct species of giant hyaena-like mammal. It was in the order Hyaenodonta. It was originally classified as a creodont. It lived during the early Miocene and was found in Kenya.

The type specimen had been sitting in the Nairobi National Museum for many years until two American palaeontologists took an interest in it. It was got from deposits dated to be 23 million years old. The animal must have been huge, perhaps up to 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) in weight. It might have been bigger the modern polar bear in size.

Paleoecology 
Africa in the early Miocene was much more forested than today, and even the area which is now Kenya would have had much less grassland. Therefore, instead of the run-and-chase routine of most carnivores today, the emphasis would be more on stealthy stalk-and-pounce methods.

Teeth of this species show it did not have the crushing molars of modern hyaenas. What it did have here huge carnassials for slicing flesh. Simbakubwa was probably a specialist hunter and scavenger that preyed on creatures such as rhinoceroses and early elephants.

Simbakubwa was a straightforward flesh-eater, and one of the largest mammalian carnivores ever found.

References 

Creodonts
Mammals of Africa
There were a series of suicide bombings targeting Christians and tourists in Sri Lanka, on Easter Sunday 2019 (21 April). Three churches and three luxury hotels in the Colombo area were targeted. Eight bombers killed 269 people and themselves. At least 500 people were wounded. There were also smaller bombings in other locations. One of the churches was Protestant; the other two were Catholic.

The bombings happened at nearly the same time. At least two of the bombings appeared to have been suicide attacks.

The ISIS has claimed responsibility for the attacks, along with a religious extremist group called National Thowheeth Jama'ath whose members, including its president, Zahran Hashim carried out the attack. There were some arrests in connection with the bombings.

There are many ethnic and religious groups in Sri Lanka. There has been a lot of violence between different groups. Most people in Sri Lanka are Buddhist. About ten percent are Muslims, and about 7.5 per cent are Christian (about 80% of them are Catholics; the remaining 20% are evenly split between Anglicans and other Protestants).

Most victims are from Sri Lanka. Between 20 and 30 foreigners were killed.

According to the government reports, all of the suicide bombers in the attacks were Sri Lankan citizens. The government said, they were associated with National Thowheeth Jamaath , a local militant Islamist group previously known for attacks against Buddhists.

2019 murders in Asia
2019 explosions in Asia
2019 Easter bombings
April 2019 events
Attacks on churches
Attacks on hotels
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2019
Attacks on religious buildings and structures in Asia

Islamic State
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2019
Islamic terrorist incidents in Asia
Mass murder in 2019
2010s massacres in Asia
Suicide bombings in 2019
Suicide bombings in Asia
Terrorist incidents in Asia in 2019
Orion Pictures (also known as Orion Releasing LLC) is an American movie production company. It is owned by the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The company made and released movies from 1978 to 1999.

Awards
Of the many movies distributed by Orion, four won the Academy Awards for Best Picture: Amadeus (1984), Platoon (1986), Dances with Wolves (1990) and The Silence of the Lambs (1991).

History
In 1997, Orion was bought by MGM. In 2013, MGM revived the Orion name for television. In 2014, MGM restarted Orion Pictures.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Orion was famous for its RoboCop movies. The first RoboCop was in 1987. The second movie, RoboCop 2, was in 1990. The third movie, RoboCop 3, was released in November 1993.

Also during this period, Orion released the Terminator movies in 1984 and 1991. Both of them had Arnold Schwarzenegger as the Terminator.

On February 5, 2019, MGM and Annapurna Pictures expanded their U.S. distribution company, Mirror. Mirror was changed to United Artists Releasing.

References

Movie studios
Companies based in Los Angeles
John Daniel Singleton (January 6, 1968 – April 28, 2019) was an American movie director, screenwriter, and producer. He was best known for directing Boyz n the Hood (1991). He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director, becoming the first African American and youngest person to have ever been nominated for the award. His works included Poetic Justice (1993), Higher Learning (1995), and Baby Boy (2001).

Controversies 
In 2017, Singleton was accused of sexual harassment by a journalist who interviewed him.

Death 
On April 17, 2019, Singleton had a massive stroke and was hospitalized in the intensive care unit in Los Angeles. On April 25, it was reported that he was in a coma. On April 29, he was said to be on life-support, but he actually died on April 28 at the age of 51 at Cedars-Sinai Hospital.

References

Other websites
The Films of John Singleton

1968 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
Movie directors from Los Angeles
Movie producers from Los Angeles
Screenwriters from Los Angeles
Jerry Clack (July 22, 1926 – April 15, 2019) was an American scholar and political activist. He served as Professor of Classical Languages at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh. He retired in 2011. He was also known for his work in the community as member of Citizens for Global Solutions and chairman of the Opera Theater of Pittsburgh. He was born in New York City.

Clack died on April 15, 2019, at the age of 92.

References

1926 births
2019 deaths
American academics
Educators from New York City
American political activists
Educators from Pennsylvania
Princeton University alumni
Peter Colotka (10 January 1925 – 21 April 2019) was a Slovak academic, lawyer and politician. He served as the Prime Minister of the Slovak Socialist Republic from 1969 to 1988. He was became the Czechoslovak ambassador to France in late 1988 and served until January 1990. In 1990, he was arrested and accused of embezzlement, abuse of power and theft. Charges were dropped in 1994.

Colotka was born in the village of Sedliacka Dubová. He studied law at Comenius University in Bratislava. He died on 21 April 2019, at the age of 94.

References

1925 births
2019 deaths
Academics
Ambassadors to France
Communist politicians
Czechoslovak politicians
Lawyers
Prime Ministers of Slovakia
Reginald John Cobb (July 7, 1968 – April 20, 2019) was an American football player. He played as a running back. He played seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1990–1993), Green Bay Packers (1994), Jacksonville Jaguars (1995) and New York Jets (1996). He played college football for the Tennessee Volunteers of the University of Tennessee. He was born in Knoxville, Tennessee.

Cobb died from a heart attack on April 20, 2019, at the age of 50.

References

Other websites
 Reggie Cobb at NFL.com

1968 births
2019 deaths
American football running backs
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Green Bay Packers players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
New York Jets players
People from Knoxville, Tennessee
Sportspeople from Tennessee
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Aminul Haque (; 1942 or 1943 – 21 April 2019) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was a member of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). He served as the country's Minister of Post and Telecommunications from 2001 to 2006. He was also a member of parliament for Rajshahi-1 from 1991 to 2006. Outside of politics, he was a barrister.

Haque died of liver cancer on 21 April 2019 in Dhaka. He was 73.

References

1940s births
2019 deaths
Bangladeshi politicians
Bangladeshi Muslims
Deaths from liver cancer
Bangladeshi lawyers
Karl Grob (30 May 1946 – 20 April 2019) was a Swiss footballer. He played as a goalkeeper. He was born in Küsnacht.

Grob played for his local team, Küsnacht, before signing for Zürich. For his time at Zürich, he has been called a legend. He won five Swiss Super Leagues and 4 Swiss Cups with Zürich. He also made the most caps for the club in the league, European competition and in total appearances. He later played for Biel-Bienne for one season. He also played seven times for Switzerland.

Grob died of heart failure on 20 April 2019 in Zürich. He was 72.

Honours
Zürich
 Swiss Super League: 1967–1968, 1973–1974, 1974–1975, 1975–1976, 1980–1981
 Swiss Cup: 1969–1970, 1971–1972, 1972–1973, 1975–1976

References

Other websites
 

1946 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Association football goalkeepers
Swiss footballers
Braulio Armando Lara (20 December 1988 – 20 April 2019) was a Dominican professional baseball player. He played as a pitcher. In the United States, he was signed to the Tampa Bay Rays, the Miami Marlins and the Washington Nationals. In 2016, he played with the SK Wyverns of the KBO League in South Korea. He later played for the Mexican teams Sultanes de Monterrey and Generales de Durango. He was born in Baní, Peravia Province.

Lara died in a car accident on 20 April 2019 in Baní. He was 30.

References

Other websites

1988 births
2019 deaths
Baseball players
Dominican Republic sportspeople
Road accident deaths
Amelia Graciela Vargas Ipaneca (16 January 1928 – 21 April 2019) was a Cuban actress and dancer. She lived and worked in Argentina. She starred in the comedy movies Arroz con leche (1950), The Phantom of the Operetta (1955) and Cleopatra Was Candida (1964). She was born in Havana.

Vargas died in Buenos Aires on 21 April 2019. She was 91.

References

Other websites

 

1928 births
2019 deaths
Cuban actors
Dancers
Movie actors
People from Havana
Television actors
Martin Böttcher (17 June 1927 – 19 April 2019) was a German composer, arranger and conductor. He is best known for composing the scores for the 1960s movies based on the Karl May books. His music is said to have helped inspire the Italian movie industry to make their own Westerns. This created a new genre, Spaghetti Westerns. In his career, he worked on more than 50 movies and 300 television shows.

Böttcher was born in Berlin. He died on 19 April 2019, at the age of 91.

References

Other websites

  
 

1927 births
2019 deaths
German conductors
German composers
Musicians from Berlin
Shantha Mayadunne (; 4 April 1951 – 21 April 2019) was a Sri Lankan chef, writer and television personality.

Career
She had thirty years of experience in the culinary arts and became one of the most popular Sri Lankan television chefs. She learned advanced international cooking techniques at reputable cooking schools in many countries such as Australia, UK, Singapore, Thailand and India. As her popularity grew, she started to conduct classes, through workshops, mass media programs. She published two books, the first in 2001 while the second was in 2005.

Death
She was killed on 21 April 2019 by a suicide bomber during a series of terrorist attacks in Sri Lanka. Her daughter was also killed in the attacks when both of them stayed at the Shangri-La Hotel, Colombo for breakfast.

References

1951 births
2019 deaths
Chefs
1955 births
Writers
Harper's Magazine (also called Harper's) is a monthly magazine of literature, politics, culture, finance, and the arts. Launched in June 1850, it is the second-oldest continuously published monthly magazine in the United States. Harper's Magazine has won 22 National Magazine Awards.

References 

1850s establishments in New York (state)
1850 establishments in the United States
Monthly magazines
American magazines
Julio César Toresani (5 December 1967 – 22 April 2019) was an Argentine football player and manager. He played in the midfield.

Toresani was born in Santa Fe. He played for Unión de Santa Fe, Instituto, River Plate, Colón de Santa Fe, Boca Juniors, Independiente, Audax Italiano and Patronato. He later managed many clubs, beginng at San Martín de San Juan from 2005 to 2006. His later coaching role was at Rampla Juniors from November 2018 until he was fired in February 2019.

Toresani died by suicide on 22 April 2019 in Santa Fe. He was 51.

References

Other websites
 

1967 births
2019 deaths
Argentine footballers
Argentine football managers
People from Santa Fe, Argentina
Sportspeople who committed suicide
Mark Connolly (September 2, 1955 – April 13, 2019) was an American businessman and public official. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was one of the main Democratic candidate for Governor of New Hampshire in 2016. New Hampshire. He served as a Representative in the New Hampshire state legislature and as Deputy Secretary of State. He was also Director of the New Hampshire Bureau of Securities Regulation from 2002 to 2010.

Connolly in Newton, Massachusetts. He was engaged to Terri Lareau at the time of his death. He lived in both New Castle, New Hampshire and Indian Wells, California. He died of problems from a brain hemorrhage on April 13, 2019 in Rancho Mirage, California. He was 63.

References

1955 births
2019 deaths
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
US Democratic Party politicians
Politicians from Massachusetts
Politicians from New Hampshire
The epidermis in plants is a single layer of cells. It covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of plants. It divides the plant from the outside environment. The epidermis has more than one function. It protects the plant from loss of water. It controls gas exchange. It makes metabolic compounds. In the roots it  takes in water and nutrients. Some parts of a plant may have a different cover called a periderm. Potatoes have that kind of covering.

The epidermis is the outer cell layer of a plant. It is also the main part of the dermal tissue of leaves, stems, roots, flowers, fruits, and seeds. It is usually transparent.

The cells of the epidermis can vary in the way they are made and how they work. Most plants have an epidermis that is a single cell layer thick. Some plants, however, have an epidermis with more than one layer. Epidermal cells are linked tightly to each other. They give strength and protection to the plant. In the parts of the plant that are above ground, the epidermal cells contain cutin and are covered with a cuticle.  This cuticle reduces loss of water. It is sometimes covered with wax. The wax gives some plants a whitish or bluish surface color. It also protects the plant from sunlight and wind. 

The epidermis has more than one cell type. It can include epidermal cells, guard cells, subsidiary cells, and epidermal hairs (Trichomes). There are more epidermal cells than the other types.

Trichomes (or hairs) grow out from the epidermis in many plants.

Related pages

 Bark
 Cork cambium
 Periderm

References

Other websites
  Plant tissue systems

Plant anatomy
Plant tissues
Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian (‎; 16 December 1922 – 20 April 2019) was an Iranian artist and a collector of folk art. She has been called one of the most important Iranian contemporary artists. She is best known for her mosaics and glass paintings. Her worked joined modern expressionism and traditional Persian craftsmanship. She lived and worked in the United States for many years but later came back to Iran. In 2017, the Monir Museum in Tehran was opened in her honour.

Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian was born in Qazvin. She was married twice and had two daughters. She died of natural causes in Tehran on 20 April 2019. She was 96.

References

1922 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Iranian people
Painters
Yuriy Igorevich Pimenov (; 29 March 1958 – 19 April 2019) was a Soviet and Russian rower. He mostly competed in the coxless pairs, rowing with his twin brother Nikolay. The brothers won a silver medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics. The Pimenovs also won three gold, three silver and one bronze medal at the World Rowing Championships between 1981 and 1990. They finished in 6th at the 1988 Olympics and 15th place at the 1988 Olympics. Because of the Soviet Union's boycott of the 1984 Olympics, the brothers went to the Friendship Games instead, where they won gold.

Pimenov was born in Moscow. He died on 19 April 2019, at the age of 61.

References

Other websites
 Yuriy Pimenov  at Sports-Reference.com

1958 births
2019 deaths
Rowers
Soviet Olympic silver medalists
Sportspeople from Moscow
Twin people
Nikolay Igorevich Pimenov (; born 29 March 1958) is a retired Soviet and Russian rower. He mostly competed in the coxless pairs, rowing with his twin brother Yuriy. The brothers won a silver medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics. The Pimenovs also won three gold, three silver and one bronze medal at the World Rowing Championships between 1981 and 1990. They finished in 6th at the 1988 Olympics and 15th place at the 1988 Olympics. Because of the Soviet Union's boycott of the 1984 Olympics, the brothers went to the Friendship Games instead, where they won gold.

Pimenov was born in Moscow. His brother, Yuriy, died on 19 April 2019, at the age of 61.

References

Other websites
 Nikolay Pimenov  at Sports-Reference.com

1958 births
Living people
Rowers
Soviet Olympic silver medalists
Sportspeople from Moscow
Twin people
Steven Golin (March 6, 1955 – April 21, 2019) was an American movie and television producer. He was the founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of Anonymous Content, and co-founder and CEO of Propaganda Films. He served as a producer for The Game (1997), Being John Malkovich (1999), Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004), Babel (2006), Rendition (2007), True Detective (2014), Mr. Robot (2015), The Revenant (2015) and Spotlight (2015). He had Academy Award nominations for Best Picture for producing Babel, The Revenant and Spotlight. He won the award for Spotlight.

Golin was born to a Jewish family. He had two children. He died of cancer in Los Angeles, California on April 21, 2019. He was 64.

References

Other websites
 

1955 births
2019 deaths
Academy Award winners
American Jews
American movie producers
American television producers
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
The Mueller Report is an official document. It provides information about Russia modifying the results of the 2016 United States presidential election. Robert Mueller released this official document to argue that Donald Trump is using Russia to help get him to become the current president.

The first half of the report shows that the Trump campaign had many ties to the Russians and that there was interference in America’s elections. The second half shows how the President tried to stop the Russia investigation using the powers of the President.

Because the Department of Justice works for the President, Robert Mueller suggests that Congress should investigate.

““In this context, a balancing test applies to the separation of powers issues. Applying the test here, we concluded that congress can validly make obstruction of justice statutes applicable to corruptly motivated official acts of the president without undermining his Article II functions”

References

Other websites

 Mueller Report, redacted version publicly released April 18, 2019:
 Justice.gov downloadable, searchable PDF
 Archive.org; DPLA; New York Times; Scribd
 Audio from Audible (free registration needed)
 Letter from Attorney General William Barr to leaders of the House and Senate Judiciary Committees of the principal conclusions of the Mueller investigation (March 24, 2019)
 Official Website of the United States Department of Justice: Office of Special Counsel
 Litigation Documents Related to the Mueller Investigation via Lawfare
 Index to the Mueller report: browse hundreds of Names and Topics, from Clinton emails to Putin to GRU to IRA to Trump Moscow Tower.  prepared by WhoSaidSo.org

Controversies in the United States
Ventseslav Konstantinov (; 14 September 1940 – 22 April 2019) was a Bulgarian writer and aphorist. He was well-known as a translator of German and English writing. He taught the translation of German-language poetry at Sofia University from 1987. He spent 1993 to 1994 at the State University of New York at Geneseo, in the United States. He also wrote essays on many people, including Goethe, Schiller, E. T. A. Hoffmann, Thomas Mann, Hermann Hesse, Franz Kafka, Bertolt Brecht, Stefan Zweig, Elias Canetti, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Heinrich Böll, Martin Walser and Hans Magnus Enzensberger.

Konstantinov was born in Sofia. He had three daughters. He was married to academic Albena Bakratcheva. He died on 22 April 2019, at the age of 78.

References

Other websites

  

1940 births
2019 deaths
Bulgarian writers
Critics
People from Sofia
European translators
Jacqueline Saburido (20 December 1978 – 20 April 2019) was a Venezuelan activist. She was a burns survivor who campaigned against drunk driving. In September 1999, she was a victim of a car crash caused by a drunk driver in Austin in the U.S. state of Texas. She had burns to more than 60% of her body because of the crash. Her fingers were amputated. She also lost her hair, ears, nose, lips, left eyelid and much of her vision. After she recovered, she was the face of many drunk driving ads. She also a guest on The Oprah Winfrey Show twice. She also tried to become Britain's first face transplant patient.

Saburido was born in Caracas. She moved to Guatemala for cancer treatment in the 2010s. She died of cancer on 20 April 2019 in Guatemala City. She was 40.

References

Other websites
Faces of Drunk Driving 

1978 births
2019 deaths
Activists
Deaths from cancer
People from Caracas
Venezuelan people
The November 1992 tornado outbreak was a three-day outbreak of tornadoes in the Eastern and Midwestern United States on November 21-23. 

This very long-lasting outbreak caused over $300 million in damage. It also killed 26 people from Texas to Virginia, the Carolinas and Georgia.

The outbreak began on November 21, 1992 with six tornadoes. They were between F1 and F4. The tornadoes were in the Greater Houston area.

Later on November 21, a long-tracked tornado hit Brandon, Mississippi. It caused 10 deaths. Damage was $25 million.

On November 22-23, more tornadoes hit from Louisiana to Maryland, Virginia and the Carolinas.

References

1992
1992 in the United States
Tornado outbreaks
Xiao Yang (; August 1938 – 19 April 2019) was a Chinese judge and politician. He served as Minister of Justice from 1993 to 1998. He then served as President of the Supreme People's Court from 1998 to 2008. One of his changes included the Supreme Court's right of final review for capital punishment cases. This saw the number of executions drop in China after 2006. 

Xiao was born in Heyuan, Guangdong. He died of an illness on 19 April 2019 in Beijing. He was 80.

References

1938 births
2019 deaths
Chinese politicians
Communist politicians
Deaths from disease
Judges
Cynthia Lynne "Cindy" Axne (née: Wadle; born April 20, 1965) is an American business woman and politician. She became the United States Representative for the 3rd Congressional District of Iowa. The district represents the southwest part of Iowa. Axne is a member of the U.S. Democratic Party.

Axne was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

References

US Democratic Party politicians
United States representatives from Iowa
1965 births
Living people
The Convention on Biological Diversity is a treaty created from signature at Rio Summit on 1992.  The Last Conference of Parties took place at Sharm-El Sheikh in Egypt on 2018.

There have been criticisms against CBD that the Convention has been weakened in implementation due to the resistance of Western countries to the implementation of the pro-South provisions of the Convention.

Treaties
Matthew Buckland (22 August 1974 – 23 April 2019) was a South African Internet entrepreneur and businessman. He was the founder of digital agency and publisher Creative Spark. He was head of Mail & Guardian online. Buckland was also the founder of Burn Media, which publishes technology brands such as Memeburn, Ventureburn.com and Gearburn.com. He served as a board member of Creative Commons.

Buckland lived in Cape Town with his wife and two daughters. He died of cancer on 23 April 2019, at the age of 44.

References

1974 births
2019 deaths
South African businesspeople
Deaths from cancer
People from Cape Town
White South African people
Oiva Kalervo Toikka (29 May 1931 – 22 April 2019) was a Finnish glass designer. He designed for Iittala. He was best known for his bird designs for Iittala. He trained in ceramics at the University of Art and Design in Helsinki. He also worked as a stage and costume designer. He designed textiles for Marimekko. 

Toikka was born in Viipuri. He died on 22 April 2019, at the age of 87.

References

Other websites

 Oiva Toikka at Iittala.com

1931 births
2019 deaths
Finnish artists
Designers