cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Frederick Allan "Rick" Moranis (born April 18, 1953) is a Canadian actor, comedian, screenwriter and songwriter. He was nominated for a Grammy Award twice. He was known for his role in the movie, Honey, I Shrunk the Kids and in the Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show. He is also known for appearing in Ghostbusters, The Flintstones, Spaceballs, and in Little Shop of Horrors.

Filmography

Other websites

 rickmoranis.com 
 
 Rick Moranis, Singing 'Cowboy', a December 2005 story from Weekend Edition
 OpEd Piece by Moranis from the NY Times website
 Rick Moranis Interview Proton Charging May 27, 2006
 Radio Interview Rick Moranis 2006

1953 births
Living people
Actors from Toronto
Canadian movie actors
Canadian musicians
Canadian screenwriters
Canadian stage actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Comedians from Toronto
Emmy Award winners
Musicians from Ontario
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from Toronto
Elmer Bernstein (April 4, 1922 – August 18, 2004) was an American composer and conductor. He is best known for his many movie soundtracks.

His musical career last for fifty years, he composed music for over one hundred movies and television shows. His most popular works include the scores to The Magnificent Seven, The Ten Commandments, The Great Escape, To Kill a Mockingbird, Ghostbusters, The Black Cauldron and The Rookies.

Bernstein died of cancer on August 18, 2004.

References

Other websites

Fan website
BernsteinWest.com
Meatballs Movie Website 

Academy Award winning composers
American movie score composers
Golden Globe Award winning composers
1922 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from cancer
American composers
People from New York City
Sorel Etrog, CM (August 29, 1933 – February 26, 2014) was a Romanian-born Canadian artist, writer and philosopher. He is best known for his work as a sculptor. In 1966, works by Etrog, Alex Colville and Yves Gaucher represented Canada at the Venice Biennale.

He died from prostate cancer in Toronto. He was aged 80.

References

Other websites

 Sorel Etrog  at Gallery Moos Toronto
 "Etrog", Artnet
 Sorel Etrog at the Tate Gallery

1933 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Romanian philosophers
Canadian painters
Canadian sculptors
Canadian philosophers
Ali Hassan Mwinyi (born May 8, 1925) is a Tanzanian politician. He was the second President of Tanzania from 1985 to 1995. Before that he had been Interior Minister and Vice President. He also was chairman of the ruling party, the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) from 1990 to 1996.

Mwinyi was born in Kivure, in the Pwani Region.

References

Other websites

1925 births
Living people
Presidents of Tanzania
Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad () ; born 10 July 1925) is a Malaysian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Malaysia from May 2018 to March 2020. He was also the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia. He held the job for 22 years from 1981 to 2003. This made him Malaysia's longest-serving Prime Minister. His political career lasted for almost 40 years until briefly retiring. 

During his job, he made many laws that helped Malaysia become richer, but he also made other laws to punish people who criticised him. But he was a kind person.

At 94, he is the oldest living Prime Minister of Malaysia and was the world's oldest head of state or government still in office until he resigned in February 2020.

In 2018, Mahathir announced his bid for another term as Malaysian Prime Minister for the 2018 general election. He won the election in May 2018.

On 24 February 2020,Mahathir announced his resignation as Prime Minister.

References

More reading

Other websites

1925 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Malaysia
Deputy Prime Ministers of Malaysia
Quett Ketumile Joni Masire, GCMG (23 July 1925 – 22 June 2017) was a Botswana politician. He was the second President of Botswana for the Botswana Democratic Party from 1980 to 1998. He was born in Kanye.

Masire died in Gaborone, Botswana on 22 June 2017 from surgical complications at the age of 91.

References

Other websites

1925 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Presidents of Botswana
Vice Presidents of Botswana
Ali Husrev Bozer (28 July 1925 – 30 September 2020) was a Turkish politician and professor of commercial law.

He was originally a member of the Nationalist Democracy Party (MDP). He then joined the Motherland Party (ANAP). He served as Deputy Prime Minister under Turgut Özal and Yıldırım Akbulut. He was also Minister of Foreign Affairs.

He was born in Ankara. Bozer died on 30 September 2020 in Ankara from COVID-19, aged 95.

References

Other websites
Prime Ministry website  

1925 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey
Civil servants
Politicians from Ankara
Gérard Kango Ouédraogo (19 September 1925 – 1 July 2014) was Prime Minister of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) from 13 February 1971 to 8 February 1974. He was President of the National Assembly of Burkina Faso from 1978 to November 25, 1980. 

He was born in Ouahigouya.  

He served in the French National Assembly from 1956-1959.

Biography 
Gérard Ouédraogo was born on September 19, 1925, in Ouahigouya, at the entrance of an ancestral site, Naaba Kango Cave. His name Kango was originally Kaongo, that is to say the field that surrounds a palace or a concession.

Founder of the MRV (Voltaic regroupment movement), he was deputy of Upper Volta under the Fourth Republic, then in the first National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. He was ambassador of the new independent state of Upper Volta in Great Britain from 1960 to 1966. Subsequently, he continued to play an important role in the political life of the country, notably by sitting in the National Assembly for the constituency of Ouahigouya and being one of the leaders of the UDV / RDA (Democratic Union Voltaic, member of the African Democratic Rally). He was Prime Minister of Upper Volta from 1971 to 1974, under the presidency of Aboubacar Sangoulé Lamizana.

President of the National Assembly during the coup d'état of Saye Zerbo on November 25, 1980, he was imprisoned several times under the dictatorships of Saye Zerbo, Thomas Sankara and Blaise Compaore. Since the easing of the regime presided over by the latter head of state in the early 1990s, he was elected twice as MP under the Fourth Republic, before resigning on May 27, 1998. Shortly thereafter, the African Democratic Rally appointed honorary president for life.

References

1925 births
2014 deaths
Prime Ministers of Burkina Faso
Yang Hyong-sop (born 1 October 1925)
is a North Korean politician.  He was elected chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly in 1983, and served until 1998. He is vice president of the Presidium of the Spa (1998-2019).

Yang was born in Hamhung. He attended Moscow State University and Kim Il-sung University. He is married to Kim Shin-sook, a cousin of Kim Il-Sung.

References

1925 births
Living people
North Korean politicians
Czesław Jan Kiszczak (; 19 October 1925 – 5 November 2015) was a Polish politician. He was active during the Polish People's Republic, the Communist period in Poland.

Kiszczak was a member of the Polish Workers' Party and later the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR). He served as a high-ranking officer of the Polish Army, a chief of secret services and Minister of Internal Affairs (MSW) between 1981 and 1990.

He served during the years of Martial Law in Poland. He was an assistant of Wojciech Jaruzelski. He was also the last Communist Prime Minister of Poland, serving briefly in 1989.

References

Other websites

1925 births
2015 deaths
Generals
Polish communist politicians
Polish military people
Prime Ministers of Poland
Gregorio Conrado Álvarez Armelino (November 26, 1925 – December 28, 2016) was a Uruguayan general and former dictator. He served as the de facto president of Uruguay from 1981 until 1985.

On October 22, 2009, he was convicted for 37 counts of murder and human rights violations. He was sentenced to 25 years in prison. However, he was not in court to hear the verdict as he was ill.

He was born in Montevideo.

References

1925 births
2016 deaths
Presidents of Uruguay
Criminals
People from Montevideo
Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo (born 6 January 1936) is a Uruguayan politician, lawyer and journalist. He served as President of Uruguay twice: from March 1985 until March 1990, and from March 1995 until March 2000. He was from the Colorado Party.

He supports same-sex marriage and a bill that recently approved same-sex marriages by the Uruguayan legislature.

Sanguinetti was born in Montevideo.

References

Other websites

1936 births
Living people
Presidents of Uruguay
Uruguayan lawyers
People from Montevideo
Arnaldo Forlani (; born 8 December 1925) is an Italian politician. He served as the 44th Prime Minister of Italy from 18 October 1980 to 28 June 1981. He was previously a member of the right-wing of the Italian Christian Democratic Party.

References

Other websites

1925 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Italy
General Trần Thiện Khiêm (15 December 1925 – 24 June 2021) was a Vietnamese military officer. He was an officer in the army of South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. 

During the 1960s he was involved in several coups d'état. He helped President Ngô Đình Diệm put down a coup attempt in November 1960. He was rewarded with promotion. In 1963 he was involved in the coup that deposed and assassinated Ngo Dinh Diem. From 1969 until 1975, he was the Prime Minister of South Vietnam.

Khiêm died on 24 June 2021 in San Jose, California at the age of 95.

References

1925 births
2021 deaths
Generals
Military personnel of the Vietnam War
Vietnamese military people
Vietnamese politicians
Prime ministers
Luis Alberto Monge Álvarez (29 December 1925 – 29 November 2016) was a Costa Rican politician, diplomat and lawyer. He was the President of Costa Rica from 8 May 1982 to 8 May 1986. Before being President, he was the country's ambassador to Israel.

He was born in Palmares, Alajuela Province. Monge died of cardiac arrest on 29 November 2016 in San José, aged 90.

References

Other websites
  Biography by CIDOB Foundation

1925 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Presidents of Costa Rica
Lawyers
Ambassadors to Israel
Abdelsalam Atalla Al Majali (   ; born 18 February 1926) is a Jordanian medical doctor and politician. He served twice as the Prime Minister of Jordan.

References

1926 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Jordan
Physicians
Chau Sen Cocsal (; 1 September 1905 – 22 January 2009), also known as "Chhum" (), was a Cambodian civil servant and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Cambodia for a short period of time in 1962. Chhum was  old at the time of his death. This makes him the oldest lived former Prime Minister.

References

Other websites

 De Lopez, T.T. (2009). "A final goodbye to Cambodia's last great civil servant", Phnom Penh Post, 28 January
 Norodom Sihamoni (2009). "Lettre de SM Norodom Sihamoni du Cambodge à Lok Chumtiev Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum", 22 January.
 
 Pomonti, J.C (2009). "Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum Mémoire d'un siècle". Cambodge Soir, 68, 29 January - 4 February
 Royal Palace (2009). "Biographie de Samdech Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum", Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

1905 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Centenarians
Cambodian people
Prime ministers
Civil servants
Antoine Pinay (; 30 December 1891 – 13 December 1994) was a French conservative politician. He served as Prime Minister of France from March 1952 through March 1953.

He was also Minister of Public Works, Transport, Tourism, Finance, Economic and Foreign Affairs.

He died in Saint-Chamond, Loire, at the age of 102. He is the third longest-lived national head of government or head of state in history, behind Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum and Celâl Bayar.

References

1891 births
1994 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
French centenarians
People from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Prime Ministers of France
French Ministers of Finance
Willem Drees (; July 5, 1886 – May 14, 1988) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and its predecessor the SDAP. He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from August 7, 1948 until December 22, 1958.

Before entering national politics Drees was a member of the municipal council and also an alderman of The Hague. During this time he was also a member of the Provincial States of South Holland.

Drees was an active performer of Esperanto.

References

Other websites

  Biography at Parlement.com

1886 births
1988 deaths
Agnostics
Deputy Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Aldermen of the Netherlands
Dutch centenarians
Dutch civil servants
Dutch councillors
Dutch esotericists
Dutch former Christians
Dutch provincial politicians
Esperantists
Former leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Freemasons
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
Politicians from Amsterdam
Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Writers from Amsterdam
Martin E. Sullivan (February 9, 1944 – February 25, 2014) was an American museum director. He served as Director of the United States National Portrait Gallery from 2008 to 2012. This gallery is administered by the Smithsonian Institution.   

Sullivan died of kidney failure. He was aged 70.

References

1944 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
American historians
People from New York
Timothy Collins "Tim" Wilson (August 5, 1961 – February 26, 2014) was an American stand-up comedian and country musician. He released many comedy albums. He worked with Capitol Records in Nashville. He made many appearances on the John Boy and Billy, Big D and Bubba and Bob and Tom Show.

Wilson died from a heart attack. He was aged 52.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 Tim Wilson at MySpace
 CMT profile

1961 births
2014 deaths
Country musicians from Georgia (U.S state)
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Comedians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from Columbus, Georgia
Aaron Allston (December 8, 1960 – February 27, 2014) was an American game designer and writer of many science fiction books. He was best known for his Star Wars novels. His works as a game designer include mostly role-playing games (RPGs). He several of the RPGs served to create the basis for products and following development of TSR's Dungeons & Dragons game setting Mystara. He was born in Corsicana, Texas.

Allston collapsed after having a massive heart failure on December 8, 1960 during a VisionCon in Springfield, Missouri. He died later that day at the age of 53.

References

Other websites

 Aaron Allston at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

1960 births
2014 deaths
American movie directors
American science fiction writers
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from heart failure
Video game designers
Writers from Texas
Bark bread is a form of bread used during a famine. It made by adding ground phloem to the flour as an extender to make it last longer.

During the 18th and early 19th century Northern Europe had several very bad years of crop failure. This was  particularly during the Little Ice Age of the mid 18th century. The grain harvest was badly affected. Many ideas to make the flour last longer were introduced. In 1742, samples of “emergency bread” were sent from Kristiansand, Norway to the Royal Administration in Copenhagen. One of these was bark bread. This is bread made from grain husks and bread made from burned bones. During the Napoleonic Wars, moss too was used for food.

The last time bark bread was used as famine food in Norway was during the Napoleonic Wars. The introduction of the potato as a staple crop gave the farmers other crops when grain production failed. So that bark bread and moss cakes were no longer needed. In Northern Sweden, traces of Sami harvest of bark from Scots pine are known from the 1890s. In Finland pettuleipä (literally "pinewood-bark bread") was produced as a substitute for bread during the Finnish Civil War of 1918.

References 

Breads
Pudasjärvi is a town and municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 8,510 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Ii, Oulu, Posio, Puolanka, Ranua, Suomussalmi, Taivalkoski and Utajärvi.

Other websites 

 The official Pudasjärvi page

Towns in Finland
Municipalities of Northern Ostrobothnia
The Praça Raul Soares is a large public square in the city of Belo Horizonte, in Brazil. It is built in the French style. It is located where four major roads meet. The roads are Amazonas, Augusto de Lima, Bias Fortes and Olegário Maciel. The square is named in honor of the former governor of Minas Gerais, Raul Soares de Moura. 

In 2008, the square was renovated. The flowerbeds, sidewalks and fountains were fixed up. Some trees were replaced, lamp posts were resized, and advertisements were removed or adjusted. The walks were improved to provide easier access for disabled and blind people. This was paid for by the city's government. It cost about $2,600,000 U.S. dollars. The project aimed to make the square safer and easier for pedestrians.

Belo Horizonte
Town squares
Vaala is a municipality in North Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 3,195 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kajaani, Liminka, Muhos, Paltamo, Puolanka, Siikalatva and Utajärvi.

Previously, Vaala was part of the Kainuu region but was changed to Northern Ostrobothnia on 1 January 2016.

Other websites 

 Municipality 

Municipalities of Northern Ostrobothnia
Praça Sete de Setembro (in English: Sete de Setembro Square, and normally called Praça Sete) is a public square in the center of the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

It is located at the intersection of two major roads, Afonso Pena and Amazonas, and by the streets Rio de Janeiro and Carijós.

References 

Sete de Setembro
Town squares
The Luby's massacre was a mass murder on October 16, 1991, which took place at a Luby's restaurant in Killeen, Texas, United States.

George Hennard, a thirty-five year old man, drove his blue 1987 Ford Ranger pickup truck through the front window of a Luby's restaurant. He yelled "This is what Bell County did to me!" and started shooting customers and staff members with a Glock 17 and a Ruger P89. He shot and killed 23 people, ten of them with a single shot to the head. He also wounded 20 other people. Hennard had a dislike of women and survivors of the shooting said that he went by men to shoot the women. He also announced that "All women of Killeen and Belton are vipers!" He exchanged gunfire with police officers, hid in a bathroom and committed suicide.

One of the survivors of the massacre was former Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives Suzanna Hupp. Both her parents were killed in the shooting.

Until the 2007 Virginia Tech massacre, it was the deadliest shooting rampage in American history. It is now the third deadliest behind Virginia Tech and the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. It is still the deadliest non-school shooting rampage in American history.

After the massacre, the Texas Legislature passed a shall-issue gun law in 1995, which required all qualifying applicants be issued a Concealed Handgun License (which is Texas' required permit to carry concealed weapons). To qualify for a license, the person must be free-and-clear of crimes, attend a minimum 10-hour class which is taught by a state-certified instructor, pass a 50-question test, show a high amount of skill in a 50-round shooting test, and must pass two background tests, one shallow and one deep. The license costs $140 for a four year license and applicants have to pay $10 for fingerprinting as well as instructor costs which vary. The law was campaigned by shooting survivor Suzanna Hupp and was signed by then-Governor George W. Bush.

The restaurant closed down on September 9, 2000. A Chinese-American buffet called Yank Sing is now located where the Luby's used to be.

References

1991 in the United States
1990s in Texas
1990s murders in the United States
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1990s
Attacks on buildings and structures in the United States
Attacks on restaurants
Disasters in Texas
Mass murder in the 1990s
Mass murder in Texas
Mass shootings in Texas
Massacres in the United States

Murder-suicides in the United States
Murders by firearm in Texas
October events
Suicides by firearm in the United States
Lee Konitz (October 13, 1927 – April 15, 2020) was an American jazz composer and alto saxophonist. He was thought to be one of the main people involved in the cool jazz movement. Konitz has also performed successfully in bebop and experimental jazz.

Konitz was born in Chicago.

Konitz died in New York City on April 15, 2020 of COVID-19.

References

Other websites

 A 1985 interview 
 Lee Konitz: 12 Memorable Duets  by Thierry Quénum (Jazz.com)
 Lee Konitz Trio: Live At The Village Vanguard by NPR

1927 births
2020 deaths
American jazz musicians
American saxophonists
Musicians from Chicago
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Theodore Walter "Sonny" Rollins (born September 7, 1930) is an American jazz tenor saxophonist. Rollins is widely known as one of the most important and influential jazz musicians. A number of his compositions, such as "St. Thomas", "Oleo", "Doxy", and "Airegin", have become jazz standards.

Rollins was born in New York City.

References

Other websites

Sonny Rollins Official Website

Kennedy Center honorees
1930 births
Living people
American jazz musicians
American composers
American saxophonists
Musicians from New York City
Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th president of the United States in January 1985. This was the beginning of Reagan's second term as President. George H. W. Bush was also inaugurated as Vice President for the second time.

There were two separate ceremonies. A private ceremony was held on January 20, and another was held publicly on January 21. This was done because the normal day for a Presidential inauguration, January 20, was a Sunday. 

Reagan was sworn in as President during the private ceremony. It was held in the Grand Foyer of the White House. It was broadcast on television. The next day, Reagan took the oath in public under Chief Justice Warren E. Burger.

Related pages
First inauguration of Ronald Reagan
United States presidential election, 1984

References

1985 in the United States
Speeches by Ronald Reagan
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Reagan, Ronald
Reagan Ronald
Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th president of the United States on Tuesday, January 20, 2009. This inauguration was the beginning of the first term of Obama as President and of Joe Biden as Vice President. The oath of office was given by Chief Justice John G. Roberts.

The ceremony was attended by more people than any event held in Washington, D.C. Based on the combined numbers of people there, people watching it on television and the Internet, it was one of the most-watched events ever by the global audience.

Barack Obama
Obama, Barack
2009 in Washington, D.C.
January events
The first inauguration of Bill Clinton as the 42nd president of the United States was held on January 20, 1993. This was the beginning of the first term of Bill Clinton as President and Al Gore as Vice President.

The ceremony took place at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Clinton was the first president elected after the Cold War period. He was the first Democrat elected in 16 years.

Clinton and Gore took over from outgoing President George H. W. Bush and outgoing Vice President Dan Quayle.

References

1993 in the United States
Clinton, Bill
Clinton, Bill
Fidel "Eddie" Valdez Ramos (born March 18, 1928), popularly known as FVR, is a Filipino politician. He was the twelfth President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998.

References

Other websites

1928 births
Living people
Filipino military people
Generals
Military personnel of the Korean War
Military personnel of the Vietnam War
Presidents of the Philippines
Protestants
Joseph "Erap" Ejército Estrada (born José Marcelo Ejército; April 19, 1937) is a Filipino politician. He served as the thirteenth President of the Philippines from 1998 until 2001.

Estrada was the first person in the present Fifth Republican period to be elected both President and Vice-President. He is currently the Mayor of Manila, the country's capital. He was elected as mayor in the mid-term elections in 2013.

References

Other websites

1937 births
Living people
Mayors of Manila
Presidents of the Philippines
Vice Presidents of the Philippines
The first inauguration of Abraham Lincoln as the 16th president of the United States took place on March 4, 1861. The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Abraham Lincoln as President and Hannibal Hamlin as Vice President.

1861 in the United States
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln, Abraham
Robert Hall "Bob" Weir (born October 16, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He is known for creating the band Grateful Dead.

Weir was born in San Francisco, California. He studied at Menlo Atherton High School.

References

Other websites

1947 births
Living people
Singer-songwriters from California
American guitarists
Singers from San Francisco
Musicians from San Francisco
The first inauguration of Woodrow Wilson took place on March 4, 1913. It was the beginning of his position as the 28th president of the United States and Thomas R. Marshall's tenure as Vice President. 

Chief Justice Edward D. White administered the oath of office. Wilson wanted and asked that the inaugural ball to be canceled. He found it inappropriate for the occasion because of women's suffrage and women's rights protesting.

References

1913
Woodrow Wilson
Wilson, Woodrow
1910s in the United States
Philip Levine (January 10, 1928 – February 14, 2015) was an American poet and teacher. He was best known for his poems about working-class Detroit. 

He taught for more than thirty years at California State University, Fresno. He also taught at other different schools. He was appointed Poet Laureate of the United States for 2011–2012. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1995.

Levine died of pancreatic cancer on February 14, 2015 in Fresno, California, aged 87.

References

Other websites

1928 births
2015 deaths
American poets
American teachers
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Pulitzer Prize winners
Writers from Detroit, Michigan
Educators from Detroit, Michigan
The Munich massacre was an attack that happened on 5-6 September during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. 11 members of the Israel Olympic team were murdered after being taken hostage. A German police officer was also killed.

The terrorists demanded the Israeli government to release 234 prisoners held in Israeli jails. Of the eight attackers, five were killed by the police and three were arrested. The three were released from jail.

References

Other websites

 The Israeli Response to the 1972 Munich Massacre – Includes an extensive overview of the Munich massacre
 A Tribute to the 1972 Israeli Olympic Athletes – Includes biographies and photographs for each of the 11 Israeli athletes killed
 Time Magazine , 4 December 2005
 Special Publication of Israel State Archives: The Fortieth Anniversary of the Massacre of the Israeli Athletes in Munich 

1972 Summer Olympics
1970s crimes in Europe
1970s disasters in Europe
1970s in Israel
Attacks on buildings and structures in Germany
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1970s

History of Bavaria
Mass murder in Germany
Mass murder in the 1970s
Mass shootings in Europe

Massacres in Europe
Murders by firearm in Germany
September events
Terrorist incidents in Germany
Terrorist incidents in the 1970s
Don Juan Antonio Samaranch y Torelló, 1st Marquis of Samaranch (17 July 1920 – 21 April 2010) was a Spanish sports administrator. He served as the seventh President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from 1980 to 2001.

Samaranch died of cardio-respiratory failure on 21 April 2010, aged 89.

References

Other websites

1920 births
2010 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Spain
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from respiratory failure
Presidents of the International Olympic Committee
Spanish politicians
Sportspeople from Barcelona
Long-term memory (LTM) is our memory of past events. It follows from short-term memory, and involves the growth of nerve synapses which are very long-lasting.

Types of LTM 
The brain does not store memories in one unified structure, as might be seen in a computer's hard disk drive. Instead, different types of memory are stored in different regions of the brain.  Long term memory is typically divided up into two major headings: explicit memory and implicit memory.

Explicit memory 
Explicit or 'declarative' memory refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and knowledge.  These are partly encoded by the hippocampus, stored elsewhere. Exactly where is unknown, but the temporal cortex has been proposed as a likely candidate. Research shows that amnesiac patients with damage to the medial temporal lobe performed more poorly on explicit learning tests than did healthy controls. However, the same patients performed at the same rate as healthy controls on implicit learning tests.  This implies that the medial temporal lobe is heavily involved in explicit learning, but not in implicit learning.

Implicit Memory
Implicit or procedural memory refers to the use of objects or movements of the body, such as how exactly to use a pencil, drive a car, or ride a bicycle.  This type of memory is encoded and it is presumed stored by the striatum and other parts of the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia is believed to mediate procedural memory and other brain structures and is largely independent of the hippocampus.  The parietal and occipital regions are associated with implicit memory.

Emotional memory 
The memory for events that evoke a particularly strong emotion may involve both declarative and procedural memory processes.  Emotional memories are consciously available, but elicit a powerful, unconscious physiological reaction.  Research indicates that the amygdala is extremely active during emotional situations, and acts with the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the encoding and consolidation of emotional events.

Working memory 
Working memory (STM) is not part of long term memory, but is important for long term memory to work. Working memory holds and works on information for a short period before it is either forgotten or put into long term memory. Then, to remember something from long term memory, it must come back into working memory. If working memory is overloaded it can affect the encoding of long term memory.

References 

Memory
Human skills
Sensory memory (SM) is an automatic response, not under conscious control. It deals with the input from the senses. The information people received which is stored in sensory memory is just long enough to be transferred to short-term memory.

The information in SM is the "raw data" of a person's overall sensory experience. There are four common features to all forms of SM: 
The formation of a SM trace is independent of attention to the stimulus.
The information stored in SM is modality specific. This means for example, that echoic memory is only for storing auditory information, and haptic memory is only for storing tactile information.
Each SM store has an immense amount of detail.
Each SM trace is very brief and lasts a very short period of time. Once the SM trace has decayed or is replaced by a new memory, the information stored is no longer accessible and is ultimately lost.

The SM is made up of stores of different kinds of information. Each has different rates of information processing and decay. Genetics also plays a role in SM capacity.

References 

Memory
Ferdinand Alexander "Ferry" Hoogendijk (23 November 1933 – 14 February 2014) was a Dutch political scientist, journalist and politician. He was the editor of Elsevier and a member of the parliamentary group of the Pim Fortuyn List (, LPF). He was born in Gouda, South Holland.

Hoogendijk died on 14 February 2014 in Naarden, North Holland. He was 80 years old.

References

Other websites

 

1933 births
2014 deaths
Dutch journalists
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
People from Gouda
Pim Fortuyn List politicians
Dutch political scientists
Politicians from South Holland
Writers from South Holland
Ernst Carel Bakker (16 April 1946 in Hellendoorn – 8 February 2014 in Hilversum) was a Dutch politician of Democrats 66 (D66).

Bakker was merely active in local politics. He served as a councillor of Amsterdam for several years, and was also an alderman from 1992 to 1998. Afterwards he was mayor of Hilversum from 1998 to 2011. In between he was for a brief period a member of the House of Representatives, from 1981 to 1982.

Bakker died at the age of 67 in 2014.

References

Other websites
 Biography at Parlement.com

1946 births
2014 deaths
Democrats 66 politicians
Aldermen of the Netherlands
Dutch councillors
Dutch mayors
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Politicians from Overijssel
Magnus is a name that means "great" in Latin. It was sometimes used as a given name by the Romans. The name spread with the Catholic Church, which spoke Latin. It became very common among the nobility in Scandinavia.

People
People with this name include:

Kings of Norway
 Magnus I of Norway (1024–1047)
 Magnus II of Norway (1048–1069)
 Magnus III of Norway (1073–1103)
 Magnus IV of Norway (c. 1115–1139)
 Magnus V of Norway (1156–1184)
 Magnus VI of Norway (1238–1280)
 Magnus VII of Norway (1316–1374)

Kings of Sweden
 Magnus I of Sweden (c. 1106–1134)
 Magnus II of Sweden (died 1161)
 Magnus III of Sweden (1240–1290)
 Magnus IV of Sweden (1316–1374), also Magnus VII of Norway

Other
 Charlemagne, whose Latin name was "Carolus Magnus"
 Albertus Magnus, German theologian and philosopher
 Magnus Rosén, Swedish musician
 Magnus Carlsen, Norwegian chess player

Given names
Richard "Dick" Hyman (born March 8, 1927) is an American jazz pianist, keyboardist and composer. He is best known for his skill with jazz piano styles.

Hyman was born in New York City, New York.

References

Other websites

 

1927 births
Living people
American composers
American movie score composers
American pianists
Columbia University alumni
Educators from New York City
Keyboardists
Musicians from New York City
Palmyra was an ancient Arabian city in central Syria. It is in an oasis  northeast of Damascus, and  southwest of the Euphrates.

History

It was an important city in ancient times. It had long been a place for travellers to stop when crossing the Syrian Desert. The city was founded some time during the 2nd millennium BC. It became abandoned around 1929. The site was made a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1980.

The Semitic name of the city is  (). In Aramaic, it means "a city that cannot be defeated". The earliest written reference to the city by this name is on Babylonian tablets found in Mari. It is still known as Tadmur in Arabic.

The people of Palmyra worshipped many gods and goddesses from Mesopotamia, Syria, Arabia and Greece. They built a series of temples and large monuments containing funerary art, or art representing the dead. Palmyrans originally spoke Aramaic, but later began speaking Greek. 

The area was later made a part of the Roman Empire. The city was important because of the "silk commerce" from Rome toward the China region in eastern Asia. Between the years 260 and 273, Odaenathus and his wife Zenobia used Palmyra as the capital of the Palmyrene Empire. This period of Roman history is called the Crisis of the Third Century.

By the time of the Muslim conquests, a few Arab tribes were living in Palmyra.

The city lost its importance after the 16th century. It was fully abandoned by 1929, during the Ottoman Empire. There is a new town of the same name nearby to the south of the ruins.

During the Syrian Civil War in 2015, the Islamic State (ISIS) destroyed large parts of the ancient city. It was recaptured by the Syrian Army in 2017.

Notes

Bibliography

Other websites
 Palmyra, with photos and detailed information

Archaeological sites in Syria
Places of Ancient Rome
Ruins
World Heritage Sites in Asia
1932 disestablishments
20th-century disestablishments in Asia
Soini is a municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had about 2,300 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Alajärvi, Karstula, Kyyjärvi, Saarijärvi and Ähtäri. Municipality is established 1868.

Other websites 

 Page 

Municipalities of Finland
Siligo is a city in the region of Logudoro in northern Sardinia, Italy. 

Siligo is next to the following municipalities: Ardara, Banari, Bessude, Bonnanaro, Codrongianos, Florinas, Mores, Ploaghe.

Main sights

Archeological site of Monte sant'Antoni: a prehistoric Federal Nuragic Sanctuary
Archeological site of Mesumundu: an old Roman area and medieval
Church of Nostra Segnora de Mesumundu,  built in the Byzantine age (6th century AD) upon the ruins of a Roman baths (2nd century AD). The church was modified after 1065 by the Benedictine monks of Montecassino.
Church of Santi Elia ed Enoch: built on the top of the Monte Santo and modified by Benedictine monks after 1065.

Notable people
Maria Carta (1934-1994), folk singer and actress
Gavino Ledda, author of an autobiographical work Padre padrone (1975)

References 

Cities and towns in Sardinia
Communes of Sardinia
Maria Carta (24 June 1934 – 22 September 1994) was a Sardinian folk music singer-songwriter. She also performed in film and theater. In 1975, she wrote a book of poetry, Ritual Song.

She was born in Siligo, Sassari, Sardinia. She died of cancer in Rome.

Discography
1971 Sardegna canta
1971 Ninna nanna / Muttos de amore
1971 Adiu a mama / Antoneddu Antoneddu
1971 Trallallera corsicana / La ragazza moderna
1971 Paradiso in Re
1973 Nuovo maggio / Funerale di un lavoratore
1974 Dilliriende
1974 Amore disisperadu / Ave Maria
1974 Dies Irae
1975 Diglielo al tuo Dio  / Nuovo maggio
1975 Maria Carta
1976 Vi canto una storia assai vera
1976 La voce e i canti di Maria Carta vol.1
1976 La voce e i canti di Maria Carta vol. 2
1978 No potho reposare / Ballada ogliastrina / Muttettu
1978 Umbras
1980 Haidiridiridiridiridinni
1984 Maria Carta concerto dal vivo 
1981 Sonos ‘e memoria
1984 Sonos’ e memoria
1992 Chelu e mare
1993 Le memorie della musica
1993 Muttos ‘e amore
1993 Trallallera
2002 Sardegna canta

Filmography
1977 Jesus of Nazareth (miniseries) (by Franco Zeffirelli) as Martha
1974 The Godfather Part II (by Francis Ford Coppola) as Vito Corleone's mom
1976 Cecilia - Storia di una comune anarchica (by Comolli) as Olimpia
1977 Cadaveri eccellenti (by Francesco Rosi) as Signora Cres
1980 Un reietto delle isole (based on by Joseph Conrad's novel An Outcast of the Islands) (by Giorgio Moser)
1985 Derborence
1986 Il camorrista (by Giuseppe Tornatore) as The mother
1988 Disamistade (by Gianfranco Cabiddu) as "Madre Di Sebastiano"
1992 Il commissario Corso (telefilm)

Other websites 

1934 births
1994 deaths
Cancer deaths in Italy
Disease-related deaths in Rome
Folk singers
Italian movie actors
Italian poets
Italian singers
Italian television actors
People from Sardinia
was a Japanese poet. He won the international Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1994 for his "lasting contribution to children's literature".

Mado was born as Michio Ishida in Tokuyama, Yamaguchi prefecture. He died on February 28, 2014, aged 104.

References

Other websites
 Mado dies

1909 births
2014 deaths
Children's writers
Deaths from natural causes
Japanese centenarians
Japanese poets
People from Yamaguchi Prefecture
Channapatna Ramaswami Simha () better known as C. R. Simha () (June 16, 1942 – February 28, 2014) was an Indian actor, director, dramatist and a playwright. 

He was best known for his work on Kannada movies and for his work in stage shows. He directed many successful stage shows such as Kakanakote, Thughlaq and Sankranthi.
 
Simha died at a hospital in Bangalore from prostate cancer, aged 71.

References

Other websites

1942 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in India
Deaths from prostate cancer
Indian movie actors
Indian movie directors
Playwrights
Indian stage actors
The inauguration of John Adams as the second president of the United States took place on Saturday, March 4, 1797. 

The inauguration was the beginning of the four-year term of John Adams as President and Thomas Jefferson as Vice President. 

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Oliver Ellsworth swore him in.
The oath of office was given at the House of Representatives Chamber of Congress Hall in Philadelphia. This was the first inaugural oath given by a Chief Justice of the United States.

References

1797 in the United States
John Adams
Adams, John
1790s in Pennsylvania
18th century in Philadelphia
The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (also commonly referred to as UCLA Medical Center) is a hospital located on the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles in Los Angeles, California, United States. This hospital is thought to be one of the best in the United States. 

Many famous people died here such as Marlon Brando, Michael Jackson, Richard Dawson, John Wooden, Ed McMahon, John Wayne, Zsa Zsa Gábor, Carrie Fisher and Martin Landau. 

The hospital was founded in 1955. It was reopened in June 2008 and named after President of the United States Ronald Reagan.

References

Other websites

Hospitals in the United States
Buildings and structures in Los Angeles
UCLA Medical Center
1955 establishments in California
The Reagan Diaries is an edited version of diaries written by Ronald Reagan while he was President of the United States. 

The book is edited by Douglas Brinkley. The unedited version of Reagan's diaries were published in 2009. Ronald Reagan was president for eight years. During his terms in office, Reagan wrote in his diary about conflicts with the Soviet Union, the Iran–Contra affair, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and his Alzheimer's diagnoses. The edited diaries reached #1 on the New York Times Bestseller List.

Reagan's original diary is on display at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

References

2007 books
Ronald Reagan
Diaries
There are 161 state parks and 10 state trails in the U.S. state of Florida. All the parks together are more than . People from anywhere can visit them. Between 2012 and 2013, more than 27,000 volunteers (people who are not paid money) worked to make the parks for better for the 25.2 million people who visit every year. There is a small fee to enter most of Florida's state parks. It costs more to use cabins, marinas, or campsites if the park has them. Florida's state parks together have 3,454 family campsites, 235 cabins, thousands of picnic tables,  of beaches, and over 1,625 miles (2,616 km) of trails.

The Florida Park Service is the part of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. They operate the Florida State Parks. The National Recreation and Park Association gave them the Gold Medal honoring the best state park system in the country in 1999 and 2005. The parks are open all year. Some have many things to do other than fishing, hiking and camping. Many parks have facilities for bird watching or horseback riding; there are several battle reenactments; and freshwater (not salty) springs and beaches are some of Florida's very beautiful places.

Several state parks used to be private tourist attractions bought by the state of Florida to preserve (keep from changing) their natural environment. These parks include the Silver River State Park, Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park, Rainbow Springs State Park and Weeki Wachee Springs.

There are state parks in 58 of Florida's 67 counties. Nine of the 161 parks do not have "State Park" in their name. Four are "conservation areas" (reserve, preserve, or wildlife refuge); three are "Historical/Archaeological sites"; one is a fishing pier and one is a recreation area. Seven parks are mostly undeveloped (nothing built there) with few or no facilities (such as water or toilets); 10 parks are accessible only by private boat or ferry; and 13 parks contain National Natural Landmarks. There are also eleven national parks in Florida. The National Park Service controls those.

Florida state parks and reserves

Note: The table of contents only applies when the list is sorted by park name. 
"Year" refers to the year the park was opened. If that date is not available, the year the state acquired (started to own) the property will be used.   
Left mouse click on the up/down arrows to sort the list by that column. Photo and remarks are unsortable.

References

Other websites 
Official state park service website
Map of Florida State Parks 

Florida-related lists
Parks in the United States
Florida's Forgotten Coast is a registered trademark. The Apalachicola Bay Chamber of Commerce registered it in the early 1990s.  The name refers to a mostly quiet, undeveloped (few buildings) part of coastline from Mexico Beach on the Gulf of Mexico to St. Marks on Apalachee Bay in the U.S. state of Florida.  The nearest large city is Tallahassee. It is about 90 miles (145 km) northeast of Apalachicola. Panama City, home of Tyndall Air Force Base, is about 60 miles (95 km) to the northwest.

The Forgotten Coast includes these coastal communities (towns), listed west to east:
 Port St. Joe
 Cape San Blas
 Apalachicola
 Eastpoint
 Carrabelle
 Lanark Village
 Alligator Point
 Panacea
 Shell Point

These are on the Forgotten Coast:
 Gulf County, Florida
 Franklin County, Florida
 Wakulla County, Florida

The area is famous for its oyster and shrimp production, marine wildlife, and fine white-sand beaches. Peninsulas and barrier islands along the coast include:
 Gulf County:
 St. Joseph Peninsula
 Cape San Blas
 Franklin County:
 St. Vincent Island
 Cape St. George Island
 St. George Island
 Dog Island

Protected natural areas include:
 St. Joseph Peninsula State Park
 Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve
 St. Vincent National Wildlife Refuge
 St. George Island State Park
 Tate's Hell State Forest
 Bald Point State Park
 Wakulla State Forest
 Edward Ball Wakulla Springs State Park
 San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park
 St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge

Related pages
 Florida Panhandle

References

Other websites
  Historic Apalachicola - Local Information site

Geography of Florida
Johnny Vegas (born Michael Joseph Pennington; 5 September 1970) is an English actor and comedian. He is best known for his role as Geoff Maltby (The Oracle) in Benidorm. His style comedy include: his angry rants, surreal humour, portly figure, high husky voice and support of St Helens rugby league club.

Vegas was born in St Helens, Lancashire, England. He was married to Catherine "Kitty" Donnelly from 2002 until they divorced in 2008. He married Irish columnist Maia Dunphy in 2011 in Seville, Spain. He is a Christian, having returned to religion after having lapsed during adolescence. He lives in London.

References

Other websites
 

1970 births
Living people
Actors from Lancashire
British socialists
Comedians from Lancashire
English Christians
English movie actors
English radio actors
English television actors
Entertainers from Merseyside