cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Russell McCaskill Simpson (17 June 1880 – 12 December 1959) was an American actor.

Biography
Simpson was born in San Francisco, California. He is best known for his work in the movies of John Ford. He is most famous for his portrayal of Pa Joad in The Grapes of Wrath in 1940.

Simpson reportedly prospected for gold in Alaska in his youth. By 1909 he had gone into the theatre. He appeared in at least two plays on Broadway between 1909 and 1912. He made his motion picture debut in Cecil B. DeMille's 1914 original movieversion of The Virginian. He only had a minor role in that movie.  By 1923, when the movie was remade, Simpson had progressed to playing the lead villain.  

Simpson was a familiar character actor for almost forty-five years as a member of the John Ford Stock Company. He worked up to 1959. His final movie was The Horse Soldiers. It was his tenth movie for Ford. He died in Woodland Hills, California 12 December 1959. 

He was survived by his wife Gertrude.  Simpson had two children, Russell Jr. and Roberta.

Selected filmography

 The Virginian (1914) (uncredited)
 Lovely Mary (1916)
 Blue Jeans (1917)
 The Deadlier Sex (1920)
 Under the Lash (1921)
 Peg o' My Heart (1922)
 The Virginian (1923)
 Annie Laurie (1927)
 The First Auto (1927)
 Now We're in the Air (1927)
 The Trail of '98 (1928)
 Abraham Lincoln (1930)
 Billy the Kid (1930)
 Law and Order (1932)
 Call Her Savage (1932)
 Frontier Marshal (1934)
 The World Moves On (1934)
 Wild West Days (1937 serial)
 Drums Along the Mohawk (1939)
 The Grapes of Wrath (1940)
 Virginia City (1940)
 Three Faces West (1940)
 Swamp Water (1941)
 The Spoilers (1942)
 Border Patrol (1943)
 Moonlight in Vermont (1943)
 Man from Frisco (1944)
 They Were Expendable (1945)
 A Boy and His Dog (1946)
 My Darling Clementine (1946)
 Bowery Buckaroos (1947)
 The Romance of Rosy Ridge (1947)
 Coroner Creek (1948)
 Tap Roots (1948)
 Albuquerque (1948)
 Wagon Master (1950)
 The Sun Shines Bright (1953)
 Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954)
 The Last Command (1955)
 The Tin Star (1957)
 The Horse Soldiers (1959)

References

Other websites

1880 births
1959 deaths
American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from San Francisco
The great-billed heron (Ardea sumatrana) is a wading bird of the heron family Ardeidae. It is resident from southeast Asia to Papua New Guinea and Australia. Its habitats are largely coastal such as islands, coral reefs, mangroves and large rivers. However, occasionally, it can be found inland in shallow ponds.

It feeds in shallow water, spearing fish with its long, sharp bill. It will wait motionless for prey, or slowly stalk its victim.

Birds of Australia
Pelecaniformes
The little egret (Egretta garzetta) is a small white heron. The Biman Bangladesh Airlines: portrays the Balaka bird symbol with Bangladeshi flag is associated with this specific species respectively.

Description 
Adults are 55–65 cm long with an 88–106 cm wingspan, and weigh 350–550 grams. The plumage is often all white, but can also be blue-grey. In the breeding season, the adult has two long plumes on the nape that form a crest. There are similar feathers on the breast, but the barbs are more widely spread. The legs are black and the feet yellow. Juveniles are similar to non-breeding adults but have greenish-black legs and duller yellow feet. The subspecies nigripes differs in having yellow skin between the bill and eye, and blackish feet.

Little Egrets are mostly silent but make various croaking and bubbling calls at their breeding colonies and produce a harsh alarm call when disturbed.

Birds of Africa
Birds of Asia
Birds of Europe
Ciconiiformes
National symbols of Bangladesh
Charles Martin "Chuck" Jones (September 21, 1912 – February 22, 2002) was an American animator, cartoon artist, director, producer and screenwriter.

He was known for his works in Looney Tunes and in Tom & Jerry. He directed many of the Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck cartoons. He won an Academy Award for Best Animated Short. Jones produced 34 Tom and Jerry shorts from 1963 to 1967.

Jones was born on September 21, 1912 in Spokane, Washington. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. Jones studied at the Chouinard Art Institute.

He was married to Dorothy Webster from 1935 until her death in 1978. Then he was married to Marian J. Dern from 1981 until his death in 2002. He has a daughter with Webster, Linda Jones Clough.

Jones died on February 22, 2002 in Corona del Mar, Newport Beach, California from heart failure, aged 89.

References

Other websites

 Chuck Jones web site
 The Animation of Chuck Jones  at Keyframe - the Animation Resource
 Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database
 
 Chuck Jones at Find-A-Grave
 Chuck Jones: Three Cartoons (1953-1957) - Roger Ebert discusses Jones' three films in the United States Library of Congress National Film Registry.

1912 births
2002 deaths
Academy Award winning directors
American animators
American screenwriters
American television directors
American television producers
Deaths from heart failure
People from Spokane, Washington
People from Los Angeles
Richard Alva "Dick" Cavett (born November 19, 1936) is an American television talk show host, comedian, game show host, entertainer, television, and radio personality, and actor who is known for The Dick Cavett Show. He won two Emmy Awards. 

Cavett was born on November 19, 1936 in Gibbon, Nebraska. He was raised in New York City, New York. He has German, French, British and Irish ancestry. Cavett studied at Yale University. He was married to Carrie Nye from 1964 until her death in 2006. He has been married to Martha Rogers since 2010. He has no children.

References

Other websites

An interview with Dick Cavett, Feb 2011
Dick Cavett at TVGuide.com
Dick Cavett talks about his love of magic  with Dodd Vickers at MagicNewswire.com

1936 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
American television personalities
American radio personalities
American stand-up comedians
American television talk show hosts
American television presenters
American game show hosts
Actors from Nebraska
Actors from New York City
Writers from Nebraska
Writers from New York City
Emmy Award winning actors
Comedians from Nebraska
Comedians from New York City
Sylvestre Ntibantunganya (born 8 May 1956) is a Burundi politician. He was Speaker of the National Assembly of Burundi from December 1993 to 1 October 1994. He was also President of Burundi from  6 April 1994 to 25 July 1996 (interim to October 1994).

Biography
Ntibantunganya was born in Gishubi, Gitega. He is an ethnic Hutu. He served as foreign minister briefly during 1993.

He came into office when the previous president, Cyprien Ntaryamira, was killed in a plane crash. It was an assassination in which the Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana was also killed. Ntibantunganya left office when he was deposed by Pierre Buyoya in a military coup of 1996.

Ntiybantunganya is presently a Senator for life as a former head of state.

References

1956 births
Living people
Presidents of Burundi
Antoine Nduwayo (born on 1942) was the Prime Minister of Burundi from February 22, 1995 until July 31, 1996. He is an ethnic Tutsi and a member of UPRONA. He was appointed Prime Minister by the Hutu president in an effort to stop some Tutsis from fighting with his government. He resigned shortly after the 1996 military coup.

Nduwayo allegedly participated in the assassination of the first democratically elected Hutu president, Melchior Ndadaye. On October 19, 2020, more than a year after the opening of the case and two days before the anniversary of the assassination, Nduwayo was acquitted or proven not guilty.

References

Living people
1942 births
Gęsianka is a village in the district of Gmina Dobre, which is in Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is about  southwest of Dobre,  north of Mińsk Mazowiecki, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Poland
Crocmaz is a commune in Ştefan Vodă district, Moldova. It is composed of a single village, Crocmaz.

Moldova
Brixton is a village near Plymouth in England. It is on the A379 Plymouth to Kingsbridge road and is about  from Plymouth. In 2011, its population is 1.252.

It has views of the River Yealm. The church is 15th century, with a tower arch 200 years older.

References

Other websites
Brixton at GENUKI
Pictures of Brixton

 

Villages in Devon
KWUT (97.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Country music format. Licensed to Elsinore, Utah, USA, the station is currently owned by Mid-Utah Radio, Inc.

History
The station went on the air as KRFD-FM on November 9, 1998. On September 11, 1998, the station changed its call sign to KSGI and on November 1, 1999 to KRFD. On November 25, 2000, the station became KACE, and KMGR by December 31, 2000. On November 15, 2001 it switched back to KACE and back to KRFD on May 29, 2001. The station became KLGL on June 16, 2001. On August 8, 2005, the station flipped to KCYQ. It then flipped in the fall of 2010, to the current calls.

References

Radio stations in the United States
1998 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Utah
Badbaado is a refugee camp outside of Mogadishu, Somalia. It began as a result of the 2011 East Africa drought and famine. It now houses roughly 30,000 refugees.

Food aid is available for refugees there, but its supply has been poor because of the policies of al-Shabab.  The limited access to food has been a source of violence in the camp. There has also been looting by freelance militias and government forces.  Due to the unsafe conditions, some refugees have fled Badbaado to seek other camps.

References

Somalia
Dúnchad mac Fiachnai (died circa 644) was King of Ulaid from the Dal Fiatach dynasty. He was the son of Fiachnae mac Demmáin (died 627), a previous king. He ruled from 637-circa 644.

The Dal Fiatach recovered the kingship of Ulaid after the Battle of Mag Roth in 637 and were to retain it until 674. Family strife was a common theme among the dynasty at this time. Dúnchad's mother was Cumne Dub ingen Furudráin of the Uí Tuirtri (a tribe of the Airgialla west of Lough Neagh in modern County Tyrone). She had previously been married to Dúnchad's great uncle Baetan mac Cairill (died 581) by whom she had children. These children were eliminated by Dúnchad's full brother Máel Dúin mac Fiachnai in 605.  However, the ambitions of Máel Dúin were not to be fulfilled as he was murdered by Dúnchad at Óenach Deiscirt Maige, probably in southern Muirthemne in modern County Louth.

His son Congal Cennfota mac Dúnchada (died 674) was also a King of Ulaid.

Notes

References 

 Annals of Ulster at  at University College Cork
 Annals of Tigernach at  at University College Cork
 Byrne, Francis John (2001), Irish Kings and High-Kings, Dublin: Four Courts Press, 
 Charles-Edwards, T. M. (2000), Early Christian Ireland, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,  
 Gearoid Mac Niocaill (1972), Ireland before the Vikings, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan
 Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (2005), A New History of Ireland, Volume One, Oxford: Oxford University Press

Other websites
CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork

640s deaths
Sales tax is a form of taxation based on what people buy rather than their income. In the European Union and many other places it is called Value added tax. Certain vital items are usually exempt. Hungary has one of highest rates in the world- 27%.

Related pages
European Union budget

Government
Taxation
Thomas Kendrick (born 1839, date of death unknown) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War. He was also a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. He received it for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.

Biography
Kendrick was born in 1839 in Bath, Maine. He was still living in that city when he joined the Navy. He served during the Civil War as a coxswain on the . He volunteered to join the  for the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864. It was there he showed "courageous devotion to duty". For this action, he was presented the Medal of Honor four months later, on December 31, 1864.

Kendrick's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
Served as coxswain on board the U.S.S. Oneida in the engagement at Mobile Bay, 5 August 1864. Volunteering for the Mobile Bay action from Bienville, Kendrick displayed courageous devotion to duty, and his excellent conduct throughout the battle which resulted in the capture of the rebel ram Tennessee and in the damaging of Fort Morgan, attracted the attention of the commanding officer and those serving around him.

References 

1839 births
Year of death unknown
People from Maine
Military personnel of the American Civil War
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
Samuel W. Kinnaird (May 2, 1840 – April 20, 1923) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War. He was a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. He got it for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.

Kinnaird's Background
He was born on May 2, 1840, in New York City. Kinnaird was still living in the state of New York when he joined the Navy. He served during the Civil War as a landsman on the . At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864, Lackawanna engaged the . They fought at close range and Kinnaird displayed "presence of mind and cheerfulness" which helped maintain his shipmates' morale. For this action, he was presented the Medal of Honor four months later on December 31, 1864.

Citation
Kinnaird's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
Served as a landsman on board the U.S.S. Lackawanna during successful attacks against Fort Morgan, rebel gunboats and the ram Tennessee in Mobile Bay, 5 August 1864. Showing a presence of mind and cheerfulness that had much to do with maintaining the crew's morale, Kinnaird served gallantly through the action which resulted in the capture of the prize rebel ram Tennessee and in the destruction of batteries at Fort Morgan.

Kinnaird died on April 20, 1923. He was 82 and was buried in the New York City neighborhood of Woodside, Queens.

References

Other websites
 

1840 births
1923 deaths
Military personnel of the American Civil War
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
Lisa Hartman (more often recognized as Lisa Hartman Black; June 1, 1956) is an American actress and singer. She  has mostly acted on television. She starred on the short lived Tabitha in 1977-78. She aslo performed in the soap Knots Landing as the rock singer Ciji Dunne. Through the name Lisa Hartman, she recorded four solo records between 1976 and 1987. She was born around Houston, Texas.

Actors from Houston, Texas
Singers from Houston, Texas

1956 births
Living people
Parveen Talukder (born 31 January 1958) is a Bangladeshi politician and businessperson. She is an Honorable Parliament Member of 9th National Assembly (Constituency 316, Barisal). In business, Talukder deals with the ready-made garments industry of Bangladesh.

Early life
Talukder  was born in a Muslim family of Moheshpur Thana of Jhenaidah district on 31 January 1958.

Politics
She became involved in politics at a very early age, when she joined Dhaka Mohanagar Chatra League in 1973 and got elected the Assistant General Secretary of Shiddeshawry Degree College Chatra Sansad. Since then, she has been active in political movements and activities against violations of human rights.

She was elected Chairman of Nolua Union Parished, Bakergonj, Barisal for two consecutive terms, in the year 1997 and 2003. During 12 years as UP Chairman, she was very successful in improving the living standard of the people of Nolua Union. She played a large part in the creation of schools, roads and culverts, electrification and other infrastructural developments. Above all else, she is well known for her fighting against human rights violations and women and child abuse. Currently, she is the President of Bangladesh Mohila Awami League, Bakergonj, Barisal.

Praveen Talukder is a member of committee of Ministry of Environment and Forest. In addition to basic environmental issues, she has worked on climate change. Her work is most notable on the impacts and changes of national and regional climate issues. She took seat in Copenhagen Climate Change Conference2009 in Denmark and Cancun Climate Change Summit 2010 in Mexico.

Parveen Talukder takes personal interest in issues dealing with human rights and environmental protection. For her work on the matter she was awarded “Gold Medal 2009” by National Human Rights Journalist Organization.

Business
Parveen Talukder is also a very successful entrepreneur. She has made a large contribution to the ready-made garments industry of Bangladesh. She is the managing director of Pretty Composite Textile Limited, and Pretty Woolwear Limited and Director of several other concerns of Pretty Group. She is also a former Director of Northern General Insurance Company Limited.

References

See More 
Parvej Husen Talukder ( Poet )

Bangladeshi politicians
Bangladeshi Muslims
1958 births
Living people
A barge is a simple looking boat with a flat surface and long structure. Barges usually transport goods to different places.

In Great Britain, during the Industrial Revolution, a substantial network of narrow barges was developed from 1750 onwards.

From 1825 there was competition from the railways. Eventually the British rail system took over from canal traffic due to the higher speed, falling costs and route flexibility of rail transport. 

Barges carrying bulk and heavy cargoes continue to be viable. There is no cheaper way to move really heavy loads. Originally, British canals had locks only  wide, so narrowboats could be no more than 6'10" wide if they were to be able to navigate the system. It was soon realised that narrow locks were too limiting, and later locks were doubled in width to . 

On the British canal system the term 'barge' is used to describe a "Thames [sailing barge], Duch [barge], or other styles of barge". The people who move barges are often known as lightermen. 

A narrowboat is a particular type of canal boat, built to fit the narrow locks of the United Kingdom.

References 

Boats
Newnham College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It is for women only and has about 500 students. It was created in 1871 by Henry Sidgwick who wanted to make education more available to women. It was built at a time when most colleges where for men only. It was the second college to allow women after Girton. It started just as a group of houses in Regent Street. In 1875 the first buildings were finished in Sidgwick Avenue and the college moved there.

Newnham College has beautiful large gardens that the students can walk on. This is different from the other colleges where only Fellows can walk on the grass. It also has one of the largest libraries in Cambridge, with more than 90,000 books.

Some very important people have studied here. Philippa Fawcett, for example, was the first woman to get the best result in the mathematics course in Cambridge in 1890. Virginia Woolf based her famous book The Room of One's Own around Newnham College. Other people to have studied here include:

Diane Abbott, a Member of Parliament
Rosalind Franklin, who helped discover DNA
Sylvia Plath, an American poet

References

Other websites 
Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
1871 establishments in the United Kingdom
Nasiruddin Muhammad Humayun (6 March 1508 - 27 January 1556) was the second Mughal Emperor. 

He ruled Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India from 1530 to 1540. He was the son of the previous emperor, Babur. 

His son was Akbar, one of the most famous emperors in Mughal history.

Military campaigns 
In 1532, Humayun and Sher Shah Suri clashed on the battlefield. Humayun won the battle and captured Chunar. In 1534, Humayun defeated Bahadur Shah and captured Gujrat. Sher Shah meanwhile regrouped and defeated Humayun, at Chausa in 1539 and at Kanauj the next year (1540).

Humayun was forced to go to Persia in exile, for 15 years. In 1555, Humayun returned to India and defeated the succesor of Sher Shah, Islam Shah and regained India.

War with Bahadur Shah

In 1531, Bahadur Shah Zafar overran Malwa and the next year he turned to Mewar. Humayun marched against Bahadur Shah and easily defeated his forces. Bahadur Shah fled to Ahmedabad and from there to Kathisawar.

Death 

Mughal emperors
1508 births
1556 deaths

In 1556, Humayun had a fatal fall from the stairs of his private observatory (some sources say his library). He was carrying books when his feet got caught in his robe and he tripped and fractured his head. He had bent down upon hearing the azaan (the Muslim call to prayer). All medical aid proved useless, and Humayun died. He is known as "the luckless one".
Andrew Jones (born 1835, date of death unknown) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor which is the U.S. military's highest decoration. He received it for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.

Biography
Jones was born in 1835 in Limerick, Ireland. He immigrated to the United States and was living in New York when he joined the U.S. Navy. He served during the Civil War as a chief boatswain's mate on the . Although their enlistments had expired, Jones and crewmate James Seanor voluntarily transferred to the  to fight in the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864. During the battle they "carried out [their] duties gallantly" according to the Medal of Honor citation. For this actions, both Jones and Seanor were presented the Medal of Honor four months later, on December 31, 1864.

Jones's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
Served as chief boatswain's mate on board the U.S. Ironclad Chickasaw, Mobile Bay, 5 August 1864. Although his enlistment was up, Jones volunteered for the battle of Mobile Bay, going on board the Chickasaw from the Vincennes where he then carried out his duties gallantly throughout the engagement with the enemy which resulted in the capture of the rebel ram Tennessee.

References 

1835 births
Year of death unknown
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
People from New York City
Military personnel of the American Civil War
People from Limerick
James Seanor (born 1833, date of death unknown) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War. He was also a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. He received it for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.

Biography
Seanor was born in 1833 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was living in New York when he joined the Navy. He served during the Civil War as a master-at-arms on the . Although their enlistments had expired, Seanor and crewmate Andrew Jones voluntarily transferred to the  to fight in the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864. During the battle they "carried out [their] duties gallantly" according to the Medal of Honor citation. For this action, both Seanor and Jones were awarded the Medal of Honor four months later on December 31, 1864.

Seanor's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
Served as master-at-arms on board the U.S. Ironclad Chickasaw, Mobile Bay, 5 August 1864. Although his enlistment was up, Seanor volunteered for the battle of Mobile Bay, going on board the Chickasaw from the Vincennes where he carried out his duties gallantly throughout the engagement which resulted in the capture of the rebel ram Tennessee.

References 

1833 births
Year of death unknown
People from Massachusetts
Military personnel of the American Civil War
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
Gannett Government Media was formerly the Army Times Publishing Company. It is a United States company which publishes newspapers, magazines, Web sites, and other publications about the U.S. and other militaries.  It was Founded in 1940 and was purchased by the Gannett Company in August 1997.  

It publishes four weekly newspapers aimed at current and former U.S. military personnel, collectively called the Military Times Media Group: Army Times (founded 1940), Navy Times (founded 1951), Air Force Times (founded 1947), and Marine Corps Times.  

Its Defense News Media Group publishes Defense News (founded 1986), Armed Forces Journal (founded in 1863), Training & Simulation Journal and C4ISR Journal. The company also publishes Federal Times.

According to a Huffington Post AOL News online news article from Boston, Massachusetts by Jim Finkle of Thomson Reuters, dated Wednesday, June 29, 2011:
"Hackers broke into a Gannett Co database containing personal information about subscribers to publications read by U.S. government officials, military leaders, and rank-and-file soldiers, the media company said on Tuesday."

Notes

Other websites
 

Publishing companies of the United States
Companies based in Virginia
1940 establishments in the United States
Kutub al-Sittah are the main hadith collections in Sunni Islam meaning the six books. They are sometimes called the Sahih Sittah. They consist of Sahi al-Bukhari, Sahi Muslim, Sunan as-Sughra, Sunan Abu Dawood, Jami al-Tirmidhi and Sunan ibn Majah. Huraira is the most quoted person in these books.

References

Islam
Religious texts
Quranism (; al-Qur'āniyya) is the belief that the Quran is the only source for Islam. Followers of the group are called Quranist Muslims, or Quran alone Muslims or Quraniyoon. Quranists reject the Hadiths as they believe that the Hadith literature which exists today is apocryphal, as it had been written three centuries after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad; thus, it cannot have the same status as the Quran.

Related pages 
Muwahhidism, the concept of returning the Islamic faith back to its original foundations
Sola scriptura, the Christian equivalent

References

Further reading

Other websites
Quranite.com 
QuranaloneIslam.org

Islamic denominations
George Taylor (November 15, 1830 – October 7, 1893) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War. He was also a recipient of the Medal of Honor, which is the U.S. military's highest decoration. He got it for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.

Biography
Taylor was born on November 15, 1830, in Watertown, New York. He was still living in that state when he joined the Navy. He served during the Civil War as an armorer on the . At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864 his ship engaged the . It was struck by a broadside at close range. The Confederate artillery shells hit Lackawanna's berth deck near the magazine. This caused mass casualties and ignited loose gunpowder. It spilled onto the floor while Lackawanna's sailors were assembling their own shells. The flames moved along a passageway towards the powder room where 17 tons of gunpowder were stored. Although he had received a wound to his forehead Taylor ran towards the fire and extinguished it with his bare hands. This saved his ship. He then returned to his duties for the remainder of the battle. While putting out the fire his hands were burned down to the bone. For this action, he was given the Medal of Honor four months later, on December 31, 1864.

Taylor's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
On board the U.S.S. Lackawanna during successful attacks against Fort Morgan, rebel gunboats and the ram Tennessee in Mobile Bay, on 5 August 1864. When an enemy shell exploded in the shellroom, Taylor although wounded went into the room and, with his hand, extinguished the fire from the explosion. He then carried out his duties during the remainder of the prolonged action which resulted in the capture of the prize rebel ram Tennessee and in the damaging and destruction of Fort Morgan.

Taylor died on October 7, 1893. He was 62 and was buried in Paragould, Arkansas.

References

Other websites
 

1830 births
1893 deaths
People from New York
Military personnel of the American Civil War
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
, also known as Special Case cities, is a defined class or category of Japanese cities.  It is a local administrative division created by the national government.  All special cities have a population greater than 200,000.

History
The special or special case cities were created because of the Local Autonomy Law of Japan. Each city does many of the things normally done by prefectures.

List
Special cities were recognized starting in 2000. There are 40+ of these cities, including
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 Akashi, 2002
 Atsugi, 2002
 Chigasaki, 2003
 Fuji, 2001
 Fukui, 2000
 Hachinohe, 2001
 Hirakata, 2001
 Hiratsuka, 2001
 Ibaraki, 2001
 Ichinomiya, 2001
 Isesaki, 2007
 Jōetsu, 2007
 Kakogawa, 2002
 Kasugai, 2002
 Kasukabe, 2008
 Kawaguchi, 2001
 Kishiwada, 2002
 Kōfu, 2000
 Koshigaya, 2003
 Kumagaya, 2009
 Kure, 2000
 Matsue, 2012
 Matsumoto, 2000
 Mito, 2001
 Nagaoka, 2007
 Neyagawa, 2001
 Numazu, 2000
 Odawara, 2000
 Ōta, 2007
 Sasebo, 2001
 Sōka, 2004
 Suita, 2001
 Takarazuka, 2003
 Tokorozawa, 2002
 Tottori, 2005
 Toyonaka, 2001
 Tsukuba, 2007
 Yamagata, 2001
 Yamato, 2000
 Yao, 2001
 Yokkaichi, 2000

Related pages

 Administrative division
 Urban area
 Municipalities in Japan

References

Other websites
 "Large City System of Japan"; graphic shows special cities in context [PDF 7 of 40]
The Virginia Blue Ridge Railway (VBR) is a historic intrastate short line railroad. It operated in central Virginia in the 20th century.

History
The company was incorporated in 1914. Construction was started in 1915. The VBR went between Tye River Depot in Nelson County to Massies Mill. It met up with the Southern Railway in Massies Mill. The railroad followed the course of the Tye and Piney Rivers for several miles. It eventually enters the mountains. It was initially built to haul chestnut for lumber out of the heavily-timbered Piney River area to local mills until World War I. The chestnut blight wiped out much of the timbered areas. The railroad later served several quarries in the area where titanium dioxide and aplite were mined. It passed through the communities of Roses Mill, Piney River, Canopy, Lowesville, and Buffalo Mine.

The line was abandoned in 1980. In the early 21st century, part of the roadbed was being developed as a rails-to-trails project, the Blue Ridge Railway Trail.

References

 Brief history and information on the trail project 
 Brief history and some photos

Transport in Virginia
Rail transport in the United States
Jet Set Radio Future is a video game that was made by Smilebit. It is published by Sega and is available for Xbox. It is the sequel to the 2000 game, Jet Set Radio.

The game is set in a futuristic Tokyo which the player as part of a gang trys to gain control of. The games gameplay also requires the player to find other gangs graffiti tags and tag over them when the player collects enough spraycans that are littered around each stage. The game's tagging system is also different from the last game. Some of the tagging locations contain multiple spray targets which depend on the tag's size. Time limits for stages are removed and the stages are interconnected.

Other websites 
 Jet Set Radio Future at MobyGames

2002 video games
Platform games
Xbox games
A dreadnought is a navy battleship. A battleship is a large ship used in ocean battles between countries. The first dreadnoughts were made in the early 20th century. They were named after HMS Dreadnought, of the Royal Navy, the first ship of that type.

The first dreadnought was launched in 1906 by the United Kingdom, and was a new design of battleship. These ships had bigger guns; they also had guns that could shoot longer distances. Heavy steel layers were built on to the dreadnoughts as protection, which made them very strong and hard to sink. They were also much faster than older battleships. World War 1 was the first war in which dreadnoughts were used. After the war, a treaty was signed in Washington DC to limit the construction of battleships. This treaty helped stop the manufacturing of dreadnoughts. Japan, the UK, France, Italy and the United States signed this treaty.

Warships
Swahili coast refers to the East cost of Africa inhabited by the Swahili people, that is Kenya, Tanzania and the northern part of Mozambique. Sometimes the islands off this coast are also included. Examples of such islands are Zanzibar, Cormoros and Pate.

Geography of Kenya
Geography of Tanzania
Geography of Mozambique
Robert Heron "Bob" Bork (March 1, 1927 – December 19, 2012) was an American writer, politician, lawyers, and legal scholar who was nominated by Ronald Reagan to be part of the Supreme Court in 1987, but his nomination was rejected by the Senate. He was the United States Solicitor General and acting United States Attorney General.

Bork was born on March 1, 1927 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied at the University of Chicago. He was married to Claire Davidson from 1952 until her death in 1980. Then he was married to Mary Ellen Pohl from 1982 until his death in 2012. With Davidson he had three children. Bork died on December 19, 2012 from heart disease.

References

Other websites

 A Conversation with Judge Robert H. Bork - Event Video, Federalist Society, 2007-06-26
 Congressional Record: Floor Vote on Bork Nomination
 Bork, Robert H. (1996) Our Judicial Oligarchy . 1996 First Things November .
 
Booknotes interview with Bork on Slouching Toward Gomorrah, December 4, 1996. 

1927 births
2012 deaths
United States Attorneys General
United States Solicitors General
American judges
Lawyers from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Educators from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Politicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
US Republican Party politicians
Writers from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Alphonso Taft (November 5, 1810 – May 21, 1891) was the United States Attorney General and United States Secretary of War under President Ulysses S. Grant. He was the father of U.S. President William Howard Taft.

Taft was born on November 15, 1810 in Townshend, Vermont. He was raised in Cincinnati, Ohio. Taft stuided at Yale College, at Yale Law School, and at Yale University. He was married to Fanny Phelps from 1841 until her death in 1951. They had five children. Then he was married to Lousie Maria Torrey from 1853 until his death in 1891. They had five children. Taft died on May 21, 1891 in San Diego, California from heart failure, aged 80.

References

Other websites

1810 births
1891 deaths
American judges
Lawyers from Cincinnati, Ohio
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from heart failure
Politicians from Cincinnati, Ohio
William Howard Taft
Politicians from Vermont
US Republican Party politicians
United States Attorneys General
The Dwight Yorke Stadium is in Bacolet, Tobago, (Trinidad and Tobago). It is named after former Manchester United  footballer Dwight Yorke.  The stadium was constructed for the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship which was hosted by Trinidad and Tobago. The Dwight Yorke Stadium can seat 7,500. It is on the Island of Tobago. The stadium is only minutes from the capital Scarborough and 25 minutes from the airport. It is used by the local football team. The playing surface dimension is 105 metres x 68 metres.

The stadium hosted the 2005 Carifta Track and Field Championships and is also used for minor Tobagonian athletics events.

It also hosted games from the 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.

References 

Trinidad and Tobago
Barłogi (formerly German Berloge) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobrowice within Krosno Odrzańskie County, Lubusz Voivodeship. It is in western Poland. It lies approximately  south of Bobrowice. It is about  south of Krosno Odrzańskie and  west of Zielona Góra.

Before 1945 the area was part of Germany (see Territorial changes of Poland after World War II).

The village has a population of 85.

References

Villages in Poland
Gmina Bobrowice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Krosno Odrzańskie County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the village of Bobrowice. It lies approximately  south of Krosno Odrzańskie and  west of Zielona Góra.

The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 3,113.

Villages
Gmina Bobrowice contains the villages and settlements of Barłogi, Bobrowice, Bronków, Bronkówek, Brzezinka, Chojnowo, Chromów, Czeklin, Dachów, Dęby, Dychów, Janiszowice, Kołatka, Kukadło, Lubnica, Młyniec, Prądocinek, Przychów, Strużka, Tarnawa Krośnieńska, Wełmice and Żarków.

Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Bobrowice is bordered by the gminas of Dąbie, Gubin, Krosno Odrzańskie, Lubsko and Nowogród Bobrzański.

References
Polish official population figures 2006

Poland
Czeklin is a former village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobrowice. It was formerly a German village named Schegeln.  The village is within Krosno Odrzańskie County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately  west of Bobrowice,  south-west of Krosno Odrzańskie, and  west of Zielona Góra.

Before 1945 the area was part of Germany (see Territorial changes of Poland after World War II).

References

Villages in Poland
Piegłowo-Wieś is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szydłowo. It is within Mława County, Masovian Voivodeship in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Poland
Gabrielle is a female name. The male form is Gabriel, from the Archangel in the Gospel of Luke.

Related pages
Gabrielle Giffords
Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2007)
Gabrielle Union
Gabrielle (Xena)
Coco Chanel
Elle Varner
Gabrielle (singer) - British R&B singer, known for the song 'Dreams'.
 

Given names
Stephanie (which can be spelled in different ways) is a female given name. The masculine version is Stephen. Stephanie is a very popular female name. Many celebrities carry the name. For example, Stefani Germanotta goes by the stage name Lady Gaga. Another famous person with this name is Princess Stéphanie of Monaco.

Given names
Kwon Young-ghil (, born November 5, 1941) is a South Korean politician, journalist, human rights activist, and workers' rights activist. He was a member of the 17th, 18th, and 19th South Korea National Assembly.

In 1997 he was defeated by the Democratic Labor Party candidate for South Korea's 15th presidential election. He was defeated again in 2002 at 16th presidential election, and in 2007 for the 17th presidential elections. Between 1996 and 1997 he was Chairman of Korean Confederation of Trade Unions (KCTU). In 2000 to 2009 he was leader of Democratic Labour Party ().

References 
 Kwon Young-ghil:South Korea National Assemblys  
 Kwon Young-ghil  
 민주노동당 홈페이지 

1941 births
South Korean journalists
Human rights
South Korean politicians
Autobiographers
Korean activists
Living people
The Mentality of Apes by Wolfgang Köhler is a 1925 book. It is a landmark work in ethology, cognitive psychology and the study of the hominid apes. In it the author, a leading gestalt psychologist, showed that chimpanzees could solve problems by insight (intelligence). The importance of this work was to show there is no absolute dividing line between the human species and their nearest living relative, at least in this respect. It was also a marker in the struggle between behaviourism and cognitive psychology which continued for the following half century. Köhler's observations and experiments were done on chimpanzees in captivity. Not until Jane Goodall's work later in the century was the behaviour of chimpanzees in the wild studied in depth.

Publication 
The book in English was preceded by important publications in German, which are listed in Henle, Mary 1971. The selected papers of Wolfgang Köhler. New York: Liveright, bibliography 438/9. The book publications are as follows:

1921. Intelligenzprüfungen an Menschenaffen. Berlin: Springer (called a 'second edition', but the first was a two-part whole issue journal publication 1918/19).
1925. The Mentality of Apes. Translated from the second revised edition by Ella Winter. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. U.S. edition 1925 by Harcourt, Brace & World. Also included is a translation of Köhler's long 1921 paper as Some contributions to the psychology of chimpanzees. Appendix, p281342.

Biology books
1925 books
Jessica is a female given name. The name first appeared as the name of a character in the Shakespearean play The Merchant of Venice. Common nicknames of the name include "Jess" and "Jessie".

Given names
The Eureka or Aha! effect refers to the moment of insight when a puzzling problem is suddenly solved. It is named after the Greek polymath Archimedes.

Archimedes was asked by the local king to detect whether a crown was pure gold, or if the goldsmith had added silver. During his trip to the public bath, he noticed how water got displaced when his body sank into the bath. The volume of water displaced equals the volume of the body immersed in the water. He suddenly realized that two objects which weighed the same in air might not weigh the same in water, because the less dense object would displace less water. This is known as Archimedes' principle. 

Archimedes leaped out of a public bath, and ran home naked shouting Eureka! (I found it). This story is thought by some to be a myth, but Archimedes was indeed a most notable inventor. He would certainly have experienced the Aha! effect.

There is some research on the Aha! insight. Aha! moments cannot be predicted. Insight is a psychological term describes the process in problem solving when a previously unsolvable puzzle becomes suddenly clear and obvious. Often this transition from not understanding to sudden comprehension is accompanied by an exclamation of joy or satisfaction, an Aha! moment. A person using insight to solve a problem is able to give accurate, clear, all-or-nothing type responses, whereas individuals not using the insight process are more likely to produce partial, incomplete responses.

There seems to be a two phase process. In the first phase, the problem solver gets stuck. Even though they may have explored all the possibilities, they still cannot see the solution. The second phase occurs suddenly and unexpectedly. After a break in mental fixation or re-evaluating the problem, the answer is seen. Insight problems may be difficult to solve because of our mental fixation on the inappropriate aspects of the problem. People have a good memory for Aha! moments. Insight may occur after a break in mental fixation, allowing the solution to appear transparent and obvious.

References 

Cognition
Problem solving
Insight is the act of understanding the inner nature of things. It is a type of comprehension or learning. It can be used in several ways:
a piece of information: I have an insight into that problem..
the way you come to know something, a kind of learning.
the answer to a question or problem.
a sudden realization: the Eureka effect, named after Archimedes. This is also known as an epiphany.

Higher intelligence (higher IQ) has also been found to be associated with better performance on insight problems.  However, those of lower intelligence benefit more than those of higher intelligence from being provided with cues and hints for insight problems.

References 

Cognition
Problem solving
Words
Lockheed Martin Corporation is an American aerospace, defense, arms, security, and advanced technologies company with worldwide interests. It was formed by the merger of Lockheed Corporation with Martin Marietta in March 1995. It is headquartered in North Bethesda, Maryland, in the Washington, D.C., area. Lockheed Martin employs approximately 110,000 people worldwide as of January 2020.

References

Other websites

Companies based in Maryland
Bethesda, Maryland
Lockheed & Lockheed-Martin aircraft
C. Srinivasa Iyengar was an Indian politician. He was also a former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate from Paramakudi constituency in  1962 election.

References 

Indian politicians
Living people
Year of birth missing
People from Tamil Nadu
Balranald is a town in New South Wales, Australia. It is built on the banks of the Murrumbidgee River. In 2006 there were 1216 people living in the town and another 1500 live in the Shire of Balranald. The town is the centre of the Shire of Balranald, and is the largest town in the district. The main industry in the area is farming: grains, sheep, cattle and grapes. It is named after Balranald in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland.

History
Captain Charles Sturt was the first European explorer to visit the Balranald area. This was in January 1803 as he was going down the Murrumbidgee River in a boat. In 1836, the explorer Major Thomas Mitchell camped on the site of Balranald during his trip to explore the south of Australia. The first person to begin farming was Benjamin Boyd, a squatter, in 1842. George Hobler settled in what became the town area in 1845. The town itself began when the police set up a camp at a spot where the river was easy to cross in 1848. They were there to support the Commissioner for Crown Lands, George James McDonald, who named the area after the town in Scotland where he was born.

A shop and hotel opened in 1848 and the town became an official settlement in 1851. The first 35 blocks of land were sold by auction on 14 January 1845. In 1858 the first steamboat arrived and Balranald became an important inland port. The explorers Burke and Wills camped outside the hotel in 1860 on their journey north to the Gulf of Carpentaria.

Environment
Baranald is on the flood plains of the Murrumbidgee. These plains have many swampy areas which have redgum and blackbox forests. It is also a habitat for the Southern Bell Frog, or Growling Grass Frog, which is on the NSW list of endangered species.

References

Towns in New South Wales
A Leaf spring is a spring type, usually it has been used in vehicles but nowadays current type is not so popular. Using leaf spring is one of the oldest ways to make suspension.

Engineering

de:Feder (Technik)#Biegefeder
Camp Funston was a U.S. Army training camp during World War I located on Fort Riley, southwest of Manhattan, Kansas. American soldiers were there in France in the spring of 1918. Camp Funston was the largest of the 16 camps. The camp was to help soldiers for the military. The money the camp got was $10 million. The camp was . There was space for the commander (officer) to rest. The ground was divided into 4 blocks each by .  The camp could fit 2,000 people in it. There were 3 theaters, a large pool, a barbershop, restaurants, clothing stores, and an arcade (a place with lots of stores on one side). The west division of the camp was where the troops stayed from Kansas, Missouri, and Colorado.

One of the people in charge of the camp was Leonard Wood. He trained all of the troops. Each of the malls, stores, and restaurants paid money back to the camp to help the camp have money.

In March 1918, a sickness called the Spanish flu went to just about everyone in the camp.

References

Military
World War I
A U-boat is a military submarine used by Germany. German submarines were most active in the First Battle of the Atlantic in World War I and in World War II. Although they could be very effective as weapons against enemy warships, they were most effective in economic warfare (commerce raiding) and enforcing naval blockades against enemy shipping.

The name is an abbreviation of the German  ("undersea boat"). In English, U-boat refers exclusively to the German vessels used during the World Wars. In German, however, the term U-Boat refers to any submarine, including military and civilian ones, and modern and foreign ones. Austro-Hungarian Navy submarines were also known as U-boats.

References 

Warships
World War I
World War II
Military of Germany