cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Fußballclub Erzgebirge Aue is a football club which plays in the  German 2. Bundesliga. The club is from Aue in Saxony.

History
The club was founded as SG Aue in 1945 and on 1 November 1948 became BSG Pneumatik Aue. Changes in sponsorship led to a change in name to Zentra Wismut Aue in 1949 and then simply to SC Wismut Aue in 1951. 1951 they promoted to the DDR-Oberliga. In 1954 the government decided that the nearby city Chemnitz(now called Karl-Marx-Stadt) should have a good team. So the name of Aue was changed to SC Wismut Karl Marx Stadt. But the club still played  in Aue. In 1963 Karl Marx Stadt got its own team so the club was renamed to SC Wismut Aue.

Till 1989 Aue was one of the most successful teams in the DDR. They were 3 times winner of the DDR Oberliga (1956, 1957, 1959) and won the Cup once(1955). In the united Germany the started in the  NOFV-Oberliga Süd (4th stage). With the establishment of the Regionalliga Nordost (3rd stage) in 1994, the club qualified for the new league. 200o they came to the Regionalliga Nord and were promoted to the 2. Bundesliga after the 1st place there. 2007 they were again relegated but came back in 2010.

Current squad 
As of July 1, 2011

1946 establishments in Germany
German football clubs
Sport in Saxony
Takashi Sambonsuge (born 5 June 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Nara.

Club career statistics

|-
|1997||rowspan="3"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||Mito Hollyhock||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2001||Ventforet Kofu||J. League 2||18||0||0||0||2||0||20||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Gunma Horikoshi||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||||||||||||||||
|-
|2003||||||||||||||||
|-
|2004||Football League||27||0||||||colspan="2"|-||27||0
|-
|2005||Horikoshi||Football League||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="5"|Matsumoto Yamaga||rowspan="5"|Regional Leagues||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2006||14||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|-
|2007||13||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|-
|2008||11||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||13||0
|-
|2009||12||4||1||0||colspan="2"|-||13||4
|-
|2010||Nara||Regional Leagues||||||||||||||||
97||5||5||0||2||0||104||5
97||5||5||0||2||0||104||5
|}

References

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Digital rights are the rights of people regarding what they can do with their computer. There are many cases that need special thought related to digital rights, such as the right to have data accessible to a few people (privacy) and freedom of expression. Very often the word is used when referring to computer networks such as the Internet.

In 2003, the United Nations held a special talk, called the World Summit on the Information Society. One of the tasks of this talk was to make the digital divide smaller. The digital divide separates countries into "rich" ones and "poor" ones. For "poor" countries accessing the internet is much more hard. After long talks, all people in the talk signed a closing statement.

The statement pointed out that human rights were universal, and that they could not be divided. They were also related to the basic freedoms that the Vienna Declaration had defined, and could not be separated from them. In addition,  democracy as well as sustainable development should be respected and the rule of law should be made stronger.

This declaration also makes specific reference to the importance of the right to freedom of expression in the "Information Society". It says:

"We reaffirm, as an essential foundation of the Information Society, and as outlined in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, that everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; that this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. Communication is a fundamental social process, a basic human need and the foundation of all social organization. It is central to the Information Society. Everyone, everywhere should have the opportunity to participate and no one should be excluded from the benefits of the Information Society offers."

Digital rights management is in this area, as an example.

Related pages 
 Digital rights management
 Freedom of information

References

Other websites 
 The Free Software Foundation encourages freedom in the area of digital rights

Computers
Rights
The Enigma machine was created for Germany by Arthur Scherbius in World War I. It is a cypher machine: a way of changing the letters of a message so that it appears to be scrambled letters (or, random letters).

Each time a letter is typed, it appears as another letter in the alphabet. The choices are not random. They are decided by a series of rotors which are set each day to a different starting set-up. Every press of a key turns the rotors to a new position.

German military messages done on the Enigma machine were first broken by the Polish Cipher Bureau, beginning in December 1932. Later, they designed mechanical devices for breaking Enigma cyphers. From 1938 more complexity was added to the Enigma machines, making decryption more difficult.

On 25 July 1939, in Warsaw, the Poles showed French and British intelligence agents their cryptanalysis of the Enigma, and promised each delegation a Polish-built Enigma. The demonstration was a vital start for the later British work at Bletchley Park.
 "Hut 6 Ultra would never have got off the ground if we had not learned from the Poles, in the nick of time, the details both of the German military version of the commercial Enigma machine, and of the operating procedures that were in use". Gordon Welchman, The Hut Six Story, 1982, p. 289.

During the invasion of Poland (1939) the Polish codebreakers were sent to France for safety. Later, they fled to Britain. Making technical improvements, British codebreakers solved a vast number of messages from Enigma, and gave the plaintext to military staff. The information got from this, called "Ultra" by the British, was a great help to the Allied war effort. Ultra also included decrypts of other German, Italian and Japanese cyphers and codes, including the cypher of the German High Command.

Mistakes by German operators helped the cryptanalysis of Luftwaffe Enigmas, and the British capture of key tables and a machine from a German submarine helped in cracking Navy ones.

On 15th July 2011, Queen Elizabeth II visited Bletchley Park, where the machine is kept in the Museum, to pay tribute to those who worked there, since they cut short the war by breaking the cyphers of Nazi Germany.

References 

World War II
Cryptography
The Heterodontosauridae ("different-toothed lizards") is a family of early ornithischian dinosaurs.

They have often been considered basal ornithopods, although recent studies suggest they may have been more closely related to marginocephalians. Although their fossils are rare, they lived around the globe beginning in the Upper Triassic and may have persisted into the Lower Cretaceous.

Jaws and teeth 
A large gap, called a diastema, separated the premaxillary teeth from the those of the maxilla (the main upper jaw bone) in many ornithischia, but this diastema was arched in heterodontosaurs. 

The mandible (lower jaw) was tipped by the predentary, a bone unique to ornithischia. This bone also supported a beak similar to the one found on the premaxilla. All the teeth in the lower jaw were found on the dentary bone.

Heterodontosaurids are called that because they have two different kinds of teeth. There were three premaxillary teeth. In the early Jurassic Abrictosaurus, Heterodontosaurus, and Lycorhinus, the first two premaxillary teeth were small and conical, while the much larger third tooth resembled the canines of carnivoran mammals and is often called the caniniform or 'tusk'.

Classification 
Several early studies suggested that heterodontosaurs were primitive ornithischians. The main hypothesis in recent years has put heterodontosaurids  in as basal ornithopods.  However, others have suggested that heterodontosaurs share a common ancestor with Marginocephalia (ceratopsians and pachycephalosaurs). This has support from some recent studies. A clade containing heterodontosaurs and marginocephalians has been named Heterodontosauriformes. Heterodontosaurs may even be basal to both ornithopods and marginocephalians. In 2007, a cladistic analysis suggested that heterodontosaurs are basal to all known ornithischians except Pisanosaurus, a result that echoes some of the very earliest work on the family.

Genera 
 Abrictosaurus
 Echinodon
 Fruitadens
Geranosaurus
 Heterodontosaurus (Type species)
 Lycorhinus
Manidens
 Pegomastax
 Tianyulong

References 

Heterodontosaurs
Antti Niemi (born August 29, 1983 in Vantaa, Finland) is a professional Finnish ice hockey goaltender that is currently playing for the San Jose Sharks of the NHL. Niemi also played with the Chicago Blackhawks from 2008-2010 where he won the Stanley Cup.

Awards
Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks in 2010.

Other websites
 

1983 births
Chicago Blackhawks players
Living people
Stanley Cup champions
Vantaa
Finnish ice hockey goaltenders
Filé is a powdered spice. It is made from dried sassafras leaves. It is used in small amounts as a thickening agent in Cajun and Creole cooking.

Spices
Stephen James Strasburg (born July 20, 1988 in San Diego, California) is an American baseball player. He is a pitcher for the Washington Nationals in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played baseball in college at San Diego State University. While playing at San Diego State, Strasburg threw a no hitter against the Air Force Academy. The Nationals drafted him with the first pick in the 2009 MLB Draft. Strasburg signed a contract to play for the Nationals for four years while being paid more than 15 million dollars. After signing his contract, Strasburg began pitching in the minor leagues. Most people did not expect Strasburg to stay in the minor leagues for very long, though. Strasburg played very well in the minor leagues. His earned run average (ERA) for the Syracuse Chiefs, which was the final minor league team he played for, was only 1.08.

Major League Baseball career

Strasburg played his first game in Major League Baseball on June 8, 2010. The game had sold out just a few hours after the Nationals said that Strasburg would play on that day. He was the Nationals' starting pitcher in a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates. Strasburg pitched for 7 innings, striking out 14 Pirates batters, giving up 2 runs, and only allowing 4 hits. The Nationals won the game by a score of 5-2.

References

American baseball players
Washington Nationals players
Sportspeople from San Diego, California
1988 births
Living people
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Kano was born in Tokyo Metropolis on October 31, 1920. He played for Waseda WMW which was consisted of his alma mater Waseda University players and graduates. In 1940, he won the 2nd place at 1940 Emperor's Cup. This tournament was the last Emperor's Cup before the war because Emperor's Cup was suspended for World War II from 1941 to 1945.

In March 1951, when Kano was 30 years old, he was selected the Japan national team for Japan team first game after World War II, 1951 Asian Games. At this competition, on March 7, he debuted against Iran. He also played at 1954 Asian Games and scored 2 goals. He played 7 games and scored 2 goals for Japan until 1954.

On June 4, 2000, Kano died of heart failure in Ota, Tokyo at the age of 79.

Statistics

|-
|1951||3||0
|-
|1952||0||0
|-
|1953||0||0
|-
|1954||4||2
|-
!Total||7||2
|}

References

Other websites

1920 births
2000 deaths
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Robert Schuman (29 June 1886 – 4 September 1963) was a famous French politician. Schuman was a politician with the Mouvement Républicain Populaire (Popular  Republican Movement) party which is a French Christian Democrat party. Schuman was also an independent political thinker and activist. He was twice Prime Minister  of France. He also served as Minister of Finance and Foreign Minister. He was an important person in Europe after World War 2, and worked on creating European and trans-Atlantic institutions. He is regarded as one of the founders of the European Union,  the Council of Europe and NATO.

References 

1886 births
1963 deaths
Former MEPs
Government ministers of France
MEPs for France
People from Luxembourg City
Presidents of the European Parliament
Prime Ministers of France
French Ministers of Finance
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Ikoma was born in Hyogo Prefecture on August 25, 1932. When he was a Kwansei Gakuin University student, he won 1953 and 1955 Emperor's Cup as a member of All Kwangaku which was consisted of his alma mater Kwansei Gakuin University players and graduates. After graduating from university, he joined Mitsubishi Motors in 1955. In 1965, the club joined new league Japan Soccer League. However he did not play in the match in the league. In 1966, he became a playing manager. End of 1966 season, he resigned as manager and retired from playing career.

On January 2, 1955, when Ikoma was a Kwansei Gakuin University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Burma. He played 5 games for Japan in 1955.

On April 27, 2009, Ikoma died in Kobe at the age of 76.

Statistics

|-
|1965||rowspan="2"|Mitsubishi Motors||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 1||0||0
|-
|1966||0||0
0||0
0||0
|}

|-
|1955||5||0
|-
!Total||5||0
|}

References

Other websites

1932 births
2009 deaths
Footballers from Hyōgo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Iwatani was born in Kobe on October 24, 1925. After graduating from Waseda University, he played for Osaka SC. Osaka SC won the 2nd place at Emperor's Cup 3 times (1951, 1952 and 1953).

In March 1951, Iwatani was selected Japan national team for Japan team first game after World War II, 1951 Asian Games. At this competition, on March 7, he debuted against Iran. On march 9, at 3rd place match, he scored 2 goals against Afghanistan and Japan won the match 2-0. He also played at 1954 Asian Games. In June 1956, at 1956 Summer Olympics qualification, he played as captain against South Korea and Japan finished with one win and one defeat. After the qualifiers, he takes part in drawing of lots as captain and got won the qualification to 1956 Summer Olympics. However, in November, he was not selected Japan team for Olympics. He played 8 games and scored 4 goals for Japan until 1956.

On March 1, 1970, Iwatani died of brain tumor in Chuo, Tokyo at the age of 44. In 2006, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.

Statistics

|-
|1951||3||2
|-
|1952||0||0
|-
|1953||0||0
|-
|1954||2||2
|-
|1955||2||0
|-
|1956||1||0
|-
!Total||8||4
|}

References

Other websites

Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association

1925 births
1970 deaths
Footballers from Hyōgo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Alvin Ceccoli (born 5 August 1974) is an Australian football player. He has played for Australia national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="4"|Wollongong Wolves||rowspan="4"|National Soccer League||16||2
|-
|1996/97||24||2
|-
|1997/98||27||7
|-
|1998/99||15||1

|-
|1998/99||AEK Athens||Alpha Ethniki||0||0

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="3"|Wollongong Wolves||rowspan="3"|National Soccer League||27||2
|-
|2000/01||24||2
|-
|2001/02||23||1
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Parramatta Power||rowspan="2"|National Soccer League||3||0
|-
|2003/04||21||2
|-
|2004||Wollongong Wolves||||0||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Sydney||rowspan="2"|A-League||21||1
|-
|2006/07||19||1

|-
|2007||Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 2||34||1

|-
|2007/08||Central Coast Mariners||A-League||3||0
253||21
0||0
34||1
287||22
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1998||4||1
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||0||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||0||0
|-
|2005||0||0
|-
|2006||2||0
|-
!Total||6||1
|}

References

1974 births
Living people
Australian footballers
Sportspeople from Sydney
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Ohashi was born in Hiroshima Prefecture on April 21, 1934. After graduating from Waseda University, he played for Yuasa Batteries and his local club Toyo Industries. In 1965, Toyo Industries joined new league Japan Soccer League. He retired in 1967. He played 3 games and the club also won the championship for 3 years in a row (1965-1967) in the league.

In May 1958, Ohashi was selected the Japan national team for 1958 Asian Games. At this competition, on May 26, he debuted against Philippines.

After retirement, in 1971, Ohashi became a manager for Toyo Industries as Yukio Shimomura successor. He managed the club until 1975.

Ohashi died on December 21, 2015 at the age of 80.

Statistics

|-
|1965||rowspan="3"|Toyo Industries||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 1||3||0
|-
|1966||0||0
|-
|1967||0||0
3||0
3||0
|}

|-
|1958||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

1934 births
2015 deaths
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Sanfrecce Hiroshima players
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Iwabuchi was born in Tochigi Prefecture on November 17, 1933. He played for Keio BRB which was consisted of his alma mater Keio University players and graduates. He won 1954 and 1956 Emperor's Cup at the club.

On January 5, 1955, when Iwabuchi was a Keio University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Burma. In June 1956, at 1956 Summer Olympics qualification against South Korea, he scored a goal. After the qualification, Japan won the qualification to 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne by the drawing of lots. In November, he was selected Japan for 1956 Olympics. He also played at 1958 Asian Games. He played 8 games and scored 2 goals for Japan until 1958.

On April 16, 2003, Iwabuchi died of peritonitis in Tokyo Metropolis at the age of 69.

Statistics

|-
|1955||3||1
|-
|1956||3||1
|-
|1957||0||0
|-
|1958||2||0
|-
!Total||8||2
|}

References

Other websites

1933 births
2003 deaths
Footballers from Tochigi Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Footballers at the 1956 Summer Olympics
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Matsumoto was born in Saitama on August 13, 1934. After graduating from Saitama University, he played for his local club Urawa Club (ja).

On December 28, 1958, he debuted for Japan national team against Malaya.

He later coached at Urawa Minami High School. The manga Akakichi no Eleven was based on his team.

He died of heart disease in Saitama on September 2, 2019, aged 85.

Statistics

|-
|1958||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

1934 births
2019 deaths
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Izumi was born in Hiroshima Prefecture on April 8, 1944. After graduating from Meiji University, he joined Japanese Regional Leagues club Toyota Motors in 1967. The club was promoted to Japan Soccer League Division 1 in 1972 and Division 2 in 1973. He retired in 1976.

On March 25, 1965, when Izumi was a Meiji University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Singapore and Japan won the match. However, after graduating from university in 1967, he was not selected Japan because he joined a club which playing in Japanese Regional Leagues.

After retirement, Izumi became a manager for Toyota Motors. He managed 1 season in 1987–88, but the club finished at the bottom place and was relegated Division 2.

Statistics

|-
|1965||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

1944 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Nagoya Grampus players
Takayuki Yokoyama (born 22 December 1972) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995||rowspan="5"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||8||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|1996||13||4||2||0||9||1||colspan="2"|-||24||5
|-
|1997||30||11||2||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||36||12
|-
|1998||24||4||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||25||4
|-
|1999||17||1||2||1||4||1||colspan="2"|-||23||3
|-
|2000||rowspan="3"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||5||0||5||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||12||2
|-
|2001||23||8||4||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||28||9
|-
|2002||11||0||3||0||6||0||3||1||23||1
|-
|2003||Sagawa Express Osaka||Football League||29||13||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||29||13
160||41||20||4||26||3||3||1||209||49
160||41||20||4||26||3||3||1||209||49
|}

1972 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
Stanley Smith Stevens (4 November 1906 – 18 January 1973) was an American psychologist. He founded Harvard's Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory and introduced Stevens' power law. He also wrote an important textbook, the 1400+ page "Handbook of Experimental Psychology" (1951).

Life
He was born in Ogden, Utah to Stanely and Adeline (Smith) Stevens and educated in LDS-affiliated schools in Salt Lake City, Utah. He spent much of his childhood in the household of his grandfather Orson Smith. At the death of his parents in 1924, he spent the next 3 years on an LDS mission in Switzerland and Belgium.  He attended the University of Utah from 1927 to 1929 and Stanford University for the next two years, graduating with an A.B. in psychology from Stanford in 1931. He married Maxine Leonard in 1930 and had a son, Peter Smith, in 1936.

Works

References

 Nicholson, I. (2000).  "S.S. Stevens".  In Alan E. Kazdin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press. 
 Nicholson, I.  (2005). "From the Book of Mormon to the Operational Definition: The Existential Project of S.S. Stevens". In William Todd. Schultz (Ed.), Handbook of Psychobiography (pp. 285–298). New York: Oxford University Pres. 

Scientists from Utah
American psychologists
1906 births
1973 deaths
People from Ogden, Utah
is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Niwa was born in Kawachinagano on January 16, 1986. He joined J1 League club Gamba Osaka from their youth team in 2004. However he could not play at all in the match. In 2007, he moved to J2 League club Tokushima Vortis on loan. He played 45 matches as defensive midfielder. In 2008, he moved to J1 club Omiya Ardija on loan. However, there were few opportunities to play. In August, he moved to J2 club Avispa Fukuoka on loan. He played as center back and Avispa was promoted to J1 end of the 2010 season. In 2012, he returned to Gamba. However Gamba was relegated to J2 end of the 2012 season. In 2013, he became a regular player as center back and Gamba won the champions and was returned to J1 in a year. In 2014, Gamba won all three major title in Japan; J1 League, J.League Cup and Emperor's Cup. In July 2017, he moved to Sanfrecce Hiroshima. In July 2018, he moved to FC Tokyo.

In July 2015, Niwa was selected the Japan national team for 2015 East Asian Cup. At this tournament, he debuted against China on August 9. He played 2 games for Japan in 2015.

Statistics

|-
|2004||rowspan="3"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="3"|J1 League||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2005||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2006||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||Tokushima Vortis||J2 League||45||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||47||1
|-
|2008||Omiya Ardija||J1 League||0||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="4"|Avispa Fukuoka||rowspan="3"|J2 League||9||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||10||1
|-
|2009||35||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||37||1
|-
|2010||35||1||4||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||39||1
|-
|2011||J1 League||30||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||31||0
|-
|2012||rowspan="6"|Gamba Osaka||J1 League||14||0||3||0||1||1||3||0||21||1
|-
|2013||J2 League||25||2||2||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||27||3
|-
|2014||rowspan="4"|J1 League||25||2||5||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||35||2
|-
|2015||34||0||4||0||1||0||11||0||50||0
|-
|2016||28||0||2||0||5||1||3||0||38||1
|-
|2017||5||0||1||0||0||0||1||0||7||0
|-
|2017||rowspan="2"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J1 League||13||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|-
|2018||1||0||0||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|2018||rowspan="3"|FC Tokyo||rowspan="3"|J1 League||6||0||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|2019||0||0||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2020||3||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0||1||0||4||0
|-
|2018||rowspan="2"|FC Tokyo U-23||rowspan="2"|J1 League||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2019||17||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||0
326||8||29||2||23||2||19||0||397||12
326||8||29||2||23||2||19||0||397||12
|}

|-
|2015||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

References

Other websites
 

1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
Gamba Osaka players
Tokushima Vortis players
Omiya Ardija players
Avispa Fukuoka players
Sanfrecce Hiroshima players
FC Tokyo players
FC Tokyo U-23 players
Marko Marin (born 13 March 1989 in  Bosanska Gradiška, SFR Yugoslavia) is a German football player. He plays for Chelsea FC and Germany national team.

Career
At the age of two he and his parents came to Germany. There he started playing football in his local club SG 01 Hoechst and then with Eintracht Frankfurt. In 2006 he went to the  Borussia Mönchengladbach youth academy. 2007 he signed his first professional contract with Gladbach. His debut in the first squad was  on 31 March 2007 against Eintracht Frankfurt. On 24 June 2009 he was sold for € 8.5 million from Borussia Mönchengladbach to Werder Bremen.

Because he never was contacted by the Bosnian association he decided to play for Germany. He played for the German U21 squad and 26matches for the National football team.  He was part of the 2010 FIFA World Cup squad. He came in two times as substitute.

Honours

Club
Borussia Mönchengladbach
 2. Bundesliga: 2007–08

Country
Germany
 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship: 2009
 FIFA World Cup: Third place – Bronze medal (2010)

Individual 

Fritz-Walter-Medal 2006 in Silver (Category U17)
Fritz-Walter-Medal 2007 in Gold (Category U18)
 
The Fritz Walter medal is presented by the DFB to the three best youth players of Germany.

Club career statistics 

|-
|rowspan="2"|2006/07||Borussia Mönchengladbach II||Regionalliga Nord||16||3||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||16||3
|-
|rowspan="3"|Borussia Mönchengladbach||1. Bundesliga||4||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||4||0
|-
|2007/08||2. Bundesliga||31||4||2||1||colspan="2"|–||33||5
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="3"|1. Bundesliga||33||4||2||3||colspan="2"|–||35||7
|-
|2009/10||rowspan="2"|Werder Bremen||32||4||6||1||10||2||48||7
|-
|2010/11|||||||||||||||
|-
|2012/2013||rowspan="2"|Chelsea|||||||||||||||
|-
|2013/2014||||||||||||||||
|-
116||15||10||5||10||2||136||22
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2008||4||1
|-
|2009||3||0
|-
|2010||4||0
|-
!Total||11||1
|}

1989 births
Living people
German footballers
Lotus Racing is a Formula 1 racing team. The team was created by the Malaysian government and Proton. It started racing in 2010. 

Lotus Racing is not the same as Team Lotus. Lotus is owned by Proton, a company that builds cars. The Malaysian government owns a large part of Proton.  Lotus Racing was started by the Malaysian government to promote the Proton company and its Lotus cars. The right to use the name Team Lotus is owned by David Hunt.  David Hunt is the brother of James Hunt. James Hunt is the 1976 F1 world champion. The only connection between the two teams is the name Lotus.

The new Lotus race car is painted green and yellow. These colors are the same colors used by the oridgnal Team Lotus.

Complete Formula One results 
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

 Season in progress.

References 

Formula One constructors
Formula One current
Rot Weiss Ahlen is a football club which plays in Germany. After the first relegation from the 2. Bundesliga the club was renamed from LR Ahlen into Rot Weiss Ahlen, because of retirement of the main sponsor LR International.

History
The club has its roorts in different local clubs in the early 1900s. Coalminers often played football then. In 1917, Freie Sportclub Union (FSCU) Ahlen was founded and became one of the region's best known teams. During the time of Nazi rule in Germany the club was dissolved because most of the players came from abroad. A new club, Tus Germania Ahlen, was formed in 1933. This side merged with the strong local club Wacker Ahlen to create the town's largest sports association.

After the Second World War the 8 local clubs formed TuS Ahlen in 1948.Leichtathletik Rasensport Ahlen was formed on 1 June 1996 when TuS Ahlen merged with Blau-Weiß Ahlen to begin play in the Regionalliga West/Südwest in 1996–97. 2009 they were relegated from the 2. Bundesliga and next season from 3rd league due to insolvency. At present they play in the NRW-Liga.

Current squad
As of 17 August 2011

Staff
Head Coach:
 Thomas Berndsen

Assistant Coach:
 Björn Lerbs

German football clubs
Sport in North Rhine-Westphalia
1996 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Germany
The Vienna Declaration was a statement to reinforce the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Charter. This led to the starting of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. It was adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993.

The main principle is that "all human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and interrelated." (Part I para 5) This means that the international community must treat all matters about human rights both economic, social and cultural rights and civil rights equallly and with the same importance without exceptions. This phase is cited also by Declaration of Montreal, Yogyakarta Principles and Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

This Declaration aims at full realization of all human rights and freedoms without any discrimination such as racism, xenophobia, being in immigration, migrant workers, indigenous, ethnic or minority group, with tolerance and also affirm the human rights of women, child against all child abuse; child labour, child soldier, child prostitution, child pornography and any form of human trafficking, unfree prostitution, sexual slavery and against inhuman use of any weapons of war, especially the landmine, and  also arrims the human rights of persons with disabilities.  

To realize all human rights, this Declaration demands all countries to ratify fully all treaties on human rights as much as possible and to make effective legal system to give remedy for human rights violations are indispensable to democracy and sustainable development not only the fair and full realization of human rights.   

This Declaration also affirm the universal worth of human rights, freedom and democracy and blame any terrorism, unlawful drug trade and also kidnapping as their destructions and insists international cooperation to combat against them. And this Declaration insists the international solidity and in the sprit of burden-sharing to ensure the right to political asylum according to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees including for Palestinian people and also insists the importance of education about international human rights law, humanitarian aid, peace, tolerance, rule of law, democracy and social justice for all at any level of educations against illiteracy.  

This Declaration also affirm the right to develop for developing countries, especially for the poorest countries in Africa, and to promote the democracy in Africa for development but that lacking of development may not justify the violation of full human rights. And appeals to the States which do not recognize formally the Geneva Conventions, to take necessary action to realize all human rights.

References 

Human rights
United Nations
is a Japanese book. It is a 17th century chronicle (history) of the reigns of the Japanese emperors before the 19th century.

A French translation of Nihon Ōdai Ichiran (Annales des empereurs du Japon) was published in 1834. It was translated by a Dutchman Isaac Titsingh ; this translation was one of very few books about Japan of the time.

First book of its kind in the West
Dutch historian Isaac Titsingh brought the seven volumes of the book with him when he returned to Europe in 1797. He returned after twenty years in Asia.  Titsingh's French translation was published in 1834. The Japanese originals were lost in the 19th century wars in Europe. 

This was the first major history of Japan to be published in the West. It was also the first history book by a Japanese writer to be published in Europe.

Isaac Titsingh described Nihon odai ichiran as a very difficult book.  He thought that the translation was "a most tedious task."

In the 1950s, Ōdai-ichiran was evaluated by Japanologist John Whitney Hall who confirmed Titsingh's work is a careful translation from Japanese sources.

Related pages
 History of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese era name

References

Other websites
Manuscript scans, Waseda University Library

History of Japan
A morpheme is the smallest linguistic part of a word that can have a meaning. In other words, it is the smallest meaningful part of a word. Examples of morphemes would be the parts "un-", "break", and "-able" in the word "unbreakable".

There are 5 types of morpheme:
 Free morpheme: a morpheme which can be joined with other morphemes (such as unbreakable) or on its own (such as break)
 Bound morpheme: a morpheme which can only be used when joined to other morphemes (such as unbreakable)
 Derivational morpheme: a morpheme which can be derived (added) to another morpheme to create a new word (such as adding -ness to happy to form the new word happiness)
 Inflectional morpheme: a morpheme which can change a word's tense, number, etc. (such as adding -s to dog to form the plural dogs)
 Allomorphs: different types of the same morpheme (for example, the morpheme ed can have the sound 'id' in the word hunted, the sound 't' in the word fished or the sound 'd' in the word buzzed)

Grammar
Strong Bad is one of the major characters of the Homestar Runner series of animated Flash web cartoons. He is portrayed by Matt Chapman, the principal voice actor and co-founder of the series. Strong Bad enjoys pranking the other characters of the series, along with his ever-diligent lackey pet named "The Cheat" and his older brother Strong Mad. The main segment that Strong Bad is a part of is "Strong Bad Email", in which he answers emails sent to him by fans. Strong Bad Email has turned into several DVDs, as well as a podcast, since its first episode in 2001.

Strong Bad is sometimes referred to as the main antagonist of the series due to his pranks that he, Strong Mad, and The Cheat play on the other characters, and his insulting of his brother Strong Sad. He seems to be a character influenced by the American popular culture trends of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s,  
such as heavy metal music and the second and third generations of video games and video game consoles. Since he is one of the site's most popular characters, merchandise has also spun off of Strong Bad, which includes t-shirts and sweatshirts sold by the website.

Strong Bad has been one of the series most popular characters, and has been well received. In an article by National Review Online, Strong Bad was described as "a non-stop braggart, liar, manipulator, and egotist", but also "one of the coolest characters on the Internet and the real star of Homestarrunner.com, which may be the most popular homegrown animation in the world". Segments have been spun off of his emails, including "Teen Girl Squad" a comic drawn by Strong Bad about four teenage friends.

References 

Animated characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1996
Homestar Runner
Internet memes
Old Style (or O.S.) and New Style (or N.S.) are terms used for calendar dates in English language historical studies, for two reasons. The first reason is that the method of dating that is most widely used around the world today, the Gregorian calendar, was introduced into English cultures only in 1752. The second is that 1 January has not always been the first day of the year. In the British Empire (and some other countries), March 25th was the start of the year. Both of these conventions changed not very long ago, in historic terms, as just a few centuries ago. So when a date is given in a history book (or an old book), we need to know whether it is in the modern New Style or the traditional Old Style. During the time of the changeover, people would give both dates. Even today, when historians are writing about an event in those times, they often give the date as it was used at the time but also give the modern equivalent for your convenience. 

In Europe and its colonies, the Julian calendar was used traditionally. Other countries used different systems: for example China, Japan and Korea used lunisolar calendars.  

The reason for changing the calendar was that people realised that there is a mistake in the Julian calendar, that it adds too many leap years. This meant that the date of Easter was being calculated wrongly, because it depends on March 21 being the date of the equinox.  So they designed a new calendar that corrected this error. The new rule was that a leap year would happen every four years (as before) but not if the year ended in 00 unless it could be divided evenly by 400. Pope Gregory XIII had declared that this new calendar should be used from 1582 onwards. But only Roman Catholic countries accepted this ruling: Protestant and Eastern Orthodox countries refused to have the Pope tell them what to do. So even in Europe, the change happened at different times.

For example, it was not until 1752 that Great Britain and its colonies changed over to the new calendar, also changing the start of the year from 25 March to 1 January at the same time. Russia changed in 1918, after the 'October' Revolution.

The Latin words for O.S. are stili veteris or stilo vetere. These terms are used in some books worldwide. They can be shortened to st.v.

References 

History
Time
The Clarence S. Campbell Bowl is a National Hockey League (NHL) trophy awarded to the Western Conference playoff champions. The trophy is named for Clarence S. Campbell to honor his work for the NHL. He was the president of the NHL from 1946 to 1977. The trophy is a made of sterling silver. It was made by a British silversmith in 1878.

History 
The trophy was first awarded in 1968 to the regular-season champions of the West Division. Starting in 1975, the trophy was awarded to the regular-season winner of the Campbell Conference. Starting in 1982, the trophy was awarded to the playoff champion in the Campbell Conference. Since 1994, the trophy has been awarded to the playoff champion in the Western Conference.

A traditional supersitition that is prevalent among many of today's NHL players is that no player should either touch or lift the Campbell (Western Conference champion) or Prince of Wales (Eastern Conference champion) Trophies after they have won the conference playoffs; the players feel that the Stanley Cup is the true championship trophy and thus it should be the only trophy that they should be hoisting.

Winners 

Key
^ = Year clinched to lead years won
¤ = Year clinched to consecutively lead years won
† = Eventual Stanley Cup champions

West Division regular season champions (1967–74)

Campbell Conference regular season champions (1974–81)

Campbell Conference playoffs champions (1981–93)

Western Conference playoffs champions (1993–present)

References 

National Hockey League trophies and awards
Kangwŏn-do (강원도) is a province of North Korea. Its capital is at Wŏnsan.  Before Korea was divided in 1945, Kangwŏn and its South Korean neighbor Gangwon-do (also spelled Kangwon-do) was a single province. The "Diamond Mountain" is its highest part.

North Korea
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Onishi was born in Kyoto on April 18, 1943. After graduating from Kyoto University of Education, he joined Mitsubishi Motors in 1967. The club won Japan Soccer League champions in 1969 and 1973. The club also won 1971 and 1973 Emperor's Cup. He retired in 1974. He played 83 games in the league.

In October 1969, Onishi was selected the Japan national team for 1970 World Cup qualification. At this qualification, on October 10, he debuted against Australia.

After retirement, Onishi became a manager for Toshiba in 1981. He managed until 1985–86 season. In 2002, he signed with Thespa Kusatsu and became a general manager. From November 2005, he also served as president.

On June 29, 2006, Onishi died of lung cancer in Yokohama at the age of 63.

Statistics

|-
|1967||rowspan="8"|Mitsubishi Motors||rowspan="8"|JSL Division 1||14||0
|-
|1968||14||0
|-
|1969||14||0
|-
|1970||14||0
|-
|1971||8||0
|-
|1972||11||0
|-
|1973||6||0
|-
|1974||2||0
83||0
83||0
|}

|-
|1969||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

1943 births
2006 deaths
Footballers from Kyoto Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Patrik Berger (born 10 November 1973) is a former Czech football player. He has played for Czechoslovakia national team and Czech Republic national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Slavia Prague||rowspan="2"|First League||20||3||||||||||||||20||3
|-
|1992/93||29||10||||||||||||||29||10

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="2"|Slavia Prague||rowspan="2"|Gambrinus liga||12||4||||||||||||||12||4
|-
|1994/95||28||7||||||||||||||28||7

|-
|1995/96||Borussia Dortmund||Bundesliga||25||4||||||||||2||0||27||4

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="7"|Liverpool||rowspan="7"|Premier League||23||6||2||0||3||1||6||2||34||9
|-
|1997/98||22||3||1||0||2||1||2||0||27||4
|-
|1998/99||32||7||2||0||1||0||6||2||41||9
|-
|1999/00||34||9||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||37||9
|-
|2000/01||14||2||1||0||1||0||5||0||21||2
|-
|2001/02||21||1||1||0||0||0||8||0||30||1
|-
|2002/03||2||0||0||0||1||1||1||0||4||1
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Portsmouth||rowspan="2"|Premier League||20||5||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||23||5
|-
|2004/05||32||3||2||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||37||3
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Aston Villa||rowspan="2"|Premier League||8||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2006/07||13||2||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||14||2
|-
|2006/07||Stoke City||League Championship||7||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|2007/08||Aston Villa||Premier League||8||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0

|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Sparta Prague||rowspan="2"|Gambrinus liga||21||6||||||||||||||21||6
|-
|2009/10||2||0||||||||||||||2||0
49||13||||||||||||||49||13
63||17||||||||||||||63||17
25||4||||||||||2||0||27||4
236||38||11||0||18||3||28||4||293||45
373||72||11||0||18||3||30||4||432||79
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1993||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

|-
|1994||3||1
|-
|1995||7||7
|-
|1996||12||3
|-
|1997||2||1
|-
|1998||4||2
|-
|1999||7||3
|-
|2000||3||1
|-
|2001||4||0
|-
!Total||42||18
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Czech footballers
Sportspeople from Prague
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Kobata was born in Saitama on November 24, 1946. After graduating from Meiji University, he joined Hitachi in 1969. In 1972, the club won Japan Soccer League and Emperor's Cup. The club also won 1975 Emperor's Cup. He retired in 1975. He played 99 games and scored 22 goals in the league. He was selected Best Eleven in 1970.

On July 31, 1970, Kobata debuted for the Japan national team against Hong Kong. In December, he was selected Japan for 1970 Asian Games. He also played at 1974 World Cup qualification in 1973. He played 13 games for Japan until 1973.

Statistics

|-
|1969||rowspan="7"|Hitachi||rowspan="7"|JSL Division 1||13||0
|-
|1970||14||2
|-
|1971||12||1
|-
|1972||12||6
|-
|1973||14||4
|-
|1974||17||4
|-
|1975||17||5
99||22
99||22
|}

|-
|1970||11||0
|-
|1971||0||0
|-
|1972||0||0
|-
|1973||2||0
|-
!Total||13||0
|}

References

Other websites

1946 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Kashiwa Reysol players
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Hirasawa was born in Akita Prefecture on March 5, 1949. After graduating from Akita Commercial High School, he joined Japan Soccer League club Hitachi in 1967. In 1972, the club won the champions at Japan Soccer League and Emperor's Cup. The club won 1975 Emperor's Cup and 1976 JSL Cup. He retired in 1978. He played 160 games and scored 20 goals in the league.

On August 4, 1972, Hirasawa debuted for the Japan national team against the Philippines. In 1973, he was selected by Japan for the 1974 World Cup qualification. He also played in the 1974 Asian Games. He played 11 games and scored one goal for Japan until 1974.

Statistics

|-
|1967||rowspan="12"|Hitachi||rowspan="12"|JSL Division 1||11||4
|-
|1968||13||3
|-
|1969||13||2
|-
|1970||14||1
|-
|1971||11||1
|-
|1972||14||2
|-
|1973||17||2
|-
|1974||15||2
|-
|1975||18||1
|-
|1976||17||2
|-
|1977||7||0
|-
|1978||10||0
160||20
160||20
|}

|-
|1972||2||0
|-
|1973||4||1
|-
|1974||5||0
|-
!Total||11||1
|}

References

Other websites

1949 births
Living people
Footballers from Akita Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Kashiwa Reysol players
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Kono was born in Hiroshima Prefecture on December 30, 1950. After graduating from Sanyo High School, he joined Japan Soccer League club Hitachi in 1969. In 1972, the club won Japan Soccer League and Emperor's Cup. The club also won 1975 Emperor's Cup and 1976 JSL Cup. He retired in 1980 after having played 113 games in the league.

On February 20, 1974, Kono debuted for the Japan national team against Hong Kong.

Statistics

|-
|1969||rowspan="12"|Hitachi||rowspan="12"|JSL Division 1||2||0
|-
|1970||0||0
|-
|1971||4||0
|-
|1972||1||0
|-
|1973||18||0
|-
|1974||11||0
|-
|1975||18||0
|-
|1976||14||0
|-
|1977||17||0
|-
|1978||12||0
|-
|1979||8||0
|-
|1980||8||0
113||0
113||0
|}

|-
|1974||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

1950 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Kashiwa Reysol players
is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Funamoto was born in Hiroshima on August 12, 1942. After graduating from Hiroshima University High School, he joined his local club, Toyo Industries in 1961. In 1965, Toyo Industries joined new league Japan Soccer League. The club won league champions in 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 and 1970. The club also won 1965, 1967 and 1969 Emperor's Cup. He retired in 1975. He played all 166 league matches in 11 seasons. He was selected Best Eleven in 1970.

In September 1967, Funamoto was selected the Japan national team for 1968 Summer Olympics qualification. At this qualification, he debuted against Philippines on September 27. However he was not selected the Japan for 1968 Summer Olympics. In 1970, he also played at 1970 Asian Games. He played 19 games for Japan until 1975.

Statistics

|-
|1965||rowspan="11"|Toyo Industries||rowspan="11"|JSL Division 1||14||0
|-
|1966||14||0
|-
|1967||14||0
|-
|1968||14||0
|-
|1969||14||0
|-
|1970||14||0
|-
|1971||14||0
|-
|1972||14||0
|-
|1973||18||0
|-
|1974||18||0
|-
|1975||18||0
166||0
166||0
|}

|-
|1967||1||0
|-
|1968||1||0
|-
|1969||1||0
|-
|1970||1||0
|-
|1971||0||0
|-
|1972||5||0
|-
|1973||2||0
|-
|1974||0||0
|-
|1975||8||0
|-
!Total||19||0
|}

References

Other websites

1942 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Sanfrecce Hiroshima players