cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
A cease and desist letter is a document sent to an individual or business to stop attempted illegal activity ("cease") and not to restart it ("desist"). The letter may warn to the individual or business that if they do not stop certain behaviour by deadlines set in the letter, then that individual or business may be sued. The same letter may also warn the individual or business to take specified actions in order to avoid being sued. When a cease and desist letter is issued by a public authority, it is called a "cease and desist order".

Although cease and desist letters are not exclusively used for stopping copyright infringement, such letters are also used to protect other issues related to intellectual property. The holder of an intellectual property right (i.e. either a copyrighted work, a trademark, or a patent) may send the cease and desist letter to tell a third party (i.e. an individual or business who is not related to the holder of the intellectual property right) that they are infringing intellectual property. The letter may contain either an offer to license the intellectual property or a very clear threat of a lawsuit. A cease and desist letter often causes both parties to make licensing negotiations, and is very often the first step towards a lawsuit.

If someone receives many cease and desist letters, it will cost a large amount of money to manage them. Each claim in the letters must be evaluated, and the person or group who receives it will have to decide what to do to sort out the cease and desist letter. Either, they would have to obtain an attorney's opinion letter, prepare for a lawsuit, and perhaps start making suitable alternatives that do not break the holder's intellectual property.

Cease and desist letters are sometimes used to intimidate the offending groups and can be used by corporations to relax the online critical speech of such groups. A company owning a trademark may send such letter to them that they are doing trademark infringement, although the actual use of the trademark by the offending group may fall under a fair use exception (which follows, in the U.S., the protection of free speech under the First Amendment).

Related pages
 Abmahnung, the equivalent of a cease and desist letter in German and Austrian law
 Clameur de haro
 Demand letter
 Legal threat
 Lumen (formerly known as Chilling Effects), a collaborative archive to protect lawful online activity from legal threats such as cease and desist letters
 Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act
 Strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPP)

References

Copyright
Legal terms
Letters
Gregory Daniel Davies (born 14 May 1968) is a British stand-up comedian and actor. He is best known for his roles as Greg in We Are Klang, Mr Gilbert in The Inbetweeners, Ken Thompson in Cuckoo, the Taskmaster in Taskmaster and Dan Davies in Man Down. He has made guest appearances in panel shows such as Mock the Week and Would I Lie to You?.

For his role in Cuckoo, Davies was nominated for the BAFTA Television Award for Best Male Comedy Performance in 2013.

Davies was born in St Asaph, Flintshire, Wales. He grew up in Wem, Shropshire, England. Davies is noted for his height, standing  tall.

Other websites

1968 births
Living people
British stand-up comedians
British movie actors
British television actors
People from Shropshire
People from Flintshire
Romeo Cormier (5 January 1950 – 17 January 2020) was a Canadian professional wrestler. He was best known by the ring name Bobby Kay. He was a member of the Cormier wrestling family, a group of four brothers who were all successful professional wrestlers. 

He worked in Canada and the United States from 1967 to the mid-1980s. He owned and operated part of the Eastern Sports Association. After retiring from wrestling, he performed country music professionally before taking a job with Loblaws.

References

2020 deaths
Canadian professional wrestlers
People from New Brunswick
1950 births
The Fall and Rise of Reginald Pelam, or The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perris, or The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin, is a British series sitcom of novels written by David Nobbs. Its also adapted casting Leonard Rossiter, Pauline Yates, John Barron, Sue Nicholls, Geoffrey Palmer, Bruce Bould, John Horsley, Trevor Adams, Sally-Jane Spencer, Tim Preece, Leslie Schofield and Derry Power from the title role. It was produced aireding on the BBC and BBC One from 8 September 1976, until the series till 24 January 1979. He adapted the first series from the novel.

British novels
Ashwini Kumar Chopra (11 June 1956 – 18 January 2020) was an Indian politician, cricketer and journalist. He was born in Jalandhar. Chopra was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was a member of the Lok Sabha from 2014 through 2019. As a journalist, he worked for Punjab Kesari. 

Chopra died of cancer on 18 January 2020 in Gurgaon, Haryana. He was 63.

References

1956 births
2020 deaths
Cancer deaths in India
Indian cricketers
Indian politicians
Indian writers
Indian journalists
Mark William Pocan (; born August 14, 1964) is an American politician and businessman. He is the U.S. Representative for Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district since 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Party, Pocan is Co-Chair of both the Congressional Progressive Caucus and the Congressional LGBT Equality Caucus. 

From 1999 to 2013 he was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. 

He is openly gay.

In January 2020, Pocan endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders for President.

References

Other websites
Congressman Mark Pocan official U.S. House website
Mark Pocan for Congress
 
Campaign 2008 campaign contributions at Wisconsin Democracy Campaign
Meet Mark Pocan, the Original ALEC Spy, Molly Redden, The New Republic, July 25, 2012 

1964 births
Living people
United States representatives from Wisconsin
LGBT politicians
Gay men
People from Kenosha, Wisconsin
US Democratic Party politicians
Peroxisomes or microbodies are organelles inside eukariotic cells which are enclosed  with a membrane. They are involved in various processes, and use up oxygen.

Peroxisomes play an important role in  metabolism, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and signaling. 

Cell biology
Michael Robert Turner (born 15 December 1964), known professionally as Michael Le Vell, is an English actor. He is known for his role as mechanic Kevin Webster in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street, which he has played continuously since 1983.

Other websites

1964 births
Living people
English television actors
People acquitted of rape
Actors from Manchester
People from Lancashire
Al-Nabk is a town in Syria. It is located to the North of Damascus, the capital. It takes about 90 minutes by car from the main international Airport. The population is about forty thousand people. The weather is very cold and snowy in winter because Al-Nabk lies on high mountains. It is about 1360 meter above the sea level. However, in summer the weather is very nice and warm. It is a place for spending happy holidays.
Geography of Syria
Sally Ann Matthews (born 19 September 1970) is an English actress. She is known for playing Jenny Bradley in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street and Sandra Briggs in ITV's fellow soap opera Emmerdale.

Other websites 
 

1970 births
Living people
English television actors
Actors from Greater Manchester
People from Oldham, Greater Manchester
People from Lancashire
Gareth Ian Ablett (19 November 1965 – 1 January 2012) was an English professional footballer and manager. He played as a defender. His professional career lasted from 1985 until 2001.

Ablett was born in the Liverpool suburb of Aigburth. He played for Liverpool between 1985 and 1992. With the club, he won two league titles and an FA Cup, winning against Everton in the 1989 final. In 1995, Ablett moved from Liverpool to city rivals Everton. Later that year, he won the FA Cup with Everton. He remains the only played to win an FA Cup with both clubs. He also played for Derby County, Hull City, Sheffield United, Birmingham City, Wycombe Wanderers, Blackpool and the Long Island Rough Riders during his career. He was also a youth team manager for Liverpool and Everton. From 2009 to 2010, he was manager of Stockport County.

On 1 January 2012, Ablett died of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Tarleton, Lancashire. He was 46.

Honours
Liverpool
Football League First Division: 1987–88, 1989–90
FA Cup: 1988–89
FA Charity Shield: 1988, 1989, 1990 (shared)

Everton
FA Cup: 1994–95
FA Charity Shield: 1995

References

Other websites

1965 births
2012 deaths
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from non-Hodgkin lymphoma
English footballers
English football managers
Liverpool F.C. players
Sportspeople from Liverpool
Sally Dynevor MBE (née Whittaker; born 30 May 1963) is an English actress, known for her role as Sally Webster in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street, which she has played continuously since January 1986.

Other websites

1963 births
Living people
Breast cancer survivors
English television actors
English movie actors
Actors from Greater Manchester
People from Lancashire
Connie Skov Hyde (born 15 November 1969) is an English actress. Between 2017 and 2019, Hyde played Gina Seddon in the ITV television soap opera Coronation Street.

She was born to his English father and Danish father grew up in Lancashire.

References

1970 births
English actors
Living people
The Ryukyuan people (琉球民族, Okinawan: Ruuchuu minzuku; Japanese: Ryuukyuu minzoku) are the natives of the Ryūkyū Islands, a collection of islands located in Japan.

History 
The Ryukyuans descend from the Jōmon and Yayoi peoples.

By the 14th century, numerous chiefs ruled the Ryukyu Islands. In Okinawa, a new chief named Tamagusuku was unpopular among local lords, causing the island to be split into three kingdoms (Chūzan, Nanzan and Hokuzan). By the 15th century, the island was re-united, causing the Ryukyu Kingdom to be born. In the following centuries, the Ryukyu Kingdom would expand its rule over the Amami, Miyako and Yaeyama islands. They would also become a vassal state of China.

In 1609, the Japanese domain of Satsuma took over the Ryukyu Kingdom. The Amami Islands were then ruled by Satsuma, whereas the rest of the Ryukyu Kingdom was turned into a vassal.

In 1872, the Ryukyu Kingdom became the Ryūkyū Domain. In 1879, the Japanese Empire took control of the country.

After Japanese annexation happened, the local cultures and languages of Ryukyu were suppressed. Children who spoke the native Ryukyuan languages at school were punished with dialect cards.

During the Battle of Okinawa (World War II), between 40,000 and 150,000 Okinawans were killed. After World War II ended, the Ryukyu Islands were placed under American administration. The Amami Islands were returned to Japan in 1953, whereas the ofher island groups were returned in 1972.

Culture

Identity 
Many Ryukyuans (especially the diaspora communities in Hawaii and Brazil) consider themselves to be different from the Japanese, who mainly inhabit the mainland (Honshū, Kyūshū, Shikoku and Hokkaidō).

On the other hand, a lot of other Ryukyuans identify as “Japanese”, which is the result of assimilation that dates back to the Meiji Era.

Language 
Historically, the Ryukyuans spoke the Ryukyuan languages. Because Japan suppressed them in the past, they are all endangered, with most speakers being elderly. A Japanese speaker wouldn't be able to understand any of the six Ryukyuan languages without any knowledge out of it. Despite this, the Japanese government calls the Ryukyuan languages ”Japanese dialects” for political reasons. Most linguists on the other hand refer to the Ryukyuan languages as separate languages.

Religion 
The native religion of the Ryukyuans is the Ryukyuan religion, an animistic faith that believes in ancestor worship. Other religions practiced in Ryukyu include Shintoism, Buddhism and Christianity.

Related pages

 Ryūkyū Islands
 Ryukyuan languages

References
Robert Adam Ross Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart  (26 June 1936 – 18 January 2020) was a British politician and life peer. He was the last leader of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) from 1987 to 1988. He was the president of the Liberal Democrats from 1995 to 1998. He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1966 to 2001, when he was raised to the House of Lords.

Maclennan was born in Glasgow. His father was Sir Hector MacLennan. He died in January 2020, at the age of 83.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Columbia University alumni
Former Labour Party (UK) MPs
Former Liberal Democrats MPs (UK)
Former members of the British House of Commons for Scottish constituencies
Leaders of the Liberal Democrats (UK)
Leaders of the Social Democratic Party (UK)
Members of the House of Lords
Politicians from Glasgow
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Social Democratic Party MPs (UK)
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
Rolf Koschorrek (17 June 1956 – 12 January 2020) was a German politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He was a member of the national Bundestag from 2005 to 2013. He was in the dentistry industry outside of politics.

Koschorrek was born in Bad Bramstedt. On 12 January 2020, he died of cancer in Berlin. He was 64.

References

1956 births
2020 deaths
Cancer deaths in Germany
Former members of the German Bundestag
Politicians of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany
The National Book Foundation (NBF) is an American nonprofit organization established "to raise the cultural appreciation of great writing in America". Established 1989 by National Book Awards, Inc.,

Awards
 National Book Awards
 Lifetime Achievement
 5 Under 35
 Innovations in Reading Prize

Programs
Some of the Foundation's programs include:
 Author in Focus 
 BookUp
 Book Rich Environments 
 Book Distribution
 Library Engagement
 Partnership Building
 Why Reading Matters Conference 
 Eat, Drink & Be Literary 
 Literature for Justice
 NBF Presents
 Notes from the Reading Life
 Raising Readers 
 Teen Press Conference

References

1989 establishments in the United States
Non-profit organizations of New York
Petr Pokorný (April 21, 1933 – January 18, 2020) was a Protestant theologian. He was a professor at Charles University in Prague, and pastor of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren. He was one of the leading biblical scholars in the Czech Republic.

References

1933 births
2020 deaths
Czech writers
Theologians
Piri John Ngarangikaunuhia Sciascia  (6 November 1946 – 18 January 2020) was a New Zealand Māori leader and university administrator. From 2016 until his death, he was kaumātua and advisor to the governor-general and government of New Zealand. He was a member of the organising committee for the international exhibition Te Maori. 

He died on 18 January 2020.

References

1946 births
2020 deaths
New Zealand educators
Officers of the New Zealand Order of Merit
Claremont () is a city on the eastern edge of Los Angeles County, California, United States. It is  east of downtown Los Angeles. It is in the Pomona Valley, at the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 34,926. It is home to the Claremont Colleges, a group of seven colleges.

References

Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
Los Osos is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place located along the Pacific coast of San Luis Obispo County, California. The community is part of the 93402 and 93412 ZIP codes and area code 805. The population was 14,276 at the 2010 census.

References

Unincorporated communities in California
Census-designated places in California
Settlements in San Luis Obispo County, California
Dinwiddie County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 28,001. Its county seat is Dinwiddie.

References

Virginia counties
Ingham County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 280,895.  The county seat is Mason.

References

1830s establishments in Michigan Territory
1838 establishments in the United States
Michigan counties
Genesee County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 425,790, making it the fifth-most populous county in Michigan. The county seat and population center is Flint.

References

1836 establishments in Michigan Territory
Michigan counties
Malcolm Hebden (born 21 December 1939) is an English actor. He is known for portraying the role of Norris Cole in the long-running ITV soap opera, Coronation Street, a role which he played from 1994 to 1997, 1999 to 2017, and again from 2019 to 2020.

References

Other websites
 

1939 births
Living people
English television actors
Actors from Cheshire
Stanisław Stefanek (7 May 1936 – 17 January 2020) was a Polish bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Majdan Sobieszczański. He became a priest in 1959. He later held the roles of auxiliary bishop of Szczecin-Kamień and titular bishop of Forum Popilii. He served as bishop of Łomża from 1996 until his retirement in 2011.

Stefanek died on 17 January 2020 in Lublin, at the age of 83.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Polish Roman Catholics
Roman Catholic bishops
David Larry Rudman (born June 1, 1963) is an American puppeteer, cartoonist, producer, director, and singer,  he is known for performing Ernie, Big Bird, Oscar the Grouch, Grover, and the left Two-Headed-Monster on Sesame Street.

1963 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Chicago
Muppets
American puppeteers
John Nelson Brandenburg (April 29, 1929 – January 14, 2020) was an American lieutenant general in the U.S. Army. He was born in Enid, Oklahoma. He was a commander of the I Corps at Fort Lewis, a post which he served from 1981 to 1984. He was also a commander of the 101st Airborne Division from 1978 to 1980. He retired from the military in May 1984 after 33 years of service.

On January 14, 2020, Brandenburg died at his home in Canton, Georgia. He was 90.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
American generals
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Enid, Oklahoma
Palmerston North is a city in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the seat of the Manawatū-Whanganui region. The city is  north of the capital, Wellington. Palmerston North is the country's seventh-largest city. As of June 2018, the city had an urban population of 86,600.

Other websites

Cities in New Zealand
Canton is a city in and the county seat of Cherokee County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 	22,958.

References

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
Jane Danson (born Jane Elizabeth Dawson; 8 November 1978) is an English actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Leanne Battersby in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street (1997–2000, 2004–present). Her other television credits include Children's Ward (1995–1997), The Grand (1997), Always and Everyone (2001–2002) and The Bill (2002–2003).

For her role on Coronation Street, Danson won the 2011 British Soap Award for "Best Dramatic Performance".

Other websites

1978 births
Living people
British people
English child actors
English television actors
Actors from Greater Manchester
Georgia Taylor (born Claire Jackson; 26 February 1980) is an English actress. She is best known for her roles as Toyah Battersby in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street (1997–2003, 2016–present), Ruth Winters in the BBC One medical drama series Casualty (2007–2011) and Kate Barker in the ITV police drama series Law & Order: UK (2013–2014).

She was born and raised in Wigan, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.

Other websites 
 

 

1980 births
Living people
English child actors
English television actors
English movie actors
Actors from Greater Manchester
Wigan
Alan David Halsall (born 11 August 1982 in Greater Manchester|Walkden, Worsley, Greater Manchester) is an English actor, known for playing Tyrone Dobbs in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street, a role which he has played since 1998. 

He has a daughter with ex-wife Lucy-Jo Hudson.

Other websites

1982 births
Living people
English television actors
People from Salford, Greater Manchester
Sue Cleaver (born 2 September 1963) is an English actress. She is best known for playing Eileen Grimshaw in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street, a role she has played continuously since May 2000. She also played Glenda alongside Victoria Wood in the BBC One sitcom Dinnerladies from 1998 to 2000. She was covering for Denise Robertson as the agony aunt on ITV daytime programme This Morning until Robertson's death in 2016. Cleaver was born in Watford, Hertfordshire, England.

Other websites 
 

1963 births
Living people
English television actors
Actors from Hertfordshire
People from Watford
Actors from Manchester
This Morning is a British daytime television programme that is broadcast on ITV in the United Kingdom and Virgin Media One in the Republic of Ireland. The show airs live and features news, topical items, showbiz, style and beauty, home and garden, food, health, real life and other segments. The longest serving presenter of the show is Ruth Langsford, who presented the series continously 21 years since 1999. The show orginally presented by husband and wife duo Richard Madeley and Judy Finnigan for more than a decade after its launch. It is currently presented by Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby to Monday to Thursday, and Dermot O'Leary and Alison Hammond on Fridays and Bank Holidays. During all school holidays including the 6 week Summer Holiday, the show is presented by Eamonn Holmes and Ruth Langsford, five days a week, while all other presenters are absent.

English-language television programs
Cherokee County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the county had a population of 214,346. The county seat is Canton.

References

1830s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1831 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Shale gas is natural gas that comes from shale, a kind of sedimentary rocks. The majority of natural gas in the world is thought to be shale gas, but getting it out of the Earth is difficult.

Sedimentary rocks
Fossil fuels
Hydrocarbons
James Edward Heath (October 25, 1926 – January 19, 2020), nicknamed "Little Bird", was an American jazz saxophonist, composer, arranger and big band leader. He was the brother of bassist Percy Heath and drummer Albert Heath. In 1975, the brothers formed the Heath Brothers. He worked with notable musicians such as John Coltrane, Stanley Cowell, Benny Golson, Specs Wright, Cal Massey, Johnny Coles, Ray Bryant, Nelson Boyd, Miles Davis, Kenny Dorham, Gil Evans, Milt Jackson, Nancy Wilson, Gerald Wilson and Art Farmer. Heath was nominated for three Grammy Awards.

Heath was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the father of musician James Mtume.

On January 19, 2020, Heath died of natural causes in Loganville, Georgia. He was 93.

References

Other websites 

1926 births
2020 deaths
African American musicians
American jazz musicians
American saxophonists
Deaths from natural causes
Musicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Musicians from Queens
Samia Maxine Longchambon (née Ghadie, previously Smith; born 13 July 1982) is an English actress. She is best known for playing Maria Connor in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street, a role she has played since 2000.

Early life
Samia Ghadie was born in Eccles, Greater Manchester to Joseph, a French-Lebanese shop owner and Patsy, an English actress whom he met whilst working in Abu Dhabi. Samia lived there for a period as a child. She has a brother named Tariq.

Other websites

1982 births
Living people
British people
English child actors
English television actors
English movie actors
Actors from Greater Manchester
Albert "Tootie" Heath (born May 31, 1935) is an American jazz hard bop drummer. He is the brother of saxophonist Jimmy Heath and the bassist Percy Heath. In 1975, the brothers formed the Heath Brothers. He notably worked with musicians such as John Coltrane, J. J. Johnson, Wes Montgomery, Art Farmer and Benny Golson's Jazztet, Cedar Walton, Bobby Timmons, Kenny Drew, Sonny Rollins, Dexter Gordon, Johnny Griffin, Herbie Hancock, Friedrich Gulda, Nina Simone and Yusef Lateef.

Heath was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

References

1935 births
Living people
African American musicians
American drummers
American jazz musicians
Musicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Loganville is a city in Walton and Gwinnett counties, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 10,458.

References

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Gwinnett County, Georgia
The Minié ball, or Minni ball, is a type of muzzle-loading spin-stabilized bullet for rifled muskets named after its developer, Claude-Étienne Minié, inventor of the French Minié rifle. It came to prominence in the Crimean War and American Civil War.

Rifling, the addition of spiral grooves inside a gun barrel, givesa spin to a bullet, greatly increasing the range and accuracy of a gun. Before the Minié ball, balls had to be jammed down the rifle barrel, sometimes with a mallet, and after a relatively small number of shots, gunpowder leftovers built up in the spiral grooves, which then had to be cleaned out. The development of the Minié ball was significant, because it was the first projectile that was small enough to be easily put down the barrel of a rifled long gun. Both the American Springfield Model 1861 and the British Pattern 1853 Enfield rifled muskets, the most common weapons used during the American Civil War, used the Minié ball.

The Minié ball did a lot if damage in the American Civil War. It made it really hard for surgeons to treat wounded soldiers because Minié balls shattered bones often.

References

Weapons
Globe Town is an area in East London. It is in the borough of Tower Hamlets, in London, United Kingdom. It is centered around Roman Road. Globe Town can be described as being east of Bethnal Green.

References 

Areas of London
John Mackey (born October 1, 1973) is an American composer. He writes for wind ensemble most of the time. He used to write for dance companies. He studied at Cleveland Institute of Music first and then Juillard. Mackey currently lives in San Francisco, California.

References
The British television soap opera Crossroads had its original run from 1964 to 1988. The only character in all twenty-four years was  Jill Richardson, played by Jane Rossington.

Characters

ITV
The Brian May Band was an English-American rock band formed by Queen guitarist Brian May. The band was originally formed in October 1991 for May's performance at Guitar Legends guitar festival in Seville, Spain. They toured with May to promote some of his studio albums.

The rhythm section for the band was Cozy Powell and Neil Murray, who had already worked together in Black Sabbath and Whitesnake. Spike Edney, who was the tour keyboardist for Queen between 1984 and 1986 took the keyboard spot.

The band soon went on a tour of the United States, Europe and Japan. The tour ended in December 1993, when May returned to the studio with fellow Queen band mates Roger Taylor and John Deacon for Queen's final studio album, Made In Heaven. Meanwhile, Cozy Powell and Neil Murray returned to work with Black Sabbath, and both later joined Peter Green's Band.

The band reunited in 1998 to promote Brian May's Another World album. Eric Singer, of later KISS fame, was brought as the last minute replacement for Cozy Powell, who had died in a car accident earlier that year.

In 2005, both Jamie Moses and Spike Edney joined the Queen + Paul Rodgers collaboration on their worldwide tour.

Their only release was the live album, Live at the Brixton Academy in 1993.

American rock bands
English rock bands
1991 establishments
Paola Santana is a Dominican entrepreneur, lawyer and faculty at Singularity University. She is best known for establishing the first constitutional court in the Dominican Republic and founding a drone based logistics company, Matternet that first drone delivery platform authorized for permanent operations in any city. Santana has also founded Social Glass, a software product for the government system.

Education 
Santana got her Bachelor's degree in Law from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra in 2009. She enrolled at Ecole nationale d'administration for a Master of Public Administration and thereafter completed a program in the Foundations of American Law and Legal Education from the Georgetown University. In 2012, she completed an LLM from The George Washington University and also enrolled for a program in Policy, Law and Ethics of Exponential Technologies from Singularity University.

Career 
In 2011, Santana was appointed as the Chief of Staff and Strategic Technical Advisor at Tribunal Constitucional de la República Dominicana, where she co-led to establish the first constitutional court in the Dominican Republic. She has worked as a legal consultant at The Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD) and The World Bank. Santana co-founded Matternet, a drone delivery platform which received an FAA regulatory waiver to operate in the United States.

Santana has also worked with NASA to work on the UAS Traffic Management Software System for low-altitude airspace operations under Matternet’s partnership program. Since then she has co-led several advisory committees for drone including the Federal Drone Advisory Committee, Unmanned Aircraft Systems Advisory Group and F38 Subcommittee on Markings for Small UAS. Santana also co-drafted the public-private partnership for Hyperloop Transportation Technologies, to enable a multi-state Hyperloop system in the United States. In 2017, she founded a software company, Social Glass that builds an artificial intelligence based software to help the government with automation of processes and help in the decision making.

References

Other websites
 Matternet
 Social Glass

Business people
Lawyers
Andrew Whyment (born 2 April 1981) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Darren Sinclair-Jones in the BBC One sitcom The Royle Family and Kirk Sutherland in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street, which he has played since 2000.

References

Other websites 
 

1981 births
Living people
English child actors
English television actors
Actors from Greater Manchester
People from Salford, Greater Manchester
Gross indecency is a legal term used in some English-speaking countries. It was first used to criminalize sexual acts between men, in 1855. Oscar Wilde was charged with gross indecency, in 1895. Alan Turing also pleaded guilty to the charge of gross indecency. If two men either have oral or anal sex, this is called sodomy. It is punished differently, in places where it is a crime.

Law
Realism theory is a way of thinking about politics and world history, that focuses on being realistic. It is one of the main styles of international relations theory. It gives the theoretic background to Realpolitik statesmanship of early modern Europe. According to Realism, world politics is always and necessarily a field of conflict among actors who want power. The theories of realism are contrasted by the cooperative ideals of liberalism.

Depending on what they see as the cause of the conflict between states, realists can be divided into three classes: Classical realists believe it follows from human nature; neorealists attribute it to the dynamics of the anarchic state system; neoclassical realists believe it results from both, in combination with domestic politics. Neorealists are also divided between defensive and offensive realism. Realists trace the history of their ideas back through classical antiquity, beginning with Thucydides.

Jonathan Haslam defines realism as "a spectrum of ideas." Its theories revolve around four main rules:

 states are the central actors in international politics, rather than leaders or international organizations;
 the international political system is anarchic, as there is no supranational authority to enforce rules;
 states act in their rational self-interest within the international system; and
 states desire power to ensure self-preservation.

Realism is often associated with Realpolitik, as both deal with the pursuit, possession, and application of power. Realpolitik, however, is an older prescriptive guideline limited to policy-making, while realism is a wider theoretical and methodological paradigm to describe, explain, and predict events in international relations. As an academic pursuit, realism is not tied to ideology; it does not favor any particular moral philosophy, nor does it consider ideology to be a major factor in the behavior of nations. Priorities of realists have been described as Machiavellian, single-mindedly seeking the power of one's own nation over others.

References 

International relations
Political philosophy
Loris Zanatta (born 19 September 1962) is Professor of Latin American History at the University of Bologna (Italy).

He is author of several books and articles, published in Europe and Latin America, and commentator on Latin America in various media.

Zanatta was featured in the 2018 documentary El pueblo soy yo.

Bibliography 

 Del Estado liberal a la Nación católica. Iglesia y Ejército en los orígenes del peronismo. 1930-1943 (Buenos Aires, 1996)
 Perón y el mito de la Nación católica. 1943-1946 (Buenos Aires, 1999)
 Historia de la Iglesia argentina (Buenos Aires, 2000)
 Breve Historia del peronismo clásico (Buenos Aires, 2009)
 Eva Perón. Una biografía política (Buenos Aires, 2011)
 Historia de América Latina: de la Colonia al siglo XXI (Buenos Aires, 2012)
 La internacional justicialista (Buenos Aires, 2012)
 El populismo (Buenos Aires, 2014)
 La larga agonía de la nación católica (Buenos Aires, 2015)

Other websites
 Department of Political and Social Sciences / Università di Bologna

Italian historians
1962 births
Living people
Italian academics
Blagovest Hristov Sendov (; 8 February 1932 – 19 January 2020) was a Bulgarian diplomat, mathematician and politician. He served as the chairperson of the National Assembly from 1995 to 1997. He was also the National Assembly's deputy chairperson from 1997 to 2002. He was the Bulgarian ambassador to Japan from 2004 to 2009. He was born in Asenovgrad.

On 19 January 2020, Sendov died at the age of 87.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Ambassadors to Japan
Bulgarian politicians
Mathematicians
Cláudio Roditi (28 May 1946 – 17 January 2020) was a Brazilian jazz trumpeter. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. In 1976, he moved to New York City. Roditi was a member of Dizzy Gillespie's United Nations Orchestra. He also notably worked with Herbie Mann, Charlie Rouse and Paquito D'Rivera. He was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 1995 and 2010.

On 17 January 2020, Roditi died of prostate cancer in South Orange, New Jersey. He was 73.

References

1946 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Brazilian musicians
Cancer deaths in New Jersey
People from Rio de Janeiro
Trumpeters
Jaroslav Kubera (16 February 1947 – 20 January 2020) was a Czech politician. He was a member of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS). At the time of his death, he was the President of the Senate since November 2018. He was Senator from Teplice from 2000 until his death in 2020. He served as mayor of Teplice from 1994 to 2018.

Kubera was born in Louny. He had a small role as Edvard Beneš in historical drama movie Toman, directed by Ondřej Trojan.

Kubera died on 20 January 2020 in Ústí nad Labem. He was 72.

References

Other websites

1947 births
2020 deaths
Czech politicians
Mayors
ZAPiT Games, Inc. was a company from Mississauga, Canada. It started in 2003 to make a home video game console for families. To do that, they worked with companies such as National Semiconductor, Panasonic and Altera to make the Game Wave Family Entertainment System.

ZAPiT Games also makes games for the BlackBerry and iPhone.

Game Wave Family Entertainment System
The Game Wave Family Entertainment System is a hybrid DVD player and video game console. That means it can play both DVDs and video games. It first came out in October 2005 during the seventh generation of video game consoles. The games for the system are trivia games, video game versions of traditional board or card games.

References

Other websites
 

Video game companies of Canada
Lech Raczak (27 January 1946 – 17 January 2020) was a Polish theatre director. He was born in Krzyżanowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship, lived in  Poznań. He was one of the founders of the Theatre of the Eighth Day. From 1995 to 1998, Raczak was an artistic director of the Polish Theatre in Poznań. He also worked for Malta Festival as an artistic director between 1993 and 2012. He was a professor at University of Arts in Poznań from 2003.

Raczak died of a heart attack on 17 January 2020 at the age of 73.

References

1946 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Polish educators
People from Poznań
Polish entertainers
Lucy Fallon (born 13 November 1995) is an English actress from Cleveleys, Lancashire. She found popular success playing Bethany Platt in the ITV soap opera, Coronation Street from 2015 to 2020. The role has earned her widespread recognition and several accolades, including two British Soap Awards, an Inside Soap Award, and a National Television Award. Fallon was born in Blackpool, Lancashire, England.

Other websites 

 

1995 births
English television actors
Actors from Lancashire
People from Blackpool
Living people
Samuel Robertson (born 11 October 1985) is a Scottish actor and model. He is best known for his roles as Adam Barlow in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street and Flynn in the E4 comedy-drama series Beaver Falls. Robertson studied Drama and English at the University of Manchester, but dropped out at 18 to focus on his role of Adam Barlow in Coronation Street. In 2005 and 2006, he took part in the second to myers the third series of Sky1's The Match.

Other websites

1985 births
Living people
Scottish television actors
DirectX Raytracing (DXR) is a feature of Microsoft's DirectX that can do raytracing in real-time. It is a big development in computer graphics. It was first made to use Nvidia's Volta platform. Some of the first products for consumers that use DXR include the Nvidia GeForce 20 series of GPUs, which was announced in 2018. DXR came out as an extension to DirectX 12 instead of a new version of DirectX.

The Windows 10 October 2018 update includes the public release of DirectX Raytracing.

Technical details
DXR adds 4 main elements to the DirectX 12 API:
 An "acceleration structure", which is an object that holds what a 3D environment looks like. This allows objects that are in the scene to be quickly found by the GPU.
 A command list method called DispatchRays, which controls raytracing.
 HLSL shader types that are appropriate for raytracing.
 The Raytracing pipeline state, which is comparable to the existing Graphics and Compute pipeline states.

References

Other websites
 Microsoft developer blog on DirectX Raytracing
 DirectX Raytracing and the Windows 10 October 2018 Update
 Dev Preview of New DirectX 12 Features
 Nvidia blog about raytracing vs. rasterization

Computer graphics
Urs Egger (1955 – January 19, 2020) was a Swiss movie and television director and journalist. From 1974 to 1997, he worked for the Swiss Neue Zürcher Zeitung and the Australian Cinema Papers as a correspondent. His best known movies were Kinder der Landstrasse (1992) and Opernball (1998).

Egger died on January 19, 2020 at the age of 66.

References

Other websites

1955 births
2020 deaths
Swiss writers
Swiss journalists
Swiss movie directors
Television directors
Pramila Jayapal (; born September 21, 1965) is an American politician and activist. She is the U.S. Representative from  since 2017. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She is the first Indian-American woman to serve in the House of Representatives.

References

1965 births
Living people
United States representatives from Washington
Indian politicians
US Democratic Party politicians
Joseph Peter Pantoliano (born September 12, 1951) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in Risky Business, The Goonies, La Bamba and Midnight Run. He has also played Captain Conrad Howard in the Bad Boys trilogy and Ralph Cifaretto during seasons 3–4 of The Sopranos.

References

Emmy Award winning actors
1951 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New Jersey
People from Hoboken, New Jersey
Egil "Bud" Krogh Jr. (August 3, 1939 – January 18, 2020) was an American lawyer and Republican politician. He was born in Chicago, but raised in Seattle. During the Richard Nixon presidency, he was the United States Under Secretary of Transportation from February 1973 through May 1973. 

Krogh was a key figure of the Watergate scandal as he was the person who approved the break-ins of the Watergate complex.

Krogh died on January 18, 2020 at a Washington, D.C. hospital from heart failure at the age of 80.

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Washington, D.C.
Lawyers from Chicago
Politicians from Chicago
Politicians from Seattle, Washington
Criminals from Chicago
US Republican Party politicians
On February 3, 1959, American rock and roll musicians Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and "The Big Bopper" J. P. Richardson were killed in a plane crash near Clear Lake, Iowa, together with pilot Roger Peterson.

The event later became known as "The Day the Music Died", after singer-songwriter Don McLean called it as such in his 1971 song "American Pie".

Crash
On the night before their deaths, Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and Jiles Perry "J.P" Richardson jr. a.k.a The Big Bopper had played one of their gigs for  the 24 city Winter Dance Party Tour. They boarded a tour bus when the heating system broke down, which meant all the musicians, including Holly's band, had to board a Beechcraft Bonanza 35 plane bound for the next gig in Moorhead, Minnesota. After the time went to 1:00 a.m, pilot Roger Peterson lost control of the plane, which crashed into a cornfield, killing Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and The Big Bopper instantly, ejecting them on impact.

Other websites

 February 3, 1959 front page of the Mason City Globe-Gazette, via Newspapers.com 
 fiftiesweb.com The Day the Music Died 
 Bakotopia Magazine's 50th Anniversary memorial article
 1959: Buddy Holly killed in air crash
 Voices of Oklahoma interview with Tommy Allsup.  First person interview conducted with Tommy Allsup on September 8, 2011. Original audio and transcript archived with Voices of Oklahoma oral history project. 

1959
1950s in the United States
Ricky Thomas Ponting  (born 19 December 1974) is an Australian cricket coach, commentator and former cricketer. He is widely thought of as as one of the greatest batsmen of all time. 

Ponting captained his country between 2004 and 2011 in Tests and 2002 and 2011 in One Day Internationals (ODIs). With the Australian national team, he has won the World Cup three times, the ICC Champions Trophy twice and the Ashes once. He appeared in 168 Tests for Australia between 1995 and 2012. His first Test was against Sri Lanka and his last was against South Africa. He also played for Tasmania from 1992 to 2013.

Ponting has been assistant coach of the Australia national cricket team since February 2019.

Ponting was born in Launceston, Tasmania. He is married to Rianna Cantor. The couple have three children.

References

Other websites

1974 births
Living people
Australian cricketers
Order of Australia
People from Launceston, Tasmania
Robert Parker (October 14, 1930 – January 19, 2020) was an American R&B singer and musician. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is best known for his 1966 hit "Barefootin'". It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA. The song reached #2 on the U.S. Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart and #7 on the Billboard Hot 100. The single also charted in the United Kingdom.

On January 19, 2020, Parker died of natural causes in Roseland, Louisiana. He was 89.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
African-American singers
American R&B singers
Deaths from natural causes
Musicians from New Orleans, Louisiana
Mario Bergamaschi (7 January 1929 – 18 January 2020) was an Italian footballer. He played as a midfielder.

Bergamaschi was born in Crema, Lombardy. He played for 14 seasons in Serie A for Como (1950–1953), Milan (1953–1958) and Sampdoria (1958–1964). He also played for the Italy national team, playing his first game against Argentina in 1954.

Bergamaschi died on 18 January 2020 in Crema. He was 91.

Honours
Milan
 Serie A: 1954–55, 1956–57
 Latin Cup: 1956

Other websites

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
A.C. Milan players
Italian footballers
Sportspeople from Lombardy
Roseland is a town in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,162 at the 2000 census.

References

Towns in Louisiana
Joseph Hannesschläger (2 June 1962 – 20 January 2020) was a German actor and musician. He was born in Munich. He played the main role of Chief of Police Korbinian Hofer in Die Rosenheim-Cops from 2002 to 2019.

In October 2019, Hannesschläger was diagnosed with neuroendocrine cancer. He died from the disease in Munich on 20 January 2020 at the age of 57.

References

Other websites
 

1962 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from neuroendocrine cancer
Cancer deaths in Germany
German musicians
German movie actors
German television actors
German stage actors
German voice actors
People from Munich
Ismat Ara Sadique (12 December 1942 – 21 January 2020) was a Bangladeshi politician. She was the Minister of Ministry of Public Administration from 2014 to 2018. She was a member of Jatiya Sangsad from 2014 until 2020. She was a member of the Awami League.

Sadique died on 21 January 2020 in Dhaka at the age of 77.

References

1942 births
2020 deaths
Bangladeshi politicians
Bangladeshi Muslims
Percy Heath (April 30, 1923 – April 28, 2005) was an American jazz bassist. He was the brother of saxophonist Jimmy Heath and drummer Albert Heath, with whom he formed the Heath Brothers in 1975. 

Heath played with the Modern Jazz Quartet throughout their long history and also worked with Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Wes Montgomery, and Thelonious Monk.

Other websites
 National Endowment for the Arts - NEA Jazz Masters biography
 Brotherly Jazz: The Heath Brothers DVD Documentary

1923 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from bone cancer
Cancer deaths in New York
American jazz musicians
Musicians from North Carolina
Kenneth Earl Burrell (born July 31, 1931) is an American jazz guitarist. He is known for his work on the Blue Note label. His works with Jimmy Smith produced the 1965 Billboard Top Twenty hit album Organ Grinder Swing. 

Jimi Hendrix has said Burrell as an inspiration.

Burrell is a professor and Director of Jazz Studies at the UCLA Herb Alpert School of Music.

References

1931 births
Living people
American jazz musicians
American soul musicians
American blues musicians
American guitarists
Educators from Detroit, Michigan
Musicians from Detroit, Michigan
Curtis DuBois Fuller (December 15, 1934 – May 8, 2021) was an American jazz trombonist. He was known as a member of Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers and worked with many classic jazz recordings.

Fuller was a faculty member of the New York State Summer School of the Arts (NYSSSA) School of Jazz Studies (SJS).

Fuller died on May 8, 2021 in New York City at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
WICN Worcester Jazz & Folk Radio Interview

1934 births
2021 deaths
American composers
Educators from Detroit, Michigan
American soul musicians
American jazz musicians
American trombonists
Musicians from Detroit, Michigan
Benny Golson (born January 25, 1929) is an American bebop/hard bop jazz tenor saxophonist, composer, and arranger. He was a member of Lionel Hampton and Dizzy Gillespie led bands. Golson is known for co-founding and co-leading The Jazztet with trumpeter Art Farmer in 1959.  His best known song is "I Remember Clifford".

References

1929 births
Living people
American composers
American jazz musicians
American saxophonists
Musicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania