cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
SummerSlam (2005) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on August 21, 2005 at MCI Center in Washington, D.C.. It was the eighteenth SummerSlam event held by the WWE.

The main match for the Raw brand saw Hulk Hogan defeat Shawn Michaels. Hogan defeated Michaels by pinfall after he hit Michaels with the leg drop. The main match for the SmackDown! brand saw Batista defeat John "Bradshaw" Layfield in a No Holds Barred match to retain his World Heavyweight Championship. Batista won the match by pinfall after he performed two Batista Bombs, with the second one on the steel ring steps. Another main match for the Raw brand saw John Cena defeat Chris Jericho and retain his WWE Championship. Cena won the match by pinfall after he hit Jericho with the FU. The main match on the undercard saw Rey Mysterio defeat Eddie Guerrero in a ladder match for the custody of Mysterio's son Dominick. Mysterio won the match after he climbed a ladder and grabbed the briefcase that was hanging above the ring.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official SummerSlam 2005 website

2005 in American television
2005 in professional wrestling
SummerSlam
2000s in Washington, D.C.
The Swedish Academy for Children's Books () is a nonprofit society. It was established on 26 May 1989 at the Skärholmen Library in Stockholm in Sweden. It is based on the Swedish Academy. Its ambitions is to promote children's and youth literature.

Since 1990, the society awards the Eldsjälen Award.

References

Other websites
 official website 

1989 establishments in Sweden
Children's literature
Stockholm
The University of Copenhagen was founded in 1479. It is the oldest university and research institution in Denmark. it is the second oldest institution for higher education in Scandinavia after Uppsala University (1477). The university has 23,473 undergraduate students, 17,398 postgraduate students, 2,968 doctoral students and more than 9,000 employees. It has four campuses located in and around Copenhagen. The headquarters are located in central Copenhagen. Most courses are taught in Danish. However, many courses are also offered in English. A few are taught in German. The university has several thousands of foreign students. About half come from Nordic countries.

The university is a member of the International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU). The Academic Ranking of World Universities, compiled by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ranked the University of Copenhagen as the leading university in Scandinavia. It is ranked 39th best university in the world in 2014. It is ranked 45th in the 2014 QS World University Rankings.

References

Other websites

 University of Copenhagen Website

Copenhagen
Colleges and universities in Europe
1479 establishments
1470s establishments in Europe
Establishments in Denmark
Desert Island Discs is a biographical and factual radio programme produced by Bob Symes. It is broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in the United Kingdom. It was first broadcast on the BBC Home Service on 29 January 1942.

Each week a person (called a "castaway") is asked to choose eight pieces of music, a book and a luxury item that they would take if they were to be cast away on a desert island (an island that is not lived on by humans). They discuss their lives and the reasons for their choices.

More than 3,000 episodes have been recorded. There aren't that many castaways, though, because a few castaways have appeared more than once. Some programmes had two people as the castaway.

The programme was created by Roy Plomley. After Plomley's death in 1985, the programme was presented by Michael Parkinson. From 1988 to 2006, it was presented by Sue Lawley. Since 2006, the show has been presented by Kirsty Young. She interviewed illustrator Quentin Blake on her first show, broadcast on 1 October 2006.

The light music composition by Eric Coates called "By the Sleepy Lagoon" is the signature tune of the programme.

References

Other websites

Desert Island Discs at BBC Radio 4
Sue Arnold, "The Lagoon Show", The Observer, London, 17 March 2002

BBC radio
Radio programs
1942 establishments in Europe
1940s establishments in the United Kingdom
The Substitute is a 1996 action and crime-thriller movie. The movie is about high school gangs in an inner-city area. Ernie Hudson plays Principal Claude. Glenn Plummer plays Darrell Sherman.

The movie got mixed to negative review from critics.

Other websites
 

1990s crime drama movies
1996 thriller movies
American crime drama movies
American thriller movies
Max Lundgren, born 22 March 1937, dead 27 May 2005, was a Swedish children's books writer. His debut book, Hunden som äntligen visslade, was released in 1962. He wrote totally circa 50 books. Some of his books also TV series. Among his more famous works are Pojken med guldbyxorna and the books about fictional Swedish soccer club Åshöjdens BK.

Bibliography
 1962: Hunden som äntligen visslade
 1963: Kandidaterna
 1964: Alla barns ansikten
 1965: Gangsterboken
 1965: Äventyrets fyra färger
 1966: Omin Hambbe i Slättköping
 1967: Pojken med guldbyxorna
 1967: Åshöjdens bollklubb
 1968: Dörrarna låsta inifrån
 1968: Regnbågskriget
 1968: Åshöjden går vidare
 1969: Kris i Åshöjdens BK
 1969: Sagan om Lotta från Dösjöbro
 1969: Ole kallar mej Lise
 1970: Mats farfar
 1971: Sommarflickan
 1971: Åshöjden i kvalet
 1972: Snapphanepojken
 1972: IFK Trumslagaren
 1973: IFK Trumslagaren och Lillis
 1975: IFK Trumslagaren och Chris
 1976: Myrorna
 1978: Ännu minns jag Birthe
 1978: Boken om Birthe
 1978: Lättsinniga berättelser och andra noveller
 1979: IFK Trumslagaren och Lasse
 1979: Våning för fyra
 1980: Matchens hjälte
 1980: Inga Eliasson, affärsbiträde
 1981: IFK Trumslagaren och Jack
 1982: Mitt livs äventyr
 1982: Benny, boxaren
 1982: Hela gänget
 1983: Torsten och Greta
 1984: Benny Boxaren och kärleken
 1985: Max Lundgrens Åshöjdens BK
 1986: Samlade diktförsök
 1987: Djävulens kontrakt
 1987: Benny Boxaren nere för räkning
 1988: Töser!
 1988: På äventyr med Gula hissen
 1989: BK Framåt
 1990: Roseli, älskade Rosa
 1990: Kåsebergaskräcken
 1991: En kort tid av lycka
 1991: Benny Boxaren i Amerika
 1992: Åshöjdens BK
 1992: Drömmen om Mallorca och andra berättelser
 1994: Eriksfält leder med 1-0
 1996: 21 nästan sanna berättelser
 1997: Råttan
 1997: Benny, mästaren
 1999: Dubbelspel
 2003: Lina, Gulan och kärleken
 2004: De magiska handskarna

Awards
 1967: Expressens Heffaklump
 1968: Nils Holgersson Plaque
 1983: 91:an-stipendiet
 1987: ABF:s litteraturpris
 1991: Astrid Lindgren-priset

References

Other websites
 

1937 births
2005 deaths
Swedish writers
Yao Beina (born 姚贝娜; 26 September 1981 – 16 January 2015) was a Chinese singer and actress. She was born in Wuhan, Hubei. She sang "Let It Go" for the Chinese version of Frozen. She was known for her song "The Painted 2" and "Life in the River"

Beina died of breast cancer in Shenzhen, Guangdong, aged 33.

References

1981 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
Chinese singers
Chinese movie actors
Sir Ian Charles Athfield (15 July 1940 – 16 January 2015) was a New Zealand architect. He was born in Christchurch. In 1963, he joined Structon Group Architects, and he became a partner in 1965. In 1968 he was a principal partner in setting up Athfield Architects with Ian Dickson and Graeme John Boucher (Manson).

Other websites
Athfield Architects
Documentary of Ian Athfield on NZ On Screen. Made in 1977 after winning International competition to design housing in Manila
The Wellingtonian interview: Ian Athfield, 25 June 2009

1940 births
2015 deaths
Architects
People from Christchurch
Jean-Claude Baker (born Jean-Claude Julien Léon Tronville, April 18, 1943 – January 15, 2015) was a French-American restaurateur. He was born in Dijon, France.

He met U.S.-born French entertainer Josephine Baker while he was working as a bellhop in Paris at the age of fourteen in 1958. He became the last of twelve children adopted into Baker's Rainbow Family. In 1994 he co-authored a biography of Josephine Baker, Josephine: The Hungry Heart, described as a "shocking look into the star's seriously whitewashed past".

Baker was found dead at his home in East Hampton, New York on January 15, 2015, of an apparent suicide.  He was 71.

References

1943 births
2015 deaths
Businesspeople from New York
French businesspeople
People from Dijon
Suicides in the United States
SummerSlam (2004) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on August 15, 2004 at Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario. It was the seventeenth SummerSlam event held by the WWE.

The main match for the Raw brand saw Randy Orton defeat Chris Benoit to win the World Heavyweight Championship. Orton won the match by pinfall after he performed an RKO on Benoit. By winning the championship, Orton became the youngest World Heavyweight Champion in WWE history. The main match for the SmackDown! brand was a match between John "Bradshaw" Layfield and The Undertaker for the WWE Championship. JBL won the match by disqualification after The Undertaker hit him with the championship.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official SummerSlam 2004 website

2004 in professional wrestling
Sport in Toronto
SummerSlam
2004 in Canada
21st century in Toronto
Robert Gover (November 2, 1929 – January 12, 2015) was an American journalist. He became a best-selling novelist at age 30. He was known for his books One Hundred Dollar Misunderstanding and Time and Money.

References

1929 births
2015 deaths
American journalists
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
James Naanman Daman (April 10, 1956 – January 12, 2015) was a Nigerian Roman Catholic bishop. He was Ordained to the priesthood in 1982. Daman was named bishop of the Diocese of Jalingo, Nigeria, in 2000. He was named the first bishop of the Diocese of Shendam in 2007.

Daman died on January 12, 2015 at the age of 58 in Jalingo.

References

1956 births
2015 deaths
Nigerian people
Roman Catholics
Frank Glazer (February 19, 1915 – January 13, 2015) was an American pianist, composer and professor of music. In 1939 Glazer performed with the Boston Symphony Orchestra under Sergei Koussevitzky. Glazer served in the US Army as an interpreter from 1943 to 1945 in Germany and France. In 1980 Glazer left Eastman and became artist in residence at Bates College in Maine. In the 1960s he recorded the complete piano music of Erik Satie for the Vox label.

Glazer died in New York City, aged 99.

References

1915 births
2015 deaths
American pianists
Educators from Wisconsin
American composers
Musicians from Wisconsin
Jerome Richard "Dick, Jerry" Dempsey (April 21, 1933 – January 14, 2015) was an American businessman, educator, and politician.

Dempsey was born in Henderson, Minnesota. Dempsey served in the United States Army from 1955 to 1957. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of St. Thomas. Dempsey was also in the banking business. From 1993 until 2006, Dempsey served in the Minnesota House of Representatives. He was a Republican. His brother Terry Dempsey also served in the Minnesota Legislature.

Dempsey died in Hastings, Minnesota where he had lived since 1960.

References

1933 births
2015 deaths
Educators from Minnesota
Businesspeople from Minnesota
Politicians from Minnesota
US Republican Party politicians
Rimma Vasilievna Markova (; 3 March 1925 – 15 January 2015) was a Russian movie actress. She began acting in 1951. She was named a People's Artist of Russia in 1994. Her younger brother Leonid Markov was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1985. She was best known her her roles in the movies The Alive and the Dead (1964), The Pokrovsky Gate (1982), The Outskirts (1998), Night Watch (2004), Day Watch (2006), The Best Movie (2008), and Burnt by the Sun 2 (2010).

Markova was born in the Samara Oblast.

Markova died on 16 January 2015 in Moscow, aged 89.

References

Other websites

 

1925 births
2015 deaths
Russian movie actors
Russian stage actors
Russian television actors
Ethel Lang (née Lancaster; 27 May 1900 – 15 January 2015) was a British supercentenarian and, at the time of her death, the oldest living person in the United Kingdom (after the death of Grace Jones on 14 November 2013), the ninth oldest living person in the world and the second-oldest living person in Europe after Emma Morano.

Lang was born in Worsbrough, near Barnsley, to Charles and Sarah Lancaster. She left school at the age of 13 to work in a shirt factory. She married William Lang in 1922 and their daughter Margaret was born in 1923. Lang's mother lived to the age of 91, and her great-grandmother to the age of 92.

Lang was the last living British person to have been born during the reign of Queen Victoria.

References

1900 births
2015 deaths
British supercentenarians
People from Yorkshire
Joseph Mukasa Zuza (2 October 1945 – 15 January 2015) was a Malawian Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest on 2 July 1986. He was appointed the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mzuzu on 3 March 1995.

References

1945 births
2015 deaths
Malawian people
Roman Catholic bishops
Emma Morano-Martinuzzi (29 November 1899 – 15 April 2017) was an Italian supercentenarian. At the age of 117, she was the oldest living person in the world from 13 May 2016 until her death on 15 April 2017. She was the 5th oldest person in history at her death. She is the oldest person from Italy or ever lived in Italy and the second oldest European person ever, after Jeanne Calment.

Biography
She was born on 29 November 1899 in Civiasco (Province of Vercelli) in the region of Piedmont to Giovanni Morano and Matilde Bresciani, the eldest of eight children, five daughters and three sons. In October 1926, she married Giovanni Martinuzzi (1901-1978) and in 1937 her only child was born; Unfortunately he died when he was only six months old. The marriage was not happy so in 1938 Morano decided to separate from her husband. On her 115th birthday, Morano was still living alone in her home.

Morano died of heart disease, at her home in Pallanza, Italy, on 15 April 2017, at the age of 117 years and 137 days.

References

1899 births
2017 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Italy
People from Piedmont
Supercentenarians
There are 3 arrondissements in the Allier department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs).  The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

The arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of the Allier department are:

History
Since its creation, the Allier department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the Allier department with seven districts: Cérilly, Moulins, Le Donjon, Cusset, Gannat, Montmarault and Montluçon; Moulins was the capital.
 1800 : the seven districts were changed into four arrondissements: Moulins, Gannat, Lapalisse and Montluçon.
 1926 : the arrondissement of Gannat was eliminated.
 1942 : the capital of the arrondissement of Lapalisse was moved to Vichy, then capital of the French State; because of this change, the arrondissement changed its name to arrondissement of Vichy.

Related pages
Arrondissement of Montluçon
Arrondissement of Moulins
Arrondissement of Vichy
List of arrondissements of France

References

Allier
Pamela Isabel Cundell (born 15 January 1920  – 14 February 2015) was an English character actress. Her best-known role was as Mrs Fox in the long-running TV comedy Dad's Army. She was born in Croydon, Surrey.

References

Other websites
 
 Dad's Army Appreciation Society website

1920 births
2015 deaths
English movie actors
English television actors
Actors from Surrey
Reagan coalition is a phrase that describes a kind of politician in the United States. Reagan coalitionists are Republicans who believe in the same ideas that President of the United States Ronald Reagan had. They are often from very conservative states. The term began during the Reagan Era when Reagan won his major landslide election in 1980 and in 1984.

United States Republican Party
Ronald Reagan
Barbara Cook (October 25, 1927 – August 8, 2017) was an American singer and actress. She became known during the 1950s after starring in the original Broadway musicals Plain and Fancy (1955), Candide (1956) and The Music Man (1957) among others, winning a Tony Award for the last.

Cook died from respiratory failure on August 8, 2017 in New York City at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
 The Official Barbara Cook Online Resource
 
 
 Barbara Cook  - Downstage Center interview at American Theatre Wing.org
 TonyAwards.com Interview with Barbara Cook 
 Barbara Cook  Rehearsal with James Taylor at Carnegie Hall.

Tony Award winning actors
1927 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in New York City
American pop singers
American stage actors
Singers from Atlanta, Georgia
Actors from Atlanta, Georgia
Mildred Miller (born December 16, 1924 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American classical mezzo-soprano. He had a major career performing in operas, concerts, and recitals during the mid twentieth century. She was known as a principal artist at the Metropolitan Opera from 1951 through 1974. 

In 1978 she founded the Opera Theater of Pittsburgh, serving as the company's Artistic Director through 1999.

Other websites
Biography of Mildred Miller at Lakewood Public Library Online 
Rome News-Tribune, 1965
Metropolitan Opera Archives
Flying Without a Safety Net: The 80 Years of Mildred Miller Posvar, Pitt Chronicle, December 13, 2004 

1924 births
Living people
Singers from Cleveland, Ohio
Jonathan Stewart Vickers, (October 29, 1926 – July 10, 2015), known professionally as Jon Vickers, was a Canadian heldentenor. In 1957 Vickers joined London’s Royal Opera House, Covent Garden company. In 1960 he joined the Metropolitan Opera. He became world famous for a wide range of German, French and Italian roles.

Other websites
 The Essential Jon Vickers.
Interview with Jon Vickers by Bruce Duffie (originally published 1981 in Wagner News, the newsletter of the Wagner Society of America)
 Jon Vickers at IMDB

1926 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Canadian singers
People from Saskatchewan
Echo and the Bunnymen is an English alternative rock band formed in Liverpool in 1978.

Discography
Studio albums
 Crocodiles (1980)
 Heaven Up Here (1981)
 Porcupine (1983)
 Ocean Rain (1984)
 Echo and the Bunnymen (1987)
 Reverberation (1990)
 Evergreen (1997)
 Flowers (2001)
 Siberia (2005)
 The Fountain (2009)
 Metorites (2014)

1978 establishments in the United Kingdom
Musical groups disestablished in 1993
Musical groups established in 1978
1993 disestablishments in England
1996 establishments in England
Musical groups established in 1996
1970s establishments in England
Warner Bros. Records artists
Andrew Chan (12 January 1984 – 29 April 2015) was an Australian citizen convicted and executed in Indonesia for drug smuggling.

Chan was born in Sydney, New South Wales on 12 January 1984. He was the son of Cantonese-speaking Chinese immigrants. He was convicted in Indonesia for drug trafficking as a member of the Bali Nine. In 2005, he was arrested at Ngurah Rai International Airport in Denpasar, Bali. Chan and Myuran Sukumaran were believed to have arranged the heroin smuggling operation. After a criminal trial on 14 February 2006, Chan was sentenced to execution by firing squad. While in prison, Chan converted to Christianity.
On 16 January 2015, Chan and Sukumaran were ordered to be executed after nine years in jail. On 6 February 2015, the government said that this would take place at the end of the month.

On 11 February 2015 the government said that Chan and Sukumaran would be moved from Kerobokan prison to Nusakambangan Island where the execution would take place. On 24 February 2015 their lawyers challenged Indonesian President Joko Widodo's refusal to grant clemency. This legal challenge failed. The prisoners were moved to Nusakambangan Island on 4 March. On 6 April 2015, Chan and Sukumaran's lawyers went to the state administrative court in a last try to stop the executions; this was unsuccessful. On 24 April 2015, the government ordered the final preparations for the execution of Chan and Sukumaran, as well as eight others on death row. The pair, along with seven other death row inmates, were given a 72-hour notice of their executions on 25 April (ANZAC Day).

On 27 April 2015, Chan married his Indonesian fiancee Febyanti Herewila.

He was executed by firing squad on 29 April 2015. On 2 May 2015, the bodies of Chan and Sukumaran arrived back in Sydney along with the Sukumaran family and Chan's widow Febyanti Herewila, while the rest of Chan's family arrived back a day earlier.

References

1984 births
2015 deaths
Australian Christians
Australian criminals
Australian drug dealers
Australian prisoners
People executed by firearm
Myuran Sukumaran (; 17 April 1981 – 29 April 2015) was an Australian citizen who was executed in Indonesia for drug trafficking as a member of the Bali Nine. He was born in London, England. His parents were Sri Lankan immigrants. He moved to Australia at a young age.

In 2005, Sukumaran was arrested at Ngurah Rai International Airport in Denpasar, Bali. Sukumaran and Andrew Chan were the apparent co-ringleaders of the heroin smuggling operation. After a criminal trial on 14 February 2006, Sukumaran was sentenced to execution by firing squad.

On 30 December 2014, Sukumaran's request for clemency was rejected by the President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo. Sukumaran and Chan were in prison at Nusakambangan Island in isolation cells. On 16 January 2015, Sukumaran and Chan were ordered to be executed after nine years in jail. On 6 February 2015, it was stated that Chan and Sukumaran would be executed by the end of the month. On 11 February 2015, Indonesian authorities approved the move of Chan and Sukumaran from Kerobokan prison to Nusakambangan Island in preparation for execution. On 24 February 2015, a final appeal to save Chan and Sukumaran from execution, with their lawyers appeal bid to challenge President Widodo's refusal to grant clemency, failed.  The move from Kerobokan prison to Nusakambangan Island was on 4 March. On 6 April 2015, Chan and Sukumaran's lawyers faced the state administrative court to challenge President Joko Widodo's refusal to grant clemency, in a final attempt to stop the executions. This was also unsuccessful. On 24 April 2015, prosecutors ordered the final preparations for the execution of Chan and Sukumaran, as well as eight others on death row. On 25 April (ANZAC Day), the pair, along with 7 other death row prisoners, were given a 72-hour notice of their executions.

Sukumaran was executed by firing squad on 29 April 2015 along with Chan as well as Nigerians Raheem Agbaje Salami, Okwuduli Oyatanze, Sylvester Obiekwe Nwolise, Ghanaian Martin Anderson, Brazilian Rodrigo Gularte and Indonesian Zainal Abidin.

Sukumaran's funeral was conducted at Dayspring Church, Castle Hill on 9 May 2015.

References

1981 births
2015 deaths
Artists from New South Wales
Australian criminals
Australian drug dealers
Australian painters
Australian prisoners
Criminals from London
Executed people
Martial artists
People executed by firearm
People from Sydney
Triunfo del amor (Triumph of Love) is a Mexican telenovela. It aired from October 25, 2010 to June 26, 2011. It is produced by Televisa.

References

Other websites 
 Official website  

2010 television series debuts
Telenovelas
Mexican television series
2010s establishments in Mexico
The November Storm of 1995 () was a snowstorm. It originated from the North Sea in mid-November 1995. It begun on Thursday 16 November 1995. The storm culminated on Friday morning, 17 November 1995. The storm stroke towards. the southern and western parts of Sweden. Traffic was heavily affected.

Deep snow
Several November records for deep snow were broken. Measuring started in 1995.

References

Other websites
Göteborgsposten images

1995
1990s in Sweden
Severe weather
November events
The Stone of Scone, also known as the Stone of Destiny, and the Coronation Stone, is a stone used in the coronation ceremonies of England and Scotland. It is an oblong shaped block of red sandstone. It was kept at the now-ruined Scone Abbey in Scone, near Perth, Scotland. Its size is about  by  by  and weighs about . The Stone of Scone was last used in 1953 for the coronation of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Monarchy
United Kingdom
Scotland
SummerSlam (2002) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on August 25, 2002 at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale, New York. It was the fifteenth SummerSlam event held by the WWE.

The main match for the SmackDown! brand saw Brock Lesnar defeat The Rock to win the WWE Undisputed Championship. Lesnar won the match by pinfall after he hit The Rock with the F-5. The main match for the Raw brand saw Shawn Michaels defeat Triple H in an Unsanctioned Street Fight. Michaels won the match by pinfall after he reversed Triple H's pedigree attempt into a jackknife roll-up. The main match which was featured from both brands was an interpromotional match between Rob Van Dam and Chris Benoit for the WWE Intercontinental Championship. RVD won the match by pinfall after he hit the Five-Star Frog Splash on Benoit. By winning, RVD was able to win the championship.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official SummerSlam 2002 website

2002 in American television
2002 in professional wrestling
Sports in New York City
SummerSlam
2000s in New York (state)
The Streisand effect is the name for a phenomenon: When an attempt is made to remove a piece of information (because it is not meant for the specific audience), it gets much more publicity than intended, and becomes known more widely. The effect is named after Barbara Streisand; Streisand made an attempt to get a photo of her house removed from a collection of thousands of photos of Malibu, California in 2003. 

Media
An arcsecond (second of arc), represented by the symbol , is a unit of angle used in mathematics and astronomy. An arcsecond is 1/60th of an arcminute (minute of arc), which in turn is 1/60th of a degree. Therefore, an arcsecond is equal to 1/3600th of a degree, meaning that there are 360 × 60 × 60 = 1,296,000 arcseconds in a full circle.

Related pages 

 Radian

References 

Angles
David Oppegaard (born in Lake Crystal, Minnesota) is an American novelist.

In 2008, Oppegaard wrote The Suicide Collectors. It was his first novel. He was nominated for the Bram Stoker Award for Best First Novel by the Horror Writers Association. One year later, he published his second work, Woormwood, Nevada.

Biography 
Oppegaard attended Saint Olaf College, Northfield and Hamline University, Saint Paul. Both are in Minnesota. He has a Bachelor of Arts degree from Saint Olaf. He has a Master of Fine Arts degree from Hamline.

Bibliography 
 2008 The Suicide Collectors
 2009 Woormwood, Nevada
 2012 The Ragged Mountains
 2014 And the Hills Opened Up
 2015 The Firebug of Balrog County

References

Other websites
David Oppegaard's website 

American novelists
Writers from Minnesota
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
A simple sentence (sometimes called an independent clause) is a sentence that contains a subject and a predicate (a verb). It also must express a complete thought. This follows the rules of syntax in English grammar.

Length 
A simple sentence is not defined by how short it is. A simple sentences is often short and uncomplicated. But it is not limited by the number of words used to express the thought. For example:

 "Bill reads". This is a simple sentence. "Bill" is the subject and "reads" is the action (verb).
 "Being an English teacher with a penchant for syntactical complexity, I love to read simple sentences upon getting up and before going to bed." This is still a simple sentence even though it uses more words.

Simple or dependent? 
A simple sentence or independent clause is one that has a meaning to a reader or listener. If the sentence does not complete the thought, it may be a dependent clause. A dependent clause is one that does not express a complete thought. By itself it is a sentence fragment. It may look like a simple sentence, but it will not make sense on its own. 

 "Bill reads". Again, a simple sentence. Bill (a noun for a subject) reads (the action that completes the thought). 
 "Because Bill wants to learn more." What happens because Bill wants to learn more? We do not know, so that is not a sentence. It is a dependent clause.

Related pages 
 Sentence
 English grammar
 Compound sentence
 Complex sentence

References

Other websites 
 Sentences: Simple, Compound, and Complex

English language
Sentences
Ashanti, or Asante, are a nation and the largest subgroup of the Akan people. They live mostly in Ghana and Ivory Coast. They speak the Akan language and the Asante dialect, and are of Akan origin.

Before European colonization, the Ashanti people developed a large and influential empire in West Africa. The Ashanti later developed the powerful Ashanti Confederacy or 'Asanteman'. They were the dominant presence in the region. The Asantehene is the political and spiritual head of the Asantes.

Ethnic groups in Africa
Foreign Correspondent is a 1940 American spy movie. This movie is about a reporter who tries to expose enemy spies in Britain. Joel McCrea plays Johnny Jones. Laraine Day plays Carol. 

Alfred Hitchcock directed the movie.

This movie was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture. It did not win any.

Other websites
 
 
 

1940s thriller movies
Spy movies
1940 movies
American thriller movies
Movies directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Stuart Hugh Loory (May 22, 1932 – January 16, 2015) was an American journalist and educator. He was born in Wilson, Pennsylvania.

In 1980, he joined the staff of Turner Broadcasting Systems' Cable News Network (as managing editor of  the Washington bureau, 1980–82; Moscow bureau chief, 1983–86; senior correspondent, 1986; executive producer, 1987–90; editor-in-chief of CNN World Report, 1990–91; vice-president of CNN, 1990–95; executive vice-president, Turner International Broadcasting, Russia, 1993–97).

Loory died of lung cancer in Brooklyn, New York on January 16, 2015, aged 82.

References

Other websites
Stuart Loory page  via University of Missouri
Stuart H. Loory biography via Reporting Civil Rights

1932 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
American journalists
Educators from Pennsylvania
Writers from Pennsylvania
Dorothy Anne Todd (24 January 1909 – 6 May 1993) was an English producer and actress. In the movie Perfect Strangers, she played a nurse. She played Kay in Ships with Wings.

Todd was born in Hartford, Cheshire, England. She died of a stroke in London at age eighty four.

Other websites
 

Actors from Cheshire
Cardiovascular disease deaths in England
Deaths from stroke
English movie actors
English television actors
1909 births
1993 deaths
Dial M for Murder is an American 1954 crime drama movie. It was directed by Alfred Hitchcock. The movie is about a plot to murder. Grace Kelly plays Margot. Ray Milland plays Tony.

The movie performed very well at the box office.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 

Thriller movies
1950s drama movies
1950s crime movies
1954 movies
Movies directed by Alfred Hitchcock
The Haunting is a 1963 British horror movie. It is based on novel The Haunting of Hill House The movie is about a small group of people who come to a haunted house that comes to life. Julie Harris plays Eleanor. Claire Bloom plays Theodora. Richard Johnson plays Dr. Markway. It was released on 16 September 1963.

This movie was remade in 1999. Many critics did not like the remake.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1963 movies
1960s horror movies
British horror movies
English-language movies
Haunted house movies
Movies based on books
Supernatural movies
MGM movies
Movies directed by Robert Wise
Thomas F. Kinslow (January 12, 1866 – February 22, 1901) was a professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1886 until 1898. He played the position catcher.  He played for eight teams in his ten-season career. He played four of his eight seasons with the Brooklyn Bridegrooms. During his playing days, his height was listed at , his weight was . He batted and threw right-handed, and had blonde hair.

Early life
Thomas Kinslow was born on January 12, 1866 in Washington, D.C.. His father, Michael worked as a laborer and an ice dealer. His father later worked in the oyster business. He began playing baseball around the neighborhood on a team known as the "Quicks". Kinslow also played with a team called the Falcons.

Baseball career

Early career
Kinslow made his MLB debut with the Washington Nationals on June 4, 1886 as their starting catcher. He injured his finger in the third inning trying to catch a bad pitch thrown by Bob Barr, and had to leave the game. On June 15, he was again injured by a Barr pitch, and forced to leave the game with a dislocated finger. He played in three games for the Nationals in 1886, collecting two hits in eight at bats.

Brooklyn
Kinslow played the next two seasons for the Tecumsehs, and had a batting average of .200 in 1888. In 1889, he improved is batting average to .343. In 1890, he signed with Ward's Wonders of Brooklyn. During the season, he had a batting average of .264, and caught 64 games. On June 28, he hit the first home run of his career in a game against Henry Gruber. Later, on July 11, he hit two home runs in the same game off of George Keefe.

References

1866 births
1901 deaths
19th century baseball players
West Side Story is a 1961 American romantic crime drama musical. It is an adaptation of the 1957 Broadway musical play of the same name. Natalie Wood plays Maria. Rita Moreno plays Anita. Robert Wise directed the movie. It is based on the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. 

This movie won Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Sound and Best Director. It also won many other awards.

 

1960s crime drama movies
1961 crime movies
1961 drama movies
1961 romance movies
American crime drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Best Picture Oscar
Movies set in New York City 
Movies directed by Robert Wise
Robert Arbuckle Berner (November 25, 1935 – January 10, 2015) was an American scientist and educator. He was known for his work to the modeling of the carbon cycle. He taught geology and geophysics from 1965 to 2007 at Yale University.

Berner was born in Erie, Pennsylvania. He married Elizabeth Marshall Kay in 1959 and had three children.

Berner died after a long illness on January 10, 2015 in New Haven, Connecticut. He was 79.

References

1935 births
2015 deaths
Educators from Pennsylvania
American geologists
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Harvard University alumni
People from Erie, Pennsylvania
Scientists from Pennsylvania
Inge Joanna Francisca Vermeulen (6 January 1985 – 10 January 2015) was a Brazilian-Dutch field hockey player. She played as a goalkeeper for three teams and two international teams: Brazil and the Netherlands.

Vermeulen was born in Americana, São Paulo and moved to the Netherlands at a young age.

Vermeulen committed suicide (killed herself) on 10 January 2015 in Utrecht. She was 30.

References

1985 births
2015 deaths
Brazilian sportspeople
Dutch sportspeople
Field hockey players
People who committed suicide
Natalino Pescarolo (March 26, 1929 – January 4, 2015) was the Roman Catholic bishop.

He was ordained to the priesthood on June 29, 1952. Pescarolo was named auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cuneo in 1990. In 1992, he was appointed bishop of Fossano and in 1999, he was also appointed bishop of Cuneo. He retired in 2005.

References

1929 births
2015 deaths
Italian Roman Catholics
Indio is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. It is in the Coachella Valley of Southern California's Colorado Desert region. The population was 76,036 at the 2010 United States Census.

Cities in California
Settlements in Riverside County, California
The Family is a 2013 American-French criminal comedy movie. It is set in Normandy and was directed by Luc Besson. It stars Robert De Niro, Michelle Pfeiffer, Tommy Lee Jones, Vincent Pastore, Dianna Agron, and John D'Leo. It was released to mostly positive reviews on 13 September 2013 in the United States and 23 October 2013 in France.

2013 comedy movies
2013 crime movies
2010s criminal comedy movies
American criminal comedy movies
English-language movies
<---French comedy movies--->
French crime movies
French-language movies
Movies about murderers
Movies set in France
Normandy
Movies directed by Luc Besson
Where the Red Fern Grows is a 1961 novel by American author Wilson Rawls. It is about the friendship between a boy and two Redbone Coonhound hunting dogs.

Plot
This story takes place on a farm near the Ozark mountain range. The narrator, Billy Coleman, saves a Redbone Coonhound from a dog fight. He helps it recover from its wounds. He sets it free. He remembers his past. He then tells the story of how he had owned two Redbone Coonhounds when he was a boy.

As a little boy, Billy had always wanted puppies since he was ten years old. His parents tell him they don't have enough money for puppies. He decides to earn the money himself. For two years, he works many different jobs. He saves $50. His grandfather helps him order two Redbone Coonhounds. The mail does not deliver the puppies, so Billy goes to get them. He walks to Tahlequah, Oklahoma. He sees how different the city life is from his country life at home. He buys gifts for his family there. He picks up his puppies. On the way back home, he sleeps in a cave on a mountain. He hears the roar of a mountain lion. The puppies answer the roar with their howls. They scare off the lion. The next morning, Billy and the dogs return home. On the way, he sees  a sycamore tree with the names Dan and Ann on it. He decides to name the puppies Old Dan and Little Ann.

Billy trains his dogs to become hunting dogs. They often mess up. Billy does not give up and continues to encourage them. He soon makes a strong loving bond with his dogs. In the end, Billy's dogs grow ill and weak and later die. He buries them on his family's farm to remember them. Soon, Billy sees a red fern growing over his dogs' graves. He sees the red fern as a symbol of the love that kept him and his dogs together.

References

Other websites
 SparkNotes: Where the Red Fern Grows

1961 books
Children's books
American novels
Sui iuris is a Latin phrase that is used in law. Sometimes, the phrase is also spelled sui juris. It literally means of its own right. It is used to say that the legal status of an institution or entity is not comparable to anything else, and there are special laws that say how this institution or entity should work. An example use is in Canon law: The Roman Catholic church say that certain churches are sui iuris. That way the Eastern Catholic churches have their own government, and laws. Despite this, these churches still recognize the Pope of Rome as their spiritual leader.

"The Eastern Catholic Churches are not 'experimental' or 'provisional' communities; these are sui iuris Churches; One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic, with the firm canonical base of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated by Pope John Paul II." 

In Roman law, the phrase is used for someone who was independent, and that could become pater familias.

References

Law
Parity of zero is the question whether the number zero is even or odd. General consensus is that the number is even. Even numbers are defined to be integer multiples of two. That way, the numbers two, four and six are even, because they are one times two, two times two, and three times two. With that explanation, zero is also even, because it is zero times two. 

Another explanation is from number theory: The integers are arranged in such a way that even numbers are followed by odd ones, and odd ones by even ones. Zero is preceded by minus one, and followed by one. Both numbers are odd. So it must be even.

There is also a problem: The term "even" meaning "integer multiple of two" is a convention; people agreed on it. It is not a formal definition. Another case where people used a convention they agreed on was that of prime number: Before the 20th century, there were many inconsistent definitions of prime: Mathematicians such as Goldbach, Lambert, Legendre, Cayley, and Kronecker wrote that 1 was prime. The modern definition of "prime number" is "positive integer with exactly 2 factors", so 1 is not prime. This definition is rational: it naturally suits mathematical theorems that concern the primes. For example, the fundamental theorem of arithmetic is easier to state when 1 is not considered prime

It would be possible to redefine "even" in a way that no longer includes zero. However, in this case, the new definition would make it more difficult to state theorems concerning the even numbers. Already the effect can be seen in the algebraic rules governing even and odd numbers. The most relevant rules concern addition, subtraction, and multiplication:
even ± even = even
odd ± odd = even
even × integer = even
Inserting appropriate values into the left sides of these rules, one can produce 0 on the right sides:
2 − 2 = 0
−3 + 3 = 0
4 × 0 = 0

The above rules would therefore be incorrect if zero were not even. At best they would have to be modified. For example, one test study guide asserts that even numbers are characterized as integer multiples of two, but zero is "neither even nor odd". Accordingly, the guide's rules for even and odd numbers contain exceptions:
even ± even = even (or zero)
odd ± odd = even (or zero)
even × nonzero integer = even

Making an exception for zero in the definition of evenness forces one to make such exceptions in the rules for even numbers. From another perspective, taking the rules obeyed by positive even numbers and requiring that they continue to hold for integers forces the usual definition and the evenness of zero.

References

Bibliography

Number theory
White's illusion is a brightness illusion. Here, some stripes of a black and white grating are replaced by gray rectangles (see Fig). All gray bars usually have same color and opacity. The brightness of the gray pieces appear to shift toward the brightness of the top and bottom bordering stripes, that is, the gray bars with horizontal black regions on their top and bottom appear darker and those with white regions on their top and bottom appear lighter. But this does not match with what lateral inhibition predicts. This illusion is mostly described for grayscale. A similar illusion occurs for colored patches. This is known as Munker-White's illusion or Munker's illusion.

Lateral inhibition result for White's effect
The amount of each bipolar cell response depends on the amount of the stimulation it receives from the receptor. Neighboring cells decrease this response. This is called lateral inhibition.

Lateral inhibition cannot explain White's illusion. In Figure 2.1 lateral inhibition sent by black cells A and C should make cell O lighter; in Figure 2.2 lateral inhibition sent by white cells A and C should make cell O darker.

Rules suggested to describe optical illusions such as simultaneous brightness contrast illusion, such as Wallach's ratio rule cannot explain White's illusion. These rules suggest that cell O in figure 2.1 receives less inhibition that cell O in figure 2.2. So, the cell O in figure 2.1 should be lighter than cell O in the other figure. However, the opposite case happens. 
White and White (1985) concluded that at a higher spatial frequency the grating of White's illusion could be described by brightness assimilation. They also concluded that at lower spatial frequencies White's illusion is still present.

Belongingness

The belongingness theory has been given as an explanation of White's illusion. Belongingness means that we perceive things depending on its surroundings. According to belongingness theory, the lightness of rectangle A is influenced by the white bars that surround it. Similarly, the rectangle B on the right side is surrounded by the dark bars. So, the lightness of rectangle B is affected by the dark background. As a result, area A which rests on the white background appears darker than area B which rests on the dark background.

Not all scientists accept the belongingness theory. They say that when talking about the background, it is the same as lateral inhibition.

References

Illusions
Raif Badawi (Arabic: رائف بدوي‎; born 13 January 1984) is a Saudi Arabian writer and activist. He started the website Free Saudi Liberals in 2008. He was arrested in 2012 because of the website. The website was then taken off the internet. Badawi was sentenced to 10 years in prison and 1000 lashes. Badawi has also been banned from any media work or foreign travel for 10 years after his release from prison. Badawi's first 50 lashes were given on January 9, 2015. After that, Badawi's lashes were postponed many times.  In June 2015, a Saudi high court ruled that Badawi should be lashed but the lashing was postponed hours before it was going to happen. 
Badawi's wife called Ensaf Haidar believes he is weak in body and suffering mentally.  She fears this may be a slow death sentence.

Badawi's sister Samar Badawi is also an activist. Her husband Waleed Abul-Khair is Raif's lawyer. He was sentenced to 15 years in prison in July 2014. Samar is working to get both her brother and husband released from prison.

References

1984 births
Living people
Saudi Arabian people
Sweden–Finland (, ) is a historiographical term. It refers to the Kingdom of Sweden from the days of the Kalmar Union in the late 14th century up to the Napoleonic Wars in to the early 19th century. In 1809 it was split into two halves. The eastern half became the Grand Duchy of Finland in personal union with the Russian Empire. The western half remained as the Kingdom of Sweden.

References

History of Finland
History of Sweden
Adventure fiction is a type of fiction in which an adventure forms the main storyline. The adventure is usually an exciting undertaking involving risk and physical danger. Author Malins describes adventure fiction as the story "of the hero—individual or group—overcoming obstacles and dangers and accomplishing some important and moral mission." The characters in an adventure fiction are highly sympathetic. They are also ones the reader can easily relate to. There has to be a conflict to overcome and a clever villain to stop.

The hero 
A key part of many adventure fictions is the hero. In most stories the hero has to succeed. At the same time the hero may be the least interesting character in the story. The hero is often timid, submissive and easily pushed around. The hero may be a superhero, a spy, a detective or even an antihero. But the hero manages to meet the challenge. All great adventure heroes seem to find the ability to beat their enemies or win over hostile environments.

Sometimes the villain wins. In Edgar Allan Poe's story The Cask of Amontillado, the villain is the narrator of the story. Sometimes the villain wins only to be confronted again in a sequel.

The genre 
In many adventure fictions, the adventure takes place in foreign lands or exotic places. One of the earliest adventure fiction writers was Daniel Defoe. His stories of Robinson Crusoe and Captain Singleton helped set the standards for the adventure fiction genre. Another British author Sir Walter Scott built on the formula. He combined history with adventure fiction. His historical romance novels Waverley, Rob Roy and Ivanhoe were classic adventures. They helped the reader understand the hero and gave him a code of chivalry. French author Alexandre Dumas wrote The Three Musketeers, The Count of Monte Cristo and Man in the Iron Mask. These were very popular in Europe and America. His stories had strong elements of revenge and forgiveness. James Fenimore Cooper in his adventure stories The Pioneers, The Last of the Mohicans and The Pathfinder were set in exotic new world locations. But Cooper changed the aristocratic hero into one who was noble even though not born into the nobility.

References

Other websites 
 The 200 Greatest Adventure Novels of All Time
 Popular Adventure Fiction Books

Fiction genres