cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Guyle Abner Fielder (born November 21, 1930) was an American-born Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre. He played 9 regular season games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Chicago Black Hawks, Detroit Red Wings, and the Boston Bruins. Fielder is the third-leading scorer in professional hockey history, behind Wayne Gretzky and Gordie Howe. He was one of only three hockey players to pass 2000 points in their playing career. He also holds the records as the leading games played, career assists and career points in minor league hockey history. He was born in Potlatch, Idaho but he moved to Nipawin, Saskatchewan with his Canadian parents at an early age and grew up there.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Fielder played 2 seasons of with the Lethbridge Native Sons of the Western Canadian Junior Hockey League (WCJHL).

On March 9, 1951, Fielder signed a contract with the Chicago Black Hawks as a free agent. The Black Hawks loaned Fielder to the New Westminster Royals of the Pacific Coast Hockey League (PCHL) for cash in August, 1951. On September 23, 1952, the Black Hawks traded Fielder along with Steve Hrymnak and Red Almas to the Detroit Red Wings in exchange for cash. He was claimed off of waivers by the New York Rangers on September 29, 1953. The Rangers traded him to the Seattle Americans of the Western Hockey League (WHL) for the rights to Lee Hyssop in October 1953. Fielder's NHL rights were traded to the Boston Bruins by the Americans for cash in October 1953. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1973.

Awards and accomplishments
 Ed Bruchet Trophy (awarded to the MVP of the WCJHL) (1949–50)
 WHL Rookie Of The Year (1951–52)
 Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award winner; awarded to the AHL Rookie Of The Year (1952–53)
 9x WHL Leading Scorer: 1953-54, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67
 6x George Leader Cup winner (awarded to the WHL MVP): 1956-57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1963–64, 1966–67
 3x Fred J. Hume Cup winner; awarded to the most gentlemanly player in the WHL, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1968–69
 AHL First All-Star Team (1953)
 WHL First All-Star Team (1954, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1967)
 WHL Second All-Star Team (1961, 1965, 1966, 1968)

References

Other websites 

1930 births
American Hockey League players
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Blackhawks players
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Living people
Sportspeople from Idaho
Chevy Chase is the name of both a town and an unincorporated census-designated place (CDP) in Montgomery County, Maryland. It was founded during the late 1880s. It is located near Washington, D.C.

Towns in Maryland
Census-designated places in Maryland
Montgomery County, Maryland
The Battle of the Kasserine Pass, named for a pass through the Atlas Mountains, was a battle fought in Tunisia. It was part of the North African Campaign. The battle took place from 19 February 1943 to 24 February 1943.

History

The Axis forces were commanded by Erwin Rommel. Most were from the Afrika Korps and the Italian Centauro Armoured Division (with units of Italian Tunisians). They also included some divisions from the German 5th Panzer Army. The II Corps of the US Army was led by Lloyd Fredendall. The British 1st Army was led by Kenneth Anderson.

This battle is remembered as the first major battle between the Americans and the Germans in the war. The Americans were trying to get to Tunis quickly before more Axis troops could arrive from Europe.

It was the first battle in which the American soldiers fought an enemy that was better organized and had more experienced soldiers. The battle from the beginning was very costly for the Americans. Many of them died, and the others were forced to retreat  from their starting position at the Faid Pass. American and British reinforcements soon arrived to help and forced Rommel to retreat to better positions.

The battle caused a change in American military organization to prepare the army better for the war in North Africa. Several commanders were replaced. When Rommel and the Americans fought again weeks later, the American improvements were seen in battle.

Related pages
 Tunisia

References

Bibliography
Rottmann, Gordon (2008). M3 Medium Tank vs Panzer III – Kasserine Pass 1943. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-261-5.
Rutherford, Ward (1971). Kasserine, Baptism of Fire. London: MacDonald and Co. ISBN 0-345-02098-7. OCLC 104309

1943
Kasserine
20th century in Tunisia
Raphael Ravenscroft (4 June 1954 – 19 October 2014) was a British musician, composer and author. He was known for playing the saxophone. Ravenscroft was known for performing in Gerry Rafferty's first song "Baker Street".

Ravenscroft died on 19 October 2014 at a hospital in Exeter, England from a suspected heart attack, aged 60.

References

Other websites
 

1954 births
2014 deaths
British rock musicians
British saxophonists
British writers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
20th-century British composers
21st-century British composers
Pavle Merkù (12 July 1927 – 20 October 2014) was a Slovene composer, ethnomusicologist, Slovene specialist, and etymologist. Merkù received the Prešeren Award for lifetime achievement in 2014. He was known for composing Ljudsko izročilo Slovencev v Italiji (Slovene Folk Heritage in Italy).

Merkù died in his birthplace in Trieste, Italy, aged 87.

References

1927 births
2014 deaths
Slovenian scientists
People from Trieste
Composers
Title is the debut major-label album from American singer and songwriter Meghan Trainor. It was released on January 9, 2015.

Track listing

References

2015 albums
Meghan Trainor
Pop soul albums
Doo-wop albums
R&B albums
Hotline Miami is a violent 2D top-down shooter indie video game developed by Dennaton Games and published by Devolver Digital. The game was inspired by the 2011 film Drive and the 2006 film Cocaine Cowboys.

Development 
The developers said that they "wanted it to be disturbing and we wanted people to feel the violence". They made the graphics pixel art to make sure the game was not controversial. A developer, Jonatan Söderström started making a game called Super Carnage, which was very similar to Hotline Miami. The aim of the game was to kill as many people as possible. The game was left unfinished because of difficulties coding the AI.  

Before starting development, the developers wanted inspiration, so they watched some movies like Kick-Ass, Drive and Cocaine Cowboys. They wanted to raise questions about what it meant to kill a virtual person in a video game. Mid-way through development, Söderström worried that he was running out of money, so he started Hotline Miami. They spent 9 months in an apartment coding the game. Dennis Wedin said this about the development of the game: It was fucking hard.... 

Söderström said that he created Hotline Miami with Games Maker, because it let him make the game fast. He also said that it doesn't need that much programming knowledge to use. He said it was a lot slower than other engines, and is quite limited. They had some problems with Games Maker, because they were using an old version. Weldin claimed he liked games that were just games, but Söderström wanted the player to think about the game's meaning. 

The developers said that the AI was the hardest thing to create in the game.

Story and Gameplay
The player controls an un-named hero (who fans call Jacket), who's gradually losing his mind. The objective of each level is to kill all enemies in the room, and go to the next one. After every job, the player goes to the same store to order a pizza. The player then return to your safehouse.

Characters
 Jacket - The game's first playable character
 Biker - The game's second playable character
 Richter
 Richard
 Rasmus
 Don Juan
 Hooker
 Beard

Masks
There are unlockable masks in Hotline Miami, each have their own abilities.

 Richard - Rooster
 Rasmus - Owl
 Tony - Tiger
 Aubrey - Pig
 Don Juan - Horse
 Graham - Rabbit
 Dennis - Wolf
 Jones - Alligator 
 George - Giraffe
 Ted - Dog

 Rufus - Elephant 
 Carl - Grasshopper
 Rami - Camel
 Willem - Monkey
 Jake - Snake
 Peter - Unicorn
 Zack - Frog
 Richter - Rat
 Oscar - Mole
 Rick - Fox

 Charlie - Octopus
 Brandon - Panther
 Phil - Fish
 Louie - Chameleon
 Nigel - Bat
 Russell - Bull (PlayStation 3/Vita only)

Sountrack

Sequel 
A sequel to Hotline Miami, called Hotline Miami 2: Wrong Number was released on March 10, 2015. It was originally going to be DLC for the main game, but this was changed.

Reviews

The game got very good reviews, with IGN praising its "striking blend of fast ultraviolence, a dense, challenging story and brilliant presentation". They given the game a final score of 8.8/10.

References
 

2012 video games
Windows games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation Vita games
Iridescence is a physical property of some surfaces. Their colour appears to change as the angle of view or illumination changes. 

Examples of natural iridescence are common. It can be seen in soap bubbles, butterfly wings and sea shells, and certain minerals. These are  structural colours caused by microstructures which interfere with light.

The physical process which causes iridescence is usually interference.

light
Color
The Specialized High Schools Admissions Test (SHSAT) is a test given to eighth and ninth grade students living in New York City. Students take this test if they wish to get into Specialized high schools in New York City. About 30,000 students take the test but only 3,000 can be accepted. According to U.S. News & World Report the eight specialized schools all rank among the top 200 high schools in the US.

The schools 
The SHSAT is used to get into any of the following eight specialized high schools.
 Bronx High School of Science
 Brooklyn Latin School
 Brooklyn Technical High School
 High School of American Studies at Lehman College
 High School for Math, Science and Engineering at City College
 Queens High School for the Sciences at York College
 Staten Island Technical High School
 Stuyvesant High School

Examination format 
The SHSAT has both English and math questions. Both sections is made up of multiple-choice questions. It is recommended that students spend more than 75 minutes on each section, but students can use the time in any way you wish. There is no break in between the sections. The exam happens only once a year. Calculators cannot be used in the test.

Verbal
45 Multiple Choice Questions
30 Reading Comprehension (5 Reading passages with 6 questions each)
10 Logical Reasoning questions
5 Scrambled Paragraphs (worth 2 points each)

Mathematics 
50 Multiple Choice Questions
Many math topics tested
Basic math
Algebra
Factoring
Substitution
Geometry 
Basic Coordinate Graphing 
Logic
Word Problems

Notes

References

Other websites 
 SHSAT Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 
 Specialized High School SHSAT Cutoff Scores for 2014

Education in the United States
Gaolese Kent Koma (7 December 1918 – 9 March 2006) was a Botswana politician, statesman, and businessman. He was in the National Assembly as Member of Parliament for Mahalapye village from 1965 to 1994.

Koma died on 9 March 2006 in Gaborone, Botswana from complications following a stroke, aged 87.

References

1918 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Botswana politicians
Civil servants
African businesspeople
Michael Kitso Dingake (born 11 February 1928, Bobonong) is a Botswana political activist and writer. In 1966 he was sentenced to 15 years on Robben Island. He was released in 1981. He worked at the University of Botswana. 

In 1992 he entered national politics, becoming vice-president of the Botswana National Front in 1993 and entering the National Assembly as MP for Gaborone Central in 1994. In 1998 he led the breakaway Botswana Congress Party, but lost his seat to Margaret Nasha of the Botswana Democratic Party in 1999. 

He retired from politics in 2004. Since then, he became a weekly columnist for the newspaper Mmegi.

References

1928 births
Living people
Botswana people
Writers
Thomas Tlou (1 June 1932 – 28 June 2010) was a Botswana academic and historian. Tlou was the first Motswana (Botswana citizen) to be vice-chancellor of the University of Botswana, serving from 1985 to 1998. After, he continued at the university as professor of history, finally retiring in 2005.

Tlou died in Gaborone, Botswana from a heart attack, aged 78.

More reading
 
 
 

1932 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Botswana people
Historians
Educators
Ambassadors
The flag of Botswana shows two equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) and a white and black line in the middle. The flag was adopted in 1996.

References

Botswana
Botswana
Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts is a high school that teaches visual and performing arts. It is located near the Lincoln Center and the Juilliard School in Manhattan, New York City. The school is operated by the New York City Department of Education.

The school prepares high school students for professional careers and conservatory study. This is for careers in dance, drama, the visual arts, music and theatre. It is informally known as LaGuardia Arts, or LaGuardia High School. It is the only school among the nine specialized high schools in New York City that receives special funding from the New York State legislature. They have a teacher–student ratio of 1:15.

References 

Buildings and structures in Manhattan
Performing arts
Schools in New York
The Gustav Adolf Church (, ) is a church building in Hamburg-Neustadt in Germany. The church belongs to the Church of Sweden. It was built between 1906 and 1907.

References

Other websites

Church of Sweden in Hamburg

Buildings and structures in Hamburg
Church of Sweden churches
Protestant churches in Germany
Växjö HF is a handball club in Växjö i nSweden. The club was established 1972 out of Växjö BK. The men's team played three seasons in the Swedish top division during the early 1990s.

The men's junior team won the Swedish national championship in the year 2000. In 2003, the girls' team won the Swedish national championship. It is the mother club of Swedish player Jonas Källman.

References

Other websites
official website

Handball clubs in Sweden
Växjö
1972 establishments in Sweden
Oscar Francisco Taveras (June 19, 1992 – October 26, 2014) was a Canadian–Dominican professional baseball outfielder for the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB). The Cardinals signed him as an undrafted free agent in 2008. 

Taveras made his MLB debut in 2014 after batting .321 with a .519 slugging percentage over six minor league seasons. He played all three outfield positions while spending most of the time in center field.

On Sunday, October 26, 2014, Taveras and his girlfriend died in a car accident in Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic, aged 22. Taveras was travelling from Jamao al Norte to Sosúa, his hometown.

References

1992 births
2014 deaths
Canadian baseball players
Dominican Republic sportspeople
Road accident deaths
St. Louis Cardinals players
Marcia A. Strassman (April 28, 1948 – October 25, 2014) was an American actress and singer. She was best known for her roles as Julie Kotter in Welcome Back, Kotter and as Diane Szalinski in the 1989 feature movie Honey, I Shrunk the Kids and its sequel Honey, I Blew Up the Kid.

Strassman was born in New York City and raised in Passaic, New Jersey. She died on October 26, 2014 in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California from breast cancer, aged 66.

References

Other websites

1948 births
2014 deaths
Actors from New Jersey
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from breast cancer
Singers from New York City
People from Passaic, New Jersey
Television personalities from New York City
Scott Darling (born December 22, 1988) is an American ice hockey goaltender. He currently plays for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Darling played 2 years of college hockey with the University of Maine Black Bears. He was drafted 153rd overall by the Phoenix Coyotes in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft.

On July 1, 2014, he was signed to a one-year deal as a free agent by the Chicago Blackhawks. On October 26, 2014, Darling made his first start in goal for the Blackhawks. He also recorded his first NHL win in the same game, winning 2–1.

References

Other websites 

1988 births
American Hockey League players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Living people
Sportspeople from Illinois
ECHL players
United States Hockey League players
American ice hockey goaltenders
The Ho-Chunk, also called Winnebago, are a Siouan-speaking tribe of Native Americans. Their homeland was in the present-day state of Wisconsin. In the 19th century they were removed to reservations in Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa and South Dakota. Today there are two federally recognized Ho-Chunk tribes: the Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin and the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska. 
 
Since the late 20th century, the two tribal councils have built gambling casinos on their lands. These are used to earn money to help the tribes. The Ho-Chunk Nation is working on restoring their language. They have developed a Hocąk-language Mobile app for the iPhone.

References 

Native American people
False positives and negatives are to do with practical testing. When performing a practical test, there is the possibility that the result of the test does not show the real situation.

In a test,  a false positive is when a test result shows that a condition is present  but it is not. A false negative is when a test result shows a condition is not present when in fact it is present.

Related pages 
 Type I and type II errors describe the same condition when it occurs in a statistical test

Science
Skellefteå IBK  is a floorball club in Skellefteå in Sweden, established 1985. The men's team played six seasons in the Swedish top division, starting with the 1989-1990 season.

References

Other websites
official website

1985 establishments in Europe
Floorball clubs in Sweden
Skellefteå
1980s establishments in Sweden
The House of Beauvau was a noble family that originated from Anjou a region of France. The Beauvau du Rivau branch was rooted in Brittany. It produced two bishops of Nantes. The Craon (Prince of Craon) branch was established in Lorraine. This branch was intimate with the then reigning ducal family.

Brief history
Of knightly extraction, it has proofs of its nobility going back as far as 1265. The title of marquis of Beauvau was granted to the head of the family by Louis XIV in 1664. The family also had rights to the prestigious title of "cousin du Roi", reserved for a few families with an alliance with the royal house. Marc de Beauvau, Prince of Craon (1679–1754) was entitled prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1722, and it was under this title that the family was admitted to the "honneurs de la Cour" in 1775.

Princes of Craon

The princely title of Prince of Craon was a title used by the Beauvau family using their status as Prince of the Holy Roman Empire which was gained in 1722. This was later fully recognised by Louis XV of France in 1755. The title was inherited by male offspring. It became extinct in 1982. These princes were sometimes but also known as the Prince of Beauvau.

 1722–1754: Marc de Beauvau, Prince of Craon (1679–1754), also a Grandee of Spain
 1754–1793: Charles Juste de Beauvau, Prince of Craon (1720–1793), also Marshal of France
 1793–1849: Marc Étienne de Beauvau, Prince of Craon (1773–1849) better known as the Prince of Beauvau. 
 1849–1864: Charles de Beauvau, Prince of Beauvau (1793–1864)
 1864–1883: Marc de Beauvau, Prince of Beauvau (1816–1883)
 1883–1942: Charles Louis de Beauvau, Prince of Beauvau (1878–1942)
 1942–1982: Marc de Beauvau, Prince of Beauvau (1921-1982) (1921–1982)

In Lorraine

The Beauvau family later enjoyed close relations with the then ducal family of Lorraine even going so far as to name one of their sons after a son of the Duke. They had a townhouse in Nancy, itself the capital of Lorraine. The townhouse was called the Hôtel de Craon. The family also had a residence in Paris named the Hôtel de Beauvau.

Other websites

Further information on the family

French nobility
House of Beauvau
Hemlock is a herbal poison got from several related plants in the Apiaceae family. The toxic chemicals differ in each plant, but there is a general similarity in the way they work.

Conium, two species. An extract of Conium maculatum was used to execute Socrates. This is the plant most often referred to as hemlock. There are eight alkaloids found in Conium maculatum. Two of them, gamma-coniceine and coniine  account for most of the plant's toxicity. Coniine disrupts the workings of the central nervous system by blocking the neuromuscular junction in a manner similar to curare. These alkaloids are made by the plant, and are no doubt effective to stop herbivores eating the plant.
Cicuta water hemlock or cowbane: highly poisonous. Water hemlock is one of North America's most toxic plants, being highly poisonous to humans. Three members of the genus contain a toxin, cicutoxin, which causes central nervous system stimulation including seizures.
Oenanthe crocata  and several other species of the water dropwort are extremely poisonous. It has been referred to as the most poisonous of all British plants, and is considered particularly dangerous because of its similarity to several edible plants. The active poison is oenanthotoxin. The poison produces the "sardonic grin" a spasm of the facial muscles that produces what appears to be a grin. The poison was said to be used in ancient  Phoenician Sardinia to kill old people who could no longer support themselves.

References 

Poisons
Apiaceae
Hall is an unincorporated community in the U.S. state of Indiana. It is Gregg Township, Morgan County, Indiana. It was founded in 1860. 

Unincorporated communities in Indiana
Senzo Robert Meyiwa (24 September 1987 – 26 October 2014) was a South African footballer. He played as a goalkeeper for Orlando Pirates in the Premier Soccer League, and for the South Africa national team. He was the captain of both.

Meyiwa was killed when two people broke into his house and shot him in Vosloorus, South Africa, aged 27. South African President Jacob Zuma led tributes to Meyiwa.

References

1987 births
2014 deaths
Murders by firearm
South African footballers
Jeffrey Mark Robinson (December 14, 1961 – October 26, 2014) was an American professional baseball player. He played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1987 to 1992. Robinson pitched for the Baltimore Orioles, Pittsburgh Pirates, Texas Rangers and Detroit Tigers.

Robinson died in Overland Park, Kansas from a short-illness, aged 52.

References

1961 births
2014 deaths
American baseball players
Baltimore Orioles players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Texas Rangers players
Detroit Tigers players
Sportspeople from California
Johanna Ölander, born 23 May 1827, dead 16 July 1909 in Hedvig Eleonora Parish in Stockholm in Sweden was a Swedish song composer. She has written the tune for the Christmas song Julpolska ("Nu ha vi ljus, här i vårt hus").

She was married with Per August Ölander.

References 

1827 births
1909 deaths
Composers
Swedish people
Vasaloppet Japan is a cross-country skiing event held around Asahikawa on the island of Hokkaidō in the northern parts of Japan. The event has been held since 1981. The event is named after Vasaloppet in Sweden.

References

Other websites
official website 

Skiing
Sport in Japan
1981 establishments in Japan
Tjejtrampet was an annual road bicycle racing event which, as the name tells, was open only for female participants. The event was held in Sweden by lagte May between 1990-2009. The race was held for first time on 13 May 1990. It was won by Marianne Berglund.

In 2006, the event were moved from the town of Stockholm to the town of Västerås.

Winners
1990: Marianne Berglund, Sweden
1991: Tea Vikstedt-Nyman, Finland
1992: Monique Knol, Netherlands
1993: Monique Knol, Netherlands
1994: Monique Knol, Netherlands
1995: Debby Mansveldl, Netherlands
1996: Monique Knol, Netherlands
1997: Jorunn Kvalø, Norway
1998: Susanne Ljungskog, Sweden
1999: Leoniten-Zilijaard van Moorsel, Netherlands
2000: Leoniten-Zilijaard van Moorsel, Netherlands
2001: Leoniten-Zilijaard van Moorsel, Netherlands
2002: Leoniten-Zilijaard van Moorsel, Netherlands
2003: Leoniten-Zilijaard van Moorsel, Netherlands
2004: Tina Nieminen, Finland
2005: Suzanne de Goede, Netherlands
2006: Hanna Isacsson, Sweden
2007: Monica Holler, CK Hymer, Sweden
2008: Kajsa Snihs, Alrikssons Cycle Team CK, Sweden
2009: Majken Lidén, Sweden
 2010: cancelled

Related pages
Tjejmilen
Tjejvasan

References 

1990 establishments in Sweden
Cycle races
Cycling
Sport in Sweden
Austin Starke Taylor, Jr. (July 2, 1922 – October 27, 2014) was an American politician. He served as Mayor of Dallas, Texas. Taylor was a member of the Republican Party. He served as mayor from 1983 to 1987. He was also a cotton investor. Taylor was born in Paris, Texas.

Taylor died at his home in Dallas on October 27, 2014, aged 92.

References

1922 births
2014 deaths
Mayors of Dallas
People from Paris, Texas
US Republican Party politicians
{{Infobox Album
| name = The Fall Of Ideals
| type = studio
| artist = All That Remains
| cover = 
| released = July 11, 2006
| recorded = October 2005 - February 2006 Zing Studios in Westfield, Massachusetts
| genre = Melodic metalcore, melodic death metal
| length = 38:59
| language = English
| label = Prosthetic, Razor & Tie
| producer = Adam Dutkiewicz
| Reviews     = 
| prev_title = This Darkened Heart(2004)
!(2006)
| next_title = Overcome(2008)
}}The Fall of Ideals' is the third studio album by All That Remains. The album was released on July 11, 2006. It was the only studio album with drummer Shannon Lucas.

The song "Six" was featured in the 2006 video game, Guitar Hero II.

The song "This Calling" was featured in the 2007 video game, Rock Band, on the Saw III soundtrack and on the Masters of Horror II soundtrack''.

Track listing

References

Other websites

2006 albums
Heavy metal albums
Climbing plants are plants which climb up trees and other tall objects. Many of them are vines whose stems twine round trees and branches. There are quite a number of other methods of climbing.

The climbing habit has evolved many times. In most cases the climbing plants were more diverse (had more species) than their non–climbing sister groups. 

It is a key innovation which has been very successful. Over 130 plant families include climbers. Vine species may represent more than 40% of species diversity in tropical forests.

It has evolved independently in several plant families, using many different climbing methods: Botanists generally divide climbing plants into two broad groups:
 Bines, which twine their stems around a support. Many bines have rough stems or downward-pointing bristles to aid their grip. 
 Hops (used in flavoring beer) are a commercially important bine.
 Morning glory, Ipomoea species.
 Honeysuckle

 Vines which use tendrils, suckers and other methods.
 twining petioles (e.g., Clematis species)
 using tendrils, which may be specialized shoots (Vitaceae), leaves (Bignoniaceae), or even inflorescences (Passiflora)
 using tendrils which have adhesive pads at the end. The pads attach themselves quite strongly to the support, (Parthenocissus: Virginia creeper)
 using thorns (e.g. climbing rose) or other hooked structures, such as hooked branches (e.g. Artabotrys hexapetalus)
 by clinging roots (e.g., ivy, Hedera species)

The climbing fetterbush (Pieris phillyreifolia) has a strange habit. It is a woody shrub vine which climbs without clinging roots, tendrils, or thorns. Its stem goes into a crack in the bark of fibrous barked trees (such as bald cypress). The stem flattens and grows up the tree underneath the host tree's outer bark. The fetterbush then sends out branches that emerge near the top of the tree.

Most vines are flowering plants. These may be divided into woody vines or lianas, such as wisteria, kiwifruit, and common ivy, and herbaceous (nonwoody) vines, such as morning glory.

One odd group of climbing plants is the fern genus Lygodium, called "climbing ferns". The stem does not climb, but rather the fronds (leaves) do. The fronds unroll from the tip, and theoretically never stop growing; they can form thickets as they unroll over other plants, rock faces, and fences.

Examples

Bougainvillea
Calabash
Campsis
Chayote
Clematis
Common ivy
Cucumber
Cyclamen

Grape
Honeysuckle
Hydrangea
Kudzu
Luffa
Lygodium
Morning glory
Nepenthes
Passionfruit
Poison ivy
Solanum
Sweet pea
Virginia creeper
Vitis
Wild grape
Wisteria

References 

Types of plants
In military tactics, a flanking maneuver (also called a flank attack), is an attack on the sides or rear of an opposing force. If a flanking maneuver succeeds, the opposing force would be surrounded or have to fight from two or more directions. This reduces the ability of the outflanked force to move or defend itself. Unlike an envelopment, which depends on the enemy's defensive position, any obstacles and the terrain, a flanking maneuver uses the enemy's forward movement to create an attackable flank. A psychological advantage may also be present. The confusion and threat from multiple directions can often cause shock and panic. This may cause soldiers to run from the battle. A larger-scaled tactical flanking is called a strategic flanking. This is where the targets of the flanking could be as large as divisions or even entire armies.

Strategy 
A flanking maneuver works best when an enemy is engaged at their front. Often an opposing force must be maneuvered into a position where a flanking attack would work. An ideal situation is getting them into a position where their front is narrow and the flanks are long. A classic example of a flanking maneuver was by Confederate general Stonewall Jackson against the Union Army of the Potomac at the Battle of Chancellorsville.

Related pages 
 Turning movement
 Ambush
 Envelopment
 Pincer movement (also called a double-envelopment)
 Rearguard
 Attrition warfare
 Feigned retreat
 Preemptive war
 Oblique order
 Shock tactics

Notes

References

Other websites 
 American Artifacts: Jackson's Flank Attack at Chancellorsville - Full Tour; YouTube

Military terminology
Military tactics
Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is a  complex of buildings. It is located in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Henry Timms is the president.

History and facilities
A group of civic leaders led by John D. Rockefeller III built Lincoln Center. It was part of the "Lincoln Square Renewal Project" during Robert Moses's program of urban renewal in the 1950s and 1960s. Respected architects were contracted to design the major buildings on the site. Over the next thirty years the area around Lincoln Center became a new cultural hub.

Rockefeller was Lincoln Center's first president in 1956. He became its chairman in 1961. Rockefeller is credited with raising more than half of the $184.5 million in private funds needed to build the complex.  The center's three buildings, Avery Fisher Hall (formerly Philharmonic Hall), David H. Koch Theater (formerly the New York State Theater) and the Metropolitan Opera House were opened in 1962, 1964 and 1966, respectively.

The center may have been named because it was located in the Lincoln Square neighborhood. It is unclear whether the area was named as a tribute to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. The name was bestowed on the area in 1906 by the New York City Board of Aldermen. The records give no reason for choosing that name.

References 

Landmarks in Manhattan
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
New York City Designated Landmarks
Kit Carson Mountain is a mountain in Colorado. It is  high. It is named after the American frontiersman Kit Carson.

Geography of Colorado
Mountains of the United States
Samantha Power (born September 21, 1970) is an Irish-born American academic and diplomat. Power is the 19th and current Administrator to the United States Agency for International Development since April 2021 under the Joe Biden administration. She was the United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 2013 until 2017 under the Barack Obama administration.

Power is listed as the 63rd most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.

Power was born in Dublin, Ireland. She moved to Pittsburgh when she was nine. She graduated from Yale University in 1992.

Her book, A Problem From Hell, which won the 2003 Pulitzer Prize in Nonfiction, examines the role and responses of the United States government in the genocides and ethnic conflicts of the 20th Century.

In January 2021, President-elect Joe Biden nominated Power to be the head of the United States Agency for International Development. In April 2021, her nominated was confirmed by the United States Senate with a 68 to 28 vote.

References

1970 births
Living people
American academics
American human rights activists
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Harvard University alumni
Naturalized citizens of the United States
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Educators from Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania
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Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Edward Joseph Perkins (June 8, 1928 – November 7, 2020) was an American diplomat. He served as U.S. Ambassador to Liberia, South Africa, and the United Nations 1992-1993. He was later Director of the US State Department's Diplomatic Corps.

Perkins died on November 7, 2020 at a hospital in Washington, D.C. at the age of 92.

References

1928 births
2020 deaths
Politicians from Louisiana
United States Ambassadors to the United Nations
John Robert Bolton (born November 20, 1948) is an American lawyer and diplomat. He was the 27th United States National Security Advisor from April 9, 2018 through September 10, 2019. He has served in several Republican administrations. Bolton served as the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations from August 2005 until December 2006 as a recess appointee by President George W. Bush. John Bolton advocated the second war with Iraq. He resigned in December 2006. 

On March 22, 2018, President Donald Trump announced his appointment as National Security Advisor, to take office on April 9, 2018.

On September 10, 2019, Bolton turned in his resignation to the Trump administration.

A member of the Republican party, his political views have been described as American nationalist, conservative, and neoconservative. Bolton rejects the last term.

References

1948 births
Living people
United States National Security Advisors
United States Ambassadors to the United Nations
Lawyers from Baltimore
Politicians from Baltimore
US Republican Party politicians
Vernon A. Walters (January 3, 1917 – February 10, 2002) was an American politician. He was a member of the United States Army. Walters was born in New York City, New York.

He served from 1972 to 1976 as Deputy Director of Central Intelligence, from 1985 to 1989 as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations and from 1989 to 1991 as Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany.

Other websites

Finding aid for the Vernon A. Walters Oral History, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library 
Alan Goodman discuses the role of the United States at the UN and the UN's contributions to American foreign policy with Vernon Walters  On American Interests,1987
New York Times obituary
Interview on Central American Crisis of 1984 from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives

1917 births
2002 deaths
United States Ambassadors to the United Nations
Politicians from New York City
US Republican Party politicians
Ambassadors of the United States to Germany
Jeane Duane Kirkpatrick (née Jordan; December 19, 1926 – December 7, 2006) was an American politician. She served as the American ambassador to the United Nations. She served as Ronald Reagan's foreign policy adviser in his 1980 campaign and later in his Cabinet.

Kirkpatrick died of congestive heart failure caused by heart disease in Bethesda, Maryland, aged 79.

References

Other websites
 Honorary Doctoral Degrees, Universidad Francisco Marroquín 
 "Jeane Kirkpatrick, Reagan's Forceful Envoy, Dies" , 'The New York Times, December 9, 2006; accessed May 20, 2014.
 "Kirkpatrick hit liberals for blaming America first", washtimes.com; accessed May 20, 2014. 
 official website of Empower America 
 American Enterprise Institute website 
 Profile: Jeane J. Kirkpatrick
 ADL Mourns the Passing of Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick , Anti-Defamation League press release; accessed May 20, 2014.
 The Cold War series: interview with Jeane Kirkpatrick, National Security Archive (February 28, 1999)
 "Jeane Kirkpatrick advocates war" , The Oprah Winfrey Show, October 1, 2001.
 The National Association of Scholar's Board of Advisors 
 Jeane Kirkpatrick interviewed by Peter Krogh , American Interests'' (1982)

1926 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Politicians from Oklahoma
United States Ambassadors to the United Nations
US Republican Party politicians
Women diplomats
Edward Reilly Stettinius, Jr. (October 22, 1900 – October 31, 1949) was an American politician. He served as United States Secretary of State under Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, serving from 1944 to 1945. He was also the first United States Ambassador to the United Nations.

1900 births
1949 deaths
Deaths from coronary thrombosis
United States Secretaries of State
United States Ambassadors to the United Nations
Politicians from Chicago
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Businesspeople from Chicago
American diplomats
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
Deaths from thrombosis
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Samuel Riley Pierce, Jr. (September 8, 1922October 31, 2000) was an American politician. He was Ronald Reagan's Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. He served as secretary from January 23, 1981 until January 20, 1989.

Other websites
Samuel Pierce biography 
Atlanta Journal-Constitution article from Pierce's tenure
New York Times CABINET AIDE GREETED BY REAGAN AS 'MAYOR'

1922 births
2000 deaths
United States Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development
Politicians from New York
US Republican Party politicians
Shin Hae-chul (6 May 1968 – 27 October 2014), also known by the nicknames Demon Lord (마왕) and Cult Leader (교주), was an avant-garde South Korean pop music performer. He was known for being a member of the pop group N.EX.T.

Hae-chul died in Seoul, South Korea from a heart attack, aged 46.

References

1968 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
South Korean singers
People from Seoul
The Elephants' Graveyard is a 1976 British drama television play. It was written by Peter McDougall for the BBC's Play for Today. It stars Billy Connolly and Jon Morrison.

It was filmed in Greenock, Scotland. It was released on DVD in 2006.

The total running time is 49 minutes.

Story 
Two strange unemployed men meet in an old house in the woods. They find out that they both are pretending to work.

They spend the day together with drinking and deep conversations.

Quotes 
You get neither chance nor choice. You leave school and straight to work without even thinking about it. Then you get married without even knowing about it. Then spend the rest of your days using both as an excuse for never have done anything with your life.

Other websites 
 
 

British television
1976 in entertainment
Television programs
Diane de Poitiers (3 September 1499 – 25 April 1566) was the mistress of Henry II of France.

References

Other websites

French people
1499 births
1566 deaths
Blue Money is a 1985 British criminal comedy TV movie. It stars Tim Curry, Debbe Bishop and Billy Connolly. It was made for London Weekend Television.

Story 
Larry, a taxi driver, dreams of becoming a star.

Other websites 
 
 
 Blue Money on Find Any Film
 

1985 comedy movies
1985 crime movies
1980s criminal comedy movies
British criminal comedy movies
English-language movies
Television movies
The Battle of Crete was a battle fought in World War 2 between the Nazis and British Commonwealth soldiers with Greek support. It was fought from 20 May to 1 June 1941. The battle began in the morning of 20 May when German paratroopers began Operation Mercury. The battle was fought on the Greek island of Crete.

On the first day of fighting, the German paratroopers suffered heavy losses due to heavy anti-aircraft warfare and fierce ground fighting, but the British were confident that they would destroy the German invasion. Due to miscommunication and bad decisions, the Germans were able to capture an airfield, allowing them to transport supplies and reinforcements to Crete, and destroy the Allied forces defending the island.

This battle was the first time Hitler used paratroopers on a massive scale, and the first big airborne invasion in Military history, and the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the German Enigma code, and the first time German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population. That was common later in the war. Losses were so great, that Hitler decided not to make any more big paratroop assaults.

1941 in Europe
20th century in Greece
Crete
Crete
Crete
Crete
Crete
Crete
Crete
Crete
was a Japanese mixed martial artist and professional wrestler. He was also known for the ring name Super Uchuu Power. 

Kimura was known for his work in promotions like Dramatic Dream Team, W*ING, Fighting World of Japan Pro Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling, among others. He was also involved in MMA, facing Rickson Gracie at the second event of Vale Tudo Japan and being the founder of the female MMA brands AX and G-Shooto. 

Kimura died of pneumonia on October 28, 2014.

References

1969 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Japanese professional wrestlers
Mixed martial artists
Japanese martial artists
People from Gunma Prefecture
Galway Kinnell (February 1, 1927 – October 28, 2014) was an American poet. For his 1982 Selected Poems, he won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry and split the National Book Award for Poetry with Charles Wright. From 1989 to 1993 he was poet laureate for the state of Vermont.

He was inspired by the works of Walt Whitman. His best-loved poems are "St. Francis and the Sow" and "After Making Love We Hear Footsteps". He also in favour with civil rights movement against racial segregation and opposed Vietman War.

Kinnell died in Sheffield, Vermont from leukemia, aged 87.

References

Pulitzer Prize winners
1927 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
American poets
People from Providence, Rhode Island
Rupiah Bwezani Banda (born 13 February 1937) is a Zambian politician. Banda was the President of Zambia. He served as president from 2008 to 2011.

References

1937 births
Living people
Presidents of Zambia
Vice-Presidents of Zambia
The Armançon is a river in France. It is a right tributary of the Yonne river. It flows mostly through the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.

Eight communes have the name of the river in their names: Aisy-sur-Armançon, Argenteuil-sur-Armançon, Brienon-sur-Armançon, Chailly-sur-Armançon, Montigny-sur-Armançon, Pacy-sur-Armançon, Perrigny-sur-Armançon, Saint-Martin-sur-Armançon.

Geography
The Armançon river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 28.90 cubic metres per second at Brienon-sur-Armançon in the Yonne department.

Course
The source of the Armançon is in the natural region of Auxois, about  to the northwest of the town Meilly-sur-Rouvres, Côte-d'Or department, at an altitude of about .

The Armançon flows, in general, to the northwest and passes through the following regions, departments and communes:

 Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region
 Côte-d'Or: Meilly-sur-Rouvres, Chailly-sur-Armançon, Bellenot-sous-Pouilly, Éguilly, Gissey-le-Vieil, Beurizot, Saint-Thibault, Normier, Clamerey, Marcigny-sous-Thil, Brianny, Montigny-sur-Armançon, Flée, Pont-et-Massène, Semur-en-Auxois, Millery, Genay, Villaines-les-Prévôtes, Viserny, Athie, Senailly, Saint-Germain-lès-Senailly, Quincy-le-Vicomte, Quincerot, Saint-Rémy, Buffon, Rougemont, 
 Yonne: Aisy-sur-Armançon, Perrigny-sur-Armançon, Cry, Nuits, Ravières, Fulvy, Chassignelles, Ancy-le-Franc, Argenteuil-sur-Armançon, Pacy-sur-Armançon, Vireaux, Lézinnes, Ancy-le-Libre, Argentenay, Tanlay, Saint-Martin-sur-Armançon, Tonnerre, Junay, Vézinnes, Dannemoine, Cheney, Tronchoy, Roffey, Bernouil, Flogny-la-Chapelle, Villiers-Vineux, Percey, Jaulges, Butteaux, Germigny, Chéu, Saint-Florentin, Vergigny, Mont-Saint-Sulpice, Brienon-sur-Armançon, Ormoy, Esnon, Cheny, Migennes, Charmoy
 Grand Est region
 Aube: Marolles-sous-Lignières

Finally, it flows, as a right tributary into the Yonne river at the limits of the communes  Migennes and Cheny, in the Yonne department, at  of altitude.

Main tributaries
The main tributaries, with a length greater than 30 km, of the Armançon are (only right tributaries because the left tributaries are very short):
 Brenne - 71.7 km;
 Armance - 47.7 km;

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

  Banque Hydro - Station H2482010 - L'Armançon à Brienon-sur-Armançon (Synthèse) 

Rivers of France
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Grand Est
Dr Guy Lindsay Scott (born 1 June 1944) is a Zambian politician. He was the acting President of Zambia. Scott served as Vice President of Zambia from 2011 to 2014. He became acting President after the death of Michael Sata on 28 October 2014. He became the first white President of an African country since apartheid South Africa's F. W. de Klerk and the first to be democratically elected (as VP on the ticket).

Scott's mother was an English immigrant; his father was a Scottish immigrant.

References

1944 births
Living people
Presidents of Zambia
Vice-Presidents of Zambia
Barranquilla () is a city and municipality in northern Colombia. It is the capital of the Atlántico Department. With a population of 1,885,500 (2011), it is Colombia's fourth largest city after Bogotá, Medellín and Cali.

References

Cities in Colombia
1813 establishments
19th-century establishments in Colombia
1810s establishments in South America
The national flag of Zambia was created in October 1964.

Appearance 
It is completely covered in green, except with the black, orange, and red stripes at the right-hand corner. It has a golden eagle on top of the multi colored stripes. It has a ratio of 2:3.

Symbolism
The flag's colours and emblems all have a meaning. Each of the four colours represents an aspect of Zambia: green is for the natural resources and vegetation; red is for the struggle for freedom; black is for the people and orange is for rhe mineral wealth (primarily copper). The eagle is an African fish eagle, which also appears in the national coat of arms and represents the people's ability to rise above the country's problems.

References 

Zambia
Zambia
Club Lleida Esportiu is a Spanish football team. It is based in Lleida, Catalonia. It was founded in July 2011. It plays in Segunda División B, Its home stadium, Camp d'Esports, can hold 13,500 people.

Spanish football clubs
2011 establishments in Europe
Catalonia
Lleida (, ,  ) is a city in western Catalonia, Spain. It is the capital of the province of Lleida.

Capital cities in Spain
Cities in Catalonia
Municipalities in Catalonia
The national flag of Uruguay was created in July 1830.

Appearance 
It has a yellow sun on the top-left corner. The flag has nine stripes. Four of them are dark blue and five are white. The original flag had 16 stripes, but it was changed in December 1828. It has a ratio of 2:3.

Uruguay
Uruguay
Bucaramanga is the capital of Santander Department, Colombia. It has a population of 530,900 people.

Cities in Colombia
1622 establishments
17th-century establishments in the Spanish Empire