The Co-operative Party is a small centre-left political party in the United Kingdom that supports cooperative ideas and values. Its candidates must be members of the Labour Party as well, and stand as "Labour and Co-operative Party" candidates.

The party today 
It is the political part of the wider British co-operative movement, and all members of the party must be members of a co-operative business. Those who want to stand for election must also be members of the Labour Party.

Most of the party’s money is from grants made by the retail co-operative societies, and from the fee charged for managing the political affairs of Co-operatives UK, formerly known as the Co-operative Union. Local parties are not based on constituencies, but around a major local retail society, which gives most of the money a local Party Council has. The Party council organises local  branches to organise local activity and liaise with Constituency Labour Parties.  Some Parties exist without Society support, known as voluntary parties.

At first the Co-operative Party was mostly concerned with the problems of the co-op movement. Since the 1930s it has become a more mainstream political, but it still wants better recognition and protection for co-operative business, the social economy, and to advance support for co-operatives and co-operation across Europe and the developing world. The party also stands for a sustainable economy and society.

In 2005 there were 29 MPs in the Co-operative Parliamentary Group, who are also members of the Parliamentary Labour Party in the British House of Commons, 8 Members of the Scottish Parliament, 4 Members of the Welsh Assembly and 11 Members of the House of Lords, as well as over 700 local councillors. There is also an informal Co-operative Party group in the European Parliament.

The election agreement between the Co-operative and Labour Parties means that 30 candidates can stand as  "Labour Co-operative" candidates, and get money for election expenses from the Co-operative Party.  There are many other Labour MPs who are Co-operative Party members but are not sponsored. One of these was Gareth Thomas MP, chair of the Co-operative Party since 2001 and of the Co-operative Congress in 2003, who was invited to join the parliamentary group in 2003. The Party has not registered a logo with the electoral commission for use on ballot papers, as candidates use the Labour Party "Rose" logo.  Under UK law a party and a logo must be registered if either are to be used on a ballot paper in an election

The Party holds an annual conference. The 2006 conference was held in Sheffield in September 2006.

The current General Secretary is Michael Stephenson.

History

Joint Parliamentary Committee
The Joint Parliamentary Committee was set up in 1881 by The Co-operative Union.  It was not set up to get MPs elected, but to watch over what was happening in parliament, and to lobby sympathetic MPs. The Co-operative Union Annual Congress tried to get a regular party set up but the retail societies would not give any money.

The Great War
At the start of the war, the many retail societies in the Co-op movement grew, partly because they were  very public about "anti-profiteering".  Making a large profit in war time was seen as not being patriotic or helping the country.  When conscription (men were ordered into the army) was started and food and fuel supplies restricted, the co-op societies began to suffer.  The co-ops were started by ordinary workers, but the government distribution committees and draft tribunals were usually run by members of the upper classes and gentry.  Co-ops smaller amounts of food to sell, and coop managers were often drafted, whereas business opponents were able to have even clerks declared vital for the war effort.  Co-op Societies were also made to pay "excess profits tax" even though as co-operatives they made no profits.

The 1917 Congress in Swansea decided to set up a Co-operative Party, the decision was passed by 1979 votes to 201.

Central Co-operative Parliamentary Representation Committee 
An Emergency Political Conference was held on 18 October 1917.  As a result, the Central Co-operative Parliamentary Representation Committee was formed in 1917, with the objective of putting co-operators into the House of Commons.  This was soon renamed the Co-operative Party.

At first the party put forward its own candidates. The first was H J May, later Secretary of the International Co-operative Alliance.  He was unsuccessful at the 1918 Prestwich by-election.

Ten people stood in the 1918 general election. One candidate was elected: Alfred Waterson who became a Member of Parliament for the Kettering seat. Waterson took the Labour whip in Parliament. In 1919, 151 Co-operative Party local councillors. Waterson retired from Parliament in 1922, but four new Co-operative MPs were elected that same year, including A.V. Alexander.  All of them took the Labour whip. Six were elected in 1923 and five in 1924.

However, since the 1927 Cheltenham Agreement, the party has had an electoral agreement with the Labour Party, which allows for a limited number of Labour Co-operative candidates. This means that the parties do not waste resources by opposing each other.  The agreement has been changed several times, most recently in 2003.  The 2003 agreement was the first between the Labour Party and the Co-operative Party, instead of the Co-operative Societies. After the first formal agreement, nine Labour Co-op MPs were elected at the 1929 general election, and Alexander was made a cabinet minister. However, only one was returned at the 1931 election against the backdrop of a massive defeat for Labour.

The rise of the sister party
The Labour party recovered from the bad election of 1931 and was in government during World War II.  This helped the Co-operative Party through the formal election links.. In 1945, 23 Labour Co-op MPs were elected and two had high office in the Labour government - Alexander and Alfred Barnes, who had been chair of the Party.

After the war the co-operative movement declined  and so did the influence of the Party. By 1983 only eight Labour Co-op MPs were elected. However, in 1997, all 23 candidates won seats in Parliament and, in 2001, only one was defeated, Faye Tinnion who had stood against the Leader of the Conservative Party, William Hague. Gordon Brown is very interested in the co-operative principles of self-help, and this support allowed the co-operative movement to make representations, and sponsor important bills on updating company law, employee share ownership and micro-generation of energy.

Chairs of the Co-operative Party 
1918-1924  Mr W. H. Watkins
1924-1945  Alfred Barnes MP
1945-1955  William Coldrick MP
1955-1957  Mr A. Ballard
1957-1965  James, later Lord, Peddie
1965-1972  Mr H. Kemp CSD, JP
1972-1978  Mr A. J. Parkinson
1978-1982  Mr T. Turvey JP
1982-1989  Mr B. Hellowell
1989-1995  Mrs J. Carnegie
1995-1996  Mr P. Nurse
1996-2001  Jim Lee
2001-present  Gareth Thomas MP

Noted co-op politicians 
 Alfred Waterson - first Co-op MP
 Albert Victor "AV" Alexander (1885 - 1965)
 Alun Michael
 Stan Newens
 Ted Graham, Lord Graham of Edmondton
 Pauline Green - former Labour Co-op MEP, leader of the Party of European Socialists
 Ed Balls - Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families, former economic adviser to Gordon Brown and MP for Normanton in West Yorkshire since May 2005

See UK Co-operative Party politicians and List of Labour Co-operative Members of Parliament for wider lists.

Nicholas Russell, the 6th Earl Russell (and grandson of the philosopher, 3rd Earl Bertrand Russell) is a strong supporter of the Co-operative Party and secretary of its Waltham Forest branch; he is vocal in his call for the abolition of the House of Lords.

References
The Co-operative Party - At a Glance (2003), John Blizzard & Richard Tomlinson, The Co-operative Party.

Other websites
Co-operative Party Website

Political parties in the United Kingdom
Co-operative movement