cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Aluminium oxide, also known as aluminum oxide, is a chemical compound made from aluminium and oxygen. Its chemical formula is Al2O3. It is a normally white, powdery solid. It does not exist in a particular form. It can dissolve in acids and bases. It is used as an abrasive (sandpaper is an abrasive). It comes in bauxite and corundum. It does not melt easily. It is dissolved in a cryolite melt and electrolyzed to make aluminium.

Natural occurrence
Corundum is the most common naturally occurring crystalline form of aluminium oxide. Rubies and sapphires are types of corundum. The reason why they have different colors is because there are other elements in it.

Properties

Al2O3 is an electrical insulator but it has a high thermal conductivity (). Aluminium oxide is insoluble in water. Its most common occurring crystalline form, called corundum or α-aluminium oxide.

Aluminium oxide is the reason why aluminium cannot corrode. When aluminium reacts with atmospheric oxygen, a thin layer of aluminium oxide (4 nm thickness) forms on any exposed aluminium surface. This layer protects the metal from more oxidation.

Aluminium oxide is an amphoteric substance, meaning it can react with both acids and bases, such as hydrofluoric acid and sodium hydroxide.

References

Related pages
Aluminium chloride
Calcium oxide
Corundum

Aluminium compounds
Oxides
Joey Ramone (born Jeffery Hyman, May 19, 1951 – April 15, 2001) was an American punk musician and founder member of the Ramones, in which he was lead singer, along with Dee Dee Ramone, Tommy Ramone, and Johnny Ramone.

Early life
Joey Ramone's mother encouraged both his and his brothers' interests in music. He was a fan of The Beatles, The Who, Iggy and The Stooges and David Bowie, among other bands. He was also a fan of Phil Spector produced records as well. He took up the drums at 13 and played throughout his teen years. He idolized Pete Townshend of the Who.

Death
Joey Ramone died at the age of 49 on April 15, 2001 of lymphoma.

1951 births
2001 deaths
American drummers
American punk musicians
American rock guitarists
Singer-songwriters from New York
Deaths from lymphoma
Musicians from New York City
Singers from New York City
Rashad Anton Evans (born September 25, 1979 in Niagara Falls, New York) is an American mixed martial artist. He currently fights for the UFC and fights out of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Evans is a former UFC Light Heavyweight Championship and was the winner of The Ultimate Fight season 2 in the heavyweight division. Evans holds a black belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Gaidojutsu

Other websites
Rashad Evans' Official website

Sportspeople from New York
American mixed martial artists
1979 births
Living people
Georges St-Pierre  (born May 19, 1981 in Saint-Isidore, Quebec) (often called GSP for short) is a semi-retired Canadian mixed martial artist that fights for the UFC and fights out of Montreal, Quebec. St-Pierre has won the UFC Welterweight Championship 3 times. St-Pierre is a 3rd degree black belt in Kyokushin, a black belt in Gaidojutsu and a black belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. On December 13, 2013, he announced that he was vacating the championship and was taking time off from MMA.

References

Other websites
Georges St-Pierre's Official website 
Georges St-Pierre at ufc.com 

1981 births
Living people
Mixed martial artists
Sportspeople from Quebec
Patricia Anne Stratigias (born December 18, 1975) is a Canadian retired professional wrestler, fitness model, and fitness guru, actress and television personality. She is best known for her time with the World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (WWF/E) where she wrestled under the ring name, Trish Stratus. Stratus is a former one-time WWE Hardcore Champion, seven-time WWF/E Women's Champion and was named Babe of the Year from 2001 to 2004 and was also named Diva of the Decade. She returned to the WWE on February 20, 2011 after she made a surpise appearance at the 2011 Elimination Chamber pay-per-view. She will also be a trainer on the 2011 revival of Tough Enough.

She was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Stephanie McMahon in 2013. The next year, Stratus inducted Lita in the Hall of Fame.

References

Other websites 

Trish Stratus' Official website

1975 births
Canadian models
Canadian professional wrestlers
Female professional wrestlers
Living people
People from Ontario
WWE Hall of Fame
José Alberto Rodríguez (born May 25, 1977) is a Mexican professional wrestler, former mixed martial artist and luchador enmascarado. He is currently signed to the WWE and competes under the ring name Alberto Del Rio. He has also wrestled for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA), Ring of Honor (ROH) and Lucha Underground (LU). He competeed in AAA under the ring name El Patrón Alberto ("The Boss Alberto") and in ROH and LU under the name Alberto el Patrón.

In 2006 Pro Wrestling Illustrated ranked Alberto Del Rio #45 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI 500. On January 30, 2011, Del Rio won the 2010 Royal Rumble by last eliminating Santino Marella.

On August 7, 2014, it was announced that Del Rio had been fired from the WWE after he slapped an employee who allegedly made a racist joke.

On August 17 at Triplemanía XXII, El Patrón and his father Dos Caras returned to AAA. He spoke about returning to AAA and he addressed the WWE, claiming that they were racist. They were interrupted by the Los Perros del Mal stable.

On December 11, 2014, Ring of Honor (ROH) announced that they had signed Rodríguez and that he would make his debut for them on January 3, 2015. In his debut match, he defeated Christopher Daniels.

On January 17, 2015, Lucha Underground announced that they had signed Rodríguez. He debuted for them at their television tapings in Los Angeles, California later that same day.

On October 25, 2015, Del Rio made a surprise return to the WWE at Hell in a Cell with Zeb Colter as his manager. At Hell in a Cell, Del Rio answered John Cena's United States Open Challenge. He defeated Cena to win his first United States Championship.

Championships
Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre
AAA World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Técnico of the Year (2014)

Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre
CMLL World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
La Copa Junior (2006)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #6 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2011.

World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE
World Heavyweight Championship (two times)
WWE Championship (two times)
WWE United States Championship (one time)
Money in the Bank (Raw 2011)
Royal Rumble (2011)
Bragging Rights Trophy (2010) (with Team SmackDown (Big Show, Rey Mysterio, Jack Swagger, Edge, Tyler Reks, and Kofi Kingston))

World Wrestling League
WWL World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

'''Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Best Gimmick (2010)

References

Other websites

1977 births
Living people
Mexican professional wrestlers
Mixed martial artists
San Luis Potosí
Former WWE wrestlers
Christopher Todd "Chris Masters" Mordetzky (born 8 January, 1983) is an American professional wrestler of Polish ancestry. His dad was Polish and English. His mother was American. He began his career at age 21. He had been a bodybuilder since he was 14 years old.

References

1983 births
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from California
People from Santa Monica, California
Mirko Filipović (born 10 September 1974 in Zagreb, Croatia) is a Croatian mixed martial artist who currently fights for the UFC. He is known by his nickname Mirko Cro Cop, which he gained when he was in the Lučko Anti-Terrorist Unit. Filipović also fought for the Pride Fighting Championships where he won a PrideFC 2006 Openweight Grand Prix Tournament.

Other websites
 

1974 births
Living people
Croatian sportspeople
Mixed martial artists
People from Zagreb
Giancarlo Volpe (born 31 July 1974 in Tacoma, Washington) is an Italian American animator and director.  He graduated from the School of Visual Arts in 1997.  He started his career at Humongous Entertainment.

Career

Computer games 

"Pajama Sam"
Putt-Putt Enters the Race

Animated series 

King of the Hill
Avatar: The Last Airbender
Green Lantern: The Animated Series

Other TV series 

Star Wars: The Clone Wars

Other websites
 MobyGames profile
 deviantART Profile

American animators
1974 births
Living people
People from Tacoma, Washington
Burbank is a city in the southeastern end of the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles County, California. Located just 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Downtown Los Angeles, Burbank is well known for being home to Walt Disney Studios and Warner Bros Studios, as well as having the largest IKEA in the United States. The population at the 2010 census was 103,340.

Notable people

 Sterling Beaumon (b. 1995), actor, musician
 Tyler Blackburn (b. 1986), actor, singer
 Kelly Blatz (b. 1987), actor, model
 Scott Borchetta (b. 1962), president/CEO of Big Machine Records
 Tim Burton (b. 1958), film director, producer
 Paul Cameron (b. 1932), football player
 Glenn Davis (1924–2005), football player, Heisman Trophy winner
 Debbe Dunning (b. 1966), actress
 Masiela Lusha (b. 1985), actress, writer, humanitarian
 Andrew Gold (1951–2011), singer-songwriter, born in Burbank
 Mark Harmon (b. 1951), actor
 Jason Hirsh (b. 1982), professional baseball player
 Ron Howard (b. 1954), actor, director
 Ryan Lavarnway (b. 1987), major league baseball catcher (Baltimore Orioles)
 Blake Lively (b. 1987), actress
 Chris Marquette (b. 1984), actor
 Cady McClain (b. 1969), actress
 Garry Marshall (1934–2016), director, actor
 Hayley McFarland (b. 1991), actress
 Sandy Neilson (b. 1956), Olympic swimming gold medalist
 Greg Plitt (1977–2015), fitness model, actor.
 Eve Plumb (b. 1958), actress
 Debbie Reynolds (1932–2016), actress, singer
 Randy Rhoads (1956–1982), musician, guitarist
 Jason Ritter (b. 1980), actor, raised in Burbank
 John Ritter (1948–2003), actor, TV personality, born and raised in Burbank
 Adam Schiff (b. 1960), U.S. Congressman – House of Representatives
 Kendall Schmidt (b. 1990), actor, singer, formed band Heffron Drive in Burbank with Dustin Belt – part of Big Time Rush (band).
 Ryan Shore (b. 1974), film composer
 Daniel Steres (b. 1990), professional soccer player
 Frank Sullivan (b. 1930), Major League baseball pitcher-active 1953–63
 Wil Wheaton (b. 1972), actor
 Anton Yelchin (1989–2016), actor

References

Books
 Brief History of Burbank, California (Burbank Chamber of Commerce, 1961)
 Of Men and Stars, A History of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation (Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, 1957–1958)
 Ranchos de Los Santos, The Story of Burbank (The Burbank Branch of the Security Trust and Savings Bank, 1927)
 The Story of Burbank from Her Eventful Pioneer Days (The Magnolia Park Chamber of Commerce, 1954)
 Your Burbank Home (Burbank Merchant's Association, 1928)

Other websites

 City of Burbank - official
 Burbank Water & Power - official
 Burbank Unified School District 
 Burbank Chamber of Commerce
 Bob Hope Airport - official 
 Burbankia (Burbank history and lore)
 Burbank.com - Your online guide to Burbank, California
 Burbank Community Book, 1944
 A History of Burbank, 1968
The NHS Alliance is a National Health Service group, which is made up of doctors, hospital managers and others working in health care in England, Scotland and Wales in the United Kingdom.  It is not a part of the government or a political party. It holds an annual conference. Dr Michael Dixon has been Chairman of NHS Alliance since 1998, with Michael Sobanja as its Chief Executive.

Other websites
NHS Alliance website

References

Medical and health organizations in the United Kingdom
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. Its chemical formula is HF. It is a very dangerous acid, being very corrosive and extremely toxic. It can dissolve glass to make hexafluorosilicic acid. If it gets on the skin, it can kill you. It is made by reacting fluorite with sulfuric acid. It is used in the processing of petroleum. It is also used to make various other chemicals containing fluorine, such as teflon (the coating in a frying pan), freon (the cooling agent in an air conditioner), and fluorocarbons (used as propellants in aerosol cans). It is used to clean metals. It is very toxic because it bonds with calcium ions in the body and makes them so they cannot be used. As an acid, it can be deprotonated to produce fluorides, which are also the salts of hydrofluoric acid.

If someone gets hydrofluoric acid on them, medical attention is needed, as just small amounts are very toxic.
(Flesh eater)

Related pages
Hydrochloric acid
Fluoride
Hydrobromic acid

References

Other websites
 International Chemical Safety Card 0283
 National Pollutant Inventory - Fluoride and compounds fact sheet 
 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
 Hydrofluoric Acid Burn, The New England Journal of Medicine Acid burn case study

Acids
Fluorine compounds
The New York Comic Con is a festival that takes place in New York City for fans of comics, graphic novels, anime, manga, video games, toys, movies, and television.

Past conventions

Gallery

References

Other websites
New York Comic Con website
NYCC YouTube page
Videos and photos from New York Comic Con 2007 
AMCTV.com's Sci-Fi Department's video coverage of the 2008 New York Comic Con 
Midtown Comics, New York

Entertainment in New York City
Festivals in the United States
Comics
San Diego Comic-Con International, also known as Comic-Con International: San Diego (as given on its website), and as Comic-Con or the San Diego Comic-Con, was created in 1970 from Shel Dorf and a group of San Diegans. It was set up to celebrate comic books and for fans to meet creators, experts and other fans.

References

Notes 

 San Diego Comic Convention Souvenir Book 1994 (offline)
 The "Secret Origin" of San Diego's Comic-Con International

Other websites 

 
 The early days of Comic-Con, Variety, July 11, 2008
 Comic-Con 2010: Best Pics  - slideshow by Life magazine
 Comic-Con 2010 - slideshow by The First Post
 Comic-Con's Dorf watches sadly from the sidelines as T-shirts trump talent, San Diego Union Tribune July 16, 2006
 Keeping the intangibles  Maggie Thompson's memories of Comic-Con, Comics Buyer's Guide, Jan. 2009
 Comic-Convention Memories
 Crashing the Con  A Documentary on San Diego Comic-Con International 2008

Comics
Hydrogen halides (or hydrohalic acids) are inorganic compounds that contain a hydrogen ion and a halide ion. The halogens are fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Astatine does not make a stable hydrogen halide, so it is not included.

The hydrogen halides are diatomic molecules with no tendency to ionize in the gas phase. Chemists therefore distinguish hydrogen chloride from hydrochloric acid.  The former is a gas at room temperature that reacts with water to give the acid. Once the acid has formed, the diatomic molecule can not easily be regenerated.

Hydrogen compounds
Hydrogen bromide is a chemical compound. It dissolves in water to produce hydrobromic acid. Its chemical formula is HBr. It is a stinky colorless gas. It is used to make other bromides. It is made by reacting hot hydrogen and bromine with a catalyst. It can be made by reacting bromides with non-oxidizing acids, such as phosphoric acid. Bromine can be reduced by phosphorous acid to make hydrogen bromide.

Related pages
Hydrogen iodide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen fluoride

Bromine compounds
Seal script (Chinese: Simplified: 篆书 ;Traditional: 篆書; pinyin: zhuànshū) is an ancient style of Chinese calligraphy.

Books

 Chén Zhāoróng (陳昭容) Research on the Qín (Ch'in) Lineage of Writing: An Examination from the Perspective of the History of Chinese Writing (秦系文字研究﹕从漢字史的角度考察) (2003). Academia Sinica, Institute of History and Philology Monograph (中央研究院歷史語言研究所專刊). . (in Chinese)
 Qiú Xīguī (裘錫圭) Chinese Writing (2000). Translation of 文字學概要 by Gilbert L. Mattos and Jerry Norman. Early China Special Monograph Series No. 4. Berkeley: The Society for the Study of  Early China and the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley. .

Other websites

 Script translation
 Richard Sears on seal script

Writing systems
Chinese language
The clerical script (; pinyin: lìshū; Japanese: 隷書体, Reishotai;) is an archaic style of Chinese calligraphy.

Other websites

Writing systems
Chinese language
A royal charter is a legal document issued by the monarchy which gives certain rights to an organization.

When an organization, for example: a university, is founded there has to be an official document which lists the basic laws (the constitution) of the organization. If this document is given to the organization by the king or queen it is called a Royal charter.

In Europe Royal charters have been used to create towns ever since the Middle Ages. The date when the charter was made is thought of as the date when the town was founded (started), even if there had been people living there many years before.

Many groups such as the British East India Company were formed by Royal charter. Most British university operate under Royal Charters. This gives them the right to give degrees to the students at the end of their studies. 

The BBC operates under a Royal Charter which lasts for a limited period of ten years, after which it is renewed.

Charities may also have Royal charters. They do not need to have one, but they are likely to be more successful if they have a Royal charter.

Law
Monarchy
Documents
Sir George Grove (born Clapham in South London, 13 August 1820; died Sydenham on 28 May 1900) was an English engineer and musician.  

He wrote books about classical composers and is particularly famous for his big musical dictionary Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians. This dictionary continued to be updated and published after his death. It has now gone through seven editions. The latest edition is available online.

Life

George Grove was born in Clapham in South London. His father sold fish. His mother was into musicals. He learned to be an engineer and was sent out to Jamaica to help to build a lighthouse.  

He worked on the building of the Britannia tubular bridge over the Menai Strait.  He married the daughter of a clergyman. He became secretary of the Society of Arts and he wrote many articles for a Dictionary of the Bible.  He spent seven years doing this.  It gave him the idea of doing something similar for music.

Grove went to many concerts. He bought sheet music and studied it. He wrote programme notes for concerts, writing about the music that was being played.  He wrote about a lot of music by Beethoven, Schubert, Mendelssohn and Schumann.

Career 
He wrote detailed essays about the symphonies of Beethoven and was a good friend of Clara Schumann.  He travelled with the composer Arthur Sullivan to Vienna where he met many great musicians including Brahms and discovered some music by Schubert that had been forgotten.   He spent several years writing his Dictionary of Music which was published in four volumes.

Grove worked very hard to get enough money to found the Royal College of Music which was opened in 1883 by the Prince of Wales.  Grove got many great musicians to come and teach there, including the world-famous singer Jenny Lind who was already retired, and Hubert Parry, Charles Villiers Stanford and others.  

The prime minister William Gladstone gave him a knighthood for what he had done for music.  The new students included many who were to become famous.  

These include Hamish MacCunn and Charles Wood.  He became very fond of the student Edith Oldham and had an emotional attachment to her for the rest of his life.  His wife was not interested in his work.  He called his students his "children" and persuaded them to have a broad education.  

He wanted them to read a lot.  He was director of the RCM for eleven years, retiring in 1894, just after the RCM moved into a new building which is situated on the south side of the Royal Albert Hall.  The RCM is still there today.

George Grove was a very influential man for English music.  Although he was not trained as a musician he became extremely knowledgeable and was an excellent musicologist. The RCM setup a George Grove Memorial Scholarship in his memory.

References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians ed. Stanley Sadie, 1980; 

Musicologists
1820 births
1900 deaths
Thurston Dart (born 3 September 1921 - died 6 March 1971), was a British musicologist, conductor and keyboard player.  He is particularly remembered for his books in which he wrote about how music from earlier centuries should be performed.

Dart studied keyboard instruments at the Royal College of Music in London from 1938 to 1939, and also studied mathematics at University College, Exeter, graduating in  1942. He became a music lecturer and later professor at the University of Cambridge.  During his time at Cambridge, Dart did a lot of work for the early music revival.  Musicians were becoming interested in playing music from the Baroque, Renaissance and even Middle Ages. He formed such groups as the Early Music Consort of London.  In 1964 he became King Edward Professor of Music in the University of London (King's College).

Thurston Dart played the harpsichord in many concerts and made several gramophone recordings.  He wrote a book The Interpretation of Music (London, 1954), which became very widely read.  He wrote many articles in journals about music.

Dart taught many students, included some who later became famous: the composer Michael Nyman, conductor Sir John Eliot Gardiner and conductor/musicologist Christopher Hogwood.  He was one of the first musicians to make a recording of Bach's Brandenburg Concertos using historical instruments.

1921 births
1971 deaths
Harpsichordists
Musicologists
Huey Long (August 30, 1893 – September 10, 1935) was an American politician.  He was Governor and Senator in Louisiana in the 1930s. As governor he gave out free school books, built new schools, hospitals, roads, and even a new capitol building. He was a critic of big companies and the rich. As Senator, he came up with the idea of "Share Our Wealth" clubs, which promoted wealth redistribution.  Long was very popular among the American people.  

Long was shot dead in 1935, when he was only 42.  At the time, he was saying that Franklin D. Roosevelt's policies did not go far enough. There were rumors Long would run for president. Long was buried on the grounds of the Louisiana Capitol. The movie All the King's Men is based on the life of Huey Long.

His son, Russell would also become a U.S. Senator.

During Long's lifetime, he visited various places in Europe as part of the "Global Reach" projects that he was part of. The most prominent of these visits in the public eye was in Robertsbridge, East Sussex.

1893 births
1935 deaths
American murder victims
American progressives
Deaths by firearm
Governors of Louisiana
Murders by firearm in the United States
United States senators from Louisiana
US Democratic Party politicians
Teapot Dome was a political scandal that took place in 1921 to 1922. The name comes from an oil reserve near Teapot Rock, Wyoming. President Warren G. Harding let the reserve and another reserve in California, be under the control of the Department of the Interior. The Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall, who had taken $100,000 from oil companies, then let oil companies use the land.  The United States Senate looked into the matter and found Fall had committed conspiracy.  It is thought to be one of the biggest political scandals in American history. The scandal caused a large amount of damage to the legacy of former President Harding.

Political consequences

1924 Presidential Election 
In 1924, Democrats tried to use Teapot Dome to their advantage in that year´s presidential election by reminding people about it. The tactic failed and Republicans handily won.

History of Wyoming
Political scandals in the United States
Warren G. Harding
1921 in the United States
1922
20th century in California
An air door or air curtain is a machine used for separating two spaces from each other.  The machine is mainly used at doors into buildings.  The most common setup for air curtains is a downward-facing blower fan placed over an opening.  Normally this opening is an door to a building  The air curtain keeps flying insects out by making turbulence.  It also helps keep outside air out, avoiding cold winds by mixing-in warm air from the air curtain.  The fan must be powerful enough to generate a jet of air that can reach the floor.

Temperature
Heat transfer
''The chemical element is called Phosphorus in English

A phosphor is a chemical compound that emits light when it is exposed to light of a different wavelength (i.e. color). Phosphors do not contain the chemical element Phosphorus, which can be made to glow a different way. This sometimes causes confusion. Phosphors are used in many types of lighting, including fluorescent bulbs where they change the ultraviolet light produced by excited mercury vapor into visible light. 

The chemistry of phosphors varies greatly depending on what the phosphor is to be used for. Phosphors include 'glow in the dark' materials that can be found in novelties, toys, and emergency safety lighting for buildings.  They are used in the screens of older style cathode ray tube televisions to make visible light from an electron beam. They can also be used to visibly detect ionizing radiation. Light-emitting diodes are devices that often use phosphors to obtain a particular color or color temperature.

Related pages
Light bulb
Light
Neon lamp

Light
Lee Beon-Seok (hangul: , October 20 1900 – May 11 1972) was a Korean politician and independence activist. He was South Koreas first National Defense Minister, first Prime Minister, eighth home minister, and Ambassador Embassy of Taiwan.

References 
 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=126195

Other websites 
 Cheulgi Memorial Site

1900 births
1972 deaths
People of the Korean War
Prime Ministers of South Korea
Irreducible Mind: Toward a Psychology for the 21st Century is a 2007 parapsychology book. The book talks about ideas proposed by Frederic William Henry Myers. Irreducible Mind says that the mind is separate from the brain or body. The book says that the mind continues on after death.

The authors come from various fields of psychology, science studies, and psychical research. Lead author Edward F. Kelly is Professor of Research in the Division of Perceptual Studies at the University of Virginia.

Criticism
The book has been criticized for endorsing paranormal claims and pseudoscience. In a review, clinical neurologist Sebastian Dieguez said the book is "painstakingly redundant, astoundingly arrogant in its claims and intents". Dieguez wrote that the authors of Irreducible Mind took reports of paranormal phenomena and wild claims at face value, talked "quantum babble" and formed an ignorant "soul of the gaps" argument.

Related pages
Bruce Greyson
Life After Life

References

Non-fiction books
Parapsychology
Spiritual books
2007 books
Steel Azin Football Club  is an Iranian football club based in Tehran, Iran.

Players

Current squad

First team
As of 20 July 2010

References

Other websites
Official club website 

Iranian football clubs
Tehran
2007 establishments in Asia
2000s establishments in Iran
Persepolis Football Club (, pronounced Perspolis) is an Iranian football club based in Tehran, Iran. While the original name of the club is Persepolis, it is also called Piroozi (meaning victory) in Iran.

References

Iranian football clubs
Tehran
1963 establishments in Asia
1960s establishments in Iran
The Persian Gulf Pro League () formerly known as Iran Pro League (IPL) () is the highest level of professional football in Iran.

Logo

All-time Premier League standings
Since the 2001-2002 season, IPL/Persian Gulf Cup has had nine seasons completed. The table below shows the all-time statistics of all teams attended in the 9 seasons held.

Champions



Related pages
 Persian Gulf
 Iran
 Documents on the Persian Gulf's name

References

Other websites

 Persian Gulf Pro League official website
 Persian Gulf Pro League at Soccerway.com
 List of Iran all-time top scorers at RSSSF

Football in Iran
Football leagues
1970 establishments in Asia
Esteghlal Cultural and Athletic Club  is an Iranian sports club most widely known for its professional football team based in Tehran. It was founded as Taj (), meaning 'Crown' in Persian and renamed after the Islamic Revoloution in 1979.

Esteghlal have been Asian Champions AFC Champions League twice and have also won six National Championship titles. Esteghlal together with Al-Hilal Riadh of Saudi Arabia are the second most successful clubs in Asian Champion's League, after Pohang Steelers of South Korea, with two champions titles and two runner up.

Season-by-season
The table below chronicles the achievements of Esteghlal in various competitions since 1945.

References

Iranian football clubs
Tehran
1945 establishments in Asia
1940s establishments in Iran
Disney Mickey's Magix was a breakfast cereal made by Kellogg's and Disney. The cereal turned the milk in the bowl the color blue and the box had the theme of the "Sorcerer's Apprentice" segment from the movie Fantasia. The cereal had toasted oats with marshmallows.

Other websites 
Kellogg's

Breakfast cereals
Disney
Budweiser Budvar (Czech: Budějovický Budvar) is a brand of beer (and a brewery) that is made in the city of České Budějovice in Southern Bohemia, Czech Republic.

In the European Union they sell it under the name Budweiser Budvar but in the United States and Canada they sell it under the name Czechvar.

Beer
Czech culture
The song thrush (usually thrush, Turdus philomelos) is a member of the passerine songbird family Turdidae. It breeds across much of Eurasia. It is also known in English dialects as  throstle or mavis. The song thrush has brown upperparts and black-spotted cream or buff underparts, and has three recognised subspecies. Its distinctive song, which has repeated musical phrases, has frequently been referred to in poetry.

The song thrush breeds in forests, gardens and parks, and is partially migratory with many birds wintering in southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East; it has also been introduced into New Zealand and Australia. Although it is not threatened globally, there have been serious population declines in parts of Europe, probably due to changes in farming practices.

The thrush builds a neat mud-lined cup nest in a bush or tree and lays four or five dark-spotted blue eggs. It is omnivorous and has the habit of using a favourite stone as an "anvil" on which to smash snails. Like other perching birds (passerines), it is affected by external and internal parasites and is vulnerable to predation by cats and birds of prey.

Breeding and survival 
The female song thrush builds a neat cup-shaped nest lined with mud and dry grass in a bush, tree or creeper, or, in the case of the Hebridean subspecies, on the ground. She lays four or five bright glossy blue eggs which are lightly spotted with black or purple. Two or three broods in a year is normal, although only one may be raised in the north of the range. On average, 54.6% of British juveniles survive the first year of life, and the adult annual survival rate is 62.2%. The typical lifespan is three years, but the maximum recorded age is 10 years 8 months.

The thrush is occasionally a host of parasitic cuckoos, but this is rare because the thrush usually recognizes the cuckoo's eggs. However, the thrush does not act with the same aggression towards the adult cuckoo as does the blackbird. The introduced birds in New Zealand, where the cuckoo does not occur, still have the ability to recognise and reject non-mimetic eggs.

Feeding 
The song thrush is omnivorous, eating a wide range of invertebrates, especially earthworms and snails, as well as soft fruit and berries. Like its relative, the blackbird, the thrush finds prey by sight, has a run-and-stop hunting technique on open ground, and will rummage through leaf-litter seeking food.

Snails are especially important when drought or hard weather makes it difficult to find other food. The thrush often uses a favourite stone as an "anvil" on which to smash the snail before extracting the soft body and invariably wiping it on the ground before eating it. Young birds initially flick objects and attempt to play with them until they learn to use anvils as tools to smash snails. The nestlings are mainly fed on animal food such as worms, slugs, snails and insect larvae.

References 

Thrushes
Ray Adduono (born January 21, 1947 in Fort William, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played 221 games in the World Hockey Association.  He played for the Indianapolis Racers, Cleveland Crusaders, Minnesota Fighting Saints, and San Diego Mariners.

References 

1947 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
People from Thunder Bay
World Hockey Association players
American Hockey League players
Eastern Hockey League players
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a spice, widely used in Asian cooking. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant, in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae.

How it grows 

Turmeric plants are widely grown in tropical areas of India, where over 70,000 acres are cultivated every year. The plant has long leaves, surrounding spikes where small flowers form. However the root, or ‘rhizome’ of the turmeric plant is harvested, in much the same way as ginger.  The turmeric rhizome takes about 10 months to grow before it can be harvested; it is then boiled, cleaned and dried in the sun. Most of the harvested turmeric is ground up and sold in jars for use in cooking, however the fresh root turmeric can also be used.

How it is used 

Turmeric is one of the main ingredients of curry powder, and is used to give it the characteristic yellow colour. It is also delicious added to rice dishes, seafood, and mustards and pickles.  
Turmeric is also more widely used as a colourant for textiles and food products. It is sometimes substituted for saffron as it is much less expensive, but produces the same yellow colour. Turmeric has also been used as an alternative to medicine and can be made into a drink.

References

Zingiberales
Peter George "Pete" Bakovic (born January 31, 1965 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left wing who played briefly in the National Hockey League in the late 1980s for the Vancouver Canucks.

Bakovic played his junior hockey for the Windsor Spitfires of the Ontario Hockey League but was never drafted. After a strong final year of junior, he was signed as a free agent by the Calgary Flames in 1985. A tough player who fought often, Bakovic spent three seasons playing minor pro in the Flames' system without seeing an NHL game. In two years with the Moncton Golden Flames of the AHL, he lead the team in penalty minutes both years, but also posted good offensive totals, notching 54 and 51 points. In his only year with the Salt Lake Golden Eagles, Bakovic posted 43 points in 39 games along with 221 PIM.

Late in the 1987–88 season, he was dealt to the Vancouver Canucks. Vancouver immediately promoted him to their NHL team, and he played 10 games for the Canucks, recording 2 goals and 48 PIM. However, injuries struck the next year and he found himself back in the IHL with the Milwaukee Admirals. Bakovic would play three more seasons in Milwaukee without seeing another NHL game before retiring in 1991.

Following his retirement, Bakovic stayed in Milwaukee and remained with the Admirals organization as an assistant coach until 1998. He continues to live in Milwaukee and coaches high school hockey.

References

1965 births
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
People from Thunder Bay
Vancouver Canucks players
American Hockey League players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Ontario Hockey League players
Chromium(III) sulfate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Cr2(SO4)3. It is a colored compound. It is made by dissolving chromium or chromium(III) oxide in sulfuric acid. It can also be made by reduction of chromates by sulfur dioxide. It turns green when heated. It is used to make leather. Chrome alum was used in the past. It's an irritant.

Related pages
Chromium(III) chloride
Dichromate
Chromium

Sulfur compounds
Chromium compounds
Gustavo Dudamel (born January 26, 1981 in Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan conductor and violinist.  He became famous as the conductor of the Venezuelan youth orchestra Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar.  Today he is the principal conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony in Gothenburg, Sweden, and music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic in Los Angeles, California. Dudamel is also the artistic director of the Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar in Caracas, Venezuela.

Life and career
Dudamel was born in Barquisimeto, Venezuela.  His father played the trombone.  He studied music when he was quite young, and learned the violin when he was ten.  He also studied composition. He became involved with El Sistema, an organization in Venezuela to help children from poorer families to learn musical instruments.  He went to the Jacinto Lara Conservatory and then the Latin-American Violin Academy, learning the violin.

He began to study conducting in 1995.  In 1999, he became music director of the Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar, the national youth orchestra of Venezuela, and toured several countries.

Dudamel won many prizes for conducting. He soon became well-known and conducted the Philharmonia, the Israel Philharmonic, and the Los Angeles Philharmonic.  He signed a recording contract with Deutsche Grammophon.  He conducted Don Giovanni at La Scala, Milan,  in November 2006. On September 10, 2007, he conducted the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra for the first time at the Lucerne Festival. In March 2008, he first conducted the San Francisco Symphony. 

In 2005, Gustavo Dudamel conducted at the BBC Proms when Neeme Järvi was ill.  He became Principal Conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony.  He still conducts the Simón Bolívar National Youth Orchestra

Dudamel first conducted in the  U.S. with the Los Angeles Philharmonic  at the Hollywood Bowl in 2005.   In 2009 he became their Musical Director.

On April 16, 2007, Gustavo Dudamel conducted the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra in a concert to celebrate the 80th birthday of Pope Benedict XVI, with Hilary Hahn as solo violinist.  The Pope was at the concert.

A documentary film Tocar y Luchar was made about Dudamel and El Sistema.

Personal life

Dudamel is married to Eloísa Maturén, a Venezuelan ballet dancer and journalist.

Other websites
Gustavo Dudamel official website

1981 births
Living people
Conductors
William James (1842–1910) was an American psychologist and philosopher. He was an original thinker in physiology, psychology and philosophy. His major work was a twelve-hundred page book which gave us such ideas as the "stream of thought". William was the brother of the novelist Henry James.

Epistemology
James was a pragmatist. He defined true beliefs as those that prove useful to the believer.  Truth is verifiable (can be tested) when thoughts and statements correspond with actual things, and also "hang together," or cohere, as pieces of a puzzle might fit together. These 'truths' are confirmed by the observed results putting them into practice.p427

"The most ancient parts of truth... once were plastic. They were called true for human reasons... Purely objective truth..., is nowhere to be found... The reasons why we call things true is the reason why they are true, for 'to be true' means only to perform this marriage-function." he wrote. The "marriage-function" is "marrying previous parts of experience with newer parts".p83

James held a world view in line with pragmatism, declaring that the value of any truth depended on its use to the person who held it. The world is a mosaic of diverse experiences that can only be understood through "radical empiricism". Radical empiricism, not related to the everyday scientific empiricism, asserts that the world and experience can never be halted for an entirely objective analysis. The mind of the observer and simple act of observation will affect the outcome of any empirical approach to truth. The mind, its experiences and nature, cannot be separated. James's emphasis on diversity as the default human condition has kept a strong influence in American culture, especially among liberals. James's description of the mind-world connection, which he described as a "stream of consciousness", had a direct and significant effect on avant-garde and modernist literature and art.

In What pragmatism means, James writes that the central point of his own doctrine of truth is, in brief, that "Truths emerge from facts, but they dip forward into facts again and add to them; which facts again create or reveal new truth (the word is indifferent) and so on indefinitely. The 'facts' themselves meanwhile are not true. They simply <u/l>are</u/l>. Truth is the function of the beliefs that start and terminate among them".

References

1842 births
1910 deaths
American philosophers
American psychologists
Writers from New York City
Shawn Horcoff (born September 17, 1978 in Trail, British Columbia, Canada) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He played for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL) and is the captain of the team. He also played for the Dallas Stars and Anaheim Ducks.

Horcoff played college hockey at Michigan State University where he drafted by the Edmonton Oilers in the 1998 NHL Draft.

Brouwer also played in the AHL with the Hamilton Bulldogs and also played in the Swedish Elite League with the Mora IK team.

Other websites

1978 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Edmonton Oilers players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Living people
Swedish Hockey League players
Daniel Hamhuis (born December 13, 1982 in Smithers, British Columbia, Canada) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defencemen. He currently plays for the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Hamhuis formerly played for the Vancouver Canucks for 6 seasons.

Hamhuis played in the WHL for the Prince George Cougars for 4 seasons and played for the Milwaukee Admirals in the AHL.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Other websites

1982 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Dallas Stars players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Living people
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Nashville Predators players
Prince George Cougars players
Vancouver Canucks players
Valtteri Filppula (born March 20, 1984) is a Finnish professional ice hockey centre and left winger. He currently plays for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played in the NHL for the Detroit Red Wings and for Jokerit of the SM-liiga. His brother Ilari Filppula plays hockey for HC CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Filppula played two seasons with Jokerit of the SM-liiga. He was drafted with the 95th overall by the Detroit Red Wings in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. Filppula won the Stanley Cup with the Detroit Red Wings in 2008 when they beat the Pittsburgh Penguins 4 games to 2.

On July 5, 2013, he signed a five-year, $25 million contract with the Tampa Bay Lightning.

Filppula won a bronze medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics with team Finland.

References

Other websites

1984 births
American Hockey League players
Detroit Red Wings players
Finnish ice hockey players
Living people
Olympic bronze medalists
Stanley Cup champions
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Vantaa
Ice hockey centres
Foolad Khuzestan Football Club  is an Iranian football club, based in Ahvaz, Khuzestan.

Season-by-season

The table below chronicles the achievements of Foolad in various competitions since 1997.

* Azadegan League.

** Iran Pro League.

Other websites
 Foolad F.C. Official Website

Iranian football clubs
1973 establishments in Asia
1970s establishments in Iran
Sepahan Esfahan  is an Iranian football club based in Isfahan, Iran. Sepahan is the last champion of the IPL in 2009-10 season.

Club honours
 Iran Pro League
Winners (2): 2002-03, 2009-10
Runner Up (1): 2007-08

Hazfi Cup
Winners (3): 2003-04, 2005-06, 2006-07

Asian Champions League 
Runner Up (1): 2007

Individual Honours 
Top Goal Scorer in the Iranian Premier League

  2002-03 :  Edmond Bezik - 13 Goals

2009-10 :  Emad Mohammed Ridha - 19 Goals

Sister clubs
The following list of clubs are affiliated with Sepahan:
  Internazionale
  Kawasaki Frontale 
  Al Arabi Kuwait
  Jonac FC
  Sharjah FC
  Al-Minaa
  Adanaspor
  Fenerbahçe S.K.
  Al Ahed

References

Iranian football clubs
1953 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in Iran
Hurricane Diana struck Mexico in August of 1990 Atlantic hurricane season. Although the hurricane had winds speeding at only 100 miles an hour, the storm still killed more than 130 people. This hurricane also caused more than $100 million in damage (1990 USD). The name Diana was later retired in Spring of 1991 and then replaced by Dolly.

Related pages
Hurricane
1990

Hurricanes in Mexico
Hurricane Erin struck Florida twice: the eastern side and the Panhandle Region in the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm also struck Alabama. It was not a very severe storm, though the damage caused by Erin was over $700 million. Despite the damage, the name Erin did not get retired.

Hurricanes in the United States
Hurricanes in Florida
1995 Atlantic hurricane season
1990s in Alabama
1995 in Florida
Tropical Storm Alberto was a catastrophic storm in the 1994 Atlantic hurricane season. The cyclone was responsible for between 22 and 38 deaths and between $500 million and $1 billion in destruction (1994 USD). The storm struck Northwest Florida, southwest Georgia and Alabama. In spite of the destruction, the name Alberto was not retired.

Hurricanes in the United States
1994 Atlantic hurricane season
1994 in the United States
1990s in Florida
1990s in Georgia (U.S. state)
1990s in Alabama
Zob Ahan Football Club  is an Iranian football club based in Esfahan, Iran.

Season-by-season
The table below chronicles the achievements of Zob Ahan since 1973.

* Relegated.

** Promoted.

Iranian football clubs
1969 establishments in Asia
1960s establishments in Iran
Paykan Football Club , is a football team based in Qazvin, Iran.

Current management team

Players

First-team squad	
as of August 16 2010
 

Iranian football clubs
1967 establishments in Asia
1960s establishments in Iran
This is a list of Nick Jr.'s original series, Team Umizoomi episodes. Team Umizoomi is an animated mystery fantasy musical series with a focus on preschool mathematics. It has been made available on iTunes. It first broadcast on January 25, 2010.

The episode list is in broadcast order.

Overview

Episodes

Season 1: 2010

References

Lists of animated television series episodes