cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Cape Columbia is the northernmost point of land of Canada. It is on Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut. It marks the westernmost coastal point of Lincoln Sea in the Arctic Ocean. It is only 769 kilometers (478 miles) from the North Pole.

Geography of Canada
Jan Nolten (20 January 1930 – 13 July 2014) was a Dutch professional road bicycle racer. Nolten rode in five Tours de France, and won two stages.

Death
Nolten was hospitalized in July 2014 after suffering a brain hemorrhage and died three days later.

Palmarès 

 1952
 Tour de France:
 Winner stage 12
 1953
 Tour de France:
 Winner stage 8
 1956
 Giro d'Italia:
 Winner stage 12

References

Other websites 
Official Tour de France results for Jan Nolten

1930 births
2014 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the Netherlands
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Dutch cyclists
People from Sittard-Geleen
Sportspeople from Limburg (Netherlands)
Lorin Varencove Maazel (March 6, 1930 – July 13, 2014) was an American conductor, violinist and composer.

Early life 
Maazel was born to Jewish American parents of Russian origin in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. His father, Lincoln Maazel, was also a conductor.

Career 
In 1960, Maazel became the first American to conduct at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus. He was chief conductor of the Deutsche Oper Berlin from 1965 to 1971 and the Radio-Symphonie-Orchester (RSO) Berlin from 1964 to 1975.

Death 
He died aged 84 on July 13, 2014, his Castleton Farms estate in Virginia, from complications of pneumonia.

References

1930 births
2014 deaths
American composers
American conductors
American violinists
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
Jewish American musicians
Musicians from Ile-de-France
Musicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Emil Bobu (22 February 1927 – 12 July 2014) was a Romanian Communist activist and politician. He was Interior Minister from 1973 to 1975. He was Labor Minister from 1979 to 1981. He was an influential figure in the later years of the Communist regime until his downfall during the 1989 Revolution.

Bobu died on 12 July 2014 at University Emergency Hospital Bucharest from a heart attack.

References

1927 births
2014 deaths
Activists
Civil servants
Communist politicians
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Government ministers
Murderers
Prisoners
Romanian politicians
David "Dave" Legeno (12 October 1963 – 6 July 2014) was an English actor, boxer, and mixed martial artist. He was best known for his role as the werewolf Fenrir Greyback in three Harry Potter movies; Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009), Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010) and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). He also had roles in Batman Begins (2005), Stormbreaker (2006) and Snow White and the Huntsman (2012).

Legeno was born in Marylebone, London. He lived with his daughter, Wendy, in England.

Legeno was found dead by hikers on 6 July 2014. He was hiking at the Death Valley National Park in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California. His cause of death was heat stroke. He was 50.

References

Other websites
 

1963 births
2014 deaths
Actors from London
British boxers
English movie actors
English television actors
Mixed martial artists
Sportspeople from London
Luiz Alberto Dias Menezes (5 October 1950 – 9 July 2014) was a Brazilian geologist, mineralogist and mineral dealer. He collected the material which was used in the discovery of the mineral menezesite, which was named in his honor. He was born in São Paulo.

Menezes died on 9 July 2014 in São Paulo, aged 63.

References

Other websites
  

1950 births
2014 deaths
Geologists
People from São Paulo
Brazilian scientists
The Fitzgerald Theater is the oldest active theatre in Saint Paul, Minnesota. It is the home of American Public Media's A Prairie Home Companion.  The theater is owned by Minnesota Public Radio. The Fitzgerald was also the location for the 2006 film of the same name.

History 

It was built in 1910 at a cost of $165,000. It had a sandstone front and was of concrete and steel construction. The theatre had several very modern features for its time. It had 2,000 electric light bulbs. The stage could be lowered and raised by two feet. It had 16 dressing rooms and a side entrance for those arriving in automobiles. It was one of many theaters built by the Shubert Theatre Corporation. It was originally named the Sam S. Shubert Theater. The theatre was designed by the noted Chicago architectural firm of Marshall and Fox.

By 1933 it had fallen on hard times. Even the Broadway shows that played there could not make it profitable. That same year it was remodeled in the Art Deco style and renamed the World Theatre. It became a movie theatre and specialized in showing foreign films. By 1978 it was scheduled to be torn down. Minnesota Public Radio was looking for a new home for one of it's programs, A Prairie Home Companion. They were able to lease the theatre for a very reasonable price. It was  placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 as the Sam S. Shubert Theatre and Shubert Building. In 1985 it was decided the building was unsafe and was in danger of closing permanently. After raising nearly two million dollars, the building was once again renovated. In 1994 it was renamed after St. Paul native F. Scott Fitzgerald.

Movie location 
 
In 2005, the theater was used for filming the movie A Prairie Home Companion, directed by Robert Altman. Garrison Keillor, the star of the radio show also starred in the movie. He was instrumental in getting Hollywood stars such as Meryl Streep and Lily Tomlin for the movie.

The movie was shot digitally which allowed the cast and crew to fit into the small building. Even the theatre's basement was used for movie sets. With all the actors, technicians, electricians and carpenters squeezed into a small space, it was "as crowded as an ant farm". A Hollywood-style premiere was held at the Fitzgerald on 3 May 2006. A parade led from Rice Park to the theatre and the red carpet was laid out for the stars who arrived in white horse-drawn carriages.

References

Other websites 

The Fitzgerald Theater
MPR: Coleman, Mondale debate

1910 establishments in the United States
Theatres in the United States
20th-century establishments in Minnesota
Typhoon Rammasun (known in the Philippines as Typhoon Glenda) was a 2014 Pacific Ocean typhoon. It affected Guam. It was expected to come to the Philippines, Taiwan, eastern China and Vietnam.

As of July 18, the storm's winds were .

Storm notices and warnings were activated from the Philippines to Vietnam and China. The Philippine threat from this typhoon was especially strong.

Impact
As of July 18, the typhoon had killed 38 people in the Philippines.

References
 

Pacific typhoons
2014 in weather
History of Guam
Krombacher Brauerei is one of the largest private owned breweries in Germany and the best selling German beer in 2015. Their headquarters are in Kreuztal, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

References

Other websites 
Krombacher Official Page

Companies of Germany
Beer
North Rhine-Westphalia
Kreuztal is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. As of 2012, 30,827 people live there.

History 

The first documents about the area go back to 1067. The town began to develop in 1861 after the Ruhr-Sieg railroad was made, making Kreuztal a railroad hub at that time. The town of Kreuztal was made on 1 January 1969.

Other websites 

 

Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Siegen-Wittgenstein Rural District
C.D. Lugo is a football club which plays in Spain.

League position 

Spanish football clubs
Greenville is the county seat of Pitt County, North Carolina, in the eastern part of the state. It is on Tar River. In 2010, it had 84,554 people.

Cities in North Carolina
County seats in North Carolina
Albany is a city, in and the county seat of Dougherty County, Georgia, United States, in the southwestern part of the state. The population was 77,434 at the 2010 U.S. Census, making it the eighth-largest city in Georgia.

Legendary singer Ray Charles was born in Albany in 1930.

References

Further reading
 Carolyn Clive, Frances Davis, and Tom Liner, eds., Glancing Backward: Albany, Georgia, 1836–1986 (Albany, Ga.: Dougherty County School System and Sesquicentennial Publication Committee, 1986).
 Lee W. Formwalt, "A Garden of Irony and Diversity," in The New Georgia Guide (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996).
 Joseph Winthrop Holley, You Can't Build a Chimney from the Top: The South through the Life of a Negro Educator (New York: William-Frederick Press, 1948).
 Thronateeska Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, History and Reminiscences of Dougherty County, Georgia (1924; reprint, Spartanburg, S.C.: Reprint Co., 1978).
 Works Progress Administration, Historical Background of Dougherty County, 1836–1940 (Atlanta: Cherokee, 1981).

Other websites
 South Georgia Historic Newspapers Archive Digital Library of Georgia
 Old U.S. Post Office and Courthouse 

 
County seats in Georgia
1838 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Oral rehydration therapy is a treatment for dehydration: the sick person drinks water mixed with sugar and salt. They don't stop eating food. There is a mixture that is used for severe dehydration: This mixture also includes zinc. Those who take care of the sick person are taught how they can see it if the dehydration gets worse. The World Health Organization and UNICEF specify indications, preparations and procedures for ORT.

The therapy was developed in the second half of the 20th century. It has helped lower the number of human deaths from dehydration in vomiting and diarrheal illnesses, especially in cholera epidemics occurring in children. It is sign for public health getting better all over the world. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.

Before ORT was used often, most of the children who died in developing nations, died from diarrhea. Between 1980 and 2006, the introduction of ORT is thought to have lowered the number of young children who died anywhere in the world from 5 to 3 million every year. However, in 2008, diarrhea is still the second most common cause of death in children under five years (17 percent), (after pneumonia (19 percent)). Moreover, by the same year, the use of ORT in children under five had declined.

Preparation 

WHO and UNICEF developed official guidelines for how to make ORS. Depending on what materials are available, they propose different alternative preparations. Commercial preparations are available as either pre-prepared fluids or packets of oral rehydration salts (ORS) ready for mixing with the fluid.

WHO/UNICEF's formula is  salt (NaCal),  trisodium citrate dihydrate ,  KCl,  anhydrous glucose () per litre of fluid. 

A basic oral rehydration therapy solution is composed of salt, sugar, and water in solution, made using a standard ratio and is appropriate for use in situations when ORS must be prepared without the standard ingredients. 

 30 ml sugar : 2.5 ml salt : 1 liter fluid
 6 teaspoons (tsp). sugar : 0.5 tsp. salt : 1 quart fluid

The Rehydration Project says that making it a bit too thin (using more than 1 liter of fluid) is not bad for the sick person.   

The best fluid is plain, clean water. However, fluids such as rice water, coconut water, vegetable broth, yogurt, weak unsweetened tea, unsweetened fresh fruit juice or even non-drinking water are recommended when plain, clean water is unavailable. Water can be made safe with chlorine, or by boiling it. However, ORS should still be given even if the water is maybe unsafe. Rehydration is more important. 

The molar ratio of sugar to salt should be 1:1 and the solution should not be hyperosmolar. The Mayo clinic suggests half a teaspoon of salt, six level teaspoons of sugar and  water. The British Columbia health service suggests 1 part fruit juice without sugar, mixed with 4 parts water.

References

Public health
Donald Eugene "Don" Lenhardt (October 4, 1922 – July 9, 2014), nicknamed "Footsie", was an American baseballer. He was an outfielder, first baseman, third baseman, scout and coach in Major League Baseball. He played for the St. Louis Browns, the Chicago White Sox, the Boston Red Sox and the Detroit Tigers between 1950 and 1954.

Lenhardt was born in Alton, Illinois. He was nicknamed "Footsie" by teammates because he often had a hard time finding shoes that fit him right.

Lenhardt died on July 9, 2014 in Chesterfield, Missouri, aged 91.

References

Other websites
 Don Lenhardt at Baseball-Reference

1922 births
2014 deaths
American baseball players
Baltimore Orioles players
Baseball coaches
Boston Red Sox players
Chicago White Sox players
Detroit Tigers players
People from Alton, Illinois
Sportspeople from Illinois
Kenneth James Gray (November 14, 1924 – July 12, 2014) was an Americans politician, businessman and auctioneer. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a U.S. Representative from Illinois's 25th, 21st, 24th and 22nd congressional districts. He served as a Representative between 1955 to 1974 and 1985 to 1989.

Gray was born in West Frankfort, Illinois. He was a World War II veteran and got five medals for his service.

Gray died on July 12, 2014 in Herrin, Illinois, aged 89.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2014 deaths
Businesspeople from Illinois
Military people from Illinois
United States representatives from Illinois
US Democratic Party politicians
The Honourable Peter George Underwood  (10 October 1937 – 7 July 2014) was an Australian jurist and politician. He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Tasmania from 2004 to 2008. He was a judge of that court since 1984. He was the Governor of Tasmania from 2008 until his death in 2014. He replaced William Cox.

Underwood was born in the United Kingdom. He moved to Australia in 1950 at the age of 13. He served in the Royal Australian Navy and graduated from the University of Tasmania in 1960.

Underwood had a tumour removed from his kidney in early June 2014. However, he had a setback after coming back to office. He died from kidney cancer on 7 July 2014 in Hobart. He was 76.

References

Other websites
 Peter Underwood  at the Supreme Court of Tasmania

1937 births
2014 deaths
Australian judges
Australian lawyers
Cancer deaths in Australia
Deaths from kidney cancer
Governors of Tasmania
Lois Johnson Scoggins (May 15, 1942 – July 7, 2014) was an American country music singer. She recorded for the record labels Columbia, MGM, 20th Century, Polydor between 1969 and 1978. She charted twenty singles on the Hot Country Songs charts. Her song "Loving You Will Never Grow Old" reached No. 6 in 1975. She toured with Hank Williams, Jr. between 1970 and 1973.

Johnson was born in Union County, Tennessee. She was raised in Maynardville, Tennessee.

Johnson died after a long illness on July 7, 2014 in Nashville, Tennessee, aged 72.

References

Other websites
 

1942 births
2014 deaths
Country musicians from Tennessee
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Singers from Tennessee
Robert Cameron Broomfield (June 18, 1933 – July 10, 2014) was an American judge. He was a member of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona. President Ronald Reagan nominated him on May 15, 1985 and he was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 10, 1985. He served as chief judge from 1994 to 1999 and as a senior judge until his death.

Broomfield was born in Detroit, Michigan. He went to both the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Arizona College of Law.

Broomfield died from cancer on July 10, 2014 in Phoenix, Arizona, aged 81.

References

Other websites

1933 births
2014 deaths
American judges
American military people
Cancer deaths in the United States
Politicians from Detroit, Michigan
Politicians from Phoenix, Arizona
Nancy Astor, Vicountess Astor CH (Nancy Witcher Langhorne Astor, 19 May 1879  2 May 1964) was an American-born English politician and socialite.

She was the first woman to sit as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons. Her second husband was Waldorf Astor.

England 

She was once asked by an English woman, "Have you come to get our husbands?"  Her reply, "If you knew the trouble I had getting rid of mine....." charmed her listeners and displayed the wit which later became famous.

Her second husband, Waldorf Astor, was born in the United States but the family to England when Waldorf was twelve. The couple were well matched from the start. Not only were they both American expatriates with similar temperaments, but they were of the same age, being born on the same day, 19 May 1879.

After marrying Waldorf, Nancy moved into Cliveden, a lavish estate in Buckinghamshire on the River Thames. It was a wedding gift from Astor's father, She became a prominent hostess for the social elite. The Astors also owned a grand London house, No. 4 St. James's Square, which is now the premises of the Naval & Military Club.

A blue plaque unveiled in 1987 commemorates Astor at St. James's Square. Through her many social connections, Lady Astor became involved in a political circle which advocated unity and equality among English-speaking people and support for British imperialism.

References 

1879 births
1964 deaths
British Christians
Christian Scientists
Former Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Politicians from Virginia
Women politicians
Temptation of Wife is a Philippine television drama series. It is broadcast by GMA Network.

Synopsis
Angeline and Heidi share a deep bond of friendship ever since Heidi was orphaned and was taken under the custody of Angeline's parents, Abner and Minda. Angeline grows up responsible and compassionate while Heidi, fueled by ambition and envy, secretly detests Angeline and always feels inferior next to her.
 
Many boys are attracted to Angeline but she falls in love with Marcel. It doesn't take long before Angeline becomes pregnant and gives up on her dreams of becoming a nurse in order to marry Marcel.
 
Although their marriage is void of happiness, Angeline tries to be an excellent wife to her husband, and takes good care of her in-laws, Romeo and Stella. However, she soon learns that the life she chose is full of lies and betrayals. Adding to her woes is her unexpected miscarriage. She soon discovers that Marcel is cheating on her and shocked to learn of Heidi’s treachery. Angeline is devastated by the thought of being betrayed by the two people closest to her heart.
 
Marcel decides to end his affair with Heidi but Heidi is already pregnant with his child. He chooses to live with her as Angeline is forced to go back and stay with her parents. But Angeline finds out that she, too, is pregnant with Marcel's child.
 
Heidi then tries to get rid of that child but ends up drowning Angeline herself by accident. But by a twist of fate, Angeline survives and is back for revenge. She assumes the identity of another woman and seeks out vengeance against Marcel and Heidi. Now, it's time for pay back and Angeline will do everything to taste the bittersweet part of her revenge.

References

2012 television series debuts
Philippine television series
2010s establishments in the Philippines
Gert Voss (10 October 1941 – 13 July 2014) was a German actor. He was known for his roles in Der Kopf des Mohren (1995), Doktor Knock (1996) and Ritter, Dene, Voss (1987). He was born in Shanghai, China.

Voss died in Vienna, Austria from leukemia, aged 72.

References

Other websites
 

1941 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
Disease-related deaths in Austria 
German movie actors
German television actors
Actors from Shanghai
Alberto Cassano (23 January 1935 – 12 July 2014) was an Argentine engineer and academic. He was a professor at the Universidad Nacional del Litoral during most of his career. He founded the program CONICET. He founded INTEC and CERIDE.

Cassano died in Santa Fe Province from a long illness, aged 79.

References

1935 births
2014 deaths
Argentine academics
Argentine scientists
Disease-related deaths in Argentina
Argentine engineers
People from Buenos Aires
James MacGregor Burns (August 3, 1918 – July 15, 2014) was an American historian and political scientist, presidential biographer, and authority on leadership studies. He was the Woodrow Wilson Professor of Government Emeritus at Williams College and Distinguished Leadership Scholar at the James MacGregor Burns Academy of Leadership of the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park. He was notable for writing books about Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Burns was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was raised in Burlington, Massachusetts. Burns studied at Lexington High School in Lexington, Massachusetts and at Williams College.

In 1971, Burns received the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award in History and Biography for his work on America's 32nd president, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom.

Burns died in Williamstown, Massachusetts on July 15, 2014, aged 95.

Books
Government by the People (textbook, 21 editions) (Prentice-Hall, 1952–present). 
Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox (Harcourt, Brace, 1956).
John Kennedy: A Political Profile (Harcourt, Brace, 1960).
The Deadlock of Democracy: Four-Party Politics in America (Prentice Hall, 1963).
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970) ().
The Three Roosevelts: Patrician Leaders Who Transformed America, with Susan Dunn (Atlantic Monthly Press, 2001) ().
Packing the Court: The Rise of Judicial Power and the Coming Crisis of the Supreme Court (Penguin Press, 2009) ().
Fire and Light: How the Enlightenment Transformed Our World (St. Martin's Press, 2013) ().

References

Other websites
Academy of Leadership
University of Maryland's James MacGregor Burns Academy of Leadership 

Pulitzer Prize winners
1918 births
2014 deaths
American historians
Educators from Boston, Massachusetts
American political scientists
Writers from Boston, Massachusetts
Scientists from Boston, Massachusetts
Maria Evangelina "Vange" Leonel Gandolfo (May 4, 1963 – July 14, 2014) was a Brazilian singer-songwriter, journalist, novelist, playwright, feminist and LGBT activist. She was famous for her work with the now-defunct post-punk band Nau.

On July 14, 2014, Vange died after a long struggle with ovarian cancer. Her body was cremated one day later.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1963 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from ovarian cancer
Brazilian singer-songwriters
Brazilian writers
Brazilian activists
Brazilian journalists
People from São Paulo
Robert A. "Bob" Roe (February 28, 1924 – July 15, 2014) was an American Democratic Party politician. He represented New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives for over twenty-three years. He served from November 4, 1969 to January 3, 1993. He was also Mayor of Wayne, New Jersey.

Roe died at the age of 90 on July 15, 2014.

References

1924 births
2014 deaths
American mayors
United States representatives from New Jersey
US Democratic Party politicians
Jean-Baptiste-Gabriel-Joachim Dausset (October 19, 1916 – June 6, 2009) was a French immunologist.

Dausset won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1978. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1980 for his "discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions". He shared the prize with Baruj Benacerraf and George Davis Snell.

Life
He was born on October 19, 1916 in Toulouse, France to Henri Dausset and Elisabeth Dausset (born Renard). Dausset was the youngest of four children. His father was a doctor from Pyrenees and his mother was a housewife from Lorraine. After World War I ended, the family moved to Biarritz where Jean would spend most of his childhood. His father worked at the Bayonne Hospital where he was a head doctor. Seeing this made a great impression on Jean. Jean was home schooled by his mother and a tutor who would come to the house. When Jean turned 11, his family moved to Paris and he began formal schooling at the Lycée Michel when he turned 15. After he was able to earn his baccalaureate in mathematics, he decided to study medicine at the University of Paris after being convinced by his father. Right after he became an extern at the Paris Hospitals when he turned 19, his parents both died. He was unable to pass his internship entrance exam at the Paris Hospitals on his first attempt. He was about to prepare for a second attempt but then World War II started. Dausset was sent off to Northern Italy for a year after he was enlisted in the French Army. After he spent a year there, he returned to Paris, studied and passed his medical internship exam. Soon after passing his exams, Dausset joined the Free French Forces in North Africa as an ambulance worker. He was first stationed in Morocco but was then moved to be stationed in the more active Tunisia. He got his first taste of hematology when he had to perform multiple blood transfusions on the wounded soldiers. When the war was winding down in 1944, Dausset decided to return to Paris and work in the Regional Blood Transfusion Center at the Saint-Antoine Hospital.

References

1916 births
2009 deaths
French Nobel Prize winners
French physicians
French immunologists
People from Toulouse
Wolf Prize winners
Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh was assassinated by Mohammed Bouyeri in Amsterdam East, Netherlands. He was murdered in broad daylight. Van Gogh's last words, according to eyewitnesses, were "Mercy mercy! We can talk about this!"

Assailant
The murderer Mohammed Bouyeri an Islamic extremist killed van Gogh.  The reason for murdering Gogh was to oppose the controversial film which criticised Islam Submission. Bouyeri shot and stabbed van Gogh, then cut his throat. Finally the killer attached a 5 page letter to van Gogh's chest with a knife. Bouyeri was chased by Dutch police after shooting a bullet into Bouyeri's leg. Bouyeri was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment without parole. Bouyeri stated, he doesn't have any regret for killing van Gogh. He termed the assassination as Jihad.

Van Gogh's funeral
Van Gogh was buried in Amsterdam on 9 November, 2004. Van Gogh's son claimed that many assassination attempts were made but van Gogh refused to take police protection.

Hirsi's hiding
Sooner after van Gogh's assassination, Ayaan Hirsi Ali and Geert Wilders went into hiding. This is because Bouyeri made death threats against Hirsi as the writer of the film.

Memorial (The Scream)

On 18 March 2007, a sculpture honoring van Gogh, entitled De Schreeuw ("The Scream"), was unveiled in Amsterdam. It is located in the Oosterpark, a short distance from where van Gogh was murdered.

References

Other websites 
 Theo van Gogh memorial defaced with black marker
 Full text of speech by Hans Teeuwen

2004 in Europe
2000s in the Netherlands
History of Amsterdam
Van Gogh, Theo
Islamic terrorist incidents in Europe
Murder in 2004
Murders by firearm in Europe
November events
Bernard Bailyn (9 September 1922 – 7 August 2020) was an American historian, author, and professor specializing in U.S. Colonial and Revolutionary-era History. He was a professor at Harvard University from 1953 until his death. Bailyn won the Pulitzer Prize for History twice (in 1968 and 1987). 

In 1998 the National Endowment for the Humanities selected him for the Jefferson Lecture. He was a recipient of the 2010 National Humanities Medal.

Bailyn died of heart failure at his home in Belmont, Massachusetts on August 7, 2020 at the age of 97.

References

Other websites
"To Begin the World Anew"-Politics and the Creative Imagination  Jefferson Lecture for the National Endowment for the Humanities
Bernard Bailyn: An Appreciation 
Considering the Slave Trade: History and Memory
History News Network 
Booknotes interview with Bailyn on To Begin the World Anew, March 23, 2003. 
"Into the Wilderness: ‘The Barbarous Years,’ by Bernard Bailyn", Charles C. Mann, The New York Times, 4 January 2013

Pulitzer Prize winners
1922 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American historians
Educators from Hartford, Connecticut
Writers from Hartford, Connecticut
The City of Orange is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 30,134.

References

Other websites
 City of Orange Township website
 Orange Board of Education
 Data for the Orange Board of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
 Citizens for Responsible Government website  

Townships in New Jersey
"Paul is dead" is an urban legend and conspiracy theory suggesting that Paul McCartney of the English rock band the Beatles died in 1966 and was secretly replaced by a look-alike.

In September 1969, American college students published articles claiming that clues to McCartney's supposed death could be found among the lyrics and artwork of the Beatles' recordings. Rumours declined after a contemporary interview with McCartney was published in Life magazine in November 1969.

Popular culture continues to make occasional reference to the legend, and McCartney poked fun at it with a 1993 live album titled Paul Is Live, whose cover parodied "clues" allegedly on the cover of the Beatles' Abbey Road album.

The evidence
The legend is based on a range of ideas. One theory says that facial recognition proves that a different person "became" Paul after 1966. The Abbey Road cover clues include:
 The Beatles walking across the road look like a funeral procession
 John Lennon dressed in white is the preacher
 Ringo Starr dressed in black is the undertaker
 George Harrison is dressed in work clothes is a grave digger.
 Paul is out of step with the others
 Paul is barefoot
 Paul is smoking a cigarette, sometimes called a "coffin nail"
 Paul is holding the cigarette in his right hand, even though he was left handed
 A car number plate "LMW 28IF" means that he would be 28 had he lived
 The LMW means Lady McCartney Weeps (not Linda McCartney Weeps, because if Paul died in 1966, the real Paul would have never met Linda)

References

Conspiracy theories
Paul McCartney
The City of La Junta is a city that is the county seat and the most populous city of Otero County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 7,568 at the U.S. Census 2000.

Cities in Colorado
County seats in Colorado
Victoria Peak (, or previously Chinese: ) is a mountain in the western part of Hong Kong Island. It is also called Mount Austin and The Peak. Its altitude is . It is the highest mountain on the Hong Kong Island. 
In a broad sense Victoria Peak included Mount Austin, Victoria Gap, Mount Kellett and Mount Gough, Which are also apart of Peak District/The Peak.

(Tai Mo Shan is the highest mountain in Hong Kong).

Related pages 
 Hong Kong Island

References 

Geography of Hong Kong
Lammtarra (February 2, 1992 – July 6, 2014) was an unbeaten Thoroughbred racehorse. He won three Group One races in 1995. He was voted the Cartier Three-year-old European Champion Colt. He won the Epsom Derby in record time, the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes and the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. The only other horse to win these races was Mill Reef.

Lammtarra was bred in Kentucky, United States. He was trained in both the U.S. and the United Kingdom. 

Lammtarra was first retired to Japan's Arrow Stud. He was later moved to England's Dalham Hall Stud in Newmarket, Suffolk. He died on July 6, 2014, aged 22.

References

Other websites
 Lammtarra  at Godolphin

1992 births
2014 deaths
Thoroughbred racehorses
William Holman Hunt OM (2 April 1827 – 7 September 1910) was an English painter, and one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood.

Hunt formed the Pre-Raphaelite movement in 1848, after meeting the poet and artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti. With John Everett Millais, they sought to revitalise art. They favoured the detailed observation of the natural world, in a spirit of devotion to thetruth. This almost religious approach was influenced by the spiritual qualities of mediaeval art. It was in opposition to the rationalism of the Renaissance, as in Raphael. 

Hunt's works were not successful at first, and were widely attacked in the art press. They were thought clumsy and ugly. All the same, his was noticed for the naturalistic scenes of modern rural and urban life, such as The Hireling Shepherd and The Awakening Conscience. However, it was with his religious paintings that he became famous, initially The Light of the World (1851–1853), now in the chapel at Keble College, Oxford; a later version (1900) toured the world and now has its home in St Paul's Cathedral.

In the mid-1850s Hunt travelled to the Holy Land in search of material for more religious works, and to “use my powers to make more tangible Jesus Christ’s history and teaching”. there he painted The Scapegoat, The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple and The Shadow of Death, along with many landscapes of the region. Hunt also painted many works based on poems, such as Isabella, or the Pot of Basil and The Lady of Shalott. He eventually built his own house in Jerusalem.

His auction record is £1,700,000, set at Sotheby's, London on 11 February 1994, for reduced-size version his 1873 work The Shadow of Death.

Artistic style
His paintings were notable for their great attention to detail, vivid colour and elaborate symbolism. These features were influenced by the writings of John Ruskin and Thomas Carlyle, according to whom the world itself should be read as a system of visual signs. For Hunt it was the duty of the artist to reveal the correspondence between sign and fact.  Out of all the members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood Hunt remained most true to their ideals throughout his career. He was always keen to maximise the popular appeal and public visibility of his works.

He eventually had to give up painting because failing eyesight meant that he could not get the level of quality that he wanted. His last major works, The Lady of Shalott and a large version of The Light of the World were completed with the help of his assistant, Edward Robert Hughes.

Gallery

References 

1827 births
1910 deaths
Artists from London
English painters
Geoffroy's cat (Leopardus geoffroyi) is a wild cat native to southern and central South America. It is about the size of a domestic cat. The species is relatively common in many areas, but is considered to be "near threatened" by IUCN.

The cat was examined and described by the early 19th century French anatomist Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. He collected it on an expedition to South America.

Ecology and distribution 
Geoffroy's cats live in the Andes, Pampas (scrubby forest parts), and Gran Chaco landscape. They are found from southern Bolivia to the Straits of Magellan, at heights from sea level to . They prefer open woodland or scrubland habitats with plenty of cover, but are also found in grasslands and marshy areas. Although they are able to climb trees, they rarely do so, except to leave faeces to scent mark their territory.

Geoffroy's cat is nocturnal. It eats rodents, hares, small lizards, insects, and occasionally frogs and fish. Like other small cats, it is a solitary hunter, and only comes together during the mating season. Females have territories ranging from , while males have larger ranges, reaching up to .

References 

Felines
Nicola Ann Morgan, Baroness Morgan of Cotes, PC (born 1 October 1972) is a British politician. She was the Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport from 2019 to 2020.

Morgan was born in Kingston upon Thames and grew up in Surbiton. She studied law at St Hugh's College, Oxford. She became a solicitor in 1996. Morgan is a member of the Conservative Party. She was the Secretary of State for Education and Minister for women from 2014-2016. She was removed from her job by the new Prime Minister Theresa May. She was removed from these positions on 14 July 2016.

References 

1972 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British lawyers
Former Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Members of the House of Lords
Politicians from London
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
United Kingdom Life Peers
Women lawyers
Women politicians
The Alexandrine parakeet, Psittacula eupatria, lives in Asia: Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam.
There are small colonies in some parts of Europe: Wiesbaden, Mainz and Cologne.

References

Parakeets
iOS 4 is the fourth version of the mobile software iOS, made by Apple Inc.. It was released on June 21, 2010. It was the first big change that was only called iOS, instead of iPhone OS. Some devices could not use iOS 4. This was also the first change that iPod Touch owners could have for free.

The iPhone 3G and iPod Touch 2 cannot use many apps at the same time. They also cannot set a home screen wallpaper. The iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, and iPod Touch 3 & 4 have them. The first iPhone and the first iPod Touch cannot run iOS 4 or newer.

iOS 4.2.1 was released on November 22, 2010. It added iPad support. It was the last to allow iPhone 3G and iPod Touch 2nd generation usage.

iOS 4.0 only supported the iPhone and iPod Touch. iOS 4.0 was said to have more than 1500 new APIs for app creators. It also supported the multitasking feature for the first time. The final iOS version for the 2nd generation iPod Touch, and iPhone 3G is iOS 4.2.1. iOS 4.2.1 was the first version to make iPhones and iPads use the same operating system.

Version history: Apple TV (2nd generation) onwards 
iOS 4.1 was the first version of iOS for the Apple TV 2. It also had Apple TV Software 4.0.

References 

IOS
Operating systems
Roberto Martínez Montoliú (born 13 July 1973) is a Spanish football manager and former footballer. He is the current manager of the Belgium national team.

Career statistics

Club

Managerial statistics

Honours

Player
Real Zaragoza
Copa del Rey (1): 1993–94

Wigan Athletic
Football League Third Division (1): 1996–97
Football League Trophy (1): 1998–99

Swansea City
Football League Trophy (1): 2005–06

Manager
Swansea City
Football League One (1): 2007–08

Wigan Athletic
FA Cup (1): 2012–13

Individual
League One Manager of the Year (1): 2007–08
Wigan Athletic Player of the Year (1): 1995–96
PFA Third Division Team of the Year (2): 1995–96, 1996–97
Premier League Manager of the Month Award (1): April 2012
Football League One Manager of the Month Award (3): October 2007, December 2007, January 2008

References

1973 births
Living people
Spanish football managers
Spanish footballers
Sportspeople from Catalonia
Club de Futbol Balaguer is a Spanish football team from Balaguer, Catalonia. It currently plays in Tercera División – Group 5. Their stadium is Municipal de Balaguer, with a capacity of 2,000 seats.

Season to season

30 seasons in Tercera División

Notable players
 Roberto Martínez

Spanish football clubs
1945 establishments in Europe
1940s establishments in Spain
Balaguer (, ) is the capital of the Noguera comarca. It is located in the Province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.

Towns in Spain
Municipalities in Catalonia
Club de Fútbol América S.A. de C.V., commonly known as Club América or América, is a Mexican professional football club from Mexico City. It competes in the Liga MX. The team's nickname is Las Águilas (The Eagles).

América is the most successful club in Mexico. They won a record twelve national titles. América also have eight FIFA recognized international club trophies. They have won five CONCACAF Champions' Cups, two Copa Interamericana cups, and one CONCACAF Giants Cup.

Honours

Domestic competitions
Amateur era
Primera División
Winners (4): 1924–25, 1925–26, 1926–27, 1927–28
Copa México
Winners (1): 1937–38
Copa Challenger
Winners (1): 1927

Professional era
Primera División 
Winners (11): 1965–66, 1970–71, 1975–76, 1983–84, 1984–85, Prode-1985, 1987–88, 1988–89, Verano 2002, Clausura 2005, Clausura 2013, Apertura 2014
Copa México
Winners (5): 1953–54, 1954–55, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1973–74
Campeón de Campeones
Winners (5): 1955, 1976, 1988, 1989, 2005
InterLiga
Winners (1): 2008

International
CONCACAF Champions' Cup / Champions League 
Winners (5): 1977, 1987, 1990, 1992, 2006
Copa Interamericana 
Winners (2): 1978, 1990
CONCACAF Giants Cup
Winners (1): 2001

Friendly
Liga Excélsior (1): 1920
Copa Vizcaya (1): 1920
Copa Baltamar (1): 1922
Junta Española Covadonga (1): 1927
Copa Presidente Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (1): 1964–65
Copa Independencia (2): 1966–67, 1974–75
Copa Revolución Mexicana (1): 1980–81
Cuadrangular Ciudad de México (1): 1981
Trofeo Águila Azteca (1): 1982
Los Angeles Nations Cup (1): 1983
Trofeo de la Vendimia (1): 1983–84
Triangular Ciudad de México (1): 1987
Copa Cofraternidad (1): 1988
Copa Pachuca (1): 1997
Cuadrangular Los Angeles (1): 1999
Copa de Tejas (1): 2004
Copa San José (1): 2006
Copa "El Mexicano" (1): 2008
Copa Insurgentes (1): 2010
Copa Reto Águila (1): 2010
Copa Centenario del C.D. Olimpia (1): 2012

References

Mexican football clubs
Sport in Mexico City
1916 establishments in Mexico
Cruz Azul Fútbol Club, A.C., known simply as Cruz Azul (, "Blue Cross"), is a football club from Mexico City, Mexico. It was originally from Ciudad Cooperativa Cruz Azul, Hidalgo.

Cruz Azul is the most successful club in CONCACAF Champions League, with six titles. They are also the third most popular team in Mexico (after Guadalajara and Club América).

Currently this team plays in  Estadio Azul in Mexico City.

Honors

Domestic
Mexican Primera División: 8
1968-69, México 1970, 1971-72, 1972-73, 1973-74, 1978-79, 1979-80, Invierno 1997
Runners-up (10): 1969-70, 1980-81, 1986-87, 1988-89, 1994-95, Invierno 1999.

Segunda División de México: 1
1963-64

Copa México/Copa MX: 3
1968-69, 1996-97, Clausura 2013
Runners-up (2): 1973-74, 1987-88

Campeón de Campeones: 2
1968-69, 1973-74
Runners-up (1): 1972

International

CONCACAF Champions' Cup / CONCACAF Champions League: 6
1969, 1970, 1971, 1996, 1997, 2014
Runners-up (2): 2009, 2010

Copa Libertadores: 0
Runners-up (1): 2001

Copa Interamericana: 0
Runners-up (1): 1972

Minor trophies

Copa Pachuca: 5
1997, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2007
Runners-up (2): 2000, 2005

400 Monterrey Tournament Champion: 1
1996

Friendly

Teresa Herrera Trophy: 0
Fourth place (1): 2000
Runners-up (1): 2002
Third place (1):2008

Copa 5 De Mayo: 1
2004

Copa Panamericana 2007 (friendly tournament)
Copa Cuauhtemoc: 1
2008

Copa Aztex: 1
2009

Foursquare Champion Azteca: 81
1981

Burgos Tournament Champion: 1
1980

Almeria Tournament Champion: 1
1979

References

Mexican football clubs
Sport in Mexico City
1927 establishments in North America
1920s establishments in Mexico
Club Deportivo Guadalajara is a Mexican professional football club from Guadalajara, Jalisco. Guadalajara plays in the Liga MX. They won 12 First Division titles, 7 Campeón de Campeones, 1 InterLiga, 1 Copa Challenger, 4 Copa Oros de Occidente, and 2 Copa México.

Honors

National
Amateur era:

Liga Occidental: (13)
1908–09, 1909–10, 1911–12, 1921–22, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25, 1927–28, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1932–33, 1934–35 and 1937–38
Campeón de Campeones
1932–33
Torneo de una Tarde
1929–30

Professional era:

Primera División: (11)
1956–57, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1969–70, 1986–87, Verano 1997, and Apertura 2006
Copa México: (2)
1963, 1970
Campeón de Campeones: (7)
1956–1957, 1958–1959, 1959–1960, 1960–1961, 1963–1964, 1964–1965, and 1969–1970
Copa Challenger
1961
InterLiga
2009

International
Central American Champion: (2)
 Central American in 1959, North Central American and Caribbean in 1962

CONCACAF Champions' Cup
1962

Copa Libertadores de America
Runner-up: 2010

Friendly tournaments
I Mexico City International Pentagonal Tournament: 1958
III Mexico City International Pentagonal Tournament: 1958
II Jalisco International Pentagonal: 1962
"Fiestas de Octubre" Quadrangular: 1982
Copa Internacional Los Angeles: 1982
Jalisco International Quadrangular: 1994
"Copa Informador de Futbol" Los Angeles: 1999
Copa Coliseo: 1998
Copa Reforma: 1911
Torneo de Primavera: 1917
Medalla de la Junta de Festejos Patrios de la Villa de Zapopan: 1917
Medalla Colón: 1918
Medalla Caridad: 1918
Copa Militarización: 1918
Copa Deportivo Nacional de Torreón: 1919
Copa Eugenio Pinzón: 1921
Copa Francia: 1921–22
Copa Fábricas de Francia: 1924
Campeonato de Segunda Fuerza: 1924–25, 1928–29, 1934–35, 1937–38
Campeonato Categoría Juvenil: 1928–29
Trofeo Casino Español: 1928
Copa Presidencial: 1953
Copa de Oro: 1954–1956
Trofeo de Don Adolfo López Mateos (4):. 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963
Campeonato de Segunda Categoria de Occidente: 1939
Campeonato de Tercera Fuerza: 1928–29, 1937–38.Torneo de la Ciudad de Guadalajara: 1961Trofeo Campeonísimo: 1961–62Copa Presidente Gustavo Díaz OrdazCopa California: 1977Campeón 1a. División Amateur: 1983–84Copa Europa: 1985Trofeo al Equipo menos goleado: 1991–92Copa México de Segunda División: 1996Copa Estrella del Milenio: 1999Campeón Juvenil: 1998Copa Pachuca: 2000Copa Tecate (2): 1994, 2001Copa León: 2003Campeón de Filiales de Segunda División: Apertura 2004, Apertura 2006, Clausura 2008.Liga Premier de Ascenso: Torneo Revolución 2011Campeón de Filiales de Tercera División: Clausura 2005, Apertura 2005, Bicentenario 2010Torneo Nacional Sub-15: Invierno 2011, 2013
Torneo Nacional Sub-17: Apertura 2011, Clausura 2012, Apertura 2013
Torneo Nacional Sub-20: Clausura 2013
Copa Diario ESTO: 2006
Copa Marval: 2009
Copa 100 años de la UNAM: 2010
Copa Gol Marketing: 2011
Copa Jalisco: 2013

References

 
Mexican football clubs
Guadalajara
1906 establishments in North America
1900s establishments in Mexico
Oribe Peralta Morones (born 12 January 1984) is a Mexican footballer. He currently plays as a striker for América of the Liga MX and the Mexico national team.

Career 
Peralta started his career with Monarcas Morelia in 2003. He then made moves to León and Monterrey in 2004 and 2006. Peralta was then sold to Santos Laguna, then loaned out to Chiapas in 2008. After his return from loan, Peralta was a mainstay with Santos Laguna for the next five years. There, he played in over 200 matches and scored over 70 goals. In May 2014 Peralta made a high profile move to Club América.

Peralta has also been a Mexico international. He scored two goals in the gold medal match at the 2012 Olympic football tournament against Brazil. It was the first Olympic gold medal for Mexico in football.

Career statistics

Club
As of 30 June 2014.

Personal life
He is married to Mónica Quintana. They have two children, Romina and Diego.

Honours

Club
León
 Primera División A (1): Clausura 2004
Santos Laguna
 Primera División (2): Clausura 2008, Clausura 2012

International
Mexico U23
Pan American Games (1): 2011
Summer Olympics (1): 2012

Individual
Top Scorer at the 2011 Pan American Games
Best Striker of the Tournament (2): Apertura 2011, Clausura 2012
Player of the Tournament (1): Clausura 2012
CONCACAF Champions League Player of the Tournament (1): 2012
CONCACAF Champions League Top Scorer (1): 2012
CONCACAF Best Player (1): 2013

References

Other websites
Transfermarkt profile

2014 FIFA World Cup Profile 

1984 births
Living people
Mexican footballers
Coahuila
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Leonard Richard Merullo (May 5, 1917 – May 30, 2015) was an American professional baseball player. He played shortstop in the Major Leagues from 1941–47. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

References

1917 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Chicago Cubs players
Sportspeople from Boston, Massachusetts
Robert Pershing "Bobby" Doerr (April 7, 1918 – November 13, 2017) was a former Major League Baseball second baseman and coach. He played his entire 14-year baseball career for the Boston Red Sox (1937–1951). 

Doerr achieved a batting average over .300 in several seasons. He set Red Sox team records in several statistical categories. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1986.

Doerr died at his home in Junction City, Oregon on November 13, 2017 of natural causes at the age of 99, five months short of his 100th birthday.

References

Other websites

1918 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from natural causes in the United States
Boston Red Sox players
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
National Baseball Hall of Fame members