cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Insch is a town in Garioch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is about  from the city of Aberdeen. Auchleven and Premnay are villages associated with Insch.

Other websites
 Insch Community Website
 Insch Golf Club 
 Loch Insch Fishery 
 Insch Primary School 

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Kemnay (Gaelic: Ceann a' Mhuigh) is a village 16 miles west of Aberdeen in Scotland. It has a population of about 7040 (2007).

Sports
The golfer Paul Lawrie, who famously won the 1999 Open Championship is a former pupil of Kemnay Academy, as is Aberdeen FC footballer Darren Mackie.
Aberdeenshire Cricket Association

Other websites 

 Kemnay Village Community Web
Kemnay Academy

Towns in Aberdeenshire
A lisp is a speech problem, linked to the misarticulation of 's'-sounds. This results in unclear speech. In many languages, these sounds are difficult to pronounce. There is a difference between lisping children who are in the process of learning to speak, and lisping adults. In many cases, lisping is easy to treat using specialized therapy. Some characters (especially in cartoons) lisp for a comic effect.

Disorders
BonziBuddy (styled as BonziBUDDY) was a freeware program from BONZI Software. The software was available from 1999 to 2004. It is based on the Microsoft Agent technology. The program is no longer available because it contained a lot of adware, malware, and spyware. Most antivirus software picked up the software as Adware. The user would right click on the character and a menu would come up with different things that the character could do. It could tell jokes, facts, sing songs, download files and keep people on schedule with a calendar. Most things required the purchase of add-ons which would add extra jokes, facts and songs. There were also game add-ons and a speech recognition add-on which was called the 'Talking Add-on Module'. The program itself was advertised as an Internet Companion. The official website stayed open until 2008 and then it was no longer working. BonziBUDDY can still be downloaded by uploads from fans.

Characters
For the first version, they used a green bird called Peedy that was created by Microsoft. In 2001, the company made their own character. They called it Bonzi. The character was a purple gorilla. When the program launched, the gorilla would surf onto their screen on a yellow surf board. In later versions, they changed Bonzi's entrance from a surf board to a jungle vine.

Virus issues

BonziBUDDY had a lot of spyware. It would bring out random advertisements, set the homepage to www.bonzi.com and slow down the computer. It was also rated 6th at PCWorld's annoying spyware products. It would also collect personal information about what people do on their computer and that was a legal issue about this software.

References

Malware
Free software
Playing for Pizza is a short novel by John Grisham, released on September 25, 2007.
The novel is about an American football player who can no longer get work in the National Football League. His agent, as a last resort, signs a deal for him to play for the Parma Panthers, in Parma, Italy. The quarterback's move to a small city in a foreign land leads to a series of cultural misadventures.

Other websites
 Panthers.it Official Site
 Share The Dream with Grisham Official Site

2007 books
20th-century American novels
English-language novels
The Grapes of Wrath is a novel written by John Steinbeck. It was published in 1939. The book won both the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize in Literature. It is often read in American high school and college classes. The title of the novel is from Book of Revelation 14:19.

The book is about the Joads, a family of farmers.  It takes place during the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl. Because of drought and changes in the agriculture industry, the Joads are forced to move from their old home to California's Central Valley to find work and land.

The book talks about the problems they face on the way, as they drive through the Dust Bowl to get to California. It also talks about the poverty, discrimination, exploitation and other problems they face once they get to California.

Related pages
 Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century

1939 books
20th-century American novels
English-language novels
Pulitzer Prize winners
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1964) is a children's book by British author Roald Dahl.  This story of the adventures of young Charlie Bucket inside the chocolate factory of eccentric candymaker Willy Wonka is often considered one of the most beloved children's stories of the 20th century. It has been made into a movie twice.

Plot 

Only five children were to win a golden ticket and to be allowed inside the Willy Wonka's chocolate factory. Those who won the lottery would get a magical tour and see all the mysterious machinery in the factory where the world's most wonderful sweets are made. The lucky five were the greedy Augustus Gloop, the spoiled Veruca Salt, the gum-chewing Violet Beauregarde, the smart-alecky Mike Teavee and the poor Charlie Bucket. One by one, the children break Wonka's rules by acting on a vice they possess, with Charlie ending up a hero of the story. The movie teaches about sins and virtues.

Characters

The main characters 
 Willy Wonka: Wonka is the owner of the chocolate factory
 Charlie Bucket: Charlie is the main character in the story. He enters a competition run by Wonka.
 Grandpa Joe: Charlie's grandfather

The other children
 Augustus Gloop: Gloop is a greedy boy, who is the first child to be sent away. He was not careful when he was drinking the Chocolate River. He fell into the in it as was sent to be made into strawberry-coated fudge.
 Veruca Salt: Salt is a girl who likes to get everything that she wants. She goes to the nut room and is found to be a "bad nut”. She is sent to the furnace.
 Violet Beauregarde: Beauregarde is a girl who is always chewing gum. She tries Wonka's everlasting gum. She grows bigger and bigger and ends up becoming a giant blueberry.
 Mike Teavee: Teavee is a boy who is likes to always watch television. He is shrunk by the Television Chocolate.

Other characters
 Oompa-Loompas: Midgets who work in the Factory. They are about  high   and they have strange hair cuts. They are paid in cacao beans. They come from Loompaland, which is a region of Loompa. Loompa is a small island in the Pacific Ocean. When the book was written, it said that they came from "the very deepest and darkest part of the African jungle where no white man had been before", but this was changed (see Problems section). They are the only people that Wonka trusts to work in the factory. When any of the children are taken away, the Oompa-Loompas sing a song about them.
 Mr. Slugworth: In the book, Slugworth is a chololate maker who is one of Wonka's rivals. In the 1971 movie, Slugworth is finally shown to be one of Wonka's workers who has been testing the children's loyalty.
 Prince Pondicherry: Wonka made a chocolate palace for the Prince. It melted in the sun.

Problems
 In early editions of the book, the Oompa-Loompas are described as African pygmies. This caused controversy and criticism. In later editions of the book, they have white skin and golden hair. (In the 1971 movie, they have orange skin).

References

Other websites
 Official Roald Dahl Website
 The Willy Wonka Candy Company 

1964 books
English-language novels
Children's books
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (franchise)
Pat Benatar (born Patricia Mae Andrzejewski on 10 January 1953) is a four-time Grammy Award-winning American rock singer with seven platinum and three gold albums to her credit, as well as 19 Top 40 singles. Pat Benatar was eligible for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004, she was nominated in 2020 and was not elected and will be nominated again in 2022.
Benatar is also known for her mezzo-soprano vocal range.

References

Other websites 
 Pat Benatar Pictures 

American rock musicians
Singers from New York City
Grammy Award winners
Mezzo-sopranos
1953 births
Living people
Eurythmics were a pop music band from England. Its two members were Annie Lennox and Dave Stewart. Their most famous song is "Sweet Dreams". Some of their other songs are "Here Comes The Rain Again", "Love Is a Stranger" and "Missionary Man".

The Eurythmics formed in London in 1980 and broke up in 1990. They recorded eight albums during that time. Eurythmics got back together in 1999 and made a ninth album. Then they released a greatest hits album and split again in 2005.

Albums

These are the albums made by Eurythmics.

 In the Garden (1981)
 Sweet Dreams Are Made of This (1983)
 Touch (1983)
 For the Love of Big Brother (1984)
 Be Yourself Tonight (1985)
 Revenge (1986)
 Savage (1987)
 We Too Are One (1989)
 Peace (1999)

References

1980 establishments in England
Musical groups established in 1980
Musical groups disestablished in 1990
1990 disestablishments in Europe
20th-century disestablishments in England
Musical groups established in 1999
1999 establishments in England
Musical groups disestablished in 2005
2005 disestablishments in England
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
British rock bands
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups from London
New wave bands
A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Ernest Lawrence from the University of California, Berkeley in 1930. It accelerates charged particles by whirling them in a circle. The first cyclotrons were the size of a hand. Some modern circular accelerators use a circle as wide as a city.

Cyclotrons use perpendicular magnetic field to bend electrons and particles through into a semicircular path by an applied electric field. The applied electric field accelerates electrons between the "D" electrodes(also called "dees") of the magnetic field region.

The accelerating electric field reverses just at the time the electrons finish their half circle, so that it accelerates them across the gap. With a higher speed, they move in a larger semicircle. After repeating this process several times, they come out the exit port at a high speed.

Cyclotron Frequency 

A moving charge in a cyclotron will move in a circular path under the influence of a constant magnetic field. If the time to complete one orbit is calculated:

.

It is found that the period is independent of the radius. Therefore if a square wave is applied at angular frequency qB/m, the charge will spiral outward, increasing in speed.

When a square wave of angular frequency ω=qB/m is applied between the two sides of the magnetic poles, the charge will be boosted again at just the right time to accelerate it across the gap. Thus the constant cyclotron frequency can continue to accelerate the charge (so long as it is not relativistic).

References

Nuclear physics
Johanna Spyri (12 June 1827 – 7 July 1901) wrote stories for children in the German language. Her most famous book was Heidi.

Biography 
She was born Johanna Heusser in Hirzel, Switzerland. Her father was a doctor and her mother was a poet. 

She lived with her extended family: her grandmother, two aunties, and two cousins as well as her mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. This large household inspired her when she wrote Gritli's Children. 

She spent several summers around Chur in Graubünden when she was young. This setting was later used in her novels.

Her only education was her village school in Hirzel. She wrote poetry as a child.

She married Bernhard Spyri, an employee , when she was 25. They met when they were children. They lived in Zurich, Switzerland and had only one child, a son, Berhard Diethelm Spyri, in 1855. In Zurich, they were friends with the musician Richard Wagner and poet Conrad Ferdinand Meyer. Both her husband and son died of tuberculosis in 1884.

Writing 

In 1870, she started writing to help orphans and refugees of the Franco-Prussian War by describing their situation and giving money from her books to help them.

Her first stories were very popular, so she wrote another story about another orphan, Heidi. She published the first part of Heidi anonymously in 1881. It became popular, so she wrote the second part in 1882 using her own name. She became very famous, but preferred a quiet, private life.

She wrote more than forty stories for children in German. Most of these stories have been translated into English. Heidi is still her most popular book, with new editions still published today.

She died in Berlin on July 7, 1901, but is buried with her family Zurich.

References

Other websites 

 

1827 births
1901 deaths
Swiss writers
Volvo S60 is a car produced by Volvo from 2000 to the present day. It entered its second generation in 2010.

Volvo S60 III (2019) 
Production will begin in late 2018 in Ridgeville, South Carolina. A 2.3 million square foot plant will build approximately 60,000 vehicles per year for the US and export markets. The capacity can go up to 100,000 vehicles per year if demand requires it. The plant is the sixth Volvo, which joins two European sites, two Chinese and one Malaysian. It is expected that about 2,000 workers staff the plant. In April 2017, the construction company completed the construction of the complex's hull.

The third-generation S60 will have the hybrid powertrain and will be one of the five new electric models launched in 2019 with the second generation V60 and a fully electric sports coupe. The third generation of S60 and V60 will also be available as Polestar models.
Production will begin in late 2018 in Ridgeville, South Carolina. A 2.3 million square foot factory will build approximately 60,000 vehicles per year for the US and export markets. The capacity can reach 100,000 vehicles per year if demand so demands. The plant is Volvo's sixth, linking two European sites, two Chinese and one Malaysian. It is expected that about 2,000 workers of the plant. In April 2017, the construction company completed the construction of the complex's hull.

The third generation of the S60 will have the hybrid powertrain and will be one of five new electric models launched in 2019 with the second generation of the V60 and a fully electric sports coupe. The third generation of the S60 and V60 will also be available as models.

2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
S560
Guitar World is a music magazine. A new issue is made every month. Articles in the magazine are usually about guitar players. The magazine has interviews, reviews, and information on how to play songs on guitar or bass guitar. The magazine started in July 1980. Johnny Winter was on the first front cover.

Other websites
Guitar World website

Music magazines
Volkswagen Jetta is a car produced by Volkswagen since 1979. It is currently in its sixth Generation. The Third Generation Jetta was called the Vento, the Fourth one Bora.

Jetta
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Water hyacinths are flowering plants in the genus Eichhornia. There are seven species. It belongs to the family Pontederiaceae of the order Commelinales. The water hyacinth is one of the fastest growing water plants. It is native to South America. It was introduced to the USA in 1884. 

Monocots
Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), also known as stinking nightshade, is a plant of the family Solanaceae that originated in Eurasia, but it is now found everywhere. It is poisonous and should not be eaten.

References 

Nightshades
Plants of Asia
Plants of Pakistan
Solanaceae
Clifton Beach, on the Arabian Sea, is a beach in Clifton, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, one of the neighborhoods of Saddar Town, Karachi. The beach has attractions for families and tourists, including beachside horse and camel rides, amusement parks, restaurants, and swimming in the Arabian Sea.

The whole beach area of Clifton and Seaview is considered safe and peacful even in times of political turmoil.

A gated residential area called Seaview Apartments is close to a section of Clifton beach known as Seaview beach or simply Seaview. Farther ahead is Darakhshan Villas which has residential townhouses.

In this very area new CINEPLEX cinema houses were constructed for the entertainment starved people of Karachi, particularly for the people who live in DHA and Clifton. This has happened after around three decades of cinema decline in Pakistan. Hollywood films are released here along with or soon after the international releases of these films. These cinemas are more expensive and are family cinemas meaning that no males or group of males are allowed to watch movies here without being accompanied by families, females or children.

Defence Housing Authority is filling the beach area with sand to obtain more ground and this will push the beach farther, which will change the shape and features of this beach.

Other beaches close to the city include Sandspit, Hawke's Bay, and Paradise Point - a sandstone rock promontory with a natural arch, but Clifton Beach is the most popular picnic destination in Karachi.

Beaches of Pakistan
Karachi
Achillea millefolium or Yarrow is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the Northern Hemisphere. 

Other common names for this species include gordaldo, nosebleed plant, old man's pepper, devil's nettle, sanguinary, milfoil, soldier's woundwort, thousand-leaf, and thousand-seal.

The plant commonly flowers from May through June.  It is often found in the mildly disturbed soil of grasslands and open forests. The plant has a strong, sweet scent, similar to chrysanthemums.

It has been used as a medicinal plant.

References

Asteraceae
Herbs
Cape Monze (aka Cape Mount) is a beach on the Arabian Sea. It is near the Hub River and Gadani Beach in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

Geography of Pakistan
Inner Mongolia (Mongolian: ,  Öbür mongul; ; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol) is the Mongol autonomous region of the People's Republic of China and lies in the north of the country.

Inner Mongolia borders, from east to west, the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Gansu, while to the north it borders Mongolia and Russia. It is the third-largest subdivision of China spanning almost 300 million acres or 12% of China's land area. It has a population of about 24 million. The capital is Hohhot.

The majority of the population in the region are Han Chinese, with a large Mongol minority. The official languages are Standard Mandarin and Mongolian, the latter written in the classical alphabet.

Name 
In Chinese, the region is known as "Inner Mongolia", where the terms of "Inner/Outer" come from Manchu dorgi/tulergi. Inner Mongolia is distinct from Outer Mongolia, which was a term used by the Republic of China and previous governments to refer to what is now the independent state of Mongolia plus the Republic of Tuva in Russia. 
In Mongolian, the region is known as öbör mongγol where öbör can mean south, inner, front, bosom, breast.

Demography 

Han Chinese are the largest ethnic group, about 80% of the population. Mongols are the second largest ethnic group, about 17% of the population. There are more Mongols living in Inner Mongolia than in the independent nation of Outer Mongolia.

Excludes members of the People's Liberation Army in active service.

Tourism 

In the capital city Hohhot:
 Dazhao Temple is a Lamaist temple built in 1580. Dazhao Temple is known for three sites: a statue of Buddha made from silver, elaborate carvings of dragons, and murals.
 Xiaozhao Temple, also known as Chongfu temple, is a Lamaist temple built in 1697 and favoured by the Qing Dynasty emperor Kangxi.
 Xilituzhao Temple is the largest Lamaist temple in the Höhhot area, and once the center of power of Lamaism in the region.
 Zhaojun Tomb is the tomb of Wang Zhaojun, a Han Dynasty palace lady-in-waiting who became the consort of a Xiongnu ruler.

Elsewhere in Inner Mongolia:
 The Mausoleum of Genghis Khan, the cenotaph of Genghis Khan, is located in Ordos City.
 Bashang Grasslands, on the border close to Beijing, is a popular retreat for urban residents wanting to get a taste of grasslands life.
 The Arshihaty Stone Forest/Hexigten UNESCO Geo Park, has magnificent granite rock formations formed from natural erosion.
 Xiangshawan, or "singing sands gorge," is located in the Gobi Desert and contains numerous tourist attractions including sand sledding and camel rides.
 Five-pagoda Temple in the capital of Inner Mongolia Hohhot. It is also called Jingangzuo Dagoba, used to be one building of the Cideng Temple.

Notes and references

Other websites 

 Inner Mongolia Government website
 Li Narangoa: The Commercialization of a Tamed Ethnicity 
 Southern Mongolian Human Rights Information Center

Autonomous regions of China
Mr. T, whose real name is Laurence Tureaud (born May 21, 1952) is an American actor. He is famous for playing Sgt. Bosco "B. A." Baracus in The A-Team and James "Clubber" Lang in Rocky III. Mr. T has a popular catch phrase, "I Pity the Fool", which lead to the name of a reality television series he appeared on. He also had a comic series called Mr T and the T-force. Mr. T is known for having a mohawk hairstyle and wearing a lot of gold jewelry.

Early life
Tureaud was born in Chicago. Before he became an actor, he was a bodyguard.

Personal life
Mr. T is a born-again Christian.

Tureaud made his neighbors in a Chicago suburb called Lake Forest angry. He cut down more than a hundred oak trees on his estate. This is now called "The Lake Forest Chain Saw Massacre".
 
He gave up almost all his gold, one of his identifying marks, after helping with the cleanup after Hurricane Katrina in 2005. He said, "As a Christian, when I saw other people lose their lives and lose their land and property...I felt that it would be a sin before God for me to continue wearing my gold. I felt it would be insensitive and disrespectful to the people who lost everything, so I stopped wearing my gold."

Filmography

References

1952 births
Actors from Chicago
African American actors
African American television personalities
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Television personalities from Chicago
Living people
WWE Hall of Fame
Céline Marie Claudette Dion,    (; born March 30, 1968) is a Canadian singer.

Early life
She was born in the town of Charlemagne, Quebec, Canada. She is the youngest of 14 children. Her parents were television personality Thérèse Dion (1927–2020) and businessman Adhémar Dion (1923–2003). When she was 12 years old, her brother sent a recording to a manager named René Angélil. With his help, she released her first album in 1981, and her first English album in 1990. In 2007, she performed a show with Elvis Presley, which was arranged on the computer with old images from Elvis shows. It had been arranged for the TV show American Idol. 

Dion first had international recognition in the 1980s.  She won both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest where she represented Switzerland.

She has sold the most albums in the world for a female artist. For that, she received a special World Music Award in 2004. She has also sold the most French albums with 7 million copies.  Dion is the best-selling Canadian artist of all time.

Personal life
On December 30, 1994, Dion married her manager René Angélil. They have three sons: René-Charles Angélil (born on January 25, 2001), and twins Eddy Angélil and Nelson Angélil (born on October 23, 2010). René died on January 14, 2016 from cancer.  Her older brother, Daniel, died from cancer two days later, on what would have been Angélil's 74th birthday.

Career
In 2018, Dion released the song "Ashes", which appears on the soundtrack to the film Deadpool 2, starring fellow Canadian Ryan Reynolds.

Discography

French-language studio albums
1981: La voix du bon Dieu
1981: Céline Dion chante Noël
1982: Tellement j'ai d'amour...
1983: Les chemins de ma maison
1983: Chants et contes de Noël
1984: Mélanie
1985: C'est pour toi
1987: Incognito
1991: Dion chante Plamondon
1995: D'eux
1998: S'il suffisait d'aimer
2003: 1 fille & 4 types
2007: D'elles
2012: Sans attendre

English-language studio albums
1990: Unison
1992: Celine Dion
1993: The Colour of My Love
1996: Falling into You
1997: Let's Talk About Love
1998: These Are Special Times
2002: A New Day Has Come
2003: One Heart
2004: Miracle
2007: Taking Chances
2013: Loved Me Back to Life

References

Other websites 

 CelineDion.com – Official website operated by Sony Music Canada (English, French).
 Celine Dion YouTube Channel
 
 Celine Dion at WN
[ Celine Dion] at Allmusic
 Celine Dion  at Billboard.com
 
 FAO Goodwill Ambassador website 

1968 births
Living people
Canadian pop singers
 
Child singers
Musicians from Quebec
Eurovision Song Contest winners
Adamsville is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city was 4,965. According to the 2005 U.S. Census estimates, the city had a population of 4,845.

References 

Cities in Alabama
Alabaster is a city and southern suburb of Birmingham in Shelby County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 22,619. According to the 2005 U.S. Census estimates, the city had a population of 27,517.

Location
Alabaster is located at  (33.231162, -86.823829).

The city has a total area of 20.6 square miles (53.2 km²). 20.5 square miles (53.0 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.24%) is water.

History
Shelby County, which is the geographical center of Alabama, was created on 7 February 1818 by an act of the Alabama Territorial General Assembly. The county was named for Isaac Shelby. He was a hero of the King's Mountain Battle during the American Revolutionary War. Alabama gained statehood on 14 December 1819.

Many of the first settlers came from South Carolina, Tennessee, and Kentucky. Many came to this region after the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814. The 1820 census records say that Shelby County contained 2,492 people at that time, 2,044 whites and 448 Africans.

U.S. Highway 31 was a two-lane highway at that time. Because it was the main artery from Birmingham to Montgomery, the highway played an important part in the growth of the community.

George L. Scott, Sr. was an Alabaster pioneer. He owned and operated Alabaster Lime Co. His shipping point, which was named after him, was known as “Scott Rock”. Later, houses were built for his employees to live in. These houses became a community. It got its name from alabaster, a white chalky mineral. The First Bank of Alabaster opened in 1952. Its president was George L. Scott, Jr. He later became the first mayor of Alabaster. The first attempt in 1952 to incorporate Alabaster failed. In January 1953 the petition was filed again. On 23 February 1953, Alabaster was officially incorporated. There were 427 people living there. Other Alabaster pioneers were Kenton B. Nickerson and William J. Maxwell. In 1955, the Alabaster Water and Gas Board was formed. Alabaster merged with the adjoining city of Siluria, Alabama April 27, 1971.

Today, Shelby County is the fastest-growing county in Alabama.

References

Other websites
Alabaster's Official city website

Cities in Alabama
Alexander City is a city in Tallapoosa County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 15,008. According to the 2005 U.S. Census estimates, the city had a population of 14,957.

References 

Cities in Alabama
1872 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Alabama
Aliceville is a city in Pickens County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 2,567. According to the 2005 U.S. Census estimates, the city had a population of 2,465.

Notable residents 
Walter Jones, left tackle for the Seattle Seahawks
Simmie Knox, portrait artist

References 

Cities in Alabama
Ashville is a city in St. Clair County, Alabama, United States. The population was 2,260 at the 2000 census, at which time it was a town. The city is the county seat of St. Clair County along with Pell City. According to the 2005 U.S. Census estimates, the city had a population of 2,429.

References

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Anniston is a city in, and county seat of, Calhoun County in the state of Alabama, United States. According to 2019 Census estimates, the city had a population of 21,287.

Chemical cleanup 
In 2002, an investigation by 60 minutes showed Anniston was among the most toxic cities in the country. The main source of local contamination was a Monsanto chemical factory, which was closed.

Notable Residents and Former Residents 
Francis T. Anderson, Civil War general.
Michael Biehn, actor
Anne Braden, Civil Rights activist
June Burn, author
Red Byron, NASCAR driver
Asa Earl Carter, Segregationist, speech writer, and author of The Education of Little Tree
Quinton Caver, American NFL football player
B. B. Comer, Governor of Alabama.
Michael Curry, NBA player
Cow Cow Davenport, Boogie-woogie pianist
Eric Davis, NFL corner back.
William Levi Dawson, (b. 23 September 1899), composer of Negro Folk Symphony.
Bobby Edwards, country singer
Kevin Greene, retired American NFL football player
Audrey Marie Hilley, famous for poisoning her husband and trying to poison her daughter.
Thomas Kilby, Governor of Alabama.
Perry Lentz, author and professor of English
Lucky Millinder, Rhythm and blues and swing band leader and singer.
Will Owsley, singer-songwriter.
John L. Pennington, Newspaper publisher, governor of Dakota Territory.
Patrick J. Que Smith, Grammy winning songwriter
Shannon Spruill, professional wrestler
David Satcher, former Surgeon General
Vaughn Stewart, former NFL football player.

References 

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
1872 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Alabama
Andalusia is a city in Covington County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 8,794. The 2007 U.S. Census estimated the city had a population of 8,705.  It is the home of the World Championship Domino Tournament.

Media
Radio stations
WAAO-FM 103.7  (Country)
WSTF 91.5 FM (Religious)
Newspaper
Andalusia Star-News (daily)

Education
Public education is provided by Andalusia City School System. which consists of Andalusia Elementary School, Andalusia Middle School, and Andalusia High School.

Notable natives 
Charles Brooks, editorial cartoonist
Robert Horry, NBA player
Nico Johnson, NFL player for Kansas City Chiefs, won 3 BCS National Championships while playing football for The University of Alabama.
 Alexa Jones, Miss Alabama 2005 and Miss America 2006 second runner-up
Frank Tipler, cosmologist
Charles "Bubba" Bailey, the police officer from Hamish and Andy's Caravan of Courage USA

References 

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Atmore is a city in Escambia County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 7,676. According to the 2005 U.S. Census estimates, the city had a population of 7,530. The city was named for Mr. C.P. Atmore.

References 

Cities in Alabama
Attalla is a city in Etowah County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area. According to the 2005 U.S. Census estimates, the city had a population of 6,474.

Notable Past Residents 
Carnell "Cadillac" Williams (born April 21, 1982), Tampa Bay Buccaneers player
Betty Kelley (born  September 16, 1944), member of Motown girl group Martha and The Vandellas

References 

Cities in Alabama
York is a city in Sumter County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 2,854.

Cities in Alabama
New Hope is a small town in Madison County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2000 census, the population is 2,539. It was incorporated in 1832 under the name of Vienna. The original town was completely burned by the Union Army on December 15, 1864, during the American Civil War.

Cities in Alabama
1832 establishments in Alabama
Uniontown is a city in Perry County, Alabama in the United States of America.  As of the 2000 census, the population of the city is 1,636.

Notable Residents and Natives
Tony Cox, actor, born in Uniontown on March 31, 1958.
Eugene Lipscomb, football player, born in Uniontown on August 9, 1931
Erwin Dudley, professional basketball player

Cities in Alabama
Union Springs is a city in and the county seat of Bullock County, Alabama, United States.  The population was 3,670 at the 2000 census.

Notable natives 
Winton M. Blount - United States Postmaster General (1969-1972)
John Warren Branscomb - Methodist bishop.
John Henrik Clarke - Significant Pan-Africanist.
Eddie Kendricks - Co-founder of The Temptations. (Family moved when he was young)

References 

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Vernon is a city in Lamar County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 2,143.  The city is the county seat of Lamar County.

Notable residents 
 Dan Penn, songwriter, born in Vernon.
 Mitch Lucas, Christian evangelist/missionary, raised in Vernon.
 Troy Hankins, successful Alaskan businessman and entrepreneur born and raised in Vernon.
 Terry Moore, born in Vernon, major league baseball player
 Guy Morton, born in Vernon, major league baseball player
 Reuben Houston "Rube" Burrow—The most wanted outlaw of the late 1880s, he committed a series of train robberies along with his younger brother James Buchanan "Jim" Burrow.

References 

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Valley is a city in Chambers County, Alabama, United States. According to 2019 census, there are 9,141 people living there.

Geography 
Valley is located in the southeastern Chambers County at 32°48'40.993" North, 85°10'40.577" West (32.811387, -85.177938). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, it has a total area of , all land.

It is located on the Alabama-Georgia state line.

Valley has a larger Micropolitan Statistical Area known as the "Greater Valley Area" consisting of the three largest cities of Chambers County: Valley, Lanett, and LaFayette. It also includes the city of West Point, Georgia.

Climate 
It's climate usually has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.  According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Valley has a humid subtropical climate. It is often abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics

Population 
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,524 people, 3,878 households, and 2,561 families living in the city. Its population density was 864 people per square mile (333.4/km). There were 5,025 housing units at an average density of 457 per square mile (176/km).

Average income 
The median income for a household in the city was $31,501, and the median income for a family was $40,013. Males had a median income of $36,345 versus $29,905 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,928. About 18.2% of families and 20.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.4% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.

Media 
Valley is served by the Columbus, Georgia Television Designated Market Area (DMA).

Notable people 

 Jennifer Chandler, won a gold medal in diving at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal
 Josh Evans, former NFL player
 Lemanski Hall, former NFL player
 John Copeland, former NFL player
 Bill McGhee, former player for the Philadelphia Athletics
 Marcus Pollard, former NFL player
 Mike Potts, former pitcher for the Milwaukee Brewers
 K. Lee Scott, Christian composer
 Jylan Ware, NFL player
 Drew Ferguson, member of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia's 3rd congressional district
 Matt Foster, pitcher for the Chicago White Sox

References 

Cities in Alabama
Northport is a city in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, United States. According to 2005 Census Bureau estimates the population is 21,216. It is part of the Tuscaloosa, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.

References

Cities in Alabama
The Meadows Mall is a mall in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. Its address is 4300 Meadows Lane. With 140 stores inside, the mall building is two stories high. Within the mall is a food court, and four department stores: Dillard's, Sears, JCPenney, and Macy's. The mall is slightly larger than Boulevard Mall, which contains 149 stores.

References

Malls
Las Vegas, Nevada
Jacksonville is a city in Calhoun County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city is 12,548. It is included in the Anniston-Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area.

References

Cities in Alabama
Jackson is a city in Clarke County, Alabama, United States.  The population was 5,419 at the 2000 census.

Cities in Alabama
Irondale is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States and a suburb of Birmingham. At the 2000 census the population was 9,813. The book (later a movie) Fried Green Tomatoes, by Irondale native Fannie Flagg, is loosely based around the town and the landmark Irondale Cafe, known as The WhistleStop Cafe in the book & Film.

Cities in Alabama
Winfield is a city in Fayette and Marion counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. The population was 4,717 at the 2010 census, the second largest city in Marion County.

Notable natives
W. Eugene Davis, judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
Johnny Micheal Spann, an employee of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the first American killed in combat after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan.
Jimmy Miles, award winning Country musician

References

Cities in Alabama
Wetumpka is a city in Elmore County, Alabama, United States. According to 2000 US census, there are 5,726 people living there. The city is the county seat of Elmore County. It is the third fastest growing county in the state. Together with Montgomery, Prattville, Millbrook, and Tallassee the city is considered part of the Montgomery Metropolitan Area, or River Region. There are approximately 346,578 people living in the region.

In movies
Three major films have been filmed on location in downtown Wetumpka. 
Big Fish (2003)
The Grass Harp (1995)
The Rosa Parks Story (2002)

Notable people
 Joe McInnes, businessman and state official
 Jim Rogers, author
 William Edgar Weldon, businessman and political leader

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Weaver is a city in Calhoun County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 2,619. It is included in the Anniston-Oxford, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Cities in Alabama
Warrior is a city in Jefferson and Blount County in the U.S. state of Alabama. At the 2000 census the population was 3,169.

Cities in Alabama
Jacksonville may mean:
Jacksonville, Alabama
Jacksonville, Arkansas
Jacksonville, Florida
Jacksonville, Georgia
Jacksonville, Illinois
Jacksonville, Indiana
Jacksonville, Maryland
Jacksonville, Missouri
Jacksonville, New York
Jacksonville, North Carolina
Jacksonville, Oregon
Jacksonville, Pennsylvania
Jacksonville (Lehigh County), Pennsylvania
Jacksonville, Texas
Jacksonville, Vermont
Jacksonville, West Virginia
Floyd, Virginia, originally named Jacksonville

Colleges & universities:
Jacksonville College, a public two-year junior college in Jacksonville, Texas
Jacksonville State University, a public four-year collegiate level institution in Jacksonville, Alabama
Jacksonville University, a private four-year collegiate level institution in Jacksonville, Florida

Football:
Jacksonville Jaguars

Other:
Jacksonville, the working title of the Ryan Adams album released as Jacksonville City Nights
"Jacksonville", a song by Sufjan Stevens from his album Illinois (album)
Why I Am Not a Christian is an essay by the British philosopher Bertrand Russell. It describes the reasons why Russell does not believe in God and doubts religion.

History
At first, a talk given March 6, 1927 at Battersea Town Hall, at the South London Branch of the National Secular Society. It was published that year as a pamphlet and was later published, with other essays, in the book, Why I Am Not a Christian: And Other Essays on Religion and Related Subjects ().

Related works by other authors
Why I Am Not a Muslim, by Ibn Warraq, is also critical of the religion in which the author was brought up — in this case, Islam.  The author mentions Why I Am Not a Christian towards the end of the first chapter, stating that many of its arguments also apply to Islam.
Why I Am Not a Hindu, a 1996 book in a similar vein by Kancha Ilaiah, an activist opposed to the Indian caste system.
Why I Am Still a Christian is a book by Catholic theologian Hans Küng, published in 1987.

Other websites
 Complete text with annotations

Essays
The passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) or wild pigeon was a species of pigeon that was once the most common bird in North America.

Description 
The passenger pigeon, or, wild pigeon was a species of bird, Ectopistes migratorius, that was once common in North America. It lived in enormous migratory flocks — sometimes containing more than two billion birds — that could stretch one mile (1.6 km) wide and 300 miles (500 km) long across the sky, sometimes taking several hours to pass.

Some estimate that there were three billion to five billion passenger pigeons in the United States when Europeans arrived in North America. Others argue that the species had not been common in the Pre-Columbian period, but their numbers grew when devastation of the American Indian population by European diseases led to reduced competition for food.

The species went from being one of the most usual birds in the world during the 19th century to extinction early in the 20th century. At the time, passenger pigeons had one of the largest groups or flocks of any animal, second only to the Rocky Mountain locust.

Some reduction in numbers happened because of habitat loss when the Europeans started settling further inland. The primary factor emerged when pigeon meat was commercialized as a cheap food for slaves and the poor in the 19th century, resulting in hunting on a massive scale. There was a slow decline in their numbers between about 1800 and 1870, followed by a catastrophic decline between 1870 and 1890. Martha, thought to be the world's last passenger pigeon, died on September 1, 1914, in Cincinnati, Ohio.

In the 18th century, the passenger pigeon in Europe was known to the French as tourtre; but, in New France, the North American bird was called tourte. In modern French, the bird is known as the pigeon migrateur.

In Algonquian languages, it was called amimi by the Lenape and omiimii by the Ojibwe. The term passenger pigeon in English derives from the French word passager, meaning to pass by.

Columbiformes
The Community of Christ is a Mormon movement. From 1872 to 2001, it was known as Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS). It was founded in the 1860s. It did not recognise Brigham Young as a Prophet, but instead followed Joseph Smith III, the son of the founder of Mormonism, Joseph Smith. Unlike the followers of Young who went to Utah they remained were they were, in the Midwestern United States, mainly in Missouri. A number of court cases established this Church as the follower of law of the church established by Smith. for this reason it has the most manuscripts and the oldest Temple. 

In general, their beliefs are closer to mainline Protestant Christianity. Unlike other Latter-day Saints movements, they have a classic view of the Trinity. Their baptism is therefore recognised as a valid Christian one.

Mormonism
1860 establishments in the United States
Christian religious orders
Organizations based in the United States
Imran Ahmad Khan Niazi () (born 5 October 1952) is a Pakistani politician. He is the 22nd and current Prime Minister of Pakistan. Before entering politics Khan was a cricketer and played for international cricket for two decades in the late 20th century.

Khan became a politician in the mid-1990s. Currently, besides running his own political party, Khan is also a charity worker and cricket commentator. He made his political party Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) in 1996. He made a cancer hospital, Shaukat Khanum, in memory of his mother who also died of cancer.

On July 26, 2018, Khan was elected Prime Minister despite many people accusing Khan's campaign of rigging the election. Khan took oath as Prime Minister of Pakistan on 18 August 2018.

Cricket career
Khan started his career as a first-class cricketer in Lahore in 1968. During his studies at the University of Oxford, he also played for their Blue's Cricket team.
In 1971, he played his first international test match for Pakistan against England. In 1974, he played his first One-day international against England.

Khan also became the second fastest all-rounder to reach the mark of 3000 runs and 300 wickets. He also has the second best batting average in test cricket at position 6.

Khan became the captain of Pakistan side in 1982, becoming one of the most successful captains with 91 wins in tests and ODIs.

References 

1952 births
Living people
Current national leaders
Pakistani cricketers
Pakistani politicians
People from Lahore
Prime Ministers of Pakistan
The Deccan Mujahiddeen is believed to be a terrorist group. They do attacks inside India. They came to the attention of the public after they said they were responsible for the attacks on Mumbai on 26 November 2008. It is possible that the organization could be related to the Indian Mujahideen.

Attacks on Mumbai 
Indian authorities said that the Mumbai attacks were directed by Lashkar-e-Taiba militants inside Pakistan. The surviving gunman was a Pakistani. Pakistan initially contested this attribution, but agreed this was the case on 7 January 2009.

Where the word is from 
Deccan refers to the Deccan Plateau in southern India. The states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu lie on this plateau. The name is an anglicised from the Prakrit word dakkhin. That word comes  from the Sanskrit word dakṣiṇa- (), meaning 'South' or 'The South'.

Mujahideen (also spelt Mujahedin) in Arabic is a "struggler". So the name Deccan Muhahideen may literally mean Strugglers of the South, The South Strugglers or South Strugglers.

Related pages
 26 November 2008 Mumbai attacks
 Terrorism

References

Other websites 
 Deccan Mujahideen on Mahalo.com

Islamic terrorism
Religion in India
In grammar, case changes what a noun, adjective or pronoun does in a sentence. It is a set of forms which depend on the syntax (how the words go together). Case is an example of inflection, which is often an affix, a part of a word that is added to other words, that signals a grammatical relationship. Long ago, Old English used several cases, but Modern English uses only two cases for nouns.p197

History of case 
In the Romance languages (Spanish, French, Portuguese, etc.), which originally came from Latin, nouns pack several ideas into one word:
Gender: nouns must be masculine (Latin: ends in -us), feminine (ends in -a) or neutral (ends in -um). Also, adjectives must agree with the nouns by changing their endings. English is one of the few European languages that does not usually have gender in nouns.
Case: nominative (subject), vocative (direct speech), accusative (object), genitive (of the noun), dative (to or for the noun), ablative (by, with, or from the noun).
The locative (at the noun) is a rare case form for some specific nouns.

In many languages like Latin, German, Russian, Spanish, Korean and Japanese, a noun's case changes the end of a word depending on the noun's role in the sentence. Nouns change their endings to show that they are doing something, that something is done to them, that they just happen to be there during the action, or that they own something.

Therefore, word order in those languages is less important than in English, which often has word order change a sentence's meaning.

Modern English 
In English, case is not used much. Instead, word order and auxiliary verbs (helpers) are more important.
"The most important grammatical development [in English] was the establishment of a fixed pattern of word-order to express the relationship between clause elements".p44

English has these cases for nouns and pronouns: common case and genitive (possessive).p202 Each may take a plural:
Nouns: Girl; girls; girl's; girls. The last three cannot be distinguished in speech (except by the context).
Pronouns: This is your hat; this hat is yours. A few pronouns have three cases and four forms: I (subject), me (object), my (genitive before noun), mine''' (independent genitive).

English adjectives unchanged: red hat, red hats''.

References 

Linguistics
Grammar