cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Shmaryahu Yosef Chaim Kanievsky (born January 8, 1928) is a Polish-born Israeli rabbi and posek. He was born in Pinsk, Second Polish Republic, but his career is set in Bnei Brak, Israel. Kanievsky is thought to be a leading authority in Haredi Jewish society.

References

1928 births
Living people
Polish Jews
Israeli rabbis
Baruch Mordechai Ezrachi (born March 27, 1929) is an Israeli rabbi. He is the Rosh Yeshiva of Ateres Yisrael in Bayit Vegan in Jerusalem, and a member of the Degel Hatorah Moetzas Gedolei Yisrael.

References

1929 births
Living people
Israeli rabbis
Prince Daniel of Sweden, Duke of Västergötland (born Olof Daniel Westling on 15 September 1973), is the husband of Crown Princess Victoria. He was a personal trainer and gym owner and ran a company called Balance Training with three gyms in central Stockholm.

References

1973 births
Living people
Swedish royalty
Princes and princesses
Dan R. Brouillette (born August 18, 1962) is an American businessman. He was the 15th United States Secretary of Energy from December 3, 2019 to January 20, 2021. He was the United States Deputy Secretary of Energy from August 2017 through December 2019. After being nominated for the position by President Donald Trump, Brouillette was confirmed by a 79–17 vote of the United States Senate on August 3, 2017.

On October 18, 2019, he was announced as President Trump's choice to replace Rick Perry as Secretary of Energy. On December 2, the United States Senate confirmed his nomination by a 70–15 vote.

References

1962 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Texas
Politicians from Louisiana
Politicians from Texas
US Republican Party politicians
Biochar is a type of charcoal added to soil that acts as plant food, or fertilizer. Biochar is made by heating biomass like wood in an oven to very high temperatures. This removes all of the water and easy to burn material from the biomass leaving only carbon. The final result is fragile and dark black charcoal.

Uses

Carbon sink 

Biochar is made from organic material known as biomass. Biomass is mostly made from carbon. Carbon in biomass is captured from carbon dioxide in the air by plants. This means that when biochar is made carbon that was once in the air is made into a solid material. Biochar can last a very long time in soil and even longer in containers.

Some people propose making biochar to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere, causing climate change. If a lot of biochar were made then there would be less carbon dioxide in the air, meaning less heat would be trapped. This is known as a carbon sink, because the carbon is sunk or put into a long lasting material instead of floating in the air.

Soil amendment 

When biochar is made the biomass it is made from has most of its material removed. This means that biochar is very light and filled with tiny holes. These holes can hold water and nutrients which act as food for plants growing in biochar. Biochar can be soaked in nutrients to "charge" it which makes it a very good soil additive or fertilizer. The holes in biochar can also trap toxins which make water unsafe.

Biochar was used by people in the Amazon to make their poor quality soil better for growing food. This made the soil very dark and the dark soil can still be seen today.

Slash-and-char 

In some rainforest places the forests are cleared for farming. When the forests are cleared they are usually cut down and burned. This process is called slash-and-burn and doesn't leave very many nutrients in the soil. If the forests were cleared and turned into biochar rather than burned the soil would have more nutrients. This is known as slash-and-char and would make the soil better for farming.

Animal food 

Biochar can be mixed with molasses for use as animal food. The biochar helps digestion and reduces the amount of methane produced by cows. Feces from animals that eat biochar is a high quality fertilizer.

Commercial sector 

Biochar is mainly sold by fertilizer companies to people who grow plants. This may change. There are many tons of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which is causing climate change. Many countries have agreed that this is a problem. In the future it may cost money to release carbon dioxide. If people who remove carbon dioxide are paid then there could be businesses which remove carbon dioxide for money. One way a business like that could remove carbon dioxide is by growing plants and turning them into biochar. This removes a large amount of carbon dioxide and could be very profitable in the future.

References 

Materials
A Perfect Couple is a 1979 romantic–comedy movie co-written and directed by Robert Altman and starring Paul Dooley, Marta Heflin, Titos Vandis, Belita Moreno, Dennis Franz and Joel Crothers. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

1979 romance movies
1979 comedy movies
1970s romantic comedy movies
1970s LGBT movies
American romantic comedy movies
American LGBT movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Robert Altman
20th Century Fox movies
Bab Mansur al-'Alj or Bab Mansour (also variously spelled as Bab Mansour al-'Ilj, Bab Mansour al-Eulj, Bab el-Mansour, Bab Mansur, etc)  (also known as Bab Mansour Laleuj) is the main gate of the Old Town of Meknes in Morocco.  It is one of the largest and most impressive gates in the country. Together with the "outer square (El Hedim Square)", it is considered the country's business card. The gate is located in front of El Hedim Square which is considered to be the most popular square in Morocco.

History 
The gate structure was completed in 1732 by Mulay Abdullah who was the son of Sultan Mulay Ismail. The gate marks the main entrance of the imperial palace built for Isla Mulay and the ancient city of Meknes. 

The door was designed by a Christian who converted to Islam whose name was "Mansur". Hence the gate's name: "Mansur Gate". The gate structure has been part of the Meknes protected heritage since 1914 and since 1996 has been used as a World Heritage Site along with the Old Town of Meknes.

Geography 
The gate structure separates the outer square called Al-Hadim Square. It is adjacent to the Old City wall of Meknes, from the inner square called Lela Awda Square. It served as the "Royal Order Ground". Next to the gate within the walls are the Royal Order Stables, the Royal Prison, and the Meknes City Museum. It is decorated with green ceramics designed with  Islamic motifs. The white pillars are columns that used to stand in the Roman city: "Volibilis", which is about 30 km north of the city.

References 

Buildings and structures in Morocco
Gates
Salvador Giner i de San Julián (10 February 1934 – 19 October 2019) was a Spanish sociologist. He was the president of the Institute of Catalan Studies between 2005 and 2013. He studied at the University of Chicago. He was an editor and consultant of the Great Catalan Encyclopedia and of several national and international journals and reviews. He was born in Barcelona.

Giner died on 19 October 2019 in Barcelona at the age of 85.

References

Other websites
 Salvador Giner's biography in the website of the  IEC
 Interview to Salvador Giner about contemporary religions 

1934 births
2019 deaths
University of Chicago alumni
Writers from Barcelona
Spanish scientists
Sociologists
Johan Hendrik "Hans" Grosheide (born 6 August 1930) is a retired Dutch politician.

Grosheide worked as a teacher and education administrator for Protestant Reformed special schools from November 1954 until September 1963.

After the election of 1963 Grosheide was appointed as State Secretary for Education, Arts and Sciences, taking office on 3 September 1963 until the cabinet formation of 1965.

He was State Secretary for Education and Sciences, taking office on 14 April 1965.

Other websites
  Mr. J.H. (Hans) Grosheide Parlement & Politiek

1930 births
Living people
Anti-Revolutionary Party politicians
Christian Democratic Appeal politicians
Deputy government ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch Calvinists
Dutch mayors
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Politicians from Amsterdam
Theodorus Engelbertus "Tjerk" Westerterp (born 2 December 1930) is a Dutch politician. He was a diplomat of the defunct Catholic People's Party (KVP) now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party. He is also a businessman.

Westerterp became a Member of the House of Representatives after Gerard Veldkamp was appointed as Minister of Social Affairs and Health.

After the election of 1971 Westerterp was appointed as State Secretary for Foreign Affairs, taking office on 17 August 1971.

References

1930 births
Living people
Catholic People's Party politicians
Christian Democratic Appeal politicians
Deputy government ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch businesspeople
Dutch journalists
Dutch lobbyists
Dutch Roman Catholics
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Former MEPs
Government ministers of the Netherlands
MEPs for the Netherlands
Politicians from Rotterdam
Writers from Rotterdam
Mathilde Hubertine Maria Francisca "Til" Gardeniers-Berendsen (18 February 1925 – 22 October 2019) was a Dutch politician. She was a member of the defunct Catholic People's Party (KVP) and later the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party. She was also a nonprofit director.

Gardeniers-Berendsen was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1971, taking office on 11 May 1971. In 1977, Gardeniers-Berendsen was appointed as Minister of Culture, Recreation and Social Work on 19 December 1977.

After the election of 1981 Gardeniers-Berendsen returned as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 10 June 1981. In 1981, Gardeniers-Berendsen was appointed Minister of Health and Environment, taking office on 11 September 1981.

Gardeniers-Berendsen died in Rotterdam, Netherlands on 22 October 2019 at the age of 94.

References

Other websites
  M.H.M.F. (Til) Gardeniers-Berendsen Parlement & Politiek

1925 births
2019 deaths
Catholic People's Party politicians
Christian Democratic Appeal politicians
Dutch people of World War II
Dutch Roman Catholics
Dutch women politicians
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Politicians from Rotterdam
Elizabeth "Els" Veder-Smit (29 August 1921 – 26 August 2020) was a Dutch politician. She was a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and nonprofit director. She was the oldest living former cabinet member at the time of her death.

Veder-Smith was Secretary State for Health and Environment from 1978 through 1981.

Veder-Smith died at her home in Rotterdam on 26 August 2020 at the age of 98.

References

1921 births
2020 deaths
Deputy government ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch women politicians
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Members of the Senate of the Netherlands
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians
Politicians from South Holland
Michael Henricus Maria "Michel" van Hulten (born 9 March 1930) is a retired Dutch politician. 

On behalf of the Political Party of Radicals (PPR) he was a member of the Dutch parliament and deputy minister of Transport in Joop den Uyl's cabinet.

Michel van Hulten was born in Batavia and is the father of former MEP Michiel van Hulten.

References
 Bio at Parlement.com

1930 births
Living people
Deputy government ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch Roman Catholics
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Members of the Senate of the Netherlands
People from Batavia
Aäron "Arie" Pais (born 16 April 1930 in The Hague) is a retired Dutch politician of Jewish descent. He is a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He was a Member of the Senate in 1977 and again from 1981 through 1982. He also was Minister of Education and Sciences from 1977 through 1981.

Pais also was a member of the municipal council of Amsterdam and of the provincial states of North Holland.

Before his political career he was a economics professor at the University of Amsterdam, and afterwards a banker at the European Investment Bank.

Pais is a vegetarian and an animal protection activist.

Other websites
  Dr. A. (Arie) Pais Parlement.com

1930 births
Living people
Bankers
Dutch academics
Dutch activists
Dutch councillors
Dutch economists
Dutch provincial politicians
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Jewish academics
Jewish activists
Jewish Dutch politicians
Jewish scientists
Members of the Senate of the Netherlands
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians
Politicians from The Hague
Vegetarians
Jonkheer Pieter Adriaan Cornelis Beelaerts van Blokland (8 December 1932 – 22 September 2021) was a Dutch politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).

He was Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment from 1977 to 1981. In 1981, he was an MP. Beelaerts van Blokland was mayor of Wolphaartsdijk, Vianen, Amstelveen, Apeldoorn, and Hengelo. He was also Queen's Commissioner of the Province of Utrecht from 1985 to 1998.

References

Other websites
  Jhr.Drs. P.A.C. (Pieter) Beelaerts van Blokland, Parlement.com

1932 births
2021 deaths
Christian Democratic Appeal politicians
Christian Historical Union politicians
Dutch Calvinists
Dutch lobbyists
Dutch mayors
Dutch nobility
Dutch provincial politicians
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Politicians from South Holland
Willem Frederik "Wim" van Eekelen (born 5 February 1931) is a retired Dutch politician and diplomat. He is a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He also is a political scientist.

References

1931 births
Living people
Dutch lobbyists
European Union politicians
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Members of the Senate of the Netherlands
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians
Dutch political scientists
Politicians from Utrecht (city)
Louw de Graaf (12 April 1930 – 15 July 2020) was a Dutch politician. He was a member of the defunct Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and later the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and trade union leader.

De Graaf worked as a trade Union leader for the National Christian Trade Unions Federation from 1955 until 1977 and served as General-Secretary from 1970 until 1977. 

After the election of 1977 De Graaf was appointed as State Secretary for Social Affairs, taking office on 28 December 1977. 

De Graaf was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1981, taking office on 10 June 1981.

De Graaf died on 15 July 2020, aged 90.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
Anti-Revolutionary Party politicians
Christian Democratic Appeal politicians
Deputy government ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch Calvinists
Dutch trade unionists
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Politicians from Friesland
Eduard "Ed" van Thijn (; 16 August 1934 – 19 December 2021) was a Dutch politician of Jewish descent. He was a member of the Labour Party (PvdA). He also was a historian. After the election of 1981 Van Thijn was appointed as Minister of the Interior, taking office on 11 September 1981. In May 1983 Van Thijn was nominated as the next Mayor of Amsterdam.

In January 1994, Van Thijn became Minister of the Interior again from 18 January 1994 until 27 May 1994, when he resigned following the IRT-affair. He later was a Senator from 8 June 1999 until 12 June 2007.

Van Thijn died on 19 December 2021 in Amsterdam from problems caused by Parkinson's disease, aged 87.

References 

1934 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Dutch councillors
Dutch people of World War II
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Holocaust survivors
Jewish Dutch politicians
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
Mayors of Amsterdam
Members of the Senate of the Netherlands
Erwin Nypels (born 1 August 1933) is a Dutch politician. He was born in Bloemendaal, North Holland. He was the Minister of Housing and Spatial Planning in 1982.

Nypels was a member of Democrats 66.

References

1933 births
Living people
Democrats 66 politicians
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Politicians from North Holland
Shor's algorithm is a quantum algorithmic computing process for cryptography. Basically, it solves the following problem: Given an integer , find its prime factors.

Its effectiveness may eventually undermine the security of the important RSA encryption device.

References

Numbers
Algebra
Algorithms
Cawker City is a city in Mitchell County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 469 people lived there. The city is along the north shore of Waconda Lake and Glen Elder State Park.

The largest ball of twine in the world is in Cawker City.

History
Cawker City was created in 1870. It was named after Colonel E. H. Cawker because he won a game of poker. Cawker City was incorporated as a city in 1874.  The first post office in Cawker City was created in June 1870.

Geography
Cawker City is at  (39.508835, -98.433842). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land. The city is along the north shore of Waconda Lake.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 469 people, 244 households, and 132 families living in Cawker City.

Economy 
In 2017, a Dollar General store was built. This gave residents a nearby shopping place for food.

References

Other websites

City
 City of Cawker City
 Cawker City - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 272, local school district
Attractions
 Cawker City's Biggest Attraction: World's Largest Ball of Twine
Pictures
 Historic Images of Cawker City, Wichita State University Library
Maps
 Cawker City Map, KDOT

Cities in Mitchell County, Kansas
Yates Center is a city in Woodson County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Woodson County. In 2010, 1,417 people lived there.

History
Yates Center was created in August 1875. It was named for Abner Yates, the original owner of the town site. She donated an entire block around the courthouse, land for the churches, a city park, and a lot each for the first two children born in the town. Yates Center is the only town in Kansas to be chosen as a county seat before there was a house or person in its boundaries.

More than thirty buildings in downtown Yates Center are included in the Yates Center Courthouse Square Historic District.

Geography
Yates Center is at  (37.879948, -95.734522). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,417 people, 664 households, and 347 families living in Yates Center.

Education
Yates Center is served by USD 366 Woodson School District.

References

Other websites

City
 City of Yates Center
 Yates Center - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 366, local school district

Cities in Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Maps
 Yates Center City Map, KDOT
"De vogels van Holland" (, in English: "The birds of Holland") is a song by Dutch singer Jetty Paerl. Annie M. G. Schmidt and Cor Lemaire wrote it. It represented Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1956.

Eurovision Song Contest 1956

Selection 
"De vogels van Holland" participated in the Nationaal Songfestival 1956, a national final organized by Dutch broadcaster Nederlandse Televisie Stichting (NTS) in 1956. It was held in the AVRO TV studios in Hilversum on 24 April 1956.

Jetty Pearl performed the song after Corry Brokken with "Ik zei ja" and before Bert Visser with "Gina mia". People sent their votes through postcard. NTS announced the voting results on 5 May. "De vogels van Holland" placed 2nd with 1530 points. For that reason, NTS sent it to represent Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1956. They sent the winning song, "Voorgoed voorbij", too.

In the contest 
The song competed in the contest. It was held in the Teatro Kursaal in Lugano, Switzerland, on 24 May 1956. Jetty Paerl performed it. Fernando Paggi conducted the orchestra.

It was performed first, before Switzerland's Lys Assia with "Das alte Karussell". The song position is not known because the voting results were not revealed.

Related pages 
 Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest

Notes

References 

1956 songs
Pieter "Piet" Bukman (born 7 February 1934) is a retired Dutch politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party. He also is an economist.

Bukman was President of the European People's Party from 10 July 1985 until 30 July 1987. After the election of 1986 Bukman was appointed as Minister for Development Cooperation.

References

1934 births
Living people
Christian Democratic Appeal politicians
Deputy government ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch Calvinists
Dutch party chairs
Dutch trade unionists
European Union politicians
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
People from Delft
Politicians from South Holland
Speakers of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Frederik "Frits" Korthals Altes (born 15 May 1931) is a retired Dutch politician. He was a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He became Minister of State on 26 October 2001.

Altes was Chairman of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy from 15 March 1975 until 22 May 1981. He was elected as a Member of the Senate, taking office on 10 June 1981. After the election of 1982, Altes was appointed as Minister of Justice, taking office on 4 November 1982.

Other websites
  Mr. F. (Frits) Korthals Altes Parlement & Politiek
  Mr. F. Korthals Altes (VVD) Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal

1931 births
Living people
Dutch lawyers
Dutch party chairs
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Members of the Senate of the Netherlands
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians
Politicians from Amsterdam
Presidents of the Senate of the Netherlands
A tayberry is a cross between a blackberry and a red raspberry. The genetic cross was patented in 1979.

It is a cultivated shrub in the genus Rubus of the family Rosaceae. It was named after the River Tay in Scotland. The fruit is sweeter, much larger, and more aromatic than that of the loganberry. The loganberry is itself a blackberry and red raspberry cross.

The fruit do not pick easily by hand and cannot be machine harvested. They have not become a commercially grown berry crop. This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

References 

Fruits
Robert Blake (1598 – 17 August 1657) was one of the most important military commanders of the Commonwealth of England and one of the most famous English admirals of the 17th century. Blake is recognised as the chief founder of England's naval supremacy. Its dominance was inherited by the British Royal Navy.

References 

Admirals
England
Nasir ud din Mahmud was the eighth Sultan of the Mamluk Sultanate of Delhi (Slave dynasty). In the year 1246 he became the Sultan and ruled for 20 years. 

Ghiyasuddin Balban was his Prime minister as well as the actual ruler. After the death of Nasiruddin Mahmood in 1266 AD, Balban became the Sultan as Nasir-ud-din.

Sultans
The Mamluk Sultanate was a state that controlled Egypt, Palestine, and Syria from 1250 to 1517. The first sultans (kings) of the Mamluk Sultanate were mamluks (slave-soldiers) in the armies of the Ayyubid dynasty. The Mamluk Sultanate was the strongest military power in the central Muslim world. The Mamluk sultans also controlled south-eastern Asia Minor and western Arabia. Most of the sultanate's mamluks were Turkic people or Circassians. The Turkish language was the state's and the government's most important language.

References 

History of Egypt
History of Asia
1250 establishments
1517 disestablishments
Ishmael Mathew Ameal Levenston (23 July 1940 – 19 October 2019) was a Saban politician. He was the founder of the Saba Labour Party. He was a member of the Saba Island Council from 1975 to 1979 and again from 1983 through 1987.

Levenston died on 19 October 2019 of heart failure at a retirement center in The Bottom, aged 79.

References

1940 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Politicians
Aila Meriluoto (10 January 1924 – 21 October 2019) was a Finnish poet, writer and translator. She was born in Pieksämäki, Finland. She  became  the most celebrated and widely read female poet of post-war Finland. The themes of her poems were art and femininity. In collection Pahat unet (1956) some of the poems have a free form. The next collection, Portaat, came five years later.

In addition to poems, Meriluoto wrote novels, and books for young people.  She has translated works by Harry Martinson, Rainer Maria Rilke, Shakespeare and Goethe.

Meriluoto died in a care home in Helsinki on 21 October 2019, aged 95.

References

1924 births
2019 deaths
Finnish people
Feminist writers
Poets
Harry Martinson (6May 190411February 1978) was a Swedish author, poet and former sailor. In 1949 he was elected into the Swedish Academy. He was awarded a joint Nobel Prize in Literature in 1974 "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos". 

Martinson killed himself at a Stockholm hospital by cutting his stomach open with a pair of scissors on 11 February 1978.

References

1904 births
1978 deaths
Suicides by blade weapons
Swedish writers
Eyvind Johnson (29 July 1900 – 25 August 1976) was a Swedish novelist and short story writer. He became a member of the Swedish Academy in 1957 and shared the Nobel Prize in Literature with Harry Martinson in 1974 with the citation: for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom.

References

1900 births
1976 deaths
Swedish writers
Santos Juliá Díaz (1940–23 October 2019) was a Spanish historian and sociologist. He was born in Ferrol, Spain. He studied at the Complutense University of Madrid. He was professor emeritus of Social History and Political Thought at the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED). 

Díaz died on 23 October 2019 in Madrid at the age of 79.

Works

Notes

References

1940 births
2019 deaths
Spanish historians
European sociologists
Ferrol (In the neighbourhood of Strabo's Cape Nerium, modern day Cape Prior) (), is a city in the Province of A Coruña in Galicia, on the Atlantic coast in north-western Spain. According to the 2014 census, the city has a population of 70,389.

References

Cities in Galicia
Municipalities in Galicia
Jo Ann McIntosh Zimmerman (December 24, 1936 – October 23, 2019) was an American politician. She was the 42nd Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 1987 to 1991. Zimmerman was a member of the Democratic Party. She was the first woman to serve in the office of Lieutenant Governor in Iowa history. Zimmerman was born in Keosauqua, Iowa.

Zimmerman died of pulmonary fibrosis-related problems on October 23, 2019 in Des Moines, Iowa at the age of 82.

References

Other websites
Iowa government profile 

1936 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pulmonary fibrosis
Lieutenant Governors of Iowa
US Democratic Party politicians
Tracy is the second most populated city in San Joaquin County, California, United States. The population was 82,922 at the 2010 census.

References 

Cities in California
Settlements in San Joaquin County, California
Clay Center is a city in Clay County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Clay County. In 2010, 4,334 people lived there.

History
Clay Center was created in 1862. It was named "Clay Center" because it was the geographical center of Clay County.

The first post office in Clay Center was built on July 3, 1862.

Clay Center was on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads.

Geography
Clay Center is at  (39.379920, -97.123168). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land. Clay Center is unique, because it is the geographic midpoint between Los Angeles, California and New York City, the two biggest American cities.  Both cities are exactly  from Clay Center.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 4,334 people, 1,920 households, and 1,172 families living in Clay Center.

Famous people
 Herb Bradley, professional baseball player
 Tracy Claeys, Washington State football defensive coordinator and former University of Minnesota football head coach
 Warren Henry Cole, surgeon who pioneered X-ray use in medicine
 George Docking, former governor of Kansas
 Steve Doocy, host for Fox News Fox & Friends tv talk show and author
 Tenney Frank, noted scholar and historian
 Lady Greyhound (dog), marketing mascot for Greyhound Lines in the late 1950s
 Nicole Ohlde, basketball player and WNBA player
 Otto D. Unruh, two-time Bethel College football coach and 21-year coaching career at Clay Center Kansas High School
 William D. Vincent, United States Representative

References

Other websites
 Clay Center - Official
 Clay Center Chamber
 Clay Center - Directory of Public Officials
 Clay Center - Info
Schools
 USD 379, local school district
Media
 Clay Center Dispatch
 KCLY Radio Station 100.9 FM
Maps
 Clay Center City Map, KDOT

Cities in Clay County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
1862 establishments in Kansas
Manfred Bruns (July 1934 – 22 October 2019) was a German federal attorney and LGBTQ activist. He worked at the Federal Court of Justice of Germany. Until 2016, he was a member of the Board of Directors of the Lesbian and Gay Association (LSVD). Bruns was born in Linz am Rhein, Germany. He was known for his efforts to push for political activity to fight against AIDS in Germany.

Bruns died in Karlsruhe, Germany on 22 October 2019 of liver failure at the age of 85.

References

1934 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from liver failure
German lawyers
German political activists
German LGBT people
People from Stuttgart
Clearwater is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 2,481 people lived there.

History
Clearwater was created in 1870. It was platted as a city in 1872. It was named Clearwater because of the clear water of the river where the city is. The first post office in Clearwater was created in 1871. The name of the post office called Clear Water until 1894.  The Chisholm Trail went along the east side of the city from 1867 to 1871.

Geography
Clearwater is southwest of Wichita, Kansas at  (37.505646, -97.501516). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 2,481 people, 908 households, and 660 families living in Clearwater.

Education
Clearwater has the Clearwater USD 264 public school district.

Famous people
 Raymond Goertz, roboticist
 Cara Gorges, 2007 Miss Kansas USA
 Pamela Horton, Playboy Playmate of the Month for October 2012.
 Logan Mize, Country Artist

References

Other websites

City
 City of Clearwater
 Clearwater - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 264, local school district
 USD 264 School District Boundary Map, KDOT
Historical
 Clearwater Historical Society
Maps
 Clearwater City Map, KDOT

Cities in Sedgwick County, Kansas
1870 establishments in the United States
Raymond John Leppard  (11 August 1927 – 22 October 2019) was a British-American conductor, harpsichordist, composer and editor. He was born in London.

In the 1960s, he had an important role in the rebirth of interest in Baroque music. He conducted operas at major international opera houses and festivals, including the Glyndebourne Festival where he led the world premiere of Nicholas Maw's The Rising of the Moon, the Metropolitan Opera and the Royal Opera House. 

He composed movie scores such as Lord of the Flies. From 1987 through 2001, Leppard was the Director of the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra.

Leppard died in Indianapolis, Indiana on 22 October 2019 at the age of 92.

References

1927 births
2019 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
British conductors
20th-century British composers
American conductors
20th-century American composers
Writers from London
Writers from Indianapolis, Indiana
21st-century British composers
21st-century American composers
Quenemo is a city in Osage County, Kansas, United States. It is along the Marais des Cygnes River. In 2010, 388 people lived there.

History
Quenemo was planned out around 1870. Quenemo was the name of a Sac and Fox Indian chief. A fire in 1878 destroyed a lot of the town. Quenemo had a lot of growth in 1884 after the AT&SF railroad was built through it.

Geography
Quenemo is at  (38.580413, -95.527895).  The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

Quenemo is part of the Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 388 people, 139 households, and 90 families living in Quenomo.

Education
Quenemo is a part of USD 456 Marais des Cygnes Valley. The district high school is Marais des Cygnes Valley High School. Their mascot is the Trojans.

References

Other websites
City
 Quenemo - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 456, local school district
Maps
 Quenemo City Map, KDOT

Cities in Osage County, Kansas
In the early hours of 23 October 2019, 39 dead bodies were found in a freight container in Grays, Essex, England. The lorry cab is owned by an Irish company. It had been registered Bulgaria, but had not been there since 2017. It travelled from the Netherlands through Belgium before arriving in the United Kingdom at Purfleet, Essex, from Zeebrugge. 

Investigations are ongoing in regard to how the lorry passed through security at the border.

Investigations were led by the Essex Police, but made international by the end of the day.

The lorry driver is a 25-year-old man from Portadown, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. The Guardian reported that there are several photographs of him with the lorry cab involved in the incident on his Facebook page. He was arrested at the scene, on suspicion of murder. He drove it from Purfleet to Grays.

References

2019 crimes in Europe
2019 disasters
2010s in the United Kingdom
Crime in England
Disasters in the United Kingdom
Essex
October 2019 events
Quinter is a city in Gove County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 918 people lived there.

History
The city of Quinter is built at the place of an old railroad switching place called Melota. A town named Familton was built there in 1885, and it had a hotel in it.  The U.S. Government would not create a post office under the Familton name because of possible confusion with other names in the state, so another had to be chosen. The name Quinter was chosen. It was named after Rev. James Quinter, a local Baptist Brethren minister.

The city received some small national attention in November 2006 when longtime resident Waldo McBurney, age 104, was said to be the oldest worker in the United States.

Geography
Quinter is at  (39.065706, -100.236828). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 918 people, 374 households, and 251 families living in Quinter.

Fmous people
 Brent Barrett, American actor and tenor
 Scott Huffman, Olympic pole vaulter
 Robert Maxwell, World War II combat veteran and Medal of Honor recipient
 Waldo McBurney, centenarian
 Maggie McIntosh, State legislator

References

Other websites
Schools
 USD 293, local school district
Maps
 Quinter City Map, KDOT

Cities in Kansas
Marieke Vervoort (10 May 1979 – 22 October 2019) was a Belgian Paralympic athlete. She suffered from an incurable, degenerative muscle disease. In the 2012 Summer Paralympics, Vervoort won a gold and silver medal. In the 2016 Summer Paralympics, she won a silver and bronze medal. 

She won several medals at Paralympics, she received world attention in 2016 when she revealed that she supported euthanasia. She was born in Diest, Belgium.

Vervoort ended her life through euthanasia on 22 October 2019 at the age of 40.

References

1979 births
2019 deaths
Deaths by euthanasia
Drug-related suicides
Competitors in athletics
Belgian sportspeople
Miguel Saiz (May 17, 1949 – October 22, 2019) was an Uruguayan-born Argentine politician. He was born in Montevideo. He was a member of the Radical Civic Union (UCR). He was the Governor of Río Negro Province from 2003 until 2011.

Saiz died at a Buenos Aires hospital on October 22, 2019 from heart failure at the age of 70.

References

1949 births
2019 deaths
Uruguayan politicians
Argentine politicians
Deaths from heart failure
People from Montevideo
People from Buenos Aires
Udall is a city in Cowley County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 746 people lived there.

History
The first post office in Udall was built in September 1879. J.M. Napier and P.W. Smith Bought a ten-acre area of land from I.N Nelson in 1879. Udall was planned out in 1881 by Napier and Smith. It was named after English author Cornelius Udall.

1955 tornado
On May 25, 1955, the deadliest tornado to ever hit Kansas hit Udall at 10:35 p.m. The town was destroyed by an  wide F5 tornado. Every building within the city limits was hit, including the grain elevator, water tower, old grade school, new high school, city hall, three churches. The water tower had been knocked over and the streets were flooded. Vehicles were thrown hundreds of yards and destroyed. 77 people died. 270 people were injured. 192 buildings (170 homes) were destroyed. Around 50% of families had one or more members of their families who died in the tornado.

Before hitting Udall, there were no warnings issued by the Weather Bureau. Unknown to them, the same tornado-producing thunderstorm had just hit the city of Blackwell, Oklahoma, where 20 people died and 250 were injured.

Geography
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 746 people, 289 households, and 203 families living in Udall.

Education
Udall is part of Udall USD 463 public school district.

References

More reading
County
 History of Cowley County Kansas; D.A. Millington / E.P. Greer; Winfield Courier; 162 pages; 1901. (Download 16MB PDF eBook)
Kansas
 History of the State of Kansas; William G. Cutler; A.T. Andreas Publisher; 1883. (Online HTML eBook)
 Kansas : A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc; 3 Volumes; Frank W. Blackmar; Standard Publishing Co; 944 / 955 / 824 pages; 1912. (Volume1 - Download 54MB PDF eBook), (Volume2 - Download 53MB PDF eBook), (Volume3 - Download 33MB PDF eBook)

Other websites

 City of Udall
 Photos from 1955 tornado damage 

Cities in Cowley County, Kansas
Waldo is a city in Russell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 30.

History
The Union Town Company created the town of Waldo on October 1, 1888. This is because they got 280 acres of land on a line of the Union Pacific Railroad. The community grew, having about 300 people by 1915. A small business community, including a bank, stores, and three grain elevators, developed during the 1900s. The town was an agricultural shipping and receiving point for the area around it. Waldo incorporated as a city in May 1911.

Since the 1930s, the number of people in Waldo starting decreasing. Waldo High School closed in 1964, and Waldo Grade School closed in 1979.  In 1993, Union Pacific left its rail line through Waldo, ending rail service to the city.

Geography
Waldo is at  (39.120162, -98.797863). It has an elevation of 1,713 feet (522 m). The city is on U.S. Route 281 in north-central Kansas. It is  northwest of Wichita,  west of Kansas City, and  north-northeast of Russell.

It is in the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains. Waldo is on the east bank of the West Fork of Wolf Creek, part of the Saline River watershed.

The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 30 people, 15 households, and 7 families living in Waldo.

Infrastructure

Transportation
U.S. Route 281 and Kansas Highway 18 (K-18) go east-west through Waldo.

Utilities
Western Electric gives electricity to the people. Gorham Telephone gives landline telephone service, and it offers cable television and internet access. Most residents use privately stored propane for heating fuel.

Media
Waldo is in the Wichita-Hutchinson, Kansas television market.

References

Other websites

City
 Waldo - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 399, local school district
Maps
 Waldo City Map, KDOT

Cities in Russell County, Kansas
1888 establishments in Kansas
The Kanephoros ( (pl.  Kanephoroi), latinate plural form Canephorae, refers to "Basket Bearer(s)") was an honorary term for young, unmarried women chosen to lead a festival in Ancient Greece.

References

Sources 
 Brulé, Pierre (translated by Antonia Nevill). Women of Ancient Greece. Edinburgh University Press, 2003, , 2003.
 Dillon, Matthew. Girls and Women in Classical Greek Religion. Routledge, 2003, .
 Goff, Barbara E. Citizen Bacchae: Women’s Ritual Practice in Ancient Greece. University of California Press, 2004, .
 Roccos, Linda Jones. "The Kanephoros and her Festival Mantle in Greek Art", American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 99, No. 4, October 1995, pp. 641–666.

Ancient Greece
Religion
Culture
Women
The Episcopal Diocese of Chicago is the official organization of the Episcopal Church in Chicago and Northern Illinois. The diocese is served by Jeffrey Lee, who serves as bishop of the diocese, and Christopher Epting, who served as Assistant Bishop in the diocese until his planned retirement in December 2015. The mother church of the diocese is St. James Cathedral, which is the oldest Episcopal congregation in the city of Chicago.

References

Anglicanism
Chicago, Illinois
Jeffrey Dean Lee is a bishop of the Episcopal Church. He is the twelfth and current Bishop of Chicago since 2008.

References

Living people
People from Kalamazoo, Michigan
People from Chicago
Bishops
James Winchester Montgomery (May 29, 1921 – October 23, 2019) was an American bishop. He was the ninth bishop of Chicago in The Episcopal Church. He was born in Chicago.

Montgomery died on October 23, 2019 in Naperville, Illinois at the age of 98.

References

1921 births
2019 deaths
Bishops
People from Chicago
People from Naperville, Illinois
Mikhail Innokentyevich Semyonov (, 26 November 1938 – 18 October 2019) was a Russian politician. He was born in Nukutsky District, Irkutsk Oblast, Soviet Union. He was the Chairman of the People's Khural of the Republic of Buryatia from 21 July 1994 through 23 June 2002.

Semyonov died on Ulan-Ude, Buryatia, Russia on 18 October 2019 from a long-illness at the age of 80.

References

1938 births
2019 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Russia
Russian politicians
The Eurasian plate is a tectonic plate. It includes most of the continent of Eurasia. This is a huge landmass with the traditional continents of Europe and northern Asia. 

It does not include the Indian subcontinent,  Arabia, and the area east of the Chersky Range in East Siberia. It does include oceanic crust  west to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and north to the Gakkel Ridge.

Tectonic plates
Europe
Asia
The South American plate is a major tectonic plate which includes the continent of South America. It also includes part of the Atlantic Ocean seabed. This extends east to the African plate. They meet at the southern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

The easterly edge is a divergent boundary because it has been moving west for about 60 million years. Its western and southern edges are complicated, with a number of small plates. The Nazca plate on the western edge is moving under the South American plate. This subduction has caused the Andes mountain chain.

Tectonic plates
South America
The Indo-Australian plate is a major tectonic plate. 

It includes the continent of Australia and surrounding ocean. To the northwest it includes the Indian subcontinent and adjacent waters. It was formed by the fusion of Indian and Australian plates about 43 million years ago.

References 

Tectonic plates
Australia
India
In the Book of Genesis, Eve is the world’s first woman created by God to be a wife to Adam.  Eve is placed in the Garden of Eden and allowed to eat any fruit except the fruit of The Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil because if she eats it she will die. A snake convinces her to eat it anyway. She then gives it to her husband who also eats it.  They then realize they are naked. An angel is then sent to banish her and Adam from the garden so that they can’t eat the fruit of The Tree of Life and live forever.   God gives them clothes and says that Eve will become the mother of all humans and be very respected but that her husband will rule over her. Eve gives birth to a son and she names him Cain. She then gives birth to a second son named Abel.

Biblical people
Leonard Hofstadter is a fictional character in the television show The Big Bang Theory.  Leonard is from New Jersey. His father is an anthropologist and his mother is a neuroscientist.  Leonard’s parents made him learn to play the cello and become a scientist even though he wanted to be a rapper “like Snoop Dogg but with a little more healthy respect for the police”. Leonard was on the debate team in school and says that if he had not had glasses, he would have been “the coolest kid on the debate team to get constantly shoved into his locker.” Leonard also mentions that he once had a bully who gave him such a terrible wedgie that it temporarily moved one of his testicles.  He also says that he hated high school because he was never popular and that his mother never let him celebrate his birthday because “that was her accomplishment, not mine” and that his parents never paid attention to his achievements.  Leonard got his Phd at Princeton and got a job working at Caltech.  He became a roommate of Sheldon Cooper because he couldn’t afford an apartment with only his own money.  He almost accidentally gave American nuclear secrets to his girlfriend Joyce Kim not realizing that she was a North Korean spy but Sheldon Cooper annoyed her so much that she left before he could give her anything.  When a beautiful  girl named Penny moves in across the hall from Leonard and Sheldon, Leonard falls in love with her.  Leonard tried to get her to like him but thanks to Sheldon she finds out that Leonard has Luke Skywalker shampoo and Darth Vader conditioner uses the periodic table as a shower curtain and plays boggle in Klingon with his friends including Sheldon, Rajesh Koothrapalli and Howard Wolowitz leading her to think that he is a nerd.  For most of the show Leonard is trying to start a relationship with Penny and they eventually date and get married.

Television characters
A swirly or swirlie is a form of bullying in which the victim's head is put into a toilet.  Some people have questioned whether swirlies are real or whether they were invented for television and other fiction.

In fiction

On television, one or more bigger people, usually high school boys, pick up the victim.  Then they dunk the victim's head in a toilet and flush it.  The swirling water gives the swirly its name.  For example, on the television show Archer, Archer tells Lana about how he got pneumonia from getting a swirly in high school: Two bigger boys had picked him up, turned him upside down, and put his head in a toilet.  On The Simpsons, Bart Simpson gets a swirly from Jimbo Jones.

In real life

There are a few reports of swirlies in real life.  In some, the "victim" agreed to be part of the swirly. In other reports, the victim describes the swirly almost exactly like a swirly in fiction.  One Blair Academy wrestler talked about being given swirlies and other abuse from older teammates.  In others, the person giving the swirly is an adult or even a parent and not an older child.

References

Bullying
Fredderick Edmund VanVleet Sr. (born February 25, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for the Toronto Raptors of the NBA.

1994 births
Living people
Toronto Raptors players
Sportspeople from Illinois
African-American basketball players
American basketball players