cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
is a prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is on the island of Honshu. Its capital is the city of Gifu.

Gifu is part of the Tōkai region. Shirakawa in Gifu is a UNESCO's World Heritage Site.

History
In the Meiji period, Gifu Prefecture was created by merging several old provinces, including Hida Province and Mino Province.

"Gifu" may have been named by Oda Nobunaga.

Geography
Gifu shares borders with seven other prefectures: Aichi Prefecture, Fukui Prefecture, Ishikawa Prefecture, Mie Prefecture, Nagano Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture and Toyama Prefecture.

Landmarks
 Kinkazan and Gifu Castle
 Takayama
 Joining hands-structure of Shirakawa-go
 Gero hot springs

Special products
 Ayu-cuisine
 Eel
 Hida beef

Cities 
 Ena, Gifu
 Gero, Gifu 
 Gifu, Gifu, capital
 Gujō, Gifu
 Hashima, Gifu
 Hida, Gifu
 Kakamigahara, Gifu
 Kani, Gifu
 Kaizu, Gifu
 Mino, Gifu
 Minokama, Gifu
 Mizuho, Gifu
 Mizunami, Gifu
 Motosu, Gifu
 Nakatsugawa, Gifu
 Ōgaki, Gifu
 Seki, Gifu
 Tajimi, Gifu
 Takayama, Gifu
 Toki, Gifu
 Yamagata, Gifu

National parks
National parks cover about 18% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Otaki Limestone Cave
Otaki Limestone cave is one of the biggest limestone caves in Japan. There is no daylight inside, so you may feel that the air in there is very still. If you go there in summer, you may feel cool, and if you go there in winter, you may feel much warmer than outside of it. The walls are made of limestone and look milky white.

Shrines and temples
Hidaichinomiya-Minashi jinja is the main Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 F.C. Gifu

References

Other websites 

Gifu Prefecture's Official website 
A prefectural office of Gifu
Douglas Clayton Durdle (born September 1, 1972) is an English professional wrestler that is currently signed to TNA Wrestling wrestling under the ring name, Douglas Williams.

Signature moves
Bombs Away (TNA) / Bomb Scare (Independent circuit) (Diving knee drop)
Chaos Theory (Williams pushes the opponent from behind into the turnbuckles, grabs hold of their waist, rolls backwards with them and follows up with a bridging German suplex)
Guillotine choke – 2010
Revolution DDT (Tornado DDT)
Signature moves
Anarchy Knee (Running high knee)
British Figure Four Leglock (Reverse figure four leglock)
Cravate, sometimes with repeated knee strikes to the opponent's head
European uppercut, sometimes from the top rope
Inverted Gory special
Bridging/Release double underhook suplex, sometimes from the top rope
Northern Lights suplex
Push up facebusters
Snap suplex transitioned into a gutwrench suplex and finished with an exploder suplex

Championships and accomplishments 

 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 PWI ranked him #45 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2010

 Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
 IWGP Tag Team Championship (one time) with Brutus Magnus
 TNA Television Championship (two times)
 TNA World Tag Team Championship (one time) with Brutus Magnus
 TNA X Division Championship (one time)

Other websites 
 TNA.com Profile 
 

1972 births
Living people

English professional wrestlers
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
Philidor's defence, usually called the Philodor, is one of the basic chess openings. It was used often by the 18th century master Philidor, and he published analysis about it in his textbook L'Analyse du jeu des échecs (1849).

Variations

Philidor's counter-gambit 
1.e4 e5 
2.Nf3 d6
3.d4 f5

Main line 
1.e4 e5
2.Nf3 d6
3.d4 exd4
4.Nxd4 Nf6
5.Nc3 Be7 or 5...g6 followed by 6...Bg7

Transposition 
Black can reach a line called the Hanham variation by transposing from the Pirc defence:
1.e4 d6
2.d4 Nf6
3.Nc3 Nbd7
4.Nf3 e5

Kosten, Tony 1992. Winning with the Philidor. Batsford, London.
List of chess openings

Chess openings
Robert Boyle FRS (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was a 17th-century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor and founding member of the Royal Society.

Boyle was born in Ireland to a titled Anglo-Irish family. He was the fourteenth child of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, who had arrived in Ireland in 1588.

Career
Robert Boyle is best known for Boyle's law.

When Robert Hooke was young, Boyle employed him as an instrument-maker and assistant. They continued to cooperate when Hooke took charge of experiments at the Royal Society.

Scientific research was the main focus of Boyle's life.  He joined other like-minded men in a group which called itself the "Invisible College".  He was part of the group which founded the Royal Society in 1660.
 
Boyle was an alchemist, but also the first modern chemist. His 1661 book, The Sceptical Chymist, is important in the history of chemistry.

Religious interests
As a director of the East India Company Boyle spent large sums in promoting the spread of Christianity in the East. He contributed liberally to missionary societies and to the expenses of translating the Bible or portions of it into various languages.

Boyle supported the policy that the Bible should be available in the language of the people, in contrast to the Latin-only policy of the Roman Catholic Church at the time.

References

Further reading
 Hunter, Michael. (2000). Robert Boyle, 1627-91: scrupulosity and science. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. ;  OCLC 185478148
 __. 2009. Boyle: between God and science. New Haven: Yale University Press. ;  OCLC 698916661

1627 births
1691 deaths
English chemists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Irish physicists
English physicists
Commelinoideae is a subfamily of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family (Commelinaceae). The Commelinoideae is one of two subfamilies within the Commelinaceae and includes 39 genera (out of 41 in the family) and all but 12 of the family's several hundred known species.

Commelinaceae
Emma Bunton, also known as Baby Spice, is a British singer-songwriter and television promoter. She was born on 21 January 1976. She was a member of girl group the Spice Girls. She gained her nickname from being the youngest member of the group and also because she looked young. She was a contestant in the 2006 series of Strictly Come Dancing. She is also the host of the Heart FM Saturday evening show from 4pm to 7pm.

On 12 August 2012, the Spice Girls performed a medley of "Wannabe" and "Spice Up Your Life" at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony. They got back together just for the event. Their performance was the most tweeted moment of the Olympics closing ceremony with over 116,000 tweets on Twitter per minute.

Personal life
Bunton's long-term partner since 1998 is singer Jade Jones. The couple have two sons: Beau Lee Jones and Tate Lee Jones. She is also a godmother to Geri Halliwell's daughter Bluebell Madonna Halliwell, alongside Victoria Beckham.

References

1976 births
Living people
English pop musicians
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from London
Spice Girls
Strictly Come Dancing participants
The steeplechase is an obstacle race in athletics, which derives its name from the word steeplechase in horse racing. its when you have to run around the track over hurdles an water to win

Related pages
 Sprint
 Middle distance race
 Walking race
 Hurdle race
 Relay
 Long distance race
 Cross-country race
 Marathon

Running
Kenneth Anderson (born March 6, 1976 in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin) is an American professional wrestler who is currently wrestling for TNA Wrestling under the ring name, Mr. Anderson and is the current reigning TNA World Heavyweight Champion. Anderson also wrestled for WWE from 2005 to 2009 as Mr. Kennedy before being released by the company because it was reported that Kennedy had injured his wrist during his last match with the company, and a stiff back suplex almost injured Randy Orton.

References

Other websites
 Mr. Kennedy's Official website
 website  at tnawrestling.com

1976 births
American professional wrestlers
Living people
People from Green Bay, Wisconsin
Sportspeople from Wisconsin
South Sudan is a country in Africa. Its official name is the Republic of South Sudan. It used to be a part of Sudan. A civil war began in 2013.

The landlocked country is bordered by Ethiopia to the east; Kenya to the southeast; Uganda to the south; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the southwest; the Central African Republic to the west; and the Republic of Sudan to the north. South Sudan includes the vast swamp region of the Sudd formed by the White Nile, locally called the Bahr al Jabal.

History
What is now South Sudan was once part of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. This part of the British Empire became the Republic of Sudan when independence was achieved in 1956. After the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was formed in 1972 and lasted until 1983. A second Sudanese civil war soon developed and ended with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005. Later that year, the Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan was formed. South Sudan became an independent state on 9 July 2011 at midnight local time, after a referendum held in January 2011. In the referendum, nearly 99% of voters wanted to separate from the rest of Sudan.

The United Nations Security Council met on 13 July 2011 to formally discuss membership for the Republic of South Sudan. The next day, 14 July 2011, South Sudan became a United Nations member state. South Sudan has also applied to join the Commonwealth of Nations, the East African Community, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank. The country was declared eligible to apply for membership in the Arab League as well.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, one athlete from South Sudan competed under the flag of the International Olympic Committee. In 2013 a civil war broke out.

Geography
Its capital is Juba.  Between eight and twelve million people live there.  Over 200 languages are spoken, but the official language is English. Arabic is also spoken by many people.

The main religion is Christianity, practised by nearly 78% of the population. Another 20% practise African traditional religions, and just 3% are Muslim.

Much of South Sudan's economy is based on oil, but they also have a large lumber industry mainly consisting of teak.  It is a very poor and under-developed country. There is very little infrastructure, and the civil wars have caused a lot of damage.

References

Notes

Sudan
 
2011 establishments
Least developed countries
2010s establishments in Africa
English-speaking countries
S Club, formerly S Club 7 and currently touring under the name S Club 3 and a bit are a British pop group. They formed in 1998 in London and split up in 2003. The group reunited in 2008 with Jo O'Meara, Bradley McIntosh and Paul Cattermole and was renamed S Club.

Discography

Studio albums
1994: S Club
1997: '7'
1999: Sunshine
2000: Seeing Double

1998 establishments in England
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
English pop music groups
Musical groups established in 1998
Musical groups from London
The New York Times Best Seller list is a list of best-selling books in the United States that has been published weekly on Sundays by the New York Times, a New York City based newspaper since 9 April 1942. It is also released a stand-alone publication, meaning it is sometimes published separately outside of the newspaper, and can also be found online. The list is usually split into fiction and non-fiction sections; each contain ten to twenty titles.

Newspapers in New York City
Books
Muskmelons (Cucumis melo) are a type of melon. Cantaloupes are a popular type of muskmelon, but there are other types like the Honeydew Melon.  They come from Persia  (Iran) and nearby countries.  They were transported west to Europe near the time of Christ's birth.  The name Cantaloupe comes from the italian town they were cultivated in: Cantalupo nel Sannio

The name of the muskmelon comes from the words "musk," which means "perfume" in Persian and "melon," which is French and comes from a Latin word melonem (melo in the accusative form - direct object function in a sentence) that means "fruit of a cucurbit."

History
Muskmelons are native to Iran, as well as parts of India and Afghanistan.  The first known mention of the muskmelon was in Greece in the 3rd century BC. There is an old Egyptian painting that shows a fruit some people think was a muskmelon. In the first century AD, Romans knew about the muskmelon, and both the Greeks and Romans found that it could be used as medicine or to eat. At about this time, China also found out about the muskmelon.

During the Middle Ages the muskmelon spread across Europe to as far west as Spain and Christopher Columbus brought seeds of it to the Caribbean in 1494.  In the 1600s it was being grown across North America by the Spanish, the English and Native Americans.  By 1650 the muskmelon was being grown in Brazil.

Taste
Muskmelons can widely vary in taste, depending on each fruit: some are sweet and some more closely resemble their cucurbitaceae cousin, the cucumber, in taste.  In 1513, a Spanish writer said of the muskmelon that "the good [muskmelons] are like good women, and the bad like bad women."  Maybe expecting all melons to be sweet, which is not the case as mentioned earlier.

References

Melons
Cucurbitales
The 2006 Hengchun earthquake happened on Tuesday December 26, 2006 at 12:25 UTC (20:25 local time) near Taiwan. On the surface the center of the earthquake was about 22.8 km west southwest of Hengchun, Pingtung County, Taiwan.  The center of the earthquake underground was 21.9 km deep in the Luzon Strait ().

Reports of the strength of the quake do not all agree. Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau reported 7.0 ML  The United States Geological Survey estimated the quake to be 7.1 Mw  The Hong Kong Observatory   and the Japan Meteorological Agency  said 7.2 Mw. Taiwan's Central News Agency reported that it was the strongest earthquake to hit Hengchun in one hundred years. The earthquake hurt and killed many people and damaged many buildings. It also damaged several undersea cables. The broken cables were a problem for telecommunication services in parts of Asia.

The date of the earthquake was unusual. The earthquake happened exactly two years after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake that caused terrible damage to the coastal communities across Southeast and South Asia. It was also exactly three years after the 2003 earthquake that almost destroyed the southern Iranian city of Bam.

Tsunami warning

Taiwan
This earthquake was the first time Taiwan detected a tsunami. The water level changed only 25 cm and did not damage anything.

Warning from agencies in other areas
An early tsunami warning came from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). They reported that the earthquake caused a 1-meter tsunami. It was moving towards the east coast of the Philippines. The Hong Kong Observatory also reported a tsunami that would probably not affect Hong Kong.

Related pages
 List of earthquakes
 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake

References

Other websites

 US Geological Survey (USGS) earthquake report 
 Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau earthquake report
 Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan The CWB maintains an up-to-date record of earthquakes and their aftershocks.
 Reuters article
 BBC NEWS article
 CNN article 
  International Herald Tribune article 
 Singapore's Channel NewsAsia report on 28 December 2006 

2006 in Asia
2000s in Taiwan
Earthquakes in Taiwan
Earthquakes in the 2000s
December events
The Cuban solenodon or almiqui (Solenodon cubanus) is a species of soricomorph that is endemic to Cuba. It belongs to the family Solenodontidae along with a similar species, the Hispaniolan Solenodon (Solenodon paradoxus). The solenodon is unusual among mammals in that its saliva is venomous. Since its discovery in 1861 by the German naturalist Wilhelm Peters.

Soricomorphs
Chicago Tribune is a major newspaper that serves Chicago, Illinois. It was founded on June 10, 1847 by James Kelly, John E. Wheeler and Joseph K. C. Forrest. The Tribune was also known for running the wrong result in its headline, "DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN" during the 1948 United States presidential election which it was expected Thomas E. Dewey would defeat Harry S. Truman.

References

Other websites
Official website

1847 establishments in the United States
Tribune
1840s establishments in Illinois
Nicole Elizabeth "Snooki" LaValle (née Polizzi; born November 23, 1987) is an American reality television personality, television host, author, professional wrestler, and dancer. She is best known for being a cast member of the MTV reality show Jersey Shore and starring in Snooki & Jwoww and Jersey Shore: Family Vacation. She earned $150,000 per Jersey Shore episode by the last season. 

She also appeared as the guest hostess for WWE Raw in 2011 and competed at WrestleMania XXVII that same year.

References

1987 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Writers from New York City
Writers from New Jersey
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Sportspeople from New York City
American television presenters
American dancers
Television personalities from New Jersey
Television personalities from New York City
People from Santiago
Jennifer Lynn "Jenni" Farley (born February 27, 1986), also known as JWoww, is an American television personality. She is known for being one of the eight main cast members in the MTV reality series Jersey Shore, and is a main cast member of its spin-off, Snooki & Jwoww.

References

1986 births
Living people
Television personalities from New York City
Television personalities from New Jersey
Models from New York
Ronald Magro Jr. (born December 4, 1985) is an American television personality and actor. He is best known as one of the eight main cast members in the MTV reality series Jersey Shore. She was born in The Bronx, New York City.

In 2017, Ortiz-Magro appeared in the second season of the E! reality series Famously Single. 

In 2018, Ronnie Ortiz-Magro became part of the main cast in the MTV reality television series Jersey Shore: Family Vacation.

References

Other websites
 

1985 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
Television personalities from New York City
Stephen Andrew Baldwin (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor. He is known for his conservative religious and political beliefs. He is the youngest of the Baldwin brothers. He was a housemated in the 2010 series of Big Brother (UK).

References 

1966 births
Living people
Actors from New York
American movie actors
American movie directors
American movie producers
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
Tropical Cyclone Yasi was a tropical cyclone that caused a lot of damage when it reached the Australian coast at about midnight on Wednesday 2 February 2011. The storm which started in the Coral Sea, destroyed hundreds of homes in the northern Queensland towns of Tully, Mission Beach, Innisfail and Cardwell. Yasi was a Category Five storm, the highest level, with winds of about 300 km/h. It was the biggest storm in Queensland's history, with more than 10,000 people moved from their homes. The storm passed between the two big cities of Cairns and Townsville which only suffered minor damage. Early estimates of damage put the cost at about AU$100 million.

Cyclone Yasi did not cause the damage that government expected as it missed major cities. It did however destroy 30% of the houses in Tully. At least 75% of the banana crop was destroyed, and damage to the sugar cane farms is expected to cost about AU$500 million. One person died when they were poisoned by fumes from a portable generator. Damage to power lines left 150,000 homes without electricity.

The rainforest around Mission Beach was flattened by the cyclone. This meant that most of the food and shelter needed for the wildlife has been destroyed. The Southern Cassowary, a large endangered bird, will need help to survive in the forest. After Cyclone Larry in 2006 it is thought that about one third of the cassowaries at Mission Beach died from starvation. A group, called Rainforest Rescue, is going to set up feeding areas in the forest for the birds.

References

Other websites
 Photos of damage from Cyclone Yasi
 Rainforest Rescue

2011 in weather
2011 in Australia
February 2011 events
Queensland
Tropical cyclones in Oceania
Fianna Fáil is an Irish political party. It was founded in 1926 by Éamon DeValera and Constance Markievicz,
. Its leader is Micheál Martin, who has also been Taoiseach since 2020. It was a faction of Sinn Fein - another Irish political party alongside Fine Gael - before splitting to become its own political party in 1926. Its name is translated from Irish as 'Soldiers of Destiny' but literally means 'Warriors of Fál' (Fál was the name of Ireland in legends). 

The party is part of a coalition government with Fine Gael and the Green Party, with Fianna Fáil being the largest party in the Dáil Éireann.

Presidents/Leaders
There have been eight leaders of the Fianna Fáil since its creation in 1926. They are:
 Éamon de Valera, (1926 – 1959)
 Seán Lemass, (1959 – 1966)
 Jack Lynch, (1966 – 1979)
 Charles Haughey, (1979 – 1992)
 Albert Reynolds, (1992 – 1994) 
 Bertie Ahern, (1994 – 2008)
 Brian Cowen, (2008 – 2011)
 Micháel Martin (2011 onwards)

Youth Wing
The Youth Wing of Fianna Fáil is the Ógra Fianna Fáil, which was created in 1975 to get younger people to vote and support the party.

Notes

References

Other websites
 Official party website
 The Official Youth Wing 'Ógra Fianna Fáil's' website 

Political parties in Europe
Conservative parties
Politics of Ireland
Jim Agnew (born March 21, 1966) is a Canadian retired professional hockey defenceman. Agnew was drafted by the Vancouver Canucks in the 8th round (157th overall) in the 1984 NHL Entry Draft. After a stellar career in the Western Hockey League with the Brandon Wheat Kings and Portland Winter Hawks, Agnew began his professional career with the Canucks in 1986.

Playing career
Agnew spent most of the 1986–87 in the American Hockey League, although he did receive a four-game stretch with the Canucks. He would spend four full seasons in Vancouver's minor-league system while seeing occasional action in Vancouver. Playing ten games for the team in the 1987–88 during which time he recorded his only career point, and was called up again for seven games in 1989–90.

While playing for the Canucks in March 1990, Agnew seriously injured his left knee and required surgery. This would be the start of a chronic knee problem. Injuries to his left knee caused him to miss significant action six times over the next four seasons, and required three separate surgeries.

His knee problems struck just as he made the NHL on a full-time basis. He spent virtually the entire 1990–91 and 1991–92 seasons on the Canuck roster as a utility player seeing action at both forward and defence, but was limited to just 44 games over that stretch due to injury and failed to record a point.

He was released by the Canucks in 1992 and signed as a free agent with the Hartford Whalers. Again, however, he was limited to only 16 games by an injury to his left knee. After injuring his knee again during the Whalers' 1993 training camp, he decided to retire.

Agnew appeared in 81 NHL games over parts of six seasons, recording 1 assist and 257 penalty minutes.

Career statistics

References 

 Profile at hockeydraftcentral.com

1966 births
American Hockey League players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Hartford Whalers players
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Living people
Portland Winterhawks players
Vancouver Canucks players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
The Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is an insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, northwest Pakistan. It involves the United States, United Kingdom, Pakistani military and Pakistani tribes against the Taliban, al-Qaeda and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The main reason for the conflict was tensions breaking out between Pakistan Armed Forces and al-Qaeda in 2004. 3117 Pakistani armed forces members have been killed, as well as 235+ tribe members and 15 United States soldiers. 17742 insurgents have been killed or captured.

During 2004, S.A.S. soldiers were ordered to take out a renegade police officer. Two men were caught by the police and taken back to the station. Tempers had already been running high because of an arrest by soldiers who had turned out to be agents working in the Taliban.

Related pages
List of ongoing armed conflicts

References

2000s in Pakistan
2010s in Pakistan
2020s in Pakistan
Al-Qaeda
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Islamic State
Taliban
Wars involving Pakistan
Wars involving the United Kingdom
Wars involving the United States
Area code 869 is the local telephone area code of Saint Kitts and Nevis. The 869 area code was created during a split from the original (809) area code which was done in October, 1996. Like many Caribbean countries St Kitts uses +1 followed by the area code as the international direct dial phone code.

When in Saint Kitts and Nevis, use the seven digits alone. When calling to Saint Kitts and Nevis from anywhere in the United States or Canada simply dial 1(869) + seven digit phone number.

Other websites 
 North American Numbering Plan Administrator
 List of exchanges from AreaCodeDownload.com, 869 Area Code 

1
A false pregnancy, hysterical pregnancy or pseudopregnancy is when a mammal shows some of the symptoms associated with a pregnancy, but without being pregnant. False pregnancies commonly occur in dogs and mice. False pregnancy in humans is less common, and usually has psychological causes. False pregnancy is probably caused by changes in the endocrine system of the body, which leads to the secretion of hormones. These hormones are the reason physical changes happen, similar to those during pregnancy. The underlying cause is often mental.

References

Female reproductive system

pl:Ciąża rzekoma#Ciąża urojona
Naomi Eliane Campbell (born 22 May 1970) is a British supermodel and actress who was born in Streatham, a district in Lambeth, London and started her modelling career in the 1980s. She has appeared on over 500 magazine covers.

Naomi was one of six models of her generation declared "supermodels" by the fashion world. As the most famous black model of her time, Campbell has been outspoken throughout her career against the racial bias that exists in the fashion industry. Her personal life is widely reported, particularly her affairs with famous men—including boxer Mike Tyson and actor Robert De Niro—and several high-profile assault convictions.

Early life 
Campbell is the daughter of Jamaican-born dancer Valerie Morris. In accordance with her mother's wishes, Campbell has never met her father, who abandoned her mother when she was four months pregnant and who went unnamed on her birth certificate. She took the surname Campbell from her mother's second marriage.

During her early years, Campbell lived in Rome, where her mother worked as a modern dancer. Following their return to London, she was left in the care of her maternal grandmother, Ruby, while her mother travelled across Europe with the dance troupe Fantastica. At five years old, Campbell was enrolled at the Barbara Speake Stage School and at the age of ten, she was accepted into the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts, where she studied ballet.

Career
In 1978 Campbell was in the video for "Is This Love" by Bob Marley. When she was 12 she tap-danced in Culture Club's video for "I'll Tumble 4 Ya". In April 1991 Campbell was in the video for "In the Closet" by Michael Jackson. In 1993 Campbell fell over while she walked down the runway for Vivienne Westwood in a pair of foot-high platform shoes. That year she was on the cover of Vogue twice.

In September 1994 Campbell released an album called babywoman. It has sold over a million copies. A novel that she wrote called Swan was also published.

Campbell was on the cover of Playboy in 2000. In 2011 she was in the music video for "Girl Panic!" by Duran Duran. In 2013 she was a judge on the reality show The Face.

References 

1970 births
Living people
Actors from London
Black British actors
British people convicted of assault
English movie actors
English television actors
Models from London
English R&B singers
Black British musicians
Christine Ellen "Chrissie" Hynde (born 7 September 1951 Akron, Ohio) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. She is a member of the rock band The Pretenders. She has been singing since about 1975.

References

Other websites

American rock guitarists
American rock singers
American singer-songwriters
Musicians from Akron, Ohio
New wave musicians
Singers from Ohio
Writers from Akron, Ohio
1951 births
Living people
The sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) is a bird that lives in Canada and the northern U.S. It migrates to Mexico and the southern U.S. in winter.

References 

Cranes
Behind the Paint is an autobiography of Joseph Bruce better known as Violent J, one half of the hip-hop group, Insane Clown Posse. The book was published by Psychopathic Records in July of 2003 and had a revised second edition that was released in August 2004. The book is about Bruce's childhood, professional wrestling career, and musical career. Brian Raftery, a writer for Wired magazine commented on the book saying: it was a "soul-baring memoir filled with unpleasant details."

References

2003 books
Autobiographies
A lenticular cloud (Altocumulus lenticularis) is a type of cloud that forms at high altitudes. They are shaped like discs, and remain roughly in the same position. Because of the way they are shaped, they have been offered as an explanation for some UFO sightings. Lenticular clouds are formed when the wind forces the air up a mountain ridge to where the air is cooler and water vapor condenses.

References 

Clouds
Cameron Jibril Thomaz (born September 8, 1987 in Minot, North Dakota), known by his stage name, Wiz Khalifa, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and occasional actor. His stage name is derived from khalifa, an Arabic word meaning "successor", and wisdom, which was shortened to Wiz when he was fifteen. He released his fourth studio album on December 4, 2012 called O.N.I.F.C.

Wiz Khalifa is on the Atlantic Records label, which he signed with in April 2010.

Discography

Albums

Singles

Websites
 Wiz Khalifa's Official website

1987 births
Living people
American rap musicians
Singers from North Dakota
Musicians from North Dakota
People from Minot, North Dakota
African American musicians
Patric Gösta Hörnqvist (born January 1, 1987) is a Swedish professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Pittsburgh Penguins and Nashville Predators of the NHL and Djurgårdens IF of the SEL.

Hörnqvist was selected 230th overall in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft by the Nashville Predators. On June 28, 2014, the Predators traded Hörnqvist along with Nick Spaling to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for James Neal.

References

Other websites 

1987 births
American Hockey League players
Living people
Nashville Predators players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Swedish ice hockey players
Swedish Hockey League players
The City of London Police is the police force responsible for law enforcement within the City of London, including the Middle and Inner Temple. 

The service responsible for law enforcement within the rest of Greater London is the Metropolitan Police Service, a separate organisation. 

Nationally, as a result of the Fraud Review 2008, the force was recognised as the lead police force for fraud and granted funding from government to further develop its capabilities nationally and internationally. The police authority is the Corporation of London.

The City of London area has a resident population of 8,043 with 4,421 households. These numbers are increased by the daily influx of approximately 300,000 commuters working in the City, and many tourists. 300,000 cars passing through the square mile a day.

The Force has 1,200 employees, including 813 police officers, 85 Special Constables, 48 Police Community Support Officers and three police stations (in Snow Hill, Wood Street and Bishopsgate). The City of London Police is the smallest territorial police force in England, both in terms of geographic area – the square mile centre of London – and the number of police officers.

Counter-terrorism 
Counter-terrorism is the Force’s top priority, because the threat of terrorist activity to the City, and therefore to the economic and psychological wellbeing of the nation, is a real risk.

The Force is the lead organisation responsible for planning and operating the anti-terrorist measures known as the Ring of Steel. Regular police officers in the Ring of Steel cordon are guarded by other officers armed with Heckler & Koch MP5 semi-automatic submachine guns.

As well as the 'Traffic and Environmental zone' (the Ring of Steel), the Force carries out both high visibility and covert patrols, educates the security staff of City companies, and has an advanced Camera Watch system. There is ANPR (automatic number plate reading) within the City. The Force says "A wide range of unarmed and armed tactics are available to the Force to counter any perceived threat".

References 

City of London
Law enforcement agencies of the United Kingdom
Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily (Maria Cristina Amelia Teresa; 17 January 1779 – 11 March 1849) was a Princess of Naples and Sicily and later Queen of Sardinia as wife of Charles Felix of Sardinia.

Princess of Naples and Sicily

She was a daughter of King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and his wife Maria Carolina of Austria, a daughter of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. She was her mother's favourite child.

Duchess of Genevois

She was married on 6 April 1807 in Palermo with Prince Charles Felix of Savoy, who became King unexpectedly, when his two elder brothers abdicated, Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia in 1802 and Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia in 1821. Till her husband became king, she was styled as the Duchess of Genevois.

Queen of Sardinia

The royal couple were interested in the arts and artists, and turned the Royal House in Agliè and the Villa Rufinella in Frascati into comfortable residences. 

During her husband's reign, they resided at the Palazzo Chiablese, where her husband died in 1831. 

In 1825, the Queen engaged the archaeologist Marquess Luigi Biondi (1776–1839), whose excavation work uncovered Tusculum. In 1839 and 1840, the architect and archaeologist Luigi Canina (1795–1856) was engaged by the royal family and excavated the Theatre area of Tusculum. The ancient works of art excavated were sent to the Duke of Savoy's Castle of Agliè in Piedmont.

Charles Felix died in 1831 after a reign of ten years. Maria Cristina lived the rest of her life in Turin, Naples, Agliè and Frascati, and died in Savona, Liguria. She was buried beside her husband in the Basilica of Superga, Great Mausoleum, Savoy Crypt, Turin, Piedmont, Italy. The couple had no children.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

17 January 1779 – 6 April 1807 Her Royal Highness Princess Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily
6 April 1807 – 12 March 1821 Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Genevois
12 March 1821 – 27 April 1831 Her Majesty the Queen of Sardinia
27 April 1831 – 11 March 1849 Her Majesty the Dowager Queen of Sardinia

Ancestry

Other websites

References and notes

1779 births
1849 deaths
Kings and Queens of Sardinia
Princes and Princesses of Savoy
Dukes and duchesses
House of Bourbon
Burials at the Basilica of Superga
A court martial is a trial by military authorities.  "Martial" is a word that is often used instead of military.

Martial law sometimes means, in time of emergency such as wartime, that civilians can be tried by court martial.

Trials
Military
A protest song is a song that is part of a movement to change society. Many protest songs have lyrics that directly call for change, while others use humor, irony, or the ballad form to make their point. 

Protest songs can come from just about any type of music. In the 1960s in the United States, many folk musicians such as Phil Ochs, Joan Baez and Bob Dylan made protest songs. Some of these songs were against the United States fighting in the Vietnam War.

References

Songs
song
Love. Angel. Music. Baby. is the debut  studio album by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani. Before releasing the album Stefani was the lead singer of a ska and rock band called No Doubt, the album's music was different as it was mainly a mixture of pop, dance and R&B; music that No Doubt hadn't made.

Track listing

Personnel
 Producers: André 3000, Dallas Austin, Dr. Dre, Nellee Hooper, Jimmy Jam, Tony Kanal, Terry Lewis, The Neptunes, Mark "Spike" Stent
 Engineers: Andrew Coleman, Greg Collins, Ian Cross, John Frye, Simon Gogerly, Mauricio "Veto" Irragorri, Jason Lader, Matt Marrin, Colin Mitchell, Pete Novak, Ian Rossiter, Rick Sheppard
 Assistant engineers: Warren Bletcher, Nick Ferrero, Jason Finkel, Francis Forde, Cesar Guevara, Rob Haggett, Doug Harms, Rouble Kapoor, Kevin Mills, Glenn Pittman, Ian Rossiter, Jaime Sickora, Sean Tallman, David Treahern, John Warren
 Mixing: André 3000, Greg Collins, Dr. Dre, Lee Groves, Mark "Spike" Stent, Phil Tan
 Mastering: Brian "Big Bass" Gardener
 A&R: Jimmy Iovine, Mark Anthony Williams
 Programming: Simon Gogerly, Tony Kanal, Jason Lader, Sam La More, Aidan Love, Ewan Pearson, André 3000 as "Johnny Vulture"
 MIDI and sound design: Rick Sheppard
 Guitar engineer: Linda Perry
 Keyboard engineer: Linda Perry
 Cut: Cutmaster Swift
 Web service: Ray Ibe
 Creative director: Gwen Stefani
 Art direction: Jolie Clemens
 Art coordinator: Nicole Frantz
 Layout design: Jolie Clemens
 Photography: Nick Knight
 Logo and type illustration: Johnny Copeland
 Package coordinator: Cindy Cooper

References

Other websites
 GwenStefani's official website
 Love. Angel. Music. Baby. — lyrics and audio

2004 albums
Debut albums
Gwen Stefani albums
Pop albums
Dance albums
R&B albums
Ben Shalom Bernanke (born December 13, 1953) is an American economist of Jewish descent. He was the Chair of the Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States.

References

1953 births
Living people
American chief executives
American economists
Bankers
Harvard University alumni
Chairs of the Federal Reserve
Jewish American academics
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
People from Augusta, Georgia
Time People of the Year
United States Council of Economic Advisers
Educators from Georgia (US)
Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Carrie Frances Fisher (October 21, 1956 – December 27, 2016) was an American screenwriter, actress and writer. She acted in many movies. Fisher was best known for playing Princess Leia in the Star Wars movies. She was also known for her 1987 novel Postcards from the Edge.

Fisher was born in Beverly Hills, California. She was the daughter of actress Debbie Reynolds and singer Eddie Fisher. Fisher had bipolar disorder. In 2008 her memoir Wishful Drinking was published.

Fisher died on December 27, 2016 at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California from complications of cardiac arrest caused by sleep apnea along with other drug uses.at age 60. The next day, her mother died of a cerebral hemorrhage. (Z.A)

References

Other websites 
 

1956 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Actors from Burbank, California
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States
American movie actors
American novelists
People from Beverly Hills, California
People with bipolar disorder
Screenwriters from California
2
The Expendables 2 is an American action movie. It is the sequel to Sylvester Stallone's 2010 movie, The Expendables.  The movie was released in August 17th, 2012. It got many good reviews and did well at the box office. The movie earned $84.2 million in the United States and Canada and $285.7 million worldwide.

Release Dates

Cast
 Sylvester Stallone as commander Barney Ross
 Jason Statham as Lee Christmas
 Jet Li as Yin Yang
 Dolph Lundgren as Gunner Jensen
 Chuck Norris as Booker
 Jean-Claude Van Damme as Jean Vilain
 Bruce Willis as Mr. Church
 Arnold Schwarzenegger as Trent "Trench" Mauser
 Terry Crews as Hale Caesar
 Randy Couture as Toll Road
 Liam Hemsworth as Billy The Kid
 Scott Adkins as Hector
 Yu Nan as Maggie
 Amanda Ooms as Pilar
 Charisma Carpenter as Lacy

Sequel
In March 2012, it was announced that The Expendables 3 might start filming in late 2012, with Sylvester Stallone, Jason Statham, Jet Li and the rest of the cast returning for the third movie.
The Expendables 3, was scheduled to begin filming in August 2013. The film sees the return of several cast members and the addition of new ones including Wesley Snipes, Antonio Banderas, Harrison Ford, and Mel Gibson. The Expendables 3 was released theatrically in the United States on August 15th, 2014.

References

Other websites
 
 

American action movies
German action movies
Bulgarian movies
Chinese movies
Sequel movies
2012 movies
2012 action movies
Lionsgate movies
This is a list of filmography of all of Sylvester ″Sly″ Stallone's most prominent onscreen acting action roles as well as directing, screenwriting, producing and voice acting roles. Also, included in this list are some of Stallone's special cameo appearances and exclusive extra.

American actor, filmmaker, singer, character actor,  voice actor, director, movie producer, film producer, and screen writer, Sylvester Sly Stallone has appeared in over seventy-six films.

Film

Television

Theatre

Music video

Soundtrack appearances

Video games

Related pages
 List of awards and nominations received by Sylvester Stallone

References

Other websites
 
 

Stallone, Sylvester
Ski jumping is, mostly, a winter sport performed on snow where skiers go down a take-off ramp, jump forward and land as far as possible down the hill below. Judges give points both for length of the jump and for the jump style. The skis used for ski jumping are wide and long (). Ski jumping is a part of the Winter Olympic Games.  

True ski jumping originates in Norway in 1809 when a Norwegian lieutenant launched himself 9.5 metres in the air in front of his soldiers. The first widely known ski jumping competition was held in Oslo in 1879, with Olaf Haugann of Norway setting the first world record for the longest ski jump at 20 metres(meters)

Ski jump techniques are divided into four sections; 1) In-run, 2) Take-off (jump), 3) Flight and 4) Landing. In each part the athlete is required to pay attention to and practice a particular technique in order to maximize his or her length and style marks.

Related pages
Skiing

Notes

Skiing
Winter Olympic sports
Limousines are luxury cars. They are longer than regular cars. The front and rear wheels are far apart. A limousine may have security features such as bulletproof glass.

Car classifications
Land vehicles

fr:Type de carrosserie#Limousine
Self-synchronizing code is a special kind of line code that is easy to synchronize (having two computers "stay in time with" each other when "communicating"). Code like this happens in telecommunications.

Information on computers is made from binary bits - 0's and 1's (OFFs and ONs). This means that when a computer is being "communicated to", it must "listen" for bits at the correct speed by staying synchronized, or else there will be a misunderstanding. A computer needs to notice misunderstandings immediately, so that wrong things don't happen.

Confusion can happen when two signals combine or misalign, so it's helpful for different "words" in a code to be unique from each other.

Example 

 Imagine a language with the only "letters" being 0 and 1, and no spaces or other symbols.
 This language only has "words" with exactly two letters.
This means that computers "reading" this language would start "reading" the "sentence" at the first two letters, then the next two letters, and so on.
 Two computers, Alice and Bob, have to say the sentence 1100001100 to each other, and it needs to be understood as .
 Alice says the sentence to Bob correctly.
 Bob's "sentence" gets de-synchronized on its way to Alice, and the first "letter" gets chopped off. This turns the "sentence" into 100001100.

Code A: self-synchronizing 

Imagine the language only has the words  and .
 Alice's sentence 1100001100 is heard by Bob as "11, 00, 00, 11, 00", meaning .
 When Bob's sentence 100001100 is heard by Alice as "10, 00, 01, 10, 0",  Alice knows there's been a misunderstanding at the very beginning, because "10" is not a word in its "language" code.

Code B is self-synchronizing, because its "words" are very different from each other, and hard to confuse with each other.

Code B: not self-synchronizing 

Imagine the language has the words , , and .
 Alice's sentence 1100001100 is heard by Bob as "11, 00, 00, 11, 00", meaning .
 When Bob's sentence 100001100 is heard by Alice as "10, 00, 01, 10, 0", it doesn't realize there's been a misunderstanding until it hears the third "word" "01". By that time, it's already heard .

Code B is not self-synchronizing, because its "words" are too similar to each other, and easy to confuse with each other.

Telecommunications
Alexei Yuryevich Zhamnov (born October 1, 1970 in Moscow, URS) is a Russian retired professional ice hockey centre. He is currently the head coach for the KHL's Vityaz Chekhov. Zhamnov played a combined 14 seasons in the NHL with four teams, 4 while part of the Winnipeg Jets, 8 while part of the Chicago Blackhawks, 1 while part of the Philadelphia Flyers and 1 while part of the Boston Bruins.

Zhamnov was also the captain of the Chicago Blackhawks from 2002-2004.

Other websites

1970 births
Living people
Russian ice hockey players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Boston Bruins players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Winnipeg Jets (1979–96) players
Ice hockey centres
Jennifer Ann McCarthy, known as Jenny McCarthy, is an American model, actress, writer and activist. She was born on November 1, 1972 in Evergreen Park, Illinois. She was raised in West Elsdon, Chicago.

Career
She started her career as a Playboy model in 1993. She later became an actress, comedian, author and autism activist. In 2013 McCarthy hosted a show called The Jenny McCarthy Show for one season.

Activism
McCarthy has made controversial but unproven claims that vaccines lead to autism. She said that chelation therapy helped cure her son of autism.

Personal life
McCarthy married John Mallory Asher in 1999. The couple's son, Evan Joseph was born in 2002. In 2005, Evan was diagnosed with autism. the couple divorced in 2005. She lived with Jim Carrey; the couple split in 2010. She married Donnie Wahlberg in 2014.

References

Other websites

1972 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
American activists
American movie actors
American television actors
American television producers
Autism
Models from Chicago
Writers from Chicago
People from Evergreen Park, Illinois