cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Insomniac Games is an American video game developer. It started in 1994. They have made many games. These include  the first three Spyro the Dragon games for the PlayStation, most of the Ratchet & Clank games for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 3, and the Resistance series for the PlayStation 3. The first game they made was called Disruptor, for the PlayStation. So far, they have sold 32 million of their games and won lots of awards. Insomniac Games has won eight "best workplace" awards since 2005.

Company
Insomniac started in 1994, and is now based in Burbank, California. Its first game, a first-person shooter called Disruptor, was released on November 20, 1996 for the PlayStation. It was given very good reviews by critics, but did not sell many copies. After this game, they made the Spyro the Dragon for the PlayStation. This series was very successful, and Insomniac made the first three games in the series. After Insomniac lost the license to the Spyro series to Universal Interactive, they began working on a game called Girl with a Stick. The developers at Insomniac didn't like this game, so they decided to make the Ratchet & Clank series instead. The first game in the series, Ratchet & Clank, was released on November 4, 2002. It got very high reviews, and Insomniac have made six more Ratchet & Clank games since. Ratchet & Clank games have so far sold 25 million copies. In 2006, Insomniac released their first PlayStation 3 game, Resistance: Fall of Man, and released Resistance 2 in 2008. Resistance 3 was released in 2011.

People
Ted Price (President & CEO)
Alex Hastings (Chief Technology Officer)
Brian Hastings (Chief Creative Officer)
Chad Dezern (North Carolina Studio Director)
See also: Team members

Games

Other developers

High Impact Games
High Impact Games is a game developer made by people who used to work at Insomniac. They made two Ratchet & Clank games for the PlayStation Portable, called Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters and Secret Agent Clank. They also made a PlayStation 2 version of Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters. They made a Jak and Daxter game, called Jak and Daxter: The Lost Frontier, for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. It is the first Jak and Daxter game not made by Naughty Dog, who are also close friends of Insomniac Games.

References

American video game companies
Companies based in Burbank, California
1994 establishments in California
Minicoy Island or Maliku (Mahal language: މަލިކު, məliku) is the only inhabited island of the Maliku Atoll. The locals, the Malikun, call their island "Maliku," as do the Maldivians, the closest Maldive island to Minicoy is Thuraakunu. Since 1956, the Indian Government has forbidden contact between people of the same nationals of the two islands despite their geographic proximity and ethnographic similarities. The cultural traits of Minicoy differ from those of any other Indian islands of Lakshadweep. Manners, customs and food are similar to those of the Maldives to the south of Minicoy and Mahl, a dialect of Dhivehi, is the language spoken on the island. This language employs the Tāna script, written from right to left. Minicoy Islanders, like the close islands of the Maldives follow Sunni Islam. The islands were probably Buddhist before like they were in the Maldives. In August 1947 the possessions of the Emperor of British India passed to either the Indian Union or Pakistan according to an agreed demarcation line. The rulers of the independent countries that were vassals of the Emperor had the choice of acceding to either the Dominion of India or Pakistan.

While Maliku was a sovereign possession of the Emperor and not that of an independent country such as, Kashmir or Hyderabad State, it is unclear why India felt it necessary to hold a plebiscite in Maliku in 1956 to determine whether or not the people of Maliku wished to join the Indian Union. However Since 1965 Pakistan wished Maliku to return to the Republic of Maldives.

Geography of the Maldives
Territorial disputes
Occupied territories
The 2005 Kashmir Earthquake (also known as the Great Pakistan earthquake) was a major earthquake centered in Pakistan-administered Kashmir and in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa near the city of Muzaffarabad. It occurred at 08:52:37 Pakistan Standard Time (03:52:37 UTC) on 8 October 2002

87,351 peoples died, 75,266 peoples injuried, and 2.4 million people were left homeless. Kashmir, Pakistan, and Southern part of India were all affected.

2000s in Pakistan
Disasters in Pakistan
Earthquakes in Asia
Earthquakes in the 2000s
October 2005 events
Jean-Pierre Papin (born 5 November 1963) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1981/82||rowspan="3"|Vichy||rowspan="3"|Division 3||17||3
|-
|1982/83||3||0
|-
|1983/84||29||10
|-
|1984/85||Valenciennes-Anzin||Division 2||33||15

|-
|1985/86||Brugge||First Division||33||21

|-
|1986/87||rowspan="6"|Olympique Marseille||rowspan="6"|Division 1||33||13
|-
|1987/88||37||19
|-
|1988/89||36||22
|-
|1989/90||36||30
|-
|1990/91||36||23
|-
|1991/92||37||27

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="2"|Milan||rowspan="2"|Serie A||22||13
|-
|1993/94||18||5

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||7||1
|-
|1995/96||20||2

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="2"|Girondins Bordeaux||rowspan="2"|Division 1||32||16
|-
|1997/98||23||6
|-
|1998/99||En Avant Guingamp||Division 2||10||3

|-
|1999||Saint-Pierroise||Premier League||12||1
362||187
33||21
40||18
27||3
12||1
474||230
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1986||7||2
|-
|1987||3||0
|-
|1988||6||1
|-
|1989||5||3
|-
|1990||6||4
|-
|1991||5||7
|-
|1992||10||7
|-
|1993||7||3
|-
|1994||4||3
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
!Total||54||30
|}

References

1963 births
Living people
French footballers
French football managers
Patrik Andersson (born 18 August 1971) is a Swedish football player. He has played for Sweden national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1989||rowspan="4"|Malmö FF||rowspan="4"|Allsvenskan||15||1
|-
|1990||20||2
|-
|1991||28||1
|-
|1992||27||7

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="2"|Blackburn Rovers||rowspan="2"|Premier League||11||0
|-
|1993/94||1||0

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="6"|Borussia Mönchengladbach||rowspan="6"|Bundesliga||17||1
|-
|1994/95||34||1
|-
|1995/96||33||4
|-
|1996/97||32||1
|-
|1997/98||30||3
|-
|1998/99||28||0
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||15||0
|-
|2000/01||22||1

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Barcelona||rowspan="3"|La Liga||12||0
|-
|2002/03||3||0
|-
|2003/04||4||0

|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|Malmö FF||rowspan="2"|Allsvenskan||10||1
|-
|2005||9||0
109||12
12||0
211||11
19||0
351||23
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1992||11||0
|-
|1993||7||0
|-
|1994||15||1
|-
|1995||7||0
|-
|1996||8||1
|-
|1997||9||0
|-
|1998||7||0
|-
|1999||9||0
|-
|2000||10||0
|-
|2001||10||1
|-
|2002||3||0
|-
!Total||96||3
|}

References 

1971 births
Living people
Swedish footballers
Kennet Andersson (born 6 October 1967) is a former Swedish football player. He has played for Sweden national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1985||rowspan="4"|Eskilstuna||||5||0
|-
|1986||||19||2
|-
|1987||rowspan="2"|Division 1||26||8
|-
|1988||26||10
|-
|1989||rowspan="3"|Göteborg||rowspan="3"|Allsvenskan||22||7
|-
|1990||25||9
|-
|1991||16||13

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Mechelen||rowspan="2"|First Division||25||6
|-
|1992/93||7||1

|-
|1993||Norrköping||Allsvenskan||13||8

|-
|1993/94||Lille||Division 1||32||11
|-
|1994/95||Caen||Division 1||31||9

|-
|1995/96||Bari||Serie A||33||12
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="3"|Bologna||rowspan="3"|Serie A||29||8
|-
|1997/98||32||12
|-
|1998/99||25||6
|-
|1999/00||Lazio||Serie A||2||0
|-
|1999/00||Bologna||Serie A||28||7

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Fenerbahçe||First League||27||10
|-
|2001/02||Süper Lig||29||5
152||57
32||7
63||20
149||45
56||15
452||144
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1990||4||1
|-
|1991||8||5
|-
|1992||6||4
|-
|1993||0||0
|-
|1994||17||7
|-
|1995||10||5
|-
|1996||8||3
|-
|1997||9||4
|-
|1998||3||1
|-
|1999||8||1
|-
|2000||10||0
|-
!Total||83||31
|}

References

1967 births
Living people
Swedish footballers
Hasan Salihamidžić (born 1 January 1977) is a Bosnia and Herzegovina football player. He plays for Juventus.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="3"|Hamburger SV||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||9||2||||||colspan="2"|-||9||2
|-
|1996/97||32||7||||||5||0||37||7
|-
|1997/98||31||10||||||||||31||10
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="9"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="9"|Bundesliga||30||3||||||13||2||43||5
|-
|1999/00||30||3||||||16||0||46||3
|-
|2000/01||31||4||||||15||2||46||6
|-
|2001/02||19||5||1||0||9||1||29||6
|-
|2002/03||12||2||2||1||7||2||21||5
|-
|2003/04||35||4||4||1||8||0||47||5
|-
|2004/05||29||2||5||1||9||2||43||5
|-
|2005/06||21||2||2||0||1||0||24||2
|-
|2006/07||29||4||3||0||10||1||42||5

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Juventus||rowspan="3"|Serie A||26||4||4||1||colspan="2"|-||30||5
|-
|2008/09||11||1||0||0||4||0||15||1
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
308||48||17||3||93||10||418||61
37||5||4||1||4||0||45||6
345||53||21||4||97||10||463||67

International career statistics 

|-
|1996||4||2
|-
|1997||4||1
|-
|1998||5||0
|-
|1999||2||1
|-
|2000||4||0
|-
|2001||5||0
|-
|2002||5||0
|-
|2003||3||0
|-
|2004||5||0
|-
|2005||4||2
|-
|2006||1||0
|-
!Total||42||6

References 

1977 births
Living people
Bosnia and Herzegovina footballers
Sean R. Parnell (born November 19, 1962) is an American politician. He served as the 12th Governor of Alaska from 2009 to 2014. Parnell assumed the office of governor on July 26, 2009 after Governor Sarah Palin resigned.  He was sworn in at the Governor's Picnic in Fairbanks, Alaska.  After finishing Palin's term, Parnell was elected to a full term as Governor in November 2010, becoming the first unelected Alaska Governor to be later elected in his own right. In 2014, he lost re-election to Independent Bill Walker.

Education
Parnell went to Pacific Lutheran University (B.B.A. 1984) and University of Puget Sound School of Law (now Seattle University School of Law) (J.D. 1987). He is admitted to the bar in both Alaska and Washington D.C.

References

Other websites

 Sean Parnell bio and photos 
 Sandy Parnell 

|-

1962 births
Living people
Governors of Alaska
US Republican Party politicians
Politicians from California
People from Fairbanks, Alaska
Lieutenant Governors of Alaska
Vasopressin (ADH, AVP) is the hormone which controls the production of urine in the bladder. It is secreted by the pituitary gland based on the salt concentration of the blood. It is negative feedback: the more concentrated the salt in the blood is, the more vasopressin is secreted, which in turn makes the kidney tubules more permeable, allowing more water to be reabsorbed into the blood and creating less, but more concentrated, urine. It also triggers feelings of thirst.

Hormones
The epicentre or epicentre is the point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter or focus. It is the point where an earthquake or underground explosion originates. It is usually the point where the earthquake is felt strongest.

Earth
Eric Victor Burdon (*11 May, 1941 in Newcastle, UK) is an English rock singer. He is known for his very loud screaming and performing. 

He began his career in the early 1960s with the R&B/blues-based punk rock band The Animals. They had hits such as "House of the Rising Sun", "See See Rider", "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood", "Inside Looking Out", "We Gotta Get Out Of This Place", "Don't Bring Me Down" and "It's My Life".

He later formed "Eric Burdon & The Animals" in 1967. He continued to have chart success with songs like "San Franciscan Nights", "When I Was Young", "Good Times", "Sky Pilot", "Monterey" and "Ring of Fire".

In late 1969, he formed the radical funk/soul/jazz band "Eric Burdon & War". They had hits with "Spill the Wine", "Tobacco Road", "Paint it Black" and "They Can't Take Away Our Music". He left them during their European tour in early 1971 to start a solo career, which has seen him in the genres of heavy metal, glam rock, new age, pop rock, reggae, hip hop and many more.

After some successful world tours and acting roles in movies, he went on to record with Brian Auger as a psychedelic fusion rock band in the 1990s. 

After forming several groups such as "Eric Burdon Band" or "The New Animals", he released his first solo album in many years, My Secret Life (2004), which had many musical directions, like hard rock, jazz, progressive and folk.

In the following year he released Athens Traffic Live and Soul of a Man.

British rock musicians
English singers
English songwriters
People from Newcastle upon Tyne
1941 births
Living people
Rochdale A.F.C. is an English football club who play in League One of the English Football League. The club was founded in 1907, and has played at the Spotland Stadium throughout its history. They reached the fifth round of the FA Cup for the first time in 1989 and again in 2002 which is as far as they have ever gone in a major competition.

Related pages

 List of English football teams

References 
History of Rochdale AFC

1907 establishments in England
English football clubs
Rochdale
Sport in Greater Manchester
Syed Kasim Razvi (17 July 1902 – 15 January 1970), also Qasim Razvi, was the leader of a local militia in India, the Razakars of Hyderabad State, who blocked accession into the Republic of India after the Partition of British Indian empire against the wishes of the local  majority Hindu-population, and fought against the Indian forces during occupation.

Razvi held views that Hyderabad should eventually join Pakistan in a major war against Bharat, as clearly evidenced by some of his speeches and publications in Hyderabadi newspapers. Razvi was politically powerful and a close advisor of the Nizam, whom he encouraged to defy the infidel government, and blocked the invasion of Hyderabad into Republic of India. At the height of the crisis, Razvi had placed his allies in influential posts, and was virtually dictating the Nizam's policy on the issue. Razvi even traveled to Delhi and had a stormy meeting with Indian leader Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. He is quoted to have said "Death with the sword in hand, is always preferable to extinction by a mere stroke of the pen. "prompting the Indian government to call him the "Nizam's Frankenstein monster."

After Indian military intervention, Razvi was placed under house arrest and tried under Indian laws on seditious activities and inciting communal violence. He was released in the 1950s, and he later fled to Pakistan.

Pakistani people
1902 births
1970 deaths
Razakars were private militia organized by Qasim Razvi which supporter the rule of Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII and resist the integration of Hyderabad State into India. 
Eventually, the Indian army routed the Razakars and the group was disbanded after  India annexed the state.

Qasim Razvi, the military chief of Hyderabad State, fled to Pakistan where he was granted asylum. Majlis, a contemporary political party in the present Hyderabad owes its foundations to Qasim Razvi.

Etymology
Razakar literally means volunteer. There were types of Razakars: muslim Razakar,Hindu razakar, Reddy razakar and congress Razakars.

Types of Razakars
Quoting an article of K F Rustomjee, the former DGP of Maharashtra and BSF, Captain Panduranga Reddy said that the policemen from Akola district in then Central Province were sent in to Hyderabad state in the garb of Razakars to create turmoil and blame the Nizam government. Rustomjee was SP of Akola at the time. Captain Reddy called the Communists as traitors, who encouraged violence to spread their agenda.
 General:
 Muslim razakars
 Hindu razakars - Personnel recruited by Hindu Deshmukhs and Zamindars to gain favour of the Nizam.

 Fake Razakars: These Razakars were Members of the Arya Samaj, Hindu Mahasabha, Communists, and even Congress of Hyderabad State working in close coordination with an organisation called "Poona Patri Sarkar" operating from Satara under the leadership of "Achyut Patwardhan". This organisation caused a lot of damage and destruction in Hyderabad and was feared by its local populace.
 Communist razakars - Communists who posed as Razakars and carried out loot
 Congress razakars

References

History of India
History of Pakistan
Rebel militia groups in Asia
Hyderabad, India
Al-Badar (আল বদর) was a paramilitary force formed in East Pakistan in 1971 by the national Pakistan Army.

Al-Badar means The Battlefield of Badar.  The politics of the force were intermingled with jihad, the religious war or holy war of Muhammad 1400 years earlier.  However, the war between Pakistan and Bengali separatists was a nationalistic war, not a religious one.

Background
On March 27, 1971, after beginning the Pakistani Civil War, Pakistani military forces needed military support from Bengali nationalists supporters who still wanted to be part of Pakistan, or did not like Indian involvement in the movement; as well as the non-Bengali muhajirs in order to abolish the independence fighters of Bangladesh, the Mukti Bahini, Hemayet Bahini and Kaderiya Bahini. 

The Al Badar were formed to find these independence fighters and to be guides as well as co-fighters who were familiar with the local terrain.  The force was composed of madrasa students and teachers, Bengali supporters of Muslim League and Jamaat E Islami, and muhajirs coming from non-Bengali part of India.

There were three type of Paramilitary forces Pakistan formed,

1.Razakars: refuges who were came from other parts of India during separation of India and Pakistan, and settled in East Pakistan.

2. Al-Badar: Bengali Muslim Students from Colleges, universities and madrasah, who were loyal to Jamat-e-islami.3. Al-Shams: Bengali Madrasah Students, teachers & supporters of Islamic parties other than Jamat-E-Islami (these smaller parties included Nejam-e-Islami and various factions of Muslim League).

Al-Badar was a very organized par military force among those three forces, with their own hierarchy of organization and reporting system.

Tasks
The Al Badar were given a variety of combat and non-combat tasks including:
Taking part in the operations
Spying against Mukti Bahini
Interrogation
Working as the guides of the regular army
Assassination
Finding and killing Mukti Bahini soldiers
Providing supply line to front army

Abolition
On 16 December 1971, Pakistan unconditionally surrendered. Members of Al-Badr, along with other Razakars, Al-Shams, and Shanti Committee also surrendered to the Mitro Bahini's. As they all were Bengali it was supposed that Bangladesh would treat them as an opposition party, that is they would arrest them and treat them as prisoners of war. However most of them were tortured, killed by Mukti Bahini, or forced into exile from Bangladesh.

References 

1971 in Bangladesh
1971 in Pakistan
Bangladesh Liberation War
The All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference is a major political party of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

Overview 
In 1932 Pro-Congress Sheikh Abdullah formed Kashmir's first political party, the All Jammu & Kashmir Muslim Conference, with a demand for merger of Kashmir and Jammu with British India. His party was renamed the National Conference in 1939 to suite the secular nature of Kashmiri culture. The All Jammu and Kashmir National Conference, led by Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah, espoused a secular ideology and wished to create a secular, democratic but independent Kashmir with close ties to British India. 

When the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference was converted into a secular political party in 1939, the Muslim leaders amended the Constitution of the Muslim Conference, renamed it as the All Jammu and Kashmir National Conference, modified its objectives and threw its membership open to all the people of the State. On 13 June 1941, the breakaway factions of the National Conference revived the erstwhile Muslim Conference under the leadership of Choudry Ghualm Abbas. 

The All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference led the Muslim movement for accession into Pakistans favor in the State. 

On July 19, 1947, a convention of All Jammu & Kashmir Muslim Conference, adopted the "Accession to Pakistan Resolution" demanding accession of the Kashmir state to Pakistan. 

In 1955 the All-Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference was the political party in power in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Even today All-jummu and Kashmir Muslim Conference is in power in Azad Jamu and Kashmir.

History and achievements of All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference    

The movement was started by the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference after its induction as a political platform of the Muslims in August 1932 in Srinagar. Prominent amongst the participants were Sardar Gohar Rehman, Chaudhry Ghulam Abbass, Khwaja Ghulam Ahmad Ashai, Agha Syed Hussain Shah Jalali, Haji Jaffer Khan, Mistri Yaqoob Ali, Sheikh Ghulam Qadir and even Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah himself. Sardar Gohar Rehman favoured the formation of Provincial Muslim Conference in Jammu, but he was prevailed upon by the others to relegate his demand in favour of All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference. 
To unite Kashmiri Muslims on a common platform. It was an enormous task in the wake of the deep variance in the political thinking of Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah and Mir Waiz Mohammed Yusuf Shah who parted way along with his  his aides towards the end of the first session.

Presidents of All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference 

Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah (deceased)
Rais-ul-Ahrar Quaid e Millat Chaudhary Ghulam Abbas (deceased)
Agha Syed Hussain Shah Jalali (deceased)
Mir Waiz Kashmir Muhammad Yousuf Shah (deceased)
Sardar Mohammad Abdul Qayyum Khan
Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan (deceased)
Raja Muhammad Haider Khan (deceased)
Sardar Sikandar Hayat Khan
Sardar Attique Ahmed Khan 

Political parties in Kashmir
Pinworm is an intestinal infection caused by tiny parasitic worms. One of the most common roundworm infections, pinworm infections affect millions of people each year, particularly children.

Parasites
The Cornish self-government movement (sometimes referred to as Cornish nationalism) is a social movement which seeks greater autonomy for the distinctive area of Cornwall. The movement's advocates argue that Cornwall is not merely a county of England (which is its current administrative status) but a duchy and a distinctive British nation which has never been formally incorporated into England via an Act of Union of 1707. Supporters of Cornish self-government who assert that Cornwall is, or ought to be, a separate legal entity from England do not necessarily mean to advocate full independence from the United Kingdom, but rather seek official recognition for Cornwall as one of the constituent countries or home nations of the UK.

Some supporters of Cornish self-government question the legitimacy of English rule in Cornwall, due to the failure of the former Parliament of England to ever pass an Act of Union, although their claims are not generally recognised within the United Kingdom (or sometimes within Cornwall itself). However, many see some degree of autonomy as a stepping stone towards this, and are supportive of the Cornish Assembly Campaign. The Cornish National Party (CNP) is a social democratic political party in Cornwall to which some Cornish nationalists belong. It wants Cornish independence from the United Kingdom.

References 

Nationalism
Political movements
Politics of Cornwall
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is a technology related to Frequency Division Multiplexing. With it, many different signals can be sent over the same medium, at the same time. Each signal uses a different basis function. By using the basis function given, the sender and recipient will then see their signal better, the other signals will be clearly separated.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages 
 Can adapt easily to bad channels (noisy,etc.)
 Robust against crosstalk between channels that are close together.
 Robust against Intersymbol interference (ISI) and fading caused by multipath propagation
 High spectral efficiency
 There are good implementations available
 Few problems with errors that come from time synchornization
 Tuned sub-channel receiver filters are not required (unlike conventional FDM) 
 Facilitates Single Frequency Networks, i.e. transmitter macrodiversity.

Disadvantages 
 Problems with Doppler shift. 
 Synchronizing frequencies can be problematic
 Sensitive to frequency synchronization problems.
 High peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR). This needs linear transmission circuits; they need a lot of power.
 Loss of efficiency caused by Cyclic prefix/Guard interval

Uses 
Many technologies use OFDM. Among them are:
 ADSL and VDSL
 Power line communication
 Wireless LAN, namely 802.11a,g, and n, and HiperLAN/2 (802.11b uses Direct-sequence spread spectrum)
 4G LTE mobile networks use OFDMA (OFDM multi-users variant)
 Some Digital radio systems
 Some Digital TV systems, most notably DVB-T

Radio technology
A calculator is a machine which allows people to do math operations more easily. For example, most calculators will add, subtract, multiply, and divide. Some also do square roots, and more complex calculators can help with calculus and draw function graphs. Calculators are found everywhere. A smartphone or other computer can also act as a calculator. 

Some calculators, like the abacus, will work without electricity. Others, like the electronic calculator, use batteries. Some calculators are simple, and can only add, subtract, multiply and divide, and sometimes take square roots. Scientific calculators can do many other things, such as use exponents (or powers or indices) and trigonometry functions.

Pocket calculator 
A pocket calculator is a small calculator that helps people do arithmetic. It is so small that it can be put in a pocket. Its most common use is for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.  Many pocket calculators are powered by solar cells. They are commonly seen in schools and businesses and can be used quickly and efficiently for simple mathematical problems. Other names are 'miniature calculator' or 'mini calculator'.

Scientific calculator 
A scientific calculator can do more things. It can often use exponents (or powers or indices), pi, trigonometric ratios, and the order of operations. Scientific calculators can also use bigger numbers. They tend to cost more than pocket calculators. Many are also programmable. The user can make a program directly with the calculator, or transfer one from a computer.

Related pages 
 Graphing calculator  

 Abacus

Other websites 

Mathematical tools
Racibórz is a city in Southern Poland in the Silesian Voivodeship. 56,272 people live there and it is  large.

Cities in Poland
2 World Trade Center (also known as 200 Greenwich Street) is a part of the planned rebuilding of the new World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan. As of July 3 2011, the building rose  up into the air. In 2013 construction was halted as tenants had not been found yet.

References

Skyscrapers in New York City
September 11 attacks
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
A beekeeper is a person who farms bees either for pollinating plants or for the collection of their honey.

Other websites

Agricultural occupations
Beekeeping
Microsoft Bob is a computer program that was made by Microsoft. It was created to make Microsoft Windows easier to use. Microsoft Bob looks like a house that the user can move around in. The user's computer programs can be placed in the rooms to look like things in the house, like boxes and pictures.

History
Microsoft Bob was released in March 1995 (before Windows 95 was released), although it had been widely publicized prior to that date under the codename "Utopia".

References

Other websites
 Microsoft Bob Review
 Information about Microsoft Bob version 1.0 for Windows
 The GUI Gallery: Microsoft Bob' Examining Bob in the context of other graphical user interfaces
 A short computing history (story and slideshow) of Bobs from Microsoft Bob to Bob Metcalfe to Alice & Bob.
 A more in-depth article about Microsoft Bob 
 

Microsoft
Torquay United F.C. is an English football team currently playing in League Two of the English Football League. They play at the Plainmoor ground in Torquay in the county of Devon. The club was formed in 1899 when two other soccer teams, Torquay Town and Babbacombe FC merged to create one club. The team has never been higher than the third tier of the English Football League. In 2007 they were relegated from the Footall League to the Nationwide Conference for the first time in their history but were promoted back to League Two in 2009 when they beat Cambridge Utd in the Conference Play off final at Wembley Stadium.

References
Official site

1899 establishments in England
English football clubs
Torquay
Sojourner Truth (about 1797 – November 26, 1883) was one of the first abolitionists and activists for women's rights. She was born as a slave, but escaped from slavery in 1826. She was born Isabella Baumfree, but renamed herself to 'Sojourner Truth' when she was 46 and announced she would travel to work against injustice.The name Sojourner Truth translates as itinerant preacher. She is one of the most widely known African American women of the 19th century. Her freedom was linked with the passage of a New York State Law in 1799 that began the process of gradual emancipation.

She lectured widely on the cruelties she had experienced as a slave. She is best known for her "Ain't I a Woman?" speech, given at the Woman's Rights Convention of 1851. She also gave out speeches about abolishing slavery. Also, she became active in the Underground Railroad, helping blacks escape to freedom. She could only speak Dutch and at a young age soon learnt English. Sadly, she was beaten for not understanding the commands of her owners John and Sally Dumont. There is evidence that John beat her and Sally sexually abused her.

Early Life 
Isabella Baumfree (Sojourner Truth) was born into slavery around 1797 in Swarterkill, New York. Sojourner was the daughter of James Baumfree and Elizabeth Baumfree. Her family’s slave owner was Colonel Hardenbergh. Sojourner was born a slave and did not know how to read or write because nobody taught slaves how to. Out of 13 children, she was the youngest. In the first three decades of her life she was the property of five owners.It is  In 1815 she dated fellow slave Thomas. Together they had 3 children. Her family was separated in 1806. In 1826 Isabella escaped to freedom with her infant daughter. Sojourner changed her name in 1843 from Isabella Baumfree to Sojourner Truth. She married and bore five children although only four of their names are known. She never learned to read or write and depended on others to take down her words while handling her correspondences. 

Sojourner was the first African American to win a trial against a white man. This trial was about getting her son Peter back. This was a great accomplishment for African Americans. During the Civil War Belle told the people about the Woman's Right to vote and became friends with some other people, which one of them threaten that she would not support the issue.She campaigned for Republican Ulysses S. Grant. She was one of the prominent Americans that attempted to vote in the 1872 election but was refused the right to. She went on to support herself by selling copies of her book, “The Narrative of Sojourner Truth “. During that time, she was a Battle Creek resident and property owner. She spent the last few years of her life and died in Battle Creek, Michigan on November 26, 1883.

References

1797 births
1883 deaths
African-American people
American abolitionists
American feminists
People from New York
Slaves
Quinkana is an extinct genus of large land crocodile that reached up to 7 meters (23 feet) in length. It lived in Australia from 24 million years ago to 40,000 years ago.

Extinct species
Crocodilia
Instant runoff voting is a method of electing one political candidate to office from a list of more than two, but it can also be used for other group decisions. Voters rank the candidates from favorite to least favorite, with only their top choices being counted each time. Ballots are counted, and a series of simulated rounds is conducted. If no candidate has a majority of the votes in any round, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated, and those voters' next choice votes are then counted. This is repeated until a candidate has a majority.

Instant runoff voting has been used in Australia's lower house for more than 80 years. That house is strongly dominated by two parties. It has also been used to elect mayors in some cities in the United States. Voter turn out is typically the same as with plurality voting.

Proponents believe instant runoff voting allows them to vote for their first choice candidate and still help the lessor of evils if the first choice is eliminated. They believe Instant Runoff Voting to be the only way let voters vote their true intentions and undermine the two-party system. By having more candidates on the ballot, incumbents are more likely to be kicked out of office.

Opponents argue that if at least three candidates have a chance of winning, voting for one's favorite could cause a compromise candidate to lose in the first round. Their favorite might then lose against the least preferred candidate in the second round. Voters' votes cannot be transferred to their second choice if their second choice is eliminated before their first choice is. Voters often use their first choice vote for a compromise vote, the same as with plurality.

While theoretically simple, instant runoff voting often requires computers because the rankings on each ballot matter for determining the elimination order and can not be counted in aggregate. Opponents of Instant runoff voting often oppose computer counting of ballots, since it is difficult for ordinary citizens to count the ballots by hand and catch any fraud. The fact that a candidate has fewer votes does not mean the candidate is less popular but that the candidate was squeezed out on both sides of the political spectrum. Instant runoff voting can eliminate centrists in the last elimination.

Voting systems
The Harrier Jump Jet, usually called the Harrier, is a British-designed military aeroplane. It was designed during the 1960s. The Harrier is well known as it can take off vertically.  It can do this by changing the direction of thrust from its engines. It is sometimes called V/STOL, which means "Vertical/Short Takeoff and Landing". It can carry heavier loads with a short takeoff than with a vertical one.

Development 
In 1967, the Bristol Engine Company proposed the radical idea of a directed thrust engine. Next, Hawker Aircraft designed an aeroplane that could meet the NATO specification for a "light tactical support fighter". There was no financial support for the development from HM Treasury, but support was found from NATO.

A prototype flew in 1960. Various changes were made and several preliminary versions flew including the "Kestrel" and the first Harriers flew for the RAF and Royal Navy in 1969. The planes were built in both Britain and the United States. They were redeveloped and manufactured by British Aerospace and Macdonald Douglas, companies which are now owned by BAE Systems and Boeing, respectively. At present the Boeing/BAE Systems AV-8B Harrier II is used by NATO countries such as the United States, Spain and Italy. A modified version, the BAE Systems/Boeing Harrier II is used by the Royal Air Force and the Royal Navy.

Between 1969 and 2003, 824 Harrier variants were delivered. Manufacture of new Harriers ended in 1997. The last remanufactured aircraft (Harrier II Plus configuration) was delivered in December 2003. This ended the Harrier production line.

Users
The Harrier is used by many military forces. The United States Marine Corps and the Royal Air Force (RAF) use versions which are specially designed for taking off and landing on aircraft carriers. Other countries which use the Harrier include Thailand and India.

In 2006, the RAF introduced a new version of the Harrier, the GR/9.  This is an updated version of the previous version, the GR/7.  It has a top speed of 574 knots.

The Harrier was used a lot during the Falklands War. Harriers flew a total of 1,561 sorties, shot down 20 enemy planes (+ 3 probables) with 10 Harriers lost. Of the ten lost, six were shot down; the others were damaged in accidents on the carrier. The Sea Harriers made the Argentine Air Force much less effective than they hoped to be.

Equipment
The Harrier can carry different equipment for each mission.  It can carry missiles and bombs.  It can also carry cameras to take pictures of the ground.

References

Royal Air Force aircraft
Valentina Ivanovna Matviyenko (née Tyutina,  born 7 April 1949), is a Russian politician who was Governor of Saint Petersburg from 2003 to 2011. She is Chairman of the Federation Council since 2011. She is the highest-ranking female politician in Russia.

Notes

Other websites 

 Valentina Matvienko is in Lentapedii

Russian politicians
Women politicians
1949 births
Living people
Dejan Savićević (born 15 September 1986) is a former Montenegrin football player. He has played for Yugoslavian national team and the Serbian national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1982/83||rowspan="6"|Budućnost Titograd||rowspan="6"|First League||2||0
|-
|1983/84||7||1
|-
|1984/85||29||6
|-
|1985/86||32||10
|-
|1986/87||31||9
|-
|1987/88||29||10
|-
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|Red Star Belgrade||rowspan="3"|First League||25||10
|-
|1990/91||25||8
|-
|1991/92||22||5

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="7"|Milan||rowspan="7"|Serie A||10||4
|-
|1993/94||20||0
|-
|1994/95||19||9
|-
|1995/96||23||6
|-
|1996/97||17||1
|-
|1997/98||8||0
|-
|1998/99||0||0

|-
|1998/99||Red Star Belgrade||First League||3||0

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Rapid Wien||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||22||11
|-
|2000/01||22||7
202||59
3||0
97||20
44||18
346||97
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1986||1||1
|-
|1987||2||0
|-
|1988||4||3
|-
|1989||5||1
|-
|1990||5||0
|-
|1991||9||5
|-
|1992||1||0
|-
!Total||27||10
|}

|-
|1994||2||0
|-
|1995||3||2
|-
|1996||6||4
|-
|1997||10||3
|-
|1998||4||0
|-
|1999||4||0
|-
!Total||29||9
|}

References 

1966 births
Living people
Montenegrin footballers
Dejan Stanković (born 11 September 1978) is a Serbian football player. He plays for Internazionale Milano and Serbia national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="4"|Red Star Belgrade||rowspan="4"|First League||7||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||7||1
|-
|1995/96||24||4||colspan="2"|-||2||0||26||4
|-
|1996/97||26||10||colspan="2"|-||5||2||31||12
|-
|1997/98||28||15||colspan="2"|-||4||3||32||18

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="6"|Lazio||rowspan="6"|Serie A||29||4||5||1||7||4||41||9
|-
|1999/00||16||3||4||0||11||2||31||5
|-
|2000/01||21||0||2||1||9||0||32||1
|-
|2001/02||27||7||4||0||5||1||36||8
|-
|2002/03||29||6||2||0||7||0||38||6
|-
|2003/04||15||2||4||2||8||0||27||5
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="7"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="7"|Serie A||14||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||16||4
|-
|2004/05||31||3||6||0||10||3||47||6
|-
|2005/06||23||2||7||2||8||2||38||6
|-
|2006/07||34||6||4||0||7||0||45||6
|-
|2007/08||21||1||3||0||6||0||30||1
|-
|2008/09||31||5||1||0||5||0||37||5
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
85||30||colspan="2"|-||11||5||96||35
291||43||44||6||82||12||417||61
376||73||44||6||93||17||513||96
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1998||10||3
|-
|1999||7||3
|-
|2000||8||0
|-
|2001||6||2
|-
|2002||8||0
|-
|2003||4||1
|-
|2004||6||2
|-
|2005||7||0
|-
|2006||11||2
|-
|2007||5||0
|-
|2008||6||0
|-
|2009||7||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||85||13
|}

References 

1978 births
Living people
Serbian footballers
People from Belgrade
is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Mizuno was born in Shizuoka on September 6, 1985. After graduating from Shimizu Commercial High School, he joined J1 League club JEF United Ichihara (later JEF United Chiba) in 2004. He played many matches as right side midfielder from 2005. The club won the champions in the 2005 and 2006 J.League Cup. In January 2008, he moved to Scottish Premier League club Celtic. In June 2010, he returned to Japan and joined J2 League club Kashiwa Reysol. The club won the champions in 2010 J2 and was promoted to J1 from 2011. The club won the champions in 2011 J1 League and 2012 Emperor's Cup. In 2013, he moved to Ventforet Kofu. In 2015, he moved to his first club JEF United Chiba. From 2016, he played for Vegalta Sendai, Sagan Tosu, Roasso Kumamoto and SC Sagamihara.

In 2005, Mizuno was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2005 World Youth Championship. At this tournament, he played all 4 matches and scored 1 goal. On March 24, 2007, he debuted for the Japan national team against Peru. He was also selected Japan for 2007 Asian Cup and played 2 matches. He played 4 games for Japan in 2007.

Statistics

|-
|2004||JEF United Ichihara||J1 League||7||1||1||0||0||0||8||1
|-
|2005||rowspan="3"|JEF United Chiba||rowspan="3"|J1 League||25||3||2||1||5||0||32||4
|-
|2006||25||0||1||0||9||2||35||2
|-
|2007||29||9||0||0||5||0||34||9

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Celtic||rowspan="3"|Premier League||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2008/09||10||1||0||0||0||0||10||1
|-
|2009/10||1||0||0||0||1||0||2||0

|-
|2010||rowspan="3"|Kashiwa Reysol||J2 League||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2011||rowspan="2"|J1 League||10||0||3||0||1||0||14||0
|-
|2012||14||1||4||0||2||0||20||1
|-
|2013||rowspan="2"|Ventforet Kofu||rowspan="2"|J1 League||19||0||1||0||3||0||23||0
|-
|2014||11||1||1||1||3||2||15||4
|-
|2015||JEF United Chiba||J2 League||19||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||21||1
|-
|2016||Vegalta Sendai||J1 League||8||0||1||0||4||0||13||0
|-
|2017||rowspan="2"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="2"|J1 League||9||1||2||0||5||2||16||3
|-
|2018||0||0||0||0||3||0||3||0
|-
|2018||Roasso Kumamoto||J2 League||12||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|-
|2019||rowspan="2"|SC Sagamihara||rowspan="2"|J3 League||10||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|2020||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||0||0
199||17||18||2||40||6||257||25
11||1||0||0||1||0||12||1
210||18||18||2||41||6||269||26
|}

|-
|2007||4||0
|-
!Total||4||0
|}

References

Other websites

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
JEF United Chiba players
Kashiwa Reysol players
Ventforet Kofu players
Vegalta Sendai players
Sagan Tosu players
Roasso Kumamoto players
SC Sagamihara players
is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Mizumoto was born in Ise on September 12, 1985. After graduating from Mie High School, he joined J1 League club JEF United Ichihara (later JEF United Chiba) in 2004. He played many matches as center back. The club won the champions in the 2005 and 2006 J.League Cup. In 2008, he moved to Gamba Osaka. However he could not play many matches and he moved to Kyoto Sanga FC in June. He played as regular player in 3 seasons. The club was relegated to J2 League end of 2010 season. In 2011, he moved to Sanfrecce Hiroshima. The club won the champions in the 2012, 2013 and 2015 J1 League. Although he played as regular player until 2018, he could hardly play in the match in 2019. In August, he moved to Matsumoto Yamaga FC. In 2020, he moved to J2 club FC Machida Zelvia.

In 2005, Mizumoto was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2005 World Youth Championship. At this tournament, he played full-time in all 4 matches. In 2008, he was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 2008 Summer Olympics. At this tournament, he played full-time in all matches as captain. On October 4, 2006, he debuted for the Japan national team against Ghana. He played 7 games for Japan until 2015.

Statistics

|-
|2004||JEF United Ichihara||J1 League||5||0||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="3"|JEF United Chiba||rowspan="3"|J1 League||15||0||2||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|-
|2006||25||1||1||0||11||0||colspan="2"|-||37||1
|-
|2007||31||1||1||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||37||1
|-
|2008||Gamba Osaka||J1 League||7||0||0||0||0||0||4||0||11||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Kyoto Sanga FC||rowspan="3"|J1 League||18||1||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||1
|-
|2009||33||2||2||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||40||2
|-
|2010||34||0||2||1||6||1||colspan="2"|-||42||2
|-
|2011||rowspan="9"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="9"|J1 League||18||1||2||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||20||2
|-
|2012||34||2||0||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||40||2
|-
|2013||34||3||5||0||2||0||6||0||47||3
|-
|2014||34||1||2||0||1||0||7||0||44||1
|-
|2015||33||1||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||35||1
|-
|2016||17||0||2||0||2||0||5||0||26||0
|-
|2017||34||3||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||37||3
|-
|2018||31||0||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||34||0
|-
|2019||0||0||1||0||0||0||3||0||4||0
|-
|2019||Matsumoto Yamaga FC||J1 League||13||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|-
|2020||rowspan="2"|FC Machida Zelvia||rowspan="2"|J2 League||41||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||41||1
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
457||18||27||2||45||1||25||0||554||21
457||18||27||2||45||1||25||0||554||21
|}

|-
|2006||2||0
|-
|2007||0||0
|-
|2008||1||0
|-
|2009||0||0
|-
|2010||0||0
|-
|2011||0||0
|-
|2012||2||0
|-
|2013||0||0
|-
|2014||1||0
|-
|2015||1||0
|-
!Total||7||0
|}

References

Other websites

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Mie Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
JEF United Chiba players
Gamba Osaka players
Kyoto Sanga FC players
Sanfrecce Hiroshima players
Matsumoto Yamaga FC players
FC Machida Zelvia players
Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
The Avro Vulcan (also Avro 698 Vulcan) is a delta wing bomber aircraft.  It was part of the RAF V bombers which were used by the Royal Air Force as a nuclear deterrent during the Cold War.  The other aircraft in the V bombers were the Vickers and Valiant.  The Vulcan was also used for long-distance bombing runs during the Falklands War.

Development
In 1947, the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence said it needed a bomber aircraft that could fly a long way and very high.  It also needed to carry a lot of bombs.  The prototype Vulcan flew in 1948.  It crashed in 1949, but development carried on.  Over 100 aircraft were built between 1956 and 1965.

Use
The crew of the Vulcan was made up of five people – two pilots, two navigators and one electronics officer.  The Vulcan was originally used as part of the United Kingdom's nuclear deterrent.  It carried the United Kingdom's first nuclear weapon, called Blue Danube.

The Vulcan was also used sometimes for reconnaissance.  It was retired from the Royal Air Force in 1984.

Technical data (Vulcan B Mk.2)

References

Other websites

Vulcan To The Sky

Royal Air Force aircraft
Tony Gwynn (May 9, 1960 - June 16, 2014) was an American baseball player. He was a Major League Baseball player for the San Diego Padres. He played from 1982 to 2001.
Gwynn was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2007. His son, Tony Gwynn Jr, currently plays for the Padres. He has a brother named Chris who played for the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Padres.

Gwynn died of salivary gland cancer in Poway, California.

References

1960 births
2014 deaths
African-American baseball players
African-American basketball players
Baseball players from California
Basketball players from California
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from salivary gland cancer
Major League Baseball broadcasters
National League All-Stars
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
San Diego Padres players
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
American basketball players
Jonathan "Jon" Tyler Lester (born January 7, 1984) is a pitcher for the Chicago Cubs. He previously played for the Boston Red Sox and the Oakland Athletics.

He was diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 2006. He came back and made his first 2007 start. He started and also won the clinching game of the 2007 World Series against the Colorado Rockies. He threw a no-hitter on May 19, 2008.

References

Other websites

American baseball players
Sportspeople from Washington
Boston Red Sox players
Chicago Cubs players
Oakland Athletics players
Cancer survivors
Living people
1984 births
People from Tacoma, Washington
Purple Haze is a type of marijuana that has buds that look like purple hairs all around it making it more potent, that is, it has more THC in it. It came into recognition when Jimi Hendrix wrote a song about it and its effects after he had it in the Himalayan region of Nepal. This herb is naturally found on the higher hilly region and himalayan region of Nepal.

Illegal drugs
Cannabis