cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Colleen Ann Fitzpatrick (born July 20, 1972 in Old Bridge, New Jersey) is an American singer and actor. Her stage name is Vitamin C. Before she started her solo career, she was the lead singer of the band Eve's Plum.

Music

Albums 
 More (2001)
 Vitamin C (1999)

Singles 
 "Last Nite" (2003)
 "As Long As You're Loving Me" (2000)
 "The Itch" (2000)
 "Graduation (Friends Forever)" (2000)
 "Me, Myself, & I" (1999)
 "Smile" (1999)

Movies 
 Happy Is Not Hard to Be (2005)
 My X-Girlfriend's Wedding Reception (2001)
 Rock Star (2001)
 Scary Movie 2 (2001) (voice only)
 Get Over It (2001)
 Dracula 2000 (2000)
 Da Hip Hop Witch (2000)
 ''The Haven (2000)
 Liar Liar (1997)
 St. Patrick's Day (1997)
 High School High (1996)
 Just Cause (1995)
 Higher Learning (1995)
 Crinoline Head (1995)
 The Mambo Kings (1992)
 The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear (1991)
 Hairspray'' (1988)

Other websites 
 

1969 births
Living people
Singers from New Jersey
American movie actors
Actors from New Jersey
Opel, full name Adam Opel AG, is an automobile maker from Germany, founded in 1862. Since 1929, Opel is the German brand of the American automaker General Motors. Opel has about 35,000 workers. The company headquarters are in Rüsselsheim, Germany. Other German plants are in Eisenach and Kaiserslautern. In Great Britain, Opel cars are called Vauxhall. Opel would later engineer cars for GMDAT, and still engineers them for GM Korea. From 2007 to 2009 three Opel models (the Antara, the Astra and the Vectra) were sold in the United States under the Saturn marque. Upon the discontinuation of Saturn Buick became responsible for importing the Opel models. The only Buick cars to not be Opels are the Enclave CUV and the full sized LaCrosse sedan. In March 2017, Opel and its parent brand Vauxhall were brought by PSA, the company who owns Peugeot and Citroen.

Car models 
Passenger cars:
Adam | Antara | Ampera | Astra | Cascada | Corsa | Insignia | Karl | Meriva | Mokka | Zafira Tourer

Commercial cars:
Combo | Vivaro | Movano

Concept cars:
Antara GTC | Astra OPC X-Treme | Eco Speedster | Flextreme | Flextreme GT/E | Frogster | GTC Concept | Insignia Concept | Monza Concept | RAK e | Snowtrekker | Trixx

Historic cars:
Agila | Admiral | Ascona | Blitz | Calibra | Commodore | Diplomat | Frontera | GT | Kadett | Kapitän | Manta | Monterey | Monza | Olympia | Omega | Rekord | Senator | Signum | Sintra | Speedster | Tigra | Vectra

Other websites 
 Opel's Corporate Website

1862 establishments
1860s establishments in Germany
General Motors
Automobile companies of Germany
Hesse
JAG (the American military acronym for Judge Advocate General) is an American legal, crime drama television show created by Donald P. Bellisario. It was on air between 1995 and 2005. The series is about the JAG officers Harmon "Harm" Rabb, Jr. (David James Elliott) and Sarah "Mac" MacKenzie (Catherine Bell) in Washington, D.C. In 2003, the series spawned the spin-off NCIS, which had the spin-offs called NCIS: Los Angeles and NCIS: New Orleans.

Actors 
 David James Elliott as Capt. Harmon Harm Rabb Jr.
 John M. Jackson as Rear Admiral (upper half) A. J. Chegwidden (1996–2004)
 Tracey Needham as Lieutenant. j.G. (junior Grade) Meg Austin (1995–1996)
 Catherine Bell as Lt. Colonel Sarah Mac MacKenzie (1997–2005)
 Patrick Labyorteaux as Lt. Commander. Bud Roberts Jr. (1997–2005)
 Karri Turner as Lieutenant Harriet Sims (1997–2005)
 Steven Culp as Clayton Webb
 Sibel Galindez as Lieutenant Elizabeth 'Skates' Hawkes

Other websites 

 

1995 American television series debuts
2005 American television series endings
2000s American television series
American drama television series

Television series set in Washington, D.C.
English-language television programs
Burning is the process of combustion, a reaction between a substance (the fuel) and a gas (the oxidizer).

Burn, burning or burned can mean:
 Burn (injury), injury to the skin caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, or radiation
 Burn (stream), in Scotland and north-eastern England, a type of stream which is smaller than a river
 Burn (computer game), a first-person shooter computer game released in 2007
 Burn, a village in North Yorkshire, England
 Burn and Burn Sugar Free, energy drinks by Coca-Cola
 Burn in, to exercise components (such as electronics) before putting them into service
 Burning, a self-sustaining thermonuclear (nuclear fusion) reaction
 Burning, the recording process for various technologies based on compact discs or DVDs
 Burning-in, a manipulation during photographic enlargement to darken selected areas of the final print
 Burned (image), an image with highlights or shadows considerably outside the medium's gamut
 Execution by burning, an execution by fire, usually by being burnt to death on a pyre
 Indian burn, common school prank also called a Chinese burn
 Burn notice, an official statement issued between intelligence agencies stating that an individual or a group is or has become unreliable.

In music
Bands:
 Burn (UK band), a heavy rock band from Loughborough, England
 Burn (U.S. band), a New York hardcore band

Albums:
 Burn (album), a 1974 album by Deep Purple
 Burn, a 1995 album by Sister Machine Gun
 Burn, a 2000 album by Jo Dee Messina
 Burnin, a 1970 album by The Wailers
 Burning, a 1999 EP by house DJ/producer Pépé Bradock
 Burned, a 1995 album by ElectrafixionSongs:'''
 "Burn" (Usher song), a song from Usher's 2004 album Confessions "Burn" (Nine Inch Nails song), a song by Nine Inch Nails found on the Natural Born Killers Soundtrack
 "Burn", a song by Rancid on the album Let's Go "Burn", a song The Cure featured on The Crow Soundtrack "Burn", a song by Shannon Noll on his 2004 album That's What I'm Talking About "Burn", a song by Mushroomhead on their 2006 album Savior Sorrow "Burn", a song by Alkaline Trio on their 2005 album Crimson "Burn", a song by Collective Soul found on their album Home
 "Burn", a song by Three Days Grace on their album Three Days Grace "Burn", a song by Year Of The Rabbit on their EP Hunted "Burn", a song by Against Me! which first appeared on their 2001 EP Crime As Forgiven By "Burn", a song by King Diamond on the 1990 album The Eye "Burn", a song by Michael Angelo Batio on his 2005 album Hands Without Shadows "Burn", a song by Deep Purple on their 1974 album Burn "Burnnn!", a song by Pantera on their 1988 album Power Metal "The Burn", a song by Matchbox Twenty on their 2000 album Mad SeasonIn media
 Burn!, a 1969 film
 Burn, a 1998 film directed by Scott Storm
 Burn, a 2005 novel by James Patrick Kelly
 Burned'', a 2005 novel by Ellen Hopkins
 Burn Notice (TV series), a 2007 television drama

Basic English 850 words
Bronze is a metal alloy. Bronze is mostly copper, with some tin added (usually between 5% and 20% tin) to make it stronger. When an alloy is bronze, it means it is made of copper and tin. 

Other bronzes are:
 Aluminum bronze
 Leaded bronze
 Silicon bronze
 Phosphor bronze

Bronze should not be confused with brass which is a different alloy of copper and zinc.

History 
Bronze was the first alloy that was used by humans. The first nation that used bronze was Egypt about 3500 years B.C. This gave the name for the Bronze Age.

Bronze is stronger than copper or tin alone. Bronze lasts longer than copper. Pure copper can be oxidized by air and also by water. When copper is oxidized by air or water, it turns green (the color of "copper oxide"), and falls apart.

When people learned how to make and work iron, the Bronze Age ended, and the Iron Age started. Iron can be made harder than bronze, but is susceptible to corrosion (see rust). Iron also wears away faster than bronze, when different pieces are moving against each other. Iron is very common, and easy to make. For this reason, iron costs less than bronze. This is the reason why iron is now used where bronze used to be used.

Current use 
Bronze is still used to make many parts of machines.  We use bronze when the part must last for a long time around water and air, or must not wear away.  The main things that are made out of it are pump parts, bearings, bells, electrical components, gears, valves, and other things.

Bronze parts are usually cast in a foundry. After they are cast, bronze parts can also be worked in a lathe or milling machine, or drilled. Bronze is not normally worked with a hammer as iron is.

Pictures 

Alloys
Metallurgy
Flight or flying is a process of movement of an object in a gaseous environment or a vacuum. In practice this means it moves through the air.

Animals 
Best adapted for long controlled powered flight are flying birds and insects, bats (Chiroptera), and the extinct pterosaurs. 

All of these animals use (or used) the aerodynamic principles of flight, using the load-bearing properties of the wing for active flight. There are also many animals that glide and parachute flight, such as some spiders' webs, aeroplankton, flying clams, flying fish, and various forest-dwelling mammals and reptiles. 

The fastest flying animal is the peregrine falcon. The speed of its dive is over .

Floating flight
An aerostat is a system that remains in the air by the use of floating. Man-made aerostats include balloons and airships. An aerostat's main structural component is its envelope, a lightweight skin containing a lifting gas to provide floating, to which other parts are attached. By contrast, aerodynes use aerodynamic lift, which requires the movement of the aircraft through the surrounding air mass.

There are a huge number of plants which distribute their spores or seeds by air. Many bacteria and viruses do so as well. With these very small objects, the surface area is great in proportion to its weight. That is why they lift off.

References 

Basic English 850 words
Zoology
Physics
A pound is:

 Pound (currency): currency in some countries
 Pound (mass): used to measure the mass of something
 Pound sterling: the official money used in the United Kingdom
 Pound, Virginia, a town in the U.S. state of Virginia
The dalton or unified atomic mass unit (abbreviated: amu, u, or Da) is a unit of measurement that is used to measure the mass of atoms. The atomic mass unit is equal to one twelfth of the mass of the carbon-12.

The unified atomic mass unit and the dalton are different names for the same thing. The word 'dalton' is being used more over time. The unit is named after John Dalton, an 18th-century naturalist and teacher.

References

Analytical chemistry
Chemical
Anions are atoms or radicals (groups of atoms), that have gained electrons. Since they now have more electrons than protons, anions have a negative charge. For example, chloride ions Cl- , bromide Br- , iodide I-.  These are monovalent anions, meaning they have a valency (combining capacity) with only one ion of hydrogen.  Similarly there are bivalent anions, etc.

An ion is an atom (or group of atoms) with an electrical charge. Anions are one of the two types of ions. The other type is called a Cation, having a positive charge. In many crystals the anions are bigger; the little cations fit into the spaces between them.

Anions are termed so because they are attracted towards the anode (the positive electrode).  All anions tend to accept a proton H+ thus they are categorised as base 

Physical chemistry

en:Ion#Anions and cations
ja:イオン#陰イオン
sv:Jon#Anjon
David is a statue by Michelangelo, begun in 1501 and completed in 1504. It is made of marble and is 17 feet tall. It is a statue of a shepherd, David, whose story is told in the Bible. David fought a battle with a giant soldier called Goliath. He beat Goliath by knocking him down with a small stone from his slingshot. David later became King of Israel.   

Michelangelo has carved the figure naked, in the way that Ancient Roman statues of Classical Gods were often made. He shows David before the fight, just as he is looking at Goliath and planning what to do. 

The statue was paid for by the wool-workers of Florence. To the people of the Republic of Florence, David, the teenage boy who fought a giant, was a symbol of how a small fierce town could battle off powerful invaders. David was a particularly important symbol to the wool-workers as well, because as a boy, he took care of his father’s sheep, and as a king, he was like a shepherd to his people. 

The statue of David is a symbol of the City of Florence, Italy,  and is Michelangelo's most famous work of sculpture.  It is often called The David.

Making the statue
From about 1464 the members of the Wool Guild wanted to have twelve statues of people from the Old Testament of the Bible carved for the Florence Cathedral.  These statues were to go on the buttresses all around the outside walls, high up near the roof. Two statues had already been made by Donatello and his assistant, Agostino di Duccio.  Duccio was asked to carve a statue of David. He began carving the  statue's feet, chest and a hole between the legs. He stopped making the statue when his master, Donatello, died in 1466.  Antonio Rossellino then worked on the statue for two years.  The block of stone was untouched for 33 years and was left in the cathedral workshop where it was getting damaged by the weather.  Michelangelo began working on David on September 13, 1501.  It was finished on September 8, 1504.

Where the statue was placed

When it was finished, the statue was placed in front of the entrance to the Palazzo Vecchio.  During 1873 it was moved to the Accademia Gallery in Florence to protect it from damage.  The statue currently attracts many visitors to the Accademia Gallery.

Damage to the statue
In 1991, the statue of David was attacked by a person with a hammer. Before the person with the hammer could be stopped, damage was done to the toes of the left foot.

Related pages
The following are other statues by Michelangelo:
Moses
Pieta

Statues
Art by Michelangelo
Moses is a statue that was made by Michelangelo.  It is a statue of Moses from the Bible.  The statue is unusual because Moses has horns on his head.  This was one of Michelangelo's last projects.

Related pages
The following are other statues by Michelangelo:
David
Pieta

Other websites
 http://www.romaviva.com/Santa-Maria-Maggiore/moses.htm  Website with more information on Moses.

Statues
Art by Michelangelo
Cupid, also called Amor (Latin for love), is the god of sexual desire in Roman mythology. He fired golden arrows at people to make them fall in love, and lead arrows to make people fall out of love. He was mainly drawn as a cherub, but he might have looked like a normal teenager. He had large feathery wings which he used to fly around in the sky and mainly shot people with his love arrows by flying above them. He secretly did this. And many people asked him for help.

Related pages
Eros – Greek mythology version of Cupid.

Roman gods and goddesses
The Creation of Adam is part of a painting by Michelangelo which can be seen on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican City. It is of Adam and God touching hands so that God can give the spark of life to Adam.

Art by Michelangelo
Paintings with Christian themes
16th-century paintings
The Dvorak Simplified Keyboard ( ) is an alternative way of putting letters on an English keyboard. Most English keyboards have the keys lined up in a "QWERTY layout." The point of QWERTY was to prevent typewriter keys from sticking, but it is not the most "ergonomic", or comfortable, keyboard to type on. August Dvorak invented the Dvorak keyboard, where letters are arranged based on how often they are used. For instance, the most common letters (like "e") are in the center row of keys, so less hand movement is needed when a person is typing.

Proponents of the Dvorak keyboard feel that with the use of computers rather than typewriters, there is no reason to keep the QWERTY keyboard. Many Dvorak keyboard users think that more people should use the Dvorak keyboard, as it aims to prevent typing injuries (like repetitive strain injury and carpal tunnel syndrome). But most users are used to the QWERTY keyboard, and do not want to switch.

References 

Writing tools
Computer hardware
Data input
Microsoft FrontPage (Full name: Microsoft Office FrontPage) is a program made by Microsoft to help people make webpages and full websites. It was one of Microsoft Office programs until 2003.

Microsoft FrontPage was commercially available in four versions:
FrontPage 98, FrontPage 2000, FrontPage 2002 & FrontPage 2003.

A freeware version was also included in earlier releases of Internet Explorer.  It was called FrontPage Express.  It was a useful web editor without costing as much as professional software.  FrontPage express is compatible with Windows XP and some other versions of Windows.  FrontPage Express downloads are still available online from third-party hosts, such as stormthecastle.com.

FrontPage is a WYSIWYG, "What You See Is What You Get", Web Editor. All versions of FrontPage are still in use by web developers all over the globe.

The 2003 version is the last installment to the series. It was discontinued in 2006, being replaced by Microsoft Expression Web and Microsoft Office SharePoint Designer.

The first version of the app was made by Vermeer Technologies in 2005, before its acquisition by Microsoft.

References 

Microsoft software
Some chemical compounds containing sodium
 Sodium carbonate, washing soda or soda ash
 Sodium bicarbonate, baking soda 
 Sodium hydroxide, caustic soda
 Sodium oxide, an alkali metal oxide

Also, products made by or containing one of these chemicals:
 Soda glass

Food and drink
 Soda water, a natural potable mineral water with high concentration of sodium bicarbonate, often carbonated
 Soft drink, a sodium bicarbonate beverage; typically carbonated
 Soda cracker, or saltine cracker
 Soda bread, a variety of quick bread
 Ice cream soda, a dessert dish
Gonads are the ovaries and testicles. A male usually refers to his testes as "gonads" more than a female would refer to her ovaries as gonads.

Glands
Watercolours (UK), also called watercolor (US) or aquarelle (French), are paintings whose colours are water-based pigments.

Pigments are coloured materials from rocks, plants, or chemicals, that dissolve in water. They are made in the form of cakes or tablets. When water is added, the powdered pigment becomes liquid again. The pigment is applied to white paper or white card by brush or cloth or cotton wool, and allowed to dry. Unlike painting in oil-based pigments (coloured materials dissolved in oil), a watercolour can not be painted over without spoiling the colour, whose purity depends on the white backing below. Therefore, each area of a watercolour painting is painted only once, and looks fresh and original rather than worked over. Watercolour painting is often used in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese paintings. Fingerpainting with watercolours came from China.

Painting
Paints
An expert system is a program running on a computer. Like a human expert, it knows a lot about a subject. People can ask the expert system a question. The expert system will then use a set of rules and give answers to the question. This method of automated reasoning belongs to a field of computer science called artificial intelligence.

Different groups of people can have different kinds of access to an expert system. The people managing the network of computers have different needs than the office worker or secretary.

How expert systems work
Expert systems are made of
A set of facts, rules and principles
A set of data that is solved using its expertise
A user interface

When they are asked a question, they will filter the data with the rules they have. They might give back a result, or ask an additional question.

Categories of expert systems
Case-based expert systems have a number of cases; each case describes the problem in context, and  the solution of the problem, in the specific case. The current problem is matched as closely as possible to a case. The solution of the case found is then applied to the current problem. The main problem of such systems is to define how cases relate to each other, or are similar. An example of where such a system may be used is that of a patient: This patient shows a given number of symptoms, and the expert system could diagnose the patient.
Rule-based systems do not rely on cases; instead, there are a number of rules. These are expressed in the form IF A THEN B.  In most systems, human experts have to write the rules. 
A third approach is to construct systems that are based on decision trees. Such systems are capable of learning, or of extending their knowledge base, using inductive reasoning. When the classification is done, the system uses a path through the tree. At the end, it arrives at a leaf, which indicates the class of solution to the problem.  Each bifurcation in the tree is based on an attribute, that is checked. The value of the attribute determines how to continue the path. Ideally, good results are obtained using small trees. The problem is finding good attributes to base the decisions on. 

Artificial intelligence
Systems
Hermann Hesse (2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-Swiss poet, novelist, and painter. In 1946, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature. His best known works include Steppenwolf, Siddhartha, and The Glass Bead Game (also known as Magister Ludi).

Other websites 

 
 Hermann Hesse Page - in German and English, maintained by Professor Gunther Gottschalk
 Hermann Hesse Portal 
 Community of the Journeyer to the Easy  - in German and English
 Concise Biography  - originally published by the Germanic American Institute, by Paul A. Schons
 Article  at 'Books and Writers'

1877 births
1962 deaths
German novelists
German painters
German poets
People from Baden-Württemberg
Swiss poets
In computing, a communication protocol refers to the set of rules that computers use to communicate with each other.  The protocol defines the signals that the computers will give each other, and other details such as how communication begins and/or ends   . 

Types of Protocol
 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), is used for accessing and receiving Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) files on the internet.
 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP),  is used for transferring e-mail between computers.
 Post Office Protocol version 3 (PoP3) is the most common account type for personal e‑mail. Messages are typically deleted from the server when you check your e‑mail.
 Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is a protocol for e-mail retrieval and storage developed in 1986 at Stanford University as an alternative to POP.
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP), is used for showing files to be copied between devices.
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), ensures the delivery of information packets across networks.
 Internet Protocol (IP), is responsible for logical addressing called "IP address" to route information between networks.
 In computer networking, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link (layer 2) protocol used to establish a direct connection between two nodes.
The packets and device protocol(TPADP) makes sure that the other protocols have a back up route.

References

Related pages 
Computer network
Internet protocol suite
OSI model
Application programming interface
Aldi is a supermarket in Germany and in most parts of the European Union. Aldi shops are also in Australia and the United States. Most German towns and villages have at least one Aldi shop. There are about 4,100 stores in Germany, and 7,600 worldwide. The name of the shop stands for ALbrecht-DIscount.

The company is a food retailer, but it also sells non-food at times. In the 1990s, Aldi often sold computers that were sought after. Aldi has a reputation for being cheap. It forces its suppliers to sell to them at low prices.

History 
The company was started in 1913 as a family grocery business in Essen. In 1946, brothers Karl Albrecht (1920-2014) and Theo Albrecht (1922-2010) took over the business from their mother. Theo had been held by the US in a prisoner of war camp. They started the idea of discount shops in Germany. They decided to have a limited range of goods and sell them at a discount price. In 1960, the company was split into Aldi Nord (Aldi North) under the control of Theo, and Aldi Süd (Aldi South) under the control of Karl. The brothers became billionaires. In 2009 Karl's wealth was estimated to be €25 billion. Theo was kidnapped in 1971 and held prisoner for 17 days until a seven million mark ransom was paid. The family have avoided publicity and there are few known photographs of them.

Geographic distribution

Australia
Aldi started in Australia in 2001. At the end of 2010 there were 210 Aldi stores in eastern Australia and the company were planning to open 20-30 stores each year. In 2009 the Australian stores made a profit of AU$91.94 million, up 27% on 2008.

References

Other websites 

 Aldi International (with links to all of Aldi's international websites)

1913 establishments in Europe
1910s establishments in Germany
Supermarkets of Germany
The Channel Tunnel (or Chunnel) (French: le tunnel sous la Manche) is a long underwater tunnel between England and France that runs under the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. It is only for trains. Some of the trains in the Channel Tunnel carry freight, including automobiles. Others, like the Eurostar, carry only passengers.

The tunnel, which was once called the Eurotunnel, opened in 1994. It is 50 kilometres (31 miles) long and its deepest point is 75 metres (250 feet) beneath the surface. It connects Folkestone, Kent in the United Kingdom to Calais in northern France. This has reduced travel time between London and Paris to a little over two hours with high-speed trains.

Other websites 
 EuroTunnel.com

Tunnels
Seven Wonders of the Modern World
Buildings and structures in England
Buildings and structures in France
Transport in England
Transport in France
Hauts-de-France
Kent
1994 establishments in Europe
Katowice (pronounce:  , also known as Kattowitz in German) is a city in Poland. It is in the south of Poland in the historical region called Silesia on Kłodnica and Rawa river. It received city rights in 1865. Between 1953 and 1956 Katowice had the name Stalinogród - "Stalin City". It was given by the polish communists. There are about 315,123 people living there. The mayor of the city is Marcin Krupa. For a long period of time the city was ruled by Germans, as it was a part of Germany until 1918. There is a little airport called Airport Muchowiec. There are both modern and old buildings in Katowice. It was the center of the coal mining and metallurgy.

Districts

Famous people from Katowice 

 Hans Bellmer, surrealist photographer
 Henryk M. Broder, journalist
 Maria Goeppert-Mayer
 Kurt Goldstein, neurologist
 Richard Herrmann, German footballer
 Jerzy Kukuczka 
 Kazimierz Kutz 
 Franz Leopold Neumann 
 Hans Sachs

Twin towns 
 Cologne (Germany)
 Groningen (Netherlands)
 Miskolc (Hungary)
 Mobile, Alabama (United States)
 Odense (Denmark)
 Ostrava (Czech Republic)
 Saint-Etienne (France)

References

Other websites 

 The Municipal Council of Katowice 
 The Commercial Website of Katowice
 Katowice, Silesia 
 A webcam view of Katowice 
 Hotel in Katowice 
 Tram in Katowice

Cities in Poland
Giorgio Napolitano (born in Naples, Italy on June 29, 1925) was the 11th President of the Italian Republic.

He was elected on May 10, 2006 on the fourth ballot, with 543 votes out of 1009 (the required number was 505), but he took office as President only on May 15, 2006, after Carlo Azeglio Ciampi's time was finished. 

He was voted mostly by the left-wing coalition led by Prime Minister Romano Prodi, head of the Italian Government. Napolitano was preceded at his job by Carlo Azeglio Ciampi. His nickname is King George.

Napolitano resigned as President of Italy on January 14, 2015 due to his old age.

References

Presidents of Italy
Recipients of the Order pro merito Melitensi
1925 births
Living people
People from Naples
Recipients of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)
Robert Carlyle Byrd (November 20, 1917 – June 28, 2010) was a Senator of the state of West Virginia from 1959 until his death in 2010. He is the longest serving Senator in United States History. He was dean of the United States Senate from 2003 to 2010. He was President pro tempore four times. He was elected to the Senate in 1958. He served as majority leader from 1977 to 1981 and again from 1987 to 1989. He was also minority leader from 1981 to 1987. He was a member of the KKK.

Early life
Byrd was born on November 20, 1917 in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina. He was married to Erma James from 1937 until her death in 2006. They had two children.

Political career
Byrd was fourth person in the state (as President pro tempore of the Senate, usually longest serving Senator from majority party) from January 1989 to January 1995, from January 3, 2001 to January 20, 2001 and again from June 2001 to January 2003 and January 2007 until his death in 2010.

After Republicans retook control of the Senate, he became the honorary President "pro tempore emeritus" In 2007, Byrd became President Pro Tempore of the Senate again. Before he was elected to the Senate he served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1953 until 1959 (he is dean of all Congress).

He was a vocal opponent of President George W. Bush's war in Iraq. In January 2006 he was one of the only four (alongside Ben Nelson of Nebraska, Kent Conrad of North Dakota and Ken Salazar of Colorado) democratic Senators, who voted for Samuel Alito.

Death
Byrd died on June 28, 2010 in Falls Church, Virginia from problems caused by heat exhaustion, aged 92.

References

1917 births
2010 deaths
American Baptists
Lawyers from North Carolina
Deaths from natural causes
Deans of the United States Senate
Minority leaders of the United States Senate
Majority leaders of the United States Senate
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
1976 United States presidential candidates
United States representatives from West Virginia
United States senators from West Virginia
US Democratic Party politicians
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Deaths from exhaustion
Artemis is the Greek goddess of the Moon, hunting, archery, virginity and midwifery. She is one of the members of the Twelve Olympians who ruled the world on top of Mount Olympus. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, older twin sister of Apollo. Her roman equivalent is Diana.  

Artemis is generally depicted as a beautiful huntress wearing a sleeveless tunic and carrying a bow and arrow. She is accompanied by a group of nymphs huntresses. Bow, arrow, quiver and knives serves as her symbols. While deer and stags is her sacred animal.

Ancient Greek myths involving Artemis

Birth

Hera, who was Zeus's wife, discovered that Leto was pregnant and became very angry. She banned Leto from giving birth on any mainland or island known.

Leto found the island of Delos, which floated and so was not an island or mainland, and gave birth there. Hera then locked up the goddess of childbirth, Eilethyia, so she could not give birth to the twins. Then, all the other goddesses convinced her to let her free so she could finally give birth. Leto gave birth to Artemis without any problem. However she was in labor with Apollo for nine days. Artemis helped Leto to give birth to Apollo.

Acteon

A mortal hunter named Acteon stumbled upon Artemis while she was bathing in one of his hunting session with his friends. Artemis discovered him and she was enraged. So she inflicted a punishment upon him for spying on her whilst she was bathing by transforming him into a stag. She sent his own hunting dogs to tear him apart.

Hippolytos 

Hippolytos, a companion and devotee of Artemis, was slain through the machinations of Aphrodite, as punishment for his scorning of love and neglecting her worship. Artemis avenged the death of Hippolytos by killing Aphrodite's favourite lover, Adonis. She later petitioned Asclepius to bring the boy back to life, and spirited him away to her sacred shrine in Aricia.

Related pages
 Artume - Etruscan mythology version of Artemis. 
 Diana - Roman mythology version of Artemis.
 Temple of Artemis

Other websites 

 Theoi Project, Artemis, information on Artemis from original Greek and Roman sources, images from classical art.
 Hymn To Artemis - The Virgin Goddess of the Hunt
 A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890) (eds. G. E. Marindin, William Smith, LLD, William Wayte)

Twelve Olympians
Daphne can mean:
Daphne, a dryad in Greek mythology

Art
Dafne is the name of an opera by Jacopo Peri (1597), no longer existent, and is considered to be the first opera ever composed.
Daphne is also the title of an opera by Richard Strauss based on the myth of the nymph Daphne.
Daphne Descends is a song on the Smashing Pumpkins' Adore album.
Daphne is a song on several Django Reinhardt albums, such as Djangology.  The song was originally written in 1938.

Sciences
Daphne is also a genus of shrubs in the plant family Thymelaeaceae, noted for their scented flowers and poisonous berries.
41 Daphne is the name of an asteroid.
DAΦNE is a nuclear physics experiment in Frascati, Italy.
DAPHNE is an emulator of Laserdisc Arcade Games.

Geography
 Many cities and villages in Greece are named Dafni
Daphne is the name of a city in the U.S. state of Alabama.

Fiction
Daphne Blake is a character in the television cartoon Scooby-Doo.
Daphne Broon is a character in the Scottish cartoon strip The Broons.
Daphne Moon is a character in the Emmy Award Winning Show Frasier.
Daphne is the name of a tree that is important in finding Maia Mizuki's lost memories, in the anime Daphne in the Brilliant Blue (2004)

Other
SS Daphne was a ship which sank disastrously in 1883.
"Daphne II" is a European Community program based on the decission 803/2004/CE from the European Parliament, to prevent and fight violence against women and children and protect the victims and risk groups; It states a common position and strategy from the representatives of the European citizenship.
Styx is the goddess of the river Styx in Greek mythology, and was the only female river goddess. She was the daughter of Okeanos and Tethys, and with Pallas was also the mother of Zelus, Nike, Kratos, and Bia (and sometimes Eos). During the Titanomachy she sent the children to help Zeus. To reward her for helping the Olympians, Zeus did not throw her in Tartarus, but let her be the guardian of the river Styx. She is the wife of the ferryman, Charon, and the guardian of the river Coctylus, Archeon.

Greek gods and goddesses
Afterlife
Julius Henry Marx or Groucho Marx (October 2, 1890 – August 19, 1977), was an American comedian. He was best known for work with his siblings in The Marx Brothers and then later on his own. He was also best known for portraying a fast-talking "wise guy" with bushy eyebrows, glasses, moustache and a cigar.

1890 births
1977 deaths
Actors from New York City
American Jews
American movie actors
Comedians from New York City
Deaths from pneumonia
National Radio Hall of Fame inductees
Nyx was the goddess of the night in Greek mythology. She came out of Chaos.

Her Roman equivalent was Nox.

Hesiod's Theogony 
In his theogony (How the gods came to be), Hesiod tells: Night is born of Chaos; her offspring are many, and telling. With Erebus, Night gives birth to the following deities:
 Aether ("atmosphere") and Hemera ("day").
Later, on her own, Night gives birth to 
 Momus "blame"
 Ponos "toil"
 Moros "fate"
 Thanatos "death"
 Hypnos "sleep", 
 the Oneiroi "the tribe of dreams"
 the Hesperides
 the Keres and Fates
 Nemesis "retribution"
 Apate "deception"
 Philotes "friendship"
 Geras "age", 
 and Eris "strife". 

In his description of Tartarus, Hesiod says further that Hemera "day", who is now Night's sister rather than daughter, left Tartarus just as Nyx entered it; when Hemera returned, Nyx left. This mirrors the portrayal of Ratri "night" in the Rig-Veda, where she works in close cooperation but also tension with her sister Ushas "dawn".

Children 
 Only hers:
Hypnos, the god of sleep.
 Thanatos, the god of death.
 Apate, the god of deception.
 Eris, the god of strife.
 Geras, the god of age.
 Momus, the god of blame.
 Moros, the god of fate.
 Philotes, the god of friendship.
 Ponus, the god of toil.

 with Erebos: Charon

Related pages
 Nox - Etruscan mythology version of Nyx.

Greek gods and goddesses
Metis is the goddess of wisdom in Greek mythology. She is one of the Titans and is the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. She was the mother of Athena.

There is also a moon named after Metis.

When she was inside Zeus, Metis made a helmet and a robe for her baby. The hammering noise caused Zeus to have a headache. To try and help Zeus with the pain, Prometheus, Hephaestus, Hermes, or Palaemon (depending on the myth) cut his head open with a Minoan axe.  Athena then came out of Zeus's head. She was fully grown and had her armour on.

Related pages
Athena
9 Metis

Nymphs
Sioux Falls (pronounced "sue falls") is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the largest city in the state; 153,888 people lived there at the 2010 census. The city is in the eastern part of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County, where most of the city is located. The southern part of the city is in Lincoln County. Sioux Falls became a city in 1876. The city is built around the Big Sioux River, and it gets its name from a set of waterfalls along the river that are located in a park in the city.

Sports 
Sioux Falls is home to four major sports teams. The Sioux Falls Skyforce play basketball in the NBA Development League, the Sioux Falls Canaries play baseball in the American Association, the Sioux Falls Stampede play ice hockey in the United States Hockey League, and the Sioux Falls Storm play American football in the Indoor Football League.

Transport 
Two major Interstate highways go through Sioux Falls. Interstate 90 goes from east to west, and Interstate 29 goes from north to south. Sioux Falls also has a shorter route, Interstate 229, that serves the eastern part of the city and connects Interstate 90 to Interstate 29. The city is also home to the Sioux Falls Regional Airport, which has flights to many big cities across the country.

Related pages

References

Other websites 
 City of Sioux Falls government website

County seats in South Dakota
 
1876 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Dakota Territory
Events
circa 33 – Jesus is crucified, and according to Christianity, resurrects from the dead.
{{Infobox movie
| name = Deliverance
| director = John Boorman
| producer = John Boorman
| writer = Novel:James DickeyScreenplay:James Dickey| starring = Jon VoightBurt ReynoldsNed BeattyRonny CoxJames Dickey
| music =
| cinematography =  Vilmos Zsigmond
| editing = Tom Priestley
| distributor = Warner Bros.
| released = July 30, 1972
| runtime = 109 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $2 million
| gross  = $46,122,355
}}Deliverance' is a 1972 American crime drama movie made by Warner Bros.. It was directed by John Boorman and stars Burt Reynolds, Ronny Cox, Ned Beatty, and Jon Voight. It was based on a book written in 1970 by James Dickey, who also wrote the screenplay and had a small part in the movie. It is set in rural northern Georgia. Four men from Atlanta take a trip in a canoe. Two of them are raped by sadistic local men; the victims take revenge on their attackers.Deliverance'' got good reviews from critics and is widely considered one of the best films of 1972.

Awards and nominations
Nominated for:

Academy Award for Best Picture
Academy Award for Directing – John Boorman
Academy Award for Film Editing – Tom Priestley
New York Film Critics Circle for Best Film and Best Director
Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe Award for Best Director – Motion Picture – John Boorman
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama – Jon Voight
Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song – Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith, Eric Weissberg and Steve Mandel
Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay – James Dickey

References

Other websites 

 
 
 
 

1970 books
1972 crime movies
1972 drama movies
1970s adventure movies
20th-century American novels
1970s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
English-language movies
Movies about revenge
Movies based on books
Movies set in Georgia (U.S. state)
Rape in movies
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies directed by John Boorman
The Adventures of Robin Hood is a 1938 swashbuckler movie. It was directed by Michael Curtiz and William Keighley. It was shot in Technicolor.  The movie stars Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone, and Claude Rains. The story is based on the traditional tales of Robin Hood. It is the third of eight movies Flynn and De Havilland made together. The movie won three minor Academy Awards. In 1995, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

1938 movies
1930s adventure movies
American adventure movies
United States National Film Registry movies
Swashbuckler movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Michael Curtiz
Movies directed by William Keighley
Speed is a 1994 American action-thriller movie set in Los Angeles, California. It stars Keanu Reeves, Sandra Bullock, Jeff Daniels, Alan Ruck, and Dennis Hopper with Joe Morton. It is about a police officer (Reeves) who has to stop a extortionist (Hopper), who has put a bomb on a city bus. The movie was a box office success in many countries.

It was followed by a 1997 sequel, Speed 2: Cruise Control.

Release dates

Other websites 

 

1994 crime movies
1994 thriller movies
20th Century Fox movies
1994 action movies
1990s crime thriller movies
1990s American action movies
American crime thriller movies
Chase movies
English-language movies
Movies about extortion
Movies about murderers
Movies set in Los Angeles
Anna Kavan (born Helen Emily Woods; 10 April 1901 – 5 December 1968) was an English writer.

Her early work, comprising six novels, gave little indication of the style and content of her writing after 1939. The change of her name to Anna Kavan in 1940 signalled an experimental form, focussed on the 'nocturnal language' of dreams and addiction.

I Am Lazarus is a collection of short stories that address the disturbing unreality of mental illness, particularly as a result of [war-related] post traumatic stress disorder.

Kavan travelled extensively during the Second World War, spending 22 months in New Zealand. That country's proximity to Antarctica informed her writing of Ice.

Kavan's biographical details have until recently been vague and sketchy, but recent discoveries of letters and unpublished manuscripts have shed revealing light on her life and times. Dr Jennifer Sturm of Auckland University has made a recent study of Kavan's writing, and has unearthed significant validation of her biographical details. Kavan is currently enjoying something of a belated interest. London publishers Peter Owen Publishers have for many years flown the Kavan flag and continue to do so, with the recent re-release of Ice and a forthcoming publication of Guilty, a new posthumous release of Kavan's work.

1901 births
1968 deaths
English novelists
Medusa is a character in Greek mythology. Her story has been told and retold by ancient and modern storytellers, writers, and artists.  

The Latin poet Ovid writes in Book IV of  his Metamorphoses that Poseidon had raped Medusa in the temple of Athena. The goddess was angry, and changed Medusa into a monster with snakes for hair.  To people in Ovid's time, Medusa, not Poseidon, was the one who had done something wrong.

Artists have made statues and paintings of Medusa for thousands of years.  Ancient Greeks and other ancient people painted Medusa's face on pots and doors and other things.  In Greek art from this time, artists usually painted or carved people looking out to the side.  Medusa was almost always carved looking out of the picture toward the viewer. This was so Medusa could scare evil things away.  These pictures of Medusa are called Gorgoneions. They are an example of using one evil thing to make other evil things leave, the same way Perseus used Medusa against his other enemies.

Myth 

Medusa was one of three sisters, the Gorgons. Medusa's sisters were Stheno and Euryale. Medusa was mortal, but her sisters were immortal. They were all children of the sea gods, Phorkys and his sister Keto. Before they were monsters, all three sisters were beautiful young women, Medusa the most; however, she was a priestess in the temple of Athena and was bound by a vow of celibacy.

Any man or animal who looked directly upon her was turned to stone.

 

The hero Perseus cut off Medusa's head.  He snuck up on her by using his shiny shield as a mirror. He put Medusa's head in a special bag and then showed it to his enemies.  They turned to stone.  Then he gave Medusa's head to the gods.  Either Zeus or Athena put her head on the shield called aegis.

Medusa was pregnant by Poseidon at the time of her death. Pegasus, a winged horse, and Chrysaor, a golden giant, sprang from her blood.

Medusa in art 

Medusa was a subject for ancient vase painters, mosaicists, and sculptors. She appears on the breastplate of Alexander the Great in the Alexander Mosaic at the House of the Faun in Pompeii, Italy (about 200 BC). 

A Roman copy of Phidias' Medusa (left) is held in the Glyptothek in Munich, Germany.  

Among the Renaissance depictions are the sculpture Perseus with the Head of Medusa by Benvenuto Cellini (1554) and the oil painting Medusa by Caravaggio (1597).

 

Baroque depictions include Head of Medusa by Peter Paul Rubens (1618); the marble bust Medusa by Bernini (1630s); and Perseus Turning Phineus and his Followers to Stone, an oil painting by Luca Giordano from the (early 1680s).

Romantic and modern depictions include Perseus with the Head of Medusa by Antonio Canova (1801) and Perseus, a sculpture by Salvador Dalí. Twentieth century artists whno tackled the Medusa theme include Paul Klee, John Singer Sargent, Pablo Picasso, Pierre et Gilles, and Auguste Rodin.  The twenty-first century sculpture Medusa with the Head of Perseus by Luciano Garbati became part of the #MeToo Movement.

References
    

Greek legendary creatures
Monsters
Lilo & Stitch: The Series is a Disney Channel animated television series based on the 2002 movie, Lilo & Stitch. It follows Stitch! The Movie, which was a pilot to the series. As with the first movie, it stars Daveigh Chase as Lilo Pelekai and Chris Sanders as her alien friend Stitch. In the show, they try to find Stitch's alien cousins and the job each cousin is perfect for.

Characters 
 626/Stitch (voiced by Chris Sanders)
 Lilo Pelekai (voiced by Daveigh Chase)
 Dr. Jumba Jookiba (voiced by David Ogden Stiers)
 Agent Wendy Pleakley (voiced by Kevin McDonald)
 Nani Pelekai (voiced by Tia Carrere) Lilo's older sister.
 Captain Gantu (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson)
 625/Reuben (voiced by Rob Paulsen)
 Dr. Jacques von Hämsterviel (voiced by Jeff Bennett)
 Mertle Edmonds (voiced by Liliana Mumy)
 624/Angel (voiced by Tara Strong)

Episodes 
Main article: List of Lilo & Stitch: The Series episodes

Other websites 
 Disney Channel site 
 
 TV.com entry 

Animated television series
2003 television series debuts
Lilo & Stitch
Television series by Buena Vista Television
2006 television series endings
Olga Bondarenko (maiden name Krentser, born 2 June 1960 in Slavgorod, Altai Krai, Russia) is a long-distance runner. Running for the U.S.S.R., she won the 10,000 metre race at the 1988 Summer Olympics, and the 3,000 metre race at the 1986 European Championships. Earlier she had set a world record for the 10,000 m event, at 31 minutes, 13.78 seconds, in Kiev in 1984. Her first world-class gold medal was a first-place finish in the 5,000 m race at the 1986 Goodwill Games in Moscow. She competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics.

References

Olga Bondarenko at sporting-heroes.net
Olga Bondarenko-Krentser 

1960 births
Living people
1992 Summer Olympics
Competitors in athletics
Female athletes
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Russian sportspeople
Soviet Olympic gold medalists