cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Norway at the Olympics is a history which began in 1900.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Norway is NOR.

History
A team from Norway took part in the Olympic Games for the first time in 1900. It has sent athletes to almost every Games since then. It did not take part in the 1904 Games. It was part of the American boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

Norway has hosted the Games twice:
1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo
1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer

Norwegian athletes have won a total of 144 medals at the Summer Olympic Games. It has won its highest amount of medals in the Summer Games in sailing and shooting sports.  At the Winter Olympic Games, Norway has won 303 medals. 107 of these medals were gold. This is more than any other nation. cross-country skiing and speed skating are its the top sports.  Norway is one of only three nations (along with Austria and Liechtenstein) to have won more medals at the Winter Games than at the Summer Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Norway was created 1900.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by summer sport

Medals by winter sport

*Total medal counts include three medals – two silver and one bronze – awarded in the figure skating events at the 1920 Summer Olympics.  These medals are included in the summer games medal totals and the winter sport medal totals.  This is why the totals for summer and winter games do not match the totals for summer and winter sports.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

 Norway at Olympic.org

Nations at the Olympics
Olympics
Poland at the Olympics is a history which includes 42 games in 22 countries and 2,000+ athletes.  Since 1918, Poland has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Poland is POL.

History
The Polish National Olympic Committee was formed in 1918.  It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1919.

Poland's team first competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.

Poland has sent athletes to every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the 1984 Games. They were a part of the Soviet led boycott of the 1984 Games. Poland has sent athletes to every Winter Olympic Games.

Medalists

Summer Games

Medals by summer sport

Winter Games

Medals by winter sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 Polski Komitet Olimpijski website 
  Poland profile at London2012.com

Nations at the Olympics
Olympics
Portugal at the Olympics is a history which includes 30 games in 20 countries and 600+ athletes.  Since 1912, the Portugal has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Portugal is POR.

History
The Portugal National Olympic Committee was formed in 1909.  It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1909.

Portugal's team first competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.

Portugal has been a part of every Summer Games since 1912.  Portugal's first Winter Games was in 1952 in Oslo, Norway. It was 36 years later when they sent another team to the 1988 Winter Olympics of Calgary, Canada. Since then, Portugal has only missed two Winter Games (1992 and 2002).

Medal tables

Medals per Olympic Games

Medals by sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 Comité Olímpico de Portugal website  
  Portugal profile at London2012.com

Sport in Portugal
Nations at the Olympics
This is a list of airports in Azerbaijan, grouped by type and sorted by location.

Azerbaijan, formally the Republic of Azerbaijan (), is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. It is bordered by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhichevan is bordered by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, and with Turkey to the northwest. The country's capital city is Baku. The majority-Armenian populated Nagorno-Karabakh region in the southwest of Azerbaijan declared itself independent from Azerbaijan in 1991, but it is not diplomatically recognized by any country and is de jure (in international law) part of Azerbaijan. Air transportation in Azerbaijan is organized and controlled by the Ministry of Transpotation of the Republic of Azerbaijan.



Airports 

Names shown in bold means the airport has scheduled passenger service on commercial airlines.

Other websites 
 Heydar Aliyev International Airport Renovation Project 
 Baku International Airport Unofficial Website

References 
 Survey of Russian Airfields, Edition 5 - 26 Nov 2005
 
  - includes IATA codes
 World Aero Data: Azerbaijan  - ICAO codes and coordinates
 Great Circle Mapper: Azerbaijan - IATA codes, ICAO codes and coordinates

Buildings and structures in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Lists of airports
Transport in Azerbaijan
Bariatrics is the part of medicine that deals with obesity. Bariatrics includes using dieting, exercise, changing people's habits, drugs, and surgery to help people lose weight.

More and more people are becoming overweight or obese. People with a high body mass index (BMI) are much more likely to have certain health problems. These include heart disease, diabetes, many types of cancer, asthma, sleep apnea, and problems with muscles and bones. Obese people are also more likely to die.

Diet, exercise, changing people's habits, and drugs are tried first to help people lose weight. People who have weight loss surgery usually lose more weight than those who try the other ways. The surgery also helps reduce diseases like high blood pressure and diabetes. With each patient, doctors might use some or all of the methods, depending on what they think would work best for that patient.

References

Other websites 
VIDEO: How Bariatrics Has Changed Our Understanding of Type II Diabetes Dr. Daniel McKenna speaks at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 2008.
MedLinePlus Portal on Weight Loss Surgery

Medical specialties
Obesity

he:ניתוח בריאטרי
Ismaiili Shia (or Ismailiya; ) are a Shia Muslim sect.  They are different from the usual Shia Islam because they do not agree on who the 7th Imam, or religious leader is.  Unlike other Shia Muslims, they believe that Ismail ibn Jafar was the 7th Imam. Most Shia Muslims believe that Musa ibn Jafar was the 7th Imam. Ismail died when his father, Jafar ibn Muhammad the 6th Imam was still alive. They believed that Ismail's son Muhammad was the next Imam and deserted the sixth Imam. 

They are split into several sects. The biggest of these are the Nizaris.  They are led by the 49th Imam Aga Khan, another title of the Ismaili Imams. The current Aga Khan is Karim Al Hussaini.

Muslims
The Zaidiyyah () are a Shia Muslim sect. They are different from the usual Shia Islam. This is because of the argument over the who the 5th Imam, or religious leader, is. They believe the 5th Imam was Zaid ibn Ali while usual Shia Muslims believe that his brother, Muhammad, was the 5th Imam.

Today, they make up 40% of the population of Yemen. The president of Yemen is also Zaidi.

Muslims
The Jin dynasty (1115–1234), also known as the Jurchen dynasty, and as the Great Jin. It was one of the last dynasties before Mongol invasion (and eventual conquest) of China.

The dynasty was founded by the Wanyan (完顏 Wányán) clan of the Jurchens.  These were the ancestors of the Manchu, who established the Qing dynasty some 500 years later. The Jin Dynasty was founded in northern Manchuria,  The founder was Wanyan Aguda (完顏阿骨打).

The name of this dynasty is sometimes written as Jinn to differentiate it from an earlier Jin dynasty (265-420) of China whose name is spelt identically in the Roman alphabet.
  
The History of Jin recorded that Tangkuo Dingge (唐括定哥), Consort Gui (貴妃) was a Jurchen woman. She was first married to the Jurchen Jin royal Wanyan Wudai (完顏烏帶. She had an affair with her Han Chinese slave, Yan Qi'er (閻乞兒) and with Wanyan Liang (Prince Hailing). When Wanyan Liang became emperor of the Jin dynasty he forced Dingge to have her husband Wanyan Wudai killed by her other slaves, Ge Wen (葛溫) and Ge Lu (葛魯) and he promised that she would be named empress. Wanyan Liang broke his promise after he got bored of her when she entered the harem. Dingge then smuggled Yan Qi'er into the palace through a trunk after first smuggling a trunk full of her clothes as a dummy and then reprimanded him for looking at her clothes so he wouldn't look when Yan Qi'er was smuggled in next. Dingge and Yan Qi'er had sex until a Jurchen maid, Guige (貴哥) told on them to the emperor and Dingge was strangled and Yan Qi'er was beheaded.

References

Former empires
Chinese dynasties
The Jurchens were a Tungusic people who lived in Manchuria in present-day Northeast China.   They were known as Jurchens until the 17th century when they became known as the Manchu. 

The Jurchens established the Jin Dynasty.  

The Joseon Dynasty of Korea placed great value on a policy of "neighborly relations" (gyorin or kyorin) with the Jurchen people.

References 

History of China
Ethnic groups in China
Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that are discrete rather than continuous.  In contrast to real numbers that vary "smoothly", discrete mathematics studies objects such as integers,  graphs, and statements in logic. These objects do not vary smoothly, but have distinct, separated values. Discrete mathematics therefore excludes topics in "continuous mathematics" such as calculus and analysis.  Discrete objects can often be counted using integers. Mathematicians say that this is the branch of mathematics dealing with countable sets (sets that have the same cardinality as subsets of the natural numbers, including rational numbers but not real numbers). However, there is no exact, universally agreed, definition of the term "discrete mathematics." Many times, discrete mathematics is described less by what is included than by what is excluded: continuously varying quantities and related notions.

The set of objects studied in discrete mathematics can be finite or infinite. The term finite mathematics is sometimes applied to parts of the field of discrete mathematics that deals with finite sets, particularly those areas relevant to business.

Research in discrete mathematics increased in the latter half of the twentieth century partly due to the development of digital computers which operate in discrete steps and store data in discrete bits. Concepts and notations from discrete mathematics are useful in studying and describing objects and problems in branches of computer science, such as computer algorithms, programming languages, cryptography, automated theorem proving, and software development. In turn, computer implementations are significant in applying ideas from discrete mathematics to real-world problems, such as in operations research.

Although the main objects of study in discrete mathematics are discrete objects, analytic methods from continuous mathematics are often employed as well.

References

Further reading

 Norman L. Biggs, Discrete Mathematics 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. , and companion web site including questions together with solutions.
 Ronald Graham, Donald E. Knuth, Oren Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics
 Donald E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming .
 Kenneth H. Rosen, Handbook of Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics CRC Press.  .
 Richard Johnsonbaugh, Discrete Mathematics 6th ed. Macmillan. , and companion web site.
 John Dwyer & Suzy Jagger, Discrete Mathematics for Business & Computing, 1st ed. 2010 .
 Kenneth H. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications 6th ed. McGraw Hill. , and companion web site.
 Ralph P. Grimaldi, Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics: An Applied Introduction 5th ed. Addison Wesley. 
 Susanna S. Epp, Discrete Mathematics with Applications Brooks Cole. 
 Jiří Matoušek & Jaroslav Nešetřil, Invitation to Discrete Mathematics, OUP, .
 Mathematics Archives, Discrete Mathematics links to syllabi, tutorials, programs, etc.
 Andrew Simpson, Discrete Mathematics by Example McGraw Hill. 
 Kenneth A. Ross &  Charles R. B. Wright, Discrete Mathematics. 

Fields of mathematics
Louise Ellery (b. 1977) is an athlete from Australia who has a disability.  She competes in a wheelchair. She competes in the shot put. At the 2010 Commonwealth Games, she won a gold medal in F32–34/52/53 Shot put. She went to the 2004 Summer Paralympics and the 2008 Summer Paralympics. She did not win a medal. She is getting ready for the 2012 Summer Paralympics.

References 

1977 births
Living people
Australian athletes
2004 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
was the 57th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  His reign started in 876 and ended in 884.

Traditional narrative
Before he became the monarch, his personal name (imina) was .

Yōzei was the oldest son of Emperor Seiwa.  His mother was the Fujiwara no Takakiko.  She was the sister of Fujiwara no Mototsune.

Events of Yōzei's life
Yōzei was made emperor when he was a young boy.
 869 (Jōgan 10): Prince Sadaakira was born.
 869 (Jōgan 11): Sadaakira is named Crown Prince and Seiwa's heir apparent.
 18 December 876 : In the 18th year of Emperor Seiwa's reign, he abdicated.  Prince Sadaakira received the succession (senso).
 877 (Gangyō 1): The beginning of a new nengō was proclaimed the beginning of Yōzei's reign.
 20 January 877 (Gangyō 1, 3rd day of the 1st month): Yōzei was formally established as emperor (sokui).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.
 883 (Gangyō 7): Yōzei showed signs of mental illness and violent incidents which could not be ignored.  For example, he killed people randomly in the court.
 4 March 884 (Gangyō 8, 4th day of the 2nd month): Fujiwara no Mototsune removed Yōzei from the palace; and Yōzei was deposed as emperor.

Yōzei was succeeded by his father's uncle, who became known as Emperor Koko. During the reign of Kōkō's son, Emperor Uda, the former emperor became dangerous again.
 889 (Kanpyō 1, 10th month):  Former- Emperor Yōzei again began killing people randomly.  Sometimes he disappeared into the mountains where he chased wild boars and Sika Deer,

Yōzei lived in retirement until the age of 81.

After his death
The actual site of Yōzei's grave is known.  This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Kyoto.

The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Yōzei's mausoleum.  It is formally named Kaguragaoka no Higashi no misasagi.

Eras of Yōzei's reign
The years of Yōzei's reign are more identified by more than one Japanese era.
 Jōgan    (859–877)
 Gangyō  (877–885)

Legacy
In ancient Japan, there were four noble clans, the Gempeitōkitsu (源平藤橘).  One of these clans, the Minamoto clan (源氏) are also known as Genji, and of these, the Yōzei Genji (陽成源氏) are descended from the 57th emperor Yōzei.

Yōzei fathered nine sons who were born after his abdication.

Related pages 
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree
 Emperor Go-Yōzei

References

Other websites 

Emperors of Japan
869 births
949 deaths
Royal Rumble (2012) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event that took place on January 29, 2012 at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis, Missouri. It was the 25th yearly Royal Rumble event.

Background

As is the case every year since the event's beginning, the event's main event was the 30-man over-the-top-rope battle royal, also known as the Royal Rumble match. The match will start with two wrestlers and a new one will be added every 90 seconds. To eliminate an opposing wrestler you must throw him over the top rope and have both his two feet hit the floor, this will continue til there is only one man left, who is named the winner. The winner will receive either a WWE Championship match or a World Heavyweight Championship match at WrestleMania XXVIII.

Matches

Royal Rumble entrances and eliminations

References

Related pages
Royal Rumble

Other websites 
Official Royal Rumble website

2012 in professional wrestling
Sports in St. Louis, Missouri
2012
2012 in the United States
2010s in St. Louis, Missouri
Angie Ballard is an athlete with a disability from Australia.  She competes in a wheelchair.

Ballard was born on 6 June 1982. in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. She has two cats, Monkee and Jaguar, and a dog named Angel.

Ballard started racing in 1994. In August 1998, Ballard raced at the International Paralympic Committee World Championships in Birmingham, England, where she was won a gold medal in the women's 4 × 100 m and 4 × 400 m relay race.  She raced at the  2000 Summer Paralympics but she did not win a medal. She competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics competing in the T54 200m, T53 400m and T53 800m. She did not win any medals in those races.  She won a bronze in the T53 100m race.  She competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and did not win a medal in the T53 100m, 200m, 400m and 800m race.  She won a medal silver medal in the T53/54 4 × 100 m relay race.

References

Other websites 

 Angie Ballard: Australian Paralympic Committee

Australian athletes
Australian Paralympic bronze medalists
Australian Paralympic silver medalists
1982 births
Living people
People from Canberra
2000 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
Joanne Meryl Bradshaw, OAM (born 8 November 1961) is a disabled athlete from Australia. She competes in a wheelchair. She was born in the Victorian town of Yallourn.  At the 1998 IPC Athletics World Championships in Birmingham, she won a silver medal in the women's discus and a bronze medal in the women's javelin. She won a gold medal at the 2000 Sydney Games in the women's shot put F37 and set a new Paralympic Games record. She competed but did not win any medals at the 2004 Athens Games.

References 

Living people
Australian athletes
Australian Paralympic gold medalists
1961 births
Sportspeople from Victoria (Australia)
2000 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
Darren Collins is a disabled athlete from Australia. He won a two bronze medals at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in the Men's 200 m B1 race and the Men's 400 m B1 race.

References 

Australian athletes
Australian Paralympic bronze medalists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
1992 Summer Paralympics
A block (known as UIB when referenced to being blocked from editing Wikipedia) is action taken to stop certain people having access to information. If a website activates a block based on the internet protocol address (IP address) of a user, that block can effect other users that share the address. Some blocked users try to get around the block by making a different account or using a proxy server.

Internet
FC Liefering is a football club from Liefering, a quarter of the Austrian city Salzburg. The club is playing in the Admiral Zweite Liga, the second level of Austrian football.

Before 2012, the club was called Red Bull Juniors.

History
The former Red Bull Juniors are now playing together with USK Anif in the Regionalliga West, the highest amateur class in Austria. The licence of USK Anif was transferred to Liefering. In their first year Liefering played in the Regionalliga West and won the league. Their first year in the 2nd league was also successful, they finished 3rd. Since the promotion to 2nd league they finished almost each season in the upper half of the table.

League

as Red Bull Juniors

The second teams of teams of the Bundesliga were relegated

as FC Liefering

Current squad

Coaching staff
 René Aufhauser Headcoach
 Patrick Mölzl Assistant coach
 Tobias Kern Assistant coach
 Heinz Arzberger Goalkeeper coach

Out on loan

Former coaches

Former players

 Xaver Schlager
 Valentino Lazaro
 Stefan Lainer
 Hannes Wolf
 Konrad Laimer
 Alexander Schmidt
 Romano Schmid
 Diadie Samassékou
 Amadou Haidara
 Dayot Upamecano
 Mahamadou Dembele
 Carlos Miguel Coronel
 Andre Ramalho Silva
  Smail Prevljak
  Patson Daka
 Enock Mwepu
 Duje Caleta-Car
 Masaya Okugawa
 Gideon Mensah
  Mergim Berisha
  Karim Adeyemi
 Hee-chan Hwang
 Dominik Szoboszlai
 Benjamin Sesko

Honours
 1x Champion Regionalliga West: 2012
 3x Runner-up 2nd League: 2015, 2017, 2021

Other websites
Profile  on RedBulls.com

References

Austrian football clubs
Football clubs of Salzburg
The Grand Ole Opry is a country music organization. It performs a concert every week and gives awards. The legendary Loretta lynn has been performing there for over 50 years. Also the famous Carrie Underwood has been playing there since 2006 and still plays there today. The type of music that they play is country music

Country music
Nashville, Tennessee
Russia has been at the modern Olympic Games many times.  They have been called different nations.  As the Russian Empire, they were first at the 1900 Games.  They returned again in 1908 and 1912.  After the Russian revolution in 1917, and the establishment of the Soviet Union in 1922, they were not at the Olympics again until the 1952 Summer Olympics.  After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia competed as part of the Unified Team in 1992.  They returned once again as Russia at the 1994 Winter Olympics.

The Soviet Union hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.  Russia will host the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

Since 2012, Russian athletes have won a total of 404 medals (399 since 1994) at the Summer Olympic Games.  They have another 91 at the Winter Olympic Games.  Over the most recent ten Games (since 1994), Russia's 495 total medals, including 170 gold medals, are second only to the United States (with 631 and 237, respectively).

The Russian Olympic Committee was formed in 1991 and recognized in 1993.

Medal tables 
*Red border color indicates tournament was held on home soil.

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by summer sport

Medals by winter sport 

Notes
 1: partially banned due to the state-sponsored doping program.
 2: banned due to the state-sponsored doping program.

Flag Bearers

 1994 Winter Olympics - Sergey Chepikov
 1996 Summer Olympics - Alexander Karelin
 1998 Winter Olympics - Alexey Prokurorov
 2000 Summer Olympics - Andrey Lavrov
 2002 Winter Olympics - Alexey Prokurorov
 2004 Summer Olympics - Alexander Popov
 2006 Winter Olympics - Dmitry Dorofeev
 2008 Summer Olympics - Andrei Kirilenko
 2010 Winter Olympics - Aleksey Morozov
 2012 Summer Olympics - Maria Sharapova

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes
 Soviet Union at the Olympics

References

Other websites

 
 Russian Federation profile at London2012.com

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
"Storytime" is a song by Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish. The song was written by keyboardist Tuomas Holopainen, who also created the band. It became the lead single from the band's seventh studio album Imaginaerum (2011). "Storytime" features vocals by the vocalist of Nightwish, Anette Olzon. The single was released on November 9, 2011 from Nuclear Blast with mostly positive reviews from music journalist. 

The song is about human expressions through folklore tales such as Peter Pan and Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. It also talks about Gaia, a mythical Greek Earth goddess, in the song. A music video was released to promote "Storytime" in November 2011, it features the entire band playing their instruments in a "fantasy" world. After the single's release on radios, it peaked at number-one on the Finnish Singles Chart and peaked within the top 5 in Spain, Hungary, and the United Kingdom.

One day there was a really ugly thing called Lennie yeah and like he liked doin it doggy style yeah and like yeah

2011 songs
Imaginaerum is the seventh album by the Finnish symphonic metal group Nightwish. It is their second album with Swedish vocalist Anette Olzon. A movie of the same name was released in 2012. The movie has songs from the album in it. The album was No.1 in Finland.

Track listing

Personnel 
 Anette Olzon – vocals
 Tuomas Holopainen – keyboards, piano
 Emppu Vuorinen – guitars
 Marco Hietala – bass, vocals (on track 1, 3–6, 9-12)
 Jukka Nevalainen – drums, percussion
 Troy Donockley – uilleann pipes (on track 5 and 13), tin whistle (on track 1, 8 and 10), vocals (on track 10 and 12)
 Dermot Crehan – hardanger fiddle
 Dirk Campbell – sorna
 Guy Barker – solo trumpet
 Paul Clarvis and Stephen Henderson – ethnic percussion
 Pekka Kuusisto – violin
 Kai Hahto – percussion

References 

2011 albums
Romania at the Olympics is a history which began in 1900.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Romania was RUM.  It is now ROU.

History
A team from Romania was first at the Olympic Games in 1900. They had only one participant. The National Olympic Committee for Romania is the Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee. It was formed and recognized in 1914. The nation first sent a team to the Games in 1924. They have been to each of the Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then except for two times. Notably, Romania was the lone Eastern Bloc nation to participate at the 1984 Summer Olympics, which the other nations boycotted. That was also Romania's most successful Olympic Games: they won 20 gold medals and 53 medals total.

Romanian athletes have won a total of 293 medals, with gymnastics as the top medal-producing sport.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites

 
  Romania profile at London2012.com

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Romania
Serbia was first at the Olympic Games in 1912. After 96 years, Serbia returned to the Olympics as an independent team at the 2008 Summer Olympics. From 1920 to the 1992 Winter Olympics Serbian athletes were part of the Yugoslavian team. At the 1992 Summer Olympics they took part as Independent Olympic Participants. This was because the United Nations was threatening to punish Serbia. Because of this, no Serbians were at the 1994 Winter Olympics. The threats stopped in 1995. From the 1996 Summer Olympics to the 2006 Winter Olympics they were part of the Serbia and Montenegro team.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by sport

List of medalists

Flagbearers
 
Summer Olympics

 
Winter Olympics

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

 Serbia profile at London2012.com

Sport in Serbia
Nations at the Olympics
Slovakia was first at the Olympic Games in 1994.  They have been in every Games since then.  Before Czechoslovakia broke up in 1993, Slovak athletes competed for Czechoslovakia at the Olympics.

Slovak athletes have won twenty medals altogether at the Summer Olympic Games. These were mostly for canoeing.  The nation has also won four medals at the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Slovakia was made in 1992 and recognized in 1993.

Medalists

Summer Games

Winter Games

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Slovak Olympic Committee 
 Slovakia profile at London2012.com

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Slovakia
Slovenia was first an independent nation at the Olympic Games in 1992.  They have been in every Games since then.  Prior to the breakup of Yugoslavia, Slovenian athletes were part of Yugoslavia at the Olympics.

The National Olympic Committee for Slovenia was formed in 1991 and recognized in 1993.  Slovenian athletes have won a total of fifteen medals at the Summer Olympic Games and another seven at the Winter Olympic Games.

Medalists

Summer Olympics

Winter Olympics

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by summer sport

Medals by winter sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

 Slovenia profile at London2012.com
 

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Slovenia
Sweden was first at the Olympic Games at the inaugural 1896 Games.  They have been in every Games since then with one exception for the 1904 Summer Olympics. Sweden has earned medals at all Olympic games except for two, the 1896 Games and the 1904 Games.

Sweden hosted the Games on one occasion, the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm. The equestrian events of the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne were held in Stockholm, due to quarantine reasons.

Swedish athletes have a total of 475 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, and another 118 at the Winter Olympic Games.

The International Olympic Committee had Swedish officer and sports instructor Viktor Balck as one of its original members. The Swedish Olympic Committee was formed and recognized in 1913.

Sweden's Olympic Games bids

Swedish Summer Olympic Games bids

Swedish Winter Olympic Games bids

2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018 Winter Games bids were declared non-finished applications by the Swedish Olympic Committee, due lack of political support from the Swedish government. The reason has been that the bidding is financially insecure for the Swedish society as a nation. 2018 Winter Olympic Games bids were promised support by the former government, but when the new government was elected, the bid was withdrawn. Östersund and Åre were the only applicant cities.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by summer sport

Medals by winter sport

*Total medal counts include six medals – three gold, two silver, and one bronze – awarded in the 1908 and 1920 figure skating events.  These medals are included in the summer games medal totals and the winter sport medal totals.  This is why the totals for summer and winter games do not match the totals for summer and winter sports.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 

 
 Sweden profile at London2012.com

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Sweden
RTI Colombia (Radio Televisión Interamericana - in Spanish; Inter-American Radio and Television) is a Colombian television production company. Many of its series are co-produced with Telemundo, their strategic partner from the United States whose owner is NBC.

Sources 
Official website 

Entertainment companies
Turkey sent athletes to the Olympic Games for the first time in 1908. It has sent athletes to of the Summer Olympic Games since then.  Turkey has been a part of most Winter Olympic Games since their first in 1936. Turkish athletes have won a total of 82 medals. They have won 37 golds, 23 silvers and 22 bronzes. Turkey won the most medals in wrestling.

The National Olympic Committee for Turkey was created in 1908. It was accepted by the IOC in 1911. Istanbul wants to host the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
  Turkey profile at London2012.com
 
 

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Turkey
Ukraine sent athletes to the Olympic Games for the first time as an independent nation in 1994. It  has sent athletes to every Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then.

Before 1994, Ukrainian athletes were a part of the Soviet Union at the Olympics from 1952 to 1988. After the Soviet Union ended, Ukraine was part of the Unified Team in 1992.

Ukraine has won a total of 116 medals at the Summer Games and five at the Winter Games. Gymnastics has been the nation's best sport.

The National Olympic Committee of Ukraine was created in 1990. It was accepted by the International Olympic Committee in 1993.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by summer sport

Medals by winter sport

Flag Bearers

| width="40%" align="left" valign="top" |
 1994 Winter Olympics - Viktor Petrenko
 1996 Summer Olympics - Serhiy Bubka
 1998 Winter Olympics - Andriy Deryzemlya
 2000 Summer Olympics - Yevhen Braslavets
 2002 Winter Olympics - Olena Petrova
 2004 Summer Olympics - Denys Silantiev
 2006 Winter Olympics - Natalia Yakushenko
 2008 Summer Olympics - Yana Klochkova
 2010 Winter Olympics - Liliya Ludan
 2012 Summer Olympics - Roman Hontyuk

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 
 
  Ukraine profile at London2012.com

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Ukraine
The former state union of Serbia and Montenegro sent athletes to the Olympic Games seven times between 1992 and 2006. After that,  Montenegro and Serbia became separate countries.

History
Yugoslavia had sent athletes to every Summer Olympic Games from 1920–1988. They sent athletes to all but two Winter Olympic Games between 1924–1988.  Because of the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991 and 1992, their part in the Olympics changed.  Croatia and Slovenia sent their own athletes to the 1992 Winter Olympics. The team from Yugoslavia was made up of athletes from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. This was the last Games for the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was created in April 1992. It included the Republic of Montenegro and the Republic of Serbia. In May of 1992, the United Nations Security Council said that all nations should not let the FR of Yugoslavia take part in any international sports. The International Olympic Committee said that athletes from Serbia and Montenegro (and also Macedonia) could still take part in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.  The athletes had to be Independent Olympic Participants (IOP), wear plan white clothing and use the Olympic Anthem and Olympic flag during the events. They could not be a part of the opening and closing ceremonies of the games.
A team of 52 athletes took part in events. They won three medals in shooting. The athletes could only take part in the game as individuals. No teams were allowed. This meant that the men's water polo team, the women's basketball team, and the men's and women's handball teams could not compete.

No athletes were allowed to take part in any way in the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer.  The country was allowed to send athletes to the next Olympiad.

At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, the team of 68 athletes took part in 13 sports and won four medals.  In Sydney for the 2000 Summer Olympics, the Yugoslavia team had 111 athletes in 14 sports and won three medals.

In 2003, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia became the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. The nation was named Serbia and Montenegro (SCG) for the first time at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.  The team of 87 athletes competed in 14 sports and won two silver medals.

In 2006, the state union ended. Each nation became independent.   The NOC for Serbia and Montenegro became the Olympic Committee of Serbia in June 2006. The Montenegrin Olympic Committee was accepted by the IOC in July 2007.
Montenegro and Serbia participated independently for the first time at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 Serbia profile at London2012.com
 Montenegro profile at London2012.com

Former nations at the Olympics
Sport in Montenegro
Sport in Serbia

he:יוגוסלביה במשחקים האולימפיים#סרביה ומונטנגרו: 2004
Magnetic flux is what generates the field around a magnetic material. It consists of photons, however, unlike the light we receive from the Sun, it is at a much lower frequency. (1) This is why magnetic field lines are not visible to the naked eye.

It is the alignment of electrons in the atomic shells of Ferromagnets and, separately, the “spinning” electrons in Electromagnets, that provides a material with it’s Magnetism. (2)

The number of magnetic field lines passing through a surface (such as a loop of wire). The magnetic flux through a closed surface (such as a ball) is always zero.

The SI unit of magnetic flux is the Weber (Wb) (in derived units: volt-seconds). 

The CGS unit is the Maxwell. 

Magnetic flux is sometimes used by electrical engineers designing systems with electromagnets or designing dynamos.  Physicists designing particle accelerators also calculate magnetic flux.

Related pages
Magnetic field
James Clerk Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic forces are two complementary aspects of electromagnetism.
Maxwell's equations describe the behavior of both the electric and magnetic fields, as well as their interactions with matter.
Gauss's law gives the relation between the electric flux flowing out a closed surface and the electric charge enclosed in the surface.
Magnetic circuit is a method using an analogy with electric circuits to calculate the flux of complex systems of magnetic components.
Magnetic mono pole is a hypothetical particle that may be loosely described as "a magnet with only one pole".
Magnetic flux quantum is the quantum of magnetic flux passing through a superconductor.
Carl Friedrich Gauss developed a collaboration with  Wilhelm Weber which led to new knowledge in the field of magnetism.

References
1 - https://www.rpi.edu/dept/phys/ScIT/InformationStorage/faraday/magnetism_a.html

2 -https://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=414

Other websites
Vicci, , Magnetic-flux conduits
Magnetic Flux through a Loop of Wire by Ernest Lee, Wolfram Demonstrations Project by Wolfram Research.
Conversion Magnetic flux Φ in nWb per meter track width to flux level in dB - Tape Operating Levels and Tape Alignment Levels

Magnetism
, also known as Emperor Tenchi, was the 38th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.   His reign started in 661 and ended in 671.

Traditional narrative
Before he became the monarch, his personal name (imina) was  .

He was the son of Emperor Jomei.

Events of Tenji's life
Prince Naka no Ōe was made heir apparent and Crown Prince in 661.

 661: In the third year of Empress Saimei's reign, she died. Her son received the succession (senso), but he governed as Crown Prince for the next six years.  He did not formally accept the monarch's role and duties and powers.
 668: Emperor Tenji became the monarch (sokui).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.
 668: In the seventh year of Tenji's reign, flammable water (petroleum) from Echigo Province was presented to Emperor Tenji.
 672: Tenji is said to have compiled the first Japanese legal code. This was the Ōmi Code, consisting of 22 volumes.  These  law became effective in the last year of Tenji's reign.

Prince Ōtomo (Ōtomo-shinnō) was the favorite son of Emperor Tenji; and he was also the first to be accorded the title of Daijō-daijin.

Tenji improved the military forces which had been established during the Taika reforms.

After his death
The actual site of Tenji's grave is known.  This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Yamashina-ku, Kyoto.

The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Tenji's mausoleum.  It is formally named Yamashina no misasagi.

Related pages
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree

References

Other websites

626 births
671 deaths
Emperors of Japan
Fess Elisha Parker, Jr. (August 16, 1924 - March 18, 2010), was an American actor.

Career 
His first movie was Harvey (1950) with James Stewart. Over the years, he worked on movies with many well known actors. These include Gary Cooper, Bob Hope, Jeff Chandler and Steve McQueen.

Fess Parker work for Disney on two movies about Davy Crockett In 1964, NBC hired him to do a television series about Daniel Boone.  The series was about the Boone and his fights against the Indians and the redcoats in the American Revolution. The cast of the series included of Patricia Blair as Rebecca Boone, Albert Salmi as Yadkin, Ed Ames as Mingo, Roosevelt Grier as Gabe Cooper and Darby Hinton is Israel Boone. 159 episodes were made between 1964-1970.

Movies

References 
sci-fi swarm and horror horde: interviews with 62 filmmakers by Tom Weaver
 Magazine Texas Monthly Nov 1986

Other websites 

1924 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Fort Worth, Texas
The Soviet Union sent athletes to the Olympic Games for the first time in 1952. They sent teams to the Games 18 simes since then. At seven of its nine times at the Summer Olympic Games, the team ranked first in the total number of medals won. It was ranked second at the other two Games. The team was ranked first in the medal count seven times and second twice in nine times they sent teams to the Winter Olympic Games.

The Olympic Committee of the USSR was created on April 21, 1951. It was accepted by the IOC on May 7, 1951. 

The 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki was first Olympic Games for Soviet athletes. On July 20, 1952, the first Olympic gold medal for the country was won by Nina Romashkova in the women's discus throw. Romashkova set the new Olympic record in the event. The 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo were the first Winter Olympic Games for Soviet athletes. The first Winter Olympic gold medal for the Soviet Union was won by Lyubov Kozyreva in women's cross-country skiing 10 km event. 

The USSR was the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. These Games were boycotted by the United States and many other countries. After this, the USSR led a boycott of the 1984 Games in Los Angeles.

The USSR ended on December 26, 1991. The Olympic Committee of the USSR did not end until March 12, 1992.

In 1992, 12 of the 15 countries that had been part of the Soviet Union took part in the Games as the Unified Team. They used the Olympic Flag in the Barcelona Games. The Unified Team finished first in the medal rankings.  The Unified Team also competed at the Albertville Winter Games earlier in the year. Only seven of the twelve countries took part. They finished second in the medal ranking at those Games.

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by summer sport

Medals by winter sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

Unified Team at the Olympics
Russia at the Olympics

References

Other websites 

 
 
 Russian Federation profile at London2012.com

Former nations at the Olympics
Olympics
To Catch a Predator is a television program designed to catch adults trying to have sex with children below the age of 16.  People were lured to meet with a decoy under the pretense of sexual contact and then confronted. Show host Chris Hansen clarified in an interview with NPR News that these subjects should be labeled as potential sexual predators, and not pedophiles. "Pedophiles have a very specific definition, people who are interested in prepubescent sex," he stated. 

The series premiered in November 2004, and featured 12 investigations in total held across the United States. The investigations were conducted as undercover sting operations with the help of on-line watchdog group Perverted-Justice. Since the third installment, law enforcement and other officials were also involved, leading to the arrests of most individuals caught. No new episodes have aired since December 2007.

NBC affiliates WTMJ in Milwaukee, KSHB in Kansas City and WBRE have also done local versions of To Catch a Predator. Various spin-offs have aired in the same format, including To Catch a Con Man, To Catch an ID Thief, To Catch a Car Thief and To Catch an i-Jacker, which featured iPod thieves. To Catch a Predator is also aired on FX and Crime & Investigation Network in the United Kingdom, the Crime & Investigation Network in Australia and New Zealand and FOX Crime in Portugal.

References

2004 television series debuts
Jahbulon (or Jabulon) is a word, or a confection of three syllables, that was used in the past in some rituals of certain parts of Masonry.  It is also said to be used in Ordo Templi Orientis rituals.

The origin and meaning of this word are not completely known. Different groups think the word means different things. Even Masonic researchers do not all agree to what the word means or where it came from. One Masonic scholar says that the word was first used in an early 18th century Royal Arch ritual. He said it was the name of an explorer looking for King Solomon's Temple. Another Masonic scholar thinks it is a name for God in Hebrew. The most used Masonic explanation is that it is a word that comes from putting together parts of the name of God in different historic languages.

Writers who are not Masons, especially those against Masonry, have said that it is a Masonic name for God. Some say it is the name of a unique "Masonic God". Freemasonry's officials have said many times that "There is no separate Masonic God". They have also said that there is no separate proper name for a deity in any branch of Freemasonry.  This meaning of the word has caused many religious groups to argue about and condemn Freemasonry.  In England, no ritual with the name has been in official Masonic use since February 1989. Stephen Knights, author of The Brotherhood:The Secret World of the Freemasons, says it is a trinity composed of three ancient Middle Eastern Gods, Jah, God of the Jews, Baal, God of the Phoenicians, and On, an Egyptian God.

After persistent strong criticism in the popular press, the Supreme Grand Chapter of England excised the word from its Royal Arch ritual in 1989, and replaced it with a choice between two forms of the tetragrammaton.

References

Freemasonry
Yugoslavia sent athletes to the Olympic Games for the first time in 1920. Before this, several athletes from Croatia, Slovenia and Vojvodina were on the Olympic teams of Austria or Hungary when those countries were part of the Empire of Austria-Hungary. A small team of two athletes been sent from the Serbia to the 1912 Summer Olympics.

Yugoslavia has been the name for Olympic teams from three distinct nations:
 Kingdom of Yugoslavia (officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1929) from 1920–1936
 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1948 to the 1992 Winter Olympics
 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, made up of only Montenegro and Serbia, from 1996–2002

Two of the nations that were at one time part of Yugoslavia, (Croatia and Slovenia), started sending their own teams to the Olympics at the 1992 Winter Olympics. As of the 2008 Summer Olympics, all six former parts of Yugoslavia were sending their own teams to the Games.

Timeline of participation at the Olympic Games

Medal tables

These tables do not include Yugoslavia teams representing the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro).

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 
 Sportnet Bernard Jurišić: Tuđe nećemo - svoje ne damo (medals of Yugoslavia  won by Croatian sportsmen), April 1, 2008, accessed September 30, 2010

Former nations at the Olympics
Olympics
Sex linkage is a term in genetics. It applies to alleles (forms of a gene) on the X chromosome.

In mammals, which have an XX/XY system of sex determination, the X chromosome has many more genes than the Y chromosome. This explains the inheritance of such conditions as colour blindness and haemophilia. They are caused by recessive alleles, and usually do not show the condition in females. This is because those females carrying the mutant are most likely to be heterozygous for the allele. However, if the mutant allele is carried by a male, the condition will develop, because his X chromosome has the mutant allele, but his Y chromosome has no allele at that locus.

Related terms 
Sex-linked characters controlled by genes on sex chromosomes are not the only kind of sex-related characters.

Sex-influenced traits 
Sex-influenced or sex-conditioned traits are phenotypes affected by whether they appear in a male or female body. Even in a homozygous female the condition may not be expressed fully. Example: baldness in humans.

Sex-limited traits 
These are characters only expressed in one sex. They may be caused by genes on either autosomal or sex chromosomes. Examples: female sterility in Drosophila; and polymorphism in insects, especially in relation to mimicry. Closely linked genes on autosomes called "supergenes" are often responsible for the latter.

Notes 

Chromosomes