cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Cepheids are a type of very luminous variable stars. There is a strong direct relationship between a Cepheid's luminosity and its pulsation period. This makes Cepheids important standard candles for the galactic and extragalactic distance scales.

Cepheid variables are divided into several subclasses which exhibit clearly different masses, ages, and evolutionary histories: 
Classical Cepheids
Type II Cepheids
Anomalous Cepheids
Dwarf Cepheids  

The first cepheid known was Delta Cephei in the constellation Cepheus, found by John Goodricke in 1784. Delta Cephei is of great importance because its distance is extremely well known, thanks in part to it being in a star cluster,<ref
name=dezeeuw1999>de Zeeuw P.T. et al 1999. A HIPPARCOS census of the nearby OB associations, AJ</ref> and the precise Hubble Space Telescope/Hipparcos parallaxes.

Classes

Classical Cepheids
Classical Cepheids (also known as Population I Cepheids, Type I Cepheids, or Delta Cephei variables) pulsate with very regular periods of the order of days to months.  Classical Cepheids are population I young variable stars which are 4–20 times more massive than the Sun, and up to 100,000 times more luminous. Cepheids are yellow supergiants of spectral class F6 – K2. When they pulsate, their radii change by ~25%. For the longer-period I Carinae this means millions of kilometers for a pulsation cycle.

Type II Cepheids
Type II Cepheids (also termed Population II Cepheids) are population II variable stars which pulsate with periods between 1 and 50 days. Type II Cepheids are typically metal-poor, old (~10 giga years), low mass objects (~half the mass of the Sun). Type II Cepheids are divided into several subgroups by period.

Type II Cepheids are used to fix the distance to the galactic center of the Milky Way, globular clusters, and galaxies.

Anomalous Cepheids 
A group of pulsating stars on the instability strip have periods of less than 2 days, similar to RR Lyrae variables but with higher luminosities. Anomalous Cepheid variables have masses higher than type II Cepheids, RR Lyrae variables, and our Sun. It is unclear whether they are young stars on a "turned-back" horizontal branch, blue stragglers formed through mass transfer in binary systems, or a mix of both.

Double-mode Cepheids 
A small proportion of Cepheid variables have been observed to pulsate in two modes at the same time, usually the fundamental and first overtone, occasionally the second overtone. A very small number pulsate in three modes, or an unusual combination of modes including higher overtones.

References 

Variable stars
Josef Edwin "Joe" Weider (November 29, 1919 – March 23, 2013) was a Canadian-American bodybuilder, trainer, businessman, and television personality. He was the founder of Mr. Olympia.

Weider was born on November 29, 1919 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada to a Polish-Jewish family. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. His brother was Ben Weider. Weider was married to Betty Brosmer from 1961 until his death in 2013. They had no children. Weider died on March 23, 2013 from heart failure in Los Angeles, California, aged 93.

References

Other websites

Joe Weider: His Fitness Legacy  Article on Weider at Homegymsonline.com
"Joe Weider True Story" by bodybuilding champion Leroy Colbert
Weider biographical sketch at IFBB website 

1919 births
2013 deaths
American television personalities
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Bodybuilders
Deaths from heart failure
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Sportspeople from Montreal
George Mortimer Pullman (March 3, 1831 – October 19, 1897) was an American engineer and businessman. At the time of his death, he bequeathed 1.2 million dollars for a free school of manual training in the town of Pullman.

Pullman invented the Pullman sleeping car. He founded a company town, Pullman. He did all of his business in Chicago. He was supported by President Grover Cleveland during the Pullman Strike in Chicago.

Pullman was born on March 3, 1831 in Brocton, New York. He was raised in Albion, New York. Pullman was married to Hattie Amelia Sanger from 1867 until his death in 1897. They had four children. Pullman died on October 19, 1897 in Chicago, Illinois from a heart attack, aged 66. He was buried at Graceland Cemetery.

References

Other websites

George M. Pullman Educational Foundation
PBS: Chicago 
Pullman House in Colorado 
1910 Steel Pullman Business Car
Chicago Historical Society 

1831 births
1897 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Burials at Graceland Cemetery
Engineers from New York
Chief executives
Businesspeople from Chicago
Businesspeople from New York
The Boeing 80, sometimes called the Boeing Model 80 or just the Model 80, was an American airliner. It was a biplane with three engines. The Boeing 80 was built by the Boeing Airplane Company. It could carry mail and passengers.

Development and design
Boeing Air Transport was started on February 17, 1927 by William Boeing. On July 1, 1927, planes from Boeing Air Transport started flying mail from San Francisco to Chicago. At first, the Boeing Model 40A was used for this.

Boeing decided to make a plane to carry passengers. In 1928 it designed the Model 80. The Boeing 80 could carry 12 people. The pilots sat in a cockpit in front of the passengers.

The first Boeing 80 took off on July 27, 1928. Three more Boeing 80s were made before Boeing started to make the Boeing 80A. The Boeing 80A was longer and it could carry 18 people. It also had better engines. It first took off on July 18, 1929.

History
The Boeing 80 first flew for Boeing Air Transport on September 20, 1928. It soon turned out to be successful. The Boeing 80A started being used in September 1929.

In May 1930, Boeing Air Transport hired eight female flight attendants. They first flew on May 15. The Boeing 80 and 80A were used until the Boeing 247 replaced them in 1934.

Different types of Boeing 80
 Model 80 - first type of Boeing 80 (four of these were made)
 Model 80A - more aerodynamic and had new engines (10 of these were made)

Users

Boeing Air Transport
Monterey Peninsula Airways
Morrison-Knudsen Company
Robert Campbell Reeve
Standard Oil, California
United Airlines

Boeing 80s which still exist
One Boeing 80A was found in a dump at Anchorage Airport in 1960. It was fixed up and it is now in the Museum of Flight in Seattle.

Details (Model 80A)

References
Notes

Bibliography

 Bowers, Peter M. Boeing Aircraft since 1916. London: Putnam, 1989. .
 Davies, Ed. "Boeing's Airline: The Life and Times of Boeing Air Transport, Part One". Air Enthusiast, No. 127, January/February 2007, pp. 64–74. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing.
 Davies, Ed. "Boeing's Airline: The Life and Times of Boeing Air Transport, Part Two". Air Enthusiast, No. 128, March/April 2007. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. pp. 62–73.
 Taylor, H.A. "When Boeing Flew the Mails". Air Enthusiast, Twenty-two, August–November 1983, pp. 64–74. Bromley, UK: Pilot Press.

Other websites
 "Night Flyers At 10,000 Feet Hurdle The Rockies", Popular Science, August 1931, about the Boeing 80
 "How Many Parts Has The Modern Airplane", Popular Mechanics, January 1932, article about making a Boeing 80

080, Boeing
The Boeing Model 200 Monomail was an American mail plane. It was built in the 1930s by Boeing. It flew for the first time on 6 May 1930.

The Boeing Monomail was a monoplane instead of a biplane. The wing was strong and did not need bracing. Its wheels could be retracted. Only one plane was made for the US Army to look at.  The plane eventually began to fly main from San Francisco to Chicago.

Another version was made, the Model 221. It was made longer by 8 inches. This meant it could carry passengers, but less cargo. This version first flew on 18 August 1930. 

There were no good engines for the Boeing Monomail to use. By the time good engines could be used, new planes had been made which were better than the Monomail. One of these was the Boeing 247.

Types of Boeing Monomail
Model 200
mailplane (one was built)
Model 221
mailplane which could carry six passengers (one was built)
Model 221A
Model 200 and 221 changed into airliners

Users

Boeing Air Transport
United Air Lines

Details (Model 221)

References
Boeing History - Boeing Monomail Transport Retrieved June 17, 2006.

Other websites
 Fiddlergreen.net: Monomail
 Colorado Wreck Chasing: Glendo Crash Site

Monomail
Giora Feidman (born March 26, 1936) is an Israeli clarinetist. He plays klezmer music.

Biography 
Giora Feidman was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His Bessarabian Jewish parents immigrated there to escape persecution. Feidman's family are klezmer musicians. His father, grandfather and great-grandfather made music for weddings, Bar Mitzvahs, and holiday celebrations in the shtetls (villages) of Eastern Europe. Feidman married Ora Bat-Chaim in 1975. She was his personal manager.

Music career 

Feidman started his career in Buenos Aires, where he was a member of the Teatro Colón Symphony Orchestra. Two years later he immigrated to Israel. He became the youngest clarinetist ever to play with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. He was a member of the orchestra for over 20 years. In the early 1970s he started a solo career. He has performed with the Berliner Symphoniker, the Kronos Quartet, the Polish Chamber Philarmonic, the Munich Chamber Philarmonic Orchestra, and the Munich Radio Orchestra.

Feidman started the "Clarinet and Klezmer in the Galilee" seminar and master class program, which takes place every year in Safed, Israel.

Discography 
 Jewish Soul Music (1973)
 The Singing Clarinet (1987)
 Clarinetango (1990)
 The Magic of the Klezmer (1990)
 Viva el Klezmer (1991)
 Gerschwin & The Klezmer (1991)
 The Dance of Joy (1992)
 Klassic Klezmer (1993)
 Concert for the Klezmer (1993)
 Der Rattenfanger (1993)
 Feidman in Jerusalem (1994)
 Klezmer Chamber Music (1995)
 The Soul Chai (1995)
 The Incredible Clarinet (1995)
 For You (1996)
 Schelomo/Barakashot (1996)
 Silence and Beyond — Feidman plays Ora Bat Chaim (1997)
 Feidman in Bayreuth — Lilith — Neun Gesänge der dunklen Liebe (1997)
 Soul Meditation, Harmony of Soul (1997)
 Der Golem — Feidman and the Arditti String Quartet (1997)
 Klezmer Celebration (1997)
 Feidman and Israel Camerata (1998)
 Feidman and Katja Beer — Schubert (1998)
 Journey (1999)
 And the Angels Sing (1999)
 Klezmer and More (2000)
 Rhapsody (2000)
 To Giora Feidman — Your Kletzmer Friends (2000)
 TangoKlezmer (2001)
 Dancing in the Field (2002)
 Feidman plays Piazzolla (2002)
 Love — Feidman plays Ora Bat Chaim (2003)
 Feidman Plays Mozart and More (2003)
 Safad — Feidman and The Safed Chamber Orchestra (2004)
 Ewigkeit dringt in die Zeit (2004)
 Wenn du singst, wie kannst du hassen? (2005)
 Feidman and Eisenberg — Live at St. Severin (2005)
 Crossing Borders (2006)
 Klezmundo (2006)
 Klezmer in the Galilee (2007)
 The Spirit of Klezmer (2008)
 Klezmer & Strings (2009)
 Very Klezmer (2012)

Films 
 Jewish Soul Music: The Art of Giora Feidman (1980), directed by Uri Barbash.

Related pages
 Music of Israel

References

Other websites 
 Giora Feidman official site
 Biography at Buffet Crampon's website 
 Interview with Giora Feidman, 2008

1936 births
Living people
Argentine Jews
Argentine musicians
Clarinetists
Jewish Israeli musicians
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Buenos Aires
Norman Nathan Lloyd (November 8, 1914 – May 11, 2021) was an American actor, producer, and director. He is known for his television role as Dr. Daniel Auschlander in St. Elsewhere. His career lasted for more than ninety years. He made a guest appearance on Modern Family in 2010.

Early life
Lloyd was born on November 8, 1914 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He studied to become an actor at the Civic Repertory Theatre in New York City.

Career
Lloyd came to Hollywood to play a Nazi spy in Alfred Hitchcock's Saboteur (1942). Je started a long friendship and professional career with Hitchcock.

Later career
After a few more villainous movie roles, Lloyd also worked behind the camera as an assistant on Lewis Milestone's Arch of Triumph (1948). A friend of John Garfield, Lloyd appeared with him in He Ran All the Way. Garfield's last movie before the Hollywood blacklist ended his movie career.

Personal life
Lloyd was married to Peggy Craven from 1936 until her death in 2011. They had two children. Lloyd died on May 11, 2021 at his home in Los Angeles, California at the age of 106.

References

Other websites

BN bio 
The Man Who Fell Off The Statue of Liberty: An Interview with Norman Lloyd (TCM's Movie Morlocks) 

1914 births
2021 deaths
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American centenarians
Entertainers from Jersey City, New Jersey
Movie directors from New Jersey
Movie producers from New Jersey
George Clifton James (May 29, 1920 – April 15, 2017) was a retired American actor. He is best known for his role as Sheriff J.W. Pepper in the James Bond movies such as Live and Let Die (1973) and in The Man With The Golden Gun (1974).

James was born on May 29, 1920 in Spokane, Washington. He married Laurie Harper in 1951. Harper died in 2015. They had six children.

James died from complications of diabetes at his home in Gladstone, Oregon on April 15, 2017, age 96.

References

Other websites
 
 
 Clifton James at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection 
 Clips from Texas episodes

1921 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Disease-related deaths in Oregon
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Washington
Actors who played in James Bond movies
People from Spokane, Washington
William Joseph Schallert (July 6, 1922 – May 8, 2016) was an American actor. He played the father on The Patty Duke Show. He is also known for his guest-star roles in The Smurfs, Jefferson Drum, Gunsmoke, Star Trek, Get Smart, Lawman, Matlock, The Waltons, Bonanza, and in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.

Schallert was born on July 6, 1922 in Los Angeles, California. He married Rosemarie D. Waggner in 1949. Schallert was the president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1979 through 1981. He died at his home in Pacific Palisades, California from complications from peripheral neuropathy on May 8, 2016, aged 93.

References

Other websites

William Schallert Interview at Elvis2001.net 
Hollywood Everyman: A Conversation with William Schallert  2010 Interview with William Schallert

1922 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from peripheral neuropathy
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
Actors from Los Angeles
The Lincoln Lawyer is a 2011 American crime drama movie. The story is about a Los Angeles lawyer doing business in his luxury car. Matthew McConaughey, Marisa Tomei and Frances Fisher act. The movie was released in March 2011. The reviews were very positive. The box office intake was almost $86 million.

2011 crime movies
2011 drama movies
2010s crime drama movies
2010s legal movies
American crime drama movies
American legal movies
English-language movies
Movies about murderers
Movies set in Los Angeles
Lionsgate movies
James Karen (born James Karnofsky; November 28, 1923 – October 23, 2018) was an American actor. He was known for his roles as Martin Frohm in The Pursuit of Happyness and as Ben Hubbard in Superman Returns. He also starred in Poltergeist and The Return of the Living Dead.

Karen was born on November 28, 1923 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania to a Russian-Jewish family. He studied at Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre. Karen was married to Susan Reed from 1958 until they divorced in 1967. They had one child. He married Alba Francesca in 1986.  

Karen died on October 23, 2018 in Los Angeles at the age of 94. The cause was cardiopulmonary arrest.

References

Other websites
 
 Great Character Actors / James Karen 
Pathmark TV commercial with James Karen (YouTube)

1923 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from cardiopulmonary arrest
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
Jewish American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from Pennsylvania
People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Theodore Meir Bikel (May 2, 1924 – July 21, 2015) was an Austrian-American actor, singer, and musician. He was nominated for an Academy Award as Sheriff Max Muller in The Defiant Ones in 1958.

Early life
Bikel was born in Vienna, Austria on May 2, 1924. He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. He moved to the United States in 1954. He became a U.S. citizen in 1961.

Personal life
Bikel was married to Ofra Ichilov from 1942 until they divorced in 1943. Then he was married to Rita Weinberg Call from 1967 until they divorced in 2008. He was married to Tamara Brooks from 2008 until her death in 2012. He had two children with Call.

Bikel died on July 21, 2015, at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles of natural causes, aged 91.

References

Other websites
 
 
 Theodore Bikel Official website
 Discography at SonyBMG Masterworks 
 Theodore Bikel at the Internet Accuracy Project

1924 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Vienna
American folk musicians
American movie actors
American folk singers
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Austrian movie actors
Austrian singers
Austrian stage actors
Austrian television actors
Austrian voice actors
Folk singers
Musicians from Vienna
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Sir Kazuo Ishiguro OBE (born 8 November 1954) is a British novelist of Japanese origin. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2017. He was born in Nagasaki, Japan; his family moved to England in 1960 when he was five.

His novels include An Artist of the Floating World (1986), When We Were Orphans (2000), and Never Let Me Go (2005). He won the Booker Prize for his 1989 novel The Remains of the Day. The Remains of the Day was later adapted as a movie. The movie came out in 1993. It starred Anthony Hopkins and Emma Thompson. It was nominated for eight Academy Awards. He was knighted in 2018.

Novels 
 A Pale View of Hills (1982)
 An Artist of the Floating World (1986)
 The Remains of the Day (1989)
 The Unconsoled (1995)
 When We Were Orphans (2000)
 Never Let Me Go (2005)
 Nocturnes:Five Stories of Music and Nightfall (2009)
 The Buried Giant (2015)

References 

1954 births
Living people
Booker Prize winners
British Nobel Prize winners
British novelists
Japanese novelists
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Japanese Nobel Prize winners
Knights Bachelor
"Love Story" is a 2008 song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was produced by Nathan Chapman and Swift.The story of the single is about a boy who is in love with a girl, resulting in a Romeo and Juliet type romance. The song received positive reviews from the critics. It sold millions of digital downloads and compact discs. The single was released in Autumn of 2008 in the United States.

2008 songs
Pop songs
A giant star is a star with much larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence star of the same surface temperature.

Giant stars are up to a few hundred times the diameter of the Sun and between 10 and a few thousand times brighter than the Sun. They don't last as long as most main sequence stars. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant.

There are a wide range of giant class stars, and sub-divisions are often used to identify particular types. Astronomers use such terms as: sub-giants, bright giants, red giants, yellow giants and blue giants.

References 

Types of stars
An aggregate fruit is a fruit that develops from a single flower, but the flower has more than one ovary, and the ovaries join together as the fruit grows.

A fruit that grows from just one flower that contains just one ovary, is not an aggregate fruit but a simple fruit.

Not all flowers with multiple ovaries grow into aggregate fruit; the ovaries of some flowers do not become tightly joined together to make a larger fruit.
 
Aggregate fruits may also be accessory fruits. In accessory fruits, parts of the flower that are not the ovary become juicy and form part of the fruit.

Aggregate fruits include:
 Raspberry 
 Blackberry
 Strawberry is an aggregate fruit and is also an accessory fruit. The small dark-coloured dots on a strawberry are the ovaries. The juicy part of the strawberry grows from the base of the flower.

Related pages
Multiple fruit

References

Fruits
is a series of anthropomorphic animal figures. They are made from plastic and fake animal fur. They were started in Japan in 1985 by Epoch, but they are now sold worldwide. Many books, DVDs and TV series have been based on the characters. The characters were originally woodland animals like bears, rabbits and hedgehogs, but now other animals such as penguins, meerkats and elephants have been added into the mix. The word sylvan means "forest" in Latin.

Setting 
Sylvanians were origanally set in Japan in the 1950's most of the families are rural middle-class with many luxuries and local businesses. They have many leisure activities such as horse riding, rowing and hosting garden parties. The simple caravan means that they can enjoy short stays on holiday. This means that they can be away from their house whether it is a small cottage or a multi-storey town house.

Growing  
In 1985 Sylvanian Families were launched in both Japan and North America. They were such a success that in 1987 they moved over the Atlantic to Western Europe and to the UK. By 1988 these small toys were a major success world wide, they went on to win London toy of the year award 3 times in a row this had never been achieved before or after. They were so popular that in the late 80's an animated TV series was made, this was greatly watched and spain and the UK. In the 90's it was aired on American TV.

Stopping and Starting 

By the mid 1990's Sylvanian Families, despite their major success, had gone out of business in the UK. The production company Tomy lost the rights to Sylvanian Families and American Calico Critters. In the late 90's another company, Flair, took over Sylvanian Families and reintroduced them into the UK. It was in 2007 that they celebrated their 20th birthday a special edition dalmation family (that had not been sold since they went out of production) with red party hats saying 'happy birthday'. 2012 was the 25th birthday and they sold a celebration rabbit family in honour a birthday that they never have seen if it hadn't have been for Flair.

The London Shop 
The address for the Sylvanian Families Shop in London is 68 Mountgrove Road. The shop is quite small but stuffed from floor to ceiling with figures, displays and new box sets. People from all around the world to go to the Sylvanian shop to become one of the many people who have been inside the famous shop.

Japanese Musuem and Shop 
In Japan there is a giant life size Sylvanian Families village, including a bakery with real bread based on the bread in watermill bakery. You can meet life size Sylvanian characters and go in life size houses made from the models themselves. 

Toys
Companies of Japan
1985 establishments in Japan
Four Weddings and a Funeral is a 1994 British romantic comedy-drama movie. It was written and co-produced by Richard Curtis. It was directed by Mike Newell. It stars Hugh Grant as Charles and Andie MacDowell as Carrie, an American whom he repeatedly meets at weddings and a funeral as they become attracted to each other.

Other websites 

1994 drama movies
1994 romance movies
1994 comedy-drama movies
1994 LGBT movies
1990s romantic comedy movies
1990s romantic drama movies
British comedy-drama movies
British LGBT movies
British romantic comedy movies
British romantic drama movies
English-language movies
LGBT comedy-drama movies
Movies set in London
Movies set in Scotland
Movies directed by Mike Newell
George Edward Maxwell "Max" Wright (August 2, 1943 – June 26, 2019) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Willie Tanner on the television comedy series ALF.

Wright was born on August 2, 1943 in Detroit, Michigan. He was married to Linda Wright from 1965 until her death in 2017. They had two children, Ben and Daisy. 

In January 2000, Wright was arrested for drunken driving in Los Angeles, California. Wright had another DUI arrest in 2003.

In 1995, he was diagnosed with lymphoma. He was remission until the cancer returned in early 2019. Wright died on June 26, 2019 at his home in Englewood, New Jersey from the disease at the age of 75.

References

Other websites

1943 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from lymphoma
Cancer deaths in New Jersey
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
Richard Whalley Anthony Curtis (born 8 November 1956) is a New Zealand screenwriter and movie producer and director. He was born in Wellington. He lives in England. He gained a Bachelor of Arts degree in English Language and Literature from Christ Church, Oxford.

References

Other websites 

1956 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
New Zealand movie directors
New Zealand movie producers
New Zealand screenwriters
People from Wellington
Television writers
Separation anxiety disorder is a psychological problem. It makes a person have very intense anxiety when they are away from other people or their homes, school or friends to whom the person carries a strong emotional connection. There is too much fear or worry which is not normal of the true mental age and level. This condition may sometimes create physical troubles. Those under 18 are at highest risk for the problem.

Mental illnesses
Deborah Iona Raffin (March 13, 1953 – November 21, 2012) was an American actress, director, screenwriter, and audio book publisher. She was known for her role in Touched by Love (1981).

Early life
Raffin was born on March 13, 1953 in Los Angeles, California to executive Phillip J. Raffin and to actress Trudy Marshall, both from Brooklyn, New York. She was raised in Los Angeles, California. Raffin was Jewish.

Career
In 1985 she starred as Kathryn Davis in Death Wish 3. In 1988, she starred in James Clavell's Noble House with Pierce Brosnan. In 1991, she appeared as Julie Vale in Scanners II: The New Order. She later appeared as Aunt Julie on the television show 7th Heaven, and as Dr. Hightower in the ABC Family teenager series, The Secret Life of the American Teenager.

Awards
She was nominated for both a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama and a Razzie Award for Worst Actress for her performance in Touched by Love in 1981.

Personal life
Raffin was married to Michael Vinner from 1975 until they divorced in 2005. They had a daughter, Taylor Rose Vinner. In 2011, Raffin was diagnosed with leukemia (blood cancer).

Death
A year later, on November 21, 2012 Raffin died at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California from the disease, aged 59. She was survived by her daughter Taylor Rose.

Movies
40 Carats (1973) as Trina Stanley 
The Dove (1974) as Patti Ratteree
Once Is Not Enough (1975) as January Wayne 
God Told Me To (1976) as Casey Forster
The Sentinel (1977) as Jennifer
Touched by Love (1980) as Lena Canada 
Dance of the Dwarfs (1983) as Dr. Evelyn Howard 
Claudia (1985) as Claudia
Lace II (1985) (miniseries) as Judy Hale
Death Wish 3 (1985) as Kathryn Davis
Grizzly II: The Concert (1987) as Samantha Owens
Morning Glory (movie) (1993) as Elly Dinsmore (also co-writer of screenplay)

References

Other websites

1953 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American screenwriters
Publishers
Actors from Los Angeles
Movie directors from California
Writers from Los Angeles
William Horatio Powell (July 29, 1892 – March 5, 1984) was an American actor. He was known for his role in Thin Man (1934). He was nominated an Academy Award for Best Actor three times for his roles in The Thin Man (1934), My Man Godfrey (1936), and Life with Father (1947).

Early life 
Powell was born on July 29, 1892 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was raised in Kansas City, Missouri. Powell studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.

Personal life 
He was married to Eileen Wilson from 1915 until they divorced in 1930. Then he was married to Carole Lombard from 1931 until they divorced in 1933. Then he was married to Diana Lewis from 1940 until his death in 1984. He had a son with Wilson, William David (who committed suicide in 1968).  

Powell died on March 5, 1984 in his home in Palm Springs, California from heart failure, aged 91. He was buried at Desert Memorial Park in Cathedral City, California.

References

Other websites

 William Powell
 
 
 
 Photographs of William Powell
 FBI file on William Powell

1892 births
1984 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American silent movie actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Actors from Kansas City, Missouri
Mitchell Hooks (1923 – March 17, 2013) was an American artist and illustrator renowned for his artwork for paperback books and magazines. He was known for illustrating movie posters for Dr. No, The Sand Pebbles, and for El Dorado. 

Hooks was born in 1923 in Detroit, Michigan. He died on March 17, 2013 his home Los Angeles, California from natural causes, aged 89.

References

Other websites
 MItchell Hooks paperback covers
. Reprinted with permission. Part 2, Part 3, Part 4

1923 births
2013 deaths
American painters
Deaths from natural causes
People from Detroit, Michigan
American illustrators
Virgil Oliver "Fire" Trucks (April 26, 1917 – March 23, 2013) was an American baseball player who was a starting pitcher in Major League Baseball.

From 1941 through 1958, Trucks played for the Detroit Tigers (1941–1943, 1945–1952, 1956), St. Louis Browns (1953), Chicago White Sox (1953–1955), Kansas City Athletics (1958) and New York Yankees (1958). He batted and threw right-handed. 

Trucks was born on April 26, 1917 in Birmingham, Alabama. He was married to Elizabeth Ann Newman until his death in 2013. Trucks died in his home in Calera, Alabama from natural causes, aged 95.

References

Other websites
Baseball Library 
Baseball Reference

1917 births
2013 deaths
American baseball players
Sportspeople from Birmingham, Alabama
Chicago White Sox players
Deaths from natural causes
Detroit Tigers players
New York Yankees players
Kansas City Athletics players
St. Louis Browns
Rajpath (, meaning "King's Way") is the national boulevard of India. It is in New Delhi, the capital of India. The boulevard starts at the home of the President of India and ends at the National Stadium.

References

Other websites 

Image of Rashtrapati Bhavan and the Secretariat buildings lit up for the Beating the Retreat at Vijay Chowk

Roads in India
New Delhi
National squares
The City of David (, Ir David), called in , Wadi Hilweh, is an archaeological site in Jerusalem. It is next to the south-eastern corner of the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem. The site is attributed to the palace of king David, and includes a water tunnel that was built by the king Hezekiah.

Near the site live Jewish and Arabs.

Other websites 

 City of David
 From Shiloah to Silwan project
 City of David, Biblical Archaeology Review

Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem
Archaeological sites in Israel
Vladimír Čech (6 July 1951 – 22 March 2013) was an Czech actor, presenter and former politician. He was known for being the voice of Garfield in the Czech versions.

Čech was born on 6 July 1951 in Prague, Czechoslovakia. He studied at the Theatre Faculty of the Academy of Performing Arts. Čech died of Lynch syndrome (a type of colon cancer) and pneumonia on 22 March 2013 in his home in Prague, Czech Republic, aged 61.

References

Other websites
Biography of Vladimír Čech on ČT website 
Biography of Vladimír Čech on worldonline.cz website  

1951 births
2013 deaths
Czechoslovak politicians
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in the Czech Republic
Entertainers from Prague
Czech movie actors
Czech stage actors
Czech television actors
Television presenters
Voice actors
Robert Slerling "Ducky" Detweiler (February 15, 1919 – March 13, 2013) was an American professional baseball infielder and manager. Listed at 5' 11", 178 lb., he batted and threw right handed. He played for the Boston Braves (1942, 1946).

Detweiler was born on February 15, 1919 in Trumbauersville, Pennsylvania. He studied at Quakertown High School. Detweiler was married to Jean Cahall from 1944 until his death in 2013. They had one daughter, Gina. Detweiler died on March 13, 2013 in his home in Easton, Maryland from natural causes, aged 94.

References

Other websites
 Johnson, Lloyd; Wolff, Miles (1993). Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball. Baseball America. 

1919 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American baseball players
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Barnala () is a sub-district of the Bhimber District, Azad Kashmir in Pakistan.

Tehsils of Azad Kashmir
Keio University is one of the oldest universities in Japan. It started in Tokyo in 1858 as a school for Western studies.

Faculty & Graduate Schools
 Medicine
 Pharmacology & Pharmacy
 Science & Technology (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, etc.)
 Law
 Economics

Notable alumni
 Junichiro Koizumi (87th/88th/89th Prime Minister of Japan)
 Ryutaro Hashimoto (82nd/83rd Prime Minister of Japan)
 Akihiko Hoshide (astronaut)
 Yukari Yoshihara (Go player at Nihon Ki-in)

Campus Gallery

Other websites

Keio University website
Keio University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences/TTCK
Shonan Fujisawa Campus
Keio Academy of New York
Keio Organization for Global Initiatives (OGI)

References

Bibliography
 

Colleges and universities in Japan
1858 establishments
19th-century establishments in Japan
1850s establishments in Asia
The Kennedys was an American-Canadian 2011 Emmy Award-winning miniseries.

About
The Kennedy's was about the political career and the personal life of John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, and Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.. The show was about how Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. made John F. Kennedy win his election for President.

As the show continued, they show the difficulties of Kennedy's presidency, Joseph's stroke and rough relationship with Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, and the assassination of both John and Robert Kennedy. The show also featured John's relationship with his wife Jacqueline Kennedy.

Cast
Greg Kinnear as John F. Kennedy
Katie Holmes as Jacqueline Kennedy
Barry Pepper as Robert F. Kennedy
Tom Wilkinson as Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
Diana Hardcastle as Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy
Chris Diamantopoulos as Frank Sinatra
Charlotte Sullivan as Marilyn Monroe
Kristin Booth as Ethel Kennedy
Serge Houde as Sam Giancana
Enrico Colantoni as J. Edgar Hoover
Don Allison as Lyndon B. Johnson
Rothaford Gray as Abraham Bolden
Gabriel Hogan as Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites
 
  at History Television
  at History UK
  at ReelzChannel

2011 in television
Miniseries
Emmy Award winning programs
English-language television programs
Ascot is a large village in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire. It is most famous as the location of Ascot Racecourse, which hosts the Royal Ascot meeting. Ascot Racecourse was founded in 1711 by Queen Anne, with the first race, ‘Her Majesty’s Plate’ running in August of that year. 

The name Ascot is Anglo-Saxon and derives from East-Cote meaning the Eastern Cottage, probably a reference to being east of the royal estate at Easthampstead. Ascot has always been the western portion of Sunninghill parish (now called Sunninghill and Ascot) and, for most of its history, largely consisted of dangerous heathland frequented by highwaymen. 

Ascot has 20% more Higher and Intermediate managerial, administrative or professional households than the national average. Ascot has a higher rate of home ownership, either outright or via a mortgage than the national average, which suggests that Ascot is a relatively affluent area. The population of Ascot as a whole, is older than the national average. The population of Ascot is also older than the average, making Ascot a older persons location.

References 

Villages in Berkshire
Lewis Shepard Stone (November 15, 1879 – September 12, 1953) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Judge James Hardy in fifteen movies of the Andy Hardy movie series. The first movie was You're Only Young Once (1937).

Stone was born on November 15, 1879 in Worcester, Massachusetts. He was married to Florence Oakley until they divorced. They had two children. Then he was married to Margaret Langham from 1907 until her death. Then he was married to Hazel Elizabeth Wolf from 1930 until his death in 1953. 

Stone died in Hancock Park, Los Angeles, California on September 12, 1953. He was chasing away some neighborhood children after they attacked his house. His wife Hazel tried to stop Stone from running. Stone managed to run until he suffered a fatal heart attack. He was 73 years old.

Other websites

Lewis Stone at The New York Times Movies
Lewis Stone at The International Silent Movie
Photographs of Lewis Stone

1879 births
1953 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
Actors from Massachusetts
People from Worcester, Massachusetts
Conrad Davis Totman (born January 5, 1934) is an American historian, academic, writer, translator and Japan studies expert.  Totman is a retired professor at Yale University.

Early life
Totman was born in Conway, Massachusetts.  He studied at the University of Massachusetts.  He was granted a Ph.D. in Asian history at Harvard University in 1964.

Career
Totman taught Japanese history at the University of California at Santa Barbara, at Northwestern University, and at Yale. He retired from Yale in 1997.

Select works
In an overview of writings by and about Totman, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 30+ works in 140+ publications in 4 languages and 7,800+ library holdings.

 Politics in the Tokugawa bakufu, 1600-1843, 1967
 The collapse of the Tokugawa bakufu, 1862-1868, 1980 
 Japan before Perry: a short history, 1981 
 Tokugawa Ieyasu, shogun: a biography, 1983 
 The origins of Japan's modern forests: the case of Akita, 1985 
 The green archipelago: forestry in preindustrial Japan, 1989 
 Tokugawa Japan: the social and economic antecedents of modern Japan, 1990
 Early Modern Japan, 1993 
 The lumber industry in early modern Japan, 1995 
 A History of Japan, 2000 
 Pre-industrial Korea and Japan in environmental perspective, 2004 
 Japan's imperial forest, Goryorin, 1889-1945: with a supporting study of the Kan/Min division of woodland in early Meiji Japan, 1871-76, 2007

References

Other websites 
  Yale faculty website

Japanologists
Living people
1934 births
American historians
Gregory James Smits (born 1960) is an American historian, academic, writer and Japan studies expert.  He is a professor of Japanese history at Pennsylvania State University.

Early life
Smits was born 1960 in Columbia, Missouri.  He was earned an undergraduate degree at the University of Florida in 1983.  He was awarded a Masters Degree at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.  He was granted a Ph.D. at the University of Southern California.

Select works
In an overview of writings by and about Smits, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 8 works in 15+ publications in 2 languages and 1,100+ library holdings.

 The sages' scale in Japan: Nakae Tōju (1608-1648) and situational weighing, 1991
 Visions of Ryukyu identity and ideology in early-modern thought and politics, 1999
 Jahana Noboru: Ikinawan activist and scholar, 2002 
 The politics of culture in early twentieth century Okinawa, 2006
 Economic thought in early modern Japan, 2010

References

Other websites 
  Smits faculty website 

Japanologists
Living people
1960 births
American historians
John Charles Patrick Croghan Daly (February 20, 1914 – February 24, 1991) was an American journalist, personality, actor, and game show host. He was known for hosting What's My Line. He was also the Vice President of ABC during the 1950s. He was the son-in-law of Chief of Justice Earl Warren.

Early life
Daly was born on February 20, 1914 in Johannesburg, South Africa to an American family.  His parents were on a trip in Johannesburg when he was born. After his father died, Daly and his mother moved to Boston, Massachusetts. Daly studied at the Tilton School and at Boston College.

Personal life
He was married to Margaret Griswell Neal from 1937 until they divorced in 1959 or 1960. They had three children. Then he was married to Virginia Warren from 1960 until his death in 1991. Virginia was the daughter of Chief Justice Earl Warren.

Death
Daly died on February 24, 1991 in his home in Chevy Chase, Maryland from cardiac arrest, four days after his 77th birthday.

Awards
Daly won an Emmy Award in 1955, an Golden Globe Award in 1962, and three Peabody Award in 1954, 1956, and in 1957.

References

Other websites

Biography on TV.com 
Robert Trout discusses the CBS newscast of December 7, 1941
John Charles Daly at Find a Grave

1914 births
1991 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American voice actors
American journalists
American television personalities
American radio personalities
American television presenters
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
Writers from Boston, Massachusetts
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Peabody Award winners
People from Johannesburg
Elaine Stritch (February 2, 1925 – July 17, 2014) was an American actress and vocalist. She was known for her role as Colleen Donaghy in 30 Rock. Stritch was nominated for five Tony Awards. She won three Emmy Awards and two Drama Desk Awards.

Stritch was born on February 2, 1925 in Detroit, Michigan to an Irish-Welsh family. She studied at The New School in New York City. Stritch was married to John Bay from 1973 until his death in 1982. She lived in Birmingham, Michigan.

Stritch died at her home in Birmingham, Michigan from complications of stomach cancer and diabetes on July 17, 2014 at the age of 89.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Just A Minute Transcript

1925 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Deaths from diabetes
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Drama Desk Award winners
Emmy Award winning actors
Singers from Detroit, Michigan
Joel Scott Osteen (born March 5, 1963) is an American author, televangelist, and the senior pastor of Lakewood Church in Houston, Texas. 

His ministry reaches over seven million broadcast media viewers weekly in over 100 nations around the world. His first book, “Your Best Life Now” has sold 5 million copies. Lakewood Church now occupies the former Compaq Center, once home to the NBA’s Houston Rockets. The venue seats 16,000 people.  

Osteen was born on March 5, 1963 in Houston, Texas. He has been married to Victoria Osteen since 1987. They have two children. He lives in Houston, Texas.

In August 2017, Osteen received significant backlash on social media after he did not initially open Lakewood Church as an emergency shelter following Hurricane Harvey. A post on the church's Facebook page and an Instagram post by associate pastor John Gray, which was later deleted, claimed that flooded highways had made the church inaccessible.

References

Other websites
Official Joel Osteen Ministries

1963 births
Living people
American Pentecostals
Christian religious leaders
Christian writers
Television evangelists
Television personalities from Texas
Writers from Houston, Texas
Richard John Kind (born November 22, 1956) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in Mad About You (as Dr. Mark Devanow) and in Spin City (as Paul Thomas Lassiter).

Kind was born on November 22, 1956 in Trenton, New Jersey to a Jewish family. He grew up in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Kind studied at Pennsbury High School and at Northwestern University. He married Dana Stanley in 1999. They have three children. Kind now lives in Santa Monica, California and in Chicago, Illinois.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

References

Other websites

Fairfield Arts & Convention Center 

1955 births
Living people
Jewish American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York
Actors from Pennsylvania
People from Rochester, New York
Actors from Santa Monica, California
Clive Selsby Revill (born 18 April 1930) is a New Zealand-born British actor who is best known for his roles in Avanti!, A Fine Madness, The Assassination Bureau, and in The Pickwick Papers. He also voiced Alfred Pennyworth in Batman: The Animated Series and Emperor Palpatine in Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back. He was nominated for an Golden Globe Award for his role in Avanti!.

Revill was born in Wellington, New Zealand to British parents. He was raised in London, England. He was married to Valerie Nelson from 1970 until they divorced in 1977. Then he was married to Suzi Schor from 1978 until they divorced in 1988. They had one daughter, Kate Selsby. Revill now lives in Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 Clive Revill at Film Reference

1930 births
Living people
British movie actors
British television actors
British stage actors
British voice actors
New Zealand movie actors
New Zealand television actors
New Zealand stage actors
New Zealand voice actors
Actors from London
Actors from Wellington
Ronald P. Toby (1942 —   )  is an American historian, academic, writer and Japan studies expert.

Early life
Toby earned a doctorate in Japanese history from Columbia University in 1977.

Career
Toby has been a history professor at the University of California at Berkeley, Keio University and the University of Tokyo.

Select works
In an overview of writings by and about Toby, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 18 works in 30+ publications in 3 languages and 790+ library holdings.

 Korean-Japanese Diplomacy in 1711: Sukchong's Court and the Shogun's Title, 1974
 The Early Tokugawa Bakufu and Seventeenth Century Japanese Relations with East Asia, 1977
 State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu, 1983
 Emergence of Economic Society in Japan, 1600-1870, 2004, with Hayami Akira and Osamu Saitō

Notes

Japanologists
Living people
1942 births
American historians
Kindergarten Cop is a 1990 American criminal comedy movie. It is about 2 undercover cops from Los Angeles pretending to be teachers at an elementary school in Astoria, Oregon to find the ex-wife of a drug dealer, who wants to kidnap their son. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Penelope Ann Miller, Pamela Reed, Richard Tyson, Carroll Baker, Linda Hunt and Matthew Lillard are in the cast. The movie was released in December 1990. It received mixed reviews by critics.  However, the movie earned over $200 million at the box office, making the movie very successful.

Release dates

References

1990 comedy movies
1990 crime movies
1990s criminal comedy movies
American criminal comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Ivan Reitman
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in Oregon
Police comedy movies
Universal Pictures movies