cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Chiwetelu Umeadi "Chiwetel" Ejiofor OBE (born 10 July 1977) is a British actor. He portrayed Solomon Northup in the 2013 movie 12 Years a Slave. He was nominated for the award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture, Drama at the 2014 Golden Globe Awards for his acting in the movie. His first movie role was in the 1996 movie Voyage. In 2008, Ejiofor was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire. Ejiofor portrayed the band leader Louis Lester in the television series Dancing on the Edge. It had six episodes.

In 2019, he starred as Scar in the 2019 live-action remake The Lion King.

Early life
Ejiofor was born on 10 July 1977 in Forest Gate, London, to Nigerian parents. He started acting in school plays when he was 13.

Career
In 1996 Ejiofor acted in his first film, Deadly Voyage. In 2002, he portrayed the main character in a movie for the first time in Dirty Pretty Things. He won the 2003 British Independent Film Award for best actor for the film. In 2005 Ejiofor played Lola in Kinky Boots.

References

1977 births
Living people
Actors from London
Black British actors
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
The peppered corydoras (Corydoras paleatus) is a species of freshwater catfish in the genus Corydoras.

In the aquarium 
Peppered corydoras live at the bottom of the fish tank. They are peaceful community fish. They like to live in a temperature of around 25–28°C. They should be kept in groups of other corydoras. They grow to about 7 centimetres.

Diet 
Peppered corydoras are scavengers. They eat the fish food after it sinks to the bottom of the tank.

Other websites 
http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/fish/pepperedcory.php
http://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/corydoras-paleatus/

Teleosts

Aquarium fish
Freshwater fish
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a freshwater fish native to India. It is often sold under the name zebra danio.

In the aquarium
The zebrafish is a peaceful fish and can be kept in a community tank. They can be kept in a temperature of 19–27°C. They grow to about 5 cm.

Diet
Zebrafish happily eat flake foods and bloodworm.

References

Teleosts
Freshwater fish
Aquarium fish
Sheryl Kara Sandberg (born August 28, 1969) is an American businesswoman. She is the chief operating officer of Facebook.

Early life and education
Sandberg was born in 1969, in Washington, D.C., in a Jewish family. In 1987 started a Bachelor's degree in economics at Harvard College. She graduated in 1991 with the highest honor, summa cum laude. In 1993 she started at Harvard Business School. In 1995 she earned her M.B.A. with highest distinction. After this Sandberg worked as a management consultant for McKinsey & Company for a year.

Career 
From 1996 to 2001 she was Chief of Staff to the then United States Secretary of the Treasury Larry Summers.

In 2001 Sandberg became the vice president of Global Online Sales & Operations for Google Inc.. In 2007 Sandberg met Mark Zuckerberg, the maker of Facebook, at a Christmas party.

Zuckerberg thought that Sandberg would be good at being Facebook's COO. In March 2008 Facebook hired Sandberg.

December 2010, she gave a TED speech titled "Why we have too few women leaders." In 2012 she became the eighth member (and the first female member) of Facebook's board of directors. Sheryl Sandberg's first book Lean In was published on March 11, 2013.

Personal life
Sandberg married to Dave Goldberg, the CEO of SurveyMonkey, from 2003 until his death in 2015. She is a feminist.

References

Other websites
Lean In

Related pages

 Marissa Mayer
 Susan Wojcicki
 Zhang Xin

1969 births
Living people
Businesspeople from California
American feminists
American Jews
Jewish feminists
Egocentrism is a state of mind of putting oneself in the center of interest, of being interested more about oneself than about other people. While this is normal in young children, it becomes more and more of a problem, in older children, adolescents and adults. To egocentric people, self-relevant information is seen as more important in shaping one’s judgments than are thoughts about others and other-relevant information. The term egocentrism was mostly coined by Piaget, a psychologist. Egocentrism is different from both egoism and narcissism. Young children are egocentric: they see themselves as the "center" of the world. Developing self-conscience requires the perception that there are others, that there is socialistion with other people, and that there are differences between oneself and other people. Egocentric people are often unable to fully understand or to cope with other people's opinions. The fact that reality can be different from what they are ready to accept is difficult for them.

References

Psychology
Jeremy Fritz (born December 15, 1979) is a Canadian professional wrestler. He currently works for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling under the ring name, Eric Young (2004-2016). He is a one-time TNA World Heavyweight Champion. 

In TNA, Fritz is known for portraying many different comic relief gimmicks. During his time in TNA, he has won the X Division Championship once, Legends/Global/Television Championship twice, and the World Tag Team Championship five times. He also became the only man to co-hold the TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship when he won the title with ODB.

Outside of wrestling, Fritz hosts Off the Hook: Extreme Catches on Animal Planet.

Championships
Allied Powers Wrestling Federation
APWF Cruiserweight Championship (one time)
Assault Championship Wrestling
ACW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Family Wrestling Entertainment
FWE Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Future Stars of Pro Wrestling
FSPW Independent Championship (two times)
Memphis Wrestling
Memphis Southern Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Johnny Devine)
Neo Spirit Pro Wrestling
NSP Independent Championship (one time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #49 of the best 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2010.
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
TNA World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
TNA X Division Championship (one time)
TNA Legends/Global/Television Championship (two times)
TNA World Beer Drinking Championship (one time)2
NWA World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Bobby Roode)
TNA World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Kaz (one) and Kevin Nash and Scott Hall (one)1)
TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship (one time) (with ODB)
TNA Turkey Bowl (2011, 2012)
Most Inspirational (2006)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Worst Worked Match of the Year (2006) (TNA Reverse Battle Royal on TNA Impact!)
Xtreme Wrestling Coalition
XWC World Heavyweight Championship (one time)

1Young defended the championship with either Hall or Nash under the Freebird Rule.2Championship not officially recognized by TNA.

References

Other websites
TNA profile 

1979 births
Living people
Canadian professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Ontario
TNA wrestlers
Armillaria solidipes is a species of fungus. It is also known as the honey mushroom. It grows in the United States. In the Malheur National Forest in Oregon there is one that is the world's biggest living organism.

References

Fungi
Reflektor is the fourth album by Arcade Fire. It was released on October 28, 2013. The album has two discs. The first disc has seven songs. The second disc has six songs. It got good reviews from music critics. Pitchfork gave it a score of 9.2 out of 10. The first single from the album, "Reflektor", was released on September 9, 2013. The album was number one in several countries including the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom.

References

2013 albums
The Division of New England is an Australian electoral division in New South Wales. It is in the north-east of the state, next to the border with Queensland. It was set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is named after the New England region of northern New South Wales.

The includes the towns of Armidale, Ashford, Barraba, Bingara, Bundarra, Glen Innes, Gunnedah, Guyra, Inverell, Manilla, Quirindi,  Tamworth, Uralla, Werris Creek, Walcha and Tenterfield.

Members

Barnaby Joyce is a former Senator for the state of Queensland. In 2016 he became leader of the National Party and Deputy Prime Minister.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of New England - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1901 establishments in Australia
Luke Baldwin (born 15 September 1990) is an English rugby union player. He was born in Royal Tunbridge Wells. He plays for Bristol Rugby in the RFU Championship.

Education 
Luke Baldwin was educated at The Judd School in Tonbridge. While he was there he also played rugby for them. In 2003, he represented Judd at Kent County Athletics Under-13 Championships at Canterbury High School. There he finished third place in the 75-metre hurdles and fourth in the 100-metres.

Career 
Baldwin started playing rugby for Tunbridge Wells RFC. In 2006 he signed with Saracens Academy. He trained there while he also played for Tunbridge Wells until 2009. After he left Tunbridge Wells, he was loaned to Blackheath F.C.. He made his debut for Saracens in 2010. He went on to make 5 first team appearances for Saracens.

In 2010, he was loaned to RFU Championship side, Bedford Blues. In 2012, he returned to Bedford Blues on a dual registration with Saracens. While at Bedford, he received praise for his playing performance. He also represented Saracens in the Premiership Rugby Sevens Series while also playing for Bedford Blues in the RFU Championship. In 2013, he left Saracens and Bedford Blues and signed for Bristol Rugby, playing his final game for Bedford against London Welsh.

References

Other websites 
 Luke Baldwin Career Statistics

English rugby union players
Sportspeople from Kent
1990 births
Living people
Eve Jihan Jeffers (born November 10, 1978), better known as Eve, is an American rapper, songwriter, and actress. She was the first winner of the Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2002 for the song "Let Me Blow Ya Mind", with Gwen Stefani. In 2002 her album Scorpion was also nominated for Best Rap Album.

Career
Eve released her first album Let There Be Eve...Ruff Ryders' First Lady in 1999. It went straight to number one in the American album chart. It was the third album by a female rap artist to reach number one in the United States.

In 2001 Eve's second album Scorpion was released. It entered the American album chart at number four. Eve won Best Female Hip-Hop Artist at the Black Entertainment Awards.

In 2002 Eve's third album, Eve-Olution, was released. Two singles were released from the album. The first single "Gangsta Lovin" is a song sung with Alicia Keys. It reached number two in the American singles chart. 

Eve was on the remix of Michael Jackson's 2002 single "Butterflies".
 
In 2003 Eve started acting in a sitcom called Eve. The show was stopped in 2006. There were 66 episodes.

Eve rapped on Gwen Stefani's 2004 single "Rich Girl". It reached number seven in the Billboard 100. She rapped on "Never", Keyshia Cole's first single, in 2005.

In 2007 Eve released the single "Tambourine". She also rapped on Kelly Rowland's single "Like This". It reached number four in the UK Singles Chart. That year Eve started to make her fourth album.

Eve was in the 2009 documentary Good Hair. 

She presented the MTV Africa Music Awards 2010. She rapped on Guy Sebestian's single "Who's That Girl". It reached number one in Australia and New Zealand.

In 2013 Eve's fourth album, Lip Lock, was released. The album included appearances from Missy Elliott and Snoop Dogg. On August 23, 2013 Eve started The Lip Lock Tour.

Discography

Studio albums
 Let There Be Eve...Ruff Ryders' First Lady (1999)
 Scorpion (2001)
 Eve-Olution (2002)
 Lip Lock (2013)

References

1978 births
African American actors
African American musicians
American rap musicians
Grammy Award winners
Living people
Frederick McCubbin (25 February 1855 – 20 December 1917) was an Australian painter. He was a part of the Heidelberg School, which was an important period in the history of Australia's visual arts.

McCubbin was born in Melbourne. McCubbin was taught at William Willmett's West Melbourne Common School and St Paul's School, Swanston Street. He worked several jobs while studying art at the National Gallery of Victoria's School of Design. There he met Tom Roberts and studied under Eugene von Guerard. He also studied at the Victorian Academy of the Arts. He showed some of his early paintings there in 1876, and again from 1879 to 1882. He sold his first painting there in 1880.

By the early 1880s, McCubbin's work had become famous. His paintings won several prizes from the National Gallery. By the mid-1880s his painting became focused on the Australian bush. This is the work for which he is remembered.

In 1888, McCubbin became instructor and master of the School of Design at the National Gallery. He taught several students who themselves became notable Australian artists.

He married Annie Moriarty in March 1889. They had seven children. McCubbin lived most of his life in Melbourne, and rarely travelled. He and his family moved to Mount Macedon in 1901. McCubbin continued to paint through the first two decades of the 20th century. By the beginning of World War I, his health began to fail. He died in 1917 from a heart attack.

References

Other websites

 Australian government website on McCubbin, source of most of the material for this article
 Frederick McCubbin (1855-1917)  Gravesite at Brighton General Cemetery
 Frederick McCubbin at the National Library of Australia

1855 births
1917 deaths
Australian painters
Joan Miró (20 April 1893  25 December 1983) was a Spanish painter, sculptor and ceramicist. He was born in Barcelona. He died of heart disease in Palma, Majorca. A museum dedicated to his work, the Fundación Joan Miró, was opened in Barcelona in 1975.

Joan Miró started painting when he was fourteen he attended an art school. He then started to develop his own style to draw scenes of trees and landscapes. In around the 1930s Joan started to make rapid changes to his style of painting. Influenced by Pablo Picasso, Miro developed more surrealist works. 

Miró was a significant influence on late 20th-century art, in particular the American abstract expressionist artists.

References 

1893 births
1983 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Spain
People from Barcelona
Spanish painters
Spanish sculptors
NGC 1569 is a dwarf irregular galaxy in Camelopardalis.  This faint galaxy is well studied by professional astronomers, who are interested in the history of star formation in the galaxy. The galaxy is relatively nearby, so the Hubble Space Telescope can easily pick out its stars. In 2008 scientists studying images from Hubble calculated the galaxy's distance at nearly 11 million light-years away, making it a member of the IC 342 group of galaxies.

Starburst 
The most notable feature of NGC 1569 is its powerful starburst. It has formed stars at a rate 100 times greater than that of our galaxy during the last 100 million years. It contains two prominent super star clusters with different histories.

Super star cluster A, in the northwest of the galaxy is formed of two close clusters (NGC 1569 A1 and NGC 1569 A2). It contains young stars 
(including WolfRayet stars) which formed less than 5 million years ago (in NGC 1569 A1) as 
well as older red stars (in NGC 1569 A2).

Super star cluster B, near the center of the galaxy, has older  red giants and red supergiants.

Both of these star clusters have masses similar to the globular clusters in the Milky Way. Many smaller star clusters are relatively young (between 2 million years and 1 billion years. They are similar to small globular clusters or R136 in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
This shows, with the results from other dwarf galaxies such as the Large Magellanic Cloud and NGC 1705, that star formation in dwarf galaxies does not occur continuously but instead occurs in a series of short bursts.

The many supernovae produced in the galaxy as well as the strong stellar winds of its stars have produced filaments and bubbles of ionized hydrogen with respective sizes of up to 3,700 and 380 light years. These shine as the light of the young stars contained within them hits the gas.

NGC 1569's starburst may have been triggered by interactions with other galaxies of the IC 342 group, probably a nearby cloud of hydrogen.

References 

Dwarf galaxies
Halton Christian "Chip" Arp  (March 21, 1927 – December 28, 2013) was an American astronomer. He was known for his Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, published in 1966. Arp was also known as a critic of the Big Bang theory and for helping a non-standard cosmology to create an intrinsic redshift.

Arp was born on March 21, 1927 in New York City. He studied at the California Institute of Technology. Arp was married three times. He had four daughters.

Arp died on December 28, 2013 in Munich. He died from a stroke, and he was aged 86.

Books
 
 Halton Arp, Seeing Red,  Aperion (August 1998) 
 Halton Arp, Catalogue of Discordant Redshift Associations, Aperion (September 1, 2003) 
 G. Burbidge, E.M. Burbidge, H.C. Arp, W.M. Napier: Ultraluminous X-ray Sources, High Redshift QSOs and Active Galaxies.
 J. Kanipe, D. Webb The Arp Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, A Chronicle and Observer's Guide, Willmann-Bell Inc. (2006)

References

Other websites

 Halton Arp's Website
 Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies
 Arp's Catalog of Peculiar Galaxies website
 Detailed review of Seeing Red by Tom Van Flandern 
 Electric Politics interview with Halton C. Arp (podcast) 

1927 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American astronomers
Scientists from New York City
Wojciech Kilar (17 July 1932 – 29 December 2013) was a Polish classical and movie composer. He was known for his composing in Bram Stoker's Dracula and The Pianist. He received many awards throughout his fifty years of composing.

Kilar was born on 17 July 1932 in Lwów, Poland (present-day Lviv, Ukraine). He studied at State Higher School of Music and at State Higher School of Music. 

Kilar married Barbara Pomianowska in April 1966. They had no children. Their marriage lasted for almost over forty years. Pomianowska died in November 2007. 

Kilar composed many movie compositions. He composed the trailer music for Schindler's List. He also composed the music for Promised Land and for Dracula. He composed his musical works during a festival for Pope John Paul II.

In 1991 Polish filmmaker Krzysztof Zanussi made a movie about his life titled Wojciech Kilar.

Kilar, who was suffering from brain cancer during his final years, from which he died on 29 December 2013 in Katowice, Poland at the age of 81.

References

Other websites

 

Composer's website
Kilar at the Polish Music Center 
Interview with Wojciech Kilar
Wojciech Kilar  at Culture.pl

1932 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Disease-related deaths in Poland
Polish composers
Eero Antero Mäntyranta (20 November 1937 – 30 December 2013) was a Finnish skier. He has won several medals and the Winter Olympic Games.

Mäntyranta was born in Pello, Finland.

He competed in four Winter Olympics from 1960 to 1972. He won seven medals at the first three of them. This makes him one of the most successful skiers in Finland. His success at the 1964 Winter Olympics earned him the nickname "Mister Seefeld". The Finnish Ministry of Education honored him with the Pro Urheilu letter of recognition in 2000. There is a museum called Mäntyranta in Pello.

Mäntyranta died on 30 December 2013 from a heart attack. He died in Pello, aged 74.

Other websites

Holmenkollen medalists  – click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file 
Holmenkollen winners since 1892  – click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file 

1937 births
2013 deaths
1960 Winter Olympics
1964 Winter Olympics
1968 Winter Olympics
1972 Winter Olympics
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Finnish Olympic bronze medalists
Finnish Olympic silver medalists
Olympic gold medalists
Skiers
Skiing in Finland
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is an Indian-American author and poet. She writes for both adults and children. In 1991 her first collection of poems, Black Candle, was published. In 1995 she won the American Book Award for Arranged Marriage: Stories. Her 1997 novel Mistress of Spices was made into a movie.

Early life
Divakaruni was born in Kolkata (earlier known as Calcutta), West Bengal, India. She studied B.A. from the University of Calcutta in 1976. Then she went to the United States to study in Wright State University from where she received a master's degree. In 1985, she received her PhD in English from the University of California, Berkeley.

References

Living people
1956 births
Year of birth missing (living people)
Writers from Berkeley, California
People from Kolkata
Indian poets
American poets
Indian novelists
American novelists
Junot Díaz (born December 31, 1968) is a Dominican-American writer. His first novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao was published in September 2007. In 2008 it won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. It also won the John Sargent Sr. First Novel Prize. His next novel has not been published yet. It is called Monstro.

Early life
Díaz was born in Villa Juana, a neighborhood in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. In December 1974 he moved to New Jersey.

Personal life
He lives with Marjorie Liu.

Work
Díaz's first collection of short stories, Drown, was published in 1996. His first novel, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao was published in 2007. It is about a Dominican boy called Oscar Wao, who is growing up in New Jersey. It took him 11 years to write. The book uses both English and Spanish. In 2012 Díaz released a collection of short stories called This Is How You Lose Her. He was given the $500,000 MacArthur "Genius grant" award. In 2013 he won the £30,000 Sunday Times EFG Private Bank short story prize. Díaz joins other Hispanic-American writers such as Gloria Anzaldúa, Sandra Cisneros, and Giannina Braschi who use Spanglish phrases in their stories.  Spanglish is a mix of English words and Spanish words.

References

Other websites
Facebook page

1968 births
Writers from New Jersey
Living people
O. Henry Award winners
Saul Stacey Williams (born February 29, 1972) is an American singer, poet, and actor. He played the main character in the 1998 movie Slam.

Early life
Williams was born in Newburgh, New York. For high school he went to Newburgh Free Academy.

Career
He became an open mic poet in 1995. In 1998 he played Ray Joshua, the main character in the movie Slam. He also helped write the script. In 2001 he released his first album Amethyst Rock Star. His second album Saul Williams was released in 2004. His third album The Inevitable Rise and Liberation of NiggyTardust! was released on November 1, 2007. It was produced by Trent Reznor.

Personal life
Williams is vegan. He lives in Paris. He identifies as queer.

References

1972 births
African American musicians
Living people
Musicians from New York
Queer people
Fernando Luján (born Fernando Ciangherotti Díaz; August 23, 1939 – January 11, 2019) was a Colombian-born Mexican movie and television actor. He was known for his many roles on telenovelas. His career began in 1952 and appeared in over 50 movies and hundreds of television shows. He starred as Leonardo's father in Overboard (2018).

Luján was born on August 23, 1939 in Bogotá. He died from respiratory failure on January 11, 2019 in Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca at the age of 79.

References

Other websites
Fernando Luján at the Telenovela database.

El coronel no tiene quien le escriba review on The New York Times

1939 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Colombian entertainers
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican stage actors
People from Oaxaca
People from Bogotá
Actors from Mexico City
Andrew "Andy" Jacobs, Jr. (February 24, 1932 – December 28, 2013) was an American lawyer and politician. Jacobs was in the United States House of Representatives for 30 years.

His father, Andrew Jacobs, was also a congressman for one term. He once was married to Martha Keys of Kansas, whom he was in the House with for a time. In 1988, Jacobs married Kimberly Hood Jacobs, an Emmy Award-winning television reporter.

Jacobs died on December 28, 2013 at his home in Indianapolis, Indiana. He died from natural causes, aged 81.

References

Other websites

 Video of Jacobs speaking
 Jacobs' Books on Amazon.com
 Biography from the Stennis Center 

1932 births
2013 deaths
American Roman Catholics
Deaths from natural causes
Politicians from Indianapolis, Indiana
United States representatives from Indiana
US Democratic Party politicians
The Columbia Railroad Bridge, which is also called the Columbia Bridge, is a bridge in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is run by the CSX Transportation train company, who uses the bridge to transport goods in the Trenton Subdivision area.  The bridge goes over the Schuylkill River. It is in a park called Fairmont Park.

First bridge
The bridge has been built three times. First, it was built in 1834. It was a covered bridge. The bridge was made from pine tree wood. The government of the state of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad company built it.  The bridge was bought by the Reading Railroad in 1851.

Second bridge
The next bridge was built in 1886 by the Reading Railroad. It was made of iron and was very strong, so trains carrying very heavy things could go over it.

Third bridge

Today's bridge was built in 1920.

References

1834 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Pennsylvania
1886 establishments in the United States

1880s establishments in Pennsylvania

1920 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Pennsylvania 
Bridges in the United States
Buildings and structures in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Transport in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Joseph Ruskin (born Joseph Schlafman; April 14, 1924 – December 28, 2013) was an American character actor. He appeared in over 100 movies during his 50-year career. He appeared in Get Smart, Star Trek, Alias, and in The Twilight Zone.

Ruskin died on December 28, 2013 at a hospital in Santa Monica, California. He died from natural causes, aged 89.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Massachusetts
Michael McDonald (born February 12, 1952) is an American singer and songwriter. He is known for a soulful baritone singing style. He began his career singing back-up vocals with Steely Dan. He became a member of The Doobie Brothers from 1976 to 1982. This period which resulted in several successful songs for the band. He has won five Grammy Awards.

McDonald was born in St. Louis, Missouri.

References

Other websites 
Michael McDonald official web site
Official MySpace site
St. Louis Walk of Fame 

Michael McDonald Sings on New Grizzly Bear Single
Yacht Rock official site 
June 20, 2011 Inside MusiCast interview

1952 births
Living people
American singer-songwriters
Singers from St. Louis, Missouri
Grammy Award winners
Ronald Reagan Day is a state holiday in California, Illinois and Wisconsin. It is celebrated on February 6 each year. The holiday is to remember the life of Ronald Reagan. All state government offices, community colleges, schools, and libraries are closed.

For the 100th anniversary of Reagan's birthday in 2011, governors in 21 states declared February 6 to be Ronald Reagan Day.

References

Holidays
Presidential birthdays in the United States
California
Wisconsin
Illinois
Things named after Ronald Reagan
Bolometric magnitude is the total magnitude of all electromagnetic radiation of a star or other object. It is an extension of luminosity to include all kinds of radiation. 

Astronomy
Measurement
Electromagnetic radiation
The following is a list of notable deaths in 2014. For notable deaths for different months, please see "Months".

Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, cause of death, reference (must be added) are added.


Months
Deaths in January 2014
Deaths in February 2014
Deaths in March 2014 
Deaths in April 2014
Deaths in May 2014
Deaths in June 2014
Deaths in July 2014
Deaths in August 2014
Deaths in September 2014
Deaths in October 2014
Deaths in November 2014
Deaths in December 2014

Other websites

The Guardian, UK obituaries
Obituaries, Los Angeles Times
The New York Times, US obituaries
The Sydney Morning Herald, Australian obituaries

Index lists
Kelly Carlson (born February 17, 1976) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Kimber Henry in Nip/Tuck. She played a motorcycle gang member in 3000 Miles to Graceland.

Early life
Carlson was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Minneapolis, Minnesota
1976 births
Living people
Frédéric Chopin's ballades are four one-movement pieces for solo piano. He composed them between 1835 and 1842. The four ballades are said to have been inspired by Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz. The exact inspiration for each individual ballade, however, is unclear and not agreed upon.

Ballades were composed before Chopin, in literature and Italian Renaissance music. But, Chopin invented the ballade as an abstract musical form. The ballade is a distinct form and cannot be placed into another form (e.g. sonata). After Chopin, other composers such as Franz Liszt and Johannes Brahms also wrote ballades.

The ballades are thought to be the best of Chopin's compositions and of romantic music.  The ballades are difficult for pianists to play, even after they learn the technical difficulty of the notes. There are still the creative expressions to be mastered. 

All four ballades are from 8 to 12 minutes in length. They are in triple time (three beats to a bar), or in 6/4 or 6/8 time. Each is an individual work and should not be played as a group in a concert. Even Chopin did not do this. He wanted listeners to find their own interpretation of the music. Each piece has its own poetry, drama and story.

Chopin's four ballades are very popular pieces and are often heard in concerts around the world. There have been many recordings made of the ballades by classical pianists.

References 

Compositions by Frédéric Chopin
Solo piano pieces
China Anne McClain (born August 25, 1998) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. The first movie she acted in was The Gospel. It was released in 2005. Between 2006 and 2012 she played Jazmine Payne in Tyler Perry's House of Payne.

Career
McClain first acted in the 2005 movie The Gospel. Tyler Perry saw the movie and gave her the role of Jazmine Payne in Tyler Perry's House of Payne.
In 2009 McClain played Alana Collins in Hurricaine Season. In 2011 McClain won the prize for Best Performance - Comedy at the NAMIC Vision Awards for her role in the show. McClain started acting in the Disney sitcom A.N.T. Farm in 2011. She played the main character, Chyna Parks. The show lasted three seasons. McClain sung the show's theme song, "Exceptional". It was released on a soundtrack album called A.N.T. Farm in 2011. Two singles were released from the album. It reached number 29 in the American albums chart. 

In 2014, McClain played Gabby Harrison in Disney Channel movie How to Build a Better Boy.

Early life
McClain was born in Atlanta to African American parents. Her father is Michael McClain, a music producer. Her mother, Shontell, a songwriter.

References

1998 births
African American actors
African American musicians
Living people
Actors from Atlanta, Georgia
American TikTokers
Charles Edward Russell (September 25, 1860 – April 23, 1941) was an American journalist and politician. He started the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People with people including W. E. B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells, Archibald Grimké, Henry Moskowitz, Mary White Ovington, Oswald Garrison Villard, William English Walling (the last son of a former slave-holding family), and Florence Kelley in 1909. For the rest of his life Russell worked on the board of directors. Russell also wrote 27 books. In 1928 he won a Pulitzer Prize for The American Orchestra and Theodore Thomas.

Early life
Charles Edward Russell was born in Davenport, Iowa on September 25, 1860. His father was a newspaper editor at the Davenport Gazette. Russell went to St. Johnsbury Academy for high school.

Career
Russell worked as a "muckraker". A muckraker was a journalist who reported about how capitalism was bad. In 1902, Russell's first book, Such Stuff as Dreams, was published. Russell joined the Socialist Party of America in 1908. He was a member until 1917. Russell was the Socialist candidate for Governor of New York in 1910 and 1912. He was a candidate for U.S. Senator from New York in 1914. Russell's memoir These Shifting Scenes was published in 1915.  Russell acted in the 1917 movie The Fall of the Romanoffs. In 1928 Russell won the Pulitzer Prize for his biography The American Orchestra and Theodore Thomas. In 1933 Russell's second memoir Bare Hands and Stone Walls was published. Russell was an editorial writer for social democratic magazine The New Leader.

Personal life
Russell had one child, John Russell. Charles Edward Russell died on 23rd April 1941.

References

1860 births
1941 deaths
American political activists
American progressives
Biographers
American journalists
Politicians from Iowa
American political writers
Pulitzer Prize winners
Social democrats
Dana Marie Perino (born May 9, 1972) is an American journalist. She was the White House Press Secretary under President George W. Bush, from September 2007 to January 2009. She is currently a political commentator working for Fox News. She works for the program The Five.

Perino was born in Evanston, Wyoming. She was raised in Denver, Colorado.

References

White House Press Secretaries
Writers from Wyoming
American political commentators
Writers from Denver, Colorado
American journalists
1972 births
Living people
John Caspar Wild (1804 - August 12, 1846) was an American painter and lithographer. He was also called J.C. Wild. He was born in Switzerland. He moved to Paris, France. In 1832 he moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He painted and printed landscapes. He painted a lot of cities in the United States. He painted pictures of Philadelphia, St. Louis, Cincinnati, and Davenport, Iowa. His artwork is owned by the Library Company of Pennsylvania.

References

1804 births
1846 deaths
American painters
American printmakers
Swiss painters
People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, OD (born December 27, 1986) is a Jamaican sprinter. She became famous in 2008 when she became the first Caribbean woman to win 100 meters gold at the Olympics at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. At the 2012 London Olympic Games she won another gold medal in the same event. She also won silver in 200 meters and 4 x 100 meters relay. She is five feet tall. She is one of the fastest women to run 100 meters of all time.

Personal life
She is a Christian.

References

1986 births
Female athletes
Jamaican sportspeople
Olympic gold medalists
Living people
Sprinters
Caribbean people
Ornithomimidae ("bird-mimics") is a group of theropod dinosaurs which bore a superficial resemblance to modern ostriches. They were fast, omnivorous or herbivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Laurasia (now Asia and North America). Members of the Ornithomimidae include Gallimimus, Archaeornithomimus, Anserimimus, Struthiomimus, and Ornithomimus.

Ornithomimids are a sister group to the troodontids. These groups had many bird-like features, including feathers, but they were not birds.

The skulls of ornithomimids were small, with large eyes, above relatively long and slender necks. All had toothless beaks.

The fore limbs ('arms') were long and slender and bore powerful claws. The hind limbs were long and powerful, with a long foot and short, strong toes terminating in hooflike claws. 

Ornithomimids probably acquired most of their calories from plants. Many ornithomimosaurs, including primitive species, have been found with numerous gastroliths in their stomachs, characteristic of herbivores. Henry Fairfield Osborn suggested that the long, sloth-like 'arms' of ornithomimids may have been used to pull down branches on which to feed, an idea supported by further study of their strange, hook-like hands.  Ornithomimids probably acquired most of their calories from plants. Many ornithomimosaurs, including primitive species, have been found with numerous gastroliths in their stomachs, characteristic of herbivores.

The sheer abundance of ornithomimids – they are the most common small dinosaurs in North America – is consistent with the idea that they were plant eaters, as herbivores usually outnumber carnivores in an ecosystem. However, they may have been omnivores that ate both plants and small animal prey.

References 

Coelurosaurs
Bon Iver is an American indie folk band. The band was started in Eau Claire in 2007 by Justin Vernon. The band has seven members. Their most well known song is "Skinny Love".

Career
In 2007 they self released their first album, For Emma, Forever Ago. In 2008 the independent record label Jagjaguwar released it in the United States. It sold over 30,000 copies in its first three months. 4AD later released the album in the UK and Europe. The first single from the album was "Skinny Love". In 2008 Bon Iver designed a T-shirt for the Yellow Bird Project.

In 2009 Bon Iver released their first EP Blood Bank. In 2011 they released their second album Bon Iver, Bon Iver. Pitchfork gave the album a score of 9.5 out of 10. They chose it as the best album of 2011. The album won the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album in 2012. In 2012 Bon Iver also won the Grammy for Best New Artist. "Holocene" was nominated for Song of the Year and Record of the Year.

References

2007 establishments in the United States
Folk music groups
Grammy Award winners
Wilko Johnson (born John Peter Wilkinson; 12 July 1947) is an English singer, guitarist and songwriter. He is best known for his time with the pub rock band Dr. Feelgood. He is said to be one of the founding influences of the English punk movement.

Johnson was featured in the first and second seasons of the HBO series Game of Thrones. He played a mute executioner named Ilyn Payne.

In January 2013, he was diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer. He chose not to receive any chemotherapy. He said in an interview with John Wilson on the BBC Radio 4 programme Front Row that the doctors told him he only had nine or ten months to live. He also said during the interview that he was going to do a "farewell tour" of the UK set for March. When he finished his tour, he announced that he was going to spend his final days recording a farewell album with Roger Daltrey, lead singer of The Who.

In October 2014, Johnson announced he was cancer free.

References

Other websites
 
 

1947 births
Living people
Cancer survivors
English rock guitarists
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from Essex
Pantalettes are female undergarments that cover the legs. They used to be worn by boys before they were old enough to wear trousers.

Pantalettes started in the 19th century in France.

Underwear
Victorian fashion refers to the various fashions and trends of Europe during the Victorian Era, which lasted from 1837 to 1901, and is named after the reigning queen of England at the time, Queen Victoria. The period saw many changes in fashion, including changes in clothing, architecture, literature, and visual arts.

During this period, fashion changed a lot. In the 1800s, you had small silhouettes and pastel colors. In the 1830s, there was very exaggerated fashion. The 1860s are also famous for this along with the 1870s, the 1880s, and the 1890s. But during the early part of the 20th century, fashion was toned down in the sense of exaggeration and playfulness. 

The main woman who inspired was the Queen of England and Empress of India, Victoria. She was at the peak of royalty and ruled for many years, therefore influencing many trends during the century. 

By 1907, clothing was increasingly factory-made and often sold in large, fixed price department stores. Custom sewing and home sewing were still significant, but on the decline. New machinery and materials developed clothing in many ways.

The introduction of the lock-stitch sewing machine in mid-century simplified home and boutique dressmaking. It made it easy to add trimmings which would be costly if done by hand. Lace machinery made lace at a fraction of the cost of the old hand-made lace. Inventors developed new, cheap, bright dyes like mauveine which replaced the old animal or vegetable dyes.

Fashion
Pope Clement II was the leader of the Catholic Church from 25 December 1046 until he died in 1047. 

He was born with the name Suidger von Morsleben in Hornburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. His parents were Count Konrad of Morsleben and Hornburg and his wife Amulrad. His date of birth is unknown.

In the year 1040, von Morsleben became the Bishop of Bamberg. In 1046 he went with King Henry III to Italy and in December, he took part in the Council of Sutri. This took Popes Benedict IX and Sylvester III out of power, and also convinced Pope Gregory VI to resign. King Henry nominated (suggested) Suidger to be the new pope and the council elected him. Suidger took the name Clement II. Shortly after he was elected, Pope Clement and Henry moved to Rome. There, Clement crowned Henry III as Holy Roman Emperor. 

Clement II's short pontificate (time as pope) began an improvement in the way the Roman Church worked, especially by making laws against simony. Simony is when people would pay to have sacraments given to them. 

The reform party criticized Clement's election because there was royal involvement and because the pope was already bishop of another place. 

Clement and the Emperor went on a journey through southern Italy to celebrate his election. Benevento was placed under an interdict (they were prevented from taking part in some Church rites) because they wouldn't allow Pope Clement to enter. Afterwards they went to Germany, where Clement made Wiborada a saint. Wiborada was a martyr who was killed praying for the people of her city.

On Henry III and Pope Clement's way back to Rome in October 1047, Pope Clement suddenly died. His body was taken to Bamberg, a place he had loved, and was buried near the Bamberg Cathedral. 

Scientists studied Clement's body in the mid-20th century. They confirmed that the pope had been poisoned with lead sugar. They do not know whether he was poisoned or whether he was using the chemical as medicine.

References

Year of birth unknown
1047 deaths
German popes
People from Lower Saxony
The Division of Page is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is in the far north-east of the state, next the border with Queensland and the Tasman Sea. It is named after the Right Honourable Sir Earle Page, the first leader of the Country Party of Australia and the caretaker Prime Minister of Australia after the death of Joseph Lyons in 1939. It was set up in 1984.

The division includes the towns of Ballina, Lismore, Casino, Grafton, Tyringham, Bonalbo, Nimbin and Iluka.

Members

Ian Causley had been in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the member for Clarence. He resigned in 1996 to stand for the Division of Page, and defeated Harry Woods. Woods then stood for Causely's vacant state seat of Clarence which he won. Causley  was the Deputy Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

other websites
Division of Page - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1984 establishments in Australia
The Division of Parkes is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is the largest electorate in the state. It is located in the far north of the state, next to the border with Queensland. It is named after Sir Henry Parkes, seventh Premier of New South Wales and sometimes known as the 'Father of Federation'. It was set up in 1984.

It includes the towns of Dubbo. It also includes the towns of Mudgee, Dunedoo, Gunnedah, Coonabarabran, Coonamble, Walgett, Narrabri, Moree, Warren, Nyngan, Cobar and Bourke. The division does not include the town of Parkes.

This is the second Division of Parkes. The first Division of Parkes (1901-69) was in suburban Sydney.

Members

Michael Cobb was found guilty of fraud in 1998. He claimed money for staying in hotels, but he was actually seeping in his car. John Cobb was Minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs and later Community Services in the Howard government. In the 2007 election Cobb moved to the Division of Calare.

Since the 2013 election, Parkes is the safest seat in Australia. It would need more votes than any other seat to change to another political party.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Parkes - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1984 establishments in Australia
Juanita Moore (October 19, 1914 - January 1, 2014) was an American movie and television actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Imitation of Life. She was the fifth African-American actor to be nominated for an Academy Award and the third in that category.

Moore died on January 1, 2014 from natural causes at her home in Los Angeles. She was aged 99.

References

Other websites

1914 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Mississippi
African American actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from natural causes
The Linguini Incident is a comedy movie. It was released in May 1991. Marlee Matlin and David Bowie are in this movie.

1990s comedy movies
1991 movies
Albert Newsam (May 20, 1809 – November 20, 1864) was an American artist. He was a painter and made lithographs of people and places.

Early life

Albert Newsam was born in the city of Steubenville in the state of Ohio in the United States. He was born deaf and mute. He was also an orphan. Newsam was making art when he was a little boy. When he was still a little boy, he met a man named William P. Davis. Davis acted like he was also deaf and mute, but he wasn't. He took Newsam to the city of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania and forced Newsam to make art and Davis would sell it and make money off of it. In 1820, Newsam was saved from being with Davis and went to school at the Pennsylvania School for the Deaf.

Job as an artist

In the year 1827, Newsam started to make art as an apprentice to a printmaker named Cephas G. Childs. Newsam had a lot of artists who taught him when he worked for Childs. One of the artists was George Catlin. Newsam started making art all the time as an artist in 1829. His pictures were published and sold for money. Childs retired and another man named Peter S. Duvall became owner of the company. Newsam worked for him and became the main artist at the company.

Newsam painted and drew pictures of politicians, preachers, and rich people. He also made pictures of landscapes, medical illustrations, and sheet music.

Later life and death

Newsam started to lose his eyesight in the year 1857. In 1859, he had a stroke, which made him stop making art. He had to move to a place called the Living Home for the Sick and Well in the state of Delaware. Since he could not sell art anymore, his friends paid for him to move to the home. He died there in the year 1864.

Legacy

His artwork is owned by the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and The Library Company of Philadelphia.

Books about Albert Newsam
 
 Pyatt, Joseph O. Memoir of Albert Newsam. Philadelphia: Self-published (1868).
 Stauffer, DMN. Lithographic Portraits of Albert Newsam. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography (1901).

References

1809 births
1864 deaths
American painters
American printmakers
People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
People from Steubenville, Ohio