cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Deputy Prime Minister of India (IAST: Bhārat kē Uppradhānamantrī) is the deputy head of the Government of India. It is the second highest ranking member of the Union Council of Ministers. A deputy prime minister usually also holds a cabinet portfolio such as the home minister, defence minister or finance minister. In the parliamentary system of government, the prime minister is treated as the "first among equals" in the cabinet; the position of deputy prime minister is used to bring political stability and strength within a coalition government or in times of national emergency, when a proper chain of command is necessary.

The office is having been occupied for a little more than 11 years out of the 73 years since its establisment.

History

The first deputy prime minister was Vallabhbhai Patel. He occupied the post for 3 years until his death in 1950. The post was empty until Morarji Desai became the second deputy prime minister in 1967.

L. K. Advani served as the seventh deputy prime minister in Atal Bihari Vajpayee's cabinet from 2002 to 2004.

List of  Deputy Prime Ministers of India excluding exodus incumbent Kamaljit Das.
Keys

Related pages 

 Deputy Chief Minister

References
George Robert Carruthers (October 1, 1939 – December 26, 2020) was an American inventor, physicist, engineer and space scientist. He helped create the ultraviolet camera/spectrograph for NASA and they used it on Apollo 16 in 1972. He designed it so astronauts could use it on the lunar surface.

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
American inventors
American physicists
Engineers from Ohio
Scientists from Cincinnati, Ohio
Rocco Anthony Petrone (March 31, 1926 – August 24, 2006) was an American mechanical engineer, U.S. Army officer and NASA official. He was director of launch operations at NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) from 1966 to 1969. He was third director of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center from 1973 to 1974. He retired from NASA in 1975.

References

1926 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Engineers from New York
Scientists from New York
Palos Verdes Estates () is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. 13,438 lived here at the 2010 census.

References

Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
John Fulton Reid (3 March 1956 – 28 December 2020) was a New Zealand cricketer. He was born in Auckland. Reid played in 19 Test matches and 25 One Day Internationals between 1979 and 1986. From 1975 to 1988, he played for the Auckland cricket team.

Reid died of cancer in Christchurch on 28 December 2020, aged 64.

References

1956 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from cancer
New Zealand cricketers
Claude Bolling (10 April 1930 – 29 December 2020) was a French jazz pianist, composer, arranger, and actor. He was born in Cannes, France. He was known as the composer of the Lucky Luke animated movies Daisy Town (1971) and La Ballade des Dalton (1978).

Bolling died on 29 December 2020 in Saint-Cloud, France at the age of 90.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
French pianists
French composers
French movie actors
People from Cannes
Agitu Ideo Gudeta (; January 1, 1978 − December 29, 2020), was an Ethiopian farmer, businesswoman, and environmentalist. She created a goat farming system using the indigenous breed Pezzata Mòchena to create dairy and beauty products. 

On December 29, 2020, Gudeta was beaten to death with a hammer and raped in her apartment in Frassilongo, Italy at the age of 42.

References

1978 births
2020 deaths
Ethiopian people
African businesspeople
Environmentalists
Deaths by beating
Crime victims
Gregory Obinna Ochiagha (31 August 1931 – 29 December 2020) was a Nigerian Roman Catholic bishop. Ochiagha was born in Orlu, Nigeria. He became a priest in 1960. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Orlu, Nigeria, from 1981 until 2008.

Ochiagha died on 29 December 2020 in Orlu at the age of 89.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops
Nigerian people
John Lee Paul Jr. (February 19, 1960 – December 29, 2020) was an American racing driver. He competed in CART and the Indy Racing League competitions. He was born in Muncie, Indiana. Paul won the 24 Hours of Daytona twice.

He also was known for drug smuggling.  In May 1986, Paul Jr. received a five-year sentence for racketeering, with the drug charges dropped. 

Paul Jr. died on December 29, 2020 in Los Angeles from problems caused by Huntington's disease, aged 60.

References

1960 births
2020 deaths
American criminals
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Indiana
Deaths from neurodegenerative disease
People from Muncie, Indiana
Geoffrey James Robinson (10 August 1937 – 29 December 2020) was an Australian Roman Catholic prelate. He was born in Sydney. He became Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney in 1960. He taught canon law at the Catholic Institute of Sydney. In 1984, he was named an auxiliary bishop of Sydney. Robinson retired in 2004.

Robinson died on 29 December 2020 in Sydney from cancer, aged 83.

References

1937 births
2020 deaths
Cancer deaths in Sydney
Australian Roman Catholics
Roman Catholic bishops
People from Sydney
The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola, also known as MPLA is a left-wing political party and a popular movement from Angola. The MPLA fought against the colonial Second Portuguese Republic (Estado Novo) in the Angolan War of Independence. The party has been the dominant party in Angola since the country's independence in 1975.

Foreign support
During both the Portuguese Colonial War and the Angolan Civil War, the MPLA received military, political and humanitarian support primarily from the governments of Algeria, the Bulgarian, East Germany, Cape Verde, Czechoslovak, the Congo, Cuba, Guinea-Bissau, Morocco, the Mozambique, Nigeria, North Korea, the Polish People's Republic, China, the Romania, São Tomé and Príncipe, Somalia, the Soviet Union, Sudan, Tanzania, Libya and SFR Yugoslavia. While China did briefly support the MPLA, China also actively supported UNITA and Jonas Savimbi after Sino-Soviet split.

References 

20th-century establishments in Angola
1956 establishments in Africa
Communist parties
National liberation movements
Social democratic parties
Socialist International
Aldo Andretti (February 28, 1940 – December 30, 2020) was an Italian-born American racing driver. He was the twin brother of Mario Andretti and the father of Adam and John Andretti. He was born in Montona d'Istria, Italy. He raced with USAC and IMCA.

In 1969, Andretti suffered severe facial injuries after crashing during a spring car race in Des Moines. He had face reconstructive surgery.

Andretti died on December 30, 2020 in Indianapolis, Indiana at the age of 80.

References

1940 births
2020 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Italian racecar drivers
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Indianapolis, Indiana
Businesspeople from Indianapolis, Indiana
Guillem Areny Areny (1931 – 30 December 2020) was an Andorran politician. He was Mayor of La Massana from 1962 to 1963. He also was a member of the Council General from 1966 to 1969 and again from 1974 to 1981.

Areny died on 30 December 2020, aged 89.

References

1930s births
2020 deaths
Andorran people
European politicians
The General Council (, ) is the unicameral parliament of Andorra. It is sometimes known as the General Council of the Valleys because it was the historical name and it is to make it different from similarly named parliaments in the Val d'Aran and in France.

References

Andorra
Jos Compaan (2 July 1958 – 30 December 2020) was a Dutch rower. She competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics, 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics. Compaan was born in Purmerend, Netherlands.

Compaan died on 30 December 2020 at the age of 62.

References

1958 births
2020 deaths
Dutch Olympians
People from Purmerend
Rowers
Sportspeople from North Holland
Andrew Han Jingtao (; 26 July 1921 – 30 December 2020) was a Chinese Catholic prelate. He was the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sipingjie from 1982 until his death. He became a priest in 1947. He was born in Jilin, China.

Han Jingtao died on 30 December 2020, aged 99.

References

1921 births
2020 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops
Chinese people
Samuel Little (June 7, 1940 – December 30, 2020) was an American serial killer and serial rapist. He was convicted in 2012 of the murders of three women in California between 1987 and 1989 as well as in 2018 of the murder of a woman in Texas in 1994. 

Little was an African American who was born in Reynolds, Georgia. He was raised in Lorain, Ohio.

He claimed to have killed as many as 93 women, and investigators had evidence that related him to 60 murders. 

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) said Little's killed at least 50 people, the largest number of proven cases for any serial killer in United States history. He allegedly murdered women across 19 states over a third of a century ending around 2005. Little was born in Reynolds, Georgia.

Little died in prison in Los Angeles County, California on December 30, 2020 at the age of 80.

References

1940 births
2020 deaths
African-American people
American burglars
American rapists
American serial killers
American thieves

Criminals from Ohio
People from Georgia (U.S. state)
People who died in prison custody in the United States
Reynolds is a town in Taylor County, Georgia, United States. 1,086 lived here at the 2010 census.

References

Towns in Georgia (U.S. state)
Yehoshua Matza (,  8 August 1931 – 30 December 2020) was an Israeli politician, economist and businessman. He was born and died in Jerusalem. He was president and CEO of State of Israel Bonds. From 1984 to 2002, he was a member of the Likud. From 1996 to 1999, Matza was Minister of Health during the first Benjamin Netanyahu cabinet.

Matza died on 30 December 2020 at the age of 89.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
Israeli politicians
Israeli businesspeople
Economists
People from Jerusalem
Alto Reed (born Thomas  Neal Cartmell, May 16, 1948 – December 30, 2020) was an American saxophonist. He was best known as a long-time member of Bob Seger and the Silver Bullet Band. He also was a member of the Grand Funk Railroad. Reed was born in Detroit, Michigan. His career began in 1972.

Reed died of problems caused by colon cancer in Detroit on December 30, 2020. He was 72 years old.

References

1948 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
American jazz musicians
American rock musicians
American pop musicians
American funk musicians
American saxophonists
Musicians from Detroit, Michigan
LaWanna "Lou" Shurtliff (June 13, 1935 – December 30, 2020) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the Utah House of Representatives from 1999 through 2008 and from 2019 until her death. Shurtliff was born in Lincoln County, Wyoming.

Shurtliff died of pneumonia in Ogden, Utah on December 30, 2020 at the age of 85.

References

1935 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Wyoming
Politicians from Utah
People from Ogden, Utah
US Democratic Party politicians
Grace L. Drake (1926 – 31 December 2020) was an American politician. She was a member of the Ohio Senate from 1984 to 2000. Drake was a member of the Republican Party. She was born in Connecticut.

Drake died on 31 December 2020 at the age of 94.

References

1926 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Ohio
Politicians from Connecticut
US Republican Party politicians
Michael Kindo (20 June 1947 – 31 December 2020) was an Indian field hockey player. He was born in Odisha, India. He represented India in 1972 Summer Olympics and won the bronze medal. He was a member of the team that won the World Cup in 1975. 

Kindo died on 31 December 2020 at the age of 73.

References

1947 births
2020 deaths
Indian Olympic bronze medalists
Field hockey players
Muhammad Arif (1976 – 1 January 2021) was an Indonesian politician. He was elected to the People's Consultative Assembly in 2004. He represented the Riau Islands. He was born in Tanjungpinang, Indonesia.

Arif died of heart attack on 1 January 2021 in Tanjungpinang, aged 44.

References

1976 births
2021 deaths
Indonesian politicians
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Charles Osgood Wood III (born January 8, 1933), known professionally as Charles Osgood, is a retired American radio and television commentator and writer. He was born in New York City.

Osgood is best known for being the host of CBS News Sunday Morning from April 10, 1994, until September 25, 2016. He was also the narrator of the 2008 animated movie Horton Hears a Who!.

References

1933 births
Living people
American voice actors
American television news anchors
American radio personalities
Television personalities from New York City
Actors from New York City
Carol Denise Nash (née Ensley; born February 23, 1970) is an American comedian, actress, television host, model, and producer.

Nash hosted the Style Network show Clean House from 2003 to 2010. She won an Emmy Award in 2010. She played the role of Deputy Raineesha Williams in the Comedy Central comedy series Reno 911! (2003–2009).

References

1970 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American television producers
American television presenters
Models from California
Actors from California
Businesspeople from California
Television personalities from California
Comedians from Los Angeles County, California
On 30 December 2020, a plane which had members of the newly formed Yemeni government landed at Aden International Airport in the southwest of Yemen. As passengers left the plane, there were explosions and gunfire. 25 people were killed and 110 others injured.

References

2020 crimes in Asia
2020s building bombings
2020s explosions in Asia
2020s in Yemen

Attacks on airports
Attacks on buildings and structures in Asia
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 2020s

December 2020 events
Explosions in 2020
Mass shootings in Asia
Mass shootings in the 2020s
Terrorist incidents in 2020
Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 2020s
Dangerous Lies is a 2020 American thriller movie, directed by Michael Scott from a screenplay by David Golden. It stars Camila Mendes, Jessie T. Usher, Jamie Chung, Cam Gigandet, Sasha Alexander, Elliott Gould and Radhesh Aria. It was released on April 30, 2020, by Netflix. It had negative reviews. It is set in Chicago, Illinois however it was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia.

References

2020 movies
2020s thriller movies
Netflix movies
American thriller movies
Movies set in Chicago, Illinois
"34+35" is a song recorded by American singer Ariana Grande, as the second track on her sixth studio album, Positions (2020). It was released as a single on October 30, 2020. The song was written by Grande, Albert Stanaj, Courageous Xavier Herrera, Scott Nicholson, Steven Franks, Tayla Parx, Victoria Monét, and its producers Peter Lee Johnson and Tommy Brown.  It runs for two minutes and 54 seconds. 

On October 30, 2020, the song was released by Republic Records as the second single from the album. The song's title and overall theme is about the 69 sex position with some sex jokes.

On January 15, 2021, a remix of the song featuring American rappers Doja Cat and Megan Thee Stallion was released with verses written by the artists. It is eight seconds longer than the original.

The song entered at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 upon the album's release. Combined with sales of the remix, the song later peaked at number two in the US.

References

Ariana Grande songs
2020 songs
Songs about sexuality
2021 songs
Jabba the Hutt was a crime lord who operated from Tatooine. Jabba is a male who is part of the Hutt species. Jabba first appeared in Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi where he was killed by Princess Leia Organa during the rescue of Han Solo. Jabba had placed a bounty on Han Solo's head after Han failed to deliver a shipment. The bounty hunter, Boba Fett captured Han and brought him to Jabba. Jabba also appeared in Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace where he was at the Boonta Eve podrace.

References

Fictional characters introduced in 1977
Fictional characters introduced in 1983
Star Wars characters
Star Wars Skywalker Saga characters
Supervillains
The Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States or Blue Book is an American army book from the Revolutionary War.  It is about how to teach soldiers to be good soldiers.  Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben wrote the first version in 1777 and 1778 at Valley Forge. George Washington, Alexander Hamilton and other officers in the Continental Army helped.  Von Steuben rewrote the book a year later.

At Valley Forge in the winter of 1777-1778, Acting Inspector General von Steuben saw that many Continental officers gave their men different drills. Drills are practice exercises.  Using different drills meant the men might become confused in a real battle.  Von Steuben wrote new drills for the whole army.  He wrote them French.  His aide-de-camp, Pierre Ettienne Duponceau, and George Washington's aides-de-camp, Alexander Hamilton and John Laurens rewrote them in English.  General George Washington would read the drills and make changes. They gave each lesson to the officers one at a time.  Then the officers or their helpers made their own copies.  Then van Steuben and the officers would use the drills with the men.

The next year, in Philadelphia, von Steuben wrote down his Valley Forge drills in one book.  He wrote it in French.  Lieutenant Colonel Francois de Fleury helped.  Then Captain Benjamin Walker and Duponceu rewrote the book in English.  Captain Pierre Charles L'Enfant drew the pictures.

Congress decided to use the book starting in 1779.  The American military used the Blue Book until 1814.

References

American Revolutionary War
Books
"" (; "the Day of Wrath") is a Latin chant first written by either Thomas of Celano of the Franciscans (1200–c.1265) or Latino Malabranca Orsini (d. 1294), lector at the Dominican studium at Santa Sabina, in Rome. It comes from at least the 13th century, but it could be much older. Some have said it was written by St. Gregory the Great (died 604), Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153), or Bonaventure (1221–1274).

It is a poem in Medieval Latin with accentual stress and rhymed lines. The metre is trochaic. It is about the Last Judgment. It is known for being used at the Requiem (funeral mass).

The first melody to these words is used a lot in musical literature. Many recent movies like The Shining and The Lion King have used it.

Text
Sources:

References

13th century
Catholicism
Christian hymns
Poems
Latin language
Louis Jean Joseph Charles Blanc (29 October 1811 – 6 December 1882) was a French politician and historian.

He is famous for helping the development of socialism in France.

1811 births
1882 deaths
French politicians
French historians
French socialists
French essayists
French Roman Catholics
People from Madrid
2058 (MMLVIII) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events
 The 2058 Winter Olympics will be held.

2058
Years in the future
2059 (MMLIX) will be .

Fictional events
 The anime Macross Frontier takes place in 2059.
 "The Waters of Mars" episode of Doctor Who takes place in 2059.

2059
Years in the future
2060 (MMLX) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events

Date unknown
 2060 Summer Olympics will be held.

2060
Years in the future
2062 (MMLXII) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events
 The 2062 Winter Olympics will be held.

2062
Years in the future
2061 (MMLXI) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events

 Halley's Comet will get as close as it can to the Sun. This is known as perihelion. It last happened in 1986.

2061
Years in the future
2063 (MMLXIII) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events
 November 22: 100th anniversary of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
 November 23: 100th anniversary of the first serial of Doctor Who.
 The worlds Oil supply is predicted to run out by this year

2063
Years in the future
2064 (MMLXIV) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events

Date unknown
 2064 Summer Olympics will be held.

2064
Years in the future
2065 (MMLXV) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events

 November 22: Venus occults Jupiter, the first occultation involving two planets since January 3, 1818. The next one will happen less than two years later, on July 15, 2067 (when Mercury occults Neptune).

2065
Years in the future
2066 (MMLXVI) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events
 The 2066 Winter Olympics will be held.

2066
Years in the future
2067 (MMLXVII) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events
 February 15: If copyright law doesn't change, all sound recordings fixed before February 15, 1972 will enter the public domain in the U.S.

References

2067
Years in the future
2068 (MMLXIIX) will be .

Events 
 2068 Summer Olympics will be held.
 A time capsule at the Helium Centennial Time Columns Monument will be reopened, 100 years after it was locked.
 Asteroid 99942 Apophis has a tiny chance of hitting earth on April 12, 2068.

2068
Years in the future
In Marxism, the Lumpenproletariat ("rag-proletariat" in German) is class of people who are at lowest level of society and do not have class consciousness (awareness about their place in the class struggle). Generally they are unemployable or are criminals.

Some left-wing activists believe that the lumpenproletariat the "most exploited" class of people and therefore the most revolutionary, but others think that they cannot be organized into revolutionary forces and are more likely to be paid agents who are hired to stop revolution.

References

Marxism
Social groups
Evermore (styled in lowercase) is the ninth studio album by American recording artist Taylor Swift. It was released on December 11, 2020, as a "sister" album to her previous record, Folklore, which was released just a few months prior. It was produced by Swift, Aaron Dessner, Bryce Dessner, and Jack Antonoff.

Evermore became Swift's seventh US number-one album, earning 329,000 units there in its first week. Its lead single, "Willow", became her seventh Billboard Hot 100 number-one song. Its music video was released the same day as the album.

References 

Notes

2020 albums
Taylor Swift
A forced marriage is a marriage which happens against the will of one or both partners. A forced marriage is different from an arranged marriage: In an arranged marriage, the parents or other third parties will help finding a suitable partner.

International human rights law including International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights also prohibit unfree marriage without consent of each person.

Notes

Related pages 
Child marriage
Violence against women
Marriage
According to Marxism, society is made up of the base (substructure) and the superstructure. These two parts influence each other.

Base and superstructure

Base
The base (economy) is made up of the means of production (such as land, factories, raw materials) and the relations of production, or the social relations people enter in order to survive (such as being an employer or an employee or what social class someone is part of).

Superstructure
The superstructure (ideology) is made up of the non-material things (such as institutions, laws, religion, culture) that make up society and shape how people think about themselves and their place in the world. The superstructure shows the interests of the ruling class.

Relationship 
The base shapes the superstructure. The superstructure defends how the base operates. For example, in capitalism, schools teach students why capitalism is good and how to participate in a capitalist economy.

The base and the superstructure need each other to exist. They also change over time.

References 

Marxism
Society
The 27th century will begin on January 1, 2601 and will end on December 31, 2700.

3rd millennium
Centuries
Jakku is a desert planet from Star Wars. The planet first appeared in Star Wars: The Force Awakens, the first installment in the Star Wars sequel trilogy. Jakku is very sparsely populated because of its harsh climate. After the Battle of Endor, Jakku was the sight of a big battle between the remaining Imperial fleet and the newly formed New Republic fleet. As soldiers fought each other in the desert and dogfights took place above, the large cruisers from the fleets started to drag each other to the surface of the planet with their tractor beams. Ships crashed to surface causing a "graveyard" of ships to form. The Republic fleet won the battle and the remaining Imperial forces fled into the unknown regions of the galaxy. Rey Skywalker is from Jakku and helped Finn escape the planet with BB-8 after the First Order massacred a village and started to look for Finn, after he deserted. A year later the people of Jakku rose up against the First Order as part of a galaxy wide rebellion after the Battle of Exegol in Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker.

References

Star Wars planets
Papurana is a genus of frogs in the family Ranidae, "true frogs." They live in New Guinea, some islands near New Guinea, and in northern Australia. Papurana daemeli is the only frog in Ranidae that lives in Australia.

Taxonomy
Scientists first named Papurana as a subgenus of Rana. At times, they have said it was a subgenus of Hylarana. In 2015, Oliver and colleagues looked at Hylarana closely and said it should have only a few species in it.  They said Papurana should be its own genus.

Description
Papurana frogs have a mask mark behind their eyes, their body shape, strong wavy stripes on the backs of their thighs, and either no dorsolateral folds or very thin folds, with rough spots. The back is evenly roughened to warty and sometimes has small spikes. The frogs are medium to very large in size. Male frogs have paired, external organs for making sounds.

Species
There are 18 species:

Papurana elberti, Papurana florensis, and Papurana moluccana are only provisionally allocated to Papurana, meaning scientists want to collect more data on their bodies and genes before deciding.

References

Frogs
Animals of Australia
Animals of Oceania
Trandoshans were a reptilian like species from Star Wars. They hail from the planet Trandosha and have a keen sense of smell. Trandoshans are a warlike species and have a natural rivalry with the neighboring Wookiees often hunting them. The most well known Trandoshan is the bounty hunter Bossk who has appeared in multiple Star Wars films and other media.

References

Star Wars species
Munster Technological University () or MTU is a technological university (TU). It is in Cork and Tralee in Ireland. It was opened on 1 January 2021.

Both institutes of technology, Cork Institute of Technology and IT Tralee were merged to make MTU.

References

21st-century establishments in the Republic of Ireland
2021 establishments in Europe
Colleges and universities in Europe
Buildings and structures in Ireland
Aaron Neville (born January 24, 1941) is an American R&B and soul music singer. He has had four platinum studio albums and four Top 10 hits in the United States. Three songs hit #1 on the Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart.

Neville is the uncle of Fox News and television personality Arthel Neville.

Neville was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.

References

1941 births
African-American singers
American R&B musicians
American soul musicians
Singers from New Orleans, Louisiana
Living people
Constance June Meador (also known as Connie Smith; born August 14, 1941) is an American singer. Her contralto vocals have been described by music writers as significant and influential to the women of country music. A similarity has been noted between her vocal style and that of Patsy Cline.

Smith was discovered in 1963. She signed with RCA Victor Records in 1964. She remained with the label until 1973. Her first single "Once a Day" hit #1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in November 1964. It was at the top position for eight weeks. "Once a Day" became Smith's biggest hit.

Smith was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Best Female Country Vocal Performance.

Smith's success continued with another 19 top-ten hits during the 1960s and 1970s. Those included "Ain't Had No Lovin'", "Cincinnati, Ohio" and "I Never Once Stopped Loving You."

Smith was nominated for eleven Grammy Awards.

Smith was born in Elkhart, Indiana. She later lived in West Virginia and Ohio.

Awards, nominations and honors 
Smith has won two awards from both Billboard Magazine and Cash Box. Besides her nominations from music magazines, she has been nominated for 11 Grammy Awards, one award from the Academy of Country Music, and three awards from the Country Music Association, as well as several nominations from the fan-voted Music City News Awards including one win.

References

1941 births
Singers from Indiana
Singers from Cincinnati, Ohio
Singers from West Virginia
American country singers
Living people
People from Elkhart, Indiana
Dušan Jovanović (1 October 1939 — 31 December 2020) was a Slovene theatre director, playwright and essayist. He was  known for his experimental satirical theatre. In 2005, he became president of the Prešeren Foundation.

Jovanović died on 31 December 2020 at aged 81.

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
Slovenian people
Theatre directors
Playwrights
Essayists
Joseph M. Neal Jr. (July 28, 1935 – December 31, 2020) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the Nevada Senate from 1973 to 2004. He was the first African-American state senator in Nevada. He was Minority Floor leader in 1989 and as President pro tempore in 1991. Neal was born in Mound, Louisiana.

Neal died on December 31, 2020 at the age of 85.

References

1935 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Louisiana
Politicians from Nevada
US Democratic Party politicians
Mound is a village in Madison Parish, Louisiana, United States. Twelve people lived here at the 2000 census.  Its ZIP Code is 71282.

References

Villages in Louisiana
Stephanie Beacham (born 28 February 1947) is an English theatre, television, radio and movie actress. She is known for her television roles in the BBC drama Tenko. She played Sable Colby in the ABC soap operas The Colbys (1985) and Dynasty (1985 and in 1988-89).

Beacham's movie appearances include Troop Beverly Hills (1989). 

Beacham began appearing on British television in 1967. She began movies three years later.

Beacham was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her role in Sister Kate on NBC (1989-90).

Beacham later played Maria Callas onstage in a 2010 UK touring production of the play Master Class.

Beckham was born in London.

References

1947 births
English television actors
English stage actors
English radio actors
English movie actors
Actors from London
Living people
Augustus Benton "Ben" Chafin Jr. (May 18, 1960 – January 1, 2021) was an American lawyer, farmer, and politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was born in Abingdon, Virginia. In 2014, he was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates. From 2014 until his death, he was a member of the State Senate.

Chafin died on January 1, 2021 at a hospital in Richmond, Virginia from problems caused by COVID-19 at the age of 60.

References

1960 births
2021 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Virginia
US Republican Party politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Isolation is often used to get more power over a person. This power is then used for abuse.  Isolating the victim from the outside world is important to get  psychological control over the victim. Isolation reduces the opportunity of the victim to be rescued. It will also make the victim more dependent on the abuser.

This includes controlling a persons social activity: the people they see, the people they talk to, and the places they visit. Sometimes it also includes controlling the material they read. It can also include wanting to know where the victim is. Very often, a victim has to get permission to get medical treatment.

Isolation is often combined with other forms of abuse:

 Economic abuse: Controlling the victim's access to money, or to a job, so that they do not have the economic resources to resist abuse
 Smearing or discrediting the victim in their community, so that this community will no longer help
 divide and conquer
 gaslighting and mind control

Cults often use these techniques.

Psychology
Divide and conquer, also called divide and rule, is a strategy to gain and maintain power. This is done by breaking up bigger groups into smaller ones, the smaller groups are easier to control. The original Latin phrase is divide et impera (which translates as 'divide and command').

Politics
Scott Leo "Taye" Diggs (born January 2, 1971) is an American actor and singer. He acted in Broadway musicals Rent and Hedwig and the Angry Inch. He acted in the movies How Stella Got Her Groove Back and Brown Sugar.

Diggs was born in Newark, New Jersey. He was raised in Rochester, New York.

References

1971 births
African American actors
American musical theatre actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Newark, New Jersey
Living people
A smear campaign, or smear tactic is an effort to damage or question someone's reputation. It may apply to individuals or groups.

Politics
Sociology
In Marxism, class consciousness is one's awareness (consciousness) of where one belongs in a system of social classes.

According to Marx, there are two classes in capitalism. They are the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The bourgeoisie take advantage of the proletariat and control the means of production. The proletariat class has more people than the bourgeoisie but do not own the means of production. The proletariat are usually workers.

According to Marxism, many members of the proletariat class have false consciousness. That means they usually think about themselves and are not aware of the class struggle going on in society or how the proletariat is being hurt by the bourgeoisie. An example of false consciousness would be the idea of the American Dream.

When enough members of the proletariat have class consciousness, they will be able to unite and overthrow the capitalist system.

References

Marxism
Society
Carlos Andrés Escudé Carvajal (10 August 1948 – 1 January 2021) was an Argentine political scientist and author. He was special advisor to foreign minister Guido di Tella. He was born in Buenos Aires. He was a visiting professor at Harvard University. 

Escudé died on 1 January 2021 in Buenos Aires from COVID-19 at aged 72.

References

1948 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina
Academics
Writers from Buenos Aires
Bernard Guignedoux (31 January 1947 – 1 January 2021) was a French footballer and manager. He was the first player in Paris Saint-Germain to score a goal in the team's history.

Death
In April 2020, Guignedoux was hospitalised for a "serious illness". He died on 1 January 2021, at the age of 73.

Career statistics

References

1947 births
2021 deaths
French footballers
French football managers
Saint-Germain-en-Laye () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France.

References

Communes in Yvelines
Subprefectures in France
The June 1962 Alcatraz escape  was a prison escape from Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary in San Francisco Bay. Inmates Frank Morris and brothers John and Clarence Anglin were the ones who escaped from the prison. The three men were able to escape from their cells and leave the island in a raft.

However it is unknown if Morris and the Aglin brothers escaped alive or drowned to death. The inmates who escaped created fake heads to trick the guards into thinking they were asleep in their cells. They also made a raft to escape.

In 1979, the FBI officially closed its investigation, saying that the men drowned in San Francisco Bay, while trying to reach land. However, the United States Marshals Service has continued to keep the escapees on its wanted list as many people reported to have seen them in Florida, Maryland and even Brazil.

References

1960s crimes
Crime in California
June events
1962 in the United States
1960s in California
San Francisco Bay Area
Josie Loren Lopez (born March 19, 1987) known professionally as Josie Loren, is an American actress. She played Kaylie Cruz in the ABC Family series Make It or Break It, and as FBI Agent Michelle Vega in the TV series The Mentalist.

References

1987 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Miami, Florida
Thomas Patrick Lennon (born August 9, 1970) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer, director and novelist. He played Lieutenant Jim Dangle on the Comedy Central series Reno 911! and Felix Unger on the CBS series The Odd Couple. He also wrote the screenplay for Night at the Museum, The Pacifier, Balls of Fury, and Baywatch.

References

1970 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American novelists
American television producers
American television directors
Comedians from Illinois
Screenwriters from Illinois
Actors from Illinois
People from Oak Park, Illinois
Daniel Dumile ( ; 13 July 1971 – 31 October 2020) was a British-American rapper, songwriter and record producer. He was born in London. His career began in 1988. He worked with Madlib and the two made a duo known as Madvillain. Their album Madvillainy is well known.

Dumile died on 31 October 2020, aged 49. His death was announced two months later on 31 December by his wife.

Notes

References

1971 births
2020 deaths
British rap musicians
American rap musicians
British songwriters
American songwriters
Record producers
Businesspeople from London
Writers from London
Musicians from London
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Laurence Everett Pope II (September 24, 1945 – October 31, 2020) was an American politician. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut. Pope worked for US Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama as a diplomat. From 1993 to 1996, Pope was the Ambassador to Chad. In 2000, President Clinton nominated him to be Ambassador to Kuwait but Pope was not confirmed by the United States Senate.

Pope was a special envoy to Libya from October 11, 2012 until January 4, 2013 during the aftermath of the 2012 Benghazi attack.

Pope died on October 31, 2020 at his home in Portland, Maine from cardiac arrest caused by pancreatic cancer, aged 75.

References

1945 births
2020 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States
Politicians from New Haven, Connecticut
US Democratic Party politicians
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in the United States
Marco Formentini (14 April 1930 – 2 January 2021) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Northern League, then for the Democrats and finally for The Daisy. He was born in La Spezia, Italy.

He was a member of the Italian parliament from 1992 to 1993. He later was a member of the European Parliament from 1994 to 2004. From 1993 to 1997, Formentini was Mayor of Milan.

Formentini died on 2 January 2020 in Milan, aged 90.

References

1930 births
2021 deaths
MEPs for Italy
Former MEPs
Mayors
People from Milan
Yuri Vasilyevich Saukh () (September 14, 1951 – January 2, 2021) was a Soviet football player and Russian coach and manager. He played for the Soviet Union national football team in 1976. 

His playing career lasted from 1970 to 1981. He played for Rotor Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, CSKA Moscow, Lokomotiv Moscow and Dynamo Stavropol.

His managing career lasted from 2003 to 2007 where he managed for Reutov and Luch-Energiya Vladivostok.

Saukh died on January 2, 2021 at the age of 69.

References

1951 births
2021 deaths
Soviet sportspeople
Russian footballers
Russian football managers
Michael McKevitt (4 September 1949 – 2 January 2021) was an Irish republican paramilitary leader. He was the Provisional Irish Republican Army's Quartermaster General. In 1997, he created the Real Irish Republican Army, a splinter group, in protest at the PIRA's ceasefire that year. He was in charge of the RIRA during the Omagh bombing of 1998. In 2003 in Dublin, he was convicted of directing terrorism as its leader. He was also convicted of membership of an illegal organisation. He was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. He was released in 2016. 

McKevitt was born in County Louth, Republic of Ireland. He was married to Bernadette Sands McKevitt, a sister of furniture shop bomber, hunger striker and member of parliament Bobby Sands. McKevitt died on 2 January 2021 from cancer, aged 71.

References

1949 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from cancer
Irish Republican Army
People from County Louth
Political activists
Provisional Irish Republican Army
Terrorists
The Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media () is the senior minister at the Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media in the Government of Ireland.

The current minister is Catherine Martin, TD.

References

Government ministers
Government of the Republic of Ireland
The Department of Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth () is a department of the Government of Ireland. It is led by the Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth.

The official headquarters and ministerial offices of the department are on Baggot Street, Dublin 2.

References

Ireland
The Labour Party (, literally "Party of the Working People") is a social democratic political party in the Republic of Ireland. It was founded on 28 May 1912 in Clonmel, County Tipperary, by James Connolly, James Larkin and William O'Brien.

The party was a part of the Irish Trades Union Congress. It was known as the "democratic socialist party" in its creation.

References

20th-century establishments in the Republic of Ireland
1912 establishments in Europe
Political parties in Europe
Politics of Ireland
Dustin John Higgs (March 10, 1972 – January 16, 2021) was an American murderer. He was born in Poughkeepsie, New York. Higgs was sentenced to death for the murders of three young women in Maryland.

The main controversy about Higgs's case was that Higgs did not personally kill any of the three victims. The man who fatally shot all three women to death, Willis Mark Haynes, was sentenced to life plus 45 years, while Higgs, who was in a vehicle when the killings took place, received a death sentence. 

It was argued that although Higgs did not kill anyone, he was the person in charge, and not only ordered Haynes to kill the women but bullied him into it.

Higgs was scheduled for execution by lethal injection on January 15, 2021. He was executed on January 16 at the USP Terre Haute in Terre Haute, Indiana at the age of 48.

References

1972 births
2021 deaths
African-American people
American people executed for murder
Criminals from New York
People executed by lethal injection
People from Poughkeepsie, New York
2069 (MMLXIX) will be .

Fictional events
The video game Syndicate is set in this year.

2069
Years in the future
The Universidad Nacional de Colombia or National University of Columbia was established in 1867.  It is in Bogota, Colombia.

References

Other websites
National University of Colombia

1867 establishments
Colleges and universities
The Busby Babes was a nickname given to a group of association football players that played for . The players with this nickname were recruited by Manchester United's chief scout Joe Armstrong and assistant manager Jimmy Murphy, and would be progressed to the first team by manager Matt Busby. The term was commonly used for players who joined the Manchester United academy during the 1940s and 1950s.

History

The term was first used in 1951 by Manchester Evening News journalist Tom Jackson. The term was commonly used to refer to the players that won the 1955–56 and the 1956–57 Football League First Division titles.

Eight of the players, being Roger Byrne (28), Eddie Colman (21), Mark Jones (24), Duncan Edwards (21), Billy Whelan (22), Tommy Taylor (26), David Pegg (22), and Geoff Bent (25) would die after the Munich air disaster.Jackie Blanchflower (24 at the time of the crash), and Johnny Berry (31 at the time of the crash) would survive the disaster, but they would be unable to play again.

The last player Matt Busby would sign was Sammy McIlroy in 1969. He was known as "The last of the Busby Babes"

References

Names
Association football
Cree Cicchino (born 9 May 2002) is an American actor. She began her career as a child actor playing one of the lead roles, Babe, on the Nickelodeon comedy television show Game Shakers. She then went on to play Marisol Fuentes on the Netflix comedy television show  Mr. Iglesias, and to play Mim in the 2020 Netflix movie The Sleepover.

References 

2002 births
Actors from New York City
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Madisyn Shipman (born November 20, 2002) is an American actress. She played Kenzie Bell in the Nickelodeon sitcom Game Shakers.

References 

2002 births
American child actors
American models
American movie actors
American television actors
Living people
Jace Lee Norman (born March 21, 2000) is an American actor. He played Henry Hart in the Nickelodeon television show Henry Danger.

Early and personal life 
Jace Norman was born in Corrales, New Mexico. He has an older brother and an older sister.

References 

2000 births
Living people
Actors from New Mexico
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Participants in American reality television series
Cass Timberlane is a 1947 American romantic drama movie directed by George Sidney and was based on the 1945 novel of the same name by Sinclair Lewis. It stars Spencer Tracy, Lana Turner, Zachary Scott, Tom Drake, Mary Astor, Albert Dekker, Margaret Lindsay, Josephine Hutchinson, Frank Wilcox and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Other websites
 
 

1947 romance movies
1947 drama movies
1940s romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies based on books
MGM movies
Movies directed by George Sidney
The Azusa Street Revival was a revival meeting that took place on April the 14th in 1906. William J. Seymour had led it - he was an African-American preacher. This meeting was historic because it played an important role in the spread of Pentecostalism in the 20th century.

History of Los Angeles
Pentecostalism
The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the legislature of Pennsylvannia. It has two parts: the Pennsylvania House of Representatives (lower house) and the Pennsylvania State Senate (upper house). Before this legislature started, there was the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly. This was unicameral, which means it had only one house. It has been called the general assembly since 1776, and has been bicameral (has two houses) since 1791.

Both houses meet in the Pennsylvania State Capitol in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. They are both controlled by the Republican Party as of 2020.

Leadership

Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Speaker of the House of Representatives: Bryan Cutler (R)

Pennsylvania State Senate
President pro tem of the Senate: Jake Corman (R)

References

State legislatures of the United States
Pennsylvania
São José do Rio Preto () is a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The city is in the north/northwest part of the state, 440 km (273 mi) from the city of São Paulo and 700 km (435 mi) from Brasília. 456,245 people lived here, making it the 36th biggest in Brazil.

References

Cities in São Paulo (state)
The Dalat frog, Banna frog, Millet's forestfrog or Millet's frog (Papurana milleti) is a frog from Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia.  Scientists think it might also live in Laos.

References

Animals of Oceania
Frogs
The Knight Capital Group is an American global financial services firm engaging in market making, electronic execution, and institutional sales and trading. With its high-frequency trading algorithms Knight was the largest trader in U.S. equities, with a market share of 17.3% on NYSE and 16.9% on NASDAQ.

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