cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
This is a list of major cities and towns in Bangladesh.

Municipal areas

Barisal Division
Towns in Barisal Division:
 Barguna
 Barisal
 Bhola
 Jhalokati
 Patuakhali
 Pirojpur

Chittagong Division
Towns in Chittagong Division, except for the city of Chittagong:
 Bandarban
 Brahmanbaria
 Chandpur
 Chittagong
 Comilla
 Cox's Bazar
 Feni
 Khagrachhari
 Lakshmipur
 Noakhali
 Rangamati

Dhaka Division
Towns in Dhaka Division:
 Achra, Bangladesh
 Dhaka
 Faridpur Sadar
 Jamalpur
 Kishoreganj
 Manikganj
 Maradipur
 Munshiganj
 Mymensingh
 Narayanganj
 Narsingdi
 Netrokona
 Noakhali
 Rajbari
 Shariatpur
 Sherpur
 Tangail
 Tongi

Khulna Division
Towns in Khulna Division, except for the city of Khulna:
 Bagherhat
 Chuadanga
 Jessore
 Jhenaidah
 Kushtia
 Magura
 Meherpur
 Narail
 Shatkhira

Rajshahi Division
Towns in Rajshahi Division: 
 Bogra
 Joypurhat
 Naogaon
 Natore
 Nawabganj
 Pabna
 Rajshahi
 Sirajganj

Rangpur Division
Towns in Rangpur Division:
 Saidpur
 Dinajpur
 Gaibandha
 Kurigram
 Lalmonirhat
 Nilphamari
 Panchagarh
 Rangpur
 Thakurgaon

Sylhet Division
Towns in Sylhet Division:
 Habiganj
 Maulvibazar
 Sunamganj
 Sylhet

Metropolitical areas

Bangladesh
This is a list of cities, towns and villages in Barbados.

Christ Church

Saint Andrew

Saint George

Saint James

Saint John

Saint Joseph

Saint Lucy

Saint Michael

Saint Peter

Saint Philip

Saint Thomas 

Barbados
Barbados
The following is a list of cities in Benin:

10 largest cities
Cotonou - 818,100
Porto Novo - 234,300
Parakou - 227,900
Djougou - 206,500
Bohicon - 164,700
Kandi - 149,900
Abomey - 126,800
Natitingou - 119,900
Lokossa - 111,000
Ouidah - 97,000

Benin
Benin
The following is a list of cities and towns in Botswana with population of over 3,000 citizens. State capitals are shown in boldface.

References

Botswana
Geography of Botswana
University College Cork – National University of Ireland, Cork (UCC) is one of the most famous universities in Ireland, alongside Trinity College Dublin. UCC offers many different courses and degrees such as medicine, law and languages. The University is very close to the centre of Cork City.

References

Colleges and universities in Europe
Cork (city)
1845 establishments in Europe
1840s establishments in the United Kingdom
19th-century establishments in the Republic of Ireland
Trevor James Morgan (born 30 September 1956) is a British professional athlete and coach.  He is best known as an Association football or soccer player.

Since 2010, he has been the coach at East Bengal F.C..

References

Other websites
 Soccerbase.com,  Trevor Morgan
 Newcastlefans.com, Trevor Morgan 

1956 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
Sportspeople from London
People from the London Borough of Newham
The List of World Heritage Sites in India is a group of places chosen by UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

History
UNESCO was created for the "conservation and protection of the world’s inheritance of books, works of art and monuments of history and science". The constitution of UNESCO was ratified in 1946 by 26 countries.

India agreed to take part in the World Heritage Convention in 1977.

List
The World Heritage Site (WHS) list has developed over time.  It is part of a process; and the list continues to grow.

As of 2020, there are 38 WHS places in India.
 30 cultural sites  
 7 natural sites
And one composite.
There are 48 sites which are on a tentative list.

Table

Tentative list
The Tentative List consists of sites which have been nominated.  The evaluation process is not yet completed.

 Buddhist Monastery Complex, Alchi, Leh, known as Alchi Chos-kor
 Golconda Fort, Hyderbad, Telangana
 Dholavira: a Harappan City, Gujarat, Disstt, Kachchh
 Mattanchery Palace, Ernakulam, Kerala
 Tomb of Sher Shah Suri, Sasaram, Bihar
 Group of Monuments at Mandu, Madhya Pradesh
 Ancient Buddhist Site, Sarnath, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
 Hemis Gompa
 Sri Harimandir Sahib, Amritsar, Punjab 
 River Island of Majuli in midstream of Brahmaputra River in Assam
 Namdapha National Park
 Wild Ass Sanctuary, Little Rann of Kutch
 Kangchendzonga National Park
 Urban and Architectural Work of Le Corbusier in Chandigarh
 The Matheran Light Railway (extension to the Mountain Railways of India)
 The Kangra Valley Railway - Extension to the Mountain Railways of India
 Churchgate - Extension to Mumbai CST
 The Maharaja Railways of India
 Oak Grove School
 Excavated Remains at Nalanda
 Great Himalayan National Park
 Bhitarkanika Conservation Area
 Neora Valley National Park
 Desert National Park
 Silk Road Sites in India
 Santiniketan
 The Qutb Shahi Monuments of Hyderabad Golconda Fort, Qutb Shahi Tombs, Charminar 
 Mughal Gardens in Kashmir
 Hill Forts of Rajasthan
 Historic city of Ahmadabad
 The Victorian & Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai
 Delhi - A Heritage City
 Amaravathi-Andhra Pradesh

Related pages
World Heritage Committee
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Table of World Heritage Sites by country
List of World Heritage Sites in Asia

References

Other websites

  Indian National Commission for Cooperation with UNESCO 
  List of biosphere reserves which are wholly or partially world heritage sites

India
Crotalus ruber (commonly known as the red diamond rattleback) is a species of venomous Pit vipers. There are currently three subspecies found.

Description
The Red Diamond Rattlesnake is a large species of Rattlesnake. It usually grows up to the length of 100 centimeters (39 in), but some males can grow up to the length of 140 centimeters (55 in). The largest ever found was 162 centimeters (64 in) long. Its pattern is similar to the "Western Diamondback Rattlesnake", but the Red Diamond Rattlesnake has more of a reddish color on it.

Common Names
This snake has many names like the "Red Rattlesnake", the "Red Rattler", the "Red Diamond-backed Rattlesnake", and the "Western Diamond Rattlesnake".

Where it lives
The Red Diamond Rattlesnake lives mainly in deserts and on mountains in Southwestern California, U.S.A, northeastern Baja California, Mexico, and islands in the Gulf of California like Angel de la Guarda, San Macros and Monserrate.

Diet
It eats mainly rabbits, ground squirrels, and birds, but sometimes they eat lizards and other snakes.

Reproduction
Red Diamond Rattlesnakes mate in February and April. Females have their babies in August; they have around 3 to 20 babies at a time. The babies are born 30 to 34 cm long.

References

Other websites

 
 Crotalus exsul (=Crotalus ruber) Red Diamond Rattlesnake at San Diego Museum of Natural History. Accessed 7 February 2007.

Vipers
The 2012-13 Premier League will be the 21st season of the English Premier League, England's top football league. The season will start on August 18, 2012 and end on May 19, 2013. The defending champions are Manchester City.

Teams

Related pages
 English Premier League

References

Premier League
2013 in association football
2012 in association football
Diogenes Laërtius was a historian. He wrote a history of Greek philosophy, in ten volumes. Very little is known about him as a person. Probably he lived in the 3rd century BC. The last philiosopher found in this work is a student of Sextus Empiricus. Sextus Empiricus lived in the 2nd century. Diogenes Laertius does not list many Roman philiosphers. He also does not talk about Middle Platonism, which must have been popular during that time.

Ancient Greek philosophers
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
The Gendarmenmarkt is a square in Berlin, and the site of the Konzerthaus and the French Cathedral and German Cathedrals. The centre of the Gendarmenmarkt is crowned by a statue of Germany's poet Friedrich Schiller. The square was created by Johann Arnold Nering at the end of the seventeenth century as the Linden-Markt and reconstructed by Georg Christian Unger in 1773. The Gendarmenmarkt is named after the Prussian regiment Gens d'Armes.

During World War II, most of the buildings were badly damaged or destroyed. Today all the buildings are restored to their former state.  

The Gendarmenmarkt hosts one of Berlin's most popular Christmas markets.

Other websites

Website of das Konzerthaus
Der Gendarmenmarkt on Berlin Tourism 
Gendarmenmarkt Panorama

Berlin
Prussia
Town squares
David James Stuart Mitchell (born 14 July 1974) is a British actor, comedian, television personality and writer. He stars in Would I Lie to You?, Peep Show and That Mitchell and Webb Look. He often works with Robert Webb. He also writes articles for The Observer and The Guardian.

Mitchell was born in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. His mother is Welsh and his father is of Scottish ancestry. The family moved to Oxford during his late childhood. He studied history at Peterhouse, Cambridge. He married Victoria Coren on 17 November 2012 in Belsize Park, North London. The couple's daughter was born in May 2015.

References

Other websites

 

1974 births
Living people
Actors from Oxfordshire
Actors from Wiltshire
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British comedians
British movie actors
British television actors
British television personalities
British television writers
British voice actors
People from Salisbury
Writers from Wiltshire
Danish people or Danes are the nation and ethnic group that is born in Denmark, and who speak Danish. There is also a Danish minority in Southern Schleswig.

The first mention of Danes within the Danish territory is on the Jelling Rune Stone which mentions how Harald Bluetooth converted the Danes to Christianity in the 10th century. Denmark has been continuously inhabited since this period and although much cultural and ethnic influence and immigration from all over the world has entered Denmark since then, Danes tend to see themselves as ethnic descendents of the early Danes mentioned in the sources.

Demography

According to the Danish statistics institute, approximately five million people of Danish origin live in Denmark today. In this context "Danish origin" is defined as being born to parents who are Danish citizens, and the number is arrived at by subtracting from the total population (5,564,249) those who are born abroad to non-citizens who are themselves born abroad (called immigrants), and those who are born in Denmark to parents who are either immigrants or who have foreign citizenship.

Danish citizenship is granted to anyone who has one parent of Danish citizenship, whether the child is born in or outside of Denmark. Citizens of Greenland and the Faroe islands are considered Danish citizens for all purposes. Those who do not achieve Danish citizenship by birth (or by Adoption) can only receive Danish citizenship through decree of law. Danish citizenship is automatically lost if one applies for foreign citizenship or when a 22 year old child of Danish citizens has never lived in Denmark and has not formally applied for Danish citizenship.

Related pages
 Danelaw
 Viking Age

References

Germanic peoples
The Basketball Diaries is a 1995 American independent biographical crime drama movie directed by Scott Kalvert. It stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Mark Wahlberg and Lorraine Bracco and is set in New York City. This drama is based around an autobiographical novel by the same name, written by Jim Carroll. The Basketball Diaries is about addiction to drugs.

Other websites 

1995 crime movies
1995 drama movies
1990s biographical movies
1990s crime drama movies
1990s teen drama movies
American biographical movies
American crime drama movies
American sports drama movies
American teen drama movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies about prostitution
Movies based on books
Movies set in New York City
American independent movies
Sports in India are a part of Indian culture.

India has many traditional sports such as kabbadi, kho kho, pehlwani, and gilli-danda. Also, there are sports which were imported from the West such as football, rugby union, cricket, golf, tennis, squash, hockey, Javelin throw, boxing, snooker, and billiards.  Sports are popular with both participants and onlookers.

History
The history of traditional sports is ancient.

In general, the most popular sports in modern India are the ones which do not include bodily contact.  For example, cricket is the most important sport on television.

In the regions of Bengal and Kerala, Association football is very popular.

India has hosted international sporting events, including the 2011 Cricket World Cup.

Olympic Games

Indian athletes have competed in 32 Olympic games in 19 countries. The Indian national team has won gold medals in Summer Olympic Games, including
 1980Field Hockey
 2008Air rifle, 10-meter competition.

Commonwealth Games
India has competed in many Commonwealth Games; and India was the host country to the 2010 Commonwealth Games.

Related pages 
 I-League
India at the Olympics
India national football team

References

Other websites

 Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
 Indian sports venues at WorldStadiums.com
Deir ez-Zor , also spelled Dayr al-Zawr, Der Ezzor, Deir Azzor, and other variants (; , , , Ter Zor), is the 7th largest city in Syria and the largest in the eastern part of Syria. It is the capital of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. There were 211,857 people in 2004.  It is on the shores of Euphrates River.  

The city is famous for the Deir ez-Zor suspension bridge across the Euphrates. It was completed in 1927.  The Deir ez-Zor Museum keeps thousands of items collected from nearby archeological sites in Northern Mesopotamia. Main campuses of Al-Furat University and Al-Jazeera University are also there.

References

Cities in Syria
Shaffer Chimere Smith (born on October 18, 1979 in Camden, Arkansas), better known as Ne-Yo, is a Grammy Award-winning American singer who sings R&B. In 2004 he wrote "Let Me Love You" for Mario. It was number one in the Billboard Hot 100 for nine weeks. After this, Def Jam Recordings signed him. His debut album, In My Own Words, was released during 2006. Other albums then followed. In 2009, Billboard ranked him as the 57th Artist of the 2000s decade.

He is known for songs like "So Sick", "When You're Mad", "Closer", "Miss Independent", "Let's Go" and "Give Me Everything".  The first and last song both reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100.

Albums 

 In My Own Words (2006)
 Because of You (2007)
 Year of the Gentleman (2008)
 Libra Scale (2010)
 R.E.D. (2012)
 Non-Fiction (2013)

Grammy Awards

References

1979 births
American R&B musicians
African-American singers
Musicians from Arkansas
Living people
DDT (or ДДТ in Cyrillic) is a popular Russian rock band founded in 1980. The leader is Yuri Shevchuk. It is one of the most successful and famous Russian musical groups.

History
The band was formed in 1980.

Although they never considered themselves political activists, Shevchuk always addresses the problems of his country. DDT always worked as a "non-conformist" group, producing albums and giving concerts throughout the world.

In 1988 DDT made their first visit to the U.S., their concert in Los Angeles was covered by MTV.

In 1992 DDT released the album Spring the Actress. This album contained famous hits, especially "Shto takoe osen'" (What is Autumn), "Dozd'" (Rain) and "Rodina" (Motherland).

In May 1998, the band presented the new album World number zero which contained influences from industrial music and a wide use of computer technologies.

In 2011, DDT released the album Otherwise.

References

Other websites
Official site

Russian musical groups
Musical groups established in 1980
1980s establishments in the Soviet Union
Crotalus oreganus (commonly known as the western rattlesnake) is a species of venomous Pit viper. There are currently six subspecies recognized, not including the nominate subspecies.

Description
The Western Rattlesnake is a large species of the Crotalus.They can reach to the size of 100 centimeters (39 in) in length, but the longest ever found was the size of 162.6 centimeters (64 in). They are usually dark brown, dark gray, or olive brown in color, covered with dark blotches and uneven white edges.

Feeding
The Western Rattlesnake eats mainly rodents like the mouse, the rat, and the squirrel, but it also eats rabbits and small birds.

Common Names
Some of the Western Rattlesnakes names included the "Northern Pacific Rattlesnake", the "Black Diamond Rattlesnake", the "Arizona Diamond Rattlesnake", the "California Rattlesnake", the "Hallowell's Rattlesnake",and the "Oregon Rattlesnake".

Where they live
The Western Rattlesnake is found in North America, from southwestern Canada, western U.S.A, and northern Mexico.In Canada it is found in southern British Columbia. In the U.S.A it is found in Washington, Oregon, western and southern Idaho, California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. In northern Mexico it is found in western Baja California.

Subspecies
 Grand Canyon Rattlesnake, C. o. abyssus
 Coronado Island Rattlesnake, C. o. caliginis
 Arizona Black Rattlesnake, C. o. cerberus
 Midget Faded Rattlesnake, C. o. concolor
 Southern Pacific Rattlesnake, C. o. helleri
 Great Basin Rattlesnake, C. o. lutosus

References

Other websites

 

Vipers
Bharata Natyam or bharatanatyam, is an Indian classical dance.

Both male and female dancers perform this dance. The classical Indian story-dance can be used to express a complex range of emotions which respond to the actions of the male heroes.

This classical Indian dance attracts interest and study in India and other parts of the world, including China Europe and North America.

History
Bharata Natyam comes from the state of Tamil Nadu. 

The dance’s origins are recorded in Tamil literary texts of the sixth century BC. It was revived in the late 18th century and again in the early 20th century.

Etymology & History 

(The etymology in #1 below for "Bharata" is spurious.  It only makes sense with the English spelling/pronunciation of "Bha", "Ra", and "Ta", which would be "Bhā-rā-tā.  The actual pronunciation is Bhə-rə-tə which does not make for a good story).

The name was invented in the twentieth century by the great dancer Rukmini Devi and others.  It is supposed to indicate that this style was the original style described in a book on Natya by the sage Bharata, i.e. "Bharata's Dance".  The text describes poses but in the absence of illustration, the exact poses had to be re-imagined -- the quality of this re-imagination is a tribute to the intellectual and aesthetic abilities of Rukmini Devi and her teachers, but there is no other link between Bharatanatyam now and the dances described in ancient Tamil texts.

The re-imagined dance form was largely based on Sadir-attam, the dances performed by temple devavdasis, whose status had fallen over many centuries and under British non-comprehension of its cultural roots.  Sadir-attam itself was the name given to the dance during its eighteenth century revival under the sponsorship of Raja Serfoji of Tanjore.

The knowledge of the ancient dance was maintained by the caste of devadasis, but as an oral and terpsichorean tradition, without writing.  As such, documentation of the historic relationship between those dances and contemporary Bharatanatyam is scant.

References

Other websites
  Indo-American Arts Council 
 Johns Hopkins,  Bharatanatyam and Mohiniyattam – Classical Dances of South India 

Dance in India
Tamil culture
Stanley Peak is a 3,155 m high mountain (10,335 ft) located in the Ball Range, at the northeastern section of Kootenay National Park, in Canadian Rocky Mountains (British Columbia / Canada).  

The mountain was named in 1901 by its first climber, the English explorer Edward Whymper, after Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby, the sixth Governor-General of Canada. There are sources that date the namimg in 1912 after Stanley H. Mitchell, Secretary-Treasurer of Alpine Club of Canada.

The peak is visible from the Trans-Canada Highway and Highway 93. Stanley Glacier on the northeast face of the peak can be seen up close by following a hiking trail into a hanging valley between the peak and a southern outlier of Storm Mountain.

Stanley Peak can be ascended from a scrambling route by late summer but involves much route-finding among the many ledges and gullies on the north face. Climbing routes (UIAA III) travel the north and northeast faces.

Other BC peaks 
There are another two peaks in British Columbia called Stanley Peak. One is 2,935 m high, located at the Squamish-Lillooet regional district (), 24 km north-west from Keyhole Falls and 62 km west from Gold Bridge,. 

The other is 2,030 m high, in the Stikine region () (90 km north-west from Skagway, Alaska).

References

Mountains of British Columbia
Geography of British Columbia
Park Yung-hyo or Bak Young-hyo (; 1861 – 21 September 1939) was a politician and independence activist during the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was one of the organizers of the Gapsin coup in 1884. His nickname was Chungo (;), Hyunhyungeosa (;). His real name was Muryang (;). His Japanese name was Yamajaki Eiharu ().

Yeong-hyo was the designer of the national flag of Korea (Taegukki; ;) in 1882. Park was married to Princess Yeonghye. She was the illegitimate daughter of king Chuljong of Joseon, the 25th king of the Joseon dynasty.

Related pages
 Kim Ok-gyun
 Yun Chi-ho

References

Other websites

 Park Yeong-hyo  
 Park Yeong-hyo 
 Park Yeong-hyo:Korean historical person information  
 Park Young-hyo:navercast 

1861 births
1939 deaths
Korean activists
Korean educators
Korean politicians
Autobiographers
Keith Thomas (born in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American record producer and songwriter. He has won several Grammy Awards for songs he wrote. He currently lives in Nashville, Tennessee.

Credits

Other websites 
 http://www.keiththomas.com/
 http://www.levosia.com/

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American record producers
American songwriters
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Atlanta, Georgia
Writers from Atlanta, Georgia
Not to be confused with Single (music)
A promotional recording (or promo), is an audio or video recording that is released for free. They are released to promote a song that will be released through an album. Promos are sent to broadcasters, such as music radios, television stations, tastemakers, DJs, and music journalists. Recording labels perform this for their artist(s) to achieve airplay, positive reviews, and other exposure for fame. 

Promos are often released in plain packaging. This means that a artwork or text may not appear on the cover. Most promos are marked with "Licensed for promotional use only. Sale is prohibited." In some cases, promos may ask the owner to return the promo back to the record label. However, it is not against the law to sell promotional recordings. There has been recalls of promos, but this is rare and not forced by recording labels.

Because promos are released in smaller quantities than CD singles, they are sometimes considered a collectors item. They are never released in record stores. Promotional recordings, in terms of airplay, can chart on the US Hot 100 Airplay and not the Billboard Hot 100 chart. This is because, the promotional recordings are not released physically.

Music industry
The Sinai Peninsula or Sinai ( Sīnā), is a triangular peninsula in Egypt. It is about  in area. It is between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south. It is the only part of Egyptian territory located in Asia. This is because the Sinai is known as a land bridge between the two continents of Africa and Asia. There are approximately 500,000 people living there. Egyptians refer to it as the "Land of Fayrouz", based on the Ancient Egyptian "Dumafkat".

There have been several battles in the region. The Sinai has been under the rule by Egyptian governments, including the Ayyubids, the Mamluks, the Muhammad Ali Dynasty, and the modern Egyptian republic. It was also controlled by the Ottoman Empire, and the United Kingdom from 1882 to 1956. Israel invaded and took over Sinai during the 1956 Suez Crisis (known in Egypt as the Tripartite Aggression) and during the 1967 Six Day War. On October 6, 1973, Egypt began the October War to allow the Sinai to be a free nation.

In 1982, after the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty of 1979, Israel left Sinai. Since Israel's departure, the region became a tourist destination. This was because of its natural setting, their coral reefs, and biblical history. Mount Sinai is a sacred place in Abrahamic religion.

Other websites 

 Guide to Sinai, covering background information on history, flora, fauna, desert, bedouin, safaris and geology of Sinai
 Sinai Local Magazine
 Sinai in ancient Egypt
 Broadcasting videos from Sinai 
 Images of the Sinai Desert

Books 
 Gardner, Ann "At Home in South Sinai" Nomadic Peoples 2000. Vol. 4,Iss. 2; pp. 48–67. Detailed account of Bedouin women
 
 
 

Peninsulas
Geography of Egypt
Gauss's law (or Gauss's flux theorem) is a law of physics. The law is about the relationship between  electric charge and the resulting electric field. In words, Gauss's law states that:

The net electric flux through any closed surface is equal to  times the net electric charge enclosed within that closed surface.

The law was created by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1835. However, it was not published until 1867. It is one of the four Maxwell's equations on classical electrodynamics. The other three are Gauss's law for magnetism, Faraday's law of induction, and Ampère's circuital law.

References

Other websites 
 MIT Video Lecture Series (30 x 50 minute lectures)- Electricity and Magnetism  Taught by Professor Walter Lewin.
section on Gauss's law in an online textbook
MISN-0-132 Gauss's Law for Spherical Symmetry  (PDF file) by Peter Signell for Project PHYSNET.
MISN-0-133 Gauss's Law Applied to Cylindrical and Planar Charge Distributions  (PDF file) by Peter Signell for Project PHYSNET.

Electromagnetism
Laws of physics
Wushu is a sport that is originated from traditional Chinese martial arts. It was created in China after 1949. It was created to nationalize the practice of traditional Chinese martial arts. Most of the competitions had influences of martial arts. This was created by government committees. Wushu has become an international sport through the International Wushu Federation (IWUF). The IWUF holds the World Wushu Championships every two years. The first World Championships were held in 1991 in Beijing.

Competitive wushu is made up of two disciplines:  taolu (套路; forms) and sanda (散打; sparring). Taolu involves martial arts routines. These are judged and given points according to specific rules on quality and difficulty of movements. The movements could be stances, kicks, punches, balances, jumps, sweeps and throws. Competitive forms have time limits that can range from 1 minute, 20 seconds to over five minutes. Modern wushu competitors practice jumping techniques such as 540 and 720 and even 900 degree jumps and kicks.

Sanda (sometimes called sanshou or Lei tai) is a modern fighting method and sport. It was influenced by traditional Chinese boxing, Chinese wrestling and Chinese grappling. Sanda has all the combat features of wushu. Sanda is similar to kickboxing or Muay Thai, but it involves more grappling techniques. Sanda competitions are often held alongside taolu competitions.

References

Books 
 Mastering WUSHU  by Jiang Bangjun and Emilio Alpanseque, .
 Fundamentals of High Performance Wushu: Taolu Jumps and Spins  by Raymond Wu, .
 Kung Fu Elements , Liang, Shou-Yu and Wu, Wen-Ching,

Other websites 

 International Wushu Federation – Official Website
 The Web's Most Comprehensive Wushu Site Covering the Beijing Wushu Team, US Wushu and Wushu in the Olympics. Contains pictures, videos, animation, articles and competition results and resources.
 FM – Wushu  – A list of Techniques and free animated tutorials for Contemporary Wushu Techniques
 What is Wushu  – Contains information about the history of wushu
 http://www.nardis.com/~twchan/liang.html –  Info about the history of wushu

Martial art techniques
Sport in China
World peace is an idea of freedom, peace, and happiness among everyone. World peace is an idea of a world without violence, where nations try to work with each other. World peace could mean equal human rights, technology, free education for everyone, engineering, availability of medicine, diplomats and/or an end to all forms of fighting.

A report in May 2011 on the Global Peace Index, found that if the world had been 25% more peaceful in the previous year, the global economy would have had an additional $2 trillion. This amount would have covered 2% of the GDP per year required  to avoid the worst effects of global warming, cover all costs to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, cancel the public debt held by Greece, Ireland and Portugal, and cover the one-time rebuilding costs for the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

Many religions believe in world peace. The League of Nations and the United Nations were created to make world peace. Many theorists, however, believe that humans were born to be violent and preventing it would not be possible because it is nature. Others have said that criminals do not believe in peace and will continue to commit crimes.

References

Other websites 

 .
 .
 .
 

Peace
Political philosophy
Libertarianism
The Pyramid of the Sun is the largest pyramid in the ancient city of Teotihuacán. Teotihuacán is about  north of the modern-day  Mexico City. The Aztecs named the building Pyramid of the Sun, when they entered the abandoned city of Teotihuacán. The original name of the building is unknown.

Description 
The pyramid has a base length of about , and its current height is .  This makes it the second largest pyramid in pre-Columbian America, after the Great Pyramid of Cholula. Inside Teotihuacán, the pyramid is located between the Pyramid of the Moon and the Ciudadela, on what is called the Avenue of the Dead. It is near a mountain called Cerro Gordo. The pyramid is part of large complex, which is in the middle of the city.

Construction 

The pyramid was constructed in two phases. After completion of the first phase, about 100 AD, the pyramid had reached almost its current height. The second phase consisted in adding an altar and a big statue at the top. Neither the altar nor the statue survive. 

Originally, the pyramid was covered with plates made of calcite, which showed images of animals, such as jaguars, but these plates did not survive. 

The pyramid probably served as a temple to one of the deities of Teotihuacán; but the name of the deity, and the nature of the cult are unknown today. 

Graves of children have been found in the pyramid. It is believed that the children were sacrificed to consecrate the building.

Pyramids
Archaeological sites in Mexico
Mexico (state)
Buildings and structures in Mexico
Gérard Philipe (4 December 1922 – 25 November 1959) was a French actor who appeared in 34 movies between 1944 and 1959.

Career 
Gérard Philipe was born in Cannes, France. He had Czech ancestry from his maternal grandmother. When Philipe was a teenager, he took acting lessons. He done this before going to Paris to study at the Conservatoire of Dramatic Art. When Philipe was 19, he made his stage debut at a theater in Nice. The following year, he performed in the Albert Camus play, Caligula.

Philipe made his movie debut in Les Petites du Quai aux Fleurs (1943). After a few other minor roles, he became famous in his performance in Claude Autant-Lara's Devil in the Flesh (1947). Philipe was popular among women because of his looks. He was also liked by his friends. 

In 1951, Philipe married Nicole Fourcade (1917-1990). She was an actress and writer. They had two children. Fourcade was given the name Anne Philipe. She had also wrote about Philipe in two books. The first called Souvenirs (1960) and a second biography titled Le Temps d'un soupir (No Longer Than a Sign, 1963).

Philipe was recognized worldwide for his talent. At the time of his death, he was at his peak in his career. Philipe died of liver cancer while working on a movie project in Paris. It was several days before his 37th birthday. He was buried in the village cemetery in Ramatuelle, Var near the Mediterranean Sea.

In 1995, the celebrate 100 years of the cinema, the French government issued a series of limited edition coins. One of which included a 100 franc coin with Philipe's picture. In France, Philipe is known as an important person in that country. In 1986, he was given a postage stamp with his picture on it. There is also a movie festival named after him. There are also a number of school's in France that were named after Philipe. In Germany, he is less respected as an actor. However, a cultural center is named after him in Berlin.

Selected works
Film
Les Petites du Quai aux Fleurs (1944)
L'Idiot (1946)
Devil in the Flesh (1947)
La chartreuse de Parme (1948)
Une si jolie petite plage (1949)
La Ronde  (1950)
Juliette ou La clef des songes (1951)
Fanfan la Tulipe  (1952)
The Seven Deadly Sins (1952)
Les Belles de nuit (1952)
It Happened in the Park (1953)
Si Versailles m'était conté (1953)
Les Orgueilleux (1953)
The Red and the Black (1954)
Monsieur Ripois (1954)
Les Grandes Manœuvres (1955)
Si Paris nous était conté (1956)
Montparnasse 19 (1957)
Le Joueur (1958)
La Vie à deux (1958)
Les Liaisons dangereuses (1959)
La fièvre monte à El Pao (1959)

Voice
Le Petite Prince (1954)

References

Books

Other websites 

 
 
 
 Gérard Philipe at filmsdefrance.com
 Gérard Philipe at Film Reference
 Gérard Philipe A fan-maintained website
 

1922 births
1959 deaths
Actors from Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur
Cancer deaths in France
People from Cannes
Deaths from liver cancer
French movie actors
The turnip or white turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa) is a root vegetable. It is found in temperate climates worldwide. Smaller kinds of turnip are grown for human food. Larger ones are grown to feed livestock.

In the north of England and Scotland, the name turnip, or neeps, are given to the larger turnips such as the yellow rutabagas. They are called swedes father south.

Other websites 

 Multilingual taxonomic information from the University of Melbourne
 Alternative Field Crop Manual: Turnip
  Nutritional Facts

Root vegetables
1,112 and Counting is an essay that was written by novelist and playwright Larry Kramer in 1983. It was published in the New York Native. The newspaper is a gay daily newspaper for the LGBT community. It was believed to be one of the first major essays to be written about the AIDS crisis. The essay begins with the HIV death toll at the time. Many homosexuals did not like the essay. This was because the essay blamed them for the wide spread of the disease. Many others did not like it because Kramer was accused of being a 'self-hating gay man'. This was because of his novel Faggots which gave negative views on casual and anonymous sex.

The essay helped influence much of queer writing. It also helped Kramer's reputation as an gay rights advocate.

References

Other websites 
 The full text of "1,112 and Counting"

Essays
"Adam and Steve" is a phrase that was created from a conservative Christian slogan "God made Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve". It was created to summarize Judeo-Christian bible-based arguments against homosexual practices or homosexuality. The slogan also expresses that heterosexuality is the natural way of life for humanity. 

The phrase appeared on a protest sign as early as 1977. It was mentioned in a New York Times report about a November 19 rally in Houston, Texas that year. In 1979, Jerry Falwell helped the phrase to become popular. This happened after a press conference he held for Christianity Today. Many LGBT people have made movies and plays based on the phrase. Paul Rudnick wrote the play The Most Fabulous Story Ever Told, which has a gay couple named Adam and Steve. In 2005, a gay movie was released with the title Adam & Steve.

References

Books
 Katha Pollitt, Adam and Steve — Together at Last, The Nation, 15 December 2003.

LGBT
Usher is the debut album by American singer Usher. It was released on August 30, 1994 on LaFace Records.

History 
The album reached number 167 on the Billboard 200 chart. It was given positive reviews from music critics.

Track listing

Sample credits
"Think of You" is a sample of "Tidal Wave" recorded by Ronnie Laws.

References

Other websites 
 
 Usher at Discogs

1994 albums
Usher albums
8701 is the third studio album by American singer Usher. It was released by Arista Records on August 7, 2001.

History 
Recording the album took place in 2000 and 2001. The album debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 chart. It sold 210,000 copies the first week. In 18 weeks it sold 1,940,000 copies.

It has sold 4,700,000 copies in the United States. The album has sold over 8,000,000 copies worldwide. It was certified 4x Platinum by the RIAA. It reached number one on the UK Albums Chart and the Canadian Albums Chart. In Australia, it was certified 2x Platinum and Platinum by the BPI.

The album was given positive reviews from music critics. Many liked Usher's "matured voice" and the instruments Usher used to record the songs.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits for 8701 from Allmusic.

 David Ashton – Assistant engineer
 Producer, Instrumentation – Bryan-Michael Cox
 Brian Garten – Engineer
 Kevin Guarnieri – Engineer, Assistant Engineer
 Performer – Puff Daddy
 David Rideau – Engineer
 Usher – Vocals

Charts

Chart positions

Certifications

Decade-end charts

Release history

References 

2001 albums
Usher albums
Raymond v. Raymond is the sixth studio album by American singer Usher. It was released on March 26, 2010. Recording the album happened between 2008 and 2010. It was produced by Jermaine Dupri, The Runners, Ester Dean, Polow da Don, RedOne, Jim Jonsin, Danja, Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, Bangladesh, and Tricky Stewart.

The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart. It sold 329,000 copies the first week. It sold over 1,000,000 copies in the United States. It was then certified platinum by the RIAA. This means that the album shipped 1,000,000 copies in the United States. Raymond v. Raymond released five singles. These include the hit single "Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)", "Lil Freak", "There Goes My Baby", "OMG", and "More".

After the album was released, it was given mixed reviews from music critics. Many music critics did not like the lyrics and the themes of the songs. Others liked it. The album won several awards. It won a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album and Best Male R&B Vocal Performance. Usher went on his OMG Tour in 2011 to promote the album worldwide.

Track listing

Personnel 
Credits for Raymond v. Raymond from Allmusic.

 Kory Aaron – assistant
 Marcella Araica – engineer
 Alex Barajas – assistant
 Tom Coyne – mastering
 Ian Cross – engineer, mixing, vocal engineer
 Aubry "Big Juice" Delaine – engineer
 Dylan "3-D" Dresdow – mixing
 Jermaine Dupri – mixing
 Joe Gallagher – assistant
 Conor Gilligan – assistant
 Matty Green – assistant
 Blake Harden – assistant
 Kemal Harris – stylist
 Patrick Hewlett – assistant
 Gordon Hogan – assistant
 Sam Holland – assistant
 John Horesco IV – engineer
 Bob Horn – mixing
 Jaycen Joshua – mixing
 Damien Lewis – assistant
 Giancarlo Lino – assistant
 Erik Madrid – assistant
 Michael Makowski – assistant
 Anthony Mandler – photography
 Rob Marks – engineer
 Frank Romano – guitar

 Matt Marrin – engineer, mixing
 Manny Marroquin – mixing
 Thurston McCrea – assistant
 Andrew Mezzi – assistant
 Brandon Middleton – assistant
 Vernon Mungo – engineer
 Brandon Parks – assistant
 Nicole Patterson – make-up
 Jonetta Patton – artist development
 Karl Peterson – assistant
 Mark Pitts – executive producer, A&R
 Shawn Porter – groomer
 Usher Raymond – executive producer
 Rob Skipworth – engineer
 Tim Sonnefeld – mixing
 Brian Stanley – mixing
 Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing
 Jay Stevenson – engineer
 Phil Tan – mixing
 Matt Taylor – art direction, design
 Miles Walker – engineer
 Jason Wilkie – assistant
 will.i.am – engineer
 Tre Williams – engineer
 James Wisner – engineer
 Lauren Evans - background vocals

Charts

Chart positions

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

Other websites 
 
 Raymond v. Raymond at Discogs
 Raymond v. Raymond at Metacritic

2010 albums
Usher albums
Sharon Marie Tate (January 23, 1943 – August 9, 1969) was an American actress. She was married to movie director Roman Polanski.

Personal life
Tate was born in Dallas, Texas on January 23, 1943. She was the daughter of a career army officer. So, her family had to move through various parts of the United States and Europe. As a child, her parents placed her in a beauty contest and she won.

Movies
Tate made her movie debut in Eye of the Devil in 1965. The movie producer, Martin Ransohoff, made a ten-minute documentary promoting her, called All Eyes on Sharon Tate.

Tate met Polanski while acting in his movie, The Fearless Vampire Killers. That movie was a comedy mocking Hammer Horror movies. Polanski married her in 1968. She was also in the comedy Don't Make Waves in 1967. In 1967, she was also in the movie Valley of the Dolls. In 1969, she was in the spy comedy The Wrecking Crew. Her last movie was an Italian slapstick comedy called 12+1.

Death
In 1969, Tate was stabbed to death as a result of orders given by cult leader Charles Manson. The acts (four people were murdered) were done by the members of Manson's group, known as The Family.

Related pages 
 Tate murders

References

1943 births
1969 deaths
Actors from Dallas, Texas
American movie actors
American murder victims
Extras
Murdered actors
Murders by blade weapons
People murdered in California
Nastassja Kinski (born January 24, 1961)is a German-born American movie actress who has been in more than 60 movies. She is the daughter of German actor Klaus Kinski. Her movie debut was in The Wrong Move in 1975 at the age of 13. She starred in 1976 in To the Devil a Daughter. She was also in a television episode of Tatort called Reifezeugnis in 1976. That show was about a teenage girl in love with her teacher. She was then in Boarding School in 1976. She was also in Così come sei, also called Stay as You Are in 1978. She won a Golden Globe Award for her role in Tess.  The most recent movie she was in was Inland Empire (2006).

Personal life
At one point she dated Polish movie director Roman Polanski, who she met on the set of Tess.  She had a son with actor Vincent Spano. In the mid-1980s, Kinski met Egyptian movie maker Ibrahim Moussa. They married on September 10, 1984. They had two children. The marriage ended in 1992. From 1992 until 1995, Kinski lived with musician Quincy Jones. In 1993, their daughter was born.

References

Other websites

 Kinski's French language website 
 

1959 births
Living people
German movie actors
"Think of You" is a song by American singer Usher. It was released as the second single from his debut album Usher (1994). Usher co-wrote the song along with Donell Jones and Faith Evans. It is a sample of jazz singer Ronnie Law's song "Tidal Wave".

The song did better than the single "Can U Get wit It". It reached number seven on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. It also reached number 58 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. "Think of You" also got to number 70 on the UK Singles Chart. The music video features Taral Hicks, who Usher is singing to.

Track listing
US Vinyl, 12"
Think Of You [So So Def Extended Mix] 5:10
Think Of You [Album Instrumental] 3:48
Think Of You [Album Mix] 3:48
Think Of You [Bad Boy Remix] 4:16)
Think Of You [Bad Boy Instrumental] 4:16
Think Of You [So So Def Acapella] 3:38

UK CD single
"Think of You" [Album Version]
"Think of You" [So So Def Remix]
"Think of You" [So So Def Extended Mix]
"Think of You" [Album Instrumental]
"Think of You" [Bad Boy Remix]

Charts

1995 songs
Usher songs
In algebra and calculus, the complex plane is used to help visualize complex numbers. The vertical line is called the imaginary axis, and the horizontal line is called the real axis. Any complex number can be written as a+bi, where a and b are real numbers, and i is the principal square root of -1. In the complex plane, you go a spaces on the real axis, and b spaces on the imaginary axis. The complex plane can also be expressed in the form of polar coordinates, where the size of the line is equal to the square root of a squared plus b squared, and the direction is an angle.

The complex plane can be used to draw the graphs of some functions, called complex functions, that can be used to study all kinds of things, like cars, airplanes, atoms and electricity.

Complex conjugates 

Every complex number z=a+bi has a complex conjugate. It is written as  and is equal to a-bi. The complex number and its conjugate can be represented on the complex plane—as mirror opposites about the real axis.

Related pages 

 Riemann sphere

References 

Algebra
"You Make Me Wanna..." is a song by American singer Usher. It was released by LaFace Records and Arista Records on August 5, 1997. It became the lead single from Usher's second album My Way (1997). The song was written by Usher and Jermaine Dupri and Manuel Seal. Dupri and Seal produced the song. The song is written in the key of E major. It is an R&B, soul, and pop ballad song. The song's instruments are the acoustic guitar, hi-hat, and bells. 

The song is about a relationship between Usher, his girlfriend, and her best friend, who Usher really likes. Usher uses a pick-up line "You make me wanna leave the one I'm wish and start a new relationship with you". The line is the song's hook. The song was given positive reviews. It won a Billboard Music Award, a Soul Train Music Award, a WQHT Hip Hop Award, and a nomination for a Grammy Award.

"You Make Me Wanna..." reached several music charts. It was number one on the UK Singles Chart and the US Hot R&B Singles chart. It also reached the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100, Pop Songs, Canadian Singles Chart, Dutch Top 40, and the ARIA Singles Chart. The music video was directed by Bille Woodruff. It shows Usher dancing in several colored rooms and backgrounds. It also uses an effect which created several clones of Usher.

Track listings

Maxi single
 "You Make Me Wanna..." - 3:39
 "You Make Me Wanna..." (JD remix) - 3:39
 "You Make Me Wanna..." (Lil' Jon's Eastside Remix) - 4:26
 "You Make Me Wanna..." (Timbaland Remix) - 3:58
 "You Make Me Wanna..." (instrumental) - 3:17
 "You Make Me Wanna..." (Lil Jon's Eastside remix instrumental) - 3:57

CD single
 "You Make Me Wanna..."
 "You Make Me Wanna..." (Tuff Jam Classic Garage Mix)
 "You Make Me Wanna..." (Tuff Jam Classic Garage instrumental)
 "You Make Me Wanna..." (Tuff Jam UVM Dub Mix)
 "You Make Me Wanna..." (instrumental Dub Mix)

12-inch vinyl
 "You Make Me Wanna..." - 3:39
 "You Make Me Wanna..." (JD's Remix) - 3:39
 "You Make Me Wanna..." (Lil' Jon's Eastside Remix) - 3:58
 "You Make Me Wanna..." (Timbaland's Remix) - 4:26
 "You Make Me Wanna..." (a cappella) - 3:39
 "You Make Me Wanna..." (instrumental) -3:17

Certifications

References

1997 songs
Usher songs
"Nice & Slow" is a song by American singer Usher. It was released as the second single from his second album My Way (1997). It became his first number one single on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It also reached number 24 on the UK Singles Chart. Because of this, "Nice & Slow" was not a success in that country since his single "You Make Me Wanna..." reached number one.

It also became the last single from Usher's My Way album. It was written by Brian & Brandon Casey of Jagged Edge, Manuel Seal, Jermaine Dupri, and Usher. The music video for the song featured Kimora Lee Simmons.

Track listings
UK CD: 1

 "Nice & Slow"
 "Nice & Slow" (CD-Rom Video Element)
 "You Make Me Wanna..." / "Just Like Me" / "My Way" (Snippets)

US CD:2
 "Nice & Slow" (Album Version)
 "Nice & Slow" (Album Instrumental)

UK CD: 2

 "Nice & Slow" (Radio Version)
 "Nice & Slow" (Live Version)
 "Nice & Slow" (B-Rock's Basement Mix)
 "Nice & Slow" (Suli & Stef's Club Class Mix - UK Mix)

Charts

End of decade charts

References

1997 songs
Usher songs