cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Hazrat Sheikh Farīd-ud-dīn Mas'ūd Ganj Shakar  (4 April, 1179 – 7 May, 1266), commonly known as Baba Farid Ganjshakar (Punjabi, lit: 'Treasury of Sugar/Sweetness'), was a  renowned Sufi preacher, mystic poet and saint of the Chishti Order of South-central Asia.

Fariduddin Ganjshakar is generally recognized as the first major poet of the Punjabi language, and is considered one of the pivotal saints of the Punjab and indeed, one of the Panj Peers, or five main/great saints of South Asia. Revered equally by Muslims and Hindus, he is also considered one of the fifteen Sikh bhagats. Selections from his work are included in the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh holy scripture.

His world-famous shrine is located in Pakpattan, in present-day Punjab (Pakistan). It was built in 1267. Each year during the Islamic month of Muharram, special festivities are held there and pilgrims from many countries come to visit.

References 

1179 births
1266 deaths
Punjabi people
Asian Sufis
Muslims
Mystics
{{Infobox person
| name = Maurice LaMarche
| image = Fan Expo 2016 - Maurice LaMarche (32975591392).jpg
| caption = LaMarche in 2016
| imagesize = 250px
| birth_name = Maurice LaMarche
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| death_date =
| death_place = 
| occupation = Voice actor, stand-up comedian
| yearsactive = 1980-present
| spouse = Robin Eiseman
| children = 1
| awards = Annie Awards  Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Male Performer in an Animated Television Production  1998 for Pinky and the Brain
| website =
}}Maurice LaMarche' (born March 30, 1958) is a Canadian voice actor and stand-up comedian. He is best known for his voicework in Futurama as Kif Kroker, as Egon Spengler in The Real Ghostbusters, Verminous Skumm and Duke Nukem in Captain Planet and the Planeteers, Big Bob Pataki in Hey Arnold!, Dizzy Devil in Tiny Toon Adventures, The Brain in Animaniacs and Pinky and The Brain, The Powerpuff Girls, and his portrayal of Mr. Freeze in Batman: Arkham City''.

Early life 
LaMarche was born on March 30, 1958 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, but his family moved to Timmins, Ontario, very soon after he was born. LaMarche's childhood was filled with his "own little world of cartoons and sixties television".

Roles in television, film, and video games

References

Other websites

 
 Interview with Maurice LaMarche on "The Joe Cook Program"
 Maurice LaMarche Interview on Talk Radio Meltdown 

1958 births
Living people
Actors from Toronto
Canadian comedians
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Crime in Afghanistan happens in many ways.  Some of the crimes are: corruption, contract killings or assassinations, kidnapping, drug trafficking, money laundering, black marketeering, and other ordinary crimes.

Growing Opium poppy and drug trafficking are important to the political and economic situation of Afghanistan. After the Soviet war in Afghanistan, growing opium poppy  increased. Growing opium poppy was taxed.  Some members of the military were directly involved in illegal drug trade. The Taliban did not want people to grow drugs.  Because it made so much money they were tolerant and taxed the drug growing.

In 1999, Afghanistan made over 4,581 metric tons of raw and refined opium. This led to more international pressure from places the drugs were sold to. In response, the Taliban said no one could grow opium poppy.  The did allow the opium trade to continue. With the ban the opium was reduced to 185 metric tons. This little production of opium continued in areas under the control of the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan.

Since the downfall of the Taliban in 2001, growing and trafficking of opium has increased significantly. Criminal organizations and corrupt government officials have used drug trafficking as a way to make money. Some anti-government groups make profit from the drug trafficking.

Afghanistan is world's largest producer of opium. In 2001, Afghanistan was the source of 87% of the world's illegal opium. 80-90% of the heroin consumed in Europe comes from opium made in Afghanistan. According to Antonio Maria Costa "drugs are now a clear and present danger" in Afghanistan. In 2007 the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime said 93% of the opiates on the world market came from Afghanistan.

Unemployment among a large portion of the population is part of the reason for crime. Other forms of crime include robbery as well as kidnappings and assault. Many riots have occurred in the country in response to the political and other issues.

Since the downfall of the Taliban, crime rate has greatly increased in the capital city Kabul. Armed robberies are reported in the western districts of Kabul. Between March 2002 and January 2003, 48 cases of homicide, 80 cases of theft and 12 cases of kidnappings were reported in Kabul municipal boundaries.

References

Crime in Afghanistan
Crime in Armenia includes human trafficking, domestic violence, murder, political murder, contract killing, tax evasion, corruption, extortion, money laundering, police brutality, organized crime, and clan or gang violence.

The quick change from a Communism system to a free market capitalist system destroyed the socioeconomic structure of Armenia. 

During the first ten months of 2008, crime in Armenia's capital Yerevan rose nearly 14 percent from the same period in 2007.

Organized crime and "brotherhoods" 
Organized crime is a part of the Armenian economy. In Yerevan there are organized, criminal clans known as "akhperutyuns" (or brotherhoods).  The different groups sometimes battle for rights over their territory. Members are guided by the underworld laws brought from Russian prisons.

Most of the smaller cities, towns, and villages of Armenia are also controlled by a clan or family.

Human trafficking 
A "well-paid job" is very often the bait used to persuade women in difficult social situations to travel abroad.

Sexual exploitation 
In July 2004, Russia’s Interior Minister Rashid Nurgaliev said that growing cooperation between Russian and Armenian law enforcement bodies has prevented more than one hundred Armenian women from being trafficked abroad for sexual exploitation.  According to Nurgaliev, "criminal groups" which have been neutralized planned to transport the mostly young women to third countries, mainly the United Arab Emirates, via Russia. On June 24, 2004, members of a criminal group who were intent on forcing 6 Armenian women into prostitution were arrested.

On April 20, 2009, Anoush Martirosyan, the infamous "Madame Pimp" of Dubai, was sentenced to thirteen years in prison by a Yerevan judge.  Martirosyan ran a prostitution ring in Dubai to which she lured girls from Armenia.

Domestic violence 
According to a 2008 study by Amnesty International, more than a quarter of women in Armenia "have faced physical violence at the hands of husbands or other family members."  Reporting domestic violence is heavily stigmatized in Armenian society.  Many of these women have no choice but to stay in abusive situations.

References 

Armenia
Armenia
There is a low rate of crime in Bahrain. Some petty crime such as pickpocketing and bag snatching are reported especially in the old market areas (souks). Violent crime is uncommon, but increasing. Much of the crime in the nation is committed by the large South Asian population of guest workers. Though small in size, there is a  growing underground drug market in the country. According to Emile Nakhleh, about 65% of violent crime and theft are done by foreign citizens living in Bahrain.

Charisse Tia Maria Coston and Freda Adler wrote a book about the reasons behind the low crime rate in Bahrain. The society of Bahrain follows the teachings of the Qur'an; the Qur'an influences political, economic and social environment. Islam, which is most important in the structure of Bahraini society, teaches wrongdoings will result in downfall of societies.

Bahrain is a destination country for men and women trafficked for the purposes of involuntary servitude and commercial sexual exploitation. Men and women from Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia cine to Bahrain to work as laborers or domestic servants.  Some are placed in involuntary servitude such as unlawful withholding of passports, restrictions on movements, non-payment of wages, threats and physical or sexual abuse. Women from Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Southeast Asian country like Thailand and North African nation like Morocco are trafficked to Bahrain for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation.

Threat of terrorist attack is a matter of concern. The Government of Australia advised travelers "to exercise a high degree of caution in Bahrain" due to high threat of terrorism.

In the Corruption Perceptions Index 2007, Bahrain was ranked 46th out of 179 countries for corruption.

References

Bahrain
Bahrain
Bahrain
Crime in Bangladesh includes many different crimes.  Some of these crimes are done by an individual and some crimes are organized by a group.  Examples of crime are: drug trafficking, money laundering, extortion, murder for hire,  fraud, human trafficking, robbery, corruption, black market, political violence, terrorism, abduction, etc.

Bangladesh is used to move narcotics made in neighboring countries. A 2007 report said that Bangladesh is now the main point for the movement and trafficking of heroin from Southeast Asia to the European market .

A total of 10,331 homicides were reported from 2001 to 2003.  This is a large increase.

For the Asia Pacific region, Bangladesh is ranked as one of the main countries for software piracy. It is believed that software vendors lose around 102 million US dollars every year to this black market trade.  There is no strict law to stop this practice.

In 2011 Bangladesh was ranked 120th for corruption in a list of 182 countries. This means there appears to be a high amount of corruption in the country.

References

Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Babcock Street is a station on the MBTA Green Line "B" Branch located in Boston, Massachusetts. The station is located on Commonwealth Avenue at Babcock Street. Babcock Street consists of two side platforms which serve the "B" Branch's two tracks. Babcock street is 24 minutes away from Park Street.

References

Other websites
MBTA - Babcock Street
 Station from Google Maps Street View

Buildings and structures in Boston, Massachusetts
Railway stations in the United States
Belgium is considered a mostly safe country compared to its neighbouring countries. Brussels had the fourth highest number of recorded crimes of European capitals (behind Stockholm, Amsterdam, and Berlin). Brussels had a rate of 10 murders or violent deaths per 100,000 citizens. Belgium's second largest city, Antwerp, has crime rates about 20% below those of Brussels. Liège and Charleroi, industrial cities with high unemployment rates, saw higher crime rates than the less industrialized cities of Ghent and Bruges. The rural areas are generally very safe.

History
Marc Dutroux did many serious crimes and is likely Belgium's worst criminal. He is in prison. 

In November 2005, Brussels was very minorly affected by the spread of the French riots. There has been a steep increase in violent armed robberies carried out by minors. Cybercrime is also growing.

In 2011, a man killed six people, then himself, in Liege.

Gangs in Belgium
In the 1990s and early 2000s, attacks were made on vans used to move.  They often killed the security agents in charge. The country had several large-scale crime scandals, such as those of the Brabant Wallon killers, the Scarface gang and the Belgian Mafia. More recently, some scandals have been about corruption and misuse of public resources. In addition, petty crimes such as street thefts, purse snatchings, and pickpocketing are in the main city centers. There are not very many of these crimes. Car theft used to happen often.  There have been less in the last decade.

Belgian Mafia
The known groups in the mafia in Belgium are:
Belgian mafia
Nijvel gang
Haemers gang
Bonnot Gang
Scarface gang

References

Belgium
Belgium
Belgium
A t-test is a statistical hypothesis test. People use it when they want to compare a mean (average) of a measurement from one group A to some theoretical, expected value. People also use it when they want to compare the mean (average) of a measurement of two groups A and B. They want to decide if the mean in group A is different to the theoretical value or to the mean in group B.

Example
For example, pretend there are two groups of people. One group exercises a lot and the other doesn't. Do the people who exercise tend to live longer than those who don't? Then the property of interest is the average life time. Is the average life time of people who exercise different to the average life time of people who don't? A t-test can help answer this question.

When this is used
The t-test is used when the property's variance in the groups is unknown. When people want to do the t-test they have to calculate the variance from the sample (the collection of data). This calculated variance is almost always different to the true variance in the group. The t-test was created to care about this difference.

Statistical tests
Tests
Pakpattan (also called Pākpattan Sharīf) is a city in Punjab (Pakistan).  It is the capital city of Pakpattan District.

References 

Cities in Pakistan
Punjab (Pakistan)
The United States Census of 1790 was the first United States Census.  It recorded the population of the United States as of August 2, 1790. In the First Census, the population of the United States was 3,929,214.

Data was collected from all thirteen states (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia), and districts and territories that would become Vermont, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Maine.

Reaction
Both Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and President George Washington didn't fully believe in the results. They believed that there were more people in the United States than what the census said. A reason why there may be more people would be because of the people living farther apart, bad roads that would go to where people may live, limited technology, and people simply not giving any information.

Loss of information
The records for many states were lost sometime between 1790 and 1830. Almost one third of the original census data have been lost or destroyed since the original census.  These include some 1790 data from: Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Vermont. The data can still be proven in many secondary sources about the first census.

Data
Census data included the name of the head of the family. They put people into these categories: free white males at least 16 years old (to figure out the country's industrial and military potential), free white males under 16 years old, free white females, all other free persons (reported by sex and color), and slaves. The Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson told marshals to get data from all thirteen states (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia), and from the Southwest Territory.

17.8% of the people were slaves. This is the highest percentage of slaves in any American census.

City rankings

References

United States Census
1790
1790s in the United States
The Mekan (spelled Maken too) are a caste, or clan of Jat harijan   and are claimed to ancest from Jats  mostly converted to Islam, around the 17 or 18 century AD. They are mostly settled in the Sargodha District of the Punjab (Pakistan).
most of them are small farmer and they are very hard worker Numerous Makens have been a part of provincial politics alongside tribal politics, for example, Punjab. Sardar Asim Sher Maken has been serving as the district council chairman of Sargodha, who was previously the chairman of Kot Pehlwan union council.Sardar Sikandar Hayat Maken and Sardar Fateh Khan Maken have contested and won different elections for a provincial assembly seat. Chaudry Ghulam Mubashir Maken is serving SSP (DPO) D G Khan. Sardar Aamir Habib Ullah Maken Air Vice Marshal (General) in Pakistan Air Force.

Languages

References 

Punjabi people
Punjab (Pakistan)
Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Pakistani tribes
Talokar is the name of a village in the Haripur District of Hazara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly North-West Frontier Province) in Pakistan. It is situated at Latitude 33.9852778 degrees; and Longitude 72.9419444 degrees. It is quite closely situated to Haripur town (approx 2 km) the local area headquarters.

History
It was originally founded during the 12th or 13th century AD by the Talokar khoker Awan tribe. Since then, it has remained the principal seat of a Jagir estate during the British Raj, of a famous aristocratic family which also produced Khan Sahib Abdul Majid Khan Tarin, OBE, Jemadar Abdul Latif Khan Tarin IDSM, and others.

Population and economy
The approximate population of the main Talokar village at the  time of the last major national census  was about 4800-5000.  and it is primarily an agrarian area. It is well known for its fine vegetables, wheat and maize crops and orchards of loquats, oranges and other fruits. Although the majority of the residents are engaged in farming activities, a fairly large number are also in government and military service and some few working in local industries or working abroad as immigrant labour.

Ethnic groups
The main tribes and ethnic groups include Gurjars, Maliars, Pathans, Syeds, Awans and some others. The principal families and landowners are still mostly Tarin/Tareen Pathans (Pashtuns). In terms of religious practices, the population is overwhelmingly Muslim, mostly of the Sunni Islamic persuasion. The main language spoken here are Hindko, Northern Punjabi language (Chhachi dialect) and some Pashto.

Education
The general level of literacy/education is quite high by Pakistani standards, with schooling for both boys and girls available until high school level and an average literacy rate of 74%. For further education, most students go to colleges in Haripur town or nearby Abbottabad and some even as far as  Peshawar, Islamabad and Rawalpindi.

Popular pastimes
Among popular pastimes here are sports such as Cricket, Football (soccer), Field hockey and Volleyball. Many people also engage in hunting, horse riding and the traditional martial art of Gatka.

References

Villages in Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
A dervish or darvesh is a type of Sufi. 

It is someone living a Sufi Muslim ascetic way or "Tariqah". They are poor, and live simply. In this respect, dervishes are most similar to mendicant friars in Christianity, or Hindu/Buddhist/Jain sadhus.

Whirling dervishes 

The whirling dance that is associated with dervishes is best known in the West by the performances of the Mevlevi order in Turkey. It is part of a ceremony known as the Sema. It is also done by other orders. The Sema is only one of many Sufi ceremonies performed to try to reach religious ecstasy (majdhb, fana). 

The name Mevlevi comes from the Persian poet Rumi, who was a dervish himself. This practice, though not intended as entertainment, has become a tourist attraction in Turkey.

References 

Sufism
Ritual dances
Donald Allan "Don" Dunstan AC, QC (21 September 1926 – 6 February 1999) was a South Australian politician. He was the leader of the state's Labor Party from 1967, and was Premier of South Australia between June 1967 and April 1968, and again between June 1970 and February 1979.

Early life
Dunstan was born in Fiji to a rich Australian couple. He moved to Adelaide when he was a teenager. He moved to go to school on a scholarship. He later studied law and arts at the University of Adelaide.

Career
He entered politics in 1953. He got a seat in the South Australian parliament at the age of 26. He became well known for his campaign against the death penalty during the 1950s, and his status in the Labor Party rose quickly. As a member of the opposition, he was able to get the parliament to pass changes to Aboriginal civil rights. He was also an important figure in his party's abandoning the White Australia Policy.

Dunstan was a socially progressive premier. His government recognised native title over Aboriginal lands, decriminalised (made legal) homosexuality, and abolished the death penalty. Appointed during his term were the first female judge, the first non-British governor, and later, the first indigenous governor. Dunstan also relaxed censorship and drinking laws in the state, created a ministry for the environment, and made laws against discrimination. His nine years in office during the 1970s are remembered as the Dunstan Decade. However, there were also problems: the state's economic growth began to slow down, and led to major infrastructure plans being abandoned. Unemployment in South Australia began to rise, as well as rumours of corruption. Dunstan became strained after the death of his wife, and he suddenly resigned from the premiership in 1979 after collapsing from illness. He lived for another two decades, and remained very outspoken in public about social policies.

References

Other websites 
Past Premier profile: SA Parliament 
Don Dunstan Foundation

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1926 births
1999 deaths
Premiers of South Australia
Fijian people
Politicians from Adelaide
Deaths from cancer
Australian Labor Party politicians
University of Adelaide alumni
Kashan is a city in Iran. It is near Isfahan, about  from Tehran. The city is known for its textiles. In the Middle Ages, it was also known for ceramics. As of 2012, about 275,000 people live in the city, about 317,000 in its metropolitan area. The city is along the road from Qom to Kerman. Kashan is located at the edge of a desert, along the first oasis. The city has a desert climate, with hot summers, and cold winters.

Education
There is a university in the city, which offers higher education in medicine.

Industry
Rose water is produced in the city.

In Natanz, about  south of Kashan, there is an uranium enrichment plant. This plant uses gas centrifuges. It is part of the Iranian nuclear program.

Cities in Iran
Isfahan Province
The Great Victoria Desert is the largest desert in Australia. It consists of sand dunes, small sandhills, grassland plains, areas with closely packed  pebbles (called desert pavement or gibber plains) and salt lakes. The desert is an Australian IBRA.

The desert covers a large area, about  in the states of Western Australia and South Australia. The distance from east to west is about . It is very dry, getting only between  to  of rain each year. It is surrounded by other very dry areas including the Nullabor Plain to the south, the Gibson Desert to the north, Sturt's Stony Desert to the east. It was named by the explorer Ernest Giles in 1875, after Queen Victoria. Aboriginal people have lived in the desert for more than 24,000 years.

Between 1953 and 1957, the British government exploded nine atomic bombs in the Great Victoria Desert at Maralinga and Emu.

Geography
The area of the Great Victoria Desert is shared roughly equally by the states of South and Western Australia. It is north of the Nullarbor Plain and south of the Musgrave Ranges. The desert is bounded on the west by Laverton and the goldfields and to the east by Coober Pedy and the Stuart Highway.

Environment
The Great Victoria Desert can be very dry and sandy. However, plants and animals still live there. The plants are adapted to the dry, arid climate, otherwise they would not be able to survive. Wallabies, bandy  snakes, lizards. kangaroos .  and many birds live in the Great Victoria Desert. These animals have also adapted to survive in extreme heat and extreme cold.

References

Deserts of Australia
Natanz is a city in the arid center of Iran. The city lies in an oasis in the desert. The city is located about  southeast of Kashan. About 12,000 people live in the city. The city is well known for the pears grown there. There are shrines in the area, for example that of Abdas-Samad Esfahani. He was a Sufi who died in Natanz in 1299 CE. King Darius III was killed in the mountains near the city, about 330 BC. The village Abyaneh, near Natanz is a well-known holiday resort today. Before Ismail I made Twelver Islam the state religion, it was a center of Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism originated in Iran, around 1000 BC. 

Around  east of Natanz, there is a mine for Fluorite and Baryte. Southeast of the city, there is an uranium enrichment plant which is part of Iran's nuclear programme.

Cities in Iran
Isfahan Province
Kings Canyon is a canyon in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is part of Watarrka National Park, about  southwest of Alice Springs. The walls of Kings Canyon are over 100 metres high, with Kings Creek at the bottom. The rock is sandstone. At the top of the gorge is a maze of weathered rock domes, a lot like those found in Purnululu.

Kings Canyon and the area around it is Aboriginal land. It is part of the Luritja people's traditional country, and title over the land was granted to them in July 2012. Before the arrival of Europeans in the region, the damp climate at the bottom of the gorge was an important refuge during droughts. Rock engravings at the base of the canyon date are many hundreds of years old. Many of them are sacred sites for Luritja and are closed to visitors. The name Waṯarrka refers to the area around the sacred Dreaming path that runs through the park; it comes from the Luritja name for the Acacia ligulata tree.

References

Other websites
 General information 

Protected areas of the Northern Territory
National parks in Australia
Canyons
Madagascar is a 2005 computer-animated movie mase by Dreamworks. The story is about a group of animals from the zoo in Central Park, New York City. The main characters are Alex the Lion (Ben Stiller), Marty the Zebra (Chris Rock), Melman the Giraffe (David Schwimmer) and Gloria the Hippotamus (Jada Pinkett Smith). With the penguins Skipper (Thomas "Tom" McGrath), Private (Christopher Knights), Kowalski (Chris Miller) and Rico (John DiMaggio) also living in the zoo, they end up in Madagascar with King Julien (Sacha Baron Cohen), Maurice (Cedric the Entertainer) and Mort (Andy Richter). The movie has two sequels: Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa and Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted, as well as a Christmas special, a spinoff series, and the movie of the same name.

Video games
A video game titled Madagascar, is an adaptation on the same name of the movie. Release in 2005 for
PlayStation 2, Xbox, Nintendo DS, GameCube, Game Boy Advance and Microsoft Windows.

2005 animated movies
2005 computer-animated movies
American animated movies
2000s family movies
DreamWorks Animation movies
DreamWorks Pictures movies
Madagascar (franchise)
Movies about animals
Movies composed by Hans Zimmer
Movies set in Africa
Movies set in New York City
English-language movies
Peter Griffin is a character in the television comedy Family Guy. He is the husband of Lois Griffin. He has three children. He was a redesign of the protagonist Larry from Seth MacFarlane's animated short films. He is 44 years old.

References

Fictional characters introduced in 1999
Family Guy characters
Herbert Paul Varley (February 8, 1931 – December 15, 2015) is an American academic, historian, author, and Japanologist.  He is a former professor at Columbia University and Sen Sōshitsu XV Professor of Japanese Cultural History at the University of Hawaii.

Career
Varley's early work was influenced by Kan'ichi Asakawa at Yale University.

Among other interests, his research focused on the Kamakura period and Muromachi period in the history of Japan.

Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Varley, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 30+ works in 120+ publications in 6 languages and 8,200+ library holdings. 
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 The Onin War; history of its origins and background with a selective translation of the Chronicle of Onin, 1967
 A Syllabus of Japanese Civilization, 1968
 Imperial Restoration in Medieval Japan, 1971
 Japanese Culture: a Short History, 1973
 A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1980
 Warriors of Japan as Portrayed in the War Tales, 1994

Honors
 Order of the Rising Sun, 1969.

Notes

Other websites
  Varley, H. Paul at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

1931 births
2015 deaths
Japanologists
American historians
Columbia University faculty
Educators from Hawaii
, also known as , is the 15th in a series of Japanese tea masters of the Urasenke family.

Lineage
Sen Sōshitsu is the name of the head (iemoto) of the Urasenke school of the Japanese tea ceremony. 

The first person in this line of the Sen family to use the name Sōshitsu was the youngest son of Sen Sōtan. He was a great-grandson of Sen Rikyū.

References

Other websites
 Urasenke official home page

1923 births
Living people
Japanese people
is a traditional name taken on by a series of tea masters of the Uranseke family.

Lineage
Sen Sōshitsu is the name of the head (iemoto) of one of the three schools of the Japanese tea ceremony

List of Urasenke tea masters 
 Sen Rikyū (1522-1591)
 Shōan Sōjun (1546-1614)
 Genpaku Sōtan (1578-1658)

References

Other websites
 Urasenke official home page

Japanese culture
, also known as , is the 4th in a series of Japanese tea masters of the Urasenke family.

Lineage
Senso Sōshitsu was first person in the Sen family to use the name "Sōshitsu". He was the youngest son of Sen Sōtan; and he was a great-grandson of Sen Rikyū.

Today, Sen Sōshitsu is the name of the head (iemoto) of the Urasenke school of the Japanese tea ceremony.

References

Other websites
 Urasenke official home page

1622 births
1697 deaths
Japanese people
Kashgar or Kashi is an oasis county-level city with about 350,000 residents in the far west of the People's Republic of China, near the border with Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Kashgar is the administrative centre of Kashgar Prefecture of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region which has a population of approximately 4 million. The city's urban area covers , though its administrative area extends for .

Kashgar was the meeting point for the southern and northern ancient Silk Routes for 2000 years because of its situation. The Taklamakan Desert is to the east of the city while westwards are the high mountains of Pamir so camels must be exchanged for yaks (or vice versa). Kashgar remains very much a predominantly Uighur city; its market called Sunday Bazaar  is resorted to by merchants from nearby countries such as Kazakhstan, Tadjikistan, and Kirghizistan and is reputed the largest in Central Asia.

References

Other websites

Official website 
Kashgar Photos

Cities in China
Conrad Vernon (born July 11, 1968) is an American movie director, screenwriter, producer, voice actor and comedian. He is best known for his work in DreamWorks animated movies. These include Shrek 2, Monsters vs. Aliens and especially Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted.

Life and career
Vernon was born and raised in Lubbock, Texas. He studied at CalArts. Vernon worked as a storyboard artist in Ralph Bakshi's  Cool World, 2 Stupid Dogs, Rocko's Modern Life, Nightmare Ted and Morto the Magician. Vernon joined DreamWorks in 1996 and worked as a storyboard artist again in Antz. After the success of Antz, he became one of the writers for Shrek, where he also made the voice of Gingerbread Man. He also appeared in Shrek 4-D and Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas. Conrad also worked in Shrek 2, which was his first work as a director. The movie was nominated for an Academy Award. Later, he created the voice of Mason the chimpanzee in the popular DreamWorks movies Madagascar, Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa, Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted and the TV show. He also co-directed the third Madagascar movie. Vernon also wrote the original story and directed Monsters vs. Aliens, where he also created the voice of Insectosaurus. He also produced The Annoying Orange TV series.

References

Other websites

1968 births
Living people
People from Lubbock, Texas
American movie directors
American voice actors
Comedians from Texas
Movie producers from Texas
The Qadiri  or Qadiriyya  tarika or tariqah (Way/Path) is one of the major Sufi orders or schools. It was founded by Hazrat Sheikh Abd al-Qadir al-Gillani a Sufi sage and holy man in Baghdad. 

 

Islam
Sufic orders
The Suhrawardi or Suhrawardiyya tarika (Way/Path) is one of the main Sufi orders or schools. It was founded by the Sufi sage Shahab-ud-din Suhrawardi.

Islam
Sufic orders
The Eleventh United States Census was taken June 2, 1890. The total population was found to be 62,947,714. Most of the 1890 census materials were destroyed in a 1921 fire.

The data was tabulated by machine for the first time. Herman Hollerith invented this way of tabulating data. This technology made the time to tabulate the census change from eight years for the 1880 census to one year for the 1890 census.

1890 showed a total of 248,253 Native Americans living in America.  This is down from 400,764 Native Americans in the 1850 census.

The 1890 census said that the frontier part of the United States no longer existed,

References

United States Census
1890
The Chishtī Order  or Chishtiyya 'is a Sufi order or school within the mystic tradition of Islam. It began in Chisht, a small town near Herat, Afghanistan in  about 930 AD. The Order is known for its emphasis on love, tolerance, and openness.

The order was founded by Abu Ishaq Shami ("the Syrian") who taught Sufism in the town of Chisht, some 95 miles east of Herat in present-day western Afghanistan.

The Chishti Order is mostly followed in Afghanistan and South Asia. It was the first of the four main Sufi orders (Chishti, Qadiriyya, Suhrawardiyya and Naqshbandi) to be established in this region. Moin-ud-din Chishti was a medieval saint who first introduced the Chishti Order in Lahore (Punjab) and Ajmer (Rajasthan),  in the early or middle of the 12th century AD. From these places it spread out throughout medieval India. There are now several branches of the order, which has been the most prominent South Asian Sufi brotherhood since that time. Chapters and branches are also found as far as Europe, North America and Australia, introduced there by immigrants from present India and Pakistan.

References 

Islam
Sufic orders
Sultan-ul-Hind, Hazrat Sheikh Khwaja Moin-ud-din Chishti Ajmeri, was born in 1141 and died in 1236 AD. He is also known as Gharīb Nawāz ( Benefactor of the Poor).  He is the most famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order of South Asia. Moinuddin Chishti introduced and established this Order in India. His shrine is at Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. 

1141 births
1230 deaths
Asian Sufis
Muslims
Sir David Lean (1908-1991) was a British movie director. He was born in Croydon, Surrey. He directed Dr Zhivago, Lawrence of Arabia and The Bridge on the River Kwai. He died in Limehouse, east London.

Other websites 

Academy Award winning directors
British movie editors
English movie directors
English movie producers
English screenwriters
Golden Globe Award winning directors
Writers from Surrey
1908 births
1991 deaths
Isaac Yamma (1940 – January 1990) was a country singer from central Australia. He was one of the earliest musicians in Australia to become well known singing Western-style songs in an indigenous language. Isaac was a Pitjantjatjara man who was born by a waterhole near Docker River. He started his musical career as a member of a band called Areyonga Desert Tigers. He later formed his own band, the Pitjantjatjara Country Band. It was made up of his sons Hector, Frank, Peter and Paul and his cousin Russell Yamma. His song were mostly sung in Pitjantjatjara.

Discography
Albums
Isaac Yama and the Pitjantjatjara Country Band (1987) - CAAMA
Isaac Yama and the Pitjantjatjara Country Band No.2 (1987) - CAAMA
Compilations
Papal Concert, Alice Springs (1982) - CAAMA
Desert Songs 1 (1982) - CAAMA
Desert Songs 2 (1983) - CAAMA
From the Bush (1990) - CAAMA
AIDS: How Could I Know (1989) - CAAMA
25th Anniversary Compilation 2 (2006) - CAAMA

References

1940 births
1990 deaths
Australian guitarists
Australian singer-songwriters
Indigenous Australian musicians
Musicians from the Northern Territory
Pitjantjatjara
Australian country musicians
Suicide Silence is an American deathcore band from Riverside, California. Suicide Silence has four members in the band; the current band members are Chris Garza, Mark Heylmun, Alex Lopez and Dan Kenny. 

The band was formed in 2002. They released a self-title EP on September 30, 2005 and released their debut album "The Cleansing" on September 18, 2007. The band won the Revolver Golden God award for "Best New Talent" in 2009.

On November 1, 2012, the Orange County Coroners Office said that lead singer Mitch Lucker had died from injuries that were caused by a motorcycle accident. In 2013, the band said that Hernan "Eddie" Hermida would become the lead singer for the band. Hermida was the vocalist for All Shall Perish before he joined Suicide Silence.

Band members 
Current
Chris Garza – rhythm guitar (2002–present)
Mark Heylmun – lead guitar (2006–present)
Alex Lopez – drums (2006–present)
Dan Kenny – bass guitar (2008–present)
Hernan "Eddie" Hermida – lead vocals (2013–present)

Former
Tanner Womack – co-lead vocals (2002)
Rick Ash – lead guitar (2002–2006)
Josh Goddard – drums (2002–2006)
Mike Bodkins – bass guitar, backing vocals (2002–2008)
Mitch Lucker – lead vocals (2002–2012; deceased)

Discography 
So far, Suicide Silence have released 5 albums:

Albums
The Cleansing (2007)
No Time to Bleed (2009)
The Black Crown (2011)
You Can't Stop Me (2014)
Suicide Silence (2017)

References

Other websites 
Official website

2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Deathcore bands
Musical groups from California
People from Riverside, California
2002 establishments in the United States
Musical groups established in 2002
2000s establishments in California
Kirklees is NOT a part of West Yorkshire, it never has been and never will be. In Northern England, Huddersfield is the largest Town and best place, ever. Sadly Kirklees Council are try to destroy the Great Town of Huddersfield.

West Yorkshire
Helen Hardacre (born May 20, 1949) is an American academic and Japanologist.  At Harvard University, she is the Reischauer Professor of Japanese Religions and Society.

Early life
Hardacre is the daughter of British historian Paul H. Hardacre. 

Her research was supported by a Gugghenheim fellowship.

Career
Hardacre was Director of the Edwin O. Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies from 1995 through 1998. 

Her research interests focused on religion in Japan and the history of Japan.Japanese Studies Association of Australia (JSAA),  2005 Conference, keynote speaker bio notes

Selected works
In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Helen Hardacre, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 30+ works in 80+ publications in 3 languages and 5,000+ library holdings

 Lay Buddhism in Contemporary Japan : Reiyūkai Kyōdan, 1983
 The Religion of Japan's Korean Minority : the Preservation of Ethnic Identity, 1984
 Kurozumikyō and the New Religions of Japan, 1985
 Maitreya, the Future Buddha, 1988
 Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan, 1988
 Shintō and the State, 1868-1988, 1989
 Asian Visions of Authority Religion and the Modern States of East and Southeast Asia, 1994
 New Directions in the Study of Meiji Japan, 1997
 The Postwar Development of Japanese Studies in the United States, 1998
 Religion and Society in Nineteenth-Century Japan: a Study of the Southern Kantō Region, using late Edo and early Meiji Gazetteers, 2002

Notes

Other websites
  Hardacre, Helen, 1949-  at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

1949 births
Living people
Japanologists
American historians
Tjunkaya Tapaya (born 1947) is an Aboriginal Australian artist. She is most recognised for her batik work, and is one of the most well-known batik artists in Australia. Her works also include acrylic paintings, weaving, ceramics, wood carving and printmaking. Most of Tapaya's paintings depict places and events from her family's dreaming stories. Her batik work is of the classic Ernabella style, which eschews the Indonesian use of repeated block printed designs in favour of hand-drawn freehand designs or "walka". These "walka" are pure design and do not refer to, or contain reference to, dreamings or "tjukurpa".

Tjunkaya is a member of the Pitjantjatjara people. She was born in the desert in the far northwest of South Australia. Her mother had walked from Walytjitjata, in the Northern Territory, and arrived at Ernabella Mission at Pukatja or Ernabella shortly after Tjunkaya's birth. Ernabella was run by missionaries at the time, and Tjunkaya grew up there. The craft room at Ernabella Mission was established in 1948 and nurtured the artistic talents of Tjunkaya and other children and adults living on the Mission. The craft room taught spinning and weaving originally but later added batik and painting to its activities, and later still became a professionally run Aboriginal-owned incorporated arts enterprise known as Ernabella Arts after the Mission was closed and the land returned to its traditional Pitjantjatjara owners. 

Like most early artists in her community, Tjunkaya's original style came from milpatjunanyi – an ancient Western Desert practice of drawing in the sand to tell stories to children. This is the basis of the classic Ernabella "walka".

Ernabella women began to be taught batik making in 1971. In 1974, Ernabella Arts sent Tjunkaya to Yogyakarta with several other Pitjantjatjara women to learn more about making batik from Indonesian artists.

Tjunkaya's work has been shown in several exhibitions in Australia, Europe, North America and Southeast Asia. Tapaya has work in the National Gallery of Victoria, the State Library of South Australia, the Queensland Gallery of Modern Art, the National Gallery of Australia, the National Museum of Australia, and the British Museum.

References

1947 births
Living people
Indigenous Australian artists
Australian painters
Artists from South Australia
Pitjantjatjara
Weavers
Textile artists
Australian printmakers
Ceramists
The 1968 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1968, and lasted until November 30, 1968. These dates are conventionally the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin.

Three storms formed in June, making it one of the most active Junes on record. The early part of the season had the most activity, and the season ended quietly compared to the beginning. There were eight named storms, and no major hurricanes. This shows that early season activity has no indication on the entire season. Hurricane Gladys was the costliest storm of the season, causing more than $6 million (1968 USD) in damage as it moved northward through Florida, Cuba, and North Carolina.

Storm names
The following names were used for named storms (tropical storms and hurricanes) that formed in the North Atlantic in 1968.

The list is mostly the same as the 1964 season, save for Candy, Dolly, Edna, Frances, Hannah, and Ingrid, which replaced Cleo, Dora, Ethel, Florence, Hilda, and Isbell (although Ethel, Florence, and Isbell were not retired). A storm was named Candy for the first time in 1968. Names that were not assigned are marked in .

Retirement

No names were retired this season.  However, the name Edna was later retroactively retired because of the Hurricane Edna of the 1954 season, and has not been used since.

Related pages
 List of Atlantic hurricane seasons
 1968 Pacific hurricane season

Other websites
 Monthly Weather Review

1968
Atlantic hurricane season
Basil Hall Chamberlain (18 October 1850 – 15 February 1935) was a British academic, editor, translator, and Japanologist.   

Chamberlain is best known as the author of Things Japanese, which was first published in 1890.

Career
Along with Ernest Mason Satow and William George Aston, Chamberlain was one of three major British Japanologists during the 19th century.

Chamberlain taught at the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in Tokyo from 1874 to 1882. 

He was a professor of Japanese language at Tokyo Imperial University from 1886 to 1911.

Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Chamberlain, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 320+ works in 860+ publications in 6 languages and 6,100+ library holdings . 
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
The Classical Poetry of the Japanese, 1880 
A Translation of the 'Ko-Ji-Ki', 1883 
The Language, Mythology, and Geographical Nomenclature of Japan Viewed in the Light of Aino Studies, 1887 
Aino Folk-Tales, 1888 
A Handbook of Colloquial Japanese, 1887 
Things Japanese,1890
A Handbook for Travellers in Japan, 1891 
Essay in aid of a grammar and dictionary of the Luchuan language, 1895

Related pages
 Foreign advisors to the government in Meiji period Japan

References

Other websites 

 Chamberlain, Basil Hall, 1850-1935 at Visual International Authority File (VIAF)

 
 Chamberlain's translation of the Kojiki
 Chamberlain's collection of Ainu folk tales

1850 births
1935 deaths
Foreign advisors to the government in Meiji-period Japan
Japanologists
British historians
30 St Mary Axe is a skyscraper in London's financial district, the City of London. It was formerly named the Swiss Re Building, after Swiss Reinsurance Company. The tower is also known as "The Gherkin". The building was finished in December 2003. It was opened at the end of May 2004. Swiss Re Tower has 41 floors. The tower is  tall. It is on the site of the former Baltic Exchange, which was badly damaged in 1992 by the explosion of a bomb by the Provisional IRA.

30 St Mary Axe was designed by Norman Foster and Arup engineers. It was built by Skanska in 2001–2003.

The building has become an iconic symbol of London. It is one of the city's most well known examples of modern architecture.

References

Architectural styles
Buildings and structures in London
José Doroteo Arango Arámbula (5 June 1878 – 20 July 1923), better known by his nickname Pancho Villa, was a Mexican revolutionary leader who advocated for the poor and wanted agrarian reform. Though he was a killer, a bandit, and a revolutionary leader, many remember him as a folk hero. Pancho Villa was also responsible for a raid on Columbus, New Mexico in 1916, which was the first attack on U.S. soil since 1812. "Pancho" was a revolutionary advocate for the less fortunate. 

1878 births
1923 deaths
Assassinated people
Generals
Mexican military people