cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Al Bayda is a city in Libya. It is the capital of Al Jabal al Akhdar. Albayda was the first city to start the 17th of February revolution.

Other websites

Cities in Libya
A booby is a seabird in the genus Sula. Boobies are large birds with long pointed wings and bills. They hunt fish and squid by diving into the sea and chasing their prey underwater. Facial air sacs under their skin help protect the impact with the water. Boobies get their name because of their lack of fear of humans. Early mariners named them boobies to denote their believed lack of intelligence.

References 

Seabirds
Pelecaniformes
The chicken turtle (Deirochelys reticularia) is a freshwater turtle found in the southeastern United States. It has a long neck and a brownish shell with yellow lines on it. Their shells are 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 inches) in length.

References 

Turtles
The pink fairy armadillo (Chlamyphorus truncatus) or pichiciego is the smallest species of armadillo. It is found in central Argentina where it lives in dry grasslands and sandy plains. 

The armadillo's body is 84–117 mm long and its tail is 27-35 mm long. They usually weigh 85 grams. Their armor is a pale pink, and their legs are covered with little white hairs. There is not enough information to say whether it is an endangered species.

References 

Xenarthrans
The Nova Scotia Duck-Tolling Retriever is a breed of sport and hunting dog that originated in Canada in the 19th century to help hunters with attracting ducks within gunshot range and bringing the duck back to the hunter. They stand 17-21 inches (43 to 53 cm) and weigh 43 to 51 pounds (19 to 23 kg). They are the smallest of the retrievers. Its thick coat of fur protects it from the icy cold water.

References

Dog breeds
The Four Stages of Cruelty is a series of four printed engravings. They were published by the English artist William Hogarth in 1751. Every print is about a different part of life of Tom Nero, a fictional (not real) character.

The First stage of Cruelty shows Nero, when he is a child, hurting a dog. In the Second stage of cruelty, Nero, who is an adult, beats his horse. Then in Cruelty in perfection, he becomes a robber and murders his pregnant lover. At last, in The reward of cruelty, his body is taken from the gallows after he is execution and is cut up into pieces by surgeons. This last annotation refers directly to the act of parliament then under consideration and passed in 1752 which changed the law to require the bodies of executed murderers to be surrendered to the surgeons for use in anatomy classes and only buried after they had been anatomized. The act was created in response to the increase in murders, especially  in the suburbs of London.

William Hogarth, who had been very unhappy at the acts of cruelty that he saw on the streets of London, printed the pictures for moral learning. They were printed on cheap paper for poor people. The pictures are rougher and more violent than Hogarth's other works, which usually have touches of humor. He had felt he needed to do this to make people understand his message. However, the pictures still have the small, careful details that Hogarth is famous for.

History 

Like most of his other prints, such as Beer Street and Gin Lane, Hogarth wanted The Four Stages of Cruelty to be a warning against cruel and evil acts, and that it was easy for a small bully to become a criminal. He wished to stop "that barbarous (mean) treatment of animals, the very sight of which renders (makes) the streets of our metropolis so distressing (terrible) to every feeling mind". Hogarth loved animals. When he painted a portrait of himself, he included his pug in the picture. He also marked the graves of his dogs and birds at his home in Chiswick.

Reception 
Hogarth was pleased with his pictures. European Magazine reported that he said to a person who sold books named Mr. Sewell:

In his unfinished Apology for Painters he added:

In his 1817 book Shakespeare and His Times, Nathan Drake said that picture in the first plate changed the opinion of people about "throwing at cocks", and encouraged them to be firmer about stopping the people who did these things.

Some people, however, did not like the series very much. Charles Lamb said that the series were not as good as Hogarth's other works. Art historian Allan Cunningham also disliked the series:

References 

1751
Animal rights
18th-century works
Getting Things Done (GTD) is a way of organizing all the things a person has to do. The method was made by David Allen. He has written a book about this subject, with the title of his method.

The Getting Things Done method follows a simple rule: by writing down all tasks your mind is free to focus on the task at hand.  In this way, the mind does not have to remember all the things he still has to do.

Further reading 
 
 
 

2000s books
Management
Uncle Sam was first featured on a poster during World War I. It was used to get men and women to sign up for the army. Citizenship and duty went together with Uncle Sam. Uncle Sam is based on a real person named Samuel Wilson, who lived in Troy, New York. He owned a meat packing business with his brother. During the War of 1812, he supplied food for the American soldiers. The food barrels had a “U.S.” on them for United States. The troops knew Samuel was sending the food and called it “Uncle Sam’s.” In 1813 Uncle Sam became the nickname for the US Federal Government. People began to draw Uncle Sam in different ways. Thomas Nast was the first to popularize the image of Uncle Sam, from 1860-1870. Nast gave him a white beard and a Stars and Stripes suit. However, Uncle Sam was not yet done changing. By the early 1900s, Uncle Sam looked nothing like Samuel Wilson. In 1916, James Montgomery Flagg drew his own version of Uncle Sam. In his version Uncle Sam was wearing a tall top hat, blue jacket, and was pointing straight at the viewer. His version was put on the cover of Leslie’s Weekly with the caption “What Are You Doing For Preparedness?” In 1917 Flagg’s Uncle Sam reappeared as a poster with the caption “I Want You.” This poster was used all throughout World War I. The poster reappeared in World War II. Flagg’s illustration is now the standard for Uncle Sam. Uncle Sam has become one of the most iconic images in American politics.

Reference 
 http://hnn.us/articles/53455.html
 http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/united-states-nicknamed-uncle-sam
 http://xroads.virginia.edu/~cap/sam/sam.htm

Symbols of the United States
National personifications
Joseph Henry Blackburne (Manchester, 10 December 1841 – London, 1 September 1924), nicknamed 'The Black Death', was the leading British chess Grandmaster during the later part of the 19th century. 

Blackburne learned the game at the relatively late age of 18 but quickly became a strong player. He went on to develop a professional chess career that spanned over 50 years. At one point he was the world's second most successful player, with a string of tournament victories behind him. Blackburne especially enjoyed giving simultaneous and blindfold displays around the country. Blackburne also annotated  a collection of his own games (explained the moves), and was a chess correspondent for a leading journal until his death.

"For more than 20 years he was one of the first six players in the world, and for even longer the leading English-born player".p42

Blackburne was fond of Scotch whisky, and often drank during a display. He once drank his opponent's glass, and said: "He left it en prise, and I took it en passant!"  Much loved, he was supported by subscriptions from his fans in his last years.

References 

1841 births
1924 deaths

British chess players
People from Greater Manchester
The Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant  is a nuclear power plant in Iran. It is about  southeast of the city of Bushehr. It is between the fishing villages of Halileh and Bandargeh along the Persian Gulf.

The power plant was first planned back in the 1970s. German companies started the work in 1975, but stopped in 1979. Later, Russia took over the planning. The governments of Iran and Russia agreed to build the nuclear plant. It costs about $800 million.

The Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant is now Iran's first nuclear power plant. It was first filled with nuclear material on 21 August 2010.

References

Nuclear power plants
The Border Collie is a breed of dog that originated along the English-Scottish border. It is one of the most intelligent dog breeds. They have been used to herd livestock for over 300 years. It is also famous for a pet or show-dog. The border collie is about 20 inches (51 cm) in height and weighs 31 to 50 pounds (14 to 23 kg). It is usually a long-haired dog. Its coat is often black and white in color.

The Border Collie is a member of the collie dog breed group.

As with other herding and sheepdogs, border collies can be fiercely protective of their territory and their owners. This inclination (likelihood) to protect their family makes them ideal guard dogs. If a border collie notices anything new, they will always alert the family by barking loudly. 

Exercise is one of the most important aspects of caring for a Border Collie. The herding dog breed has had over a hundred years of genetic reinforcement (to strengthen) to provide them with intelligence, agility, and a high energy level to perform a job (wrangling sheep) that they generally no longer have to do. This is why Border Collies are not recommended for pet owners who may be unable to provide their dogs with high amounts of exercise.

References 

Dog breeds
Manganese(II) oxide is a chemical compound. It contains manganese in its +2 oxidation state. Its chemical formula is MnO. It is made by reduction of manganese(IV) oxide by hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or methane. It is also made by heating manganese carbonate.

Related pages
Manganese
Manganese dioxide
Iron(II) oxide

Manganese compounds
Oxides
Samuel Reshevsky (Szmul Rzeszewski, near Łódź, 26 November 1911 – New York, 4 April 1992) was a Polish-American chess Grandmaster. 

Sammy was a famous chess prodigy, and later a leading American chess Grandmaster. He was a contender for the World Chess Championship from about 1935 to the mid-1960s. He came equal third in the World Chess Championship 1948 tournament, and equal second in the 1953 Candidates Tournament. He was also an eight-time winner of the U.S. Chess Championship.

He was the greatest American player in the long period between Pillsbury (d.1906) and Fischer. Sammy was an Orthodox Jew, and did not play on the Jewish Sabbath: his tournament games were re-arranged. He was a regular top board for the USA at Chess Olympiads. He played in eight Olympiads, helping the U.S. team to win the gold in 1937.p335

Sammy was tremendously strong in matches, and the Soviets made sure he never got the chance to play Botvinnik in a match. He played eleven of the first twelve world champions, and drew a match against Fischer at the age of 49. His one weakness as a player was his time trouble. He used up so much of his time in the early stages of a game that he was often short of time at the end. This probably cost him the Candidates tournament in 1953.

Reshevsky was not a full-time chess player. He was a qualified accountant.

Reshevsky, Samuel [and Fred Reinfeld] 1948. Reshevsky on chess. [aka Reshevsky's best games of chess, Dover.] Chess Review, N.Y.
Reshevsky, Samuel [and Fred Reinfeld] 1962. How chess games are won. Pitman, N.Y & London.
Gordon, Stephen W. Samuel Reshevsky: a compendium of 1768 games. McFarland, Jefferson NC. Some annotated by Soviet grandmasters.

References 

1911 births
1992 deaths
Accountants
Chess grandmasters
Jewish American sportspeople
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Polish chess players
Polish Jews
The Bull Terrier is a breed of dog that originated in 19th-century England from a mixture of other dogs. They were first used as fighting dogs. 

Bull terriers have a short coat, small triangular eyes and an egg shaped head. They are about 21–22 inches (53–56 cm) in height and weigh about 50–60 pounds (23–27 kg). Bull terriers are very strong for their size.

Related pages
 Bulldog

References

Other websites

 

Terriers
The Bullmastiff is a breed of dog. It started in 19th-century England. It is a mixture of a bulldog and a mastiff. It has a short tan, reddish-brown coat with black on the face and ears.

Appearance 
It stands  and weighs . Bullmastiffs were originally used to discourage poaching and are now also used by police and as guard dogs.

References 

Dog breeds
Molossers
The Chow Chow is a breed of dog that originated in China and is believed to be one of the oldest dog breed. It has a large head, a curly tail and a blue tongue. It has a thick coat of fur and can be either rough or smooth. Most Chow Chows are a reddish brown or black color. It stands about 17–20 inches (43–51 cm) and weighs 45–70 pounds (20–32 kg).

References 

Dog breeds
Chad Javon Johnson (born January 9, 1978 in Miami, Florida) is an American football wide receiver. He currently plays for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He has also played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Cincinnati Bengals. Johnson was drafted out of the Oregon State University by the Cincinnati Bengals with the 36th pick in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft.

On April 17, 2014, Johnson signed a two-year deal to play for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League.

He was also known as Chad Ochocinco.

References

Other websites
Chad Ochocinco's Official website
Chad Ochocinco at cincinattibengals.com 

1978 births
Living people
Cincinnati Bengals players
American football wide receivers
Sportspeople from Miami, Florida
New England Patriots players
Kevin McKidd (born 9 August 1973) is a Scottish actor. He has played many acting roles such as Lucius Vorenus on Rome, as Dan Vasser on Journeyman, as Poseidon on Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, and as Dr. Owen Hunt on Grey's Anatomy''.

References

1973 births
Living people
Scottish movie actors
Scottish television actors
Meqabyan (Amharic: መቃብያን), also called called Ethiopic Maccabees or Ethiopian Maccabees, are three books in the Ethiopian Orthodox Old Testament Biblical canon. These books are very different in content from the books of Maccabees in Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Bibles. The Maccabees described in these books are not those of the Hasmonean dynasty, and the "Five Holy Maccabean Martyrs" here do not match "Woman with seven sons", who were also called "Maccabees" and are revered throughout Orthodoxy as the "Holy Maccabean Martyrs".

These books were only written in Ethiopian languages for a long time, but have recently been translated into English.

1st Book of Ethiopian Maccabees
According to this book, a certain man from the territory of Benjamin called Meqabis had three sons Abya (Amharic: አብያ- Abijah), Seela (Amharic: ሴላ- Shelah), and Pantos (Pantera), who opposed the tyrannical policies of the king and refused to worship his idols. Their account consumes only a short section of the book, spanning chapters 2 through chapter 5.  A second group of brothers are later introduced in Chapter 15. They are called: Yihuda (Amharic: ይሁዳ- Judah), Meqabis and Mebikyas, and they are said to have lead a successful revolt against the ruthless King Akrandis of Midian. This appears to be a historical allusion to the king Alexander I Balas, who ruled the Seleucid Empire after the death of Antiochius IV, and who supported the legitimacy of the Maccabees cause. However, in this folk rendering of history, Mebikyas enters the king's military camp and decapitates him at his dinner table, while his food was still in his mouth. The remainder of the book, chapters 16 to 36, have no dealing with the Maccabees (disambiguation) revolt and offer no further historical narrative. Their purpose is unknown, as they recount significant events from the Old Testament.

2nd Book of Ethiopian Maccabees
The Book of Second Meqabyan has 21 chapters.  It starts: "After he found the Jews in Syrian Mesopotamia".  The story says that a king of Moab named Meqabis made war against Israel as a punishment on them.  Later he felt bad for his sins and taught the people living in Israel God's law. After his death, Tsirutsaydan introduced idolatry and burnt the sons of Meqabis.

3rd Book of Ethiopian Maccabees
The Book of Third Meqabyan has 10 chapters.  It starts: "And the islands of Egypt shall rejoice". It tells about salvation and punishment, as seen in the lives of Adam, Job, David and others.

English Translations 
    Selassie, Feqade. Ethiopian Books of Meqabyan 1–3, in Standard English. 2008; Lulu Press Inc, Raleigh, NC

    Curtin, D.P. The 1st Book of Ethiopian Maccabees. 2017; Dalcassian Publishing, Philadelphia, PA

References

Other websites
 The Biblical Canon Of The Ethiopian Orthodox Church Today, by R. W. Cowley - specific info on Meqabyan 1-3 found at footnote #9
 The Book of First Meqabyan in Iyaric

Religious texts
The Bloodhound is a large breed of dog famous for its tracking ability by scent. It stands 23–27 inches (58–69 cm) tall and weighs 80–110 pounds (36–50 kg). It has a long nose, large ears with wrinkles on its face. Its fur is short and its coat is usually a brown and black color. Bloodhounds are known to be a gentle and affectionate breed. This breed lives an average of six years and nine months. Bloodhounds are often used by police because of their tracking ability.

References 

Dog breeds
Christopher James Kluwe (born December 24, 1981 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a former American football Punter. Kluwe played for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). Kluwe was undrafted but played college football at the University of California.

He is a supporter of same-sex marriage and released a letter on Deadspin that he sent to Maryland state assembly delegate Emmett Burns. In the letter he defended the opinions of Baltimore Ravens linebacker Brendon Ayanbadejo who is a supporter of same-sex marriage and criticized Burns for sending a letter to the Ravens owners to "inhibit such expressions" by their employee and trying to stifle Ayanbadejo's freedom of speech.

References

Other websites
Chris Kluwe at nfl.com

1981 births
Living people
American football punters
American LGBT rights activists
Minnesota Vikings players
Sportspeople from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American bloggers
The Hangover is a 2009 American comedy movie and the first installment of the trilogy. The movie is directed by Todd Phillips, and stars Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms, Zach Galifianakis, Justin Bartha, Ken Jeong, Heather Graham and Jeffrey Tambor. It follows three men looking for another friend in Las Vegas, before the wedding is cancelled.

Cast 
 Bradley Cooper as Phil Wenneck
 Ed Helms as Dr. Stu Price
 Zach Galifianakis as Alan Garner
 Heather Graham as Jade
 Mike Epps as Black Doug
 Justin Bartha as Doug Billings
 Jeffrey Tambor as Sid Garner
 Ken Jeong as Leslie Chow
 Rachael Harris as Melissa
 Rob Riggle as Officer Franklin
 Sasha Barrese as Tracy Garner
 Bryan Callen as Eddie
 Ian Anthony Dale as Chow's henchmen
 Gillian Vigman as Stephanie Wenneck

Release dates

Ratings
The Hangover received mostly positive reviews:

Rotten Tomatoes - 78%
Metacritic - 73% out of 100
Roger Ebert - 4.5 out of 5

References

Other websites
The Hangover's Official website
 
 

2009 buddy movies
2009 comedy movies
2000s black comedy movies
American black comedy movies
German comedy movies
Buddy comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies set in Las Vegas
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Todd Phillips
Wheel theory is the theory of wheels. A wheel is an algebraic structure where division by 0 has meaning. The term wheel was inspired by the topological picture .

Definition 
A wheel is an algebraic structure satisfying(for all values , , and ):

 Addition and multiplication are commutative and associative, with  and  as their respective identities.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Wheels replace the usual division with a unary operator applied to one argument  similar (but not identical) to the multiplicative inverse , such that  becomes shorthand for . Also,  replaces the fraction .

References
Carlström, Jesper: . Mathematical Structures in Computer Science, 14(2004): no. 1, 143–184 (also available online here ).

Fields of mathematics
The fundamental theorem of calculus is central to the study of calculus.  It is the theorem that shows the relationship between the derivative and the integral and between the definite integral and the indefinite integral.  It is broken into two parts, the first fundamental theorem of calculus and the second fundamental theorem of calculus.

Background
A definition for derivative, definite integral, and indefinite integral (antiderivative) is necessary in understanding the fundamental theorem of calculus. The derivative can be thought of as measuring the change of the value of a variable with respect to another variable. The definite integral is the net area under the curve of a function and above the x-axis over an interval [a,b]. The indefinite integral (antiderivative) of a function f is another function F whose derivative is equal to the first function f.

History
The history of the fundamental theorem of calculus begins as early as the seventeenth century with  Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Isaac Newton.  Leibniz looked at integration as the sum of infinite amounts of areas that are accumulated. As such, he references the important concept of area as it relates to the definition of the integral.  Isaac Newton used geometry to describe the relationship between acceleration, velocity, and distance. This is key in understanding the relationship between the derivative and the integral; acceleration is the derivative of velocity, which is the derivative of distance, and distance is the antiderivative of velocity, which is the antiderivative of acceleration.  In 1823, Cauchy defined the definite integral by the limit definition. Also in the nineteenth century, Siméon Denis Poisson described the definite integral as the difference of the antiderivatives [F(b) − F(a)] at the endpoints a and b, describing what is now the first fundamental theorem of calculus.  It wasn’t until the 1950s that all of these concepts were tied together to call the theorem the fundamental theorem of calculus.

Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
The second fundamental theorem of calculus states that if the function f is continuous, then

This means that the derivative of the integral of a function f with respect to the variable t over the interval [a,x] is equal to the function f with respect to x. This describes the derivative and integral as inverse processes.

First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
The first fundamental theorem of calculus states that if the function f(x) is continuous, then

This means that the definite integral over an interval [a,b] is equal to the antiderivative evaluated at b minus the antiderivative evaluated at a. This gives the relationship between the definite integral and the indefinite integral (antiderivative).

References 

Calculus
Mathematical theorems
Mafia II is the 2010 sequel to Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven. It was released on August 24, 2010 in North America and August 27, 2010 in the PAL region. The game is set in Empire Bay which is a parody of The Empire State, the nickname for New York in the years 1945 to 1955. Mafia II was protested by an Italian-American group because they thought the game was portraying ethnic stereotypes.

Third sequel
A third and become the final series of Mafia is Mafia III, it has been released in 2016.

Other websites
 Mafia II's Official website

References 

2010 video games
Windows games
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Adventure games
Video game sequels
Shooter video games
London Bridge station is a major railway and London Underground station in the London Borough of Southwark. It is immediately south-east of London Bridge and 1.6 miles (2.6 km) east of Charing Cross. It is the oldest railway terminus in London, opened in June 1839. There is also a bus station. It is the fourth busiest rail terminal in London. In addition, it is where many commuters transfer between lines.

The mainline station is one of 18 railway stations managed by Network Rail and is a major transport terminus and interchange for south London. Over 54 million people a year use the station.

The underground station is a junction station of two lines, the Jubilee Line and the Bank branch of the Northern Line. All underground platforms are accessed through ticket barriers. The station is in Travelcard Zone 1. It is south of the River Thames, so it does not have a direct connection to the Circle Line.

References 

London Travelcard zone 1
Railway stations in London
Jubilee line stations
Railway stations opened in 1863
1863 establishments in England
Watling Street is the name of an ancient route in England.  It was first used by the Ancient Britons between Canterbury and St Albans. 

Later the Romans made it one of the main Roman roads in Britain.  The Romans paved the route from London to the port of Dover, and from London to St Albans.  'Street' comes from the old word for paving.  Eventually, the road stretched to Caerwent in Wales on the Severn estuary, just west of Chepstow.

Its route is now covered by the A2 road from Dover to London, and the A5 road from London to Wroxeter (Roman Viriconium, in modern Shropshire).  These are major roads in England, which still exist alongside the modern motorways. 

Mancetter on Watling Street is thought to be  the site of Boudica's defeat by the Romans. Later, the A5 was part of the southwestern border of the Danelaw. In the early 19th century, the course between London and the Channel was paved and became known as the Great Dover Road. At various points along the historic route, the name Watling Street is still used. JAMES STYLES

Roman roads in Britain
The Kia Picanto is a car produced by Kia Motors. It replaced the Kia Pride in 2003. The Hyundai i10 is based on the Picanto's platform.

Engines 
 1.0 Mazda 44 kW (60 hp)
 1.3 Toyota 48 kW (65 hp)
 1.3 CRDi 55 kW (75 hp)

Picanto
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Southwark Cathedral, in Southwark, London, lies on the south bank of the River Thames close to London Bridge. 

It is the mother church of the Anglican Diocese of Southwark. It has been a place of Christian worship for over 1,000 years, but a cathedral only since 1905.  The present building is mainly Gothic, from 1220 to 1420.  

The main railway line from London Bridge station to Cannon Street station passes close to the cathedral, blocking the view from the south side. Borough Market and the Hall of the Worshipful Company of Glaziers and Painters of Glass by the river are close by.

History

Saxon and medieval 
The earliest reference to the site was in the Domesday Book survey of 1086. The 'Minster' of Southwark seems to be under the control of Bishop Odo of Bayeux (William the Conqueror's half-brother). Its early history is obscure. A Saxon minster (a teaching church) served a south Thames area. In 1106, Henry I's reign, the latter became an Augustinian Priory: Norman stonework can still be seen, and Thomas Becket preached here before departing to Canterbury, days before his murder in 1170.

Architecture 
The church is the oldest Gothic church building in London, built from 1220 to 1420. It is one of the smallest cathedrals, which is because it was not built as a cathedral, but as a Priory chapel.

Choir 
The cathedral has three choirs, The main Cathedral Choir is supported financially by the St Olave's & St Saviour's Schools Foundation. They were two parochial schools set up in the 1560s, and still hold their annual services here as their 'foundation' church.

References

Other websites 
Southwark Cathedral official website

Anglican Cathedrals
Buildings and structures in London
London Borough of Southwark
4LYN is a German nu metal group, based in Hamburg. It formed in 1995 as Headtrip.

History 
In the year 2000 the band renamed to 4LYN after realizing the band name Headtrip was used by many other rock bands all over the world. The letters LYN are for Little Young Nasties and the 4 for the sum of the band members. They became famous after touring with bands such as Papa Roach, Dredg, Thumb and Therapy?. Finally in spring 2001 they released their first album. In 2002 they continued their successful way with another album called neon and live performances such as on Rock am Ring and the Desperados-Tour together with Cosmotron and Dredg. In the mid-2000s, they changed their style from nu metal to emo and alternative rock.

Discography

Albums 
 4LYN (2001 Motor Music)
 neon (2002 Motor Music)
 Take It As A Compliment (2004 Edel Records)
 Take It As A Compliment / Live Compliments (2004 Edel Records)
 Compadres (2005 Rodeostar/Edel Records)
 Hello (2008 Rodeostar/SPV)
 Live in Hamburg (22008 Rodeostar/SPV)
 Quasar (Very Us, 2012)

Singles 
 Whooo! (2001 Motor Music)
 Bahama Mama (2001 Motor Music)
 Lyn (2001 Motor Music)
 Pearls & Beauty (2002 Motor Music)
 Husky (2002 Motor Music)
 Hey Ho, Let's Go (2003 Self-release)
 Kisses Of A Strobelight (2004 Edel Records)
 Matilda, Matilda (Promo Single) (2004 Edel Records)
 Drrty Rokka (2005 Rodeostar/Edel Records)
 Go, Sea Devils! (2007 Rodeostar/Edel Records)
 Hello (For You I'm Dying) (2008 Rodeostar/SPV)

DVD's 
 The Good Life Period (2008)
 Live In Hamburg (2008)
 Hello (Limited Edition) (includes CD/DVD) (2009)

Other websites
 Official homepage
 myspace-Page
 Discography @ DISCOGS
 4LYN @ Last.fm 
 Full detailed Fanpage by Petra Preuss  
 4LYN @ Webpark 

German rock bands
Nu metal bands
Cannon Street station is a central London railway terminus and London Underground station complex in the City of London, the financial district of London. It is built on the site of the mediaeval Steelyard, the trading base in England of the Hanseatic League. It is in Travelcard Zone 1.

Rail 
This  is a terminal station approached across the River Thames by the Cannon Street Railway Bridge, with entrances from Cannon Street and Dowgate Hill. Its approach by rail is by a triangular connection to both London Bridge station and Charing Cross station. Cannon Street is one of seventeen UK railway stations managed by Network Rail.

Original structure 

The station was opened by the South Eastern Railway on 1 September 1866. The original station building had two Wren-style towers,  square and  high, which faced on to the River Thames. The towers supported a  long iron train shed crowned by a high single arch, almost semicircular, of glass and iron. To this was joined in 1867 an Italianate style hotel and forecourt. These gave passenger facilities, as well as an impressive frontage onto the street.

References 

Railway stations in London
Circle line stations
District line stations
1866 establishments in the United Kingdom
1860s establishments in England
Farringdon station is a London Underground and National Rail station in Clerkenwell, just north of the City of London in the London Borough of Islington.

Current developments 
Farringdon will, from 2017, be one of the country's busiest stations (if not the busiest station) by number of trains passing through, being served by both Crossrail and the upgraded Thameslink route, as well as the existing Underground lines.

Thameslink upgrade 
Farringdon station has been renovated, to allow longer Thameslink trains to fit, and to make other improvements to the station. The existing station building will be given a new roof canopy, and a new entrance and concourse facing Turnmill Street. Platforms will be made wider and longer, which will require the Cowcross Street bridge pillars to be moved. The bridge, along with the Cardinal Tower building, will be torn down and rebuilt once the pillars have been shifted.Cowcross Street will be made into a street for pedestrians only. Lifts will be provided throughout.

The existing ticket hall and concourse will be re-built. Interchange within the station will be improved by means of removing the existing interchange bridge and installing new stairs and lifts with access to all four platforms, thereby allowing disabled passengers to use the station.

Extending the platforms towards the north could not be done due mainly due to the steep gradient (1 in 27) of the Thameslink line immediately north of Farringdon. The platforms therefore had to be extended to the south, cutting off the two-station branch to Moorgate. As a result, since Christmas 2009 Thameslink trains no longer call at Barbican and Moorgate stations, but London Underground still serve those stations.

The new station is designed by the architects from the firm Aukett Fitzroy Robinson.

Crossrail development 
A 'Farringdon' Crossrail station is being built between Farringdon and Barbican underground (tube) stations and it will have interchanges with both of them. Access at the Farringdon end will be via the new Thameslink ticket hall. Work will not be complete until 2017.

References 

Railway stations in London
Circle line stations
Hammersmith & City line stations
Metropolitan line stations
Tube stations in the London Borough of Islington
1863 establishments in England
Railway stations opened in 1863
St Pancras station, also known since 2007 as St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus celebrated for its Victorian architecture.

Buildings
The Grade I listed building stands on Euston Road between the British Library, King's Cross station and the Regent's Canal. It was opened in 1868 by the Midland Railway as its southern terminus. The company became the LMS: the London, Midland and Scottish railway. When the station opened, the arched train shed was the largest single-span roof in the world.

History
After escaping planned demolition in the 1960s, the complex was renovated and expanded during the 2000s at a cost of £800 million. A secure terminal area was constructed for Eurostar services to continental Europe—via High Speed 1 and the Channel Tunnel—along with platforms for domestic connections to the north and south-east of England. The restored station houses fifteen platforms, a shopping centre and a bus station, in addition to London Underground services from King's Cross St. Pancras tube station.  St Pancras is owned by London and Continental Railways along with the adjacent urban regeneration area known as King's Cross Central.

References 

Railway stations in London
1868 establishments in the United Kingdom
1860s establishments in England
Railway stations opened in 1868
Doctor is an academic degree, awarded by a university or similar institution. "Doctor" is used to refer to a person with a doctorate.

To obtain the degree, people need to pass a special exam, called a doctorate, or by writing a thesis. The requirements vary according to the subject-matter. A doctorate is usually regarded as a higher degree than a bachelor's degree (such as B.A. or B.Sc)

People who have a doctor's degree may use the title "doctor", though in practice it is often used only by medical doctors. Medical doctors examine, diagnose and treat patients. They can specialize in a number of medical areas, such as pediatrics, anesthesiology or cardiology, or they can work as general practice physicians. Becoming a medical doctor requires a doctoral degree in medicine and participating in clinical training. Medical doctors need a licence, and certification may also be required for many specialists.     

 Medical doctor or Doctor of Medicine, a person who practices medicine. Degrees vary: M.D. is common in the United States; MRCP is common in the UK, and they are addressed as "doctor" whatever the degree.
 Surgeon, a doctor who performs surgery is in the UK not called "doctor", because the legal qualification is MRCS: Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, and because the profession had a different origin.
Physiotherapist, a Physiotherapist having Doctor of Physiotherapy is also called Doctor in USA and in countries like India "traditional and conventional use of Doctor" can be used by using "PT" as suffix for B.P.T.(Bachelor of Physiotherapy) degree holders.
 
 Juris Doctor or Doctor of Law
 Doctor of Philosophy a general degree for any subject which offers a doctorate for research and presentation of a thesis.

 Universities may award doctorates to people who have done a lot in their fields of study: these are called honorary doctorates. There is no set rule for this. Very often, these are abbreviated "Doctor h.c." (for "honoris causa"). 

Titles
The Newfoundland is a large breed of dog that originated in Newfoundland. They were first used by fishermen and sailors to carry goods and would jump overboard to save people from drowning. Newfoundlands are great swimmers because of their waterproof fur, their webbed feet and their strong muscles.

The Newfoundland is a very large dog breed, standing 26–28 inches (66–71 cm) and weighing 100–150 pounds (45–68 kg). The largest Newfoundland found was 72 inches (180 cm) long and weighed 160 pounds (73 kg). Their coat of fur is usually long and a black, brown or gray color. Their facial hair is very short. The head is very large and the face is smooth with few wrinkles. The ears are long and wide, and reach below the jaw. The neck is strong and muscular. The Newfoundland's chest is large and wide with a large lung capacity. Because Newfoundlands are excellent swimmers, their thighs are very strong and muscular and their feet are tight. Their tail is very strong and is important for them to swim well.

Newfoundlands can suffer from a lot of health problems. They are the fifth most likely breed to have hip dysplasia. Newfoundlands can have problems with cystinuria in a similar way to humans. Newfoundlands can inherit subvalvular aortic stenosis, a trait which hurts the heart.

Newfoundlands are known to be very gentle and loyal dogs. Because of their protective nature for children, Newfoundlands have been used as watchdogs. They have very thick fur so owners need to brush it once a week.

References 

Dog breeds
The PlayStation Store is an online market for users of Sony's PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita game consoles via the PlayStation Network.

Other websites
Media Go download page
US PlayStation Store information page on PlayStation.com
UK PlayStation Store information page on PlayStation.com
Japan PlayStation Store information page on PlayStation.com
European PlayStation Store updates

PlayStation
Boys Don't Cry is a 1999 American drama movie. The stars of the movie are Hilary Swank and Chloe Sevigny. This movie is about Brandon Teena (1972-1993), a female-to-male transsexual in Nebraska who was raped and murdered.

Other websites 

1999 drama movies
1999 romance movies
1990s biographical movies
1999 LGBT movies
1990s romantic drama movies
20th Century Fox movies
Academy Award winning movies
American biographical movies
American LGBT movies
American romantic drama movies
English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
LGBT drama movies
LGBT romance movies
Movies based on real life events
Movies set in Nebraska
Murder in movies
Rape in movies
Transgender in movies
American independent movies
Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was an American social worker and sociologist. She was born in Cedarville, Illinois. In 1886, she founded a place called Hull House along with Ellen Gates Starr. It tried to take care of the problems poor people and immigrants faced in Chicago. She wanted more peace, and more civil rights for immigrants and women.  She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931, and was the first American woman to earn it. She was the sister of Alice Haldeman. Addams was a lesbian. She died in Chicago.

Related pages
List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people

References

Other websites

1860 births
1935 deaths
American activists
American Nobel Prize winners
American sociologists
Lesbians
LGBT Nobel Prize winners
LGBT people from Chicago
LGBT scientists
Nonviolence advocates
Scientists from Chicago
Hurricane Audrey was the most powerful June hurricane in the recorded history of the Atlantic since record keeping began. This storm struck Louisiana and Texas, killing more than 500. This hurricane was a very powerful category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson scale.

Hurricanes in the United States
1957 in the United States
20th century in Louisiana
20th century in Texas
June events
Hurricane Joan was a powerful and deadly hurricane during 1988. Over 200 people died because of Joan. The hurricane reached Category 4 strength.

Hurricanes
Hurricanes in Mexico
1988
Richard Rusczyk is one of the creators of the Mandelbrot competition, and the founder of Art of Problem Solving (AoPS) Inc. He also founded the San Diego Math Circle.

Rusczyk graduated from Princeton University in 1993.

References

Other websites
The Art of Problem Solving

Living people
1971 births
American mathematicians
An unfinished building is a building that was being built, but was either abandoned or is on hold. There are many different reasons why buildings have not been completed. One of the biggest reasons for unfinished buildings, is when the money runs out. The National Monument in Scotland was planned to be a War Memorial for soldiers killed in the Napoleonic Wars. Building started in 1826, but the money ran out in 1829. The Sagrada Família, a church in Barcelona, Spain, was started in 1882 and is still not finished. It is not finished because when the architect, Antoni Gaudí, died in 1926 after he was hit by a tram, and he did not leave many plans for the building. What was left was destroyed during the Spanish Civil War. The war also meant that there was not enough money to complete the project.

Some examples 
 Duomo di Siena, Sienna, Italy
 Goodwood House, West Sussex, England
 Herrenchiemsee, Bavaria, Germany
 Szkieletor, Kraków, Poland 
 Woodchester Mansion, Stroud, Gloucester, England
 Parliament House, Wellington, New Zealand
 Bishop Castle, Colorado, USA
 Boldt Castle, Thousand Islands, New York USA
 National Monument, Edinburgh, Scotland
 Ajuda National Palace, Lisbon, Portugal
 Cuenca Cathedral, Cuenca, Spain
 Winchester Mystery House, San Jose, California, USA
 Neuschwanstein Castle, Bavaria, Germany
 Torre de la Escollera, Cartagena, Colombia
 Plaza Rakyat, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 Sagrada Família, Barcelona, Spain

References

Construction
Joseph Albert Pierre Paul Pilote (December 11, 1931 – September 9, 2017) was a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman that played his playing career for the Chicago Black Hawks and Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). Pilote won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Black Hawks in 1961 and became the captain of the Black Hawks. Pilote won the Norris trophy 3 times one in 1963, one in 1964 and one in 1965.

Pilote died in Barrie, Ontario on September 9, 2017 of cancer at the age of 85.

Awards
Pilote won many awards during his playing career:

Norris Trophy (1963, 1964, 1965)
1st & 2nd all-star team (1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967)
Stanley Cup (1961)
Hockey Hall of Fame (1975)
#59 on The Hockey News' list of the 100 greatest hockey players.

References

Other websites

Pierre Pilote at LegendsofHockey.com

1931 births
2017 deaths
Cancer deaths in Ontario
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Quebec
James Norris Memorial Trophy winners
Stanley Cup champions
Toronto Maple Leafs players
American Hockey League players
Twinkie the Kid is the mascot for Twinkies, a cream-filled snack cake.  He is a  trademark of Interstate Bakeries Corporation and has appeared on Twinkie packaging, in commercials, and as collectible related merchandise.

Description
Twinkie the Kid is an anthropomorphized Twinkie, which means he is a Twinkie that has been given human-like features.  He looks like a wrangler and wears boots, gloves, a kerchief, and a ten-gallon hat.

Related pages
Captain Cupcake
Fruit Pie the Magician

Advertising
Mascots
Fictional characters
Animated characters
Un medico in famiglia (in ) is an Italian drama TV series. It aired on Rai 1 and started in 1998. It is now in its ninth season.

The TV series focuses around the lives of the Martini family. They live in Rome. Lele Martini is a doctor and a widower with three children: Maria, Francesco "Ciccio" and Anna "Annuccia". He falls in love with his sister-in-law, Alice Solari. At the end of the second season, they get married and have two twins. Lele hires Cettina as their au pair. Cettina is a Neapolitan woman (she comes from Mondragone) who pretends to be Polish in order to be hired. Eventually the Martinis find out that Cettina is actually Italian, but they do not fire her. At the beginning of the third season Lele, Alice and their twins leave Italy in order to live in Australia. Lele puts his children in the hands of their grandpa, Nonno Libero. Cettina falls in love with Torello, a funeral director. They get married at the end of the third season. Maria falls in love with Guido, a doctor. They get married at the end of the fourth season.

In the sixth season Lele, who divorced from Alice, returns home with his children, Bobo and Elena. Cettina is disappeared in a shipwreck: she is supposed to be dead, but this is not true. In fact, she lost her memory and became a very rich woman in the United States. She decided to go to Italy for an holiday and here she meets the Martinis. She gradually recovers her memory and joins her husband and her son, Eros. Lele in this season has two girlfriends: the doctress Funny and the chocolate seller Bianca. Eventually he decides to get engaged to Bianca. Melina, Cettina's cousin, is hires as the Martinis new au pair. She falls in love with Dante Piccione, a gauche man who gambles on the horses.

1998 television series debuts
Italian television
Christos Kostas Tselios (born January 25, 1962 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American retired professional ice hockey defenceman that played his playing career for the Chicago Blackhawks, Montreal Canadiens, Detroit Red Wings and Atlanta Thrashers of the National Hockey League (NHL). Chelios won the Stanley Cup in 2008 and was also the captain of the Chicago Blackhawks from 1995 to 1999. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on July 9, 2013.

References

Other websites

1962 births
American ice hockey players
Atlanta Thrashers players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Detroit Red Wings players
Montreal Canadiens players
James Norris Memorial Trophy winners
Sportspeople from Chicago
Stanley Cup champions
Living people
American Hockey League players
Ice hockey defencemen
Claude Percy Lemieux (born July 16, 1965 in Buckingham, Quebec) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Montreal Canadiens, New Jersey Devils, Colorado Avalanche, Phoenix Coyotes, Dallas Stars and the San Jose Sharks. Lemieux won the Stanley Cup 4 times once in 1986 with the Montreal Canadiens, once in 1995 with the San Jose Sharks, once in 1996 with the Colorado Avalanche and once in 200 with the New Jersey Devils.

On July 8, 2009, Lemieux announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

References

Other websites

1965 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Colorado Avalanche players
Conn Smythe Trophy winners
Dallas Stars players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Living people
Montreal Canadiens players
New Jersey Devils players
Phoenix Coyotes players
San Jose Sharks players
Stanley Cup champions
Trois-Rivières Draveurs players
Verdun Junior Canadiens players
Verdun Juniors players
Zune was an entertainment platform and portable media player made by Microsoft.

The Zune Marketplace was an online music, video and podcast store that integrates with Zune software, Zune devices, phones with Zune support, and Xbox 360.

References

Microsoft gaming consoles