cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
John Singer Sargent (January 12, 1856 – April 14, 1925) was an American artist. He was the leading portrait painter of his day.

During his career, he created about 900 oil paintings and more than 2,000 watercolors, as well as many sketches and charcoal drawings. He travelled worldwide. His parents were American, but he was trained in Paris, and then moved to London.

His "Portrait of Madame X" resulted in scandal, though today it is hard to see why. She was thought to be somewhat loose sexually. In the original portrait as exhibited, one strap of her gown had fallen down her right shoulder. This suggested to some the possibility of further revelation; "One more struggle", wrote a critic in Le Figaro, "and the lady will be free".

Sargent visited Spain, studied Velázquez, and was entranced with Spanish music and dance. He understood what the Impressionists were doing, and adopted their habit of painting en plein-air. He was a big fan of Monet, and bought four of his works. His portrait of Monet shows he understood what was going on in French art at the time.

Sergent kept his American citizenship, and went back there four times. However, he remained living in London to the end of his life.

References 

American painters
1856 births
1925 deaths
People from Florence
Royal Academicians
The two-body problem is a problem from classical mechanics: there are two bodies which influence each other.  Very often they attract or repel each other. In many cases they rotate. The problem uses bodies which are circles, or spheres. Solving the problem is possible for many situations, but it usually involves higher level mathematics.

Simplification: One body has a mass that is much smaller 
When one of the two bodies has a mass that is much smaller, the influence of this smaller body on the larger one is very small, and can be disregarded. In such a case, the problem can be reformulated as a one-centre problem, where there is a stationary big body in the centre, and a small body orbiting around the big one. This setting is very comon. Johannes Kepler was the first person to formulate and solve it. For this reason, it is also known as Kepler problem.

General solution for the two-body problem 
Isaac Newton was the first person to solve to the general two-body problem.

Three or more bodies 
Mechanics

Looking at the generalizations, there are two other problems which are related:
 The three-body problem (three bodies influence each other): This problem can only be solved exactly for few very special cases. It needs to be approximated for the other ones.
 The n-body problem: n bodies inflience each other: No solutions exist for the general case.
South by Southwest (SXSW) is a set of festivals and conferences. They are about movies, interactive media, and music. It takes place every year in March in Austin, Texas, United States. It began in 1987. It has continued to grow in both scope and size every year.

South by Southwest is run by the company SXSW, Inc.

Overview

SXSW Music 
SXSW Music is the largest music festival in the world. It had more than 2,000 performances in 2014.

In 1987, 700 people attended the music event. In 2009, there were over 32,000 registrants.

Bands must pay for their own travel and lodging at the event. All performers get a cash payment ($100 for solo musicians or $250 for bands) or a wristband that gives them access to all music events.

SXSW Film

Conference
SXSW Film Conference lasts for five days. There are speakers, workshops, mentor sessions and more, with expert filmmakers and industry leaders.

In 2015, there were over 250 sessions with 735 speakers. Important speakers in the past include Lena Dunham, Jon Favreau, Mark Duplass, Ava DuVernay, Ryan Gosling, Nicolas Cage, Alejandro Jodorowsky, Tilda Swinton, Amy Schumer, Sally Field, Joss Whedon, Christine Vachon, RZA, Matthew McConaughey, Danny Boyle, Seth MacFarlane, Catherine Hardwicke, Richard Linklater, David Gordon Green, Harmony Korine, Henry Rollins, Sarah Green and Robert Rodriguez.

Festival
The SXSW Film Festival runs nine days. The SXSW Film Awards is on the last day of the Film Conference.

In 2015, the SXSW Film Festival showed 150 feature movies and 106 short movies. They were selected from 7,361 submissions. Past movies that premiered at SXSW include Furious 7, Neighbors, Chef, 21 Jump Street, The Cabin in the Woods, Bridesmaids and Insidious, and the TV series Girls, Silicon Valley and Penny Dreadful.

Although the film festival often shows independently produced movies, studios have often shown their comedies there before they are released. They do this to get an idea of how popular the movie will be in theaters.

SXSW Interactive 
SXSW Interactive is about new technology. The festival includes a trade show, speakers, parties, and a startup accelerator.  According to a festival organizer Louis Black, SXSW Interactive "has probably been the biggest of its kind in the world" since 2007.

References

Other websites

 
 The Best of America – South By Southwest Interactive, CounterPunch, March 14, 2014

Festivals in the United States
Austin, Texas
1987 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Texas
Januariusz Mikołaj "Janusz" Bolonek (6 December 1938 – 2 March 2016) was a Polish Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in Huta Dłutowska, Poland. He worked in diplomacy for the Pope. Among other positions, has served as nuntius in Uruguay, Bulgaria, Romania, and in North Macedonia.

Bolonek was made a priest in 1961 in Łódź, Poland. He retired as Apostolic Nuncio in 2013. He died in Łódź on 2 March 2016 of cancer. He was aged 77.

References

1938 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Poland
Polish Roman Catholics
Roman Catholic bishops
Benoît Lacroix (8 September 1915 – 2 March 2016) was a Canadian theologian, philosopher, and Dominican priest. He was a professor in Medieval studies and historian of the Mediaeval period. He was the author of almost 50 works and a great number of articles. He was born in Saint-Michel-de-Bellechasse, Quebec.

Lacroix died in Quebec on 2 March 2016 from problems caused by pneumonia. He was 100 years old.

References

1915 births
2016 deaths
20th-century philosophers
21st-century philosophers
Canadian academics
Canadian educators
Canadian historians
Canadian centenarians
Christian theologians
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Quebec
Infectious disease deaths in Canada
Writers from Quebec
Canadian philosophers
Ashok Ghosh (2 July 1921 – 3 March 2016) was an Indian Bengali politician. He was the senior leader of All India Forward Bloc political party. He held the position of the state general secretary of Forward Bloc in West Bengal from 1946 until his death in 2016.

Ghosh died in Kolkata from multiple organ failure on 3 March 2016. He was 94 years old.

References

1921 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Disease-related deaths in India
Indian politicians
Arjun Bijlani (born 31 October 1982) is an Indian television actor. He played Aalekh in Right Left and Mayank Sharma in Miley Jab Hum Tum.  His other work includes Jo Biwi Se Kare Pyaar. In April 2015, Bijlani played Shikhar Mehra in Meri Aashiqui Tumse Hi. He plays the lead role of Hritikh in the television drama Naagin.

History 
Bijlani was born on 31 October 1982. He has appeared in many advertisements, including LG, Samsung and BPL Mobile. He has been in many music videos. He was in Kartika, a Disney Channel show, with Jennifer Winget. He has been in many serials, including Miley Jab Hum Tum,Pardes Mein Mila Koi Apna. He also hosted a show named Road Diaries.

Personal life
He is married to Neha Swami and they have one children Ayaan Bijlani.

Filmography

Television

Movies

References

Other websites 

 Arjun Bijlani Official website

1982 births
Living people
Actors from Mumbai
Indian television actors
The Torres Strait Islands are a group of at least 274 small islands. Most of the islands are part of the state of Queensland, Australia. A small number are part of Papua New Guinea. The islands are in the Torres Strait. The indigenous people of the islands are Torres Strait Islanders. In 2011, the population was 4,248. The island with the most people is Thursday Island.

References

Islands of Oceania
Islands of Australia
Melanesia
Papua New Guinea
Geography of Queensland
Indigenous Australian communities
Adopted on March 30, 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution granted African-American men the right to vote. It was one of the Reconstruction Amendments.

Text

Background 
Nowhere in the original Constitution or the Bill of Rights were Americans given the right to vote. The Fifteenth Amendment gave African-American men the right to vote. But not until the 1960s did judicial interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment conclude the right to vote was a fundamental right of all citizens.

The reasons behind the omissions of voting rights in the Bill of Rights and Constitution is that including them would have been too controversial at the time. Each state had different rules for who could vote. Some allowed free blacks the right to vote. Others allowed women the right to vote. A few states required ownership of property in order to vote.

In the Election of 1868, Republican Party candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, won the presidency by only a narrow majority of the popular vote. He received support from free black voters in the South. Without that support, he probably would have lost the election. At the time blacks could not vote in the Northern states. The Republican party needed help to stay in power and thought that black votes would help. At the time Republicans controlled both the Senate and House. The proposed amendment was passed by Congress in 1869 and sent to the states for ratification. It was quickly ratified by three-quarters of the states in early 1870. Part of the reason why is that Republicans also controlled the state governments in the South. Southern Democrats were not able to block the measure.

Results 
After passage, the Fifteenth Amendment did not have much of any impact on black voting in the South for nearly a century. Southerners used various methods including terrorism, poll taxes and grandfather clauses to prevent blacks from voting. Congress and the Supreme Court repeatedly struck down voting restrictions. For example, in a landmark decision in Smith v. Allwright (1944), The Court decision made it unconstitutional to keep African-Americans from voting in a Democratic Party primary in Texas. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 which stated that all Americans had the right to vote, including African-Americans. But overcoming these problems on a case-by-case basis was proving to be unsuccessful. As soon as one form of discrimination was stopped, a new one appeared in its place. The Voting Rights Act of 1965, removed further barriers to minorities voting. It was amended five times by Congress to extend its protections as needed.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Impact of the 13th, 14th & 15th amendment
 U.S. Constitution's Fifteenth Amendment: Removing Race Qualifications for Voting

15
Voting
The War of the Oranges,  or the War of the grapefruit was a brief conflict in Alentjo in 1801. French and Spanish troops invaded Portugal.

1801
1800s in Europe
Wars involving France
Wars involving Portugal
Wars involving Spain
19th century in France
19th century in Spain
History of Portugal
Deadpool is a 2016 American superhero movie. It is based on the Marvel Comics's character Deadpool. The movie was directed by Tim Miller and it was produced by Simon Kinberg, Ryan Reynolds, and Lauren Shuler Donner. It was Miller's first movie as a director. A sequel movie titled Deadpool 2 has been released in 2018.

Deadpool was first premiered at Le Grand Rex in Paris on February 8, 2016. It was released in North America on February 12, 2016. Principal photography for the movie started in Vancouver on March 23, 2015 and ended on May 29, 2015.

Cast 
 Ryan Reynolds as Wade Wilson / Deadpool
 Morena Baccarin as Vanessa Carlysle
 Ed Skrein as Francis Freeman / Ajax
 T. J. Miller as Weasel
 Gina Carano as Angel Dust
 Brianna Hildebrand as Negasonic Teenage Warhead
 Stefan Kapičić (voice) and André Tricateux (motion capture) as Pietr Rasputin / Colossus

Reception
The movie got positive reviews from critics and audiences. It has a 83% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Peter Travers of Rolling Stone said that the movie was "party time for action junkies" and also that Reynolds may have found the role that defines his career.

References

Other websites
Official website

2016 comedy movies
2010s action comedy movies
2010s superhero movies
20th Century Fox movies
American action comedy movies
Cancer in movies
English-language movies
Nonlinear narrative movies
Movies about revenge
Movies based on comics
Movies produced by Lauren Shuler Donner
Movies produced by Simon Kinberg
Movies set in New York
Screenplays by Paul Wernick
Screenplays by Rhett Reese
Self-reflexive movies
Deadpool movies
X-Men (movie series)
American superhero movies
Sophie Dessus (24 September 1955 – 3 March 2016) was a French Socialist politician. She was born in Suresnes, France. She represented Corrèze's First Constituency in the National Assembly, the first woman to represent Corrèze in the National Assembly. She served from 20 June 2012 until her death in 3 March 2016.

Dessus died in Limoges, France of cancer on 3 March 2016. She was aged 60.

References

Other websites
Dessus's official website

1955 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in France
Politicians from Ile-de-France
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Ayatollah Abbas Vaez Tabasi (, 25 June 1935 – 4 March 2016) was an Iranian cleric. He holds memberships at different institutions. He was the Grand Imam and Chairman of the Astan Quds Razavi board from 1979 until his death in 2016. He was born in Tabas, Mashhad.

Tabasi died from respiratory failure in Mashhad, Iran on 4 March 2016. He had lung cancer. Tabasi was aged 80.

References

Other websites
 Official Website 
 BBC article about Naser Vaez-Tabasi 

1935 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Iranian people
People with cancer
Purno Agitok (P. A.) Sangma (1 September 1947 – 4 March 2016) was an Indian politician. He was born in Assam, India. He served as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 1996 to 1998 and Chief Minister of Meghalaya from 1988 to 1990.

Sangma died on 4 March 2016 in New Delhi, India from a heart attack. He was aged 68.

References

1947 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Speakers of the Lok Sabha
(29 November 1968 – 3 March 2016) was a Japanese professional wrestler. He was better known for wrestling under a mask as Hayabusa. He mainly worked for the Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW) promotion. He also wrestled for New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW) and in North America for Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA), Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), and one match with Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW).

Career
Ezaki debuted for New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW) at the 1994 Super J Cup, losing in the first round to Jushin Thunder Liger. He started wrestling under the Hayabusa gimmick in 1993 while he was working in Mexico.

In October 2001, Ezaki suffered a career-ending injury when he tried to perform a springboard moonsault off the middle rope, lost his footing, landed on his head, and cracked two of his vertebrae which left him paralyzed. In 2015, Ezaki had regained the use of his legs and was able to stand on his own and walk with a cane.

On 3 April 2015, Hayabusa took part in a press conference which announced the return of FMW. He had served as the executive producer of the promotion.

Death
On 3 March 2016, Ezaki died from a subarachnoid hemorrhage at age 47. He was found dead in his home by the owner of a tavern that he was supposed to do a small concert for that day, but did not show up.

References 

1968 births
2016 deaths
Japanese professional wrestlers
People from Kumamoto Prefecture
Deaths from subarachnoid hemorrhage
Stuffed animal fetishism (or plushophilia) is a sexual attraction to stuffed animals. People who have this fetish are sometimes called plushies. People who have a stuffed animal fetish are sometimes thought of as furries.

References

Sexuality
Paraphilias
Albert Einstein Square  (, Kikar Albert Einstein) is a public square in Jerusalem, Israel. it is located in the entrance of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities at the Talbiya neighborhood in Jerusalem.

Albert Einstein visited Palestine in 1923 for 12 days. He gave the first lecture at the Mount Scopus campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. 

Einstein was in favor of the Hebrew University, as well as Zionism and education in general. This is the reason the square is named for him. Also, a statue of Einstein is nearby in the gardens of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

References

Other websites 

Albert Einstein
Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Town squares
Def Jam Vendetta is a 2003 professional wrestling video game published by Electronic Arts and developed by AKI Corporation and EA Canada. It was released for the PlayStation 2 and Nintendo GameCube. Def Jam Vendetta was released on March 31, 2003 in North America, May 23, 2003 in PAL regions, and on August 21, 2003 in Japan. It featured hip hop musicians from the Def Jam Records label as fighters. The engine for the game was first designed for a sequel to EA's WCW Mayhem, but EA lost their WCW license when WCW was bought by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 2001.

Reception
IGN rated the game a 8.9 out of 10. Jon Robinson of IGN said that the multiplayer was "smooth" and "slick". GameSpot rated the game 8.4 out of 10. Alex Navarro of GameSpot said "As a wrestling game, Def Jam Vendetta manages to succeed on most every level, providing surprisingly deep gameplay, quality graphics and sound, and a distinctive atmosphere".

References

Other websites

2003 video games
Electronic Arts video games
Nintendo GameCube games
PlayStation 2 games
Sports video games
Hassan 'Abd Allah al-Turabi (c.1932 – 5 March 2016) was a Sudanese religious and Islamist political leader in Sudan. He has been called "one of the most important figures in modern Sudanese politics". He was born in Kassala, Sudan. Al-Turabi was leader of what was called the National Islamic Front (NIF). He served as Speaker of the National Assembly serving from 1996 through 1999. He later served as Secretary General of the Popular Congress Party from 1999 until his death in 2016.

Al-Turabi died in Khartoum, Sudan on 5 March 2016. He was aged 84.

References

1932 births
2016 deaths
African politicians
Civil servants
Muslims
Sudanese people
Berta Isabel Cáceres Flores (4 March 1971, 1972, or 1973 – 2 March 2016) was a Honduran environmental activist and indigenous leader of the Lenca people. She was co-founder and coordinator of the Council of Popular and Indigenous Organizations of Honduras (COPINH). She won the Goldman Environmental Prize in 2015.

Cáceres was killed in her home in La Esperanza, Honduras. She was killed by armed intruders, after years of threats against her life. She was aged 42.

References

1973 births
2016 deaths
Environmentalists
Honduran people
Murders by firearm
People murdered in North America
Alcohol by volume  (often shortened to ABV)  tells how much ethanol there is in an alcoholic drink. The quantity is measured at a temperature  of .
Common levels of alcohol are 3-5 percent for cider, 4-7 percent for beer, and 12-14 percent for wine. Distilled alcoholic drinks ( called spirits)  contain more than twenty percent ethanol.

A directive of the European Union of 1976 says that the alcohol content of alcoholic drinks must be measured using the ABV measurement described above.

Other ways of measuring alcohol content
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1777-1850) and Johann Georg Tralles (1763-1822) developed other means of measuring alcohol content. These units are usually measured in degrees, noted °GL, or °GT. The scale Gay-Lussac developed is almost equal to the ABV scale described above. There may be slight different, because Gay-Lussac measured the alcohol content at 15° centigrade, and not 20°.

Related pages
Alcoholic proof

References

Units of measurement
Alcoholic drink
Yakutia Airlines ("Авиакомпания Якутия") is a Russian airline. It started in 1992 with the name "Sakha Avia". In 2002, the name was changed to "Yakutia Airlines". Today, Yakutia goes from Russia to Asia, Europe and the USA.

Gallery

References

1992 establishments in Russia
Airlines of Asia
Airlines of Europe
Transport in Russia
Hanalei is a census-designated place in Kauai County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 450 at the 2010 census. Hanalei means "lei making" in Hawaiian. Hanalei also means "crescent bay," coming from the shape of Hanalei Bay.

Geography 

Hanalei is located next to Hanalei River on the north shore of the island of Kauai.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Hanalei has a total area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km2), of which 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) is water. The total area is 20.73% water.

History

Imperial Russia 

People from the Russian Empire lived here in the 19th century. In 1815 the German physician Georg Anton Schäffer, who worked with the Russian-American Company, came to Hanalei to get goods taken by Kaumualii. Schäffer got involved in Hawaiian politics and heard of Kaumualiʻi's plan to take back his kingdom of Kauai from Kamehameha I with the help of the Russian Empire. Kaumualiʻi later signed a "treaty" granting Tsar Alexander I protectorate over Kauai. An area near Hanalei used to be part of Russian America.

Demographics 

At the 2000 census, there were 478 people, 193 households and 115 families residing in Hanalei. The population density was 736.7 per square mile (283.9/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 57% White, 18% Asian, 3% Pacific Islander, <1% from other races, and 21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.81% of the population.

There were 193 households of which 25% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40% were married couples living together, 10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40% were non-families.

The median household income was $34,375, and the median family income was $55,750. About 22% of families and 25% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33% of those under the age of 18 and none of those 65 and older.

Climate 

The climate of Hanalei is mild.

References 

Census-designated places in Hawaii
19th-century establishments in Hawaii
In probability and statistics, a probability density function is a function that characterizes any continuous probability distribution. For a random variable X, the probability density function of X is sometimes written as . The integral of the probability density function in the interval  yields the probability that a given random variable with the given density is contained in the interval provided. By definition, the probability density function is non-negative throughout its domain, on which the integral sums up to 1.

Probability density versus probability mass function 
The probability mass function is to a discrete probability distribution what the probability density function is to a continuous probability distribution. The probability density function is necessary to be able to work with continuous distributions. 

A random variable with a continuous probability distribution can take on any value within that distribution. Casting a dice will give the numbers 1 to 6, with a probability of , but this is not a continuous function, as only the numbers 1 to 6 are possible. 

In contrast, two people will not have the same height or the same weight. Using a probability density function, it is possible to determine the probability for people between  and , or between  and , even though there are infinitely many values between these two bounds.

Related pages 

 Cumulative distribution function

References 

Statistics
Heidi Suzanne Cruz (née Nelson;born on August 7, 1972) is an American investment manager at Goldman Sachs. She is the spouse of Republican Texas senator and 2016 U.S. presidential candidate Ted Cruz.

Personal life 

Heidi Suzanne Cruz was born on August 7, 1972 in San Luis Obispo, California, and grew up in a Seventh-day Adventist family. Cruz's political interest developed when she traveled to Washington with her parents at age 8, and grew when she was age 12 and read an issue of Time magazine concerning the 1984 presidential election.

She graduated with a B.A. in Economics and International Relations from Claremont McKenna College in 1994. She was active in Claremont McKenna's Republican group, but was asked to resign after spying on Bill Clinton's campaign for reelection. In 1995, she received a Masters of European Business from Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management in Brussels, Belgium and in 2000, she graduated with a M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.

Heidi married Ted Cruz on May 27, 2001. Heidi met Ted Cruz while the two were working together on George W. Bush's 2000 presidential campaign. In April 2008, Cruz gave birth to her first child, Caroline Camille Cruz. Her second daughter, Catherine Christiane Cruz, was born in 2011.

Career 

In 2003, she worked for the Bush administration on economic policy, eventually becoming the director for the Western Hemisphere on the National Security Council under National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice in 2003. She left Washington DC in 2004 to support Ted Cruz's run for elective office in Texas.

Cruz has worked for three investment banks, JP Morgan Chase, Merrill Lynch, and Goldman Sachs.

In 2005, she joined Goldman Sachs, serving as a private wealth manager and is currently the Region Head for the Southwest Region in the Investment Management Division of Goldman Sachs in Houston.

2016 presidential election 

Ted Cruz said that the decision for him to run for president was difficult for his wife, because she was busy with her business career and raising their 2 children. She changed her mind after listening to a CD from her sister-in-law.

Cruz was there the day her husband announced his run for president in March 2015. When Ted Cruz was criticized for not being born in the United States and running for president, Heidi defended Cruz by saying that the questioning showed that Ted Cruz was winning and his opponents wanted to defame him as a result.

References 

1972 births
Living people
Harvard University alumni
Businesspeople from California
US Republican Party politicians
Businesspeople from Texas
Bankers
Politicians from Texas
Politicians from California
People from San Luis Obispo, California
Aleksis Kivi , born Alexis Stenvall, (10 October 1834 – 31 December 1872) was a Finnish writer. He wrote plays and poems and the first significant novel in the Finnish language, Seven Brothers (Finnish title: Seitsemän veljestä). He is considered one of the greatest authors in Finland.

Kivi lived in time when all educated people in Finland spoke Swedish. He was the first professional writer who published his works in Finnish. Kivi, Mikael Agricola and Elias Lönnrot are regarded fathers of a national literature in Finnish.

References 

1834 births
1872 deaths
Finnish people
Raymond Samuel Tomlinson (April 23, 1941 – March 5, 2016) was an American programmer. He created the first email system on the ARPANET system in 1971. He used the @ sign to separate the user from their machine, which has been used in email addresses ever since. He was added into the Internet Hall of Fame. He was born in Amsterdam, New York.

Tomlinson died of a heart attack in Lincoln, Massachusetts. He was aged 74.

References

1941 births
2016 deaths
American inventors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Massachusetts
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Scientists from New York
People from Amsterdam, New York
Reinhold Richard "Reince" Priebus ( ; born March 18, 1972) is an American attorney and politician. He was the 27th White House Chief of Staff from January 20, 2017 through July 31, 2017. He has been the chairman of the Republican National Committee (RNC) from January 20, 2011 to January 20, 2017.

On November 13, 2016, President-elect of the United States Donald Trump announced that Priebus would serve as his White House Chief of Staff. Since the position does not need a full senate confirmation vote, Priebus became Chief of Staff on January 20, 2017.

On July 28, 2017, Trump fired Priebus with John F. Kelly as White House Chief of Staff, making him the shortest serving Chief of Staff in White House history.

Early life
Priebus was born in Dover, New Jersey. He was raised in Netcong, New Jersey and in Wisconsin. Priebus studied at the University of Wisconsin, Whitewater and at the University of Miami.

Chair of the Republican National Committee (2011–2017)
On December 5, 2010, Priebus stepped down as general counsel for the Republican National Committee (RNC). The next day he sent a letter to all 168 voting members of the RNC announcing his candidacy for chairman. On January 14, 2011, after seven rounds of voting, Priebus was elected chairman of the Republican National Committee.

Criticisms of Donald Trump

In December 2015, Priebus publicly criticized then Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump's proposal to temporarily suspend Muslim immigration in response to terrorist attacks. "I don't agree", Priebus told The Washington Examiner.

White House Chief of Staff (2017)
On November 13, 2016, Trump announced his choice of Priebus for White House Chief of Staff.

He was sworn in by Vice President Mike Pence on January 20, 2017.

On July 31, 2017 Priebus was replaced as Chief of Staff by President Trump with John F. Kelly.

Possible 2022 gubernatorial campaign
In February 2021, it was reported that Priebus was thinking about running for Governor of Wisconsin against Democratic Governor Tony Evers in the 2022 election.

Personal life
In 1999, Priebus married Sally L. Sherrow, whom he met in church when they were teenagers. They have two children. Priebus is a Greek Orthodox Christian.

References

Other websites

 
 
 File at PolitiFact Wisconsin

1972 births
Living people
American Eastern Orthodox Christians
Lawyers from New Jersey
Politicians from New Jersey
Politicians from Wisconsin
US Republican Party politicians
White House Chiefs of Staff
Lawyers from Wisconsin
The Finnhorse or Finnish Horse  is a horse breed developed in Finland. The Finnhorse is the national horse breed of Finland. It is suitable both for riding and to pull vehicles in races and as a workhorse.

Studbook of Finnhorses was founded 1907.  The horse is 156 cm high. It has many colours, but the main colours are brown and black. The Finnhorse has often white markings on the face and the legs.

References

Other websites 

Horse breeds
National symbols
Kenneth Merwin Curtis (born February 8, 1931) is an American lawyer and former politician. He was born in Leeds, Maine.

Curtis, a member of the Democratic Party. He was the Secretary of State of Maine serving from 1965–1966. He became the 68th Governor in 1967. He held that office until 1975. Curtis served as chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1977 to 1978. He was the Ambassador to Canada from 1979 to 1981.

Curtis now lives in Florida. He is a superdelegate.

References

Other websites
 curtisthaxter.com  Kenneth Curtis biography
 

1931 births
Living people
Governors of Maine
Ambassadors of the United States
Lawyers from Maine
US Democratic Party politicians
An excise or excise tax is an indirect tax charged on certain goods. As an indirect tax, they are charged by the producer or the merchant who then has to pay the government. For the same reason they are also not considered a sales tax. Excise taxes are commonly part of the retail price of a product such as gasoline, alcohol or cigarettes. Excise taxes may be charged by both state and federal governments.

Excise vs sales tax 
Excise taxes are different from sales tax in two important ways. First, excise is charged only on specific goods. Sales tax can apply to most things a person might buy although certain jurisdictions may exempt food or clothing. Excise taxes are usually applied to luxury goods or products linked to health issues such as tanning salons or cigarettes. Secondly, sales tax is charged as a percentage of the purchase price. An excise tax is usually a fixed amount added to the price. It can be hard to tell how much excise tax a person pays because it is part of the purchase price. Sales tax is added to the price and is usually shown on the receipt.

US excise taxes 
In the United States, excise taxes make up about 4 percent of all federal revenues. This is lower than many other countries. The Constitution refers to excise tax as an indirect tax. Some states in the United States have different names for excise taxes. For example, in the state of Massachusetts the excise tax charged on automobiles is called an "ad valorem tax".

References

Other websites 
 Difference Between Tax and Duty
 Seven ways Americans pay taxes

Taxation
Resolution may refer to:

General topics 
 Resolution (debate), the statement which is debated in policy debate
 Resolution (law), a written motion adopted by a deliberative body
 Resolution (logic), a rule of inference used for automated theorem proving
 Resolution (music), the move of a note or chord from dissonance to consonance
 New Year's resolution, a commitment that an individual makes at New Year's Day
 Resolution (beam engine), an early steam engine at Coalbrookdale
 Dispute resolution, the settlement of a disagreement

Measurement resolution 
 Display resolution, the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed on a display device
 Resolution (audio), a measure of digital audio quality
 Spectral resolution, the capability of an optical system to distinguish different frequencies
 Sensor resolution, the smallest change a sensor can detect in the quantity that it is measuring
 Resolution of a spectrometer, the ability to distinguish two close-lying energies (or wavelengths, or frequencies, or masses) 
 Resolution (mass spectrometry), the ability to distinguish peaks in a mass spectrum
 Image resolution, a measure of the amount of detail in an image
 Printing resolution, the number of individual dots a printer can produce within a unit of distance (e.g., dots per inch)

Business or organization 
 Corporate resolution, a legal document defining which individuals are authorized to act on behalf of a corporation

Places 
 Resolution Island (Nunavut), in the Arctic region of Canada
 Resolution Island, New Zealand, the largest (uninhabited) island in Fiordland, in the southwest of New Zealand
 Resolution, United States Virgin Islands

Vessels 
 HMS Resolution, any of several Royal Navy ships
 HMNZS Resolution (A14), Royal New Zealand Navy surveillance ship
 Resolution-class submarine, British Royal Navy
 Resolution (1793 ship), an American trading vessel whose crew were massacred in 1794

Mathematics 
 Resolution (algebra), an exact sequence in homological algebra
 Standard resolution, the bar construction of resolutions in homological algebra
 Resolution (logic), an inference rule for refutation-based theorem proving
 Resolution of singularities in algebraic geometry

Music 
 "Resolution", a John Coltrane (1926–1967) song from A Love Supreme
 "Resolution", by Romantic Mode, the second opening theme for the anime After War Gundam X
 "Resolution", a poem by Bertolt Brecht
 "Resolution", a Mahavishnu Orchestra song from the album Birds of Fire
WWE 2K16 is a 2015 professional wrestling video game published by 2K Sports and developed by Yuke's and Visual Concepts. It was released for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows. It is the seventeenth game in the WWE games series. WWE 2K16 was released on October 27, 2015 in North America, October 30, 2015 in Europe, and on October 29, 2015 in Australasia. It will be released for Windows on March 11, 2016. Stone Cold Steve Austin is featured on the cover of the game.

It was announced by 2k that WWE 2K16 would have the "largest roster in the game's history", featuring over 120 playable characters, and almost double the 67 that were in 2K15.

Reception
The game received mixed reviews. IGN rated the game a 8.8 out of 10. Vince Ingenito of IGN said that the game was a "step in the right direction" for the series. He said that he liked the gameplay and the roster features, but did not like the overall inconsistency with the game. GameSpot rated the game a 4 out of 10. Don Saas of GameSpot said that he liked the 2K Showcase mode and the Jim Ross returning on commentary but also said that "Little else in the game makes much of a positive impression."

References

Other websites
Official website

2015 video games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
Windows games
WWE video game series
Xbox 360 games
Xbox One games
Kirby: Planet Robobot is an action platform video game. It was published by Nintendo. It was developed by HAL Laboratory. It was released for the Nintendo 3DS on April 28, 2016 in Japan and on June 10, 2016 worldwide.

The game was first revealed during a Nintendo Direct on March 3, 2016.

Gameplay
Copy abilities make a return in the series. New copy abilities include "Doctor", "Poison", and "ESP". Kirby can also enter robotic bodies, which can make use of his copy ability perform a stronger attack based on that power.

A multiplayer mode called "Team Kirby Clash" is included. Up to four players can use different copy abilities and powers similar to classes in most RPGs, before working together to defeat bosses.

References

Other websites
Offical website 
Official North American website

2016 video games
Kirby
Nintendo 3DS games
The Flint water crisis is a drinking water contamination crisis in Flint, Michigan which began in April 2014. When the city changed its water source from treated Detroit Water and Sewerage Department water to the Flint River, it created a serious public health danger. 

In Flint, between 6,000 and 12,000 children have been exposed to drinking water with high levels of lead. They may experience serious health problems. The water change is also a possible cause of an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease that has killed 10 people in the county.

On January 5, 2016, Michigan Governor Rick Snyder declared a state of emergency for Flint. President Barack Obama declared a federal state of emergency. He authorized additional help from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Department of Homeland Security almost two weeks later.

References

Disasters in the 2010s
Disasters in the United States
Flint, Michigan
2010s in the United States
2010s in Michigan
LaWanda Page (October 19, 1920September 14, 2002), born Alberta Peal, was an American actress and comedienne best known for her role as Aunt Esther in the 1970s TV sitcom Sanford and Son. She later reprised the role in Sanford Arms and Sanford.

Early life and career
She was born on October 19, 1920 in Cleveland, Ohio. Page was raised in St. Louis, Missouri. LaWanda Page and Redd Foxx were very close friends from the time they were pre-teens. They attended school and grew up together in St. Louis. Later on, they both entered the field of comedy separately and performed stage acts. Page later recorded several live comedy albums for the Laff Records label in the late 1960s and early 1970s under the LaWanda stage name. One release, a gold-selling album called Watch It, Sucker!, was titled after one of her Aunt Esther character's catchphrases to capitalize on her newfound TV fame. During her tenure as a stand-up comic, which lasted all the way to the 1990s, she was often called The Queen of Comedy, or The Black Queen of Comedy. Other than the expletive-free Sane Advice album, released two years after the run of Sanford and Son, most of Page's albums and stand-up material were raunchy in nature.

Other film and television appearances
In 1977 Page appeared in an episode of The Love Boat, Martin, 227, Family Matters, and Diff'rent Strokes. She appeared on Circus Of The Stars as a fire eater.

Death
Page died of complications from diabetes on September 14, 2002. She is interred in an outdoor crypt at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, California.

Her daughter, the evangelist Clara Estella Roberta Johnson, died on June 4, 2006, in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 69.

Discography
Mutha Is Half a Word (1971)
Watch It, Sucker! (1972)
Back Door Daddy (1972; featuring Skillet & Leroy)
Preach On Sister, Preach On! (1973)
Pipe Layin' Dan (1973)
Sane Advice (1979)

References

Other websites

1920 births
2002 deaths
Actors from Cleveland, Ohio
Actors from St. Louis, Missouri
African American actors
African American comedians
American movie actors
American television actors
Comedians from St. Louis, Missouri
Comedians from Cleveland, Ohio
Deaths from diabetes
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
The atmosphere of Mars is the layer of gases surrounding Mars. It is mainly made up of carbon dioxide. The average atmospheric pressure of the Martian surface (6.0 mbar) is much lower than that of the Earth (1,013 mbar). The pressure is well below the Armstrong limit, meaning that water boils at the normal temperature of the human body: 98.6 °F (36.6 °C).

The Martian atmosphere contains 96% carbon dioxide, 1.9% argon, 1.9% nitrogen, and traces of oxygen, carbon monoxide, water and methane, and so on. Ever since the discovery of methane in 2003, scientists say that this might indicate life. It has also been suggested that is may be caused by geochemical processes, volcanic or hydrothermal activity.

The atmosphere of Mars is quite dusty, giving the Martian sky a light brown or orange-red color when seen from the surface. Data from NASA pointed out that the dust particles are 1.5 micrometres diameter.

On 18 March 2015, NASA found an aurora that is not fully understood and an unexplained dust cloud in the atmosphere of Mars.

Liquid water on Mars was once commonplace, which means the atmosphere was thicker. Many studies have found that the atmosphere of Mars has been weakened over time due to solar winds. On Earth, the magnetic field protects us from most of the wind. Mars used to have a magnetic field, but cooling of the core has resulted in the magnetic field being lost.

References 

Mars
Atmosphere
"Do You Know the Way to San Jose" is a 1968 popular song. It is about a person from San Jose, California who wants to go back to her hometown. Dionne Warwick performed it.

The song sold over a million copies. Warwick won her first Grammy Award for it.

The song was Warwick's first song after "(Theme from) Valley of the Dolls"/"I Say a Little Prayer". It was released in April 1968.

The song was later sung by Connie Francis, Rita Reys, Neil Diamond, Nancy Sinatra and others.

References

1968 songs
Pop songs
San Jose, California
Songs about California
Grammy Award winning songs
"Don't Make Me Over" is a 1962 popular ballad. It was written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David. Dionne Warwick sang this song. 

The song reached #5 on the Billboard R&B charts.

The song was later recorded by other artists, such as Jennifer Warnes and Julia Holter.

References

Pop songs
1960s songs
Victory Day (also shortened as V-Day) is a common name of many different public holidays in various countries. In most cases it is to commemorate victories in important battles or wars in the countries' history. For example, in Russia, it is celebrated on May 9th for the defeat of Nazi Germany in what Russia calls "The Great Patriotic War" (World War II). For the United States and Britain, the victory in Europe (celebrated as Victory in Europe Day or V-E Day) was only part of the victory. It is celebrated on May 8th (May 7th in the United Kingdom). The war in the Pacific did not end for the US and Britain until the Japanese surrender on Sept. 2, 1945. This is celebrated as Victory over Japan Day or V-J Day. This part of the war is usually not studied by Russians. In France, their Victory Day also celebrated the end of World War II and is celebrated on May 8, 1945, when Charles de Gaulle announced the end of the war.

List of countries with a Victory Day

Related pages 
 November 11: Remembrance Day, Veterans Day, Armistice Day
 Liberation Day: List of dates on which countries were liberated from occupiers
 National Day: A day marking the founding of a nation which can be related to a key victory

References

Other websites 
 Victory Day in Egypt, February 11, 2011
 Victory Parade, Russia, Moscow, 2015

Holidays
Helen Elizabeth Garrett, commonly known as Elizabeth Garrett, (1963 – March 6, 2016), was an American professor of law and an academic administrator. In 2010, she became Provost and Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs at the University of Southern California. On July 1, 2015, she became the 13th president of Cornell University.

Garrett died on March 6, 2016 from colon cancer at her New York City home. She was aged 52.

References

1963 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Cancer deaths in New York City
Educators from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Lawyers from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Businesspeople from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Adrian Hardiman (21 May 1951 – 7 March 2016) was an Irish judge. He was the justice of the Supreme Court of Ireland. He served from 7 February 2000 until his death on 7 March 2016.

Hardiman was born in Dublin, Ireland. He studied at Belvedere College, at the University College Dublin, and at the King's Inn. Hardiman died in Dublin, Ireland from a heart attack. He was aged 65.

References

Other websites

Irish Courts Service
University College Dublin
The Honorable Society of the Kings Inns
The Literary and Historical Society (L&H) 
List of Irish Times winners
UCC Philosoph wiki database of debaters

1951 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Irish judges
People from Dublin
Vernon Lomax Smith (born January 1, 1927) is an American professor of economics. He worked at Chapman University's Argyros School of Business and Economics and School of Law in Orange, California. Smith shared the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economics with Daniel Kahneman.

He is the founder and president of the International Foundation for Research in Experimental Economics, a Member of the Board of Advisors for The Independent Institute, and a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute in Washington D.C..

In 2004 Smith was honored with an honorary doctoral degree at Universidad Francisco Marroquín, the institution that named the Vernon Smith Center for Experimental Economics Research after him.

References

1927 births
Living people
American economists
Educators from Kansas
American Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from Wichita, Kansas
Reading Rainbow is an American children's television series. It aired on PBS Kids from June 6, 1983 until November 10, 2006. It encouraged children to read. In 2012, an iPad and Kindle Fire educational interactive book was launched with the Reading Rainbow name.

The public television series won over 200 broadcast awards, including a Peabody Award and 26 Emmy Awards. Eleven of those awards were in the "Outstanding Children's Series" category.

When the show was canceled in 2006, reruns ran until August 28, 2009.

The original team included Lynne Brenner Ganek, Ellen Schecter, and LeVar Burton.

References

PBS Kids shows
Children's television series
1983 television series debuts
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2006 American television series endings
1983 establishments in the United States
Emmy Award winning programs
Peabody Award winners
English-language television programs
Professor Paul Webley CBE (19 November 1953 – 2 March 2016) was a British educator. He was the Director and Principal of the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London from 2006 to 2015.  From 2010 until his death in 2016, he served as Deputy Vice-Chancellor of the University of London. 

He was a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Economic Psychology. He was the former President of the International Association for Research in Economic Psychology. Webley was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2015 New Year Honours for services to higher education.

Webley died in London, England on 2 March 2016 from cancer. He was aged 62.

References

1953 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in London
British educators