cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Guangzhou FC, known as Guangzhou Evergrande until 2020, is a football club which plays in China. This club has been very successful ever since Evergrande RE took over the club after a match-fixing scandal in 2009, with money flowing in.

Club honours 
 Chinese Super League
Winners (8): 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019

 China League One
Winners (2): 2007, 2010

 Chinese FA Cup
Winners (2): 2012, 2016

 Chinese FA Super Cup
Winners (4): 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018

 AFC Champions League
 Winners (2): 2013, 2015

Chinese football clubs
Guangzhou
1954 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in China
Amy Madigan (September 11, 1950) is an American television and movie actress. She has acted in many notable movies and TV series. These include  the 1989 movie Field of Dreams and Uncle Buck and the series Grey's Anatomy, Carnivàle and Fringe. She was born in Chicago.

References

Other websites

Actors from Chicago
American movie actors
American television actors
1950 births
Living people
A Venn diagram is a diagram that shows the logical relation between sets. They were popularised by John Venn in the 1880s, and are now widely used. They are used to teach elementary set theory, and to illustrate simple set relationships in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics and computer science. A Venn diagram uses closed curves drawn on a plane to represent sets. Very often, these curves are circles or ellipses. 

Similar ideas had been proposed before Venn. Christian Weise in 1712 (Nucleus Logicoe Wiesianoe) and Leonhard Euler (Letters to a German Princess) in 1768, for instance, came up with similar ideas. The idea was popularised by Venn in Symbolic Logic, Chapter V "Diagrammatic Representation", 1881.

Example 

The following example uses two sets, A and B, represented here as coloured circles. The orange circle, set A, represents all living creatures that are two-legged. The blue circle, set B, represents the living creatures that can fly. Each separate type of creature can be imagined as a point somewhere in the diagram. Living creatures that can both fly and have two legs—for example, parrots—are then in both sets, and hence correspond to points in the area where the blue and orange circles overlap. That area contains all such (and only) such living creatures.

Humans and penguins are bipedal, and hence are in the orange circle, but since they cannot fly, they appear in the left part of the orange circle, where it does not overlap with the blue circle. Mosquitoes have six legs, and fly, so the point for mosquitoes is in the part of the blue circle that does not overlap with the orange one. Creatures that are not two-legged and cannot fly (for example, whales and spiders) would all be represented by points outside both circles.

The combined area of sets A and B is called the union of A and B, denoted by . The union in this case contains all living creatures that are either two-legged, or that can fly (or both).
The area in both A and B, where the two sets overlap, is called the intersection of A and B, denoted by . For example, the intersection of the two sets is not empty, because there are points that represent creatures that are in both the orange and blue circles.

Venn diagrams of common operations on sets 

In the illustrations below the left circle shows set  and the right circle shows set . Results of operations are shown as colored areas.

Related pages 

 Exclusive disjunction
 Inclusive disjunction

References 

Set theory
Starbuck Island (or Volunteer Island) is a coral atoll in the central Pacific. It is part of the Central Line Islands of Kiribati. No one lives on the island.

Geography, flora and fauna
Starbuck Island is located at . It is  east-to-west and  north-to-south. The island has a land area of .  It is a low, dry, coral limestone island. It has a steep beach. 

There is no freshwater on the island. Each year, the island gets about  of rain.

Starbuck Island has a large colony of Sooty Terns. It is estimated that 1.5 million pairs of the birds live on the island. The island is also a home to Polynesian Rats, feral cats, Green turtles and about fifteen other species of seabirds.

References

Kiribati
Atolls
Pacific islands
Johannis de Rijke (5 December 1842-10 January 1913) was a Dutch civil engineer.  He was a foreign advisor to the Japanese government in the Meiji period.

Early life
Rijke was born in Noord-Beveland in the Netherlands.

Career
In 1865, Rijke worked the chief construction foreman for water projects near Amsterdam.

Japan
Rijke was a government advisor in Japan from 1873 to 1903.  He worked on flood control and water management projects. He led projects which improved the ports of Japan, including  Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagasaki, Hiroshima (Ujina) and Fukuoka (Hakata).

After 1891, Rijke was an official of the Home Ministry. He became Vice Minister. It was uncommon for a foreigner to be promoted to such high rank in a Japanese government bureaucracy.

China
In 1876, Rijke worked on Yangtze River projects. 
 
In 1901, worked on the Yellow River flood control project.

Honors
 Order of the Sacred Treasure, 1903
 Order of Orange-Nassau, 1911.
 Order of the Dutch Lion, 1913. 
 Order of Leopold.

Related pages
 Foreign advisors to the government in Meiji period Japan

References

Other wesbsites

1842 births
1913 deaths
Foreign advisors to the government in Meiji-period Japan
People from Zeeland
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 7 was the seventh season of the reality television series America's Next Top Model. It started airing on 20 September 2006. It was the first season to be shown on The CW network.

Contestants
(ages stated are at time of contest)

 Amanda and Michelle Babin are identical twins, however they were judged individually.

Episode Summary
1. casting episode

2.
Best: Michelle Babin
Worst: Melrose Bickerstaff & Christian Evans
Eliminated: Christian Evans
3.
Best: Melrose Bickerstaff
Worst: Jaeda Young & Megan Morris
Eliminated: Megan Morris
4.
Best: A.J. Stewart
Worst: Eugena Washington & Monique Calhoun
Eliminated: Monique Calhoun
5.
Best: CariDee English
Worst: Jaeda Young & Megg Morales
Eliminated: Megg Morales
6.
Best: Brooke Miller
Worst: Jaeda Young & A.J. Stewart
Eliminated: A.J. Stewart
7.
Best: Amanda Babin
Worst: Eugena Washington & Brooke Miller
Eliminated: Brooke Miller
8.
Best: CariDee English
Worst: Michelle Babin & Anchal Joseph
Eliminated: Anchal Joseph
9.
Best: Melrose Bickerstaff
Worst: CariDee English & Jaeda Young 
Eliminated: Jaeda Young
10.
Best: Eugena Washington 
Worst: Amanda Babin & Michelle Babin
Eliminated: Michelle Babin
11.
Best: Melrose Bickerstaff
Worst: CariDee English & Amanda Babin
Eliminated: Amanda Babin
12.
Best: CariDee English
Worst: Melrose Bickerstaff & Eugena Washington 
Eliminated: Eugena Washington 

Final Two: CariDee English & Melrose Bickerstaff
Winner: CariDee English

07
A dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) is a drug. Dopamine is a type of brain chemical called a neurotransmitter. Dopamine has many jobs and responsibilities in the brain. Scientists think dopamine controls movement and the human sense of punishment and reward. Dopamine affects dreams, motivation, and sexual gratification, too.

A lack of dopamine is responsible for many diseases and conditions. Sometimes dopamine does not work correctly in the brain. Sometimes the brain does not have enough dopamine. Doctors prescribe dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DRI's or DARI's) to help control symptoms. Psychostimulants and antidepressants are types of DRI's. DRI's help manage symptoms of ADHD, narcolepsy, Parkinson's Disease, obesity, substance abuse withdrawal and some mood disorders. Users can become addicted to DRI's sometimes.

DRI's do not have dopamine inside the pills. They help the body make more dopamine, and they change the way dopamine is re-used in the brain.

Neurology
Drugs
The gauss (symbol G) is the CGS unit used to measure magnetic fields. One gauss is defined as one maxwell per square centimeter. The tesla (symbol T) is the SI derived unit used to measure the strength of magnetic fields. There are 10,000 (104) gauss in one tesla.

The unit is named in honor of the German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss.

Example values 
 10−9–10−8 gauss – the magnetic field of the human brain
 0.31–0.58 gauss – the Earth's magnetic field at its surface
 25 gauss – the Earth's magnetic field in its core 
 50 gauss – a typical refrigerator magnet
 100 gauss – a small iron magnet
 600-70,000 gauss – a medical magnetic resonance imaging machine 
 1012–1013 gauss – the magnetic field on the surface of a neutron star
 4×1013 gauss – the quantum electrodynamic threshold
 1015 gauss – the magnetic field of some newly created magnetars
 1017 gauss – the upper limit to neutron star magnetism; no known object in the universe can generate a stronger magnetic field

References 

Units of measurement
Magnetism
Tiny Toon Adventures, also known as Steven Spielberg Presents Tiny Toon Adventures, is an American animated comedy sitcom adventure television series. It aired from September 14, 1990 to December 6, 1992. It follows a group of young cartoon characters who attend Acme Looniversity in the town of Acme Acres to become the next generation of Looney Tunes characters. The series premiered airs at 7:30 p.m. ET/PT time on September 24, 1999 on Cartoon Network in the United States. then in developed for 2020 as the new spin-off reboot called, Tiny Toon Looniversity by HBO MAX.

Characters

Main
Buster Bunny: (voiced by Charlie Adler from seasons 1 to 3, and by John Kassir at the end of season 3) A blue male rabbit based on Bugs Bunny.
Babs Bunny: (voiced by Tress MacNeille) A pink female rabbit based on Bugs too.

Recurring
Plucky Duck: (voiced by Joe Alaskey), A green male duck based on Daffy Duck.
Hamton J. Pig: (voiced by Don Messick), A pink male pig based on Porky Pig. 
Fifi La Fume: (voiced by Kath Soucie), A purple-and-white female skunk based on Pepé Le Pew who speaks with a French accent.
Shirley McLoon: (voiced by Gail Matthius), A white female loon based on Shirley MacLaine.
Dizzy Devil: (voiced by Maurice LaMarche), A purple Tazmanian devil based on Taz.
Furrball: (voiced by Frank Welker), A blue cat based on Sylvester the Cat.
Sweetie Bird: (voiced by Candi Milo),  A pink canary bird based on Tweety.

Others
Calamity Coyote: (voiced by Frank Welker), A bluish-gray coyote based on Wile E. Coyote. 
Elmyra Duff: (voiced by Cree Summer) A redheaded girl based on Elmer Fudd who wears a blue blouse, a white skirt, black shoes, and a blue bow with a skull at the center. She is the show's female villain. She cares for animals in selfish ways.
Montana Max: (voiced by Danny Cooksey), A young, brown-haired boy based on Yosemite Sam. He is loud, has a bad temper, and loves money. He is the show's male villain.
Gogo Dodo: (voiced by Frank Welker),  A green male dodo based on Yoyo Dodo. 
Little Beeper: (voiced by Frank Welker) A red and orange feathered roadrunner.

International Broadcast
 : Cartoon Network
 : Spacetoon
 : KiKA
 : Smurfy Animation Studios TV
 : YTV, CBC and Nickelodeon
 : MTV Juniori and Toon Disney
 : TV Tokyo and Toon Disney
 : Nickelodeon and Toon Disney
 : Minimax and Toon Disney
  Latin America: Cartoon Network
 : SBT
 : Canal Panda
 : OUFTivi and Toon Disney
 : TF!
 :
Chutti TV and Cartoon Network (India)

Other websites

''Tiny Toon Adventures at the Internet Movie Database
Tiny Toon Wiki

1990 American television series debuts
Animated television series
Looney Tunes
Cartoon Network series
Spacetoon shows
First run syndicated television programs
1992 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Prairie restoration is a type of habitat conservation, for prairies and habitats that lived alongside prairies.  It is the act of restoring land that was once native prairie to how it once was.  In North America this is usually defined as pre-settlement, meaning before Europeans arrived.  Much of this land is good for farming and has been plowed for planting crops or turned into pastures.  In Illinois, there was once 22 million acres (9 million hectares), now there are less than 2300 acres (920 hectares) of high-quality original prairie remaining.

Invasive plants and trees
Invasive species are a big problem with prairies.  Since fires cannot burn freely, many new species are taking over, and preventing sunlight from reaching shorter plants.  In the United States, European buckthorn is a common problem.  Garlic mustard is another.  Often areas that once held a hundred different species of plants now only has three or four species.

Restoration techniques

Controlled burns
Weeding
Brush cutting
Seed collecting
Sowing

References

ecosystems
Sir Thomas Elder (August 5, 1817—March 6, 1897) was a Scottish businessman who moved to South Australia and set up the largest wool selling company in the world.

Elder came to South Australia in 1854. He worked with his brother George, and then became a business partners with Edward Stirling, Robert Barr Smith and John Taylor. They spent money setting up the copper mines at Moonta and Wallaroo which made them all very rich. When Stirling and Taylor retired, Elder and Smith became Elder Smith and Company. This company became the biggest wool selling company in the world.

Elder spent money buying large properties for sheep in outback South Australia, Queensland and Western Australia. Some of these included Paratoo, Umberatana, Mount Lyndhurst, Blanchewater and Beltana. He had ridden camels while on holiday in Palestine, and thought they would be good for use in the Australian deserts. He brought 124 camels and Afghan people to breed camels at Beltana. These were used for the building of the Australian Overland Telegraph. Elder provided money and camels for exploration by Peter Egerton Warburton (1872-73), Ernest Giles (1875), John Ross (1874), Lewis (1875), and the Royal Geographical Society of South Australia (1891).

He became a member of the South Australian Parliament Legislative Council in 1863-69 and 1871-78. He became interested in horse racing and set up stables at Morphetville. He built a grand Scottish style house at Mount Lofty, which was where he died in 1897.

He was a very rich man, and gave money to many organizations in South Australia. This included £26,000 for the University of Adelaide, £20,000 for mathematics and general science, £31,000 to the Medical School, and £21,000 to the School of Music. In his will he gave £10,000 to the Presbyterian Church, £4000 for the Church of England cathedral, £4000 for the Methodist Prince Alfred College, £25,000 to set up a Working Men's Home, and £16,000 to the hospital.

References

1818 births
1897 deaths
British explorers
Scottish people
British businesspeople
Australian businesspeople
People from Adelaide
The Military radio station of Pierre-sur-Haute is a  site used for French military communications. It is located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It also hosts a civilian radio relay, which is used by Télédiffusion de France.

In the beginning of 2013, the radio station became famous world-wide after the French intelligence agency Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur (DCRI) reportedly attempted to have the article removed from the French Wikipedia. This request was denied by the Wikimedia Foundation in March 2013. After this denial, the DCRI had forced a contributor to the French Wikipedia to remove it leading to world-wide media coverage. The deleted French Wikipedia article was soon restored, because there were no reasons for deletion according to the Wikipedia standards visible. Meanwhile, the article has been translated into 23 other languages, still counting.

History 
In 1913, a semaphore telegraph was built where the military radio station is now. At the time, it was only a small stone building, with the semaphore on top.

In 1961, NATO asked the French army to extend the site. Since then, it is one of the 82 NATO transmission stations in Europe. This network is known as ACE High system. In this network, the Pierre-sur-Haute station, served as a relay between the Lachens station to the south, and the Mont-Août  station to the north. It used four 10 kW transmitters and sixteen receivers. In 1974, the French Air Force took control of the station. In 1988, NATO began to decommission the ACE High system.

Importance
The site is owned by the French Air Force. It is controlled from a site near Lyon, about  away. It has a heliport, and is accessible by helicopter. There is also a private road, which starts at the Col du Béal. This road cannot be used when there is heavy snow of more than . Another option is using a hiking trail, which can be used by tracked vehicles. Since the site is of strategic importance to the French army, it has been "hardened". This means that it has its own power supply and can withstand an attack.

There are about twenty people on site. The main purpose of the site is to analyse and relay signals.

References

Buildings and structures in France
Military of France
Radio stations in Europe
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
The Seattle Metropolitans were an American professional ice hockey team in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHL), based in Seattle, Washington from 1915 to 1924. 

In 1917, The Metropolitans became the first American team to win the Stanley Cup when they defeated the Montreal Canadiens 3 games to 1. They played their home game at the Seattle Ice Arena.

Other websites
Metropolitans on seattlehockey.net
Results on hockeydb.com

Defunct sports teams
Sports in Seattle, Washington
1915 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Washington (state)
1924 disestablishments in the United States
20th-century disestablishments in Washington (state)
Edward William Brooke III (October 26, 1919 – January 3, 2015) was an American politician. He was elected to the United States Senate as a Republican from Massachusetts in 1966. He beat his Democratic rival Endicott Peabody by many votes. 

He served for two terms, and lost to Paul Tsongas in the 1978 Senate election. Brooke was the oldest living former Senator since Harry F. Byrd, Jr.'s death on July 30, 2013.

Early life
Brooke was born on October 26, 1919 in Washington, D.C. He was raised in Washington, D.C. and Boston, Massachusetts. Brooke studied at Howard University and the Boston University School of Law. He was a United States Army officer in Italy during Wold War II.

Career
Brooke was the first African-American politician to be popularly elected to the Senate. He was the only person of African heritage sent to the Senate in the 20th century until Democrat Carol Moseley Braun of Illinois in 1993. Brooke was also the first African-American senator since the Reconstruction Era.

Brooke was the last Republican Senator elected from Massachusetts until Scott Brown was elected in 2010. Brooke was also the oldest living former Republican Senator and oldest living former Senator after the death of Harry F. Byrd, Jr. in July 2013. Byrd was Senator around the same time as Brooke.

Personal life 
He married Remigia Ferrari-Scacco in 1947. They had two children. They divorced in 1979. He married Ann Fleming in 1979. Their marriage would last until Brooke's death in 2015. They had one child. He wrote a book about his life, Bridging the Divide: My Life, in 2007. He lived in Coral Gables, Florida.

In September 2002, he was diagnosed with breast cancer. He worked at raising awareness of the disease among men.

Death 
On January 3, 2015, Brooke died at his home in Coral Gables, Florida at the age of 95 from natural causes.

References

Other websites

Edward Brooke's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
Edward W. Brooke Charter School A public charter school founded in Senator Brooke's honor, dedicated to building great teachers and closing the achievement gap.

Congressional Gold Medal recipients
1919 births
2015 deaths
African-American military personnel
African American politicians
American military personnel of World War II
Breast cancer survivors
Deaths from natural causes
Politicians from Boston, Massachusetts
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
United States senators from Massachusetts
US Republican Party politicians
Brandon Saad (born October 27, 1992, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American professional ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks.

He was drafted by the Blackhawks with the 43rd overall pick in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. Saad scored his first career NHL goal on February 5, 2013, against Antti Niemi of the San Jose Sharks. Before going to the NHL, he played 2 seasons with the Saginaw Spirit of the Ontario Hockey League. He won the gold medal with the United States at the 2010 IIHF World U18 Championships. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On June 30, 2015, the Blackhawks traded Saad along with Alex Broadhurst and Michael Paliotta, to the Columbus Blue Jackets in exchange for Jeremy Morin, Marko Daňo, Artem Anisimov, Corey Tropp and a fourth-round draft pick in 2016.

References

Other websites

1992 births
American ice hockey players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Living people
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Stanley Cup champions
American Hockey League players
United States Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
Heinrich Wilhelm Schott was an Austrian botanist well known for his extensive work on aroids (Family Araceae).

He was born on 7 January 1794 in Brno, a city in Moravia that in those years was part of the Austrian Empire and that now is part of the Czech Republic. As a young boy, he came to live in Vienna, where his father was the chief gardener of the botanical garden of the university.

He studied botany, agriculture and chemistry at the University of Vienna, where he was a student of the botanist Joseph Franz von Jacquin (1766-1839). In 1815 he became gardener at the garden for the Austrian flora at the Belveder palace.

He was a participant in the Austrian Brazil Expedition from 1817 to 1821. While in Brazil from mid-1817 through 1821, Schott established and managed an introduction garden for accustoming living plants to more temperate climates in order to have them brought to Europe at a later date, made field trips, and prepared many notes concerning the plants and animals he saw.

In 1821 Schott returned to Vienna, where he worked as gardener again. In 1828 he was appointed Hofgärtner (Royal Gardener) in Vienna, later serving as director of the Imperial Gardens at Schönbrunn Palace (1845). In 1852 he was in charge of transforming part of palace gardens in the fashion of an English garden. He also enriched the Viennese court gardens with his collections from Brazil.

He was interested in plants that grow in high mountains, above the tree line, He developed a garden with that kind of plants (an alpine garden) at Belvedere in Vienna.

He died at the Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, on 5 March 1865.

Publications 

 Meletemata botanica (with Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher), 1832
 Rutaceae. Fragmenta botanica, 1834
 Genera filicum, 84 pp. 1834–1836
 Aroideae, 1853-1857
 Analecta botanica (with Theodor Kotschy and Carl Fredrik Nyman), 70 pp. 1854
 Synopsis Aroidearum complectens enumerationem systematicam generum at specierum hujus ordinis, 148 pp. 1856
 Icones Aroidearum, 1857
 Genera Aroidearum Exposita, 1858
 Prodromus Systematis Aroidearum, 1860

Species named for Schott
Other botanists named plants in honour of Schott; some of them are:
 (Acanthaceae) Aphelandra schottiana'''' (Nees) Profice
 (Acanthaceae) Schaueria schottii Nees
 (Agavaceae) Agave schottii Engelm.
 (Apiaceae) Dichoropetalum schottii (Besser ex DC.) Pimenov & Kljuykov
 (Rubiaceae) Uragoga schottiana (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
 (Trigoniaceae) Trigonia schottiana Turcz.
 (Verbenaceae) Stachytarpheta schottiana'' Schauer

Notes

References

Other websites
 The Botanical Art of Schott's Aroideae Maximilianae by Scott Hyndman
 Deutsche Biographie Schott, Heinrich Wilhelm (biography).

1794 births
1865 deaths
Austrian biologists
Botanists
People from Brno
Kol Yisrael (; lit. "Voice of Israel", also "Israel Radio") is the national radio station in Israel. It is operated under the Israel Broadcasting Authority, which is the country's public broadcasting service. Kol Yisrael is an international radio station that broadcasts in several languages.

Other websites 
Official site 
Frequencies to receive Kol Israel networks

Radio stations
Mass media in Israel
1947 establishments
1940s establishments in Israel
Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA; , ) is the public broadcasting authority of Israel. It is in charge of radio and television in Israel.

Other websites 
 Official site 
 IBA World. Israel Radio foreign languages network REKA. Also has link to Reshet Hey Persian broadcast, now that www.intkolisrael.com no longer exists.
 Israel Educational Television 
 Article on IBA English-language IBA programming

Television
Mass media in Israel
Mount Carmel is a mountain in northern Israel. The mountain is a north-west branch from the Samaria Mountains to Haifa and the Mediterranean Sea. The city of Haifa is located at the base of the mountain and the connection to the sea. The mountain is 546 metres (2,710 ft) above the sea.

The name in Hebrew is  (), which means "God's vineyard". In Arabic it is ,  or  , "Mount Saint Elias".

Other websites 

Mount Carmel - BiblePlaces.com, pictures and text illuminating the biblical site

Biosphere reserves
Carmel
Parks in Israel
Haifa
Mount Tabor ( , ) is a mountain in northern Israel, in the Galilee Mountains in the eastern edge of the Jezreel Valley. Mount Tabor is 575 metres (1,886 ft) above sea level.

Other websites

Mountains of Israel
Coolbool Creek is an archaeological site site near the Wakool River in New South Wales, Australia. It is about half way between Swan Hill and Deniliquin. The site is near Doherty's Hut at Coobool Crossing, although the exact spot is unknown. 

G. M. Black found 126 skulls at the site in 1950. It has been difficult to give an exact age for the skulls, but one has been dated to 14,300 years ago. Some of the skulls also show artificial cranial deformation. The age, location, and deformities make the site similar to another Pleistocene site at Kow Swamp. Some scientists have said that this shows they were part of the same population, but others have disagreed. Because Coolbool Creek skulls were found on the surface it is difficult to date them, and other scientists have argued that they might be much older.

The skulls were kept at the University of Melbourne until 1984. They were returned to the local Aboriginal communities and reburied.

References

Archaeological sites in Australia
History of Australia
New South Wales
Brandon Bollig (born January 31, 1987, in Saint Charles, Missouri) is an American ice hockey center. He currently plays for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks.

He was not drafted by a team but the Blackhawks signed Bollig to a two-year entry-level contract and put him on their AHL farm team, the Rockford IceHogs. He played 2 seasons with the IceHogs and was called up to the Blackhawks on February 28, 2012. He scored his first NHL goal on April 14, 2012, against Mike Smith of the Phoenix Coyotes in a playoff game. Bollig also portrayed Will Cross, age 12 in the 2002 film Defiance. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On June 28, 2014 at the 2014 NHL Entry Draft, the Blackhawks traded Bollig to the Calgary Flames in exchange for the 83rd overall pick in the draft.

References

Other websites

1987 births
American ice hockey players
Calgary Flames players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Living people
Sportspeople from Missouri
Stanley Cup champions
American Hockey League players
United States Hockey League players
The Birksgate Range is a scattered group of mountains in the northwest of South Australia. It is on the northeast edges of the Great Victoria Desert. It spreads for about  from Iltur in the southeast to Watarru in the northwest. The northern portion of it is protected in the Watarru Indigenous Protected Area. The range consists of granitic rock protrusions that have been weathered into rounded and rugged hills. They are not visibly connected to each other. Each are separated by flat plains and sand dunes. The mountains are fairly low in elevation; they are highest at the northern end.

Prominent peaks in the range include the following: Mounts Lindsay (819 m) and Wooltarlinna are at the northeastern end of the range, near Watarru. Further southwest are Mounts Holder and Sir Thomas (773 m). From here the range spreads southeast along the edge of the desert and the hills generally become lower and more widely dispersed. Mount Poondinna (678 m) is the highest peak in the central part of the range. Mounts Cheesman and Yaroona (also spelled Yaruna) are further to the southeast. The southern end of the range is at Iltur (Coffin Hill).

The Birksgate Range was named by the explorer David Lindsay, who led the Elder Scientific Exploring Expedition across the Great Victoria Desert between April 1891 and March 1892. He named the range for the man who funded and equipped their expedition, Sir Thomas Elder. "Birksgate" was the name of Elder's house in Adelaide.

References

Mountain ranges of Australia
Mountains of South Australia
APK is the file format that software for Android is distributed in. It is an extension of the ZIP file format. An APK file contains bitcode for Android's Dalvik Virtual machine, resources used by the program (such as images and sounds), and sometimes native executable code, usually for the ARM processor.

APK Packages can be downloaded from various websites available online:
 Apkflux.com - Download Secure Android APKs 
 ApkMirror.com - Fast APKs
 HybridApk.com - MOD APK

Google
Computer file formats
The Yuki are a Native American group of California. Their traditional territory is around Round Valley, in what is now Mendocino County. The Yuki call themselves the Ukomno'm, meaning "Valley People." European Americans learned and adopted the name "Yuki" from the their neighbours, the Nomlaki, who called them "enemy" in the Wintu language. "Yuki" is an exonym, a name by another group.

References

Native American
Ethnic groups in the United States
Mendocino County, California
David Johnny Oduya (born October 1, 1981) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Dallas Stars. He has also played for the New Jersey Devils, Atlanta Thrashers, Winnipeg Jets, and Chicago Blackhawks.

He was drafted by the Washington Capitals with the 221st overall pick in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. He first played in the NHL for the New Jersey Devils. He played 4 seasons with the Devils before he was traded to the Atlanta Thrashers on February 4, 2010 along with Niclas Bergfors, Patrice Cormier and a 1st round draft pick in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft for Ilya Kovalchuk and Anssi Salmela. He played 3 seasons with the Atlanta Thrashers/Winnipeg Jets and was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks for a 2nd round pick and a 3rd round pick in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On July 15, 2015, Oduya signed a two-year contract with the Dallas Stars.

References

Other websites

1992 births
Atlanta Thrashers players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Dallas Stars players
Ice hockey defencemen
Living people
Moncton Wildcats players
New Jersey Devils players
Sportspeople from Stockholm
Stanley Cup champions
Swedish Hockey League players
Swedish ice hockey players
Victoriaville Tigres players
Winnipeg Jets players
The Judaean Mountains, ( "Harei Yehuda";   Jibal al-Khalil), also known as the Judaean Hills and Hebron Hills, is a mountain range in Israel and Palestine. It spreads across the borders of Israel and the West Bank, where Jerusalem and several other ancient cities are located. The mountains reach a height of 1,000 metres above sea level.

Mountains 
Around Jerusalem
 Temple Mount
 Mount of Olives
 Mount Scopus
 Mount Zion
 Har Nof
 Mount Herzl
 Mount of Rest
 Mount Hotzvim

References

Other websites

 Pictures
 Judaean Mountains & Jerusalem
 Symbolism and Landscape: The Etzion Bloc in the Judaean Mountains, Yossi Katz and John C. Lehr

Mountain ranges
Mountains of Israel
Mountains of Palestine
West Bank
The Mount of Temptation is said to be the hill in the Judean Desert where Jesus was tempted by Satan. The exact location is unknown. It is generally identified with Mount Quarantania, a limestone mountain about 366 metres (1,200 feet) high, located about  northwest of the town of Jericho.

References 

Temptation
West Bank
Gospels
Jesus Christ
Black Gives Way to Blue is the fourth studio album by American rock band, Alice in Chains. Black Gives Way to Blue was released on September 25, 2009. The album featured the singles "A Looking in View", "Check My Brain", "Your Decision" and "Lesson Learned". It has sold a million copies around the world.

Black Gives Way to Blue was the first Alice in Chains album to feature new vocalist/guitarist William DuVall, who took over after the death of former lead singer Layne Staley. The album was also the first studio album made by Alice in Chains since their self-titled album was released in 1995. It is the band's first album to be released on Virgin Records.

The album got mainly good reviews. It was voted number 2 in Kerrang!'s top twenty albums of 2009.

Music videos were released for  "A Looking in View", "Check My Brain", "Your Decision", "Acid Bubble" which is available as an interactive video on AliceinChains.com), "Last of My Kind" and "Lesson Learned".

The song "Check My Brain" was nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 2010 Grammy Awards. Their song "A Looking in View" was also nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 2011 Grammy Awards.

Songs

References

Other websites
Black Gives Way to Blue at Allmusic

2009 albums
Alice in Chains albums
Hard rock albums
Heavy metal albums
Wolf–Rayet stars (WR stars) are evolved, massive stars (over 20 solar masses initially). They are losing mass rapidly by means of a very strong stellar wind, with speeds up to 2000 km/s. While our own Sun loses about 10−14 solar masses every year, Wolf–Rayet stars typically lose 10−5 solar masses a year.

Wolf–Rayet stars are extremely hot, with surface temperatures in the range of 30,000 K to around 200,000 K that make them look blue in color. They are also highly luminous, from tens of thousands to several million times the bolometric luminosity of the Sun, although not exceptionally bright visually since most of their output is in far ultraviolet and even "soft" X-rays.

Clarification of terms 
In astronomy, luminosity is not quite the same thing as brightness. Luminosity measures the <u/l>total amount of energy emitted</u/l> by a star or other astronomical object in SI units of joules per second, which are watts. A watt is one unit of power, and just as a light bulb is measured in watts, so is the Sun, which has a total power output of 3.846×1026 W. This number is the basic metric used in astronomy: it is known as 1 solar luminosity, the symbol for which is . 

Radiant power, however, is not the only way to conceptualize brightness, so other metrics are also used. The most common is apparent magnitude, which is the perceived brightness of an object from an observer on Earth at visible wavelengths. Other metrics are absolute magnitude, which is an object's intrinsic brightness at visible wavelengths, irrespective of distance. The measure of luminosity is  "bolometric magnitude", the total power output across all wavelengths.

References 

Types of stars
Star formation means the earliest stages in a star's life. Dense regions of particles exist in molecular clouds known as "stellar nurseries". The clouds collapse under gravitation into spheres of plasma to form stars.

Stellar nurseries

High density regions of the interstellar medium (ISM) form clouds, or nebulae, where star formation takes place.

Dense nebulae 
In the dense nebulae where stars are produced, much of the hydrogen is in the molecular (H2) form, so these nebulae are called molecular clouds. The largest such formations, giant molecular clouds, have densities of 100 particles per cm3, diameters of , and masses up to 6 million solar masses, and an average interior temperature of 10 K. About half the total mass of the galactic ISM is found in molecular clouds. In the Milky Way there are about 6,000 molecular clouds, each with more than 100,000 solar masses. The nearest nebula to the Sun where massive stars are being formed is the Orion nebula,  away. However, lower mass star formation is occurring about 400–450 light years distant in the ρ Ophiuchi cloud complex.

A more compact site of star formation is the opaque clouds of dense gas and dust known as Bok globules; so named after the astronomer Bart Bok. The Bok globules are typically up to a light year across and contain a few solar masses. They can be seen as dark clouds against bright emission nebulae or background stars. Over half the known Bok globules have been found to contain newly forming stars.

Spiral galaxies 
A spiral galaxy like the Milky Way contains stars, the remains of stars (stellar remnants) and a diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) of gas and dust. The interstellar medium consists of 10–4 to 106 particles per cm3 usually of about 70% hydrogen by mass, with most of the remaining gas consisting of helium. This medium is chemically enriched by trace amounts of heavier elements that were ejected from stars as they passed beyond the end of their main sequence lifetime.

Elliptical galaxies 
In contrast to spirals, an elliptical galaxy loses the cold component of its interstellar medium within about a billion years. This hinders the galaxy from forming diffuse nebulae except through  mergers with other galaxies.

W75N(B)-VLA2 
This is a massive protostar about 300 times brighter than our Sun. Astronomers have caught a key stage in the birth of a very heavy star. They used two radio telescope views of the process 18 years apart. The young star is 4,200 light-years from Earth and is surrounded by a doughnut-shaped cloud of dust.

The first observation was in 1996. By 2015 its stellar wind changed from a compact spherical form to a larger, ionized  elliptical shape. This gave information about what happens as a massive star forms. Being able to observe its rapid growth is unique, according to Huib van Langevelde of Leiden University, one of the authors of a study of the object.

References
The Indulkana Range is a range of hills in the northwest of South Australia. It is sometimes called the Mount Chandler Range after its highest peak. It is located to the southwest of Indulkana, on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara lands. The mountains of the Indulkana area are part of the traditional country of the Yankunytjatjara and Antakarinya.

The range consists of a series of parallel ridges running east to west. The southern side of the range ends in an escarpment, the most prominent point of which is Chambers Bluff. The rock is made up of quartzite and sandstone rock, resting on slates of kaolinised clay. At the eastern end of the range is Mount Chandler, which overlooks the settlement of Indulkana and the Indulkana Creek. It rises about  from its base. It is made up of quartzite, quartz sandstone and sandstone. Slightly north of the escarpment, and following its path from east to west, is a series of gorges that split the hills. The gorges contain several reliable springs.

References

Other websites
Geological details from Geoscience Australia:
Indulkana Shale
Mount Chandler Sandstone
Chambers Bluff Tillite 

Mountain ranges of Australia
Mountains of South Australia
Protest the Hero are a Canadian progressive metal band from Whitby, Ontario. 

Protest the Hero was formed in 2001 under the original name, Happy Go Lucky. They changed their name to Protest the Hero the next year and recorded their first EP, Search for the Truth. 

The band released their debut full-length album Kezia on August 30, 2005 in Canada and on April 4, 2006 in the United States. They released their second studio album Fortress on January 29, 2008. Their third studio album Scurrilous was released on March 16, 2011 in Japan and on March 22, 2011 in both Canada and the Unites States. The band announced that they were releasing their fourth studio album in Summer 2013. The band said that the album would be crowdfunded through Indiegogo. The album had a fundraising goal of $125,000 and was reached within 30 hours. The band eventually reached $341,146 in fundraising which nearly tripled their original set goal.

Band members 
Current
Rody Walker - lead vocals (2001–present)
Luke Hoskin - Lead guitar, piano, backing vocals (2001–present)
Tim Millar - Rhythm guitar, piano, backing vocals (2001–present)
Arif Mirabdolbaghi - Bass guitar, backing vocals (2001–present)
Moe Carlson - Drums (2001-present)

Discography

Albums
Kezia (2005)
Fortress (2008)
Scurrilous (2011)
Volition (2013)

References

Other websites 
Official website

2000s music groups
Musical groups established in 2001
2010s music groups
Canadian heavy metal bands
Metalcore bands
Progressive metal bands
Erythema ab igne is a rash of the skin, which is usually caused by the long-term exposure to heat or infrared radiation, and which is not a burn. Usually the name is abbreviated EAI. Other names include hot water bottle rash fire stains, laptop thigh, granny's tartan and toasted skin syndrome.

Some people may complain of mild itchiness and a burning sensation. When a change in skin pigmentation can not be seen, it is often not noticed at all.

References

Symptoms
Skin
Wolf 359 is a red dwarf in the constellation Leo first measured in 1919 by Max Wolf. About 7.8 light years from the Earth, it has an apparent magnitude of 13.5 and can only be seen with a large telescope. 

Wolf 359 is one of the nearest stars to the Solar System. Only the Alpha Centauri system (including Proxima Centauri), Barnard's Star, and WISE 1049-5319 are closer. It is mentioned in several works of fiction.

Wolf 359 is one of the faintest and lowest-mass stars known. At the light-emitting layer called the photosphere, it has a temperature of about 2,800 K, which is low enough for chemical compounds to form and survive. The absorption lines of compounds such as water and titanium(II) oxide are in the spectrum. 

The surface has a magnetic field which is stronger than the average magnetic field on the Sun. As a result of magnetic activity caused by convection, Wolf 359 is a flare star that has sudden increases in luminosity for several minutes. These flares give off strong bursts of X-ray and gamma ray radiation. Wolf 359 is a relatively young star with an age of less than a billion years. No companions or disks of debris have been detected in orbit around it.

References 

Red dwarfs
Annihilator are a Canadian thrash metal band from Ottawa, Ontario.

Annihilator was formed in 1984 by lead singer Jeff Waters. He met John Bates and they recorded the song Annihilator together. Waters and Bates recruited drummer Paul Malek and bassist Dave Scott into the band but Bates and Scott left a year later.

The band released their first studio album Alice in Hell on April 17, 1989. They released their second studio album Never, Neverland on September 12, 1990. Both Alice in Hell and Never, Neverland are considered masterpieces of Canadian heavy metal.

Annihilator is the highest selling heavy metal artist in Canadian history, even though most of the sales have not been in the band's home country.

Band members 
Current
Jeff Waters - lead vocals, guitar, bass guitar (1984–present)
Dave Padden - vocals, guitar (2003–present)

Live
Alberto "Al" Campuzano – bass (2010–Present)
Mike Harshaw – drums (2012–Present)

Former
John Bates – Lead vocals (1984–1985)
Dave Scott – Bass guitar (1984–1985)
Paul Malek – Drums (1984–1985, 1986)
Richard Death – Drums (1985)
Dennis Dubeau – Lead vocals (1987–1989)
Ray Hartmann – Drums (1987–1992, 1999–2001)
Randy Rampage – Lead vocals (1989, 1998–2000)
Dave Davis – Guitar (1989–1991, 1993–2001)
Wayne Darley – Bass guitar(1989–1993)
Coburn Pharr – Lead vocals (1990–1992)
Neil Goldberg – Guitar (1992–1993)
Aaron Randall – Lead vocals (1992–1994)
Mike Mangini – Drums (1993, 2004–2005, 2007)
Randy Black – Drums (1993–1996, 2002–2003)
Cam Dixon – Bass guitar (1994–1995)
Lou Bujdoso – Bass guitar (1995–1996)
Dave Machander – Drums (1996)
Russell Bergquist – Bass guitar (1999–2003, 2005–2007)
Joe Comeau – Lead vocals (2000–2003)
Curran Murphy – Guitar (2002–2005)
Sandor de Bretan – Bass guitar (2004)
Rob Falzano – Drums (2004)
Tony Chappelle – Drusm (2005)
Alex Landenburg – Drums (2007)
Brian Daemon – Bass guitar (2007)
Carlos Cantatore - Drums (2010)

Discography

Albums
Alice in Hell (1989)
Never, Neverland (1990)
Set the World on Fire (1993)
King of the Kill (1994)
Refresh the Demon (1996)
Remains (1997)
Criteria for a Black Widow (1999)
Carnival Diablos (2001)
Waking the Fury (2002)
All for You (2004)
Schizo Deluxe (2005)
Metal (2007)
Annihilator (2010)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1980s music groups
Musical groups established in 1984
1990s music groups
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Canadian heavy metal bands
Canadian thrash metal bands
Speed metal bands
Progressive metal bands
Cao Yuan (; born February 7, 1995 in Beijing) is a Chinese diver. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Men's synchronized 10 metre platform, winning the gold medal.

References

1995 births
Living people
Olympic gold medalists
Chinese sportspeople
Divers
Pedro Almodóvar Caballero (born 25 September 1949) is a Spanish movie director, producer and screenwriter. His movies include: All About My Mother and Talk to Her.

Almodóvar is openly gay.

Related pages
List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people

References

Other websites 

1949 births
Living people
Gay men
LGBT actors
LGBT directors
LGBT producers
LGBT screenwriters
Spanish movie actors
Spanish movie directors
Spanish movie producers
Spanish screenwriters
The Panama Canal Zone () is a  former unorganized United States territory. It is now the country of Panama.

In 1903, the territory was controlled by the United States. As a part of the United States, the zone had several towns and military bases. 

The Zone was disestablished in October 1, 1979 as part of a treaty signed in 1977 by President Jimmy Carter and Omar Torrijos, the unofficial leader of Panama.

The Panama Canal was operated by the United States until December 31, 1999, when it returned to Panama.

History 
The treaty was approved by the provisional Panamanian government on December 2, 1903, and by the US Senate on February 23, 1903. While the treaty was approved, the Panamanians received US$10 million, much of which the United States required to be invested in that country. The Canal Zone was formally turned over by Panama on May 4, 1904, when American officials reopened the Panama City offices of the canal company and raised the American flag.

Notable people
 John McCain – U.S. Senator from Arizona and the Republican nominee for President for the 2008 US presidential election

References

1903 establishments in North America
1979 disestablishments in North America
20th century in Panama
20th century in the United States
Agoura High School is a public high school in Agoura Hills, California, United States. It is the largest school in the Las Virgenes Unified School District, which covers the western section of Los Angeles County. In Newsweek's 2007 poll of the best high schools in the United States, Agoura High School ranked 1173th. The current principal of the school is Brian Mercer.

References

Other websites
Official website

1965 establishments in California
Los Angeles County, California
Schools in California