cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Possibly among the earliest traces of art are Venus figurines. These are figurines that show women. Most often the women are shown as being pregnant, with breasts well visible. The figurines occur from Western Europeto Siberia. Most are about 30.000 years old; Two figurimes have been found that are much older, the Venus of Tan-Tan has been dated to 500.000 to 300.000 years ago. It was found in Morocco. The Venus of Berekhat Ram was found on the Golan Heights. It has been dated to 300.000 to 200.000 years ago. It may be the earliest thing that shows the human form. 

Different kind of stone, bones and ivory were used to make the figurines. Some are also made of clay which was then burned in a fire. This is one of the earliest known traces of the use of ceramics.

Today it is not known what the figurines meant for the people who made them. There are two basic interpretations:
They may be representations of human fertility, or they may have been made to increase it.
They may represent (fertility) goddesses.
Scientists have excluded that they were linked to the fertility of fields, because agriculture had not yet been discovered.

The two figurines that are older may have mostly formed by natural processes. The Venus of Tan-Tan was covered with a substance that could have been some kind of paint. It contained traces of Iron and Manganese. The figurine of Berekhat Ram  shows traces that someone worked on it with a tool. A study done in 1997 states that this could not have been done by nature alone

References

Ancient history
Ceramics
The Venus of Tan-Tan is a venus figurine. It was found in Morocco. It has been dated to be between 300.000 and 500.000 years old. Unlike the other venus figurines, it appears neither male nor female.

Ancient history
The Venus of Berekhat Ram is a stone that was found on the Golan Heights in 1981. Scientists have proposed to classify it as a Venus figurine, because there are traces it was worked on with a stone tool. The things that have been worked can clearly be told apart from the natural stone. It is therefore agreed that the pebble has been modified by human action, even though it bears little resemblance to the much later "Venus figurines" of about 30.000 years ago.

References 

Ancient history
Golan Heights
Sculptures
This is a list of Baptists. This list is not complete.



Preachers, theologians, and missionaries 

 Chambers, Oswald, converted to Christianity under C. H. Spurgeon
 Colson, Chuck, former top aide to President Richard Nixon 
 Falwell, Jerry, televangelist, founder of the Moral Majority
 Graham, Billy 
 Ham, Mordecai, tent revivalist who preached the sermon where Billy Graham was converted to Christianity
 Hyles, Jack, controversial pastor and leader of the Independent Baptist movement
 King, Dr. Martin Luther (Jr.), Civil rights leader, Nobel Peace Prize recipient 
 MacArthur, John (Jr.), pastor and theologian
 Rogers, Adrian, televangelical
 Spurgeon, C. H., British pastor, known as "The Prince of Preachers"
 Stanley, Charles, televangelist founder of In Touch Ministries

Politicians

 Carter, Jimmy, Nobel Peace Prize recipient;  39th President of the United States 
 Huckabee, Mike, (R) former governor of Arkansas and 2008 Presidential candidate 
 Lincoln, Abraham, 16th President of the United States. Lincoln was raised in the Regular Baptist church, but did not practice any organized religion as an adult.
 McCain, John, United States Senator (R) Arizona, Presidential candidate
Rockefeller, Nelson, U.S. Vice-President under Gerald Ford (1974-77)

Entertainers 

 Aiken, Clay, country music singer
Campbell, Glen, country music singer
Cash, Johnny, country music singer
Costner, Kevin, actor
Davis, Bette, actress and former Baptist
Holly, Buddy, rock 'n' roll singer
Murphy, Eddie
Norris, Chuck, actor

Other Baptists 
Brown, Jim, former fullback for the Cleveland Browns
Mutombo, Dikembe, center for the Houston Rockets
Johnson, Zach, professional golfer, winner of the 2007 Masters Tournament
White, Reggie, professional football defensive end; member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame
Jesse James, an American outlaw, son of a Baptist minister
 Rockefeller, John D, twentieth century oil tycoon
 Bunyan, John, author of Pilgrim's Progress
 Grisham, John, bestselling author of The Firm, A Painted House and Skipping Christmas.
 LaHaye, Tim, co-author of the bestselling Left Behind series

References

Other websites 
 Christian Hall of Fame
 Famous Baptists 

Lists of people
Grace could mean:
 Grace, Idaho
 Grace (given name), a feminine name
 Grace (prayer), said before or after a meal
 Grace (plotting tool), software
 Grace (photograph), the Minnesota state photograph
 "Grace" (short story), by James Joyce
 Grace (style), a form of address
 "Grace" (Stargate SG-1), a television series episode
 Hyundai Grace, a minivan built by Hyundai Motor Company
 Grace Choi a character in the fictional DC Universe

in music:
 Grace (album) (1994), by Jeff Buckley
 Grace (band), a 1990s dance music group
  Grace (Simon Webbe album), by Simon Webbe

A song:
"Grace" (Jeff Buckley song), a 1994 song by Jeff Buckley
"Grace" (U2 song), a 2000 song by U2
"Grace" (Supergrass song), a 2002 song by Supergrass
"Grace" (Simon Webbe song), a 2007 song by Simon Webbe
"The Grace" (song), a 2005 song by Canadian band Neverending White Lights

in religion:
 Divine grace, unearned favors received from God.
 Prevenient grace, an Augustine Christian theological concept 
 Irresistible grace, a Calvinistic Christian theological concept
 Actual grace, a Catholic theological concept.

Grace may also be:
 Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
 One of the Charites

People with the surname Grace
 John Hilton Grace, a British mathematician
 Mark Grace, baseball player
 Mike Grace, baseball player
 Topher Grace, an American actor
 William Gilbert Grace, an English cricket player
 William Russell Grace, founder of W. R. Grace and Company
 Helen Grace, British actress
 Jared Grace, Spiderwick Chronicles character
 Simon Grace, Spiderwick Chronicles character
 Mallory Grace, Spiderwick Chronicles character
 Helen Grace, Spiderwick Chronicles character

Related pages
 Gracie
 Saving Grace
"Grace Kelly" (song)
Grace Under Pressure
 States of Grace
 Will & Grace
 Grace Under Fire
 "Grace Under Pressure" (Stargate Atlantis)
 Le Bénédicité ("Grace") a painting by Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin
Chattanooga is the fourth-largest city in Tennessee, a state in the United States of America. Cities larger than it are Memphis - the largest; Nashville - the capital of the state; and Knoxville. Chattanooga is in the southeast of Tennessee.

The first people to live in the Chattanooga area were Native American Indians with sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period.

Geography and climate 
The United States Census Bureau say that the city has a total area of 143.2 square miles (370.8 km²). This is made up of 135.2 square miles (350.2 km²) of land, and 8.0 square miles (20.6 km²) of water (5.56% of the total area).

The most well known natural feature near Chattanooga is the Tennessee River and the surrounding highlands.  The city is between the southwestern Ridge-and-valley Appalachians and the foot of Walden's Ridge.

References

Other websites 
 City of Chattanooga

 
County seats in Tennessee
Jonathan Edwards (October 5, 1703 – March 22, 1758) was a colonial American preacher, theologian, and missionary to Native Americans.  He was one of the most important people in the Great Awakening, a religious movement in the United States.  He preached a sermon called "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God".

1703 births
1758 deaths
American Calvinists
American theologians
Christian religious leaders
Missionaries
People from Massachusetts
Johnny Reid "John" Edwards (born June 10, 1953) is an American politician. He served one term as U.S. Senator from North Carolina.

Early life 
Johnny Edward was born at Prisma Health Oconee Memorial Hospital in Seneca, South Carolina, He was son of Wallace Edwards and Catharine Edwards, He studied Clemson University and North Carolina State University,  He was graduated in Bachelor's degree of textile technology in 1974, After that He was graduated in Doctor of Law at University of North Carolina School of Law .

Lawyer 
Before his time in the Senate, he was a lawyer. He argued and won several big cases about doctors who gave bad care and caused harm to patients. He also won lawsuits for people who had been injured by negligence of businesses or by using their products.

His best known case was for a Cary, North Carolina three year old girl. She was badly injured by being sucked into an open drain in a swimming pool playpool for toddlers. Her family won enough money from the drain company to pay for her medical care for the rest of her life.

Political career 
Edwards served for one term in the United States Senate from 1999 to 2005, serving his state of North Carolina. He decided not to run for re-election as he was running for president, and later vice-president, in the 2004 election cycle. He ran for President of the United States twice, in 2004 and 2008, but was defeated by John Kerry and Barack Obama in the Primaries.  He was later chosen to be the Democratic candidate for Vice-President in 2004 on the Kerry ticket, but he was defeated by incumbent Vice-President Dick Cheney.

Personal life 
In 2008, he admitted to having an affair while his wife, Elizabeth was dying.  He has written several books.

References

Other websites 
 John Edwards for President official campaign website

1953 births
Living people
Lawyers from North Carolina
2004 United States presidential candidates
American Methodists
Politicians from Raleigh, North Carolina
Politicians from South Carolina
United States senators from North Carolina
US Democratic Party politicians
Businesspeople from South Carolina
Businesspeople from North Carolina
Writers from Raleigh, North Carolina
Writers from South Carolina
Lawyers from South Carolina
Freespire is a Linux distribution made with parts from Ubuntu. It was made to make using free software easy, while giving the choice to use non-free (not open source) parts. These parts might be programs, drivers, or codecs. Linspire, a commercial Linux distribution, is made from Freespire.

Related pages
List of Linux distributions

Linux distributions
In Christianity, the spiritual gifts are gifts given to Christians. Each Christian has his or her own gift (or gifts). They are talked about in the New Testament, mainly in First Corinthians 12, Romans 12, and Ephesians 4. Some believe that they only worked in early Christianity.

Christian theology

ru:Святой Дух#Дары Святого Духа
The word sanctification refers to the act of making holy or setting apart as special. The word is used five times in the Authorized Version of the New Testament (1 Corinthians 1:30, 1 Thessalonians 4:3,1 Thessalonians 4:4, 2 Thessalonians 2:13, and 1 Peter 1:2).

To sanctify means “to set apart for special use or purpose,” and “to make holy or sacred,” and etymologically from the Latin verb 'sanctificare' which in turn is from sanctus “holy” and facere “to make.”

When an object or place is made holy, usually a ceremony is performed. Then people see that it is a special object or place and treat it with respect.  A person may also be "set apart for special purpose", as when a priest or pastor is ordained.  

Sanctification can also refer to the process by which a person becomes a good moral person, or  someone with a close relationship to God.  This may not include any ceremony.  Persons who achieve this holiness are sometimes called Saints.  Some churches have a list of saints who have been recognized as having been especially holy persons.   

Generally in Protestant teaching, all Christians are considered saints.  All are expected to become people who are close to God and who live a life like that which Jesus taught.  Reading the Bible, prayer, worshiping God and Jesus and telling others about their faith are important in becoming sanctified. 

Christian terminology
Christian theology
Glossolalia, or speaking in tongues, is speaking rapid speech-like syllables which cannot be understood. In some cases it is part of religious practice. Some consider it as a part of a sacred language. It is a common practice amongst Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity.

Linguistics
In 1972 a linguist from the University of Toronto published an assessment of Pentecostal glossolalia. His assessment was based on a large sample of glossolalia recorded in public and private Christian meetings in Italy, the Netherlands, Jamaica, Canada and the US.

Samarin found that glossolalic speech is like human language in some respects. The speaker uses accent, rhythm, intonation and pauses to break up the speech into distinct units. Each unit is itself made up of syllables. The syllables are formed from consonants and vowels taken from a language known to the speaker:
It is verbal behaviour that consists of using a certain number of consonants and vowels... in a limited number of syllables that in turn are organized into larger units that are taken apart and rearranged pseudogrammatically... with variations in pitch, volume, speed and intensity.p120

Samarin found that the resemblance to human language was just on the surface. He concluded that glossolalia is "only a facade of language".p128 The syllable string did not form words, the stream of speech was not internally organized, and – most importantly of all – there was no systematic relationship between units of speech and concepts. Humans use language to communicate but glossolalia does not. Therefore, he concluded that glossolalia is not "a specimen of human language because it is neither internally organized nor systematically related to the world man perceives".p128 On the basis of his linguistic analysis, Samarin defined Pentecostal glossolalia as "meaningless but phonologically structured human utterance, believed by the speaker to be a real language but bearing no systematic resemblance to any natural language, living or dead".p2

References 

Linguistics
Theology
Pentecostalism
Yucatec Maya ("Maaya T'aan" in the revised orthography of the Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala) is a Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula. It is also spoken in northern Belize and parts of Guatemala. To native speakers, it is known only as Maya - "Yucatec" is a label linguists use to distinguish it from other Mayan languages (such as K'iche' and Itza' Maya).

In the Mexican states of Yucatán, northern Campeche and Quintana Roo, Maya remains many speakers' first language today, with approximately 800,000 speakers.

Languages of North America
Maya civilization
Tayasal is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site from the Postclassic period.  The site is in the southern Maya lowlands on a small island in Lake Petén Itzá. This island is now part of the Department of Petén in northern Guatemala.  Tayasal was the capital of one of the last independent Maya polities to be conquered by the Spanish conquistadores and colonizers, along with Zacpeten (the capital of the Ko'woj Maya) and Eixequil (the Yalnain capital), in 1697.  

As an archaeological site, it was heavily damaged by the Spanish after its fall.  The capital city of the modern Petén department, Flores, has been built over the island and the nearby shores of the lake.  

The Itza left the Yucatán region in the 13th century and built the city later known as Tayasal as their capital. They called it Noh Petén, or literally "City Island". It was also called Tah Itzá, or Place of the Itzá.

In 1541, Hernán Cortés came to the island, on route to Honduras, but needed to move on and did not try to conquer it due to its very good defensive position. 

The Spanish were not able to conquer the island until 1697, after several attempts, that begun in 1629, when they marched in, from Corozal in Belize, Yucatán and Alta Verapaz, attacked with boats, and destroyed it. Many Itzá people hid in the jungle for years. The structures of Noh Petén were turned into the Roman Catholic Church and other buildings in the city of Flores.

Related pages
Spanish conquest of Yucatán

Other websites
History and Photos from Tayasal, Zacpetén and Queixil Islands 

Archaeological sites in Guatemala
Maya civilization
An archaeological site is a place where physical remains of the past survive. The archaeologists working there will carefully record what they find. They may also change the site so that what has been found can be preserved better.

The site will have trenches so that people can excavate better. To start the excavation, the topsoil will be removed. Special tools like pickaxes and mattocks are used to break up and remove very hard compacted soil. Shovels and spades are used to clear away bulk debris. Other hand tools used in bulk cleanup work are hoes, rakes, forks, and the wheelbarrow to cart it away.
Flora Jane Thompson (5 December 1876 – 21 May 1947) was an English novelist and poet that was famous for her semi-autobiographical trilogy about the English countryside, Lark Rise to Candleford.

She was born in Juniper Hill, a hamlet in north-east Oxfordshire. She was the eldest of six children of the stonemason Albert and the nursemaid Emma Timms. In her books her favourite brother, Edwin, is mentioned as important companion during her childhood. He was killed near Ypres in 1916. Flora was educated in the village Cottisford and worked in various post offices in southern England. The first of these was Fringford, a village about four miles north-east of Bicester. Flora started work here in 1891, as assistant to the postmistress, Mrs. Kezia Whitton. Among other post offices where Flora worked was that at Grayshott, in Hampshire, and she later moved to Bournemouth. In 1903 she married John William Thompson, with whom she had two sons and a daughter.

Flora benefited from good access to books when the public library opened in Winton, in 1907. Not long after, in 1911, she won an essay competition in The Ladies Companion for a 300-word essay on Jane Austen. She later wrote extensively, publishing short stories and magazine and newspaper articles. She was a keen self-taught naturalist and many of her nature articles were anthologised in 1986.

Her most famous works are the Lark Rise to Candleford trilogy, which she sent as essays to Oxford University Press in 1938 and which were published soon after. The books are a, if autobiographical, but fictionalised social history of rural English life in the late 19th and early 20th century and are now considered minor classics.

Flora Thompson died in 1947 in Brixham, Devon and is buried at Longcross Cemetery, Dartmouth, Devon.

Bibliography

Verse
 Bog Myrtle and Peat (1921)

Novels
 Lark Rise (1939)
 Over to Candleford (1941)
 Candleford Green (1943)
 Lark Rise to Candleford (1945, above three novels published as a trilogy)
 Still Glides the Stream (1948, published posthumously)
 Heatherley (sequel to Lark Rise to Candleford written c.1944 - published posthumously first in A Country Calendar 1979 along with some Peverel Papers and some poems; then as single volume 1998)
 Gates of Eden (serialised in The Peverel Monthly edited by Flora in the late 1920s but never published as a separate volume)

Nature articles
 The Peverel Papers (1986, published )

References

Other websites

Flora Thompson website
Lark Rise to Candleford website

1876 births
1947 deaths
English novelists
English poets
Lark Rise to Candleford  is a trilogy of semi-autobiographical novels set in the English countryside in the late 19th century. They were written by Flora Thompson, and first published in that form in 1945. The trilogy includes the previously published stories Lark Rise (1939), Over to Candleford (1941) and Candleford Green (1943).

The stories relate to three communities, a hamlet, the nearby village and the nearest town in Oxfordshire, England. The stories are loosely based around Flora's childhood experiences. The books describe village life through the seasons of the year.

The plays
The television scriptwriter and playwright Keith Dewhurst adapted Thompson’s trilogy into two plays, Lark Rise and Candleford, which were performed in the Cottesloe auditorium of London’s National Theatre in 1978–9. Dewhurst selected just two days: the first day of harvest for Lark Rise and the first hunt meet of the new year, a winter’s day in January, for Candleford. The plays try to make the audience recognize the value of a way of life, close to the land and countryside, that they could never know for themselves. “It will send most spectators out wiser and happier human beings...one of those rare theatrical occasions with a genuine healing quality”,  wrote theatre critic Michael Billington of The Guardian.

Television

A ten-part BBC adaptation, starring Dawn French and others, began on BBC One in the UK on 13 January 2008.

References

Other websites
Lark Rise Visited   The Soundtrack from the TV show.
Great War Fiction Commentary from a resident of Juniper Hill—the real village of “Lark Rise”.

English novels
Fiction set in the past
Oxfordshire
Series of books
Lark Rise to Candleford is a British television costume drama series, adapted by the BBC from Flora Thompson's trilogy of semi-autobiographical novels about the English countryside. The first episode aired on 13 January 2008 on BBC One and BBC HD. Its cast includes actors from other late 2007 and early 2008 BBC costume dramas such as Sense and Sensibility and Cranford.

The story set in Oxfordshire. It is about Laura Timmins, a teenage girl from the village of Lark Rise who is sent by her parents to work as an assistant at the post office in the nearby town of Candleford.  The post office is run by Miss Dorcas Lane, who is a cousin of Laura's mother.  Laura's father, the stonemason Robert Timmins, at first misses her but later becomes proud of her for doing well in her new job.  Laura's friend Alf Arless is in love with her, but, as Laura becomes used to life in Candleford, he realises that she will never return his feelings.

The other post office workers are the postman, Thomas Brown, a very religious man who tries not to get involved in any kind of mischief or fun; the maid Zillah, who has been with Miss Lane for many years and considers herself in charge of the household; and Mrs Macey, the senior assistant who decides to leave when other people find out that her husband has been in prison.

A second series began in January 2009, introducing some new characters. These include a new maid, Minnie, and a rich hotel-owner, James Dowland, who falls in love with Dorcas Lane.

In the end, the series had a four season run. The BBC stopped a fifth season, because the team felt that after four seasons, the time was right to bring in new dramas. It was said they hoped viewers would love the new programmes in the same way.  The last episode on BBC was in early 2011.

Changes from source material
The Debtors Act of 1869 abolished putting people in prison for debt they could not pay.  The series makes much of Mrs Arless', played by Dawn French, imprisonment for debt. In the novels the events are played out in the 1880s and later. So imprisonment for debt would therefore be a mistake in the chronology of time.

References

Other websites
Lark Rise to Candleford at bbc.co.uk

Lark Rise Visited   The Soundtrack from the TV show.

2008 British television series debuts
2011 British television series endings
2000s British television series
2010s British television series
BBC Television programmes
British drama television series
Oxfordshire
Period television series
12 Rounds is a 2009 movie set to be directed by Renny Harlin and produced by WWE Films. Casting is currently taking place, but professional wrestler John Cena is set to star with Steve Harris, Aidan Gillen, and Brian J. White. Filming has been scheduled to take place in New Orleans between February 25 and May 12, 2008.

The Story 
The movie follows Danny Baxter (Cena), a New Orleans police detective, as he begins a 12-round battle of wits to recover his kidnapped girlfriend, Janine, from criminal master Miles Jackson III.

References

Other websites 
 

12 Rounds
American movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Renny Harlin
The Miami Seaquarium is an aquarium on Virginia Key, in Miami, Florida. The park has animals such as dolphins, whales, snakes, crocodiles, alligators, sharks, fish, parrots, turtles or sea turtles, etc. It has been open since 1955.

The main attraction is Lolita, the world's oldest captive orca. She is now the park's only orca. Animal rights activists have long argued that the tank does not meet federal minimum requirements (Animal Welfare Act). The USDA has recently made statements in support of the activists' argument. However, Lolita is a special case.

References 

Aquariums
Buildings and structures in Miami, Florida
1955 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in Florida
The winter solstice is the time when the sun has the biggest distance to the Tropic of Cancer. After this, the sun is going to move to back in the direction of the equator.

The Earth revolves around the Sun. The sunlight reaches the Earth at an angle. On each day of the year, the sun will be perpendicular at a given latitude. At the start of spring and at the start of autumn it passes over the equator. On the June Solstice it is over the Tropic of Cancer, at 23.5 degrees north. In the Northern Hemisphere this is the longest day of the year, which has the shortest night and is called the Summer Solstice. In the Southern Hemisphere this is the shortest day of the year, which has the longest night and is called the Winter Solstice. On the December Solstice it is over the Tropic of Capricorn, at 23.5 degrees south. In the Southern Hemisphere this is the longest day of the year, which has the shortest night and is called the Summer Solstice. In the Northern Hemisphere this is the shortest day of the year, which has the longest night and is called the Winter Solstice.

For the northern hemisphere, the Winter solstice is around 21 December. This means that the sun is at the southern tropic. For the southern Hemisphere, the winter solstice is around 21 June. This means that the sun is at the northern tropic.

The word solstice comes from Latin Sol (sun) and sistere (to not move), winter solstice meaning Sun standstill in winter.

The earth prone and moves in an elliptic way around the sun. Because of this, the point from where the sun is shining moves between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer.

The winter solstice is celebrated around 21 December since 1582, when Pope Gregory XIII introduced the Gregorian calendar.

References

Astronomical phenomena
Sergio Castillo (13 May 1925 – 19 August 2010 in Santiago, Chile) was a sculptor.

He began as an architect. In 1948 he travelled to Paris and took painting courses. After returning to Chile he attended the Faculty of Arts of the University of Chile, where he studied with two known teachers, Lily Garafulic and Marta Colvin. In 1956 he studied at the Art Student League of New York. From 1967 he taught at the University of Chile. He lived and worked for many years at San Lorenzo del Escorial, Spain. In 1985 he joined the faculty of Boston University, in the US. He built several large pieces on the campus of Boston University.

He won the National Award in Art (1997). “50 años creando mis animales en acero” (50 years making my steel animals) is his recent exposition, including things that look a little like animals.

Other websites 
Some of his works 

1925 births
2010 deaths
Chilean sculptors
Bearded dragons are agamid lizards in the genus Pogona.

The central bearded dragon is the common name for Pogona vitticeps, which lives in dry areas of Australia The name "bearded dragon" refers to the fringes around and under the head. The underside of the throat turns black if they are stressed or see a potential rival.

Description 
Central bearded dragons can grow to about 2 feet long. Half of the length of a bearded dragon's body is its tail. Females are usually smaller than males. If a bearded dragon is scared, it will flatten its body against the ground, puff out its spiky throat, and open its jaws to make itself look larger. Bearded dragons sometimes open their mouths wide to allow hot air to warm them better when they are lying in the sun. They also open their mouths to help them cool down; the warm air and heat escapes through their mouths. This behavior is similar to panting.

Habitat and Behavior 
In the wild, the central bearded dragon lives in dry, hot forests and deserts in central Australia.They can climb very well, and spend a lot of time on top of tree branches, fence posts, and bushes. They are ectotherms, meaning they rely on their environment to warm them, so they spend the mornings and evenings out in the sun. During the mid-morning and mid evening they will bask on rocks or in trees, they hide underground during the night. If you ever see a bearded dragon with his head pointed down and flat it is sick and you should not touch it.

Adult bearded dragons are very territorial. As they grow, they establish territories in which displays of aggression and appeasement form a normal part of their social interactions. A dominant male will adopt a dominant stance and sometimes ready himself for a fight to attack a male aggressor to defend territory, food sources, or in competition for a female.

Bearded dragons do not make sounds usually, but when they are scared they might hiss like a cat. They move their bodies and change color to talk to each other. Sometimes, young bearded dragons will wave their arms to greet adults. A dominant bearded dragon will take the highest spot to rest, and will climb over others to get there. Bearded dragons also bob their heads up and down to communicate.

When a female bearded dragon is ready to lay eggs she will not eat very much and will spend most of her time trying to dig a hole to put the eggs in.

Diet 
Central bearded dragons eat small and large insects, such as grasshoppers and worms. They also eat  leaves, fruit, vegetables and flowers. They get most of their water from the food they eat, but they also need to drink sometimes. You can also give them horn worms (tomato worms) as a treat once or twice a every two months as a treat.

Other Websites 

Bearded dragon advice page
Bearded Dragons as Pets

Reptiles of Australia
Lizards
Mensa International (or just Mensa) is the largest, oldest and most famous high-IQ group of people in the world. The non-profit organization only has members with high IQs. They must score at the 98th percentile or higher on a standardized, supervised intelligence test. In many cases the IQ you have to have to join is 130.

Related pages 
 List of Mensans
 Intertel
 Triple Nine Society

References

Other websites 
 Mensa Education and Research Foundation
 Mensa for Kids
 Example of tests similar to Mensa tests

Intelligence
Non-profit organizations
The Dow Jones Industrial Average (, also called the DJIA, Dow 30, The Dow Jones or The Dow) is a stock market index. It was created by Charles Dow, who worked for the Wall Street Journal newspaper and later made a new company named Dow Jones & Company.

The stock prices of 30 companies are used to calculate the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The 30 companies are picked by experts who work for Dow Jones. These people pick companies so that the calculated number will represent the general economy of the United States. The rules to pick companies say that all the companies must be from the USA. The rules also say the companies' stocks must be traded on either the NYSE or the Nasdaq Exchange. 

In the past the companies were all heavy industries companies and made things like steel, oil, autos, and appliances. Now the DJIA has many different kinds of companies including some that offer products and services like medicine or software.

Since 2020, these are the companies that currently make up the Dow Jones:

For a list of companies that have once been a part on the Dow Jones but are no longer part of it today, see this list.

1896 establishments in the United States
Old Major is a character in the book Animal Farm.  He is an award winning elderly Middle White boar. He is twelve years of age, and had 400 piglets. Old Major has a wise and benevolent look but his tushes are never cut. He had given inspiration to the other pigs about the fair rules on the farm once the farmers were gone, before Old Major died. Old Major is based on Marx and Lenin of the Russian Revolution, whose ideas changed into Communism.

Role in the Story
One evening, Old Major said that he had a dream the night before. Because of the dream, a meeting was to be held in the big barn at night. At the meeting, he talked with the other animals about the cause of their suffering, Man. He gave them the way to end their problem, rebellion. Later, he told the farm animals about his dream. In the dream he saw the Earth after Man was no longer on it. He also remembered a song sung by the animals of old, "Beasts of England", which the animals learned very fast.

While the animals were singing "Beasts of England", the sound woke their owner Mr. Jones. He fired his gun six times. This ended the meeting immediately.  Old Major died peacefully in his sleep 3 days later.

Animal Farm characters
Fictional pigs
The Yanomami (also spelled Yąnomamö or Yanomama) is a local tribe living in southern Venezuela (Amazonas department) and northern Brazil (Amazonas state and Roraima). There are approximately 35,000 Yanomami people who live in some 200–250 villages. They live in shabonos, which are villages made with wood, straw and palm leaves.
They are also called Yanomamo and Yanam.
The word "Yanomami" means "human being".

The Yanomami tribe have lived in the rain forests of South America for centuries.
They live in small groups, and shelter in one huge house and it is called a Yanos which can hold up to 250 Yanomami people. Each of the sections has its own language.
The Yanomami tribe is also known as the Yanomamo. There is an average of 20,000 Yanomami. 
About 12,000 of them are Yanomamo. They eat plantains which is the most important food. The Yanomami love to hunt. Most of the child     
raising is done by the females of the family. Yanomami tribe villages sometimes have different languages so people from one may not understand the others. Rituals are a very important part of being a Yanomami. There are about 200-250 Yanomami villages in the area between the tropic of cancer to Capricorn. 

South American peoplejsjakakajjs
The Ancient Near East is the name given to early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria), Persia (modern Iran), Anatolia (modern Turkey), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, and Jordan), and Ancient Egypt, from the rise of Sumer in the 4th millennium BCE until the region's conquest by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCE, or covering both the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in the region. As such, it is a term widely used in the fields of Near Eastern archaeology, ancient history and Egyptology.
Some would exclude Egypt from the ancient Near East as a geographically and culturally distinct area. However, because of Egypt's intimate involvement with the region, especially from the 2nd millennium BCE, this exclusion is rare.

The ancient Near East is considered the cradle of civilization. It was the first to practice intensive year-round agriculture; it gave the rest of the world the first writing system, invented the potter's wheel and then the vehicular- and mill wheel, created the first centralized governments, law codes and empires, as well as introducing social stratification, slavery and organized warfare, and it laid the foundation for the fields of astronomy and mathematics.

Ancient history
Boxer is a character from the book Animal Farm by George Orwell.  He is a horse, and is nearly eighteen hands high. In the book he is as strong as two horses put together. He has a white stripe down his nose, and that gives him a strange appearance. But still he was respected for his great power in work and his good character. He works as a cart-horse, as does Clover. Benjamin likes him in secret. 

In the book Boxer falls into the quarry when he was pulling a cart full of rock and is sent to a veterinarian on another farm by Napoleon. Squealer, Napoleon's spokesman, then claims he died peacefully, but Benjamin realises he has actually gone to the knacker's (slang for slaughterhouse, where animals are killed). Boxer was the most hard-working animal in the farm and was respected by all. When Boxer tried to support Snowball against Squealer, Napoleon tries to attack Boxer with his dogs but Boxer easily crushes the dog. Boxer is an ideal character showing loyalty along with his great hard work.  

His slogans are: 
"I will always work harder."
"Napoleon's always right." 

He is a very loyal, caring character, but he is flawed in his lack of intelligence and does not see the real truth behind situations.

Boxer represents the loyal communist working class.
Him being slaughtered represents Stalin getting rid of the workers that are too old or too ill to participate in labour. 
The windmill represents them building the Industries and Boxer getting up early represents the working class working extremely hard. 
His gullibility represents the working class being gullible and doing what they are told for promises in the future.
His slogan “I will work harder” represents the working class's belief in Communism. “Napoleon is always right” represents their trust in the political system. 

Animal Farm characters
Fictional animals
In the fictional story Animal Farm, Benjamin is the oldest animal on Manor Farm, and very cool-tempered. He seldom speaks, except to make some cynical remark. He is the only animal on the farm that never laughs, saying that there was nothing to laugh at when asked about it. Without admitting it, Benjamin is devoted to Boxer, grazing with him in a small padlock near the orchard on Sundays.  He was not changed by the rebellion that took place towards the beginning of the novel.

Animal Farm characters
The  is a video game console made in 1986. It was not very popular in North America and Japan but was very popular in Brazil. One of the most popular game of the Sega Master System was Sonic the Hedgehog.

, the Master System was still in production in Brazil by Tectoy. This would make it the world's longest-lived console.

Background

Launch
In October 1985, the Sega Mark III was released in Japan for ¥15,000.

The console was redesigned as the "Master System", and it was released in North America in 1986 at a price of $200 (). It included a multicart of the games Hang-On and Safari Hunt. By the end of 1986, 125,000 Master System consoles had been sold. This was more than the Atari 7800's 100,000, but it was less than the NES's 1.1 million.

The console was re-released as the Master System in Japan in October 1987 for ¥16,800. It still sold poorly as did the Mark III.  Neither model posed a serious challenge to Nintendo in Japan.

Transition to Genesis and decline
Sega released the Mega Drive, a 16-bit video game console, in Japan on October 29, 1988. The last game released for the Mark III/Master System in Japan was Bomber Raid in 1989.

By early 1992, Master System production stopped in North America. By that time, between 1.5 million and 2 million units had been sold in the United States.

The Master System was eventually a success in Europe. In Europe,  it sold more than the NES by a lot. As late as 1993, the Master System's active installed user base in Europe was 6.25 million units. That was larger than that of the Mega Drive's 5.73 million base that year.  Combined with the Mega Drive, Sega had the majority of the console user base in Europe that year.

Continued success in Brazil 
The Master System has had continued success in Brazil. In Brazil, new versions have continued to be released. Tectoy has been manufacturing Master Systems since 1989. These versions include the Master System Compact and the Master System 3. In 2015, it was reported that the Master System sells around 150,000 units per year in Brazil. By 2016, the Master System had sold 8 million units in Brazil. Because Tectoy continued to produce the Master System years for so long, the Master System is considered the longest-lived in the history of video game consoles.

Reception and legacy
It is estimated that 13 million Master Systems were sold. This does not include recent Brazil sales.

Notes

References

Sega video game consoles
Spacewar! is one of the first known video games. It was released in 1962. It was made by Steve Russell and others. In this game, the player has to shoot the other spaceships while flying around a star. The ships shoot missiles (rockets) which were unaffected (nothing happened) by the gravity. Each ship had only a few missiles and only a little bit of fuel.explode.

Arcade games
The Moura Photovoltaic Power Station is in the municipality of Moura, in the interior region of Alentejo, Portugal. It has an installed capacity of 62 MWp. The first stage of construction was finished in 2008 and the second and final stage was finished in 2010. Together with the construction of the power station, a solar panel factory is currently being built and there are plans for a research lab dedicated to solar energy.

The brainchild of Prof Mario Baptista Coelho, the founding partner of Renatura and a Professor of Geostrategy of Natural Resources at the Faculty of Sciences of Lisbon, Moura was the first step in proving the feasibility of Very-Large Scale Photovoltaic Plants.

Originally conceptualized in 1999, Moura is a stepping stone in addressing the issue of carbon dioxide by way of solar energy.

Moura is currently operated by Acciona, which purchased the project in 2007.

Coped with Moura is the Sunflower Sustainability Project, as in integrated package of the paradigm of sustainability and Zero-Carbon Communities (www.sunflower-project.net).

References 

Solar power plants
Buildings and structures in Portugal
Jérémie (Kréyòl: Jeremi) is a city in southwest Haiti. It is the capital city of the Grand'Anse Département.

Jérémie is also called the City of Poets because of the many writers, poets, and historians that were born or live there, such as Etzer Vilaire and Émile Roumer. The father of the French writer Alexandre Dumas, père, General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas, was born at Madère, near Jérémie.

History 
The town was founded in 1756 when the country was the French colony of Saint-Domingue. It was built where there was a small fishing town called Trou-Jérémie.

Geography 
The city is on the north coast of the Southern Peninsula, on a small bay. It is among low mountains (Bordes, Rochasse and Caracol) and almost isolated from the rest of the country, about 280 km south of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. To the southeast of the city is the River Grande-Anse.

It is also the chief town of an arrondissement (a part of a department) with the same name. The arrondissement has five communes (a commune is like a municipality): Jérémie, Abricots, Bonbon, Chambellan and Moron.

Economy 
Jeremie is an important Haitian port; bananas are send to other countries from this port.

Places to visit 
There are several interesting places to visit and see in Jérémie and near the city. Some of them are:
 Fort Télémaque or Fort Marfrac. It was built after the Haitian independence to defend the area.
 Église Saint-Louis (Saint Louis Church), built during the 19th century.
 The Anse-d'Azur' beach. There are other interesting beaches such as those of Gommier and Guinaudée.
 L'Habitation Latibolière where the General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas, father of the French writer Alexandre Dumas, was born. It was a farm where coffee was grown; its old name was Habitation Davy de La Pailleterie''.

Media

Radio 
 Radio Grand-Anse FM
 Radio Imagine FM (Corail)
 Radio Lanbi FM (Rue Stenio Vincent)
 Radio Orbite (Rue De la Paix)
 Radio Tèt Ansanm (Rue Abbe Huet)
 Radio Pipirite Nouvelle (Rue Alexandre Petion)
 Radio Jérémie Nouvelle (Rue Dr Hypolytte)
 Radio Echo Celeste (Calas)
 Radio ABC FM (Caracolie)
 Radio Xaragua FM (Rue Mgn Beauger)
 Radio Power Mix (Gragramora)
 Zantray (Dame Marie)
 Radio Dame Marie FM (Dame Marie)
 Radio pirite (Anse D´ainault)
 Radio Mega FM (Beaumont)
 Radio Rebel (Anse D´ainault)
 Radio trompette Evangelique (Caracolie)
 Radio Makandal FM (Caracolie)

References 

Cities in Haiti
1756 establishments
18th-century establishments in Haiti
1750s establishments in North America
Alan can be any of the following:
Alan (name), the given name
Alan (crater), a crater on the Moon

People
People named just "Alan"
Alan I, Duke of Brittany, the Great
Alan II, Duke of Brittany
Alan III, Duke of Brittany
Alan IV, Duke of Brittany, aka Alan Fergant ("the Younger" in Breton language)
Alan, abbot of Tewkesbury
Alan of Lynn, a 15th-century monk

People with the given name
Alan Greenspan, American economist
Alan Gregov, Croatian basketball player 
Alan Hansen, former Liverpool F.C defender and Match of the Day pundit.
Alan Hunter, Actor and writer
Alan Iverson, Australian filmmaker
Alan Jones (Formula 1) - Formula One world champion
Alan Parsons, British musician
Alan Rickman, award-winning British stage and film actor.
Alan Shearer, Newcastle United's all-time top scorer
Alan Stivell, French harpist and singer.
Alan Sugar, Founder of Amstrad, and star of the UK version of The Apprentice 
Alan Tam, famous Canto-pop singer from Hong Kong.
Alan Dawazhouma, Tibetan-Chinese folk pop singer.
Alan Kuo, male singer who combinese elements of rock, pop, rap and techno
Alan Douglas Borges de Carvalho, footballer
The Tokaimura nuclear accident was a serious nuclear radiation accident in Japan. It took place at a uranium-reprocessing facility in Tokaimura, northeast of Tokyo, Japan, on 30 September 1999. The accident occurred in a very small fuel preparation plant operated by JCO.
 
The direct cause of the accident was workers putting uranyl nitrate solution containing about 16.6 kg of uranium, which exceeded the critical mass, into a precipitation tank. The tank was not designed to dissolve this type of solution and was not designed to prevent such accidents to happen. As a result, three workers were exposed to neutron radiation doses in excess of allowable limits. Two of these workers later died.

Many emergency workers and nearby residents were hospitalized and hundreds of thousands of others were forced to remain indoors for 24 hours.

After the accident 
The three workers who worked at the uranium-reprocessing facility were Hisashi Ouchi, Masato Shinohara, and Yutaka Yokokawa. Two of them died of radiation poisoning.  Hisashi Ouchi, aged 35, died 12 weeks after the accident. He had lost most of his skin, and was kept alive for 83 days, according to his parents and wife will.  Ouchi was closest to the tank when the accident occurred. He ended up as the first victim of this nuclear accident. Seven months after the accident, Masato Shinohara died, aged 40. 

Ouchi was reported to have received 17 sieverts (sv) of radiation, Shinohara 10 sv and Yokokawa 3 sv; 8 sieverts is considered a fatal dose, and 50 milli sieverts is the maximum limit of annual dose allowed for Japanese nuclear workers.

Another 83 workers were subjected to higher radiation than normal.

References

Nuclear accidents
1999 in Asia
1990s in Japan