cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Degory Priest ( 1579–1621)

The name of Digory Priest or Prust is common in Devon, Cornwall and London England.

Priest was a member of the Separatists church.  This religion was not allowed in England and many people moved to Leiden Netherlands  Priest was one of those families.

Priest was a hat-maker from London. There are many legal documents in Leiden which show that he was born in 1579. In 1611 Priest married a widow named Sarah Vincent.  Sarah was a sister of Mayflower passenger Isaac Allerton.  Priest's became a citizen of Leiden on November 16, 1615 with Isaac Allerton and Roger Wilson.

On June 28, 1617 Priest asked two men to sign a legal document that said that he had not hit John Cripps but only “touched his Jabot”.  This was the frill on the front of his shirt.

Leiden records show that Degory Priest was a witness to a statement signed on January 18, 1618.  The statement was  signed by Tailor Isaac Allerton.  It was about the cost of a crimson coat.

On April 9, 1619, Degory Priest and Samuel Lee signed a document for Nicholas Claverly, a Tobacco pipe maker.  This document was a promise for Claverly's good behavior.  Claverly had arrived in Leiden about 1615 and lived in a house owned by Degory Priest.

Records show that on May 3, 1619 Degory Priest was a witness to a document signed by Richard Tyrill.  Priest said that Nicholas Claverly was not connected with the murder of Tyrill’s brother John Tyrill.

On the Mayflower 
 
Priest came alone of the Mayflower. His family came over later in another ship.

Priest left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the Mayflower reached land at Cape Cod hook. They landed on November 21. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other.  Degory was one of the signers. The Mayflower was supposed to land in the Colony of Virginia, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.

William Bradford wrote that seven men died soon after the ship landed. “Digerie Preist” was among them.  Bradford said that all these died soon after their arrival in the general sickness. He added that Priest’s had his wife and children were sent for because she was Mr. Allerton's sister.

Degory Priest married Sarah Vincent on November 4, 1611. She was a widow. They had two daughters.  Their names were Marah and Sarah.  Sarah Priest married a second time. His was also a hat-maker from Leiden. Their burial places are unknown.

Priest died early in the first winter, on January 1, 1621 of the “general sickness”. He was 42 years of age. He was buried in an unmarked grave.  This was the custom that first winter of 1620–1621.  His name appears on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb, located on Cole's Hill in Plymouth.

References 

Mayflower passengers
1570s births
1621 deaths
Year of birth unknown
People buried in Cole's Hill
John Harron (March 31, 1903 – November 24, 1939) was an American actor. He was born in New York City. He died in Seattle, Washington from spinal meningitis when he was 36 years old. He appeared in 167 movies between 1918 and 1940.

Personal life
Harron married an actress called Betty Westmore in 1929. They had one child.

1903 births
1939 births
Actors from New York
American movie actors
Deaths from meningitis
Disease-related deaths in Washington (state)
Thomas Rogers(1572winter 1620/21) Rogers and his oldest son travelled on the Mayflower in 1620 and signed the Mayflower Compact.

Thomas Rogers was born near Watford, England.  He was the son of William and Elanor Rogers.<ref name="americanancestors.org">Pilgrim Village Family Sketch: Thomas Rogers (a collaboration between American Ancestors and New England Historic Genealogical Society)  [http://www.americanancestors.org/pilgrim-families-thomas-rogers/] </ref>

The family moved to Leiden Netherlands from England after 1613 because they were Separatists areligion which became illegal in England.

Rogers purchased a house and became a citizen of Leiden. He was a merchant of camlet, a luxury fabric made from silk and camel’s hair. The Rogers family were very poor.

 Mayflower voyage 
Rogers and his 18-year-old son, Joseph left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the Mayflower reached land at Cape Cod hook. They landed on November 21. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other.George Ernest Bowman,  The Mayflower Compact and its signers,  (Boston: Massachusetts Society of Mayflower Descendants, 1920). Photocopies of the 1622, 1646 and 1669 versions of the document pp. 7–19. Thomas Rogers signed the Mayflower Compact.

The Mayflower'' was supposed to land in the Colony of Virginia, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.

In Plymouth Colony 
Rogers and his wife had six children.  Theie names were Thomas, Richard and Joseph, John, Elizabeth and Margaret.  Thomas and Richard died young.  Joseph became a well known person in Plymouth Colony.

Rogers died in the winter of 1620/21. His son Joseph went to live with Governor Bradford and his family.  William Bradford wrote: “Thomas Rogers died in the first sickness, but his son Joseph is still living, and is married, and has six children.  The rest of Thomas Rogers (children) came over, and now are married, and have many children.” 

Rogers was buried in an unmarked grave as were most of the Mayflower passengers who died in the first winter. The name of Thomas Rogers is on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb on Cole's Hill.

References

1621 deaths
Mayflower passengers
Year of birth unknown
The Bridgestone Arena is a sports arena in Nashville, Tennessee. The arena opened on December 18, 1996, and is the current home to the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League (NHL).

The arena is formerly known as Nashville Arena, Gaylord Entertainment Center, and Sommet Center.

The arena was also home to the Nashville Kats of the Arena Football League from 1997 until 2001 when the franchise was sold and was moved to Georgia to become the Georgia Force. The team was reincarnated and played in the Gaylord Entertainment Center from 2005 to 2007.

Aside from sports, the arena has also hosted the CMA Awards and CMT Music Awards.

Bridgestone currently has naming rights for the arena. The arena currently seats 19,395 for basketball and 17,113 for ice hockey. It used to hold 17,298 from 1996 to 1999.

References

Other websites
Official website

Sports buildings in the United States
Nashville Predators
Buildings and structures in Tennessee
1996 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Tennessee
John Billington ( 1580September 30, 1630) and his family were passengers on the Mayflower in 1620.  He was one of the signers of the Mayflower Compact.  Billington was hanged in Plymouth Colony in 1630.

The Billington family was from England.  He had a wife, Elinor and two sons, John and Francis.

Mayflower Voyage 
  

Billington and his family left Plymouth England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the Mayflower saw land. They were supposed to land in the Colony of Virginia, but the ship was damaged so they landed at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.
They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other.  Billington was a signer to the document.

Life in Plymouth colony 
Shortly after they landed, Francis went exploring and discovered a large body of water that is now called Billington Sea. 
The family were Plymouth Colony's troublemakers. Billington's son, Francis, fired a musket on the Mayflower. In March 1621 Billington was punished because he did not to obey Myles Standish the military leader.  He would do this many times. In May 1621 John Billington (the younger) became lost in the woods for many days and was returned home by some Native Americans.  In 1625 Governor Bradford wrote a letter to Robert Cushman and said "Billington still says many things against you.  He is a bad man, and always will be". In 1636, wife was punished and made to sit in the stocks for saying bad things about John Doane.

Death of John Billington 
Billington was hanged for the murder of John Newcomen in 1630.  He was about 50 years old.  This was the first execution in Plymouth Colony. His burial place is unknown.

References 

1580s births
1630 deaths
Mayflower passengers
Annie is a 1982 movie based on the Broadway musical play of the same name and Harold Gray's 1924 comic strip characters and concepts. The movie stars Aileen Quinn as Annie, Albert Finney as Daddy Warbucks, Tim Curry, Bernadette Peters, and Carol Burnett. The movie received mixed reviews.

Release Dates 

Movies based on comic book characters
1982 movies
Movies based on plays
1980s family movies
1980s musical movies
American family movies
American musical movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by John Huston
Popeye is a 1980 musical movie based on the characters and concepts created in E. C. Segar's Thimble Theatre comic strip. The movie starred Robin Williams (his movie debut) as Popeye, Paul Dooley as Wimpy, Paul L. Smith as Bluto, Ray Walston as Poopdeck Pappy, and Shelley Duvall as Olive Oyl. It received mixed reviews.

Movies based on comic book characters
1980 movies
1980s musical movies
American family movies
American musical movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Robert Altman
Hassan (born in March 4, 625 CE died in March 9 or 30, 670 CE). was the son of Ali and his wife Fatimah After the death of his father he became the caliph of Muslims. He was also a member of Ahl al-Bayt. Hasan is also highly respected by the Sunni as the grandson of Muhammad.

References

625 births
670 deaths
Imams
Assassinated people
Thomas Tinker ( 1581–1620/21) and his wife and son were Separatists from the Netherlands who travelled on the Pilgrim Ship Mayflower in 1620.  Separatists were people who did not belong to the Church of England.<ref>[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Pilgrim 1911 Encyclopedia]</ref>Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 239

 Early life 
Most scholars believe that Tinker was born in 1581 in Norfolk England.  He moved to Leiden and became a citizen there in the early 1600s.  He married in 1609 and had one son.Eugene Aubrey Stratton, Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620–1691 (Salt Lake City:Ancestry Publishing 1986) p. 362

 On the Mayflower 
  
Tinker, his wife and son left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the Mayflower reached land at Cape Cod hook. They landed on November 21. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. The Mayflower'' was supposed to land in the Colony of Virginia, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.  Thomas Tinker was a signer to the "Mayflower Compact".

Death of Thomas Tinker and his family 
Bradford wrote they "died in the first sickness".  That was in December 1620 or January 1621. Thomas Tinker and his son was buried in Cole's Hill Burial Ground in Plymouth, with many passengers who died in the early days.  The place of Tinker's wife grave is unknown.

References

1621 deaths
Mayflower passengers
Year of birth unknown
A dog's coat is the hair covering its body. A dog can have a double coat that has short, soft hair underneath a layer of long, coarse hair, or a single coat that has only the long, coarse hair. A dog's coat may also be called hair or fur.

Four main coat attributes
Dog coats can come in many different colors, patterns, lengths, and textures.

Coat colors

Dog coats come in four main colors: black, brown, white, and red. The same main color can have many shades. These shades are sometimes common enough that they are given their own color names, such as gold, yellow, cream, blue, and grey.

There may be several of these colors on one dog.

Coat patterns

Dog coats can also have many different patterns based on spots, patches, and mixing colors.

Coat lengths and textures
 

A dog's coat can be long or short. For most dogs, their hair reaches one length and then stops growing, but there are some dogs whose hair will keep growing longer and longer.

Some breeds of dog do not grow hair on parts of their bodies. These dogs are called "hairless".  Examples of "hairless" dogs are the Xoloitzcuintli (Mexican Hairless Dog), the Peruvian Inca Orchid (Peruvian Hairless Dog) and the Chinese Crested.

Additional reading

Other websites

Dogs
Hair
The FMA IA-58 Pucará is an Argentine military aircraft. It is a twin-turboprops attack aircraft built in all-metal.

Operational history

Falklands War 
Argentina Air Force used the Pucarà for attacks against Port Stanley and the British Army and the Royal Navy. Several of them were shot down by Sea Harrier and British commandos.

Sri Lanka Civil War 
Sri Lanka used the Pucarà against the Tamils Tigers.

Users 
Argentina, Colombia, Sri Lanka, and Uruguay used this aircraft. Some are enough actives in Argentina in 2013. United Kingdom used one aircraft for trials, it was captured by British commandos.

References

Bibliography
 Frawley, Gerard, The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003 .  London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
 Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .
 Taylor, John WR, Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982–83. London : Jane's Yearbooks, 1982.

References 

Transport in Argentina
Military aircraft
1976 establishments in South America
20th-century establishments in Argentina
Orpheus is the god of music in Greek mythology. When he played his harp the world would sway to the music. He was the son of a Muse.

Orpheus was married to a dryad named Eurydice. While trying to get away from a satyr, she was bitten by a snake and went to Hades. Orpheus played sad music and the whole world cried with him. Orpheus decided to ride the ferry across the river Styx. He played his harp to make Cerberus fall asleep. He played his harp for Persephone. She said he could take Eurydice back to the upper world, if he didn't look back at Eurydice until they both got back up to the land of mortals. He did look back when he got to the upper world but his wife was not in the upper world yet so she went back to the realm of Hades forever. He was killed by Maenad.
Some more clarification on the Maenads: They were feral women who ritualistically ripped animals limb from limb, and they did so with Orpheus after trying to kill him with spears and rocks. They cast his head into the sea. It rolled along the waves, singing, "Eurydice, Eurydice". It approached Lesbos and landed there, just to be attacked further by a snake. 
Apollo cleared things up, and turned the Maenads into a grove of trees. 
(If you see a floating head in the sea with a snake and some trees, then you know what happened.)

Related pages 
Orphism

Greek gods and goddesses
Ludmilla Ivanovna Tourischeva is a Russian former gymnast.  She won nine Olympic medals for the Soviet Union. She also won the World Championships all-around gold in 1970 and 1974.

She was known for her calmness.  In the 1975 World Cup in London, the uneven bars broke and fell as she was landing.  She saluted the judges and left the floor without even turning to see the damage.  She won all gold medals for the Cup including the all-around medal. Her trainer Vladislav Rastorotsky said about her: "Ljudmila would fight to death in any situation".

Tourischeva was also known for her graciousness. At the 1976 Olympics, she walked around the podium to personally congratulate champion Nadia Comăneci.  Tourischeve shook Comăneci's hand before accepting her own medal.

In 1977, she married sprinter Valeriy Borzov.  He was a two-time Olympic champion in 1972. Tourischeva keeps involved in gymnastics as a coach and an international judge.

Ludmilla Tourischeva is 1 of only 2 women to win the grand slam of all-around titles: Olympics, World Championships, World Cup, and European Championships.  Yelena Shushunova is the other.

References

1952 births
Living people
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics

Soviet Olympic gold medalists
Soviet Olympic silver medalists
Russian gymnasts
World champions
In geology, permafrost is soil that stays at or below  for two or more years. It is also called cryotic soil.  Most permafrost is on land close to the North and South poles.  Other permafrost is found in high mountain areas.  When permafrost melts, carbon dioxide is released which can be bad for the environment.

References

Soil
Emily Rose Maier (born February 2, 1981) is an American actress. She acts mainly on television. She played Elena Fisher in the Uncharted video games. She plays multiple characters in the Syfy series Haven. Rose was born in Renton, Washington.

References

American television actors
1981 births
Living people
Actors from Washington
A monal is a bird of the genus Lophophorus of the pheasant family, Phasianidae. The type species of this genus is the Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus).

All the adult males have very atractive and shiny feathers of different metallic colors (colors appearing to be made of a metal). The females and the young males do not have feathers with many colors; they are reddish brown with some white parts.

Their diet consists of insects and plant parts such as roots, tubers, bulbs and seed.

They live in the rhododendron forests in the high altitudes of the Himalayas and of Sichuan (China).

Due to habitat destruction and hunting, they have already become quite rare and threatened in their existence.

There are three species and three subspecies within the genus Lophophorus:

 Himalayan monal Lophophorus impejanus
 Chinese monal Lophophorus lhuysii
 Sclater's monal Lophophorus sclateri
 L. sclateri arunachelensis
 L. sclateri orientalis
 L. sclateri sclateri

Gallery

References

Other websites

 ARKive - Species in the genus Lophophorus 
 Animal Diversity Web - Lophophorus: CLASSIFICATION
 Catalogue of Life - Taxonomic tree
 ITIS
 Tree of Life - Lophophorus

Birds of Pakistan
Birds of China
Galliformes
Sarah Clara Smith (1851–1947) was an American teacher and missionary from New York state. She started Smith Girls' School (now called Hokusei Gakuen Girls Junior High/High School ( Hokusei Gakuen Joshi Chugaku Koutou Gakkou) in 1887 in Sapporo, Japan.

Early life in Japan 
Smith came to Tokyo in 1880 with her missionary group, Association of Presbyterian Mission International. In 1883, she became sick from the weather, so she went north to Sapporo, Hokkaido. She became healthy again because the weather was like the weather in New York.

Smith Girls' School 

Smith wanted to start a Christian school in Sapporo because it was a new town. Sapporo didn't have many churches then. But her group didn't give her money, so she went to Hakodate. Hakodate was bigger than Sapporo. In 1886, she got an English teaching job at the Public Teacher’s College of Sapporo. The next year, she could start a Christian school by herself. It was called Smith Girls' School ( Sumisu Joshi Gakkou).

Farming and Lilacs 
In the Meiji Era (1868–1912), Hokkaido was a new land in Japan. Also the land was big, so there were many farms. Most schools were farming schools. Smith Girls' School had some farming and Christian education. In 1890, Smith introduced lilacs to Sapporo from the United States. Now, lilac is the official tree of Sapporo and the city has a lilac festival every year in downtown Odori Park.

References 

1851 births
1947 deaths
American teachers
Educators from New York
Missionaries
This page shows the standings and results for Group D of the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying tournament.

Key:
Teams highlighted in green qualified for the finals.

References

UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying
Gastroenterology is a special type of medicine.  It is about the digestive system. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are the focus.  The tract includes the organs from mouth to anus.

Physicians in this type of medicine are called gastroenterologists. 

Gastroenterology
The Great Observatories program is four large, powerful space-based telescopes.  They are a series of satellites placed by NASA.  Each Space observatory has been important to astronomy.

 The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) looks at visible light and near-ultraviolet.  It was launched in 1990. In 1997 ability to look at the near-infrared range was added.  In 2009 there was a mission to service Hubble. 

 The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) looks at gamma rays.  It also looks at some hard x-rays as well. It was launched in 1991.  It was deorbited in 2000.

 The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) looks at soft x-rays. It was launched in 1999.

 The Spitzer Space Telescope (SST) looks at the infrared spectrum. It was launched in 2003.

Space
Telescopes
Alberto Sordi (15 June 1920 – 24  February 2003) was an Italian actor, voice actor, singer, composer, comedian, director and screenwriter.

Sordi won seven David di Donatello awards.  It is Italy's most honorable movie award.  He also received a Golden Lion for lifetime achievement at the Venice Film Festival in 1995.  He also won a Golden Globe Award.

References

Other websites  

1920 births
2003 deaths
Actors from Rome
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Italy
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Italian movie actors
Italian movie directors
Italian screenwriters
Jessica Cauffiel (born March 30, 1976, Detroit) is an American actress and singer. She works in movies and television. She played Tatiana in the television series My Name Is Earl. She also played Margot in the comedy movie Legally Blonde.

References

Actors from Michigan
1976 births
Living people
Anne Marie Cancelmi (better known as Annie Parisse; born July 31) is an American television and movie actress. She also does stage plays. She played Alexandra Borgia in the television drama Law & Order.

Cancelmi was born in Anchorage, Alaska. Some sources say she was born in 1975, though others say 1976.

People from Anchorage, Alaska
American television actors
American movie actors
Living people
Actors from Alaska
1970s births
Tiffany Cobb (also known as Blu Cantrell; born March 16, 1976) is an American singer-songwriter and a musician who has carried several hit singles. She released a debut album, So Blu, near 2001 which was a hit. Other albums then followed. Cantrell was born in Charleston, West Virginia.

References

People from Charleston, West Virginia
Singers from West Virginia
Writers from West Virginia
R&B musicians
1976 births
Living people
Actors from West Virginia
Angela Yvonne Davis (born January 26, 1944 in Birmingham, Alabama) is an African American political activist and author. She first became famous because she was a prominent member of the Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA) and was involved in Black Power movements in the 1960s and 1970s. Since then she has become known for her work as a writer and speaker while teaching at the University of California. She has done research in the areas of feminism and critical theory and is a prison abolitionist.

Davis grew up in Alabama, then went to college at Brandeis University and University of California, San Diego. She was involved in activism from her youth. After becoming a Doctor of Philosophy in Germany, she returned to the US and began teaching as a professor. In 1969, she was fired from teaching for being a member of the Communist Party. A judge decided it was an illegal firing and the school eventually hired her back.

In 1970 she was put in prison by FBI agents. Some black revolutionaries tried to break their allies out of prison by kidnapping a white judge and some jurors in Marin County, but the police didn't let them get away and the revolutionaries and judge were shot to death. The FBI suspected that she bought the gun one of the revolutionaries used and decided to accuse her of the murder of the judge. In 1971 she appeared at the Marin County Superior Court and said, "I now declare publicly before the court, before the people of this country that I am innocent of all charges which have been leveled against me by the state of California." She was released from jail in 1972. Ronald Reagan said that she should never be allowed to teach at a California university. The English rock band The Rolling Stones recorded a song called "Sweet Black Angel" that was on their 1972 album Exile on Main St. and dedicated to Davis.

In the 1990s, she left the Communist Party and began to focus her activism on prisons. She gave a speech in 1997 called "The Prison Industrial Complex". In it she said "prisons are becoming an integral part of the US economy." She said that fear of young people of color was being exploited to create a fast-growing industry, the prison-industrial complex (PIC). She created a prison abolitionist group called Critical Resistance in the same year. She wants there to be no prisons or police because she believes that the US prison system is more like a new form of slavery than a criminal justice system.

Since she started focusing on prisons, she has also supported Democrats like Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, and Joe Biden in presidential elections.

Davis is Distinguished Professor Emerita at the University of California, Santa Cruz.

She was married to Hilton Braithwaite in the 1980s.

Notes

References 
 "Angela Davis, Sweetheart of the Far Left, Finds Her Mr. Right"  People, July 21, 1980.

1944 births
Living people
American political writers
American political activists
American communists
Bisexual people
LGBT African Americans
LGBT people from Alabama
LGBT writers
People acquitted of murder
Writers from Birmingham, Alabama
Connie Booth (born December 2, 1940, Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American actress, writer and psychotherapist. She has appeared on British and American television. She played Polly Sherman in the popular 1970s sitcom Fawlty Towers. Booth ended her acting career 1995. She began working as a psychotherapist in the late 1990s.

Booth married John Cleese in 1968. Their daughter, actress Cynthia Cleese, was born in 1971. The couple divorced in 1978. Booth has been married to critic John Lahr since 2000.

Other websites 

American television actors
American television writers
Actors from Indianapolis, Indiana
Writers from Indiana
1944 births
Living people
Little Iodine was a popular comic strip published in the United States on Sundays. It was created by Jimmy Hatlo. It was published from 1943 until 1985.

The story is about a girl called "Little Iodine". She first appeared in an earlier comic strip by Hatlo, called They'll Do It Every Time. She was the daughter of the strip's main character, Henry Tremblechin. She constantly annoyed her father with pranks and practical jokes. The character of Iodine became very popular, so Hatlo promoted the character into her own strip in 1943.

Iodine's antics were on the Sunday comics page for over forty years. It came before Dennis the Menace. From 1943 to 1963, Little Iodine was written and drawn by Hatlo.

Movie adaptations
A movie based on the comic strip was released in 1946. It was by Comet Productions. The 56-minute movie stars Jo Ann Marlowe as Little Iodine, Hobart Cavanaugh as her father Henry, and Irene Ryan as her mother Cora.
 
In the movie, Iodine thinks that her mother is having an affair with Professor Simkins (played by Leon Belasco). She tries one antic after another to break up the couple. Her efforts backfire when they cause conflict between her father and his employer, Mr. Bigdome (Emory Parnell).

The movie was planned to be released earlier than October 20, 1946 (its actual distribution date), but that date was delayed due to an epidemic of polio that prevented children across the United States from attending movies. The movie is believed to be lost.

References

Other websites
Don Markstein's Toonopedia entry

American comic strips
Movies based on comic book characters
American movies
1947 movies
Movies directed by William A. Seiter
English-language movies
Hassan Rouhani (, also transliterated Ruhani, Rohani, Rowhani; born Hassan Feridon  on 12 November 1948) is an Iranian politician, Mujtahid, lawyer, academic and diplomat, who was the President of Iran from 2013 until 2021. He has been a member of the Assembly of Experts since 1999, member of the Expediency Council since 1991, member of the Supreme National Security Council since 1989, and head of the Center for Strategic Research since 1992.

Rouhani has been also deputy speaker of the 4th and 5th terms of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majlis) and secretary of the Supreme National Security Council from 1989 to 2005. In the later capacity, he was also heading Iran's former nuclear negotiating team and was the country's top negotiator with the EU three – UK, France, and Germany – on Iran's nuclear program.

On 7 May 2013, Rouhani registered for the presidential election that was held on 14 June 2013. He said that, if elected, he will prepare a "civil rights charter", restore the economy and improve rocky relations with the West. As early vote counts began coming in, Rouhani took a large lead. He was elected as President of Iran on 15 June, defeating Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf. He took office on 3 August 2013.

References

1948 births
Living people
Iranian clerics
Iranian Muslims
Presidents of Iran
A cargo aircraft is an aircraft that can carry cargo. In some cases, it may also carry passengers.

Civilian aircraft 

Civilian cargo aircraft carry cargo or mail.  This is generally a kind of airliner, designed for passengers but modified for cargo. Some civilians cargo aircraft are specially equipped for carrying oversized cargo  such as aircraft wings, tank-trucks, rocket pieces, or sometimes military heavy trucks and tanks.

Examples 
 Airbus A300-600ST,
 Antonov An-225,
 Boeing 747LCF,

Military aircraft 

Military transport aircraft can carry cargo and passengers.  Passengers are usually troops, including paratroopers.  The seats are usually simple.  These aircraft typically have a sloping loading door at the rear of the fuselage for quick loading and unloading.  Some use turbojets, others use turboprop engines.

Examples 
 Airbus A400M,
 Antonov An-26,
 Boeing C-17 Globemaster III,
 Casa C-295, 
 Douglas C-47 Skytrain,
 Lockheed C-5 Galaxy,
 Short 330UTT, 
 Transall C.160.

Bibliography 
 Frawley, Gerard, The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003 .  London : Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
 Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  . 
 Kaminsky, Tom, The United States Military Aviation Directory, London : Airtime Publishing, 2000. .
 Wilson, Stuart, Airliners of the world,  London: Aerospace Publication, 1999. .

References 

Aircraft
The clipboard is the part of a computer's memory that can be used to temporarily store something when users copy. Users can paste the copied data to another place. It is used in copy and paste operations in computing.

Computers
Liquor stores are retail shops which sell prepackaged alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, and spirits. Each country had different laws and regulations on liquor stores.

Liquor stores, like grocery stores, are essential businesses, meaning that they remained open during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reason they are essential businesses is because people who have alcohol use disorder consume alcohol to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

References 

Alcoholic drink
Shops
Hoag's object is a  ring galaxy.   The galaxy is named after Arthur Allen Hoag who discovered it in 1950. He identified it as either a planetary nebula or an unusual galaxy. The object has about eight billion stars, and is ~600 million light-years away in the constellation Serpens.

Characteristics
A nearly perfect ring of young hot blue stars circles the older yellow nucleus of this ring galaxy. The inner core of the galaxy is about   (), while the surrounding ring has an inner 28″ diameter of  () and an outer 45″ diameter of  (), which is slightly larger than the Milky Way Galaxy. The gap separating the two stellar populations may contain some star clusters that are almost too faint to see.

As rare as this type of galaxy is, another more distant,reddish (and unnamed) ring galaxy can be seen through Hoag's object, between the nucleus and the outer ring of the galaxy, at roughly the one o'clock position in the picture to the right.

History and formation
Art Hoag suggested the visible ring was a product of gravitational lensing. This idea was later discarded: the nucleus and the ring have the same redshift, and  the ring shows knotty structure which would not be visible with gravitational lensing.

Many of the details of the galaxy remain a mystery, especially how it formed. "Classic" ring galaxies are usually formed by the collision of a small galaxy with a larger disk-shaped galaxy.  This collision produces a density wave in the disk which leads to a characteristic ring-like appearance. Such an event, 2–3 billion years in the past, may have formed polar-ring galaxies. However, there is no sign of any second galaxy which would have acted as the "bullet", and the core of Hoag's object has a very low velocity relative to the ring, making the typical formation hypothesis unlikely.

Noah Brosch suggested that Hoag's object might be a product of an extreme "bar instability" which occurred a few billion years ago in a barred spiral galaxy. Schweizer et al claims that this is unlikely because the nucleus of the object is spheroidal, whereas the nucleus of a barred spiral galaxy is disc-shaped. However, evidence is somewhat thin for this dispute to be settled. A few other galaxies share the characteristics of Hoag's object, including the bright detached ring of stars, but their centers are elongated or barred, and they may exhibit some spiral structure  While none match Hoag's object in symmetry, this handful of galaxies are known to some as Hoag-type galaxies.

References 

Galaxies
Ring galaxies
William White (b. unknown – February 1621) White was a Mayflower passenger who settled in Plymouth Colony in 1620 and signed the Mayflower Compact. He was born in England and died in the winter of 1621, in Plymouth Colony.

The Mayflower Voyage 

White married Susanna in about 1615, and their son, Resolved, was born soon after. They became passengers on the Mayflower which left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. They also took with them two servants, William Holbeck and Edward Thompson. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the Mayflower spotted land. The Mayflower was supposed to land in the Colony of Virginia, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at what is now known as Provincetown Harbor. They landed on November 21. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other.

Life in Plymouth 
White's second son, Peregrine White, was born on the Mayflower, while it was anchored at Cape Cod. He was the first English child born in Plymouth Colony. White and his servants, Holbeck and Thompson died soon after landing, in early 1621.

White's family 
White's widow, Susanna, married Edward Winslow in May 1621, which made her the first Plymouth Colony bride. Winslow had also been a Mayflower passenger and later became the second governor of Plymouth Colony. Together they had five children. She and Winslow are buried in the Winslow Cemetery.

Resolved White married Judith Vassall, the daughter of William Vassall.
Peregrine White married Sarah Bassett, daughter of William Bassett.

References

Mayflower passengers
1621 deaths
16th-century births
Year of birth unknown
Haredi ( ) is the most conservative form of Orthodox Judaism and is known as Ultra-Orthodox Judaism

Haredi Judaism consists of many spiritual and cultural groups, and is divided into Hasidic sects with streams from Eastern Europe and Sephardic Haredim. The two are different in many aspects, including their beliefs, lifestyles, religious practice and philosophy, and isolation from the general culture where they live.

Most Haredi Jews currently live in Israel, North America and Western Europe. Their population is growing very fast due to a high birth rate. It doubles every 12 to 20 years. 

The estimates of the number of Haredim in the entire world are difficult to measure, because the definition of the word may or may not apply to some people. In addition there has been a lack of data collection and rapid change over time. One newspaper article estimated there were approximately 1.3 million Haredi Jews as of 2011.

The Me'a She'arim neighbourhood in Jerusalem is mainly populated by Haredi Jews.

References

Other websites
Haredi and technology
Hasidic and Haredi Jewish population growth 
Map of the main Haredi Communities in Jerusalem 
Dei'ah Vedibur – Online Haredi newsweekly

Jewish denominations
Roger Corman (born April 5, 1926) is an American movie director, producer, and actor. He made dozens of low-budget B-movies such as Swamp Women (1955), The Little Shop of Horrors (1960), and The Saga of the Viking Women and Their Voyage to the Waters of the Great Sea Serpent.  

He is best known for six movies based on the short stories of Edgar Allan Poe that include House of Usher (1960),  The Pit and the Pendulum (1961), and The Masque of the Red Death (1964).

1926 births
American movie directors
Living people
Uluburun is a sunken shipwreck that dates to the late 14th century BC. It was found in 1982 off the coast of south-western Turkey. It was found by chance by a scuba diver. The ship was 20 meters long and could carry up to 20 tons. Uluburun is the name of the cape where it was found nearby Kaş.

Ships
Turkey
The Illinois Executive Mansion is the official residence of the Governor of Illinois. It is at 410 E. Jackson Street in Springfield, Illinois and is open to tours on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday mornings, free of charge. The Georgian style Mansion was designed by Chicago architect John M. Van Osdel.  The Mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

The 16-room manor was completed in 1855 and was first occupied by governor Joel Aldrich Matteson, who held the official grand opening on January 10, 1856. It is the oldest historic residence in the state of Illinois and one of the three oldest continuously-occupied governor's mansions in the United States.   In 2011, a multimillion dollar renovation was planned because the last repairs to the mansion were in 1971.

References

Other websites
Illinois Executive Mansion Official Site 
Information about tours and photos 

Buildings and structures in Springfield, Illinois
National Register of Historic Places
 
Houses in the United States
1855 establishments in Illinois
Illinois
Lancaster University is a British university in Lancaster, Lancashire, England. It consistently rated among the top universities in the United Kingdom for research and teaching. It is ranked in the top one percent of universities in the world. All students are a member of a college. There are eight undergraduate colleges and a ninth college for postgraduates.

Universities in England
The Musar movement is a Jewish ethical, educational and cultural movement. It developed in the 19th century in Eastern Europe, particularly among Orthodox Lithuanian Jews.

The Hebrew term Musar (), is from the book of Proverbs 1:2. It means moral conduct, instruction or discipline. The movement made important contributions to Jewish ethics and Musar literature.

Judaism
History of Lithuania
Carter Hutton (born December 19, 1985, in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian ice hockey goaltender that is currently signed to the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League.

Before he played in the AHL and NHL, Hutton played 4 seasons in the University of Massachusetts Lowell with the River Hawks. He has also played in the AHL with the Adirondack Phantoms for 4 games and the Worcester Sharks for 22 games.

On August 1, 2011, the Rockford IceHogs signed Hutton as an unrestricted free agent. He was called up by the Blackhawks to replace Ray Emery who was out with an illness and played his first game in the NHL on March 26, 2012. On July 5, 2013, Hutton signed a one-year, two-way contract worth $550,000 with the Nashville Predators.

References

Other websites

Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Nashville Predators players
People from Thunder Bay
1985 births
Living people
American Hockey League players
ECHL players
Ketuvim (in Biblical Hebrew:  "writings") is the third and final section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), after Torah (instruction) and Nevi'im (prophets). It includes: 

Tehillim – Psalms

Mishlei – Proverbs

Iyyov – Job

Shir Hashirim – Song of Songs

Rut – Ruth

Eikha – Lamentations

Kohelet – Ecclesiastes

Ester – Esther

Daniyel – Daniel

Ezra-Nechemya – Ezra-Nehemiah

Divrei Hayamim - Chronicles I and II

Other websites
David Betesh and the Sephardic Pizmonim Project - Syrian melodies (all books)
Leining Master (Ashkenazi melodies for five megillot).
"Potpourri for Purim"  Melodies for Megillat Ester in several traditions

Judaism
Bible
The crest, in some cases called a crown, of a bird, is a group of feathers that some species of birds have on top of the head. The feathers of these crests can move up and down or be permanently up, depending of the species. For example, the crests of cockatoos and the hoopoe could be up or down but the feathers in the crest of the grey crowned crane are always up.

Crests on birds are generally used for display purposes. Birds with crests often use them to communicate with others and as a part of their courtship. They also tend to display their crests when they are frightened or ready to fight because the birds may appear larger than they really are.

Cockatoos and their smaller cousins, cockatiels, are part of the Cacatuidae family of parrots found in Australia, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Philippines, and are probably the most recognizable birds to feature crests.  Cockatoos and cockatiels possess crests which may be raised or lowered at will. Their crests are used to communicate with fellow members of their species, or as a form of defense to frighten away other species that approach too closely, making the bird appear larger when the crest is suddenly and unexpectedly raised.

Gallery of birds with crest

Related pages
 Feather

References

Animal anatomy
Birds
James Eubert Holshouser, Jr. (October 8, 1934 – June 17, 2013) was the Governor of the state of North Carolina from 1973 to 1977 for the Republican.

Holshouser was born on October 8, 1934 in Boone, North Carolina. He studied at Davidson College. Holshouser  was married to Patricia Ann Hollingsworth  until his death in 2013. They had no children. Holshouser died on June 17, 2013 in Pinehurst, North Carolina, aged 78.

References

Other websites
Biographical Timeline 
Oral History Interviews with James E. Holshouser Jr. , , ,  from Oral Histories of the American South

1934 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Disease-related deaths in North Carolina
Governors of North Carolina
US Republican Party politicians
Peride Celal Yönsel (June 10, 1916 – June 15, 2013), commonly known as Peride Celal or Peride Celâl was a Turkish novelist and story-writer.

Celal was born in İstanbul, Ottoman Empire on June 10, 1916. She completed her high school education in Samsun and at the French curriculum Lycée Saint Pulchérie in İstanbul. Celal spent most of her childhood in Anatolia. She had one daughter, Zeynep Ergun.

Peride Celal died on June 15, 2013, but it was announced two days later by her family.

In 1977, she was honored for her novel Üç Yirmi Dört Saat with the Turkish Sedat Simavi Literature Award along with Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca. The 1991 Orhan Kemal Novel Prize was bestowed on Peride Celal for her novel Kurtlar.

In 1996, Selim İleri published a book titled Present to Peride Celal (Peride Celal’e Armağan) edited by 19 Turkish authors.

References

Other websites

1916 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Novelists
Turkish poets
Writers from Istanbul
Monster on the Campus is 1958 sci fi horror movie. It was directed by Jack Arnold. The  screenplay was written by David Duncan. The story is about a professor (Arthur Franz) who terrorizes a college campus when he is turned into a Neanderthal monster after coming into contact with the irradiated blood of a coelacanth. Troy Donahue appears as college student Jimmy Flanders. Nancy Walters plays his girlfriend.

Other websites
 
 

1958 movies
1950s science fiction movies
1950s horror movies
American science fiction movies
American horror movies
Mad scientist movies
Monster movies
English-language movies
Jacques Dominique Wilkins (born January 12, 1960) is an American former basketball player. He played for the Boston Celtics and Atlanta Hawks in the NBA. Wilkins was born in Paris, France. He was raised in North Carolina.

References

Sportspeople from North Carolina
American basketball players
1960 births
Living people
Boston Celtics players
Atlanta Hawks players
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
The Monolith Monsters is a 1957 sci fi horror movie.  It was directed by John Sherwood and stars Grant Williams and Lola Albright.  It was based on a short story by Jack Arnold and Robert M. Fresco. Fresco and Norman Jolley wrote the screenplay. Troy Donahue and The Donna Reed Show regular Paul Petersen have uncredited roles.

Story
A meteor crashes near the desert town of San Angelo. Fragments are scattered everywhere. They grow into skyscraper-sized monoliths. These monsters fall and shatter into thousands of pieces that grow into monoliths themselves. People are crushed or turned into statues.

Other websites

 
Movie review at Rotten Tomatoes
Review of The Monolith Monsters

1957 horror movies
1950s science fiction movies
American science fiction horror movies
American monster movies
English-language movies
Theory of the Earth was a publication by James Hutton which laid the foundations for geology. In it he showed that the Earth is the product of natural forces. What could be seen happening today, over long periods of time, could produce what we see in the rocks. This idea, uniformitarianism, was a major step in the History of the geologic time scale. It was used by Charles Lyell in his work, and Lyell's textbook was an important influence on Charles Darwin.

Hutton recognized that rocks record the evidence of the past action of processes which still operate today. He also anticipated natural selection, as follows:

"Those which depart most from the best adapted constitution, will be the most liable to perish, while, on the other hand, those organised bodies, which most approach to the best constitution for the present circumstances, will be best adapted to continue, in preserving themselves and multiplying the individuals of their race".

Hutton's prose hindered his theories.  John Playfair in 1802 restated of Huttton's geological ideas in clearer English. However, he left out Hutton's thoughts on evolution. Charles Lyell in the 1830s popularised the idea of an infinitely repeating cycle (of the erosion of rocks and the building up of sediment). Lyell believed in gradual change, and thought even Hutton gave too much credit to catastrophic changes.

Hutton's work was published in different forms and stages:
1788. Theory of the Earth; or an investigation of the laws observable in the composition, dissolution, and restoration of land upon the Globe. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. 1, Part 2, pp. 209–304.
1795. Theory of the Earth; with proofs and illustrations. 2 vols, Edinburgh: Creech. 
1899. Theory of the Earth; with proofs and illustrations, vol III. Edited by Sir Archibald Geikie. Geological Society, Burlington House, London.

References 

Science books
Geology
1780s books