cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Melanie Griffith (born August 9, 1957) is an American actress. She is the daughter of Tippi Hedren. She has been in many motion pictures. She is an Academy Award nominee and Golden Globe winner for her performance in the 1988 movie Working Girl.

Early life
She graduated from Hollywood Professional School when she was 16 years old.

Griffith began work at nine months old in a commercial.  In Night Moves she did racy nude scenes at age 17.

Personal life

At age 14, Griffith began dating 22-year old actor Don Johnson.  He co-starred with her mother in The Harrad Experiment. Griffith was an extra. They had a six-month marriage in 1976. Tatum O'Neal said in her 2004 autobiography that around that time, she (then 12) and Griffith (then 18) were in an opium-fueled orgy in a Paris hotel room.

In September 1981, Griffith married Steven Bauer. He was her co-star in the TV movie She's in the Army Now. They have a son, Alexander, born on August 22, 1985. The couple divorced in 1987. Griffith later said she had problems with cocaine and liquor after her divorce from Bauer. "What I did was drink myself to sleep at night," she said. "If I wasn't with someone, I was an unhappy girl."

She checked into rehab in 1988. During this time, she got back together with Johnson, became sober and pregnant. They remarried in June 1989. Their daughter, Dakota Johnson, was born on October 4, 1989. They separated in June 1994. They divorced in 1996.

Griffith and Antonio Banderas began a relationship in May 1995 when they began filming Two Much. The couple has been married since May 14, 1996. Their daughter, Stella del Carmen Banderas Griffith, was born on September 24, 1996. There are reports of trouble in the marriage due to Antonio's closeness to an Indian Actress Mallika Sherawat. In June 2014, Griffith and Banderas stated that they are to divorce. The divorce was finalized in 2015.

Her father, Peter Griffith, died at age 67 on May 14, 2001.

In 1988, Griffith sought treatment for addiction to painkillers and alcohol after the filming of Working Girl. She went into rehab in 2000 for a painkiller addiction. She returned to rehab in August 2009 for substance abuse problems. She left three months later and underwent surgery for skin cancer in December 2009.

Honors
 Named "Star of Tomorrow" by the Motion Picture Booker's Club (1984)
 Taormina International Film Festival — Diamond Award (2000)
 Cannes Film Festival — Lifetime Achievement Award (2001)

Filmography

References

Other websites

 

Actors from New York City
American child actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Skin cancer survivors
1957 births
Living people
American bloggers
N.W.A (Niggaz Wit Attitudes also Niggaz With Attitude) was an American rap group from Compton, California, and its members were Eazy-E, DJ Yella, MC Ren, Ice Cube and Dr. Dre. It was first managed by Jerry Heller.

The rap group started in 1986 and lasted until 1991. The group originated gangsta rap and had lyrics unique to gangsta rap that were very explicit, violent, misogynist, sexist, and racist which made them controversial. Their controversies included being banned from many American radio stations. One of their most controversial songs was "Fuck tha Police", which expressed anger, violence and racism towards police officers. Many people believed that N.W.A glamorized gang violence, street thugs and the violent lifestyle among many people in Compton.

Death of Eazy-E 
In 1994, Eazy-E believed he had asthma, until he learned he had HIV/AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), which led to his death at age of 30 on 26 March 1995.The event would be featured in the 2015 film Straight Outta Compton, the title of one of the rap group’s songs.

Discography
They made 2 albums and 1 EP:

Albums
 Straight Outta Compton (1988)
 Niggaz4Life (1991)

EP's 
 100 Miles and Runnin' (1990)

Filmography
The film Straight Outta Compton details the formation, notable actions, and disbandment of N.W.A.

References

1986 establishments in the United States
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
1991 disestablishments in the United States
African-American musical groups
American rap music groups
Musical groups disestablished in 1991
Musical groups established in 1986
Musical groups from Los Angeles
People from Compton, California
1990s disestablishments in California
The Philip K. Dick Award is a science fiction award. It is named after science fiction and fantasy writer Philip K. Dick.  It has been awarded since 1983. Dick died in 1982. The prize is given to the best original paperback published each year in the US. It is given at the Norwescon science fiction convention every year. The Philadelphia Science Fiction Society supports the award. The Philip K. Dick Trust has supported the award since 2005. Books that have won the award have Best Original SF Paperback printed on their covers. 

Thomas Disch started this award with help from David G. Hartwell, Paul S. Williams, and Charles N. Brown.  David G. Hartwell and Gordon Van Gelder manage the award now. Some other people who have been in charge of the award include Algis Budrys and David Alexander Smith.

Winners and candidates of the Philip K. Dick Award
Winning authors are listed in bold.
Authors of books that were given special notice or citations are listed in italics. The year in the table below tells the year the book was published. The award was given the next year.

References

Other websites
 The official award homepage
 List of the most honored Philip K. Dick Award nominees
 List of all winning and nominated novels

Literary awards
Science fiction awards
Lists of books
Rincah, is a small island near Komodo island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The island is famous for giant lizards called Komodo dragons. Rincah also has many other animals such as wild pigs, buffalos, and birds. The island may also be called Rinca and Rindja.

Rincah is less popular than Komodo Island, so it is an excellent place to see the Komodo Dragon in nature with fewer people around. Day trips can be arranged from Labuanbajo on Flores by small boat at the park headquarters.

Related pages
 Komodo National Park

Islands of Indonesia
Diane Keaton (born Diane Hall, January 5, 1946) is an American movie actress, director, producer, and screenwriter.

Early life
Keaton was born on January 5, 1946 in Los Angeles, California. Her mother, Dorothy Deanne (née Keaton; 1921–2008), was a homemaker and amateur photographer; her father, John Newton Ignatius "Jack" Hall (1921–1990), was a real estate broker and civil engineer. Her father, from Nebraska, came from an Irish-American Catholic background, and her mother, originally from Kansas, came from a Methodist family, and had English, German, and more distant Austrian, ancestry. Keaton was raised a Free Methodist by her mother. Her mother won the "Mrs. Los Angeles" pageant for homemakers; Keaton has said that the theatricality of the event inspired her first impulse to be an actress, and led to her wanting to work on stage. She has also credited Katharine Hepburn, whom she admires for playing strong and independent women, as one of her inspirations.

Personal life
Keaton had bulimia nervosa in the early 1970s. She has never married. She has two adopted children: a daughter Dexter Keaton (born 1995) and a son Duke Keaton (born 2000).

She starred in Annie Hall, Looking for Mr. Goodbar, Manhattan Murder Mystery, Marvin's Room, Baby Boom, Father of the Bride, Father of the Bride Part II, The First Wives Club and Something's Gotta Give.

References

Other websites

Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
Movie directors from California
Movie producers from California
1946 births
Living people
American bloggers
Manticores (from Greek martikhoras, meaning man-eater) were creatures in Greek mythology. They had the body of a lion, a human head, and three rows of teeth similar to sharks. Although it changes from story to story, they also often had the tail of a dragon or a scorpion. Sometimes they could shoot poisonous spines from their tails. When early Greeks noticed that someone had gone missing, some said this as proof that manticores were real.

Mythology
Typhon (Greek Τυφῶν), also Typhoeus, Typhaon, and Typhos, was the final son of Gaia in Greek mythology. He attempted to destroy Zeus after Zeus imprisoned the Titans. Zeus won and sent Typhon to be trapped under Mount Etna. Typhon was the father of the Nemean lion, Cerberus, and the Gorgons. He was married to Echidna. Meanwhile, all of the Greek gods (except for Hermes and Zeus) had fled to Egypt. In Egypt, many of the gods made themselves turn into animals to hide fromTyphon. They reproduced, and the Egyptian gods and goddesses were born.

Apperance

Typhon was a giant that was so tall that his head touched the stars. His torso was that of a man, but his legs were coils of vipers that would hiss and attack as he moved. His main head had on it 100 snakeheads who would make different sounds of animals. His eyes were glowing red and would terrify everyone who looked upon them, and he had what was called a savage jaw which would breathe fire. His body had hundreds of different wings on it and his hands were made up of 100 snake coils just like his legs.

References
<a href="https://greekgodsandgoddesses.net/gods/typhon/">Typhon: https://greekgodsandgoddesses.net</a> - Greek Gods & Goddesses, February 7, 2017

Greek mythology
Titans
Varanidae is the family of monitor lizards. The family is a group of carnivorous lizards. It includes the largest living lizard, the Komodo dragon, and the crocodile monitor. Varanidae contains the living genus Varanus and some extinct groups. Their closest living relatives are the anguid and helodermatid lizards.

References

Monitor lizards
An Electromagnetic Pulse, or EMP, is a burst of electromagnetic radiation (light, magnetism, electricity), and is caused by a huge release of energy. A "common" cause for an electromagnetic pulse is a nuclear explosion. A scientist named Enrique Fermi predicted that electromagnetic pulses would result from a nuclear weapon being launched. An EMP can damage electronic recording equipment and shut off digital clocks, regardless of their electronic shielding.

Further reading 
  21st Century Complete Guide to Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack Threats, Report of the Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic ... High-Altitude Nuclear Weapon EMP Attacks (CD-ROM)
  Threat posed by electromagnetic pulse (EMP) to U.S. military systems and civil infrastructure: Hearing before the Military Research and Development Subcommittee ... first session, hearing held July 16, 1997 (Unknown Binding)
  Electromagnetic Pulse Radiation and Protective Techniques
  Report of the Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack

Other websites
Business Insider: Gauging The Threat Of An Electro-Magnetic Pulse Attack In The US
 GlobalSecurity.org – Electromagnetic Pulse: From chaos to a manageable solution
 Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) and Tempest Protection for Facilities – U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 EMP data from Starfish nuclear test measured by Richard Wakefield of LANL, and review of evidence pertaining to the effects 1,300 km away in Hawaii, also review of Russian EMP tests of 1962
 Ray, James F. (2008). FULL THREAT. Baltimore: Publish America. 
 Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding HEMP
 MIL-STD-188-125-1 
 Electromagnetic Pulse Risks & Terrorism
 How E-Bombs Work
 Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack
 NEMP and Nuclear plant 

Nuclear weapons
Honey is a sweet, edible fluid produced by bees.

Movies 
There are two movies with this name in English

 Honey (2010 movie), also called Bal, which won the 2010 Berlinale Golden Bear as Best Film
 Honey (2003 movie), starring Jessica Alba
Huntingdon College, founded in 1854, is a liberal arts college in Montgomery, Alabama, United States. It is known for its business and science programs. The college has recently made a football team and marching band.

History 

Huntingdon College was first started on February 2, 1854, as "Tuskegee Female College". A decision was made in the late 19th century to move the campus to a larger city. The college, renamed the "Woman's College of Alabama" moved in 1910 to a 58 acre section of Montgomery. Several new buildings were built for the "Gothic" style of the main college building, Flowers Memorial Hall.

The college admitted its first male student in 1934 and changed its name the next year to Huntingdon College in honor of Selina, Countess of Huntingdon, a person who supported Methodism

Rankings
Huntingdon is ranked a fourth school by U.S. News and World Report. Huntingdon College is also ranked by the Princeton Review as one of the best liberal arts colleges in the Southeast.

References

Further reading

Other websites 

Huntingdon College official site

Colleges and universities in Alabama
Montgomery, Alabama
1854 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in Alabama
Ballistics is a science about the motion of projectiles (flying objects), mainly about bullets which are fired from guns.  This science shows us the path and behavior of projectiles.  Gun ballistics may be divided into the following  four categories.
 

 Internal ballistics is about the motion of projectile inside barrel ( tube part of gun).  This motion depends on the pressure of gas, which come into being by burning gunpowder.  Pressure depends on (is connected) amount of gunpowder in bullet, type of gunpowder, size of pieces of gunpowder, free space behind a bullet and outside temperature.  This motion also depends on size and weight of bullet.  The most important number from internal ballistics for performance is a muzzle velocity (Projectile speed from the front edge of barrel).
 Transition ballistics is a science about behavior and changes in the nearest distance from the barrel. It study effect of gases going from a barrel behind a bullet, which are faster than bullet. These gases can negatively (badly) effect ballistic path.
 External ballistics studies the trajectory (path) of a bullet outside the barrel. This trajectory depends on three ballistic conditions. It is a beginning speed, angle of fire and ballistic coefficient ( number, which characterize influence of air). Trajectory of a projectile is also influenced by (depends on) resistance of air, rotation of bullet, density and pressure of air and size and orientation of wind. For long-distanced missiles are also important changes in magnetic field of the Earth.
 Terminal ballistics is about what happens when the bullet hits something.

References

Physics
Mechanics
Maserati is an Italian luxury car making company. It began working with the company known as Ferrari, but recently changed to a group that includes Alfa Romeo. The Maserati brothers were named Alfieri, Bindo, Carlo, Ettore, and Ernesto. Alfieri initially raced with cars from a company called Diatto, but in 1926 when they stopped being produced, Alfieri and his brothers created a company called Maserati. One of the first cars that they made (driven by Alfieri) won the 1926 Targa Florio. Alfieri died in 1932, but the three other brothers continued making the cars. Their trident logo was probably created by an artist named Mario.

Maserati also ran a Formula One racing team between 1950 and 1957, employing numerous drivers, including the five-time drivers' champion Juan Manuel Fangio.

Other websites
 
Maserati Specialist

Italian automobile companies
1926 establishments in Italy
Millennials (also known as Generation Y) are typically defined as the generation of people born between 1981 to 1996 (according to some sources). A number of other references and sources say Millennials have birth dates January 1980–December 1995.  

People in this generation are sometimes called Echo Boomers because of the high birth rate during this period. The high birth rate almost matches that of the Baby Boom period after World War II. 

Some of the famous celebrities who are from Generation Y include Harry Styles, Katy Perry, Britney Spears, Natasha Bedingfield, Christina Ricci, Anna Chlumsky, Beverley Mitchell, Kim Kardashian, Lady Gaga, Kate Bosworth, Justin Bieber, Mandy Moore, Miley Cyrus, Mara Wilson, Colbie Caillat, Dua Lipa and Avril Lavigne.

References

Cultural anthropology
Hornblende is a complex series of silicate minerals.

Hornblende is not a recognized mineral in its own right, but the name is used as a general or field term, to refer to a dark amphibole.

It is an isomorphous mixture of three molecules; a calcium-iron-magnesium silicate, an aluminium-iron-magnesium silicate, and an iron-magnesium silicate.

Hornblende has a hardness of 5–6, a specific gravity of 2.9–3.4 and is typically an opaque green, greenish-brown, brown or black color. It is most often confused with the minerals augite and biotite mica, both of which are black and can be found in granite.

Occurrence
Hornblende is a common constituent of many igneous and metamorphic rocks such as granite, diorite, gabbro, basalt, andesite, gneiss, and schist. It is the principal mineral of amphibolites.

Very dark brown to black hornblendes that contain titanium may be called basaltic hornblende, from the fact that they are usually a constituent of basalt and related rocks.

Etymology
The word hornblende is derived from the German horn and blenden, to 'blind' or 'dazzle'. The term blende is often used to refer to a brilliant non-metallic luster, for example, zincblende and pitchblende, the ore of uranium.

Related pages
List of minerals

References

 Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, p 416-7, 
Mindat retrieved 06/21/05
Scandinavian mineral gallery  retrieved 06/21/05
Table Info retrieved 2/27/07

Minerals

de:Amphibolgruppe#Calcium-Amphibole
Particles which go near the speed of light are called ultrarelativistic.

The ultrarelativistic limit is the maximum velocity that a particle can move at. Albert Einstein found the equation for energy: E=mc². This means that energy is equal to a certain amount of mass. However, this is a simplified version of his equation. The longer version of his equation is E2=m2c4+p2c2. (Mathematically, if you ignore the p2c2 and take the square root of the equation, you get E=mc2). p2c2 refers to the velocity of a particle multiplied by a very large number. 

Einstein then went on to show that a particle can never achieve the speed of light, because you get a divide by zero error from the equation for kinetic energy, .
Look at the denominator (bottom) of the equation, . "v" refers to the velocity of the particle. If its velocity reaches the speed of light (which is "c" in this equation),  will equal one, and since that would leave one minus one in the denominator, there would be a divide by zero error.

Particles which go below the speed of light (all particles which have mass) are called tardyons. Theoretical particles which go above the speed of light are called tachyons.
Relativity
Atmospheric circulation is a large-scale movement of masses of air. The origin of these processes is the sun's radiation. The sun waves radiate the short-wave radiation. The earth absorbs only a part of this energy. The other part is radiated back to the atmosphere and to the universe. The back radiation is long-waved. The thermal energy is distributed thanks to the circulation of the air on the surface of the earth.

The demonstration of circulation varies from year to year, but the basic climatologic structure is almost constant. We recognize 3 cells: the Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell and the Polar cell. The movement of air masses is influenced by coriolis force. It means that the air diverts to the west.

Hadley cell 
The earth and ocean are intensively radiated in the equatorial areas. The hot and usually moist air rises. It is called convection. This process creates a low pressure area along the equator. The area is also called the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The hot air goes to both south and north and gets colder. When the air is cold enough, it goes down to the surface again. This creates deserts and semi-deserts of the subtropics.  Reaching latitude 30 degrees, the masses of air return to the rainy equator.

Polar cell
The air on 60 degrees of latitude is colder and drier than the air on the equator. On the other hand, the rising movements are still possible. The character of processes is similar to the Hadley cell. The warmer air goes up, and falls down on the poles. This air comes back to the equator.

Ferrell cell
The movements between 30 and 60 degrees are more complex. Temperature is not the main reason of this circulation. The air in this temperate zone cell moves according to the differences between moving masses in Hadley and Polar cells. Prevailing winds are generally westerly.

Other websites
 Intertropical Convergence Zone 

Atmosphere
Meteorology
Charles Patrick "Pat" Roberts (born April 20, 1936 in Topeka, Kansas) is a former senator from Kansas. Before Roberts was a senator, he was a U.S. House of Representatives member and the chairman for the United States House Committee on Agriculture.

On January 4, 2019, Roberts announced that he will not seek reelection in 2020.

References

References 

1936 births
Living people
People from Dodge City, Kansas
People from Topeka, Kansas
United States representatives from Kansas
United States senators from Kansas
US Republican Party politicians
21st-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians
Kansas Republicans
Firestar's Quest is a volume in the Warriors novel series by Erin Hunter.

Setting 

At first it takes place at the New Forest. Soon, it's a journey.

Plot 

The story begins with Firestar out in the forest. He gets caught by his own apprentice, Bramblepaw. The next day he becomes a warrior, Brambleclaw. Meanwhile, Firestar's dreams become disturbed by wailing cats, and he eventually goes to the Moonstone, looking for answers. He finds out that the cats are SkyClan cats, the lost Clan from many moons ago. There, he has a discussion with his closest friends, who are his deputy, Graystripe, his medicine cat, Cinderpelt, and his mate, Sandstorm. They decide that Firestar must go. He picks up Sandstorm on his way out of the camp, and heads off along the river.

He now goes along through a storm, and loses Sandstorm. Because of that, he stays a few days in the nearby village to look for her. One he finds her, the pair continue, and find the end of the stream. There, they seek out the last descendant of SkyClan, and talk to him. They are then given their mission: Rebuild SkyClan before it is gone forever. They find many cats, join them up if they choose, and teach them about the ways of the Clans. 

They pick up more and more cats, and eventually, the newly rebuilt SkyClan along with Firestar and his mate fight a gigantic swarm of rats. There, their mission is complete. The first SkyClan's enemies are gone, SkyClan is rebuilt, and the modern SkyClan is now the fifth Clan. There are six Clans once again. ThunderClan, RiverClan, ShadowClan, WindClan, SkyClan, and StarClan are once again all the Clans in history.

The end shows Sandstorm and Firestar with their two kits, Leafkit, named for Leafstar, leader of SkyClan, and Squirrelkit, named for her bushy tail.

Warriors books
Monitor lizards, the genus Varanus, are also known as biawak or goannas. They are members of the family Varanidae. Their closest living relatives are the anguid and Heloderma lizards.

Varanus is a genus of largely carnivorous lizards. There are about 60 species in 10 subgenera. The species cover a vast area, occurring through Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, to China, down Southeast Asia to Brunei, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, Australia and islands of the Indian Ocean, and the South China Sea. A large concentration of monitor lizards occurs on Tioman Island in the Malaysian state of Pahang. Some are now found in South Florida, particularly in the Everglades.

Monitor lizards  have long necks, powerful tails and claws, and well-developed limbs. The species include the largest living lizard, the Komodo dragon, and the crocodile monitor. 

Most species are terrestrial, but arboreal and semi-aquatic monitors are also known. International trade in five species is banned, and all the others are threatened species.

Species
Subgenus Empagusia:
 Bengal monitor
 Black roughneck monitor
 Clouded monitor
 Dumeril's monitor
 Golden monitor

Related pages 
Savannah monitor

References
The musado is a modern martial art which is divided into two branches: the traditional musado destined for civil persons and the Musado MCS (Military Combat System) destined for the army and the police. The term musado (from Korean language) means "the way of warrior". Nevertheless, the musado is a German martial art, based on the Korean arts.

The international centre of the musado is in Dortmund.

The grand master of the musado is Herbert Grudzenski (1947-September 20, 2012)  from Germany, the main instructors for the Czech Republic are Oldřich Šelenberk and Antonín Sokol.

Traditional musado 
The traditional musado derives from Korean traditional martial arts such as taekwondo, hapkido  & Kuk Sool Won. Many of the techniques tailored more for European physical capabilities while maintaining the Korean martial arts mindset  though Grudzenski himself was also a black belt in Judo & Jujitsu.

The beginning of the musado is dated as from 1968.

Technical levels in the traditional musado 
The traditional musado has 6 levels (1.-6. kup) of student which are marked by colour (see the table). Differently from the majority of the martial arts the student does not have a belt since the beginning. Only to the term of the course which lasts 2–4 months there is capacity to pass examination for the white belt.

The belts go up until ninth dan, dan is marked on the belt with Roman numeration written with golden letters. In the Czech Republic, the most graduated is Antonín Sokol (4. dan).

Code of honour of the practitioners of musado 
The code of honour is a modern version of the code of ancient Korean units Hwarang.

Oath 
 Loyalty to own country 
 Loyalty to the teaching and to the instructors, with respect to the parents  
 Confidence and fraternity among friends 
 Courage when facing an enemy 
 Never kill without cause

Moral and ethical principles 
After taking oath the student must adhere to these moral and ethical principles (kyohun; Korean terms):
 in – humanity
 oui – justice
 ye – courtesy
 ji – wisdom
 shin – confidence
 sum – goodness
 duk – virtue
 chung – loyalty
 yong – courage

Musado Military Combat System 
The Musado MCS is a military system of personal defence and of body-to-body combat, designed especially for training of the army, of the police and of other forces of security.

The musado also is used in training of the special units, for example of the units of aerial war, of the brigades of rapid reaction and of the brigades of the UNO.

In the army of the Czech Republic this system was introduced in 1993.

Musado MCS does not have any rules precisely given. However, with its vast extension it provides more than 4000 techniques and skills which with good mastery enable the warrior to stop an attack.

References

Other websites
  Official page of the musado
  Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic History of the musado
  German organization of the musado 

European martial arts
Dortmund
Alexandre "Alex" Plante (born May 9, 1989) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for the Oklahoma City Barons of the American Hockey League. He was selected by the Edmonton Oilers 15th overall in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft and made his National Hockey League (NHL) debut in 2009–10. He is the son of former professional defenceman Cam Plante, while his brother, Tyler, is a goaltender in the Florida Panthers organization.

Playing career 

Plante played junior hockey for the Calgary Hitmen of the Western Hockey League (WHL).  The Hitmen selected him with their second round pick, 21st overall, in the 2004 WHL Bantam Draft. He established himself as a regular on Calgary's blue line in 2005–06, playing in 54 games.  He appeared in 58 more in 2006–07 and attracted greater attention from NHL scouts in the 2007 playoffs, scoring 11 points in 13 games.  As a result, the Edmonton Oilers selected him 15th overall in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, a higher position than he was initially expected to go. Several injuries limited Plante to 36 games in 2007–08 and he failed to report to Calgary's training camp prior to the 2008–09 WHL season, claiming that the team had treated him poorly the previous year. While he initially demanded a trade out of Calgary, Plante ultimately recanted and returned to the Hitmen early in the season. He rebounded from his "nightmare season" in 2007–08 to rank among the leaders of the Hitmen defence with 45 points in the regular season and another 15 in the playoffs before Calgary was upset in the league championship series by the Kelowna Rockets.

The Oilers signed Plante to a three-year contract following the season. He began his professional career in 2009–10 with Edmonton's top minor league affiliate, the Springfield Falcons of the American Hockey League (AHL). Several injuries on Edmonton's defence led the Oilers to recall Plante, and he made his NHL debut on February 1, 2010 against the Carolina Hurricanes and recorded an assist. He was returned to Springfield as injured players returned to the Oilers' lineup.

Career statistics

References

Other websites 

Alex Plante's profile at the WHL 

American Hockey League players
1989 births
Calgary Hitmen players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Edmonton Oilers players
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Living people
Phan Thanh Giản or Phan Thanh Jan(潘淸簡, 1796 - 1867) was a Vietnamese politician, diplomat and historian. He was Vietnam's diplomat in France, the war.

Book 
 《欽定越史通鑑綱目》

1796 births
1867 deaths
Suicides by poison
Vietnamese people
Asian politicians
Silversun Pickups is an American indie band from Los Angeles, California. Silversun Pickups has four members in the band; the current band members are Brian Aubert, Nikki Monninger, Joe Lester, Christopher Guanlao.

Career 
The band was formed by four friends and was originally called, A Couple of Couples but was changed to Silversun Pickups because it was an off licence across from the Silverlake Lounge and near their house at Sunset and Silverlake Blvds in Los Angeles. The band currently has Brian Aubert on Vocals and guitar, Nikki Monninger on bass and vocals, Chris Guanlao on drums and Joe Lester on keyboards, samples and sound manipulation.

Band members 

Current
Brian Aubert – guitar/Vocals 
Nikki Monninger – bass guitar/vocals 
Chris Guanlao – drums 
Joe Lester – keyboards/samples/sound manipulation 

Former
Jack Kennedy - Rhythm Guitar
Elvira Gonzalez - Drums

Discography 
So far as of 2011, Silversun Pickups has released 4 EPs and two albums.

Albums
Carnavas (2006)
Swoon (2009)

EPs
Pikul (EP) (2005)
Remixes (2007)
Live Session (2007) (iTunes Exclusive)
The Tripwire Session: Live in Chicago (2007)

Other websites 
 Official website

Alternative rock bands
Indie rock bands
American rock bands
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Kraken are legendary sea monsters of gargantuan size, said to have dwelt off the coasts of Norway and Iceland. The sheer size and fearsome appearance attributed to the beasts have made them common ocean-dwelling monsters in various fictional works. 
The legend may actually have originated from sightings of real giant squid that are variously estimated to grow to 13–15 m (40–50 ft) in length, including the tentacles.

Cryptozoology
A shadow cabinet is a term which applies in some parliamentary democracies based on the UK parliamentary tradition. It is a group of politicians who hold a political position in their party, but whose party is not in government (that is, an opposition party). A member of the shadow cabinet is a shadow minister. The leader of a shadow cabinet is called the Leader of the Opposition. The term is of United Kingdom origin, and is used by some members of the Commonwealth. Some elements are found in other democratic systems of government.

Each minister of a Cabinet has a corresponding shadow minister. The shadow minister may provide alternative policies to the minister in the government. The two of them may debate on issues relating to their area of jurisdiction. For example, the British "Shadow Secretary of State for Health" often replies to the Secretary of State for Health.

The current UK Shadow Cabinet is made up of members of the Labour Party. The term refers only to the party in opposition which has the most seats of the opposition parties.

References 

Politics
Michelle Malkin (born October 20, 1970) is a conservative blogger, political commentator and author. She runs a weekly syndicated column. Her weekly syndicated column is in a number of newspapers and websites. She is a Fox News Channel contributor and has been a guest on MSNBC, C-SPAN, and national radio programs. Malkin has written four books published by Regnery Publishing.

References

1970 births
Living people
American conservatives
American political commentators
American political writers
American bloggers
The Dodge B-Series were a series of passenger or cargo vans which began around 1971 and ended in 2003. These vans were full sized. They had the names of Sportsman for the passenger van. The cargo vans were named Dodge Tradesman. This was before 1979, beginning in which year these vehicles were renamed Dodge Ram. The vehicles were marketed under Dodge. The B-Series vans were discontinued in June 2003 and replaced with the Dodge Sprinter, a rebadged Mercedes which was already on sale since 2002. 

Vans
The Lincoln Town Car was an American-made full size sedan. It was launched in 1980 as a 1981 model. However, the Town Car name was first used on the Lincoln Continental starting in 1959 and ending in 1979. For 1980, the Town Car name was used on a downsized version of the Continental before it was used on its own model. The first official generation of the Town Car was made from 1981 to 1989. For 1990, the second generation got a complete redesign and was facelifted for the 1995 model year. For 1998, the Town Car entered its third generation and got a rounder, more sleek design. For 2003, the Panther platform got new rack and pinion steering along with a slight redesign which lasted till its end in 2011. The Lincoln Town Car was distributed by The Ford Motor Company, Ford's Lincoln (automobile) division. This automobile was the most used limousine in the United States and in Canada. The automobiles are sometimes used as taxis. They were used as hearses as well. The Town Car was discontinued in 2011.

1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Sedans
Town Car
America's Got Talent (sometimes abbreviated as AGT) is an American reality television series on the NBC television network, and part of the global British Got Talent series franchise. It began in June 21, 2006. It features singers, dancers, magicians and other talents from America to compete for a contract and $1,000,000 and as a headliner on the Las Vegas Strip since season 3.

Format 
Artists compete for the judges votes. Before appearing, Applicants must audition to impress the crew who works on the show. This is how people get a chance to impress the judges. 

Note: Certain seasons may have different variations of rounds.

Auditions 
Once applicants have made the show, they go on stage with the judges. Before the act, they introduce themselves("Who are you and where are you from?") is a common line. They perform their act with added help from the crew that helps the contestants with playing music, and props. The coaches have a big red X button they can press if the act starts performing and they get bored, don't like the act, or think the act isn't "talent" material or just plain stupid. If an act receives all of the Judges X's, they must stop performing, however, some have ignored the unofficial rule. After the act is complete, the judges make comments make positive and/or negative about it. Each judge then votes. If an act received 3 Yes's(75%) or more, they move on to the next round of competition. If an act received 2 yes's(50%) or less, they are eliminated from the competition. X's do not determine a judge's yes or no decision. Even if an act received four X's, they can still go through if they can convince the judges to give them 3 yes's, they still go through.

Judge Cuts 
The second round of the competition features the contestants performing an act again(usually better and bigger) than the last time. The Judges decide on a certain number of acts moving to the live shows. The contestants are usually split into a certain number of groups as well. The judges decide who moves on as a group, instead of individually. The judges can still X a performance, but all performances are eligible to move on when the judges X a performance, even with four X's.

Live Shows

Winners
 Season 1: Bianca Ryan
 Season 2: Terry Fator
 Season 3: Neal E. Boyd
 Season 4: Kevin Skinner
 Season 5: Michael Grimm
 Season 6: Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr.
 Season 7: Olate Dogs
 Season 8: Kenichi Ebina
 Season 9: Mat Franco
 Season 10: Paul Zerdin
 Season 11: Grace VanderWaal
 Season 12: Darci Lynne
 Season 13: Shin Lim
 Season 14: Kodi Lee
 Season 15: Brandon Leake
 Season 16: Dustin Tavella

AGT: The Champions 
 Season 1: Shin Lim
 Season 2: V.Unbeatable

References

Other websites

2006 American television series debuts
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
NBC network shows
Television series created by Simon Cowell
American reality television series
Reality television competitions
English-language television programs
Stained glass is glass coloured by adding metallic salts when it is made. The coloured glass is made into stained glass windows. Small pieces of glass are arranged to form patterns or pictures. The glass is held together  by strips of lead and supported by a rigid frame.

Painted details and yellow stain are often used to improve the design. The term stained glass is also applied to windows in which the colours have been painted onto the glass and then fused to the glass in a kiln.

Stained glass is much used in Christian art but other themes are not rare. It is still popular today, and often called art glass. It is often used in luxury homes and commercial buildings.

Some colours are added to stained glass by the salts of:
 Copper: metal gives dark red glass
 Gold: metal in tiny amounts (0.001%) produces ruby red glass
 Silver, usually silver nitrate, gives range of red to yellow colours
 Cobalt: brilliant blue
 Manganese dioxide: green
 Iron(II) oxide: blue-green
 Chromium: dark green

References 

Glass
Art
Architectural elements
This is a list of United States senators from Kansas.

Class 3

Notes

Senators from Kansas
The Calvin cycle (also known as the Benson-Calvin cycle) is the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis.  

The cycle is light-independent because it takes place after the energy has been captured from sunlight. 

The Calvin cycle is named after Melvin C. Calvin, who won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for finding it in 1961. Calvin and his colleagues, Andrew Benson and James Bassham, did the work at the University of California, Berkeley.

Context 
Using the radioactive carbon-14 isotope as a tracer, Calvin, Andrew Benson and their team mapped the complete route that carbon travels through a plant during photosynthesis. They traced the carbon-14 from soaking up its atmospheric carbon dioxide to its conversion into carbohydrates and other organic compounds. The single-celled algae Chlorulla was used to trace the carbon-14.

The Calvin group showed that sunlight acts on the chlorophyll in a plant to fuel the manufacture of organic compounds, not directly on carbon dioxide as previously believed.

Steps
The steps in the cycle are as follows:

1. Grab: A five-carbon carbon catcher called RuBP (Ribulose bisphosphate) catches one molecule of carbon dioxide and forms a six-carbon molecule.

2. Split: the enzyme RuBisCO (with the energy of ATP and NADPH molecules) breaks the six-carbon molecule into two equal parts.

3. Leave: A trio of carbons leave and become sugar. The other trio moves on to the next step.

4. Switch: Using ATP and NADPH, the three carbon molecule is changed into a five carbon molecule.

5. The cycle starts over again.

The product 
The carbohydrate products of the Calvin cycle are three-carbon sugar phosphate molecules, or 'glucose triose phosphates' (G3P). Each step of the cycle has its own enzyme which speeds up the reaction.

References

Plant physiology
Biochemistry

fi:Yhteyttäminen#Valoreaktiot ja pimeäreaktiot
A political machine (sometimes called just machine in politics) is a political organization in which a person or small group with authority that has enough votes or is popular enough to have control over political administration or any type of government in a city, county, or state. The term political machine has been used mostly since the 19th century in the United States, used to describe machines like Tamanny Hall who stayed in control mostly because of the large support from the immigrants in Manhattan during the 19th century.

References 

Politics

bg:Клиентела
cs:Klientelismus
de:Klientelismus
es:Clientelismo político
fr:Clientélisme
gl:Clientelismo
nl:Cliëntelisme
pt:Clientelismo
sk:Klientelizmus
Hall & Oates is an American musical group. The members are Daryl Hall and John Oates. They came from Philadelphia. Their greatest fame was from the late 1970s to mid 1980s. During this time they had many hit songs. They faded from view in 1990, but the duo are still performing together.

Albums 
 Whole Oats (1972)
 Abandoned Luncheonette (1973)
 War Babies (1974)
 Daryl Hall & John Oates (1975)
 Bigger Than Both of Us (1976)
 Beauty on a Back Street (1977)
 Along the Red Ledge (1978)
 X-Static (1979)
 Voices (1980)
 Private Eyes (1981)
 H2O (1982)
 Big Bam Boom (1984)
 Ooh Yeah! (1988)
 Change of Season (1990)
 Marigold Sky (1997)
 Do It for Love (2003)
 Our Kind of Soul (2004)
 Home for Christmas (2006)

Other websites
Hall & Oates Official website

1969 establishments in the United States
1960s American music groups
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American pop music groups
American rock bands
Musical groups from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Soul bands
1960s establishments in Pennsylvania
The title Duke of Normandy was given to the rulers of the duchy of Normandy. This fief was created in 911 by Charles the Simple King of France for Rollo, a leader of Northmen. In 1066 the seventh duke, William II, became King William I of England. The title of Duke of Normandy was held by the Kings of England until Henry III gave up the title by treaty in 1259. King John had lost mainland Normandy in 1204, and kept only the Channel Islands.  Today the Channel Islands are a British Crown dependency.

In 1660 when King Charles II was restored to the throne, the King of France, Louis XIV, created Charles' brother James Duke of Normandy, probably as a show of support for monarchy and to stop Charles claiming the title himself.

Early Dukes of Normandy (911-1204)

House of Normandy 

Rollo 911-928
William I Longsword 928-942
Richard I 942-997
Richard II the Good 996-1026
Richard III 1026–1027
Robert I The Magnificent 1027-1035
William the Conqueror* 1035-1087 (William II as Duke of Normandy, William I as King of England)
Robert II Curthose 1087-1106
William Rufus* as regent 1096-1100
William Clito as claimant 1106-1134
Henry I Beauclerk* 1106-1135
William III Atheling (Under his father, Henry I)
Stephen of Blois* 1135-1144 (usurped from Empress Matilda)

House of Plantagenet 

Geoffrey Plantagenet 1144-1150 (jure uxoris)
Henry II* 1150-1189
Henry the Young King* as junior duke 1170–1183
Richard IV Lionheart* 1189-1199
John Lackland* 1199-1216, lost mainland Normandy in 1204.
Henry III* 1216–1259, renounced mainland Normandy and the ducal title by Treaty of Paris (1259).

Notes

References 

House of Normandy
Kings and Queens of England
Channel Islands
Fernando Wood (14 June 1812 – 14 February, 1881) was an American politician of the Democratic Party from Pennsylvania. He served as the Mayor of New York City twice (1855 – 1857, 1860 – 1862), United States Representative three times (1841–1843, 1863–1865, and 1867–1881) and as Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means in both the 45th and 46th United States Congress (1877–1881). He was head of the political machine Tammany Hall. In 1854 he was elected Mayor of New York City and took office in 1855. He ran again in 1856, but lost to Daniel F. Tiemann, who was mayor from 1857 to 1859.  Wood was re-elected in 1860 and took office again that year, for the last time. After being a mayor, Wood returned to the United States Congress. He died at the age of 68.

1812 births
1881 deaths
US Democratic Party politicians
Politicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Mayors of New York City
United States representatives from New York
Chironex fleckeri, commonly known as sea wasp, is a well-known, lethal,  venomous species of Box jellyfish. It lives in coastal waters from northern Australia and New Guinea north to the Philippines and Vietnam. Humans can easily be killed by its sting. It is considered the most lethal jellyfish in the world because of the numerous incidents resulting in injury or death to humans.

References

Other websites 
 
 Distribution of Box Jellyfish in Australia

Cnidarians
Venomous animals
The Ford Flex was a full size crossover which was manufactured by Ford Motor Company. Its styling was based on the concept of the Ford Fairlane. The vehicle made its debut in 2007 at the New York International Auto Show. It replaced the Ford Freestar as well as its sibling, the Mercury Monterey and the Ford Taurus X and began sales in June 2008 as a 2009 model. It was facelifted for the 2013 model year and ended production in 2019.  

2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Flex