cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers is a 2002 fantasy epic movie directed by Peter Jackson, serving as the second part to the Lord of the Rings trilogy.

Cast
 Elijah Wood as Frodo Baggins
 Ian McKellen as Gandalf the White
 Liv Tyler as Arwen
 Viggo Mortensen as Aragorn
 Sean Astin as Samwise Gamgee
 Cate Blanchett as Lady Galadriel
 John Rhys-Davies as Gilmi/Treebeard
 Bernard Hill as Theoden
 Christopher Lee as Saruman the White
 Billy Boyd as Pippin Took
 Dominic Monaghan as Merry Brandybuck
 Orlando Bloom as Legolas
 Craig Parker as Haldir
 Hugo Weaving as Elrond
 Miranda Otto as Eowyn
 Karl Urban as Eomer
 Brad Dourif as Grima Wormtongue
 John Noble as Denethor (extended version only)
 Sean Bean as Boromir
 David Wenham as Faramir
 Andy Serkis as Gollum
 Bruce Hopkins as Gambling
 John Bach as Madril
 Alistair Browning as Damrod
 Jed Brophy as Sharku/Snaga

References

2000s fantasy movies
New Zealand movies
American fantasy movies
Movies directed by Peter Jackson
Movies that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award
New Line Cinema movies
The Lord of the Rings (movie series)
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King is a 2003 fantasy epic movie directed by Peter Jackson, serving as the end to the Lord of the Rings trilogy. It notably won all 11 Academy Awards it got nominated for, including Best Picture.

Cast
 Elijah Wood as Frodo Baggins
 Ian McKellen as Gandalf the White
 Liv Tyler as Arwen
 Viggo Mortensen as Aragorn
 Sean Astin as Samwise Gamgee
 Cate Blanchett as Lady Galadriel
 John Rhys-Davies as Gilmi/Treebeard
 Bernard Hill as Theoden
 Christopher Lee as Saruman the White (extended version only)
 Billy Boyd as Pippin Took
 Dominic Monaghan Merry Brandybuck
 Orlando Bloom as Legolas
 Hugo Weaving as Elrond
 Miranda Otto as Eowyn
 Karl Urban as Eomer
 Brad Dourif as Grima Wormtongue (extended version only)
 John Noble as Denethor
 Sean Bean as Boromir
 David Wenham as Faramir
 Craig Parker as Guritz
 Andy Serkis as Gollum
 Ian Holm as Bilbo Baggins
 Bruce Spence as Mount of Sauron (extended version only)
 Lawrence Makoare as Witch-king of Angmar/Gothmog
 Paul Norell as King of the Dead
 Marton Csokas as Celeborn
 Harry Sinclair as Isildur
 Ian Hughes as Irolas
 Bruce Hopkins as Gamling
 Bruce Phillips as Grimbold
 Bret McKenzie as Figwit
 Joel Tolbeck as Orc Lieutenant
 Sawdyn Brophy as Eldarion
 Alistair Browning as Damrod

References

2000s fantasy movies
New Zealand movies
American fantasy movies
Best Picture Oscar
Movies directed by Peter Jackson
Movies that won the Best Makeup Academy Award
Movies that won the Best Original Song Academy Award
Movies that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award
New Line Cinema movies
The Lord of the Rings (movie series)
Deborah Jo Hunter (also known as Hunter Tylo; born July 3, 1962, in Fort Worth, Texas) is an American actress. She works mostly in television soap operas. Her first appearance was in All My Children in 1985. She was fired three years later. She played Taylor Hayes in The Bold and the Beautiful. She also acted in other television programs.

Other websites

Hunter Tylo Official Site
Hunter Tylo's Charity

Hunter Tylo on the Net 
Retinoblastoma International

Actors from Texas
1962 births
Living people
is a rural district in Mittelfranken in the middle of Bavaria, Germany. Neighbor districts are: Roth, Ansbach, Eichstätt and Donau-Ries; Weißenburg i.Bay. is the capital of the district Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen.

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites

 Official website (German)
The Aqdas (, ; , ) is the central holy book of the Baha'i Faith. It was written by Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Baha'i Faith and it deals with various topics including ethics, prophecies and devotion.

Bahá'í Faith
Religious texts
Pokémon X and Y are two role-playing games (RPGs) in the Pokémon series made by Game Freak for the Nintendo 3DS. 

The games were announced by Nintendo on January 8, 2013. They were released on October 12, 2013. X and Y are the first ever full 3D games in the main Pokémon series.

New starting Pokémon were revealed in the announcement video for the game. The starters for X and Y are the Grass-type Pokémon, Chespin, the Fire-type Pokémon, Fennekin, and the Water-type Pokémon, Froakie. The announcement video also showed two new legendary Pokémon, Yveltal, a bird-like Pokémon which has a shape kind of like the letter Y, and Xerneas, a deer-like Pokémon which has X-shapes in its eyes. Another Pokémon, Sylveon, is both a new Eevee evolution and an entirely new type called the Fairy-type, which is strong against Dragon-type Pokémon. Some older Pokémon, like Jigglypuff, Marill, and Gardevoir, have also been changed to be part Fairy-type. There is also a new gameplay element called Mega Evolution. Some Pokémon like Mewtwo, Blaziken, and Lucario are able to power up during a battle if they are holding a Mega Stone. Mega forms of Pokémon are stronger than their normal forms.

References

Other websites
Nintendo's announcement video for Pokémon X and Y

2013 video games
Nintendo 3DS games
X and Y
Uri () is a town and sub-district of the Baramulla District in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is located along the Jhelum River.

Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir
Kepler is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth-like planets orbiting other stars. The spacecraft, named in honor of the 17th-century German astronomer Johannes Kepler, was launched on 7 March 2009. It was active for  as of  , .
 
The Kepler mission is "specifically designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way galaxy to discover dozens of Earth-size planets in or near the habitable zone and determine how many of the billions of stars in our galaxy have such planets". It works by the occultation method. A photometer continually monitors the brightness of over 145,000 main sequence stars in a fixed field of view. This data is transmitted to Earth, then analyzed. The aim is to find periodic dimming caused by extrasolar planets which cross in front of their host star. As of January 2013, there are a total of 2,740 candidates.
 
Kepler is part of NASA's Discovery Program of relatively low-cost primary science missions. The telescope's construction and initial operation were managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. To start with, the mission lifetime was 3.5 years. In 2012, this was extended to 2016, partly due to difficulties in processing and analyzing the huge volume of data collected by the spacecraft.

Kepler retires 
The Kepler space telescope has had to give up its planet-hunting mission because its pointing system has problems which the engineers cannot fix.

References 

NASA spacecraft
Across may refer to:
 "Across the Universe", song written by John Lennon
 "Phineas and Ferb The Movie: Across the 2nd Dimension
 Suzuki Across, a motorcycle manufactured by Suzuki
Huell Burnley Howser (October 18, 1945 – January 7, 2013) was an American actor, comedian, and television personality who is best known for the travel television show California's Gold.

Early life
Howser was born Huell Burnley Howser in Gallatin, Tennessee on October 18, 1945. He studied at University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee. He was raised in both Knoxville, Tennessee, and in Los Angeles, California.

Death
On January 7, 2013, at 1:11 AM, Howser died in Palm Springs, California of prostate cancer at the age of 67.

References

Other websites

 
 Huell Howser Productions
 Huell's Interactive L.A.  from the KCET website
 Huell Howser - California's Dreamer , from the KVIE website
 PBS host Huell Howser on life, death and an unscheduled visit with ‘The Simpsons’
 Lunch With Huell  Q&A with Huell Howser by Aaron Proctor in the Pasadena Weekly August 20, 2008.

1945 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from Tennessee
Comedians from Tennessee
American movie actors
American radio actors
American radio personalities
American television actors
American television personalities
American television presenters
American voice actors
People from Knoxville, Tennessee
William Everett "Bud" Luckey (July 28, 1934 – February 24, 2018) was an American animator, artist, cartoonist, composer, designer, musician, singer and voice actor. He was known for designing some of the Disney-Pixar characters such as in Toy Story, Monsters, Inc., Ratatouille, Toy Story 2, and in Toy Story 3. He won an Clio Award and an Annie Award in 2004.

Luckey was born on July 28, 1934 in Billings, Montana. He studied at Chouinard Art Institute and at University of Southern California. He had a son, Andy Luckey. Luckey died after stroke in Newtown, Connecticut on February 24, 2018.  He was 83 years old. Incredibles 2 was dedicated to his memory.

References

Other websites
 

1934 births
2018 deaths
Actors from Montana
American animators
American cartoonists
American composers
American movie actors
American musicians
American radio actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Annie Award winners
Clio Award winners
Deaths from stroke
Disney actors
Musicians from Montana
People from Billings, Montana
Singers from Montana
Writers from Montana
Hailee Elizabeth Steinfeld (born December 11, 1996) is an American actress and singer. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress on the 2010 remake movie True Grit.

Biography
Steinfeld was born in Tarzana, Los Angeles. Her mother is Cheri (née Domasin), an interior designer. Her father is Peter Steinfeld, a personal fitness trainer. Her father is Jewish and her mother is of African American, English, Filipino, Irish, Scottish and German descent. Her maternal grandfather, Ricardo Domasin is a Filipino, from Bohol, Philippines. Her older brother, Griffin, is a stock car driver. Steinfeld calls him her best friend on some of her Tweets. She was raised in Agoura Hills and in Thousand Oaks, California. She attended Ascension Lutheran School, Conejo Elementary, and Colina Middle School. She has been home-schooled since 2008, because of bullying.

Filmography

Film

Television

Discography

EPs 

 Haiz (2015)

Singles 

 "Love Myself" (2015)
 "Rock Bottom" (2016); featuring DNCE
 "Starving" (2016); with Grey featuring Zedd
 "Most Girls" (2017)
 "Let Me Go" (2017); with Alesso featuring Florida Georgia Line and Watt
 "Capital Letters" (2018); with BloodPop
 "Used To This" (TBA)

References

Actors from Los Angeles
1996 births
Living people
African American actors
Jewish American actors
Patrice Lumumba Malcolm Oneal (December 7, 1969 – November 29, 2011) was an American comedian, radio and television personality, and actor who is known for his type 2 diabetes health jokes and for his insult comedy.

O'Neal was born on December 7, 1969 in New York City, New York. He was raised in Boston, Massachusetts. O'Neal studied at West Roxbury High School and at Northeastern University. During his career he was influenced by George Carlin, Eddie Murphy, and by Richard Pryor. O'Neal had one child, Aymilyon. O'Neal died on November 29, 2011 from a diabetic stroke in Englewood, New Jersey, aged 41.

References

Other websites

"Official Site"
"Patrice O'Neal" . Comedy Central
March 26, 2009 interview 

"Patrice O'Neal on the Opie and Anthony radio show"

1969 births
2011 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from stroke
Deaths from diabetes
Comedians from Boston, Massachusetts
American radio personalities
American television personalities
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
African American comedians
African American actors
Actors from New York City
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
Comedians from New York City
Avallon is a French commune. It is in the south of the Yonne department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region, to the southeast of Paris, and is a subprefecture in the department. It is also the capital of the arrrondissement of Avallon.

Geography
The city of Avallon is in the southeastern part of the Yonne department. The city is on small hills along the Cousin river, a river that flows mainly in the Yonne department.

The commune of Avallon has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The city of Avallon is surrounded by the communes:

Climate
The Köppen climate classification type for Avallon is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype Cfb.

Population
The inhabitants of Avallon are known, in French, as Avallonnais (women: Avallonnaises).

With a population of 7025, Avallon has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Avallon

Administration 
Avallon is a subprefecture of the Yonne department, the capital of the arrondissement of Avallon and the administrative centre () of the canton Avallon formed by 27 communes, with 14,851 inhabitants (2014).

It is part of the intercommunality Avallon, Vézelay, Morvan ().

Twinned and partner towns 
Avallon is twinned with:

  Pepinster, Belgium
  Cochem, Germany
  Tenterden, United Kingdom
  Saku, Japan

Places of interest
Some interesting places in Avallon are:
 The Saint-Lazare church, built in the twelfth century.
 The Saint-Martin church, built around 1650.
 The bell tower - The tower was built in 1456 and is  high.

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Avallon
 Communes of the Yonne department

References

Other websites

 Mairie d'Avallon official website 
 Office de Tourisme d'Avallon  
 Communauté de communes Avallon - Vézelay - Morvan 

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Yonne
Joan Van Ark (born June 16, 1943 in New York City) is an American actress. She acts mostly in television series. She played Valene Ewing in the soap opera series Knots Landing. She also played Gloria Fisher Abbott in CBS' daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless. She appeared in other programs as well.

References

American television actors
Actors from New York
1943 births
Living people
The Central Australian Aboriginal Media Association (CAAMA) is an Australian organisation that supports Aboriginal music and culture. It was created as a public radio station in 1980, and started broadcasting in Alice Springs in 1988. CAAMA now operates several companies in the communications, music, film and radio industries. CAAMA Productions is currently the largest indigenous production studio in Australia.

The CAAMA Group includes:
 CAAMA Radio 8 KIN-FM, a radio station. It provides indigenous radio programs to over 500,000 people in Australia.
 CAAMA Music, a record label. About 90% of the music it produces is recorded in indigenous languages. It also organises music tours and live concerts.
 CAAMA Corporate Services Group is the operational management group of CAAMA.
 CAAMA Technical Services works with CAAMA and local Aboriginal communities to make sure their telecommunications equipment is working.
 CAAMA Shops Pty Ltd is a retail shop that sells products (videos, music, literature, craft, etc.) created by Aboriginal people in the local area.
 CAAMA Productions Pty Ltd is the largest indigenous-owned production studio in Australia, with programming based on indigenous culture, lifestyle and issues.
 Imparja Television Pty Ltd is a commercial television station that operates from Alice Springs.

References

Other websites
 Official website

Indigenous Australian culture
Indigenous Australian music
Organisations based in Australia
1980 establishments in Australia
The Division of Lalor is a Federal Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of Victoria. It is located in the outer western suburbs of Melbourne. It includes the suburbs of Werribee, Point Cook, Laverton, Rockbank and Melton.

The Division was drawn up on 11 May 1949, for the 1949 Federal election. It was named after Peter Lalor, the leader of the miners at the Eureka Stockade, and a former member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly.

Members 

Barry Jones was the Minister for Science under Bob Hawke and Labor National President. Jim Cairns, was the Treasurer and Deputy Prime Minister under Gough Whitlam. As Julia Gillard was Deputy Prime Minister prior to becoming Prime Minister, Lalor is the only federal electorate to have been held by two Deputy Prime Ministers.

Election results 
 2010 election results
 2007 election results
 2004 election results
 2013 election results

References
Division of Lalor - Australian Electoral Commission

Notes

Lalor
1949 establishments in Australia
Richard Blanco is an American poet.

Life
He was born in Madrid, Spain on February 15, 1968.  His family had just left Cuba.  Then the family went to New York.  After that, they moved to Miami, Florida.  He grew up there.
 
Blanco graduated  from Florida International University in Civil Engineering in 1991.  Then he got a Masters in Fine Arts in Creative Writing in 1997. 

After 1999, he traveled and lived in Guatemala, and Brazil.  He taught at Georgetown University, American University, and Central Connecticut State University.  Later, he returned to Miami and lived there.  Now he lives in Maine. 

In January 2013 he read his poem "One Today" at the second inauguration (swearing-in ceremony) of America's President Barack Obama.

His work has appeared in some magazines.  These include The Nation, Ploughshares, Indiana Review, Michigan Quarterly Review, TriQuarterly Review, New England Review, and Americas Review.

Awards
 1997 Agnes Lynch Starrett Prize for City of a Hundred Fires
 Florida Artist Fellowship
 2006 PEN Open Book Award (formerly known as Beyond Margins Award) for Directions to the Beach of the Dead
 1988 Agnes Lynch Starrett Poetry Prize
 John Ciardi Fellowship from the Bread Loaf Writers Conference
 Residency Fellowship from the Virginia Center for the Creative Arts

Works
 
 "Somewhere to Paris", Poetry Foundation 
 
 
How to Love a Country. Beacon Press. 2019. ISBN 978-080702591-8

Anthologies

References

Other websites
 "Richard Blanco", TRES Review, Jack Anders Summer 2004
 Biography
 Readings by the poet

American poets
Living people
1968 births
Bert is a French commune that is in the Allier department in the center of France.

Related pages
Communes of the Allier department

Other websites
INSEE

Communes in Allier
Janice Doreen Dickinson (who was born on February 15, 1955) is an American model who was very popular in 1970s and 1980s. She was born in Brooklyn, New York City and is of Polish maternal descent. She has been on the cover of many magazines, which include Vogue, Marie Claire and Cosmopolitan. She has been on several reality television shows.

In March 2016, it was revealed that Dickinson has been diagnosed with breast cancer.

References

Other websites 

Models from New York City
People with cancer
American television actors
American television personalities
Participants in American reality television series
1955 births
Living people
Le Breuil is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Allier
La Celle is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.

Related pages 
Communes of the Allier department

References

INSEE

Communes in Allier
La Chapelle is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Allier
Ygrande is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Communes in Allier
Suzanne Cleary  is an American poet. She was born in Binghamton, New York.  She grew up there.  She has an M.A. in Writing from Washington University, and a Ph.D. in Literature and Criticism from Indiana University of Pennsylvania. She is Professor of English at State University of New York at Rockland.

Quotation
"I love to read poems where I think the poet includes something that may not work or almost doesn't work.  To me that's an exciting kind of risk."

Awards
 Winner of the 2012 John Ciardi Prize for Poetry from the University of Missouri, Kansas City
 Winner of the 2012 Emerging Writer Fellowship for Poetry from The Writer's Center, Bethesda, Maryland
 a Pushcart Prize (2005)
 the Cecil Hemley Memorial Award of the Poetry Society of America
 Julia Peterkin Award of Converse College
 Eugene Paul Nassar Poetry Prize
Patterson Award for Literary Excellence

Books
 Keeping Time (2002)
 Trick Pear (2007)
 Beauty Mark (2013)
 Crude Angel (2018)

Critical writing 
 Cleary, Suzanne. "Be Still and Know:  Silence in the Poetry of Jean Valentine,"  in Laurel Review 40.2. (2006)
 Cleary, Suzanne. "A Control Room inside of Me," Georgia Review September 25, 2014.

References

Other websites
 Poet's page
 

American poets
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Binghamton, New York
American academics
Educators from New York
Caserta is a city in Campania in Italy. In Caserta there are 1 million people. The main building of Caserta is the Reggia di Caserta in Italian or 'a' regg' e' 'casert ' in Napolitan dialect.

Cities in Campania
Capital cities in Italy
A Lantern of the Dead is a free-standing structure much like a tower. They were built during the Middle Ages mostly in central France. In the upper part of the structure there is an opening, which can hold a light. Most of these larnerns were built in the 12th and 13th century. Their exact function is unclear, as there are no written sources about them. One of the theories states that they were built to satisfy different other beliefs, which had been around before Christianity. One of the ideas was that the deceased needed a light to find their way home. 
Lanterns of the dead exist in different forms: cylindrical, square, as a hexagon, or polygon, as a column. Sometimes they are attached to a chapel.

Towers
Carl Ernest Berner (January 27, 1902 – January 7, 2013) was a German-born American supercentenarian, activist, and former toymaker. 

Berner was born on January 27, 1902 in Stuttgart, Württemberg, German Empire. He moved to France after his parents' deaths. Berner was married to Margaret Berner from 1936 until her death in 1987. They had one daughter, Emily Berner. Berner died on January 7, 2013 (just 20 days before his 111th birthday) in Middle Village, Queens, New York of natural causes at age 110 years, 346 days. At the time of his death, Berner was the second-oldest German man ever behind Hermann Dörnemann (who later became surpassed by Gustav Gerneth), the third-oldest living Americanman behind Spanish-born Salustiano Sanchez (who, however, was still not verified) and Canadian-born James McCoubrey, and the 7th oldest living man in the world (behind Jiroemon Kimura, James Sisnett, Sanchez, McCoubrey, Makaru Nakanishi and Jokichi Ikarashi who was just a day older).

References

1902 births
2013 deaths
American supercentenarians
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Stuttgart
James McGill Buchanan, Jr. (October 3, 1919 – January 9, 2013) was an American economist and educator. He is known for his public choice theory. His theories helped scientists figure out political science. Buchanan won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1968 for his theory.

Early life
Buchanan was born on October 3, 1919 in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. His ancestry includes Scottish and Irish. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois and in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Buchanan studied at University of Chicago, at the University of Tennessee, and at the State Teachers College, Murfreesboro.

Ideas
Buchanan is the founder of a new Virginia school of political economy. Buchanan is largely responsible for the rebirth of political economy in the second half of 20th century.
The term "constitutional economics" was used by James M. Buchanan as a name for a new academic sub-discipline. Buchanan’s work in 1986 brought him the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his "development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making."
Buchanan rejects "any organic conception of the state" as superior in wisdom, to the citizens of this state." This philosophical position forms the basis of constitutional economics. Buchanan believes that every constitution is created for at least several generations of citizens. It must be able to balance interests of the state, society, and each individual.

In 2001 Buchanan received an honorary doctoral degree from Universidad Francisco Marroquín, in Guatemala City, Guatemala, for his contribution to economics.
The New York Times commented that the Nobel Prize-winning economist who championed public choice theory influenced a "generation of conservative thinking about deficits, taxes, and the size of government".

Influences
He was influenced by Frank Knight, Knut Wicksell, and by Ludwig von Mises. He has influenced Elinor Ostrom.

Personal life and death
He was married to Ann Bakke from 1945 until his death in 2013. They had no children. Buchanan died on January 9, 2013, in Blacksburg, Virginia. He was 93 and he died from natural causes.

References

Related pages
Constitutional economics
Economics
Political economy
Nobel Prize in Economics

Other websites

Biography at GMU 
YouTube Reflections on the Life and Work of James Buchanan
Biography of James M. Buchanan at the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics
'The Hobbes Problem: From Machiavelli to Buchanan' by Deirdre McCloskey.

1919 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American economists
Educators from Chicago
Nobel Prize in Economics winners
Scientists from Chicago
Scientists from Virginia
Scientists from Tennessee
Educators from Virginia
Educators from Tennessee
The Division of Warringah is a Federal Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales.
It is located in the Northern Beaches region of Sydney. It covers most of the land between Middle Harbour and the Pacific Ocean. It extends from Port Jackson in the south to the suburb of Dee Why in the north. It includes the suburbs of Mosman, Balgowlah, Manly, Brookvale, Beacon Hill and Forestville.

The Division was named after the Warringah area of Sydney. This is an Aboriginal Australian word which means "rain", "waves" or "sea". The Division was created on 13 September 1922, for the 1922 Federal election. The seat is currently a safe Liberal seat. It has always been held by a member of a conservative party. It is currently held by Zali Steggall.

Members for Warringah

Election results
 2013 election results 
 2010 Federal election
 2007 Federal election
 2004 Federal election

References
Division of Warringah - Australian Electoral Commission

Other websites
 Tony Abbott's website

Warringah
New South Wales
1922 establishments in Australia
The Division of Lowe was a Federal Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales. It was located in the inner western suburbs of Sydney, on the south shore of the Parramatta River. It included the suburbs of Drummoyne, Five Dock, Croydon, Croydon Park, Burwood, Enfield, Homebush, Strathfield, Concord, Rhodes, Canada Bay, Cabarita, Abbotsford and Mortlake.

The Division was named after the Rt Hon Robert Lowe, 1st Viscount Sherbrooke. Lowe had been a Member of the New South Wales Legislative Council, and former Home Secretary of the United Kingdom. The Division was created in 11 May 1949, for the 1949 federal election. It was first held by Sir William McMahon, who held the seat for over 32 years, until 1982.  He was Prime Minister 1971-72.  

In 2009 the seat of Lowe was abolished. Most of the area was added to the nearby Division of Reid.

Members

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results

There was a by-election in Lowe in 1982 after Sir William McMahon resigned from the parliament.

References
Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive
The Poll Bludger 
ABC Elections
Australian Electoral Commission

Other websites
  (PDF, 184 kB)

Lowe
New South Wales
1949 establishments in Australia
2010 disestablishments
Indelibly Stamped is the second studio album of Supertramp. A&M Records released it in June 1971. Indelibly Stamped was Supertramp's first album that was released in the United States. Supertramp recorded this album in April and May 1971 in London.

Track listing
All songs written by Rick Davies and Roger Hodgson, except where noted.

All lead vocals by Rick Davies, except where noted.

"Rosie Had Everything Planned" is the only original song in the entire Supertramp catalog for which Rick Davies receives no writing or co-writing credit.

Personnel

 Rick Davies – acoustic and Wurlitzer pianos, organ, lead vocals, harmonica 
 Roger Hodgson – acoustic and electric guitars, bass guitar (Track 3), lead (Tracks 2, 3, 10) and backing vocals
 Dave Winthrop – flute, saxophone, lead vocals (Track 6)
 Frank Farrell – bass guitar, piano and accordion (Track 3)
 Kevin Currie – percussion, drums

Production
 Producer: Supertramp
 Engineer: Bob Hall
Udhampur () is a city and a sub-district of Udhampur District in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is the headquarters of the district's government.

Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir
Chloe Bridges (who was born December 27, 1991 in Louisiana) is an American actress. She works mostly in movies. She has also done some television programs. She starred in the comedic drama Forget Me Nots, and will be playing Donna in The Carrie Diaries.

American television actors
Actors from Louisiana
1991 births
Living people
The Palaeoptera is the group of primitive (basal) winged insects which do not fold the wings back over the abdomen, as Neoptera do. Most of them are extinct; the living ones are the Ephemeroptera (mayflies) and Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies).

The Palaeoptera may not be monophyletic: the issue is not yet settled. On the other hand, the Neoptera definitely are monophyletic. 

The absence of wing-folding does not necessarily mean the Palaeoptera form a natural group. They may just be a group of insects that "are not Neoptera", in other words, a wastebasket taxon. As it stands, the relationship of the two living Paleopteran groups to the Neoptera is unclear.

Probably the concept of Palaeoptera will be changed to better reflect insect evolution. In any case, three main palaeopteran lineages, traditionally treated as superorders, are recognized. Of these, the Palaeodictyopteroidea themselves might also be a paraphyletic assemblage of very basal Pterygota.

Taxonomy

Infraclass Palaeoptera
(probably paraphyletic)

Mayfly group
 Ephemeroptera (mayflies)
†Palaeodictyoptera group (all are extinct)
 †Palaeodictyoptera 
 †Megasecoptera 
 †Archodonata 
 †Diaphanopterodea 
Dragonfly group (sometimes all are placed in the Odonata)
 †Protodonata or Meganisoptera 
 †Protanisoptera 
 †Triadophlebioptera 
 †Protozygoptera or Archizygoptera 
 Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies)

Related pages
Archedictyon
Palaeodictyoptera

References

Insects
Broughton (2001 pop.: 24) was a former town in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality about 12 miles from the former city of Sydney, Nova Scotia. Expected to be a boomtown when first settled, it was mostly abandoned when mining operations failed. 
During the First World War, Broughton was used by the 185th Cape Breton Highlanders as training ground. During this time the famous Broughton Arms Hotel burned to the ground in April 1916. The Hotel is believed to have had North America's first revolving door.

History 

Broughton was first settled at the turn of the 20th century as a mining town for the Cape Breton Coal, Iron & Railway Company, started by British mining engineer Thomas Lancaster and British businessman Col. Horace Mayhew which intended to develop the coal seam at Cochrane's Lake (aka: Loon Lake).  The pair raised millions of dollars, mostly from English investors, and construction on the town was started, with streets laid out and a number of large official buildings constructed, including the Office Building, the Assistant Manager's House, the Broughton Arms Hotel and Crown Hotel. Remains of these substantial buildings can still be seen today, the scale of which giving an impression of the town's lofty ambitions.  A railway was built connecting to the Sydney & Louisburg Railway at False Bay Head, continuing through Broughton Junction to Broughton, a distance of 4 ½ miles, construction beginning in 1905 and completed in 1906. Seemingly too much money and effort was spent on the details and modern conveniences of the "most up-to-date modern city", one of the first attempts at a planned community in Canada, and not enough attention to the actual mine operation.  The company went bankrupt in 1907 after it failed to secure rail transportation to get its coal to port.  It is said this was due to the opposition of the Dominion Coal Company, which would not allow its Sydney and Louisburg Railway to carry the coal produced by the mine.
The British pair left Cape Breton, abandoning the company and the town.

The community remained active until its peak in 1916. The army had taken over the hotels to house officers and men during the First World War. After the end of the war the community declined rapidly. Some residents still live in the area.

A long article, detailing this company's history, appeared in the Montreal Daily Star, 25 May 1907.

References

Settlements in Nova Scotia
The Palaeodictyoptera were large flying insects which are now extinct. They were common in the Upper Carboniferous, and became extinct at the end-Permian extinction. Their size varied from large to huge. For example, Mazothairos had a wingspan of about .

Herbivores 
They were the first major group of herbivorous insects. They had long, beak-like, piercing mouthparts, and probably a sucking organ. The mouthparts match the signs of damage in fossil plant leaves and stems.

Flight 
In addition to the normal four wings, they had two "pronota" in front. These pronota were smaller than the regular wings, but had wing veins just like the real things. They did not move up and down, so maybe they helped gliding. The Palaeodictyoptera are sometimes whimsically called "six-winged insects". The actual wings are often boldly marked: the patterns of colour can be seen in fossils.

These insects had paired cerci (singular: cercus) on their rear segment. The function of these is not clear. Cerci often serve as sensory organs, but they may also be used as weapons or copulation aids, or they may simply be vestigial structures. The cerci on some species was longer than the rest of the insect.

References

 Carpenter F.M. 1992. Superclass Hexapoda. Volume 3 of Part R, Arthropoda 4;  Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America.

Other websites
Paleodictyoptera  at the Tree of Life project (list of taxa)
Google images for Palaeodictyoptera 

Insects
Fossils
LinkedIn is a social networking website for people in professional jobs. The company started in December 2002, and the website opened May 5, 2003. Users can make connections with other people they have worked with, post their work experience and skills, look for jobs, and look for workers. The site is available in many languages, including most European languages, Japanese, Korean, Indonesian, and Malay. LinkedIn has more than 200 million members around the world.

In 2012, the LinkedIn website was attacked by hackers from Russia, who stole passwords for more than 100 million user accounts. In 2016, a suspect was arrested in the Czech Republic.

The company which owns LinkedIn, the LinkedIn Corporation, was bought out by Microsoft in 2016 for US$26 billion.

Statistics
In January 2013, the countries with the most LinkedIn users were:  

 United States with 74 million members
 India with 18 million members    
 United Kingdom with 11 million members
 Brazil with 11 million members 
 Canada with 7 million members

References

Other websites
 
 SEC Form S-1 Registration Statement – LinkedIn's IPO filing

Web 2.0
Social networking
2002 establishments in the United States
Integer overflow occurs in computers, when the number which is stored becomes larger than the capacity of the memory it is stored in. The most likely result is that the number will reset to 0 and start over.

For example, start with the number 14, using 4-bits integers. Add 1 a few times, this will result in an overflow, which causes it to reset the number to 0.

Another result is the number will reset to the most negative number, if the number has a sign. This is because negative numbers are represented by values after the maximum positive value.

For example, with signed 4-bit integers. Adding 1 will cause this type of overflow:

References

Computers
Bethesda is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in southern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. It is northwest of Washington, D.C. The National Institutes of Health main campus and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center are in Bethesda. There are also corporate and government headquarters.

In April 2009, Forbes put Bethesda second on its list of "America's Most Livable Cities."

Bethesda is an unincorporated area. It has no official boundaries. The United States Census Bureau says the center is at 38°59' North, 77°7' West. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2010, Bethesda had 60,858 people.

References

Other websites

 
Census-designated places in Maryland
1820 establishments in the United States
Montgomery County, Maryland
19th-century establishments in Maryland
The Division of Ballarat (Ballaarat until 1977) is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. The division was one of the original 75 divisions created in 1900. It was set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is named for the city of Ballarat.

The division includes Ballarat, Bacchus Marsh, Ballan, Daylesford, Creswick, Trentham and Clunes. In the past it has included Ararat, Maryborough, and Stawell.

Ballarat had the closest election result in Australian history.  Nationalist Edwin Kerby unseated Labor member Charles McGrath by a single vote in 1919.  However, McGrath said that the election had not been fair. It was challenged in court which resulted in a by-election in 1920 that was won by McGrath.

Members

The most famous member was Alfred Deakin, Prime Minister of Australia three times. Michael Ronaldson was the grandson of Archibald Fisken. Ronaldson later served as a Liberal senator.

Election results
 2013 election results 
 2010 election results
 2007 election results
 2004 election results
 2016 election results

Related pages
 Catherine King's website

References
Division of Ballarat - Australian Electoral Commission

Ballarat
Ballarat
Victoria, Australia
1901 establishments in Australia
Windows 3.0 is the third major release of Microsoft Windows, and was released on May 20, 1990. It is a graphical environment (a program that runs on top of an operating system), instead of an operating system by itself. It became the first successful version of Windows in the market. Windows 3.0 was the first version to be widely seen as a rival to Apple's Macintosh and Commodore's Amiga on the graphical user interface (GUI) front. It was followed by Windows 3.1.

Windows 3.0 was created in 1989, when David Weise and Murray Sargent independently decided to develop a protected mode Windows as an experiment. They compiled a prototype and showed it to Microsoft executives, who approved it as an official project.

Updates

Windows 3.0a 
On December 31, 1990, Microsoft released Windows 3.0a. This version contained an improved ability to move pieces of data greater than 64KB (the original release could only manipulate one segment of RAM at a time). It also improved stability by reducing Unrecoverable Application Errors (UAEs) associated with networking, printing, and low-memory conditions. This version appears as "Windows 3.00a" in Help/About Windows system dialogs.

Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions 
Based on Windows 3.0a, and originally called 3.0b, Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions 1.0 was released in October 31, 1991 to support sound cards, as well as CD-ROM drives, which were then becoming more available. This edition was released to Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), mainly CD-ROM drive and sound card manufacturers, and some PCs came preloaded with it. This edition added basic multimedia support for audio input and output, along with new applications: Media Player, CD audio player, more advanced Help format, screen savers, and a new clock. These new features were integrated into Windows 3.1x. Microsoft developed the Windows Sound System sound card specification to support these extensions. The new features were not accessible in Windows 3.0 Real Mode.

The MME API was the first universal and standardized Windows audio API. Wave sound events played in Windows (up to Windows XP) and MIDI I/O use MME. The devices listed in the Multimedia/Sounds and Audio control panel applet represent the MME API of the sound card driver.

MME does not have channel mixing, so only one audio stream can be rendered at a time. MME supports sharing the audio device for playback between multiple applications starting with Windows 2000, up to two channels of recording, 16-bit audio bit depth and sampling rates of up to 44.1 kHz with all the audio being mixed and sampled to 44.1 kHz.

References 

 

Microsoft operating systems
Windows Home Server can refer to:
Windows Home Server 2007 (Windows 2007/Windows Server 2007)
Windows Home Server 2011 (Windows 2011/Windows Server 2011)
CeCe Peniston (born September 6, 1969, in Dayton, Ohio) is an American R&B singer and former beauty queen. She was very popular in the early 1990s. Her hit song "Finally" was released in 1991. A lot of other songs followed. Peniston was crowned Miss Black Arizona 1989 and Miss Galaxy 1990.

American R&B singers
Singers from Ohio
1969 births
Living people
Straw man is a type of incorrect reasoning, in which a changed (usually exaggerated)  version of someone else's argument is proved wrong, and it looks as if the real argument has been proved wrong.
Sometimes such an easy to disprove argument is simply invented. Straw man can be understood also as the mentioned argument itself. The name suggests a human figure made of straw that is easy to destroy.
  
The straw man argument can have many forms. The fallacy of attacking a straw man can also arise from an honest mistake.

Examples 
An everyday conversation:
Alice: Taking a shower is beneficial.
Bob: But hot water may damage your skin.
Bob attacked the non-existing argument: . And because such an argument is obviously false, Alice might start believing that she is wrong because what Bob said was clearly true. But her real argument was not disproved, because she did not say anything about the temperature.
Alice: I didn't mean taking an extremely hot shower.
Alice noticed the trick and defended herself.

History
The origins of the term are unclear. An 1898 definition refers to men who stood outside courthouses with a straw in their shoe in order to indicate their willingness to be hired to give evidence in a court trial.

In the 1900 US presidential election campaign, the issue of Imperialism became a "straw man" issue when President McKinley accepted his party's nomination.  Cartoonist William Allen Rogers focused on the destruction of this issue in a September issue of Harper's Weekly.

Gallery

References

Other websites 
 "Straw Man" at FallacyFiles.org

Logical fallacies
Cégep de Saint-Hyacinthe is a college in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.

Pre-University programs

Social sciences
Social sciences – Administration profile
Pure and applied sciences
Arts and letters – Cinéma
Arts and letters – Visual arts and multimédia
Arts and letters – Culture and creation
Arts and letters – Theatrical exploration

Career programs

Biomedical laboratory technology
Early childhood education
Computer science- Management
Computer science- Network management
Nursing
Marketing and Management
Paramedic
Dental hygiene
Diet technician
Animal health
Biotechnology specialization
Mechanical engineering technology – Building sciences
Accounting
Theater production – Stage management and technical design: sets and costumes
Theater – Theater performance

Other websites
 Official website

Colleges and universities in Canada
Quebec
Stéphan Bégin (); born June 14, 1978) is a Canadian  ice hockey player. He played center for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League. He also played for the Nashville Predators, Montreal Canadiens, Dallas Stars, and Boston Bruins.

Biography 
At the age of six, Bégin started his hockey career in the minor hockey leagues. He and his friend Sébastien Hubert played together in MAHG (). Gilles Bégin, his father, did not want to buy new hockey gear so he started with girl skates. Since his first hockey game, Bégin knew he wanted to play in the NHL.

After two good seasons in MAHG where he was the best player on the ice, his class was novice. At nine years old, in his second season in novice category, Bégin ended the season with over 120 nets. The next year, he made the atom AA without difficulties. It was believed that he was too small to play AA but Bégin heard this and he started to change his style; he became more aggressive. In his second atom season, even if he was the smallest player, he was the one who protected the other kids.  Bégin continued his ascension to the NHL in playing pee-wee CC for his first year in this category and AA the second year. Bégin was a complete athlete; he was a hockey player, he played soccer and he did box in his youth.  He played AA at his first soccer season. At 14, he decided to put all his energy in hockey. At the age of 12, he started box training and he did box training until he had 20. In his first bantam season, he did the AA, He was in good shape because of his boxing training. Because of this, at the end of the year, a midget AAA hockey club, invited him to the camp. He was the last player to be subtracted but the coach told him that his place was reserved for the next season.

Bégin did two years in midget AAA and two year in LHJMQ (Ligue de Hockey Junior Majeur du Québec) with Val d’Or, before being drafted by Calgary in the NHL. He had his first chance in the big league in 1997-1998 season with the Flames.  In 488 regular games in the NHL, he had 52 goals and 48 passes for a total of 100 points. He made 36 points in play-off matches and since his start in the NHL he has spend 539 minutes on the penalty bench.

References

Other websites

1978 births
American Hockey League players
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Calgary Flames players
Dallas Stars players
Living people
Montreal Canadiens players
Nashville Predators players
Val-d'Or Foreurs players
Chenani () is a small town and subdistrict of Udhampur District in Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir
Liliane Gloria "Leelee" Sobieski (born on June 10, 1983 near New York City) is an American actress who has acted in many movies and on television. Her notable motion pictures include Deep Impact (1998) and Public Enemies; she also acted in the 1999 TV movie Joan of Arc. Sobieski was born in 1983, although some sources represent 1982 as her birth date.

Acting career 
Sobieski was first noticed by a talent scout in the cafeteria of a New York City private school. That encounter led to her audition for the role of Claudia in Interview with the Vampire (1994), a role which ultimately went to Kirsten Dunst.  Sobieski portrayed the character of Anna Yates in the 1994 TV movie Reunion starring Marlo Thomas. Next, she played a lead role in A Horse for Danny, a 1995 made-for-television film. In 1997, she snagged her first role in a studio film playing the daughter of Martin Short's character in the Tim Allen comedy Jungle 2 Jungle. In 1999, Sobieski appeared in Stanley Kubrick's Eyes Wide Shut. Recalling acting alongside Tom Cruise, Sobieski stated he was "very kind and considerate with me," and says her most vivid recollection of Stanley Kubrick was that he "genuinely seemed to hold something magic".

Filmography

Actors from New York City
American movie actors
1983 births
Living people