cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Genome editing  is a type of genetic engineering.

DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or "molecular scissors". The nucleases make specific double-strand breaks (DSBs) at desired places in the genome. The cell’s own mechanisms repair the induced break(s) by natural processes. 

At present there are four families of engineered nucleases being used.

To understand the function of a gene or a protein one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way, and watches its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to do site-specific mutation. Therefore more indirect methods have to be used. Examples are: 

Silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA). Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. 

Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN. This is different from siRNA. The engineered nuclease (the enzyme which cuts the DNA) is able to modify DNA-binding. This way it can (in principle) cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce change in sequences for genes which cannot be specifically targeted  by conventional RNAi. 

Genome editing was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year. The technique is already being used, but implanting modified embryos into a woman is not yet permitted.

The CRISPR/Cas9 method 
In 2017 this system was announced as one of the biggest scientific achievements of the year. Cas9 is an enzyme which, with a guide RNA, can put a new sequence of DNA into a genome. Sir John Skehel said "That might allow you to knock out a particular gene in a cell, or introduce a particular gene, or correct a particular mutated gene that you want to work better".

References 

Genetic engineering
Harjit Singh Sajjan PC OMM MSM CD MP (born September 6, 1970) is a Canadian Liberal politician. He was the Canadian Minister of National Defence. Sajjan is also a Member of Parliament representing the Vancouver South riding. He was a decorated lieutenant-colonel in the Canadian Armed Forces. Before becoming a politician he spent 11 years as a police officer and detective.

References 

Living people
Privy Councillors (Canada)
1970 births
Politicians from British Columbia
People from Vancouver
Australian actor and singer Hugh Jackman has won international recognition for his roles in major films, notably as superhero, period, and romance characters.

Film awards

Academy Awards

Australian Film Institute Award

BAFTA Awards

Broadcast Film Critics Association Award

Golden Globe Awards

MTV Movie Awards

Kids' Choice Award

Teen Choice Awards

People's Choice Awards

Saturn Award

Screen Actors Guild Awards

Empire Awards

Miscellaneous awards

Music awards

Grammy Awards

Television awards

Primetime Emmy Awards

Slammy Awards

Theatre awards

Drama Desk Award

Laurence Olivier Award

Tony Awards

Miscellaneous awards

Other accolades
In November 2008, People magazine named Jackman that year's "Sexiest Man Alive."

On 21 April 2009, Jackman had his hand and footprint ceremony at the Grauman's Chinese Theatre.

He was awarded Best Performance By A Human Male award as Wolverine and a joint award for Best Cast award during the 2009 Spike Video Game Awards for the game X-Men Origins: Wolverine.

In December 2012, Jackman received a star on Hollywood's Walk of Fame.

References

[hugh jackman won the golden globe awards in 2013]

Jackman, Hugh
Isometry is a concept of geometry. Isometry means that one shape can be transformed into another, but metrics such as  the arrangement of the points with relation to each other stays the same. Examples for isometric transformations are moving a shape, or rotating it.

Geometry
Skeletal muscle is a form of "striated" (striped) muscle tissue. It is under the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system. Most skeletal muscles are attached to bones by bundles of collagen fibers known as tendons. It is one of three muscle types, the others being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. 

Skeletal muscle is made up of individual muscle cells or myocytes, known as muscle fibres. Muscle fibres do the work when muscles contract. A great deal is known about their structure and how they work. They contract when they get a nerve impulse.

Notes 

Muscle tissue
Chris Stapleton is an American country musician. He is signed to Universal Music Group in Nashville. He has written six number-one songs. Those songs include the five-week number one single "Never Wanted Nothing More" recorded by Kenny Chesney, "Love's Gonna Make It Alright" recorded by George Strait and "Come Back Song" recorded by Darius Rucker.

Singles
"Parachute" (2016)
"Broken Halos" (2017)
"Starting Over" (2020)

Promotional recording
"Tennessee Whiskey" (2015)

Albums 
Traveller (2015)
From A Room: Volume 1 (2017)
From A Room: Volume 2 (2017)
Starting Over (2020)

Related pages 
List of country musicians from Kentucky

References 

Country musicians from Tennessee
1978 births
Living people
A cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is one of the three main types of muscle in vertebrates. It is involuntary: a person cannot control it consciously. Also, it is a striped muscle in the walls of the heart. It makes up the tissue called the myocardium. 

The other types of muscle are the skeletal and smooth muscle. The cells that make up cardiac muscle  have one (74%) or two (24.5%) nuclei. The myocardium forms a thick middle layer between the outer epicardium layer and the inner endocardium layer.

Coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells in the heart force blood out of the atria and ventricles to the blood vessels of the left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems. This mechanism illustrates systole (contraction) of the heart.

Cardiac muscle cells, unlike most other tissues in the body, rely on the coronary arteries to deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products directly. There is no time for them to diffuse.

Problems of the myocardium 
The heart muscle can become sick and weak.  For example, if a person has very high blood pressure (hypertension), part of the heart muscle can get overworked.  The heart muscle becomes bigger and cannot do its job as well.  This is called hypertrophy.

If a person has a problem with the system that controls the heart, the heart muscle may not beat the way it needs to.  It may beat too slowly to get blood out to the body (this is called bradycardia).  Or it may beat so fast that the heart does not have time to fill with blood and then squeeze the blood out to the body.  This is called tachycardia (there are many kinds).

The heart gets blood through the coronary arteries.  These are special blood vessels that carry blood only to the heart.  In order to do its job, the heart muscle needs a constant supply of blood and oxygen from the coronary arteries.  If these coronary arteries get blocked, blood flow to the heart muscle can stop.  Without blood flow, the heart muscle gets no oxygen.  If this lasts long enough, the part of the heart muscle which is not getting enough oxygen dies.  This is called a myocardial infarction, or a heart attack.

References 

Animal tissues
Muscle tissue
The Selimiye Mosque (Turkish: Selimiye Camii) is an Ottoman imperial mosque, which is in  Edirne, Turkey. The mosque was commissioned by Sultan Selim II, and was built by architect Mimar Sinan between 1569 and 1575.

References 

World Heritage Sites in Turkey
Mosques in Turkey
Dylan O'Brien (born August 26, 1991) is an American actor and musician. He is best know for his role as "Stiles" Stilinski in the MTV series Teen Wolf. O'Brien also plays Thomas in the science fiction adventures Maze Runner Series.

Early life 
O'Brien was born in New York City. His parents are Lisa O'Brien, a former actress and Patrick O'Brien, a camera operator. He grew up in Springfield Township, New Jersey. When he was twelve his family moved to Hermosa Beach, California. His father has Irish ancestry. His mother has Italian, English and Spanish ancestry. When he graduated from Mira Costa High School in 2009, he planned to attend Syracuse University as a sport broadcasting major, but he decided to move to Los Angeles to pursue an acting career. At fourteen, O'Brien began to post videos on his Youtube channel. Because of that, a local producer and director discovered him.

Career 
He went to several auditions. After meeting a manager he got one of the main roles in MTV's Teen Wolf, a series based on the 1985 movie of the same name. He was originally planning to audition for the role of Scott, but after reading the script, O'Brien decided to audition for the role of Stiles. In 2013, O'Brien co-starred in the comedy movie The Internship, with Vince Vaughn and Owen Wilson. O'Brien played the lead role as Thomas in The Maze Runner, a movie adaptation of the novel of the same name. They began filming in the summer of 2013. At the end of October 2014, he started filming the sequel Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials in New Mexico. It was released on September  18, 2015 in the United States.

Personal life 
O'Brien was in a relationship with the actress Britt Robertson. They met on the set of The First Time in 2011. In October of 2018, news broke that the couple had split.O'brien is know for keeping his life private from social media. Because of this, there is no news on his current relationship status.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

Other websites 

 Dylan O'Brien profile on MTV

1991 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
Rebecca Soler is an American voice actress who dubbed cartoons and anime for 4Kids Entertainment, Fox, Nickelodeon, Central Park Media and DuArt Film and Video. She grew up in Boston, MA and move it to Sugar Land, Texas. She is sometimes credited under the name "Jessica Paquet".

Voice roles

Animation 
Chaotic - Sarah
Huntik - Sophie Casterwill
Viva Pinata - Ella Elephanilla and Simone Cinnamonkey
Winx Club 
 Tecna (Season 3) (4Kids dub)
 Stella (Season 7) (DuArt Dub)

Anime 
Magical DoRemi - Reanne Griffith
Outlanders - Battia (CPM dub)
Yu-Gi-Oh! Zexal - Hart Tenjo & Kari Tsukumo

Source
Resume 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
Actors from Texas
American voice actors
Fenethylline, the generic name of Captagon, was first produced in the 1960s to treat hyperactivity, narcolepsy, and depression. It was banned in most countries by the 1980s for being too addictive. 

It remains popular in the Middle East and is used as a stimulant in the area to aid in combat. 

The drug is cheap and simple to produce, using ingredients that are easy and often legal to obtain, yet sells for up to $20 a tablet. A Lebanese psychiatrist, Ramzi Haddad, said that Captagon had "the typical effects of a stimulant", producing "a kind of euphoria. You're talkative, you don't sleep, you don't eat, you're energetic."

Drugs
Gunnar Hansen (March 4, 1947 – November 7, 2015) was an Icelandic-American actor and author. He was best known for playing the mentally-ill cannibal Leatherface in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974). 

Hansen was born in Reykjavík, Iceland. He was raised in Maine and in Austin, Texas. He studied at the University of Texas at Austin. Hansen died of pancreatic cancer on November 7, 2015 at the age of 68.

References

Other websites
Gunnar Hansen official web site

1947 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Austin, Texas
The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (franchise)
Actors from Maine
American movie actors
American video game actors
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Disease-related deaths in Maine
Gunnar Hansen
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Gunnar Hansen
Writers from Maine
Writers from Texas
José Ángel Espinoza Aragón (October 2, 1919 – November 6, 2015), also known as Ferrusquilla, was a Mexican singer-songwriter and movie actor. He was the father of actress Angélica Aragón. He also was a composer working with the SACM (Society of Authors and Composers of Mexico)  He was known for his roles in House of Evil and in Two Mules for Sister Sara. He was born in Mazatlán, Sinaloa.

Espinoza died in Mexico City, Mexico from pneumonia, aged 96.

References

Other websites
 

1919 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican singer-songwriters
Sinaloa
Hamilton County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2010 census, the county's population was 274,569. The county seat is Noblesville.

Cities
Carmel
Fishers
Noblesville
Westfield

Towns
Arcadia
Atlanta
Cicero
Sheridan

References

Indiana counties
1823 establishments in Indiana
The 1993 San Marino Grand Prix (known as the 13° Gran Premio di San Marino by the people putting on the race) was a Formula One motor race held on 25 April 1993 at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Imola, Italy. It was the third race of the 1993 Formula One season.

Classification

Qualifying

Race

Standings after the race

Drivers' Championship standings

Constructors' Championship standings

Other websites 

San Marino Grand Prix
San Marino Grand Prix
1990s in Italy
Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) Flight 182 was a Boeing 727-214 commercial airliner, registration,  that crashed with a private Cessna 172 light aircraft over San Diego, California on September 25, 1978. 

It was Pacific Southwest Airlines' first fatal accident. The death toll of 144 makes it the deadliest aircraft disaster in California history. Until the crash of American Airlines Flight 191, it was also the deadliest plane crash in U.S. aviation history.

Both aircraft crashed into North Park, a San Diego neighborhood, killing all 137 people on both aircraft and seven people on the ground in houses, including two children. Nine others on the ground were injured and 22 homes were destroyed or damaged by the impact and the spreading of debris.

Other websites
Article about Flight 182  on PSA History Page
PSA Flight 182 & 1771 Memorial Page at The PSA History Museum
San Diego magazine 20th anniversary article about the PSA Disaster - Archived copy from www.archive.org
"Death Over San Diego", Time Magazine, October 9, 1978 
TV Channel 10 (in San Diego) 25th Anniversary article with eyewitness accounts 

1978 in California
Aviation disasters in the 1970s
History of San Diego, California
Aviation disasters in the United States
September events
Thomas William "Tom" Graveney OBE (16 June 1927 – 3 November 2015) was a leading English cricketer. He represented his country in 79 Test matches and scoring over 4,800 runs. In a career lasting from 1948 to 1972, he was the 15th person to score one hundred first-class centuries, and the first post-war player to do so.

Early life
Graveney was born in Riding Mill, Hexham, Northumberland on 16 June 1927. His brother was Ken Graveney, also a cricketer. Graveney studied at the Bristol Grammar School.

Career
He played for Gloucestershire and Worcestershire, and helped Worcestershire win the county championship for the first time in their history. His achievements for England after being recalled in 1966 have been described as "the stuff of legend." Graveney was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1953, captained England on one occasion and was awarded the OBE while still playing.

In later life he worked as a cricket commentator for BBC Television and was the first former professional to be President of the Marylebone Cricket Club.  He was one of the first 55 players inducted to the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame in 2009.

Personal life
Graveney was married to Jackie Graveney from 1952 until her death of Alzheimer's disease in 2013. Graveney's brother, Ken, died on 25 October 2015. A week after his brother's death, Graveney died on 3 November 2015 from Parkinson's disease at the age of 88.

References

Other websites

 ESPN Cricket biography
 Cricket Archive biography

1927 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
English cricketers
Sportspeople from Northumberland
A very common programming language for accessing a database is called SQL. Many of these databases use the mathematical concept of relations to store the data. NoSQL is a term for databases that do not use relations, to store the data. Relational databases have the benefit of being able to guarantee that all the data stored in the database is consistent. The drawback of this is that the cost of indexing the data grows with the amount of data. 

NoSQL approaches do not give strong guarantees about consistency, but they are able to better handle the situations where relational database systems have problems coping.

NoSQL is a non-relational DBMS, that does not require a fixed schema, avoid joins, and is easy to scale.

The purpose of using a NoSQL database is for distributed data stores with humongous data storage needs.

NoSQL is used for Big data and real-time web apps. For example, companies like twitter, Facebook, google collect terabytes of user data every single day.

Database modeling
Rhea Chiles (December 1, 1930 – November 8, 2015) was an American philanthropist and writer. She was the former First Lady of the State of Florida serving from 1991 to 1998. She was married to the late Governor Lawton Chiles. 

In 1998, Chiles founded The Lawton Chiles Foundation, which carries on the commitment of her husband to benefit the lives of children in Florida. In 2009, Chiles was designated a Distinguished Floridian by the Florida Economics Club at an event hosted by former Florida Supreme Court Justice Major B. Harding and keynoted by former United States Senator Sam Nunn. 

Chiles died from a long-illness at her home in Anna Maria Islands, Florida at the age of 84.

References

1930 births
2015 deaths
American philanthropists
Disease-related deaths in Florida
Writers from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
University of Florida alumni
Charles Duncan Michener (September 22, 1918 – November 1, 2015) was an American entomologist. He was born in Pasadena, California. He was a leading expert on bees, his magnum opus being The Bees of the World.

References

His books
 Michener, C. D. (1974). The Social Behavior of the Bees. Harvard University Press. 404 pp.
 Michener, C. D. (2000). The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. 913 pp.

1918 births
2015 deaths
Scientists from Pasadena, California
Writers from Pasadena, California
Maduluwawe Sobitha Thero (; 29 May 1942 –  8 November 2015) was a Sinhalese Buddhist Bikku. He was a well-known socialist and social justice activist. He was a Buddhist style non-violent revolutionary and he led campaigns that toppled the Sri-Lankan government on several occasions. He was the chief monk of the Kotte Naga Vihara. He played a key role to bring a new government in 2015 defeating Mahinda Rajapaksa, where he supported a common candidate Maithripala Sirisena for presidency, and Ranil Wickremesinghe to form a new government.    

Ven Sobitha died at the age of 73 on 8 November 2015 from multiple organ failure at the Mount Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore.

References

1942 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Sri Lankan people
Buddhists
Socialists
Activists
Skandagupta () (died 467) was a Gupta Emperor of northern India. People do not know who his ancestors were. He faced some of the greatest challenges in the annals of the empire having to contend with the Pushyamitras and the Hunas (a name by which the "White Huns" were known in India). He died in 467.

Indian monarchs
Emperors and empresses
467 deaths
Year of birth missing
The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie is the 1962 debut album by Stevie Wonder (then known as "Little Stevie Wonder") on the Tamla (a label owned by Motown) label. Wonder was eleven years old when it was released. It was also the first album Wonder released in 1962, the second was Tribute to Uncle Ray.

Background
This is Wonder's only studio album in which he does not sing; he plays on percussion, the keyboard, and the harmonica.  Wonder's mentors Clarence Paul and Henry Cosby wrote and produced the songs on The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie Wonder, with Wonder also co-writing two of the songs on the album.

Track listing

Side one
"Fingertips" (Henry Cosby, Clarence Paul) – 3:00
"The Square" (Cosby, Paul) – 3:03
"Soul Bongo" (Marvin Gaye, Paul) – 2:20
"Manhattan at Six" (Cosby, Paul) – 3:47
"Paulsby" (Cosby, Paul) – 2:47

Side two
"Some Other Time" (Cosby, Paul) – 5:11
"Wondering" (Paul, Stevie Wonder) – 2:51
"Session Number 112" (Paul, Wonder) – 3:18
"Bam" (Berry Gordy, Jr.) – 3:34

References

1960s albums
Debut albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Jazz albums
Tribute to Uncle Ray is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder (then known as "Little Stevie Wonder") . It was released in October 1962, not long after Wonder's debut album The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie, which was also released in 1962.

Background
The album was released to match the success of Ray Charles who was also a blind African American R&B singer.

Track listing
All songs composed by Ray Charles, except where indicated.

"Hallelujah I Love Her So"
"Ain't That Love"
"Don't You Know"
"The Masquerade" (Herbert Magidson, Allie Wrubel)
"Frankie & Johnny" (Traditional)
"Drown in My Own Tears" (Henry Glover)
"Come Back Baby"
"Mary Ann"
"Sunset" (Stevie Wonder, Clarence Paul)
"My Baby's Gone" (Berry Gordy, Jr.)

References

1960s albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Jazz albums
Davidson County is a county located in middle Tennessee. The state capitol, Nashville, is in Davidson County and is the county seat. As of the 2010 census, the county's population was 626,681 people.

Tennessee counties
Recorded Live: The 12 Year Old Genius is the first live album by Stevie Wonder (then known as "Little Stevie Wonder") . The album was released on the Tamla record label on May 31, 1963. It was also the first album that Wonder released in 1963, the second was With a Song in My Heart.

Track listing 
"Fingertips" (Henry Cosby, Clarence Paul) – 6:40
"Soul Bongo" (Marvin Gaye, Paul) – 3:01
"La La La La La" (Paul) – 2:34
"(I'm Afraid) The Masquerade Is Over" (Herbert Magidson, Allie Wrubel) – 5:13
"Hallelujah I Love Her So" (Ray Charles) – 2:48
"Drown in My Own Tears" (Henry Glover) – 3:23
"Don't You Know" (Charles, Berry Gordy) – 3:19

Chart positions

References 

1963 albums
Live CD
R&B albums
Soul albums
Jazz albums
This is a list of bridges in Azerbaijan.

Historic bridges

Modern bridges

Related pages
List of bridges

Notes

Buildings and structures in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
The McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) AV-8B Harrier II is a single-engine ground-attack aircraft. It is the second generation of the Harrier Jump Jet family. It is capable of vertical or short takeoff and landing (V/STOL). The aircraft was designed in the late 1970s as an Anglo-American development of the British Hawker Siddeley Harrier, the first operational V/STOL aircraft. It can hover like a helicopter but can also fly like a jet at near supersonic speeds. It is named after the a bird of prey. It is primarily used on light attack or multi-role missions. These range from close air support of ground troops to armed reconnaissance. The AV-8B is used by the United States Marine Corps (USMC), the Spanish Navy, and the Italian Navy. A variant of the AV-8B, the British Aerospace Harrier II, was developed for the British military. Another is the TAV-8B, is a dedicated two-seat trainer.

The project that eventually led to the AV-8B's creation started in the early 1970s. It was a cooperative effort between the United States and United Kingdom (UK). it was aimed at working on solving the problems of the first-generation Harrier. Early efforts centered on a larger, more powerful Pegasus engine to improve the Harrier's performance. The UK dropped out of the project in 1975.

Following the withdrawal of the UK, McDonnell Douglas extensively redesigned the earlier AV-8A Harrier to create the AV-8B. While retaining the general layout of its predecessor, the aircraft uses a new wing, an elevated cockpit, a redesigned fuselage, one extra hardpoint per wing, and other structural and aerodynamic changes. The aircraft is powered by an upgraded version of the Pegasus, which gives the aircraft its V/STOL ability. The AV-8B made its maiden flight in November 1981 and entered service with the USMC in January 1985. Later upgrades added a night-attack capability and radar. This resulted in the AV-8B(NA) and AV-8B Harrier II Plus, respectively. An enlarged version named Harrier III was also studied, but was not built. The UK, through British Aerospace, re-joined the improved Harrier project as a partner in 1981. After corporate mergers in the 1990s, Boeing and BAE Systems have jointly supported the program. Approximately 340 aircraft were produced in a 22-year production program that ended in 2003.

References 

Military aircraft
Pevensey is a village and civil parish in the Wealden district of East Sussex, England. The main village is located 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Eastbourne, one mile (1.6 km) inland from Pevensey Bay.  The settlement of  Pevensey Bay forms part of the parish. It was here that William the Conqueror first landed on and invaded England in 1066 after crossing the English Channel from Normandy, France.

Name
The name Pevensey was first recorded in 947 as Pefenesea, meaning "River of [a man named] Pefen". It comes from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Pefen plus eã, meaning "river". This is probably a reference to the now largely silted-up marshes.

History

In the 290s the Romans built a fort at Pevensey, which they named Anderitum. In 471 Saxons attacked Pevensey and the fort was abandoned for centuries. When William the Conqueror invaded England in September 1066, he landed at Pevensey. The bay provided a safe haven for his fleet of 700 ships. The English army had been awaiting Duke William's arrival on the south coast all summer. With supplies running short King Harold allowed his soldiers to return home. When Harald Hardrada the king of Norway invaded northern England in late September, King Harold gathered his army and moved north to York, 250 miles away, to meet the invaders. William, meanwhile, moved his army and fleet to Hastings and built a castle while he awaited Harold and his army. 

After the Battle of Hastings the Roman fort at Pevensey was occupied by the Normans. It was given to Robert, Count of Mortain (William's half brother). Robert de Mortain built his castle there. The castle was besieged several times during the 11th–13th centuries. Queen Elizabeth I ordered that it be demolished but the order was ignored. As late as 1942 small additions were made to the castle for the defence of Britain. It became a lookout over the channel for German aircraft during World War II. Today the castle is in the upkeep of English Heritage.

References 

Villages in England
Deem Bristow (April 11 1947 - January 15 2005) was an American actor and voice actor who has done various voice roles in animated shows and video games. He was best known for his role as Dr. Eggman in the Sonic the Hedgehog video game series from 1998 to 2004.

Death
Bristow died on January 15, 2005 in  San Diego, California at the age of 57. His cause of death was confirmed as heart failure.

Filmography

Film
Freeway - TV interviewer
Glitch! - Newscaster
I Am Joe's Ear - Joe
Problem Child - Additional voices
Terminal Exposure - Anchorman

Television
Paranoia Agent - Masami Hirukawa
Rumic Theater: Mermaid Forest - Flower Shop Owner, Manager Hosoda
R.O.D the TV - Old Man, Chief Researcher
Quantum Leap - King
Spirit of Wonder: China-san no yûutsu - Breckenridge
Texhnolyze - The Sage Of Gabe

Video games
Angel Devoid: Face of the Enemy - Dr. Silvanus, Rev. Gold
Blue Stinger - Dogs Bower
Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth - Jack's Father, Cult Member, Cutter Urania Navigation Officer
D2 - Additional voices
Dark Seed - Additional voices
Diablo II - Meshif
Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas - Kenny Sinclair
Dungeon Lords - Galdryn, Lord Graemare, Urcula
High Seize - Black Barlow, Crimson Bob, Ezekiel Wiggins
Sonic Advance 3 - Dr. Eggman
Sonic Adventure - Dr. Eggman
Sonic Adventure 2 - Dr. Eggman
Sonic Battle - Dr. Eggman
Sonic Heroes - Dr. Eggman
Sonic Riders - Dr. Eggman (archive footage)
Sonic Shuffle - Dr. Eggman

References

Other websites

1947 births
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American voice actors
2005 deaths
Daniel Jorge Castellani (born 21 March 1961) is a former Argentine volleyball player and coach, a member of Argentina men's national volleyball team in 1976-1988, bronze medalist of the Olympic Games Seoul 1988, a participant of the Olympic Games Los Angeles 1984, head coach of Sir Safety Perugia.

1961 births
Living people
Argentine volleyball players
Volleyball coaches
Jacqueline Marie "Jackie" Evancho ( ; born April 9, 2000) is an American classical crossover singer. Evancho plays piano, flute, and is also a songwriter. She gained wide recognition at an early age. Since 2009, Evancho has released an EP and five studio albums. She has one platinum and one gold album. Evancho has even performed at Carnegie Hall.

Between 2008 and 2010, Evancho entered several talent competitions. She made singing appearances, mostly in Pennsylvania. She also attracted interest on YouTube. In 2010, at age ten, she gained wider popularity with her performances in the fifth season of the America's Got Talent competition. She finished in second place behind Michael Grimm. Evancho starred in the 2012 movie "The Company You Keep" with Robert Redford.

References 

American child singers
Singers from Pennsylvania
American pop singers
2000 births
Living people
Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
American Roman Catholics
American child actors
American movie actors
American opera singers
Musicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Sopranos
Arden Hayes (born January 30, 2008) is a middle school student from Southern California, United States. Because of his great knowledge of American presidents, he became famous at the age of five, in addition to reciting Lincoln's Gettysburg Address and being able to identify the countries of the worlds and their capitals.

His interest in  American presidents, started when he was learning about who was born on his birthday, and he realized that he was born the same day that Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

On July 2, 2013, Arden appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live! to demonstrate his knowledge of the U.S. presidents. On November 5, 2013, Arden appeared again on Jimmy Kimmel Live!, and this time showed his knowledge of the countries of the world and their capitals, in addition to decline a free Sony Xperia Tablet Z because he preferred to wait until Christmas to receive an Apple iPad. He appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live! for third time on April 2, 2014, to show his knowledge of the  elements in the periodic table.

References 

2008 births
Living people
People from California
Child prodigies
Patrick James John "Pat" Eddery (18 March 1952 – 10 November 2015) was an Irish flat racing jockey and horse trainer. He was born in Newbridge, County Kildare.

He rode three winners of the Epsom Derby, and was Champion Jockey eleven times. He is co-holder of the record for most wins in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. He rode the winners of 4,632 British flat races, a figure passed only by Sir Gordon Richards.

Eddery died on 10 November 2015 from cirrhosis, aged 63. He had long battled alcoholism.

References

1952 births
2015 deaths
County Kildare
Deaths from cirrhosis
Equestrians

Sportspeople from the Republic of Ireland
Allen Toussaint (; January 14, 1938 – November 10, 2015) was an American musician, songwriter-composer, record producer, and influential figure in New Orleans R&B.

Many of Toussaint's songs became familiar through cover versions by other musicians, including "Working in the Coal Mine", "Ride Your Pony", "Fortune Teller", "Play Something Sweet", "Southern Nights", "Everything I Do Gonna Be Funky", "I'll Take a Melody", "Get Out of My Life, Woman" and "Mother-in-Law".

Early life
Toussaint was born in Gert Town, New Orleans. He was raised in Gert Town and in New Orleans. His mother was Naomi Neville.

Career 
In 1960, Toussaint was hired as a record producer by a label in New Orleans.  He was also looking for new talent to sign to the label, named Minit Records. Toussaint played piano, wrote, and produced many hit records in the early and mid 1960s for New Orleans R&B artists.    Some examples are:
Jessie Hill's "Ooh Poo Pah Doo"
Ernie K-Doe's "Mother-in-Law", written by Toussaint
Chris Kenner's "I Like It Like That"
"Ruler of My Heart", recorded by Irma Thomas. This song was later recorded  again by Otis Redding (with the title "Pain in My Heart"), and by The Rolling Stones on their second album.
 In 1964, "A Certain Girl" (originally by Ernie K-Doe) was the B-side of the first single by The Yardbirds; the song was released again in 1980 by Warren Zevon.

Honors 

In 1998, Toussaint was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame  and in 2009 into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame.  On May 9, 2011, he was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame.

In 2013 he was awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Barack Obama.

Death 
Toussaint died while touring in Madrid, Spain after suffering a heart attack at his hotel, aged 77.

Toussaint’s two marriages ended in divorce. He is survived by his two children, son Clarence (better known as Reginald) and daughter Alison, and by several grandchildren. His children had managed his career in recent years.

References

Other websites 

 
Audio interview with Allen Toussaint on the Sodajerker On Songwriting podcast
Allen Toussaint profile, NPR.org; accessed October 5, 2014. 
Allen Toussaint profile, discogs.com; accessed October 5, 2014. 
[ Allen Toussaint profile], allmusic.com; accessed October 5, 2014. 
Allen Toussaint NYNO Records profile, nynorecords.com; accessed October 5, 2014. 
 List of chart records written by Toussaint, MusicVF.com, accessed November 11, 2015
Allen Toussaint profile , preshallben.tumblr.com, October 5, 2014.

1938 births
2015 deaths
African American musicians
American blues musicians
American composers
American jazz musicians
American pianists
American R&B musicians
American record producers
American songwriters
American soul musicians
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Madrid
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Musicians from New Orleans, Louisiana
Laurent Vidal (18 February 1984 – 10 November 2015) was a French professional triathlete, three time French Champion (2009, 2011 and 2012) and two time Olympian. In Beijing 2008 he placed 36th while he took the 5th place in London 2012. He was born in Sete.

On 10 November 2015, Vidal died at the age of 31 after a heart attack in Gigean.

References

1984 births
2015 deaths
2008 Summer Olympics
2012 Summer Olympics
Cardiovascular disease deaths in France
Deaths from myocardial infarction
French Olympians

People from Occitanie
André Glucksmann (; 19 June 1937 – 10 November 2015) was a French philosopher, activist and writer. He was a member of the French new philosophers.

Early life
Glucksmann was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France to a Jewish family. He studied at the École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud in Lyon, France.

Career
Glucksmann became well-known during the 1970s for his support of the Vietnamese boat people. He was an outspoken critic of Nazism and communism.

Later in life, he was known for his views and beliefs of the September 11 attacks. He wrote a book about how god had nothing to do with the 9/11 attacks called Dostoyevsky in Manhattan. Glucksmann supported military action in Afghanistan and Iraq. He was highly critical of Russian foreign policy, supporting a call for Chechen independence.

In August 2008 he co-signed an open letter with Václav Havel, Desmond Tutu, and Wei Jingsheng calling upon the Chinese authorities to respect human rights both during and after the Beijing Olympic Games.

Death
Glucksmann died of cancer on 10 November 2015 in Paris, France, aged 78.

References

Other websites

 
 Philosopher André Glucksmann: A Dark Vision of the Future of Europe

1937 births
2015 deaths
20th-century French philosophers
21st-century philosophers
Anti-Communists
Cancer deaths in France
Holocaust survivors
Jewish activists
Jewish French scientists
Jewish French writers
Writers from Ile-de-France
An appellate court, commonly called an appeals court, court of appeals (American English), appeal court (British English), court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that hears an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal. In most jurisdictions, the court system is divided into at least three levels. The trial court, which initially hears cases and reviews evidence and testimony to determine the facts of the case. There is at least one intermediate appellate court. The top level is a supreme court (or court of last resort) which primarily reviews the decisions of the intermediate courts. A jurisdiction's supreme court is that jurisdiction's highest appellate court. Appellate courts nationwide can operate by varying rules.

The authority of appellate courts to review decisions of lower courts varies widely from one jurisdiction to another. In some places, the appellate court has limited powers of review.  "Generally speaking, an appellate court's judgment provides 'the final directive of the appeals courts as to the matter appealed, setting out with specificity the court's determination that the action appealed from should be affirmed, reversed, remanded or modified'".

References 

Law
Legal terms
Itimous Thaddeus "Tim" Valentine, Jr. (March 15, 1926 – November 10, 2015), generally known as Tim Valentine, was an American lawyer and politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina from 1983 to 1995.

He was in the United States Air Force from 1944 to 1946.

Valentine died at his home in Rocky Mount, North Carolina on November 10, 2015 from heart failure at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
U.S. Congress Biographical Directory entry
NC Spin profile 

1926 births
2015 deaths
American Baptists
Lawyers from North Carolina
American military personnel of World War II
Cardiovascular disease deaths in North Carolina
Deaths from heart failure
United States representatives from North Carolina
US Democratic Party politicians
People from Rocky Mount, North Carolina
"Photograph" is a song recorded by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran for his second studio album, x (2014). Sheeran co-wrote the song with Snow Patrol member Johnny McDaid.

"Photograph" served as the fifth and final single from the album. It reached the top five on the main singles charts in more than five countries. In the US, where it peaked at number ten, "Photograph" became the third single from the album to have reached within the top ten. In the UK, it reached number 15 and has since been certified platinum for sales of 600,000 units. The single has also been certified double platinum in Australia and Canada, and platinum in New Zealand. 

The single's release on 11 May 2015 followed the premiere of the music video on 9 May 2015.

Other websites
2015 songs
Ed Sheeran songs
The Line of Actual Control (LAC) is the effective border between India and China. The LAC is 4,057-km long and traverses three areas of northern Indian states: western (Ladakh, Kashmir), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh). Quote: "India is used to incursions by Chinese troops across the 4,057-km LAC in all the three sectors—western (Ladakh), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh)— in a bid to strengthen China's claim over disputed areas and ensure New Delhi does not change its Tibet policy."

Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai used the phrase in a letter addressed to Indian Prime Minister Nehru dated October 24, 1959. In a letter dated November 7, Zhou told Nehru that the LAC consisted of "the so-called McMahon Line in the east and the line up to which each side exercises actual control in the west". During the Sino-Indian War (1962), Nehru claimed not to know where the line was: "There is no sense or meaning in the Chinese offer to withdraw twenty kilometers from what they call 'line of actual control'. What is this 'line of control'? Is this the line they have created by aggression since the beginning of September? Advancing forty or sixty kilometers by blatant military aggression and offering to withdraw twenty kilometers provided both sides do this is a deceptive device which can fool nobody."  It should be noted that these incursions were in response to India's "forward policy" in which India began to contest areas controlled by China, including some that were not included in the McMahon Line.

References

Kashmir
Territorial disputes of China
Wrongful death is a claim  against a person who may be held liable for another person's death. A wrongful death lawsuits may be based on claims of negligence, misconduct, or a criminal act such as murder.

If the person accused of causing a wrongful death is charged with a crime, the wrongful death lawsuit may be filed after a criminal trial. It is possible to win a wrongful death lawsuit even if the person is acquitted of a crime that caused the death, because even though both trials may use the same evidence a wrongful death case has a lower standard of proof.

The claim is brought in a civil action, usually by close relatives, based on tort laws. Common law did not allow for wrongful deatlh lawsuits, as the right to bring a wrongful death claim belonged to the deceased person and died along with that person. In the United States, state and federal laws now allow for wrongful death cases in all U.S.jurisdictions.

Damages 
In law, damages are an award of  compensation, usually of money, paid to a person who has suffered a loss or injury. Damages for wrongful death may include:

 Loss of future earnings
 Loss of Benefits
 Loss of companionship
 Pain, suffering and/or mental anguish
 medical bills, funeral costs

Some states also allow recovery of punitive damages, an additional award that is intended to reform or deter the defendant and others from doing the same thing again. When available, punitive damages are normally awarded only for the most extreme cases, involving gross negligence, recklessness or intentional acts that result in death.

Sources

Law
Legal terms
Up Tight (also known as Up-Tight Everything's Alright) is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder. It was released on May 4, 1966 by Tamla. The album reached No.33 on the Billboard Pop Album charts and No.2 on the R&B Albums charts. The album has the popular hit "Uptight (Everything's Alright)".

Track listing 
"Love a Go Go" (Beth Beatty, Ernie Shelby) - 2:46
"Hold Me" (Morris Broadnax, Clarence Paul, Wonder) - 2:36
"Blowin' in the Wind" (Bob Dylan) - 3:46(additional vocals by Clarence Paul)
"Nothing's Too Good for My Baby" (Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, William Stevenson) - 2:39
"Teach Me Tonight" (Sammy Cahn, Gene De Paul) - 2:39(additional vocals by The Four Tops)
"Uptight (Everything's Alright)" (Wonder, Moy, Cosby) - 2:54
"Ain't That Asking for Trouble" (Moy, Paul, Wonder) - 2:49
"I Want My Baby Back" (Harvey Fuqua, Cornelius Grant, Eddie Kendricks, Norman Whitfield) - 2:49
"Pretty Little Angel" (Paul, Mike Valvano, Wonder) - 2:12
"Music Talk" (Ted Hull, Paul, Wonder) - 2:52
"Contract on Love" (Janie Bradford, Lamont Dozier, Brian Holland) - 2:06
"With a Child's Heart" (Vicky Basemore, Cosby, Moy) - 3:08

References 

1966 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Penza Oblast (, Penzenskaya oblast) is a  administrative division of Russia.

Geography

Penza Oblast has over 3000 rivers; the overall length is 15,458 km. In the waters of the Oblast, there are about 50 species of fish.

History
The regional center of Penza was built in 1663 as a Russian fortress.

Economy
Penza Oblast is a part of the Volga economic region.

People 
Population of this oblast: 1,386,186 (2010).

Ethnic composition (2010):
 Russians - 86.8%
 Tatars - 6.4%
 others - 6.8%

Notable people 
 Aristarkh Lentulov, avant-garde artist
 Victor Skumin, philosopher, writer, psychologist, psychiatrist, psychotherapist, and medical doctor.

Related pages
 Russia

References

Other websites 
People born in Penza Oblast

Oblasts of Russia
Politics
Legal liability is the legal responsibility a person has for their actions. It includes the responsibility to compensate another person for any harm or damages caused to them. Legal liability includes lawful obligations required by civil actions or torts. It can also include terms set by a contract, taxes, or fines given by government agencies.

To win a civil lawsuit the plaintiff must prove the defendant's legal liability. This requires proving the defendant failed to act in some way that caused harm to the plaintiff. To succeed the plaintiff must also show the connection of how a failure to act caused him or her injury or harm.

References

Law
Legal terms
Phil "Philthy Animal" Taylor (21 September 1954 – 11 November 2015) was a English rock drummer in the British heavy metal band Motörhead from 1975–1984 and 1987-1992 recording ten studio albums and the live album No Sleep 'til Hammersmith. The classic mark IV Motörhead line-up consisted of Lemmy, Philthy Animal Taylor and Fast Eddie Clarke.

Taylor died in London of liver failure on 11 November 2015 at the age of 61.

Discography

Motörhead
On Parole (1975/1979)
Motörhead (1977)
Overkill (1979)
Bomber (1979)
Ace of Spades (1980)
No Sleep 'til Hammersmith (1981)
Iron Fist (1982)
Another Perfect Day (1983)
Rock 'n' Roll (1987)
1916 (1991)
March ör Die (1992)

Other recordings
The Muggers (album) The Muggers Tapes Live recording from a brief spell of about 4 gigs Phil drummed with Fast Eddie Clarke on guitar, John 'Speedy' Keen, also on guitar, and Billy Wrath on bass. The album was released as a 'bonus' to a 'Best of Motorhead' release.
Philthy Phil & Fast Eddie (album) Naughty Old Santa's Christmas Classics (1989)
GMT One By One 12" single (1989)
GMT War Games CD release of same tracks + one other (1991)
The Deviants Have Left The Planet (album) drummed with Ladbroke Grove pals Mick Farren on vocals, Larry Wallis on guitar, etc. (1999)
Sheep In Wolves' Clothing Motorheadbangers fan club tribute CD. The Deviants Mick Farren vocals, Andy Colquhoun, guitar, David Ito, bass and Philthy, drums; re-recorded the Motorhead / Farren song 'Lost Johnny' for the CD - released 7 April 2008.

Other appearances
Taylor appears, dressed in drag, part way through the Girlschool promotional video for their song "Yeah, Right".
Classic Albums - Ace Of Spades DVD. Taylor is in interview and playing drums on several of the Ace Of Spades albums classic tracks.

References

Other websites
 Phil Taylor at MySpace
 The Web of Spider at MySpace

1954 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from liver failure
Disease-related deaths in London
English rock drummers
People from Derbyshire
Down to Earth is the sixth studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder, released on November 16, 1966 on the Tamla label. It was his second album to have been released in 1966, as Up-Tight had been released earlier on in the year.

Track listing

Side One
"A Place in the Sun" (Ron Miller, Bryan Wells) 2:52
"Bang Bang" (Sonny Bono) 2:42
"Down to Earth" (Ron Miller, Avery Vanderberg) 2:50
"Thank You Love" (Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Wonder) 2:55
"Be Cool, Be Calm (And Keep Yourself Together)" (Cosby, Moy, Wonder) 2:43
"Sylvia" (Cosby, Moy, Wonder) 2:34

Side Two
"My World Is Empty Without You" (Holland-Dozier-Holland) 2:53
"The Lonesome Road" (Gene Austin, Nat Shilkret) 3:06
"Angel Baby (Don't You Ever Leave Me)" (Cosby, Moy) 2:45
"Mr. Tambourine Man" (Bob Dylan) 2:30
"Sixteen Tons" (Merle Travis) 2:42
"Hey Love" (Morris Broadnax, Clarence Paul, Wonder) 2:41

Personnel

Stevie Wonder – harmonica, keyboards, drums, percussion, vocals 
The Originals - backing vocals
The Andantes - backing vocals
Benny Benjamin – drums
James Jamerson – bass
The Funk Brothers – instrumentation
Clarence Paul and Henry Cosby – producers

References 

1966 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums