cahya/simple-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Marine Le Pen (; born Marion Anne Perrine Le Pen; 5 August 1968) is a French politician. She was the leader of the National Front (FN) political party from 2011 until her resignation in 2017. She is a lawyer. She is the youngest daughter of Jean-Marie Le Pen, who was leader of FN for many years. She is the aunt of Marion Maréchal-Le Pen.

Le Pen unsuccessfully ran for President of France in the 2017 election, losing to Emmanuel Macron in the second round. She is running again in the 2022 election.

Biography 
Marine Le Pen and her family has been the target of an assassination attempt in 1976 when she was 8 years old. She has studied law at Panthéon-Assas University and has become a barrister. She joined the National Front in 1998 and rose to prominence, being elected in several positions such as Member of the European Parliament in 2004, to finally succeed to her father at the head of the party in 2011.

Since that, Le Pen has led a movement of "de-demonisation of the National Front" (in reference to her father's nickname "The Devil of the Republic") in order to detoxify it and soften its image. She is considered to be far more republican and democratic than her controversial and nationalist father. Her success is also based on a renovated political speech and a renewed team. She got the best FN score at the 2012 French presidential election and her party have progressed in next elections until shoving the traditional bipartisan between right and left wings in France.

She has been ranked among the most influential people in the 2011 and 2015 Time 100.

References 

1968 births
Living people
French Roman Catholics
French lawyers
MEPs for France
National Front (France) politicians
Leaders of political parties
Politicians from Ile-de-France
Women lawyers
Tenualosa ilisha (ilish, hilsa, hilsa herring or hilsa shad) is a species of fish in the  Clupeidae (herring) family. 

It is a popular food dish in South India, East India and in the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The fish contributes about 12% of the total fish production and about 1% of GDP (money earned) in Bangladesh. About 450,000 people are directly involved with catching it for a living. About four to five million people are involved in the trade.

It is also the National fish of Bangladesh. Other names include: palla fish, hilsha, ellis, ilish, (Bengali:ইলিশ): ilish, (Oriya:ଇଲିଶି): ilishii, Sindhī: پلو مڇي pallu machhi, (Telugu:పులస): pulasa or polasa.

References

Fish
Clupeiformes
National symbols of Bangladesh
The diatonic scale is one of the scales used in music. It is also called heptatonic scale, because it uses seven distinct pitch classes or tones. For each octave there are five whole steps and two half steps. The two half steps are separated by two or three whole steps.  The word "diatonic" comes from the Greek , meaning progressing through tones.

The seven pitches of any diatonic scale can be obtained using a chain of six perfect fifths. An example of this would be  the seven natural pitches which form the C-major scale. It can be constructed from a stack of perfect fifths starting from F:
F—C—G—D—A—E—B
This property of the diatonic scale is called Pythagorean tuning. It was historically relevant and contributed to the worldwide diffusion of diatonic scales, because it allowed musicians to tune musical instruments easily by ear.

Any sequence of seven successive natural notes, such as C-D-E-F-G-A-B, and all transpositions, are diatonic scales. Piano keyboards are designed to play natural notes, which are diatonic scales, with their white keys. A diatonic scale can be also described as two tetrachords separated by a whole tone.

The term diatonic originally referred to the diatonic genus, one of the three genera of the ancient Greeks. In musical set theory, Allen Forte classifies diatonic scales as set form 7–35.

The following scales are diatonic:
 Modes, mainly used in  Church music
 The altered scale, which is widely used for Jazz music
 harmonic minor or the melodic minor.

Examples of scales that are not diatonic are whole-tone scales, as well as the gypsy scales, which are often used for folk music.

Other websites
 Diatonic Scale on Eric Weisstein's Treasure trove of Music
 The diatonic scale on the guitar

References

Music theory
Deepto TV () is a private HD television channel in Bangladesh. The channel started broadcasting on 18 November 2015. The channel has daily drama serials. It also shows Bengali-dubbed programs from other countries
.

References

Other websites 
website

 

Television channels in India
2015 establishments in Asia
21st-century establishments in Bangladesh
Vanessa Chantal Paradis (born 22 December 1972) is a French singer, model and actress.

She became a child star at age of 14 with the great worldwide success of her single "Joe le taxi". Since 1991, she has been a spokesmodel for Chanel. She was in a relationship with American actor Johnny Depp from 1998 to 2012, and they have two children: Lily-Rose and John "Jack" Christopher Depp III. She is also the older sister of Alysson Paradis, who is also an actress.

Other websites 

 
 Vanessa Paradis at Universal Music
 
 

1972 births
Living people
French actors
Child actors
Child singers
French models
French singers
French musicians
The Database of Macromolecular Motions is a bioinformatics computer database on the Internet. It attempts to divide motions of protein and some RNA biological molecules into different types.

Description 
It was originally made by Mark B. Gerstein, Werner G. Krebs and Nat Echols in the molecular biophysics and biochemistry group at Yale University. People can use an Internet page to search this computer database for a particular motion by either the protein name or Protein Data Bank number. However, many people find this computer database by just coming over from the Internet page for the protein entry at the Protein Data Bank. For proteins found in both computer databases, this different computer database often gives a link back to the Internet page for the protein on this Internet site.

The computer database includes an Internet tool or free Software as a service (the "Morph server") which lets 
non-experts see certain protein motions through the generation of short motion pictures. The motion pictures are made automatically by computer software on the Internet site. When done the Internet site sends an email with the motion picture information back to the user.

The "Morph Server" tool was originally a research tool rather than a tool for making motion pictures, and thus offered
only limited user control over rendering, color, and point of view, and the original method
sometimes required a fair amount of computer time to complete. Since the site's
initial introduction in 1996, the Internet site has been made better
to try to fix some of these issues as well
as add new things.
Other people have now made alternative systems, such as MovieMaker  from the University of Alberta.

References

Other websites 
The Database of Macromolecular Motions (molmovdb)
Book Chapter on Protein Motions  from website of RH Austin at Princeton University

Proteins
Databases
Sebastian Fabian Hoffner, known by his nickname Buckshot Hoffner (January 20, 1924 – December 17, 2015), was an American politician. He was a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives and North Dakota State Senate for 18 years in total. 

He was born and raised in Esmond, North Dakota. He was a veteran of World War II. Hoffner served as a Democrat in three separate stints in the House of Representatives: from 1962 to 1966, 1968 to 1972 and 1983 to 1984 in addition to serving as the House's minority leader in the 1971 session. During his eight years in the Senate from 1972 to 1980, he was its minority leader from 1975 to 1980.

Hoffner died on December 17, 2015 in Bismarck, North Dakota from heart failure, aged 91.

References

1924 births
2015 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
Deaths from heart failure
Politicians from North Dakota
US Democratic Party politicians
Harry Zvi Tabor (7 March 1917 – 15 December 2015) was a British-born Israeli physicist. He was known as the father of Israeli solar energy.  Tabor was also involved in bringing Israel's solar energy program to international awareness.

Tabor was born in London. He died in Jerusalem on 15 December 2015 at the age of 98.

Awards and recognition 
 1975 – Royal Society Energy Award
 1979 – Inducted in Solar Hall of Fame
 1981 – International Solar Energy Society Award
 1981 – Krupp Foundation Energy Award
 1994 – Passive Low Energy Architecture International Award
 1995 – Israeli Knesset Quality of Life Award
 2014 – Israeli President's Medal of Distinction

References

1917 births
2015 deaths
British Jews
Israeli Jews
Israeli physicists
Jewish scientists
Naturalized citizens of Israel
British physicists
Scientists from London
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
A combine harvester, also called a combine, is a machine that harvests crops. Its name comes from doing three separate parts of harvesting crops at once: 
reaping: cutting and collecting crops when they are ready for harvesting, 
threshing: separating the parts of a crop that can be eaten by people from the parts that can't, and 
winnowing: removing the already separated parts of the crop that can't be eaten by people, the chaff, while keeping the part that can be eaten, the grain. 

Far fewer people work in farming as a result of the combine harvester.

References

Agricultural machinery
Greville Ewan Janner, Baron Janner of Braunstone (11 July 1928 – 19 December 2015) was a British politician, barrister and writer.

He was QC since 1971, he was a Labour MP from 1970 to 1997; and then a member of the House of Lords until he died. He was associated with a number of Jewish organisations including the Board of Deputies of British Jews, of which he was chairman from 1978 to 1984, and he was prominent in the field of education about the Holocaust.

Janner was alleged to have abused vulnerable children from 1955 to 1988.

Janner died on 19 December 2015 in London from Alzheimer's disease, aged 87 and months earlier he had been deemed unfit to stand trial over allegations of 33 years of sexually abusing vulnerable children.

References

1928 births
2015 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British lawyers
British writers
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in London
Former Labour Party (UK) MPs
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Harvard University alumni
Jewish British politicians
Jewish British writers
Politicians from Glamorgan
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
Welsh politicians
Writers from Cardiff
"Prayer in C" is a song by the band Lilly Wood and the Prick.  It was originally released as a folk-pop song. The song was later remixed by DJ Robin Schulz in 2014. Schulz' remix peaked at number one on Billboard's Hot Dance/Electronic Songs chart. It hit number one in many European countries including the UK and Belgium. It reached the top twenty in Canada.  The remix is a dance and house song.  It was included on Schulz' album, Prayer.

References 

Dance music
Mutabar Tadjibayeva (Uzbek: Mo'tabar Tojiboyeva) is a journalist and human rights activist from Uzbekistan. She started the “Fiery Hearts Club” NGO. She also started the Uzbek news website Jarayon.  In 2009 she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Work 

In August 2003, Tadjibayeva got people in a group to demonstrate against corruption.  The police stopped the demonstration.  Tadjibayaeva was hurt and went to the hospital. In 2005, Tadjibayeva wrote about the Andijan Massacre.  Many people died when police stopped the demonstration. Tadjibayeva was in jail from October 2005 to June 2008.

Awards 

In 2005, the international organization "Peace Women Across the Globe", part of the Nobel Committee, added Tadjibayeva’s name to the list of "1000 women peace activists".  This made her a candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize.

Mutabar Tadjibayeva was on a top 10 list of women who worked for human rights.

In 2008, Tadjibayeva received the Martin Ennals Award.  When she received the award, she was still in prison. 

For the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Fiery Hearts Club received the "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" Prize from France. Mutabar Tadjibayeva accepted the prize in Paris.

In March 2009, Tadjibayeva received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. State Department. Later she returned the award.

In 2011, Mutabar Tadjibayeva was on a list of ten most influential women in Central Asia.

References

Other websites 
Jarayon Website "Fiery Hearts Club"

Uzbekistani people
1962 births
Living people
Human rights activists
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
The Fly is an American science fiction horror movie set in Montreal. It is directed by Kurt Neumann and written by James Clavell.

It was followed by two sequels: Return of the Fly and Curse of the Fly. A remake was released in 1986.

Other websites 

1958 movies
1950s science fiction movies
20th Century Fox movies
American monster movies
American science fiction horror movies
Body horror movies
English-language movies
Montreal
1950s horror movies
Movies directed by Kurt Neumann
Ambiga Sreenevasan (born 1956) is a lawyer and human rights advocate from Malaysia. In 2009, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Life 
Sreenevasan went to high school at Convent Bukit Nanasin Kuala Lumpur.  in 1979, she got a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) from the University of Exeter in England.  She became a lawyer in 1980. She worked in two London law firms, then she became a member of the Malaysian Bar in 1982. In July 2011, she received an Honorary Doctorate in Law (LLD) from the University of Exeter in England.

Work 
Sreenevasan was the president of the Malaysian Bar Council from 2007 to 2009.  She was also the head of  Bersih, an NGO for free and fair elections. 

Because Sreenevasan wanted to help with problems between ethnic groups, she received hate mail and death threats.  Hundreds of people from religious groups and conservative members of government protested against Sreenevasan at the Bar Council building and called for her arrest.

In 2008, as President of the Malaysian Bar she helped start LAWASIA, the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute and Transparency International-Malaysia, to study abuses of power.

Bersih demonstration 
Sreenevasan was head of Bersih 2.0, the organisation behind the July 2011 demonstration in Kuala Lumpur.  There were 20,000 people at the demonstration. Sreenevasan said the main problems for Malaysia were "unhappiness... in the Sarawak [election], unhappiness about corruption, [and] unhappiness about the lack of independence of our institutions."

Sreenevasan said the problems from the first demonstration in 2007 were not fixed, so there was another demonstration.

References

Other websites                                              
 Ambiga Sreenevasan, "Malaysia’s Many Scandals", The New York Times, August 20, 2015

1956 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Exeter
Lawyers
Malaysian people
Women lawyers
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Red Fisher (22 August 1926 – 19 January 2018) was a Canadian retired sports journalist. His columns focused on the National Hockey League and its Montreal Canadiens team. He was born in Montreal, Quebec. he began his hockey coverage in The Montreal Star newspaper in 1954 where he remained as writer and sports editor until that paper's demise in 1979. He retired in 2012.

Fisher died in Montreal on 19 January 2018 at the age of 91.

References

Other websites
Montreal Gazette: Red Fisher, accessed 11 November 2006

1926 births
Canadian journalists
Elmer Ferguson Award winners
2018 deaths
Writers from Montreal
Wazhma Frogh is a women's rights activist from Afghanistan. In 2009, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Life 
In the eighth grade, Frogh taught her landlord's children, so that the landlord would reduce her rent.  She wanted money so she and her sisters could go to school. At age 17, she worked as an intern at a newspaper in Pakistan.  Because of her job, she saw the difficult lives of the women in Afghan refugee camps.

Work  
From 1992 to 2001, Frogh lived in Peshawar, Pakistan, while she started programs for women in Aghanistian. In 2002 Frogh finished the first study of women’s conditions in Nuristan, Afghanistan. Frogh also helped start women's centers in the Kandahar, Ghazni, Herat, and Parwan provinces of Afghanistan.

Frogh helped start the Afghan organization "Research Institute for Women".  She became the director. In 2013, she wanted to visit the United States after she wrote about a militia commander in a report to NATO. The militia commander was a repeat abuser of rights. The militia commander threaten Frogh and her sisters.  The Institute of Inclusive Security invited Frogh to come to the U.S. as a visiting fellow, but her visa was refused. Frogh also wrote for The Guardian on the subject of Afghanistan.

Other websites 
Wazhma Frogh's blog

References  

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Human rights activists
Afghan activists
Living people
Christopher "Chris" Diamantopoulos (born May 9, 1975; ) is a Greek-Canadian actor and comedian. He is known for playing Moe Howard in the 2012 The Three Stooges film, and for voicing Mickey Mouse in the 2013 TV series of the same name.

Selected filmography
 The Adulterer (2000)
 Drop Dead Roses (2001)
 Law & Order (2002, TV series)
 Third Watch (2003, TV series)
 Frasier (2004, TV series)
 Nip/Tuck (2004, TV series)
 Charmed (2004, TV series)
 American Dreams (2004, TV series)
 Kevin Hill (2004, TV series)
 Jake in Progress (2005, TV series)
 Behind the Camera: The Unauthorized Story of Mork & Mindy (2005, TV) 
 The Sopranos (2006, TV series)
 Wedding Daze (2006)
 Boston Legal (2006, TV series)
 Three Days to Vegas (2007)
 Raines (2007, TV series)
 The Starter Wife (2007, TV miniseries)
 State of Mind (2007, TV series)
 24 (2010, TV series)
 The Kennedys (2011, TV miniseries)
 Up All Night (2011–2012, TV series)
 The Three Stooges (2012)
 Community (2013, TV series)
 The Office (2013, TV series)
 Arrested Development (2013, TV series)
 Family Guy (2013, TV series)
 American Dad! (2013, TV series)
 Mickey Mouse (2013–present, TV series)
 The Art of the Steal (2013)
 Doctor Lollipop (2013, web cartoon)
 Dr. Cabbie (2014)
 Episodes (2014, TV series)
 Hannibal (2014, TV series)
 About a Boy (2014, TV series)
 Silicon Valley (2015–present, TV Series)
 The Truth About Lies (2015)
 Batman Unlimited: Animal Instincts - (2015, Direct-to-video)

References

1975 births
Living people
Actors from Toronto
Comedians from Toronto
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
The Rest of the Robots (1964) is a collection of eight short stories and two full-length novels by Isaac Asimov. The stories are all part of the Robot series, and follow on from ʽI, Robotʼ. The novels were not included in some published versions.

The stories are as followsː

Robot AL-76 Goes Astray (1941).

Robot AL-76, known as Al, is manufactured to do mining work on the Moon, but ends up in a rural part of Earth. It can't find the tool it is meant to use, so builds a better one out of ̼junk it finds in a workshop.

Victory Unintentional (1942)

Intelligent life has been discovered on the planet Jupiter. Humans cannot land on the planet because of the powerful gravity and lack of air. They send a spaceship containing three very powerful ZZ series robots. They land on Jupiter, but the inhabitants, known as Jovians, try to attack and kill them. But when the Jovians eventually discover that the robots are too powerful to be destroyed, they decide instead to make peace with humans.

First Law (1956)

A robot engineer tells a story about Emma Two, a EM series robot, that abandoned him to die in a storm on the asteroid Titan.

Let's Get Together (1957)

An American secret service agent claims that the Soviet Union has developed humanoid robots (they cannot be distinguished from humans), and that they are being infiltrated into the USA. The head of robotics realises just in time that the agent is himself a robot and destroys him.

Satisfaction Guaranteed (1951)

Robot TN-3, Tony, is introduced into the house of Claire Belmont as an experiment, by her husband, a robot engineer with US Robots. Tony realises that Claire has very low self-esteem and tries to help, even offering to become her lover and making sure that the neighbours know it.

Risk (1955)

Humans have set up an experimental base on an asteroid to build the first spaceship to travel through hyperspace (faster than light). The ship is piloted by a robot, but the experiment fails. An engineer goes on board and discovers that the fault lies with the robot, not the ship.

Lenny (1958)

An LNE robot, known as Lenny, is built, but with a fault. It's brain is childlike and it can't speak. Susan Calvin experiments with it and eventually teaches it to speak a few words.

Galley Slave (1957)

Robot EZ-27, known as Easy, is placed in a university to carry out a variety of jobs, including proof-reading. A professor of sociology, Simon Ninheimer, claims that the robot changed the text of a book by himself that it was checking. He takes US Robots to court. Susan Calvin is able to prove that Ninheimer set up the text changes deliberately, so that he could ruin the reputation of the Company and the robots they make.

The Caves of Steel (1953)

The Naked Sun (1956)

Reception
Algis Budrys praised the collection as "a fine book of entertainment," but faulted Asimov's extensive annotations, saying they "[suck] the juice out of some very vivacious writing indeed, and [embalm] one of science fiction's most ebullient personalities."

References

Science fiction books
1964 books
Isaac Asimov
Selma Reis (24 August 1960 – 19 December 2015) was a Brazilian actress and singer. She was born in São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro. She acted in many telenovelas and miniseries for Rede Globo, including Caminho das Índias, Páginas da Vida, Presença de Anita and Chiquinha Gonzaga. After 1987, she released a debut album, the first of eleven releases.

Personal life
She was married to photographer Locca Faria, with whom she had a son. The couple separated but remained friends for the last three years of her life.

In July 2014, Reis was diagnosed with brain cancer. Reis died at a hospital in Teresópolis, Brazil from the disease, aged 55. She was cremated in a Lutheran service in Nova Friburgo.

References

1960 births
2015 deaths
Brazilian television actors
Brazilian singers
Deaths from brain cancer
Disease-related deaths in Brazil
Maureen McGovern (born July 27, 1949) is an American singer and Broadway actress. She is well known known for her renditions of songs such as "The Morning After" from the 1972 movie The Poseidon Adventure. 

McGovern was born in Youngstown, Ohio.

References

1949 births
Living people
American movie actors
American pop singers
American stage actors
American television actors
People from Youngstown, Ohio
Singers from Ohio
"Because You Loved Me" is a 1996 pop-R&B ballad by Canadian singer Celine Dion. Its lyrics are about the protagonist thanking a loyal loved one for guiding, encouraging and protecting her and for making her who she is. It was originally written for the movie Up Close and Personal. Diane Warren, who wrote the song (and others for artists like Cher, Aerosmith, Monica, and Lady Gaga), said the song was a tribute to her father. "Because You Loved Me" won Warren a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television, or Other Visual Media.

"Because You Loved Me" is the second track on Dion's album Falling into You. The song topped the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 for six weeks and finished as the third-best performing song of 1996 there.  It also reached number one in Canada and Australia and reached number five in the UK.  It was certified Platinum in the US for sales and shipments of over one million copies.

References
\
1996 songs
1990s ballads
Celine Dion songs
Pop ballads
Rhythm and blues ballads
The iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus are two smartphones designed by Apple Inc. They were released on September 25, 2015. They replace the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, respectively.  These "S" models have a rose gold finish. They have cameras on the front (5 megapixels) and back (12 megapixels). The screens are  for the 6S and  for the 6S Plus.  The storage capacities are 16, 64, and 128 gigabytes.  A new feature, Force Touch, is on these models and is also on the Apple Watch.  Live Photos is a new feature that allows users to take moving photos.

References

Other websites

IPhone
Mobile phones released in 2010s
Mobile phones with 4K video recording
Apple products released in 2015
The following is a list of notable deaths in 2016. For notable deaths for each month, please see "Months".  Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.

 Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, nationality, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and most importantly a source.


Months
 January
 February
 March
 April
 May
 June
 July
 August
 September
 October
 November
 December

References

Other websites
 The Guardian, UK obituaries
 Obituaries, Los Angeles Times
 Obituaries, Chicago Tribune
 The New York Times, US obituaries
 The Sydney Morning Herald, Australian obituaries
 The Telegraph obituaries

Index lists
Georgetown is the capital city of Guyana. It is located in the Demerara-Mahaica region. It is the country's largest city. The population in 2012 was about 235,017 people.

References

National capitals in South America
Guyana
Settlements established in the 18th century
Joseph William Kittinger II (born July 27, 1928) is a retired Colonel in the United States Air Force and a USAF Command Pilot. He was born in Tampa, Florida. He set a world record for the longest skydive from a height more than . He was also the first man to cross the Atlantic Ocean, alone, in a hot air balloon.

He was a fighter pilot in the Vietnam War and was a prisoner of war in a North Vietnamese prison.

References

1928 births
Living people
American aviators
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Colonels
Military people from Florida
People from Tampa, Florida
Prisoners of war
Wyre Forest is a large, semi-natural woodland and forest measuring . It sits across the borders of Worcestershire and Shropshire, England. It is lightly managed.

Natural history
The forest has a variety of wildlife. It was much larger, but it still is one of the largest remaining ancient woodlands in Britain. The Forestry Commission looks after about half of today's forest. Two-thirds of the forest is a SSSI (1,753.7 hectares), and a further fifth (549 hectares) is a National Nature Reserve. The Dowles Brook flows through the heart of the forest, and the A456 road also runs through the southern edge of the woodland.

It is one of the largest areas of semi-natural (partially unmanaged) woodland in the UK. Wildlife species to be found in the forest include hawfinch, fallow deer, dipper, common crossbill, pied flycatcher, redstart, and long-eared owl among many other woodland birds and plants. The small but colourful moth Oecophora bractella has one of its few English populations here, and does not seem to occur much farther northwards.

The forest is an important habitat for adders, which have been the subject of a notable study.

References 

Forests of the United Kingdom
Worcestershire
Shropshire
Jan Wojciech Góra OP (8 February 1948 – 21 December 2015) was a Polish Dominican Roman Catholic Priest, Doctor of Theology, academic and chaplain. Since 1997, he had been the organiser of the Polish Youth Meeting Lednica 2000 at the Lednica Fields. He was the animator for the academic chaplaincy centre "Respublica Dominicana" in Jamna. He was the author of numerous books and articles. He was born in Prudnik.

Góra died at the age of 67 in Poznań, Poland from a heart attack.

References

1948 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Poland
Polish Roman Catholics
Polish writers
Roman Catholic priests
Rolf Bossi (10 September 1923 – 22 December 2015) was a German criminal defense lawyer. He was born in Munich. He was known for defending known actors such as Ingrid van Bergen and Romy Schneider, as well as notable criminals such as Jürgen Bartsch, Dieter Zlof, and Dieter Degowski. He also defended four former East German border guards who were accused of having killed Chris Gueffroy, who was trying to escape over the Berlin wall. He was considered to be one of Germany's best-known defense lawyers.

Bossi died in Munich, Germany from natural causes at the age of 92.

References

1923 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
German writers
German lawyers
People from Munich
The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) is a 2011 British-Dutch black and white exploitation movie written, directed, and co-produced by Dutch filmmaker Tom Six. It is a sequel to Six's 2009 movie The Human Centipede (First Sequence). The movie stars Laurence R. Harvey and Ashlynn Yennie. It was followed by The Human Centipede 3 (Final Sequence).

Plot
The movie is about a mentally challenged English man, Martin, who watches and becomes obsessed with the first Human Centipede movie, and decides to make his own "centipede" made up of twelve people.

Response
It was originally banned in the United Kingdom by the BBFC because of its "revolting" content but was eventually granted an 18 certificate after over 30 cuts were made. The film was also banned in Australia for a short period of time. It is banned in New Zealand. The film received negative reviews for its plot, excessive gore and violence.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 

2011 crime movies
2011 horror movies
2010s sequel movies
Body horror movies
Dutch crime movies
Dutch horror movies
British crime movies
British horror movies
English-language movies
Movies about abduction
Movies about murderers
Rape in movies
Obscenity controversies
Donald "Don" Howe (12 October 1935 – 23 December 2015) was an English football player, coach, manager and pundit. He was born in the Springfield area of Wolverhampton.

Career
Howe spent most of his playing career at West Bromwich Albion.
Howe joined the West Bromwich Albion ground staff after leaving school, joining the club as a youth player in December 1950. He turned professional in November 1952, but did not make his debut until 1955, against Everton. 

A full back, he played nearly 350 games for the Baggies in twelve years, as well as becoming a regular in the England team; he played in the 1958 FIFA World Cup, and won 23 caps in total.

Howe was signed by Billy Wright's Arsenal in 1964, and was made club captain. However, in March 1966 he broke his leg playing against Blackpool and never recovered well enough to play in the first team again.

Later life
Howe retired from coaching in the summer of 2003 after more than 30 years. He occasionally wrote as a pundit for the BBC Sport website. He also had a regular column in the official Arsenal magazine. Right up until his death he ran youth coaching schemes across the United Kingdom.

Howe died, aged 80, in December 2015.

References

Other websites

Englandstats.com profile

1935 births
2015 deaths
1958 FIFA World Cup players
1962 FIFA World Cup players
Arsenal F.C. players
English footballers
English football managers
English writers
People from Wolverhampton
Sportspeople from Staffordshire
Galatasaray S.K. (football) managers
George Clayton Johnson (July 10, 1929 – December 25, 2015) was an American science fiction writer. He was most famous for co-writing the novel Logan's Run with William F. Nolan, the basis for the 1976 movie. 

He was also known for his television screenplays for The Twilight Zone (such as "Nothing in the Dark", "Kick the Can", "A Game of Pool", and "A Penny for Your Thoughts"), and the first episode of Star Trek, "The Man Trap". He also wrote the story on which the 1960 and 2001 movie Ocean's Eleven were based.

Johnson died of bladder and prostate cancer on December 25, 2015 at a hospital in North Hills, Los Angeles, California at the age of 86. His death was falsely reported on December 22.

References

Other websites

All of us are dying, but writer George Clayton Johnson is still living it up  (scifi.com)

1929 births
2015 deaths
American science fiction writers
American screenwriters
American television writers
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from bladder cancer
Deaths from prostate cancer
People from Cheyenne, Wyoming
Jason Myers (born May 12, 1991) is an American football placekicker for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). He was born in Chula Vista, California. He played college football at Marist College in Poughkeepsie, NY. In 2014 Myers played for the Arizona Rattlers and the San Jose SaberCats of the Arena Football League. On March 3, 2015, Myers signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars. On August 31, 2015, the Jaguars announced that Myers had earned the placekicker role on the team. Veteran Josh Scobee was traded to the Pittsburgh Steelers.

References

1991 births
Living people
American football players
People from San Diego County, California
The Malmö tramway is a former tramway network in the city Malmö of Sweden. It remains a network about 2 km as a historic line.

History 
The Malmö tramay existed between 1887 and 1973. It started service as a horse car. The horse cars had been replaced by electric trams since 1906. The last electric tram has been replaced by bus in 1973.

Lines 
 line 1 (red) from 1907 till 1967
 line 2 (blue) from 1907 till 1940
 line 3 (white) from 1906 till 1964
 line 4 (yellow) from 1907 till 1973
 line 5 from 1915 till 1928
 line 6 from 1916 till 1919 and from 1924 till 1949
 line 7 from 1918 till 1949
 line 8 from 1928 till 1930

Cars 
Originally the service had been provided by two-axle motor cars. From 1949, they had been replace by newer ones.

Museum Line 
At a length of 2 km, there still remains a line for historical purpose, it starts at Malmöhus and ends at the museum.

Literature 
 Andersson, Per Gunnar; Forsberg, Anders; (2006); Malmö elektriska spårväg 100 år; Stockholm: Trafiknostalgiska Förlaget

Other websites 

 Tram Malmö

Malmo
Malmo
Transport in Sweden
Freda Meissner-Blau (March 11, 1927 – December 22, 2015) was an Austrian politician and activist. She was an important figure in the Austrian environmental movement. She was a founder and the federal spokesperson of the Austrian Green Party. She was born in Dresden, Germany.

Meissner-Blau died in Vienna, Austria from complications following a stroke at the age of 88.

References

Other websites

Biography of Meissner-Blau by Wiener Zeitung 
2002 Interview with Meissner Blau  (2002)
2007 Nuclear-Free Future Lifetime Achievement Award: Freda Meissner-Blau 

1927 births
2015 deaths
Activists
Austrian politicians
Deaths from stroke
Greens politicians
People from Dresden
Politicians from Saxony
Jean-Marie Pelt (24 October 1933 – 23 December 2015) was a French biologist, botanist and pharmacist with degrees in both Biology and Pharmacy. He was professor at the University of Lorraine. As municipal councilor of Metz between 1971 and 1983, Jean-Marie Pelt pioneered a policy of urban ecology. Pelt was born in Rodemack, France.

Pelt died in Metz, France from a heart attack, aged 82.

References

Other websites

1933 births
2015 deaths
French botanists
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Pharmacists
Nils Lennart Johansson (5 November 1929 – 4 June 2019) was a Swedish sports official. He was the fifth and, to date, the longest serving president of UEFA, the Union of European Football Associations, from his election at UEFA's Malta Congress in 1990 until his retirement in 2007. He was made honorary president shortly afterwards.

He started as a leader in the sport of bandy in Sweden for his hometown team AIK. Johansson then came through the ranks in the Swedish Football Association, and served as the association's president between 1984 and 1991.

Johansson died on 4 June 2019 in Stockholm, aged 89.

References

Other websites
 Lennart Johansson profile at uefa.com

1929 births
2019 deaths
Sportspeople from Stockholm
Presidents of UEFA
Gustaf Peter Lundblad (26 August 1950 - 22 December 2015) was a Swedish singer and songwriter. He was known for his 1986 song Ta mig till havet. Lundblad started his career in the band 'The most Remarkable Nailband'.

Lundblad died of prostate cancer on 22 December 2015 in Stockholm at the age of 65.

References

Other websites
Aftonbladet.se
Official website

1950 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Swedish singers
Swedish writers
Songwriters
A bronchodilator is a substance that dilates (opens up) the bronchi and bronchioles which increases airflow to the lungs. Bronchodilators may be endogenous (originating naturally within the body), or they may be medications taken to treat breathing difficulties. They are most useful in obstructive lung diseases. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the most common such conditions. They are also used to treat respritory blockages that usaully occur when you have the common cold. They are well prescribed by doctors and are really common in house holds. Although this remains somewhat controversial, they might be useful in bronchiolitis and Bronchiectasis.They are often prescribed but of unproven significance in restrictive lung diseases.

Types of bronchodilators 
Bronchodilators are either short-acting or long-acting. Short-acting medications provide quick or "rescue" relief from acute bronchoconstriction. Long-acting bronchodilators help to control and prevent symptoms. They are used along with inhaled steroids for control of asthma symptoms on a long-term basis. The three types of prescription bronchodilating drugs are β2-agonists (short- and long-acting), anticholinergics (short-acting), and theophylline (long-acting).

Common bronchodilators 
The bronchodilators are divided in short- and long-acting groups:

Short-acting bronchodilators 
Salbutamol/albuterol (Proventil or Ventolin)
Levosalbutamol/levalbuterol (Xopenex)
Pirbuterol (Maxair)
Epinephrine (Primatene Mist now withdrawn)
Racemic Epinephrine (Asthmanefrin, Primatene Mist Replacement)
Ephedrine (Bronkaid)
Terbutaline

Long-acting bronchodilators 
Salmeterol (Serevent)
Clenbuterol (Spiropent)
Formoterol
Bambuterol
Indacaterol

References 

Drugs
Carpetbagger is a term from the United States political history. A carpetbagger was a northerner  who moved to the South after the American Civil War. This period is called the "reconstruction era". 

White southerners feared they would loot the defeated South. Sixty carpetbaggers were elected to Congress. Among them were most Republican governors in the South during reconstruction. A historian said:

"Carpetbagger" referred to the cheap carpet bags (a form of luggage) which many of the newcomers carried. The term came to be associated with opportunism and exploitation by outsiders.  It is used today for a "parachute candidate": a political candidate for public office in an area far from home.

References 

Politics of the United States
Words
American Civil War
The Sims is a series of sandbox games in which you have a life and job. The game developed by Maxis and published by Electronic Arts. The games also have expansion packs which you can download. If you download them you get extra content.

The Sims Games 
 The Sims (2000)
 The Sims 2 (2004)
 The Sims 3 (2009)
 The Sims 4 (2014)
There is also a series of SimCity games listed here

The SimCity Games 
 SimCity (1989)
 SimCity 2000
 SimCity 64
 SimCity 3000
 SimCity 4
 SimCity DS
 SimCity Societies
 SimCity DS 2
 SimCity Creator
 SimCity Social
 SimCity (2013)
The Battle of Cannae ( or ) was a major battle of the Second Punic War. It took place on 2 August 216 BC in Cannae, Apulia, in southeast Italy. The army of Carthage, under Hannibal, defeated a larger Roman army. The Romans were led by the consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro. Hannibal's victory was one the greatest tactical feats in military history. It was also one of the worst defeats in Roman history.

After recovering from their losses at Trebia (218 BC) and Lake Trasimene (217 BC), the Romans decided to fight Hannibal at Cannae. The Roman army had about 70,000 soldiers. The Romans massed their heavy infantry in a deeper formation than usual. Hannibal attacked using a double-envelopment tactic. This was so successful that the Roman army was destroyed as a fighting force by an army half its size. About 45,500 Roman and allied soldiers were killed. Also killed were 2,700 Roman cavalry. About 17,000 were taken prisoner. Hannibal lost a total of about 4,000 men. Following the defeat, many of Rome's allies changed sides  and allied themselves with Carthage.

References 

210s BC
Punic Wars
Apulia
August events
Roberto Gastone Zeffiro Rossellini, (8 May 1906 – 3 June 1977), was an Italian movie director, producer and screenwriter. He was born in Rome. He was best known for his movies Rome, Open City (1945), Paisà (1946) and Germany, Year Zero (1948).

Rossellini died from a heart attack in Rome, Italy, aged 71.

Other websites

1906 births
1977 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Rome
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Italian movie directors
Italian movie producers
Italian screenwriters
Television directors
Television producers
Television writers
Writers from Rome
The placekicker, also called a kicker, is the player in American and Canadian football who is responsible for the kicking duties of field goals and extra points. In many cases, the placekicker also serves as the team's kickoff specialist or, more rarely, punter, as well. A kicker is often called the most valuable player on the team. This is because in many cases, he scores the most points in a game. Each time his team gets to the 35 yard line or closer, they have a chance to score 3 points. Each time their team makes a touchdown, the kicker comes in to make the extra (1) point. A kicker is a member of the special teams.

Job requirements 
To be a kicker in the NFL requires strong legs. The kicker also needs excellent concentration and coordination. A kicker is the only member of a team who can move the ball with their feet. But the kicker is often the smallest member of the team. Probably the most important requirement is "nerves of steel". You have to kick the ball perfectly while being rushed by the other team.

Hero or ? 
The kicker is the only player on a team who has the opportunity to score points each time he goes out on the field. Kickers today often use a soccer-style kick instead of a straight ahead kick. If he makes a great kick he is a hero. If he misses he is a chump|. An entire game can be won or lost by the kicker. A kicker cannot afford to miss too many field goals or they can find themselves traded off the team.

References

Other websites 
 The 10 Best Kickers of All Time
 NFL Career Field Goal % Leaders

American football placekickers
Canadian football
The Ukrainian National Union () is nationalist paramilitary political party in Ukraine. Started as a political organization in 2009 and became a political party in 2013.

History
The organisation was founded in 2009 by Oleg Goltvyansky and a group of sympathisers. Since July 15, 2012 the head of organisation became Vitaly Krivosheev. In April 27, 2013, the Ukrainian National Union leaders proclaimed their intention to create a political party. Рarty is one of the organisers of the "Euromaidan". Activists of the Ukrainian National Union takes part in the war in Eastern Ukraine

Related pages
Nationalism
Euromaidan

References

Other websites
 Official site Ukrainian National Union

Politics of Ukraine
Political parties in Europe
2009 establishments in Europe
Nationalist organizations in Europe
Establishments in Ukraine
On 5 April 1986 three people were killed and around 230 injured when La Belle discothèque was bombed in West Berlin, West Germany. The entertainment venue was commonly used by United States soldiers, and two of the dead and 79 of the injured were American servicemen.

A bomb placed under a table near the disk jockey's booth exploded at 1:45 am CET instantly killing a Turkish woman, and a United States Army sergeant. A second US Army sergeant died from his injuries two months later. Some of the victims were left permanently disabled due to the injuries.

Libya was accused by the US government of sponsoring the bombing, and US President Ronald Reagan ordered strikes on Tripoli and Benghazi in Libya ten days later. The strikes reportedly killed 15-30 people, including Colonel Gaddafi's adopted daughter. Reagan's actions were condemned by the United Nations General Assembly.

A 2001 trial in the US found that the bombing had been "planned by the Libyan secret service and the Libyan Embassy."

References

1986 in Europe

1980s building bombings
1980s explosions in Europe
1980s in Germany
1980s murders in Europe
20th century in Berlin
20th century in Libya
April 1986 events
Attacks on buildings and structures in Germany
Attacks on nightclubs
Cold War
Explosions in 1986
Murder in Germany
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Terrorist incidents in Europe in the 1980s
Terrorist incidents in Germany
The Malta Summit comprised a meeting between U.S. President George H. W. Bush and U.S.S.R. leader Mikhail Gorbachev. It took place between December 2-3, 1989, just a few weeks after the fall of the Berlin Wall.  It was their second meeting following a meeting that included then President Ronald Reagan, in New York in December 1988.  

During the summit, Bush and Gorbachev would declare an end to the Cold War, although whether it was truly such is a matter of debate.

Other websites
CNN: Cold War Interviews, Episode 24: Transcripts from Malta Summit
 David Hoffman, "Bush and Gorbachev Hail New Cooperation", Washington Post (December 4, 1989)
 Richard Lacayo, "Turning Visions into Reality" , in Time (online): December 11, 1989
 Romesh Ratnesar, "Condi Rice Can't Lose" , in Time (online): September 20, 1999

1989
George H. W. Bush
Mikhail Gorbachev
Cold War
Malta
1989 in the United States
1980s in the Soviet Union
December events
The Germany men's national volleyball team is the national team of Germany. It is governed by the DVV (Deutscher Volleyball-Verband). It takes part in international volleyball competitions. Germany won the gold medal in World Championship 1970 under East Germany. It won the bronze medal in the 2014 World Championships.

After German reunification, West Germany (1949–1990) was renamed Germany and they absorbed East Germany (1949–1990) with the records.

Other websites
Official website
FIVB profile

National volleyball teams
Sport in Germany
The Italy men's national volleyball team is the volleyball national team of Italy. It dominated international volleyball competitions in the 1990s and early 2000s, by winning three World Championships in a row (1990, 1994 and 1998), seven European Championships, one World Cup (1995) and eight World League (1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999 and 2000).

Other websites
Official website
FIVB profile

National volleyball teams
Volleyball
Dame Mary Eugenia Charles, DBE (15 May 1919 – 6 September 2005) was a Dominican politician and lawyer. She was the Prime Minister of Dominica serving from 21 July 1980 until 14 June 1995. She was Dominica's first, and to date only, female prime minister, as well as the nation's longest-serving prime minister. 

Charles died in Fort-de-France, Martinique from a pulmonary embolism caused by hip surgery that she had a few days before. She was 86 years old.

References

Other websites
 Caricom Biography 

1919 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
Deaths from surgical complications
Prime Ministers of Dominica
Lawyers
Women lawyers
Women politicians
Caribbean people